https://scispace.com/papers/zur-anatomie-und-physiologie-der-kiemenwurmer-von-adolph-4zfltj4hlc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-orderpr-tlioil-des-avurmes-von-der-ruckenseite-3cr4rlgm.png Fig. 1. ^'orderpr Tlioil des AVurmes, von der Rückenseite aiifgesclinitten. A. Der Kopf mit seinen 5 Antennen, welcher sich theilweise zurückgezogen hat in das erste Segment des Leibes (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-stellt-diese-vertheilung-besonders-dar-1u42xepl.png Fig. 17. Stellt diese Vertheilung besonders dar, — https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-der-magen-dieses-thieres-sehr-vergrossert-dargestellt-1e4re8qq.png Fig. 13. Der Magen dieses Thieres, sehr vergrössert dargestellt, von oben geöfTnet.i a. Der Schlund, welcher als lliissel hervorgestülpt werden kann. b. Die zarten hornigen dreieckigen Blättchen, auf dessen hinterer dlrenae: Leim Hervortreten des Hassels bilden sie einen Kranz von Spitzen. c. Die 4 hakigen Kiefer am Anfang des Magens. d. Der sehr dick^^andigp knor|)eiig harte Magen selber. «>. Sein durch eine Falten - Duplicatur der Schleimhaut bezeichneter Pylorus. f. Der Darm. g. Die vorderen der in ihn mündenden Blindsäcke, analog den Appendices pyloricae der Fische. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ansicht-des-vordem-theils-der-eunice-von-der-linken-2v9dxopv.png Fig. 8. Ansicht des vordem Theils der Eunice von der linken Seite, so dass aber mehr von https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3avgnbfe.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-der-vordere-theil-der-sabella-von-ol-en-2s8456mu.png Fig. 12. Der vordere Theil der Sabella von ol)en aufgeschnitten; die beiden Hälften sind https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-die-sehr-vergrosserfc-spitze-einer-der-uniern-borsten-3vcs1kdg.png Fig. 10. Die sehr vergrösserfc Spitze einer der uniern Borsten aus den Borstenbündeln der https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-der-vordere-tlieil-des-neraensyslems-vergrossert-r-der-17fjh4yo.png Fig. 9. Der vordere Tlieil des NerAensyslems, vergrössert. r. Der Nervenstrang, iimgeljcn \on seinem Xeurilem (aus zwei Strängen bestellend;. r'. Die l)eiden Schenkel desselben, uelciie den Scbltindring bilden. — Aus ihnen treten o Zweige nach aussen für die vordersten Segmente, und andere nach innen zur Wandung des Sciilundes. k. Die Hrücke, welche die Schenkel verbindet, ehe sie den Schlund ganz umgehen. ii. Das Cieliirnganglion, auf dem man oben die beiden L'rsprungssiellen der ganz kurzen Augennerven wahrnimmt. https://scispace.com/papers/1-6-gev-c-charged-particle-spectrometer-facility-at-the-3486qw1que 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wire-float-trajectories-near-the-focal-plane-for-five-1h5imsjf.png Fig. 4 Wire float trajectories near the focal plane, for five momenta https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-shows-the-complete-second-order-set-of-t-ne-taylor-ahm2mri7.png Table IV shows the complete second-order set of t'ne Taylor series https://scispace.com/papers/100-ol-1-operable-unit-pilot-study-xrf-evaluation-of-select-413zrrqnvi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-20-vertical-profile-of-lead-and-arsenic-in-six-lead-21xamihv.png Figure 4.20. Vertical profile of lead and arsenic in six lead arsenate-contaminated orchard soils (Peryea and Creger 1994; reproduced with publisher’s permission) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-results-for-arsenic-concentrations-in-ol-32-1p5mn5ck.png Figure 4.8. Results for arsenic concentrations in OL-32 decision unit with 1943 aerial imagery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-results-for-lead-concentrations-in-ol-14-decision-2452df65.png Figure 4.3. Results for lead concentrations in OL-14 decision unit with 1943 aerial imagery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-17-aerial-imagery-from-1943-provides-context-for-2d18h2kg.png Figure 4.17. Aerial imagery from 1943 provides context for identifying areas where there were fruit trees and other agricultural activities. Inset pictures were taken during the pilot study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-14-project-data-qualifiers-vxf40xwe.png Table A.14. Project data qualifiers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-ol-32-decision-unit-sample-locations-for-the-35126tuf.png Figure 2.3. OL-32 decision unit sample locations for the pilot study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-results-for-arsenic-concentrations-in-fr2-1-3f7bhpfn.png Figure 4.12. Results for arsenic concentrations in FR2-1 decision unit with 1943 aerial imagery https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-for-information-only-results-for-ol-14-the-mh0fi9xw.png Table D.1. “For Information Only” Results for OL-14. The notation “#DIV/0!” in the concentration column indicates that all three replicate results were less than the quantification limit of the XRF instrument. #DIV/0 in the “SD” (standard deviation) column indicates that only 1 of https://scispace.com/papers/100-times-faster-weighted-median-filter-wmf-45a8jqid9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-execution-time-with-respect-to-different-image-sizes-21xhe2og.png Table 1. Execution time with respect to different image sizes and window sizes. The input is a 8-bit single-channel image and the feature is its intensity, i.e., NI = 256 and NF = 256. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-execution-time-to-filter-one-megapixel-rgb-images-1xwon840.png Table 2. Execution time to filter one-megapixel RGB images with a 20×20 kernel and average PSNRs using different weight forms. “Gaussian”, “Reciprocal”, and “Cosine” represent weights defined as exp{−‖f(p) − f(q)‖}, ‖f(p) − f(q)‖−1, and f(p)·f(q)‖f(p)‖‖f(q)‖ respectively. The C++ code for [15] is provided by the authors. For our method, the feature set contains 256 clustered RGB colors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-of-median-tracking-and-necklace-table-we-13knkfse.png Table 3. Efficiency of median tracking and necklace table. We filter one-megapixel RGB images with a 20 × 20 kernel. Joint, MT, and NT are shorts for joint-histogram, median tracking, and necklace table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-demonstration-of-the-necklace-table-1j8y6997.png Figure 6. Demonstration of the necklace table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimating-optical-flow-by-our-wmf-a-input-and-2i4gb3g5.png Figure 8. Estimating optical flow by our WMF. (a) Input and close-ups. (b) Result of [19]. (c) Our result by replacing global optimization by our local WMF. Our implementation uses only RGB color as features. The quality is similar but the running time is much shortened. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-our-fast-wmf-can-be-used-as-l0-norm-filter-a-0-in-2w5xk0mv.png Figure 7. Our fast WMF can be used as L0-norm filter (α = 0 in Eq. (8)) to remove details while preserving large-magnitude structures better than global minimization [23]. (a) Global minimization in 3 iterations uses 7.73s; (b) Our filtering process in 10 iterations uses 2.23s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-watercolor-painting-effect-generated-with-36r8d4gb.png Figure 9. The watercolor painting effect generated with weights defined as Jaccard similarity in RGB color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-joint-histogram-illustration-a-input-image-and-a-2zqmrp6f.png Figure 1. Joint-histogram illustration. (a) Input image and a local window. (b) Joint-histogram containing all pixels in the window according to value index i and feature f . (c) Total weight calculated for each i. https://scispace.com/papers/11-2-2-dimethylpropyl-12-2-12-2-2-dimethylpropyl-9-10-3jb21j7ktc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometric-parameters-a-2icp9lcu.png Table 1 Selected geometric parameters (Å, ). https://scispace.com/papers/18f-fdg-pet-ct-in-the-follow-up-of-large-vessel-vasculitis-a-28hp4cgi1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-features-of-the-37-patients-included-in-the-1yw2q3ce.png Table 1. Main features of the 37 patients included in the study at the time of the initial PET/CT scan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-target-to-background-ratio-tbr-at-the-initial-and-1lcjfj4p.png Table 4. Target-to-background ratio (TBR) at the initial and follow-up PET/CT scan according to the therapeutic management of the patients. https://scispace.com/papers/1950-c-post-implantation-annealing-of-al-implanted-4h-sic-4740qy7j45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-dependence-of-the-drift-hole-mobility-19agp24s.png Figure 5. Temperature dependence of the drift hole mobility in the Al implanted layer of the 4H-SiC samples of this study (see text). For comparison, dashed lines show the T3/2 and T−3/2 trends that correspond to the expected temperature dependence for mere ionized impurity scattering and mere phonon scattering, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-drift-hole-area-1lbolk8k.png Figure 4. (a) Temperature dependence of the drift hole area density of the Al implanted layer of the 4H-SiC samples of this study (see text). (b) Enlarged view of the high temperature region of (a). The dimension of symbols includes the measurement error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-room-temperature-values-of-sheet-resistance-and-2rm55frc.png Figure 3. Room temperature values of sheet resistance (●) and acceptor ionization energy (©) of the samples of this study after post implantation annealing at 1950◦C (see text) and different annealing times. Dashed straight lines interpolates the decreasing and the saturated data (see text). The cross point between these two trends is 12 min and 22 min for sheet resistance (●) and acceptor ionization energy (©), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-sheet-resistance-of-2fyc8sfl.png Figure 2. (a) Temperature dependence of the sheet resistance of the Al implanted HPSI 4H-SiC samples of this study after 1950◦C annealing, 5−10−25−40 min long (see inset). (b) Enlarged view of the high temperature region of (a). The dimension of symbols includes the measurement error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sims-al-depth-profiles-of-the-5-min-and-40-min-gtni5m8k.png Figure 1. (a) SIMS Al depth profiles of the 5 min and 40 min annealed 4H-SiC samples. (b) Schematic representation of the Al depth profiles of (a). https://scispace.com/papers/110th-anniversary-carbon-dioxide-and-chemical-looping-5adqzheny8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-chemical-looping-3j62c3cn.png Figure 4. Schematic representation of chemical looping processes. (A) Chemical looping redox reactions. (B) Thermochemical looping redox reactions. (C) Chemical looping carbon dioxide separation. The reduction and decarbonation step in (B) and (C) can also be realized by decreasing the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, for example, by means of an inert sweep gas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schematic-illustration-of-mixed-ceo2-fe2o3-samples-28am9bff.png Figure 11. Schematic illustration of mixed CeO2−Fe2O3 samples. The illustration, based on ICP composition, XRD, STEM-EDX, and EELS, shows the effect of the CeO2 and Fe2O3 content on the crystallite size and morphology. Reprinted with permission from ref 175. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-illustration-of-crystallite-growth-a-scanning-1vjndq5p.png Figure 10. Illustration of crystallite growth. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of synthetic hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanocrystals. The inset shows a photograph of macroscopic natural hematite crystals. (B) Scanning electron micrograph of synthetic aragonite (CaCO3) crystals. The inset shows a photograph of macroscopic natural aragonite crystals. As natural crystals typically start off as small crystallite nuclei that grow slowly under favorable conditions (chemical environment, temperature, and pressure), the existence of such large natural crystals illustrates the thermodynamic driving force behind crystallite growth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-abundancy-of-elements-in-the-earths-crust-overview-3m690iru.png Figure 18. Abundancy of elements in the Earth’s crust. Overview of the percent abundancy of elements in the Earth’s crust. (Top right) Percentages in this pie chart add up to 100%, which corresponds with 1% of the total abundancy of elements in the Earth’s crust. (Bottom right) Percentages in this pie chart add up to 0.75% and further divides the smallest slice in the top right chart. Reprinted with permission from ref 245. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-evolution-of-number-of-scientific-2laywado.png Figure 1. Overview of the evolution of number of scientific publications for different topics. The evolution of the number of scientific publications (Web of Science online database) per year filtered by different keywords is presented. These topical keywords are the following: (●) “CO2”; (◇) “CO2” AND “atmosphere” (atmosphere); (□) “CO2 capture” (capture); (▲) “CO2 storage” (storage); (△) “CO2 utilization” OR “CO2 conversion” OR “CO2 recycling” (reuse). The time spans above the graph indicate the years with more than 50 publications/year. The jump between 1990 and 1991 can be (partially) explained by a sudden increase in the number of publications in Web of Science per year, estimated by performing a search with neutral keyword “of” (inset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-representation-of-the-superdry-re-forming-380xhcgw.png Figure 8. Schematic representation of the superdry re-forming process. In the CH4 oxidation step, Ni catalyzes the CO2 re-forming of CH4 into syngas, Fe3O4 is reduced by syngas with formation of CO2 and H2O, and carbonation of CaO yields in situ CO2 removal. Overall, CH4 is oxidized into CO2 and H2O, Fe3O4 has been reduced to Fe and CaCO3 has been formed from CaO and CO2. The CO2 reduction step consists of CaCO3 decomposition into CaO and CO2 and Fe oxidation to Fe3O4 through the reduction of CO2 into CO. Reprinted with permission from ref 159. Copyright 2016 AAAS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thermodynamics-study-gibbs-free-energy-of-reduction-2tqlwkal.png Figure 9. Thermodynamics study. Gibbs free energy of reduction by syngas (CO:H2 in a 1:1 molar ratio) as a function of the Gibbs free energy of reoxidation by CO2 for selected metal oxide pairs. The blue circle indicates the metal oxide pairs where reduction and oxidation can be considered sufficiently reversible for cyclic operation in a chemical looping redox process. Gibbs free energies were calculated at 1023 K using the reaction module in FactSage 6.4.181,182 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-thermodynamics-studies-phase-diagram-of-alkali-34h6bgcy.png Figure 16. Thermodynamics studies. Phase diagram of alkali metal oxides and their carbonates (or hydroxides) as a function of temperature and CO2 (or H2O) partial pressure: (A) Li2ZrO3; (B) Li4SiO4; (C) Na4SiO4; (D) K4SiO4. Blue lines correspond to the equilibrium between hydroxides and oxides under H2O pressure. Red lines correspond to the equilibrium between CO2 uptake and full CO2 release. Dotted lines represent solid− liquid−gas phase transformations. The gray shaded area corresponds to conditions where carbonate formation is favorable. The orange shaded area corresponds to conditions where alkali vapor is formed in case alkali metal oxides are used as such (Figure 14). The stripe-shaded area corresponds to conditions where alkali vaporization is favorable and depletion of alkali in the solid silicate occurs. Phase diagrams were calculated using the phase diagram module in FactSage 6.4.181,182 https://scispace.com/papers/2005-special-issue-on-the-relationship-between-deterministic-xzsziutuxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dag-f-with-10-nodes-with-a-consistent-ordering-and-3jrofd62.png Fig. 1. DAG-F with 10 nodes with a consistent ordering and partitioned into 4 layers K0, . . . ,K4. All source nodes are in K0. Nodes 6 and 10 are the only sink nodes. If all the functions fi correspond to addition and if the visible input is given by x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 1 then, in a consistent assignment, x5 = x6 = x7 = 2, x8 = x9 = 3, and x10 = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dag-f-with-4-nodes-and-one-loop-x1-is-the-source-2wvpgh9r.png Fig. 2. DAG-F with 4 nodes and one loop. x1 is the source variable and the functions are f2 = f3 = Id = x1, f4 = x2 · x3. https://scispace.com/papers/2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenylporphyrins-for-photodynamic-therapy-3yynsjf7r0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-the-sensitizers-5101520-t-30h4pa62.png Figure 1 Chemical structure of the sensitizers 5,10,15,20-t bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (BBr2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ic50-of-bbr2-and-tbr4-sensitizers-the-ic50-of-the-826nmod2.png Table 1 IC50 of BBr2 and TBr4 sensitizers. The IC50 of the sensitizers was calculated 24 h after treatment for colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr cells and melanoma A375 cells. For WiDr cells evaluation was also performed 48 and 72 h after treatment. The IC50 of experiments where irradiation was omitted, including HFF1 cells, is also presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-outcome-of-bbr2-and-tbr4-based-pdt-in-vitro-a-cell-35wzlz86.png Figure 3 Outcome of BBr2 and TBr4 based PDT in vitro. (A) Cell cells in apoptosis, cells in late apoptosis/necrosis and cells in necr and 72 h after treatment, respectively; 4: melanoma cells A375 an cultures, analysis performed 24 h after treatment; 1: colon adenoc Intracellular production of ROS and alteration of mitochondrial me respectively. (A, C and D) The error bars represent the standard err * represent significant differences between the respective control p https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-subcellular-localization-of-the-sensitizers-bbr2-2p7134p5.png Figure 2 Subcellular localization of the sensitizers BBr2 and TBR4 in WiDr cell line. Fluorescence microscopy images obtained with ensit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-of-xenografts-of-human-tumour-cells-the-jgjehiua.png Figure 4 Growth of xenografts of human tumour cells. The Kaplan—Meier represents the likelihood of decreased tumour growth in response to BBr2 (A) and TBr4 (B) PDT. Legend: 1: Control group; 2: Group of xenografts irradiated 24 h after administration of sensitizer; 3: Group of xenografts irradiated 48 h after administration of sensitizer; 4: Group of xenografts irradiated 72 h after administration of sensitizer. The curves represent the growth rate of xenografts in response to PDT with BBr2 (C) and TBr4 (D). The error bars represent the standard error calculated for six animals in each group. Microphotographs represent histological sections of tumours, H&E. 1: Cut of an adenocarcinoma irradiated 24 h after treatment with BBr2, histological structure in which the predominant solid pattern interrupted by areas of necrosis, 200×. 2: Cut of an adenocarcinoma irradiated 48 h after treatment with BBr2, predominant solid pattern, 40×. 3: Cut of an adenocarcinoma irradiated 72 h after treatment with BBr2, solid pattern interrupted by vast areas of necrosis, 100×. 4: Cut of an adenocarcinoma irradiated 24 h after treatment with TBr4, solid pattern and necrosis, 200×. 5: Cut of an adenocarcinoma irradiated 48 h after treatment with TBr4, acinar pattern and necrosis, 100×. 6: Cut of an adenocarcinoma irradiated 72 h after treatment with TBr4, acinar pattern and necrosis, 100×. 7: Cut of a melanoma tumour irradiated 24 h after administration of TBr4, it is possible to distinguish the solid pattern tumour invaded by extensive areas of necrosis, 100x. 8: Cut of a melanoma tumour irradiated 48 h after administration of TBr4, 200×. 9: Cut of a melanoma tumour irradiated 72 h after administration of TBr4, 100×. 10: Cut of an untreated adenocarcinoma, microacinar pattern, 100×. 11: Cut of of n https://scispace.com/papers/23-bits-optical-sensor-based-on-nonvolatile-organic-memory-48c3ljofn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-sectional-sem-image-of-dntt-transistor-memory-mphczuhp.png FIG. 1. (a) Cross sectional SEM image of DNTT transistor memory device in which the thickness of PS was estimated to be 30 nm. Inset is the schematic diagram of the device structure. Different from the real device, the top Ag layer thickness is intentionally increased from 50 nm to100 nm in the sample for SEM image. (b) Transfer I-V of DNTT transistor memory device measured in the dark. (c) Schematic band diagram of transistor device working at positive gate bias and under blue light illumination, photo excited electrons in DNTT are trapped in the traps state (dotted circle) of the PS electret under positive gate bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-a-transistor-based-optical-sensor-n30vewvb.png FIG. 4. Schematic diagram of a transistor based optical sensor device. The output drain-source current (IDS) is decided by the incident light energy (h ). Inside the lower gray box is the schematic drawing of the optical sensing and data storage mechanisms of current transistor optical memory device. Drawing along the x-axis is the operating time sequence of the device, and y-axis represents the variation of incident light intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-transfer-i-v-of-ps-dntt-device-writing-with-th100-v-2xo6k9la.png FIG. 3. (a) Transfer I-V of PS/DNTT device writing with þ100 V gate bias and different incident light intensities, the dotted line is plotted at VG¼ 60 V in Fig. 3(c). The device was erased by 150 V gate bias for 10 s after each measurement to guarantee the same starting state for each measurement. (b) Threshold voltage shift of transistor as a function of incident LED power intensity. (c) Drain-source current value at VG¼ 60 V obtained from Fig. 3(a) plotted against LED power intensity, the leftmost point represents the current measured in the dark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-absorbance-of-40-nm-dntt-thin-film-grown-on-quartz-2h09jmz4.png FIG. 2. (a) Absorbance of 40 nm DNTT thin film grown on quartz glass, inset of Fig. 2(a) shows the emission spectrum of blue and red LED light source. (b) Transfer I-V of PS/DNTT transistor memory device, 1st line is the initial state without any bias and light irradiation, 2nd line is the device erased by https://scispace.com/papers/23rd-century-surprises-long-term-dynamics-of-the-climate-and-574xtthflh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-zonal-mean-changes-to-terrestrial-vegetation-left-w1kq516w.png Fig. 5 Zonal-mean changes to terrestrial vegetation (left column) and soil carbon stocks (right column) in the five models for SSP58.5 and SSP5-3.4os scenarios (top and bottom rows, respectively). 860 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-zonal-mean-terrestrial-carbon-flux-dynamics-of-the-3fusz5v1.png Fig. 4 Zonal-mean terrestrial carbon flux dynamics of the five models under (a) the SSP5-8.5 and (b) SSP5-3.4-overshoot scenarios. 850 Positive flux represents a net carbon sink. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-global-warming-as-a-function-of-cumulative-emissions-1rkzacw4.png Fig. 3 Global warming as a function of cumulative emissions under the SSP5-8.5 (a) and SSP5-3.4-overshoot (b) scenarios. Each model is identified by a dash pattern, and the time period, broken into roughly centennial periods, are indicated by the color of the curves: historical (black), 21st century (green), 22nd century (blue), 23rd century (orange). 845 https://scispace.com/papers/3-4-aryl-1-2-3-triazol-1-yl-3-deoxythymidine-analogues-as-1rhum4dbxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cytostatic-activity-of-bvdu-and-5fdurd-against-dm-241sacyh.png Table 4. Cytostatic activity of BVDU and 5FdUrd against Dm dNK-expressing OST TK-/Dm dNK+ cells in the absence or presence of compound 14b https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inhibitory-activity-of-3-triazol-1-yl-derivatives-of-390h1two.png Table 3. Inhibitory activity of 3’-triazol-1-yl derivatives of thymidine against nucleoside kinasecatalysed phosphorylation of 1 µM [CH3-3 H]thymidine compared with thiourea 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-most-important-features-of-tk-1-and-tk-2-2syaadu8.png Table 1. The most important features of TK-1 and TK-2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-13-c-nmr-data-of-the-triazole-moieties-of-8a-8c-and-bl1znptj.png Table 2: 13 C-NMR data of the triazole moieties of 8a, 8c and 8i. https://scispace.com/papers/3-d-imaging-of-a-microwave-absorber-sample-from-microwave-55p2tlit04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reconstructed-permittivity-map-left-real-part-and-2baq1y4i.png Fig. 2. Reconstructed permittivity map - left: real part and right: imaginary part - at 18 GHz in plane cross-sections. Top: in the x = 0 mm plane, middle: in the y = 11 mm plane, bottom: in the z = 7.9 mm plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictures-of-the-anechoic-chamber-setup-and-of-the-v92f5yn9.png Fig. 1. Pictures of the anechoic chamber setup and of the target . https://scispace.com/papers/3-dof-trilateral-teleoperation-using-a-pair-of-1-dof-and-2-5f2b4vvij6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-two-port-network-with-each-port-connected-to-a-3-dof-1ypex0b8.png Fig. 3. A two-port network with each port connected to a 3-DOF termination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-insertion-procedure-3axgbknb.png Fig. 2. The insertion procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-controllers-gains-of-the-1-dof-2-dof-dual-master-n54y2359.png Table 1. The controllers gains of the 1-DOF + 2-DOF dual-master/3-DOF signal-slave teleoperation system used in simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-results-for-the-1-2-dof-dualmaster-3-dof-3sb92qb8.png Fig. 4. Simulation results for the (1+2)-DOF dualmaster/3-DOF single-slave teleoperation system. Input energy at port 1 (the masters’ port) is shown while port 2 (the slave’s port) is connected to an LTI passive termination. The control gains are listed in Table 1 for the stable case with Kpmyz = 30 and for the potentially unstable case with Kpmyz = 300. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-multiple-masters-m-dof-slave-teleoperation-system-358pzz0v.png Fig. 1. A multiple masters/m-DOF slave teleoperation system https://scispace.com/papers/3-hydroxyflavones-vs-3-hydroxyquinolinones-structure-3haty0jodm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-uv-vis-spectra-of-2-and-b-for-comparison-of-a-3n7t2zpd.png Fig. 2. (a) UV-vis spectra of 2 and (b) for comparison of a maltolato RuII(cym) complex at various pH values. (c) Absorbance values at 402 60 nm (●) and at 436 nm (○) for complex 2 and at 322 nm (■) and at 328 nm (□) for the maltolato RuII(cym) complex plotted against the pH value. (d) Concentration distribution curves of the complex 2 {ccomplex = 5 × 10 -5 M https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-vitro-anticancer-activity-of-1-13-in-ovarian-ch1-1j5weri4.png Table 1. In vitro anticancer activity of 1–13 in ovarian (CH1), colon (SW480) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uv-vis-spectra-of-ligand-b-at-various-ph-values-a-and-3nldfo0d.png Fig. 1. UV-vis spectra of ligand b at various pH values (a) and calculated individual absorbance spectra of the HL and L80 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-mixtures-of-1-a-and-12-b-with-equimolar-105h97jy.png Fig. 3. Reaction mixtures of 1’ (a) and 12’ (b) with equimolar amounts of L-cysteine analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy after 5 min show 75 https://scispace.com/papers/30-years-of-high-intensity-negative-ion-sources-for-1h12qr7us9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-examples-of-discharge-voltages-for-different-1vxczpt1.png Figure 2: The examples of discharge voltages for different conditions in SPS. (a) a discharge with noise; (b) a discharge with RF generation: (c) noiseless discharge. Vertical scale is 100 V/div; Horizontal scale is 0.2 ms/div. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-discharge-voltage-and-level-of-noise-vs-30dadyvb.png Figure 1: The discharge voltage and level of noise vs. magnetic field in SPS with Penning geometry. https://scispace.com/papers/3d-analysis-of-the-soil-porous-architecture-under-long-term-1b1hqungu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-morphological-properties-of-the-soil-porous-system-of-3ai0muxu.png Fig. 2. Morphological properties of the soil porous system of a Brazilian Rhodic Hapludox submitted to different management systems (F: secondary forest; ZT: zerotillage; CT: conventional tillage; RT: reduced tillage). (a) Porosity (P). (b) Number of pores (NP). (c) Degree of anisotropy (DA). (d) Volumetric Euler-Poincare characteristic (EPCV). (e) Euler Number (EN) of the largest pore. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tortuosity-of-the-soil-porous-system-of-a-brazilian-2d3p9g7c.png Fig. 3. Tortuosity of the soil porous system of a Brazilian Rhodic Hapludox submitted to different management systems (F: secondary forest; ZT: zero-tillage; CT: conventional tillage; RT: reduced tillage). (a) Average tortuosity (τ). (b) Tortuosity in the x direction (τx). (c) Tortuosity in the y direction (τy). (d) Tortuosity in the z direction (τz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contribution-of-the-different-pore-shapes-to-porosity-11ojex5c.png Fig. 4. Contribution of the different pore shapes to porosity for the Brazilian Rhodic Hapludox submitted to different management systems (F: secondary forest; ZT: zerotillage; CT: conventional tillage; RT: reduced tillage). (a) Pores of equant (EQ) shape. (b) Pores of prolate (PR) shape. (c) Pores of oblate (OB) shape. (d) Pores of triaxial (TR) shape. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-texture-clay-silt-sand-macroporosity-ma-3hmeoyq8.png Table 1. Texture (clay, silt, sand), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi) and organic carbon (OC) for the experimental areas under zero-tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and secondary forest (F) studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-culture-rotations-per-year-for-the-experimental-odxjfle3.png Table 2. Culture rotations per year for the experimental areas under zero-tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indices-utilized-for-the-classification-of-pores-in-3jbi8edm.png Table 3. Indices utilized for the classification of pores in terms of shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contribution-of-different-sizes-of-pores-to-the-volume-3r2i8ht7.png Fig. 5. Contribution of different sizes of pores to the volume of pores (VP) for the Brazilian Rhodic Hapludox submitted to different management systems (F: secondary forest; ZT: zero-tillage; CT: conventional tillage; RT: reduced tillage). (a) Volume of pores between 0.0004 to 0.01 mm3. (b) Volume of pores between 0.01 to 0.1 mm3. (c) Volume of pores between 0.1 to 10 mm3. (d) Volume of pores >10 mm3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-reconstruction-of-selected-soil-cores-5-0-cm-high-1j2g2810.png Fig. 1. 3D reconstruction of selected soil cores (5.0 cm high and 4.8 cm inner diameter) and pore spaces for the different management systems studied. The soil sample images were reconstructed with a resolution of 35 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/3d-collapse-of-rotating-stellar-iron-cores-in-general-1xdn3f61x5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-spectra-of-the-characteristic-gw-strain-hchar-of-ell2831w.png FIG. 4 (color). Spectra of the characteristic GW strain hchar of all models and the LIGO (optimal) rms noise curves [32]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-normalized-mode-amplitudes-am-jcmj-c0-at-jubwi2n4.png FIG. 3 (color). Normalized mode amplitudes Am jCmj=C0 at postbounce times (upper panel) and GW strains h and h along the poles (lower panel) for model E20A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-gw-strain-h-along-the-equator-for-models-s20a2b2-9oa33b5t.png FIG. 1 (color). GW strain h along the equator for models s20A2B2 and s20A1B5. We compare 2D-CFC and 3D-full-GR results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-b-is-the-density-at-bounce-the-maximum-eat483jt.png TABLE I. Summary. b is the density at bounce, the maximum characteristic GW strain hchar;max is at a distance of 10 kpc, and Egw is the energy emitted in GWs. Values for E20Apb include GW emission from late-time 3D dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-equatorial-gw-strain-h-for-a-representative-39dh5f18.png FIG. 2 (color). Equatorial GW strain h for a representative subset of the models listed in Table I. Note the generic shape of the core bounce GW signal. https://scispace.com/papers/3d-modeling-of-combined-rolling-extrusion-of-alloying-rods-16ded7noai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-change-of-average-normal-stress-along-deformation-zone-2i04onxm.png Fig. 6. Change of average normal stress along deformation zone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-diagram-of-the-required-power-of-a-drive-2xhq23ci.png Fig. 10. Variation diagram of the required power of a drive motor depending on rotation frequency of the rolls (a) and temperature of the roll (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-model-of-combined-rolling-extrusion-cre-process-1-squx04lf.png Fig. 1. 3D model of combined rolling-extrusion (CRE) process 1 — the roll with a protrusion; 2 — the roll with a groove; 3 — the die; 4 — a feedstock; 5 — the feed rolls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deformation-rate-behavior-during-cre-1-area-of-2z9up6uu.png Fig. 4. Deformation rate behavior during CRE: 1 — area of feedstock gripping; 2 — rolling area; 3 — pressing-out area; 4 — extrusion area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-rotation-frequency-of-the-rolls-a-and-1i9lf6cj.png Fig. 3. Impact of rotation frequency of the rolls (а) and temperature of the tool (b) on temperature of extruded product https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-metal-temperature-behavior-in-deformation-zone-2qgjc2a8.png Fig. 2. Metal temperature behavior in deformation zone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-graphs-of-forces-acting-on-rolls-rvy-a-and-tcio53wb.png Fig. 8. Variation graphs of forces acting on rolls РВY (a) and РВX (b) depending on rotation frequency of the rolls: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variation-graphs-of-force-rmkh-a-acting-on-die-and-cc6scweh.png Fig. 9. Variation graphs of force РМХ (a), acting on die, and moments (b) of the rotational speed of the rolls: https://scispace.com/papers/3d-modeling-and-visualization-of-non-stationary-temperature-1nmkkddwjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3d-change-in-t-of-frozen-beech-left-and-oak-right-8zk68rt6.png Figure 4 3D change in t of frozen beech (left) and oak (right) prism with dimensions 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.8 m, t0 = -40°C, and 3.0=u kg·kg-1 during their defrosting at tm = 80°C, depending on τ Slika 4. 3D promjene temperature smrznutih bukovih (lijevo) i hrastovih (desno) prizmi dimenzija 0,4 x 0,4 x 0,8 m, t0 = -40°C, i 3,0=u kg·kg-1 tijekom njihova odmrzavanja pri temperaturi tm = 80°C, u ovisnosti o τ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-change-in-t-of-frozen-beech-left-and-oak-right-1160bnmm.png Figure 5 3D change in t of frozen beech (left) and oak (right) prism with dimensions 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.8 m, t0 = -40°C, and 6.0=u kg·kg-1 during defrosting at tm = 80°C, depending on τ Slika 5. 3D promjene temperature smrznutih bukovih (lijevo) i hrastovih (desno) prizmi dimenzija 0,4 x 0,4 x 0,8 m, t0 = -40°C, i 6,0=u kg·kg-1 tijekom njihova odmrzavanja pri temperaturi tm = 80°C, u ovisnosti o τ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contour-plots-of-temperature-distribution-in-1-8-of-3rwer7o7.png Figure 6 Contour plots of temperature distribution in 1/8 of the volume of the beech prism subjected to defrosting with t0 = –40 oC and u = 0.3 kg.kg-1 after 5 h (left) and 10 h (right) heating at tm = 80 oC Slika 6. Konturni crteži raspodjele temperature u 1/8 volumena bukovih prizmi koje se odmrzavaju pri t0 = –40 oC i uz u = 0,3 kg·kg-1 nakon 5 h (lijevo) i nakon 10 h (desno) zagrijavanja na temperaturi tm = 80 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-positioning-of-nodes-in-a-3d-calculation-mesh-of-a-2e55dlxb.png Figure 1 Positioning of nodes in a 3D calculation mesh of a discretized wooden prism Slika 1. Pozicioniranje čvorova u 3D računskoj mreži u diskretiziranoj drvenoj prizmi https://scispace.com/papers/3d-shape-correspondence-by-isometry-driven-greedy-wibwe3uuwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-each-base-vertex-filled-circles-has-4-neighbors-3iscuap9.png Figure 3. Each base vertex (filled circles) has 4 neighbors (empty circles) and (si, tc) is the ground-truth correspondence. When (si, tj) is in process, Voting realizes the correspondences of the base neighbors of si (pointed by the dashed arrows) (left-bottom) and takes votes for their neighbors. Since the most voted base tc is different than tj in this case, the correspondence (si, tj) is replaced with (si, tc) after checking viso(si|tc) vs. viso(si|tj). Note that the pair (s+i , tc) is also considered next for a possible replacement with (s+i , tj), though not illustrated in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-shapes-along-with-the-spectral-embeddings-of-1uq0ee84.png Figure 2. Two shapes along with the spectral embeddings of their base vertices (left), the alignments obtained using an arbitrary permutation of the eigenvectors (left box), and using the best permutation (right box). The boxes display two different views for visual convenience. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correspondence-performances-where-v-represents-the-2wujprvy.png Table 1. Correspondence performances, where v∗ represents the error of the worst match. The patch radius r is approximately 0.1 for all cases, where r is given as normalized with respect to the maximum geodesic distance on the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correspondences-for-a-jumping-dancing-pair-left-and-2jbu0isu.png Figure 6. Correspondences for a Jumping-Dancing pair (left) and the Dog-Wolf pair (right). Bold red lines represent the worst matches w.r.t. isometry costs for each case. For the Dog-Wolf pair displayed in three different views, (Diso, v∗iso) = (0.399r, 0.848r). The normalized patch radius r is 0.11 in both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correspondences-displayed-from-two-different-views-3av7vc6o.png Figure 4. Correspondences displayed from two different views (top-bottom) for two different Jumping Man pairs (left-right). Bold green and red lines represent the worst matches w.r.t. groundtruth and isometry costs, respectively. Some other matches are also highlighted with similarly colored spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correspondences-displayed-for-two-different-dancing-2gi9ik20.png Figure 5. Correspondences displayed for two different Dancing Man pairs (left-right). Bold green and red lines represent the worst matches w.r.t. ground-truth and isometry costs, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-s-184-base-vertices-extracted-from-a-mesh-of-16k-4avq0q8w.png Figure 1. |S| = 184 base vertices extracted from a mesh of 16K vertices (left). Zoom on the leg (middle). |S| becomes 48 by simply updating r (right). Some random patches painted as well. https://scispace.com/papers/3d-trajectory-tracking-control-of-quadrotor-uav-with-on-line-hhb7a165pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frame-representation-2fctv7u7.png Figure 1. Frame representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-control-inputs-26ub0otg.png Figure 4. Control inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tracking-errors-along-the-three-axes-14c1sf8h.png Figure 3. Tracking errors along the three axes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-28u0nxkf.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-r-mfc-scheme-15wgpz3v.png Figure 2. R-MFC scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/4d-printing-with-spin-crossover-polymer-composites-47d27uagez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-3d-fabrication-setup-pevgh9gb.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the 3D fabrication setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3d-printed-sco-polymer-composite-objects-upon-heating-gq8yn4qh.png Fig. 2. 3D printed SCO-polymer composite objects. Upon heating above ca. 80 °C a reversible colour change occurs between the LS (violet) and HS (light-yellow) states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-colour-change-and-associated-bending-of-a-bimorph-1vw8hdkj.png Fig. 5. (a) Colour change and associated bending of a bimorph actuator (850 µm active layer and 150 µm inactive layer) upon the SCO. (b) Actuation cycle of a bimorph actuator (150 µm active layer and 90 µm inactive layer) upon heating and cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-images-showing-at-different-magnifications-the-26myt3ic.png Fig. 4. SEM images showing at different magnifications the interface of the neat polymer and polymer composite stacks in bimorph objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simultaneous-optical-reflectivity-thermomechanical-12hotlpb.png Fig. 3. Simultaneous optical reflectivity – thermomechanical analysis of the 3D printed SCO-polymer composite. The Young’s modulus of the pure polymer is also shown at selected temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/5g-uniform-linear-arrays-with-beamforming-and-spatial-gixap35jde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sub-array-patch-antenna-element-392a9sx6.png Fig. 5 Sub-array patch antenna element. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cdf-for-aod-and-aoa-as-at-28-ghz-and-800-mhz-2fzehdej.png Fig. 2 CDF for AOD and AOA AS at 28 GHz and 800 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-spectral-efficiency-64-ghz-mimo-ofdm-channels-51wwx47s.png Fig. 21 Spectral efficiency 64 GHz MIMO-OFDM channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-spectral-efficiency-71-ghz-mimo-ofdm-channels-317kub77.png Fig. 22 Spectral efficiency 71 GHz MIMO-OFDM channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-spectral-efficiency-28-ghz-mimo-ofdm-channels-37xgoosf.png Fig. 19 Spectral efficiency 28 GHz MIMO-OFDM channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-spectral-efficiency-37-ghz-mimo-ofdm-channels-2i4kum3w.png Fig. 20 Spectral efficiency 37 GHz MIMO OFDM channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-condition-number-of-the-channel-matrix-for-ofdm-sub-795pd0ah.png Fig. 4 Condition number of the channel matrix for OFDM sub-carriers with three transmit sub-arrays and two receive sub-arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-sub-array-element-design-parameters-1ytbgw6w.png TABLE IV SUB-ARRAY ELEMENT DESIGN PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/papers/8-13-micron-observations-of-titan-gq2r0d0s8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-surface-brightness-of-titan-as-a-function-of-1h0wlpb7.png Figure 3-1. Surface brightness of Titan as a function of wavelength. Spectrome t e r observations: f i l l e d c i r c l e s , 1/1/73 and 2/15/73. Broad-band observations: open c i r c l e s , 1/1/73; open t r i ang les , 9/29/72; open https://scispace.com/papers/5pm-secure-pattern-matching-2fmyng0m6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-subprotocol-ps-av-3j8uf2p7.png Table 9. Subprotocol πS,AV https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-subprotocol-pans-1bo74oxl.png Table 12. Subprotocol πans https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-subprotocol-pencr-t4yve94w.png Table 7. Subprotocol πencr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-ipms-operation-2ktxd4hp.png Fig. 1. Example of IPM’s operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overview-of-5pm-protocol-for-hbc-adversary-model-ohk83jpp.png Table 5. Overview of 5PM protocol for HBC adversary model, πH5PM . See Table 4 for notation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-subprotocol-pc-av-89ey9vna.png Table 8. Subprotocol πC,AV https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-previous-protocol-functionality-nb-non-3nvi7p39.png Table 1. Comparison of previous protocol functionality, NB=non-binary HBC=honest but curious, M=malicious, *=using unary encoding and additional tools, **=can be extended https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-notation-used-for-5pm-protocols-3p65ce9r.png Table 4. Notation used for 5PM protocols https://scispace.com/papers/80-years-of-aerospace-engineering-education-in-the-27hnk9tpbf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-increasing-number-of-non-dutch-students-eea-stands-for-xmjcvr13.png Fig. 4: Increasing number of non-Dutch Students - EEA stands for European Economic Area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-development-of-the-number-of-freshmen-in-the-2a7zcqsi.png Fig. 2: Development of the number of freshmen in the integrated Master (until 2005) and Bachelor students (2005 onwards) over the years. (Sources: [16] and TU Delft) https://scispace.com/papers/a-12-co-j-6-5-map-of-m82-the-significance-of-warm-molecular-2g548jftyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-m82-lvgmodel-results-2qlhta3k.png TABLE 3 M82 LVGModel Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-m82-line-strengths-1h1k9zxd.png TABLE 2 Measured M82 Line Strengths https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cobe-galactic-line-ratios-187maw23.png TABLE 1 COBE Galactic Line Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-12co-optical-depths-in-m82-120ykm7g.png TABLE 4 12CO Optical Depths in M82 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectra-of-12co-j-1-4-6-5-in-m82-the-map-has-been-o1iot7vy.png Fig. 1.—Spectra of 12CO J ¼ 6–5 in M82. The map has been rotated such that the horizontal offsets are approximately along the major axis. Offsets are in arcsec from an arbitrary center. The vertical scale ranges fromTMB of 1 to 4.5 K, and the horizontal scale ranges from 80 to 520 km s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-likelihood-curves-for-quantities-derived-from-the-lvg-1gyu7btw.png Fig. 8.—Likelihood curves for quantities derived from the LVG model parameters. The solid curves are for the southwest lobe, and the dotted curves the northeast lobe. The total average column density is the sum of the warm and cool component beam-averaged column densities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-residuals-of-the-12co-j-1-4-6-5-j-1-4-2-1-line-ratio-2hm419rp.png Fig. 10.—Residuals of the 12CO J ¼ 6–5/J ¼ 2–1 line ratio map in K km s 1. The larger errors in the southwest end of the galaxy may be due to a small pointing drift during the observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-peak-antenna-temperature-of-12co-j-1-4-6-5-inm82-22jnonbb.png Fig. 3.—Peak antenna temperature of 12CO J ¼ 6–5 inM82. Contours are forTMB of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 K. https://scispace.com/papers/a-31p-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-study-of-phosphate-levels-5g7mile9f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-31p-nmr-spectra-of-control-a-and-mycorrhizal-b-67eowcl3.png Fig. 2 31P-NMR spectra of control (A) and mycorrhizal (B) chestnut roots at different mycorrhization times: (a) 3 weeks after mycorrhizal induction; (b) 1 month after mycorrhizal induction; (c) 3 months after mycorrhizal induction. Pi, intracellular orthophosphate; polyP, polyphosphates&/fig.c: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-31p-nmr-spectra-of-the-fungus-pisolithus-1syf4v1t.png Fig. 1 31P-NMR spectra of the fungus Pisolithus tinctoriusgrown in axenic conditions with different ages: (a) 7 days, (b) 15 days and (c) 1.5 months. Pi, intracellular orthophosphate; tP, terminal phosphate; UDP-Hexose, uridine diphosphate hexose; PP, penultimate phosphate; polyP, polyphosphates&/fig.c: https://scispace.com/papers/a-3u-cubesat-to-investigate-erbium-doped-fiber-degradation-1gjscr3lj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-embedded-technique-optoelec-with-or-3iar6a4m.png Fig. 3. Comparison between embedded technique (optoelec.), with or without additive numerical post-treatment and reference measurement (optical). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-edfa-gain-regarding-the-signal-laser-average-input-1j6rhzbp.png Fig. 2. EDFA gain regarding the signal laser average input power (Ipump = 87 mA ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-optical-payload-architecture-devoted-6g3xg0t8.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the optical payload architecture devoted to gain and noise figure embedded measurement of EDFA. https://scispace.com/papers/a-32-gb-s-9-3-mw-cmos-equalizer-with-0-73-v-supply-2f2ksote8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-master-latch-with-feedforward-and-b-simulated-eye-1yf6a176.png Fig. 5. (a) Master latch with feedforward, and (b) simulated eye diagram at the summing junction of DFE loop using feedforward. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-equivalent-circuit-for-analyzing-feedforward-and-b-2k99u39j.png Fig. 6. (a) Equivalent circuit for analyzing feedforward, and (b) modified equivalent circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-equalizer-die-photograph-208untef.png Fig. 7. Equalizer die photograph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-model-to-study-nested-inductors-3qz67gwm.png Fig. 4. Simplified model to study nested inductors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ctle-and-input-stage-of-the-dfe-a-circuit-diagram-l-40-3hiq26e0.png Fig. 3. CTLE and input stage of the DFE: (a) circuit diagram (L=40 nm for all transistors) , (b) frequency response with and without mutual coupling, and (c) nesting of L1 and L2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-summary-and-comparison-to-prior-art-22db70g4.png Table 1. Performance summary and comparison to prior art https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-frequency-response-of-lossy-channel-3pd2x4gm.png Fig. 8. Measured frequency response of lossy channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measured-bathtub-curve-2w55o2f8.png Fig. 10. Measured bathtub curve. https://scispace.com/papers/a-90-nm-cmos-6-upmu-text-w-power-proportional-acoustic-2eykgkvvic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-measured-input-referred-noise-at-the-lna-output-18bjsij9.png Fig. 16 Measured input referred noise at the LNA output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-measurement-setup-top-and-chip-micrograph-bottom-with-1x465aup.png Fig. 15 Measurement setup (top) and chip micrograph (bottom) with important blocks highlighted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-measured-power-consumption-of-lna-and-of-each-band-hwu2bcz2.png Fig. 19 Measured power consumption of LNA and of each band for gain setting of 01 and 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-measured-small-signal-magnitude-response-for-lna-a-1vdtixp0.png Fig. 17 Measured small signal magnitude response for LNA (a), amplifier with LNA (b), BPF with amplifier (c) in 16th band https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-measured-large-signal-frequency-response-of-complete-l2gn5tpn.png Fig. 18 Measured large signal frequency response of complete bands for bands 3, 5, 7 and 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogram-depicting-average-usefulness-of-computed-vpgbw1fi.png Fig. 5 Histogram depicting average usefulness of computed features in exhibition background noise context for SANR of 0 dB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-amplifier-schematic-highlighting-gate-leakage-through-zcx3g719.png Fig. 8 Amplifier schematic highlighting gate leakage through the input pair https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-and-design-parameters-of-the-analog-feature-3m8bkcyf.png Fig. 7 Schematic and design parameters of the analog feature extraction block https://scispace.com/papers/a-bathymetric-chart-of-carmel-bay-california-rz8cjfl7fa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-sounding-lines-that-were-steamed-and-ktqn21zc.png Figure 3 shows the sounding lines that were steamed and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-construction-of-track-pre-lot-2e1gmbm1.png Figure 4. Construction of Track Pre; lot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-slope-correction-for-slope-angles-greater-than-2rnv7pre.png Figure 7. Slope Correction for Slope Angles Greater than 15°. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1k492oqz.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-1933-and-1971-bathymetric-surveys-23dqhvxo.png Figure 10. Comparison of 1933 and 1971 Bathymetric Surveys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sounding-lines-steamed-and-sounding-14p6rzq7.png Figure 3 shows the sounding lines that were steamed and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-is-a-sample-preplot-showing-the-ship-s-actual-10k80upr.png Figure 5 is a sample preplot showing the ship's actual https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-2k1uyde9.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-high-frequency-estimator-of-the-multivariate-3ybq2c4k2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-results-bivariate-case-m-100-monte-carlo-2w72trys.png Table 2 Simulation results: bivariate case. M=100 Monte Carlo estimates for each compared estimator are computed and the mean is reported. The Gibbs sampler runs for 5000 iterations, plus 5000 of burn-in. The RMSE is reported in parenthesis. RCov5min and RCov10min refer to the realized covariance matrix computed with, respectively, 5-minute and 10-minute returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-signature-plot-for-the-averaged-correlation-on-the-21ln3w0o.png Figure 8 Signature plot for the averaged correlation on the latent prices reconstructed through our Bayesian methodology: comparison between simulated and empirical data. The dashed line is the normalized signature plot of the correlation from empirical synchronized returns, at the frequency in seconds given by the x-axis. The dotted line is the equivalent plot for simulated data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-annualized-fees-expressed-in-basis-points-that-an-2zv9e20k.png Table 6 Annualized fees (expressed in basis points) that an investor following a volatility timing strategy would be willing to pay to employ the Bayesian integrated covariance estimator in place of the alternative estimators. The portfolio weights are obtained minimizing the conditional variance of a portfolio containing the ten stocks in our database and one-month U.S. Treasury bonds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-first-1000-seconds-of-11may-2007-for-citigroup-14kr3d8x.png Figure 6 First 1000 seconds of 11May 2007 for Citigroup (above) and Tektronix (below) log prices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-correlation-between-citigroup-and-3skx1bk8.png Figure 7 Estimated correlation between Citigroup and Tektronix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-root-mean-squared-errors-m-100-monte-3e0el14o.png Figure 2 Simulated root mean squared errors. M=100 Monte Carlo estimates for each estimator are computed. The Gibbs sampler runs for 5000 iterations, plus 5000 of burn-in. The xaxis is the index for the fifty-five parameters of the covariance matrix, starting from the ten variances. Define missing probabilities v=0.5978−1.087 ·diag( ) and noise matrix = diag([0.08,0.04,0.02,0.05,0.1,0.06,0.1,0.15,0.15,0.08]) (a) Standard: missing probabilities v and noisematrix . (b)Dispersedmissings:moredispersedmissingprobabilities 1.2130−3.4783·diag( ) and noise matrix . (c) High noise: missing probabilities v and noise matrix +0.35I. (d) High missings: missing probabilities v+0.35 and noise matrix . (e) High noise and missings: missing probabilities v+0.35 and noise matrix +0.35I. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-empirical-tests-in-the-first-column-all-the-3thhjrie.png Table 5 Empirical tests: in the first column, all the estimation methodologies with associated projection procedures are reported. In the second column, we have the test based on moments comparison, while in the last column the p-value for the χ2 test. See the text for details on the estimation methodologies, the projection procedures, and the empirical tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cpu-time-in-seconds-per-gibbs-iteration-as-function-3qvemcy2.png Table 1 CPU time in seconds per Gibbs iteration, as function of the sample size T and number of assets d. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-model-to-assess-t-2-values-and-their-changes-over-nspu8wc8me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-0-05-credible-interval-length-and-coverage-qo8473if.png Table 1. Mean 0.05-credible interval length and coverage properties (i.e. percentage of intervals containing the true value of T2) using 400 simulations for each configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recovery-assessment-in-ms-lesions-from-left-to-right-a-3uejtynq.png Fig. 2. Recovery assessment in MS lesions. From left to right: a) Minimal T2 recovered value for [m3,m0] (admissible with α = 0.05), b) Maximal T2 recovered value for the next time [m3,m6] and c) Minimal USPIO concentration CR at m0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictures-a-and-b-acquisitions-performed-without-uspio-120h93y5.png Fig. 1. Pictures a) and b): acquisitions performed without USPIO injection (so all lesions should be detected as negative). a) superposition of a T2 weighted image, the lesion segmentation mask (white patches) and the enhanced voxels (red) for the 5% level and b) the pre-post T2 relaxation map (using ML estimates). Pictures c) and d): an active patient. Same displays than for a) and b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specificity-and-sensitivity-for-a-0-05-for-different-3rqiodav.png Table 2. Specificity and sensitivity for α = 0.05 for different σ/T2/C configurations (using 200 simulations). The region-wise analysis is performed with regions of 16 voxels with C values drawn from a Cauchy density (to deviate from the chosen model) with mean 1.1 · C (C being the value for the voxel of interest) and scale parameter 10. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-semiparametric-approach-for-trend-seasonal-5gha5pjql8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-linear-model-without-interaction-lmni-with-ar-1-24mhum6o.png Table 7: Linear Model without Interaction (LMNI) with AR(1) errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-additive-model-without-interaction-amni-with-ar-1-97kl53o8.png Table 8: Additive Model without Interaction (AMNI) with AR(1) errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2nd-order-fourier-models-on-swiss-immigration-2rvx5y71.png Table 6: 2nd order Fourier models on Swiss Immigration Disaggregated Data: Root Mean Square Forecast Error (RMSFE) and Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) and prediction interval coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-2nd-order-fourier-series-with-no-interaction-linspcp1.png Figure 15: 2nd order Fourier series with no interaction: fitting and forecasts results for different models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effect-of-a-different-trend-specification-on-the-13326j2q.png Figure 12: Effect of a different trend specification on the predictions of age-specific immigration forecast with on the y-axis the average yearly number of immigrants for the predicted period (2014- 2021) and on the x-axis the age. The blue line denotes the results obtained with a linear trend, the red one with a smooth trend with 3 knots (k=4) and the green one with a smooth trend with 6 knots (k=6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aggregated-forecasts-2004-2013-with-95-prediction-2mw5wtn2.png Figure 4: Aggregated forecasts 2004-2013 with 95% prediction credible interval from the posterior predictive distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-diagnostic-plot-linear-model-without-interaction-2rj9oyqh.png Figure 21: Diagnostic Plot Linear Model without Interaction (LMNI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-diagnostic-plot-additive-model-without-interaction-mxwla61q.png Figure 22: Diagnostic Plot Additive Model without Interaction (AMNI). https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-phase-2-model-based-adaptive-design-to-optimise-2hnfvvl50k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-operating-characteristics-of-the-rule-based-and-model-1ki59pub.png Fig 3. Operating characteristics of the rule based and model based designs under the simulation scenario 1. In this scenario the simulation optimal dose is the MTD (80 mL), shown as a thick red line in panels a, c and d. Panel a shows the simulation truth (thick lines) and the prior distributions used in the model based design (dashed lines: mean prior estimate; shaded areas: 90% credible interval). Panel b shows the evolution of the estimated MTD and TED as a function of the number of patients enrolled (dashed lines: estimate in the average trial; shaded areas: 90% interval of variation across trials). Panel c shows the assigned doses for each design: the thick lines show the assigned dose in the average trial; the shaded areas show 90% intervals of variation across trials. Panel d compares the distributions of the final assigned doses for the two designs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-operating-characteristics-of-the-rule-based-and-model-3kca5ykv.png Fig 2. Operating characteristics of the rule based and model based designs under the simulation scenario 4. In this scenario the simulation optimal dose is the TED (300 mL), shown as a thick red line in panels a, c and d. Panel a shows the simulation truth (thick lines) and the prior distributions used in the model based design (dashed lines: mean prior estimate; shaded areas: 90% credible interval). Panel b shows the evolution of the estimated MTD and TED as a function of the number of patients enrolled (dashed lines: estimate in the average trial; shaded areas: 90% interval of variation across trials). Panel c shows the assigned doses for each design: the thick lines show the assigned dose in the average trial; the shaded areas show 90% intervals of variation across trials. Panel d compares the distributions of the final assigned doses for the two designs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-the-model-based-design-blue-and-the-1ue3d0vs.png Fig 1. Comparison between the model based design (blue) and the rule based design (red) across all simulation scenarios. Panel numbers correspond to the simulation scenario defined in the Methods section. In each panel, the thick lines (shaded areas) show the mean difference (95% interval of variation across trials) between the assigned doses and the simulation true optimal dose. Panels 1-4 show the results for the well-specified scenarios; panels 5-7 for the mis-specified scenarios. Note that each panel has a different y-axis range and the horizontal line shows the 0 y-axis value for reference. https://scispace.com/papers/a-better-way-to-define-and-describe-morlet-wavelets-for-time-2xowzfrq4n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-empirical-fwhm-of-the-gaussian-y-axis-used-to-otrmwbxv.png Figure 3 . The empirical FWHM of the Gaussian (y-axis) used to define complex Morlet wavelets over a range of frequencies (x-axis), defined using equations 1-2 vs. equation 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-the-presence-of-signal-non-stationarities-panel-25hksdyj.png Figure 1 . In the presence of signal non-stationarities (panel A), the “static” power spectrum from the Fourier transform can be difficult to interpret (panel B). In these cases, a time-frequency analysis (panel C) is often insightful. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-morlet-wavelets-in-the-time-domain-upper-row-2zsa7xrj.png Figure 2 . Three Morlet wavelets in the time domain (upper row) and in the frequency domain (lower row) with two frequencies and different time-frequency trade-off parameters. The argument of this paper is that reporting this parameter in terms of full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) in the time and/or frequency domains is more informative than number of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-specifying-the-wavelet-shape-in-the-akhiyezg.png Figure 4 . An example of specifying the wavelet shape in the frequency domain (top panel) and computing its inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time-domain Morlet wavelet (bottom panel). The temporal FWHM is defined using the envelope. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bio-generated-fe-iii-binding-exopolysaccharide-used-as-new-5724ds56f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-and-results-of-phenol-239seai3.png Table 1 Experimental conditions and results of phenol oxidation by H2O2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of Fe-ESP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sem-micrograph-of-purified-precipitated-fe-1ujglo9r.png Fig. 2 A: SEM micrograph of purified precipitated Fe polysaccharide obtained in water during the oxidation reaction. B: Spectral densities of samples s2 (amorphous state) and s3 (ordered state) compared to the 95% confidence level of the theoretical background noise spectrum estimated from sample s1 (outer unorganized state). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-tem-micrograph-of-a-bas-10-strain-producing-an-3thgi0ur.png Fig. 1 A: A TEM micrograph of a BAS-10 strain producing an exopolysaccharide rich in iron after fermentation in the presence of Fe(III)-citrate under anaerobic conditions (25 000¥). B: An ESEM micrograph of a BAS-10 strain that is entirely encrusted with iron deposits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ftir-spectra-of-a-purified-na-esp-fromnacmedium-b-13dmhtah.png Fig. 3 FTIR spectra of A: purified Na-ESP fromNaCmedium, B: purified Fe-ESP from FeC medium and C: precipitated Fe polysaccharide. https://scispace.com/papers/a-biocompatible-redox-mri-probe-based-on-a-mn-ii-mn-iii-xh6qsx6fsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cyclic-voltammograms-at-gce-in-0-1-m-hepes-buffer-2yh0v0v2.png Figure 2. a) Cyclic voltammograms at GCE in 0.1 M HEPES buffer pH 7.4 for 2.2 mM of TPFPP(PEG)4 (black), MnIII-3 (red) and ZnII-3 (blue); b) Plot of the peak current versus square root of scan rate for the peaks IIIa/IIIc, corresponding to MnII/MnIII for the CV of 2.2 mM MnIII-3 in 0.1 M HEPES buffer pH 7.4 at scan rates 10-100 mV s-1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-uv-vis-reduction-titration-of-0-041mm-mniii-3-51lycq9n.png Figure 3 a) UV-Vis reduction titration of 0.041mM MnIII-3 with ascorbic acid, recorded in PBS (25 ºC, pH = 7.4). Number of equivalents of ascorbic acid added: (black line) - 0; (red line) – 0.28; (light blue line) – 0.57; (light green line) – 0.85; (pink line) – 6.4; (dark green) – 11.4; (dark blue) – 25.3; b) UV-Vis spectra of the reoxidation of MnII-3 upon air exposure: (black line) – MnII-3 before exposure; (red line) – after 10 min. exposure; (blue line) after 4h exposure; (green line) complete conversion to MnIII-3 (after 24h exposure). c) UV-Vis reduction titration of 0.041mM MnIII-3 with , recorded in PBS (25 ºC, pH = 7.4). Number of equivalents of added: (black line) - 0; (red line) – 0.43; (light blue line) – 2.32; (light green line) – 7.94; (pink line) – 23.5; (dark green) – 48; d) UV-Vis spectra of the reoxidation of MnII-3 upon air https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-increasing-concentrations-the-mniii-3-2tga5n9v.png Figure 5. Effect of increasing concentrations the MnIII-3 porphyrin compound on HeLa cells viability as a function of time. HeLa cells were plated in 96-well plates at a density of 2x104 cells per well. Twenty-four hours after plating, the cells were incubated with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mM solutions of MnIII-3. Cell viability was measured after 2, 4 or 24 h using the Alamar blue assay. Cell viability is presented relative to the percentage of untreated cells (control cells) considered as 100%. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Pairwise data comparisons were performed between cell viability values obtained with each MnIII-3 concentration, as compared with the immediately precedent concentration, for each incubation period (non-significant) and between cell viability values obtained for each incubation period with MnIII-3, as compared with the immediately precedent incubation period, for each concentration (**p<0.01, *p<0.05). The significance of the results was statistically https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proton-nmrd-profiles-recorded-at-298-k-for-mniii-3-c5yqclz4.png Figure 4. Proton NMRD profiles recorded at 298 K for MnIII-3 (red ♦) and MnII-2 (black ). The curve represents the least squares fit to the data points as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-19f-nmr-of-porphyrin-1-black-spectrum-and-porphyrin-1dc2w7ov.png Figure 1. 19F NMR of porphyrin 1 (black spectrum) and porphyrin 2 (blue spectrum). https://scispace.com/papers/a-biomechanical-model-for-the-development-of-myoelectric-3kc4kmnj8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bond-graph-of-index-finger-underactuation-the-actuator-7zj5wzs8.png Fig. 4. Bond graph of index finger underactuation: The actuator is represented by a modulated effort source (MSe) element, providing torque which is distributed across the joints through junction (0, 1) and transformer (TF) elements. The capacitive (C) and resistive (R) elements represent the individual joints’ stiffness and friction, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bone-and-joint-structure-of-the-human-hand-bone-names-pgkqdtbo.png Fig. 5. Bone and joint structure of the human hand: Bone names are listed on the left, while joint names are on the right (This figure is an edited version of the original presented in [29]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-closest-point-calculation-of-two-ellipses-i-j-with-2f993p2v.png Fig. 6. Closest point calculation of two ellipses (i, j) with minimal distance ∆. Note that the perpendicular vectors g∗ are directly opposed to one another at the contact points p∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hand-opening-closing-state-machine-h-is-the-part-of-11fozcrf.png Fig. 3. Hand opening/closing state machine: H is the part of the sensing vector related to hand opening/closing, with negative values for opening and positive values for closing. The absolute value of the signal determines the force applied in the Squeeze state. States with a dashed border are exited automatically when no signal is received. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-illustrating-the-flow-of-information-1pbvtnt1.png Fig. 2. Block diagram illustrating the flow of information through the control system and model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-radii-of-model-phalange-ellipsoids-a-b-c-10vuppgp.png TABLE I AVERAGE RADII OF MODEL PHALANGE ELLIPSOIDS (a, b, c), RELATIVE TO TOTAL HAND BREADTH (a, b) AND HAND LENGTH (c) [1], [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-representing-signal-processing-from-3l8pjat2.png Fig. 1. Diagram representing signal processing from electromyographic sensing to control: Myoelectric signals are acquired and classified, leading to control signals for grasp selection and execution. These signals are then sent to the model, where they control the motions of a virtual representation of a prosthetic hand. https://scispace.com/papers/a-block-asynchronous-relaxation-method-for-graphics-4a7euk7kqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-variations-of-the-convergence-behavior-for-100-9bhll1hf.png Table V: Variations of the convergence behavior for 100 solver runs on FV3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-convergence-for-test-matrix-fv1-1lb9s6au.png Figure 5: Convergence for test matrix FV1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-average-iteration-timings-of-cpu-gpu-3g8c78z9.png Figure 16: Average iteration timings of CPU/GPU implementations depending on total iteration number, test matrix FV3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-average-iteration-timings-in-seconds-2xe65oq0.png Table VII: Average iteration timings in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-time-to-solution-for-chem97ztz-2zyygf3f.png Figure 17: Time to solution for CHEM97ZTZ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-time-to-solution-for-fv1-3wqbqfju.png Figure 18: Time to solution for FV1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-convergence-for-test-matrix-chem97ztz-1he8j7wy.png Figure 4: Convergence for test matrix CHEM97ZTZ https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-variations-of-the-convergence-behavior-for-100-k0054ruw.png Table IV: Variations of the convergence behavior for 100 solver runs on FV3. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bound-on-universal-extra-dimension-models-from-up-to-2-fb-2xyrpw8rqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constraints-from-the-combined-analysis-from-each-2u845cwy.png Figure 2: Constraints from the combined analysis from each ATLAS and CMS experiment in the heavy mass region, drawn the same as Fig. 1 with maximum UV cutoff (blue) being superimposed by the minimum UV cutoff (cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-excluded-regions-in-mkk-mh-plane-by-the-cms-bd6duq6l.png Figure 1: Excluded regions in MKK-MH plane by the CMS constraints on σ95%pp→H→WW /σ SM pp→H→WW and σ 95% https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-our-choices-of-maximum-and-minimum-upper-bounds-for-182shnjq.png Table 1: Our choices of maximum and minimum upper bounds for KK indices and for the corresponding UV cutoff scale. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cadmium-budget-for-the-lot-garonne-fluvial-system-france-jz188ge2ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-variations-in-1996-peak-discharge-and-tss-1dgesvkw.png Figure 2. Temporal variations in 1996 peak discharge and TSS concentrations for the Garonne (A–B) and Lot (C–D) rivers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1996-river-discharge-and-cadmium-flux-estimates-for-n86pf50j.png Table 5. 1996 river discharge and cadmium flux estimates for Temple (downstream Lot river), and percentage of cadmium delivered by the Lot to the Garonne river https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-a-comparison-between-measured-and-modelled-cadmium-9l91rl5n.png Table 6. A comparison between measured and modelled cadmium concentrations for each sampling sites. Parameters used for the calculation of the dissolved and particulate concentrations resulting from the dilution of the Riou-Mort cadmium input. The calculated particulate cadmium concentrations are deduced from the dilution factor due to the additional TSS fluxes along the Lot river. The calculated dissolved cadmium concentrations are deduced from the dilution factor due to the additional river discharge along the Lot river https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-and-sampling-frequencies-for-the-study-13k5kn1f.png Table 1. Location and sampling frequencies for the study sites, x and y are the coordinates in Lambert III projection, South Area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-locations-in-the-garonne-river-lot-river-2366yf2a.png Figure 1. Sampling locations in the Garonne river, Lot river, and its tributaries (Riou-Mort, Célé), and also at the Verdon (estuary mouth). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-model-of-the-cadmium-budget-for-the-lot-garonne-c1vhl8aa.png Figure 3. Box model of the cadmium budget for the Lot-Garonne study basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1996-mean-maximum-and-minimum-values-for-river-1zt4syqq.png Table 2. 1996 mean, maximum and minimum values for river discharge (m3.s−1) and TSS concentration (mg.l−1) at each sampling site https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-particulate-cadmium-concentrations-determined-at-xy1k5mcl.png Table 3. Particulate cadmium concentrations determined at each site in 1996 https://scispace.com/papers/a-calibration-procedure-for-reconfigurable-gough-stewart-1nsvcfrp6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-geometry-for-the-calibration-procedure-ej5lcltm.png Table 2. Initial geometry for the calibration procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-number-of-poses-on-mean-and-maximum-error-1225xmjn.png Fig. 8. Influence of number of poses on mean and maximum error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-convergence-graph-of-the-calibration-algorithm-a-first-3mvbxkpb.png Fig. 7. Convergence graph of the calibration algorithm: a) first calibration (18 parameters, fixed joints); b) second calibration (36 parameters, fixed and mobile joints) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-algorithm-for-the-identification-of-the-parameters-to-2nxd2uph.png Fig. 3. Algorithm for the identification of the parameters to calibrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-frame-and-double-ball-bars-for-the-calibration-of-free-27rdcwgz.png Fig. 6. Frame and double ball-bars for the calibration of Free-Hex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kinematic-scheme-of-a-gough-stewart-platform-1sqw1d7r.png Fig. 1. Kinematic scheme of a Gough-Stewart platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-definition-of-a-reference-coordinate-system-qkvclt8p.png Fig. 4. Definition of a reference coordinate system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-for-the-solution-of-forward-kinematics-ncdm3fpe.png Fig. 2. Algorithm for the solution of forward kinematics. https://scispace.com/papers/a-campaign-in-autonomous-mine-mapping-41ytn0tdo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-groundhog-a-rugged-platform-designed-to-traverse-the-37ahw9eu.png Fig. 1. Groundhog: a rugged platform designed to traverse the rough, unpredictable terrain of mine corridors, able to overcome obstacles such as fallen roof timbers, partial sidewall or roof collapses, rail tracks and deep mud. Shown here at the north portal to the Mathies mine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-field-deployments-ofgroundhog-into-34vgpiys.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF FIELD DEPLOYMENTS OFGROUNDHOG INTO THEMATHIES M INE DURING MAY AND OCTOBER2003. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-from-the-mathies-mine-the-2d-maps-are-3i86horb.png Fig. 8. Results from the Mathies Mine: The 2D maps are approximately scaled and aligned to match the orientation in Fig.6. The 3D scans are, from left to right, The roof-fall encountered 140 meters into portal 2, the fallen timber encountered 308 meters into portal 1, and the fork in the corridor encountered 200 meters into portal 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-groundhog-layout-a-laser-range-finders-b-gas-sensors-c-26h3225v.png Fig. 2. Groundhog Layout: (a) Laser Range Finders (b) Gas Sensors (c) Low-Light Camera (d) Sinkage Sensors (e) Wireless Ethernet (f) Batteries (g) Main Electronics Enclosure (CPU, Tilt, Gyro, Control Circuitry) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-from-mine-corridor-to-cost-map-a-an-image-deep-in-the-2iliutcy.png Fig. 3. From Mine Corridor to Cost Map: (a) An image, deep in the mine, taken by Groundhog’s low-light camera. (b) A 3D point cloud obtained by the laser scanner in a similar corridor. (c) The corresponding traversability map where brighter spots are easier to traverse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fallen-roof-timber-308-meters-inside-portal-1-2t0afb4t.png Fig. 7. Fallen roof timber 308 meters inside portal 1 (Photograph Courtesy PA-DEP) https://scispace.com/papers/a-case-of-depression-screening-in-schools-3rdgi6jq3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presentation-of-the-clinical-sample-in-the-research-3f8gu58s.png Figure 1. Presentation of the Clinical Sample in the Research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-selection-and-grouping-procedure-of-the-w24wrerc.png Figure 2. The selection and grouping procedure of the research sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-significance-of-differences-between-groups-with-1560dwvr.png Table 6. The Significance of Differences between Groups with respect to Levels of Depression Symptoms on the CES-D by using the one-way ANOVA https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-multiple-comparisons-between-groups-scheffe-post-hoc-1qiov22r.png Table 7. Multiple Comparisons between groups-Scheffe Post hoc Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-significance-of-differences-in-relation-to-the-os7rp6j6.png Figure 3. The Significance of Differences in Relation to the Level of Depression Symptoms on the CES-D Instrument between Clinical, Subclinical and Control Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptives-of-research-samples-ll7g7rze.png Table 5. Descriptives of Research Samples https://scispace.com/papers/a-case-study-of-applying-data-mining-to-sensor-data-for-l2m87bczb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kotsiantis-described-approach-to-data-mining-17-d7x7dyn9.png Fig. 1. Kotsiantis’ described approach to data mining [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-contextual-requirements-investigated-in-this-study-1e88825p.png TABLE I CONTEXTUAL REQUIREMENTS INVESTIGATED IN THIS STUDY https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-active-triggered-state-inactive-not-1x56lgbl.png TABLE II NUMBER OF ACTIVE/TRIGGERED STATE, INACTIVE/NOT TRIGGERED STATE, AND UNKNOWN STATE ROWS IN EACH OF THE REQUIREMENTS EXAMINED FOR A TOTAL OF 90748* ROWS IN THE DATA SET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-j48-algorithm-performance-analysis-on-runtime-data-rp6yv5vb.png Fig. 4. J48 algorithm performance analysis on runtime data over time for the requirements from Table I. Shown are the precision, recall, and f-measure of correctly identified instances in the test set (all instances in the data set after the date of the given point) from the classifier created on the training set of all instances in the data set before the date of the given point. The closer the point is to the value ‘1’, the better the performance of the classifier produced at that point on all future data (after that point) in the set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-visualization-of-j48-decision-tree-context-classifier-acqu81ht.png Fig. 3. Visualization of J48 decision tree context classifier produced for CR2 at point 18 from the time-series analysis described in Section III-D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-of-combined-actigraphy-for-all-four-rowers-332h4w8c.png Fig. 2. Graph of combined actigraphy for all four rowers demonstrating examples of (A) normal rowing behaviour in shifts by teams of two rowers at a time, (B) on sea anchor resting context, and (C) on sea anchor active context. https://scispace.com/papers/a-case-study-on-the-use-of-gamification-in-the-flipped-51p4kpxnny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-systhematic-literature-review-steps-2xzobffj.png Figure 1. Systhematic literature Review steps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-adjustment-of-the-tel-methods-referred-in-the-adulet-2yilldjy.png TABLE I. ADJUSTMENT OF THE TEL METHODS REFERRED IN THE ADULET PLATFORM https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-platform-functionalities-1occdgyy.png TABLE II. PLATFORM FUNCTIONALITIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphic-chart-of-the-students-perception-according-15uw9p74.png Figure 2. Graphic Chart of the students’ perception according to the items items (i) to (vii) https://scispace.com/papers/a-case-study-on-the-use-of-scale-separation-based-analytic-1x8ktm28hk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-averaged-simulated-log-likelihood-landscapes-for-a-b-174frikc.png FIG. 2: Averaged simulated log-likelihood landscapes for (a, b) = (20, 2.5) and γ = 100. Landscapes for single time-courses (left) are shown with contour lines drawn at intervals of 1 unit; contours for landscapes obtained from 20 time-courses (right) are drawn at intervals of 10 units. The averaged log-likelihood landscapes generated using a single time-course for the zeroth-order propagator, Eq. (2), (A), the uniform propagator, Eq. (3), (B), and a finite state projection approximation (C) for a single time-course each display a bias of the MLE with respect to the true model parameters (a∗, b∗). Notably, the landscape of the uniform propagator (B) shows distortions arising from non-physical transition probabilities for some parameter pairs (a, b). As the number of trajectories is increased to 20, the MLE converges to (a∗, b∗) for each of the zeroth-order propagator (D), uniform propagator (E), and the finite state projection (F). The averaged log-likelihood resulting from the finite state projection seems to be most tightly-peaked around the true parameter values (a∗, b∗). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-averaged-log-likelihood-landscape-of-a-b-for-g-1gpwp6eq.png FIG. 3: A. The averaged log-likelihood landscape of (a, b) for γ = 10 of the uniform propagator Pn|n0 shows prominent distortions in the contours caused by frequent non-computable transitions. The MLE (cyan) exhibits an obvious bias with respect to the true model parameters (a∗, b∗) (black). B. Inspection of a single time-course (shown on top), evaluated at (a∗, b∗) and at the MLE (bottom), reveals more non-computable transitions (indicated with white boxes below) for the MLE than for the true parameters; however, for those points that can be computed, the MLE probability is higher than for the true parameters, leading to a higher averaged probability and thus to a biased estimate of the parameters (a, b). C. Transition probability in regime I, with (a, b) = (20, 2.5). The transition marked with arrows in (B), from 55 to 57 molecules, results in a negative transition probability. D. The transition matrix for the uniform propagator in regime I from n(t) to n(t+∆t) proteins reveals a large region of non-computable transitions, shown in gray. E. The computability score C(a, b) shows that the MLE is biased towards the region with the lowest computability, for which most transitions are omitted from the averaged log-likelihood score L̄(a, b). F. By contrast, the transition matrix is fully computable in regime II, with (a, b) = (0.5, 100), corresponding to the region of bursty protein synthesis, i.e., to translational bursting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-two-stage-model-for-gene-expression-which-2m97lkog.png FIG. 1: A. The two-stage model for gene expression, which captures stochastic birth and death of mRNA and protein, with non-dimensionalized parameters a for transcription, b for translation, and γ for mRNA degradation. B. Time-courses were simulated using the stochastic simulation algorithm, shown here for a = 20, b = 2.5, and γ = 10 or γ = 100. Probabilities can be computed for each protein transition from the analytical two-stage propagators given in Eqs. (2) and (9) (inset, probability distributions shown in gray). C. Analytical propagators can be used to compute the probability of observing a particular number of protein molecules at arbitrary points in time, conditional on the initial conditions. The prediction from the uniform propagator, Eq. (3) (blue background), shows good qualitative agreement with stochastic simulation (gray lines), as illustrated for γ = 10 here. https://scispace.com/papers/a-catalog-of-galaxies-in-the-direction-of-the-perseus-1tq3twvzis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-separation-between-galaxy-and-starlike-sources-the-wv5f9sy1.png Figure 3. Separation between galaxy- and starlike sources. The figure shows the SEXTRACTOR parameters CLASS_STAR plotted vs. mV ,0,max for detected model galaxies (colored dots) and nonartificial sources (gray dots). Low CLASS_STAR values indicate extended galaxy-like sources, and high values denote compact starlike sources. Here μV,0,max denotes the maximal surface brightness measured by SExtractor, and má ñV ,0 50 corresponds to the intrinsic surface brightness of the models, according to which they are color-coded. The top panel shows the resulting detection from the SEXTRACTOR run with DT1=1.3σ, and the bottom panel shows additional detections from the SEXTRACTOR DT2=0.8σ run, which were not detected with the DT1 setting. The dashed lines indicate the CLASS_STAR parameter cuts below which we considered the detected sources for our catalog. The cuts correspond to CLASS_STAR 0.3 for sources with μV,0,max 20 mag arcsec−2 and CLASS_STAR 0.8 for sources with μV,0,max<20 mag arcsec−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-the-working-sample-based-on-sextractor-2nynkixe.png Table 3 Definition of the Working Sample Based on SEXTRACTOR Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-morphological-classification-of-our-working-sample-24j6g667.png Table 5 Morphological Classification of Our Working Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-perseus-cluster-de-etg-candidates-for-each-5e8j8w1d.png Figure 7. Perseus cluster dE/ETG candidates. For each candidate, we show the Subaru r-band image in the top panel and the (g−r)0 color map in the bottom panel. The scale bar in each r-band image corresponds to a length of 10″. The color bar at the bottom of the figure indicates the (g−r)0 values shown in the color maps. The candidates displayed in the fifth through eighth panels in the bottom row have MV,0<−18 mag, whereas the other candidates in the figure are fainter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-excerpt-of-the-pcc-containing-5437-morphologically-2abiivxf.png Table 6 Excerpt of the PCC Containing 5437 Morphologically Classified Sources in the Direction of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-new-ultradiffuse-galaxy-candidates-the-top-panels-1ulkkzpd.png Figure 16. New ultradiffuse galaxy candidates. The top panels show candidates PCC 2262 (left) and PCC 4017 (right) in the Subaru r-band data. In the top right panel, we additionally subtracted a SEXTRACTOR-generated background map with a BACK_SIZE of 45 pixels in order to reveal the candidate in the extended halo of a bright neighbor galaxy. The bottom panels show both candidates in the WHT V-band data. The width of each panel corresponds to 38″. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-completeness-estimate-based-on-the-detection-of-1m2v47j1.png Figure 4. Completeness estimate based on the detection of model galaxies in the WHT V-band mosaic. The plots show the detection fractions (DF) of detected-toinserted model galaxies as a function of model input parameters. In total, 8015 models were inserted into 101 copies of the mosaic. The first row displays the completeness achieved with the SEXTRACTOR source detection. The second row illustrates the completeness after having applied the rejection criteria to define our working sample (see Sections 3.1 and 3.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-uncertainty-estimate-for-petrosian-mv-0-r50-and-ma-enditbsn.png Figure 17. Uncertainty estimate for Petrosian MV,0, r50, and má ñV ,0 50 based on a comparison of intrinsic to measured parameters of a set of model galaxies inserted into the WHT V-band data. The red dots correspond to the mean offset between intrinsic (in) and measured (out) parameters at a given surface brightness. The gray error bars indicate the average scatter of the measured parameters in the respective surface brightness bin. https://scispace.com/papers/a-causal-study-of-bumetanide-on-a-marker-of-excitatory-15a8bmwpdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-paradigm-participants-took-part-in-a-3m738hzp.png Figure 1. Experimental paradigm. Participants took part in a double-blind crossover study to test the effects of bumetanide, a drug thought to alter GABAergic action, on binocular rivalry, a noninvasive marker of excitatory-inhibitory balance in visual cortex. After an initial study visit (Day 1; see Materials and Methods), participants returned for two experimental testing days (Day 2 and Day 3). On each experimental day, participants were administered either a placebo or the drug. After waiting for drug absorption, participants completed binocular rivalry and control rivalry replay trials, so that the effect of bumetanide on rivalry dynamics could be assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-test-retest-reliability-of-rivalry-dynamics-2dyzjzd3.png Figure 3. High test-retest reliability of rivalry dynamics. Individual rivalry dynamics were stable across bumetanide and placebo days (Rs = 0.657, p = 0.002). For example, a fast rivaler on Day 2 remained a fast rivaler on Day 3 relative to the group. Dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval of the regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-a-no-effect-of-bumetanide-a8qhjmf6.png Figure 2. Experimental results. a) No effect of bumetanide administration was found on perceptual suppression (Z = -1.634, p = 0.10, r = 0.367), although this effect trended in the opposite direction as predicted. (top) This trend was driven by less time in dominant percepts (Z = -2.315, p = 0.021, r = 0.518); (bottom) no differences in mixed percept durations were observed (Z = -0.597, p = 0.55, r = 1.133). b) No effect on switch-rate was observed (Z = -0.28, p = 0.779, r = 0.062). https://scispace.com/papers/a-century-of-change-in-glaucous-winged-gull-larus-w54ew8eb9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-locations-of-glaucous-winged-gull-colonies-used-2ecdvf1d.png FIGURE 1. The locations of Glaucous-winged Gull colonies used to estimate population trends (1900–2010, noncontinuous data) in the Georgia Basin, British Columbia, Canada. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trends-in-colony-counts-of-glaucous-winged-gulls-in-3q40hyte.png FIGURE 2. Trends in colony counts of Glaucous-winged Gulls in the Georgia Basin, British Columbia, Canada, 1900–2010. Colony counts are log-transformed as loge(x þ 1) to allow plotting of 0- counts. Hollow points indicate counts of pairs or nests at 87 locations. Thick hollow points along the trend line indicate mean colony counts with 95% confidence intervals (thin lines) predicted from a Generalized Additive Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-glaucous-winged-gull-population-growth-rate-kggj9eho.png FIGURE 4. Glaucous-winged Gull population growth rate trajectory derived from counts at breeding colonies (hollow points) compared with population trajectories derived from population modeling (solid points) under 4 scenarios of increasing complexity: (A) Decline in clutch size only; (B) Decline in clutch size and nesting success; (C) Decline in clutch size and nesting success, and survival to 1 yr, and (D) Decline in clutch size and nesting success, plus inclusion of additive eagle mortality on eggs and chicks based on scaled eagle abundance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demographic-vital-rates-used-in-modeling-analyses-2q9ktym8.png FIGURE 3. Demographic vital rates used in modeling analyses to construct population trajectories of Glaucous-winged Gulls in the Georgia Basin, British Columbia, Canada, 1900 to 2010. (A) Clutch size (CS), the number of eggs laid. (B) Nesting success (NS), the proportion of eggs that hatch and survive through the chick stage to fledging. (C) Bald Eagle counts, the number of eagles observed during the Christmas Bird Count for British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA. The solid lines indicate interpolated values used in matrix population models. https://scispace.com/papers/a-ceramic-capacitive-pressure-microsensor-with-screen-53l707mr1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-ceramic-substrate-material-properties-26-10n5cwss.png Table 2.1 Ceramic Substrate Material Properties [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-ceramic-microfabrication-material-properties-31-33-9l2p41eq.png Table 2.2 Ceramic Microfabrication Material Properties [31-33]. https://scispace.com/papers/a-century-old-debate-on-protein-aggregation-and-2bqxvlhpgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-disease-and-fibril-formation-may-have-a-common-29qty11m.png Figure 3 | Disease and fibril formation may have a common cause. A number of factors have been proposed to trigger protein oligomerization (protofibril formation) and disease. Whether protofibrillar aggregates are the cause of disease is uncertain, but circumstantial evidence supports a pathogenic role for these structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fibrillar-deposits-are-not-quantitatively-1z8q07gj.png Figure 2 | Fibrillar deposits are not quantitatively correlated with disease. There is a qualitative, but not quantitative, correlation between fibrillar deposits and disease. One perturbation initiates both fibril formation and disease (lightning bolt), although the agent responsible for this is unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-better-diagnosis-and-presymptomatic-treatment-would-4leaswpq.png Figure 4 | Better diagnosis and presymptomatic treatment would drastically reduce the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. a, A diagram showing the loss of functional neurons over time that is characteristic of AD. Clinical diagnosis occurs when the disease is well underway, as symptoms do not become obvious until considerable neurodegeneration has occurred. b, A drug that slowed disease progression/neuronal loss, if started at clinical diagnosis, would have a significant effect on the impact of disease. c, If the same drug could be administered presymptomatically to patients diagnosed by, for example, imaging methods, the disease might not progress to the point at which symptoms become obvious. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fibril-formation-and-disease-are-linked-two-1xd3osg1.png Figure 1 | Fibril formation and disease are linked. Two mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the correlation between neurodegenerative disease and fibrillar-protein deposits in the postmortem diseased brain. a, Hypothesis one: human neurodegenerative disease causes fibrillar deposits, but protein aggregation has no causal role. b, Hypothesis two: fibrillar protein deposits cause neurodegenerative disease. The tissue image is from an AD brain and shows an amyloid plaque surrounded by intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cfd-study-of-flow-quantities-and-heat-transfer-by-changing-22rnwveruv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mean-velocity-streamlines-for-non-square-pitch-1l53srik.png Figure 12: Mean velocity streamlines for non-square pitch ratios at a constant transvers distance using the EB k-ɛ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mean-nusselt-number-distributions-around-the-27adzy5i.png Figure 13: Mean Nusselt number distributions around the central tube using the EB k-ɛ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-comparison-between-experimental-data-of-fitz-4jrpy64u.png Figure 15: A comparison between experimental data of Fitz-Hugh (1937) and predicted results by the EB k-ε model for 3D pitch square ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-comparison-between-2d-urans-and-les-of-afgan-2007-2edjaqhs.png Figure 4: A comparison between 2D URANS and LES of Afgan (2007) using mean velocity streamlines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-normalized-pressure-coefficient-around-the-77ky4nj1.png Figure 5: The normalized pressure coefficient around the central tube in square in-line tube bundle using URANS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-normalized-pressure-coefficient-cp-around-the-4lie62a6.png Figure 6: The normalized pressure coefficient (Cp) around the central tube in non-square in-line tube bundle using 2D unsteady EB k-ɛ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-averaged-velocity-profile-at-the-wake-of-the-37erl63x.png Figure 8: Time-averaged velocity profile at the wake of the central tube for 2D non-square configurations at constant longitudinal distance using unsteady EB k-ɛ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-averaged-velocity-profile-at-the-wake-of-the-1yud4mmk.png Figure 7: Time-averaged velocity profile at the wake of the central column for unsteady, 2D and 3D square configurations. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cfd-study-on-the-mechanisms-which-cause-cavitation-in-3i4xxo7v7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-flow-adjustable-pressure-drop-for-inlet-and-2arw525i.png Figure 5: Mass flow adjustable pressure drop for inlet and outlet boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-udf-interacts-with-the-rans-solver-to-govern-the-758fd94h.png Figure 6. A UDF interacts with the RANS solver to govern the valves lift and the moving mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-inlet-valve-seat-gap-volume-mean-dynamic-pressure-ukqrf5f3.png Figure 11. Inlet valve-seat gap volume mean dynamic pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-inlet-a-and-outlet-b-mass-flow-time-histories-case-19johjyz.png Figure 12. Inlet (a) and outlet (b) mass flow-time histories, case 1 to 4. The theory curve is calculated as the positive displacement volume times the density of water at standard condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-inlet-valve-seat-gap-volume-mean-flow-velocity-1um5ag15.png Figure 10. Inlet valve-seat gap volume mean flow velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solver-settings-1oohctxi.png Table 1. Solver settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-boundary-conditions-summary-3ps1s2s1.png Table 2. Boundary conditions summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plunger-surfaces-mean-vapour-fraction-case-1-to-4-n4mvvr97.png Figure 9. Plunger surfaces mean vapour fraction, case 1 to 4. https://scispace.com/papers/a-circuit-theory-of-protein-structure-2cwqw7732v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-synthesized-circuit-for-z-s-18s3-224s2-457s-10-s2-11fl1sfp.png Figure 4. (a) Synthesized circuit for Z(s) = (18s3 + 224s2 + 457s + 10) / (s2 + 4s + 0.06) (b) Corresponding protein shape with secondary and partial tertiary structure (helix pair) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-secondary-structure-modeling-parameters-jtcitfmo.png Table 1. Secondary structure modeling parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equivalence-of-protein-secondary-elements-to-r-l-c-x22br0vl.png Figure 1. Equivalence of protein secondary elements to R, L, C, and M https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tertiary-structure-modeling-parameters-1pgoqadz.png Table 2. Tertiary structure modeling parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-protein-circuit-for-thioredoxin-tertiary-elements-3lkp1odf.png Figure 2. 'Protein circuit' for thioredoxin (tertiary elements/effects are in dashed lines) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-secondary-and-tertiary-circuit-impedance-393ts9g0.png Figure 3. Secondary and tertiary circuit impedance characteristics for Thioredoxin https://scispace.com/papers/a-chemiresistor-sensor-based-on-a-cobalt-salen-2hsskg4tss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-comparison-of-the-results-obtained-with-23044rf0.png Table 2 Statistical comparison of the results obtained with the chemiresistor and commercial O2 sensors for the determination of dissolved oxygen. (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-transient-responses-of-the-oxygen-sensor-in-a-kcl-14n70mnr.png Fig. 7. (A) Transient responses of the oxygen sensor in a KCl solution at a fixed frequency of 0.5 Hz as a function of time. Applied potential = -0.20 V vs. SCE. (B) Response and recovery time under O2 (41.1 mg L−1) and N2. t=25 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cyclic-voltammetric-response-obtained-for-the-platinum-1scms3vb.png Fig. 1. Cyclic voltammetric response obtained for the platinum electrode coated with the metallopolymer in a 0.5 mol L−1 KCl solution: (a) in the absence of oxygen (black line); (b) under oxygen saturation conditions (red line). Scan rate= 5mV s−1. t=25 °C. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-obtained-by-fitting-the-electrochemical-1p7u7dhj.png Table 1 Parameters obtained by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectra of the chemiresistor material in the absence and presence of dissolved oxygen (41.1 mg L−1) to the equivalent circuits in Fig. 2B1 and 2B2, respectively. t=25 °C. The errors of the fits are less than 5%. RΩ =33.8Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-phase-angle-bode-diagram-of-the-metallopolymer-15uvpj9s.png Fig. 3. The phase angle (Bode diagram) of the metallopolymer sensor in 0.5 mol L−1 KCl solution under nitrogen (black circle) and oxygen (red cycle) saturation conditions at an applied potential of −0.2 V vs. SCE. t=25 °C. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a1-and-a2-nyquist-impedance-diagrams-for-the-1kjxfphx.png Fig. 2. (A1) and (A2) Nyquist impedance diagrams for the metallopolymer sensor in a 0.5 mol L−1 KCl solution saturated with N2 ( ) and O2 ( ) at an applied potential of −0.20 V vs. SCE (25 °C). The equivalent electrical circuits used to fit the complex plane impedance spectra in the absence and presence of oxygen are presented in (B1) and (B2), respectively. [O2]= 41.1mg L−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5b-shows-the-resistive-response-curve-of-the-2se77btf.png Fig. 5B shows the resistive response curve of the metallopolymer sensor at 0.5 Hz in the oxygen concentration range of 2.72mg L−1 to 40.9 mg L−1 with detection limit of 0.55mg L−1. Each data point indicates the average response of three measurements of the same chemiresistor material. The sensor response is represented by Eq. (4): https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-sensor-response-absolute-impedance-magnitude-at-1-0-396yn0xo.png Fig. 4. (A) Sensor response (absolute impedance magnitude at 1.0 Hz) as a function of the pH. The error bars represent the standard deviation from three separate experiments using the same sensor. (B) Influence of the pH on the phase angle (Bode diagram) of the metallopolymer sensor in a 0.5 mol L−1 KCl solution (pH 1.0 – 7.0) saturated with O2 (41.1 mg L−1) at an applied potential https://scispace.com/papers/a-closed-form-solution-to-a-model-of-two-sided-partial-3ao2rlr663 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-consumption-and-savings-gmhlwvkx.png TABLE 1. Optimal consumption and savings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-saving-rates-and-limits-of-transfer-intervals-as-12dlb11f.png TABLE 2. Saving rates and limits of transfer intervals as functions of λ https://scispace.com/papers/a-closer-look-at-chaotic-advection-in-the-stratosphere-part-2jp7yvyr8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vs-time-for-dy-5-0-002-and-dy-5-0-01-z0-5-1000-m-2s-x-2gvas6ot.png FIG. 4. vs time for dy 5 0.002 and dy 5 0.01. z0 5 1000 m.2s x https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-l-t-5-50-d-vs-z0-32uck38x.png FIG. 12. ^l& (t 5 50 d) vs z0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-l-t-5-50-d-vs-dy-on-log-log-axes-z0-5-250-m-13t21kvy.png FIG. 13. ^l& (t 5 50 d) vs dy on log–log axes. z0 5 250 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transport-fluxes-for-z0-5-1000-m-and-an-initial-3s72gxf8.png FIG. 5. Transport fluxes for z0 5 1000 m and an initial particle distribution between 208 and 358N. Positive fluxes are northward at the northern boundary and southward at the southern boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-spatial-resolution-on-p-l-at-50-days-a-1jtg7ux3.png FIG. 11. Effect of spatial resolution on P(l ) at 50 days. (a) Stationary forcing, z0 5 1000 m; (b) strong stochastic forcing, z0 5 250 m and dy 5 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-evolution-of-p-l-for-strong-stochastic-forcing-25rg2e8l.png FIG. 10. Time evolution of P(l ) for strong stochastic forcing (z0 5 250 m, dy 5 0.05). The corresponding normal distribution at 50 days is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-p-l-at-50-days-for-basic-states-with-doubled-and-3ei4dk1n.png FIG. 9. P(l ) at 50 days for basic states with doubled and halved shear. u0 refers to the initial velocity of the zonal jet [see Part I, Eq. (1)]; z0 5 1000 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-l-t-5-30-d-vs-u-fig-19-p-l-at-30-days-using-1xs811nt.png FIG. 21. ^l& (t 5 30 d) vs u.FIG. 19. P(l ) at 30 days using isentropic winds from CMAM. https://scispace.com/papers/a-closed-loop-musculoskeletal-model-of-postural-coordination-lfkgllajvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-identified-spindle-gains-and-standard-deviation-25osirya.png TABLE I IDENTIFIED SPINDLE GAINS AND STANDARD DEVIATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-general-block-diagram-of-the-musculoskeletal-postural-12f4nluf.png Fig. 8. General block diagram of the musculoskeletal postural coordination model. Input Xd is the prescribed head position on X axis, which is measured onto the subject. PD represent a neural controller to track the target, Uss is the supraspinal neural signal, the output is the joint position θ. The reflex loops on joint positions and velocities (provided via spindles) and on torque (GTO) change the Uss control signal, and hence modify muscle stiffness. The muscle group block is described on Fig. 7. θ0 and θ̇0 are quiet stance values, θ=(π/2, 0)T and θ̇0 = (0, 0)T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-identified-model-simulation-results-color-and-actual-1bwkbabv.png Fig. 11. Identified model simulation results (color) and actual data (black line). f = 0.65Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-identified-model-simulation-results-color-and-actual-3baxfu7t.png Fig. 10. Identified model simulation results (color) and actual data (black line). f = 0.4Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-identified-model-simulation-results-color-and-actual-1k9k06ca.png Fig. 9. Identified model simulation results (color) and actual data (black line). f = 0.2Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-device-physical-target-moved-by-a-linear-lubvu3h7.png Fig. 1. Experimental device. Physical target moved by a linear motor, force plate and motion capture device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-human-experimental-results-a-ankle-hip-1g4rcnsq.png Fig. 4. Typical human experimental results. (a) Ankle/hip relative phase, showing a transition frequency around 0.4Hz (b) Peak to peak joint positions. (c) Estimation of joint torque amplitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-human-typical-experiments-at-0-6hz-coordinative-anti-31shnfee.png Fig. 3. Human typical experiments at 0.6Hz. Coordinative anti-phase displacement of the ankle and the hip. The hip amplitude is larger than the ankle one. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cnn-approach-for-audio-classification-in-construction-3gbcfm5njk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-fold-cross-validation-classification-results-in-b269n6ym.png Table 2. 5-Fold cross validation classification results (in %). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overall-classification-accuracy-according-to-different-1d4ds7h5.png Fig. 3. Overall classification accuracy according to different sample sizes of the audio frames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-proposed-dcnn-architecture-28cdbwwq.png Table 1. Parameters of the proposed DCNN architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overall-accuracy-obtained-on-the-test-set-3j3sh7vl.png Fig. 4. Overall accuracy obtained on the test set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-the-proposed-architecture-93rsyi2a.png Fig. 1. Graphical representation of the proposed architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-confusion-matrix-obtained-by-the-proposed-approach-1km2x2s5.png Fig. 5. Confusion matrix obtained by the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-averaged-results-of-compared-classifiers-in-1djqbwe4.png Table 3. Averaged results of compared classifiers (in %). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-log-mel-spectrogram-extracted-from-a-23vk8nny.png Fig. 2. Example of a log-mel spectrogram extracted from a fragment along with its derivative. On the abscissa we find the time buckets, each of which representing a sample about 23 ms long, while on the ordinates the log-mel bands. Since our fragments are 30 ms long, the spectrogram we extract will contain 2 buckets. https://scispace.com/papers/a-coding-theory-foundation-for-the-analysis-of-general-4lhswld39y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generalised-scheme-366kb29g.png Figure 3: Generalised Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-linear-combination-scheme-vfn7xrn3.png Figure 6: Linear Combination Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modified-shacham-waters-scheme-23yfzeql.png Figure 7: Modified Shacham-Waters Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-scheme-8ctohz8i.png Figure 1: Basic Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-extractor-for-the-modified-shacham-waters-scheme-1cefm0vh.png Figure 8: Extractor for the Modified Shacham-Waters Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outcomes-of-hypothesis-testing-for-a-range-of-1bpw840d.png Table 2: Outcomes of hypothesis testing for a range of responses. The columns headed by values of α contain a tick if H0 is rejected at the corresponding significance level, and a cross otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-extractor-for-the-basic-scheme-1q5c8ibq.png Figure 2: Extractor for the Basic Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-notation-used-in-this-paper-2rub78bg.png Table 3: Notation used in this paper https://scispace.com/papers/a-cognitive-computation-fallacy-cognition-computations-and-gstui54ogh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-turings-discrete-3-state-wheel-machine-qplshlnc.png Fig. 1 Turing’s discrete 3-state wheel machine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-three-state-fsa-with-simple-input-2lqqnxz3.png Table 2 Three-state FSA with simple input https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mapping-a-25rsbotz.png Table 4 Mapping A https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-circuit-behaviour-30xba26h.png Table 3 Circuit behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mapping-b-13c9osup.png Table 5 Mapping B https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-state-input-less-fsa-1uldsnr1.png Table 1 Three-state input-less FSA https://scispace.com/papers/a-co-simulation-approach-for-system-level-analysis-of-29c6cjdjba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-quality-evaluation-by-co-simulation-of-matlab-hwoov3ig.png Fig. 4. Control quality evaluation by co-simulation of Matlab/Simulink and a SystemC-based virtual prototype. The coupling is achieved via an S-function that synchronizes the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-view-of-the-proposed-co-simulation-which-22kzzh0q.png Fig. 5. A schematic view of the proposed co-simulation which follows the generic continuous/discrete synchronization model introduced in [23]. The Matlab/Simulink simulator solves the plant model at each simulation step. For each sampling time τi, the Matlab/Simulink simulation delivers the system state x(τi) and forwards it to the virtual prototype simulated in SystemC. The virtual prototype updates the control vector u(τi) and determines the delay di which are forwarded back to the Matlab/Simulink simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-simplified-vehicle-model-based-on-the-quarter-car-e0u96b8t.png Fig. 6. A simplified vehicle model based on the Quarter Car Model [24] is used here as the plant. This model assumes the vehicle has four identical wheels and the surface conditions of road stay static. The co-simulation begins with 50m/s as the initial velocity of the vehicle, followed by a full brake. The vehicle runs on wet road surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-brake-by-wire-system-is-mapped-to-two-different-irqjfkv3.png Fig. 8. The Brake-by-Wire system is mapped to two different architectures comprising of a FlexRay bus and seven ECUs or a CAN bus and five ECUs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-executable-actor-based-specification-of-the-brake-1dg9fqz6.png Fig. 7. The executable actor-based specification of the brake-by-wire system. The two main actors M1, M2 (redundant modeling) are responsible for computing candidate brake force and force feedback values, respectively. The final values applied to the four individual wheels are selected by a voter V actor. The four wheel actors RL, RR, FL, FR compute corrected brake forces to satisfy the ABS functionality. Sensors S1-S4 monitor wheel speeds and actuators A1-A4 apply brake forces to the wheels. The force applied to the brake pedal and its position are sampled via P1, P2. Actuator F applies the feedback force to the brake pedal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-selected-system-implementations-for-the-brake-by-ps5q841x.png TABLE I SELECTED SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR THE BRAKE-BY-WIRE USE CASE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evaluation-of-the-wheel-rotational-speed-over-time-s-3qyr9ukt.png Fig. 9. Evaluation of the wheel rotational speed over time [s] using cosimulation to highlight the ABS functionality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-during-system-design-at-esl-a-behavioral-model-termed-2a1k32sx.png Fig. 1. During system design at ESL, a behavioral model termed executable specification and a component library are transformed to an exploration model. This model is employed during Design Space Exploration (DSE) to synthesize implementation candidates and evaluate them to quantify design objectives and investigate design constraints. DSE delivers a set of highquality implementation candidates from which the designer choses the best trade-off as the system-level implementation for subsequent design phases. https://scispace.com/papers/a-collective-topic-model-for-milestone-paper-discovery-38yw043th7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-perplexity-over-different-k-for-our-model-1ldisckz.png Figure 2: The perplexity over different k for our model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-used-in-our-collective-model-17p3jzon.png Table 1: Notations used in our collective model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-collective-topic-model-2ss7ou41.png Figure 1: Overview of our collective topic model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-topic-milestone-papers-top-10-papers-for-sentiment-riuw03tb.png Table 2: Topic milestone papers (top-10 papers) for Sentiment Analysis from [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-topic-milestone-papers-top-10-papers-for-sentiment-3nbij867.png Table 3: Topic milestone papers (top-10 papers) for Sentiment Analysis in our collective model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-milestone-papers-top-10-for-acl-in-our-collective-1ssobins.png Table 4: Milestone papers (top-10) for ACL in our collective model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-author-milestone-papers-top-10-for-the-author-bo-2exvsx5y.png Table 5: Author milestone papers (top-10) for the author Bo Pang. https://scispace.com/papers/a-combined-experimental-and-theoretical-investigation-of-cs-11kp34nc85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-between-satellite-and-the-main-peak-for-he-n-2kpvja15.png FIG. 4. Ratio between satellite and the main peak for He+N from N = 33–59 (black) and for HeNCs+ ions with N between 0 and 26 (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-minimum-energy-structures-obtained-with-the-bh-method-puxucoau.png FIG. 6. Minimum energy structures obtained with the BH method for the He17Cs+ and He20Cs+ cases. These are the optimum and maximum packing structures, respectively, marked in Fig. 5 with the vertical arrow (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energies-for-the-hencs-clusters-with-n-between-1-and-1lplnkne.png FIG. 7. Energies for the HeNCs+ clusters (with N between 1 and 30) obtained by means of the PIMC method of Sec. IV C. Results obtained when He atoms are free to move (open circles) are compared with those energies calculated with a confinement procedure (red circles). See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evaporation-energies-as-a-function-of-n-the-number-of-7z8qfgii.png FIG. 9. Evaporation energies as a function of N, the number of He atoms, ∆EN = − [EN − E(N−1)] for the HeNCs+ clusters as a function of the number of He atoms, N, obtained with the BH (black solid squares), PIMC (red circles), DMC (blue triangles), and BH+ZPE (empty squares). Units are milli electron volt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-second-energy-differences-defined-as-2en-en-1-en-1-261421mf.png FIG. 10. Second energy differences defined as ∆2EN = EN +1 − EN−1 − 2EN calculated with the PIMC method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-energy-curves-for-he-cs-in-circles-ab-initio-33nmzwot.png FIG. 1. Potential energy curves for He–Cs+ (in circles ab initio points and in the black solid line the ILJ analytical fit) and He–He35 (in the blue dashed-dotted line) interactions employed in this work. The He–Li+ case (red dashed line) from Ref. 31 has been included for comparison in the bigger panel, while in the inset, the He–He and He–Cs+ cases are shown in a more reduced range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-the-ilj-potentials-employed-for-the-33mbxi11.png TABLE I. Parameters for the ILJ potentials employed for the He–Cs+ interaction shown in Eqs. (1) and (2). rm is given in Angstrom, is given in milli electron volt; m, and β are dimensionless parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-probability-density-function-for-the-he-cs-he-angle-216j7cex.png FIG. 12. Probability density function for the He–Cs+–He angle obtained by means of the DMC method (black solid line) for the He12Cs+ cluster. The angular distribution for the hypothetical case of He atoms forming a strict icosahedral arrangement around the Cs+ located in the center is included for comparison in the red dashed line. https://scispace.com/papers/a-community-of-voices-using-allegory-as-an-interpretive-30w1srg9um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interpretation-of-network-context-2gu88jfb.png Table 2 Interpretation of Network Context https://scispace.com/papers/a-combined-experimental-and-theoretical-study-of-the-thermal-1s5rwxbaal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transition-states-involved-in-the-regioisomeric-3bg8onqa.png Fig. 1 Transition states involved in the regioisomeric channels 1 and 2 associated with the 13DC reaction and water eliminatio steps of the thermal domino reaction between the -dicarbonyl compound 2a with 4- nitrophenyl azide (1a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-lengths-of-the-breaking-and-forming-bonds-in-1wa25ydm.png Table 7 Lengths of the breaking and forming bonds (in angstroms) in the TSs involved in the water elimination step https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-electronic-chemical-potential-in-au-chemical-ejypsvt1.png Table 8 Electronic chemical potential, (, in au), chemical hardness, (, in au), global electrophilicity, (, in eV), and global nucleophilicity, (N, in eV), of the enols 2' and the aryl azides 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-bactericidal-and-fungicidal-activitya-of-the-5od81tjb.png Table 10 Bactericidal and fungicidal activitya of the compounds 3a-h, 5a, and ciprofloxacin and nystin https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-local-electrophilicity-k-in-ev-and-nucleophilicity-1p4co9hf.png Table 9 Local electrophilicity (k, in eV) and nucleophilicity (Nk, in eV) indices of the enols 2' and the aryl azides 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cycloaddition-reaction-of-aryl-azides-1a-d-with-2t6skyqb.png Table 2 Cycloaddition reaction of aryl azides 1a-d with acetylacetone (2a) and methyl acetoacetate (2b) performed under microwave irradiation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cycloaddition-reaction-of-4-nitrophenyl-azide-1a-2e8tjjjb.png Table 3 Cycloaddition reaction of 4-nitrophenyl azide (1a) with - benzoylacetophenone (4a) and malonodinitrile (4b) performed at room temperature (with or without CuCl) or under microwave irradiation https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-review-of-fisheries-management-experiences-in-3ymb50r1x3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-marine-fish-and-shellfish-stocks-managed-by-tacs-in-2yucitgu.png Table 5. Marine fish and shellfish stocks managed by TACs in EU waters (2010-2013), Icelandic 15 waters (2010-2013), off Australia (2010-2014) and New Zealand (2010-2014). Frequency 16 (proportion of years*stocks) of: realized catches above catch limit, realized catches above catch limit 17 + 10%. The results of a Chi-square test comparing frequencies between regions after 2010 are shown; 18 (*) p<0.05; (**) p<0.01; (***) p<0.001. 19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-key-similarities-and-differences-of-2leeeobb.png Table 2. Summary of the key similarities and differences of the fishery management systems in the EU, Iceland, New Zealand and Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-fisheries-statistics-and-indicators-for-the-eu-3enlm8y4.png Table 1. Main fisheries statistics and indicators for the EU, Iceland, New Zealand and Australia, including fleet size, employment in harvest sector, landed value, trade and government transfers. Different time periods have been considered depending on data availability. Information was occasionally missing in some years for a number of countries, so the indicators were averaged over the whole time period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marine-fish-and-shellfish-stocks-managed-by-tacs-in-16kjvtze.png Table 4. Marine fish and shellfish stocks managed by TACs in EU waters (periods 2002-2006 and 10 2010-2013) and Icelandic waters (2010-2013). Frequency (proportion of years*stocks) of: TACs 11 above advised catches. The results of tests comparing frequencies between periods for EU stocks, 12 and between regions after 2010 are shown; (*) p<0.05. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conservation-indicators-for-the-different-regions-1s2x63lh.png Table 3. Conservation indicators for the different regions under investigation: stock information 1 (total number of stocks; total number (and proportion) of stocks for which spawning stock biomass 2 (SSB) and fishing mortality (F) have been estimated relative to limit reference points SSBlim, Flim, 3 respectively) and stock status (number (and proportion) of stocks for which SSB > SSBlim and F < 4 Flim). The results of Chi-square tests comparing stock statuses across regions (with or without 5 Mediterranean stocks) are shown; (*) p<0.05; (**) p<0.01; (***) p<0.001. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-variations-in-the-proportion-of-stocks-3fmlbf0r.png Figure 1. Annual variations in the proportion of stocks managed in the EU (empty squares), New Zealand (stars) and Australia (black dots), for which (a) biomass B > Blim and (b) fishing mortality F < Flim. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representations-of-a-c-catch-options-advised-by-11pljb6l.png Figure 2. Representations of: (a, c) catch options advised by ICES versus agreed TAC; (b, d) Catch estimated by ICES versus agreed TAC; (a, b) EU Northeast Atlantic stocks over the period 2010- 2013; (c, d) Icelandic stocks over the period 2010-2013. The dotted line represents the 1:1 relation between advised catches and TACs. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-study-on-the-knowledge-and-attitude-of-covid-4hbhgf2sl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-population-according-to-their-knowledge-on-treatment-3r14rp4a.png Table 6: Population according to their knowledge on TREATMENT https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-knowledge-level-and-its-source-about-1asy655l.png Table 2: Distribution of knowledge level and its source about COVID-19 in urban and rural. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-population-according-to-their-knowledge-on-z12x0rsh.png Table 3: Population according to their knowledge on TRANSMISSION https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-population-according-to-their-knowledge-on-27flomel.png Table 5: Population according to their knowledge on PRECAUTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-population-according-to-their-knowledge-on-sign-g3j8lkdy.png Table 4: Population according to their knowledge on SIGN & SYMPTOMS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-urban-and-rural-people-according-3rj7hrix.png Figure 1: Distribution of urban and rural people according their general knowledge about COVID-19. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-population-according-to-effect-on-mental-health-1ofs6if1.png Table 7: Population according to effect on MENTAL HEALTH https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-a-mini-pems-and-a-1065-compliant-pems-for-on-xe357pkx99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ncem-nox-measurement-design-schematic-1obe4czt.png Fig. 1. NCEM NOx measurement design schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-q-q-plot-analysis-for-pn-emissions-for-1-day-of-3kgs9rfu.png Fig. 9. Q-Q plot analysis for PN emissions for 1 day of testing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-q-q-plot-analysis-on-nox-emissions-for-1-day-of-3df7k578.png Fig. 5. Q-Q plot analysis on NOx emissions for 1 day of testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-25th-and-75th-percentile-q-q-plot-values-271ld4ff.png Table 3 Summary of 25th and 75th percentile Q-Q plot values for NOx, PM, and PN emissions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-correlation-slope-and-regression-1lrsonpd.png Table 4 Summary of correlation slope and regression statistics for NOx emissions NOx (g/s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-correlation-slope-and-regression-30uxhw4m.png Table 6 Summary of correlation slope and regression statistics for PM and soot emissions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-trips-statistics-for-different-routes-and-wzx13iac.png Table 1 Summary of trips statistics for different routes and cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-pm-emissions-2n0s1ccm.png Table 5 Summary of PM emissions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-between-ultralow-frequency-ballistocardiograms-48hknab3q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1v-average-values-and-standard-deviations-for-touziz4h.png Table 1V. Average values and standard deviations for restoring jorce and damping as the 3 subjects were tightened on our HF table https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-averages-of-the-dierences-found-between-the-four-2jg8jg95.png Table V. Averages of the di’erences found between the four main systolic waves of ULF and HF ballistocardiograms in 30 healthy men and 20 healthy women https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-ulf-ballistocardiograph-a-the-table-b-mine-jacks-1li4368x.png Fig. 2. Our ULF ballistocardiograph. A, The table. B, “Mine jacks,” columns of heavy pipe extending between floor and ceiling to support the frame from which the table is suspended. Only the base is shown in the figure. C, Support wires. D, Lateral support. F, Coils shown withdrawn from magnets E. G, Footboard. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-comparison-of-the-clinical-interpretation-given-to-2xpi7vca.png Table VII. Comparison of the clinical interpretation given to HF and ULF records secured on the same persoq in 250 patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-effect-of-tightening-the-subject-on-the-hf-table-2oy8wixo.png Table III. Effect of tightening the subject on the HF table. The frequency and damping of movement between subject and table under various conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-response-of-the-ulf-instruments-to-a-triangular-1feetfgv.png Fig. 19. Response of the ULF instruments to a triangular shaped internal acceleration of the center of gravity 2, (proportional to internal force) (boltom in B, D, F, and H). A, (kq5) The acceleration ib of the T’LF instrument for cases a and d of Fig. 18,A and B. D, (lop) The displacement xb of the HF instrument for the same cases. F, (top) The acceleration ?b of the ULF instrument for cases a and d of Fig. 18,D and E. H, (top) The displacement xb of the HF instrument for the same cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-our-newest-hf-ballistocardiograph-shown-tilted-and-in-1r1utjvf.png Fig. 4. Our newest HF ballistocardiograph, shown tilted, and in the horizontal position in which it is usually employed. A, The table. Neither the S-cm. suspension nor the strong restraining spring is shown. The table is made of 24 st aluminum, and with the footplate and bracing weighs 24 kilograms. B, The footplate. C. Movable crossoiece and DiDes L I which attack it to ‘footplate, used ‘to support the shoulder yoke. D, Main table frame of cold rolled steel, weighing 110 kilograms. E, Base frame of cold rolled steel, also weighing 110 kilograms. F, The lifting mechanism, which weighs about 90 kilograms. Between base frame and floor are 4 pads of corrugated rubber and 2 of cork, each about 7 by 7 cm. and 7 mm. thick. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-the-movement-of-the-body-on-a-hf-table-or-spag7icw.png Fig. 5. Diagram of the movement of the body on a HF table, or on any other immobile surface, when a force applied headward or footward is suddenlv released. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-a-second-order-snow-model-with-field-1andis854m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-backscattering-coefficients-trend-as-particle-shape-3cbsltg1.png Figure 4. Backscattering coefficients trend as particle shape changes (x-axis is the short axis to long axis ratio of ellipsoid) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-proposed-model-and-measured-data-261wzwco.png Figure 3. Comparison between proposed model and measured data at KuBand (scatter points are for measured data. short axis to long axis ratio is 0.7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-proposed-model-and-measured-data-1pyi0jqh.png Figure 2. Comparison between proposed model and measured data at KuBand (scatter points are for measured data. short axis to long axis ratio is 0.1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-proposed-model-and-measured-data-1f5oqioj.png Figure 1. Comparison between proposed model and measured data at LBand (scatter points are for measured data) https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-measures-of-core-inflation-3t83xlqb7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-within-sample-and-out-of-sample-analyses-18qnftxy.png Table 4 Summary of Within-Sample and Out-of-Sample Analyses: Best-Performing Measures of Core Inflation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-forecasting-performance-of-alternative-measures-of-33ga2w3g.png Table 3 Forecasting Performance of Alternative Measures of Core Inflation: RMSE of Univariate Forecasts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-inflation-rates-and-volatilities-around-2v889q4c.png Table 1 Average Inflation Rates and Volatilities around Trend Percent https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-different-solutions-of-the-bursa-wolf-model-1aea756aw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numerical-results-h7nzhrvs.png Table 3 Numerical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relation-between-quaternions-and-a-b-c-parameters-q0-20zs44b2.png Table 1 Relation between quaternions and a, b, c parameters q0 ¼ https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-different-nonparametric-methods-for-oka7kh4a3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-backfitting-estimates-dashed-and-imie-solid-using-1lqxmn16.png Figure 1: Backfitting estimates (dashed) and IMIE (solid) using the same data generated according to equation (2.13). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-rejection-of-1000-repetitions-applying-2to2r9c4.png Table 3: Percentage of rejection of 1000 repetitions applying the various tests on model (4.1) with n = 100 and independent regressors. α gives the wanted significance level. Results are given for 500 bootstrap replications using the CMIE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-cv-value-of-the-different-estimators-over-1n1kxtie.png Table 1: Average CV-value of the different estimators over 100 runs for optimal (i.e. CV-minimizing) bandwidths. The data were drawn from model (2.14), n = 100, with covariances Σγ from (2.15). The CV-values were calculated on the whole support (tr0), and on trimmed ranges ( 5% trimming: tr5, respectively 10%: tr10). https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-random-walks-in-dependent-random-hi6o0wsky1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drift-for-0-blue-dashed-0-3-red-solid-and-0-3-green-cdrgta9l.png Figure 2: Drift for ̺ = 0 (blue, dashed), ̺ = 0.3 (red,solid), and ̺ = −0.3 (green, dotdashed) as a function of p. From highest to lowest curves for α = 1, 0.95, . . . , 0.55 (for ̺ = 0 and ̺ = 0.3), and for α = 0.75, 0.70, . . . , 0.55 (for ̺ = −0.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drift-for-a-0-95-and-1-0-3-for-various-2-and-e012-2cwgqnv2.png Figure 3: Drift for α = 0.95 and ̺1 = 0.3 for various ̺2 and e012. The solid red curves show the drift for ̺2 = 0 and e012 varying from 0.824 to 0.844. The smallest dashed blue curve corresponds to the Markov case. The “maximal” dotdashed orange curve corresponds to the case ̺2 = −1/19 and e012 = 417/500. The middle dashed blue line gives the independent case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-red-drift-for-the-moving-average-environment-as-a-2ce9wvre.png Figure 5: Red: Drift for the moving average environment as a function of p for α = 1, 0.95, . . . , 0.55 (from highest to lowest curves). Blue: comparison with the independent case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-moving-average-environment-2pahuoal.png Figure 1: Moving average environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-cutoff-value-for-p-and-a-in-the-28o6hyhh.png Figure 4: Relation between cutoff value for p, and α. In the left (right) white region the drift is stricty positive (negative). In the shaded region the drift is 0. The solid red curve is for the moving average process. For comparison, the dashed blue line is the iid case. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-three-models-to-predict-liquidity-flows-1x5rqi554e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-daily-error-curves-measured-in-percentages-for-the-one-1dsppp6b.png Fig. 4. Daily error curves (measured in percentages) for the one-step-ahead predictions with a sliding window of 25 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-error-curves-measured-in-percentages-for-the-one-15aj7xu9.png Fig. 3. Daily error curves (measured in percentages) for the one-step-ahead predictions with a sliding window of 20 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-error-of-the-one-step-ahead-predictions-made-2n9mdypz.png Table 1. Average error of the one-step-ahead predictions made using window sizes of 15, 20 and 25 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-daily-error-curves-measured-in-percentages-for-the-one-3w489jas.png Fig. 2. Daily error curves (measured in percentages) for the one-step-ahead predictions with a sliding window of 15 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-total-liquidity-that-was-transmitted-between-the-28e2k4ao.png Fig. 1. The total liquidity that was transmitted between the banks at each day in the data set. Liquidity is normalized by dividing it by the maximum total liquidity (occurring at day 34) that was transmitted at a single day for the entire period. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-three-total-variation-based-texture-3rtutss16v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-4-and-5-cartoon-texture-decomposition-left-1ixir8ne.png Fig. 5. Example 4 and 5, cartoon-texture decomposition: left halves - cartoon, right halves - texture/noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-1-1d-signal-decomposition-1sxfg9pj.png Fig. 1. Example 1: 1D signal decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mosek-termination-measures-316q9sv1.png Table 1 Mosek termination measures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inputs-a-original-117x117-fingerprint-b-original-2hgfmnrt.png Fig. 3. Inputs: (a) original 117×117 fingerprint, (b) original 512×512 Barbara, (c) a 256×256 part of original Barbara, (d) a 256×256 part of noisy Barbara (std.=20), (e) original 256× 256 4texture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-1-1d-signal-decomposition-continue-ommffrck.png Fig. 2. Example 1: 1D signal decomposition (continue) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-2-and-3-cartoon-texture-decomposition-results-2i2ozsec.png Fig. 4. Examples 2 and 3, cartoon-texture decomposition results: left halves - cartoon, right halves - texture. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-the-irradiated-tensile-properties-of-a-high-1tg0kaq6iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-0-2-yield-stress-and-b-the-ultimate-tensile-2h3bywqy.png FIGURE 1 (a) The 0.2% yield stress and (b) the ultimate tensile strength plotted against test temperature foi 20%-cold-worked EP-83S and type 316 stainless steels, unirradiated and after HFIR irradiation at about 50°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-engineering-s-t-r-ess-s-t-r-a-in-curves-at-a-room-23zi8437.png FIGURE 3 Engineering s t r ess - s t r a in curves at (a) room temperature and (b) 300°C for unirradiated and irradia 20%-cold-worked EP-838 and type 316 stainless s tee l . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-uniform-and-total-elongation-plotted-against-xx3xnxhj.png FIGURE 2 The uniform and total elongation plotted against test temperature for 20%-cold-worked EP-838 and type 316 stainless steels unirradiated and after HFIR irradiation at about 50°C. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-two-methods-used-to-deal-with-saturation-of-2fkcdl1buc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-longitudinal-and-lateral-stick-time-histories-bfwwbwlw.png Figure 5.10: Longitudinal and lateral stick time histories for the offset high left approach using both methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-three-dimensional-ams-rotated-such-that-the-view-15avpvps.png Figure 2.3: Three-dimensional AMS rotated such that the view point is looking down the z-axis of the problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-ams-described-by-the-original-control-3srj9ltu.png Figure 4.4: AMS described by the original Control Effectivness Matrix B with Scaled Final B used in the Research. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-ams-described-by-the-scaled-control-effectivness-1jxvwzeu.png Figure 4.3: AMS described by the scaled Control Effectivness Matrix B plotted with the desired moments of the offset approach task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-desired-moment-time-histories-plotted-with-32uylyqx.png Figure 5.7: Desired moment time histories plotted with attained moments for the offset left approach using the method of scaling the moment direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-general-attainable-moment-subset-for-a-4-control-pvx2lt8h.png Figure 1.2: General Attainable Moment Subset for a 4 Control Problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-comparison-of-the-saturation-of-control-surfaces-2ijlc3xr.png Figure 5.2: Comparison of the saturation of control surfaces between scaling the moment direction and prioritizing the pitch axis for an offset left maneuver. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-angle-of-attack-time-histories-for-the-offset-22bjjqfe.png Figure 5.11: Angle of attack time histories for the offset high left approach using both methods. https://scispace.com/papers/a-compensation-way-for-a-differential-pair-to-achieve-a-high-5bfycs8aay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-circuit-performance-summary-h3sot7gv.png TABLE II. CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE SUMMARY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-waveform-of-input-output-2-ghz-d0c5659q.png Fig. 4 An example waveform of input output @ 2 GHz https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-component-dimensions-and-circuit-parameters-27bubrnz.png TABLE I. COMPONENT DIMENSIONS AND CIRCUIT PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-sdc-circuit-ujrir34i.png Fig. 3 Proposed SDC circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-equivalent-circuit-of-m1-viewed-as-a-common-source-wmlj2j62.png Fig. 2 (a) Equivalent circuit of M1 viewed as a common source stage degenerated by M2. (b) Equivalent circuit of M2 viewed as a common gate stage with replacing M1 by a Thevenin equivalent circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phase-difference-with-a-frequency-b-variation-ratio-of-2yq8pegu.png Fig. 5 Phase difference with (a) frequency, (b) variation ratio of resistor, (c) variation ratio of (W/L) of MD, (d) variation ratio of (W/L) of M5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-second-and-third-order-harmonic-distortion-with-a-vxvgurpi.png Fig. 6 The second and third order harmonic distortion with (a) frequency, (b) variation ratio of resistor, (c) variation ratio of (W/L) of MD., (d) variation ratio of (W/L) of M5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-phase-difference-with-the-variation-of-input-1x5dk2av.png Fig. 7(a) Phase difference with the variation of input amplitude, (b) the second and third harmonic distortion with the variation of input amplitude. https://scispace.com/papers/a-component-based-approach-to-scientific-workflow-management-4zqe05wj19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-history-of-software-reuse-3e5wdryj.png Figure 1: A History of Software Reuse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-component-framework-pattern-100ul5dr.png Figure 3: A Component Framework Pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uml-component-notation-1391jf8c.png Figure 2: UML Component Notation https://scispace.com/papers/a-competitive-hierarchy-model-integrating-roles-of-lw2o3ndwjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-configurations-of-treatments-used-in-replacement-1m0ua8fc.png Table 1 . Configurations of treatments used in replacement series. Total (N) frequencies per 10 x 10 cm. Total densities: Low = I0 000: Medium = 50 000: High = 100 000 shoots,'m2. V = Fucus re.siculo~us; S = F. srrrutus; P = F. sp~mlis.Each configuration was replicated 5-fold. The same monocultures of F. ae.sicu1o.su.s were used for S:V- and V:P-replacement series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-additional-additive-and-substitutive-comparisons-mixed-18vpfjvj.png Fig. 4. Additional additive and substitutive comparisons ('mixed additivesubstitutive design', MASD) for selected treatments from replacement series experiments, analysable with ANOVA. A hypothetical example is presented here where the intra- and interspecific effects on the yield of an initial 250 F, t.rsiculosus germlings (symbolized as black area indicated with an arrow) is given. 'A' compares the interspecific effect of adding 500 F. srrrutus, 'B' the intraspecific effect of adding 500 F. crsiculo.rus. 'C' and 'D' depict substitutive comparisons between intra- and interspecific effects at medium density = 500 and high density = 1000 shoots, 10 x 10 cm, respectively. E, F: included as 'unplanned comparisons' in one-way ANOVA but irrelevant, since total density and species combination are changed simultaneously. For meaning of abbreviations (e.g. "SV 0:4 High Density") see Table 1. Note that germlings of 2 species are interdispersed in mixtures and not clumped in separate corners as symbolized here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-individual-and-relative-crowding-coefficients-from-oo1lzsmj.png Table 4. Individual and relative crowding coefficients from replacement series field experiments with Fuczts cesiculosus and F. spiralis at 3 total densities, and in 3 mixtures. Mean values of 5 replicates. K , , and K, ,,, are individual crowding $, coefficients. K, = relative crowdng coefficient F. nesiculosus on F. spiralis. <,,= relative crowding coefficient F. ~piralison F. resiculosus. See text for explanation of coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-and-relative-crowding-coefficients-from-bvsxvrjq.png Table 3. Individual and relative crowding coefficients from replacement series field experiments with Fucus serratus and F. " '/ Density oesiculosus at 3 total densities and 3 mixtures. Mean values of 5 replicates. K,,,,, ,, ,! and K are individual crowding + Medium + Highcoefficients. K,, = relative crowdmg coefficient F. serratus on F. nesiculosus. K,,, = relative crowding coefficient F. ~.esiculosus on F. serratus. See text for explanation of coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-curves-of-competitive-ability-along-an-enk-ronmental-2rka495o.png Fig. 12. Curves of competitive ability along an enk~ronmental gradient as predicted from the "relaxed" version of the competitive hierarchy model (Keddy 1989a). Shown at bottom are realized niches (observed in nature under the effects of competition). Two kinds of competitive dominance are distinguished: I . in the sense of the narrow competitive hierarchy model (CHM-dominance). and 2. actual dominance (ACT-dominance) in nature, in terms of the more relaxed version of the model (see text for further explanation of 2 model versions). The borders of realized distributions derive from the intersection points of competitive ability curves of neighbouring species. Thus. a species:species boundary is set by neither the final exhaustion of tolerance of low resource levels (that would coincide with zero competitive ability), nor by competitive exclusion of other species by a CHM-dominant species through its whole fundamental niche. Black sections of gradient indicate where occupying species are CHM-dominants. Hatched areas indicate sections uhere a CHM-dominant species becomes an ACT-subordinate, and a CHM-subordinate becomes an ACT-dominant (thus excluding the CHM-dominant from this section of gradient). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-replacement-series-graphs-for-competition-experiments-1kts9f52.png Fig. 6 . Replacement series graphs for competition experiments with Fucus serralus and F. t.rsiculosus (left) or with F. cesiculosus and F. spiralis (right) at three total densities (low = 100, medium = 500, high = 1000 initial shoots per 10 x 10 cm). Mean values of 5 replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8b-yield-reduction-due-to-interspecific-competition-was-14g5ypsx.png Fig. 8b). Yield reduction due to interspecific competition was very slight (17.55 g vs 17.90 g in control). Yield of F. ce.siculosus was reduced to 10.45 g when grown together with another 500 individuals of F. ~esicu1osu.s. but this intraspecific effect was not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-models-explaining-a-species-distribution-along-1yvfy9c4.png Fig. 1. Two models explaining a) species distribution along field observation = realized niches resource gradients. a) Upper graph: physiological response curves of 4 species realized in the field. Removal of neighbours may lead to the pattern explained by niche differentiation (lower left) or by the competitive hierarchy hypothesis (lower right). b) Fundamental and realized niches of the models on the same resource gradient. \competitive hierarchy Modified after Keddy (1989a). niche https://scispace.com/papers/a-comprehensive-adsorption-study-of-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic-lccf1jyly7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-modelling-of-hna-adsorption-to-adsorbents-v2p117hs.png Table 1. Kinetic modelling of HNA adsorption to adsorbents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outputs-from-the-intra-particle-diffusion-model-for-9zkk8zia.png Table 2. Outputs from the intra-particle diffusion model for each adsorbent on HNA https://scispace.com/papers/a-comprehensive-quantitative-assay-for-amine-transaminases-2yfv4wyrdw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enantio-preference-screen-conversion-of-r-or-s-mba-5-2tzsete5.png Table 4. Enantio-preference screen: conversion of (R)- or (S)-MBA (5 mM) to acetophenone in the presence of 4-DMAB (5 mM), Kpi (100 mM, pH 8), 30°C determined by colorimetric assay and GC-FID https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enantiopreference-screen-biotransformations-with-r-qcf09wuz.png Figure 3. Enantiopreference screen. biotransformations with (R)- or (S)-MBA (5 mM), 4-DMAB (5 mM), cell lysate (50uL), 24 h, and developed using Ehrlich’s reagent. Reactions are performed in triplicate. Standards contain 4-DMAB (5 mM) and varying concentrations of (S)-MBA (enzyme omitted). See SI for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-donor-screen-conversion-of-s-mba-5-mm-to-l6ykihkn.png Table 3. Donor screen: conversion of (S)-MBA (5 mM) to acetophenone (5) in the presence of 4-DMAB (5 mM) and ATA-256, HEPES (100 Mm, pH 7.5), 30°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-donor-screen-plate-1-biotransformations-with-s-mba-5sgb6dgc.png Figure 2. Donor screen. Plate 1: biotransformations with (S)-MBA (5 mM), 4- DMAB (5 mM) and ATA-256 (1 mg/mL), monitored over 24 hours, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conversion-of-ketones-5-8-5-mm-to-the-corresponding-1n4uudgx.png Table 1. Conversion of ketones (5-8) (5 mM) to the corresponding amines in the presence of 2-AEA (10 mM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acceptor-screen-biotransformations-with-4-1210acbz.png Figure 1. Acceptor screen: biotransformations with (4-fluorophenyl)acetone (7) (5 mM) and 2-AEA (15 mM) at various time points, developed using Ehrlich’s reagent. Plate 1 & 2: (4-fluorophenyl)acetone (7) (5 mM), 2-AEA (15 mM), ATA113 (2.5 mg/mL) or 3HMU (2% lysate). Plate 3 & 4: same as plate 1 & 2 but enzyme omitted and indole added (0 mM - 5 mM). L1-3 are replicates. Control 1 and 2 differ only in reaction setup for the commercial and WT enzyme. See SI for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acceptor-screen-conversion-of-4-fluorophenyl-acetone-1pkj1h57.png Table 2. Acceptor screen: Conversion of (4-fluorophenyl)acetone (7) (5 mM) to the corresponding amine using ATA-113 or 3HMU, in the presence of 2-AEA (15 mM), as determined by colorimetric assay and GC-FID https://scispace.com/papers/a-compressive-music-spectral-approach-for-identification-of-kvalriebeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-flexural-rigidity-reduction-factor-eieff-eiy-at-h7yoiks3.png Table 3. Flexural rigidity reduction factor (EIeff/EIy) at critical member zones of the structure in Figure 5 for the two different damage states considered due to different seismic intensity excitation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-moment-curvature-m-ph-hysteretic-curves-at-the-left-s0hgdqp4.png Figure 7. Moment-curvature (M-φ) hysteretic curves at the left plastic hinge of the 1st storey beam for (a) damage state 1 and (b) damage state 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-music-pseudo-spectra-of-structure-1-in-fig-2-a-4dt8cuy5.png Figure 3. MUSIC pseudo-spectra of structure 1 in Fig.2(a) obtained for co-prime sampling specifications of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-based-assessment-framework-for-the-2d7a13tw.png Figure 1. Simulation-based assessment framework for the proposed natural frequencies identification approach in OMA applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spectrum-estimation-from-noisy-acceleration-3kie1s80.png Figure 8. Spectrum estimation from noisy acceleration response signals with SNR=10dB at the (a) first, (b) second, and (c) third floor of the structure in Fig. 5 (healthy state) subject to 80s duration white noise base excitation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-co-prime-sampling-specifications-2tm588xl.png Table 1. Co-prime sampling specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-target-psds-in-eq-13-for-the-two-adopted-2s8jb7zd.png Figure 2. Normalized target PSDs in Eq.(13) for the two adopted 3-DOF structural systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-secant-flexural-rigidity-at-yielding-eiy-at-nga0spp9.png Table 2. Average secant flexural rigidity at yielding, EIy, at the ends of the frame structural members of Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/a-comprehensive-revision-of-the-us-monetary-services-divisia-12whuw4thb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1zt50qcq.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3aw3j3zd.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2snjnzwt.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3eok8fvc.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3jdnjz65.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-3ht3h2jz.png Figure 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-12arr0ru.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-3jqgzha2.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/papers/a-computational-model-for-periodic-pattern-perception-based-4uj7cxl1yy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-three-sample-patterns-a-original-image-overlayed-with-2zltvlau.png Fig. 6. Three sample patterns. (a) Original image overlayed with detected lattice. (b) Median tile. (c) Best matched positions of the median tile on the transformed images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-perfect-frieze-tile-can-be-constructed-from-a-given-2i1m2apm.png Fig. 11. A perfect frieze tile can be constructed from a given tile P1 for each of the seven frieze groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-the-subgroup-relationship-among-the-seven-frieze-3hfaei1q.png Fig. 12. (a) The subgroup relationship among the seven frieze symmetry groups (F1 . . .F7 in Table 1), where Fi ! Fj means Fi is a subgroup of Fj. Left column of (a) indicates the degrees of freedom in each level of the symmetry group hierarchy. (b) Determining the degrees of freedom of frieze patterns by counting symmetry constraints on the intensity value of a pixel. The figure shows representative sets of pixels within a tile (here, (a) through (g) indicate frieze patterns P1 through P7) that have to have the same intensity value by the symmetry constraints. The dotted lines are horizontal and vertical midlines of the tile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-original-image-overlayed-with-detected-lattice-b-3vutpl0h.png Fig. 10. (a) Original image overlayed with detected lattice. (b) Median tile. (c) Positions of best match of median tile with transformed images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-further-examples-of-motifs-centered-on-the-highest-9tfs28lm.png Fig. 18. Further examples of motifs centered on the highest order of rotation symmetry. For symmetry groups without rotation centers (cm), we use approximate symmetries to locate approximate rotation centers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-original-image-of-a-rug-b-an-autocorrelation-surface-2mdtbyms.png Fig. 1. (a) Original image of a rug. (b) An autocorrelation surface. (c) Peaks found using a global threshold. (d) Peaks extracted using the threshold-free method of [22]. (e) The highest 32 peaks from those return by [22]. (f) The 32 most-dominant peaks found using our approach described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-matching-scores-of-the-eight-symmetry-tests-ku2fx4mu.png TABLE 3 The Matching Scores of the Eight Symmetry Tests (Table 2) for the Three Sample Patterns in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-more-real-world-patterns-a-is-a-rug-with-group-pm-b-3s8gu594.png Fig. 9. More real-world patterns: (a) is a rug with group pm. (b) and (c) have slight affine and projective distortions in their cloth and rug patterns, respectively, with symmetry group pmm. (d) Chrome, (e) metal gate, and (f) tiles all have symmetry gorup cm. (g) Tiled wall has symmetry group p4m (another complicated symmetry group, see Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/papers/a-compressed-sensing-parameter-extraction-platform-for-radar-4r4qqt3umg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-energy-function-w-f-for-measurements-v8ru1tvs.png Fig. 5: Plot of the energy function W (f) for measurements derived from a noisy Doppler tone at 1.4567 GHz over (a) the entire range of allowable frequencies and (b) frequencies close to the true CF. In (a) we see that the energy functional is clearly maximized in an area near the true CF, and (b) shows that the maximum of the energy function occurs at 1.4571 GHz. For this example, we used a total of 3315 Nyquist samples with a sampling rate of 5 GHz, so our intrinsic frequency resolution is on the order of 5 GHz/3315 ≈ 1.5 MHz. The estimate of the carrier frequency is well within this resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-detection-performance-as-a-function-of-the-21l178kv.png TABLE II: Detection performance as a function of the interferer strength (1 RMPI Samp. = 1/fADC = 10.4 ns). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-detection-rate-and-standard-deviation-of-the-350rh91u.png TABLE IV: Detection rate and standard deviation of the parameter estimate errors as a function of pulse lengths (1 Frame = 1/fADC = 10.4 ns). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-parameter-estimation-errors-for-a-cf-b-toa-and-c-tod-1u7ap21i.png Fig. 13: Parameter estimation errors for (a) CF, (b) TOA, and (c) TOD over 686 trials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-detection-rate-and-standard-deviation-of-the-1oog689a.png TABLE III: Detection rate and standard deviation of the parameter estimate errors as a function of pulse amplitudes (1 Frame = 1/fADC = 10.4 ns). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-the-energy-function-e-t-for-measurements-mnz7okes.png Fig. 6: Plot of the energy function E(τ) for measurements derived from a noisy Doppler tone at 1.4567 GHz arriving at Nyquist sample n = 3028 over (a) the entire range of sample indices and (b) sample indices close to the true TOA. In (a) we see that the energy functional is clearly maximized in an area near the true TOA, and (b) shows that the maximum of the energy function occurs at n = 3030. Since the sampling rate for this example is 5 GHz, this corresponds to an error of 400 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fraction-of-measurement-energies-that-are-explained-by-15xttbi5.png Fig. 7: Fraction of measurement energies that are explained by frequencies up to 2.5 GHz for the case where (a) there is a 1.581 GHz tone and noise present and (b) there is only noise present. The noise energy is equally spread out over the band, where the tone energy is concentrated at one frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-assembled-rmpi-ic-digitizer-interface-the-board-is-5-1aho8cw4.png Fig. 11: Assembled RMPI IC/Digitizer Interface. The board is 5 inches × 5 inches. The ADC board has 4 12 bit ADCs with output bits routed to 4 data-connectors that are acquired with a Logic Analyzer https://scispace.com/papers/a-concept-analysis-of-befriending-3125p7x4r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-descriptive-theoretical-model-of-befriending-14som99w.png Figure 2 Descriptive theoretical model of befriending https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-articles-selected-for-final-analysis-ocq4xfmj.png Table 1: Articles selected for final analysis https://scispace.com/papers/a-configurable-multi-sensor-tripod-for-the-study-of-near-313el4aqi5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-norton-sensor-data-during-the-lower-low-tide-of-april-3339j9gx.png Fig. 11. Norton sensor data during the lower low tide of April 22, 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2001-landsat-image-of-the-fraser-river-delta-showing-1ntlqbjy.png Fig. 2. 2001 Landsat image of the Fraser River delta showing the 2002 site (■=Norton) in 10 m water depth, and the 2003 locations in 8 m (■=ADCP) and 0 m (■=Norton) depths. Roberts Bank is outlined in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-deployment-of-norton-on-roberts-bank-march-23-2003-2e9sryam.png Fig. 4. Deployment of Norton on Roberts Bank March 23, 2003 using the Canadian Coast Guard Hovercraft Siyay. A radar reflector and flashing light were mounted on a pole above the tripod. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-imagenex-sonar-image-left-of-test-ripples-about-1-2-cm-3jx2wr36.png Fig. 3. Imagenex sonar image (left) of test ripples (about 1- 2 cm height, about 10 cm length) in tank. Red range rings are 1 m increments. Three sand ripples are shown starting at 1 m range (first red ring). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-high-suspended-sediment-concentration-during-moderate-2u074a51.png Fig. 8. High suspended sediment concentration during moderate westerly winds and near low tide (image 04051200). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-first-image-image-03231900-from-the-scanning-sonar-1r7fu8pa.png Fig. 6. First image (image 03231900) from the scanning sonar after the tide had submerged the sonar head. Tripod legs and instruments show up darkest, with ripple-like features evident, particularly in the northwest quadrant. Parallel lines are used to highlight ripple features having a NE-SW orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radial-pattern-sonar-image-image-040909-2q0rxdsw.png Fig. 7. Radial-pattern sonar image (image 040909). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-adcp-current-profile-data-for-april-22-2003-north-3dc5wxgj.png Fig. 10. ADCP current profile data for April 22, 2003 (north component of velocity is in mm s-1). The speed direction time series for a mid-depth is shown in the lower portion, along with the pressure time series. https://scispace.com/papers/a-constraint-based-collaborative-environment-for-learning-2fvzn6g3vm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-meta-constraints-3pfvsxd1.png Figure 5. Examples of meta-constraints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-architecture-of-collect-uml-2sr6eb3x.png Figure 3. The architecture of COLLECT-UML https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-collect-uml-interface-17rhmc3v.png Figure 4. COLLECT-UML interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-statistics-about-the-study-2oovayuq.png Table 1. Some statistics about the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-constraint-2d3xiftd.png Figure 1. An example constraint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-constraint-violation-2zf92uoj.png Figure 2. Probability of constraint violation https://scispace.com/papers/a-contact-model-for-piezoelectric-beams-1eb1inqvin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bending-for-several-coefficients-of-stiffness-1h23wfo4.png Fig. 5. Bending for several coefficients of stiffness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bending-0-0-1-0-2-0-3-0-4-0-5-0-6-0-7-0-8-0-9-1-0-f12i5ev7.png Fig. 1. Bending. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 https://scispace.com/papers/a-contextual-approach-to-social-skills-assessment-in-the-5a2o4vkb8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-regression-predicting-clique-centrality-68dlrns4.png Table 4. Logistic Regression Predicting Clique Centrality From Peer- and Teacher-Assessed Social Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multiple-regression-predicting-positive-school-1qpaivfv.png Table 5. Multiple Regression Predicting Positive School Functioning From Peer- and Teacher-Assessed Social Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-regression-predicting-childrens-social-1hh9z7il.png Table 3. Multiple Regression Predicting Children’s Social Status and Reciprocated Friendships From Peer- and TeacherAssessed Social Skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-study-variables-po3an76l.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables https://scispace.com/papers/a-cooperative-answering-approach-to-fuzzy-preferences-1cd8rqyxwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuzzy-modelling-of-numerical-preferences-2rfhtp4q.png Table 1. Fuzzy modelling of numerical preferences https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-satisfiability-degrees-of-each-pair-of-matched-22vniv2x.png Table 3. Satisfiability degrees of each pair of matched activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-satisfiability-degree-of-a-non-numerical-preference-1ke68kof.png Table 2. Satisfiability degree of a non-numerical preference p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-preference-tree-3gtbyacc.png Fig. 3. Sample preference tree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-mapping-m-between-a-query-graph-q1-and-a-target-2nur6i5u.png Fig. 4. Sample mapping M between a query graph q1 and a target graph t1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-structural-similarity-and-preference-satisfiability-erqtzoty.png Table 4. Structural similarity and preference satisfiability degrees of a set of target graphs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ranking-of-target-graphs-according-to-the-three-17e439xq.png Table 5. Ranking of target graphs according to the three ranking methods https://scispace.com/papers/a-control-lyapunov-perspective-on-episodic-learning-via-pog9m9p57l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-disturbance-upper-bounds-with-model-3kaa670n.png Fig. 2. Comparison of disturbance upper bounds with model based QP controller (left) and final augmented controller (right). The disturbance upper bound is computed from the maximum over uncertainty sets in (43) for both controllers, and observed trajectories are displayed with dashed lines. The augmenting controller keeps the system in regions with lower disturbance bounds while the system leaves the region around the training data under the QP controller. The maps were generated by sampling states randomly about training data points and evaluating the upper bound for each sampled state. The results were then discretized for ease of visualization. Each bin is colored by the maximum disturbance observed in the bin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-tracking-performance-for-pd-controller-x6289k8v.png Fig. 1. Comparison of tracking performance for PD controller and final augmented controller. The final augmented controller tracks the desired angle trajectory more effectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cost-benefit-analysis-of-gown-use-in-controlling-16x7wpejlb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-outcomes-stratified-by-vancomycin-resistant-3oudihs9.png TABLE 2 PRIMARY OUTCOMES STRATIFIED BY VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI STATUS FOR PATIENTS IN THE MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-costs-benefits-and-net-benefit-of-gown-use-for-20nqba4t.png TABLE 3 COSTS, BENEFITS, AND NET BENEFIT OF GOWN USE FOR PATIENTS IN THE MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individualized-costs-associated-with-contact-2neg3esg.png TABLE 1 INDIVIDUALIZED COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTACT PRECAUTIONS AND VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI SURVEILLANCE IN THE MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT https://scispace.com/papers/a-correction-for-the-hartree-fock-density-of-states-for-5x66e87h5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excited-state-hf-results-for-jellium-for-various-l-r-n-1pbq4j1q.png FIG. 2. Excited-state HF results for jellium, for various Λ= R/N , compared to free electron results (dotted lines). (rs/a0= 4, ε0F = k 2 F/2.) Top: Energy vs wave vector dispersion relations λ(k). WhenΛ= 1, λ(k)= ε(k). Triangles (N) mark logarithmic divergence in dλ/dk at Fermi level of fictitious R-electron system. Bottom: DOS g (λ(k)), showing the zero at the Fermi level of the fictitious R-electron system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-solid-lines-show-ground-state-hf-results-for-jellium-8maimmfh.png FIG. 1. Solid lines show ground-state HF results for jellium, compared to free-electron results in dotted lines. (rs/a0= 4, ε0F = k 2 F/2.) Top: Energy vs wave vector dispersion relation ε(k). The logarithmic divergence in the derivative, dε/dk , is marked with a triangle (N). Bottom: DOS, showing the unphysical zero at the Fermi level for jellium. https://scispace.com/papers/a-critical-review-on-vocs-adsorption-by-different-porous-1140wl7tf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-adsorption-mechanism-of-ch3sh-on-cu-doped-mesoporous-19u0l1f1.png Fig. 12. Adsorption mechanism of CH3SH on Cu-doped mesoporous silica (Peng et al., 2018). 1005 1006 Metal/metal oxide doping is mainly in the form of metal salt solution impregnation, which 1007 greatly enhances the selective chemical adsorption of specific VOCs. The deposition of metal 1008 nanoparticles leads to the blockage of the outer surface and openings of pore structures, while the 1009 available surface area and pore volume of modified adsorbents can be reduced. It seems that the 1010 metal/metal oxide doping is suitable for the uptake of VOCs with low concentration due to the 1011 limited reaction sites. The potential adsorption mechanism between the metal/metal oxide and 1012 specific VOCs molecule need to be further explored. 1013 1014 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-comparison-between-bare-acf-and-pdms-coated-acfs-wmfkhchw.png Fig. 13. The comparison between bare-ACF and PDMS-coated ACFs (Kim et al., 2012). 1046 1047 The leading role of hydrophobicity and total micropore volume in water adsorption depended 1048 on the relative humidity condition in the air stream (Pwater/Pair) (Fig. 14). Liu et al. (2016) illustrated 1049 that hydrophobicity was dominant in Pwater/Pair= 0.1–0.6, because the surface adsorption of self-1050 accumulating water clusters was determined by the amount of hydrophilic sites on the adsorbent 1051 surface. While under the condition of Pwater/Pair= 0.7–1.0, hydrophobicity and total micropore 1052 volume both played key role in the water vapor adsorption due to the adsorption mechanism of 1053 pore filling along with surface adsorption. 1054 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-physiochemical-properties-and-performance-3f60sq5t.png Table 2 Summary of physiochemical properties and performance of different porous materials for VOC adsorption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-physiochemical-properties-of-adsorbents-ayu37jc3.png Table 3 Summary of physiochemical properties of adsorbents after chemical modification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-classification-of-different-vocs-79-80-the-2ch4q086.png Fig. 1. The classification of different VOCs 79 80 The emission of biogenic VOCs consisting of isoprene and monoterpenes accounts for almost 90% of 81 total global emissions (Guenther et al., 1995). With the accelerated urbanization and industrialization, the 82 emission amount of VOCs from anthropogenic sources in China are predicted to be persistently increased 83 above 5.9% annually (from 19.4 Tg in 2005 to 25.9 Tg in 2020) (Wei et al., 2011). As shown in Fig. 2, the 84 anthropogenic emission sources of VOCs are primarily derived from industrial process (43%), vehicle 85 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-contributions-of-total-micropore-volume-water-contact-2w4pbvkw.png Fig. 14. Contributions of total micropore volume, water contact angle, and acidic functional 1057 groups to water vapor adsorption under different relative humidity (Liu et al., 2016). 1058 1059 The surface hydrophobicity and water resistance of porous materials can be improved by 1060 organic polymer coating. The organic polymer coated adsorbents are suitable for VOCs adsorption 1061 under the humid conditions. The challenges to reduce the cost of organic polymer and simplify 1062 modification process are required to be overcome as well as the understanding of the interaction 1063 between organic polymer coated surface of adsorbents and VOCs. 1064 The detailed information of the above modification methods are elaborated in Table 3. 1065 1066 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-conventional-carbonization-and-activation-process-25s6fe4r.png Fig. 3. The conventional carbonization and activation process of biochar (Shen et al., 2019a; 2019b). 208 209 Briefly, the pore structure of untreated biochar is undeveloped, confining its VOCs adsorption capacity. 210 The physicochemical properties of biochar can be improved a lot by physical or chemical modification. 211 Biochar is regarded as a potential alternative to commercial AC due to its abundant raw materials, effective-212 low cost and low energy consumption. Similar to AC, there are drawbacks of biochar include the 213 flammability, pore blocking and hygroscopicity. Moreover, the production of biochar may cause the release 214 of VOCs which are harmful for the environment. The in-depth research on the complicated interaction 215 between surface groups of biochar and VOCs need to be taken far more effort. 216 217 https://scispace.com/papers/a-critical-evaluation-of-cryoprecipitate-for-replacement-of-41i5znrdvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-developments-in-treatment-of-1uk8fwc8.png Figure 1. Timeline of developments in treatment of haemophilia https://scispace.com/papers/a-cross-cultural-exploratory-study-of-the-linkage-between-khc4sxc0x3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychometric-properties-of-managerial-skill-scales-1ii9dn8k.png Table 2 Psychometric Properties of Managerial Skill Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-self-component-score-coefficients-and-factor-2wmmqzvz.png Table 4 Self Component Score Coefficients and Factor Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quadratic-equations-for-self-awareness-25q5lc38.png Table 5 Quadratic Equations for Self-Awareness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-socio-cultural-characteristics-3lkfdvhc.png Table 1 National Socio-cultural Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-levelplot-of-managerial-effectiveness-b6qk78s0.png Figure 1 Levelplot of Managerial Effectiveness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-managerial-effectiveness-as-a-function-of-reported-2shft7mn.png Figure 2 Managerial Effectiveness as a Function of Reported Skill Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associates-component-score-coefficients-and-factor-1s6qdi9m.png Table 3 Associates’ Component Score Coefficients and Factor Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/a-critical-look-into-rayleigh-damping-forces-for-seismic-1nb1yhrvb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-finite-element-meshes-for-structural-models-h1-1vg7pccw.png Figure 4. Finite element meshes for structural models H1 (black nodes only) and H2 (black and white nodes connected through inelastic joints). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-top-2nd-level-relative-displacement-left-and-nigz6b74.png Figure 15. [top] 2nd-level relative displacement [left] and relative acceleration [right] time histories; [bottom] 1st-level relative displacement [left] and relative acceleration [right] time histories. Experimental data (plain line / black) and numerical simulation with model G2 (dashed line with markers). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-beam-to-column-element-28tizsue.png Figure 6. Beam-to-column element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-experimental-black-and-simulated-grey-2nd-level-3l3t8aes.png Figure 16. Experimental (black) and simulated (grey) 2nd-level relative displacement [top] and relative acceleration [bottom] time histories. Simulations are run with model H1 along with massproportional Rayleigh damping (ξ̂1 = 3%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-experimental-black-and-simulated-grey-2nd-level-3f09zz4b.png Figure 17. Experimental (black) and simulated (grey) 2nd-level relative displacement [top] and relative acceleration [bottom] time histories. Simulations are run with model H2 along with massproportional Rayleigh damping (ξ̂1 = 3%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-elastic-response-spectrum-to-the-seismic-motion-2s2cwbt5.png Figure 3. Elastic response spectrum to the seismic motion with a critical viscous damping ratio of 5% (pseudo-acceleration with respect to period). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acceleration-time-history-recorded-on-the-base-of-d252leph.png Figure 2. Acceleration time history recorded on the base of the frame during the test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-concrete-behavior-laws-unconfined-plain-line-and-1zknw7ua.png Figure 8. Concrete behavior laws: unconfined (plain line) and confined (dashed line) concrete. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cross-cultural-user-evaluation-of-product-recommender-ktnq96wjfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparisons-regarding-objective-measures-23qt6zww.png Table 3. Comparisons regarding objective measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparisons-regarding-subjective-perceptions-1w7jlh08.png Table 4. Comparisons regarding subjective perceptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-rates-of-five-considered-factors-and-their-f5pdmmkn.png Table 5. Average rates of five considered factors and their priority order for each question (the rate was given on a 5- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-the-organization-based-recommender-1tp0va79.png Figure 1. Screenshot of the organization-based recommender interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-of-the-list-view-of-recommendations-2atk1sw4.png Figure 2. Screenshot of the list view of recommendations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographical-profiles-of-study-subjects-from-two-8v0wkx87.png Table 1. Demographical profiles of study subjects from two cultures (the number of users is in the bracket) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-questions-to-measure-subjective-variables-26ffwadb.png Table 2. Questions to measure subjective variables https://scispace.com/papers/a-data-driven-approach-to-quantifying-natural-human-motion-9owio4gtxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-percentage-of-each-type-of-testing-data-that-was-60otdf0w.png Table 1: The percentage of each type of testing data that was classified correctly by each classification method (using the point on the ROC curve with equal error rate). The number of test sequences for each type of motion is given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-roc-curves-for-each-of-the-26-hmm-and-the-combined-2446xgwe.png Figure 4: ROC curves for each of the 26 HMM and the combined ensemble HMM. The HMM for the individual joints are shown in red, for limbs in green, and for the full body in blue. The lowest curve corresponds to the right wrist which also causes the curve for the right arm to be low. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-of-the-ensemble-of-hmm-to-the-positive-and-12jrvsvp.png Figure 5: Response of the ensemble of HMM to the positive and the negative testing data. Each row shows the responses of all 26 models to a particular testing sequence. The intensity of the color (red to yellow) indicates a decreasing score (more unnatural). Each column corresponds to a single ensemble, grouped as follows: Ajoints, B-limbs, and C-full-body, (see Figure 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-roc-curves-for-each-statistical-model-and-for-3t9rx1gs.png Figure 3: The ROC curves for each statistical model and for the human subjects in our user study. The circle on each curve represents the equal error rate. The area under the ROC curve is given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-hierarchical-groups-of-features-a-at-the-2108qyse.png Figure 2: The three hierarchical groups of features. (a) At the lowest level each joint and its velocity form a feature group. Each feature group is illustrated as a green circle. The white circle represents the group of features from the root segment (linear velocity and angular velocity). (b) The next level consists of sets of joints grouped as limbs. (c) At the highest level, all the joints are combined into one feature group (without velocity information). https://scispace.com/papers/a-curse-of-dimensionality-free-numerical-method-for-a-class-3lvdt7tc42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-partial-with-respect-to-x1-extra-example-3ifl7an5.png Fig. 5. Partial with respect to x1, extra example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scaled-backsubstitution-error-4-d-case-1gh6ts4w.png Fig. 4. Scaled backsubstitution error (4-D case) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partial-with-respect-to-x4-4-d-case-2ve9im5x.png Fig. 3. Partial with respect to x4 (4-D case) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-partial-with-respect-to-x1-4-d-case-mqxfzf90.png Fig. 2. Partial with respect to x1 (4-D case) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-value-function-4-d-case-23505men.png Fig. 1. Value function (4-D case) https://scispace.com/papers/a-decision-support-system-for-planning-and-controlling-5abd7e0vti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-constraints-for-the-overall-1qrn0r5u.png Figure 1. The structure of constraints for the overall problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-case-for-which-a-common-set-of-prices-does-not-366yjn70.png Figure 2. A case for which a common set of prices does not exist. https://scispace.com/papers/a-dearth-of-young-and-bright-massive-stars-in-the-small-41ovw0o6hb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-the-visual-extinction-av-in-the-b10-881geify.png Fig. 6. Distribution of the visual extinction AV in the B10 sample when measured for each source individually. We also show the AV distribution of the subset for which we derive a luminosity higher than log(L/L ) = 5.5, and the subset of stars with an ‘e’ label in the B10 data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diagram-of-the-cumulative-distribution-of-the-ionizing-2cxii6di.png Fig. 7. Diagram of the cumulative distribution of the ionizing photon production rate Q. The stars in this cumulative distribution are sorted from a high to low Q. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-values-used-for-the-log-q-fit-the-resulting-values-29dpvtx7.png Table C.1. Values used for the log Q fit. The resulting values of ionizing photon production rate Q are also shown in units of photons per second for the observed population (Fig. 5), the synthetic population (Fig. 10, for reference), and the SMC WR stars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-d-1-diagrams-showing-positions-and-motions-of-sources-in-swsrvvvt.png Fig. D.1. Diagrams showing positions and motions of sources in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The top left panel shows the positions of the sources that are in the VSS. The bottom left panel shows the distribution of the integrated motion relative to the SMC of B10 sources (that are above the 18 M track in Fig. 5) since their birth (see text). The top and bottom right panel show the positions of these B10 sources now and integrated to their their moment of birth in the SMC, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-6-same-as-fig-b-5-but-here-the-extinction-is-hdpslarj.png Fig. B.6. Same as Fig. B.5, but here the extinction is calculated per star, rather than assuming a constant value of AV = 0.35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-5-same-as-fig-5-but-the-arrows-point-at-temperatures-3egnjioy.png Fig. B.5. Same as Fig. 5, but the arrows point at temperatures and luminosities of objects in various spectroscopic studies. D19 stands for Dufton et al. (2019), H08 for Hunter et al. (2008a), R19 for Ramachandran et al. (2019), M06 for Mokiem et al. (2006), B13 for Bouret et al. (2013), and T04/05 for Trundle et al. (2004) and Trundle et al. (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-7-same-as-fig-b-5-but-with-spectral-type-teff-prxs6qlu.png Fig. B.7. Same as Fig. B.5, but with spectral type - Teff relations of Pecaut & Mamajek (2013) instead of those from Table A.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-8-same-as-fig-b-5-but-with-with-spectral-types-taken-1jf6scyt.png Fig. B.8. Same as Fig. B.5, but with with spectral types taken fron Simbad instead of Bonanos et al. (2010). It contains 1095 sources instead of the 780 that are in our B10 sample HRD. https://scispace.com/papers/a-deliberate-bit-flipping-coding-scheme-for-data-dependent-4vkc57lc6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-average-probability-of-error-with-and-without-35ow1r3m.png Fig. 11. The average probability of error with and without incorporating for the cases (a) αg = 0 and αb ∈ [0.1 : 0.1 : 1], and (b) αg ∈ [0.001 : 0.001 : 0.01] and αb = 100× αg is presented. The BCH[1024, 728, 62], RM-(4, 10) and RM-(5, 10) codes are being used. The BER comparison results are obtained using the equations (33) and (34), and executing the GBP-guided DBF algorithm over at least 50,000 random instances of user messages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-factors-fi-j-of-a-2x-2-pattern-are-shown-b-the-1witmgkd.png Fig. 13. (a) Factors fi,j (·) of a 2× 2 pattern are shown. (b) The region graph corresponding to the factor graph is given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-figure-demonstrates-pi-j-over-a-rectangle-when-the-2f09lyds.png Fig. 3. Figure demonstrates Pi,j over a rectangle when the polyomino is: (a) a 2× 2 square and (b) a cross. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-set-of-all-binary-configurations-of-a-2x-2-square-2s4cleag.png Fig. 2. The set of all binary configurations of a 2× 2 square-shaped polyomino. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-figure-shows-the-ber-comparison-results-of-the-dbf-sskl25ll.png Fig. 12. Figure shows the BER comparison results of the DBF, bit-stuffing and row-by-row coding methods on the BSC with the cross-over probability (α). The effect of error propagation can be observed in the BER curve of bit-stuffing which shows that this method is vulnerable to channel errors. The coding rate of DBF with BCH-[1024, 923, 22] code is close to the bit-stuffing method, and the rate of DBF with BCH-[1024, 768, 54] is close to the rate of row-by-row coding method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-representation-for-the-channel-model-is-3athaieu.png Fig. 5. A schematic representation for the channel model is given. Passing through the channel, xi,j is in error with probability αb if the configuration of Pi,j , xPi,j , belongs to the set of harmful patterns XBPi,j , otherwise it inverts with a probability of αg . It should be noted that the top arm of the figure can be removed when αg = 0, which reduces the channel into a constrained 2-D channel with the list of forbidden configurations XBPi,j . However, in our channel removing the harmful patterns does not make the channel noiseless. Removing all the harmful patterns in the set XBPi,j before transmission through the channel, makes it a BSC with the cross-over probability αg . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-7x-7-binary-pattern-x-is-transmitted-through-the-yiuoyd17.png Fig. 6. A 7× 7 binary pattern x is transmitted through the channel with the set of 2-D isolated-bits patterns as the set of harmful patterns. The bits x2,6, x3,5, x3,6, x3,7, x4,6, x6,7, x7,6 and x7,7 belong to the 2-D isolated-bits patterns. Passing through the channel, the probability of error for these bits is αb, and for the rest of them is αg . https://scispace.com/papers/a-deep-learning-assisted-cooperative-diversity-method-under-243wk2as5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outage-probabilities-of-prs-ors-and-ostc-as-a-function-3jind0oi.png Fig. 4. Outage probabilities of PRS, ORS, and OSTC as a function of the end-to-end average SNR γ̄ = P/σ2n with K=4. Analytical results of ORS and OSTC are derived from (20) in [12], and that of PRS is from (25). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-df-cooperative-diversity-with-5ggjoqf9.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of DF cooperative diversity with different relaying strategies: ORS, PRS, and OSTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-a-dl-based-predictor-and-an-lstm-vgg2qeda.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of a DL-based predictor and an LSTM memory block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frame-structure-of-prs-csi-e-csi-estimation-csi-p-csi-15c4vfu6.png Fig. 3. Frame structure of PRS. CSI-E: CSI Estimation, CSI-P: CSI Prediction, CSI-B: CSI Buffering, CP: Contention Period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-configuration-399lk1kp.png TABLE I SIMULATION CONFIGURATION https://scispace.com/papers/a-dendritic-effect-in-homogeneous-catalysis-with-carbosilane-2fnta19r6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-esr-spectra-recorded-for-the-nickel-iii-complex16-25cz1zkw.png Figure 11. ESR spectra recorded for the nickel(III) complex16 and the precipitateP-5 derived from [G1]-Ni12 (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-metallodendritic-33lbn690.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of a metallodendritic catalyst.6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-structure-ofpara-functionalized-nickel-3hcgudv8.png Figure 2. Schematic structure ofpara-functionalized nickel complexes derived from the NCN ligand. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cyclic-voltammetry-results-of-the-model-compounds2-2d72dh02.png Table 1. Cyclic Voltammetry Results of the Model Compounds2 and3 and the Nickelated Dendrimers in CH3CNa,b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-space-filling-model-of-the-front-and-side-view-of-2dtx3nlb.png Figure 4. Space filling model of the “front” and “side” view of the calculated structure of [G1]-Ni12 (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maldi-tof-ms-of-g1-ni8-15-61498krv.png Figure 3. MALDI-TOF-MS of [G1]-Ni8 (15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-displacement-ellipsoid-plot-ortep-50-probability-3hvlufio.png Figure 10. Displacement ellipsoid plot (ORTEP, 50% probability level) of the molecular structure of16. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg) with esd’s in parentheses: Ni-Cl1 2.2761(5), Ni-Cl2 2.2756(6), Ni-C9 1.8850(16), Ni-N1 2.0324(14), Ni-N2 2.0283(14), Cl1-Ni-C9 164.01(6), N1-Ni-N2 154.05(6), N1-Ni-C9 82.46- (6), Cl1-Ni-N1 93.44(4), Cl2-Ni-N1 100.34(4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-visualization-of-the-catalytic-results-obtained-for-273y2kfp.png Figure 5. Visualization of the catalytic results obtained for nickelated compounds2, 4, 5, and7. Abbreviations used:C ) conversion,t ) time. The curve corresponding to the catalytic performance of3 has been omitted for clarity reasons. https://scispace.com/papers/a-deep-test-of-radial-differential-rotation-in-a-helium-35w3l0uhmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contours-of-the-goodness-of-fit-srms-from-our-3fbdcrzb.png Figure 5. Contours of the goodness of fit, srms, from our preliminary asteroseismic analysis of PG 0112+104. The scale runs linearly in tenths of seconds; darker regions correspond to a better fit, such that the darkest colors visible are twice as good a fit as the lightest colors. We mark the best asteroseismic solution as a white dotand mark the 2σ spectroscopically determined atmospheric parameters from Dufour et al. (2010) in blue. The gray point marks the best fit if f9 is an =ℓ 2 mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fourier-transforms-of-the-k2-data-of-pg-0112-104-18x81q3e.png Figure 1. Fourier transforms of the K2 data of PG 0112+104. The top panel shows the FT out to the Nyquist frequency of our sampling rate of 58.8 s, and subsequent panels show the regions of pulsation variability in more detail. Figure 2 shows the low-frequency variability. Our significance threshold is marked as a dotted red line and defined in the text; significant periodicities are marked as blue dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-the-inferred-m-0-periods-for-the-consecutive-2o3xr672.png Figure 6. Top: the inferred m=0 periods for the consecutive series of =ℓ 1 modes identified in Figure 3. The first-order best fit estimates the asymptotic mean period spacing of 39.9±2.6 s. Middle: deviation from the asymptotic period spacing. Bottom: the average splittings for each radial order, which are correlated with the deviations from the asymptotic period spacing. Both result from mode-trapping effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-similar-to-figure-6-we-show-the-inferred-m-0-1ex16bzo.png Figure 7. Top: similar to Figure 6, we show the inferred m=0 periods for the consecutive series of =ℓ 2 modes identified in Figure 4. The first-order best fit estimates the asymptotic mean period spacing of 22.1±2.0 s. Middle: deviation from the asymptotic period spacing. Bottom: the average splittings for each radial order, which are correlated with the deviations from the asymptotic period spacing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-present-in-pg-0112-104-2l7sym6t.png Table 1 Frequencies Present in PG 0112+104 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2xd4808e.png Table 1 Frequencies Present in PG 0112+104 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-panel-shows-the-low-frequency-ft-of-pg-0112-104-15w9n7vn.png Figure 2. Top panel shows the low-frequency FT of PG 0112+104. We identify two significant peaks, marked with red dots, which describe photometric modulation at the rotation period and its first harmonic. The bottom panel shows the K2 light curve binned into 200 points, folded at the rotation period of 10.17404 hr, and repeated for clarity. A simple spot model is underplotted in red and described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-periods-of-likely-m-0-components-38l4zs5h.png Table 2 Periods of Likely m=0 Components https://scispace.com/papers/a-design-algorithm-to-model-fibre-paths-for-manufacturing-of-4cpw8ji90g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-flat-square-plate-with-a-hole-reference-paths-1ii8ymut.png Figure 9. Flat square plate with a hole: reference paths optimised for structures and paths optimised for manufacturing with gap and overlap analysis for each ply (green: gap and blue: overlap) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-curve-smoothing-approach-to-comply-with-minimum-1vm5m0mw.png Figure 2. Curve smoothing approach to comply with minimum turning radius constraint https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-results-of-ply-4-of-flat-square-plate-2pl1ztek.png Table 2. Analysis of results of ply 4 of flat square plate with a hole showing angle deviations, gaps and overlaps, and tow-drops that would be needed to remove the overlaps https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-results-for-the-design-of-reference-ref-35z8y09l.png Table 3. Analysis of results for the design of reference (Ref) and manufacturing (Mfg) fibre paths of windshield front fairing Case study Windshield front fairing Ply orientation (deg) 0 45 90 Description Ref. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approach-for-fibre-path-modelling-for-manufacturing-1cbemolf.png Figure 1. Approach for fibre path modelling for manufacturing, including for each step (boxes): input and output variables (left and right side of boxes), conditions and constraints applicable (in bold at top side of boxes), and enablers and algorithms used (in italic at bottom side of boxes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-case-study-used-and-representation-of-modelled-2ukx78f9.png Figure 3. (a) Case study used and representation of modelled curves; (b) graph of the effect of refinement of interpolation on computation time; (c) graph of the effect of refinement on average angle deviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-tow-modelling-of-different-design-solutions-with-31iek0wq.png Figure 11. Tow modelling of different design solutions with tow-dropping (coverage = 10% overlap; MCL= 80 mm) for ply 4 of flat square plate with a hole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generation-of-two-reference-curves-on-a-plate-with-1ph8rbk8.png Figure 4. Generation of two reference curves on a plate with a hole with course width = 25.4mm and different input values for gap/overlap proportion (coverage) https://scispace.com/papers/a-design-of-subject-model-for-web-based-education-system-5l9ji93xqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hypothetical-course-model-112lfelp.png Figure 3. Hypothetical course model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-subject-module-mi-with-its-associated-concepts-2kg4i27q.png Figure 2. A Subject Module Mi with its associated concepts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modules-and-concepts-of-the-subject-communication-3mrlwfyt.png Figure 4. Modules and concepts of the subject: Communication Protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-communication-course-design-model-2wacqfc4.png Figure 5. Communication course design model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-web-education-architecture-1nthew3h.png Figure 1. Web-Education Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/a-design-theory-for-cognitive-workflow-systems-338hfwrgfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-workdegow-models-in-relation-to-182vmli2.png Table 3. Evaluation of work°ow models in relation to proposed design principles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-action-research-cycle-with-pre-study-adapted-from-35-2k6yqhdp.png Fig. 1. Action research cycle with pre-study (adapted from [35]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-design-theory-for-cws-w12argd9.png Table 4. Design theory for CWS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-characteristics-and-their-system-support-2hr223m9.png Table 1. Summary of characteristics and their system support requirements. https://scispace.com/papers/a-detail-preserving-vector-median-filter-based-on-texture-3a31y473vh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-vmf-bvdf-ddf-and-the-proposed-zjccx5gw.png Table 1. The results of VMF、BVDF、DDF and the proposed algorithm for Parrots image with different noise ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-test-color-images-30m026ns.png Fig. 1. Two test color images https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-results-of-vmf-bvdf-ddf-and-the-proposed-2hxttkn5.png Table 2. The results of VMF、BVDF、DDF and the proposed algorithm for Lena image with different noise ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-amplification-of-a-part-of-filtered-image-lena-1lhblv02.png Fig. 3. The amplification of a part of Filtered image (Lena with 10% noise) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-filtered-image-parrots-with-20-noise-4qs65uay.png Fig. 2. Filtered image (Parrots with 20% noise) https://scispace.com/papers/a-dialogue-with-the-data-the-bayesian-foundations-of-h9k4y2i2f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-old-vs-new-evidence-zjh4uzul.png Figure 1. Old vs. New Evidence https://scispace.com/papers/a-diagnostic-study-of-waves-on-the-tropopause-39hmh4537h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-latitude-section-of-zonal-mean-ke-shades-and-of-14j6mweo.png FIG. 4. Time–latitude section of zonal-mean KE (shades) and of the latitudinal gradient of QGPV (contours) at 300 hPa. Contour intervals are 4 10 11 m 1 s 1. Two annual cycles are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-vertical-distributions-of-ke-short-dashed-pe-long-38fly1fl.png FIG. 9. Vertical distributions of KE (short dashed), PE (long dashed), and PE/KE (solid) at 50°S in each month of January through December. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-probability-distribution-functions-of-background-101szmwa.png FIG. 14. Probability distribution functions of background dynamical tropopause height at 50°S as a function of pressure in each month from January to December. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-horizontal-distributions-of-zonal-wind-shades-and-2it40cek.png FIG. 5. Horizontal distributions of zonal wind (shades) and latitudinal gradient of QGPV (contours) at 300 hPa in the SH from January through December. Dashed circles show latitudes of 60° and 30°S. Contour intervals are 8 10 11 m 1 s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-longitude-pressure-lag-correlation-diagrams-of-high-3uq84tku.png FIG. 8. Longitude–pressure lag-correlation diagrams of high-pass-filtered (a) geopotential, (b) temperature, and (c) omega velocity at 50°S averaged over the same cases as plotted in Fig. 7. Crosses represent the reference points. Contour intervals are 0.1. Top axis represents a horizontal distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-vertical-distributions-of-pe-ke-with-the-next-order-2xcrcg8f.png FIG. 13. Vertical distributions of PE/KE with the next-order corrections in Rossby number. Solid, dashed, dotted, and dasheddotted lines represent the PE/KE for 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-zonal-cross-sections-of-a-d-nondimensional-vafeokzl.png FIG. 12. Zonal cross sections of (a), (d) nondimensional streamfunction, (b), (e) dimensional potential temperature, and (c), (f) vertical velocity of (a)–(c) QG and (d)–(f) QG 1 solutions. Contour intervals are 0.025 in (a) and (d), 1 K in (b) and (e), and 1 mm s 1 in (c) and (f). Dashed contours represent negative values. Thick solid lines represent the tropopause. Top axis represents a horizontal distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-same-as-fig-5-but-for-ke-rather-than-zonal-wind-3iy3g8mh.png FIG. 6. The same as Fig. 5, but for KE rather than zonal wind (shades). https://scispace.com/papers/a-differential-evolution-particle-swarm-optimizer-for-uk090dwbfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-simulation-results-for-test-system-326etofo.png Table 5. Comparison of the simulation results for test system 1. 374 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-the-simulation-results-for-reserve-3i8usfco.png Table 6. Comparison of the simulation results for reserve constrained MAED (RCMAED) problem of test 385 system 1. 386 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-convergence-characteristics-of-algorithms-for-reserve-1y656xjb.png Fig. 3. Convergence characteristics of algorithms for reserve constrained MAED (RCMAED) 389 problem of test system 1. 390 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-simulation-results-for-d-50-315-4tcr5pvy.png Table 2. Comparison of the simulation results for D=50. 315 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-simulation-results-for-d-100-317-1syaf627.png Table 3. Comparison of the simulation results for D=100. 317 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-the-simulation-results-for-reserve-3w3tjpym.png Table 10. Comparison of the simulation results for reserve constrained multi area 437 environmental/economic dispatch (RCMAEED) problem of test system 2. 438 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-comparison-of-the-hslso-and-other-algorithms-for-3ptyosy4.png Table 13. Comparison of the HSLSO and other algorithms for benchmark test functions. 484 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-characteristics-of-algorithms-for-2crrjecw.png Fig. 6. Convergence characteristics of algorithms for Rastrigin function with D=60. 487 488 489 https://scispace.com/papers/a-detailed-study-on-the-reflection-component-for-the-black-dtzneth8jo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unfolded-suzaku-spectra-fitted-by-ignoring-the-4-7-y607t1pt.png Figure 1. Unfolded Suzaku spectra fitted by ignoring the 4–7 keV energy band, but including when plotted. In the top panel, the total, diskbb, and powerlaw components are black, red, and green dotted lines, respectively. In the bottom panel, the curvature in the data-to-model ratio plot shows the clear signature of the disc reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-xspec-using-steppar-command-to-search-the-best-1g1qc7ms.png Figure 5. In XSPEC, using ‘steppar’ command to search the best fit for 20 values of a∗ from 0.8 to 1 for Model 1–4. The black, blue, red, and green solid lines are used to represent the results obtained from Model 1, 2, 3, and 4 successively. The 68 per cent, 90 per cent, and 99 per cent confidence intervals are indicated by the grey lines. https://scispace.com/papers/a-different-approach-for-calculating-franck-condon-factors-3g81anfpav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-first-band-of-the-clo2-he-i-pe-spectrum-4s27vuep.png FIG. 5. Simulated first band of the ClO2 He I PE spectrum using the PEF calculated by Peterson and Werner~Refs. 46 and 47!. The dashed and solid lines represent our first-order and second-order anharmonic spectra, respectively. The geometry of ClO2 is the experimental one~Refs. 51 and 52! and the geometrical parameters of the cation areRCl–O51.411 Å anduO–Cl–O5121.8°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-first-band-of-the-clo2-he-i-pe-spectrum-2ux06kay.png FIG. 1. Simulated first band of the ClO2 He I PE spectrum using harmonic FCF’s obtained from the QCISD PES. The dashed and solid lines represent our work and that of Moket al. ~Ref. 25!, respectively. The geometry of ClO2 is the experimental one~Refs. 51 and 52! and the geometrical parameters of the cation areRCl–O51.410 Å anduO–Cl–O5121.8°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-dashed-line-and-experimental-solid-line-m577dffa.png FIG. 4. Simulated~dashed line! and experimental~solid line! first band of the ClO2 He I PE spectrum. The theoretical second-order anharmonic spectrum is obtained by us using the PEF calculated by Peterson and Werner~Refs. 46 and 47! and the experimental geometry for ClO2 ~Refs. 51 and 52! and RCl–O 51.411 Å anduO–Cl–O5121.80° as geometrical parameters for the cation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-first-band-of-the-clo2-he-i-pe-spectrum-24f5vmpq.png FIG. 3. Simulated first band of the ClO2 He I PE spectrum using PEF calculated by Peterson and Werner~Refs. 46 and 47!. The dashed and solid lines represent the second-order anharmonic spectra obtained by us and that obtained by Moket al. ~Ref. 25!, respectively. The geometry of ClO2 is the experimental one~Refs. 51 and 52! and the geometrical parameters of the cation areRCl–O51.411 Å anduO–Cl–O5121.80 for our work andRCl–O 51.414 Å anduO–Cl–O5121.80 for Moket al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-dashed-line-and-experimental-ref-43-solid-1yuo9m61.png FIG. 2. Simulated~dashed line! and experimental~Ref. 43! ~solid line! first band of the ClO2 He I PE spectrum. Our theoretical harmonic spectrum is obtained using the OCISD PES. The geometry of ClO2 is the experimental one~Refs. 51 and 52! and the geometrical parameters of the cation areRCl–O51.410 Å and uO–Cl–O5121.8°. https://scispace.com/papers/a-discontinuous-galerkin-method-with-plane-waves-for-sound-1wd95q3gvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-example-of-mesh-with-h-0-16-for-the-square-352bkr48.png Figure 2. (a) Example of mesh with h = 0.16 for the square problem. (b) Example of solution pf for the first compression wave with f = 1000 Hz and θs = π/12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-l2-error-e-on-pf-for-the-compression-wave-h17nlgek.png Figure 8. Relative L2 error ε on pf for the compression wave in the solid as a function of (a) the number of degrees of freedom, (b) the number of non-zero entries in the matrix. Parameters are θs = 0, f = 1 kHz, δθ = π/Nw. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-porous-material-2q8paxxl.png Table I. Properties of the porous material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-an-interface-gee-between-two-elements-right-saixdbgz.png Figure 1. Left: an interface Γee′ between two elements. Right: Example of plane wave directions forNw = 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convergence-with-frequency-a-relative-l2-error-e-on-12291pa2.png Figure 6. Convergence with frequency: (a) relative L2 error ε on pf for the first compression wave, (b) relative L2 error ε on vs for the shear wave. Parameters are θs = 0, h = 0.1, δθ = π/Nw. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conditioning-of-the-numerical-model-for-the-first-1freejxt.png Figure 7. Conditioning of the numerical model for the first compression wave with a mesh resolution h = 0.1. (a) Condition number as a function of frequency. (b) Relative error ε on pf as a function of the condition number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-example-of-solution-pf-for-f-1000-hz-without-the-1syu94nu.png Figure 12. (a) Example of solution pf for f = 1000 Hz without the thin film. (b) Example of mesh with h = 0.6 for the scattering by a cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-relative-error-e-on-pf-and-pa-in-l2-norm-as-a-2jzsvfcu.png Figure 13. Relative error ε on pf and pa in L2 norm as a function of the mesh resolution, for the case without thin film at f = 1000 Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/a-distributed-greedy-algorithm-for-constructing-connected-4nezbrg7iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coloring-after-phase-2-3h9qgv1k.png Figure 3: Coloring after Phase 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-network-with-sensing-radius-shown-and-2wdt1rhp.png Figure 1: Example network (with sensing radius shown) and resulting graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coloring-after-two-rounds-of-phase-1-1i5o9rax.png Figure 2: Coloring after two rounds of Phase 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fields-for-a-given-sensor-node-v-36hpls9g.png Table 1: Fields for a given sensor node v https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-node-color-assignments-for-phase-1-32fo2fam.png Table 2: Node color assignments for Phase 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-average-size-of-the-cds-as-the-range-is-varied-b-19vd2vsi.png Figure 4: a. Average size of the CDS as the range is varied, b. Size of the CDS for different networks with range=15 https://scispace.com/papers/a-distant-fast-radio-burst-associated-with-its-host-galaxy-2j0wgiwhu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cut-out-images-from-keck-lris-and-gemini-gmos-145ri4i7.png Figure 5. Cut-out images from Keck/LRIS and Gemini/GMOS centered on the candidate FRB. The dashed line shows the 1σ radio centroid region. Source A (brighter, to south) is red with brightest flux in the Iband. Source B (fainter, to north) is bluer with colors indicative of star formation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optical-candidates-14okr3lc.png Table 2 Optical Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-left-the-photometric-measurements-of-sourcea-1w5vgu4c.png Figure 6. (Top left) The photometric measurements of sourceA with best-fit model in blue. SED in filters shows the best-fit template fluxes in each filter, with the black points showing the measured flux in the filters. (Bottom left) The redshift posterior for sourceA as estimated by EAZY. The red dashed line shows the expectation value of the redshift over the posterior. With the pink shaded region marking the 16–84th percentile range. The stated σ associated with zphot is half of the difference between the upper and lower limits shown above. (Right) Same as the left panels, but for sourceB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-stokesi-dynamic-spectrum-for-the-candidate-frb-dwhb29fk.png Figure 1. (Left) StokesI dynamic spectrum for the candidate FRB as seen by VLA/realfast. The dynamic spectrum was generated by summing calibrated visibilities for all baselines and the two orthogonal polarizations. The gap and higher noise level toward the top left of the dynamic spectrum results from when the data recording was initiated. (Right) StokesI spectrum taken from a single 5ms integration of the dynamic spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-circles-show-the-cumulative-distribution-of-5e0z88to.png Figure 2. Circles show the cumulative distribution of candidates in this observing campaign as a function of image S/N ratio. The solid line shows the expected cumulative event rate for a Gaussian (noise-like) S/N distribution. The yellow cross shows the candidate FRB S/N ratio after refinement analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-range-of-extragalactic-dm-contributions-158oru38.png Figure 7. Range of extragalactic DM contributions (predominantly from the IGM and galaxy group halos) predicted by the model of Prochaska & Zheng (2019). The mean and 68% range of the distribution is shown in red. The nominal value of DM = -812 pc cmx 3 inferred for FRB 20190614D in Section 3.2 is shown here as a dotted black line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-properties-of-frb-20190614d-with-1s-errors-1ofvgu1v.png Table 1 Measured Properties of FRB 20190614D with 1σ Errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deep-1-4-ghz-radio-image-of-the-frb180814-field-221xpsvl.png Figure 3. Deep 1.4 GHz radio image of the FRB180814 field with the location of FRB 20190614D shown with white cross-hairs. Black contours show radio brightness levels of 25 and 50 μJy. No persistent radio emission brighter than 3σ(11 μJy) is seen at the location of the new FRB. The noise level of this image is 3.6 μJybeam−1, and the beam shape is (3 6, 2 8, 78°), marked by a yellow ellipse in the bottom left corner of the image. https://scispace.com/papers/a-dynamic-programming-approach-to-price-installment-options-27qyydkmi6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-installment-warrant-prices-and-the-dilution-effect-1zxjtcwu.png Table 3: Installment warrant prices and the dilution effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-io-prices-and-installment-level-hjmor4dq.png Table 2: IO prices and installment level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2aln4bt7.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-installment-warrants-listings-and-volume-tra66fex.png Figure 3: Installment warrants listings and volume https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-26hg3ysb.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-io-prices-and-computational-time-3bgovnp7.png Table 1: IO prices and computational time https://scispace.com/papers/a-dynamic-analysis-of-tourism-determinants-in-sicily-2jfjqlkanv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-real-vs-simulated-number-of-restaurants-in-sicily-1iqxqj7f.png Figure 5.3: Real vs simulated number of restaurants in Sicily. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-real-vs-simulated-average-number-of-bed-places-1t6wayzu.png Figure 5.2: Real vs simulated average number of bed-places per hotel in Sicily. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-sketch-of-the-culture-sector-1kzecqsu.png Figure 3.3: Sketch of the culture sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-mafia-murders-pickpoketing-and-bag-snatching-in-2kwbwonq.png Table 14: Mafia murders, pickpoketing and bag-snatching in Sicily. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-11dsdi26.png Table 15: Unemployment by sex and age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16-real-vs-simulated-norwegian-tourists-in-sicily-3d0na6xp.png Figure 5.16: Real vs simulated Norwegian tourists in Sicily. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-17-real-vs-simulated-spanish-tourists-in-sicily-3hezoxuz.png Figure 5.17: Real vs simulated Spanish tourists in Sicily. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-number-of-establishments-bedrooms-and-bed-places-j4mqoxc3.png Table 8: Number of establishments, bedrooms and bed-places. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-algorithm-for-license-plate-detection-in-various-19u1dzmm13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-working-flow-of-cascade-classifier-where-12-6-2pkzuw6u.png Fig. 1 The working flow of cascade classifier, where 1,2,…,6 represent the layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-relations-of-scaling-factor-with-detection-rate-20r7kukp.png Fig. 6. The relations of scaling factor with detection rate and average processing time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-detection-results-of-some-vehicle-images-22ip7lh7.png Fig. 7. Detection results of some vehicle images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-four-types-of-haar-like-features-1hk4yak3.png Fig. 4. Four types of Haar-like features https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-some-examples-of-the-license-plates-used-in-our-2h1rldnw.png Fig. 5. Some examples of the license plates used in our experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-areas-with-different-gradient-distributions-12pyz93z.png Fig. 3. Areas with different gradient distributions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-original-image-a-and-the-vertical-edge-maps-b-33x1z6mf.png Fig. 2. The original image (a) and the vertical edge maps (b) through (e) of the two marked regions in (a), where (b) and (d) are obtained from previous algorithms. (c) and (e) are obtained from our algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-and-reliable-strategy-to-generate-talen-mediated-gene-2hcxq41m5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-the-screening-of-the-two-alleles-via-26tdqg4c.png Table 1 Evaluation of the screening of the two alleles via PCR and Southern Blot. Detected mutagenic events are indicated in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-southern-blots-using-digested-genomic-dna-of-either-u7ge9k5f.png Fig. 4. Southern Blots using digested genomic DNA of either wild type or transformed cell lines. Shifts of the DNA fragments can be caused either by insertion or deletion events. Shifted DNA bands due to insertions or deletions are marked with arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-southern-blot-using-digested-genomicdna-of-eitherwild-3ic7um2z.png Fig. 5. Southern Blot using digested genomicDNA of eitherwild type or transformed cell lines. Shifts of theDNA fragments can be caused either by insertion or deletion events. Shifted DNA bands due to insertions and deletions are marked with arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-western-blot-of-wild-type-and-two-mono-allelic-as-well-g2mr9m37.png Fig. 6. Western Blot of wild type and two mono-allelic as well as four bi-allelic cell lines (marked with a *) after re-isolation using the PtAUREO1a antiserum. The expected molecular weight of PtAUREO is 41.5 kDa. A D1-specific antiserum was used as a loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-talen-assembly-process-lkguikzl.png Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the TALEN assembly process (according to [33]) and the resulting plasmids. Six monomers are assembled into hexamers corresponding to the desired target site in a golden-gate type reaction from a library consisting of 72 monomers (18 positions of the TALEN target site and 4 different RVDs), allowing assembly of multiple fragments in the desired order in a single step. Three of these hexamers are then ligated in a second golden gate-type reaction into the plasmid containing the first RVD (always NG) and the last half RVD (HD, NG, NI or NN, depending on the target site). Correct insertion of the target sequence needs to be verified by colony PCR (insert size: 2.2 kbp). Clones indicated to be positive by colony PCR should be verified by restriction digest with AfeI (expected fragment lengths: 5 kbp, 2.2 kbp and 165 bp; exemplary shown in Fig. S1) as well as sequencing of the inserted fragment. fcpA: FcpA ( = Lhcf1) promoter; FokI: endonuclease; N-/C-term: N and C terminus, respectively; Nat: nourseothricin resistance cassette; NR: nitrate reductase promoter; RVD: repeat variable di-residue; Sh ble: Zeocin resistance cassette. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-pigment-composition-and-non-1oqojicx.png Table 2 Analysis of pigment composition and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity of wild type (wt) and the four bi-allelic PtAUREO1a knockout strains (6, 8, 9 and 11). Chlorophyll a (Chl a) was determined photometrically (wild type n=5, bi-allelicmutants n=3), whereas the other pigmentswere assayed by HPLC (n=2). Pigmentswere isolated from strains being inmid exponential growth phase and having comparable Chl a per culture-volume ratios. NPQwasmeasured by PAM fluorometry (n=3). Statistical significant differences compared to the wild type were calculated using Student's t-test (*: p b 0.01; **:p b 0.001). XC pool: xanthopyll cycle pool (diadinoxanthin + diatoxanthin). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-50-cells-of-the-wildtype-and-eachmutant-strain-6-8-9-2uw7t7kd.png Fig. 7. 50 cells of the wildtype and eachmutant strain (6, 8, 9, 11, 14) were examinedmicroscopically and cell width (A) and length (B) wasmeasured. Cell volume was approximated as two cone shapes (C). The bi-allelic knockout mutants are marked with a *. Whiskers represent the outermost data point within the 1.5-fold of the interquartile range; outliers are represented by an x. Different letters represent statistical significant differences in cell width, length or volume between strains (One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD, p b 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-drawing-of-ptaureo1a-and-its-geneproduct-15d77d89.png Fig. 3. Schematic drawing of PtAureo1a and its geneproduct PtAUREO1a including conserved domains (bZIP in red and LOV inblue). The TALEN recognition sites are indicated by a grey line and the FokI endonuclease domains are symbolized by scissors. The predicted cutting site of the TALEN pair within the gene and its relative location within the gene product and its conserved domains is indicated by dashed lines. The allele-specific difference of PtAureo1a at position 81 (T/G) in strain Pt4 is indicated by an arrow, an 102 bp intron region by an inverted triangle shape and the binding site of the Southern blot probe by a magenta-colored line. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-method-for-high-resolution-voiced-unvoiced-detection-4qqg75vvgi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flow-diagram-of-phase-2-estimation-of-glottal-1g2ehzup.png Fig. 5. Flow diagram of Phase 2: Estimation of glottal parameters of the entire speech signal by using the glottal flow derivative (GFD) of Phase 1. Phase 2 consists of two steps: a) step 1 finds a highly-voiced frame inside a larger voiced segment and estimates a robust pitch period, b) step 2 ”fills the voiced-gaps” to the left and right of the highly-voiced frame. BOF is for beginning of frame and EOF is for end of frame. The pitch period estimate is denoted by de. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-of-voicing-offsets-detection-using-gefba-a-25prmjrv.png Fig. 9. Example of voicing offsets detection using GEFBA: (a) speech segment, (b) derivative of the electroglottograph (dEGG) signal, (c) linear prediction (LP) residual, (d) GFD. Stars and ’x’-marks denote the corresponding GCIs and GOIs, respectively, as extracted from the dEGG using the SIGMA algorithm, while ’+’ and ’o’ denote the estimated GCIs and GOIs, respectively, using the GEFBA algorithm. Clearly, the dEGG does not have sharp epochs at the voicing offset and, thus, GCIs/GOIs cannot be entirely estimated via the SIGMA algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vud-and-gci-goi-detection-performance-of-all-z9a082ji.png Fig. 8. VUD and GCI/GOI detection performance, of all algorithms in both (SAM, APLAWD) databases contaminated with additive car-interior noise, using the evaluation criteria described in Section IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vud-and-gci-goi-detection-performance-of-all-34lbeq57.png Fig. 7. VUD and GCI/GOI detection performance, of all algorithms in both (SAM, APLAWD) databases contaminated with additive babble noise, using the evaluation criteria described in Section IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-all-methods-on-clean-speech-using-the-3bkf3ndj.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE OF ALL METHODS ON CLEAN SPEECH USING THE EVALUATION CRITERIA DESCRIBED IN SECTION IV. EACH ENTRY PAIR OF NUMBERS DENOTES GCI AND GOI ESTIMATION PERFORMANCE. V DENOTES THE “VOICED-ONLY” VERSION OF THE CORRESPONDING ALGORITHM. BEST PERFORMANCES OF “VOICED-ONLY” VERSIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED WITH BOLD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vud-and-gci-goi-detection-performance-of-all-s3mai3oc.png Fig. 6. VUD and GCI/GOI detection performance, of all algorithms in both (SAM, APLAWD) databases contaminated with additive white Gaussian noise, using the evaluation criteria described in Section IV. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-parallel-algorithm-for-selected-inversion-of-2hop1z2zco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lower-triangular-factor-l-of-a-sparse-10x-10-23bjmzcn.png Figure 1: The lower triangular factor L of a sparse 10× 10 matrix A and the corresponding elimination tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-log-log-plot-of-total-wall-clock-time-and-total-59a7vc04.png Figure 8: Log-log plot of total wall clock time and total Gflops with respect to number of processors, compared with ideal scaling. The grid size starts from 1023× 1023, and is proportional to the number of processors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-scalability-of-parallel-computation-used-to-ge66sy1g.png Table 3: The scalability of parallel computation used to obtain A−1 for A for increasing system sizes. The largest grid size is 65, 535× 65, 535 and corresponding matrix size is approximately 4.3 billion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-number-of-flops-performed-on-each-processor-for-3jmga6pr.png Figure 9: The number of flops performed on each processor for computing the diagonal of A−1 defined on a 4, 095× 4, 095 grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-nonzero-structure-of-the-l-3124-block-in-b-as-1uz90dn2.png Figure 6: The nonzero structure of the L(31,24) block in (b) as well as the absolute and relative positions of the nonzero contribution L(31, 24)⊗ Y(24) in the work space created for L(31, 25)⊗ Y(25) and Y(31) can be determined by examing the geometry relationship among supernodes 24, 25 and 31. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-average-memory-usage-per-processor-as-a-2c8pbzsr.png Figure 12: The average memory usage per processor as a function of the number of processors used and the size of the grid. The memory cost per core depends on the matrix dimension logarithmically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-separator-tree-associated-with-the-nested-1jpsrm6f.png Figure 3: The separator tree associated with the nested dissection of the 15×15 grid shown in Figure 2(a) can also be viewed as the supernode elimination tree associated with the LDLT factorization of the 2D Laplacian defined on that grid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-single-processor-performance-1fiuqolr.png Table 1: Single processor performance https://scispace.com/papers/a-feature-oriented-alternative-to-implementing-reliability-288oer2rn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adding-functionality-using-wrappers-q1qab6u1.png Fig. 1. Adding functionality using wrappers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layered-refinement-in-ahead-3me6lrie.png Fig. 2. Layered refinement in AHEAD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-layers-of-a-simple-middleware-2csv7se3.png Fig. 7. Layers of a simple middleware. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-grouping-bounded-retry-layers-into-a-collective-3gaqbupq.png Fig. 9. Grouping bounded-retry layers into a collective. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interfaces-in-the-message-service-1d0esey5.png Fig. 3. Interfaces in the message service. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-silent-backup-client-configuration-1imyf8db.png Fig. 10. Silent backup client configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-layered-implementation-of-the-bounded-retry-strategy-1ujmv7ci.png Fig. 8. Layered implementation of the bounded retry strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-message-service-realm-layers-xeokbd8n.png Fig. 4. Message service realm layers. https://scispace.com/papers/a-finite-difference-method-for-an-initial-boundary-value-w12u503bnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-3-computed-solutions-with-the-method-12-for-1q9p48lq.png Figure 3: Example 3: Computed solutions with the method (12) for N = M = 64 and α = 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-3-approximated-values-of-u-tn-l2-01-using-18fh3936.png Figure 4: Example 3: Approximated values of ‖u(·, tn)‖L2(0,1) using (12) with N = M = 256 and α = 1.2 (solid line), α = 1.4 (dashed line), α = 1.6 (dotted line) and α = 1.8 (dash-dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-2-maximum-two-mesh-nodal-differences-and-al010ss6.png Table 3: Example 2: Maximum two-mesh nodal differences and orders of convergence https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-example-2-maximum-two-mesh-nodal-differences-and-8wje9ng3.png Table 4: Example 2: Maximum two-mesh nodal differences and orders of convergence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-2-computed-solutions-with-the-method-12-for-2r7rcsvi.png Figure 1: Example 2: Computed solutions with the method (12) for N = M = 64 and α = 1.2, 1.6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-1-maximum-nodal-errors-and-orders-of-29tu7c3a.png Table 2: Example 1: Maximum nodal errors and orders of convergence https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-1-maximum-nodal-errors-and-orders-of-wwma1ng8.png Table 1: Example 1: Maximum nodal errors and orders of convergence https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-example-3-maximum-two-mesh-nodal-differences-and-1vi53fga.png Table 5: Example 3: Maximum two-mesh nodal differences and orders of convergence https://scispace.com/papers/a-first-principles-study-of-the-vibrational-properties-of-3x8ch6m139 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-average-mode-specific-gruneisen-parameter-of-2jx5eral.png Figure 6. (a) The average mode-specific Grüneisen parameter of tetracene crystal as a function of mode frequency for the intermolecular low frequency modes. (b) The modespecific Grüneisen parameter of tetracene crystal at as a function of mode frequency for the modes with frequencies below 600 cm -1 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-raman-spectra-of-lt-tetracene-structure-at-15ejd05q.png Figure 7. The Raman spectra of LT tetracene structure at ambient pressure conditions (solid line) and under hydrostatic pressure of 280MPa (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretically-dft-lda-calculated-dispersion-320bvjtn.png Figure 2. Theoretically DFT-LDA calculated dispersion relations for LT tetracene along the principal symmetry directions and some other points in BZ along the path described in Figure 2. The intermolecular modes in (a) and (b) are at ambient pressure and under hydrostatic pressure of 280MPa, respectively. The intermolecular and low-laying intramolecular modes in (c) and (d) are at ambient pressure and under hydrostatic pressure of 280MPa, respectively. The high symmetry points of the BZ are labelled relative to the cell vectors according to reference [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dft-lda-lattice-parameters-for-tetracene-3w2gns3y.png Table 1. The DFT-LDA lattice parameters for tetracene computed at ambient and 280 MPa hydrostatic pressures together with those experimentally measured in Refs. [24] and [31]. The area of the ab plane is defined as (Aab =ab sin). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-frequencies-of-the-intermolecular-2zungy9x.png Table 2. Comparison of the frequencies of the intermolecular and some of the intramolecular infrared modes (in cm -1 ) calculated using DFT-LDA (this work) and reported experimental and theoretically calculated data from literature [52-56]. R denotes predicted Raman-active band.For complete infrared DFT-LDA calculated modes see supplementary information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-tetracene-crystal-at-ambient-2y54vmys.png Figure 1. The structure of tetracene crystal at ambient pressure and a temperature of 175K. The image illustrates the stacking of the layers along the c-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-infrared-spectra-of-lt-tetracene-structure-at-1t75nkrp.png Figure 8. The infrared spectra of LT tetracene structure at ambient pressure conditions and under hydrostatic pressure of 280MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theoretically-dft-lda-calculated-vibrational-1audi1jn.png Figure 5. Theoretically DFT-LDA calculated vibrational density of states for LT tetracene at ambient pressure and under hydrostatic pressure of 280MPa. https://scispace.com/papers/a-five-level-three-phase-hybrid-cascade-multilevel-inverter-1d52nm1bth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-capacitor-voltage-versus-time-198qvzsg.png Fig. 9. Capacitor voltage versus time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rotor-speed-achievable-using-the-proposed-multilevel-2852fh1t.png Fig. 4. Rotor speed achievable using the proposed multilevel inverter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rotor-speed-achievable-using-a-standard-3-leg-inverter-2a2vlnwu.png Fig. 3. Rotor speed achievable using a standard 3-leg inverter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-to-make-the-output-voltage-zero-for-th1-th-p-one-can-ijout1iy.png Fig. 2. To make the output voltage zero for θ1 ≤ θ ≤ π, one can either set v1 = +Vdc/2 and v2 = −Vdc/2 (bottom left) or v1 = +Vdc/2 and v2 = +Vdc/2 (bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-scaled-capacitor-voltage-stator-current-and-stator-3vkd8kvx.png Fig. 11. Scaled capacitor voltage, stator current and stator voltage versus time in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-voltage-using-a-standard-3-leg-inverter-1epm4tqn.png Fig. 5. Voltage using a standard 3-leg inverter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-expanded-view-of-the-capacitor-voltage-as-a-function-4g50l6vs.png Fig. 10. Expanded view of the capacitor voltage as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-leg-of-a-3-leg-inverter-connected-to-a-full-h-1f5xmuzu.png Fig. 1. One leg of a 3-leg inverter connected to a full H-bridge with a capacitor DC source. https://scispace.com/papers/a-finite-element-formulation-for-piezoelectric-shell-2htnyn0s4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-four-node-shell-element-1bzqkz91.png Figure 4: Four node shell element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-geometry-of-the-antenna-3vexif5s.png Figure 11: Geometry of the antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-normalized-radial-displacement-of-the-90-3vssm0fo.png Figure 10: Normalized radial displacement of the 90◦ cylindrical shell at x = b/2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-displacement-w-of-the-antenna-due-to-the-load-f-2lgk2uh3.png Table 4: Displacement w of the antenna due to the load F. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geometry-and-material-parameter-of-the-antenna-with-14gzac2v.png Table 3: Geometry and material parameter of the antenna with piezoelectric patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fe-mesh-loading-and-boundary-conditions-of-the-1osrukj5.png Figure 5: FE mesh, loading and boundary conditions of the patch test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-geometry-material-and-preisach-parameter-for-the-n7oqhhsa.png Figure 16: Geometry, material and Preisach parameter for the test specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-hysteresis-curves-for-25-c-7vhrgse9.png Figure 17: Hysteresis curves for 25◦C https://scispace.com/papers/a-fixed-point-based-distributed-method-for-energy-flow-15x83c9i6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-variables-to-be-estimated-for-algorithm-3d3nwcgd.png TABLE II VARIABLES TO BE ESTIMATED FOR ALGORITHM INITIALIZATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-initial-value-estimation-for-unknown-variables-oitmoket.png Fig. 5. Initial value estimation for unknown variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-modeling-methodology-2k0s4jw4.png Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the modeling methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-integrated-electricity-gas-heat-system-mq5uvmi9.png Fig. 6. An integrated electricity-gas-heat system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-eh-model-29pjcnxj.png Fig. 2. A typical EH model https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-heating-flow-distribution-in-the-heating-system-3a010dzt.png TABLE V HEATING FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN THE HEATING SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-diagram-of-the-fpdsm-fig-4-b-the-diagram-of-the-2p5jbo4v.png Fig. 4-a. The diagram of the FPDSM. Fig. 4-b. The diagram of the FPDPM https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-additional-unknown-variables-under-the-mes-3sky16ji.png TABLE I ADDITIONAL UNKNOWN VARIABLES UNDER THE MES https://scispace.com/papers/a-flexible-latent-class-approach-to-estimating-test-score-3meyyo2x17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphic-representation-of-fitting-an-unrestricted-3nrtg24p.png Figure 1. Graphic representation of fitting an unrestricted latent class model (left) and a divisive latent class model (right). A big dot indicates the computation of an information criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-twenty-design-conditions-of-the-simulation-study-6xn7i6ba.png Table 1 Twenty Design Conditions of the Simulation Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-real-data-example-five-reliability-estimation-3tr6tz2v.png Table 3 Real-Data Example; Five Reliability Estimation Methods and Eight Educational Data Sets, Information on Data Dimensionality https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reliability-estimated-reliability-and-computation-1uhtiui9.png Table 6 Reliability, Estimated Reliability, and Computation Time for LCRC (AIC3) and DLCRC (AIC) for Two- and Three-Dimensional Data, Consisting of 50, 100, and 500 items https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shows-that-computation-time-of-lcrc-may-be-too-long-itelv1q1.png Table 6 Reliability, Estimated Reliability, and Computation Time for LCRC (AIC3) and DLCRC (AIC) for Two- and Three-Dimensional Data, Consisting of 50, 100, and 500 items https://scispace.com/papers/a-flexible-low-latency-dc-to-4-gbit-s-link-operating-from-40-3j47dfk3ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-die-micrograph-of-the-proposed-tx-and-rx-top-226expkm.png Fig. 6. Die micrograph of the proposed TX and RX (top). Photograph of the communication link inside a 3D-printed package for galvanically isolated applications (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eye-diagram-and-ber-for-a-4gbit-s-prbs13-signal-euh00qgk.png Fig. 7. Eye diagram and BER for a 4Gbit/s PRBS13 signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-link-photograph-a-with-a-fiber-in-a-90-bend-and-16971t16.png Fig. 8. Link photograph (a) with a fiber in a 90◦-bend and corresponding eye diagram and BER for a 4Gbit/s PRBS13 signal (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architecture-of-the-proposed-120ghz-ook-transmitter-2vcugg4p.png Fig. 4. Architecture of the proposed 120GHz OOK transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-architecture-of-the-proposed-120ghz-ook-receiver-with-1z81wtek.png Fig. 5. Architecture of the proposed 120GHz OOK receiver with replica biasing feedback loop for temperature compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coupling-between-on-chip-dipole-antenna-and-fiber-a-1o6flqk4.png Fig. 3. Coupling between on-chip dipole antenna and fiber. A reflector is added to increase coupling efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-low-latency-link-for-galvanically-isolated-1pt1mlhr.png Fig. 2. Proposed low-latency link for galvanically isolated applications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-with-state-of-the-art-gi-links-1136wk36.png TABLE I COMPARISON WITH STATE-OF-THE-ART GI LINKS https://scispace.com/papers/a-flexible-ldpc-turbo-decoder-architecture-3rmelrpa8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flex-siso-module-2mg5nwgp.png Figure 4 Flex-SISO module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-block-structured-parity-check-matrix-where-each-280cszai.png Figure 3 A block-structured parity check matrix, where each block row (or layer) defines a super-code. Each sub-matrix of the parity check matrix is either a zero matrix or a z × z cyclically shifted identity matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dividing-a-factor-graph-into-sub-graphs-3damfo7q.png Figure 2 Dividing a factor graph into sub-graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-flexible-siso-decoder-architecture-1vycqrt2.png Figure 19 Flexible SISO decoder architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-data-flow-graph-for-turbo-decoding-2wsrwnpm.png Figure 20 Data flow graph for Turbo decoding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-trellis-structure-for-a-single-parity-check-code-1w2e9btu.png Figure 11 Trellis structure for a single parity check code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-turbo-acsa-structure-a-flow-of-state-metric-13i5fe2w.png Figure 10 Turbo ACSA structure. a Flow of state metric calculation. b Circuit diagram for the Turbo ACSA unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-turbo-decoder-architecture-based-on-the-flex-siso-2vdcyvdg.png Figure 9 Turbo decoder architecture based on the Flex-SISO module. https://scispace.com/papers/a-flexible-parametric-family-for-the-modeling-and-simulation-3thhnsxg7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-select-statistics-for-illinois-farm-level-corn-yield-3plx9whg.png Table 1. Select Statistics for Illinois Farm-Level Corn Yield Models Based on SU, SB, Beta, and Normal Distributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-su-sl-sb-beta-and-gamma-distributions-in-the-sk-l1fc14vv.png Figure 1. SU, SL, SB, Beta, and Gamma Distributions in the SK Plane; the SB Distribution Allows all SK Combinations in the Beta and Gamma Areas as Well https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-su-sb-and-normal-versus-true-beta-cdf-3orwndpw.png Figure 3. Estimated SU, SB, and Normal versus True (Beta) cdf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-skewness-kurtosis-combinations-of-estimated-2mzn8jn3.png Figure 2. Skewness-Kurtosis Combinations of Estimated Nonnormal Models https://scispace.com/papers/a-floating-self-propelling-liquid-marble-containing-aqueous-4y221wxh9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setups-a-effect-of-relative-boundary-size-3ooekrk3.png Fig. 1 Experimental setups: (a) Effect of relative boundary size: The liquid marble is placed in a PMMA ring that determines the domain of the open surface for its motion. Water from both sides of the ring is connected so that the same surface level is maintained. (b) Motion of a liquid marble on a circular channel track: The marble traverses the annular channel, starting at the right side and moving in a clockwise fashion. After several laps, the marble movement changes from an (i) oscillatory phase to (ii) a steady phase, followed by a (iii) decaying phase and (iv) a complete stop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-duration-of-the-motion-as-function-of-volume-and-258tcjyp.png Fig. 5 Duration of the motion as function of volume and concentration: (a) Lifetime of marble motion versus marble volume at a constant volume concentration of ethanol 0.09. The insets show sessile liquid marbles on a solid surface with same volumes and concentrations. (b) Duration of marble motion versus the volume concentration of ethanol at a constant volume of 5 μL. Insets show sessile liquid marble on a solid surface with the same volume and concentrations. Floating ethanol marbles are not shown as they are constantly in motion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effective-surface-tension-of-the-liquid-marble-and-3ja8nb41.png Fig. 2 Effective surface tension of the liquid marble and liquid droplet1 versus the volume concentration of ethanol. The insets show the shape of the liquid marble with increasing ethanol concentration. The top and bottom dashed red lines show surface tension of pure water (0.0715 N/m) and ethanol (0.0223 N/m), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-condition-for-self-driving-liquid-marbles-a-minimum-3kgw1ndy.png Fig. 3 Condition for self-driving liquid marbles: (a) Minimum (critical) ring radius enabling marble motion versus the diameter of the non-deformed marble for different volume concentrations of ethanol. (b) Radius ratio between the ring and the marble diameter versus volume concentration of ethanol for different marble volumes. (c) Diameter ratio between the ring and the marble diameter versus Bond number for different volume concentration of ethanol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kinematic-behaviour-of-a-self-driven-marble-in-a-atkkdldc.png Fig. 4 Kinematic behaviour of a self-driven marble in a circular channel track: (a) Full speed and displacement profile with different phases (10 µl marble, concentration 0.09); (b) Characteristic marble paths of each phase (10 µl marble, concentration 0.09): (i) The initial oscillatory phase with wavy path (video S1). (ii) The intermediate steady phase with a well defined circular path (video S2). (iii) The decaying phase with “stop and go” behaviour (video S3). (c) Time history of the speed of floating liquid marbles in an annular channel with different (i) volumes and (ii) volume concentration of ethanol. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fossil-byblidaceae-seed-from-eocene-south-australia-2zxwdakndz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a0f672jr.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-golden-grove-byblidaceae-fossil-and-seeds-of-similar-1vuv15oi.png Fig. 1 Golden Grove Byblidaceae fossil and seeds of similar extant Byblis species for comparison. A, Golden Grove Byblidaceae seed Molenaar s.n. (ADU, destroyed; represented by the photograph); scale bar ¼ 200 mm. B, Byblis filifolia A. Lowrie 2041 (PERTH). C, Byblis liniflora A. Lowrie 1320 (PERTH). D, Byblis rorida R.L. Barrett 595 (PERTH). B–D all to indicated scales. https://scispace.com/papers/a-flexible-receiver-driven-cache-replacement-scheme-for-1xhxmyfauv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-byte-hit-proportion-w9pfs0wq.png Figure 12: Byte-Hit-proportion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cm-cong-congestion-control-state-diagram-2fj8z7me.png Figure 4: CM Cong congestion control state diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modules-in-the-simulation-architecture-w5cpoaal.png Figure 3: Modules in the simulation architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-allowable-levels-in-relation-to-allowable-bandwidth-2d5sk2b7.png Figure 5: Allowable levels in relation to allowable bandwidth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-link-parameters-3aj4yesz.png Figure 6: Simulation link parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-upper-bound-average-values-derived-from-simulation-259bj41b.png Table 2: Upper bound average values derived from simulation with in nite cache. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lower-bound-average-values-derived-from-simulation-13alkt0i.png Table 1: Lower bound average values derived from simulation with no cache https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hit-proportion-distribution-for-lru-and-gdbitrate-3sqllisi.png Figure 11: Hit proportion distribution for LRU and GDbitrate https://scispace.com/papers/a-fractal-model-of-granitic-intrusion-and-variability-based-3rgtiipzll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-log-log-axes-of-number-size-model-for-fractal-pgb5eu1z.png Fig. 4. Log-log axes of Number-Size model for fractal dimensional of areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-log-log-axes-of-area-perimeter-of-the-granitic-2epk3loh.png Fig. 5. Log-log axes of Area-perimeter of the granitic intrusions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-log-log-axes-of-cumulative-number-area-of-the-granitic-39x5jub9.png Fig. 6. Log-log axes of Cumulative Number-Area of the granitic intrusions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-log-log-axes-of-perimeter-area-of-the-granitic-2zfkq5gm.png Fig. 8. Log-log axes of Perimeter-Area of the granitic intrusions for the thickness of the negative region (a)2 km, (b)3 km, (c)4 km, and (d)5 km. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-line-of-the-evolution-of-granitic-intrusions-area-2mu8gs3p.png Fig. 7. Time line of the evolution of granitic intrusions area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-log-log-axes-of-cumulative-number-area-of-the-3vrplvcz.png Fig. 10. Log-log axes of cumulative number-area of the granitic intrusions for the thickness of the negative region (a) 2 km, (b) 3 km, (c) 4 km, and (d) 5 km. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-log-log-axes-of-number-size-model-for-fractal-2trzrws9.png Fig. 9. Log-log axes of Number-Size model for fractal dimensional of areas for the thickness of the negative region (a) 2 km, (b) 3 km, (c) 4 km, and (d) 5 km. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magma-ascent-through-pre-existing-fractures-magma-can-29mv1bcy.png Fig. 1. Magma ascent through pre-existing fractures. Magma can only move from the reservoir to its adjacent fractured cell; or from magma filled fractured cells to an adjacent fractured cell. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fractional-step-method-to-compute-a-class-of-compressible-2pv8frmusv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-heated-wall-y-profile-of-the-gas-density-rg-at-1yefoj0j.png Figure 11: Heated wall: y-profile of the gas density ρg at three distinct times T = T1 (dotted line), T2 (dashed line), T5 (plain line), at: x = 2. The small cavity in the wall boundary corresponds to −0.25 < y < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-condition-for-the-first-riemann-problem-and-3nodv142.png Table 1: : Initial condition for the first Riemann problem and intermediate states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approximate-solution-of-the-second-riemann-problem-1mtn4rk6.png Figure 3: Approximate solution of the second Riemann problem obtained with 100000 cells and the exact solution (ex.) at time t = 1.4 10−4. Top left: liquid fraction, top right: pressures, bottom left: densities, bottom right: velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l1-norm-of-the-error-for-the-first-riemann-problem-1cuf3tka.png Figure 2: L1 norm of the error for the first Riemann problem. Plain lines: gas, dotted lines: liquid. Liquid mass fraction (crosses), velocities (squares), pressures (triangles), densities (circles). Meshes contain 500000, 250000, 50000, 5000, 500 and 50 regular cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-heated-wall-y-profiles-of-gas-and-liquid-pressures-2bbz4mjk.png Figure 12: Heated wall: y-profiles of gas and liquid pressures Pg, Pl at three distinct times T = T1 (dotted line), T2 (dashed line), T5 (plain line), at: x = 2. The small cavity in the wall boundary corresponds to −0.25 < y < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pressure-relaxation-substep-measured-l1-norm-of-the-1q6661j7.png Figure 7: Pressure relaxation substep: measured L1 norm of the error for the liquid pressure (straight line) and the gas pressure (dotted line) at time T = 10−5 as a function of ∆t/τ2 = {10, 1, 10−1, 10−2, 10−3}. Implicit scheme (20) (circles) versus half-implicit scheme (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pressure-relaxation-substep-measured-l1-norm-of-the-1vdvmrjn.png Figure 6: Pressure relaxation substep: measured L1 norm of the error for the void fraction at time T = 10−5 as a function of ∆t/τ2 = {10, 1, 10−1, 10−2, 10−3}. Implicit scheme (20) (circles) versus half-implicit scheme (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-heated-wall-sketch-of-the-computational-domain-1quwzzea.png Figure 8: Heated wall: sketch of the computational domain https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-cyber-surveillance-of-unlawful-activities-41fx2w1tm7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distributed-mining-architectures-15fx30d3.png Figure 2. Distributed mining architectures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-database-management-architecture-2n76kru4.png Figure 1. Database management architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surveillance-data-and-purposes-3qszumqk.png Table 1. Surveillance data and purposes https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-argumentation-based-negotiation-29ozc2zz32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-agent-system-for-bts-provide-customer-quote-business-3e2xuzxa.png Fig. 1. Agent system for BT’s “Provide Customer Quote” business process. The direction of the arrow indicates who provides the service labelling the arrow to whom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-formalisation-of-the-arguments-presented-in-figure-2-20wjely1.png Fig. 4. Formalisation of the arguments presented in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-negotiation-protocol-in-accept-x-y-and-reject-x-y-2hswf56h.png Fig. 3. Negotiation protocol. In accept x y and reject x y illocutions always refer to the last proposal. Proposal x y stands for any illocution constructed with any of the following particles: offer, threaten, reward, appeal, and between agentsx and y. We omit the time stamp in the illocutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-arguments-in-the-bt-application-rn3ivss5.png Fig. 2. Sample arguments in the BT application. https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-dynamic-rescheduling-problems-3by9y9de7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-the-dynamic-rescheduling-framework-nhsoeg8k.png Figure 2: Architecture of the Dynamic Rescheduling Framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-average-deviation-from-optimal-ex-post-solution-as-3bzcqwrg.png Figure 14: Average deviation from optimal ex-post solution as a function of g for each trigger for extend ∈ {0.5, 0.75, 1.0}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gap-between-the-ex-ante-and-ex-post-solution-39op95s6.png Figure 8: Gap between the ex-ante and ex-post solution compared with selected results by the framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-solution-quality-as-a-function-of-rescheduling-sy9437wi.png Table 5: Solution quality as a function of rescheduling frequency f for the job shop problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-time-line-for-rescheduling-scenarios-a-2ju0hg13.png Figure 1: A time line for rescheduling scenarios. A disturbance occurs at time td, rescheduling starts at tstart and ends before tend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-solution-quality-as-a-function-of-the-knowledge-2z92o3yr.png Figure 11: Solution quality as a function of the knowledge parameter k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-stochastic-gantt-chart-for-an-ex-ante-solution-36i5uob0.png Figure 10: A stochastic Gantt chart for an ex-ante solution to a job shop instance for g = 0.5 and extend = 1.0 (top), and a deterministic Gantt chart for the expost solution to the same problem. Note that the order of operations are not conserved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-stochastic-gantt-chart-for-an-ex-ante-solution-to-1jki4td1.png Figure 9: A stochastic Gantt chart for an ex-ante solution to a job shop instance for g = 0.5 and extend = 0.2 (top), and a deterministic Gantt chart for the ex-post solution to the same problem. Note the conservation of ordering of operations. https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-mobile-activity-recognition-2m1gr80hwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-sensor-context-model-2pe8lkud.png Figure 2.4: Sensor context model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-17-f1-score-before-and-after-adaptation-across-the-tf72lq1l.png Figure 5.17: F1-score before and after adaptation across the datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-f1-score-corresponding-to-the-number-of-9gqzeh9o.png Figure 4.11: F1-score corresponding to the number of iterations during inference process for BoostCRF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-parameters-for-baselines-ysaq7wa0.png Table 5.6: Parameters for baselines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-7-comparison-with-hybrid-classifiers-3fhhmll8.png Table 5.7: Comparison with hybrid classifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-general-architecture-of-mobile-context-sensing-1jlj7495.png Figure 2.6: General architecture of mobile context sensing system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-distribution-over-the-scores-of-different-871hh6ez.png Figure 5.9: Distribution over the scores of different activities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-graphical-context-modelling-2w0ukiav.png Figure 2.1: Graphical context modelling. https://scispace.com/papers/a-free-boundary-problem-for-the-laplacian-with-a-constant-30wx4pdmcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-picture-when-n-2-2n2sdc4k.png Figure 2. The picture when n = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-geometric-situation-in-r2-1p6d9d0b.png Figure 1. The geometric situation in R2. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fusion-chamber-design-with-a-liquid-first-wall-and-4cnnv8eg3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-above-uedge-maps-of-fluorine-radiation-see-text-36s87jr1.png Figure 2. (above) UEDGE “maps” of fluorine radiation. See text. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fuzzy-acoustic-phonetic-decoder-for-speech-recognition-4s96zrj3y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correct-recognition-results-pi59ncb1.png Figure 7: correct recognition results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-relevance-function-as-a-membership-function-built-1t6qgjdi.png Figure 5: A relevance function as a membership function built during the recognition procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-weight-function-for-aggregation-6uppnn4w.png Figure 6: experimental weight function for aggregation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuzzy-decision-in-a-speech-recognizer-2tfnki3q.png Table 1: Fuzzy decision in a speech recognizer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-rule-ability-to-recognize-phonemes-10rvwocl.png Figure 4: Histograms of rule ability to recognize phonemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hierarchical-decision-in-a-speech-recognizer-zjbxpq6i.png Figure 3: Hierarchical decision in a speech recognizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rejection-rate-according-to-a-relevance-threshold-356tszrx.png Table 2: rejection rate according to a relevance threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principles-of-a-multi-stage-decoder-3ubc5p2w.png Figure 1: Principles of a multi-stage decoder. https://scispace.com/papers/a-g-ray-burst-at-a-redshift-of-z-8-2-3jdogy0e12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiband-images-of-the-afterglow-of-grb-090423-the-31q2of9e.png Figure 1 | Multiband images of the afterglow of GRB 090423. The rightmost panel shows the discovery image made using the UKIRT Wide Field Infrared Camera with the K filter (centred at 2.15 mm) at a mid-time of about 30 min after the burst. The other three images (Y, 1.02 mm; J, 1.26mm; H, 1.65 mm) were obtained approximately 1.5 h after the burst using Gemini North’s Near Infrared Imager and Spectrometer (NIRI). The main panels are 40 arcsec to a side, oriented with north to the top and east to the left. Insets, regions around the GRB, smoothed and at higher contrast. The absence of any flux in Y implies a power-law spectral slope between Y and J steeper than Fn / n218 and, coupled with the blue colour at longer wavelengths (J2H(AB)< 0.15 mag), immediately implies a redshift greater than about 7.8 for GRB 090423. https://scispace.com/papers/a-gaussian-sum-filter-for-vertex-reconstruction-4ofyo8mqrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kullback-leibler-distance-between-a-two-component-2a9oaeuj.png Figure 4: Kullback-Leibler Distance between a two-component Gaussian mixture and single-Gaussian distribution with identical moments, as a function of the relative weight p of the second Gaussian and the ratio f of their standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-50-left-and-90-coverage-middle-and-relative-2m4kaza2.png Figure 3: 50% (left) and 90% coverage (middle) and relative efficiency (right) of vertex fits for tracks with two components as functions of the relative weight of the second component. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-average-kh2-probability-resolution-xreqldf4.png Table 4: Comparison of the average χ2 probability, resolution, pulls, 50% and 90% coverages of the ycoordinate and relative efficiency of vertices estimated with the different filters. One type 2 track-outlier is added to the four-track vertex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-resolution-upper-figures-and-pulls-lower-figures-of-38fcr20k.png Figure 8: Resolution (upper figures) and pulls (lower figures) of the x (left) and y-coordinate (right) of vertex fits for tracks with two components for different number of outliers among the four tracks, and different ratios of standard deviations between the outliers and the inliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-means-upper-figures-standard-deviations-middel-2l7mzaj0.png Figure 11: Means (upper figures), standard deviations (middel figures) and RMS (lower figures) of the residual distributions of the x (left) and y-coordinate (right) of vertex fits for tracks with two components for different positions along the y-axis of the vertex of the outlying track. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-events-with-p-kh2-0-01-for-fits-with-the-33kmtnbw.png Figure 5: Ratio of events with P (χ2) < 0.01 for fits with the Kalman Filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-average-kh2-probability-resolution-2xx4kc6e.png Table 3: Comparison of the average χ2 probability, resolution, pulls, 50% and 90% coverages of the ycoordinate and relative efficiency of vertices estimated with the different filters. One type 1 track-outlier is included in the four-track vertex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-kh2-probability-distributions-for-the-four-filters-1br48cya.png Figure 7: χ2 probability distributions for the four filters when one type-1 outlier is added to the four inliers. https://scispace.com/papers/a-gender-perspectives-in-higher-education-on-megatrends-and-1kdidv0fyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attitudes-towards-innovation-processes-of-women-3c86he3w.png Table 2. Attitudes towards innovation processes of women entrepreneurs in their own business. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attitudes-of-women-entrepreneurs-related-to-31dc0t2x.png Table 1. Attitudes of women entrepreneurs related to megatrends. https://scispace.com/papers/a-general-coding-scheme-for-signaling-gaussian-processes-4hyutmhnuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depicts-shannons-communication-block-diagram-and-its-1bh5zeq7.png Fig. 1. Depicts Shannon’s communication block diagram and its analogy to stochastic control systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-showing-the-evolution-of-the-capacity-over-the-13b7jwuu.png Fig. 4. Example showing the evolution of the capacity over the SNR κ/KV for the asymptotic case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-the-rate-c0-n-k-n-1-and-exponential-3lpuuj4n.png Fig. 3. Example of the rate C0,n(κ)/(n+1) and exponential convergence of the a posteriori estimate Σn|n to zero of a scalar system are shown for different values of power level, κ, for n = 1000. Note that Ci and Fi are chosen such that |Ci| > 1 and |Fi| > 1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-in-which-the-rate-of-a-scalar-system-is-shown-1eq1glkt.png Fig. 2. Example in which the rate of a scalar system is shown for different values of power level, κ, for n = 100 and n = 1000. Note that Ci is chosen such that |Ci| > 1. https://scispace.com/papers/a-general-condition-for-the-existence-of-unconnected-2eikymjqn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-load-displacement-relationship-corresponding-to-1t31e028.png Figure 4: The load-displacement relationship corresponding to the equilibrium states shown in Fig. 2f. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-equilibria-of-half-sine-arches-with-deviations-3ge853tg.png Figure 8: The equilibria of half-sine arches with deviations in e3h sin(3ξ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eight-deformed-configurations-of-the-the-2ol0stdz.png Figure 3: Eight deformed configurations of the the equilibrium states Ia - IVb in Fig. 2f. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-separating-boundaries-of-half-sine-arches-under-33b5i9m2.png Figure 7: The separating boundaries of half-sine arches under uniformly distribured load with geometric derivation in e3h sin(3ξ) and e5h sin(5ξ) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-splitting-boundaries-for-parabolic-arches-with-2kmp8aeh.png Figure 11: The splitting boundaries for parabolic arches with geometric deviations e3h sin(3ξ) and e5h sin(5ξ) under central point load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-equilibria-of-parabolic-arches-with-geometric-29k7mbpj.png Figure 12: The equilibria of parabolic arches with geometric deviations in e3h sin(3ξ) and e5h sin(5ξ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-equilibria-obtained-with-different-number-of-1cl1fdyw.png Figure 6: The equilibria obtained with different number of modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shallow-arch-under-a-transverse-load-3jrx4wwu.png Figure 1: A shallow arch under a transverse load. https://scispace.com/papers/a-general-equilibrium-evolutionary-model-with-two-groups-of-3xtug7ffnv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-enlargement-of-the-bifurcation-diagram-in-figure-1-iei055pq.png Fig. 2 An enlargement of the bifurcation diagram in Figure 1 for µ ∈ (5.5, 6.3), where we denote in blue the points generated by the initial condition a0 = 0.159, in magenta the points generated by the initial condition a0 = 0.161 and in green the points generated by the initial condition a0 = 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bifurcation-diagram-of-g-for-ca-0-19-cb-0-14-da-0-2dqiwmwk.png Fig. 1 The bifurcation diagram of g for cα = −0.19, cβ = −0.14, dα = −0.3, dβ = −0.16, µ ∈ (0, 8) and the attractiveness A ′ in (16). We denote in magenta a = 0, in red a = 1, in blue (green) the points generated by the initial condition a0 = 0.3437 (a0 = 0.8) and in orange a = â when it is no more stable, as well as the unstable equilibria a = ã1 and a = ã2. Solid (dashed) lines refer to stable (unstable) equilibria and cycles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-time-series-corresponding-to-the-periods-t-200-300-32y3j0de.png Fig. 3 The time series corresponding to the periods t ∈ [200, 300] for A ′α,t (in blue) and A ′ β,t (in green) in (a), for at (in blue) and bt = 1−at (in green) in (b), for x∗α,t (in blue) and x∗ β,t (in green) in (c), for y∗α,t (in blue) and y ∗ β,t (in green) in (d), for the same parameter configuration considered in Figure 1, with µ = 6.1 and a0 = 0.4 https://scispace.com/papers/a-general-factor-of-personality-gfp-in-the-personality-3bu4l6g6yy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-second-order-common-factor-structure-of-the-1m228d93.png Figure 1 Second-order common factor structure of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology in the general population sample. https://scispace.com/papers/a-general-reactivity-map-for-predicting-outcomes-in-1xbitd9asw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-site-selectivity-predictions-for-cross-coupling-26xjlhdh.png Figure 4. Site selectivity predictions for cross-coupling reactions. (A) Predicted and observed selectivities for multihalogenated heterocycles undergoing Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. (B) Selectivity predictions for dihalogenated heterocycles with small ΔΔG‡OA between the two sites, and observed product ratios consistent with predictions. (C) Application of selectivity predictions to reported synthesis of the core structure of Dragmacidin D.40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-and-performance-of-a-general-and-10hpszz6.png Figure 1. Design and performance of a general and quantitative reactivity map for oxidative addition to Pd(0). (A) Simplified mechanism for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling, highlighting oxidative addition as the rate and/or selectivity determining step. (B) Competition experiment approach to map relative rates of oxidative addition. (C) Molecular descriptors used to model oxidative addition reactivity as a function of substrate structure. (D) Multivariate linear regression model of ΔG‡OA for 70 substrates in THF, including all data points in regression analysis. (E) Representative multivariate linear regression model generated using a 60/40 training/test split. (F) Reactivity scale for oxidative addition to Pd(PCy3)2 in THF with selected substrates, giving experimental (blue) and predicted (green) ΔG‡OA values; experimental ΔG ‡ OA for 2-bromo-5nitropyridine set to 0 kJ mol-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mechanistic-aspects-of-oxidative-addition-are-3isbfjgi.png Figure 2. Mechanistic aspects of oxidative addition are revealed by reactivity mapping with molecular descriptors. (A) General mechanism for oxidative addition to LnPd(0), with π-complex intermediate preceding either Pd insertion into C–X bond, or an SNAr-like displacement of X -. (B) ESPPd for calculated π-complex intermediate structures correlates with oxidative addition rates; structures for 7 of 11 examples shown. (C) Calculated structures of π-complex intermediates reveal how steric strain induced by R1 and R2 (here, –CF3 groups) in 2-halopyridines affect oxidative addition reactivity in equal proportions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-translating-oxidative-addition-predictions-to-31j4838a.png Figure 3. Translating oxidative addition predictions to successful quantitative models of catalytic reactivity. (A) General reaction scheme and chemical space explored for 410 Sonogashira reactions, with two distinct substrate sets; initial rates determined previously 28,29. (B) Univariate linear correlations between predicted ΔG‡OA for oxidative addition to Pd(PCy3)2 and ln k for Sonogashira coupling with three phosphine ligands; out-of-model substrates represent ArBr molecules not included in oxidative addition training set. (C) Unified three-descriptor model for predicting Sonogashira ln k for the entire set of 410 reactions (29 substrates, 17 ligands), with data partitioned into training (60% of substrate set #1), test (40% of substrate set #1), and external validation (substrate set #2). (D) Subset of the model focusing on 13 “small” phosphines with %Vburr < 75, with three descriptors. (E) Subset of the model focusing on 4 “large” phosphines with %Vburr > 75, with only two descriptors required. https://scispace.com/papers/a-generally-weighted-moving-average-exceedance-chart-52senbz8eh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boxplot-like-graphs-for-ic-run-length-distribution-nbcsqx2g.png Figure 1. Boxplot-like graphs for IC run-length distribution of GWMA-EX charts for different (q, α, L) combinations when m = 49, n = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-for-75-th-and-50-th-percentiles-of-the-phase-7y6bo3e3.png Table 4: values for 75 th and 50 th percentiles of the Phase I sample for different shift when https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ic-and-ooc-arl-for-x-r-75th-50th-and-25th-r2otonqv.png Figure 2. IC and OOC ARL for X(r) = 75th, 50th and 25th percentiles of the Phase I sample for upward shift when q = 0.8, α = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gwma-ex-and-ewma-ex-chart-implemented-on-simulated-233rlpa7.png Figure 4. GWMA-EX and EWMA-EX chart implemented on simulated data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ic-and-ooc-for-different-combinations-of-for-o7wkjxbs.png Table 2: IC and OOC for different combinations of for different shift when , 10 with 370. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-for-75-th-50-th-and-25-th-percentiles-of-the-stb1qgeu.png Table 3: values for 75 th , 50 th and 25 th percentiles of the Phase I sample for different shift when . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ic-and-ooc-for-different-combinations-of-for-jh73v1g6.png Table 1: IC and OOC for different combinations of for different shift when , 10 with 370. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-values-for-the-gwma-ex-ewma-ex-and-gwma-charts-for-2jy2km0d.png Table 6: values for the GWMA-EX, EWMA-EX and GWMA- ̅ charts for various shifts when 370 and 49, 5 under skewed distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-generic-and-modular-architecture-for-maritime-autonomous-1w6duhekpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-mission-in-romania-3f6ybzwq.png Fig. 3. Simulation mission in Romania. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reactions-to-the-detection-of-a-strong-deviation-auv22-1lqx47ge.png Fig. 5. Reactions to the detection of a strong deviation (auv22 ends its mission by making a kind of hippodrome; the global reaction to send another vehicle to replace it was not done because the MMT was not in the loop). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-onboard-detection-of-salinity-decrease-left-box-and-u-39wi4t97.png Fig. 11. Onboard detection of salinity decrease (left box) and U-turn planned and executed to re-enter the plume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-mission-in-norway-vehicles-starting-mission-2i5znnyg.png Fig. 8. Simulation mission in Norway: vehicles starting mission and emulated plume. Numbers near each vehicle give their current coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rows-followed-by-one-auv-1lc9bb24.png Fig. 10. Rows followed by one AUV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-vehicles-with-rsoa-in-trondheim-1mwqq8n3.png Fig. 9. Vehicles with RSOA in Trondheim. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-of-the-romania-nominal-execution-the-2-rovs-3fo24lzd.png Fig. 4. Simulation of the Romania nominal execution (the 2 ROVs on the left below subareas have a relative lower speed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reactions-to-the-breakdown-of-one-side-of-the-side-1i515fj0.png Fig. 6. Reactions to the breakdown of one side of the side scan sonar (the strategy was to continue the same planned rows until the end of the planned survey then to turn back and to follow the same rows in the other sense so as to complete the cover). https://scispace.com/papers/a-genetic-algorithm-for-simultaneous-localization-and-1sbf1lp3sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fitness-values-over-time-for-the-genetic-algorithm-14kplq1m.png Fig. 4. Fitness values over time for the genetic algorithm using the data of Fig. 1, showing the fitness of both the best and median members of the population in each generation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-corrected-sensor-data-obtained-using-the-full-fitness-2hjvwgt1.png Fig. 3. Corrected sensor data obtained using the full fitness function F = MC1 +wMC2 and the corresponding gridmap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-corrected-sensor-data-obtained-using-only-the-fitness-3k28c3cn.png Fig. 2. Corrected sensor data obtained using only the fitness function F = MC1 and the corresponding gridmap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-raw-sensor-data-from-the-artificial-intelligence-lab-nuy0b1il.png Fig. 1. Raw sensor data from the Artificial Intelligence Lab, Freiburg, as in [6], showing the odometry trace and laser rangefinger readings. https://scispace.com/papers/a-gis-based-model-to-assess-electric-energy-consumptions-and-5fubo79trn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electricity-consumption-per-unit-area-including-twlo42h6.png Figure 5: electricity consumption per unit area including both natural areas, built environment and infrastructures. (Data from Terna, 2018a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-annual-potential-production-of-a-wind-power-plant-3cfyjrg2.png Figure 10: annual potential production of a wind power plant [MWh / MW] in the Lazio region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-current-percentage-of-electricity-consumption-1ui1h1hk.png Figure 17: Current percentage of electricity consumption covered by local RES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-information-on-the-lazio-provinces-3t0nbm5v.png Table 1 - General information on the Lazio provinces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-geographical-overview-of-the-lazio-region-b-3nt9uh8f.png Figure 1 - a) Geographical overview of the Lazio Region - b) Subdivision of the territory in Provinces and Municipalities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-percentage-of-electricity-consumption-covered-by-11apd0sy.png Figure 18: Percentage of electricity consumption covered by local RES in 2030 considering the BAU (business as usual) scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-electricity-productions-from-res-per-unit-of-area-20e22xqn.png Figure 8: Electricity productions from RES per unit of area in the Lazio Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-yearly-sum-of-global-irradiation-kwh-m2-in-the-27hqo29c.png Figure 9: Yearly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] in the Lazio region. https://scispace.com/papers/a-grid-based-multi-relational-approach-to-process-mining-33p1mx70kj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-level-hierarchies-on-activity-and-performer-198w8u3s.png Fig. 1. Three-level hierarchies on activity and performer https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-global-frequent-patterns-discovered-by-2otzd8ru.png Table 1. Number of global frequent patterns discovered by varying k in [1,20] https://scispace.com/papers/a-ground-based-optical-transmission-spectrum-of-wasp-6b-pui5d1rjoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mcmc-priors-used-for-the-white-light-transit-2fajh4d3.png Table 2 MCMC Priors Used for the White-light Transit Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-validation-error-for-the-prediction-of-out-of-htyxy2c7.png Figure 4. Cross-validation error for the prediction of out-of-transit data using a different number of principal components with the 5-fold cross-validation procedure we adopted. Note that the minimum is at k = 7 (dashed lines indicate the value at the minimum and a value higher by 1σ ), but the value at k = 5 achieves similar error with lower degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-predicted-fractional-change-in-k-rp-r-due-to-s9wzsqb4.png Figure 9. Predicted fractional change in k = (Rp/R∗) due to stellar spots that produce a rotation amplitude of = −4 mmag in the V band. The spots are assumed to have a temperature lower than that of the photosphere by ΔT = −500 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-comparison-stars-3lbgmmmn.png Table 1 List of Comparison Stars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extracted-spectra-for-wasp-6-and-the-seven-358b1j2k.png Figure 1. Extracted spectra for WASP-6 and the seven comparison stars used in this work for a typical exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-spectral-density-of-the-residuals-of-the-fit-35qpsakq.png Figure 5. Power spectral density of the residuals of the fit using white Gaussian noise (see Figure 6 to see the residuals). Note the preference for high power at small frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-for-the-different-information-criteria-ic-for-w5oi22pa.png Table 3 Values for the Different Information Criteria (IC) for Each Noise Model Considered in Our MCMC Fits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-the-circles-show-the-baseline-subtracted-light-bzq97zit.png Figure 6. Top: the circles show the baseline-subtracted light curves (i.e., light curves with the fitted perturbation signal subtracted) using the different noise models indicated. We also show the corresponding best-fit transit models (dashed line) and the best-fit transit models plus an estimate of the correlated noise component (solid line, only for the two rightmost light curves). The shaded regions indicate points that where used as out-of-transit data by the 5-fold cross-validation procedure that selected the number of principal components to use in the fits. Bottom: residuals between the best-fit transit model and the baseline-subtracted light curves (circles). The solid lines in the two rightmost set of points indicate estimates of the correlated components obtained by projecting the residuals into the best-fit correlated component model (see Section 5). The difference between the points and the solid lines (dashed line for the white Gaussian noise case) is the white Gaussian noise component, whose dispersion σw is indicated for each of the noise models considered and also illustrated with ±1σw bands. https://scispace.com/papers/a-guide-for-population-based-analysis-of-the-adolescent-216n98yhck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-model-for-abcd-sample-propensity-2yafoepq.png Table 2: Logistic Regression Model for ABCD Sample Propensity Scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-u-s-population-totals-for-final-raking-step-in-abcd-1zii7opt.png Table 3: U.S. Population Totals for Final Raking Step in ABCD Population Weight Calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-abcd-baseline-population-weights-r9hextkx.png Figure 1: Distribution of ABCD Baseline Population Weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-aim-to-capture-model-the-complex-variance-structure-z4l8cfh3.png Table 7 aim to capture/model the complex variance structure of clustering and non-independence of the baseline observations for the ABCD child cohort. The design-based estimation approaches employ the population weights described in Section 6 above and use a weighted least squares (WLS) methodology to estimate the population regression parameters. Under the design-based approaches, a Taylor Series Approximation (or sandwich estimator) is used to compute robust estimates of standard errors. However, unlike the LMM approach, the components of variance associated with each level of clustering are estimated as a single weighted aggregate for the residual variance and not as individual components of variance attributable to each level of the clustering. The three-level LMM used here does not include population weighting in estimating the regression parameters. The three-level LMM does produce estimates of the variance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-abcd-analysis-weights-by-family-1nntx17v.png Figure 3: Distributions of ABCD Analysis Weights by Family Income Category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-abcd-baseline-population-weights-by-2olq47c4.png Figure 2: Distribution of ABCD Baseline Population Weights by Sex of Child https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-selects-these-two-important-main-effects-from-the-377s6x21.png Table 7 aim to capture/model the complex variance structure of clustering and non-independence of the baseline observations for the ABCD child cohort. The design-based estimation approaches employ the population weights described in Section 6 above and use a weighted least squares (WLS) methodology to estimate the population regression parameters. Under the design-based approaches, a Taylor Series Approximation (or sandwich estimator) is used to compute robust estimates of standard errors. However, unlike the LMM approach, the components of variance associated with each level of clustering are estimated as a single weighted aggregate for the residual variance and not as individual components of variance attributable to each level of the clustering. The three-level LMM used here does not include population weighting in estimating the regression parameters. The three-level LMM does produce estimates of the variance https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-poisson-regression-for-count-of-lifetime-er-visits-1oefy0qj.png Table 9: Poisson Regression for Count of Lifetime ER Visits. Source: ABCD Baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/a-growth-rate-indicator-for-compton-thick-active-galactic-3v3es7baha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-nustar-megamaser-sample-1sldzc40.png Table 1 Properties of the NuSTAR Megamaser Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-black-hole-mass-and-2-10-kev-luminosity-37cc3h33.png Figure 1. Black hole mass and 2–10 keV luminosity distributions of the megamaser AGNs (red points) compared to the broad-lined AGN sample of B13 (black points). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-g-and-ledd-distributions-of-the-megamaser-agns-red-u4ycwa5p.png Figure 2. Γ and λEdd distributions of the megamaser AGNs (red points, with the multiple measurements of NGC4945 in orange) compared to the broadlined AGN sample of B13 (black points). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investigating-the-choice-of-bolometric-correction-3k7gdod6.png Table 2 Investigating the Choice of Bolometric Correction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-linear-regression-fit-to-the-g-and-ledd-jxj0ply8.png Figure 3. Linear-regression fit to the Γ and λEdd distributions of the megamaser AGNs yields Γ=(0.41±0.18)log10λEdd+(2.38±0.20), shown by the solid black line. The dotted lines mark the upper and lower 1σ confidence limits given the uncertainties on the slope and offset of the linear relationship. The dashed line shows the linear relationship derived from unobscured AGNs from B13 demonstrating very good agreement between the two, given the uncertainties. As for Figure 2, the data points are plotted in red, with the multiple measurements of NGC4945 highlighted in orange. https://scispace.com/papers/a-hardware-and-software-framework-for-cognitive-automobiles-1e56zrv54j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-matlab-simulink-controller-framework-3o3j1a9k.png Fig. 6. MATLAB/SIMULINK controller framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-monitoring-system-overview-yikexqlh.png Fig. 7. Monitoring system overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hardware-components-28brpjxa.png Fig. 1. Hardware components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-architecture-and-information-flow-diagram-1kk1rs40.png Fig. 3. System architecture and information flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-emergency-brake-maneuver-2f5qsbvz.png Fig. 2. Emergency brake maneuver https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-steering-control-1zghltsb.png Fig. 4. Steering control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-brake-control-7im8ia02.png Fig. 5. Brake control https://scispace.com/papers/a-heuristic-algorithm-for-joint-power-delay-minimization-in-3rrf1219io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-covering-aps-per-ue-vs-inter-cell-distance-2aanpuq9.png Table I COVERING APS PER UE VS. INTER-CELL DISTANCE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-solution-computational-complexity-3p7blos8.png Figure 1. Optimal solution computational complexity measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-network-delay-for-heuristic-and-optimal-cx2s12xn.png Figure 4. Total network delay for heuristic and optimal solutions and for Po-UA/HPL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-ap-operation-modes-in-heuristic-and-1jysvjle.png Figure 3. Percentage of AP operation modes in heuristic and optimal solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-network-power-for-heuristic-and-optimal-18p3cmh9.png Figure 2. Total network power for heuristic and optimal solutions and for Po-UA/HPL. https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-order-h-adaptive-discontinuous-galerkin-method-for-khy6xy3a87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-steady-square-cylinder-flow-at-4-40-errors-on-for-254o7x5i.png Table 2 Steady square cylinder flow at '4 = 40. Errors on for approximately 2 · 104 degrees of freedom for h-adapted and uniformly refined meshes in ? = 1, ? = 2, ? = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-steady-square-cylinder-flow-at-4-40-comparison-between-31ugyyv0.png Fig. 3 Steady square cylinder flow at '4 = 40. Comparison between the convergence history of the drag coefficient for h-adapted meshes and uniformly refined meshes in p = 1, p = 2, p = 3. | − A4 5 | vs. the number of degrees of freedom (top) and vs. the number of degrees of freedom (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-steady-naca0012-flow-at-4-5000-errors-on-for-1r0xk04q.png Table 6 Steady NACA0012 flow at '4 = 5000. Errors on ! for approximately 4 · 104 degrees of freedom for h-adapted and uniformly refined meshes in ? = 1, ? = 2, ? = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-steady-naca0012-flow-at-4-5000-comparisons-between-the-3qlpxsar.png Fig. 8 Steady NACA0012 flow at '4 = 5000. Comparisons between the convergence history of the lift coefficient for h-adapted meshes and uniformly refined meshes in p = 1, p = 2, p = 3. | ! − !A4 5 | vs. the number of degrees of freedom (top) and ! vs. the number of degrees of freedom (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-steady-naca0012-flow-at-4-5000-errors-on-for-2ph7za4m.png Table 5 Steady NACA0012 flow at '4 = 5000. Errors on for approximately 4 · 104 degrees of freedom for h-adapted and uniformly refined meshes in ? = 1, ? = 2, ? = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isotropic-and-anisotropic-continuous-elements-with-2k0rxue8.png Fig. 1 Isotropic and anisotropic continuous elements, with associated unit elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steady-square-cylinder-flow-at-4-40-integral-flow-2qi8pmxu.png Table 1 Steady square cylinder flow at '4 = 40. Integral flow quantities in the literature and for the present reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-steady-square-cylinder-flow-at-4-40-zoom-of-the-x-2zlrmre4.png Fig. 2 Steady square cylinder flow at '4 = 40. Zoom of the x-momentum iso-contours of the cell-averaged solution on the initial mesh (312 elements), on the 3rd adapted mesh (2087 elements) and on the 9th adapted mesh (8890 elements), for the p = 1 simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-performance-matrix-matrix-multiplication-methodology-47udd8nr2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mmm-unoptimized-code-18k012mp.png Fig. 1 MMM unoptimized code https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-performance-evaluation-on-intel-xeon-cpu-e3-1241-v3-4-q312wps7.png Fig. 21 Performance evaluation on Intel Xeon CPU E3-1241 v3 (4 physical cores exist), by using more than one physical cores https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-proposed-methodology-for-4-cores-having-a-shared-1j7awpea.png Fig. 12 The proposed methodology for 4 cores having a shared L3 cache. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mmm-for-medium-input-sizes-and-cpus-with-l1-data-cache-203i9gqr.png Fig. 5 MMM for medium input sizes and CPUs with L1 data cache only https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mmm-for-cpus-with-simd-2ghjt9za.png Fig. 9 MMM for CPUs with SIMD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-speedup-over-cublas-state-of-the-art-software-library-c92kucmb.png Fig. 22 Speedup over cuBLAS state of the art software library on GPU GTX580 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mmm-for-small-input-sizes-and-cpu-with-l1-data-cache-276czrr5.png Fig. 3 MMM for small input sizes and CPU with L1 data cache and with/without L2 cache https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-all-different-mmm-cases-the-last-nodes-refer-to-the-ovv0ch0h.png Fig. 2 All different MMM cases. The last nodes refer to the Subsections that provide the appropriate schedules. ’S’, ’M’ and ’L’ indicate small, medium and large input sizes, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-quality-genome-assembly-and-annotation-of-the-1k2a63fzow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-morphology-of-the-humpback-grouper-c-altivelas-1zzvpne7.png Figure 1. Morphology of the humpback grouper C. altivelas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assembly-statistics-of-c-altivelis-3nb83fie.png Table 2 Assembly statistics of C. altivelis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-divergence-time-estimated-between-c-altivelis-and-37p6yrb5.png Figure 3 Divergence time estimated between C. altivelis and other species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-general-statistics-of-predicted-protein-coding-genes-27f11yqw.png Table 4 General statistics of predicted protein-coding genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hi-c-chromosomal-contact-map-of-c-altivelis-the-2wnchqhe.png Figure 2 Hi-C chromosomal contact map of C. altivelis. The blocks represent the contacts between one location and another. The color reflects the intensity of each contact, with darker color indicates higher contact intensity. https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-specific-capacity-membraneless-aluminum-air-cell-55xwrsxdsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cell-performance-curves-and-b-individual-1vtaw0k7.png Figure 2 (a) Cell performance curves and (b) individual electrode polarization curves of https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positions-of-ftir-characteristic-bands-shown-in-29rm6y5e.png Table 3 Positions of FTIR characteristic bands shown in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ftir-spectra-of-the-powder-samples-obtained-from-9061zdbg.png Figure 7 FTIR spectra of the powder samples obtained from KOH methanol-based solution without/with Al discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitting-results-of-eis-curves-in-figure-4-13z3ixkr.png Table 2 Fitting results of EIS curves in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-specific-capacities-of-al-foil-in-the-hybrid-29w87o0b.png Figure 3 Specific capacities of Al foil in the hybrid electrolyte Al-air cells with (a) anolyte: neat methanol-based KOH solutions with KOH concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, 3 M and 4 M; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-images-of-al-surface-morphologies-after-3j05f9fh.png Figure 5 SEM images of Al surface morphologies after discharging in (a) neat methanolbased and (b) water-based KOH anolyte. Insets are the corresponding sectional views of the Al electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-hybrid-electrolyte-al-air-cell-1jzhq1z1.png Figure 1 (a) Schematic of the hybrid electrolyte Al-air cell built on a non-direct counterflow microfluidic platform. (b) Electrolyte flow pattern within the cell at a stream flow rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xrd-pattern-of-the-precipitate-on-al-surface-after-m4nhbla7.png Figure 6 XRD pattern of the precipitate on Al surface after discharging in KOH methanolbased anolyte, comparing with XRD signals of pure Al. Major peaks are marked. https://scispace.com/papers/a-history-of-the-british-hydroid-zoophytes-by-thomas-hincks-1vl8cb0i46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-d5jaexr0.png Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-3rdkb8jm.png Fig. 27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-44-1d2gr2wm.png Fig. 44. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-45-14uqq6kc.png Fig. 45. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-248tir8n.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-athecata-34x6e6fn.png TABLE I. ATHECATA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-jfhxupi6.png Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-3f153k2t.png Fig. 23. https://scispace.com/papers/a-hot-and-fast-ultra-stripped-supernova-that-likely-formed-a-467miyve61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bolometric-light-curve-and-arnett-modeling-of-iptf-jbhl481l.png Figure 4: Bolometric light curve and Arnett modeling of iPTF 14gqr. A. Bolometric light curve of iPTF 14gqr. Filled black points indicate blackbody luminosities obtained from fitting multi-color photometry while the magenta points correspond to pseudo-bolometric luminosities (12). The empty black circles indicate g-band luminosities obtained by multiplying the g-band flux Fλ with the wavelength λ of the filter. The inverted triangles denote estimated predetection 5σ upper limits on the respective luminosities (12). The inset shows the bolometric light curves zoomed into the region of the first peak. B. The radius and temperature evolution of the fitted blackbody functions. C. Best-fitting Arnett model of the pseduo-bolometric light curve of the main (second) peak of iPTF 14gqr. The 56Ni mass MNi and diffusion timescale τM corresponding to the model are indicated in the legend (12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectroscopic-evolution-of-iptf-14gqr-a-observed-97j28wx2.png Figure 3: Spectroscopic evolution of iPTF 14gqr. A. Observed spectra before (gray) and after (black) binning. The epochs of the spectra along with the scaling and vertical shifts used are indicated next to each spectrum. B. Zoom-in of the early spectra, indicated by the black dashed box in (A), showing rapid evolution of the λ4686 feature within 24 hours of discovery. The x-axis indicates the velocity shift from the He II λ4686 line. The orange and cyan lines mark the locations of the λ4686 line and the C III λ4650 line respectively. For the +13.9 h and +25.2 h spectra, additional magenta lines show the profiles of the C IV λ5801 and the C III λ5696 features respectively, at the same epochs. C. Scaled optical / UV SEDs of the photometry and spectra obtained within the first light curve peak (see Figure 2) in magenta, along with photometry near the second peak in orange. The circles indicate observed photometric fluxes, while the triangle is a 5σ upper limit. The dashed black lines indicate the best fitting blackbody SEDs including all optical / UV data points for the first peak and including only the optical data points for the second peak (12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multi-color-photometric-observations-of-iptf-14gqr-31xcuvpp.png Figure 2: Multi-color photometric observations of iPTF 14gqr. A. Multi-color light curves of iPTF 14gqr from our photometric follow-up observations (magnitudes are corrected for galactic extinction, and offset vertically as indicated in the legend). Inverted triangles denote 5σ upper limits while other symbols denote detections. Hollow inverted triangles are upper limits from P48/P60 imaging and the filled inverted triangles are upper limits from Swift observations (filled green triangles are V band limits from Swift). Epochs when spectra were obtained are marked in both panels by vertical black dashed lines. B. Zoom-in of the early evolution of the light curve. The black solid line shows the assumed explosion epoch. The colored solid lines show the best-fitting shock cooling model for extended progenitors (25). Only photometric data before the cyan dot-dashed vertical line were used in the fitting (12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stellar-evolutionary-sequence-leading-from-a-binary-3mson89m.png Figure 6: Stellar evolutionary sequence leading from a binary system of massive stars (starting from the top left) to a NS-NS system, adapted from (9). NS-BH systems are expected to arise from binaries where the first formed compact object is a BH. NS-WD systems follow a similar evolutionary sequence starting from the HMXB stage (where the NS is replaced by the WD), but require additional mass transfer in the earlier stages (52). The material composition of the stars is indicated by their colors – red indicates H-rich material, cyan / blue indicate He-rich material, grey indicates CO-rich material and green indicates degenerate matter (in NS). The specific phase of the evolution is indicated by the text next to the systems, with black text indicating phases that have been observed previously, while red text indicates phases that have not been previously observed, and bold red text phases we observed in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-discovery-field-and-host-galaxy-of-iptf-14gqr-a-an-3dz9iqxv.png Figure 1: Discovery field and host galaxy of iPTF 14gqr. A. An optical image of the field from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS); r and g filter images have been used for red and cyan colors respectively). B. Composite RGB image (r, g and B filter images have been used for red, green and blue colors respectively) of the iPTF 14gqr field from images taken near the second peak (19 October 2014) with the Palomar 60-inch telescope (P60), showing a blue transient inside the white dashed circle at the discovery location. C. Late-time composite R+G image (R and G filter images have been used for red and cyan colors respectively) of the host galaxy taken with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on the Keck-I telescope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-iptf-14gqr-to-theoretical-models-of-nd1et0lr.png Figure 5: Comparison of iPTF 14gqr to theoretical models of ultra-stripped SNe. A. The bolometric light curve of iPTF 14gqr shown with a composite light curve consisting of ultrastripped Type Ic SN models (28) and early shock cooling emission (25). The blue dashed line corresponds to the 56Ni powered peak in the ultra-stripped SN models for Mej = 0.2 M , MNi = 0.05 M and EK = 2 × 1050 ergs, the magenta line corresponds to the early shock cooling emission and the orange line is the total luminosity from summing the two components. We use the blackbody (BB) luminosities to represent the early emission, while we use the pseudo-bolometric (pB) luminosities for the second peak (12). B. Comparison of the peak photospheric spectra of iPTF 14gqr (the epoch is indicated by the cyan dashed line in (A)) to that of the model in (A). The overall continuum shape, as well as absorption features of O I, Ca II, Fe II and Mg II are reproduced (12). https://scispace.com/papers/a-hybrid-finite-element-and-surrogate-modelling-approach-for-shxv3v11zi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hybrid-fe-and-surrogate-model-supported-steering-of-152drpoo.png Figure 4. Hybrid FE and surrogate model-supported steering of the mechanized tunnelling process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-data-exchange-between-the-tim-and-the-fe-simulation-kf2zlxox.png Figure 7. Data exchange between the TIM and the FE simulation model ekate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-model-based-optimization-of-tbm-steering-mid3uhoo.png Figure 11. Model-based optimization of TBM-steering parameters: Settlements at five measurement points with and without optimized steering parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-algorithm-for-model-update-identification-of-the-32mqq52t.png Table 4. Algorithm for model update: Identification of the soil parameters based on in situ measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-main-classes-of-the-steering-support-tool-1ppfvehk.png Figure 15. Main classes of the steering support tool including main objects and functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-for-the-hybrid-fe-and-surrogate-model-ujrm0n9s.png Table 1. Algorithm for the hybrid FE and surrogate model-supported steering in mechanized tunnelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-algorithm-for-the-generation-of-reliable-surrogate-2pm5547p.png Table 3. Algorithm for the generation of reliable surrogate models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-algorithm-for-surrogate-model-based-steering-1m9h0uli.png Table 5. Algorithm for surrogate model-based steering https://scispace.com/papers/a-hybrid-mcdm-technique-for-risk-management-in-construction-55odt387jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-factors-involved-in-construction-projects-2nm23cua.png Table 2. Risk factors involved in construction projects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dimensions-and-risk-criteria-involved-in-3jp1pd6m.png Table 3. Dimensions and risk criteria involved in construction projects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-weighted-normalised-decision-matrix-of-alternatives-s3o0g0mg.png Table 13. Weighted normalised decision matrix of alternatives w.r.t criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-normalised-decision-matrix-of-alternatives-w-r-t-1dn3oby4.png Table 12. Normalised decision matrix of alternatives w.r.t criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-ranking-of-alternatives-using-the-d-mabac-method-2txl3cgb.png Table 14. Ranking of alternatives using the D-MABAC method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-demographic-profile-of-respondents-2g3jsadu.png Table 1. Summary of demographic profile of respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-comparison-of-mabac-with-various-existing-multi-atfvrh4t.png Table 15. Comparison of MABAC with various existing multi-criteria decision making methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-inner-dependence-matrix-of-construction-project-28mc5xic.png Table 6. Inner dependence matrix of construction project factors. https://scispace.com/papers/a-hybrid-model-to-improve-filtering-systems-540yx9h4hn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overall-scheme-of-the-proposal-2sxsejyk.png Fig. 1. Overall scheme of the proposal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recall-rate-2sxmq7v6.png Fig. 4. Recall rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-precision-rate-1ma0e53t.png Fig. 3. Precision rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-mae-20m3vpfm.png Fig. 2. Comparison of MAE https://scispace.com/papers/a-java-reuse-repository-for-eclipse-using-lsi-1ufgygj6bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-four-corpora-r0cs3k5k.png Table 1. The four corpora https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-figure-browser-view-displays-the-api-specification-3jl76pnf.png Figure 3. Figure Browser View. Displays the API Specification of selected Java class, File, from figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-software-architecture-of-prophecy-system-vmumqnq5.png Figure 4. Software Architecture of Prophecy System https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ranking-of-relevant-components-retrieved-from-corpus-9zmcysar.png Table 2. Ranking of relevant components retrieved from corpus C1 and C2 using free-text query. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ranking-of-relevant-java-components-retrieved-from-r87ry0u9.png Table 3. Ranking of relevant Java components retrieved from corpus C1 and C2 using keyword query https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-queries-made-in-comments-centre-right-panel-yield-a-140s8mce.png Figure 2. Queries made in comments (centre-right panel) yield a list of candidates (bottom-right panel). https://scispace.com/papers/a-joint-chance-constrained-programming-approach-for-call-2zxqv9rz8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustrative-example-optimal-solutions-of-problems-3uxq783v.png Table 2: Illustrative example: optimal solutions of problems EDetB and EDetF https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-resolution-of-problem-edetf-instances-with-st-lt-1-5-ntliizc0.png Table 6: Resolution of problem EDetF - instances with σt λt = 1.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-resolution-of-problem-edetf-instances-with-st-lt-2-2o9ijoai.png Table 7: Resolution of problem EDetF - instances with σt λt = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-with-the-sample-approximation-approach-2id89w51.png Table 8: Comparison with the sample approximation approach - instances with σt λt = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-risk-cost-trade-off-analysis-2shnfll6.png Figure 2: General risk-cost trade-off analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-illustrative-example-input-data-bjhskcfg.png Table 1: Illustrative example: input data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrative-example-function-ps1-2l4skzx7.png Figure 1: Illustrative example: function Ψ1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-resolution-of-problem-edetf-instances-with-st-lt-0-5-lxzcmo7n.png Table 4: Resolution of problem EDetF - instances with σt λt = 0.5 https://scispace.com/papers/a-kinetic-study-of-biodiesel-in-waste-cooking-oil-7kdaolro00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-rate-constant-k-wt-min-1-for-triglycerides-2hy4bri4.png Table 1. Reaction rate constant k (wt%.min -1 ) for triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG) and monoglycerides (MG) methanolysis at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rate-constant-plot-for-glycerides-at-different-3l2n82lu.png Figure 5. Rate constant plot for glycerides at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-glycerides-concentrations-with-temperature-3gf7v6uw.png Figure 4. Glycerides concentrations with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-methyl-ester-conversion-with-temperature-rq2pl20q.png Figure 3. Methyl ester conversion with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rate-of-reaction-time-with-glycerides-concentration-2hplunlx.png Figure 1. Rate of reaction time with glycerides concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biodiesel-and-glycerol-conversion-with-reaction-3vymajhi.png Figure 2. Biodiesel and glycerol conversion with reaction time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-activation-energy-for-methanolysis-of-tg-dg-and-mg-3gnk341u.png Table 2. Activation energy for methanolysis of TG, DG and MG during transesterification of waste cooking oil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-arrhenius-plot-of-reaction-rate-with-reciprocal-h8h7zrmg.png Figure 6. Arrhenius plot of reaction rate with reciprocal temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/a-laser-powder-bed-fusion-system-for-in-situ-x-ray-1fh49qpzas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-setup-at-hems-beamline-p07-at-petra-iii-26dc7m8b.png FIG. 5. Experimental setup at HEMS beamline P07 at PETRA III, DESY, Hamburg, Germany. https://scispace.com/papers/a-latent-green-fluorescent-styrylcoumarin-probe-for-the-1rlsyflqgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-multispot-inoculation-columbia-agar-plates-with-12ct9jiw.png Figure 5. a) Multispot inoculation Columbia agar plates with isolates after 20 hours of incubation. i) Numbered spots correlating to species named in the table and ii) corresponding microorganisms in the absence of substrate 10; iii) in the presence of substrate 10 (50 mg/L) under VIS light, and iv) under 365 nm light source; b) Streaked Columbia agar plates containing substrate 10 (50 mg/L) under UV light (365 nm) after 20 hours incubation in the presence of (from top left to bottom right): Gram negative non-BAP producing E. coli and S. enteritidis, BAP producing P. aeruginosa, and Gram positive S. aureus (inhibited) and E. faecalis (inhibited). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detection-of-bap-producing-p-aeruginosa-using-a-1dmwr5sm.png Figure 1. Detection of BAP producing P. aeruginosa using a) yellow coloured β-alanyl PRF 1 resulting in purple colonies upon enzymatic activity; b) non-fluorescent BAP substrate 3 resulting in blue fluorescent colonies upon hydrolysis by BAP. https://scispace.com/papers/a-length-based-hierarchical-model-of-brown-trout-salmo-1xfylcmkz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-deterministic-and-stochastic-nodes-3h43y0ns.png Table 3 Definition of deterministic and stochastic nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-overall-model-comprises-eight-submodels-ktdrpc81.png Figure 1 The overall model comprises eight submodels: Abundance, growth, growth rate, emergence, temperature, weight, biomass, and production. Large frames with rounded corners: submodels with at least one stochastic node. Large frames with right corners: submodels with deterministic nodes only. Within frames: levels, constant parameters (bold), free parameters. Light filled rectangles: variables common to pairs of submodels. Dark filled rectangles: observed variables. Full arrows: stochastic links. Dashed and dotted arrows: deterministic links. Parameters of some submodels (growth rate, emergence, temperature, weight) are precomputed and provided to parent submodels as fixed input values (dotted arrows). Remaining submodels (abundance, growth, biomass, production) form a full HBM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dag-of-the-abundance-submodel-frames-indicate-od4pqynn.png Figure 2 DAG of the abundance submodel. Frames indicate levels: campaign (o 2 f1; . . . ;Og), cohort (k 2 f1; . . . ;Kg), length class (i 2 f1; . . . ; Ig), and removal (j 2 f1; . . . ; Jog). Rectangles: deterministic nodes; Ellipses: stochastic nodes; Dark filled nodes: observed variables (A, Co,i,j); Light filled nodes: variables common to the growth (mo,k, so,k) and biomass (lo,i,k) submodels. Full arrows: stochastic links. Dashed arrows: deterministic links. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cohort-growth-curves-expected-cohort-centers-thick-3i14pggp.png Figure 4 Cohort growth curves. Expected cohort centers (thick solid lines) plus and minus (thin solid lines) cohort standard deviations are computed by using the cohort growth model with the point estimates of the growth parameters which are reported in Table 5. Cohort centers at campaigns ð mo;k and mo,k) are represented (circles and triangles, respectively). Squares: emergence (at time temo;k of length Lo). Observation times to are highlighted with vertical dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-growth-model-alternatives-fit-d-and-growth-point-jeqcufcj.png Table 4 Growth model alternatives, fit (D), and growth point parameter estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-constant-parameters-34aq3gya.png Table 1 Values of constant parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-caught-fish-co-i-j-per-dl-5-10mm-length-3rxvretk.png Figure 3 Number of caught fish Co,i,j per Dl 5 10mm length class at Saint-Paul from October 2005 (o 5 1) to October 2010 (o 5 8). The number Co,i,j of fish of length class i caught during removal j during campaign o is illustrated as the j-th stacked sub-bar making up the bar of i-th length class (x-axis) of the subplot related to campaign o. Cohort centers (mo,k, triangles) are represented. Expected population sizes per cohort (lo,i,kADl, thin solid lines) and total (lo,iADl, thick solid lines) are computed by using Eq. (1) with point parameter estimates of mo,k, so,k, to,k, and lo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distributions-of-free-parameters-priors-39szoyv4.png Table 2 Distributions of free parameters (priors). https://scispace.com/papers/a-lock-free-concurrent-and-incremental-stack-scanning-3okrxnv6la 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pause-times-for-the-small-artificial-program-for-jbb-2skjyhtc.png Table 1. Pause times for the small artificial program, for JBB with 3 warehouses, and for the BARTOK compiler. Number of occurrences for each pause time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-work-for-the-bartok-compiler-and-for-1ifqetko.png Table 2. Distribution of work for the BARTOK compiler and for the three JBB threads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-call-stack-and-the-summary-ds-2tp1h6vk.png Figure 2. The call stack and the Summary-DS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mutator-states-diagram-1wdwztvi.png Figure 1. Mutator States Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reference-parameters-example-lxqg9x7n.png Figure 3. Reference Parameters example https://scispace.com/papers/a-longitudinal-view-of-the-liberal-arts-curriculum-a-decade-51up5gckzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratings-of-expected-utility-for-each-theme-83-1ckz6m5j.png Table 1: Ratings of Expected Utility for Each Theme ___________ )83 https://scispace.com/papers/a-logic-of-efficient-and-optimal-designs-6tky10z5o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-algorithm-for-optimal-complex-design-33fgf3ur.png Figure 4: Algorithm for Optimal Complex Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-for-e-cient-simple-design21-26tm6spj.png Figure 1: Algorithm for E cient Simple Design21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-algorithm-for-e-cient-complex-design-2kopl35j.png Figure 3: Algorithm for E cient Complex Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-algorithm-for-optimal-simple-design-1nqxmruf.png Figure 2: Algorithm for Optimal Simple Design https://scispace.com/papers/a-low-barrier-hydrogen-bond-between-histidine-of-secreted-31dff4ifan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2d-1h-15n-hsqc-spectra-at-600-mhz-showing-the-yuyzoxti.png Figure 7. 2D 1H–15N HSQC spectra at 600 MHz showing the positions of the [15N12]/[1H12]H48 crosspeak in WT bovine pancreatic sPLA2 under different conditions: (a) free WT at pH 7.1; (b) free WT at pH 5.1; (c) WT þ HK32 at pH 7.1, the two boxes indicate the positions of cross-peaks in (a) and (b) for comparisons; (d) WT þ HK32 at pH 8.5; and (e) WT þ HK32 at pH 9.9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comparison-of-the-asp-his-catalytic-dyad-in-spla2-ar3jrwfu.png Figure 1. (a) Comparison of the Asp-His catalytic dyad in sPLA2 and the Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad in chymotrypsin. (b) Structures of phosphonate transition-state analogs MG14 and HK32. (c) Active site interactions between bee venom sPLA2 and MG14 as seen in the crystal structure.17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-downfield-region-of-the-nmr-spectrum-of-bee-venom-72ionun9.png Figure 2. Downfield region of the NMR spectrum of bee venom sPLA2 at 500 MHz using a jump-return sequence for solvent suppression. (a) 15N-labeled WT bee venom sPLA2 in the presence of HK32 inhibitor, pH 4.8 at 305 K with broadband decoupling of 15N during acquisition using a GARP sequence. (b) Unlabeled WT bee venom sPLA2, pH 4.8 at 298 K with no inhibitor present. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermodynamic-scheme-for-the-interaction-of-tsa-nx8mrm63.png Figure 8. Thermodynamic scheme for the interaction of TSA with sPLA2. EKd is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of TSA from enzyme containing H48 in the imidazole form, and EHKd is the corresponding value when H48 is in the imidazolium form. EKA is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the proton from the imidazolium enzyme, and EIKA is the corresponding value when TSA is bound to the active site of the sPLA2. For this closed thermodynamic box, EIKA EKd ¼ EKAEHKd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-downfield-region-of-the-1h-nmr-spectra-at-600-mhz-3erimzg7.png Figure 3. Downfield region of the 1H NMR spectra at 600 MHz acquired on bovine pancreatic sPLA2 with a jump-return pulse sequence at 285 K: (a) free WT, pH 6.9; (b) free WT þ DMSO, pH 6.9; (c) 15N-labeled WT þ HK32, pH 7.1; (d) 15N-labeled WT þ HK32, pH 7.1, 15N-decoupling at 171 ppm; (e) 15N-labeled WT þ HK32, pH 7.1, 15N-decoupling at 194 ppm; (f) 15Nlabeled H115A þ HK32, pH 7.5; (g) 15N-labeled H115A þ HK32, pH 7.5, 15N-decoupling at 171 ppm; (h) 15N-labeled H115A þ HK32, pH 7.5, 15N-decoupling at 194 ppm; (i) [15N12]His labeled WT þ HK32, pH 7.1; (j) [15N12]His labeled WT þ HK32, pH 7.1, 15Ndecoupling at 171 ppm; (k) [15N12]His labeled WT þ HK32 at pH 7.1, 15N-decoupling at 194 ppm; (l) free 15N-labeled WT, pH 5.1; and (m) free 15N-labeled WT, pH 5.1, 15N-decoupling at 168 ppm. The peaks designated by A, B and C are Hd1/H48 in sPLA2-HK32 complex, H12/H48 in the imidazolium form of free PLA2, and H12/H48 in sPLA2-HK32 complex, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-the-fractionation-factor-fd1-of-3lqdf6bb.png Figure 4. Determination of the fractionation factor fd1 of the most downfield proton resonance of the bovine pancreatic sPLA2 complex with the transition-state analog (HK32). The value was found to be 0.62(^0.06) by non-linear least squares fit to equation (1). The continuous curve and broken line correspond to the expected behavior when f equals 0.62 and 1.0, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-determination-of-the-exchange-rate-kex-the-3fjr1fvr.png Figure 5. Determination of the exchange rate kex. The continuous curve through the experimental data is the Arrhenius plot of the temperature effect on the observed linewidth of the most downfield resonance in the WT sPLA2-HK32 complex with the following parameters: Eex ¼ 13.5(^0.6) kcal/mol, Cex ¼ 28.3(^0.9), Ed ¼ 24.9(^0.4) kcal/mol, and Cd ¼ 23.2(^0.8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-determination-of-the-pka-of-histidine-residues-in-350fxits.png Figure 6. Determination of the pKa of histidine residues in bovine pancreatic sPLA2. (a) The pH titration curves of [13C11]/[1H11]H48 and the fitting curves. Data were acquired by performing 1H–13C HMQC experiments at 600 MHz on [13C11]His specifically labeled WT sample. (b) The pKa of H115 was obtained in the same experiments as (a). (c) The pKa in the complex was obtained by following peak intensity changes of Hd1/H48 upon pH titration. Data acquired by running 1D jump-return experiments were fitted to equation (5). https://scispace.com/papers/a-low-level-communication-library-for-java-hpc-4yt5y012gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-public-interface-of-mpjdev-comm-class-32hd4qv0.png Fig. 2. The public interface of mpjdev Comm class. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-hpjava-communication-stack-1ekihest.png Fig. 1. An HPJava communication stack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-public-interface-of-request-class-17cfc8f4.png Fig. 3. The public interface of Request class. https://scispace.com/papers/a-lree-depleted-component-in-the-afar-plume-further-evidence-u8vpk0x3g2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-4-5-1zypv18l.png Table 2 (continued).4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-and-trace-element-analyses-of-hayyabley-1vwfvmjo.png Table 2 (continued).4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-click-here-to-download-table-hayy-table-3nb-doc-1zb4g77d.png Table 3 Click here to download Table: Hayy_Table 3nb.doc https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unspiked-40k-40ar-datings-of-hayyabley-basalts-see-20600e8l.png Table 1. Unspiked 40K-40Ar datings of Hayyabley basalts. See text for the analytical 1 procedures. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-5-14sepb9c.png Table 1.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sr-nd-and-pb-isotopic-compositions-of-hayyabley-yjumpwbf.png Table 4. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Hayyabley basalts (B: bulk rock; R: residue 1 after leaching). See text for the analytical procedures. Δ7/4 and Δ 8/4 denote the deviation (in 2 0/00) of https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sr-nd-and-pb-isotopic-compositions-for-hayyabley-7a9jyuv3.png Table 4. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Hayyabley basalts (B: bulk rock; R: residue 1 after leaching). See text for the analytical procedures. Δ7/4 and Δ 8/4 denote the deviation (in 2 0/00) of https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-compositions-of-light-ree-depleted-basalts-from-3ouq4ilw.png Table 3 Click here to download Table: Hayy_Table 3nb.doc https://scispace.com/papers/a-marine-bacterial-community-that-degrades-poly-ethylene-4v6xba4eqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-630-22wsudot.png Figures 630 https://scispace.com/papers/a-macroelement-framework-for-shallow-foundations-including-7f8gj8980r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-evolution-of-the-loading-ratio-e-along-the-loading-1jdfdwne.png Fig. 17. Evolution of the loading ratio η along the loading paths in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-horizontal-size-of-onf-for-a-prandtl-type-mechanism-2anoxed4.png Fig. 4. Horizontal size of Ωnf for a Prandtl-type mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-me-fe-comparison-at-different-footing-widths-and-h-b-24kw0o2v.png Fig. 11. ME–FE comparison at different footing widths and H/B=8·5 (psf = 50 kPa) – B=3 m (left), B=4 m (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-me-fe-comparison-at-varying-h-b-ratio-and-h-10-m-psf-qwaxtzp9.png Fig. 12. ME–FE comparison at varying H/B ratio and H=10 m (psf = 50 kPa) – H/B=8·5 (left), H/B=20 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-me-semi-prediction-of-the-fe-load-settlement-response-2lqturdz.png Fig. 10. ME semi-prediction of the FE load–settlement response for a vertically loaded 2 m-wide footing at (a) psf = 25 kPa and (b) psf = 100 kPa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-me-plastic-parameters-lqto6ls1.png Table 1. ME plastic parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-footing-response-at-different-psf-a-deviatoric-load-10i4f9cj.png Fig. 5. Footing response at different psf: (a) deviatoric load–settlement curves; (b) PQ loading paths; (c) final distribution of surface settlement (psf = 50 kPa); (d) generalised volumetric response https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fe-me-comparison-for-a-vertically-loaded-2-m-wide-2a0rmndo.png Fig. 9. FE–ME comparison for a vertically loaded 2 m-wide footing at psf = 50 kPa andH/B=8·5: (a) Q− vdev response; (b) volumetric vvol–vdev behaviour; (c) load–settlement Vin–vin curve https://scispace.com/papers/a-maternal-effect-genetic-incompatibility-in-caenorhabditis-554jnmis40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sup-35-pha-1-n2-haplotype-is-derived-and-is-2btrty0b.png Figure 3. The sup-35/pha-1 N2 haplotype is derived and is marked by an inversion. (Left) A gene tree built from the coding region of Y48A6C.4 in 152 C. elegans isolates and four other Caenorhabditis species. DL238, QX1211 and ECA36 cluster together in a separate branch from all other C. elegans isolates. (Right) The synteny in the region containing the sup-35/pha-1 element, as well as three highly conserved genes in the close vicinity (hmt-1, Y48A6C.4, and Y47D3A.29) is schematically represented. (ψ) denotes alleles that are pseudogenized. The genes sup-35 (red) and Y48A6C.4 (white) are inverted in DL238, QX1211, and ECA36 relative to the other 149 C. elegans isolates. The gene order and orientation of hmt-1, Y48A6C.4, and Y47D3A.29 in other Caenorhabditis species suggests that the inverted haplotype is the ancestral, and that the haplotype found in 149 isolates is the derived one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sup-35-and-pha-1-encode-a-maternal-effect-genetic-vkc6mmjf.png Figure 2. sup-35 and pha-1 encode a maternal-effect genetic incompatibility. (A) Alignment of short reads from DL238 to the N2 reference genome (top). A ~50kb region on the right arm of Chr. III selected during the introgression shows sparse alignment throughout with no read support for pha-1 (green) and weak support for sup-35 (red). Sequence conservation across 26 nematodes showed no conservation of pha1 (bottom). Values are phyloP scores retrieved from the UCSC genome browser (Pollard et al. 2010) (B) In our model, sup-35 (red rhombus) is a maternally deposited toxin and pha-1 is a zygotically expressed antidote (green circle). The embryonic lethality in the F2 of the cross between DL238 and N2 peel-1 -/- (left) was completely rescued when DL238 males were crossed to a strain carrying a sup-35(e2223) loss of function allele (center), and also when both parents carried a pha-1 transgene (right). Error bars indicate 95% binomial confidence intervals, calculated using the Agresti-Coull method (Agresti and Coull 1998) (C) The pharynx of a phenotypically wild-type F2 L1 worm from a DL238 x N2 peel-1 -/- cross. (D) The pharynx of an F2 L1 from the same cross as in (C) showing pharyngeal morphological defects and arrested development. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-maternal-effect-genetic-incompatibility-on-chr-2md1k8d4.png Figure 1. A maternal-effect genetic incompatibility on Chr. III. (A) A marker on Chr. V was introgressed from the reference strain N2 into the DL238 wild isolate. Short-read sequencing of the introgression strain revealed homozygous N2 variants on Chr. III, indicating strong selection in favor of N2 variants during the generation of this strain. (B) DL238 males were crossed to hermaphrodites carrying a null allele of the peel-1/zeel-1 element (niDf9) in an otherwise N2 background (N2 peel-1-/-). F1 hermaphrodites were allowed to self-fertilize (top). Alternatively, F1 males (middle) or hermaphrodites (bottom) were backcrossed to the DL238 parental strain. Embryonic lethality was scored in the F2 progeny as percent of unhatched eggs. Dashed grey lines indicate expected embryonic lethality under the maternaleffect toxin and zygotic antidote model (see also Fig. S2). Sample sizes are shown in parentheses. Error bars indicate 95% binomial confidence intervals, calculated using the Agresti-Coull method (Agresti and Coull 1998) (C) Punnett square showing the expected lethality in the F2. An interaction between a maternal toxin (black rhombus) and a zygotic antidote (white circle) results in 25% embryonic lethality in the F2 and is compatible with the lethality observed in our crosses. (D) Embryonic lethality in the F2 progeny of a cross between wild-type N2 hermaphrodites and DL238 males. N2 carries an active copy of peel-1/zeel-1, while DL238 carries an inactive copy. Independent segregation of two fully penetrant parental-effect incompatibilities is expected to result in 43.75% embryonic lethality. Orange and blue bars denote N2 and DL238 haplotypes, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-mathematical-model-for-invasion-range-of-population-38kqa6xcos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrative-explanation-of-range-r-2-a7umnq7u.png Figure 2: Illustrative explanation of range R(2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parameter-dependence-of-the-probability-for-the-2vmds8ma.png Figure 6: Parameter dependence of the probability for the termination of invasion, Ph=0. (a) β-dependence; (b) γ-dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-parameter-dependence-of-the-expected-time-for-the-22zcu0if.png Figure 7: Parameter dependence of the expected time for the termination of invasion 〈t〉h=0. (a) β-dependence; (b) γ-dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-variation-of-the-expected-expansion-2htkw097.png Figure 5: Temporal variation of the expected expansion velocity of invaded range. (a) 0 < β/γ ≤ 1, numerically drawn for β = 0.3 and γ = 0.5; (b) 1 < β/γ < d, for β = 0.5 and γ = 0.4; (c) β/γ ≥ d, for β = 0.5 and γ = 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-development-of-the-expected-invaded-range-2b41zr6j.png Figure 3: Temporal development of the expected invaded range. (a) 0 < β/γ < 1/2, numerically drawn for β = 0.3 and γ = 0.8; (b) 1/2 ≤ β/γ ≤ 1, for β = 0.3 and γ = 0.5; (c) 1 < β/γ < d, for β = 0.55 and γ = 0.5; (d) β/γ ≥ d, for β = 0.55 and γ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-d-dependence-of-the-saturated-value-of-expected-2rw1ik68.png Figure 4: d-dependence of the saturated value of expected invaded range. (a) 0 < β/γ < 1/2, numerically drawn for β = 0.3 and γ = 0.8; (b) β/γ ≥ 1/2, for β = 0.3 and γ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrative-explanation-of-the-relation-of-the-34ccw880.png Figure 1: Illustrative explanation of the relation of the fractal dimension d to the spatial pattern of patch distribution. Schematic process of settlement and abandonment is also shown. White disc indicates free patch, black occupied, and grey abandoned. (a) d ≈ 1; (b) 1 < d < 2; (c) d ≈ 2. https://scispace.com/papers/a-matrix-method-for-quasinormal-modes-schwarzschild-black-2763zmu7ke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-calculated-quasinormal-frequencies-o-and-1v9kwrti.png Figure 1. The calculated quasinormal frequencies ω and relative errors δω as a function of N. The calculations are carried out with rh = 1. The exact solutions are estimated by the results obtained with N = 40 interpolation points, which read ω = = = −n L1, 3 1.321 342 995 697 624 0.584 569 570 090 3002( ) i, ω = = = −n L2, 3 1.267 251 620 404 1664 0.992 016 434 193 0597( ) i. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-quasinormal-frequencies-in-asymptotically-anti-ovlkmmng.png Table 3. The quasinormal frequencies in asymptotically Anti de Sitter black hole spacetime obtained by the present method. The interpolation makes use of 22 points. It is compared to those obtained by HH method. Both calculations consider L = 0 and n = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-quasinormal-frequencies-in-asymptotically-de-1khsup5v.png Table 2. The quasinormal frequencies in asymptotically de Sitter black hole spacetime obtained by the present method. The interpolation makes use of 22 points. It is compared to those obtained by sixth order WKB method. Both calculations consider rh = 1 and rc = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-quasinormal-frequencies-in-asymptotically-flat-2rf1fgo6.png Table 1. The quasinormal frequencies in asymptotically flat black hole spacetime obtained by the present method. The interpolation makes use of 15 points. It is compared to those obtained by sixth order WKB method. Both calculations consider rh = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/a-measurement-of-muon-neutrino-disappearance-with-the-minos-27dq19hsl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-reconstructed-shower-energy-top-muon-momentum-33w63rez.png Figure 3.5: Reconstructed shower energy (top), muon momentum (middle), and muon angle (bottom) for the selected νµ charged-current events for the far detector data and MC simulation. The event selection procedure is described in Chapter 8. The MC simulation includes flux and cross-section corrections computed in Chapter 7 and corrections for the neutrino oscillations computed in Chapter 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-24-response-of-the-near-detector-to-neutrino-beam-qw66cisp.png Figure 3.24: Response of the near detector to neutrino beam spills. The figures show the mean signal of detector hits with the signal below (left) and above (right) the signal threshold, as labeled on each plot. The X axis labels use “strips” to stand for hits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-16-illustrations-of-the-statistical-errors-for-the-1enac59w.png Figure 9.16: Illustrations of the statistical errors for the four sets of pseudoexperiments with several values of the number of protons on target (POT). The figures show the area contained within the 90% C.L. (see Figure 9.15) for one hundred pseudo-experiments at each fixed number of POT. The two fit methods are compared in these figures. The primary fit method is shown with a black line, labeled as “Separate.” The secondary fit method is shown with a red histogram, labeled as “All events.” https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-this-table-lists-the-beam-configuration-the-3ueb9whb.png Table 7.3: This table lists the beam configuration, the selection type, and the number of histogram bins. The table also lists the χ2 values and the number of events in the data and MC simulation, before and after the fit. This fit includes all of the Run II LE data in addition to the data from other beam configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-4-these-figures-show-the-data-spectra-and-the-2ivdebkx.png Figure 9.4: These figures show the data spectra and the oscillated MC spectra divided by the expected MC spectra without oscillations. The top figure shows QES and RES events. The bottom figure shows the DIS events. These figures show the sum of Run I and Run II data events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-18-energy-resolution-for-en-top-eu-middle-and-ehad-ct812glf.png Figure 3.18: Energy resolution for Eν (top), Eµ (middle), and Ehad (bottom). Figures (a), (c), and (e) show the energy resolution computed for the true QES, RES, and DIS events in the MC simulation. Figures (b), (d), and (f) show the energy resolution computed for the selected QES, RES, and DIS events, as discussed in the text. The selected QES, RES, and DIS categories include the contributions from the true QES, RES, and DIS events, as illustrated in Figure 3.16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-energy-spectra-for-the-run-i-and-run-ii-data-the-1yupx6jc.png Figure 6.6: Energy spectra for the Run I and Run II data. The target position in Run II was approximately 1 cm closer to the first horn. This shift changes focusing characteristics for the secondary pions and produces fewer neutrinos. To account for this difference in target position, separate analysis procedures were performed for the Run I and Run II data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-number-of-track-scintillator-planes-figure-a-1lfglzah.png Figure 4.4: Number of track scintillator planes. Figure (a) shows the reconstructed muon and non-muon tracks. Figure (b) shows the three categories of events, as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/a-membrane-activatable-near-infrared-fluorescent-probe-with-3bmgwlart9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-fluorescence-images-of-nimap-stained-hek-293t-cells-1xpgny4x.png Fig. 6 (A) Fluorescence images of NIMAP-stained HEK 293T cells treated with H2O2 (0.2‰), at the indicated time points (scale bar: 30 μm). (B) Time-lapse fluorescence intensities of the yellow-boxed area in panel A, normalized to the intensity at 0 min. H2O2 was added at 5 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fluorescence-excitation-open-circle-and-emission-2rrccilp.png Fig. 4 Fluorescence excitation (open circle) and emission (closed circle) spectra of NIMAP in liposomes (red) or an aqueous solution (blue). The normalized absorbance of NIMAP in the aqueous solution is also shown (gray line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-the-dark-quencher-qsy-21-1-a-1sezodcz.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of the dark quencher QSY-21 (1), a QSY-21 labeled biotin (2), a sulfonic acid form of QSY-21 (3), and NIMAP (4). https://scispace.com/papers/a-memetic-algorithm-for-periodic-capacitated-arc-routing-2hgmghs2xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-used-in-the-pcarp-definition-1xkn3x20.png TABLE I NOTATIONS USED IN THE PCARP DEFINITION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-the-explicit-task-encoding-scheme-a-the-zx6l2tue.png Fig. 1. Example of the explicit task encoding scheme. (a) The given graph: all the edges are tasks, and v0 is the depot; (b) a PCARP solution: the solid lines indicate the services while the dashed lines indicate the deadheading paths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-runtime-in-cpu-seconds-of-the-compared-algorithms-on-1y44l441.png TABLE V RUNTIME (IN CPU SECONDS) OF THE COMPARED ALGORITHMS ON THE TEST SETS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-experimental-results-of-the-compared-algorithms-on-33jwp42f.png TABLE IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE COMPARED ALGORITHMS ON THE pgdb TEST SET. THE OPTIMAL RESULTS ARE WITH “∗,” AND THE NEW BEST RESULTS FOUND BY MARM ARE IN BOLD https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experimental-results-of-the-compared-algorithms-on-174wv38z.png TABLE III EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE COMPARED ALGORITHMS ON THE pgdb TEST SET. THE OPTIMAL RESULTS ARE WITH “∗,” AND THE NEW BEST RESULTS FOUND BY MARM ARE IN BOLD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-prbx-operator-3rop1k2r.png Fig. 2. Example of the PRBX operator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-average-performance-of-lma-ss-and-marm-on-the-pg-3bttgdfy.png TABLE IX AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF LMA, SS, AND MARM ON THE pG REAL-WORLD DATA SET. THE mnv’s AND tc’s OBTAINED BY MARM THAT ARE SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THAT OF LMA AND SS (WITH CONFIDENCE PROBABILITY OF 95%) ARE IN BOLD https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-best-performance-of-lma-ss-and-marm-on-the-pg-2fncjlgu.png TABLE VIII BEST PERFORMANCE OF LMA, SS, AND MARM ON THE pG REAL-WORLD DATA SET. THE OPTIMAL mnv’s ARE WITH “∗” https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-for-the-estimation-of-milk-lipase-2hhturowlv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xvi-effect-of-enzyme-concentration-on-hydrolysis-of-2a52cr64.png TABLE XVI EFFECT OF ENZYME CONCENTRATION ON HYDROLYSIS OF TRIBUTYRIN https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-effect-of-varying-the-concentration-of-tributyrin-3t6ia11f.png TABLE VIII EFFECT OF VARYING THE CONCENTRATION OF TRIBUTYRIN ON THE BLANK https://scispace.com/figures/table-xv-optimum-reaction-period-temperature-14xwdapy.png TABLE XV OPTIMUM REACTION PERIOD TEMPERATURE https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-effect-of-varying-the-concentration-of-boric-acid-oo1l4i5b.png TABLE VI EFFECT OF VARYING THE CONCENTRATION OF BORIC ACID ON THE BLANK https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-composition-of-sodium-borate-buffers-used-in-13i0oq7l.png TABLE XI COMPOSITION OF SODIUM BORATE BUFFERS USED IN DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM pH https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-varying-the-temperature-acid-ether-extraction-op-2dh0ohkc.png TABLE III VARYING THE TEMPERATURE ACID ETHER EXTRACTION OP BUTYRIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-effect-of-varying-the-concentration-of-phosphoric-3fqw3suj.png TABLE VII EFFECT OF VARYING THE CONCENTRATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID ON THE https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-effect-of-initial-ph-on-the-hydrolysis-of-1v3ct46e.png TABLE XII EFFECT OF INITIAL pH ON THE HYDROLYSIS OF TRIBUTYRIN https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-to-determine-the-maximum-side-perspective-of-4vmijvp1x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-data-tables-side-perspective-statistics-clxu6uxr.png Table 1 Test data tables side perspective Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-analysis-process-of-the-effects-on-ortho-27g5exk1.png Figure 2 the analysis process of the effects on ortho-rectification precision caused by side perspective and DEM error https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-correcting-error-m-at-different-side-perspective-1qavu4ha.png Table 2 the correcting error(m) at different side perspective and DEM error of QuickBird image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-side-perspective-to-the-position-1ayjxe6y.png Figure 4 the effect of side perspective to the position error at different elevation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-elevation-error-to-the-position-error-3nn0va2e.png Figure 3 the effect of elevation error to the position error at different side perspective https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-relationship-of-side-perspective-and-line-slope-twexzqnr.png Figure 5 the relationship of side perspective and line slope https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-slope-and-intercept-of-fitting-straight-line-p08ltnuz.png Table 3 the slope and intercept of fitting straight line between DEM error and correcting precision with different side perspectives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-error-of-displacement-of-image-points-caused-by-smth1yjr.png Figure 1 the error of displacement of image points caused by side perspective and relief((a): side perspective; (b): relief) https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-for-thermal-performance-characterization-of-2pzwpwydlo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-condenser-side-surface-temperature-difference-from-the-1jy99h1t.png Fig. 9 Condenser-side surface temperature difference from the mean, normalized by the device power (profile drawn along the length of the device passing through the center) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-test-section-top-inset-shows-1p0oq75r.png Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the test section (top inset shows the heater block assembly) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-calibrated-numerical-model-estimates-of-the-heat-2srg49s9.png Fig. 6 (a) Calibrated numerical model estimates of the heat loss and (b) junction-to-ambient temperature differences, as a function of input power for the copper and aluminum heat spreaders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-thermal-resistance-as-a-function-of-power-for-the-vspybywr.png Fig. 7 Thermal resistance as a function of power for the solid copper spreader and the vapor chamber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-vapor-chamber-operation-2lajqd3i.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of vapor chamber operation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-contours-of-the-condenser-side-surface-temperature-for-38sr9ikq.png Fig. 8 Contours of the condenser-side surface temperature for the (a) vapor chamber and (b) solid copper spreader at device heat inputs of approximately 1 W (left) and 2 W (right). Note the different temperature scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-spreading-metric-for-the-prototype-vapor-chamber-3j6ml76z.png Fig. 10 Spreading metric for the prototype vapor chamber relative to the solid copper heat spreader as a function of device heat input https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heat-loss-calibration-data-set-2dsm7nt3.png Table 1 Heat-loss calibration data set https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-to-utilize-facility-siting-techniques-in-the-early-4rm61re31x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-control-room-options-3sugn5p9.png Table 1. Control Room Options https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-alternate-layout-with-blast-overpressure-and-1s9in63p.png Figure 7. Alternate Layout with Blast Overpressure and Flammable Limits https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-precast-concrete-with-steel-frame-construction-type-2m01394j.png Table 4. Precast Concrete with Steel Frame Construction Type Options Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proposed-layout-adjusted-blast-contours-1245h2v7.png Figure 6. Proposed Layout Adjusted Blast Contours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-precast-concrete-with-steel-frame-jtez7hc1.png Figure 10. Comparison of Precast Concrete with Steel Frame Construction Type Options https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proposed-layout-toxic-contour-90-lethality-1-min-wcjvmk3d.png Figure 5. Proposed Layout Toxic Contour (90% Lethality 1 min. Exposure) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-construction-type-options-and-approximate-structural-y0qytbfs.png Table 2. Construction Type Options and Approximate Structural Materials Cost https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-postulated-blast-loading-3t6k2cch.png Table 3. Maximum Postulated Blast Loading https://scispace.com/papers/a-methodology-and-tool-support-for-generating-scheduled-4dlvw914eb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scheduler-architecture-1kq1b5aw.png Fig. 4.Scheduler architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-robotic-arm-system-architecture-2zkuq279.png Fig. 2.Robotic arm system architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-scheduler-automata-and-system-execution-modes-2j3eickj.png Fig. 5.Time & Scheduler automata and system execution modes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-system-decomposition-ico23x6s.png Fig. 6.System decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graph-rewrite-rules-for-the-generation-of-models-1ghklifx.png Fig. 3.Graph rewrite rules for the generation of models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-steps-o1qshw2m.png Table 2.Synthesis steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-code-analysis-generation-chain-ghvs65yv.png Fig. 1.Code analysis & generation chain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-abstractions-and-optimizations-1zzthnty.png Table 1.Model abstractions and optimizations https://scispace.com/papers/a-microfluidic-toolbox-for-the-development-of-in-situ-24cmse0qtr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-were-given-where-monoamine-oxidases-and-11derr52.png Table 2, examples were given where monoamine oxidases and amine transaminases could benefit from ISPR strategies based on charge differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microfluidic-meander-structured-chip-with-1gr1zsa6.png Figure 2. Microfluidic meander structured chip with integrated biosensors (green dots) for optical monitoring of reaction progress. The chip was developed and manufactured by iX-factory GmbH, Dortmund, Germany. Shown with permission from iX-Factory GmbH https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generalized-process-flow-sheets-of-biocatalytic-2st1m8gl.png Figure 1. Generalized process flow-sheets of biocatalytic processes exploiting in-situ product removal (ISPR) strategies. Left: This external ISPR strategy links the reactor and the separation units by recycling process streams between the modules/units. Right: This internal ISPR strategy combines the reactor and the separation units in a dedicated module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-commercially-available-microfluidic-modular-test-1uj56l2l.png Figure 4. Commercially available microfluidic modular test platform (plug-and-play). Shown with permission from microfluidic ChipShop GmbH https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-plug-and-play-concept-of-1u7t79jy.png Figure 3. Illustration of the plug-and-play concept of microfluidic modules for testing ISPR strategies in biocatalysis (top) and the dedicated on-chip ISPR concept (bottom). T1 and T2 are fluid reservoirs. R corresponds to a reactor module. S1 and S2 correspond to a separator and splitter, respectively. [S] represents substrate feeding, while [P] and W represent product and waste streams, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-for-contextual-data-sharing-in-smartphone-3obv8janw1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-android-implementation-1nyg7i4p.png Figure 5: Android Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cpu-load-caused-by-contextmanager-creating-10000-34n4rg3t.png Figure 11: CPU load caused by ContextManager creating 10000 Event objects retrieved from the database https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-taken-by-context-manager-to-insert-one-event-150tsk00.png Table 1: Time taken by Context Manager to insert one Event object into the database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-model-331hquzk.png Figure 2: System Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-taken-by-context-manager-to-retrieve-event-r948gbnb.png Table 2: Time taken by Context Manager to retrieve Event entries from the database https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-required-to-execute-query-for-inserting-one-3pnc18w8.png Table 3: Time required to execute query for inserting one Event context into the database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-time-required-to-execute-query-for-retrieving-event-3soxunzj.png Table 4: Time required to execute query for retrieving Event entries from the database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-booking-app-saves-movie-context-16e038to.png Figure 6: Booking app saves Movie Context https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-for-inter-organizational-business-process-3yv9p2k3rt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemplary-rdf-model-2k7btadk.png Figure 2: Exemplary RDF model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-web-services-concept-hez2c485.png Figure 1: The Web Services concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-levels-of-implementation-1xvgpw2j.png Figure 4: Levels of implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-36j61bex.png Table 11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-business-process-modeling-27p49fes.png Table 2: Evaluation of business process modeling methodologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-integration-phases-14u28tah.png Figure 3: Integration phases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-integration-of-the-model-layers-laqdyzf8.png Figure 5: Integration of the model layers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-that-no-initiative-fulfils-all-requirements-y0jx07ed.png Table 1 shows that no initiative fulfils all requirements for business process frameworks. Most approaches fall short with regard to the provisioning of registries and repositories, whereas the most complete one – ebXML – is still under development. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-for-the-origin-of-anisotropic-grain-boundary-3788snnqdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-mrd-values-for-grain-boundaries-number-3cbbs8mp.png Figure 3. The number MRD values for grain boundaries number fractions in a low energy bin at 0.5° and a high energy bin at 50° as a function of the number of critical events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-the-logarithm-of-the-grain-30xvvlid.png Figure 1. Correlation between the logarithm of the grain boundary population, measured in MRD units, and the grain boundary energy. (a) experimental results from measurements of polycrystalline MgO [5]. At each energy, the square is the mean population and the error bars show the standard deviation. (b) Simulated results from Grain 3D [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-triple-junctions-for-the-case-of-a-three-equal-1guc3j53.png Figure 2. Triple junctions for the case of (a) three equal energy grain boundaries and (b) when the horizontal grain boundary has a lower energy. It is assumed that the grain boundary line segments are fixed at the circles at edges of the box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-grain-boundary-character-distributions-3nndxnw0.png Figure 4. Steady state grain boundary character distributions resulting from two different energy functions, specified by Eq. 4. The area MRD is the area of a given grain boundary type, divided by the average area of all types. The fractional area is the area of a given grain boundary type, divided by the total grain boundary area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-steady-state-grain-boundary-character-distributions-1r0sf63p.png Figure 5. Steady state grain boundary character distributions resulting from two different energy functions, specified by Eq. 4. In this case, Eq. 7 was assumed to represent the relationship between the area and the energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-initial-and-steady-state-gbcds-assuming-the-3ubesna5.png Figure 6. The initial and steady state GBCDs assuming the energy function specified in Eq. 5, for ε = 0.4. The energy function is also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-logarithm-of-the-steady-state-gbcd-predicted-by-2xoax497.png Figure 7. The logarithm of the steady state GBCD predicted by the critical event model for the energy function specified in Eq. 5, for three values of the amplitude, ε. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-compound-heterozygous-loss-of-function-alleles-is-q38bqnnnrk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variance-explained-over-allele-frequency-the-1hsg1grh.png Fig 1. Variance explained over allele frequency. The cumulative additive and dominance genetic variance which can be explained by markers whose frequencies, q, are x. Each color represents a different value of λ: the mean effects size of a new deleterious mutation. Shown here are the gene-based (GBR), additive co-dominant (AC), incomplete multiplicative recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0.25); iMR) and complete multiplicative recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0);cMR) models. Solid lines show the additive variance alone and dotted lines show the combined additive and dominance variance. All data shown are for models where H2 * 0.08. These particular results are robust to changes H2 when VG is not changed, as is the case here. The additive and dominance genetic variance is estimated by the adjusted r2 of the regression of all markers (and their corresponding dominance encoding) with q x onto total genotypic value (see methods for details); data are displayed as the mean of 250 simulation replicates. The vertical dotted and dashed lines correspond to the q = 0.001 and q = 0.05, respectively. The curves under no growth appear to be truncated with respect to rapid growth because the range of the x-axis differs between growth and no growth (minimum q = 1/2N). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-heritability-estimates-compared-to-population-eopdx7ue.png Fig 2. Heritability estimates compared to population heritability. Heritability estimates and population heritability as a function of λ: the mean effect size of a new deleterious mutation. Additive (A; orange) component of true heritability is calculated by multiplying the end point(q = 1) of the variance curves in Fig 1 by the broad-sense heritability values summarized in S1 Fig. HE-regression and GREMLd estimates were obtained from random population samples (n = 6000). GREMLd analysis was performed in GCTA using genotype data that was either unfiltered or filtered to remove variants with MAF<0.01. Twin study estimates are directly calculated using MZ and DZ twin correlations from 64 sets of twin studies. Each study consisted of pooling 2000 MZ twin pairs and 2000 DZ twin pairs from each of 8 model replicates for a total of 64,000 individual phenotypes. Data are plotted as the median across replicate sets ± half the interquartile range. Shown are the additive co-dominant (AC), gene-based (GBR) incomplete multiplicative recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0.25); iMR) and complete multiplicative recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0); cMR) models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-significant-gwas-hits-horizontal-3iulwdfn.png Fig 4. Distribution of significant GWAS hits. Horizontal violin plots depict the distribution of minor allele frequencies (MAF) of the most strongly associated single marker in a GWAS. Individual hits are plotted as translucent points and jittered to provide a sense of the total number and density of hits. Each panel contains simulated data pooled across model replicates for each value of λ with empirical data for comparison. Empirical data are described in Materials and Methods. In cases where more than one marker was tied for the lowest p-value, one was chosen at random. Shown here are the additive co-dominant (AC), gene-based (GBR), incomplete multiplicative recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0.25); iMR) and complete multiplicative recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0);cMR) models. All data shown are for models where H2 * 0.08, because single marker test power was too low under H2 * 0.04 to make informative density plots. To further increase the number simulated data points, we perfromed n = 1,250 replicates at each level for this figure. Simulated data were subjected to ascertainment sampling such that the MAF distribution of all markers on the simulated genotyping chip was uniform. Specific information regarding the empirical data can be obtained in S1 Table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-parameters-used-in-the-models-17x4h92l.png Table 1. Description of parameters used in the models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-of-association-tests-a-the-power-of-a-single-i5e3yulv.png Fig 3. Power of association tests. (A) The power of a single marker logistic regression, at significance threshold of α 10−8, as a function of λ: the mean effect size of a new deleterious mutation. For single marker tests we define power as the number of simulation replicates in which any single marker reaches genome wide significance. Two study designs were emulated. For the gene chip design only markers with MAF > 0.05 were considered and all markers were considered for the resequencing design. Genetic models shown here are the additive co-dominant (AC), gene-based (GBR), complete multiplicative site-based recessive (Mult. recessive (h = 0); cMR) and incomplete multiplicative site-based recessive models (Mult. recessive (h = 0.25); iMR) (B) The power of region-based rare variant association tests to detect association with the simulated causal gene region at significance threshold of α 10−6. For region-based tests, we define power as the percent of simulation replicates in which the p-value of the test was less than α. The p-values for the ESM, c-Alpha were evaluated using 2 × 106 permutations. SKAT p-values were determined by the SKAT R package and represent numerical approximations to the presumed analytical p-value. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-data-forwarding-in-manets-for-lightweight-yxn7qvktv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-discontinuities-caused-by-the-time-based-windowing-1xfot0xw.png Figure 3: Discontinuities caused by the time-based windowing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biased-information-due-to-the-time-based-windowing-3jyiibya.png Figure 4: Biased information due to the time-based windowing. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-degassing-for-stromboli-volcano-3zd2ehrjkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-cross-section-showing-the-main-features-of-23ltymjo.png Fig. 6. Schematic cross-section showing the main features of Stromboli's crustal plumbing system (modified from Métrich et al., 2010). See text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-map-of-stromboli-showing-the-location-of-the-30ybb7lm.png Fig. 1. A map of Stromboli showing the location of the permanent MultiGAS on Pizzo Sopra la Fossa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-volatile-abundances-in-stromboli-s-melt-inclusions-and-3rmhtpke.png Fig. 7. Volatile abundances in Stromboli's melt inclusions and glass embayments contrasted against results of the saturation model. Data fromMétrich et al. (2001, 2005, 2009) and Bertagnini et al. (2003). (a) H2O vs. CO2; (b) H2O vs. S. The grey solid lines are model results from LP runs 1–4, whilst black dashed lines show model results from HP runs 5–6. Comparison of natural and modelled compositions confirms that the deep (PN100 MPa) LP magma contains a high (2–5 wt.%; model curves 2–3) fraction of gas bubbles at reservoir conditions. Glass embayment formed at P∼100 MPa are H2Opoorer than predicted by model curves 2–3, suggesting some extent of gas fluxing with CO2-rich gas bubbles. This triggers de-hydratation of the LP magma, and probably controls transition to HP magma. The same process likely occurs also in the upper conduit system (compare model trends 5–6 with volatile abundances in HP magmas). In a, isobars are traced under a fixed Fe2/Fetot ratio of 0.24 (Table 2), and are thus slightly different than those originally reported byMétrich et al. (2010) (who, yet using the same saturation model, used a constant ΔNNO value, thus yielding variable Fe2/Fe3 proportions depending on melt composition, and water particularly). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositions-of-stromboli-s-volcanic-gas-plume-in-1jx08dbx.png Table 1 Compositions of Stromboli's volcanic gas plume (in mol%). We derive compositions for both the bulk plume (essentially contributed by persistent passive degassing) and the syn-explosive plume (the gas jet of a Strombolian explosion, reaching the MultiGAS a few seconds after the burst, and before being diluted in the main plume). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-a-1800-smultigas-acquisition-at-g3155rzu.png Fig. 2. An example of a 1800 sMultiGAS acquisition at Stromboli (acquisition frequency, 9 s). Whilst small erratic variations of H2O concentrations are typically measured when the plume is condensing (curve a), more systematic variations (curve b) are observed in dry weather conditions and when the plume fumigates the Pizzo Sopra la Fossa area. These are correlated with variations of CO2 (curve c) and SO2 (curve d) concentrations. In such circumstances, volcanic H2O was derived from the raw data (b) by subtracting background air H2O content; this required fitting a polynomial function (shown as a dotted line) to H2O measurements for which a SO2 content of nearly 0 was consistently detected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-input-parameters-of-model-runs-lp-runs-3kc0ea3e.png Table 2 List of input parameters of model runs. LP runs simulate isothermal closed system ascent of LP magmas (melt composition data Métrich et al., 2010) within their storage zone (300– 190 MPa pressure range), and upon shallow emplacement (down to 100 MPa). Redox conditions along the decompression path were fixed by the Fe2+/Fe3+ buffer, for which we adopted the value of 3.4. This choice is based on XANES determinations on a hydrous (H2O=2.9 wt.%) LP magma melt inclusion (Bonnin-Mosbah et al., 2001), but is also consistent with the olivine-liquid iron and magnesium partition observed in a large set of Stromboli MIs (Bertagnini et al., 2003). The resulting logfO2 conditions range from 0.07 to 0.82 NNO (NNO is the Nickel–Nickel Oxide buffer). Note that while MI compositions can be taken as good proxies for total (exsolved+dissolved) water and sulphur contents (then evaluated as H2OTOT: 3.4 wt.%; STOT: 0.16 wt.%, respectively), LP magmas were probably already saturated with a CO2-rich gas phase when the most primitive MIs formed. If such, the highest measured dissolved CO2 content (∼0.2 wt.%; see Fig. 7a) in MIs would significantly underestimate CO2TOT. Four separate LP runs (with different CO2TOT contents; these should be viewed as CO2 concentrations in the magma, i.e., in the melt plus gas suspension) were thus carried out. As for HP runs, we considered a shoshonitic melt with total CO2, H2O, and S contents of 0.04, 1.2 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively (as from representative compositions of MIs in olivines from erupted HP products; Métrich et al., 2010). The recurrent observation of a sulphide immiscible liquid phase in MIs suggests that the HP magma is potentially in a more reducing redox state than the LP magma; we therefore performed model runs at both NNO at NNO-1 redox conditions. For both LP and HP runs, melt composition data are from Métrich et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-high-resolution-9-s-record-of-a-plume-ratios-and-b-co2-hfafoyp6.png Fig. 4. High-resolution (9 s) record of (a) plume ratios and (b) CO2 concentrations, showing the contrasting compositions of the passive and syn-explosive gas plume emissions. In the most favourable conditions (strong winds blowing from the N), a Strombolian explosion (grey arrow labelled “EXP”) is followed (with a time-lag of a few seconds) by a brief (lasting a few minutes) but significant increase of CO2 concentrations and CO2/SO2 ratios detected by the MultiGAS. The syn-explosive gas phase is typically H2O-poorer (and CO2-richer) than the passive plume released in between explosions (this contribution by far dominating Stromboli's bulk plume emissions in the long-term). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-a-h2o-co2-vs-co2-so2-scatter-plot-stromboli-s-plume-3jd7phyq.png Fig. 5. In a H2O/CO2 vs. CO2/SO2 scatter plot, Stromboli's plume gas emissions are shown to range from CO2-rich to H2O-rich. The syn-explosive (black circles) and quiescent (open circles) plumes have distinct compositions, with some overlap. Grey circles are FTIR-sensed gas compositions for Strombolian explosions (Burton et al., 2007b). Curves labelled “Mixing lines” are calculated as described in the caption of Fig. 8, and in Section 5.2. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-eco-efficiency-and-recycling-252u1z8t6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1zexknxk.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qj7u8guq.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-y5nqeti1.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-337mx1bb.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-i309ml3g.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-31ctznsh.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-271oalvf.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ijeuq4iw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-income-evaluation-income-comparison-on-subjective-4ft04yvu2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-income-evaluation-distribution-for-each-social-2p0d6yss.png Figure 7: Income evaluation distribution for each social category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-parameters-of-objective-and-subjective-1uihw86n.png Figure 8: Estimated parameters of objective and subjective income distribution for each social category (posterior mean and interval between 0.05 and 0.95 quantiles) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-objective-and-subjective-income-pwxh1a7y.png Figure 3: Example of objective and subjective income distributions (µo = µs = 5, σo = 1, σs = 2) (left) and p distribution (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-trajectory-of-p-according-to-d-and-a-so-24zldlvm.png Figure 4: Example of trajectory of p∗ according to δ and α (σo = 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-objective-and-subjective-income-334daev0.png Figure 5: Estimated objective and subjective income distribution (left: logged income, right: income) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-kullback-leibler-distance-from-objective-to-19s922vb.png Figure 10: Kullback–Leibler distance from objective to subjective income distribution for each social category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-individual-income-distribution-and-fitted-lognormal-k4n5rdyg.png Figure 1: Individual income distribution and fitted lognormal distribution (SSP 2015 data, unit: ten thousand Japanese yen) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-mcmc-estimation-different-model-13g57kzk.png Table 2: Summary of MCMC estimation (different model) https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-the-three-dimensional-evolution-of-arctic-melt-sqevj0ctnk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-first-year-ice-mean-individual-pond-area-for-the-2scsl7ve.png Figure 15. First‐year ice. Mean individual pond area for the standard case and snow sensitivity studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-multiyear-ice-case-change-of-area-averaged-surface-3dtg1e8u.png Figure 30. Multiyear ice case. Change of area‐averaged surface albedo with time for the standard case and vertical permeability sensitivity studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-multiyear-ice-case-change-of-area-averaged-surface-y0omm7xc.png Figure 29. Multiyear ice case. Change of area‐averaged surface albedo with time for the standard case and ice sensitivity studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-variation-in-the-fractional-distribution-of-8xtit3pi.png Figure 9. (a) Variation in the fractional distribution of surface area with time for the standard multiyear ice case, where mean ice thickness is 2.50 m, standard deviation in ice thickness is 1.10 m, mean snow thickness is 0.30 m, and standard deviation in snow thickness is 0.25 m. Fraction of the surface with a snow cover is light blue, fraction of the surface covered with melt ponds is red, and fraction of the surface with no ice cover (open ocean) is dark blue. (b) Change in mean snow depth (light blue), mean pond depth (red), and mean ice thickness (black) with time for the standard multiyear ice case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-first-year-ice-mean-individual-pond-area-for-the-2cbcu02w.png Figure 12. First‐year ice. Mean individual pond area for the standard case (red) and snow sensitivity studies. Scale for the thick snow case (dotted black) is given on the right‐hand axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contour-plots-showing-simulated-pond-depth-on-first-3hljfnw6.png Figure 4. Contour plots showing simulated pond depth on first‐year ice during the melt season. Pond depth on the day that ponds initially form (on day 175) and pond coverage before freezeup (on day 210) are shown. Dark blue represents bare ice, and pond depth scale is illustrated in the color bar with red for the deepest ponds. White regions are areas where sea ice has melted through entirely. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contour-plots-showing-simulated-pond-depth-on-2duufm5g.png Figure 8. Contour plots showing simulated pond depth on multiyear ice during the melt season. Note the color scale is different from that in Figure 4. Pond depth on the day that ponds initially form (on day 175) and pond coverage before freezeup (on day 210) are shown. Dark blue represents bare ice, and pond depth scale is illustrated in the color bar with red for the deepest ponds. White regions are areas where sea ice has melted through entirely. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-multiyear-ice-mean-individual-pond-area-for-the-2mz326sj.png Figure 24. Multiyear ice. Mean individual pond area for the standard case and vertical permeability sensitivity studies. https://scispace.com/papers/a-modified-positive-velocity-and-position-feedback-scheme-312jhxnrj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-root-contours-of-the-closed-loop-system-controlled-3nop6q2t.png Figure 8. Root contours of the closed-loop system controlled with the traditional PVPF when the changing parameter is the delay of the system (Circle of radius ωn indicated in dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-root-contours-of-the-closed-loop-system-controlled-34t91nyu.png Figure 9. Root contours of the closed-loop system controlled with the modified PVPF scheme scheme designed considering a nominal value of delay τ = 351 µs (indicated with crosses). The arrows in the figure indicate the moving direction of the poles when the actual delay of the plant is increased https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frf-of-the-experimental-platform-and-the-mnyzjkxi.png Figure 3. FRF of the experimental platform and the secondorder model (including time delay), measured from the input to output displacements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-two-axis-serial-kinematic-nanopositioner-designed-2eceisas.png Figure 2. A two-axis serial kinematic nanopositioner, designed at the EasyLab, University of Nevada, Reno, driven by two PiezoDrive 200V Linear amplifiers, with position measured by a Microsense 4810 capacitive sensor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-closed-loop-poles-of-the-ah2fa151.png Figure 7. Evolution of the closed-loop poles of the experimental platform for delay in the range [0,600] µs. The position of the poles for a delay of 351 µs is indicated with crosses and diamonds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnitude-and-phase-response-of-the-nanopositioning-1ows1x6s.png Figure 4. Magnitude and phase response of the nanopositioning platform measured from input to output displacement for different sampling rates. Plots in blue are experimental results and plots in green are simulated results including time delay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-response-of-the-experimental-system-30f1ot3i.png Figure 5. Frequency response of the experimental system without delay compensation and simulated results for the ideal case (without delay) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-response-of-the-experimental-system-with-prmaf842.png Figure 6. Frequency response of the experimental system with delay compensation and simulated results for the ideal case (without delay) https://scispace.com/papers/a-modelling-study-of-long-term-green-roof-retention-5c6t37xmkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-retention-performance-characteristics-1mf3vxbj.png Table 1 Retention performance characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drought-stress-indicators-as-a-function-of-location-mkzhn2fv.png Table 2 Drought stress indicators as a function of location and configuration https://scispace.com/papers/a-molecular-blueprint-of-lignin-repression-1aoj657m9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pal-as-a-case-study-ofmultiplemechanisms-regulating-3c38lurv.png Figure 2. PAL as a Case Study ofMultipleMechanisms Regulating Gene Expression and Protein Abundance. (A) PAL is directly repressed through binding of various TALE family transcription factors (TFs; e.g., BREVIPEDICELLUS) to the DNA knotted 1 (KN-1) motif, as well as by binding of subgroup 4 R2R3 MYBs (e.g., MYB4) to the AATAGTT motif. (B) PAL is indirectly regulated through BLH6–KNAT7-mediated repression of the HD-Zip III TF REVOLUTA. HB15 represses the expression of the master switches SND1 and NST2, which are activators of PAL expression. (C) Kelch F-box proteins ubiquitinate PAL to target it to the 26S proteasome for proteolysis. Other PAL regulatory pathways, including metabolic feedback repression (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid), environmental factors, and physical interactions with other phenylpropanoid enzymes (C4H) are beyond the scope of this figure but are reviewed in [44]. Abbreviations: BLH, BEL1-like homeodomain; HB, homeobox; KFB, kelch F-box; KNAT, knotted1-like TALE homeodomain; NST, NAC secondary wall thickening promoting factor; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; SND, secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein; Ub ubiquitin. This figure was created using BioRender (https://biorender.com/). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-binding-sites-of-proteins-involved-in-the-repression-1oes2xd2.png Table 1. Binding Sites of Proteins Involved in the Repression of Monolignol Biosynthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-repressive-activity-of-egmyb1-increases-when-it-tq23c98g.png Figure 1. The repressive activity of EgMYB1 increases when it is associated with EgH1.3. Some factors are devoted to specifically preventing monolignol biosynthesis (blue boxes), whereas others repress secondary cell wall (SCW) formation more widely (violet boxes). Proteins repressing SCW formation are essentially involved in the spatiotemporal regulation of specific tissue development, such as preventing SCW deposition in pith (AtWRKY12, AtHB15) or restricting the timing and localization of xylem cell development (AtVNI2). Abbreviations: 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; AldOMT, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase; ARK, arborknox; BLH, BEL1-like homeodomain; BP, brevipedicellus; C4H, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; DRIF, divaricata and radialis interacting factor; H1.3, linker histone variant; hAT, hobo activator Tam3 transposase; HB, homeobox; KFB Kelch F-box; KNAT, knotted1-like TALE homeodomain; LAC, laccase; LTF, lignin biosynthesisassociated transcription factor; MED, Mediator; NST, NAC secondary wall thickening promoting factor; OFP, ovate family protein; P, phosphorylation; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PCN, popcorona; SND, secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein; U, ubiquitin; VND vascular-related NAC domain; VNI, VND interacting; XND, xylem NAC domain. This figure was created using BioRender (https://biorender.com/). https://scispace.com/papers/a-monetary-minsky-model-of-the-great-moderation-and-the-3uovp3xz17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-conservative-system-1uws01ls.png Figure 3: A conservative system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-rate-of-change-of-real-wages-as-a-function-of-4qhsfjgn.png Figure 4: The rate of change of real wages as a function of the employment rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-apparent-economic-tranquility-gives-way-to-a-1pr8d3mz.png Figure 9: Apparent economic tranquility gives way to a deflationary collapse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cyclical-growth-in-the-debt-to-output-ratio-2y8mom72.png Figure 10: Cyclical growth in the debt to output ratio, followed by exponential growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-flow-rates-for-the-entries-in-the-godley-table-3eohpye7.png Table 2: Flow rates for the entries in the Godley Table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-great-moderation-gives-way-to-the-great-mbakhytt.png Figure 1:The Great Moderation gives way to the Great Recession https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-dissipative-system-with-breakdown-rb0p4q6m.png Figure 7: A dissipative system with breakdown https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-godley-table-of-monetary-flows-in-a-growing-3mddfd27.png Table 1: Basic Godley Table of monetary flows in a growing economy https://scispace.com/papers/a-monte-carlo-particle-model-associated-with-neural-networks-5f4xops568 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ship-is-moving-in-plane-where-denotes-observed-angular-2d9dv4g5.png Fig. 1. Ship is moving in plane, where denotes observed angular positions from the initial fixed point and denotes the true position of ship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-resampling-number-of-the-three-algorithms-16vo4wj7.png TABLE I AVERAGE RESAMPLING NUMBER OF THE THREE ALGORITHMS FOR 100 SIMULATIONS, 200 TIME INSTANCES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-performance-of-three-algorithms-for-2jgrz74k.png Fig. 3. Comparison of performance of three algorithms for particle number . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-performance-among-three-algorithms-for-w9et8cl7.png Fig. 2. Comparison of performance among three algorithms for particle number . https://scispace.com/papers/a-more-thorough-analysis-of-water-rockets-moist-adiabats-d9kl0qh8t9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-water-height-h-and-altitude-z-of-the-rocket-according-1y57s27k.png Fig. 7. Water height h and altitude Z of the rocket according to textbook gray and the present black analyses using conditions from Ref. 2 with Pi=3.4 bars. In b and c the velocities are plotted on a logarithmic time scale to stretch the shorter times. The horizontal line in b is given by Eq. 24 , and the initial slope in c is d2Z /dt2 P /m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-its-simplest-version-a-water-rocket-is-made-of-a-1gawncj9.png Fig. 1. In its simplest version, a water rocket is made of a soda bottle partially filled with water, in which air is injected with a bicycle pump. When the pressure increases, the stopper eventually pops out, water is ejected, and the rocket takes off. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snapshots-taken-at-times-a-t-0-s-b-t-0-2-s-and-t-0-4-s-2082lj7k.png Fig. 2. Snapshots taken at times a t=0 s, b t=0.2 s, and t=0.4 s during the launch of a water rocket. The insets show the rocket at the onset of ejection and soon after the end of ejection. Note that the ejected water in the cloud of b is moving upward. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanical-work-performed-by-moist-air-upon-doubling-1fyg9brt.png Fig. 4. Mechanical work performed by moist air upon doubling adiabatically its volume against atmospheric pressure, as a function of the initial temperature Ti and initial pressure Pi=3 bars + , 4 bars , and 7 bars . The work is normalized by the work performed by dry air under the same conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-two-reference-frames-used-in-the-present-analysis-1vii1w18.png Fig. 5. The two reference frames used in the present analysis, and the meaning of some symbols. The free surface of water does not remain flat if the velocity profile is not uniform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-pressure-volume-curves-of-moist-air-during-adiabatic-2qxj9gwn.png Fig. 3. a Pressure-volume curves of moist air during adiabatic expansion, starting from Pi=2, 4, and 6 bars, and initially in equilibrium with water at Ti=10, 50, and 90 °C + . The solid lines are isotherms pV=constant and dry adiabats pV =constant . b Moist adiabats are approximated by a polytropic process of the form pV =constant dotted lines in a , the exponent of which is a function of the initial relative humidity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-more-realistic-model-of-a-soda-bottle-consisting-of-2sfkqgre.png Fig. 8. A more realistic model of a soda bottle, consisting of a cylinder of radius R ended by a hemispherical cap truncated at the bottle neck. The radius r0 of the neck has been exaggerated for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-predicted-and-experimental-heights-reached-by-a-water-38b5enfg.png Fig. 6. Predicted and experimental heights reached by a water rocket as a function of time for a Pi=3.4 bars and b Pi=6.8 bars: experimental data from Ref. 2, 0 textbook analysis, 1 current model with simplified geometry, 2 with realistic geometry, 3 with realistic geometry and vapor condensation, and 4 with realistic geometry, condensation, and nonuniform flow. https://scispace.com/papers/a-morphable-face-albedo-model-21npi0f3oe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-our-capture-and-blending-pipeline-3jyuuq5o.png Figure 2: Overview of our capture and blending pipeline. Images within a blue box are captured simultaneously. Photometric image pairs within a dashed orange box are captured sequentially with perpendicular/parallel polarisation state respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-source-geometry-and-albedo-maps-from-the-3drfe-17cw7urs.png Figure 3: (a)-(c): Source geometry and albedo maps from the 3DRFE dataset [27]. (d)-(e): final registered, colour transformed albedo maps on warped template geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hole-filling-subject-with-most-masked-vertices-left-1cjn660m.png Figure 4: Hole filling (subject with most masked vertices). Left: manually masked albedo map. Middle: statistically inpainted. Right: Poisson blend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-leave-one-out-generalisation-error-for-three-2i1hf16h.png Figure 5: Leave-one-out generalisation error for three variants of the specular model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-with-current-state-of-the-art-and-30xow3lb.png Figure 6: Comparison with current state-of-the-art and publicly available models. Our full model is shown in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-albedo-estimation-results-for-the-bfm-2017-and-the-1nev1t01.png Table 1: Albedo estimation results for the BFM 2017 and the proposed method. The second column shows the reconstruction based on the respective model mean solely. Those results are based on the reconstructions depicted in Fig 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-albedo-estimation-results-based-on-the-exact-same-26710d7c.png Figure 8: Albedo estimation results based on the exact same inverse rendering pipeline for the BFM 2017 and the proposed model. The proposed model is both visually and in terms of mean squared error (see Table 1) closer to the ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-qualitative-model-adaptation-results-on-the-lfw-17dtmin0.png Figure 7: Qualitative model adaptation results on the LFW dataset [18]. Our model leads to comparable results whilst explicitly disentangling albedo and estimating diffuse and specular albedo. https://scispace.com/papers/a-mouse-model-of-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy-followed-by-33yo5rlhhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-25m2xrvi.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h9yhkzt.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-36dw0slj.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-35mfnmam.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-actor-multi-criteria-analysis-of-the-performance-of-3ok8z8cryf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mamca-results-for-the-bottom-10-world-cities-in-1ajut4rf.png Figure 6. MAMCA results for the bottom-10 world cities – in terms of efficiency – from the perspective of all classes of stakeholders (with Paris as a benchmark) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-concentration-of-artists-versus-b-cultural-1v1fep9g.png Figure 11. A (concentration of artists)- versus B (cultural attractiveness)- analysis for all cities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mamca-results-for-8-world-cities-from-the-bvu5woc5.png Figure 3. MAMCA results for 8 world cities from the perspective of all classes of stakeholders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mamca-results-for-8-world-cities-from-the-3goykkqf.png Figure 2. MAMCA results for 8 world cities from the perspective of the class of ‘visitors’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-gaia-plane-for-7-world-cities-as-compared-to-3jg9q0xz.png Figure 12. GAIA plane for 7 world cities, as compared to Figures 2 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mamca-results-for-the-bottom-10-world-cities-in-1lwxmd75.png Figure 7. MAMCA results for the bottom-10 world cities – in terms of efficiency – from the perspective of the class of ‘artists’ (with Paris as a benchmark) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gaia-plane-with-topological-positions-for-the-1gncoxxd.png Figure 8. GAIA plane with topological positions for the selected EU and non-EU top-10 cities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-overall-ranks-of-the-top-10-cities-on-the-basis-of-1xjehcpf.png Figure 9. Overall ranks of the top-10 cities on the basis of the PROMETHEE method https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-agent-system-that-facilitates-scientific-402c6rmfdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-architecture-of-a-single-system-node-users-of-1wfwort9.png Figure 2: The architecture of a single system node. Users of the system node query their personal agents on the platform. Personal agents contact one another to find papers on a specified topic. They also use a search API to contact different information providers, e.g. CiteSeer. A SICS module inside the personal agent filters and re-ranks collected information. There are also expert agents running on the platform, which are the clones of the personal agents of the experts on the topic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sequence-diagram-in-response-to-an-information-4qll95ey.png Figure 4: Sequence diagram in response to an information request. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-precision-of-10-simulations-with-different-3heg6f1f.png Figure 5: Average precision of 10 simulations with different number of searches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-recall-of-10-simulations-with-different-qu8gldrg.png Figure 6: Average recall of 10 simulations with different number of searches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-f-measure-of-10-simulations-with-different-2vf8mwq7.png Figure 7: Average F-measure of 10 simulations with different number of searches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-several-platforms-with-three-ad-hoc-24vdmbec.png Figure 1: An example of several platforms with three ad hoc communities. Cloned expert agents are depicted with dotted squares. Julia, Ali and Javed also form an organizational community. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-actions-that-can-be-observed-by-the-system-23me0xnq.png Table 1: The actions that can be observed by the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sequence-diagram-in-response-to-a-paper-request-gagssc57.png Figure 3: Sequence diagram in response to a paper request. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-context-bdi-recommender-system-from-theory-to-1ud9vo5h2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-multi-context-bdi-agent-model-2dqxlh3k.png Fig. 1. The Multi-context BDI Agent Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-utility-of-agents-with-and-without-social-context-33osijct.png Fig. 4. Mean utility of agents with and without social context. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-satisfaction-degree-of-agents-with-and-without-2nw2xkz3.png Fig. 5. Mean satisfaction degree of agents with and without social context. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-gain-of-agents-with-and-without-a-social-context-1caxido4.png Fig. 3. Mean gain of agents with and without a social context. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-scale-and-distribution-of-parameters-in-the-20ks0a1e.png TABLE I THE SCALE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PARAMETERS IN THE SIMULATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-user-interface-of-our-multi-agent-simulation-in-1g2wxx8l.png Fig. 2. The User interface of our multi-agent simulation in Netlogo. The person icon represents an agent which represents a user. Flags represent destinations in which agents can go. Labels represent an agent intention which consists of two elements: the name, mapped to a NetLogo command, and a done-condition, mapped to a NetLogo reporter. Intentions are stored in a stack, and are popped out when to be executed. If the done-condition is satisfied, the intention is removed and the next intention is popped out consecutively. The figure shows also, on the right side, how the graphs are updated dynamically as the program runs. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-objective-optimization-model-for-dairy-feeding-2vwwwuim5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimized-feeding-costs-a-and-gross-margin-over-1fcehnov.png Fig. 1. Optimized feeding costs (a) and gross margin over feeding costs (b) as related to stocking rate for dairy cows feeding systems derived from Linear Programming (LP) and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms, at different production levels of 25 (LP_25 and DE_25) and 30 (LP_30 and DE_30) l of milk per day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-the-dairy-system-performance-ij6q47l7.png Fig. 2. Relationship between the dairy system performance indicators as represented by Pareto frontiers after multi-objective optimization. Each dot represents a way to do the food resource allocation to the dairy herd. The green dots represent the solutions obtained using a stocking rate of 1.1 cow/ha, while the violet dots represent the solutions obtained using a stocking rate of 2.1 cows/ha. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-description-z1bztxom.png Table 5 Parameters description. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-times-the-herd-must-be-assigned-to-26dgh79t.png Table 4 Number of times the herd must be assigned to pastures (P) or supplements (S). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-attainable-values-at-different-stocking-rates-md8w4oee.png Table 3 Best attainable values at different stocking rates for the five objectives of the multi-objective optimization with DE. The objective with the highest value is indicated in bold font. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decision-variables-objective-functions-and-9yr0bmhc.png Table 1 Decision variables, objective functions and constraints description. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-feeding-areas-806opyp1.png Table 2 Characteristics of the feeding areas. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-objective-optimization-model-to-plan-city-scale-1pwwxwc7i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-a-large-763rd8bw.png Fig. 14. Representation of the mass balance of a large newwaste water treatment plant with fresh water output quality. C: collection; DL: large existing DWTPs; DS: small existing DWTPs; ILfs: large industrial consumers with fresh water consumption and sewage discharge; ILfn: large industrial consumers with fresh water consumption and natural water course discharge; S: sink.X https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-pareto-curve-obtained-for-the-multi-objective-problem-1r7batuj.png Fig. 21. Pareto curve obtained for the multi-objective problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-commercial-and-o97ioijd.png Fig. 3. Representation of the mass balance of commercial and residential consumption. DS: existing small DWTPs with surface water consumption; NS: new small DWTPs; MAs: modified small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; NAs: new small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; D: distribution; C: collection; WS: small existing WWTPs; NAs: new small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; NBs: new small WWTPs with fresh water output quality; NCs: new small WWTPs with irrigation water output quality; NDs: new small WWTPs with discharge water output quality; MAs: modified small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; MBs: modified small WWTPs with fresh water output quality; MCs: modified small WWTPs with irrigation water output quality; S: sink. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-collection-node-33nd44m7.png Fig. 18. Representation of the mass balance of collection node. RC: residential consumption; CC: commercial consumption; EB: industrial effluent treatment plant connected with large industrial consumers; ELds: related to ILds; ELdn: related to ILdn; WL: large existing DWTPs; NAl: new large WWTPs with drinking water output quality; NBl: new large WWTPs with fresh water output quality; NCl: new large WWTPs with irrigation water output quality; NDl: new large WWTPs with discharge water output quality; MAl: modified large WWTPs with drinking water output quality; MBl: modified large WWTPs with fresh water output quality; MCl: modified large WWTPs with irrigation water output quality; S: sink. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-local-industrial-1b2xlgva.png Fig. 4. Representation of the mass balance of local industrial consumption. DS: existing small DWTPs with surface water consumption; NS: new small DWTPs; MAs: modified small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; NAs: new small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; D: distribution; EB: industrial effluent treatment plant connected with by-district industrial consumers; S: sink. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-large-industrial-1f520qxo.png Fig. 5. Representation of the mass balance of large industrial consumption supplied with drinking water and discharging into surface water courses. DS: small existing DWTPs; D: distribution; NS: new small DWTPs; NAs: new small WWTPs with drinking water output quality;MAs: modified small WWTPs with drinking water output quality; ELdn: related to ILdn; S: sink.X https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-large-industrial-g8z433e1.png Fig. 6. Representation of the mass balance of large industrial consumption supplied with fresh water and discharging into sewage system. W: water source; NBl: new big WWTPs with fresh water output quality; NBs: new small WWTPs with fresh water output quality; MBl: modified big WWTPs with fresh water output quality; MBs: modified small WWTPs with fresh water output quality; ELfs: related to.ILfs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-representation-of-the-mass-balance-of-a-large-fpzmxv35.png Fig. 16. Representation of the mass balance of a large newwaste water treatment plant with discharge in natural course. C: collection; KS: natural surface discharge course; S: sink. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-pattern-compensation-method-to-ensure-even-4eyt1wtfe1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-can-be-expressed-as-15o64ysf.png Fig. 8(a) can be expressed as: https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-proxy-approach-to-drought-reconstruction-4u66xxpmhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-vs-reconstructed-relative-humidity-rh-the-1epy1fbm.png Fig. 3: Observed vs. reconstructed relative humidity (RH). The reconstructions are based on different fractionation factors e k for static (32 ‰), laminar (21 ‰), and turbulent (16 ‰) leaf boundary layer conditions. The values are given by Burk and Stuiver (1981). Fig. 3 : Humidité relative (RH) observée et reconstruite. Les reconstructions sont basées sur des facteurs de fractionnement e k pour différents états de la couche limite : statique (32 ‰), laminaire (21 ‰), et turbulent (16 ‰). Les valeurs sont données par Burk et Stuiver (1981). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-drought-index-spei-and-relative-humidity-rh-the-199i9b3u.png Fig. 5: The drought index (SPEI) and relative humidity (RH). The SPEI was reconstructed using tree ring cellulose d18O, and RH was reconstructed using the calculation of leaf water enrichment from cellulose d18O and speleothem fluid inclusion d18O (as an estimate of the source water isotopic composition). Both curves were smoothed using a 30-year spline and transformed to z-scores. Positive values indicate wet conditions, negative values indicate dry conditions. Fig. 5 : L’indice de sécheresse (SPEI) et l’humidité relative (RH). Le SPEI est reconstitué sur la base du d18O de la cellulose des cernes d’arbre, et la RH est reconstituée sur la base du calcul de l’enrichissement de l’eau des feuilles utilisant le d18O de la cellulose et le d18O des inclusions fluides des spéléothèmes. Les deux courbes ont été lissées avec une spline de 30 ans et transformées en z-scores. Les valeurs positives indiquent des conditions humides, les valeurs négatives indiquent des conditions sèches. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multiaxial-stretchable-interconnect-using-liquid-alloy-4hfyk6zcq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-illustration-of-microchannel-deformations-1o0kjpgm.png FIG. 3. Color online Illustration of microchannel deformations by strain for a a straight line and b a 2D diamond shaped. c Schematic view of a half unit cell in a diamond-shaped microchannel before and after stretching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-measured-resistance-variations-r-vs-2w85i8l8.png FIG. 2. Color online a Measured resistance variations R vs strain 100 m channel height for straight lines having three different channel widths 30, 70, and 100 m and a 2D diamond shaped structure 100 m width and b relative resistance variations R /R vs strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-schematic-view-and-b-fabrication-nzeawv7j.png FIG. 1. Color online a Schematic view and b fabrication sequence of a straight-line stretchable interconnect, c optical images of i gold-coated PDMS surface, ii substrate after removal of the gold film from the top surface, and iii microchannel filled with liquid alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-cross-section-of-a-surface-mount-active-zu9dywpe.png FIG. 4. Color online a Cross section of a surface mount active component integrated onto a stretchable interconnect and optical images of an LED b before and c after stretching, d bending, and e twisting the substrate. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multicenter-evaluation-of-blood-purification-with-seraph-p58ls4m7rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-diagram-1ad8e4dr.png Figure 1: CONSORT Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/a-multiscale-approach-for-the-nonlinear-mechanical-response-4uy3bqksdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effective-response-of-3-phases-composite-under-ompvuu3u.png Figure 3: Effective response of 3-phases composite under uniaxial loading: (a) low volume fraction; (b) increasing volume fraction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aspect-ratio-ar-for-the-reinforcements-1rx1p3h9.png Table 3: Aspect ratio AR for the reinforcements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effective-response-of-3-phases-composite-under-2fm6dcoj.png Figure 7: Effective response of 3-phases composite under tension-torsion loading: (a) GNPs/polymer interface 01 ; (b) Glass fibers/polymer interface 02 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-for-the-reinforcements-2vuqnbsz.png Table 1: Material properties for the reinforcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-properties-for-the-polymer-matrix-3mte2b86.png Table 2: Material properties for the polymer matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-damage-and-strain-energy-release-for-a-perfect-pnoammu9.png Figure 5: Damage and strain energy release for a perfect interface under uniaxial loading: (a) Damage parameter; (b) Strain energy release https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-damage-and-strain-energy-release-for-an-imperfect-ffey50xw.png Figure 6: Damage and strain energy release for an imperfect interface under uniaxial loading: (a) Damage parameter; (b) Strain energy release https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-imperfection-on-the-response-of-2-aiirwt66.png Figure 4: Effect of the imperfection on the response of 2-phases and 3-phases composites: (a) 2- phases composite; (b) 3-phases composite. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multimodal-mixture-of-experts-model-for-dynamic-emotion-1dksx63yev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-showing-the-variation-in-scaled-video-1pvlrduq.png Fig. 1: Plot showing the variation in scaled video compressibility and scaled arousal value for a sample movie https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-showing-the-formation-of-25fqszlt.png Fig. 2: Schematic representation showing the formation of Histogram of Face Area (HFA) for a sample video https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-different-models-in-predicting-20a4fkxu.png Table 1: Performance of different models in predicting continuous in time and scale arousal-valence curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-proposed-mixture-of-1z4di21j.png Fig. 3: Schematic representation of Proposed Mixture of Experts (MoE)-based Fusion Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-showing-the-variation-in-rar-and-rvl-with-a-for-28uuxd1g.png Fig. 4: Plots showing the variation in ρar and ρvl with α for the Late Fusion Model https://scispace.com/papers/a-multilevel-monte-carlo-asymptotic-preserving-particle-3h7styfdfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlated-paths-steps-with-e-0-5-t-0-2-and-t-1-1-1peyzye6.png Fig. 3 Correlated paths steps with ε = 0.5, ∆ t` = 0.2 and ∆ t`−1 = 1. Stars mark collisions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-simulation-described-in-section-4-2-1gkeo4o0.png Table 1 Results of the simulation described in Section 4.2 for an error bound E = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-simulation-described-in-section-4-2-7roj2oli.png Table 2 Results of the simulation described in Section 4.2 for an error bound E = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-simulation-described-in-section-4-2-mkjg3ryx.png Table 3 Results of the simulation described in Section 4.2 for an error bound E = 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-and-variance-of-the-squared-particle-position-for-335i2wpl.png Fig. 6 Mean and variance of the squared particle position for ε = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-and-variance-of-the-squared-particle-position-for-1qs5fhru.png Fig. 7 Mean and variance of the squared particle position for ε = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlated-diffusion-steps-with-e-0-5-t-0-2-and-t-1-1-ml2w5o7d.png Fig. 1 Correlated diffusion steps with ε = 0.5, ∆ t` = 0.2 and ∆ t`−1 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-and-variance-of-the-squared-particle-position-for-1jeqnpqx.png Fig. 4 Mean and variance of the squared particle position for ε = 10. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multiscale-variable-grouping-framework-for-mrf-energy-wc16yr30bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-hard-energy-models-the-first-column-1owoudf5.png Table 1. Results for hard energy models. The first column indicates the name of a dataset and number of instances. What follows is a comparison between multiscale and single-scale inference, as well as a comparison to the “Ace” method for each dataset. We report the average energy (value), run-time (time) and the percentage of instances on which the algorithm reported the best energy (best), which sums to more than 100% in case of ties. Enclosed in brackets at the best field is the percentage of instances in which the “Ace” method had provided a certificate of global optimality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-instance-from-the-chinese-character-inpainting-1wwctsym.png Figure 3. An instance from the Chinese Character Inpainting dataset. Left panel: ground truth image. Center: masked image Right panel: result of applying LSA-TR within our framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-on-the-chinese-character-inpainting-1hecmwha.png Table 2. Performance on the Chinese Character Inpainting dataset. Five (ten) V-cycles of multiscale inference with LSA-TR reported the best energy on 40% (53%) of the dataset with outstanding runtimes. Energy and run-times are as reported in [12]. The best value can sum to more than 100% in case of ties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-instances-from-the-scribble-dataset-left-panel-3akmn3ba.png Figure 4. Two instances from the Scribble dataset. Left panel: user-annotated image. Center: segmentation results of singlescale inference using LSA-TR. Right panel: segmentation attained with 1 V-cycle of our algorithm using LSA-TR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-the-scribble-dataset-we-compare-single-7z6lcqk0.png Table 3. Results for the Scribble dataset. We compare single-scale and multiscale inference and report results for a selection of competitive methods that were not incorporated in our framework. On this challenging large-scale dataset, multiscale inference was repeatedly superior to single-scale. QPBO (long) denotes a singlescale, iterative application of QPBO-I; this highlights the advantage of multiscale inference, as even when QPBO-I was run exhaustively it came short compared with multiscale inference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-pic-obj-det-dataset-we-compare-17mndi0g.png Table 4. Results for the pic-obj-det dataset. We compare singlescale and multiscale inference and report results for a selection of competitive methods that were not incorporated in our framework. Multiscale inference reached significantly better energies than single-scale with a slight overhead in run-time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-variable-grouping-with-seed-2o915bsv.png Figure 1. An illustration of variable-grouping, with seed variables denoted by black disks. Note that each seed variable is connected by an edge to each other variable in its group, as required by the interpolation rule. Right panel: the coarse graph, whose vertices correspond to the fine-scale seed vertices, and their coarse unary potentials account for all the internal energy potentials in their group. Edges connect pairs of coarse-vertices according to topology at the fine scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-multilabel-potts-datasets-the-first-r41ceuds.png Table 5. Results for multilabel Potts datasets. The first column indicates the name of a dataset and the number of instances. What follows is a comparison between multiscale and single-scale inference of Lazy-Flipper, as well as a comparison to the “Ace” method for each dataset. We report the average energy (value) and run-time (time), the percentage of instances on which an algorithm reported the best energy (best) and provided a certificate of global optimality (enclosed in brackets). Note that nearly all of the instances are solved to optimality, and that different inference methods perform well on different datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multishift-hessenberg-method-for-pole-assignment-of-single-5blj88w9ml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-different-methods-nm02yyo6.png TABLE I Comparison of Different Methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-values-of-maxi-fi-1vz0eyv0.png TABLE II Values of maxi |fi|. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-values-of-maxi-li-li-3bvhaqek.png TABLE III Values of maxi |λ̄i − λi|. https://scispace.com/papers/a-networked-registration-scheme-for-enhancing-trust-2ib2lxbzab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-registering-among-net-connected-servers-bfurczq3.png Figure 1. Registering among net-connected servers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selling-a-digital-product-through-an-intermediary-5liqh14h.png Figure 4. Selling a digital product through an intermediary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gathering-ip-prior-art-evidence-before-publication-1k0iizs1.png Figure 3. Gathering IP prior-art evidence before publication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-confirmation-of-the-state-of-a-document-3aqeyojq.png Figure 2. Confirmation of the state of a document https://scispace.com/papers/a-neural-network-controller-augmented-to-a-high-performance-3nvi05v79a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vcm-frequency-responses-including-voltage-to-current-2aqplo0g.png Fig. 1. VCM-frequency responses (including voltage-to-current driver); measured:dark; nominal transfer function:light https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fft-and-error-rejection-for-linear-controller-only-2hw5v4xc.png Fig. 4.FFT and error rejection for linear controller only https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fft-and-error-rejection-for-control-with-1-nn-node-110dyorn.png Fig. 5. FFT and error rejection for control with 1 NN-node (NodeNo.:5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fft-and-error-rejection-for-control-with-9-nn-nodes-krf37zsy.png Fig. 8.FFT and error rejection for control with 9 NN-nodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fft-and-error-rejection-for-control-with-3-nn-nodes-13fqkw2k.png Fig. 6. FFT and error rejection for control with 3 NN-nodes (NodeNo.:2,3,5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fft-and-error-rejection-for-control-with-3-nn-nodes-11nn9jrp.png Fig. 7. FFT and error rejection for control with 3 NN-nodes (NodeNo.:1,4,5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nn-node-characteristics-in-dependence-on-the-node-no-g45x8rng.png Table 1.NN-node characteristics in dependence on the node no.i (Ts = 1/33000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-step-response-2um-v-response-is-averaged-includes-1w6bg0cd.png Fig. 3. Step response (2µm/V ) (response is averaged; includes envelope of responses (grey shaded)) (physical units: see upper left of each image) https://scispace.com/papers/a-neural-network-experiment-on-the-simulation-of-daily-1703eamf4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-model-input-candidates-3cdg0fbb.png Table 4 List of model input candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-characteristics-for-the-training-and-ud3r2c0a.png Table 1 Summary of characteristics for the training and testing data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-characteristics-for-each-nitrate-nitrogen-w6gzaksq.png Table 2 Summary of characteristics for each nitrate-nitrogen flux SOFM cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-the-conceptual-soil-reservoir-model-3uq3ljr7.png Fig. 4. Schematic of the conceptual soil reservoir model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-characteristics-for-each-suspended-1l8go6fc.png Table 3 Summary of characteristics for each suspended sediment flux SOFM cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-observed-versus-simulated-suspended-sediment-fluxes-on-gkn8knlt.png Fig. 8. Observed versus simulated suspended sediment fluxes on standard (left panel—for values up to 10,000kg) and logarithmic (right panel) scales with the multi-linear model using Q, F* and Q as inputs. The dashed lines delimit errors smaller than 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-observed-versus-simulated-nitrogen-nitrate-fluxes-on-1hh0j2bw.png Fig. 5. Observed versus simulated nitrogen-nitrate fluxes on standard (left panel) and logarithmic (right panel) scales with the 2-12-1 MLP using Q and SMI80 as inputs. The dashed lines delimit errors smaller than 50%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-of-mlps-with-five-hidden-neurons-in-1we869w7.png Table 5 Performance of MLPs with five hidden neurons in simulating the nitrate-nitrogen fluxes in the testing data set. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-ar-interaction-paradigm-for-collaborative-3hq6d68u82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-augmented-view-for-the-operator-after-picking-by-the-1u7sqgmp.png Fig. 5 ’Augmented’ view for the operator after ’Picking’ by the expert. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-augmented-view-after-outlining-by-the-expert-26kd7hkp.png Fig. 6 ’Augmented’ view after ’Outlining’ by the expert. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-augmented-view-after-an-adding-action-by-the-expert-36mli2pb.png Fig. 7 ’Augmented’ view after an ’Adding’ action by the expert. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prototype-of-the-monocular-orthoscopic-video-30quuqyj.png Fig. 4 Prototype of the Monocular Orthoscopic Video SeeThrough visualization system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-the-human-visual-field-with-a-classical-view-1fch7969.png Fig. 3 Top: the human visual field with a classical view through a monocular HMD on the right eye. Bottom: visual field with an orthoscopic HMD (In red, the HMD’s display limit). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-poa-interaction-based-teleassistance-enabled-through-2aqnwo1l.png Fig. 1 POA interaction-based teleassistance enabled through Real-Time collaborative system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-proposed-architecture-related-to-users-3gozwzmw.png Fig. 2 Overview of the proposed architecture related to user’s environment. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-approach-for-mechanisms-of-ferroelectric-crystalline-1dsny5wmeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-resolved-spectra-of-a-neat-pvdf-b-nanocomposites-kod9qbih.png Fig. 6 Time-resolved spectra of (a) neat PVDF, (b) nanocomposites in the region of 1500–550 cm 1 during isothermal crystallization at 150 1C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-variation-of-the-reduced-intensities-for-the-2bo9zkhz.png Fig. 8 Time variation of the reduced intensities for the characteristic bands in (a) neat PVDF (b) nanocomposites taken at 150 1C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-b-g-ratio-for-nanocomposites-at-various-temperatures-376wc1io.png Fig. 9 b/g ratio for nanocomposites at various temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-three-different-crystal-6r3alfw0.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of three different crystal growth regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-f-kn-vs-1-f-tcdt-of-pvdf-nanocomposites-a-tm-201-1c-2o1lh3yt.png Fig. 11 f (Kn) vs. 1/f TcDT of PVDF nanocomposites (a) Tm = 201 1C used for Tc 4 155 1C and Tm = 230 1C for Tc o 155 1C, (b) Tm = 230 1C for all Tc range, (c) Tm = 201 1C for all Tc rang. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-camera-for-high-resolution-infrared-imaging-of-works-55pdqqfv9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-operating-conditions-used-to-obtain-images-at-stzoll4e.png Table 1. The operating conditions used to obtain images at low, medium and high resolutions and the error at the edge of the field of view for each of these configurations https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-dual-band-high-power-ferrite-circulator-2l40zrbd8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometries-of-e-plane-and-h-plane-junctions-of-3olzzs1p.png Figure 1. Geometries of E-plane and H-plane junctions of waveguide circulators. Dotted line = Electric field intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-radius-of-the-dielectric-resonator-at-different-31i4vt26.png Figure 5. Radius of the dielectric resonator at different frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-s-parameters-of-single-band-e-plane-circulator-24eu1f49.png Figure 6. S-parameters of single-band E-plane circulator. Dimensions: d = 3.5mm, r = 3.38mm, ferrite: TTVG-930 and internal bias: H0 = 10 Oe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematics-of-two-applications-for-lh-rh-dual-band-2vlhfe9e.png Figure 2. Schematics of two applications for LH-RH dual-band Eplane circulator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ferrite-shape-optimization-f-dual-band-frequency-1bmfywu7.png Table 2. Ferrite shape optimization (∆f (dual band frequency deviation), I (Isolation), IL (Insertion Loss), RL (Return Loss), f0 (Center Frequency)) (M means a relative maximum and m means a relative minimum). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ferrite-material-parameters-optimization-f-dual-band-18jz7mfm.png Table 1. Ferrite material parameters optimization (∆f (dual band frequency deviation), I (Isolation), IL (Insertion Loss), RL (Return Loss), f0 (Center Frequency)), (M means a relative maximum and m means a relative minimum). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shape-optimization-of-the-triangular-ferrite-2y9h3ntk.png Figure 7. Shape optimization of the triangular ferrite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-s-parameters-of-dualband-e-plane-circulator-czm2o1ht.png Figure 8. S-parameters of dualband E-plane circulator. Dimensions: d = 3.5mm, r = 3.38mm, ferrite: TTVG-930 and internal bias: H0 = 10 Oe. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-electrical-configuration-for-improving-the-range-of-29kwsskz7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bridged-bipolar-series-polled-bender-175lwa0w.png Figure 6: ‘Bridged Bipolar’ series polled bender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electrical-configurations-a-series-b-parallel-c-3dvwvni7.png Figure 2: Electrical configurations; a) ‘Series’, b) ‘Parallel’, c) ‘Biased Unipolar’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bridged-bipolar-parallel-polled-bender-ta53r9rl.png Figure 5: ‘Bridged Bipolar’ parallel polled bender https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-piezoelectric-bender-performance-dk3an7pc.png Table 2: Piezoelectric bender performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biased-bipolar-symmetric-power-supply-rails-18w7tkuf.png Figure 4: ‘Biased Bipolar’ symmetric power supply rails configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-deflection-and-input-vs-time-9i4vmo6t.png Figure 9: Deflection and input vs time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-piezoelectric-bimorph-bender-2r6u0cck.png Figure 1: Typical piezoelectric bimorph bender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bender-hysteresis-24kk83dq.png Figure 8: Bender hysteresis https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-energy-saving-method-of-manufacturing-ceramic-products-2l0k7rxsth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-property-data-for-ceramic-tiles-made-from-100-13ynaf2z.png Table I - Property Data for Ceramic Tiles made from 100% Recycled Glass https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-commercialization-of-the-new-technology-3fhudbfy.png Table V - Commercialization of the New Technology https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-milestone-table-eni56woh.png Table III - MILESTONE TABLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-property-data-for-ceramic-tiles-made-from-92-ltnv4nvq.png Table II - Property Data for Ceramic Tiles made from > 92% Recycled Glass https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-energy-environmental-and-economic-savings-2iwh6ai6.png Table IV - Energy, Environmental, and Economic Savings https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-kid-in-town-active-inclusion-elements-in-european-8n2bo1urgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conditionality-of-minimum-income-benefits-2012-g7d5gz0t.png Table 4. Conditionality of minimum income benefits, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operationalization-and-calibration-22bptnxc.png Table 2. Operationalization and calibration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logically-possible-combinations-of-the-four-active-3jb2g18d.png Table 1. Logically possible combinations of the four active inclusion aspects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-child-care-costs-of-a-lone-parent-with-a-2-year-old-37vcdbnb.png Figure 2. Child care costs of a lone parent with a 2-year old child, working full-time at minimum wage, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-of-countries-frllkjv0.png Figure 3. Classification of countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-set-membership-scores-1emcbrm6.png Table 3. Set membership scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-net-disposable-income-of-four-model-30jmcwuk.png Figure 1. Average net disposable income of four model families depending on social assistance and minimum wage, relative to median equivalent household income, 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-information-theory-based-serendipitous-algorithm-2aydjvyqd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-questionnaire-result-1mqob31v.png Fig. 6. Questionnaire result https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-the-proposed-algorithm-a-target-user-mmwspzan.png Fig. 1. An example of the proposed algorithm: (a) target user Ann’s personal library; (b) user a1’s personal library generated by Ann; (c) user d1’s personal library generated by a1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-of-the-proposed-algorithm-1na5l6pm.png Fig. 4. A comparison of the proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-provided-information-a-designed-algorithm-b-35hqwk1a.png Fig. 5. Provided information: (a) designed algorithm; (b) information from the nature website https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-of-the-study-and-the-embedded-proposed-p17m8mkk.png Fig. 3. Process of the study and the embedded proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-stages-of-the-designed-sketch-application-a-321o6lqp.png Fig. 2. Different stages of the designed sketch application: (a) Memorised picture; (b) Participant’s sketching; (c) Retrieving; (d) Sketching result and game score; (e) provided picture information https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-ex-ante-efficiency-criterion-and-implications-for-the-3sak11gyzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-assignment-p-which-is-sd-envy-free-at-r-sw-1pnp9njx.png Fig. 2. The assignment π , which is sd-envy-free at R, sw-dominates PS(R) at R, since Sp(π) Sp(πps(R)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-extended-support-of-p-is-extsp-p-r-1-a-1-b-2-a-2-b-jhad9whe.png Fig. 1. The extended support of π is ExtSp(π,R)= {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b), (2, c), (3, a), (3, c)}. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-method-to-concentrate-equine-sperm-1fuvk0ee34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-sd-values-for-total-motility-tm-progressive-2uwxu37b.png Table 1 Mean± SD values for total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL) and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) of sperm in equine semen subjected to filtration using different filters (A) and (B), no filtration (control, C), or centrifugation (D) either before (experiment 1) or after (experiment 2) cooling for 24h at 15 ◦C. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-method-for-moving-average-parameter-estimation-fs0yuq98o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-estimated-amse-of-bm-nmt-and-nmnt-versus-n-1m4rfnn0.png Fig. 1. The estimated AMSE of BM, NMT and NMnT versus N . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-theoretical-spectrum-along-with-the-mean-and-the-33hx2geo.png Fig. 2. The theoretical spectrum along with the mean, and the mean ±1 standard deviation curves for the spectra estimated via BM and NMnT (N = 1000). https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-method-for-start-up-of-isolated-boost-converters-using-3y2jkwp0sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-parallel-primary-1600w-prototype-achieving-a-power-3dpljpp2.png Fig. 15. Parallel primary 1600W prototype, achieving a power density of 51 W/inch3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-parallel-primary-1600w-prototype-underside-without-3py5flch.png Fig. 16. Parallel primary 1600W prototype underside without heat sink. DirectFet IRF7759L2T MOSFETs are visible on the left, the ELP64 core in the middle, and C3D10060G SiC diodes including the flyback diode Df on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-efficiency-measurements-of-1600w-isolated-boost-2ddstthn.png Fig. 14. Efficiency measurements of 1600W isolated boost prototype, showing efficiency as a function of output power, with Vout = 400V . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-efficiency-measurements-of-800w-isolated-boost-15dolfvg.png Fig. 13. Efficiency measurements of 800W isolated boost prototype, showing efficiency as a function of output power, with Vout = 200V . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boost-mode-charging-subinterval-all-switches-are-on-twhjq3i9.png Fig. 4. Boost mode, charging subinterval. All switches are on, inductor current is increasing. Core diagram shows that inductor flux rate is decoupled from transformer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-boost-mode-discharge-subinterval-two-diagonal-switches-s7632d0w.png Fig. 5. Boost mode, discharge subinterval. Two diagonal switches are on, inductor current is decreased by transferring energy through the transformer. It is noted that Df is reverse biased.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-start-up-mode-charging-subinterval-two-diagonal-3gswk11j.png Fig. 6. Start-up mode, charging subinterval. Two diagonal switches are on, charging the inductor while also transferring energy through the transformer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-start-up-mode-flyback-discharge-subinterval-all-2c5ir2u2.png Fig. 7. Start-up mode, flyback discharge subinterval. All switches are turned off. The drop in inductor current causes a reverse in the associated flux rate, which couples to the secondary transformer windings. From the polarity of the induced voltages, it is evident that this allows Df to be forward biased, such that the energy stored in the air gap can be discharged to the converter output. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-optimization-model-and-a-customized-solution-method-1fml7shmfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-platform-with-regulator-38loamb2.png Figure 3: Platform with regulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-gas-networks-hwzyzl9i.png Figure 6: Example gas networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-well-pipeline-with-regulator-3b49lbv1.png Figure 2: Well pipeline with regulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pipeline-with-regulator-1phjisqc.png Figure 4: Pipeline with regulator https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sizes-of-subproblems-in-multi-loop-ngbd-for-1jyeapvo.png Table 5: Sizes of subproblems in multi-loop NGBD for Formulation (IV)† https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-superstructure-of-sarawak-gas-production-system-m62i4qhd.png Figure 1: The superstructure of Sarawak Gas Production System (SGPS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-superstructure-of-sgps-for-the-case-study-2ex9ize4.png Figure 10: The superstructure of SGPS for the case study https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computational-results-for-formulation-iv-with-9-o7wwn05e.png Table 6: Computational results for Formulation(IV) with 9 scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-practical-synthesis-of-3-amino-substituted-5-382l6qew2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-3-amino-substituted-5-aminopyrazoles-3-3i9ntz21.png Table 2. Synthesis of 3-amino-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles (3) from 3,5-diaminopyrazole-4carboxylates (5)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-bioactive-35-diaminopyrazoles-1h37wz8g.png Figure 1. Selected bioactive 3,5-diaminopyrazoles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-supramolecular-association-in-the-crystal-of-3i-a-2oex1y20.png Figure 5. Supramolecular association in the crystal of 3i: a view of the supramolecular layer parallel to (1 1 0). The N‒H…N hydrogen bonding and N‒H…π(pyrazole) interactions (see ESI Fig. S3 and Table S2†) are shown as orange and blue dashed lines, respectively. Only acidic hydrogen atoms and ipso-carbon atoms of the phenyl groups are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-and-b-the-molecular-structures-of-the-first-and-co785d5n.png Figure 2. (a) and (b) The molecular structures of the first and second independent molecules comprising the asymmetric unit of 3g, respectively, showing atom labelling scheme and 70% anisotropic displacement parameters, and (c) an overlay diagram of the two independent molecules: red image, the molecule shown in (a) and green image, molecule in (b). The molecules are overlapped so that the pyrazole rings are coincident. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-supramolecular-association-in-the-crystal-of-3g-a-n-2fk14imn.png Figure 4. Supramolecular association in the crystal of 3g: (a) N‒H…N hydrogen bonding (see ESI Fig. S2 and Table S1†) leading to a supramolecular chain aligned along the b-axis, (b) detail of the amine-N3a‒H…π(phenyl) interaction, (c) a side-on view of the supramolecular layer parallel to (1 0 1) and (d) a plan view of the layer (amine-N3a‒H…π(phenyl) interactions are not shown). Please refer to the text for an explanation of “i”-“vii” in (a)-(c). In all https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-molecular-structure-of-the-first-independent-10tr55qb.png Figure 3. (a) The molecular structure of the first independent molecule of 3i showing atom labelling scheme and 70% anisotropic displacement parameters and (b) an overlay diagram of the four independent molecules comprising the asymmetric unit of 3i: red image, the molecule shown in (c), green image, molecule “a”, blue, molecule “b” and pink, molecule “c”. The molecules in are overlapped so that the pyrazole rings are coincident. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-conditions-for-the-synthesis-of-5-amino-3tjbibhg.png Table 1. Optimization conditions for the synthesis of 5-amino-3-phenylaminopyrazole (3a)a https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-piezoelectric-fatigue-testing-machine-in-pure-torsion-34qrz7v5gz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-fatigue-test-results-in-torsion-r-1-at-20-125hnuns.png Fig. 6 Experimental fatigue test results in torsion (R= 1) at 20 kHz on smooth specimens in forged and extruded VT3-1 titanium alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-new-ultrasonic-torsion-testing-system-b-zoom-on-3qmpl2fu.png Fig. 3 a) The new ultrasonic torsion testing system; b) zoom on the transducer, the horn and the specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-microstructure-of-a-forged-vt3-1-and-b-extruded-vt3-1-1if2sweg.png Fig. 4 Microstructure of (a) forged VT3-1 and (b) extruded VT3-1 titanium alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-internal-crack-initiation-and-branching-of-torsion-23kv2l2w.png Fig. 10 Internal crack initiation and branching of torsion cracks, a and b) on the same forged specimen in VT3-1 titanium alloy under Δτ/ 2 = 224MPa, Nf = 1.13 × 108 cycles, and c) and d) on the same extruded specimen in VT3-1 titanium alloy under Δτ/2 = 276MPa, Nf = 1.67 × 109 cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fracture-surfaces-of-a-extruded-vt3-1-after-nf-1-84-x-3ukgq8gh.png Fig. 9 Fracture surfaces of (a) extruded VT3-1 after Nf = 1.84 × 10 8 cycles under Δτ/2 = 258MPa and (b) forged VT3-1 after Nf = 1.13 × 10 8 cycles under Δτ/2 = 224MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-geometry-of-the-specimen-in-vt3-1-titanium-alloy-for-2fhk6kg6.png Fig. 5 Geometry of the specimen in VT3-1 titanium alloy for torsion fatigue test at 20 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-torsion-testing-machine-with-an-axial-piezoelectric-48xtp4rr.png Fig. 1 a) Torsion testing machine with an axial piezoelectric converter;14 b) scheme of the connection between the two perpendicular horns showing the pin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-x-type-crack-after-nf-1-92-x-10-8-cycles-under-shear-367vb1yz.png Fig. 8 (a) X-type crack after Nf = 1.92 × 10 8 cycles under shear stress amplitude Δτ/2 = 212MPa and (b) single torsion cracks after Nf = 1.84 × 10 8 cycles under Δτ/2 = 258MPa in VT3-1 titanium alloy (R = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-scaling-relation-for-hii-regions-in-spiral-galaxies-3k5z4ej5dp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-ew-ha-and-surface-mass-density-i-e-1xgzdpml.png Figure 3. Relation between |EW(Hα)| and surface mass density, i.e., a projection of the local M–Z–EW(Hα) relation. Contours and symbols as in Figure 1. The red line is a polynomial fit to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-representation-of-the-local-m-z-ew-ha-relation-3ppn3jl4.png Figure 2. 3D representation of the local M–Z–EW(Hα) relation. The size and color scaling of the data points are linked to the value of logΣLum (i.e., low-blue to high-red values). The projection of the data over any pair of axes reduces to the local M–Z, M–EW(Hα), and metallicity–EW(Hα) relations. An online 3D animated version is available at http://tinyurl.com/local-MZ-relation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-the-relation-between-surface-mass-drpsw6ta.png Figure 1. Left panel: the relation between surface mass density and gas-phase oxygen metallicity for ∼2000 H ii regions in nearby galaxies, the local M–Z relation. The first contour stands for the mean density value, with a regular spacing of four times this value for each consecutive contour. The blue circles represent the mean (plus 1σ error bars) in bins of 0.15 dex. The red dasheddotted line is a polynomial fit to the data. The blue lines correspond to the T04 relation (±0.2 dex) scaled to the relevant units. Typical errors for ΣLum and metallicity are represented. Right panel: distribution of H ii regions along the local M–Z relation for three galaxies of the sample at different redshifts. The size of the symbols are linked to the value of |EW(Hα)|, being inversely proportional to ΣLum and metallicity as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-simulated-galaxies-in-the-m-z-plane-2q6whq09.png Figure 4. Distribution of simulated galaxies in the M–Z plane assuming a local M–Z relation and considering the aperture effect of the SDSS fiber, as explained in the text. The contours correspond to the density of points, while the circles represent the mean value (plus 1σ error bars) in bins of 0.15 dex. The black line stands for the T04 fitting, while the blue lines correspond to the K08 ±0.2 dex relation. The rectangle encompasses the range in mass and metallicity of the galaxy sample of this work. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-sure-approach-to-image-denoising-interscale-1gb05vp10m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soft-thresholding-function-xid81uwf.png Fig. 2. Soft-thresholding function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sensitivity-of-our-denoising-function-14-with-respect-1jue95l2.png Fig. 5. Sensitivity of our denoising function (14) with respect to variations of T . (a) Peppers 256 256. (b) MIT 256 256. (c) Lena 512 512. (d) Boat 512 512. We can notice that for all images and for the whole range of input PSNR the maximum of the PSNR is reached for (T = ) ' 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-our-sum-of-dog-14-with-the-oracle-soft-3k4u9n4t.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF OUR SUM OF DOG (14) WITH THE ORACLE SOFT-THRESHOLD (NONREDUNDANT SYM8, FOUR ITERATIONS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-part-of-the-noise-free-256-256-house-image-b-noisy-1lc9puf8.png Fig. 12. (a) Part of the noise-free 256 256 House image. (b) Noisy version of it: PSNR = 18:59 dB. (c) Denoised result using the BayesShrink: PSNR = 27:57 dB. (d) Denoised result using the BiShrink 7 7: PSNR = 28:19 dB. (e) Denoised result using the BLS-GSM 3 3: PSNR = 28:73 dB. (f) Denoised result using our interscale dependent thresholding function (21): PSNR = 28:96 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-wavelet-denoising-49nf4fcv.png Fig. 1. Principle of wavelet denoising. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-three-stages-of-a-fully-decimated-orthogonal-wavelet-3binckia.png Fig. 6. Three stages of a fully decimated orthogonal wavelet transform and the so-called parent–child relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-one-way-of-obtaining-the-whole-parent-information-out-31oloihg.png Fig. 7. One way of obtaining the whole parent information out of the lowpass subband: (a) 2-D illustration; (b) 1-D filterbank illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-our-interscale-dependent-thresholding-197xf48m.png Fig. 11. Comparison of our interscale dependent thresholding function (21) with the best possible soft-threshold OracleShrink and with our simple univariate denoising function (14). (a) Peppers 256 256. (b) House 256 256. (c) Lena 512 512. (d) Barbara 512 512. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-technique-for-rf-distribution-2v7q7ox2au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-photograph-of-the-various-phase-shifter-parts-1i93nk93.png Figure 4. A photograph of the various phase shifter parts. From left to right, the 500 kW center conductor, outer conductor, G10 container for SF6, 75 kW center conductor and outer conductor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measurements-and-theoretical-predictions-of-1hqudo4b.png Figure 8. Measurements and theoretical predictions of effective permeability µe as a function of Hint . The theoretical prediction is not valid for Mz < Ms, so it is shown as a dotted line. Large error bars on the values of Hint below saturation reflect the fact that Hint is not known well, since Mz is not known. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-vector-modulator-amplitude-modulation-at-25-to-50-1itykt0t.png Figure 12. Vector modulator amplitude modulation at 25 to 50 kW. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-vector-modulator-with-an-rtch-cavity-showing-2o5enm4o.png Figure 13. Vector modulator with an RTCH cavity showing cavity field response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-round-trip-phase-shift-and-attenuation-in-a-36yg3z7y.png Figure 5. Round trip phase shift and attenuation, in a reflection (network analyzer S11) measurement, for both types of phase shifters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sketch-of-the-setup-of-the-dc-measurement-of-b-2se8mwft.png Figure 6. Sketch of the setup of the DC measurement of B(garnet) vs. Hsol . Two pieces of garnet are placed end to end inside of the solenoid. The lower piece of garnet has a slot filed in it, into which the magnetic field probe is inserted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dc-measurement-of-b-garnet-vs-hsol-the-linear-part-kz4a157y.png Figure 7. DC measurement of B(garnet) vs. Hsol . The linear part of the data is fit to a line. The y-intercept of the line is (1− Nz4π )4πMs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-in-phase-shifter-phase-shift-relative-to-1thhspgc.png Figure 11. Variation in phase shifter phase shift, relative to one reference phase shifter. Each curve shows the data for one of 28 shifters. The phase is recorded and the current is swept from 0 to the maximum in a period of 28 ms. Network analyzer phase measurements are made at nine times during this sweep, corresponding to the points on the x axis. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-thermodynamically-consistent-continuum-model-for-5amgqw4vu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-experimental-and-numerical-value-of-2fozyybv.png Table 1 Comparison of experimental and numerical value of the peak stress and elastic strain for confined compressive tests on concrete, c 70; n 2; n2 3:5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-limit-surface-of-function-53-e0-100-r0-1-n-1-5-1tjohkxu.png Fig. 5. Limit surface of function (53) E0 100, r0 1, n 1:5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-uniaxial-processes-for-n-1-2-c-50-e-100-mises-2xpyqcvj.png Fig. 10. Uniaxial processes for n 1, 2, c 50, E 100. Mises criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-slit-problem-geometry-and-load-condition-1x6q677c.png Fig. 24. Slit problem. Geometry and load condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uniaxial-domain-c-and-k-for-eqs-34-and-45-22vcoycs.png Fig. 4. Uniaxial domain C and K for Eqs. (34) and (45). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-elastic-potential-dee-xeth-and-its-level-sets-in-an-dxnfm89d.png Fig. 1. Elastic potential /ðee;xeÞ and its level sets in an uniaxial case n 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-triaxial-compressive-stress-strain-curve-3esi9ezb.png Fig. 20. Triaxial compressive stress strain curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complementary-energy-functional-in-an-uniaxial-stress-b40x9208.png Fig. 3. Complementary energy functional in an uniaxial stress state, n 2. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-value-weighted-total-return-index-for-the-finnish-51igrov8jz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-value-weighted-total-return-and-price-2pwi1jdr.png Figure 8. Comparison of value-weighted total return and price indices against the Unitas price index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-value-weighted-equally-weighted-and-1eo2mvc8.png Figure 6. Comparison of value-weighted, equally weighted, and book equity weighted all-share total return indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-monthly-number-of-listed-stock-series-in-the-hse-pv68veal.png Figure 4. Monthly number of listed stock series in the HSE from October 1912 to March 1970 https://scispace.com/papers/a-no-arbitrage-analysis-of-economic-determinants-of-the-56lc7jueub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-term-structure-of-credit-spreads-on-corporate-bonds-1rtufumx.png Figure 4. Term structure of credit spreads on corporate bonds. Lines denote the term structure of corporate credit spreads at different times. Each panel is for onecredit rating group. Each line is for one month from January 1988 to June 2004, obtained from the Federal R serve Board and Merrill Lynch. The bold line in each panel represents the mean term structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-of-credit-spreads-on-corporate-bonds-1250fzez.png Figure 3. Time series of credit spreads on corporate bonds. Lines denote the time series of credit spreads. Each panel is for one credit rating group. The ten lines in each panel denote ten maturities from one to ten years. Data are monthly from January 1988 to June 2004,obtained from the Federal Reserve Board and Merrill Lynch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-and-term-structure-of-treasury-yields-3a411cfx.png Figure 2. Time series and term structure of Treasury yields. Lines in the left panel plot the time series of Treasury yields at different maturities from three months to ten years. Lines in the right panel plot the term structure in each month, with the bold solid line denoting the mean term structure. Data are from the Federal Reserve Board. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-series-of-credit-spreads-across-industry-a8e3s6if.png Figure 7. Time series of credit spreads across industry sectors and credit rating classes. Lines denote the time series of credit spreads. Each panel is for one credit rating class and industry sector. The ten lines in each panel denote ten maturities from one to ten years. Data are monthly from January 1988 to June 2004, obtained from the Federal Reserve Board and Merrill Lynch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contemporaneous-response-of-the-term-structure-of-25737hby.png Figure 6. Contemporaneous response of the term structure of credit spreads to unit shocks on the dynamic economic factors. Lines denote the contemporaneous response of the term structure of credit spreads at different credit rating classes to unit shocks on thethre economic factors. Each panel denotes one credit rating group. In each panel, the solid line denotes the impact of the inflation factor, the dashed line denotes the impact of the real output growth factor, and thedas -dotted line denotes the impact of the financial market volatility factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contemporaneous-response-of-the-term-structure-of-175mdg0u.png Figure 8. Contemporaneous response of the term structure of credit spreads to unit shocks on the economic factors. Lines denote the contemporaneous response of the term structure of credit sp ads at different credit rating classes to unit shocks on the three macroeconmic and financial factors. Each panel denotes one credit rating group and industry sector. In each panel, the solid line denotes the impact of the inflation factor, the dashed line denotes the impact of the real output growth factor, and the dash-dotted line denotes the impact of the financial market volatility factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-dynamics-of-economic-factors-the-solid-2q2dki8s.png Figure 1. Time series dynamics of economic factors. The solid line denotes the time series of the extracted inflation factor, the dashed line denotes the time series of the extract d eal output growth factor, and the dash-dotted line denotes the financial market volatility factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-treasury-yield-curve-and-factor-loadings-the-1zvg14m6.png Figure 5. Mean treasury yield curve and factor loadings. The left panel plotsa(τ)/τ, which determines the mean spot rate curve for the Treasury bond. Lines in the right panel lot the three elements of b(τ)/τ, which measure the contemporaneous response of Treasury spot rates to unit shocks on the three macroeconomic and financial factors. https://scispace.com/papers/a-newton-method-for-shape-preserving-spline-interpolation-27bp7znlux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-results-with-algorithm-3-2-2e5jgom3.png Table 1 Numerical results with Algorithm 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-4-4-3tv07dom.png Fig. 4. Example 4.4. https://scispace.com/papers/a-non-uniform-multi-wideband-ofdm-system-for-terahertz-joint-3c2zifi9id 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-nmw-ofdm-system-for-thz-1b75k3lo.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed NMW-OFDM system for THz JCS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rmse-versus-snr-for-range-estimation-using-4-qam-and-w0p65y6z.png Fig. 4. RMSE versus SNR for range estimation using 4-QAM and 16-QAM with the reference target distance of 10 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rmse-versus-snr-for-velocity-estimation-in-the-ofdm-1bhkbem9.png Fig. 5. RMSE versus SNR for velocity estimation in the OFDM and NMW-OFDM systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rmse-versus-snr-for-range-estimation-in-the-ofdm-mw-2kjd5fwv.png Fig. 3. RMSE versus SNR for range estimation in the OFDM, MW-OFDM and NMW-OFDM systems with the reference target distance of 60 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-achievable-rate-versus-snr-in-the-ofdm-and-nmw-ofdm-3dn88rml.png Fig. 6. Achievable rate versus SNR in the OFDM and NMW-OFDM systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-block-diagram-of-the-multi-stage-sensing-algorithm-2gsq5x41.png Fig. 2. The block diagram of the multi-stage sensing algorithm in the NMWOFDM System. https://scispace.com/papers/a-non-vacuum-process-for-preparing-nanocrystalline-cuin1-1ohb6ivu7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overlaid-raman-spectra-a1-phonon-region-of-post-2vezx0uo.png Figure 4. Overlaid Raman spectra (A1 phonon region) of post-annealed (left-to-right) CIS, CIGS-1, CIGS-2, CIGS-3, and CGS samples. Inset is a plot of A1 phonon frequency as a function of Ga/(Ga+In) ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-raman-spectra-of-solvothermally-prepared-cgs-after-3fai1est.png Figure 5. Raman spectra of solvothermally prepared CGS after annealing for 20 min at 200, 300, 400, and 500 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overlaid-xrd-patterns-d-1-1-2-region-of-post-1p7od5rj.png Figure 3. Overlaid XRD patterns (d(1 1 2) region) of post-annealed (left-to-right) CIS, CIGS-1, CIGS-2, CIGS-3, and CGS samples. Inset is a plot of (1 1 2) plane spacing as a function of Ga/(Ga+In) ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-post-annealed-a-cuin0-75ga0-25se2-t034sgsb.png Figure 1. SEM images of post-annealed (a) CuIn0.75Ga0.25Se2 (CIGS-1 sample) and (b) CuGaSe2 (CGS sample). The white bar lengths equal (a) 300 and (b) 1000 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-patterns-for-cis-cigs-1-cigs-2-cigs-3-and-cgs-efjw1r44.png Figure 2. XRD patterns for CIS, CIGS-1, CIGS-2, CIGS-3, and CGS nanocrystalline samples. Intensity signals are offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/a-noniterative-design-procedure-for-supplemental-brace-3srtn9ftbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-floor-response-of-the-structure-with-brace-damper-gof7rnv6.png Figure 4: Floor response of the structure with brace–damper system. (a) ODS and OBS criteria; (b) Comparison against structure with no damper but inherent structural damping ratio of 25%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-outputs-and-performance-indices-for-each-p5cilp8p.png Table 1: Design outputs and performance indices for each sizing criteria. EQ1: Northridge (NGA–1048). EQ2: Imperial Valley (NGA–173) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-dynamic-response-of-the-sdof-structure-with-and-3n1hrbfr.png Figure 3: (a) Dynamic response of the SDOF structure with and without the brace–damper system and (b) comparison among different design approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-structure-with-an-added-brace-damper-system-b-1ee612zx.png Figure 1: a) Structure with an added brace–damper system. b) Maxwell model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-added-damping-ratio-map-for-a-structure-with-x-5-13wzlejv.png Figure 2: Added damping ratio map for a structure with ξ = 5%. https://scispace.com/papers/a-nonlinear-optimal-control-design-using-narrowband-307mge98xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-quasi-static-hysteresis-measurements-for-a-0-5-hz-324rh1jx.png Figure 3: (a) Quasi-static hysteresis measurements for a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal current input. (b) An FFT plot of the output displacement for a 100 Hz input current which illustrates the presence of higher harmonic disturbances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nonlinear-open-loop-tracking-control-performance-in-2op4o3yf.png Figure 5: Nonlinear open loop tracking control performance in the presence of model uncertainty; (a) tracking performance in the time domain and (b) tracking performance and error in the frequency domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-tracking-error-in-the-frequency-domain-for-the-3tsk8t6l.png Figure 12: Tracking error in the frequency domain for the narrowband feedback control without nonlinear optimal control. (a) 150 µm reference displacement and (b) 450 µm reference displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tracking-error-in-the-frequency-domain-for-the-1xzo040y.png Figure 13: Tracking error in the frequency domain for the hybrid nonlinear optimal control design with narrowband perturbation feedback. (a) the 150 µm reference displacement and (b) 450 µm reference displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-open-loop-response-of-a-terfenol-d-actuator-3ae7yzja.png Figure 1: Typical open loop response of a Terfenol-D actuator operating in the nonlinear and hysteretic regime. A sinusoidal voltage input is applied to a wound wire solenoid surrounding a magnetostrictive Terfenol-D rod. This results in a distorted output displacement due to ferromagnetic domain structure evolution and magnetostriction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nonlinear-open-loop-simulations-assuming-ideal-1y30ygb0.png Figure 4: Nonlinear open loop simulations assuming ideal model parameters in the (a) time domain and (b) phase space show the homogenized energy model prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-block-diagram-of-the-experimental-set-up-used-for-2t74sx5r.png Figure 8: Block diagram of the experimental set-up used for control experiments and post experiment analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-function-penalty-values-used-in-the-narrowband-1a2i5r1q.png Table 4: Cost function penalty values used in the narrowband filter design which were used in the simulations. Up to seven harmonics relative to the input tracking signal at 100 Hz were used. https://scispace.com/papers/a-note-on-k-colorability-of-p5-free-graphs-5eyvdjg3fa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-algorithm-to-remove-dependencies-between-two-g1wm4vt2.png Figure 3:Algorithm to remove dependencies between two dynamic setsP ′ andQ (with no special componentC) by creating an equivalent set of coloring instances with the dependences removed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-for-proof-of-theorem-2-xcish74h.png Figure 2:Illustration for proof of Theorem 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-known-complexities-fork-colorability-ofpt-free-12j89hc9.png Table 1:Known complexities fork-colorability ofPt-free graphs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fixed-sets-in-ap5-free-graph-with-a-109xlyjo.png Figure 1:The fixed sets in aP5-free graph with a dominatingK3 wherek = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/a-note-on-the-damped-vibrating-systems-4aeokb9w02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-system-of-example-1tigql86.png Figure 1: The system of example https://scispace.com/papers/a-note-on-the-use-of-central-schemes-for-incompressible-2zkh2wy95y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-evolution-of-enstrophy-for-both-schemes-re-n6npmjo4.png Fig. 4. Temporal evolution of enstrophy for both schemes, Re = 90000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temporal-evolution-of-enstrophy-for-both-schemes-re-1iitj5jx.png Fig. 3. Temporal evolution of enstrophy for both schemes, Re = 90000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-gauss-vortices-with-re-90000-at-time-t-10-using-pm-1ncudulj.png Fig. 2. Two Gauss-vortices with Re = 90000 at time t = 10, using PM II-scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-gauss-vortices-with-re-90000-at-time-t-10-using-2dpvj329.png Fig. 1. Two Gauss-vortices with Re = 90000 at time t = 10, using vorticity-stream function (VS)-scheme https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-antiviral-lncrna-edal-shields-a-t309-o-glcnacylation-2j17p1dlai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-edal-promotes-ezh2-degradation-via-impeding-the-2t89hnvn.png Figure 6. EDAL promotes EZH2 degradation via impeding the 1420 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-edal-restricts-viral-replication-by-up-regulation-2zmfn9rs.png Figure 7. EDAL restricts viral replication by up-regulation of Pcp4l1. 1467 A．N2a cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA-EDAL for 12 h and 1468 then infected with RABV at MOI 1 for 48 h. Total RNA was isolated and 1469 subjected to RNA-seq analysis (n=2; 2 fold change (FC) and 0.01 p-value). 1470 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-edal-down-regulates-h3k27me3-level-by-causing-the-1dq0i4zr.png Figure 4. EDAL down-regulates H3K27me3 level by causing the 1360 degradation of EZH2. 1361 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-edal-inhibits-viral-replication-in-neuronal-cells-21rscxid.png Figure 2. EDAL inhibits viral replication in neuronal cells. 1297 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lncrna-edal-is-up-regulated-after-viral-infection-3k6skkuj.png Figure 1. LncRNA EDAL is up-regulated after viral infection. 1237 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-56-nt-portion-of-edal-in-5-end-carries-the-wyp9l7vt.png Figure 5. The 56-nt portion of EDAL in 5’ end carries the antiviral 1386 function. 1387 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-edal-attenuates-rabv-pathogenicity-in-vivo-1345-k8h75t8d.png Figure 3. EDAL attenuates RABV pathogenicity in vivo. 1345 https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-approach-for-the-preparation-of-nanosized-gd2o3-5275khbdbl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-xrd-patterns-of-ball-milled-gd2o3-particles-under-1d8gq3j4.png Figure 5.3. XRD patterns of ball milled Gd2O3 particles under the effect of surfactants modified SDS, modified CTAB and unmodified milled, and commercial or premilled Gd2O3 (99.99%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-schematic-illustration-explaining-the-possible-7nm5tyd5.png Figure 5.6. Schematic illustration explaining the possible formation mechanism of dried ball milled Gd2O3 particles under the effect of surfactants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-size-distribution-by-frequency-in-volume-of-2m1ijv8v.png Figure 5.2. Size distribution by frequency in volume (%) of unmodified and modified Gd2O3 suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-the-relationship-between-yield-stress-and-ph-1mwywuoe.png Figure 5.5. The relationship between yield stress and pH value of Gd2O3 suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-sem-images-of-a-premilled-gd2o3-b-ball-milled-2aszz7rf.png Figure 5.1. SEM images of: (A) premilled Gd2O3, (B) ball-milled unmodified Gd2O3, and (C) and (D) the ball-milled modified Gd2O3 under the effect of CTAB and SDS surfactants respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-delay-bounded-traffic-conditioner-for-optical-edge-52xeyvg81v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-on-line-algorithm-for-hull-update-upon-packet-arrival-1rvsz2g3.png Fig. 3. On-line algorithm for hull update upon packet arrival https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-burstinessb-s-vs-time-scalelog2-s-for-lrd-traffic-34utn45v.png Fig. 10. Burstinessβ(s) vs. time-scalelog2(s) for LRD traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-traffic-conditioner-structure-39ahu5x1.png Fig. 1. Traffic conditioner structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-burstinessb-s-vs-time-scalelog2-s-for-poisson-traffic-3agksdec.png Fig. 8. Burstinessβ(s) vs. time-scalelog2(s) for Poisson traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-generic-core-switch-architecture-3tfra41o.png Fig. 6. Generic core switch architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-topology-1ee0z4o4.png Fig. 7. Simulation topology https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-diode-clamped-modular-multilevel-converter-with-4oh2p1s619 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-experimental-results-of-capacitor-voltages-with-1u8yherj.png Fig. 18. Experimental results of capacitor voltages with discharging resistor employed. (a) RP is connected in SM1. (b) RP is connected in SM6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-voltage-distribution-in-balancing-loop-when-a-1pw91vpw.png Fig. 11. The voltage distribution in balancing loop when: (a) iarm > 0, (b) iarm < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-mmc-and-dcm2c-3evw4zc5.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF MMC AND DCM2C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-experimental-results-of-capacitor-voltages-in-phase-a-1zx9ftcq.png Fig. 14. Experimental results of capacitor voltages in phase a. (a) Upper arm, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-three-phase-dcm2c-prototype-3svlkawv.png Fig. 12. Three-phase DCM2C prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-using-relays-to-enable-or-disable-the-balancing-2iwaddz7.png Fig. 13. Using relays to enable or disable the balancing-branches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-of-the-prototype-230r1fpw.png TABLE III PARAMETERS OF THE PROTOTYPE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generalized-multilevel-converter-one-phase-leg-five-2l9qt843.png Fig. 1. Generalized multilevel converter (one phase leg, five-level). https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-lipid-polymer-system-with-unique-properties-has-hbwen6e3qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-semi-log-plot-of-normalized-scattering-intensity-30wqhdrs.png Figure 7. Semi-log plot of normalized scattering intensity versus radius of hydration, Rh. The solid line represents the model of a spherical particle, the dashed line represents the model of a disk, the dotted line represents the model of a rod. The dotted-square line represents the DLS data. The DLS data fit the curve for the sphere indicating the shape of the DMPC / C8E5 aggregates are spherical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rh-versus-theoretical-q-increasing-theoretical-q-3kcrexvu.png Figure 6. Rh versus theoretical q. Increasing theoretical q corresponds to an increase in the hydrodynamic radius of the particle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-meff-versus-d2o-concentration-approximately-18-4-1gualgbs.png Figure 2. Meff versus D2O concentration. Approximately 18.4% D2O is required to density match DMPC-C8E5 lipid-detergent aggregates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-matching-using-three-biocompatible-density-2kq7i306.png Figure 3. Density matching using three biocompatible density modifiers: A) D2O B) glycerol C) sucrose. Approximately 71.7% (v/v) D2O, 23.5 % (v/v) glycerol and 0.418 M sucrose is required to density match DMPC-DHPC bicelles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-31p-phosphorus-nmr-spectra-of-c8e5-blue-and-dmpc-2y5bc4ha.png Figure 4. 31P-phosphorus NMR spectra of C8E5 (blue) and DMPC (red). The chemical shift of DHPC is 35.1 ppm and the chemical shift of DMPC appears at 42.0 ppm for DMPC in DMPC / DHPC bicelles and 42.5 ppm in DMPC / C8E5 bicelles. Panel A is the sample analyzed at 25 ⁰C and Panel B is the sample analyzed at 37 ⁰C. Note: Data was also collected at 31 ⁰C showing chemical shifts similar to 37 ⁰C. (spectrum not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measurements-of-viscosity-and-hydrodynamic-radius-in-1aprfyjs.png Table I. Measurements of viscosity and hydrodynamic radius in relation to increasing lipid concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rh-versus-total-lipid-w-w-particle-size-decreases-d3tczycc.png Figure 5. Rh versus % total lipid (w/w). Particle size decreases as total lipid concentration increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-a-bicelle-containing-dmpc-3ku3xw37.png Figure 1. A) Schematic diagram of a bicelle containing DMPC and DHPC. Samples were prepared replacing DHPC with C8E5 predicted to replace DHPC at the rim of bicelle. B) Dodecyl-β -D-maltoside (DDM) lipid with dense maltose sugar headgroup; glucose = 0.622 cm3 / g, 12-carbon chain = 0.990 cm3 / g. DDM has been used in mixed micelle systems to study the human adenosine A2A receptor expressed and isolated from S. cerevisiae. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-logic-based-approach-for-quantitative-toxicology-266y27qnhu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-representation-of-logic-rules-in-table-2-b00jiu9h.png Figure 4. Graphical representation of logic rules in Table 2: (a) positives (more toxic molecules) and (b) negatives (less toxic molecules). The arrows show the hydrophobic features https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-fragments-used-in-this-study-to-construct-3njz18dd.png Table 1. Chemical Fragments Used in This Study to Construct the Logic Rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-support-vector-inductive-logic-programming-svilp-bk4s1xvy.png Figure 2. Support vector inductive logic programming (SVILP) for a system of n molecules andm learned rules: M1, M2, ..., Mn are the list of molecules; R1, R2, ..., Rm are the logic rules; the initial matrix is binary, “1” when it covers the molecule and “0” otherwise. The whole table is multiplied by ak factor. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-separating-hyperplane-classification-framework-to-52w8kgrza6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-discriminative-abilities-of-two-normal-vectors-12zneylb.png Fig. 11: The discriminative abilities of two normal vectors and the mean discriminative abilities of NSM, NCHM, NCCM and soft NCCM for the Yale face database B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-classification-accuracies-of-svm-nsm-nchm-nccm-1vjkb6c9.png Fig. 10: The classification accuracies of SVM, NSM, NCHM, NCCM and soft NCCM on the face image data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-discriminative-abilities-denoted-by-ws-wch-wcc-and-1dr2utzw.png Fig. 8: The discriminative abilities, denoted by wS , wCH , wCC and wSCC , of the normal vectors of NSM, NCHM, NCCM and soft NCCM, respectively, for the two spectroscopic datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-classification-accuracies-of-svm-nsm-nchm-nccm-and-1r1xcdss.png Fig. 7: The classification accuracies of SVM, NSM, NCHM, NCCM and soft NCCM on the two spectroscopic datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-face-images-in-the-yale-face-database-b-18g81sz7.png Fig. 9: Example face images in the Yale face database B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustrative-examples-of-a-theorem-iii-2-of-nsm-b-310wmo2x.png Fig. 3: Illustrative examples of (a) Theorem III.2 of NSM, (b) Theorem III.3 of NCHM and (c) Theorem III.4 of NCCM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-spectroscopic-datasets-3kfh0sc6.png Fig. 6: The spectroscopic datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-separating-hyperplane-classification-framework-km018q7c.png Fig. 4: The separating hyperplane classification framework. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-strategy-to-enhance-interfacial-adhesion-in-fiber-3bfshy8v20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystalline-phases-determined-by-x-ray-diffraction-4a904w49.png Figure 2. Crystalline phases determined by X-ray diffraction of a) initial powder α –TCP, b) sample C 7 days after setting, and c) sample TMC 7 days after setting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mechanical-properties-under-bending-of-unreinforced-1imej7np.png Figure 3. Mechanical properties under bending of unreinforced CPCs (C and TMC) and fiberreinforced CPCs (C-8f, TMC-4f, TMC-8f, TMC-12f): a) Typical load/deflection curves, b) Young’s modulus (E), c) bending strength, and d) work of fracture (WOF). Groups indicated with same symbol do not have statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-showing-the-morphology-of-cells-cultured-7pblwpss.png Figure 7. SEM images showing the morphology of cells cultured on C and TMC samples for 7 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-live-dead-images-showing-the-alive-cells-green-and-3qgd5ubg.png Figure 6. Live/dead images showing the alive cells (green) and the dead cells (red) on the C and TMC samples surface at different time points (bar = 100 μm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-number-of-cells-adhered-on-the-samples-surface-at-3qvuosfd.png Figure 5. a) Number of cells adhered on the samples surface at different time points, and b) evolution with time of the pH of the cell culture medium (1 ml) in contact with a cement disc (15 mm diameter x 1.5 mm thickness). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crystalline-phases-as-determined-by-x-ray-3ss9iksj.png Table 3. Crystalline phases as determined by X-ray diffraction, and specific surface area measured by N2 adsorption of the initial powder and set cements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-microstructure-taken-by-fe-sem-of-the-fracture-jh9mlisv.png Figure 4. Microstructure taken by FE-SEM of the fracture surface of unreinforced cements and of FRCPCs set for 7 days: C (a), TMC (b), C-8f (c, e, g) and TMC-8f (d, f, h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ph-of-a-tcp-powder-slurries-200-g-ml-in-milliq-c9e0y9ve.png Figure 1. pH of α-TCP powder slurries (200 g/ml) in MilliQ water or in 1 w/v% TMC solution measured continuously at 37°C. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-supramolecular-organic-inorganic-adduct-containing-a-1xp5w1q0ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-perspective-view-of-i-along-the-a-axis-with-the-o31h8pqe.png Figure 5 Perspective view of (I) along the a axis, with the [PW12O40] 3ÿ anions represented as polyhedra. O O contacts between the hydroxonium H3O+ ions and the benzo-15-crown-5 molecules (Table 2) are represented as green dashed lines. H atoms have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-view-of-the-structure-of-the-pw12o40-3y-anion-in-wsiar1yu.png Figure 1 A view of the structure of the [PW12O40] 3ÿ anion in the title compound, showing the labelling scheme for all atoms. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level in this and the other ®gures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-view-of-the-intermolecular-o-o-contacts-dashed-29ic4iem.png Figure 4 A view of the intermolecular O O contacts (dashed lines) between the O3W hydroxonium ion and the two adjacent benzo-15-crown-5 molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-view-of-the-intermolecular-o-o-contacts-dashed-3o322k03.png Figure 3 A view of the intermolecular O O contacts (dashed lines) between the O2W hydroxonium ion and the two adjacent benzo-15-crown-5 molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-view-of-the-intermolecular-o-o-contacts-dashed-gf3g9lkp.png Figure 2 A view of the intermolecular O O contacts (dashed lines) between the O1W hydroxonium ion and the two adjacent benzo-15-crown-5 molecules. For O O distances, see Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometric-parameters-ae-23h6evmi.png Table 1 Selected geometric parameters (AÊ ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contact-distances-ae-sdexba8c.png Table 2 Contact distances (AÊ ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hydrogen-bonding-geometry-ae-gjczdu3c.png Table 3 Hydrogen-bonding geometry (AÊ , ). https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-approach-for-the-study-of-glass-furnace-1u7aik23af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-wall-temperature-profile-in-the-middle-of-the-period-6zd64m4t.png Fig. 15. Wall temperature profile in the middle of the period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-dimensionless-velocity-profile-as-a-1sv6bmi9.png Fig. 4. Evolution of the dimensionless velocity profile as a function of the distance to the wall when Grz = 8.44 · 1010: comparison between our numerical results and Ref. [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-test-for-a-transparent-medium-2ossbslq.png Table 2 Results of the test for a transparent medium https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-local-heat-transfer-coefficient-along-9sj31awp.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the local heat transfer coefficient along the plate: comparison between our numerical results and Ref. [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dimensions-of-the-enclosure-used-for-testing-the-1krn6gkk.png Fig. 8. Dimensions of the enclosure used for testing the radiative model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-test-for-a-semi-transparent-medium-2jwkzh8z.png Table 3 Results of the test for a semi-transparent medium https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-definition-of-the-variables-used-in-the-radiation-2lzst735.png Fig. 2. Definition of the variables used in the radiation calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-axial-evolution-of-the-dimensionless-heat-transfer-14c4v5c6.png Fig. 7. Axial evolution of the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient: comparison between our numerical results and experimental values from [32]. https://scispace.com/papers/a-null-model-analysis-of-the-spatio-temporal-distribution-of-4wn7w1jfe2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interstructure-analysis-of-the-species-assemblage-3l1cvbqz.png Figure 1. Interstructure analysis of the species assemblage structure in pasture 1: ordination of sampling dates on the plan defined by the first two axes of the PCA on the interstructure matrix (a); maps of the factorial coordinates of the 64 sampling points on the first axis of the interstructure analysis for each of the six species identified in the pasture (b) (circles and squares represent positive and negative scores and the size is proportional to the corresponding value). Modified from Figure 1 in Jiménez et al. (2006) Acta Oecologica 30: 299–311. Copyright c© by Elsevier. Reprinted with permission of the publisher. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-features-of-the-spatio-temporal-distribution-of-11371hlx.png Table 1. Main features of the spatio-temporal distribution of earthworm communities in the six study plots as described by the partial triadic analyses. CPI1 = first axis of the interstructure analysis; CPC1 = first axis of the compromise analysis; Moran’s P = significance level of the spatial patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-species-assemblages-in-the-six-32niv9s3.png Table 2. Composition of the species assemblages in the six study plots. For a given plot, species with the same letters belong to the same patch-level assemblage as identified by the first component of the compromise analysis (a = species with positive scores; b= species with negative scores). Species codes: And = Andiodrilus sp.; Anr = Andiorrhinus sp.; Aym=Aymara sp.; Glo=Glossodrilus sp.; Mar=Martiodrilus sp.; Ocn = Ocnerodrilidae. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-body-size-structure-analysis-for-each-2nee561k.png Table 4. Results of body-size structure analysis. For each biometric trait, we analysed minimum segment length (MSL) and its variance (VarSL) for both patch-level assemblages and plot-assemblages. ‘Lower tail’ and ‘Upper tail’ indicate the number of assemblages for which the observed metric was respectively less than or greater than predicted by the null model. The number in parentheses indicates the number of assemblages with significant patterns (P < 0.05, one-tailed test). Different letters indicate significant differences between observed and expected by chance (EBC) averages (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). The P values indicate the probability of accepting the null hypothesis that the standardized effect size (SES) differed from zero, and the P∗ value the probability of having no significant difference between SES calculated for patch- and plot-assemblages (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-niche-overlap-analysis-for-each-niche-2v475n1y.png Table 3. Results of the niche overlap analysis. For each niche axis, we analysed niche overlap patterns for both patch-level assemblages (species with same signs on the first compromise axis, but see Table 2) and plot-assemblages (species present in a given plot). ‘Lower tail’ and ‘Upper tail’ indicate the number of assemblages for which the observed Pianka Oik was respectively less than or greater than predicted by the null model. The number in parentheses indicates the number of assemblages with significant patterns (P < 0.05, one-tailed test). Different letters indicate significant differences between observed and EBC averages (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). The P values indicate the probability of accepting the null hypothesis that the standardized effect size (SES) differed from zero, and the P∗ values the probability of having no significant difference between SES calculated for patch-level and plot-assemblages (one-way ANOVA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compromise-analysis-of-the-species-assemblage-p735prqs.png Figure 2. Compromise analysis of the species assemblage structure in pasture 1: correlation circle showing the ordination of the variables (species) on the factorial plan defined by the first two axes of the PCA on the compromise matrix (a); maps of the factorial coordinates of the 64 sampling points on the first axis of the PCA on the compromise matrix (b) (circles and squares represent positive and negative scores respectively and the size is proportional to the corresponding value). Modified from Figure 2 in Jiménez et al. (2006) Acta Oecologica 30: 299–311. Copyright c© by Elsevier. Reprinted with permission of the publisher. https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-method-for-computing-asymptotic-states-and-1j2c3te8x9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-albedo-u-0-23ssnewe.png Figure 2 : Albedo u = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-asymptotic-value-c-2-771et0a3.png FIGURE 8 : ASYMPTOTIC VALUE c/2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-albedo-u-1-368lx2cl.png Figure 3: Albedo u = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-asymptotic-value-a-1wdlkof7.png FIGURE 4: ASYMPTOTIC VALUE a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asymptotic-value-glg3a59z.png FIGURE 1 : ASYMPTOTIC VALUE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-asymptotic-value-a-n71hurlt.png FIGURE 6: ASYMPTOTIC VALUE a https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-model-to-study-the-role-of-surface-textures-at-5b7trg4y9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-of-geometry-and-distribution-parameters-9r29d7ow.png Figure 4: A schematic of geometry and distribution parameters of chevrons https://scispace.com/papers/a-one-and-a-half-centered-expansion-for-ion-atom-collisions-2v18mobn24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-expected-value-or-lon-izat-ion-of-k-shell-e-lectrons-1xara4w6.png Fig . 1 . Expected value or lon izat ion of K-shell e lectrons of copper by 0.5 Mev protons as • funct ion of impact parameter. Sol id curve ab i n i t i o calculat ion including de f lec t ion of projec- https://scispace.com/papers/a-p-channel-gan-heterostructure-tunnel-fet-with-high-on-off-cu3lzp8po8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variations-of-ss-and-with-respect-to-device-width-32v90psp.png Fig. 5. Variations of 𝐼𝑂𝑁, SS and 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐼𝑂𝑁/𝐼𝑂𝐹𝐹) with respect to device width. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-contribution-of-different-regions-to-the-total-on-3l0cwska.png Fig. 6. (a) Contribution of different regions to the total on-resistance (RON) of the device. Variation of on-resistance with respect to (b) channel length and (c) gate to drain length, where the gate to source length and the device width are kept fixed at 56 𝑛𝑚 and 10 𝑛𝑚, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-drain-current-and-tunnel-distance-1em82eqn.png Fig. 8. Variation of the drain current and tunnel distance with respect to gate bias for a conventional TFET in Si and a heterojunction TFET in GaN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-band-diagram-in-on-and-off-states-of-1cw7dn76.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the band diagram in ON and OFF states of (a) a conventional TFET on Si and (b) a heterojunction TFET on GaN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-energy-band-diagram-of-a-a-vertical-p-n-ayaaxtus.png Fig. 1. Simulated energy band diagram of (a) a vertical p-n junction in GaN (inset) and (b) p-n junction with AlN barrier (inset), where the doping density in each n- or p- type region is 3 × 1019𝑐𝑚−3. The polarization charge at the AlN/GaN interface helps reduce the depletion width to facilitate tunneling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-parameters-used-in-the-simulations-110yqbbn.png TABLE I Summary of Parameters Used in the Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-shows-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-p-channel-gan-htfet-15i1xvyz.png Fig. 3 (a) shows a schematic diagram of the p-channel GaN HTFET with its vertical direction along [0001]. From the bottom to the top, the structure consists of a 56 𝑛𝑚 n-GaN source, 2 𝑛𝑚 AlN tunneling barrier, 15 𝑛𝑚 undoped GaN (u- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-a-56-x-56-2-gan-zener-diode-with-a-2-8-2w6yyqt8.png Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of a 56 × 56 𝜇𝑚2 GaN Zener diode with a 2.8 nm AlN barrier layer sandwiched between p-GaN and n-GaN, (b) Comparison of our simulation model with the reported experiment data reported from [10] (Adapted from Fig. 3 (a) with permission from [10] Copyright (2009) by the American Physical Society). The inset shows the simulation results of on-current for different AlN thicknesses. https://scispace.com/papers/a-parallel-friendly-majority-gate-to-accelerate-in-memory-1vm6d73bvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-layout-of-time-based-sa-20vs74ny.png Fig. 7: Layout of time-based SA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eight-bit-pp-adder-ladner-fischer-expressed-as-7-3axp340n.png Fig. 8: Eight-bit PP adder (Ladner-Fischer)expressed as 7 levels of majority and NOT gates [11], [12]. Majority gates 1–20 constitute carry generate block and 21–36 constitute sum generate block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-in-memory-majority-gate-of-previous-works-13-15-b-12u3y96q.png Fig. 1: (a) In-memory majority gate of previous works [13]–[15] (b) Proposed parallel-friendly gate (c) When multiple gates have to be executed in parallel, the majority gates of previous works [13]–[15] have to be mapped diagonally because two gates cannot be executed in the same row/column. This manner of computation complicates both the peripheral circuitry and memory controller (inputs of the gates influence row/column decoding). In the proposed method, multiple gates can be mapped to the same set of rows, thereby simplifying the peripheral and the memory controller (inputs of the gates are resistance of memory cells and row/column decoders retain their functionality as in a conventional memory). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-when-three-rows-are-activated-wl1-3-simultaneously-in-3e9rm4ma.png Fig. 2: When three rows are activated (WL1−3) simultaneously in a 1T-1R array, the resistances of the three RRAM devices are in parallel. An ‘in-memory’ majority gate can be implemented by accurately sensing the effective resistance Reff . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mapping-of-the-logic-levels-1-to-7-of-fig-8-to-1t-1r-2un0w3bv.png Fig. 9: Mapping of the logic levels 1 to 7 of Fig.8 to 1T–1R array. All the majority gates in a level are executed in parallel (shaded yellow). mi represent the output of the ith majority gate and ci is the carry generated during parallel-prefix addition (denoted green since it is read as a ‘voltage’ and then written into the array). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-precisely-sensing-reff-results-in-majority-logic-0-24afiq2i.png TABLE I: Precisely sensing Reff results in majority: Logic ‘0’ is LRS (10 KΩ) and logic ‘1’ is HRS (133.3 KΩ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-small-current-iread-injected-into-the-cell-converts-2b8co0ck.png Fig. 3: A small current IREAD injected into the cell converts the resistance to a voltage which is fed to the time-based SA. A currentstarved inverter transforms this voltage into a proportional delay which is sensed as a CMOS-compatible voltage by the D-FF [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-eight-bit-adders-in-rram-array-4rzcx90d.png TABLE III: Comparison of eight-bit adders in RRAM array https://scispace.com/papers/a-parallel-processor-for-real-time-speech-signal-processing-io5ok86oh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-effective-speed-up-for-the-1x0wsfbq.png Table I. Effective speed up for the https://scispace.com/papers/a-partial-simulation-study-of-phantom-effects-in-multilevel-at6rn50udq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-absolute-changes-in-the-effects-of-student-and-2wy8pfco.png Table 4.2 Absolute Changes in the Effects of Student and School Socioeconomic Status (SES) after the Addition of the Prior Measure of Science Achievement in Various Correlations with the Current Measure of Science Achievement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-change-in-effects-of-student-ses-on-current-dmpw1mm5.png Figure 5.1 Change in effects of student SES on current science achievement, with addition of prior science achievement in various correlations with current science achievement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-relative-changes-in-the-effects-of-student-and-1cz9ionz.png Table 4.3 Relative Changes in the Effects of Student and School Socioeconomic Status (SES) after the Addition of the Prior Measure of Science Achievement in Various Correlations with the Current Measure of Science Achievement https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-810-regression-coefficient-estimates-2jwk1d0b.png Table 3.1 The 810 Regression coefficient estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-description-of-independent-variables-388pwdwc.png Table 4.1 Description of independent variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-change-in-effects-of-school-ses-on-current-2x3bx0f5.png Figure 5.2 Change in effects of school SES on current science achievement, with addition of prior science achievement in various correlations with current science achievement. https://scispace.com/papers/a-partial-solution-of-the-aizerman-problem-for-second-order-4p2sswz3cu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stability-boundaries-for-the-linear-system-5-1obt2djg.png Fig. 1. Stability boundaries for the linear system (5). https://scispace.com/papers/a-passive-autofocus-system-by-using-standard-deviation-of-mogpf2j4rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-contraction-of-the-hole-3dr198mv.png Figure 4: The contraction of the hole https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-curve-c-of-sharpness-values-versus-lens-position-28nd6wq6.png Fig. 1: The curve C of sharpness values versus lens position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-working-principle-of-an-autofocus-liquid-lens-3uey5f09.png Figure 2: The working principle of an autofocus liquid lens based on mechanical lens change in applying membrane actuators [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-changing-of-the-focal-length-317vah4d.png Fig. 6 : The changing of the focal length https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-scheme-of-the-proposed-method-3asc1364.png Figure 5: The scheme of the proposed method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-prototype-device-2splrilz.png Figure 3: The prototype device https://scispace.com/papers/a-participatory-budget-model-under-uncertainty-k8v7ve4s12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-proposals-performance-rub23vpt.png Table 4 Proposals performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-three-best-portfolios-for-the-participants-35q3z6su.png Table 5 Three best portfolios for the participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-criteria-24t5smy7.png Table 3 Evaluation criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-utility-functions-and-weigh-2tfsc743.png Fig. 1. Utility functions and weigh https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participatory-budget-under-uncertainty-basic-data-cpdq4fkx.png Table 1 Participatory budget under uncertainty. Basic data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-matrix-of-random-utilities-for-the-pb-problem-3n78vv78.png Table 2 Matrix of (random) utilities for the PB problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-voting-results-3okbk5tl.png Table 6 Voting results. https://scispace.com/papers/a-particle-swarm-based-algorithm-for-optimization-of-multi-285smjbudr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-rate-of-the-optimization-procedure-xkph6qpn.png Fig. 4. Convergence rate of the optimization procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distribution-of-thermal-residual-stress-along-the-2qxhqewj.png Fig. 3. The distribution of thermal residual stress along the central axis for four first optimal designs presented in Table 3. Maximum mismatch stresses of these optimal designs are: (1) n = 3, 56.8 MPa; (2) n = 4, 40.7 MPa; (3) n = 5, 36.5 MPa; (4) n = 6, 24.8 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-optimal-results-of-the-design-variables-y39w4u0h.png Table 5 Comparison optimal results of the design variables with those obtained by Xu et al. (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-properties-of-zirconia-and-porcelain-25-1emkg8sf.png Table 1 Material properties of Zirconia and porcelain (25 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-piston-on-ring-test-3lkmg36f.png Fig. 1. A schematic representation of the piston-on-ring test with a multi-layered circular disc as the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-comparison-of-the-optimal-design-with-six-design-hhzxp09c.png Table 7 A comparison of the optimal design with six design cases reported in Fabris et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-optimal-outcomes-of-the-design-variables-for-the-chob7flv.png Table 8 Optimal outcomes of the design variables for the disc subjected to thermal stresses and biaxial flexure test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-corresponding-young-s-modulus-of-each-layer-5xc7tkb3.png Table 9 Corresponding Young's Modulus of each layer presented in Table 6 for the disc subjected to both thermal stresses and the piston-on-ring test. https://scispace.com/papers/a-passive-network-appliance-for-real-time-network-monitoring-5ghy9isa72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-our-real-time-monitoring-api-functions-27h5x1mh.png Table 1: Summary of our real-time monitoring API functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pna-installation-with-the-local-network-connected-3264muau.png Figure 1: A PNA installation with the local network connected to the Internet through a gateway router that mirrors packets to our PNA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-64-byte-packet-throughput-in-kilopackets-per-second-3j39w1i8.png Figure 4: 64 byte packet throughput in kilopackets per second for the three monitor configurations and two packet flow patterns with 95% confidence intervals shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-throughput-of-packet-capture-methods-measured-in-25pjilhl.png Table 2: Throughput of packet capture methods measured in megabits per second with 98% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-throughput-expressed-as-percentage-of-peak-2bc6k8x5.png Figure 5: Throughput expressed as percentage of peak throughput for packets sizes 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, and 1514 under the “many” flow pattern using the real-time monitor (with 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-successful-table-insertions-against-w8c0rjna.png Figure 6: Comparison of successful table insertions against packets that could not be inserted by the PNA software and packets that were dropped at the network card under worst case traffic conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-a-tcp-session-between-a-local-and-remote-host-2dgv6frc.png Figure 3: Top: A TCP session between a local and remote host. Middle: The local hosts sends an “outbound” packet resulting in the same flow key. Bottom: The remote host sends an “inbound” packet giving the flow key shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-the-pna-software-architecture-3ja8se02.png Figure 2: Block diagram of the PNA software architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/a-pedagogical-continuum-the-journey-from-face-to-face-to-17o9cxb8dk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-modifications-to-pedagogy-at-stage-one-scott-and-1d0lhvf1.png Figure 7.1: Modifications to pedagogy At Stage one, Scott and Alison were beginning to teach blended courses, they were sceptical and resistant to the benefits of the online environment. This was because they were hesitant to believe that the quality of online teaching and the learning outcomes would be the same as face-to-face. They were concerned with their ability to gaining comparable learning outcomes online when compared to face-to-face. When researching the redevelopment of face-to-face courses for blended delivery Twigg (2004) found that the redesign led to the same or better learning outcomes for students. Other researchers (Dziuban, Hartman, Cavanagh, & Moskal, 2011; Dziuban & Moskal, 2001; Lorenzo, Oblinger, & Dziuban, 2007; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-modifications-to-managerial-role-during-stage-1-j2c240ab.png Figure 7.3: Modifications to managerial role During Stage 1, the online space was not considered a priority as part of management of the blended course; of more consequence to Scott and Alison was the management of course content, schedule etc. The online space provided opportunity to replicate the face-to- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-modifications-to-social-presence-during-stage-1-2el8e90j.png Figure 7.2: Modifications to social presence During Stage 1, Scott and Alison had a strong social and teaching presence in both face-to-face and online environments. They felt that an instructor must have social presence, both face-to-face and online, to help develop a sense of belonging within a community of learners. Scott remarked that “the sense of belonging and connectedness is very powerful, and impacts on students’ learning outcomes”. He stated that online social presence is fundamental but needed to be planned in or structured. Scott went on to suggest that as educators in the online space we “need to insert ourselves better” and that social presence “doesn’t happen by accident”. This finding is unlike Conrad’s research (2004) who found that https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-modifications-to-technical-role-alison-at-stage-1-o77gqbw9.png Figure 7.4: Modifications to technical role Alison, at Stage 1, was a novice ICT user. She used traditional technologies to enhance her teaching. For example, she video-recorded her face-to-face sessions or guest speakers and included digital interviews to add to the resources in the online space for her course. She https://scispace.com/papers/a-penalty-model-of-synthetic-micro-jet-actuator-with-wwtsp9d1iz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-mean-pressure-vertical-profiles-in-the-x-0-0067-1kilexw5.png Figure 21: Mean Pressure vertical profiles in the x = 0.0067 and x = 0.5 planes at z = 0 (from left to right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-profiles-at-several-x-locations-x-1-53-at-the-step-2fm9iybv.png Figure 10: Profiles at several x-locations (x = 1.53 at the step) of < u > (u ≡ ux), − < u′v′ >, < v′2 > and K =< u′2/2 > for the natural and controlled flows with Stjet = 0.15, Ujet = 0.7 and Ujet = 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-lines-1-and-2-instantaneous-and-mean-streamwise-3aku3myn.png Figure 17: Lines 1 and 2: Instantaneous and mean streamwise velocity component (from left to right) in the z = 0 and y = 0.67 planes (from top to bottom). Lines 3 and 4: Corresponding pressure fields. Line 5: Turbulent kinetic energy in the z = 0 and y = 0.67 planes (from left to right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-mean-streamwise-velocity-profiles-in-the-median-3l8smt5r.png Figure 18: Mean streamwise velocity profiles in the median vertical plane at different x-locations with comparison to the experimental data of [39]. For this comparison, the y-axis is such that at the back of the Ahmed body: −0.5 < y < 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-jet-locations-in-the-z-0-top-left-y-0-67-top-right-31ierilf.png Figure 19: Jet locations in the z = 0 (top left), y = 0.67 (top right) and x = 0.0067 planes (bottom left). The angle between each jet and the wall is θ = 45◦ inward. Details of the micro-jet modelling (bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-the-vertical-velocity-component-v-2msrxx3e.png Figure 4: Time evolution of the vertical velocity component v ≡ uy at (x = 0.5, y ≈ 0.3) for three different spatial discretizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-vertical-velocity-component-v-34qf1wr7.png Figure 5: Time evolution of the vertical velocity component v ≡ uy at (x = 0.5, y = 0.3) using the present modelling and a detailed description of the actuator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ratio-of-the-recirculation-lengths-of-the-1bo5890b.png Figure 9: Ratio of the recirculation lengths of the controlled and natural flows vs the dimensionless micro-jet frequency, as obtained for two of the experiments of [23] and for the present simulations with Ujet = 1.5 and Ujet = 0.7. https://scispace.com/papers/a-performance-model-for-an-asynchronous-optical-buffer-3fjp9fif0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-blp-for-a-mixture-of-deterministic-burst-sizes-n-20-1n6nae0i.png Fig. 4. BLP for a mixture of deterministic burst sizes (N = 20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-blp-for-a-mixture-of-deterministic-burst-sizes-r-60-2deaoyf4.png Fig. 5. BLP for a mixture of deterministic burst sizes (ρ = 60%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-blp-for-exponentially-distributed-burst-sizes-n-20-6nfj71j4.png Fig. 2. BLP for exponentially distributed burst sizes (N = 20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-the-scheduling-horizon-h-1fwvfagf.png Fig. 1. Evolution of the scheduling horizon H. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-blp-for-deterministic-burst-sizes-n-20-siymsuaw.png Fig. 3. BLP for deterministic burst sizes (N = 20). https://scispace.com/papers/a-performance-evaluation-of-60-ghz-mimo-systems-for-ieee-802-mdaxyh7l6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-modulation-and-coding-schemes-considered-2giil55x.png TABLE II. MODULATION AND CODING SCHEMES CONSIDERED https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-mimo-ofdm-transmitter-18pbtuly.png Figure 1: Block diagram of MIMO-OFDM transmitter https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-ofdm-systems-in-ieee-802-11ad-1i7ni4nr.png TABLE I. PARAMETERS FOR OFDM SYSTEMS IN IEEE 802.11AD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pe-2ka7itju.png Figure 5: PE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-101aifwp.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bl-18hpe66e.png Figure 2: Bl https://scispace.com/papers/a-physical-model-of-prebreakdown-in-the-hollow-cathode-6t2mwu8mra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-radial-eleciric-fleld-al-i-0-2h4z7ctp.png FIG. 12. RADIAL ELECIRIC FlELD Al I ~ 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-p-sitive-i-n-density-at-t-508-ns-28rc2v3k.png FIG. 27. P~SITIVE I~N DENSITY AT T = 508 NS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-radial-eleciric-fleld-al-i-508-ns-3ozbzbl1.png FIG. 15· RADIAL ELECIRIC FlELD Al I~ 508 NS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-electr-n-density-at-t-508-ns-dircjnm4.png FIG. 26. ELECTR~N DENSITY AT T = 508 NS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-electric-field-at-the-start-f-the-simulati-n-t-o-1ofvlls9.png FIG. 10. ELECTRIC FIELD AT THE START ~F THE SIMULATI~N T=O https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-electric-field-at-t-508-ns-23z11wi6.png FIG. 13. ELECTRIC FIELD AT T = 508 NS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-axial-electric-field-at-t-0-1r6ry292.png FIG. 28. -AXIAL ELECTRIC FIELD AT T = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-axial-electric-field-at-t-508-ns-1zltfk2o.png FIG. 30. - AXIAL ELECTRIC FIELD AT T = 508 NS https://scispace.com/papers/a-pilot-case-control-study-of-behavioral-aspects-and-risk-15e0t05u34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-logistic-regression-analysis-psfs05wg.png Table 1 Univariate logistic regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crude-numbers-of-risk-factors-in-patients-and-t832z236.png Table 2 Crude numbers of risk factors in patients and controls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wgjp4xjs.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/a-pilot-study-on-the-flexural-properties-of-vinyl-ester-stp2qyvie5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flexural-strength-of-sphericel-60p18-filled-figure-wkxg071e.png Figure 1: Flexural strength of Sphericel 60P18 filled Figure 2: Flexural strength of varying percentage vinyl ester composites with varying percentage by by weight of glass powder reinforced phenolic resin weight of glass powder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flexural-modulus-of-glass-powder-filled-figure-4-1lg6qxie.png Figure 3: Flexural modulus of glass powder filled Figure 4: SEM image of 10% by weight of epoxy composites Sphericel 60P18 filled VE composite, 200 X https://scispace.com/papers/a-pilot-study-of-atomoxetine-in-young-children-with-c19935d1qt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-outcome-measures-comparing-5-year-olds-to-6-year-3plryp9k.png TABLE 3. OUTCOME MEASURES COMPARING 5 YEAR OLDS TO 6 YEAR OLDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cgi-i-at-end-point-cgi-i-5-clinical-global-impressions-2x6gz2sb.png FIG. 2. CGI-I at end point. CGI-I 5 Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adhd-iv-rs-adhd-iv-rs-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-1ycdc2x8.png FIG. 1. ADHD-IV-RS. ADHD-IV-RS-Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity–Rating Scale-IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-global-impression-severity-scores-were-1hvjemam.png TABLE 2. CLINICAL GLOBAL IMPRESSION–SEVERITY SCORES WERE DECREASED FROM BASELINE TO ENDPOINT (p , 0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-vital-signs-3tndr90y.png TABLE 4. VITAL SIGNS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adverse-events-n-5-22-20wuv41w.png FIG. 3. Adverse events N 5 22. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographicsa-2uv5n863.png TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICSa https://scispace.com/papers/a-plea-for-preregistration-in-personality-disorders-research-1andbw3bon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-judged-importance-of-pcl-r-factors-to-psychopathy-15fomm2f.png Figure 1. Judged importance of PCL-R factors to psychopathy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pcl-r-items-and-factors-in-descending-order-of-1iykh5k3.png Table 2 PCL-R items and factors in descending order of ranked item importance (M, SD). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-arguments-against-preregistering-psychopathy-mp2ivexw.png Table 1 Arguments against preregistering psychopathy research and a discussion of their validity. https://scispace.com/papers/a-political-economy-of-chinas-export-restrictions-on-rare-5f1unaiaq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-rare-earth-districts-source-hurst-2010-13w495kn.png Figure 4: Proposed rare earth districts Source: Hurst (2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-prices-of-lanthanum-la-cerium-ce-neodymium-nd-and-39g6phti.png Figure 7: Prices of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), and praseodymium (Pr) in US$ per kg of oxides Source: asianmetal.com https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ndfeb-permanent-magnet-production-by-region-in-kt-2crpvoaj.png Figure 6: NdFeB permanent magnet production by region in kt Source: Shaw and Constantinides (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-china-in-international-corruption-surveys-source-23p840ec.png Table 4: China in international corruption surveys Source: Transparency International (2012, 2007, 2000); World Bank (2013) * Due to methodological changes, the values from 2012 are not comparable to results for previous years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-rare-earth-production-by-region-in-t-source-xr1i2lk8.png Figure 1: Global rare earth production by region in t Source: U.S. Geological Survey (2012a, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chinese-export-quotas-2005-to-2013-source-tse-2011-tcgcsfbw.png Figure 3: Chinese export quotas 2005 to 2013 Source: Tse (2011); Hatch (2012b,c, 2013a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-important-applications-of-rare-earths-source-1vnczmfw.png Table 1: Most important applications of rare earths Source: Schüler et al. (2011); U.S. Geological Survey (2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demand-projections-source-kingsnorth-2012-eihb3371.png Table 2: Demand projections Source: Kingsnorth (2012) https://scispace.com/papers/a-posteriori-error-analysis-for-two-non-overlapping-domain-4yo8v11e9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1grk0lho.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2w1ow8dn.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-penalty-errors-due-to-h-1-2-00-g-1yr35agf.png Figure 4: Comparison of penalty errors due to H 1/2 00 (Γ) penalty (for penalty parameter ) and to L2(Γ) (for penalty parameter 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-initial-triangulation-of-l-shaped-domain-2ya1wzk0.png Figure 3: Initial triangulation of L-shaped domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-snapshots-of-iterated-solutions-in-adaptivity-3ox1ok8s.png Figure 8: Snapshots of iterated solutions in adaptivity strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-triangulations-of-iterated-solutions-in-adaptivity-2yl9f9j8.png Figure 9: Triangulations of iterated solutions in adaptivity strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-penalty-parameter-and-grid-size-in-385r504x.png Figure 7: Influence of penalty parameter and grid size in error indicators: L-shaped domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1eqlfunt.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/a-possible-role-for-triplet-h2cn-isomers-in-the-formation-of-3rclg17wnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-orbital-energies-of-the-lowest-triplet-states-of-31fqn18t.png FIG. 2. Orbital energies of the lowest triplet states of cisand trans-acetylene and dihydrogen cyanide cation from a DZ +Pbasis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-orbital-energies-of-the-lowest-singlet-and-triplet-314v3f8g.png TABLE II. Orbital energies of the lowest singlet and triplet states of the H2CN+ molecule, obtained with the DZ basis. (Geometries of the singlet states are listed in Ref. 14.) The top half of the table lists the first four orbitals for each isomer; the bottom half lists the other occupied orbitals. For the states, the last two orbitals are https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bond-1-engths-and-bond-angles-of-the-lowest-triplet-2gu2d49y.png FIG. 3. Bond 1 engths and bond angles of the lowest triplet states for four isomers of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-helative-energies-in-kcalmol-1-of-the-system-and-3ogd7zq9.png FIG. 5. Helative energies (in kcalmol-1) of the system and related molecules. Data for i.n its linear singlet ground state [denoted HCNH'(S) l arc from Hef. 88 (see also Hc£s. 29-31). At298K, of is225.0kcaimol .. 1; correction to 0 K assuming H238 K -·HoK of is the same as that of acetylene decreases this value to 224. '1 kcal. mol-1. Data for the singlet isomer are from Ref. H; for the triplet states (T) of from this work; for I-INC from Hef. 32; ionization potentials of C and N from ioni7.ation potentials of J:-1 2, and CH3 from data from JANAF tables. The various thermochemical data ·are summarized in the Appendix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-orbital-energies-of-the-lowest-singlet-and-triplet-2cc5kn8z.png FIG. 1. Orbital energies of the lowest singlet and triplet states of CNH2 and H2cN• isomers from aDZ basis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-electronic-configurations-and-excitations-from-the-c8ighrs4.png TABLE I. Electronic configurations and excitations from the ground state for the lowest triplet states of four isomers of H2CN+. https://scispace.com/papers/a-posteriori-error-bounds-for-reduced-basis-approximation-of-1rm3ulkoc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-normalized-error-as-a-function-of-n-for-cases-i-3qr2gbs0.png Table 1 The normalized error as a function of N for cases I, II, and V. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effectivity-en-u-as-a-function-of-n-for-cases-i-1kmihdcr.png Table 2 The effectivity ηN (µ) as a function of N for cases I, II, and V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-more-or-less-complete-paving-of-du-for-case-v-nnuvru1h.png Fig. 4 A (more or less) complete “paving” of Dµ for case V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-polygons-ru-j-t-for-cases-i-ii-iii-and-v-14bz7a2f.png Fig. 3 Polygons Rµ j ,τ for cases I, II, III, and V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contours-of-b-o2-loc-over-du-for-the-cracked-membrane-tr1q4efh.png Fig. 2 Contours of β(ω2, Loc) over Dµ for the (cracked membrane) model Helmholtz problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-error-bound-and-effectivity-for-the-cubically-1c1m16qg.png Table 4 Error bound and effectivity for the cubically nonlinear Poisson problem for an adaptive sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-error-bound-for-the-cubically-nonlinear-poisson-3otuwt97.png Table 3 Error bound for the cubically nonlinear Poisson problem for random and adaptive samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-error-error-bound-and-effectivity-for-the-cubically-1otck6lx.png Table 5 Error, error bound, and effectivity for the cubically nonlinear Poisson problem for the N = 10 adaptive sample; µTEST,1 = (0.01; 0.1), µTEST,2 = (0.1; 1), and µTEST,3 = (1; 10). https://scispace.com/papers/a-practical-approach-for-establishing-trust-relationships-1w8dmpzcol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-attestation-service-architecture-and-chain-of-trust-12paqt7r.png Fig. 1. Attestation Service Architecture and Chain-of-Trust. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-jtss-stack-layered-architecture-2boedu8q.png Fig. 3. Overview of jTSS Stack Layered Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transitive-trustmodel-for-the-java-vm-12xwu1q0.png Fig. 4. Transitive trustmodel for the Java VM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-attestation-process-scenario-clwic4ht.png Fig. 2. Attestation Process Scenario https://scispace.com/papers/a-precuneal-causal-loop-mediates-external-and-internal-38osfs54oc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ppi-analyses-for-the-two-tasks-revealed-an-inverse-13bejw2u.png Figure 5: PPI analyses for the two tasks revealed an inverse pattern of task modulated FC of the two seeds (v/dPCu’s), which is common to both tasks. (a) FC overviews for each task are shown in the circular connectogram plots. These were constructed by segmenting T-score PPI maps to anatomical regions as defined by the Harvard-Oxford cortical and subcortical structural atlases in the CONN toolbox (https://web.conn-toolbox.org/). Cerebellar regions are not https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meta-analysis-and-univariate-analysis-shows-dmn-2ri23bm9.png Figure 1: Meta-analysis and univariate analysis shows DMN engagement during the two tasks. (a) and (b) demonstrate the NeuroSynth meta-analysis results, using “attention*” or “execut*” as keywords to search for goal-directed tasks that require attention and executive function. (a) Forward inference shows that DMN subregions are active in the tasks. The forward inference map is produced by calculating the convergence of brain regions most consistently activated by certain cognitive processes. (b) Reverse inference shows that not many DMN regions are specifically associated with these tasks. The reverse inference map is calculated as the likelihood of a search term being used in a study given the presence of reported activation, and it reflects the brain activation specific to a certain cognitive process (Yarkoni et al., 2011). (c) and (d) show that activation of posterior DMN regions is associated with the N-back and RP task (from the HCP database). Warm/cold regions in the brain heatmap indicate higher/lower activity in the difficult condition compared to the easy condition. For panels (a) and (b) standardised Z scores and for panels (c) and (d) T-scores indicating activation strength are provided with colour scales. For highlighting activation in relation to the DMN, 3D renderings of the DMN are shown in shaded grey, on which our activated regions are superimposed. This was constructed by superimposing the Z-score maps (with the cut-off of 3) and T-scores (of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-conceptual-predictive-model-centring-at-the-24nagf59.png Figure 8: A conceptual predictive model centring at the medial posterior DMN. The medial posterior DMN behaves like a predictive system, with its dorsal part associated with an attentional system (comprising FPCN regions such as the IPS, middle and lateral frontal cortices) and its ventral part associate with a reactive system (comprising regions such as anterior insula) (Tops et al., 2014). The connectivity from each module is derived from our studies, with the pink colour indicating being stronger in difficult conditions, and blue colour indicating being stronger in easy conditions. The (directed) connectivity pattern from our result suggests that external and internal information is exchanged by the reciprocal loop between the vPCu and dPCu. This exchange of information might support the predictive coding theory which emphasises that external information is always inferred (rather than simply being represented from a bottom-up direction) based on an internal belief of the world (prediction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-the-model-structure-of-the-winning-1d84smqm.png Figure 7. Illustration of the model structure of the winning DCM model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-n-back-and-the-rp-task-resulted-in-the-same-39546s5p.png Table 1: The N-back and the RP task resulted in the same pattern of PCu fragmentation. The dorsal PCu (dPCu) and ventral PCu (vPCu) were identified as the regions responsive to different cognitive load: the dPCu was activated while the vPCu was deactivated by an increased cognitive demand in difficult versus easy conditions. The N-back task provided a statistically stronger demonstration (larger significant clusters) of this, possibly because the task had more trials i.e. bigger sample size (80 trials in the N-back, vs. 27 in the RP task). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-comparison-result-suggests-that-the-causal-2pfv7yic.png Table 4: Model comparison result suggests that the causal influence from the vPCu to dPCu is modulated in easier conditions and then swapped from the dPCu to vPCu in more difficult conditions. The first 4 rows/aspects of the model structure specified 11 DCM models. The first four DCMs that adopted “one-state”, “deterministic” neural mass model won over the “twostate”, “stochastic” ones, according to the posterior probability at the group level (assuming a fixed factor effect). Among the “one-state”, “deterministic” DCMs, the third model wins over others with consistently higher posterior probability and higher exceedance of model evidence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-and-c-indicate-whole-brain-contrasts-of-the-98mapa85.png Figure 3: (a), (b) and (c) indicate whole-brain contrasts of the connectivity between dPCu and vPCu. Structural connectivity is in (a), resting-state FC in (b) and task-state FC in (c). Task-state FC was calculated as a partial correlation, controlling for the effect of event-related BOLD signals (i.e., disregarding the apparent correlation caused by stimulus-driven activity). T scores for the statistical effect of the connectivity difference are mapped out on the 3D brain reconstructions. Hot colours represent areas that demonstrate stronger connectivity with the dPCu than with the vPCu, and vice versa for the cold colours. Circular wedge plots to the left and right are a representation of ICN spatial involvement i.e. show voxel overlap between canonical ICNs and the connectivity results. The canonical ICNs are defined by the BrainMap/BM ICN atlases from the ICN_atlas toolbox (Kozák et al., 2017). Cognitive domains and descriptions of the BM/ICN atlases for the ICNs are also provided. The same colour scheme for the (ICN-) BM atlases was used throughout the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seed-derivation-for-the-connectivity-analyses-task-1kuezt7t.png Figure 2. Seed derivation for the connectivity analyses. Task-specific seeds for functional and effective connectivity during tasks were derived by overlapping activation maps from either the N-back or RP task, and the DMN and PCu masks from the Conn atlas. Analysis for each task was carried out independently. For task-independent structural and resting-state functional connectivity, the PCu seeds (d/vPCu) were defined as the spatial intersection of the activated or deactivated clusters in both tasks, the DMN and the PCu masks. https://scispace.com/papers/a-practical-inference-method-with-several-implicative-1a4ly1e872 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-case-3-four-interesting-areas-38p992mb.png Fig. 11. Case 3: four interesting areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-output-partition-created-with-a-linear-functiona-bx-cy-3a6cpc8m.png Fig. 8. Output partition created with a linear functiona+ bx+ cy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-input-notation-1fisrxam.png Fig. 10. Input notation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-input-partitions-naoqfprp.png Fig. 7. Input partitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-areas-defined-by-input-partitions-1rw0liu3.png Fig. 9. Areas defined by input partitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-output-intervals-a1-a2-1-b1-b2-1-100ykha7.png TABLE I OUTPUT INTERVALS (α1 = α2 − 1, β1 = β2 − 1 ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-output-evolution-according-toa1-2hxqtlnw.png Fig. 12. Output evolution according toα1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inference-with-a-gradual-rule-and-a-precise-input-3nqfwh28.png Fig. 1. Inference with a gradual rule and a precise input https://scispace.com/papers/a-prediction-of-the-machining-defects-in-flank-milling-3qmq85a74s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-influence-of-the-tool-deflection-on-its-maximum-2di07le2.png Fig. 8 An influence of the tool deflection on its maximum immersion angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-initialisation-of-the-tool-estimated-position-in-a-3766g61h.png Fig. 9 An initialisation of the tool estimated position in a given section in steady state Fig. 10 The basic algorithm in the steady state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-thickening-of-the-number-of-sections-at-the-time-2qh54nso.png Fig. 11 The thickening of the number of sections at the time of a transition zone passage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-definition-of-the-first-calculation-section-1em6tqn0.png Fig. 12 The definition of the first calculation section https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-the-error-profile-between-the-cloud-of-simulated-and-2yc0xyqy.png Fig. 21 The error profile between the cloud of simulated and measured dots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-the-simulation-of-deflection-of-the-machined-surface-1d2qi2rq.png Fig. 19 The simulation of deflection of the machined surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-maximal-engagement-card-2ydx07yw.png Fig. 20 The maximal engagement card https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-the-calculated-profile-in-the-steady-mode-hs3xri6h.png Fig. 18 The calculated profile in the steady mode https://scispace.com/papers/a-prime-number-based-approach-for-closed-frequent-itemset-52mzag54uu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-an-extraction-context-k-middle-the-items-from-k-twk6erb8.png Fig. 1: (Left) An extraction context K. (Middle) The Items from K sorted in descending order with their corresponding prime numbers and supports. (Right) The context K transformed and reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-results-of-clopn-3g5l5xr9.png Fig. 2: Experimental Results of CloPN https://scispace.com/papers/a-priori-ratemaking-using-bivariate-poisson-regression-4n6atm7z5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-bivariate-poisson-model-with-regressor-1rfxj0nd.png Table 4: Results for bivariate Poisson model with regressor on λ3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-zero-inflated-bivariate-poisson-models-2or3yob9.png Table 5: Results for zero-inflated bivariate Poisson models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-bivariate-poisson-and-double-poisson-xhm3fdqm.png Table 3: Results for bivariate Poisson and double Poisson models https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-five-different-policyholders-to-be-compared-lt1vlss6.png Table 6: Five different policyholders to be compared https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparision-of-a-priori-ratemaking-2phhvhxp.png Table 7: Comparision of a priori ratemaking https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explanatory-variables-used-in-the-model-x604dumr.png Table 1: Explanatory variables used in the model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cross-tabulation-of-data-2v2iiqt8.png Table 2: Cross-tabulation of data https://scispace.com/papers/a-probabilistic-approach-to-predict-peers-performance-in-p2p-49r8og5fvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-peers-trustworthiness-drawn-g84x92w9.png Fig. 2. Simulation results - peers’ trustworthiness drawn randomly from [0,1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-misclassification-rate-of-the-expected-service-quality-3443wgnw.png Fig. 3. misclassification rate of the expected service quality as a function of the fraction of liars. Standard deviations of the service distributions - σ = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computational-model-of-trust-2j0q2ltu.png Fig. 1. Computational model of trust https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-misclassification-rate-of-the-expected-service-quality-2qo2gsp6.png Fig. 4. misclassification rate of the expected service quality as a function of the standard deviation of the distributions of the services. https://scispace.com/papers/a-procedure-for-characterizing-the-range-of-input-yb2x8v8x3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ciau-method-error-filling-process-and-error-1d15lowq.png Figure 4. CIAU Method: “Error Filling Process” and “Error Extraction Process”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-weighting-factor-components-for-typical-2ye27cym.png Table 1. Selected weighting factor components for typical thermalhydraulic parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nodalization-and-boundary-condition-of-the-edward-1nhzco52.png Figure 6. Nodalization and Boundary condition of the Edward pipe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-values-of-aap-and-ranges-of-variation-of-input-2tghora1.png Figure 7. Values of AAP and ranges of variation of input parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uncertainty-methods-based-upon-propagation-of-input-22lvucmn.png Figure 1. Uncertainty methods based upon propagation of input uncertainties (GRS method). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fftbm-procedure-for-identifying-the-range-of-g19w4dt8.png Figure 5. FFTBM procedure for identifying the range of variation of input uncertain parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uncertainty-methods-based-upon-propagation-of-3oz5xu9q.png Figure 2. Uncertainty methods based upon propagation of output uncertainties (CIAU method). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-umae-flow-diagram-also-adopted-within-the-process-292fob62.png Figure 3. UMAE flow diagram (also adopted within the process of application of CIAU). https://scispace.com/papers/a-process-oriented-life-cycle-assessment-lca-model-for-1wpdtzw4up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generic-representation-of-the-biorefinery-process-2ssgamu2.png Fig. 3 Generic representation of the biorefinery process-oriented model in EASETECH with the intermediate and final outputs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-process-oriented-lca-model-response-in-terms-of-global-340xymdd.png Fig. 5 Process-oriented LCA model response, in terms of global warming, GW, (kgCO2-eq∙kgww-1) and mass/energy balance (MJ∙tww-1), to three different feedstocks (i.e., Miscanthus, brewer’s grain and willow) having different shares of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. NG: natural gas; GS: gasoline. For these three biomasses the values of the parameters used are: in hydrolysis, a cellulose and a hemicellulose conversion efficiency of 95% and 75% respectively, and in fermentation and distillation the conversion efficiency of 88% for both C5 and C6 sugars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-overview-of-the-process-oriented-lca-model-response-28wpwnds.png Fig. 4 An overview of the process-oriented LCA model response, in terms of global warming, GW, (kgCO2eq∙kgww-1) and mass/energy balance (MJ∙tww-1), to (one-at-the-time) unit-process performance variations (i.e. 0%, 25%; 50%; 75%; 100%): 3a) hemicellulose conversion efficiency in hydrolysis, 3b) cellulose conversion efficiency in hydrolysis, 3c) C5 sugars conversion efficiency in fermentation, 3d) C6 sugars conversion efficiency in fermentation. The feedstock considered is wheat straw. NG: natural gas; GS: gasoline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-an-application-of-operators-for-decreasing-3jfyisb9.png Fig. 2 Example of an application of operators for decreasing the water content (substance) of the grass (fraction) within garden waste (material) https://scispace.com/papers/a-proof-of-concept-for-scale-adaptive-parametrizations-the-1w26krgtru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-first-moment-as-a-function-of-the-coupling-strength-397gzbn5.png Figure 9: First moment as a function of the coupling strength for the different models considered in the paper. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-second-centered-moment-as-a-function-of-the-29ninjkr.png Figure 10: Second centered moment as a function of the coupling strength for the different models considered in the paper. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-density-of-the-x-variable-for-the-1z3uhsi8.png Figure 1: Probability density of the X variable for the original (solid line) and the modified (dashed line) Lorenz 96 model. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-probability-density-of-the-x-variable-in-the-j3e6daxv.png Figure 14: a) Probability density of the X variable in the case of c = 100, b = 10 and h = 0.1. See text for details. b) Zoom on the peak of the distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-probability-density-of-the-x-variable-in-the-ouqgme9s.png Figure 13: a) Probability density of the X variable in the case of c = 1, b = 10 and h = 1. See text for details. b) Zoom on the peak of the distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-constants-determining-the-efuqlwm7.png Table 1: Values of the constants determining the parameterization according to the Wilks method for various values of the model’s parameter c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-density-of-the-x-variable-for-the-g7qd237r.png Figure 6: Probability density of the X variable for the different models considered in the paper. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-probability-density-of-the-x-variable-calculated-3tkbth2n.png Figure 16: Probability density of the X variable calculated adding G to uncoupled Y equation. The standard case is the one shown in section 4. See text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/a-proposal-for-isotherm-world-maps-to-forecast-the-seasonal-due9g7qnub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-covid-19-epidemic-curve-in-hubei-and-the-rest-of-3ajzpwa6.png Figure 5: COVID-19 epidemic curve in Hubei and the rest of China. Data sourced from media reports, ProMED-Mail and WHO situation reports. [Adapted from 16] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-daily-mean-temperature-record-of-wuhan-black-5spf53v7.png Figure 6: The daily mean temperature record of Wuhan (black) and its climatic temperature averages (yellow). https://scispace.com/papers/a-proposed-rf-system-for-the-fusion-materials-irradiation-43n3n0lblx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-single-rf-amplifier-chain-2pm7xamz.png Fig. 2. A single rf amplifier chain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fmit-rf-system-1haed8xd.png Fig. 1. The FMIT rf system. https://scispace.com/papers/a-protocol-for-the-global-sensitivity-analysis-of-impact-5easnkf414 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-protocol-for-the-analysis-of-an-lcia-characterization-usyd4ijv.png Fig. 2. Protocol for the analysis of an LCIA characterization model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-model-and-lcia-global-sa-in-the-lca-2j288oep.png Fig. 1. Characterization model and LCIA global SA in the LCA framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-first-order-and-total-order-sensitivity-indicesa-1mbipn57.png Table II. First-Order and Total Order Sensitivity Indicesa https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-uncertain-inputs-in-the-noise-model-in-the-two-18vrpw0g.png Table I. Uncertain Inputs in the noise model in the Two Alternative Configurations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-result-of-500-bootstrap-runs-of-the-calculation-of-db-378g2oj0.png Fig. 4. Result of 500 bootstrap runs of the calculation of δB for the simple and the extended model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-correlation-among-savage-scores-across-global-nrt6p3n4.png Table IV. Correlation Among Savage Scores Across Global Sensitivity Measures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-result-of-500-bootstrap-runs-of-the-calculation-of-uwn9tm6i.png Fig. 3. Result of 500 bootstrap runs of the calculation of first-order indices for the simple and the extended model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-importance-measures-for-the-simple-and-extended-1cz4ud01.png Table III. Importance Measures for the Simple and Extended Noise model Configurations https://scispace.com/papers/a-pseudospectral-fourier-method-for-a-1d-incompressible-two-51771ip912 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-flow-geometry-2gaaejyn.png Figure 1. Sketch of the flow geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-steps-in-the-ps-4g0lhb6m.png Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the steps in the PS method. Subscript t denotes time derivatives, subscript n+1 indicates the next time step, apostrophes indicate the varying parts of variables and hats are used for variables in Fourier space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-evolution-of-the-ps-simulations-and-2yb0t1zj.png Figure 3. Temporal evolution of the PS simulations and sections of the final surface profiles for the KdV equation (Panels a and b) and the two-fluid model (Panels c and d), respectively. In all simulations, 64 grid cells were used, and the initial cnoidal wave was propagated about twice the distance of the periodic computational domain corresponding to 100h0 for the KdV equation and 200D for the two-fluid model. The dimensionless times are defined by t∗∗≡ t/√gh0 and t∗≡ t/(D/Um). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-panel-a-flowchart-indicating-simulation-cases-a-b-1xf1aqre.png Figure 6. Panel a: Flowchart indicating simulation cases a, b and c together with the simulation case used in the previous subsections and the viscous (VKH) and inviscid (IKH) Kelvin–Helmholtz lines. Panel b: The evolution of the normalized wave amplitude as a function of the distance travelled for the different cases simulated with the PS and the first-order FD methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-panel-a-convergence-plot-of-the-estimated-1exd4nzz.png Figure 7. Panel a: Convergence plot of the estimated amplification factor computed after the wave has propagated about eight wavelengths. Panel b: Development of the estimated amplification factor for Case a as a function of wavelengths travelled for two different grid refinements for the PS method compared with the result of the VKH analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-panel-a-holdup-profiles-after-the-initial-wave-in-31j40wz7.png Figure 5. Panel a: Holdup profiles after the initial wave in the two-fluid model simulations has been propagated about 200D. Panel b: Computational time as a function of the number of grid points for the KdV equation. The PS method with (w.i.f.) and without (wo.i.f.) the integrating factor is used combined with tolerances corresponding to TOL=10−7 and 10−14. The computations were performed with an Intel Pentium M 2.0GHz processor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-of-the-error-estimates-and-tables-containing-dc6vxah9.png Figure 4. Plots of the error estimates and tables containing the convergence rates for the KdV simulations (Panels a and b) and the two-fluid model (Panels c and d). The algebraic order of convergence, p, is defined by (21), and the exponential convergence factor, q , is defined by (22). https://scispace.com/papers/a-quadrature-modulator-based-scheme-for-frequency-hopping-1y0m649aew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spur-performance-of-the-modulator-3dtaudhn.png Figure 4. Spur performance of the modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-constellation-diagram-for-the-qpsk-signal-1bsa8xm2.png Figure 5. The constellation diagram for the QPSK signal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-noise-at-the-output-of-the-modulator-yqkjgl5l.png Figure 3. Phase noise at the output of the modulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-transition-in-the-proposed-scheme-7xz126xw.png Figure 6. Frequency transition in the proposed scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generation-of-digitally-up-converted-data-xnrtwa23.png Figure 1. Generation of digitally up-converted data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-the-setup-35b25byf.png Figure 2. Block diagram of the setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-transition-enlarged-2n9ulror.png Figure 7. Frequency transition enlarged https://scispace.com/papers/a-qualitative-study-of-anabolic-steroid-use-amongst-gym-4mshmt342w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondent-profiles-a-2wmn7yp9.png Table 1. Respondent profiles.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-respondents-uses-of-drugs-for-human-enhancement-34lyixnh.png Table 2. Respondents’ uses of drugs for human enhancement purposes. https://scispace.com/papers/a-quality-improvement-initiative-improving-time-to-2a4p9490di 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-cl437e9q.png Table 1: Patient characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-from-arrival-to-antibiotic-given-by-mtzhul8r.png Table 2: Time from arrival to antibiotic given by intervention period https://scispace.com/papers/a-quality-of-service-specification-for-multimedia-4es1ivlcry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-presentation-error-may-be-attributed-to-value-error-sn95ob1o.png Figure 5: Presentation error may be attributed to value error alone, as shown on the left, or to some combination of timing and value errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-a-view-that-allocates-an-8x6-pixel-37hov6vb.png Figure 4; Example of a view that allocates an 8x6 pixel window on a display device for presentation of the bicycling video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-critical-error-values-kqv3pmlr.png Figure 6: Example critical error values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-view-specification-for-playback-of-bicycling-video-7cap3p4r.png Figure 7; View specification for playback of bicycling video at four times normal rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-mapping-from-actual-presentation-times-to-35042qdx.png Figure 8: Example mapping from actual presentation times to ideal presentation times. When shift error in an interpretation is zero, all timing error must be attributed to jitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-architecture-for-editing-and-viewing-multimedia-25vl7o2j.png Figure 1: An architecture for editing and viewing multimedia presentations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timeline-view-of-content-specification-for-a-b42fi9uv.png Figure 2: Timeline view of content specification for a presentation of bicycling video with audio. https://scispace.com/papers/a-quasi-brittle-continuum-damage-finite-element-model-of-the-41i9vp2aoy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-six-selected-values-of-critical-damage-at-fracture-20j2wncm.png Table 3. Six selected values of critical damage at fracture to investigate the model sensitivity on the predicted mechanical response. T https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-fracture-pattern-from-different-angles-dsxd0n3o.png Figure 5. Predicted fracture pattern from different angles and quasi-brittle damage distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-crack-propagation-sequences-in-relation-to-the-1fsh883y.png Figure 4. Crack propagation sequences in relation to the force-displacement curve and quasibrittle damage distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fe-model-of-the-left-proximal-femur-of-subject-b-15cainig.png Figure 2. FE model of the left proximal femur of subject B (male, age 61) generated from QCT scan data obtained in vitro. The 3D model is partitioned into trabecular bone and cortical bone with the Hounsfield (HU) scale: HU>600 is taken as the cortical region [92]. Displacement was applied to the femoral head, as indicated by the arrows, and the distal portion of the model was restrained [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-predicted-fracture-pattern-and-30gyf6gn.png Figure 7. Comparison between predicted fracture pattern and experimental location of the femur fracture from Duchemin et al. [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-damage-laws-for-human-trabecular-and-cortical-bone-1107b8zq.png Figure 1. Damage laws for human trabecular and cortical bone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-and-experimental-force-displacement-3q114y05.png Figure 3. Predicted and experimental force-displacement curves obtained by Keyak reported in [36] and the present FE model. Point B indicates the occurrence of yielding. Point C indicates the occurrence of numerical fracture. From C to D, the cracks propagate rapidly, leading to the drop of the curve (Complete fracture of the femur). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fracture-force-versus-the-variation-in-the-critical-2dqz8cyi.png Figure 6. Fracture force versus the variation in the critical damage value in compression and tension. https://scispace.com/papers/a-quasi-optimal-convergence-result-for-fracture-mechanics-5bbvuckkap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-domain-decomposition-and-the-enrichment-strategy-3ha6iqzx.png Fig. 1. The domain decomposition and the enrichment strategy. https://scispace.com/papers/a-quasi-z-source-active-neutral-point-clamped-inverter-26uuna7i7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-symmetrical-unsymmetrical-boost-mode-operation-of-17dxba56.png Figure 3. Symmetrical/unsymmetrical boost mode operation of proposed QZS-NPCI: (a) FST state in symmetrical boost mode, (b) UST and lower NST state in unsymmetrical boost mode, (c) LST and upper NST state in unsymmetrical boost mode, (d) FNST state in symmetrical boost mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-values-used-in-simulation-and-179nt7p4.png Table 3. Parameter values used in simulation and experimentation setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-prototype-setup-of-proposed-qzs-anpci-2auhxanj.png Figure 6. Experimental prototype setup of proposed QZS-ANPCI topology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equations-during-st-and-nst-states-1n4wl8dv.png Table 1. Equations during ST and NST states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-vgeust-vin-vc1-vc2-b-vgelst-vin-vc3-vc4-c-il3-vnn-2c7cnyc5.png Figure 4. (a)VGEUST , Vin(+), VC1, VC2 ; (b)VGELST , Vin(−), VC3, VC4 ; (c)IL3, VNN , IL1, VPN in symmetrical boost mode; (d)VGEUST , Vin(+), VC1, VC2 ; (e)VGELST , Vin(−), VC3, VC4 ; (f)IL3, VNN , IL1, VPN in unsymmetrical boost mode; (g) Ia, Vab, Vinv,ab at RL = 60Ω in both modes; (h) Vin(+), Vin(−), VNN , VPN ; (i) Vabc, Iabc, Vin(+), Vin(−) for change of Vin(+) = Vin(−) = 30V to 20V ; (j) Vin(+), Vin(−), VNN , VPN ; (k) Vabc, Iabc, Vin(+), Vin(−) for change of Vin(+) = 30V to 20V ; (l) Vabc, Iabc, VPN , VNN for dynamic change of RL = 120Ω to 60Ω . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thds-of-proposed-qzs-anpci-topology-a-under-3vm789qo.png Figure 5. THDs of proposed QZS-ANPCI topology (a) under symmetrical boost mode (V in(+) = V in(−) = 30 V, Vo,NPC=150V , B = 2.5) , (b) under asymmetrical (V in(+) = 60V, V in(−) = 30 V, Vo,NPC = 150V,B = 1.67) . https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-equivalent-thermal-model-of-proposed-topology-for-28bw5rft.png Table 6. Equivalent thermal model of proposed topology for loss and efficiency analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thd-of-voltages-and-currents-in-the-proposed-3-level-2v8fofbn.png Table 4. THD of voltages and currents in the proposed 3-level QZS-ANPCI at load, R = 60 Ω / phase (Y-connected). https://scispace.com/papers/a-radical-change-in-traffic-law-effects-on-fatalities-in-the-49jguu1s61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-the-new-traffic-law-on-fatalities-2pp6tf0v.png Table 2: Effects of the New Traffic Law on Fatalities https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-overview-of-novel-provisions-in-the-2006-traffic-2w7jkxln.png Table A.2: Overview of Novel Provisions in the 2006 Traffic Law https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-the-new-traffic-law-controlling-for-gdp-1th7wc66.png Table 3: Effects of the New Traffic Law: Controlling for GDP and Transport Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fatalities-per-106-cars-2004-2008-co1baz61.png Figure 2: Fatalities per 106 Cars (2004–2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-rta-related-casualties-july-1smp0sc7.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of RTA Related Casualties (July 2004–June 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-traffic-police-manpower-and-man-hours-in-1nntlcoq.png Figure 4: Traffic police manpower and man-hours in enforcement by Czech regions in 2006 and 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weekly-effects-of-the-new-traffic-law-on-3b73gc70.png Figure 3: Weekly effects of the new traffic law on standardized fatalities (6 months before–12 months after) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-fine-for-speeding-in-2006-and-2007-3ooq0fbc.png Figure 1: Average fine for speeding in 2006 and 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/a-radial-age-gradient-in-the-geometrically-thick-disk-of-the-2ihs4r49k7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integrated-colors-as-a-function-of-age-for-an-ssp-y5fgag9g.png Figure 4. Integrated colors as a function of age for an SSP with a metallicity of –0.5 (based on a Chabrier IMF and the PARSEC stellar evolution models). The color difference between populations of 5 and 10 Gyr is of only ∼0.1 mag. If nearby edge-on galaxies had the same radial age gradient as the Milky Way, this would not be clearly obvious from their broadband colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radial-age-gradients-using-stellar-ages-computed-by-2bm4xgzr.png Figure 3. Radial age gradients using stellar ages computed by N16 using The Cannon, for RC stars (top panel) and RGB stars (bottom panel). This confirms the presence of strong radial age gradients at all heights above the midplane. The errors on distances are larger for RGB stars, so that the radial gradients are shallower than for RC stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-age-distributions-for-rc-stars-at-6wn42s79.png Figure 2. Cumulative age distributions for RC stars at different galactocentric radii. The shaded areas represent for each distribution the 1σ range from 1000 bootstrap samples. The top panel shows stars in the geometrically defined thick disk (i.e., stars far from the midplane), while the bottom panel shows stars in the chemically defined thick disk (i.e., α-rich stars). The α-rich population is quite uniform as a function of galactocentric radius, with an age distribution consistent with a 2.5 Gyr-wide Gaussian centered on 8 Gyr (black line). By contrast, the age distribution of the geometrically defined thick disk changes significantly as a function of radius, with younger stars in the outer regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radial-profiles-of-age-left-and-a-m-right-for-rc-3vza068q.png Figure 1. Radial profiles of age (left) and [α/M] (right) for RC stars at different heights from the midplane of the Milky Way in the APOGEE survey. The solid lines correspond to the median values in each bin, while the shaded areas represent the uncertainty on these medians (the range from the 16th to 84th percentiles, based on 1000 bootstrap samples). The top image is a DSS image of NGC 891 and illustrates the physical location of our different z slices. At all heights above the disk, we find a radial gradient of age and [α/M] . https://scispace.com/papers/a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-multicenter-1c0n8t90x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3mxfgsav.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2qj40fzf.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/a-randomized-trial-of-progesterone-in-women-with-bleeding-in-2ya9aykkhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-baseline-characteristics-of-the-1zlj0g5c.png Table 1. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics of the Participants.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enrollment-randomization-and-follow-up-uut2p0vj.png Figure 1. Enrollment, Randomization, and Follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-outcome-and-secondary-outcomes-g808j8p8.png Table 2. Primary Outcome and Secondary Outcomes.* https://scispace.com/papers/a-rapid-non-invasive-population-assessment-technique-for-3tn3lzj1ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observed-values-of-alitta-brandti-abarenicola-364pu5ku.png Figure 4. Observed values of Alitta brandti, Abarenicola pacifica, and Mya arenaria populations versus predicted values using lugworm burrows and other burrow openings as predictors at Wolfe Cove. Invertebrate populations were counted by excavating and collecting all specimens from a 1 m2 pit to a depth of 20 cm, while burrow openings were counted visually on the surface during low tide in the summer of 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-values-of-the-nephtys-caeca-population-1g4p8e9i.png Figure 5. Observed values of the Nephtys caeca population versus predicted abundance using lugworm burrows at Wolfe Cove. N. caeca individuals were counted by excavating and collecting all specimens from a 1 m2 pit to a depth of 20 cm, while burrow openings were counted visually on the surface during low tide in the summer of 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-intertidal-mudflats-sampled-during-summer-1zimbzds.png Figure 1. Map of intertidal mudflats sampled during summer 2017 near Kitimat and Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada. WC: Wolfe Cove, LS: Log Sort, LD: Log Dump, and FB: Foxy Beach. Mudflat near Prince Rupert in the Skeena River Estuary (WC: Wolfe Cove 54.242433, -130.273033) had high macrofaunal diversity (n = 8 species). Mudflats in the Kitimat River Estuary (LS: Log Sort 54.0248815, -128.610411, LD: Log Dump 54.031088, -128.621355, PL: Pilings 54.015791, - 128.632238, and FB: Foxy Beach 54.005785, -128.660710) had low macrofaunal diversity (n = 1 species). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-output-for-general-linearized-model-of-mya-179jhw94.png Figure 2: Model output for general linearized model of Mya arenaria. A) The relationship between predicted and observed population counts of M. arenaria at Kitimat, BC. Predicted values are based on burrow counts. B) The relationship between model residuals and model predicted values for the linear model created for M. arenaria populations based on burrow counts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-for-abundance-of-macrofauna-and-2e57lh4g.png Table 1. Correlation matrix for abundance of macrofauna and type of burrow opening on the substrate surface at Wolfe Cove. Spearman’s rho coefficients and associated significance are presented. As we were attempting to identify potential relationships, = 0.1 was used to denote significance and statistically significant correlations are shown in bold (Beninger et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-values-of-glycinde-picta-macoma-nasuta-and-3ejb7zn1.png Figure 3. Observed values of Glycinde picta, Macoma nasuta and Neotrypaea californiensis versus predicted values from other burrow openings at Wolfe Cove. Invertebrate populations were counted by excavating and collecting all specimens from a 1 m2 pit to a depth of 20 cm, while burrow openings were counted visually on the surface during low tide in the summer of 2017. https://scispace.com/papers/a-rapidly-acquired-foraging-based-working-memory-task-2xv01jmhr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-table-showing-the-mean-and-sem-of-the-number-of-gxd70v5g.png Table 5. Table showing the mean (and SEM) of the number of perseverative errors and chaining responses in the foraging task made by HPC lesion mice (n=11) and SHAM controls (n=13; Experiment 1 and 2) and WT (n=15) and PDAPP mice (n=14; Experiment 3). Numbers in bold represent significant differences in between group comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-foraging-behaviour-in-control-mice-and-mice-with-1pm7lz09.png Figure 3: Foraging behaviour in control mice and mice with HPC lesions. Measures of SWM in SHAM control (n=13) and HPC lesion mice (n=11). A) Total number of errors. B) Total number of repeat errors. C) The ratio of neighbouring and distal errors to total errors made. *p<0.05. Data were averaged across four trials for each mouse and mean score for each group is reported. Error bars represent the S.E.M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reconstruction-of-the-minimal-a-and-maximal-b-slldzwk7.png Figure 2. Reconstruction of the minimal (A) and maximal (B) extent of bilateral hippocampal lesions through coronal sections through the brain. Coordinates represent distance from bregma in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-foraging-behaviour-in-mice-with-hpc-lesions-3i4esklg.png Figure 4: Foraging behaviour in mice with HPC lesions. Measures of SWM in SHAM control (n=13) and HPC lesion mice (n=11). A) Total number of errors. B) Total number of repeat errors. C) The ratio of neighbouring and distal errors to total errors made. **p<0.01. Data were averaged across four trials for each mouse and mean score for each group is reported. Error bars represent the S.E.M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-foraging-behaviour-and-swm-performance-in-pdapp-n-geyn7zff.png Figure 5: Foraging behaviour and SWM performance in PDAPP (n=14) and WT control mice (n=15). Data were averaged across four trials for each mouse and mean score for each group is reported. Error bars represent the S.E.M. A) Total number of errors. B) Total number of repeat errors. C) The ratio of neighbouring and distal errors to total errors made. *p<0.05 https://scispace.com/papers/a-rational-approach-to-the-harmonisation-of-the-thermal-wse0x5r1q6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-moisture-on-the-thermal-conductivity-of-38q0zhr9.png Figure 4: Effect of moisture on the thermal conductivity of different types of materials [from 9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-permeability-derived-from-regression-klsgtchw.png Figure 3: Predicted permeability derived from regression analysis of experimental data for a 9mm thick sample of gypsum plasterboard at 20 o C [from 17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spread-in-measured-densities-and-their-relation-to-2gnfnmbv.png Figure 1: Spread in measured densities and their relation to the quoted density for lightweight concrete blocks supplied by two different manufacturers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standards-relating-to-thermo-physical-property-2f201c3o.png Table 1: Standards relating to thermo-physical property measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-permeability-of-a-5-ply-12mm-thick-1l97e10t.png Figure 2: Differential permeability of a 5-ply, 12mm thick sample of exterior quality plywood at 20 o C [from 17]. https://scispace.com/papers/a-reciprocity-inequality-for-gaussian-schell-model-beams-and-49bfs0k28p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-factor-1k9znqnq.png Fig. 3. The factor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contours-of-the-factor-2hln7ow6.png Fig. 2. Contours of the factor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrating-the-notation-2hku2cyu.png Fig. 1. Illustrating the notation. https://scispace.com/papers/a-reflective-journal-as-learning-process-and-contribution-to-4sy7k5ux7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-excerpt-from-data-showing-role-over-phrase-33vpi0xe.png Figure 3. Excerpt from data showing ‘role over’ phrase highlighted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excerpt-from-nvivo-transcript-depicting-annotation-2f7jfkdb.png Figure 2. Excerpt from Nvivo transcript depicting annotation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rich-picture-illustrating-role-over-28zc0ixy.png Figure 4. Rich picture illustrating ‘role over’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-highlighted-text-denoting-links-qabvij2t.png Figure 1. Screenshot of highlighted text denoting links between journal thoughts and data https://scispace.com/papers/a-refined-pharmacophore-identifies-potent-4-amino-7-fasfrmxk5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-p-stacking-by-two-of-the-quinoline-rings-of-smnpi4-36ax36ka.png Figure 4. π stacking by two of the quinoline rings of SMNPI4 results in two feasible binding modes. Colors, stick thicknesses, and dashed lines are as indicated in Figure 3. (A) The inhibitor docked with the chloro substituents of theπ stacking quinoline rings facing into the substrate binding cleft. (B) An alternative binding mode with one of theπ stacking quinolines oriented in the opposite direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-docked-models-of-smnpis1-3-inhibitors-are-depicted-ocm9pvlo.png Figure 3. Docked models of SMNPIs1-3. Inhibitors are depicted in thicker stick with white carbons. Carbons of binding subsite 1 residues are cyan, of binding subsite 2 are magenta, and of the polar contact region are orange. All other carbons are green. Oxygen atoms are red, and nitrogen atoms are blue. The yellow dashed line indicates a hydrogen bond. (A, B, and C) Docked models of SMNPIs1, 2, and3, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inhibitory-potencies-of5-11-34hr9jwm.png Table 2. Inhibitory Potencies of5-11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-smnpi-11-docked-in-the-bont-a-lc-substrate-binding-2ivjiqq6.png Figure 5. SMNPI 11 docked in the BoNT/A LC substrate binding cleft. All colors, stick thicknesses, and the dashed line are as indicated in Figure 3. As compared to SMNPIs1-3, the cholate-acetate portion of the inhibitor adopts a shallower binding mode as a result of increasing the length of the flexible tether between the ACQ and cholate-acetate components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-dimensional-structures-of4-9-2gwd1df6.png Figure 2. Two-dimensional structures of4-9. https://scispace.com/papers/a-relay-assisted-distributed-source-coding-problem-47r3aoo8be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relay-assisted-distributed-source-coding-30r6a80t.png Fig. 1. Relay-assisted distributed source coding. https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-antarctic-surface-snow-isotopic-composition-1eanqllt52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-sources-and-references-for-previously-published-8l0wtgah.png TABLE 2. Data sources and references for previously published isotopic values or new data (“this study”) as well as the type of data (snowfall, pits, ice cores, etc.) included in the database. The full database is available as a Microsoft Excel file as supplementary material for this paper (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1fs5v0v7.png TABLE 2. Data sources and references for previously published isotopic values or new data (“this study”) as well as the type of data (snowfall, pits, ice cores, etc.) included in the database. The full database is available as a Microsoft Excel file as supplementary material for this paper (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-study-of-correlations-between-surface-isotopic-ruf2pt7b.png TABLE 3. Study of correlations between surface isotopic distribution and geographical variables: (a) single linear relationships (correlation coefficients displayed only when significant with a confidence level of 99.9%; means no correlation). The sine of the latitude is used. The single correlations are analyzed on subsets of data for which the records are available. Correlations used for multiple regressions are in bold. (b) Multiple linear model to estimate D and 18O as a function of the sine of the latitude, altitude, and distance from coast. The analyses are conducted on the subsets of data for which all of these data are available (the number of points n is displayed), leading to slightly different results when compared to (a). Results are displayed in terms of slope, regression coefficient, and percentage of the reconstruction variance explained by each of the two to three predictants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hierarchy-of-modeling-approaches-used-to-analyze-the-3cs19hwo.png TABLE 1. Hierarchy of modeling approaches used to analyze the processes responsible for the isotopic composition of Antarctic snowfall. https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-cost-measures-for-the-economic-impact-of-1j9f2joip8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-measures-for-mental-health-care-1qmhzmtr.png Table 3. Cost Measures for Mental Health Care https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cost-measures-for-loss-of-consumption-efficiencies-2vzd0b5h.png Table 6. Cost Measures for Loss of Consumption Efficiencies in the Household https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cost-measures-for-government-transfers-2llsp2i0.png Table 7. Cost Measures for Government Transfers https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cost-measures-for-use-of-services-1k5wsb9p.png Table 8. Cost Measures for Use of Services https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-energy-use-and-energy-efficiency-technologies-1g6y6irg1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-onsite-energy-loss-profile-for-the-u-s-textile-3k02bqbb.png Figure 5. Onsite Energy Loss Profile for the U.S. Textile Industry [120] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-breakdown-of-motor-systems-energy-use-in-the-u-s-3b213erq.png Figure 6. Breakdown of Motor Systems Energy Use in the U.S. Textile Industry [120] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-breakdown-of-typical-electricity-and-thermal-energy-6c3kv7i4.png Figure 8. Breakdown of Typical Electricity and Thermal Energy Used in a Composite Textile Plant [105] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-breakdown-of-thermal-energy-use-in-a-dyeing-plant-26u5nmgq.png Table 4. Breakdown of Thermal Energy Use in a Dyeing Plant (Average in Japan) [40] https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-thermal-energy-use-in-dyeing-plants-average-of-japan-dxf6nht2.png Table 6. Thermal Energy Use in Dyeing Plants (Average of Japan) [40] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leading-exporters-of-textiles-in-2003-140-1lkxe25f.png Figure 1. Leading Exporters of Textiles in 2003 [140] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leading-importers-of-textiles-in-2003-140-1jsfz6t3.png Figure 2. Leading Importers of Textiles in 2003 [140] https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-list-of-cross-cutting-energy-efficiency-measures-and-wipl0f6a.png Table 9. List of Cross-Cutting Energy-Efficiency Measures and Technologies * https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-innovation-based-methods-to-jointly-estimate-4ihk6bkltc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-several-methods-to-estimate-error-1py5gz7r.png TABLE 1. Comparison of several methods to estimate error covariance matrices Q and R in data assimilation. https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-existing-anatomical-data-capture-methods-to-11mdj38dvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-different-data-capture-methods-and-o2b0eux2.png Table 1: Comparison of different data capture methods and ideal characteristics = True X = False https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-polygonal-mesh-from-direct-3d-laser-scanning-3qmpj3mo.png Figure 1(a): Polygonal mesh from direct 3D laser scanning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parametric-3d-hand-model-based-on-anthropometric-1xio8mjl.png Figure 3: Parametric 3D hand model based on anthropometric measurements for customised glove design. Image courtesy of Williams (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prosthetic-hand-production-3d-scan-data-was-6yxlbnij.png Figure 2: Prosthetic hand production. 3D scan data was captured by scanning a plaster cast (right), and was used to produce a realistic artificial hand fabricated by additive manufacture (left). Image courtesy of Direct Dimensions (2010) https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-the-community-flood-risk-management-literature-49fkozyfaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-stage-approach-for-study-selection-3elc323x.png Fig. 2 Three-stage approach for study selection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-studies-selected-for-inclusion-from-stage-1-sexa0x2k.png Fig. 1 Diagram of studies selected for inclusion from stage 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-community-flood-risk-management-publications-26nn11j8.png Fig. 4 Number of community flood risk management publications by year (N = 60) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-map-showing-the-distribution-of-studies-by-state-37drz8jd.png Fig. 3 Map showing the distribution of studies by state https://scispace.com/papers/a-risk-management-approach-for-collaborative-npd-project-3twkes0oz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alliances-typology-rgp5j7uq.png Fig. 1. Alliances typology https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-risk-example-and-strategies-for-each-cell-of-the-1rqygltg.png TABLE I. Risk example and strategies for each cell of the cube https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-macro-process-of-risk-management-plan-design-xxt8rn0e.png Fig. 3. The macro process of risk management plan design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-macro-process-of-risk-management-plan-design-1clm7b4d.png Fig. 2. The macro process of risk management plan design https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-on-biological-processes-for-pharmaceuticals-wastes-8xg3t2g6an 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-possible-biological-interactions-between-cells-and-3dfnt1sm.png Figure 1. Possible biological interactions between cells and organic pollutants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microorganisms-identified-as-efficient-degraders-of-1y24kfwv.png Table 2. Microorganisms Identified as Efficient Degraders of Acetaminophen as Sole Carbon Sourcea https://scispace.com/papers/a-robot-model-of-the-basal-ganglia-behavior-and-intrinsic-3om3afvtny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-extended-basal-ganglia-model-of-humphries-and-1f1r6jm8.png Figure 3. The extended basal ganglia model of Humphries and Gurney (2002). Abbreviations: SSC—somatosensory cortex, MC—motor cortex, VL—ventro-lateral thalamus, TRN—thalamic–reticular nucleus, others as per figure 1. Connectivity within the basal ganglia component of the model is as shown in Figure 2c. Basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops can be understood as providing additional mechanisms that can contribute to effective action selection. First, the removal of basal ganglia inhibition from VL completes a positive feedback loop to the motor cortex. Second, the diffuse inhibitory connections from TRN to VL, which are stronger between channels than within channels (as indicated by the plain and dotted inhibitory connections in the figure), together with within-channel excitation from VL to TRN, produces a form of mutual inhibition between channels. See text and Humphries and Gurney (2002) for further explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-for-each-action-subsystem-the-table-shows-the-mean-39yi37bj.png Table 2: For each action subsystem the table shows the mean number of bouts per trial, the relative frequencies of alternative behaviors, and the relative frequencies of different transitions (preceding behavior on the vertical axis, subsequent behavior on the horizontal axis). No indicates a bout of inactivity. The transition matrix is dominated by switching between cylinder-pickup (Cs) and cylinder-seek (Cs) (bout and transition frequencies highlighted in bold type). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-salience-space-exploration-following-a-uniform-0-4-2gcqa0c0.png Figure 11. Salience space exploration following a uniform (+0.4) increase in salience across all channels. Axes denote the salience of the winning channel (horizontal), and of the most salient loser (vertical). Shading indicates the proportion (darker=greater) of the approximately 4,000 salience pairs falling within a given (0.1x0.1) bin. Average channel salience was 0.576 (across all channels and all time-steps), the average https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-bout-sequence-structure-of-action-selection-in-the-1a7allra.png Figure 12. Bout/sequence structure of action selection in the robot model for a trial of 120s following a uniform increase (+0.4) in salience across all channels. From the top down, the first five graphs show the efficiency (e) of selection for a given action sub-system plotted against time, the sixth and seventh the inefficiency 1− e https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basal-ganglia-anatomy-of-the-rat-a-internal-wfccrix0.png Figure 1. Basal ganglia anatomy of the rat: (a) internal pathways, (b) external pathways. Not all connections are shown. Abbreviations: STN—subthalamic nucleus, EP—entopeduncular nucleus, GP—globus pallidus, SNc—substantia nigra pars compacta, SNr—substantia nigra pars reticulata, D1, D2—striatal neurons preferentially expressing dopamine receptors subtypes D1 and D2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-bout-sequence-structure-of-action-selection-in-the-28w7rmj6.png Figure 10. Bout/sequence structure of action selection in the robot model for a full 300s trial. From the top down, the first five graphs show the efficiency (e) of selection for a given action sub-system plotted against time, the sixth the inefficiency 1− e https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-intrinsic-activity-of-the-embedded-basal-ganglia-21ixhy4n.png Figure 9. Intrinsic activity of the embedded basal ganglia model for the first 180s of a typical trial. (a, left) The first five graphs show, for each of the five basal ganglia channels, the output of the somatosensory cortex, (solid line), and of the D1 striatum, (dotted line) plotted against time. The final plot shows the output of the winning channel (solid line) compared to that of the most salient loser (dotted line). (b, right) The first five graphs show the per-channel output of EP/SNr, , while the final plot shows the average output of losing channels (solid line), compared to that of the winning channel (dotted line). Solid bars below the sub-system plots indicate periods of full selection of the corresponding action sub-system. Note that there is no selection during the period t= 160–180s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-condition-action-mapping-employed-by-each-action-5dpwtuib.png Table 3. The condition-action mapping employed by each action sub-system to generate a motor vector and a busy signal value (where needed) at each time-step. https://scispace.com/papers/a-robot-that-autonomously-improves-skills-by-evolving-2wr0ns65hz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-computational-graph-represented-as-a-2yyd1mnp.png Fig. 1. An example computational graph, represented as a directed graph with parallel edges. Every node is associated to an action. The red squared node is the starting node. To the right of every edge is its label, i.e. an outcome of an action. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-cg-evolved-as-skill-s0-the-red-node-is-the-22qq1s86.png Fig. 4. The CG evolved as skill S0. The red node is the starting node. Numbers are appended at the end of each node to distinguish between copies of the same action (e.g. ContinousNN 5 and ContinousNN 18). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-representation-of-the-second-experiment-skcc520s.png Fig. 5. A schematic representation of the second experiment. The robot is placed on one side of the table while the objects are placed along the left table’s edge (from the robot’s point of view). The ellipsis indicates the set MS0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-cg-evolved-as-skill-s2-the-red-node-is-the-jyghwii2.png Fig. 8. The CG evolved as skill S2. The red node is the starting node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-cg-evolved-as-skill-s1-the-red-node-is-the-279z2uoe.png Fig. 6. The CG evolved as skill S1. The red node is the starting node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-schematic-representation-of-the-third-experiment-the-2joiz2vs.png Fig. 7. A schematic representation of the third experiment. The robot is placed on one side of the table while the objects are placed along the right table’s edge (from the robot’s point of view). The ellipsis indicates the set MS1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-representation-of-the-first-experiment-the-3996436e.png Fig. 3. A schematic representation of the first experiment. The robot is placed on one side of the table and the object is placed along the closest edge. Only objects located inside the dashed ellipsis can be grasped by the initial skill S0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-mobile-manipulator-platform-pr2-the-robot-has-two-ao6ha56k.png Fig. 2. The mobile manipulator platform PR2. The robot has two 7DOF arms and an holonomic base. The pan-tilt head unit is equipped with two stereo cameras, one high resolution camera and one texture projector (the red light). A tilting laser and a fixed laser on the base are used for navigation and motion planning. https://scispace.com/papers/a-scalable-and-automated-machine-learning-framework-to-z55uga5oxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-technological-automated-and-scalable-ml-3fyjgymd.png Fig. 2. The technological automated and scalable ML architecture (adapted from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-analyzed-automl-tools-1xu5mnpo.png Table 1. Main characteristics of the analyzed AutoML tools (extended from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-algorithms-implemented-by-h2o-automl-and-3ax944s4.png Table 2. Algorithms implemented by H2O AutoML and TransmogrifAI (adapted from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-the-experimental-results-best-values-in-ojl3mdop.png Table 6. Summary of the experimental results, best values in bold (adapted from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adopted-scheme-for-handing-of-requests-and-responses-dsi0ikhx.png Fig. 3. Adopted scheme for handing of requests and responses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-description-of-the-attributes-of-the-event-1slt8upw.png Table 4. Description of the attributes of the event forecasting dataset (adapted from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-attributes-of-the-churn-dataset-1irejd3n.png Table 3. Description of the attributes of the churn dataset (adapted from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-automated-and-scalable-ml-architecture-1jqyf6vy.png Fig. 1. The proposed automated and scalable ML architecture (adapted from [14]). https://scispace.com/papers/a-sand-fly-salivary-protein-vaccine-shows-efficacy-against-1616p1ykba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pdsp15-is-immunogenic-in-humans-a-and-b-sera-and-pbmcs-1rkmsq91.png Fig. 5. PdSP15 is immunogenic in humans. (A and B) Sera and PBMCs were obtained from individuals living in central Mali where P. duboscqi sand flies are prevalent. (A) AntiPdSP15 IgG levels (P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test; n = 12 to 30) and anti-saliva (Anti-SGH) (P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test; n = 12 to 30) in 30 Malians (Endemic). National Institutes of Health (NIH) blood bank healthy donors (n = 12) were used as controls (Non-endemic). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immunization-with-pdsp15-protects-nhp-against-vector-ntwxnkdh.png Fig. 3. Immunization with PdSP15 protects NHP against vector-transmitted CL. (A to C) Immunity in PdSP15- immunized (PdSP15) or sham-immunized (CTL) NHP 48 hours (A) or 2 weeks (B and C) after last immunization. (A) Skin induration after inoculation with bovine serum albumin (CTL) or rPdSP15 (P = 0.0067, t test; n = 10). (B) IFN-g SFC by ELISPOT (P = 0.0002, t test; n = 10). (C) Anti-saliva IgG levels before (Pre) or after (Post) immunization in controls (CTL), PdSP15immunized NHP producing IFN-g (PdSP15IFN+) or not (PdSP15-IFN−) (P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 to 10). (D to L) Evaluation of disease (D to H) and Leishmania-specific immunity (I to L) in CTL, PdSP15-IFN+, or PdSP15-IFN− NHP after challenge with 50 infected sand flies. (D) Disease burden (P = 0.0490, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 to 11). (E) Maximum lesion size (P = 0.0465, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 to 11). (F) Kaplan-Meier plot of the healing time [P = 0.1770, log-rank (MantelCox) test; n = 3 to 11]. (G) Representative photographs 5 weeks after challenge. (H) Parasite number 5 weeks after challenge (P = 0.0034, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 to 8). (I to K) PBMCs stimulated with Leishmania antigen (Leish) 2 weeks after challenge in 8 to 10 NHP. Selection was based on cell number and viability. (I) IFN-g SFC by ELISPOT (P = 0.0075, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 to 10). (J) Percent of CD4+IFN-g+ lymphocytes by flow cytometry (P = 0.0002, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 to 10). (K) Frequency of CD4+ lymphocytes producing cytokines (P = 0.0418, one-way ANOVA; n = 4 to 6). (L) LST induration size 48 hours after the injection of Leishmania antigen at 12 weeks after challenge (P = 0.0269, oneway ANOVA; n = 3 to 10). Cumulative data for 11 CTL and 10 PdSP15 NHP from two independent experiments are shown. Lines and bars indicate the mean, and error bars indicate SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pdsp15-is-an-odorant-binding-protein-in-saliva-of-1izi3679.png Fig. 4. PdSP15 is an odorant-binding protein in saliva of phlebotomine sand flies. (A) Phylogenetic tree analysis shows the similarity of odorant-binding proteins in New and Old World sand fly species and their divergence from odorant-binding proteins (OBP) of other dipterans and humans. Bootstrap value, 10,000. PdSP15 location is underlined in red. (B) Sequence alignment between PdSP15 from P. duboscqi (accession number 112361953) and its orthologs in P. papatasi (PpSP15, accession number 449060564) and P. sergenti (PsSP15, accession number 299829414). Black shading and gray shading represent identical and similar amino acids, respectively. (C) Crystal structure of PdSP15 (4OZD) containing six a-helical elements designated as a, c, d, e, f, and g. https://scispace.com/papers/a-scientometric-assessment-of-the-southern-africa-3ymuu5cze2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vital-statistics-sadc-2008-18iz4ubp.png Table 1: Vital Statistics: SADC 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-country-contribution-of-world-papers-36esas1e.png Table 3: Country contribution (% of world papers) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-relative-to-world-countries-94-98-99-03-04-08-3hyw8kro.png Table 4: Impact relative to world Countries 94-98 99-03 04-08 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-main-collaborating-countries-sadc-2004-2008-2lriux0z.png Table 6: Main collaborating countries: SADC 2004-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-activity-indices-of-sadc-countries-2004-2008-1bumczbh.png Table 5: Activity Indices of SADC countries (2004-2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-sadc-publications-three-5-year-periods-qqguk6b0.png Table 2: Number of SADC publications: three 5-year periods https://scispace.com/papers/a-scenario-based-approach-to-protocol-design-using-3nxf1y6yt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chromosome-coding-using-sbr-1zv6mflf.png Fig. 3. Chromosome coding using SBR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fitness-curve-of-the-best-individual-2a93lb09.png Fig. 4. Fitness curve of the best individual https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-execution-flow-of-the-methodology-b-model-for-37w0obr0.png Fig. 1. a) Execution flow of the methodology; b) Model for fitness evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-among-three-different-setups-for-50-od550w8j.png Table 1. Comparison among three different setups for 50 independent runs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pss-using-stg-of-the-fittest-fsm-349y6qit.png Fig. 5. PSS, using STG, of the fittest FSM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-connection-oriented-protocol-msc-specification-lt9egjyf.png Fig. 2. Connection-oriented protocol MSC specification https://scispace.com/papers/a-search-for-high-excitation-redshift-systems-in-the-2ad5jke4ns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-high-ionization-absorption-redshift-systems-in-two-3s8bjo2d.png TABLE 1 High-Ionization Absorption Redshift Systems in Two Quasars* https://scispace.com/papers/a-self-repairing-execution-unit-for-microprogrammed-4eh6dd6w8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-block-diagram-of-an-execution-unit-that-284douhb.png Figure 6. Block diagram of an execution unit that incorporates arithmetic-code-based BIST. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-degradation-cz6ujlu0.png Figure 7 Performance degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-microprogrammed-architecture-ioj2pisq.png Figure 1. Basic microprogrammed architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enhanced-repair-microcode-to-work-around-a-faulty-1xlab950.png Figure 4. Enhanced repair microcode. To work around a faulty module for the microinstruction in the gray boxes, substitute the instructions indicated by the X’s in the same column. If a microinstruction appears more than once, it means our approach offers more than one alternative. The complexity of the functional units involved decreases as you move to the right in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-block-diagram-of-execution-unit-that-incorporates-2j0iuno2.png Figure 5. Block diagram of execution unit that incorporates cyclic-based BIST. https://scispace.com/papers/a-second-chance-to-make-a-first-impression-how-appearance-2c84k238n9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-warmth-and-1hqdunqj.png Table 2. Means and standard deviations of WARMTH and COMPETENCE as a function of agent appearance, agent behavior and point of measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-warmth-ratings-as-a-function-of-agent-appearance-and-2g8ucgza.png Fig. 2. WARMTH ratings as a function of agent appearance and point of measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-set-up-of-the-study-in-which-the-ivas-provided-users-1lvuktrg.png Fig. 1. Set-up of the study in which the IVAs provided users with explanations about a building. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stimuli-presented-in-the-gestures-present-conditions-27xu701g.png Table 1. Stimuli presented in the ‘gestures present’ conditions: verbal description given in each condition (left column; translated to English; gesture positions labelled with squared brackets) and the different virtual agents either displaying gestural behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-competence-ratings-as-a-function-of-agent-behavior-and-23zl77wj.png Fig. 3. COMPETENCE ratings as a function of agent behavior and point of measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/a-self-validating-control-system-based-approach-to-plant-40gshme06t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-so-that-rs12s22-known-then-r-s11s11-r-s1-35asukew.png Figure 17 so that {RS12S22}, known, then {R*S11S11}, {R*S1 determined by the following: https://scispace.com/papers/a-semantics-for-execution-levels-with-exceptions-1g3vh1rjwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-core-syntax-and-reduction-rules-of-the-language-1rcxb7h0.png Figure 2: Core syntax and reduction rules of the language. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exception-handling-extensions-24iuw8uc.png Figure 3: Exception handling extensions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-semianalytical-solution-for-partial-penetration-in-two-38rurzbi70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dy-awdown-vs-time-from-two-layer-pumping-test-35s70d92.png Table 1. DY'awdown vs. time from two-layer pumping test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ion1ess-ion1ess-me-at-0-1-a-two-layer-with-a-single-3507sstk.png Fig. 4. ion1ess ion1ess me, at = 0.1 a two layer with a single layer tem. XBL 804-9191 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-t-on-in-layer-tern-xbl-804-9195-2ioqql7d.png Fig. 8. t on in layer tern. XBL 804-9195 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-e-layer-due-to-lea-at-r-o-xbl-804-9196-281i0z1u.png Fig" 9. (e layer) due to lea at r~ = o.. XBl 804-9196 https://scispace.com/papers/a-semiosic-translation-of-the-term-bild-in-both-the-vkiey0rifn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bild-as-representation-of-state-of-affairs-1qn1aw6a.png Figure 4: Bild as representation of state of affairs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-model-of-sign-in-the-philosophical-5741558q.png Figure 2: The model of sign in the Philosophical Investigations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-semiotic-sub-system-in-remark-73-2uogr65l.png Figure 3: A semiotic sub-system in remark 73. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-and-distribution-of-the-different-qoghb45n.png Table 1: Frequency and distribution of the different translations ofBild in both the Tractatus LogicoPhilosophicus and the Philosophical Investigations (including the Philosophy of Psychology). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-model-of-sign-in-the-tractatus-logico-3c5afxyo.png Figure 1: The model of sign in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-term-bild-as-used-in-specific-remarks-1xpm36lx.png Figure 6: The term Bild as used in specific remarks distributed in the tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-meaning-expansion-from-cardinal-propositions-via-317b0520.png Figure 5: Meaning expansion from cardinal propositions via commenting remarks. https://scispace.com/papers/a-sentiment-information-collector-extractor-architecture-47cv5nmurf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-methods-3a2gk7rw.png Table 4: Comparison of Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-architecture-of-sicenn-2cja6jdx.png Figure 1: The architecture of SICENN https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-of-different-model-ensemble-strategy-1jbetf96.png Table 3: Accuracy of different model ensemble strategy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-of-different-number-of-information-2gy0nipg.png Table 2: Accuracy of different Number of information-extracting layers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-of-different-sizes-of-information-1jlofisw.png Table 1: Accuracy of different sizes of information-extracting windows https://scispace.com/papers/a-shape-constraint-adversarial-framework-with-instance-49iyw8z27m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sample-frames-in-which-the-membrane-is-not-present-u4ibdd1i.png Figure 10: Sample frames in which the membrane is not present.Each frame was extracted from a video not used to train the network, as described in Sec. 3.4. The predicted segmentation is highlighted in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-frames-from-our-dataset-the-frames-are-37z32whd.png Figure 1: Sample frames from our dataset. The frames are extracted from intra-operative videos acquired in the actual surgical practice for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). Each frame refers to a different video. Although video acquisition was performed with the same equipment, the frames present high variability, in terms of: (i) different membrane position, shape, tissue area in the field of view, contrast and texture, (ii) noise and blur, (iii) presence of amniotic fluid particles, (iv) vessels along the membrane equator, (v) different levels of illumination, (vi) presence of laser-guide light. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-architecture-details-for-the-top-segmentor-and-18eis9ae.png Table 1: Architecture details for the (top) segmentor and (bottom) critic. The IN Conv3D and BN Conv3D refer to Instance Normalization - leaky ReLu - 3D Convolution and Batch Normalization - leaky ReLu - 3D Convolution, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sample-results-of-inter-fetal-membrane-segmentation-3p2gyqd8.png Figure 8: Sample results of inter-fetal membrane segmentation for three consecutive frames in a clip. Results are shown for the (second column) 2D adversarial framework and (third column) the proposed framework. The gold standard and segmentation prediction are highlighted in white and yellow, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-sliding-window-configuration-tested-1hvibtxg.png Table 4: Results of the sliding window configuration tested in E5, E6 in the ablation study. Segmentation Accuracy (Acc), Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC ) and Sensitivity (Sens) on the test set are reported in terms of mean ± standard deviation. The best results are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-boxplot-of-performance-comparison-between-e1-e2-e3-14p0ocm1.png Figure 5: Boxplot of performance comparison between E1, E2, E3, E4 in the ablation study and Casella et al. (2020). The comparison is shown in terms of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC ) for each fold. Black asterisks highlight significant differences between the different architectures (Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon) (∗p < 0.05, ∗ ∗ p < 0.01, ∗ ∗ ∗p < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sample-frame-from-patients-in-the-test-set-of-fold-g4xhfwlv.png Figure 9: Sample frame from patients in the test set of Fold 2. V4 is a patient with posterior placenta and, V5 and V6 are patients with anterior placenta. Performance results for this fold are shown in Table 3, detailed metrics for each video are shown in the supplementary materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-ablation-study-described-in-sec-3-4-38ekkg9x.png Table 2: Summary of the ablation study described in Sec. 3.4: E1: 2D vanilla segmentor, E2: 3D vanilla segmentor, E3: 2D vanilla adversarial framework, E4: 2D adversarial framework. The work in Casella et al. (2020), which is the closest to ours, is shown, too. https://scispace.com/papers/a-shape-optimization-approach-for-a-class-of-free-boundary-23n1kr1c0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-considered-domain-ph-y27d1di1.png Figure 1. The considered domain Ω = Ω(ϕ). https://scispace.com/papers/a-sheet-beam-klystron-paper-design-development-of-a-sheet-4m0so3eny4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fu5oxzmm.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2uv14q4p.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-2c5myuyr.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftk3ach4.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1se5m4yl.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-p9mlpyma.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1r5ufgbm.png Fig. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-37yc14n0.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/a-signal-processing-methodology-for-assessing-the-1vz0uyw0fl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-bias-and-b-variance-of-the-estimation-error-for-a-3lletz6r.png Fig. 8. (a) Bias and (b) Variance of the estimation error for a GPR with a central frequency of 2GHz NA, and three different heights (30, 40, and 50 cm) from the metal plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-bias-and-b-variance-of-the-estimation-error-for-a-mka5ymto.png Fig. 7. (a) Bias and (b) Variance of the estimation error for a GPR with a central frequency of 2GHz EU, and three different heights (30, 40, and 50 cm) from the metal plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-reflection-pattern-of-a-gpr-measurement-in-18a8rfka.png Fig. 1. Typical reflection pattern of a GPR measurement in multi-layered structures with an aircoupled radar system: (a) trend of reflections in a cross-section of a multi-layered structure; (b) sketch of the relevant GPR signal trace. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-to-1-amplitude-variations-for-100-1rhq2a6q.png Fig. 3. Normalized (to 1) amplitude variations for 100 consecutive radar traces of: (a) the signal peak (As), and (b) the noise peak (An) after PEC reflection, with the 1GHz GPR system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-accuracy-vs-optimal-threshold-for-a-gpr-with-a-19mdl0dp.png Fig. 10. Accuracy vs. optimal threshold for a GPR with a central frequency of 2GHz EU at three different heights (30, 40, and 50 cm) from the metal plate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-accuracy-vs-optimal-threshold-for-a-gpr-with-a-central-1mdcktfd.png Fig. 9. Accuracy vs. optimal threshold for a GPR with a central frequency of 1GHz at three different heights (30, 40, and 50 cm) from the metal plate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-to-1-amplitude-variations-for-100-313f3tra.png Fig. 4. Normalized (to 1) amplitude variations for 100 consecutive radar traces of: (a) the signal peak (As), and (b) the noise peak (An) after PEC reflection, with the 2GHz EU GPR system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-to-1-amplitude-variations-for-100-20nqd5cc.png Fig. 5. Normalized (to 1) amplitude variations for 100 consecutive radar traces of: (a) the signal peak (As), and (b) the noise peak (An) after PEC reflection, with the 2GHz NA GPR system. https://scispace.com/papers/a-short-form-version-of-the-boston-naming-test-for-language-2r032hwyl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-comparison-of-the-whole-sample-of-elderly-from-35mk6s1z.png Table 2. Mean comparison of the whole sample of elderly from the rural population of Ourense (northwestern Spain) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-individuals-in-the-sample-of-elderly-rural-1pesuy5q.png Table 1. Number of individuals in the sample of elderly rural population from Ourense (Spain) used for this research https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-area-under-the-roc-curve-auc-standard-error-and-1f293e0z.png Table 4. Area under the ROC curve (AUC), standard error and confidence interval for five tests: MEC, both complete and the three shortened versions of BNT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roc-curve-of-spanish-mmse-the-60-item-bnt2nd-and-1hvl9zoy.png Figure 1. ROC curve of Spanish MMSE, the 60-item BNT2nd and two shortened versions of BNT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-and-specificity-for-the-shortened-1w2gba8s.png Table 3. Sensitivity and specificity for the shortened versions of the Boston Naming Test from Argentina (underlined), Andalusia (italics) and BNTOu11 (bold) https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-approach-for-adapting-continuous-load-balancing-twbch4qa6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-max-min-discrepancy-of-our-algorithms-compared-3tv9r9i8.png Table 2: Final max-min discrepancy of our algorithms compared to other discrete processes in the matching model. The running time of each process is t = T unless otherwise specified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-max-min-discrepancy-of-our-algorithms-compared-yoflli9i.png Table 1: Final max-min discrepancy of our algorithms compared to other discrete diffusion processes for different graph classes. The running time of each process is T = O( logKn1−λ ). https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-experiment-to-explore-standing-waves-in-a-flexible-3af8k1b0um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-the-average-frequency-of-the-standing-waves-as-zpa474m9.png Fig. 6. Plot of the average frequency of the standing waves as a function of the number N of frequency steps detected. The line represents the curve fit to the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-a-digital-oscilloscope-the-screen-3lo9f2eh.png Fig. 4. Experimental setup: A – digital oscilloscope. The screen shows the electrical signal of a standing sound wave; B – detail of microphone and the anemometer, 2 cm away from the extremity of the sound tube. The ridges in the flexible tube can clearly be seen; C – wider view of the relative positions of the anemometer, the microphone, and the sound tube; D – air pump; E – the sound tube and a detail showing the position of the extremities of the air pump and the sound tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-frequency-of-the-standing-sound-waves-as-a-yxfe429p.png Fig. 5. Plot of the frequency of the standing sound waves as a function of the speed of air flowing through the tube. A discrete sequence of frequency steps can be clearly observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-electric-signal-corresponding-to-the-sound-12984f73.png Fig. 3. Plot of the electric signal corresponding to the sound wave obtained for an air speed of 33.8 km/h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-air-displacement-standing-waves-in-a-tube-1y05y947.png Fig. 1. Scheme of air displacement standing waves in a tube, corresponding to the (a) first harmonic, (b) second harmonic, and (c) third harmonic. General expressions for the wavelength and frequency of the nth harmonic are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spinning-of-a-flexible-sound-tube-during-a-classroom-123v2cjg.png Fig. 2. Spinning of a flexible sound tube during a classroom demonstration. https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-output-feedback-pd-controller-for-nonlinear-cranes-6mhkqtg77m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-closed-loop-behaviour-under-pd-control-1frw56e6.png Figure 2: Closed-loop behaviour under PD control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-navy-crane-396lhayu.png Figure 1: US Navy crane https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-quantum-mechanical-treatment-of-scattering-in-39mdz6y5e8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-self-consistent-fermi-level-of-the-bu-ttiker-3le3keoq.png FIG. 6. ~a! The self-consistent Fermi level of the Bu¨ttiker probes, from the energy relaxed scattering model, in the linear response region (VDS 510 mV). ~b! The extracted sheet resistivity in the on-state. Note the four components of the resistance:~1! quantum contact resistance,~2! S/D resistance,~3! tip resistance, and~4! channel resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-profile-of-the-first-mode-and-the-2d-electron-uqqnly05.png FIG. 10. The profile of the first mode and the 2D electron density in the on state with scattering turned on in the first half of the device~solid lines! and with scattering turned on in the second half of the device~dashed lines!. Note that the potential drops in the source or the drain only when scattering is turned on. Also note that turning on scattering only in the second half of the device increases the 2D electron density in the channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-current-spectrum-from-the-energy-relaxed-20jhdo3x.png FIG. 3. ~a! The current spectrum from the energy relaxed scattering model is compared against the ballistic limit in the on-state (VGS5VDS50.4 V). Note that the drain current spectrum is relaxed in energy.~b! The current spectrum from the phase relaxed scattering model is compared against the ballistic limit, in the on state. The source and drain spectra are identical in the presence of scattering, because this model relaxes channel directed momentum only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-pictorial-representation-of-the-essential-physics-of-1t0lj99n.png FIG. 8. A pictorial representation of the essential physics of scattering~also refer Fig. 2!. The fraction of the scattered electrons that can surmount the source-to-channel barrier and make it back into the source, reduces as we move towards the drain. These carriers, whose total energy isE, are delineated by the cone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-i-ds-vs-vds-characteristics-from-the-ballistic-solid-1bhhyuuj.png FIG. 7. ~a! I DS vs VDS characteristics from the ballistic~solid line! and energy relaxed scattering models~dashed line! for VGS50.4 V. The oncurrent in the presence of scattering is;50% of the ballistic limit.~b! The on current vs channel mobility is plotted to indicate that the ultimate performance of our device is primarily controlled by device parasitics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-ultrathin-body-dg-mosfet-structure-with-s-d-doping-3ik30c3f.png FIG. 1. An ultrathin body DG MOSFET structure with S/D doping of 1020 cm23 and an intrinsic channel~channel thickness51.5 nm!. A slice of the device within which a 1D,z directed effective mass equation is solved, is also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-local-density-of-states-in-the-on-state-from-the-3k0vowhx.png FIG. 4. ~a! The local density of states in the on-state, from the ballistic~left! and energy relaxed scattering models~right!. The first mode is also plotted~ otted line!. Note that coherent oscillations in the LDOS are washed out when scattering is turned on.~b! The charge density spectrum from the ballistic~left! and energy relaxed scattering models~right!, in the on state. In the ballistic limit, the source and drain injected populations can be clearly identified. When scattering is turned on, these populations are mixed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-i-ds-vs-vgs-characteristics-from-the-ballistic-solid-3aw6lkd2.png FIG. 5. ~a! I DS vs VGS characteristics from the ballistic~solid line! and energy relaxed scattering models~dashed line! for VDS50.4 V. The off current, from the scattering model is lower despite an increase in the tunneling current due to a broadening in the LDOS below the source-to-channel barrier. ~b! The off current vs channel length from the ballistic~solid line! and energy relaxed scattering models~dashed line!. Ballistic simulations are good enough to evaluate leakage and subthreshold characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-simulation-technique-for-nonnormal-data-with-us4hqmuxsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-skewness-axj-and-kurtosis-bxj-in-the-generator-3keuaal5.png Table 1 Skewness αXj and kurtosis βXj in the generator variables X1, . . . , X4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-s-a-simple-two-factor-model-3glwlpch.png Figure 2 . Model S: A simple two-factor model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bollens-political-democracy-model-dem60-democracy-1e1nxjer.png Figure 1 . Bollen’s political democracy model. dem60: Democracy in 1960. dem65: Democracy in 1965. ind60: Industrialisation in 1960. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-variance-and-percentage-rejection-rates-for-two-12frmk4a.png Table 2 Mean, variance and percentage rejection rates for two test statistics. TML: normal-theory based likelihood-ratio test statistic. TSB: Satorra and Bentler mean-adjusted test statistic. VM: data obtained with VM transform. IG: data obtained with IG transform. RR: rejection rate. Var: Variance. https://scispace.com/papers/a-sketch-based-interface-for-classifying-and-visualizing-28evhhdncf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-user-sketches-an-ellipse-pattern-and-the-3himalxo.png Figure 5: (a) The user sketches an ellipse pattern and the matching streamlines are displayed. (b) The user sketches a circular pattern and the most similar five templates are displayed from top to bottom. The user then picks the one on the top and the selected cluster is displayed. In the figure, the velocity magnitudes are mapped to the streamline colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-user-sketches-a-spiral-pattern-and-the-2odybwtq.png Figure 6: (a) The user sketches a spiral pattern and the matching streamlines are displayed. (b) The user sketches a long-tail pattern and the most similar five templates are displayed from top to bottom. The user then picks the one on the top and the selected cluster is displayed. In the figure, the velocity magnitudes are mapped to the streamline colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sketch-based-vector-field-visualization-process-8j6bfbwq.png Figure 1: The sketch-based vector field visualization process. The user can use sketching to find field lines (left branch) or field-line clusters (right branch) of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-examples-showing-the-sketching-of-similar-1wxvmg5h.png Figure 8: Examples showing the sketching of similar streamlines with different tolerance. More similar streamlines are orange and less similar ones are blue. The corresponding patterns sketched for (a)-(c) are the circular, curly, and spiral patterns, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-showing-the-sketching-of-similar-2loxu0if.png Figure 7: Examples showing the sketching of similar streamlines with different scales. large-scale streamlines are orange and small-scale ones are blue. The corresponding patterns sketched for (a)-(c) are the circular, curly, and long-tail patterns, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-the-sign-on-curvature-in-a-the-first-2czbq9pg.png Figure 2: Examples of the sign on curvature. In (a), the first four points (from left to right) have the positive sign while the rest three points have the negative sign. In (b), all points have the positive sign. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-c-show-the-simultaneous-display-of-multiple-e0jie615.png Figure 9: (a)-(c) show the simultaneous display of multiple clusters derived from the sketch-based clustering. Each cluster is illustrated with a different color. A selective subset of streamlines is displayed for each cluster. Compared with the corresponding images in Figure 4, this visualization shows a much clearer picture of the flow patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sampling-points-on-two-different-curves-yields-the-603tgtmn.png Figure 3: Sampling points on two different curves yields the same feature vector since in (a), the corner is not sampled. Taking into account the accumulated curvature can capture the difference between the two curves. https://scispace.com/papers/a-smart-cloud-based-system-for-the-weee-recovery-recycling-550jjrkgp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-eee-categories-8cvhuavb.png Table 1. Principal EEE Categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wr2cloud-business-model-bqjx5b51.png Figure 3. WR2Cloud Business Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lead-products-cloud-p7fyukge.png Figure 9 Lead Products Cloud https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-greenet-data-model-set-147fn0fd.png Figure 5. GREENet Data Model Set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cloud-based-weee-data-maintenance-3iwbi70m.png Figure 2. Cloud-based WEEE Data Maintenance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-qr-code-processors-3he4i6qt.png Figure 7. QR Code Processors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-layer-wr2cloud-2ualtndr.png Figure 4. Three-layer WR2Cloud https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-weee-management-module-h0rc0ey6.png Figure 8. WEEE Management Module https://scispace.com/papers/a-sliding-mode-observer-approach-for-attack-detection-and-29wiw4cuuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cacc-equipped-string-of-vehicles-the-v2v-communication-3ljy3ku0.png Fig. 1. CACC equipped string of vehicles. The V2V communication is implemented wirelessly, and is subjected to a class of cyber attacks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-graphical-illustration-of-the-osa-and-msa-threshold-2854isz1.png Fig. 2. A graphical illustration of the OSA and MSA threshold computations for the first three switching periods of the SMO. a) The EOI, the OSA and the MSA thresholds are drawn with solid lines, while the terms in eqs. (19) and (25) is drawn with dashed lines b) t̄ and t+ are hypothetical maxima calculated at t0 and t2 respectively, and t− is a measured time. The behaviour of 1,i is that of the worst case for each time period. These worst cases are used in calculating the thresholds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-attack-estimation-by-car-2-continuous-communication-3rky9ut9.png Fig. 4. Attack estimation by car 2, continuous communication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-attack-estimation-by-car-2-event-triggered-1ozlzd9r.png Fig. 5. Attack estimation by car 2, event-triggered communication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-scenario-for-attack-on-communication-2u818ps8.png Fig. 3. Simulation Scenario for attack on communication between car 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/a-software-based-instrument-for-testing-and-monitoring-multi-2q4n5eibwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-instruments-integration-in-a-dvb-s2-if-receiver-wohgq1c6.png Fig. 2. Instrument’s integration in a DVB-S2 IF receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-three-str-loop-internal-parameters-monitored-2bl5tkdh.png Fig. 4. The three STR loop internal parameters monitored during STR operation ((a): Timing Error Detector Output, (b) Loop Filter Output, (c): Interpolator Control Word). The calculated performance metrics related with this measurement are: Lock Time: 335.37 msec, Estimation Error Standard Deviation: 2.2425e-5 and Mean Norm. Estimated Error: 2.493725e-4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-instruments-architecture-38ciuv39.png Fig. 1. The instrument’s architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-receivers-synchronization-tab-of-the-matlab-based-obkfcmv8.png Fig. 3. The receiver’s synchronization tab of the MATLAB-based graphical user interface. https://scispace.com/papers/a-software-kit-for-automatic-voice-descrambling-107ggcuq42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-speechiness-values-scaled-and-normalized-for-same-1036mly1.png Figure 2. Speechiness values (scaled and normalized for same maximum) for a speech signal scrambled at 3400 Hz and descrambled with frequencies from 2000 Hz to 4000 Hz in 100 Hz steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recognition-rate-of-the-correct-descrambling-1vldqd0l.png Figure 5. Recognition rate of the correct descrambling configuration by reference scrambling configuration using the n = 1 and n = 5 best guesses; the combination measures show improvements for some configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-recognition-rate-of-the-correct-descrambling-1xo1hedw.png Figure 4. Recognition rate of the correct descrambling frequency by reference inversion frequency considering the n = 1 and n = 3 best guesses; the combinations are not displayed as they could not improve over the statistical measure. n = 5 for τacou shows that it is typically only off by little. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screen-shot-of-the-descrambler-interface-from-top-1dqsgb8f.png Figure 3. Screen shot of the descrambler interface; from top to bottom: original signal and spectrum, rolling code segmentation, descrambled signal spectrum, controls. Segmentation and per-segment descrambling configuration can be automatically computed and manually refined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectrogram-of-a-single-word-from-left-to-right-2jc7ljeq.png Figure 1. Spectrogram of a single word; from left to right: original, ring modulated (3400 Hz), additional high-pass and additional low-pass. The mirror effect of the ring modulation is clearly visible. https://scispace.com/papers/a-space-mapping-interpolating-surrogate-algorithm-for-highly-jcraoqwf9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-h-plane-filter-optimal-coarse-model-response-and-the-3vgl2d2z.png Fig. 11. H-plane filter optimal coarse-model response (—), and the HFSS (fine-model) response: (a) at the initial solution ( ) and (b) at the SMIS algorithm solution reached after three iterations ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-optimizable-parameter-values-of-the-six-section-h-1ymy8i24.png TABLE IV OPTIMIZABLE PARAMETER VALUES OF THE SIX-SECTION H-PLANE WAVEGUIDE FILTER https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-optimization-methods-used-on-the-seven-section-19nkxug4.png TABLE III OPTIMIZATION METHODS USED ON THE SEVEN-SECTION CAPACITIVELY LOADED IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-six-section-h-plane-waveguide-filter-7-a-physical-1bz72gq2.png Fig. 10. Six-section H-plane waveguide filter [7]. (a) Physical structure. (b) Coarse model as implemented in MATLAB . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-error-plots-for-a-two-section-capacitively-loaded-3dqus87x.png Fig. 1. Error plots for a two-section capacitively loaded impedance transformer [4] exhibiting the quasi-global effectiveness of SM (light grid) versus a classical Taylor approximation (dark grid). See text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-error-plots-for-a-two-section-capacitively-loaded-2uki65k7.png Fig. 2. Error plots for a two-section capacitively loaded impedance transformer [4] exhibiting the quasi-global effectiveness of SM-based interpolating surrogate, which exploits OSM (light grid) versus a classical Taylor approximation (dark grid). See text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-smis-concept-the-aim-is-to-h69o2db4.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the SMIS concept. The aim is to calibrate the mapped coarse model (the surrogate) to match the fine model using different input and output mappings for each sampled response. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seven-section-capacitively-loaded-impedance-rojwuk5o.png Fig. 4. Seven-section capacitively loaded impedance transformer: “Fine” model. https://scispace.com/papers/a-spatial-column-store-to-triangulate-the-netherlands-on-the-54ra6jujgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-and-data-sets-x9os7o5m.png Figure 1: Architecture and data sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-web-browser-viewer-26kmsz3x.png Figure 2: Web browser viewer https://scispace.com/papers/a-spatiotemporal-exploration-and-3d-modeling-of-blood-flow-umgae3ejv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-velocity-for-the-10-normal-subjects-in-cca-3gqtiab7.png Figure 10: Mean velocity for the 10 normal subjects in CCA, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vmax-at-the-peak-systolic-time-point-according-to-25j6g49s.png Figure 8: Vmax at the peak systolic time point according to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatiotemporal-velocity-pro-le-evolution-in-the-cca-31cmcg1d.png Figure 6: Spatiotemporal velocity pro le evolution in the CCA diameter (3.3 cm before bifurcation, l=128 according to Figure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-velocity-di-erence-between-vpixel-located-at-the-13tr4ul1.png Figure 12: Velocity di erence between Vpixel located at the three key sites in CCA, ECA and ICA and VMRImax over the https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-10n5jeah.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-31j8r1he.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2dafuai5.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-psv-and-edv-pro-les-at-several-levels-see-figure-5-3jpcx329.png Figure 7: PSV and EDV pro les at several levels (see Figure 5) of the bifurcation carotid artery according to PC-MRI data for https://scispace.com/papers/a-stark-future-for-quantum-control-5488uf7j5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-switched-wavepacket-optical-kerr-effect-signal-p3udsdcf.png Figure 5. (Top) Switched wavepacket optical Kerr effect signal from CO2 as a function of probe delay time at 300 Torr and 300 K. At ∆t < 0, the probe monitors the adiabatic alignment generated by the slowly rising edge of the aligning pulse. At ∆t > 0, the aligning pulse has been rapidly truncated, and field-free wavepacket revivals are seen with a spacing of 10.7 ps )1/8B. (Bottom) Fourier transform of the optical Kerr effect signal from CO2 at 300 Torr and 300 K. Combs indicating progressions of lines corresponding to the fundamental, difference, and sum frequencies are shown. Each progression consists of lines with a measured spacing corresponding to 8B, with B ) 0.39 cm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-definition-of-angles-tho-and-ths-the-laboratory-hvgo6leh.png Figure 6. Definition of angles ϑO and ϑS. The laboratory frame is defined by the polarization direction of the two laser pulses (the z-axis) and the polarization directions of the two linearly polarized alignment pulses; the first pulse is polarized along the x-axis and the second along the y-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fractional-change-in-the-br-br-branching-ratio-13xqu98t.png Figure 11. Fractional change in the Br*/Br branching ratio relative to the case when no DSC field is applied. The branching fraction is measured by taking the ratio of the integrated intensities of the two peaks in Figure 11 as a function of ∆t, the control pulse time delay. At early and late delays, the field-free branching ratio is observed, demonstrating the reversible nature of the DSC interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-experimental-iodine-atom-recoil-speed-3jj5rj8q.png Figure 10. Experimental iodine atom recoil speed distributions showing the relative branching into I + Br and I + Br* product channels in the DSC-mediated photodissociation of IBr as a function of control pulse delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-used-in-a-z1pkozt9.png Figure 4. Schematic of the experimental setup used in a switched wave packet experiment. An ethylene glycol jet is used in conjunction with an intense fs laser pulse to create a plasma shutter that produces a “switched” alignment pulse with a rise time of 150 ps and a fall time of 170 fs. This is then used to generate periodically recurring, field-free macroscopic alignment in a cell containing a gaseous sample. The induced alignment is probed by making use of the optical Kerr effect, as described in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dsc-of-ibr-dissociation-an-excited-state-wavepacket-6hezx24r.png Figure 9. DSC of IBr dissociation. An excited-state wavepacket traverses a nonadiabatic crossing, correlating to either I + Br(2P3/2) or I + Br*(2P1/2) products. As the IBr molecule dissociates, an ultrafast, nonresonant IR field is used to dynamically modify the adiabatic potential barrier (inset) via the Stark effect, mediating the reaction outcome. Because no transitions to other electronic states are involved, the system always remains on these two coupled potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-illustration-with-stark-shifts-greatly-1l6p1lrf.png Figure 8. Schematic illustration (with Stark shifts greatly exaggerated) of the DSC approach to chemical control. A full discussion of the process is given in the main text. For clarity, the adiabatic representation of the excited-state potentials is only shown for the field-free case, and only the Stark shifts that are directly relevant to the modification of the dynamics for each of the type 1 and type 2 strategies are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-open-bars-relative-population-of-the-initial-states-1jr1fyjy.png Figure 1. Open bars: relative population of the initial states of tertbutyliodide at a temperature of 1 K. Only the populations (including MJ degeneracy) in the K ) 0 subset of states is shown. Full bars: relative population among the J states in the wave packet excited from the |JKMJ〉 ) |000〉 initial state by a laser pulse with an intensity of 6 × 1012 W/cm2 and a temporal duration of 1 ps. The figure is adapted from Bisgaard, C. Z. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aarhus, 2006. https://scispace.com/papers/a-strategy-proof-pricing-scheme-for-multiple-resource-type-4076eudjxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-payment-scheme-f1c0cu4t.png Table 1. Proposed Payment Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-varying-market-diversity-2a7t16dr.png Table 4. Varying Market Diversity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-varying-the-degree-of-untruthfulness-in-a-balanced-15rgu6p2.png Figure 4. Varying the Degree of Untruthfulness in a Balanced Market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-varying-number-of-resource-types-2fmub5sy.png Figure 5. Varying Number of Resource Types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-market-based-resource-allocation-1neicmk4.png Figure 1. Market-based Resource Allocation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-combinatorial-auctions-and-proposed-258sgtd1.png Table 5. Comparison of Combinatorial Auctions and Proposed Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-welfare-and-resource-allocation-2iockvsh.png Table 2. Total Welfare and Resource Allocation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generalized-market-maker-algorithm-1eliogou.png Figure 3. Generalized Market-Maker Algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-about-hci-in-practice-of-interactive-system-3b87yay5yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-by-category-for-use-1wl9d9sk.png Figure 4: Results by category for Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hci-categories-x-se-categories-6h7kxr3l.png Table 2: HCI categories x SE categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-by-country-for-use-categories-1-and-12-3e70lrrx.png Figure 6: Results by country for Use – Categories 1 and 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-by-category-for-knowledge-1x01ruro.png Figure 3: Results by category for Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-by-country-for-knowledge-categories-1-and-1h53wrsz.png Figure 5: Results by country for Knowledge – Categories 1 and 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hci-categories-x-examples-3796wwwh.png Table 1: HCI categories x Examples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-extract-of-the-questionnaire-adapted-qrix4x23.png Figure 1: Simplified extract of the questionnaire (adapted from [7]) https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-about-performance-and-robustness-of-model-predictive-47flgkwbwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-models-15-and-16-for-the-wec-1g542bjr.png Table 2. Parameters of the models (15) and (16) for the WEC system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-control-parameter-set-for-the-sea-state-defined-by-2ju62sdg.png Table 4. Control parameter set for the sea state defined by the JONSWAP spectrum (3 m of significant wave height and 11 s of peak period). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-of-the-instantaneous-mechanical-powers-2xjo89q1.png Figure 4. Simulation of the instantaneous mechanical powers generated by the WEC system when applying the seven controllers to the mathematical model (15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-wave-force-force-setpoint-demanded-and-real-force-a1xei9yi.png Figure 10. Wave force, force setpoint demanded and real force produced by the PTO, by applying the MPC5 to the model (15), which has an added uncertainty to the hydrostatic restoring coefficient of 25%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-models-complete-z1-w1-vs-simplified-37s19jco.png Figure 3. Comparison of models: complete (z1, w1) vs. simplified (z2, w2). The height of the wave is n. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hard-and-soft-constraints-for-the-wec-system-29kl5e2x.png Table 3. Hard and soft constraints for the WEC system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrative-scheme-point-absorber-wave-paw-system-32r1khio.png Figure 1. Illustrative scheme: point absorber wave (PAW) system of the W2POWER platform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-of-the-extracted-mechanical-power-as-a-b0cgpl03.png Figure 8. Variation of the extracted mechanical power as a function of the prediction time for MPC1 and MPC3 (control parameters listed in Table 4). https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-developments-and-applications-of-mixed-reality-54l3gvqlvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mobile-device-view-inside-immersive-mixed-reality-ar-3m3a6app.png Fig. 6 mobile device view inside immersive mixed-reality (AR) cubicle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-accelerometer-mass-e9xy3gvg.png Fig. 5 Accelerometer mass https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participation-overview-by-country-and-institution-161g2765.png Table 1 Participation overview by country and institution https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-respondents-3fj6vydn.png Table 2 Summary of respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-respondents-familiarity-with-mixed-reality-2qjs4cw6.png Table 3 Respondent’s familiarity with mixed reality technology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ar-immersive-cubicle-3dvpter4.png Fig. 3 AR immersive cubicle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-technical-flowchart-for-video-see-through-augmented-6wxlw3c2.png Fig. 4 Technical flowchart for video see-through augmented reality on mobile devices [32] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-vr-environments-santas-company-2013-1ye2wn2c.png Fig. 2 Examples of VR environments. (Santa’s Company, 2013) https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-fast-bunch-rotation-in-the-negative-mass-region-2r7jxtyiz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolutioh-of-bunch-length-and-momentum-spread-3sgaxpxg.png Figure 4: Evolutioh of bunch length and momentum spread during compression of a bunch having Σ = −12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-bunch-length-and-momentum-spread-3711mf27.png Figure 3: Evolution of bunch length and momentum spread during compression of a bunch having Σ = −6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-on-the-simulation-parameters-s1fjspqx.png Table 1: Overview on the simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-space-charge-impedance-seen-by-the-beam-21ods3r9.png Figure 1: Space charge impedance seen by the beam. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-multi-parent-crossover-operators-in-a-memetic-27x8fkektt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-results-on-the-15-large-random-18fmt934.png Table 2. Computational results on the 15 large random instances with 3000 to 5000 variables: average objective function values over 10 runs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-best-population-solution-quality-evolving-with-the-2timoeuq.png Fig. 1. Best population solution quality evolving with the generation iterations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparisons-of-the-four-crossover-operators-in-terms-1ij899si.png Fig. 2. Comparisons of the four crossover operators in terms of population diversity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tradeoffs-between-ts-and-crossover-operator-29av86n8.png Fig. 3. Tradeoffs between TS and crossover operator https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-results-on-the-15-large-random-3f2w39xr.png Table 1. Computational results on the 15 large random instances with 3000 to 5000 variables: best values (succ rate) https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-kinematical-correlations-between-charmed-21ks07exif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-and-p2t-dd-distributions-the-lines-show-for-vacn6epf.png Figure 3: and p2T (DD) distributions. The lines show for comparison the results of the NLO QCD calculation for < k2T >= 1GeV 2 =c 2 (solid) and < k2T >= 2GeV 2 =c 2 (dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-and-r-m-s-of-the-correlation-variables-3rtadxp2.png Table 1: Mean values and r.m.s. of the correlation variables. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-resolution-function-on-a-mieze-spectrometer-45sk0go0ws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-figure-3-the-variable-numbers-are-xs-92w0cwz6.png Table 1. Parameters for figure 3. The variable numbers are xs and ys. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-figure-4-the-variable-numbers-are-zs-1y1tm9r2.png Table 2. Parameters for figure 4. The variable numbers are zs and zd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-red-blue-green-correspond-to-t-1-6-0-8-0-3-ns-16gkivvf.png Figure 8. Red, blue, green correspond to τ = 1.6, 0.8, 0.3 ns, respectively. The experimental data with zd = 10mm is normalized by the MC simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-result-of-cmieze-t-0-with-the-variable-20q4kkm0.png Figure 4. Simulation result of CMIEZE(t = 0) with the variable numbers of zs and zd. Line is zs = 35mm and zd = 5mm. Dashed line is zs = 5mm and zd = 35mm. S(Q):core shell model(see table 4 and 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-for-figure-5-the-variable-number-is-zd-1y56ionh.png Table 3. Parameters for figure 5. The variable number is zd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-result-of-cmieze-t-0-by-changing-the-xs-1inzop2s.png Figure 3. Simulation result of CMIEZE(t = 0) by changing the xs and ys. Both of xd and zd are 15mm. The xs = 1mm, xs = 2mm, xs = 3mm and xs = 4mm are shown in red, green, blue and black, respectively. S(Q):constant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameters-for-mieze-experiment-zwati2x8.png Table 6. Parameters for MIEZE experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-red-bule-green-correspond-to-t-1-6-0-8-0-3ns-2xqwvwg0.png Figure 7. Red, bule, green correspond to τ = 1.6, 0.8, 0.3ns, respectively. The experimental data and the MC simulation with zd = 55mm are dots and lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-polynuclear-aromatic-hydrocarbons-on-an-amino-p1asqw34yr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-capacity-factors-k-for-selected-pnas-on-the-amino-1eetrana.png Table VI Capacity. Factors, k', for Selected PNAs on the Amino Bonded Column in the Reversed Phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-coefficients-of-determinar-ion-for-plots-of-log-i-3w0rveoa.png Table IV Coefficients of Determinar.ion for Plots of Log I Versus D Energy for Different N-Conta~ning Packings 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-retention-of-three-pnas-on-chromosorb-lc-9-using-dcoj7kvm.png Table VII Retention of Three PNAs on Chromosorb LC-9 Using Varying Percentages of Methanol/Water and Acetonitrile/Water https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-equations-describing-the-relationship-between-log-i-uc3c585c.png Table V Equations Describing the Relationship Between Log I and Number of Aromatic Carbons in Catacondensed PNAs https://scispace.com/figures/table-111-comparhon-of-coeffldente-of-determt-natlo-r-2-for-39fnl2d3.png TABLE 111 Comparhon of Coeffldente of Determt"natlo~, r 2, for Plou of Los I venus Solute Paraaieten8 https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-on-a-bionic-pattern-classifier-based-on-olfactory-32eh1dpv9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-of-the-test-data-set-1o3rdqel.png Fig. 4. Sample of the test data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-2hpawb89.png Fig. 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-classification-performance-of-kiii-46fexrsa.png Fig. 5. Classification performance of KIII. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topology-of-the-kiii-network-adapted-from-chang-317bh99r.png Fig. 1. Topology of the KIII network. Adapted from [Chang & Freeman, 1998a]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-result-using-kiii-19j5hu7j.png Table 1. Classification result — using KIII. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-results-comparison-tl7ollmt.png Table 2. Classification results — comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-phase-map-of-m1-g1-e-i-a-b-m1-m2-a-without-3snhmjy9.png Fig. 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-output-of-several-nodes-of-kiii-network-with-no-30xtf0d8.png Fig. 2. Output of several nodes of KIII network with no stimulus. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-sspe-early-clinical-features-180tk8ij8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-t2-weighted-mri-showing-increased-signal-in-the-2v33oe87.png Figure 3. T2 weighted MRI showing increased signal in the parieto-occipital white matter and grey matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-imaging-findings-1bmnz7sw.png Figure 2. Imaging findings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uncommon-clinical-features-at-initial-examination-in8gbehy.png Table 1. Uncommon clinical features at initial examination https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-present-and-past-study-from-our-3b8fklpb.png Table 2. Comparison of present and past study from our department https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-t2-weighted-mri-showing-increased-signal-in-the-2c3ftm6r.png Figure 4. T2 weighted MRI showing increased signal in the parieto-occipital white matter and grey matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clinical-symptomatology-oqsg6371.png Figure 1. Clinical symptomatology. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-on-reliability-differentiated-pricing-of-long-term-5xpae1yhlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-four-bus-power-system-for-sample-rate-calculations-3id42dp8.png Fig. 2. Four-Bus Power System for Sample Rate Calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-customer-demand-and-the-supply-curves-of-electricity-3g9t0m90.png Fig. 1. Customer Demand and the Supply Curves of Electricity. https://scispace.com/papers/a-sub-picosecond-photon-pulse-facility-for-slac-36p9kpxnh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-undulator-spectrum-through-the-120th-harmonic-2cndxkc2.png Figure 12. Undulator spectrum through the 120th harmonic integrated over the emittance-defined angular aperture of the fundamental. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-of-an-undulator-optimized-for-8-3-kev-152ky6dg.png Table 4. Parameters of an undulator optimized for 8.3 keV photon energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wavelength-chirp-and-selection-with-a-multi-layer-1buzjbcc.png Figure 2. Wavelength chirp and selection with a multi-layer https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-some-of-the-electron-bunch-parameters-and-the-main-3xonl9wp.png Table 6. Some of the electron bunch parameters and the main properties of the spontaneous radiation are listed. The parameters of an alternative option of producing ultra-short pulses via time slicing with multi-layers (discussed in Section 2-i) are also listed in Table 6 and are indicated with a *. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-radiation-far-field-target-geometry-in-normalized-2im70hay.png Figure 10. Radiation far-field target geometry in normalized angle space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vertical-photon-beam-parameters-vs-vertical-3s3net2y.png Figure 8 Vertical photon beam parameters vs. vertical electron β-function. σp,hutch is for αe-= βe-/D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-horizontal-photon-beam-parameters-vs-horizontal-2f486zio.png Figure 7 Horizontal photon beam parameters vs. horizontal electron β-function. σp,hutch is for αe-= βe-/D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-design-construction-and-commissioning-stages-b3ln580w.png Figure 14. Design, construction and commissioning stages. https://scispace.com/papers/a-successful-professional-development-program-in-history-2ml639yrj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-participating-schools-teachers-and-3szwd53s.png Table 1 Overview of participating schools, teachers and students. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-timeline-of-the-pdp-with-the-instruments-that-were-44f11z13.png Fig. 2. Timeline of the PDP with the instruments that were used to answer the research questions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-individual-teachers-instructional-behavior-in-1lpblenp.png Table 6 Individual teachers' instructional behavior in observations and logs (n¼ 16). - Objectives: mean of the scores on the 5 objectives for the extent to which teachers focused on the objectives (1¼ not or only once; 2¼ repeatedly). - Students' engagement: mean of the scores to what extent teachers actively engaged students in reaching the objectives (1¼ no engagement; 2¼ active engagement). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-student-learning-gains-resulting-from-the-oyde03t5.png Table 7 Mean student learning gains resulting from the difference between pre- and post-test and the time teachers spent on Timewise and regular history lessons (n¼ 16). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-framework-for-studying-the-effects-of-a56yi3yt.png Fig. 1. Conceptual framework for studying the effects of professional development on teachers and students (Desimone, 2009, p.185). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-teachers-beliefs-about-the-teaching-of-the-2h1btch9.png Table 3 Teachers' beliefs about the teaching of the understanding of historical time before and o https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-results-of-teachers-with-regard-to-their-3g5twuj2.png Table 4 Mean results of teachers with regard to their feeling of competence in knowledge and skills for teaching the understanding of historical time, before and since the PDP (n¼ 12). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-instructional-behavior-as-reported-in-141-logs-and-2dp674b6.png Table 5 Instructional behavior as reported in 141 logs and observed in one lesson in percentages https://scispace.com/papers/a-supramolecular-chain-of-dimeric-dy-single-molecule-magnets-4c2lwnxd3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-the-dimer-found-in-dyazo-dy-teal-2rerzpzy.png Figure 1. Representation of the dimer found in DyAZO (Dy, teal; O, red; C, grey; N, blue; S, yellow). Hydrogen atoms and free solvent molecules omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hysteresis-curves-measured-for-dyazo-black-and-2t6ktb5a.png Figure 7. Hysteresis curves measured for DyAZO (black) and YDyAZO (red) at 0.5 K with a sweep rate of 15.5 Oe.s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relaxation-times-as-a-function-of-the-temperature-wt323oxa.png Figure 6. Relaxation times as a function of the temperature for DyAZO (filled symbols) and YDyAZO (empty symbols), measured with Hdc = 0 Oe (squares) and Hdc = 1200 Oe (circles). Red lines are the best fits discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-experimental-black-dot-and-calculated-red-1v94v30x.png Figure 3. (left) Experimental (black dot) and calculated (red curve) temperature dependence of the χMT product for DyAZO and field dependence of the magnetization at 2 K in inset. (right) Orientation of the calculated easy magnetization axes for the ground state of the Dy3+ centers (Dy, teal; O, red; C, grey; N, blue; S, yellow). https://scispace.com/papers/a-survey-of-semantic-image-and-video-annotation-tools-10gkrpgxvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-video-annotation-using-via-1a1xgv3x.png Fig. 9. Example video annotation using VIA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-example-video-annotation-using-videoannex-12nwdnjx.png Fig. 10. Example video annotation using VideoAnnEx. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-image-annotation-using-photostuff-3sd4uirq.png Fig. 3. Example image annotation using PhotoStuff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-image-annotation-using-m-ontomat-annotizer-t97tuhya.png Fig. 5. Example image annotation using M-Ontomat-Annotizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-image-annotation-using-kat-yp4po6th.png Fig. 2. Example image annotation using KAT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-video-annotation-using-elan-1j9x9j2u.png Fig. 13. Example video annotation using Elan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-example-video-annotation-using-anvil-1911xc80.png Fig. 14. Example video annotation using Anvil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-example-video-annotation-using-ontolog-29gs9g4d.png Fig. 11. Example video annotation using Ontolog. https://scispace.com/papers/a-survey-of-the-australasian-clinical-medical-physics-and-3u1xsvj34s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recommended-and-actual-sizes-of-the-medical-2yg67jgh.png Table 2. Recommended and actual sizes of the medical workforce in Germany, Australia and New Zealand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-average-salaries-of-the-various-disciplines-in-1hznzbl6.png Figure 12. The average salaries of the various disciplines in New Zealand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-experience-level-of-the-australian-and-new-3s7pllsy.png Figure 4. The experience level of the Australian and New Zealand biomedical engineer workforce. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-average-salaries-of-radiation-oncology-3c7id0l8.png Figure 5. The average salaries of radiation oncology physicists in different jurisdictions for different levels of experience. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-average-salaries-of-the-various-disciplines-in-3f0r20ii.png Figure 11. The average salaries of the various disciplines in Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-average-salaries-of-biomedical-engineers-in-1153d0t8.png Figure 10. The average salaries of biomedical engineers in Australia and New Zealand for different levels of experience. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-breakdown-of-the-medical-physics-and-biomedical-1wxr83sy.png Table 1. A breakdown of the medical physics and biomedical engineering workforce in Australia and New Zealand. All numbers are in EFTs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-average-salaries-of-radiation-oncology-3lewgq8x.png Figure 6. The average salaries of radiation oncology physicists in Australia and New Zealand for different levels of experience. https://scispace.com/papers/a-survey-of-the-hysteretic-duhem-model-34d6p8ej8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-y-t-versus-u-t-2ensza3z.png Fig. 14: y(t) versus u(t) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-ph-u-versus-psu-for-0-4-the-marker-corresponds-to-the-2xq6bf7h.png Fig. 16: ϕ◦u(%) versus ψu(%) for % ∈ [0, %4]. The marker ◦ corresponds to the point ( ψu(%1), ϕ◦u(%1) ) whilst the marker ? corresponds to the point ( ψu(%3 = %5), ϕ◦u(%3 = %5) ) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-input-u-t-versus-time-t-7nuamyli.png Fig. 13: Input u(t) versus time t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-psu-versus-for-0-3-we-have-1-1-2-1-5-3-5-2-4-3-2a5j59ny.png Fig. 15: ψu(%) versus % for % ∈ [0, 3]. We have %1 = 1, %2 = 1.5, %3 = %5 = 2, %4 = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ph-u-versus-psu-for-0-2-3en35qg0.png Fig. 8: ϕ◦u (%) versus ψu(%) for % ∈ [0, 2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-path-p1-p2-is-part-of-the-major-loop-the-path-p2-224mz6e8.png Fig. 2: The path P1 → P2 is part of the major loop. The path P2 → P3 → P2 is a minor loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ph-u-versus-psu-for-0-2-1c9d0gur.png Fig. 9: ϕ◦u(%) versus ψu(%) for % ∈ [0, 2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graph-force-displacement-with-hysteresis-2qu0ru2z.png Fig. 1: Graph “Force–Displacement” with hysteresis. https://scispace.com/papers/a-survey-on-stably-dissipative-lotka-volterra-systems-with-vxtfccvp69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-graph-g-a-and-its-reduced-form-r-a-prqwsxxi.png Figure 2. A graph G(A) and its reduced form R(A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-g-a-e-associated-with-a-system-of-type-1-1qolb5fa.png Figure 1. Graph G(A, ε) associated with a system of type (1). https://scispace.com/papers/a-synthetic-single-stranded-dual-template-oligonucleotide-as-4gs34yinae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standard-curves-the-starting-quantity-is-the-copy-2vrhw1q8.png Figure 2. Standard Curves. The Starting Quantity is the copy number of the DTO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-melting-profiles-dissociation-curves-for-the-2b7rqkmq.png Figure 3. Melting profiles (dissociation curves) for the telomere and beta-globin (HBB) products, obtained at the end of the MMqPCR. Green curve: starting template at the beginning of the MMqPCR was genomic DNA; blue curve: starting template was the single-stranded dual-template oligonucleotide (DTO). The peak at about 80°C is for the telomere PCR product, and the peak at about 90.5°C is for the GC-clamped HBB PCR product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-t-s-ratios-and-mean-terminal-restriction-fragment-2cfb5if5.png Figure 4. T/S ratios and mean Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) lengths for 48 Utah CEPH individuals. The y-intercept (3980 bp) is interpreted as the mean length of the subtelomeric DNA segment between the restriction enzyme’s cut site and the beginning of the true telomere sequence repeats. The intra-assay geometric mean of the coefficient of variation of T/S for these 48 DNA samples was 5.99%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t-s-ratios-decline-with-age-in-both-females-and-3u1wi1k1.png Figure 5. T/S ratios decline with age in both females and males. Pink circles, females (n=29); blue squares, males (n=19). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermal-profile-2h9ci6tn.png Figure 1. Thermal profile. https://scispace.com/papers/a-synergetic-brain-machine-interfacing-paradigm-for-multi-53asz2w718 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bmi-adaptive-scheme-employed-in-this-paper-2cfvyqag.png Fig. 4. BMI adaptive scheme employed in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-the-tacit-learning-based-synergetic-17k4c0jo.png Fig. 5. Block diagram of the tacit learning-based synergetic motor control paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-online-performance-on-multijoint-robot-arm-3en4vzp4.png TABLE III ONLINE PERFORMANCE ON MULTIJOINT ROBOT ARM ADAPTIVE BMI CONTROL WITH DIFFERENT LOAD CONDITIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-topographical-plot-of-brain-activation-during-500-to-cnr6p7rq.png Fig. 6. Topographical plot of brain activation during −500 to 1000 ms for (a) left-hand MI and (b) right-hand MI for subject 6.0 ms marks the onset of the task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-trace-of-the-movement-of-the-robot-arm-during-1o4e7bli.png Fig. 10. Trace of the movement of the robot arm during simultaneous multiDOF robot control which is driven by the subject motor intention through co-adaptive BMI. The robot is holding (a) 300 g load, (b) 600 g load. The joint angle variance on shoulder and wrist for the heavier weight condition has become half compared to lighter weight condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-subject-performing-the-online-control-of-multi-dof-7u10o1ny.png Fig. 9. Subject performing the online control of multi-DOF robot in a simultaneous way by using co-adaptive BMI. The black dots indicate the targets for the subjects in the vertical plane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-training-results-of-the-decoder-during-no-adaptation-2z6xl29z.png TABLE I TRAINING RESULTS OF THE DECODER DURING NO ADAPTATION AND ADAPTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bmi-paradigm-employed-in-this-paper-for-simultaneous-64opg4ht.png Fig. 1. BMI paradigm employed in this paper for simultaneous control of multi-DOFs robot using adaptive left-right MI decoder and synergetic motor learning for peripheric joint redundancy management. The black dots indicate the targets for the subjects in the vertical plane. https://scispace.com/papers/a-switching-algorithm-for-global-exponential-stabilization-3k13fi59tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-closed-loop-signals-with-initial-condition-0-0-0-0-1-1-2qolge4e.png Fig. 2. Closed-loop signals with initial condition( (0) (0) (0)) = (0 1 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-closed-loop-signals-with-initial-condition-0-0-0-1-1-1-2tj2u7zx.png Fig. 1. Closed-loop signals with initial condition( (0) (0) (0)) = (1 1 1). https://scispace.com/papers/a-system-for-visualizing-and-analyzing-the-evolution-of-the-2i99c00xci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-more-detailed-view-of-the-p2p-evolution-15qu6hi2.png Figure 4: More detailed view of the P2P evolution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-screen-snapshot-of-webrelievo-14w0nek5.png Figure 1: A screen snapshot of WebRelievo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-link-spamming-around-google-com-using-results-of-24fgnmr7.png Figure 6: Link spamming around google.com (Using results of RPA as relationships) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-search-engines-for-mobile-phone-1go0a80o.png Figure 5: Evolution of search engines for mobile phone internet services https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-web-archives-2e2njhsq.png Table 1: Details of web archives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-overview-3n2hm0ei.png Figure 2: Architecture overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-link-spamming-around-google-com-showing-hyperlinks-2jz9tx7m.png Figure 7: Link spamming around google.com (Showing hyperlinks between hubs and authorities) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-p2p-file-sharing-systems-in-the-30tm30o9.png Figure 3: Evolution of P2P file sharing systems in the cluster view https://scispace.com/papers/a-system-to-evaluate-the-performance-of-insulated-tubulars-4kz80ao1s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustrates-the-observed-variations-in-steam-2jlgjh59.png Figure 6 illustrates the observed variations in steam, tubular and casing temperature at the 20 m level during this pe.dod. The string temperature tracks the steam temperature very closely. This is expected in light of the small heat capacity of the tubular. Although the heat transfer rate to the casing is quite high for this bare tubular, the casing heats up more slowly since it is in contact with the formation, a large heat sink. https://scispace.com/papers/a-systematic-retrieval-analysis-of-secondary-eclipse-spectra-2ldjxuaftz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-to-generate-the-fictitious-model-37d0ez93.png Table 1 Parameters Used to Generate the Fictitious Model Atmosphere and Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marginalized-posterior-probability-distributions-2y45dhdi.png Figure 6. Marginalized posterior probability distributions for each of the retrieved gases (rows) and observational scenario (columns). In each panel, the probability distribution for each retrieval technique are shown in different colors. The Gaussian probability distributions from optimal estimation are in red, differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo in blue, and bootstrap Monte Carlo in green. The priors for each gas are the dot-dashed red curve. The true answer is the vertical black line. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numerical-summary-of-the-retrieval-results-for-k5pnusi9.png Table 3 Numerical Summary of the Retrieval Results for Several Parameters as Derived from Each Retrieval Technique and Observational Scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthetic-planet-atmosphere-and-spectrum-top-left-3qx3av7h.png Figure 2. Synthetic planet atmosphere and spectrum. Top left: model temperature–pressure profile. The solid curve is the temperature profile and the dashed curve is the averaged thermal emission contribution function, or where the emission in the atmosphere is coming from. The temperature profile is constructed using Equations (13)–(16) and the parameters in Table 1. Top right: thermal emission contribution function. This plot shows where the emission is coming from as a function of wavelength, smoothed to a resolution of 0.05 μm. Red corresponds to the peak of the thermal emission weighting functions, where the optical depth is unity, and blue represents zero emission. Most emission emanates between a few bars and 0.01 bars with deeper layers probed by shorter wavelengths. Bottom left: resulting spectrum smoothed to a resolution of 0.05 μm. Blackbodies for the hottest, coolest, and average temperatures are shown. The dotted curves at the bottom are the filter profiles for typical photometric observations. Bottom right: gas Jacobian generate from Equation (9). This plot shows the sensitivity of the flux contrast as a function of wavelength to the various absorbers (the units are arbitrary but consistent). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fits-to-the-three-different-sets-of-data-columns-ntgvgv3r.png Figure 5. Fits to the three different sets of data (columns) from each of the three different retrieval techniques (rows). The first scenario consists of the four IRAC photometry channels. The second scenario consists of the four IRAC photometry channels, ground-based H- and Ks-band photometry, and HST WFC3 spectroscopy. The third scenario is representative of a FINESSE-like future, spaceborne telescope. The best fits from each scenario and technique are shown in light blue. The light-blue circles with the black borders are the best fits binned to the data. The chi-squared per data point from the optimal estimation best-fit broadband scenario, multi-instrument scenario, and future telescope scenario are, respectively, 0.197, 0.686, and 0.955. The bootstrap Monte Carlo and the differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches generate many thousands of spectra. The median of these spectra is shown in blue and the 1σ and 2σ spread in the spectra are shown in dark- and light-red, respectively. The best fit from the thousands of spectra are shown in light blue. The best-fit reduce-chi-squares from BMC and DEMC are of similar values to those from OE. The dotted curves at the bottom of each panel are the broadband filter transmission functions. The insets are a zoom in of a spectral region between 1 and 2 μm to better show the spread in the spectra. Note that there is virtually no spread in the spectra for the future telescope case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-profile-posteriors-for-each-1vnuj8tl.png Figure 9. Temperature profile posteriors for each observational scenario (columns) and each retrieval technique (rows). The solid black curve in each panel is the true temperature profile constructed with Equations (13)–(16) and the parameters in Table 1. The dashed black curve is constructed from the temperature parameters, xa, just as in Figure 4. The blue curve is the median temperature profile. The light blue curve in each panel is the best-fit temperature profile for the corresponding scenario and technique. The dark and light red regions are the 1σ and 2σ (68% and 95%) uncertainties, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-marginalized-posterior-probability-distributions-3005gekc.png Figure 12. Marginalized posterior probability distributions for each of the retrieved gases (rows) and observational scenario (columns) using the Level-by-Level temperature profile approach. In each panel, the posteriors for optimal estimation (red) and bootstrap Monte Carlo (green) are shown. The Gaussian priors for each gas are shown with the dot-dashed red curve. The true answer is the vertical black line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-marginalized-posterior-probability-distributions-s70k42mk.png Figure 8. Marginalized posterior probability distributions for each of the retrieved temperature parameters (rows) and observational scenario (columns). In each panel, the probability distribution for each retrieval technique are shown in different colors. The Gaussian probability distributions from optimal estimation are in red, differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo in blue, and bootstrap Monte Carlo in green. The priors for each gas are the dot-dashed red curve. The true answer is the vertical black line. https://scispace.com/papers/a-tailored-computation-of-the-mean-dynamic-topography-for-a-1afkz83sah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-geodetic-mean-dynamic-topography-itg-mdt-and-hu3vx6id.png Fig. 3 Estimated geodetic mean dynamic topography ITG MDT and the corresponding standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ifeom-heat-transport-pw-as-a-function-of-latitude-and-2w33ph4i.png Fig. 8 IFEOM heat transport (PW) as a function of latitude and independent estimates with error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ifeom-estimates-of-mean-dynamic-topography-a-from-o2gn7cjn.png Fig. 5 IFEOM estimates of mean dynamic topography (a) from hydrography alone; (b) additionally with the geodetic MDT; (c) difference of (b)−(a); (d) difference between (b) and a run where all off-diagonal weights for the MDT have been set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mdt-estimates-along-the-meridian-44-5-w-ifeom-first-3pgqo7m9.png Fig. 6 MDT estimates along the meridian 44.5◦W: IFEOM first guess (red), IFEOM estimate with geodetic ITG MDT (blue), ITG MDT (black). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-over-individual-processing-steps-from-2qw1y9j2.png Fig. 1 Overview over individual processing steps from corrected sea surface heights (SSH) of Jason-1 and Envisat to the combined mean profile including its full covariance matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-progression-of-relative-weights-1-s2i-for-the-yize5zbb.png Table 1 Progression of relative weights 1/σ2i for the different observation groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-zonally-averaged-difference-in-temperature-top-and-2awyycqp.png Fig. 7 Zonally averaged difference in temperature (top) and salinity (bottom) between the solution with geodetic ITG MDT and the first guess. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-combined-profile-h-and-its-corresponding-3elf7kp3.png Fig. 2 Mean combined profile h and its corresponding covariance matrix Σ { h } . https://scispace.com/papers/a-tentative-exploration-of-the-effects-of-brexit-on-foreign-57fsgtzzte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-big-4-vis-a-vis-uk-fdi-flows-31jsvmew.png FIGURE 5"BIG 4" VIS-À-VIS UK FDI FLOWS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11share-of-eu-a-in-greenfield-fdi-capital-expenditure-20vk42qj.png FIGURE 11SHARE OF EU (a) IN GREENFIELD FDI CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ANNOUNCED BY US COMPANIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8greenfield-fdi-projects-announced-by-other-eu-a-2r59sh0x.png FIGURE 8GREENFIELD FDI PROJECTS ANNOUNCED BY OTHER EU (a) COMPANIES IN THE UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10uk-share-of-greenfield-fdi-projects-and-capital-5ylywgdi.png FIGURE 10UK SHARE OF GREENFIELD FDI PROJECTS AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ANNOUNCED BY US COMPANIES IN THE EU (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9greenfield-fdi-capital-expenditure-announced-by-7k695s26.png FIGURE 9GREENFIELD FDI CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ANNOUNCED BY OTHER EU (a) COMPANIES IN THE UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6ireland-vis-a-vis-uk-fdi-flows-1agqf7e3.png FIGURE 6IRELAND VIS-À-VIS UK FDI FLOWS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7fdi-flows-between-the-uk-and-the-us-583mrfjy.png FIGURE 7FDI FLOWS BETWEEN THE UK AND THE US https://scispace.com/papers/a-test-of-whether-millet-acreage-in-niger-is-determined-by-m7k6gckgp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2ehoos57.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-11zgt96i.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/a-technique-for-improving-telecommunications-planning-based-2epajsqh8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stages-for-integrating-planning-with-online-subscriber-9232o2gg.png Fig. 4. Stages for integrating planning with online subscriber and provider participation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-new-opportunities-development-model-2ungwece.png Fig. 3. New opportunities’ development model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-degree-of-communication-1popl8br.png Table 4. Degree of communication. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-service-quality-3cdywvcs.png Table 2. Service quality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flow-chart-of-the-participatory-technique-2wiegtsu.png Fig. 6. Flow chart of the participatory technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-chart-of-an-anti-spam-technique-1scai8xr.png Fig. 7. Flow chart of an Anti-Spam technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-telecom-it-planning-steps-adapted-from-pietrasiewicz-1xl86h5d.png Fig. 1. Telecom/IT planning steps adapted from Pietrasiewicz ( https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-block-diagram-of-the-business-model-10vgbr84.png Fig. 2. A block diagram of the business model. https://scispace.com/papers/a-theoretical-examination-of-practical-game-playing-4adb8bn3h1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-how-output-varies-with-foresight-k-1pfztg25.png Figure 1. How output varies with foresight k https://scispace.com/papers/a-theoretical-stm-study-of-co-n-pt-111-41a229ep9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-top-di-erence-conductivity-zz-1-2-for-n-3-1xq0q5kz.png FIG. 9: (color online) Top: Di¤erence conductivity zz( 1: 2) for n 3 monolayers of Co on top of Pt(111). For n = 1 also di¤erence conductivity corresponding to the tip part of the system is displayed. Bottom: di¤erence conductivity for for n 3 monolayers of Co on top of Pt(111) as an implicit function of the corresponding free energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-top-layer-wise-contributions-to-the-total-38vruyff.png FIG. 5: (color online) Top: Layer-wise contributions to the total di¤erence conductivity for a single monolayer of Co on top of Pt(111). Bottom: Peak values as indicated explicitly. (r) 1 ; (r) 2 = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-top-layer-wise-contributions-to-the-total-ixwm20sr.png FIG. 7: (color online) Top: Layer-wise contributions to the total di¤erence conductivity for a three monolayers of Co on top of Pt(111). Bottom: Peak values as indicated explicitly. (r) 1 ; (r) 2 = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/a-theoretically-consistent-stochastic-cascade-for-temporal-3bzgnnnal8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hyetograph-of-the-rainfall-data-recorded-at-qi8q1stz.png Figure 11. Hyetograph of the rainfall data recorded at Viterbo raingauge station in April 2003 809 (left panel) along with the synthetic time series of equal length generated by our model 810 (right panel). 811 https://scispace.com/papers/a-thermodynamic-study-on-the-effect-of-solute-on-the-1kuf2hf3h0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-predicted-grain-size-of-0-1-wt-al-5ti-1b-inoculated-2aizmjs9.png Fig. 7. (a) Predicted grain size of 0.1 wt.% Al-5Ti-1B inoculated Al-Cu alloy as a function of 406  Cu content during isothermal melt solidification under a constant cooling rate of 1 K/s. (b) 407  Predicted and measured [63, 64] grain size of 0.03% TiB2 inoculated Al-Ti alloy as a 408  function of Ti content solidified under an initial cooling rate of 0.8 K/s. The model prediction 409  used composition dependent Gibbs-Thomson coefficient ΓAl-x and the Gibbs-Thomson 410  coefficient of pure Al, ΓAl. 411 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-gibbs-free-energy-change-per-undercooling-2nau3gkh.png Fig. 2. Calculated Gibbs free energy change per undercooling ∆ / , solid-liquid 204 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-entropy-of-fusion-per-unit-volume-and-17758qqc.png Fig. 6. Calculated entropy of fusion per unit volume ∆ , and relative Gibbs-Thompson 376 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-entropy-of-fusion-per-unit-volume-and-1nnux1a2.png Fig. 5. Calculated entropy of fusion per unit volume ∆ , and relative Gibbs-Thompson 360 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-mole-gibbs-free-energy-composition-diagram-a-1510cabu.png Fig. 1. Schematic mole Gibbs free energy-composition diagram: (a) at the liquidus 140  temperature, , (b) below , at arbitrary nucleation temperature. The free energy change 141  associated with forming a small nucleus of composition in the liquid of composition is 142  obtained by the parallel tangent construction [44, 45]. Adapted from [44] with additional data 143  from [45]. 144 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-gibbs-free-energy-change-solid-liquid-31xm0mj4.png Fig. 3. Calculated Gibbs free energy change ∆ , solid-liquid interfacial energy , relative 259  critical nucleation energy and relative Ψ to pure Al, ∆ , ∆ , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-predicted-grain-size-of-0-1-wt-al-5ti-1b-inoculated-3oj7bwgg.png Fig. 7. (a) Predicted grain size of 0.1 wt.% Al-5Ti-1B inoculated Al-Cu alloy as a function of 406  Cu content during isothermal melt solidification under a constant cooling rate of 1 K/s. (b) 407  Predicted and measured [63, 64] grain size of 0.03% TiB2 inoculated Al-Ti alloy as a 408  function of Ti content solidified under an initial cooling rate of 0.8 K/s. The model prediction 409  used composition dependent Gibbs-Thomson coefficient ΓAl-x and the Gibbs-Thomson 410  coefficient of pure Al, ΓAl. 411 https://scispace.com/papers/a-three-dimensional-map-of-the-hot-local-bubble-using-58tr0x55j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-z-and-s-cloud-distribution-within-the-gp-the-ratio-2vpq7p8h.png Figure 3: ζ and σ cloud distribution within the GP. The ratio of λ5797/λ5780 DIB equivalent width is thought to probe the UV radiation field. The σ sightlines, where have W (5797)/W (5780) < 0.3, sample regions with high UV intensity as the λ5797 DIB carrier is suppressed while the λ5780 DIB carrier is enhanced, and typically probe the envelopes of clouds. The ζ sightlines, where W (5797)/W (5780) > 0.3, sample regions where the λ5797 DIB carrier is protected from high energy photons and the λ5780 DIB carrier is suppressed, and typically probe the interiors of clouds (but not the highest densities). As is clear from the map, the LB and the passage towards Loop I are filled with σ clouds due to the harsh environment, but still some small ζ clouds can be found immersed within it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l5780-dib-distribution-in-three-principal-slices-za6z0mpt.png Figure 2: λ5780 DIB distribution in three principal slices. The quantities are colored based on the logarithmic volume densities of the equivalent amount of neutral sodium, with redder regions tracing denser parts and bluer regions the rarefied mediums. Blue, gold, red and dark red contours correspond to log n (cm−3) =−11.6,−10.6,−10.1 and−9.7. The positions of nearby nebulae and star clusters are plotted with various symbols. Triangles represent the projection of observed stars with distances less than 30 pc to this particular slice: upward if located above the GP and downward if below it, and with the size proportional to the derived column density. Open circles are sightlines with zero DIB column densities assigned if the standard deviation within ±3 Å around the DIB position equaled the noise. The Sun is located in the center of the map, the name of each slice is printed in panel title. The distance scale is in units of parsec.17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-dib-specta-within-and-around-the-lb-3i6ft32w.png Figure 1: Observed DIB specta within and around the LB. Normalized high S/N spectrum of strong (HD 43384 with EWλ5780 = 452±48 mÅ, EWλ5797 = 125±15 mÅ), mid (HD 175869 with EWλ5780 = 135±16 mÅ, EWλ5797 = 29 ± 5 mÅ), and weak (HD 23480 with EWλ5780 = 16 ± 4 mÅ, EWλ5797 = 8 ± 3 mÅ) DIBs as well as a sightline with absence of λ5797 (HD 12216 with EWλ5780 = 17± 3 mÅ) and an example of sightlines with no DIBs at all (HD193369). The red lines show Gaussian fits to the DIBs. All spectra are moved to interstellar rest frame. The HD 12216 (at d = 44 pc) is an example of DIBs located within the LB, and HD 23480 is located at the wall of the LB (at d = 105 pc), while HD 43384 is located well outside the LB at d = 641 pc. https://scispace.com/papers/a-three-dimensional-transient-mixed-hybrid-finite-element-4yjxj2tul8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spherical-gel-geometry-1wrjlvr7.png Fig. 7 Spherical gel geometry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analytical-and-simulation-solutions-of-the-pressure-3kbur7p4.png Fig. 3 Analytical and simulation solutions of the pressure profile along the z-direction at time t=0.3 s and t=0.1 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-illustration-of-violation-of-local-mass-3hdp64am.png Fig. 2 A schematic illustration of violation of local mass conservation. There is loss of mass across the element boundary due to numerical differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-schematic-illustration-of-a-thin-gel-layer-attached-2f7z1pz6.png Fig. 16 Schematic illustration of a thin gel layer attached to a rigid surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-wrinkle-development-at-the-top-surface-of-a-swelling-208pfjgi.png Fig. 17 Wrinkle development at the top surface of a swelling hydrogel slab on a rigid surface with color contour for in-plane normal effective stress σ11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-critical-swelling-ratio-curves-under-different-25n40dre.png Fig. 15 Critical swelling ratio curves under different initial porosity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-mxi9uetu.png Table 1 Model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analytical-and-simulation-solutions-of-the-time-1hj8wkv5.png Fig. 4 Analytical and simulation solutions of the time evolution of the pressure at the center https://scispace.com/papers/a-topological-method-for-the-classification-of-entanglements-4jsxr317lq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-twofold-35-coordinated-hms-array-hms-c-middle-3ntc4jpw.png Figure 5 (Left) Twofold (3,5)-coordinated hms array (hms-c), (middle) the bouquet of the catenating rings of the two independent 6-rings (6a, 6b in red) with the HRN stars (yellow and green) and (right) a fragment of the corresponding (6,6)-coordinated binodal HRN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fragments-of-pcu-c-dia-c-and-srs-c-arrays-and-the-nbczvbrx.png Figure 6 Fragments of pcu-c, dia-c and srs-c arrays and the corresponding bouquets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-self-catenated-coesite-coe-network-and-the-1pvk3cg6.png Figure 12 (Left) Self-catenated coesite (coe) network and the corresponding HRN; (right) bouquet and HRN star. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-top-self-catenated-twt-network-and-the-2dfn9pg3.png Figure 13 (Top) Self-catenated twt network and the corresponding HRN; (bottom) bouquets of catenating 12-rings and the corresponding HRN star. The catenated 12-ring is red, the four catenating 12-rings with numbers 1–4 are blue, and the HRN nodes (centres of 12-rings) are green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hopf-multiple-crossing-and-the-three-simplest-three-yy7b9389.png Figure 1 Hopf, multiple crossing and the three simplest three-component links. The corresponding edges of the ring nets that connect the ring-net nodes are shown by arrows. For the Borromean link, the ring-net fragment contains an additional node in the centre of the link. The program Knotplot (R. G. Scharein; http://www.knotplot.com/) was used to draw the link pictures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-interpenetrating-primitive-cubic-pcu-networks-3me8owe3.png Figure 2 Two interpenetrating primitive cubic (pcu) networks (array pcu-c) shown in red and blue as well as the corresponding HRN of nbo (NbO) type highlighted in green. The bouquet of catenating rings and the corresponding HRN star (green balls) are shown in the second picture from the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-twofold-arrays-of-square-sql-networks-catenated-in-b1r4kfo8.png Figure 8 Twofold arrays of square (sql) networks catenated in two different fashions: (top) square plane sql HRN in ACUCIK and (bottom) onedimensional zigzag HRN in YEVWIG. In both cases the bouquets of catenating 4-rings and the corresponding HRN stars are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-different-views-of-the-twofold-dia-array-o3u3n5yq.png Figure 7 Two different views of the twofold dia array observed in LAYKOM: (a) shows seemingly regular adamantane-like fragments, but another view (b) makes distortion evident (see Fig. 6, dia-c, for comparison); there are two non-equivalent 6-rings (6a, 6b); (c), (d) and (e), (f) show the corresponding HRN stars and the bouquets that result in the two 6- coordinated (green) and 10-coordinated (yellow) HRN nodes. The corresponding 6,10-coordinated HRN is at the bottom. https://scispace.com/papers/a-transmission-line-model-for-the-spherical-beltrami-problem-4jffrzhpuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2gcvwpcl.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3e0nudz7.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1empmpns.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/a-twin-study-on-humor-appreciation-the-importance-of-4qqy7z1xd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-twin-similarities-and-univariate-model-fitting-ace-1r4po2wj.png Table 3 Twin Similarities and Univariate Model-Fitting (ACE, AE, CE) Results for 3 WD Funniness Scales and Indices a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-wd-humor-test-means-standard-deviations-internal-1iijb8ue.png Table 2 3 WD Humor Test: Means, Standard Deviations, Internal Consistencies, and Correlations With Age and Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-of-humor-appreciation-as-measured-by-the-3-wd-23mk3md5.png Table 1 Model of Humor Appreciation as Measured by the 3 WD Including Six Regular Scales and Six Derived Indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-twin-similarities-and-univariate-model-fitting-ace-3j27afum.png Table 4 Twin Similarities and Univariate Model-Fitting (ACE, AE, CE) Results for 3 WD Aversiveness Scales and Indices a https://scispace.com/papers/a-triple-protostar-system-formed-via-fragmentation-of-a-41b6nas160 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-toomre-q-instability-criterion-q-1-or-less-2p07plst.png Figure 3. Plot of Toomre Q (instability criterion; Q ⇡ 1 or less being unstable), versus mass accretion rate and radius. The y-axis is the mass accretion rate in the disk and the gray contours are Q at a given radius and accretion rate. The luminosity and estimated 1.0 M mass of the inner pair indicates a mass accretion rate of ⇠10 7 M yr 1 (thick horizontal line). Q approaches ⇠1 at radii between 150–300 AU indicating that the outer disk is marginally unstable. At radii >350 AU the surface density of the disk declines, such that it becomes stable again. However, the outer radius of ⇠400 AU, (800 AU (3.005) diameter), is comparable to the spatial scale at which our observations no longer recover all emission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-of-the-c18o-emission-and-its-corresponding-2idivuvv.png Figure 2. Images of the C18O emission and its corresponding velocity maps from the disk around L1448 IRS3B showing a rotation signature. (a) Red and blue-shifted C18O (J = 2 ! 1) emission are overlaid on the ALMA 1.3 mm continuum image (grayscale) as red and blue contours. (b) Line-center velocity map of the C18O emission with 1.3 mm continuum contours overlaid in gray. The C18O traces higher-velocity emission near IRS3B-a and IRS3B-b, consistent with the system center of mass being near these protostars. Lower velocity gas is found to be associated with the outer spiral arm detected in dust emission. The molecular line emission does not fully trace the disk due to spatial filtering of emission with velocities close to that of the system (⇠ 4.5 km s 1). The source positions are marked with white or yellow crosses. The outflow direction14 is denoted by the blue and red arrows. The angular resolution of these data is given by the ellipse in the lower right corners, 0.0036⇥0.0025 (83 AU ⇥ 58 AU). The contours in panel (a) start at 4 and increase in 1 intervals. The C18O emission was integrated over 1.25 - 4.0 km s 1 and 5.5 - 7.0 km s 1 for the blue and red-shifted maps, respectively. The noise levels for C18O are Blue=2.25 K km s 1 and Red=1.65 K km s 1. The continuum (gray) contours in panel (b) start at and increase by 10 , at 100 the levels increase in steps of 30 , and at 400 the levels increase by 100 steps; =0.14 mJy beam 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alma-and-vla-images-of-the-disk-and-triple-fmfnbuze.png Figure 1. ALMA and VLA images of the disk and triple protostar system L1448 IRS3B. (a) ALMA 1.3 mm image of the extended disk, showing an evident bright source on the left (IRS3B-c) in the outer disk and another blended source on the right near the disk center (IRS3B-a and IRS3B-b). (b) VLA 8 mm image smoothed to a similar resolution as the ALMA image, capturing some of the faint, extended disk at longer wavelengths. The contours in panel (b) are from a higher-resolution VLA 8 mm image13 clearly showing the individual protostars with corresponding designations. All three protostars are embedded within apparent spiral arms that emerge from IRS3B-a/IRS3B-b and extend to IRS3B-c in the outer disk. The positions of the three protostars identified from the VLA data are shown by red crosses in panel (a). The contours start at and increase with 5 , where = 0.009 mJy beam 1. The resolution of each image is shown with an ellipse(s) drawn in the lower right corner, corresponding to 0.0027⇥0.0016 (62 AU ⇥ 37 AU) for the ALMA image in panel (a), 0.0024⇥0.0020 (55 AU ⇥ 46 AU) for the VLA image in panel (b), and 0.0018⇥0.0016 (41 AU ⇥ 37 AU; blue ellipse) for the contour image in panel (b). https://scispace.com/papers/a-two-way-process-a-qualitative-and-quantitative-2jtn4bq053 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-acculturation-clusters-tq9y6ulf.png Table 5. Acculturation clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-for-the-clusters-1a07io33.png Table 6. Descriptive statistics for the clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-and-interrater-reliability-2eb137hk.png Table 1. Categories and interrater reliability https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acculturation-scale-5i0btj8f.png Table 2. Acculturation scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cluster-profiles-based-on-acculturation-scores-1-33z6rrya.png Figure 2. Cluster profiles based on acculturation scores. +/- 1 Standard Error is displayed. Participants with similar combinations of scores on attitude towards majority and immigrant cultures were grouped together using cluster analysis. The participants in the separated cluster strongly valued maintenance of majority culture, but not adoption of immigrant culture. The participants in the integrated cluster valued both cultures, whereas the participants in the undifferentiated cluster only moderately valued maintaining either culture. All mean scores along both dimensions were significantly different between all clusters, p≤ .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-scores-on-the-psychological-measures-between-8lhpalym.png Figure 3. Mean scores on the psychological measures between the clusters. +/- 1 Standard Error is displayed. **The participants in the separated cluster reported more identity threat than the other clusters, p = .002. *Perceived ethnic discrimination it the separated cluster was significantly higher than in the undifferentiated cluster, p = .01, and marginally significant for the integrated cluster, p = .06. They also reported higher self-esteem, p = .03. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-between-domains-1z05nbf2.png Table 3. Differences between domains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-participants-mentioning-categories-23zyh0kh.png Figure 1. Percentage of participants mentioning categories. https://scispace.com/papers/a-ubiquitous-model-for-wireless-sensor-networks-monitoring-1v8ia34lnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-login-screen-figure-6-data-visualization-screen-yt7x6a61.png Figure 5. Login screen. Figure 6. Data visualization screen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-6lowpan-wireless-sensor-network-laboratory-testbed-3sittiqp.png Figure 9. 6LoWPAN wireless sensor network laboratory testbed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-historic-data-screen-figure-8-settings-screen-vuphipsb.png Figure 7. Historic data screen. Figure 8. Settings screen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-database-entity-relationship-diagram-8wl56yhl.png Figure 2. Database Entity-Relationship diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/a-type-system-for-safe-memory-management-and-its-proof-of-4qkpuzlarm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simplified-typing-derivation-for-concatd-2itsmpr6.png Fig. 9. Simplified typing derivation for concatD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-type-rules-for-expressions-1ok88si2.png Fig. 6. Type rules for expressions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-desugared-versions-of-concatd-treesortd-and-treesort-sec7et39.png Fig. 8. Desugared versions of concatD , treesortD and treesort https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-operators-on-type-environments-1zqa3pzm.png Fig. 4. Operators on type environments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-operational-semantics-of-safe-expressions-3j79gucd.png Fig. 2. Operational semantics of Safe expressions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rule-for-function-definitions-33vh21ri.png Fig. 5. Rule for function definitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-type-expressions-ehsr08sk.png Fig. 3. Type expressions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-definitions-of-inheritance-compatibility-991u3evt.png Fig. 7. Definitions of inheritance compatibility https://scispace.com/papers/a-unified-approach-to-multisource-data-analyses-3brn5nwezl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sixteen-string-similarity-measures-according-to-six-3pnssl4b.png Table 4: Sixteen string similarity measures according to six groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphical-notation-of-a-unified-cube-dbsgyii5.png Figure 3: Graphical notation of a Unified Cube https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-combining-query-results-from-the-dw-and-the-lod1-2wkkj3u0.png Figure 11: Combining query results from the DW and the LOD1 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ranking-of-string-similarity-measures-based-on-their-3tvy3n7s.png Table 5: Ranking of string similarity measures based on their occurrence among the top five ones according to matching setups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-combining-rtemp-with-query-result-from-the-lod2-n4mqin7i.png Figure 12: Combining Rtemp with query result from the LOD2 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-analysis-result-about-number-of-submitted-and-5k86qwmo.png Figure 13: Analysis result about number of submitted and accepted applications by applicant’s status and housing district, region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshot-of-instantiated-metamodel-sit9bl8o.png Figure 5: Snapshot of instantiated metamodel https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-details-of-the-datasets-used-in-our-experimental-1a55ytou.png Table 3: Details of the datasets used in our experimental assessments https://scispace.com/papers/a-unified-approach-to-the-clenshaw-summation-and-the-3j6hem2gcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-2ssx35ed.png Fig. 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1655hknn.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2zk8zar8.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3j55ee9h.png Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1ykqv6ze.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-2p2kt6kv.png Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-1hf982u8.png Fig. 19. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-3voksmey.png Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/papers/a-verifiable-high-level-data-path-synthesis-framework-4pyjqomzmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cpu-run-time-comparison-of-xilinx-estimation-and-20rvtsjc.png TABLE II: CPU Run Time Comparison of Xilinx Estimation and Our Estimation Tool https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-delay-and-area-estimation-of-the-benchmarks-3fcsdeh0.png TABLE I: Delay and area estimation of the benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-total-verification-time-of-our-benchmarks-in-msec-1koo1bgk.png TABLE III: Total verification time of our benchmarks in msec https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-partial-cdfg-representation-20k46ncm.png Fig. 2: Partial CDFG representation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-process-flow-1ynxgr4i.png Fig. 1: Framework process flow https://scispace.com/papers/a-visual-language-and-environment-for-specifying-design-tool-et9kle8afz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualizing-execution-of-a-visual-event-handler-2ck5ohyb.png Figure 2: Visualizing execution of a visual event handler https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-work-breakdown-tool-top-kaitiaki-event-handler-3jt3w8gp.png Figure 1: Work breakdown tool (top), Kaitiaki event handler (centre), and packaged query (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-visual-constructs-and-building-blocks-15h0ip5v.png Table 1. Key visual constructs and building blocks https://scispace.com/papers/a-walk-on-the-wild-side-predatory-journals-and-information-3msbwrcvmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-committee-research-quality-on-the-success-35l6q64u.png Table 5: Effect of committee research quality on the success of candidates with Beall’s list publications https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-who-publishes-in-bealls-list-39wwojfs.png Table 2: Who publishes in Beall’s list? https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-success-1wv53gd0.png Table 4: Determinants of success https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bealls-list-articles-2ijh9loq.png Figure 1: Beall’s list articles (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-citations-of-articles-in-bealls-list-journals-1clo5i89.png Figure 2: Citations of articles in Beall’s list journals https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survey-responses-on-bealls-list-journals-2qnee0i4.png Table 3: Survey responses on Beall’s list journals https://scispace.com/papers/a-visualisation-and-simulation-framework-for-local-and-3473nxbpyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-desired-features-for-most-contemporary-robotic-3vecz2k1.png Fig. 1: Desired features for most contemporary robotic development frameworks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-complete-dataflow-diagram-of-the-web-service-the-3e9cha8d.png Fig. 11: Complete dataflow diagram of the web service. The modules in yellow represent potential for future expansions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mockup-of-the-rqt-based-interface-each-frame-in-the-3lv39b4c.png Fig. 8: Mockup of the rqt-based interface. Each frame in the interface was preconfigured to display information as follows: (1) is the main camera visualisation frame; (2) is the main processed data (e.g. 3D reconstructions, signal waveforms, etc.) visualisation frame; (3) contains two secondary frames for camera (or related data, such as depth maps, etc.) visualisation; (4) contains frames for two support terminals in tabs; (5) contains the rqt launcher with the possibility of node selection. Note that all of these frames are reconfigurable on the fly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-casir-impep-remote-lab-the-html-web-page-already-o1qgkn6o.png Fig. 10: CASIR-IMPEP remote lab, the HTML web page already connected to the server and streaming one topic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-simulated-and-real-set-up-for-hri-n8x41aom.png Fig. 7: Comparison between simulated and real set-up for HRI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-instantiation-of-the-rqt-based-interface-applied-to-2fpuv752.png Fig. 9: Instantiation of the rqt-based interface applied to the real system in operational conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-integrated-multimodal-perception-experimental-3mzg0ecv.png Fig. 3: The Integrated Multimodal Perception Experimental Platform [3], including actuators and respective degrees of freedom, and mounted sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-casir-impep-system-architecture-overview-3-only-the-qw8yr86k.png Fig. 2: CASIR-IMPEP system architecture overview [3] only the bottom part of this diagram was originally fully implemented during the duration of the CASIR project, while the top part was developed as an expansion in the scope of the work presented in this text. https://scispace.com/papers/aacvd-synthesis-of-catalytic-gold-nanoparticle-modified-1px3snazyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-vis-spectra-of-films-deposited-at-500degc-from-a-hcxkd07v.png Figure 4 UV-vis spectra of films deposited at 500°C from a) Ce(dbm)4 only (red line), b) Ce(dbm)4/NH4AuCl4 (blue line) compared to, c) blank glass substrate (black line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tga-data-for-ce-dbm-4-blue-line-and-nh4aucl4-red-1n343ipa.png Figure 1 TGA data for Ce(dbm)4 (blue line) and NH4AuCl4 (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xps-spectrum-of-film-deposited-at-500degc-from-ce-5ko66lv5.png Figure 5 XPS spectrum of film deposited at 500°C from Ce(dbm)4 only https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalytic-performance-of-film-deposited-from-ce-dbm-18hw1wgi.png Table 1. Catalytic performance of film deposited from Ce(dbm)4 and NH4AuCl4 at 500°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-image-of-film-deposited-at-500degc-from-ce-dbm-g91yg4f9.png Figure 6 SEM image of film deposited at 500°C from Ce(dbm)4 only (A) or Ce(dbm)4/NH4AuCl4 (B) (in both images scale bar in red depicts 1 µm) https://scispace.com/papers/a-zero-attraction-effect-in-naturalistic-choice-2qz66txpgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-of-the-average-similarity-rating-3u9jc492.png Figure 3 The Distribution of the Average Similarity Rating for Each Target–Decoy Candidate Pair (N 1,242) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratios-and-95-cis-from-three-mixed-effects-wu8nxwlu.png Table 3 Odds Ratios and 95% CIs From Three Mixed-Effects Logistic Models Fit by Maximum Likelihood With Subject-Specific Intercepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-choice-stage-ugd37gbt.png Figure 4 Choice Stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-and-95-cis-from-three-mixed-effects-15v7evw4.png Table 2 Odds Ratios and 95% CIs From Three Mixed-Effects Logistic Models Fit by Maximum Likelihood With Subject-Specific Intercepts, First Choices Only https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-proportion-of-trials-where-the-target-was-3kfzgs1g.png Figure 5 The Proportion of Trials Where the Target Was Chosen Instead of the Competitor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-choice-triplets-used-in-the-experiment-1bqoaum5.png Figure 1 Two Choice Triplets Used in the Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-proportion-of-trials-where-the-target-was-3vekodq3.png Figure 8 The Proportion of Trials Where the Target Was Chosen Instead of the Competitor by Target–Competitor Rating https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-predicted-proportion-of-trials-where-the-target-5wz39n9j.png Figure 7 The Predicted Proportion of Trials Where the Target Was Chosen Instead of the Competitor, by Target Decoy Rating Difference and Similarity Rating https://scispace.com/papers/ab-initio-line-shape-calculations-for-the-s-and-o-branches-3rsqd7szvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pressure-shift-coefficients-of-the-s0-j-lines-in-10-27qfbu1t.png Table 2: Pressure shift coefficients of the S0(j) lines in 10−3 cm−1 amg−1. Besides the typical Lorentzian contribution, δ0, we present the effective shift of the spectral line, δ†, taking into account all the line-shape effects (both the velocity-changing collisions and speed-dependent effects). The values in parenthesis indicate the 1σ standard uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pressure-broadening-g0-and-pressure-shift-d0-33v3rnvv.png Figure 7: Pressure broadening, γ0, and pressure shift, δ0, coefficients, real and imaginary parts of the Dicke parameter, ν̃opt, for the Sv(1) lines as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/ab-initio-theoretical-study-of-luminescence-properties-of-33ky8xb6fa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-vertical-transition-energies-of-the-pro6-9-embedded-3v9d9wbk.png TABLE II: Vertical transition energies of the (PrO6)9− embedded cluster calculated at the C2 and S6 sites. Transition energies calculated at the C2 site using the perfect Lu2O3 lattice, relaxed 1 3B-4f2 and relaxed 13 3B-4f5d cluster geometries. Transition energies calculated at the S6 site using the relaxed 1 3Eg-4f2 and relaxed 1 3Au-4f5d cluster geometries. The calculations include 58 valence electron correlation, static relativistic effects and Lu2O3 embedding host effects. (MS-CASPT2(O48,Pr10) level) All numbers are in cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lu-o-and-pr-o-equilibrium-distances-for-the-c2-and-l7vhww8j.png TABLE I: Lu-O and Pr-O equilibrium distances for the C2 and S6 polyhedra in the Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Pr3+ crystals, respectively. Lu-O distances have been taken from Ref. 22. Pr-O distances have been optimized for the lowest spin triplet 4f2 and 4f5d states at the CASSCF level in this work. Lattice distortions produced by the Pr3+ impurity in parenthesis. All distances in Å. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-continued-na4itzvi.png TABLE II: Vertical transition energies of the (PrO6)9− embedded cluster calculated at the C2 and S6 sites. Transition energies calculated at the C2 site using the perfect Lu2O3 lattice, relaxed 1 3B-4f2 and relaxed 13 3B-4f5d cluster geometries. Transition energies calculated at the S6 site using the relaxed 1 3Eg-4f2 and relaxed 1 3Au-4f5d cluster geometries. The calculations include 58 valence electron correlation, static relativistic effects and Lu2O3 embedding host effects. (MS-CASPT2(O48,Pr10) level) All numbers are in cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-continued-3315zjp2.png TABLE II: Vertical transition energies of the (PrO6)9− embedded cluster calculated at the C2 and S6 sites. Transition energies calculated at the C2 site using the perfect Lu2O3 lattice, relaxed 1 3B-4f2 and relaxed 13 3B-4f5d cluster geometries. Transition energies calculated at the S6 site using the relaxed 1 3Eg-4f2 and relaxed 1 3Au-4f5d cluster geometries. The calculations include 58 valence electron correlation, static relativistic effects and Lu2O3 embedding host effects. (MS-CASPT2(O48,Pr10) level) All numbers are in cm−1. https://scispace.com/papers/abc-sampling-for-balancing-imbalanced-datasets-based-on-xi7zkhnem1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-abc-sampling-parameter-selection-maxiterations-2mj12bfz.png Fig. 1: ABC-Sampling parameter selection (MaxIterations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evaluated-datasets-38isbwn5.png TABLE I: Evaluated datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-evaluation-results-of-seven-methods-on-imbalanced-3gmv2u2c.png TABLE II: Evaluation results of seven methods on imbalanced datasets. Values are on the test sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-abc-sampling-parameter-selection-aj2u55kn.png TABLE IV: ABC-Sampling parameter selection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-classification-performance-on-imbalanced-datasets-182uhz8m.png TABLE III: Classification performance on imbalanced datasets. Values are on the test sets. https://scispace.com/papers/abdominal-obesity-and-circulating-metabolites-a-twin-study-13zl667piv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pearson-correlations-betweenwithin-pair-differences-in-3aixmtqj.png Fig. 3 – Pearson correlations betweenwithin-pair differences in obesity-relatedmeasures andwithin-pair differences in serum metabolites in 68 monozygotic twin pairs. The sample size for subcutaneous (sc), intra-abdominal (ia) and liver fat was 42 pairs. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, Waist, waist circumference; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density-lipoprotein; HDL, high-density-lipoprotein; C, cholesterol; ApoB, Apolipoprotein B; ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; FA, fatty acids; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; BCAA, branched-chain amino acids. The fatty acid ratios indicate the ratio of different classes of fatty acids to total fatty acids. Android fat and gynoid fat indicate the ratio of fat to total tissue in the android/gynoid areas. The color key denotes the magnitude of the correlation coefficients. All metabolites were rank-transformed and adjusted for sex and age. The P-values denote the statistical significance after correcting for multiple testing: P-values ****p < 0.000006667; ***p < 0.00006667; **p < 0.0006667, *p < 0.0033. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlations-betweenwaist-circumference-and-ffjfxvo6.png Fig. 1 – Correlations betweenwaist circumference and serummetabolites in 1368 twin individuals. Phenotypic correlations (rp) are shown in red; genetic correlations (rg) in blue and unique environmental correlations (re) in green. The points indicate the correlation coefficient and the lines show the 95% confidence intervals. All correlations are adjusted for sex, age and cohort. The shared genetic variance was calculated as the rg2. Abbreviations: VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density-lipoprotein; HDL, high-density-lipoprotein; C, cholesterol; ApoB, Apolipoprotein B; ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; FA, fatty acids; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid ratios indicate the ratio of different classes of fatty acids to total fatty acids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-cohorts-2s911m7s.png Table 1 – Characteristics of the study cohorts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pearson-correlations-between-obesity-related-measures-38majhwz.png Fig. 2 – Pearson correlations between obesity-related measures and serum metabolites in 286 twin individuals. The sample size for subcutaneous (sc), intra-abdominal (ia) and liver fat was 84. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, Waist, waist circumference; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density-lipoprotein; HDL, high-densitylipoprotein; C, cholesterol; ApoB, Apolipoprotein B; ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; FA, fatty acids; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; BCAA, branchedchain amino acids. The fatty acid ratios indicate the ratio of different classes of fatty acids to total fatty acids. Android fat and gynoid fat indicate the ratio of fat to total tissue in the android/gynoid areas. The color key denotes the magnitude of the correlation coefficients. All metabolites were rank-transformed and adjusted for sex and age. The P-values denote the statistical significance after correcting for multiple testing: P-values ****p < 0.00000625; ***p < 0.0000625; **p < 0.000625, *p < 0.0031. https://scispace.com/papers/ability-drain-size-impact-and-comparison-with-brain-drain-2ckis5od6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vetting-system-non-migrants-ability-brain-and-skill-1ila49qb.png Table 2: Vetting System – Non-migrants’ Ability, Brain and Skill: Net Gain or Drain? a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ratio-of-ability-drain-to-brain-drain-2bm9vvbe.png Table 3: Ratio of Ability Drain to Brain Drain (𝑨𝑫/𝑩𝑫) https://scispace.com/papers/aberrant-cell-and-basement-membrane-architecture-contribute-1wajuefe1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exposure-to-ss-suppresses-lox-expression-by-1g3c2gle.png FIGURE 4. Exposure to SS suppresses LOX expression by choroidal ECs. Western blot bands and their densitometric analyses (bar graph) together reveal that LOX expression by RF/6A ECs decreases progressively with increasing SS dose. The LOX levels were normalized with respect to the corresponding levels of GAPDH, which served as the loading control. ***P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exposure-to-ss-disrupts-choroidal-endothelial-bm-3m0f1yb0.png FIGURE 3. Exposure to SS disrupts choroidal endothelial BM architecture. Top view (XY plane) of RF/6A EC-secreted collagen IV network shows that, compared to untreated ECs, those treated with SS exhibit a dose-dependent decrease in BM density and a concomitant increase in BM porosity. These alterations in BM organization correlate with significant (***P < 0.001) BM thinning at higher SS doses, as shown in the cross-sectional (XZ plane) view and quantified in the bar graph. Scale bars: 10 lm (XY image); 5 lm (XZ image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-choroidal-ec-spreading-and-cytoskeletal-2m4rcpgs.png FIGURE 2. Choroidal EC spreading and cytoskeletal organization are impaired by SS. (A) Phase contrast images of RF/6A ECs and measurement of projected cell area (bar graph) reveal a dose-dependent decrease in EC spreading upon SS treatment. Scale bar: 100 lm. (B) Fluorescent images of ECs stained with phalloidin show that the longitudinal orientation of actin stress fibers in untreated ECs changes to cortical organization in SStreated ECs. Morphometric analysis further revealed a progressive decrease in actin filament density with increasing SS dose (bar graph). *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001, respectively. Scale bar: 20 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exposure-to-ss-causes-choroidal-ec-monolayer-3cts9mio.png FIGURE 1. Exposure to SS causes choroidal EC monolayer retraction and loss of cell viability. Phase contrast images of RF/6A EC monolayer treated with SS for 10 days show progressively greater monolayer retraction at higher SS doses, with 0.5 puffs/mL causing the greatest disruption. This SSinduced EC monolayer retraction correlates with a significant decrease in EC viability, as shown in the bar graph. Data are presented as percentage cells that are viable with respect to the non–SS-treated control. ***P < 0.001. Scale bar: 100 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-ss-treated-corrupt-bm-alone-can-disrupt-ec-dhsipzn7.png FIGURE 5. The SS-treated corrupt BM alone can disrupt EC cytoskeletal organization, spreading, and viability. (A) Schematic depiction of the experimental procedure to examine the effect of SS-treated corrupt BM on untreated RF/6A ECs. (B) Fluorescent images of ECs stained with phalloidin show that ECs cultured on untreated BM exhibit longitudinal orientation of actin stress fibers, while those grown on SS-treated corrupt BM undergo cortical actin assembly. Morphometric analysis further revealed a progressive decrease in actin filament density with increasing SS dose (C), which correlated well with decreased EC spreading (D) and viability (E) on SS-treated corrupt BM. The EC viability data are presented as percentage cells that are viable with respect to non–SS-treated BM control. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, respectively. Scale bar: 20 lm. https://scispace.com/papers/ability-of-king-s-college-criteria-and-model-for-end-stage-892d6idy59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-and-pooled-sensitivity-specificity-and-wjl4iols.png Table 2 Individual and pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) for King's College Criteria (KCC) and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-studies-included-in-the-meta-9huoaork.png Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis (STARD - standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, AALF- acetaminophen related acute liver failure, NAALF (nonacetaminophen related acute liver failure, TB – tuberculosis, *midway year of study recruitment). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-subgroup-analysis-of-the-performance-of-a-kings-1vnpq69h.png Table 3: Subgroup analysis of the performance of A) King’s College Criteria (KCC) and B) Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) in predicting outcome in acute liver failure. (STARD – standards for the reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, AALF acetaminophen related acute liver failure, NAALF non acetaminophen related acute liver failure, LR likelihood ratio, DOR diagnostic odds ratio, CI confidence interval.*midway year of study recruitment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-assessment-of-studies-identified-in-14qfgdan.png Figure 1: Flow diagram of assessment of studies identified in the systematic review https://scispace.com/papers/absolute-chronology-of-megiddo-israel-in-the-late-bronze-and-4mdo2w2a05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-iron-age-destruction-layer-level-k-4-g6sdrjj0.png Figure 5 An example of Iron Age destruction layer: Level K-4. Note the ~1-m accumulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-southern-levant-showing-the-iron-age-sites-oxh5evvz.png Figure 1 Map of southern Levant showing the Iron Age sites mentioned in the article. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-megiddo-levels-discussed-in-this-article-by-area-21tw1w1y.png Table 1 The Megiddo levels discussed in this article, by area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aerial-view-of-tel-megiddo-indicating-the-location-1b6a8rz2.png Figure 2 Aerial view of Tel Megiddo, indicating the location of the excavation areas that pro vided the samples for 14C dating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bayesian-model-of-area-k-based-on-stratigraphic-2cl7436n.png Figure 7 Bayesian model of Area K based on stratigraphic information. Note that all the levels are represented by OxCal phases, except for levels K-6 and K-4, which are a sequence of two phases each (“occupation” and “destruction” for K-6 and “predestruction” and “destruction” for K-4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bayesian-model-of-area-h-based-on-stratigraphic-2tmj2hj9.png Figure 6 Bayesian model of Area H based on stratigraphic information. Note that all the levels are represented by OxCal phases, except for H-9, which is a sequence of two phases (“occupation” and “destruction”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-view-of-the-transitions-68-2-probability-2dn0tu9k.png Figure 8 Schematic view of the transitions (68.2% probability) in the different excavation areas and in the general model (E: early; L: late). Note that it is not possible to calculate the range for the Iron I L/IIA transition in Area K (blank rectangle); the rectangle filled with a grid marks the range of the End Boundary of Level K-4. Timeline is in years BCE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-general-view-of-area-h-showing-the-location-of-some-25w92tmw.png Figure 4 General view of Area H showing the location of some of the archaeological levels mentioned in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/absolute-dissociative-electron-attachment-cross-sections-in-50oskxv02e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dea-peak-cross-sections-pm2-the-present-values-are-rhdy61ot.png Table 1. DEA peak cross sections [pm2]. The present values are reliable within ±25%. https://scispace.com/papers/abstract-user-interfaces-a-model-and-notation-to-support-13fdzyp1dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-drawing-a-box-9ljqi5qp.png Fig. 10. Drawing a box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-possible-cui-elements-for-the-aui-expression-choose-glbxk3sk.png Fig. 6. Possible CUI elements for the AUI expression choose {Red,Green,Blue}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-abstract-user-interface-concrete-user-interface-3nbdnjdq.png Fig. 7. Abstract user interface/Concrete user interface communication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-drawing-editor-prototype-running-on-the-apple-14viclwq.png Fig. 14. Drawing editor prototype running on the Apple Macintosh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aui-model-a-number-of-concrete-user-interfaces-cuis-3qwth5xq.png Fig. 1. AUI model. A number of concrete user interfaces (CUI’s) may be defined for a single AUI. The combination of Computation, AUI and one of the CUI’s forms an interactive system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-abstract-user-interface-computation-communication-4jpcmhyr.png Fig. 8. Abstract user interface/Computation communication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-macintosh-resedit-tool-was-used-to-define-the-1p1qclg0.png Fig. 12. The Macintosh ResEdit tool was used to define the CUI’s visual resources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-concrete-interaction-techniques-of-drawing-editor-b187bvxc.png Fig. 13. Concrete interaction techniques of drawing editor. https://scispace.com/papers/ac-frequency-characteristics-of-coplanar-impedance-sensors-1t7y3kpgqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-circuit-elements-evaluated-by-23ctjm3j.png Table 1 Parameters for the circuit elements evaluated by fitting the impedance data using model II (D 5 100 mm, W 5 20 mm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bode-plots-of-total-impedance-against-frequency-as-the-11z3xnte.png Fig. 7 Bode plots of total impedance against frequency as the variation in the interelectrode spacing (W 5 20 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-a-glass-based-microchannel-chip-3jia8lpc.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a glass-based microchannel chip with coplanar impedance sensors: (a) layout of a glass device and (b) rectangular planar electrodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-process-flow-for-a-microchannel-etching-and-b-1vj7c1ub.png Fig. 2 Process flow for (a) microchannel etching and (b) microelectrode patterning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-for-the-circuit-elements-evaluated-by-1p7aako0.png Table 4 Parameters for the circuit elements evaluated by fitting the impedance data using model II (D 5 100 mm, W 5 variable) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-capacitance-magnitude-at-10-hz-and-phase-angle-1xd5fvox.png Table 5 Capacitance magnitude at 10 Hz and phase angle extracted by the simulation of CPE component (D 5 100 mm, W 5 variable) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-capacitance-of-coplanar-structure-as-a-function-of-1tgs3iua.png Fig. 12 Capacitance of coplanar structure as a function of interelectrode spacing (straight line) and electrode width (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-total-impedance-frequency-plots-1dyu31h0.png Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of total impedance–frequency plots divided into dominant components. https://scispace.com/papers/accelerating-thermal-simulations-of-3d-ics-with-liquid-4qg3yvxi6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heat-flow-and-neuron-connections-for-2d-3d-ics-with-1hrorvjl.png Figure 3: Heat flow and neuron connections for 2D/3D ICs with liquid cooling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heat-flow-and-neuron-connections-for-conventional-w14uzbby.png Figure 2: Heat flow and neuron connections for conventional 2D/3D ICs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-maximum-run-time-error-for-different-floorplan-3u9fja1u.png Figure 8: Maximum run-time error for different floorplan configurations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gpu-speedup-for-different-problem-sizes-flow-rates-1d835vau.png Figure 10: GPU speedup for different problem sizes, flow rates and maximum run-time error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-run-time-error-for-the-floorplan-318at9ay.png Figure 7: Maximum run-time error for the floorplan configuration CCC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-increase-percentage-of-the-gpu-speedup-using-35h31cza.png Figure 9: Increase (percentage) of the GPU speedup using Algorithm 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-of-the-test-3d-ic-1ceit5zi.png Table 1: Structural parameters of the Test 3D IC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-niagara-floorplan-configurations-used-for-testing-3ofw1jrg.png Figure 4: Niagara floorplan configurations used for testing https://scispace.com/papers/acceptability-of-oral-solid-medicines-in-older-adults-with-1gj2jdy7fp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-products-used-to-represent-9-mm-tablets-in-different-1ho3vewb.png Table 1. Products used to represent 9 mm tablets in different shapes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-products-used-to-represent-various-oral-formulations-29igx612.png Table 2. Products used to represent various oral formulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-acceptability-scores-of-different-oral-solid-dosage-3rs6rgj0.png Fig 3. Acceptability scores of different oral solid dosage forms (ODT: orally disintegrating tablet). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participants-impression-on-the-flexible-solid-oral-33hzb4j5.png Table 4. Participants’ impression on the flexible solid oral dosage forms. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-participants-selecting-the-tablet-mbordopp.png Figure 1. Percentage of participants selecting the tablet size and shape that started to cause difficulty in swallowing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-participants-selecting-the-capsule-size-3lazt8h1.png Fig 2. Percentage of participants selecting the capsule size that might start to cause difficulty in swallowing https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-participants-who-had-previously-used-the-2fsi23vh.png Table 3. Number of participants who had previously used the flexible solid oral formulations. https://scispace.com/papers/accountability-to-prevent-corruption-in-construction-57y2vtlgsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-corruption-in-the-different-stages-of-sahgmcpi.png Table 1: Examples of corruption in the different stages of infrastructure delivery https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-for-operationalising-the-framework-116mosco.png Table 2: Summary for operationalising the framework https://scispace.com/papers/accessibility-and-transit-oriented-development-in-european-1sg86ym4j1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multiple-regression-analysis-results-1qkwrj7t.png Table 6 Multiple regression analysis results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-node-and-place-indices-amsterdam-helsinki-and-munich-1i0ihbxb.png Fig. 2. Node and place indices (Amsterdam, Helsinki and Munich study areas). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-distribution-of-cumulative-rail-based-3kfk3qhh.png Fig. 5. The distribution of cumulative rail-based accessibility to inhabitants and jobs in the study areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cumulative-accessibility-average-value-at-the-30o6xu56.png Table 4 Cumulative accessibility (average value at the citywide scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scatterplots-of-node-and-place-indices-for-each-study-mgyvrzu4.png Fig. 4. Scatterplots of node and place indices for each study case (place index on x axis and node index on y axis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-tod-degree-of-the-urban-structure-in-2aq5e637.png Table 3 Comparison of TOD degree of the urban structure in the study cases, and other indices describing the scatterplots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grouping-of-studies-on-interrelations-between-tod-62hbvpc4.png Fig. 1. Grouping of studies on interrelations between TOD degree of the urban structure, accessibility and travel behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-node-and-place-indices-naples-rome-and-helsinki-study-369wd39x.png Fig. 3. Node and place indices (Naples, Rome and Helsinki study areas). https://scispace.com/papers/accountable-internet-protocol-aip-1g9p3rhr2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-aip-packet-header-2xjtetzo.png Figure 2: The AIP packet header. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-source-address-verification-protocol-1xr0573q.png Figure 4: Source address verification protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rib-memory-requirements-projections-in-gbytes-and-2yvs6wkv.png Table 4: RIB memory requirements projections in GBytes, and the projected production costs of that memory. The actual cost projections ignore scaling factors due to low volume or high speed requirements, but the cost trend should apply to general purpose as well as specialized memory. AIP-Diam shows the requirements if AIP causes a 60% increase in the diameter of the Internet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-itrs-projections-for-dram-dram-and-cpu-7jdvru1j.png Table 3: ITRS projections for DRAM, DRAM, and CPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-an-aip-address-for-ad-addresses-2qivxmft.png Figure 1: The structure of an AIP address. For AD addresses, the interface bits are set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-process-for-verifying-a-packets-source-address-1rlal0qx.png Figure 3: Process for verifying a packet’s source address. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-of-table-sizes-the-first-column-shows-the-1eg31em7.png Table 1: Prediction of table sizes. The first column shows the size if growth continues at 17% per year; the second column reproduces the predictions from Fuller et al. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictions-of-total-bgp-update-volume-24pp6a3t.png Table 2: Predictions of total BGP update volume. https://scispace.com/papers/accounting-change-in-the-scottish-and-westminster-central-e8dz34b1ek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-legitimation-and-delegitimation-strategies-in-3f4haek7.png Table 3 – Legitimation (and delegitimation) Strategies in Westminster and Scotland https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-legitimation-strategies-by-area-of-accounting-change-2t65hrz1.png Table 4 – Legitimation Strategies by Area of Accounting Change in Westminster https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-legitimation-strategies-by-area-of-accounting-change-3dcd8k7i.png Table 5 – Legitimation Strategies by Area of Accounting Change in Scotland https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-legitimation-and-delegitimation-strategies-12myb08l.png Table 1 – Legitimation (and delegitimation) Strategies Operationalised in the Field Research https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profile-of-interviewees-in-westminster-and-scotland-2i60rro8.png Table 2 – Profile of Interviewees in Westminster and Scotland https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-here-2uyn7bar.png Table 5 – Legitimation Strategies by Area of Accounting Change in Scotland https://scispace.com/papers/accounting-for-business-cycles-1g0xhesmkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4c-bf3avzbh.png Figure 4A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7b-3pvbjnvj.png Figure 7C https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-gk1039p7.png Table 2C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-13601d2c.png Figure 4A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-2i1ehlsh.png Figure 6C https://scispace.com/figures/table-5c-3jwviuag.png Table 5C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ph-statisti-s-for-output-labor-and-investment-1b78zjnk.png Table 1 φ-statisti s for Output, Labor, and Investment Components, Great Re ession https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-1gxtjtst.png Table 4B https://scispace.com/papers/accounting-for-non-annuitization-jjdvg9y785 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-the-sensitivity-of-participation-rates-to-change-in-2ftldg4a.png Table 22: The sensitivity of participation rates to change in risk aversion https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-participation-in-annuity-market-at-age-70-baseline-3a0fjaby.png Table 13: Participation in annuity market at age 70: baseline model vs. model with adverse selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-percentage-change-in-price-in-pooling-equilibrium-veflplxf.png Table 12: Percentage change in price in pooling equilibrium compared to full information equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-participation-in-annuity-market-at-age-70-baseline-10iasb3o.png Table 14: Participation in annuity market at age 70: baseline model vs. model with bequest motives https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-of-the-model-2xbg7lgs.png Table 5: Parameters of the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deterministic-medical-expenses-annuities-purchased-20lkq5xj.png Figure 3: Deterministic medical expenses: annuities purchased by people in good initial health https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-quantitative-importance-of-different-factors-behind-18twq58r.png Table 19: Quantitative importance of different factors behind non-annuitization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participation-in-annuity-market-for-people-aged-70-35czzz2f.png Table 1: Participation in annuity market for people aged 70 years and older in 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/accreditation-process-and-outcomes-experience-of-the-40mvlhr4hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-university-programs-outcomes-before-throughout-and-1ayikmcu.png Figure 1. University programs outcomes before, throughout and after NCQAA accreditation process. https://scispace.com/papers/accumulation-of-flash-lumio-green-in-active-mitochondria-can-4jlfuvglgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mitochondrial-accumulation-of-flash-lumio-green-and-1m2z9uk4.png Fig. 1 Mitochondrial accumulation of FlAsH/Lumio Green and toxic side effects a Untransfected N2a cells were labeled with 1 lM FlAsH/ Lumio Green and Mitotracker Orange in the absence of thiolcontaining reagents for 1 h, washed and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. FlAsH/Lumio Green clearly accumulated in mitochondria stained by MitoTracker (a confocal slice acquired by structured illumination is shown). b Many cells stained as described above exhibited aberrant mitochondria with a round, swollen appearance c Untransfected N2a cells were stained with 1 lM FlAsH/ Lumio Green + 4 lM 2-ME for 1 h, washed and incubated with 100 lM 2-ME for 30 min. This treatment reversed mitochondrial accumulation of FlAsH/Lumio Green and resulted in a diffuse background staining. d Cells were labeled with 1 lM FlAsH/Lumio Green for 1 h, washed and then incubated with 5 lM rotenone for 15 min. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by rotenone also reversed the mitochondrial accumulation of FlAsH/Lumio Green fluorescence. All bars, 10 lm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-r1fl-cys4-r1fl-cys4-2-labeling-in-n2a-cells-using-1a7ea7vn.png Fig. 2 R1FL-Cys4 / R1FL-(Cys4)2 labeling in N2a cells using bmercaptoethanol: N2a cells were transiently transfected with R1FL-Cys4 (a), R1FL-(Cys4)2 (b) or R1FL-EGFP (c). R1FLCys4/R1FL-(Cys4)2 expressing cells were stained with 0.3 lM FlAsH/Lumio Green + 1.2 lM 2-ME with a subsequent wash with 100 lM 2-ME and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. All bars, 10 lm https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-and-efficacy-of-ultrasound-guided-pes-anserinus-3cwn1i3h2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-of-vas-of-pa-tenderness-comparing-baseline-13r50u8y.png Table 2. Changes of VAS of PA tenderness comparing baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-us-guided-injection-longitudinal-ultrasound-image-3nrh93y4.png Figure 3. US-guided injection, longitudinal ultrasound image of a needle (arrowhead) in the pes anserinus bursa (asterisk) between the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the pes anserinus (PA) tendon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-both-groups-3apbea1u.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of both groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ultrasound-image-of-the-injectate-location-after-mm0xqjue.png Figure 5. Ultrasound image of the injectate location after injection; extra-pes anserinus bursa area, the injection was superficial to the tendon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flowchart-2vhhw12m.png Figure 1. Study flowchart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-us-guided-injection-the-transducer-was-positioned-16ffbfdf.png Figure 2. US-guided injection, the transducer was positioned in a longitudinal orientation relative to the anterior fibers of the medial collateral ligament, with an oblique transverse orientation relative to the pes anserinus. https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-of-fdg-pet-ct-response-assessment-following-5ewpyzy8ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diagnostic-performance-of-response-assessment-fdg-di07drf0.png Table 2: Diagnostic performance of response assessment FDG PET-CT in patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy (incomplete or equivocal responses grouped together for analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-disease-site-tnm-stage-ajcc-stage-histology-and-3ngncor5.png Table 1: Disease site, TNM stage, AJCC stage, histology and treatment https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-limits-of-distance-estimation-in-visible-light-3rmj82yqvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vlp-system-model-with-rgb-leds-24hz845i.png Fig. 1. VLP system model with RGB LEDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-crlb-versus-x-for-po-0-1-and-ts-0-01-sec-2u8ley99.png Fig. 4. CRLB versus x for Po = 0.1 and Ts = 0.01 sec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-crlb-versus-fc-for-x-5m-ts-0-01-sec-and-po-0-1-730i5c5g.png Fig. 3. CRLB versus fc for x = 5m., Ts = 0.01 sec., and Po = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crlb-versus-po-for-x-5m-and-ts-0-01-sec-2vldt3tt.png Fig. 2. CRLB versus Po for x = 5m. and Ts = 0.01 sec. https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-of-some-approximate-gaussian-filters-for-the-navier-2zjt3avt5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-filtering-the-dynamics-of-29-with-superresolving-thv3pw4c.png Figure 12. Filtering the dynamics of (29) with superresolving vs not superresolving algorithms for aliased observations. Comparison of the quality of the filtering algorithms of §4 for estimating the signal PMuΛ from (2M+1)2 primary modes using superresolving algorithms (N >M) and non-superresolving algorithms (N =M); the comparison is carried out in terms of the error in the mean estimates mN using rmseM ( uΛ,mN ) in (52) and xcM ( uΛ,mN ) in (54). Aliased observations yA{m}, M = 10, in (35) of the truth uΛ in (28) in the fully turbulent regime are used at different levels of the observation noise ε; the forward models (§3.2) in the superresolving case resolve (2N+1)2 modes with N = 3M and in the non-superresolving mode N =M . Results for 3DVAR are shown for the optimal value of the multiplicative covariance inflation parameter in (38). (In the legend ‘dss-prim’ refers to errors in resolving the primary modes based on the superresolving filters, and ‘prim’ denotes errors in resolving the primary modes from non-superresolving filters.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-aliasing-in-two-dimensions-right-due-4zwlncib.png Figure 1. Schematics of aliasing in two dimensions (right) due to sparse nodal observations in the spatial domain (left); here, the 5 × 5 sparse observation grid is a regular subset of the doubly periodic 20 × 20 model mesh so that every P = 4 node is observed. The aliasing set A(`) of wavenumber ` = (2, 1) is shown in the spectral domain (right). In this case, modes with |k| > 2 are aliased into the primary modes |k| 6 2 which can be resolved by the observation grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-desired-test-configuration-for-filtering-nse-with-37pwgmgk.png Figure 2. Desired test configuration for filtering NSE with Kolmogorov forcing and sparse aliased observations (in physical space). In a dynamical regime with sufficiently large Reynolds number the primary (observed) modes are not always the most energetic ones due to the (possibly intermittent) energy transfer to small scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-filtering-with-non-aliased-observations-turbulent-9yf3f855.png Figure 7. Filtering with non-aliased observations; turbulent regime of (8)/(29) (cf Figure 3). Snapshots of the observed, true and estimated vorticity fields (55) obtained from the filtering algorithms 3DVAR (§4.1), cSPEKF and GCF (§4.2) and the corresponding residuals between the mean estimates and the fully resolved truth. Results are shown for two spectral resolutions (2N+1)×(2N+1) of the forward models (§3.2) in the algorithms with fully observed state, i.e., M =N , in the forward models of cSPEKF, GCF, and 3DVAR. The observation error is ε= 0.15E where E is the energy per mode in steady state. Compare with Figures 4, and Figures 5, 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-filtering-with-non-aliased-observations-moderately-1kad1spy.png Figure 6. Filtering with non-aliased observations; moderately turbulent regime of (8)/(29) (cf Figure 3). Snapshots of the observed, true and estimated vorticity fields (55) obtained from the filtering algorithms 3DVAR (§4.1), cSPEKF and GCF (§4.2) and the corresponding residuals between the mean estimates and the fully resolved truth. Results are shown for two spectral resolutions (2N+1)×(2N+1) of the forward models (§3.2) in the algorithms with fully observed state, M =N , in the forward models of cSPEKF, GCF, and 3DVAR. Observation error is ε= 0.15E where E is the energy per mode in steady state. Compare these results with those in Figure 4, and with Figures 5, 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-filter-accuracy-as-a-function-of-size-of-training-c8dkacrp.png Figure 8. Filter accuracy as a function of size of training data; non-aliased observations. Comparison of performance of the filtering algorithms of §4 in different dynamical regimes of (29), illustrated in Figure 3, as a function of the length of the training data used to fix the tuneable parameters in the filtering algorithms; see Appendix A. Results for estimating the truth uΛ (28) are shown for non-aliased observations (y M in (3.3.1) with M=N) and forward models (§3.2) resolving (2N+1)×(2N+1) modes, N = 50, in the filtering algorithms which yield the estimates mN ; the observation error is ε :=rmseΛ(uΛ, y Λ) = 0.15E where E is the energy per mode in steady state. The total length of the training time interval consists of 12000 simulation time steps which correspond to: (i) ∼ 220 mean decorrelation time units in the laminar regime, (ii) ∼ 560 mean decorrelation time units in the moderately turbulent regime, and (iii) ∼ 750 mean decorrelation time units in the turbulent regime. SPEKF algorithms converge within roughly 20 mean decorrelation times. Results for 3DVAR are shown for the optimal value of the multiplicative covariance inflation parameter in (38). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-filtering-with-aliased-observations-of-29-1lhycikr.png Figure 9. Filtering with aliased observations of (29). Comparison of performance of the filtering algorithms of §4 in different dynamical regimes of (29) (cf. Figure 3) in terms of the error in the mean estimates mN , using RMSE (51) and XC (53) measures for different resolutions of the forward models (§3.2); here, N =PM , M = 10 and P = 3 (see §5.2, and §3.3.2). The observation error rmseΛ(uΛ, yΛ) is in units of E - the energy per mode in steady state, and the aliased observations yA{m} are given by (35). Res lts for 3DVAR are shown for the optimal value of the multiplicative covariance inflation parameter in (38). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-filtering-with-aliased-observations-laminar-regime-1w2psnjj.png Figure 10. Filtering with aliased observations; laminar regime of (8)/(29) (cf. Figure 3). Snapshots of the observed, true and estimated vorticity fields (55) obtained from the filtering algorithms 3DVAR (§4.1), cSPEKF and GCF (§4.2) and the corresponding residuals between the mean estimates and the truth (full or primary modes). Results are shown for filtering with superresolving algorithms (N >M) and in the absence of superresolution M =N in the forward dynamics of cSPEKF, GCF, and 3DVAR (§3.2). Observation error is ε = 0.15E where E is the energy per mode in steady state. Compare with Figure 9 and see §5.2 for more information. https://scispace.com/papers/accurate-characterization-of-pure-silicon-substituted-4bjsh08fiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1h-31p-hetcor-cp-mas-experiment-recorded-on-a-si1-00ha-5xexjf26.png Fig. 8. 1H-31P HETCOR CP MAS experiment recorded on (a) Si1.00HA powder calcined at 400°C for 2h, and (b) Si0.50HA powder calcined at 1000°C for 15h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ftir-spectra-of-calcined-ha-and-siha-powders-1000degc-1ekopbiw.png Fig. 10. FTIR spectra of calcined HA and SiHA powders (1000°C / 15h) collected at room temperature, symbol ● shows additional vibrations for Si1.0HA at 500, 515, 535 cm-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-raw-siha-powders-15zulqx0.png Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of raw SiHA powders synthesized at pH = 10.8 with different silicon concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nmr-parameters-rai91xx2.png Table 2 NMR parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ftir-spectra-of-calcined-si1-0ha-powder-1000degc-15h-3k6693j2.png Fig. 12. FTIR spectra of calcined Si1.0HA powder (1000°C / 15h) under different partial pressure of steam (pH2O = 0, 80, 200 mbar and air). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-selected-area-electron-diffraction-saed-pattern-of-2vae3lng.png Fig. 5: (a) selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of heat treated Si1.0HA powder (1000°C/15h), (b) SAED of heat treated Si1.0HA powder (1000°C/15h) for the [0 1 0] zone axis, c/a= 0.730 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ir-bands-and-shoulders-assignment-proposed-by-our-ffyegab5.png Table 4 IR bands and shoulders assignment proposed by our wrk https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-conditions-of-preparation-of-ha-and-siyha-c0f3r9sz.png Table 1 Chemical conditions of preparation of HA and SiyHA samples and final composition of the calcined powders (1000°C/15h). https://scispace.com/papers/accurate-simulations-of-binary-black-hole-mergers-in-force-14tvcuqn13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-em-top-panel-and-the-gw-luminosity-23tu3jzm.png Figure 5. Evolution of the EM (top panel) and the GW luminosity (bottom panel) integrated over 2-spheres located, respectively, at r = 20, 100, and 180M . Thick lines refer to the diffused emission, while thin ones to the emission from a polar cap of 5◦ semi-opening angle; the data refer to the spinning s6 binary and both the EM and the GW luminosities are computed including modes up to the = 8 multipole. Note that the gravitational-wave zone is already well defined at 100M , while the EM one is not even at 180M . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-row-orthogonality-condition-left-panel-and-2ghwwuhi.png Figure 1. Top row: orthogonality condition (left panel) and current-sheet condition (right panel) for a single spinning BH (dimensionless spin parameter a = J/M2 = 0.7), using different prescriptions for the current: fully discrete approach (light-blue solid line), driver1 plus discrete2 (red dotted line), driver1 plus continuum (dark-blue dashed line), driver1 plus driver2 (black long-dashed line). Bottom row: the same as in the top row, but for the equal-mass non-spinning binary BH system s0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-measured-in-hours-before-the-merger-k3fo63m3.png Figure 4. Time evolution measured in hours before the merger of the EM luminosity at 100M when M = 108 M and B0 = 104 G. The thick lines refer to the total luminosity, while the thin ones to the luminosity in a polar cap of 5◦ semi-opening angle, measured using either expression (39) (red solid line), expression (40) (blue dotted line), or the flux using the Poynting vector in (41) (black dashed line). The left panel refers to the binary of non-spinning BHs (i.e., s0), while the right one to the binary with spinning BHs (i.e., s6). Note that in this latter case a certain eccentricity is detectable in the EM luminosity, although it is much smaller in the GW luminosity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-panel-evolution-of-the-real-thick-lines-and-1osccmfm.png Figure 3. Left panel: evolution of the real (thick lines) and imaginary (thin lines) parts of the = 2,m = 0 and = 2,m = 2 modes of Φ2 and Φ0, extracted at 100M for the non-spinning binary s0. Right panel: the same as in the left panel but with a scale appropriate to highlight the evolution of Re(Φ2)20 (red dotted line) and of Re(Φ0)20 (black dashed line). Both are almost constant in time and comparable, but not identical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-row-large-scale-three-dimensional-distribution-csxw5m8i.png Figure 8. Top row: large-scale three-dimensional distribution of the charge density for the s6 binary in the early inspiral phase at t = 89M (left panel), at the merger t = 672M (middle panel), and at ringdown t = 800M (right panel). In these panels only the largest values of the charge density are shown. Bottom row: three-dimensional distribution of the charge density at ringdown only, t = 800M . Starting from the left, the panels show smaller and smaller values of the charge density, revealing a much more extended conical-shaped structure with a double-helical distribution of opposite charges. Clearly, charge-density distribution is far more complex than what would be deduced from the top panels only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-panel-frequency-scaling-for-the-non-spinning-19cts79h.png Figure 6. Left panel: frequency scaling for the non-spinning binary s0 of the GW luminosity rescaled of a factor 10−10 (black solid line), of the diffused EM luminosity (red solid line), and of the collimated EM luminosity computed in a polar cap with a semi-opening angle of 5◦ (blue solid line). Note that the diffused EM luminosity has a behavior which is compatible with Ω10/3−8/3 as does as the GW luminosity. The collimated EM luminosity, on the other hand, has a scaling compatible with Ω5/3−6/3. Right panel: the same as in the left panel but reporting only the GW emission and extrapolating back in the past to determine when the collimated and the diffused emissions are comparable. For a binary with 108 M this happens ∼21 days before merger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-small-scale-two-dimensional-distribution-of-the-5kk47pux.png Figure 7. Small-scale two-dimensional distribution of the charge density for a s6 binary in the early inspiral phase at t = 89M (left column), at merger t = 672M (middle column), and at ringdown t = 800M (right column). The top panels show the charge density in the (x, y) plane, while the bottom ones in the (x, z) plane. Visualizations artifacts appear as thin stripes at the boundaries between refinement levels; the data in those stripes are of course regular. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-electric-currents-for-a-single-burduqmy.png Figure 2. Comparison of the electric currents for a single spinning BH with dimensionless spin parameter a = J/M2 = 0.7 on the plane (x, y, z = 1.92M) (top row) and on the plane (x, y = 0, z) (bottom row). All panels refer to the same time t = 102M , when the solution has reached a stationary state. The currents are computed either through the fully discrete approach of discrete1–discrete2 (left column) or through our continuous driver1–driver2 approach (right column). While both solutions satisfy the FF condition, it is clear that the use of the drivers provides also an accurate solution. https://scispace.com/papers/achievement-of-prolonged-oxygen-detection-in-room-554hrefcm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analytical-performances-by-cv-of-pt-spes-in-rtils-2gvw0ztu.png Table 1. Analytical performances by CV of Pt-SPEs in RTILs; equations for the linear calibration graphs presented in Figure 2, and corresponding limits of detection (LODs) for unpolished and polished Pt-SPEs. Also given are the peak-to-peak separations (ΔEp) for the O2/O2•- redox couple, averaged over all concentrations (10-100 % vol. O2). The electrodes were subjected to 120 CV cycles before recording calibration data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analytical-performances-by-ltca-of-polished-pt-spes-x115loks.png Table 2. Analytical performances by LTCA of polished Pt-SPEs in RTILs; equations for the linear calibration graphs presented in Figure 4, and limits of detection (LODs), for the initial ‘descending’ and subsequent ‘ascending’ sequence of O2 concentrations from LTCA (after being subjected to 120 CV cycles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cv-for-o2-reduction-in-c2mim-ntf2-on-a-an-8hjikndm.png Figure 2. CV for O2 reduction in: [C2mim][NTf2] on (a) an unpolished Pt-SPE and (b) a polished Pt-SPE, and in [C4mpyrr][NTf2] on (c) an unpolished Pt-SPE and (d) a polished Pt-SPE. Scan rate of 100 mVs-1 at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % vol. O2 after 120 CV cycles in the presence of 100 % vol. O2 was performed. The dotted lines are CVs in the absence of oxygen (after 120 CV cycles in 100 % vol. O2). The insets are the corresponding plots of O2 reduction peak current (background corrected) vs. % vol. O2 in the flow, and the line of best-fit. Error bars are represented as one standard deviation of three separate calibrations on different days. Where they are not clearly visible, the error bars are smaller than the symbol size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ltca-at-different-o2-gas-concentrations-in-a-c2mim-3vbfwg0x.png Figure 3. LTCA at different O2 gas concentrations in (a) [C2mim][NTf2] and (b) [C4mpyrr][NTf2] on unpolished (dotted line) and polished (solid line) Pt-SPEs. The gas flow was alternated between N2 and varying concentrations of O2 in the following order: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 % vol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-figures-comparison-of-the-1st-dashed-2nd-dot-38zv3fl2.png Figure 1. Main Figures: Comparison of the 1st (dashed), 2nd (dot-dashed) and 120th (solid) CV cycles of the O2/O2•- redox couple with 100 % vol. O2 in: [C2mim][NTf2] on (a) unpolished and (b) polished Pt-SPEs, and [C4mpyrr][NTf2] on (c) unpolished and (d) polished Pt-SPEs. The response in the absence of O2 is shown as a dotted line. Insets: Comparison of the 120th CVs (solid) with the blank (100% N2, dots) also subjected to 120 CV scans. Scan rate is 100 mVs-1. The waiting time between consecutive scans was 8 min. Potential shifting is due to the unstable reference electrode of the SPE, but the magnitude of the shift is smaller on the polished surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-of-background-corrected-oxygen-reduction-2ftlz8dz.png Figure 4. Plots of background corrected oxygen reduction currents vs. % vol. O2, and the lines of best-fit for (a) [C2mim][NTf2] and (b) [C4mpyrr][NTf2] on polished Pt-SPEs, extracted from LTCA measurements presented in Figure 3. The solid lines (–) represent the linear regression for the first eight ‘descending’ oxygen concentrations (5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1 % vol.), and the dashed lines (- -) for the last six ‘ascending’ oxygen concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 % vol., see Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recovery-of-fouled-pt-spe-surfaces-after-polishing-9bkvbafk.png Figure 5. Recovery of fouled Pt-SPE surfaces after polishing. The dotted line (⋯) shows CV of 100 % O2 reduction on an unpolished Pt-SPE surface, degraded after long-term CV experiments (120 cycles) in [C4mpyrr][NTf2]. The dashed line (- -) shows the CV after the RTIL (visibly browned) was rinsed off and a fresh 30 μL aliquot applied. The solid line (–) shows the CV after the RTIL was rinsed off, and the surface polished before applying a fresh 30 μL aliquot of the RTIL. Scans were conducted with a scan rate of 100 mVs-1. https://scispace.com/papers/achieving-complete-mesocolic-excision-cme-for-colon-cancer-efyeeqxfxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lap-aro-scopic-cme-for-can-cer-of-the-sig-moid-co-1wnpprj9.png FIGURE 3. LAP ARO SCOPIC CME FOR CAN CER OF THE SIG MOID CO LON. HIGH TIE AT THE OR I GIN OF THE IN FE RIOR MESENTERIC AR TERY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lap-aro-scopic-cme-for-can-cer-of-the-prox-i-mal-z4i9g6qy.png FIGURE 2. LAP ARO SCOPIC CME FOR CAN CER OF THE PROX I MAL TRANS VERSE CO LON. HIGH TIE AT THE OR I GIN OF THE MID DLE COLIC VES SELS. HYPOPYLORIC LYMPH NODE PAD AND RIGHT GAS TRO-EPIPLOIC LYMPH NODE PADS ARE RESECTED EN-BLOC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lap-aro-scopic-cme-for-can-cer-of-the-caecum-high-2ropso6a.png FIGURE 1. LAP ARO SCOPIC CME FOR CAN CER OF THE CAECUM. HIGH TIE AT THE OR I GIN ILEO-COLIC VES SELS. https://scispace.com/papers/acid-mine-drainage-treatment-by-integrated-submerged-3balum605p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-ph-on-heavy-metal-removal-from-amd-2ss7c8zg.png Fig. 6. Influence of pH on heavy metal removal from AMD solution with 500 °C heated 425 zeolite (dose = 10 ± 0.2 g/L) 426 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-natural-and-heat-treated-zeolite-with-uhlosfyn.png Table 3 Performance of natural and heat treated zeolite with AMD solution (sorbent dose 5.0 280 ± 0.2 g/L, pH 2.0 ± 0.2). 281 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pseudo-first-and-second-order-kinetic-parameters-for-35eaf9wo.png Table 7 Pseudo first and second order kinetic parameters for heavy metal sorption from 361 AMD solution at pH 2.0 ± 0.2 using 500 °C heat treated zeolite (dose =10 ± 0.2 g/L) 362 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-synthetic-amd-131-cki56hrx.png Table 1 Characteristics of synthetic AMD 131 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-edx-of-hollowfiber-membrane-a-virgin-b-used-yatkx1ex.png Fig. 8. SEM-EDX of hollowfiber membrane (a) virgin (b) used membrane with AMD in 483 submerged DCMD (c) used membrane with AMD in integrated DCMD-sorption. 484 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-set-up-of-integrated-submerged-dcmd-sorption-system-8rs3e8rh.png Fig. 1. Set-up of integrated submerged DCMD – sorption system 259 2.5.1 Membrane analysis 260 The morphology and element composition on the surface of the used and virgin membranes 261 were analysed using SEM-EDX at a voltage of 15 kV as per the details mentioned in Section 262 2.3.3. The hydrophobicity of the virgin and used membranes were evaluated by measuring 263 the water contact angle of the membrane using a goniometer (Theta Lite, Biolin Scientific, 264 Sweden). Measurements were duplicated at different location of the membrane and the 265 average value was used for this study. 266 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-edx-results-of-natural-and-500-degc-heat-treated-2q9omv42.png Fig. 4. EDX results of natural and 500 °C heat treated zeolite (before and after heavy metal 321 sorption). 322 323 324 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-a-natural-untreated-zeolite-and-500-degc-1214yeoo.png Fig. 3. SEM images of (a) natural untreated zeolite and 500 °C heat treated zeolite (b) 318 unused/before sorption and (c) after heavy metal sorption 319 https://scispace.com/papers/acinetobacter-nectaris-sp-nov-and-acinetobacter-boissieri-sp-2j8xn8llwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cont-3ir4pz48.png Table 1. cont. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neighbour-joining-tree-based-on-16s-rrna-gene-38dkts6d.png Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining tree, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationships of nectar strains of A. nectaris sp. nov. and A. boissieri sp. nov. with respect to other members of the genus Acinetobacter and representatives of closely related genera within the family Moraxellaceae. Evolutionary distances were computed using the Jukes–Cantor method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. There were a total of 1320 positions in the final dataset. All positions https://scispace.com/papers/acoustic-matching-of-a-traveling-wave-thermoacoustic-2egot8arln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-output-locations-of-traveling-wave-3iif9ko4.png Figure 2. Two output locations of traveling-wave thermoacoustic engines https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-geometric-dimensions-of-traveling-wave-27qyguaq.png Table 1. Main geometric dimensions of traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-input-acoustic-power-and-output-electric-power-vs-1kse74up.png Figure 8. Input acoustic power and output electric power vs. operating frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equivalent-displacements-x1-at-a-location-a-and-b-2gne725t.png Figure 7. Equivalent displacements |x1| at (a) location A and (b) location B with respect to output acoustic impedance Za. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-effect-of-load-resistance-on-acoustoelectric-qa3sflym.png Figure 13. Effect of load resistance on acoustoelectric efficiency of linear alternators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-linear-alternators-1f9cd5sv.png Table 2. Parameters of linear alternators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-linear-alternators-the-coils-of-the-2pqpbhld.png Figure 3. Schematic of linear alternators. The coils of the two linear alternators are connected in series with an electric capacitance Ce and a variable load resistance Rl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effect-of-load-resistance-on-input-acoustic-27zfp2xb.png Figure 12. Effect of load resistance on input acoustic impedance of linear alternators. https://scispace.com/papers/acquired-fluoroquinolone-resistance-genes-in-corneal-c67cp4zifh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-qnrvc1-associated-genomic-islands-of-1uogchkk.png Figure 5. Comparison of qnrVC1-associated genomic islands of P. aeruginosa strains. Protein-coding regions are represented by the arrows and common key features/associated genes among all strains are shown in various coloured arrows. The gradient blue and red shading represent regions of nucleotide sequence identity (100% to 65%) in forward and reverse directions, respectively, determined by BLASTn analysis. The sequences are from strains top to bottom; PA198, PA219, PA202 and PA221. Figures are drawn to scale using Easyfig [34]. (Tn3-tnp = Tn3-transposase HP= hypothetical protein, ydhC= Inner membrane transport protein, tet(R)-tet(g) = tetracycline resistance genes, qnrVC1=quinolone resistance gene, VOC = VOC family protein, aph(6)-Id = aminoglycoside resistance protein, DNA-inv = DNA invertase, aadA10= aminoglycoside resistance protein, IS110= IS110 family transposase, qacEdealta1= quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein, sul1= Dihydropteroate synthase, blaLCR-1=betalactamase gene, attC = recombination sites of gene cassette, attI = integron recombination site, IR=invert repeat). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-blast-matrix-showing-nucleotide-identity-in-19f9py3p.png Table 1: BLAST matrix showing nucleotide identity (in percentage) of crpP sequences of each isolate. Colour intensity corresponds to percentage identity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-codon-adaptation-index-of-crpp-orthologues-of-p-pnulerv0.png Figure 3. Codon adaptation index of crpP orthologues of P. aeruginosa strains. PA3742_rplS denotes 50s ribosomal protein L19 (rplS) of P. aeruginosa PAO1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-likelihood-phylogenetic-tree-based-on-core-twtxvxs9.png Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on core genome SNPs analysis using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as the reference, excluding SNPs identified in regions that had arisen by recombination, using the default parameters of Parsnp v1.2 [43]. Isolates from India are labelled red and Australian isolates are labelled blue. Numbers given at the nodes represent bootstrap values. The presence of crpP, exoU, qnrVC1, and CRISPR cas are represented by red squares. Orange squares represent the presence of mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) and fluoroquinolone (CIP = Ciprofloxacin; LEVO = Levofloxacin; and MOX = Moxifloxacin) susceptibilities are shown as a heat map with the ranges indicated in the figure. The figure was drawn using iTol v4 [41]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consensus-tree-of-33-p-aeruginosa-isolates-based-on-3rwqoqu2.png Figure 2. Consensus tree of 33 P. aeruginosa isolates, based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees (BEAST) of concatenated multi-locus sequence type (MLST) under strict clock analysis [40]. The tip of the tree was constrained by date of isolation. The time scale is shown in years at the top and each internal node is labelled with posterior probability limit. Isolates from India are labelled red and Australian isolates are labelled blue. The presence of genes crpP, exoU, qnrVC1, and CRISPRcas are represented by red squares. Orange square represents presence of mutations in quinolone resistance determining region (QRDRs), Fluoroquinolone (CIP = Ciprofloxacin; LEVO = Levofloxacin; and MOX = Moxifloxacin) susceptibilities are shown as heat maps in the grey scale indicated in the figure. The figure was drawn using iTol v4 [41]. https://scispace.com/papers/actionable-software-metrics-an-industrial-perspective-1j5nck2cqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-questionnaire-fxuh3v2g.png Table 2 Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-company-characteristics-2bmoiehq.png Table 1 Case Company Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-the-questionnaire-results-1g8s0pq6.png Table 3 Overview of the questionnaire results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-questionnaire-responses-case-company-wise-24j8mre9.png Figure 1 Questionnaire responses (case company-wise) https://scispace.com/papers/active-control-of-turbulent-boundary-layer-induced-sound-pl24kcu6ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-model-problem-5-3g5ekc1g.png Figure 1: The model problem. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reduced-order-model-2cvrzsgr.png Figure 2: Reduced order model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-case-for-b-1-amplitude-a-and-phase-b-of-the-visqjfb1.png Figure 13: Case for β < 1. Amplitude (a) and phase (b) of the collocated (solid line) and non-collocated (dashed line) transfer mobility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-mean-squared-velocity-of-the-radiating-panel-2edvys2u.png Figure 14: Mean squared velocity of the radiating panel plotted versus ξ and η in case of a point force excitation for β < 1, with ηopt(ξ = 0) (white ◦) and (ξ = 6.3, ηopt(ξ = 6.3)) (white ×) (a). Amplitude of the velocity at the centre of pr: no control (−−); passive control with ηopt(ξ = 0) (· · ·), optimal tuned active control with (ξ = 6.3, ηopt(ξ = 6.3)) (−) for β < 1 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-principal-diagonal-minors-plotted-versus-the-active-15z5c1am.png Figure 3: Principal diagonal minors plotted versus the active damping ratio ξ, (−) ∆1, (−−) ∆2, (· · ·) ∆3, (− ·−) ∆4: β > 1 (a); β < 1 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-and-space-averaged-pressure-psd-in-the-391aqepo.png Figure 8: Frequency- and space-averaged pressure PSD in the cavity c2 plotted versus ξ and η with a TBL excitation, with ηopt(ξ = 0) (white ◦): β > 1 with (ξopt , ηopt) (white ∗) (a); β < 1 with (ξ = 10, ηopt(ξ = 10)) (white ∗) (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-and-space-averaged-velocity-psd-of-the-1e9qr02f.png Figure 7: Frequency- and space-averaged velocity PSD of the radiating body plotted versus ξ and η with a TBL excitation, with ηopt(ξ = 0) (white ◦): β > 1 with (ξopt , ηopt) (white ∗) (a); β < 1 with (ξ = 10, ηopt(ξ = 10)) (white ∗) (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-frequency-averaged-pressure-psd-in-c2-for-a-tbl-o1p1eeg0.png Figure 19: Frequency-averaged pressure PSD in c2, for a TBL excitation, plotted versus ξ and η, for β > 1, with ηopt(ξ = 0) (white ◦) and (ξopt , ηopt) (white ∗) (a). Pressure PSD for β > 1: no control (−−); passive control with ηopt(ξ = 0) (· · ·); optimal tuned active control with (ξopt , ηopt) (−) (b) at (xp, yp, zp) = (Lcx/3, Lcy/3,−2Lc2z /3). https://scispace.com/papers/active-control-of-turbulent-boundary-layer-using-an-array-of-1xykftyzir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-dependence-of-a-d-and-b-rms-on-f-for-i-i-1-0o-3j9esfyo.png Fig. 4. The dependence of (a) D* and (b) rms* on f+ for i,i+1 = 0o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-dependence-of-a-d-and-b-rms-on-f-for-i-i-1-180o-3hrvrp1u.png Fig. 5. The dependence of (a) D* and (b) rms* on f+ for i,i+1 = 180o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dependence-of-a-d-and-b-rms-on-f-for-i-i-1-24o-ph5h9dc3.png Fig. 3. The dependence of (a) D* and (b) rms* on f+ for i,i+1 = 24o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-of-the-spanwise-arranged-actuator-array-uyr8xukd.png Fig. 1. The schematic of the spanwise-arranged actuator array (not in scale, units in mm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distributions-of-a-u-b-urms-u-c-skewness-and-d-34s6tanf.png Fig. 2. The distributions of (a) U+, (b) urms/u, (c) Skewness and (d) Kurtosis with respect to the normal distance (y+) https://scispace.com/papers/active-singularities-for-multivehicle-motion-planning-in-an-37oht8x161 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-actual-plus-virtual-vortex-system-in-relative-11gigsvl.png Fig. 2: (a) Actual-plus-virtual vortex system in relative equilibrium in frame R; (b)–(e) Simulation of weaker virtual vortices undergoing relative equilibrium stabilization in the presence of an actual vortex pair https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-formations-of-virtual-vortices-under-adaptive-2l9hmymf.png Fig. 3: Formations of virtual vortices under adaptive circulation control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulating-convergence-to-a-relative-equilibrium-35qde83u.png Fig. 1: Simulating convergence to a relative equilibrium centered at C0 =200+200i https://scispace.com/papers/active-sites-of-spinoxin-a-potassium-channel-scorpion-toxin-1tidw9ly4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multiple-sequence-alignment-of-a-ktx6-family-35byj73a.png Table 1. Multiple sequence alignment of α-KTx6 family. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-spectrometry-analyses-of-enzymatic-fragments-1742v59b.png Table 2. Mass spectrometry analyses of enzymatic fragments. https://scispace.com/papers/active-surface-deformation-and-sub-lithospheric-processes-in-2tnj5h80fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-schematic-diagram-of-the-1u04mr48.png Figure 3. Three-dimensional schematic diagram of the geodynamic model proposed in this study based on tomographic studies (Calvert et al. 2000; Gutscher et al., 2002; Faccenna et al., 2004 ; Spakman and Wortel, 2004). Base of the overlying lithosphere is schematically represented as a plane. C.L—continental lithospheric mantle (green domain); O.L—oceanic lithosphere (white domain). The shaded arrow represents the sinking of detached western Mediterranean slab. Black arrow is the pull of the oceanic part of the slab at depth. Red hachured area and red arrow are modeled traction patch (Fig. 2C) simulating the remaining coupling interaction between the slab and the overlying lithosphere. Blue circles are 60–120 km depth seismicity (see Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-numerical-modeling-experiments-boundary-3eh3n7gs.png Figure 2. Results of numerical modeling experiments. Boundary conditions are plotted in red in Figure 1. Shorelines are in black. RMS zone is the root mean square calculated for global positioning system sites located in zone bound by the two dashed black lines. A: Northwestsoutheast Eurasia-Nubia transpression. Homogeneous rheology Young’s modulus E = 10 11 Pa (white domain) and Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.25. B: Northwest-southeast Eurasia-Nubia transpression including Alboran Sea weak zone. Shaded zone: E = 1010 Pa and ν = 0.25. C: Northwestsoutheast Eurasia-Nubia transpression including Alboran Sea weak zone and a horizontal basal traction. Rheology is the same as in B. Black hatched area is the horizontal traction patch with a velocity of 3.6 mm/yr, 214°N directed (open black arrow), applied beneath the elastic plate at 30 km depth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-numerical-experiments-and-their-data-eizj0mbv.png TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF THE NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS AND THEIR DATA FIT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-positioning-system-velocities-vernant-et-al-zjy80urf.png Figure 1. Global positioning system velocities (Vernant et al. 2010) in Nubia fi xed reference frame and 95% confi dence ellipses. Gray arrows indicate velocities consistent with Iberia or Nubia plate motion; black arrows indicate velocities inconsistent with either Iberia or Nubia. Colored circles depict earthquakes with Mw > 3.5 (National Earthquake Information Center–U.S. Geological Survey, 1973–2009; http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/). Major geological structures are simplifi ed from Jolivet et. al (2008) and Zitellini et al. (2009); red fault—Boussekkour fault; AH eq—M = 6 Al Hoceima earthquake of 1994 (from www.globalcmt.org); Alb—Alboran Sea. Boundary conditions of the elastic plate model are shown in red. Inset: Tectonic sketch of the western Mediterranean. Black box outlines study area; Mo—Morocco; Med. sea—Mediterranean sea; hachured areas— Alpine orogenic belts. https://scispace.com/papers/activin-receptor-ligand-trap-for-the-treatment-of-b-15h67t2muk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tgf-b-pathway-and-activin-receptors-ligand-traps-a-wxby9hdi.png Figure 1. TGF-β pathway and activin receptors ligand traps. A) Canonical signaling trough Smad2/3 activation. Ligand binding induces dimerization of type II receptors and to oligomerization with type I receptors; the activated multimers activate Smad2/3s by phosphorylating them and triggering the formation of the complex with Smad4. pSmad2/3-Smad4 complex translocates to the nucleus regulating specific gene expression. Dimeric ligands and receptors appear as monomers only to simplify the picture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tgf-b-pathway-and-activin-receptors-ligand-traps-b-2f9unc83.png Figure 1. TGF-β pathway and activin receptors ligand traps. A) Canonical signaling trough Smad2/3 activation. Ligand binding induces dimerization of type II receptors and to oligomerization with type I receptors; the activated multimers activate Smad2/3s by phosphorylating them and triggering the formation of the complex with Smad4. pSmad2/3-Smad4 complex translocates to the nucleus regulating specific gene expression. Dimeric ligands and receptors appear as monomers only to simplify the picture. https://scispace.com/papers/acute-effects-of-caffeine-on-strength-performance-in-trained-3ce430an93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-trained-n-7-and-untrained-24ffpy35.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for Trained (n=7) and Untrained (n=7) groups within Control, Placebo and Caffeine conditions. All values are mean ± standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/acute-effects-of-contract-relax-cr-stretch-versus-a-modified-4nq0jx4aiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-se-achilles-tendon-stiffness-and-gastrocnemius-hue1atr5.png Fig. 6 Mean (± SE) Achilles tendon stiffness and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle stiffness before and after stretching. Significant reductions in Achilles tendon stiffness (a) were observed after contract-relax (CR; 20.4%) and stretch-return-contract (SRC; 15.7%) stretching. Significant reductions in GM muscle stiffness (b) were found after CR (21.7%) and SRC (21.3%) stretching. No difference in the reductions in muscle and tendon stiffness was found between conditions (P > 0.05). *Significant to P < 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-se-passive-plantar-flexor-moment-before-and-after-55rh2isf.png Fig. 5 Mean (± SE) passive plantar flexor moment before and after stretching. Passive moment (a) was reduced after stretching at all dorsiflexion angles along the joint moment-angle curve (one subject’s data depicted during a contract-relax trial). Significant reductions in the slope of the passive moment curve (b) were found after contract-relax (CR; 19.1%) and stretch-return-contract (SRC; 13.3%) stretching. No difference was found in the changes in passive moment between conditions (P > 0.05). #Significant to P < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-se-dorsiflexion-range-of-motion-rom-before-and-htomxvw5.png Fig. 4 Mean (± SE) dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) before and after stretching. Significant increases in dorsiflexion ROM were found after contract-relax (CR; 4.1°) and stretch-return-contract (SRC; 4.0°) stretching. No difference was found in the changes in ROM between conditions. *Significant to P < 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ultrasound-image-of-the-gastrocnemius-medialis-gm-18cj7vu1.png Fig. 3 Ultrasound image of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM)-Achilles muscle-tendon junction (MTJ). Real-time ultrasound imaging was used to record the position (and displacement) of the GM-Achilles MTJ. The MTJ was identified as the point where the deep GM and superficial soleus (Sol) aponeuroses and superficial GM aponeurosis merged with the Achilles tendon. Displacement of the MTJ from the distal edge of the image (D) was synchronized with motion analysis data to calculate GM muscle and Achilles tendon lengths https://scispace.com/papers/acute-hantavirus-infection-presenting-as-haemolytic-uraemic-52yq62v6i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schistocytes-in-peripheral-blood-smear-arrows-b-c-3k7ksbwf.png Fig. 1 a Schistocytes in peripheral blood smear (arrows). b, c Peripheral immunoblasts defined as enlarged lymphoid cells with little, moderate to deep basophilic cytoplasm, a large reticular nucleus with uniform chromatin and variably prominent nucleoli. d Bone marrow with the presence of an immunoblast (lower left), a band neutrophil (top) and a promyelocyte (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-blood-results-on-admission-or-10-days-after-the-1sg9uhj5.png Table 1 Blood results on admission or 10 days after the onset of symptoms. Mild coagulopathy was suggested by decreased levels of antithrombin activity, protein C and protein S, together with thrombocytopaenia and slightly elevated level of schistocytes and D-dimers https://scispace.com/papers/adapting-cleft-care-protocols-in-low-and-middle-income-5aodo7ixms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-composition-of-the-working-group-2xf5ojh6.png Table 1: The composition of the working group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recommended-time-sensitive-prioritisation-of-3qravzp5.png Table 3: Recommended time-sensitive prioritisation of surgical procedures and access to comprehensive cleft care https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cleft-surgery-safety-measures-that-were-routine-2wee27nu.png Table 2: Cleft surgery safety measures that were routine before COVID-19 and specific adaptations for consideration during and after COVID-19 https://scispace.com/papers/adaptation-performance-and-vapnik-chervonenkis-dimension-of-315v8qigg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-risk-vc-fitness-vs-erm-fitness-3m754ohn.png Table 1. Prediction Risk: VC-fitness vs. ERM-fitness https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sr-over-200-independent-runs-for-the-crossover-2l41ic14.png Table 2. SR over 200 independent runs for the crossover operators https://scispace.com/papers/adapting-cognitive-task-analysis-to-elicit-the-skill-chain-16idypc2c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simplified-paradox-skill-chain-hand-authored-by-one-18hbz2tq.png Figure 5. Simplified Paradox skill chain hand-authored by one of the game’s designers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-example-skill-chain-2a3oed8e.png Figure 1. A sample example skill chain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-screenshot-of-the-game-paradox-analyzed-in-our-2ubxt5j7.png Figure 3. A screenshot of the game Paradox analyzed in our case study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-skill-chain-for-tetris-taken-and-simplified-from-cfsx11vr.png Figure 2. Skill chain for Tetris, taken and simplified from Cook [14]. https://scispace.com/papers/adapting-the-management-of-mountain-forests-to-new-3nw37eod93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-forestry-decisions-per-forest-class-according-2d6pysda.png TABLE 1 Basic forestry decisions per forest class according to degree of naturalness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-and-regional-maps-of-environmental-and-risk-e2i0we2m.png TABLE 1 Basic forestry decisions per forest class according to degree of naturalness. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-and-big-data-scale-parallel-execution-in-oracle-1wgq6iwb3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adaptive-rollup-performance-1dszj7fv.png Table 4. Adaptive Rollup Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rollup-pushdown-parallel-plan-pu916ld7.png Figure 3. Rollup Pushdown Parallel Plan https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reporting-aggregates-performance-13wwbxq7.png Table 5. Reporting Aggregates Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parallelization-on-extended-keys-s5sppwro.png Figure 6. Parallelization on Extended Keys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hash-hash-distribution-plan-eij3tyxs.png Figure 10. Hash-Hash Distribution Plan https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-data-for-reporting-aggregates-39vlezgl.png Table 1. Sample Data for Reporting Aggregates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-reporting-aggregate-performance-3c4hakjo.png Figure 17. Reporting Aggregate Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-ranking-cumulative-performance-1pmnyjl2.png Figure 18. Ranking & Cumulative Performance https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-bilateral-filtering-using-saliency-map-for-gk55hm4vey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-framework-of-post-filtering-using-adaptive-3cmkrqen.png Fig. 1. The framework of post-filtering using adaptive bilateral filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frames-from-video-ar-top-and-video-cr-bottom-a-and-d-3ttrimd8.png Fig. 4. Frames from Video AR (top) and Video CR (bottom). (a) and (d) are original images (in-loop deblocking filter is disabled at 200kbps), (b) and (e) are results using standard bilateral filter, (c) and (f) are results using adaptive bilateral filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-psnr-ssim-andmsdst-lower-values-is-better-3gix9fmw.png Table 1. The PSNR, SSIM, andMSDSt (lower values is better forMSDSt) results of H.264/AVC encoded videos using default in-loop deblocking filter, DCT-based deblocking, standard bilateral filtering, and the proposed adaptive bilateral filtering for various bit rates. The results are presented as an average from four test videos. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-original-image-b-spatio-temporal-guidance-map-c-31273ds2.png Fig. 2. (a) original image, (b) spatio-temporal guidance map, (c) phase congruency image which capture corners and edges. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-blind-source-separation-for-virtually-any-source-56ks8da9ma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-modulus-of-global-system-coefficients-averaged-over-lgwyss3k.png Fig. 15. Modulus of global system coefficients averaged over 100 mixture realizations. Three-source (binary-uniform-sinusoid) three-sensor scenario. EASI method, cubic nonlinearities, = 4:5 10 , fixed mixing matrix with condition numbern = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-modulus-of-global-system-coefficients-averaged-over-wxighlbn.png Fig. 14. Modulus of global system coefficients averaged over 100 mixture realizations. Three-source (binary-uniform-sinusoid) three-sensor scenario. adEML method, = = 4:5 10 , fixed mixing matrix with condition numbern = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-global-system-trajectories-averaged-over-100-3a4wqeer.png Fig. 12. Global system trajectories averaged over 100 independent signalrealizations in the separation of a uniform and a binary source from two observations by the EASI method, cubic nonlinearities, = 10 , fixed mixing matrix with condition numbern . Solid lines:n = 10. Dashed lines:n = 10 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-global-matrix-coefficients-averaged-over-100-f60b59vr.png Fig. 13. Global matrix coefficients averaged over 100 independent signal realizations in the separation of a uniform and a binary source from two measurements by the AROT method, = = 10 , fixed mixing matrix with condition numbern . Solid lines:n = 10. Dashed lines:n = 10 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-of-the-ademl-centroid-trajectory-for-a-mixture-l8sjheme.png Fig. 8. Example of the adEML centroid trajectory for a mixture of two uniform distributions = 2 10 ; first 5 10 iterations. Solid line: Adaptive estimator (8). Dashed line: ODE solution (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-nonstationary-rotation-angle-two-uniform-sources-1wdnst9z.png Fig. 10. Nonstationary rotation angle. Two uniform sources. Steady solid line: True angle . Oscillating solid line: Angle estimated by adEML = 2 10 . Dashed line: Angle estimated by EASI = 5:5 10 . Results are averaged over 100 independent Monte Carlo iterations. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-co-management-as-an-approach-to-tourism-destination-10tyeedoox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-structure-of-the-thesis-l8x1cac4.png Figure 1.4: Structure of the thesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-steps-of-data-analysis-procedure-source-marshall-20plt97f.png Figure 1.3: Steps of data analysis procedure Source: Marshall and Rossman (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-the-relationships-occurring-among-the-acm-1bzw1wiw.png Figure 5.2: The relationships occurring among the ACM approach, governance, and social learning in a tourism destination governance context https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-acm-principles-and-features-2c6l0x5n.png Table 2.1: ACM principles and features https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-future-research-questions-2xk5rfsx.png Table 2.2: Future research questions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-major-findings-and-relationships-among-the-three-1yp4b9qa.png Figure 5.1: Major findings and relationships among the three manuscripts https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-reasons-for-preferring-acm-as-an-alternative-2wqatkyy.png Table 5.3: Reasons for preferring ACM as an alternative protected area management approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-impacts-of-tourism-on-the-protected-areas-of-3d2yfrwz.png Table 1.2: Impacts of tourism on the protected areas of Bangladesh https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-constructive-interval-disjunction-172la31fsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-optimization-problems-acid1-results-1s37we8x.png Table III OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS: ACID1 RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-task-of-the-var3bcid-procedure-the-parameter-s3b-is-3djyt4h7.png Figure 1. Task of the var3BCID procedure. The parameter s3b is set to 10 and scid is set to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continuous-csp-solving-acid1-results-for-each-2ftdaizf.png Table I CONTINUOUS CSP SOLVING: ACID1 RESULTS. FOR EACH PROBLEM, WE PRESENT ITS NUMBER OF VARIABLES AND THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY ACID1: THE CPU TIME, THE NUMBER OF BRANCHING NODES IN THE SEARCH TREE, THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF VARCIDED VARIABLES (TUNED BY ACID1 DYNAMICALLY). WE ALSO REPORT THE BEST AND THE WORST METHODS AMONG ACID1, HC4, 3BCID-fp, AND 3BCID-n, THE CPU TIME RATIO OF ACID1 OVER THE BEST METHOD AND OVER THE WORST METHOD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-optimization-problems-gain-ratio-in-solving-time-3doj3r5a.png Table IV OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS: GAIN RATIO IN SOLVING TIME: TIME ACID1/TIME XXX https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ncsp-solving-time-gain-ratios-we-report-the-number-2cuws75o.png Table II NCSP: SOLVING TIME GAIN RATIOS. WE REPORT THE NUMBER OF PROBLEMS SOLVED BEFORE 3600 S AND BEFORE 10,000 S, AND DIFFERENT STATISTICS ON THE CPU TIME GAIN RATIO OF ACID1 OVER EACH COMPETITOR Ci (ONE PER COLUMN): THE AVERAGE, MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AND STANDARD DEVIATION VALUES OF THIS RATIO acid1 time https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-kalman-filter-approach-and-butterworth-filter-14xxycll3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustrates-the-kalman-filter-response-of-ecg-2zcdce3m.png Figure 3 illustrates the Kalman filter response of ECG signal and blue line shows the true response of the filter and red shows the filtered response of the signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-performance-parameters-of-kalman-3byrn2vi.png Table 1 Comparison between performance parameters of Kalman and Butterworth filter. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-log-compression-for-massive-log-data-58hg81zr37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-bucket-budget-and-history-depth-1ougormq.png Figure 2: Effect of bucket budget and history depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snippet-from-the-red-storm-hpc-server-log-when-all-1ai5zscn.png Figure 1: Snippet from the Red Storm HPC server log. When all entries have been processed, we compress B1, . . . , Bg independently in parallel. We base our construction of σ by viewing each log entry as a set of elements (e.g., q-grams). We then develop a log signature σ based on the k-minimum value synopses [1]. Different similarity functions sim can be used; we report only the one that is a variant of the Jaccard similarity. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-matching-for-compact-mimo-systems-4k260xartb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adaptive-matching-results-for-100-runs-asterisk-marked-21vmha4l.png Fig. 2. Adaptive matching results for 100 runs (asterisk marked points) with initial load 𝑍0 = 50Ω and normalized mean capacity contour for uniform ((a) and (b)) and Laplacian distributions with (𝜙0, 𝜎) = (0∘, 40∘) at (c)-(d), and (90∘, 67∘) at (e)-(f). 𝑆𝑁𝑅 = 5 dB for (a),(c),(e) and 20 dB for (b),(d) and (f) is considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimized-mean-capacity-and-the-corresponding-load-29qk2jbg.png TABLE I OPTIMIZED MEAN CAPACITY AND THE CORRESPONDING LOAD IMPEDANCES 𝑍𝐿(Ω) FOR THE UNIFORM AND LAPLACIAN (𝜙0 ,𝜎) SCATTERING DISTRIBUTIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-capacity-versus-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-2axlwfzw.png Fig. 1. Mean capacity versus real and imaginary parts of the antenna load impedance 𝑍𝐿 for uniform ((a) and (b)) and Laplacian distributions with (𝜙0, 𝜎) = (0∘, 40∘) at (c)-(d), and (90∘, 67∘) at (e)-(f). Signal to noise ratio 5 dB for (a),(c),(e) and 20 dB for (b),(d) and (f) is considered. The optimum loads which maximise the mean capacity are marked by black squares for all cases. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-modally-addressed-liquid-crystal-lenses-ef166gujj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-arrangement-for-taking-interferograms-of-2jqyvzoz.png Fig. 6. Experimental arrangement for taking interferograms of working modal liquid crystal lenses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-interferograms-of-a-modal-liquid-crystal-lens-diameter-1xem310u.png Fig. 8. Interferograms of a modal liquid crystal lens (diameter 7 mm, thickness 20 µm, E44 (1% C15) liquid crystal). The upper row of images shows the trend of increasing applied voltage, whilst the frequency remains constant. The lower row of images is taken at increasing frequencies, whilst held at constant voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photographs-of-modal-liquid-crystal-lenses-diameter-7-1ph22ie8.png Fig. 7. Photographs of modal liquid crystal lenses, (diameter 7 mm, thickness 20 µm) filled with either E44 (with 1% C15) or K15 liquid crystal, held between crossed polarisers and driven using different voltages and frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-liquid-crystal-cell-with-high-resistance-8yilpn08.png Fig. 1. Simple liquid crystal cell with high resistance electrode, AC driven from one end only, and corresponding equivalent circuit and voltage profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equivalent-circuit-for-simple-liquid-crystal-cell-with-39ik617b.png Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit for simple liquid crystal cell with high resistance electrode, AC driven at both ends, and corresponding voltage and phase profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-circuit-for-a-modal-liquid-crystal-lens-3ryd7skc.png Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit for a modal liquid crystal lens. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-packet-video-streaming-over-p2p-networks-2eqpbdv8zu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-drop-ratio-of-ip-packet-video-in-both-their-impact-2rku5827.png Figure 5: Drop Ratio of IP packet video in both their impact on traffic modeling in ATM systems", in scenarios Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Local Computer Networks, Minneapolis, MN, 1995, pp. 397-406. 6 Conclusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-video-throughputs-for-original-and-7-references-mdc-1i5f17e0.png Figure 3: Video Throughputs for original and 7 References MDC Layers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-the-received-video-traffic-at-node-r-in-each-ivjm2bka.png Figure 4 shows the received video traffic at node “R” in each scenario along with the expected video quality when using the three MDC layer. As we can see the adaptation allow maximizing the received throughput compared to scenario without quality adaptation. Even with quality adaptation, the received throughput is less than the expected one since the heavily stress the network with CBR/UDP traffic. The CBR traffic causes a lot of packet drops which are presented in Figure 5. The same comment is applied to this figure as the packet drop ratio is much lesser in scenario with quality adaptation compared to scenario without adaptation. Due to space limitation, we are unable to present the exact events when the peer switching is performed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-topology-36wzqepg.png Figure 2: Simulation Topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-peer-to-peer-multimedia-streaming-architecture-r7g9bcwu.png Figure 1: Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-networks-as-a-model-for-human-speech-development-3rjejfo36t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-learning-curves-for-stresses-during-training-of-314utxga.png Figure 3. Learning curves for stresses during training of children informal speech. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-learning-curves-for-phonemes-during-training-on-345g6m80.png Figure 2. Learning curves for phonemes during training on children informal speech. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-learning-curves-for-phonemes-during-training-on-p7tvucvf.png Figure 6. Learning curves for phonemes during training on adult speech using different window sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-learning-curves-for-phonemes-during-training-on-3fut7loa.png Figure 7. Learning curves for phonemes during training on Spanish using different window sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-nettalk-architecture-for-informal-children-adult-3gckaeyf.png Figure I. NETtalk architecture for informal children, adult, and Spanish speech training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-learning-curves-for-phonemes-during-training-on-2cr46k42.png Figure 4. Learning curves for phonemes during training on children informal speech, adult speech, and Spanish. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-learning-curves-for-phonemes-during-training-on-m05rh0jo.png Figure 5. Learning curves for phonemes during training on Spanish and adult speech for first and second mappings. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-paternal-effects-experimental-evidence-that-the-414183slg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-manipulating-paternal-density-on-offspring-31u9jhnz.png FIG. 2. Effect of manipulating paternal density on offspring post-metamorphic survival across low- and high-density offspring environments. Offspring sired from high-density males are shown in black; offspring sired by low-density males are shown in gray. (a) Absolute survival. Points are mean survival proportions for each set of six replicates per treatment combination per trial. Low offspring density values have been jittered slightly so that each point can be seen clearly. High offspring density values are mean densities for each set of six replicates. (b) Relative survival. Points are relative survival, calculated by dividing each point by the average survival within each environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-manipulating-paternal-density-on-offspring-1ff66thb.png FIG. 1. Effect of manipulating paternal density on offspring developmental traits. Offspring sired from high-density males are shown in black; offspring sired by low-density males are shown in gray. Large points in panel (a) show the probability (mean 6 SE) of hatching into a larva with a normal phenotype. The small points linked by lines are the hatching probabilities for each trial, as estimated by the mixed-effects logistic model. The box and whisker plots in panel (b) represent raw values of time from fertilization to hatching. The thick lines are medians, boxes are 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles, and whiskers indicate maximum and minimum values accounting for outliers (circles). https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-rate-ds-cdma-systems-using-variable-spreading-46y1hloxjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-transition-diagram-modeling-the-number-of-active-1bt74qcl.png Fig. 1. State-transition diagram modeling the number of active interfering users with the aid of a Markov chain havingK states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spreading-factor-versus-the-number-of-active-users-gacqs5hr.png Fig. 5. Spreading factor versus the number of active users required for achieving the target BER of P = 0:01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performance-versus-the-number-of-interfering-users-2v6a3d97.png Fig. 6. BER performance versus the number of interfering users when the number of users obeys the distribution of (4), while employing the spreading factors according to Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-performance-versus-the-number-of-active-users-for-1sq5lwu1.png Fig. 3. BER performance versus the number of active users for the parameters of = 0 dB and spreading factors of N = 8, 16, 24, 40, 56, 80, 112, and 120 computed from (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-markov-characteristics-of-the-number-of-active-1jbobvgg.png Fig. 2. Markov characteristics of the number of active interfering users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-throughput-performance-comparison-of-the-constant-3ewcibyc.png Fig. 8. Throughput performance comparison of the constant spreading factor assisted nonadaptive DS-CDMA scheme and the VSF-assisted adaptive DS-CDMA arrangement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-throughput-density-and-throughput-cumulative-functions-8sb99rb2.png Fig. 7. Throughput density and throughput cumulative functions versus the number of users when the number of interfering users obeys the distribution of (4), while employing the variable spreading factors according to Fig. 5 for the target BER of P = 0:01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-data-structure-of-the-transmitted-signal-in-adaptive-39mvgcn8.png Fig. 4. Data structure of the transmitted signal in adaptive rate DS-CDMA systems using VSF-assisted adaptive rate transmissions. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-spatial-compounding-for-improving-ultrasound-images-1kdg8cogo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-laplacian-of-a-slice-at-ligamentum-flavum-1sgk82pw.png Table 1. Maximum Laplacian of a slice at ligamentum flavum for a human subject in set 1 (this analysis should be done for each set of ultrasound transducer parameters) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-epidural-needle-insertion-midline-approach-the-3kau8tx3.png Figure 1. Epidural needle insertion, midline approach. The epidural space is circled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gradient-and-laplacian-at-regions-of-interest-for-3480xtmb.png Table 2. Gradient and Laplacian at regions of interest for human subjects for several methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-images-for-subject-15-and-5-the-region-in-the-white-22skr3zq.png Figure 3. Images for subject 15 and 5; the region in the white rectangle is used for quantitative evaluation of features near the epidural space, the structure being pointed to is the ligamentum flavum doublet and the circled structure is the lamina or bone boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-cost-of-spatial-compounding-with-17kmctiw.png Table 4. Computational cost of spatial compounding with warping for different parts of the algorithm. CPU time is calculated using a P4 3.0GHz with 1GB RAM, and a warping search region of ±4×±4 (set 2 with image size 636 x 359) and ±8×±2 (set 1 with image size 726 x 423) pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ultrasound-image-of-the-lumbar-spine-with-speckle-5txhoj3z.png Figure 2. a) Ultrasound image of the lumbar spine with speckle noise and shadowing. A sagittal paramedian plane is used. b) Outlines of the reference and two beam steered images are shown. Spatial compounding uses positive and negative isonation angles to produce a set of beam-steered images that are subsequently combined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-for-subject-15-after-compounding-the-vaqg0l7f.png Figure 4. Images for subject 15 after compounding. The epidural space is the short horizontal line-pair near the middle. a) reference image, b) simple compounding, c) compounding with warping, d) compounding with warping and LP2+, e) median-based compounding with warping, f) median-based compounding with warping and LP2+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-images-for-subject-17-after-compounding-the-348dcwpo.png Figure 5. Images for subject 17 after compounding. The epidural space is the short horizontal line-pair at the bottom-left. a) reference image, b) simple compounding, c) compounding with warping, d) compounding with warping and LP2+, e) median-based compounding with warping, f) median-based compounding with warping and LP2+. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptively-applying-modus-ponens-in-conditional-logics-of-39ngd5q5ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrations-and-examples-2k35qbrt.png Figure 1: Illustrations and Examples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrations-and-examples-2grxpxud.png Figure 2: Illustrations and Examples https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-strategies-for-dynamic-pricing-agents-4x2izmnykt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-profits-obtained-from-strategies-with-24v6g65j.png Table II COMPARISON OF PROFITS OBTAINED FROM STRATEGIES WITH BROWNIAN MOTION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-profits-obtained-from-strategies-3f4v85gt.png Table I COMPARISON OF PROFITS OBTAINED FROM STRATEGIES WITHOUT BROWNIAN MOTION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-similar-to-table-iv-but-with-brownian-motion-1myo35rc.png Table V SIMILAR TO TABLE IV, BUT WITH BROWNIAN MOTION. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-prices-set-by-strategies-in-a-13phb776.png Figure 1. Illustration of the prices set by strategies in a single instance. ’brw’ is the average valuation of the customer population for firm 0’s good which follows a Brownian motion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-results-using-the-parameters-3gjmypa6.png Table IV COMPARISON OF RESULTS USING THE PARAMETERS OPTIMIZED FOR THE STANDARD CASE AND CASES IN WHICH DEMAND CHANGES BETWEEN 80% AND 140% OF THE STANDARD DEMAND; THE ‘PROFIT OPT’ COLUMN SHOWS THE AVERAGE PROFIT OBTAINED WHEN USING THE OPTIMIZED PARAMETERS FOR EACH CASE, AND THE ‘PROFIT STD’ COLUMN SHOWS THE AVERAGE REVENUE OBTAINED USING THE PARAMETERS OPTIMIZED FOR THE STANDARD CASE. THE LAST COLUMN SHOWS THE AMOUNT OF PROFIT LOSS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pairwise-comparison-of-the-strategies-with-36jri5uv.png Table III PAIRWISE COMPARISON OF THE STRATEGIES WITH BROWNIAN MOTION. https://scispace.com/papers/adding-semantic-extension-to-wikis-for-enhancing-cultural-30svqmfveu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wikibridges-architecture-2fq8omby.png Fig. 2. WikiBridge’s Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-user-interaction-layer-2mcrlv1r.png Fig. 3. User interaction layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-openlayers-interface-interacting-with-a-web-service-of-7pu96nda.png Fig. 5. OpenLayers interface interacting with a web service of WikiBridge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-annotation-wizard-30vs3k6f.png Fig. 4. Annotation wizard https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-religious-concepts-in-care-project-sj8h36ma.png Fig. 6. Religious concepts in CARE project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-of-the-care-corpus-2lj3vgyw.png Fig. 1. Conceptual model of the CARE corpus https://scispace.com/papers/adding-pep-to-real-time-distributed-commit-processing-3wlape7uv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-sequential-execution-rc-dc-32awybff.png Figure 4a: Sequential Execution (RC + DC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-highly-distributed-pure-dc-2519ctey.png Figure 5b: Highly Distributed (Pure DC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-highly-distributed-rc-dc-339bbcbv.png Figure 5b: Highly Distributed (Pure DC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-pep-and-prompt-protocols-2ibsqh6f.png Figure 1. Comparison of the PEP and PROMPT protocols https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-model-parameters-28f78slw.png Table 3. Simulation Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-experimental-results-24a59zir.png Table 5. Summary of Experimental Results https://scispace.com/papers/adding-some-smartness-to-devices-and-everyday-things-2xpxiez0ee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tea-is-based-on-a-layered-architecture-for-2i2uxabc.png Figure 1. TEA is based on a layered architecture for abstraction from raw sensor data to multisensor-based context. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mediacup-is-an-ordinary-coffee-cup-with-sensors-psx61hm4.png Figure 3. The Mediacup is an ordinary coffee cup with sensors, processing and communication embedded in the base. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-current-implementation-of-the-tea-awareness-1zu5wpww.png Figure 2. The current implementation of the TEA awareness device has about the size of a mobile phone battery pack. https://scispace.com/papers/addressing-limitations-in-existing-simplified-liquefaction-4n60u78fcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-commonly-used-rd-relationships-proposed-gfz6kufl.png Fig. 3 Comparison of commonly used rd relationships proposed by Liao and Whitman (1986), 246 Cetin (2000), Idriss (2000), and Lasley et al. (2016) (Eq. 2) for two different earthquake scenarios: 247 (a) M 5.5 and amax = 0.1g, and (b) M 7.5 and amax = 0.3g. Note: Liao and Whitman (1986) 248 relationship is only a function of depth; Idriss (1999) and Lasley et al. (2016) (Eq. 2) are only 249 dependent on M and depth; and Cetin (2000) is dependent on M, amax, and depth. 250 251 3.2 Magnitude Scaling Factor: MSF 252 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sample-vs-profile-at-the-location-of-one-of-the-many-3sf5stf1.png Fig. 9 Sample VS profile at the location of one of the many ground-motion recording stations in 486 the field. The plot on the left is the full profile down to reference rock horizon (depth of ~800 m), 487 and the plot on the right is an enlarged view of the upper 60 m of the profile. (Rodriguez-Marek et 488 al. 2017) 489 https://scispace.com/papers/admixture-and-genetic-relationships-of-mexican-mestizos-4xkf931jcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-mds-plot-of-fst-genetic-distances-among-mexican-2afhdlc0.png Fig. 2. (A) MDS plot of FST genetic distances among Mexican (+), Central America ( ), South American ( ), and Caribbean (*) populations. Significant clusters are indicated between Mexican populations, as well as two Caribbean populations. (B) NJ tree based on Nei’s genetic distances between populations from Mexico, Central America, South American, the Caribbean, and ancestral references (Afr, Eur, Ame). For abbreviations’ meaning consult Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-population-structure-analyses-amova-based-on-13-3hosdg65.png Table 2 Population structure analyses (AMOVA) based on 13 CODIS-STRs in Mexico, Central America, South America and The Caribbean.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-allele-frequencies-and-statistical-parameters-of-1ltjoa4x.png Table 3 Allele frequencies and statistical parameters of forensic importance for 15 STRs (Identifiler kit) in Mexican Mestizos from Tijuana, Baja California State (Northwest), Mexico (n = 409). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-standard-deviation-of-european-eur-african-afr-and-gd38pw2c.png Fig. 4. Standard deviation ( ) of European (Eur), African (Afr) and Amerindian (Ame) components in populations from Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Abbreviation meaning can be consulted in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-admixture-components-k-3-estimated-in-populations-uctppgo0.png Fig. 3. (A) Admixture components (k = 3) estimated in populations from Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and ancestral references: Amerindian (Ame), African (Afr), and European (Eur). (B) Supervised analysis with STRUCTURE to obtain ancestry estimates in Latin American and Caribbean populations. Individual ancestry is represented in vertical bars. Abbreviation meaning can be consulted in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geographic-region-abbreviation-sample-size-and-xhir5uyt.png Table 1 Geographic region, abbreviation, sample size and reference of the admixed population analyzed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographic-location-of-the-mexican-central-america-2tm60l6f.png Fig. 1. Geographic location of the Mexican, Central America, South American, and Caribbean populations analyzed here. Shadow areas indicate the Mexican states and countries included in this study. Abbreviation meaning can be consulted in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/adoption-of-social-media-search-systems-an-is-success-model-462ritv98q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-research-model-3ixpt1on.png Figure 2 - The Research Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reliability-test-results-331kio3f.png Table 1 - Reliability Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-research-model-testing-results-gfqns41b.png Figure 3 - Research Model Testing Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1hr17285.png Table 2 - Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-validity-test-results1-uafuz1me.png Table 3 - Validity Test Results1 https://scispace.com/papers/ads-3-w-s-3-s-3-s-1-solutions-of-type-iib-string-theory-578txptsde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-desingularisation-of-s2-sf-kxnqg0jy.png Figure 1: Desingularisation of Σ2 ∪−Σf . https://scispace.com/papers/adsorption-of-n-c-60-on-si-100-4bnenc5y4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pictured-above-are-all-the-r2-configurations-that-have-30v3wb2l.png Fig. 1. Pictured above are all the r2 configurations that have been investigated in this study. The pale orange strips represent the dimer rows. The silicon dimers with which the cage bonds are represented by the yellow and orange bars. The yellow part represents one silicon atom of the pair, and orange part represents the other silicon atom. The white region between the dimer rows represents the trench. Carbon atoms are depicted as white circles, with the exception of those which bond with the silicon surface which are depicted as grey circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pictured-above-are-all-the-t4-configurations-that-have-skeeuw2k.png Fig. 2. Pictured above are all the t4 configurations that have been investigated in this study. The colour scheme is the same as used in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-fourteen-configurations-investigated-here-are-o75sknui.png Table 2 The fourteen configurations investigated here are placed in the table above in descending order of stability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-binding-energies-of-the-c60-molecule-on-the-si-100-37tqr804.png Table 1 Binding energies of the C60 molecule on the Si(100) surface in eV. For comparison, the results of previous calculations [16,22] are given. The results using SIESTA include the Boys-Bernardi correction [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-r2a-configuration-for-the-c60-on-the-left-and-the-2qcvjwfy.png Fig. 3. The r2a configuration for the C60 on the left, and the N@C60 on the right, with the accompanying ratios of the negative eigenvalues. For the C60, the bond ratios for the isolated cage are bracketed underneath, and are shown in black. The differences between the ratios for the r2a configuration and the isolated cage are shown in red for a decrease in the C60 bond ratio from the isolated cage, and are shown in green for an increase in the C60 bond ratio from the isolated cage. Those bond ratios that remain unchanged, are shown in black. For the N@C60, the differences between the C60 and N@C60 bond ratios are shown in blue, with an arrow indicating the direction of change. For both diagrams the carbon atoms that bond with the silicon surface are shown in grey, and those carbon atoms that do not bond with the silicon surface are shown in white. https://scispace.com/papers/adsorption-of-monovalent-and-multivalent-cations-and-anions-46c5rre6xa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-panoramic-view-of-the-condensed-small-ion-densi-near-16f9gxjz.png FIG. 4. Panoramic view of the condensed small ion densi near the DNA surface forqc51, qs51 ~set 1!, Cs50.1 mol/l, and the ECM. The density unit is 0.22 mol/l. Dot-dashed lines: dis bution on the phosphate strands; full lines: distribution in the mi groove; dashed lines: distribution in the major groove. Lines w out or with symbols correspond to cationrc (1) or anionrc (2) densities. The value of the cation distribution is much larger than anion distribution~where the latter is enhanced by a factor of 10!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-panoramic-view-of-the-condensed-small-ion-densi-near-15owa6ub.png FIG. 5. Panoramic view of the condensed small ion densi near the DNA surface for the cylinder model. The parameters the same as in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-panoramic-view-of-the-condensed-small-ion-densi-near-32ocbx81.png FIG. 6. Panoramic view of the condensed small ion densi near the DNA surface for the Montoro-Abascal model. The para eters are the same as in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-panoramic-view-of-ion-densities-in-dna-grooves-f-mam-1ic6q2s1.png FIG. 7. Panoramic view of ion densities in DNA grooves f MAM and qc51, qs51 ~set 1!. Three full panoramic views along the x axis correspond to three different salt densities; from left right, Cs50.2 mol/l, 0.71 mol/l, 1.61 mol/l. Full line: charge dis tribution in the minor groove; dashed line: charge distribution in major groove. Lines without or with symbols correspond to cat https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-panoramic-view-of-cation-density-near-dna-surface-3ri1htep.png FIG. 14. Panoramic view of cation density near DNA surface qc51, qs51 ~set 1!, Cs50.1 mol/l, and the MAM. Different cation diameters, from left to right:dc53 Å, dc56 Å, dc58 Å. Full line: cation distribution in the minor groove; dashed line: cati distribution in the major groove; dot-dashed line: cation distribut on the phosphate strands. Note that the cation adsorption in major groove exceeds the cation adsorption in the minor groove dc58 Å ~collate the full and dashed lines in the right side of fi ure!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sections-of-different-dna-models-in-thexy-plane-1v4rehpe.png FIG. 1. Cross sections of different DNA models in thexy plane. ~a! Cylinder model,~b! extended cylinder model,~c! grooved or Montoro-Abascal-like model. Phosphate charges are shown as dark spheres. The DNA cylindrical core is colored in gray; the hatc correspond to neutral hard spheres. The inscribed letters ‘‘M’’ and ‘‘m’’ denote the major and minor grooves, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-panoramic-view-of-ion-charge-densities-in-the-dn-3f3h47ow.png FIG. 10. Panoramic view of ion charge densities in the DN grooves for the MAM, trivalent counterions, and divalent salt~set 3! and three different salt concentrations: from left to right,Cs 50.1 mol/l, 0.71 mol/l, 1.61 mol/l. Full line: charge distribution i the minor groove; dashed line: charge distribution in the ma groove. Lines without or with symbols correspond to cationr (1) or anionr (2) charge densities. The shrinking of the gap between major-groove cationic~dashed line! and anionic~dashed line with symbols! charges, as more salt is added, is the onset of the ma groove neutralization. The minor-groove charge does not depen the salt concentration; see arrows which indicate the total cha density in minor groove@the gap between the minor-groove catio ~full line! and anion~full lines with symbols! charges#. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-panoramic-view-of-the-cation-number-densityrc-1-a-22ci8q29.png FIG. 9. Panoramic view of the cation number densityrc (1) ~a! https://scispace.com/papers/adsorption-of-organic-micropollutants-onto-biochar-a-review-17ce9rdwyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-classification-of-adsorption-mechanisms-yt7axmqj.png Figure 2. Classification of adsorption mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sulfamethoxazole-interaction-with-a-coo-group-on-xyija0po.png Figure 3. Sulfamethoxazole interaction with a COO- group on biochar’s surface via negative charge-assisted hydrogen bonding ((-)CAHB). The dashed line denotes H-bonding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biochar-preparation-affects-its-backbone-structure-1fb5x1g7.png Figure 1. Biochar preparation affects its backbone structure, surface charge, organic content, and ash (mineral) content. These factors subsequently affect kinetics and the equilibrium of adsorption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-isosteric-heat-of-adsorption-of-the-organic-dyes-22bk90k4.png Figure 4. A) Isosteric heat of adsorption of the organic dyes acridine orange (AO) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) using foodwaste-derived biochar with varying surface loading, adapted from Parshetti et al.136, and B) Isosteric heat change of lysozyme adsorption using a sepharose 631 ion exchange resin, adapted from Chen et al.137. https://scispace.com/papers/adsorption-of-polymeric-lattice-fluids-at-a-noninteracting-4vk42osl66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adsorption-profiles-of-an-athermal-30-mer-linear-29e5zexz.png Figure 1. Adsorption profiles of an athermal 30 mer linear chain fluid at a noninteracting wall located at l ) 0. the bulk packing fractions are ηm2 ) 0.2074 (b, lower dashed and full line) and 0.6865 ([, upper dashed and full line). The symbols are obtained from the simulations, the dashed lines from the Scheutjens-Fleer theory, and the full lines from the polymerRISM theory of section 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bulk-density-dependence-of-the-normalized-packing-9hvoueoe.png Figure 3. Bulk density dependence of the normalized packing fraction in the layer closest to the nonattractingwall. Full lines are obtained within the polymer-RISM theory and the dotted lineswithin theSF formalismof ref 7. The symbols are obtained fromMC simulation. Circles (b) represent an athermal 30mer fluid, and boxes (9) a 30 mer fluid with segmental interaction strengths of uattr ) -0.2kBT. Lower full and dotted lines are for the interacting fluid, andupper lines are for the athermal fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-caption-as-in-figure-1-but-for-uattr-0-2kbtwith-em2-ndj5hllu.png Figure 2. Caption as in Figure 1, but for uattr ) -0.2kBTwith ηm2 ) 0.2940 (b, lower dashed and full curve) and ηm2 ) 0.7262 ([, upper dashed and full line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-compressibility-factor-of-a-cubic-lattice-fluid-ra8vqsb4.png Figure 5. Compressibility factor of a cubic lattice fluid consisting of 30 mer RF chains with segmental interactions of uattr ) -0.2kBT. The circle (b) is obtained from simulations. Thedashedanddotted lines indicate results obtainedpreviously via respectively the energy-MSAand compressibility-PY route. The full line indicates the wall EoS obtained via eq 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-compressibility-factor-of-an-athermal-cubic-lattice-8vn7fame.png Figure 4. Compressibility factor of an athermal cubic lattice fluid consisting of RF 30 mers. Circles (b) indicate simulation results. The dotted line has been obtained previously via the compressibility-PY route (ref 22). The full line indicates the result obtained via the wall method of section 2.3. https://scispace.com/papers/adult-t-cell-leukemia-lymphoma-with-a-mixed-cd4-and-cd8-306ot9r07g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3oglt8hk.png Fig 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2vrrxqur.png Fig 1. https://scispace.com/papers/adults-with-learning-disabilities-experiences-of-using-315ceol9py 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-themes-and-sub-themes-identified-in-the-data-1bg1d294.png Table 2: Themes and sub-themes identified in the data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eligibility-criteria-222dkbmf.png Table 1. Eligibility Criteria https://scispace.com/papers/advanced-materials-for-space-applications-2sjpydhguk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-products-of-larc-si-3vfe3ev3.png Figure 2. Products of LaRC SI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-chemical-structure-of-larc-peti-8-2fwc03ju.png Figure 16. A chemical structure of LaRC PETI-8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chemical-structure-of-larc-si-1v5c4e2b.png Figure 1. A chemical structure of LaRC SI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-chemical-structure-of-larc-tor-r25qv829.png Figure 11. A chemical structure of LaRC TOR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-chemical-structure-of-larc-cp-2-3i8ow0qd.png Figure 14. A Chemical Structure of LaRC CP-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-applications-for-atomic-oxygen-resistant-tor-jp19c8u5.png Figure 12. Applications for Atomic Oxygen Resistant (TOR) Thread and Film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tor-film-erosion-after-simulated-3-year-leo-ao-3sgmyp9p.png Figure 13. TOR Film Erosion After Simulated 3-Year LEO AO Exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-initial-adhesive-properties-of-larc-peti-8-1zi6s6l6.png Table 4. Initial Adhesive Properties of LaRC PETI-8 https://scispace.com/papers/advanced-synthesis-of-highly-crystallized-hexagonal-boron-2kpxs46lis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-sps-experimental-set-up-3v7orna9.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of SPS experimental set-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flakes-size-distribution-of-sintered-pellets-t5vi5ucw.png Figure 4: Flakes size distribution of sintered pellets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cl-results-showing-a-low-spectral-resolution-b-high-12wxau6r.png Figure 8: CL results showing a) low spectral resolution, b) high spectral resolution, c) UV luminescence efficiency versus SPS temperature, d) CL of impurities compared to free excitons versus SPS temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-product-yield-of-sps-pellet-compared-with-pre-2mjmowhe.png Table 1: Product yield of SPS pellet compared with pre-ceramic powder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-section-sem-images-of-bn-pellets-a-1200deg-c-nsxtnjij.png Figure 3: Cross-section SEM images of BN pellets a) 1200° C; b) 1500 °C; c) 1800°C; d) 1950 °C (laminar structure shown in the insert image) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-the-e2g-peak-2yhj3cnk.png Figure 7: Mean values and standard deviations of the E2g peak FWHM as a function of the sintering temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-raman-spectra-of-sintered-pellets-a-1200deg-c-b-10oo3j1u.png Figure 6: Raman spectra of sintered pellets a) 1200° C; b) 1500 °C; c) 1800°C; d) 1950 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microstructural-and-chemical-characterization-of-33r6cjy0.png Figure 2. Microstructural and chemical characterization of the product obtained for a 1800°C sintering temperature, without Li3N (a-c), with 5 wt.% (d-f) and 10 wt.% Li3N(g-i): a,d,g: SEM observation; b,e,h: XRD patterns; c,f,i: Raman spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/advanced-tokamak-scenarios-for-the-fire-burning-plasma-1tnwyibqud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-required-current-drive-power-versus-the-iwyuh8qu.png FIGURE 1. The required current drive power versus the required H(* confinement multiplier for plasmas at Bt = 8.5 T , βN = 3.0, nd Q=10. Three peak to average densities, and several q95 and fb values are displayed, showing accessible plasmas in the device. Similar curves would exist for other values of Bt, βN, and Q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-histories-from-the-tsc-lsc-at-simulation-of-r9vhppox.png Figure 4. Time histories from the TSC-LSC AT simulation, of the various contributions to the plasma current and the powers injected into the plasma. The simulation is stopped after 29 s since to expand the rampup phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-parallel-current-density-profile-from-the-tsc-34i0t93x.png Figure 3. The parallel current density profile from the TSC-LSC AT simulation during flattop, showing the LH, FW, ann bootstrap current profiles. The resulting safety factor profile is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maximum-bn-values-for-the-n-1-3-external-kink-modes-27f0932c.png Figure 2. Maximum βN values for the n=1-3 external kink modes showing the influence of various approximations to the surrounding conductors. https://scispace.com/papers/advancements-in-the-geotechnical-design-of-energy-piles-1p6ebhc2zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fe-simulations-of-an-energy-piles-foundation-a-2tg7jvxc.png Figure 3 FE simulations of an energy piles foundation: (a) piles’ displacement and (b) piles’ stresses during heating and cooling cycles (Di Donna et al., 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-on-clay-concrete-interface-at-1uyhxmdt.png Figure 2 Experimental results on clay-concrete interface at different temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermal-deformation-of-clays-a-experimental-results-4kmyh1ft.png Figure 1 Thermal deformation of clays: (a) experimental results (b) numerical simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/advances-in-forecasting-harmful-algal-blooms-using-machine-a7xkrync3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-output-of-the-k-means-model-with-four-p-rubescens-and-1uyt1n3c.png Fig. 2. Output of the K-means model with four P.rubescens and cyanobacteria intensity groups, based on the counting cells. Each colored area corresponds to an intensity class: cyan for low concentrations of P.rubescens and cyanobacteria; orange for low concentration of P.rubescens and high concentration of cyanobacteria; purple for middle concentrations of P.rubescens and cyanobacteria; and green for high concentrations of P.rubescens and cyanobacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-correlation-between-the-real-x-axis-and-predicted-data-n3hu4lpv.png Fig. 5. Correlation between the real (x-axis) and predicted data for P. rubescens (y-axis) in 2018 from Lake Geneva. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ice-plots-for-the-temperature-the-red-line-shows-the-35q9urzi.png Fig. 6. ICE plots for the temperature. The red line shows the PDP; the gray lines and blue points are derived from the ICE analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-diagram-presenting-the-methodology-used-to-2tx39nnh.png Fig. 1. Conceptual diagram presenting the methodology used to measure the forecast quality, considering all lag times and sampling frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-percentage-of-good-forecasting-16tlvsh1.png Fig. 4. Evolution of the percentage of good forecasting depending on a lag time of up to 5 years. The x-axis represents the lag times from the sliding window in the log scale. The y-axis shows the correlation matrix average of the good percentage of the forecast from an RF model, for the validation phase (test part). The red and red lines display the evolution of the biovolume dataset and counting cells, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-confusion-matrix-for-counting-cells-with-no-lag-time-159w2z3q.png Fig. 3. Confusion matrix for counting cells with no lag time with four intensity cyanobacteria classes, between 1984 and 2018. This analysis denotes a validation phase, which was performed from the test part dataset. The gray boxes show the rate of classification for each group. The diagonal of the matrix represents the wellclassified groups, and the overall rate is presented in the blue box. https://scispace.com/papers/adverse-reactions-of-a2-adrenoceptor-agonists-in-cats-2jx70m4w91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-of-the-cats-time-from-drug-administration-when-3r09ica5.png Table 3 Age of the cats, time from drug administration when clinical signs suggestive of pulmonary oedema were first noted and frequencies of some clinical symptoms reported in cats with suspected pulmonary oedema associated with the use of α2adrenoceptor agonists cross-tabulated with outcome. Excluded from the table were one dead and two survived cats with no clinical signs reported and four cats whose outcomes were not clearly stated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reported-interventions-in-84-cats-after-detecting-2cjqnoun.png Table 2 Reported interventions in 84 cats after detecting clinical signs. In five reports, the interventions were not described, and in one report the presence of pulmonary oedema (PE) could not be evaluated due to scanty information. These six cats were excluded from the table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-of-clinical-symptoms-reported-in-cats-1rudik3k.png Table 1 Frequencies of clinical symptoms reported in cats with suspected adverse drug reaction associated with the use of α2-adrenoceptor agonists (n = 89), and numbers of cats with post mortem and/or radiological examination conducted. In one report of a cat that had died, the presence of pulmonary oedema (PE) could not be evaluated due to scanty information. https://scispace.com/papers/affinity-stoichiometry-and-cooperativity-of-heterochromatin-4my7m5fw9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-swi6-binding-to-methylated-arrays-of-12-nucleosomes-3p9p4nmr.png Figure 8. Swi6 binding to methylated arrays of 12 nucleosomes. Binding curves were calculated according to equation (1). Other parameters are given in the figure. Insets show representative snapshots from the Monte Carlo simulations of the 12 nucleosome arrays with the linker length 47 bp (left) and 15 bp (right). HP1 proteins were not included in the MC simulations of the chain and are shown here to illustrate how the longer linker could double the number of potential binding sites with accessible H3 N-terminal tails for nucleosomes in spatial proximity. Data points are from previous in vitro binding experiments [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-swi6-binding-to-methylated-mono-and-dinucleosomes-31ikig5d.png Figure 7. Swi6 binding to methylated mono- and dinucleosomes. Binding curves for mononucleosomes (N = 2) and dinucleosomes with 15 bp linkers (N = 4) were calculated according to a noncooperative model (equation (4)). The curve for dinucleosomes with 47 bp linkers was calculated using equation (6) assuming that the energy of the dinucleosome folding is cast into allosteric binding cooperativity (w = 5). Kd = 0.17 μM for all curves. Data points are from previous in vitro binding experiments [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-chain-of-nucleosomes-in-the-monte-19ot0aht.png Table 2. Parameters of the chain of nucleosomes in the Monte Carlo simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-mc-simulation-of-nucleosome-arrays-with-15-bp-and-q74cphyz.png Figure 9. (a) MC simulation of nucleosome arrays with 15 bp and 47 bp linkers. (b) Schematic drawing explaining the potential change of the HP1 binding stoichiometry due to the geometrical constraints imposed by the shorter DNA linker length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scheme-of-the-lattice-models-for-different-types-g6qa7rzz.png Figure 1. A scheme of the lattice models for different types of contact interactions between nucleosome-bound Swi6 dimers. (a) Pair-wise cooperativity. Swi6 dimers interact only within one nucleosome. At saturation each Swi6 dimer has contact with only one neighbor. (b) When two nucleosomes are stacked on top of each other, neighboring Swi6 dimers could potentially interact in two conformations. Either they are bound to two different nucleosomes as in (a) or they are both bound to two different nucleosomes, which requires their close proximity. (c) Molecular model of a HP1 dimer binding to H3 tails from two different nucleosomes in a stacked dinucleosome structure. The DNA is depicted in grey, histone H3 in dark blue, H2A, H2B and H4 in red and the HP1 dimer in light blue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-dependent-sedimentation-coefficients-3ackh6vk.png Table 1. Concentration dependent sedimentation coefficients and molecular weights of mouse HP1β determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Sedimentation coefficients and molecular weights of recombinant mouse His-tagged full-length HP1β were measured and analyzed at the indicated concentrations of monomer as described previously (Müller-Ott et al, 2014). Values refer to H2O and a temperature of 20 ºC as standard state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-swi6-binding-to-methylated-red-and-non-methylated-1pdq74d9.png Figure 2. Swi6 binding to methylated (red) and non-methylated (black) mononucleosomes. Binding curves depict the fit to the data for N = 2, w = 15 according to equation (2) and the dissociation constant Kd values indicated in the figure. Data points are from previous in vitro binding experiments [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-swi6-binding-to-non-methylated-mono-and-2lkhfrvl.png Figure 4. Swi6 binding to non-methylated mono- and dinucleosomes. Binding curves were calculated according to equation (1). Kd = 2 μM. Other parameters are indicated in the figure. Data points are from previous in vitro binding experiments [7]. https://scispace.com/papers/affordable-and-accessible-solar-for-all-barriers-solutions-1fx3vzkpfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solar-adoption-in-renter-occupied-buildings-b7teo3ql.png Figure 4. Solar adoption in renter-occupied buildings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-discount-rate-assumptions-by-income-bracket-and-f37cnjcj.png Table 4. Discount Rate Assumptions by Income Bracket and Tenure https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cumulative-results-of-the-incentives-scenarios-on-2pvluo7q.png Table 5. Cumulative Results of the Incentives Scenarios on Low- and Moderate-Income Households between 2020 and 2050 (Partially Addressed Split Incentive, Moderate PV Price) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-change-in-average-lmi-household-energy-3pbuaa7m.png Figure 7. Percentage change in average LMI household energy burden when installing PV (2050) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-solar-deployment-by-income-and-incentive-2020-2050-25zg6493.png Figure 8. Solar Deployment by Income and Incentive (2020-2050) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pv-price-scenarios-in-the-solar-futures-study-doe-3nvx9qs9.png Figure 2. PV price scenarios in the Solar Futures Study (DOE 2021) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deployment-of-midsized-10-mw-urban-distributed-2t2bqxaw.png Table 2. Deployment of Midsized (~10-MW) Urban Distributed Ground-Mounted PV Systems in DOE (2021) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-range-of-average-first-year-gross-bill-savings-for-3jddovt4.png Figure 6. Range of average first-year gross bill savings for each market segment, between 2020 and 2050, all scenarios (ATB Moderate Prices and Partially Addressed split incentives) https://scispace.com/papers/aerosol-transport-over-the-western-mediterranean-basin-5b5eylipny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scatterplot-of-the-modis-retrieved-aod-at-550-nm-10d551id.png Figure 8. Scatterplot of the MODIS-retrieved AOD at 550 nm versus the AOD at 550 nm obtained from the Sun photometer for (a) Terra and (b) Aqua for each sector origin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-histograms-of-aod-at-a-and-b-440-nm-and-c-1anmkn5y.png Figure 6. Frequency histograms of AOD at (a and b) 440 nm and (c and d) α(440–870 nm) for Northwestern (Figures 6a and 6c) and Northeastern (Figures 6b and 6d) air masses transported from North Africa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-angstrom-exponent-difference-da-a-440-670-a-670-870-2rapbx2c.png Figure 4. Angström exponent difference, δα = α(440, 670) α(670, 870), as a function of α(440–670) and AOD (670 nm) for (a) European/ Mediterranean sector, (b) Atlantic/Iberian Peninsula sector, and (c) North African sector . Solid lines represent the fine-mode radius, and dashed line represents the contribution percentage of fine-mode fraction to the aerosol optical depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-geographic-location-and-b-image-of-alboran-island-1v0hqpc9.png Figure 1. (a) Geographic location and (b) image of Alborán Island. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectral-single-scattering-albedo-at-440-and-1020-nm-36i0ej4m.png Table 2. Spectral Single Scattering Albedo at 440 and 1020 nm Wavelengths for Each Aerosol Origin Sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-source-regions-are-split-into-three-163gaiyp.png Figure 2. Different source regions are split into three sectors (European/ Mediterranean, North African, and Atlantic/Iberian Peninsula sectors). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-single-scattering-albedo-versus-wavelength-for-a-2uuq42kg.png Figure 7. Single scattering albedo versus wavelength for (a) Northwestern Africa air masses and (b) Northeastern Africa air masses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-evolution-of-daily-mean-a-aod-440-nm-and-b-bwkd511f.png Figure 3. Temporal evolution of daily mean: (a) AOD (440 nm) and (b) α(440–870 nm) values over Alborán Island according to the aerosol origin classification. (c) Correlation between AOD (440 nm) and α(440–870 nm) for each origin sector. https://scispace.com/papers/aerosolized-surfactant-in-adults-with-sepsis-induced-acute-7ou6kxwnwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-causes-of-death-according-to-study-group-23njirqu.png Table 2. Causes of Death, According to Study Group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-complications-of-ards-according-to-study-group-2fj0ey29.png Table 3. Complications of ARDS, According to Study Group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-curves-showing-the-percentage-of-34o2qv7p.png Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier Curves Showing the Percentage of Patients Surviving in the Placebo Group (Solid Line) and Surfactant Group (Dashed Line). https://scispace.com/papers/aflatoxins-contamination-in-chilli-samples-from-pakistan-2qb1vd2wbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-chilli-samples-used-in-this-study-23z9hl9d.png Table 1 Description of the chilli samples used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-aflatoxins-versus-a-flavus-colony-forming-units-vlayg7bw.png Fig. 2. Total aflatoxins versus A. flavus colony forming units from the chilli samples. The trend line is indicated in unbroken black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aflatoxin-concentrations-from-chilli-samples-samples-1-rvvom4bm.png Fig. 1. Aflatoxin concentrations from chilli samples. Samples 1–9 are powdered and 10–13 are pods. https://scispace.com/papers/agaricus-bisporus-and-its-by-products-as-a-source-of-1ecjmi74cg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mic-values-mg-ml-of-a-bisporus-phenolic-compounds-1bfie72e.png Table 5. MIC values (mg/mL) of A.bisporus phenolic compounds against clinical isolates of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (adapted from Alves et al. 2013) https://scispace.com/papers/agc-3-experiment-irradiation-monitoring-data-qualification-565jt4k13v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gas-pressure-1xmljehl.png Figure 8. Gas pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-level-of-thermocouple-with-highest-correlation-to-23m54ffp.png Figure 20. Level of thermocouple with highest correlation to TC09 at Level 3 (948.75 in.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-planned-graphite-irradiation-experiments-2v1oczjy.png Table 1. Planned graphite irradiation experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plots-showing-argon-helium-and-total-gas-flows-1yqwuyd0.png Figure 7. Plots showing argon, helium, and total gas flows through seven zones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-and-data-state-assignment-of-records-with-2kt2xe7f.png Table 5. Number and data state assignment of records with reasons for failure for AGC-3 experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-agc-3-experiment-stack-numbers-and-loads-with-stack-1juh7amg.png Figure 1. AGC-3 experiment stack numbers and loads with stack orientation at start of irradiation. Capsule rotated 180 degrees after two irradiation cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effective-power-at-east-flux-trap-during-agc-3-rdc47900.png Figure 3. Effective power at east flux trap during AGC-3 experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tests-and-test-suites-defined-for-evaluating-agc-3-lpw433ij.png Table 3. Tests and test suites defined for evaluating AGC-3 experiment irradiation monitoring data. https://scispace.com/papers/age-of-an-indonesian-fossil-tooth-determined-by-electron-in1qv96380 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dose-rate-conversions-for-the-naturally-occurring-2w37zdzz.png Table 4. Dose rate conversions for the naturally occurring radionuclides https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-radionuclide-mass-concentrations-used-for-dose-rate-elwteiud.png Table 3. Radionuclide mass concentrations used for dose rate estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sample-dose-rate-estimate-from-incorporated-221ou79g.png Table 5. Sample dose rate estimate from incorporated radionuclides https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electron-paramagnetic-resonance-response-of-fossil-b4jq258r.png Figure 2. Electron paramagnetic resonance response of fossil tooth enamel to ionizing radiation. Peaks and inflections in the first derivative of the absorption, 'A' through 'E', are identified in Figure 1. Responses correspond to a modulation amplitude of 0.05 mT (0.5 G) and gain = 10 . The response for an added dose of4 zero (0) is the response of the enamel from accumulated radiation exposure during burial to the time of excavation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-radiation-response-of-excavated-tooth-enamel-for-j5j5qgnm.png Table 6. Radiation response of excavated tooth enamel for five radio-sensitive EPR resonances designated ‘A’ through ‘E’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-parameters-from-the-dose-response-curves-3hwhwcqz.png Table 7. Regression parameters from the dose-response curves of Figure 1a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-epr-spectrum-of-a-bar-sample-from-a-fossil-bovid-3ktuwqxf.png Figure 1. EPR spectrum of a bar sample from a fossil bovid tooth, as recovered. Spectral features used in radiometric age estimation are marked by arrows, with g = 2.0062 (for the field at A), g = 2.0038 (B), g = 2.0030 (C), g = 2.0009 (D) and g = 1.9980 (E) (all values ±0.0005). The H1 doublet (g = 2.0169 and g = 1.9906) was not used to estimate age of the sample. The spectrometer parameters are sweep range, 5 mT; field modulation frequency, 100 kHz and amplitude 0.05 mT; amplifier gain, 10×10 ; microwave power, 2 mW.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radionuclide-activity-concentrations-pci-g-in-tooth-2beh7rru.png Table 1. Radionuclide activity concentrations (pCi/g) in tooth enamel and contextual materialsa https://scispace.com/papers/ageing-carers-and-intellectual-disability-a-scoping-review-zfl1x927k1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-for-the-review-3vtrag9c.png Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review. https://scispace.com/papers/age-effect-on-the-gaze-stabilization-test-3m34yf3ehy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-box-plots-of-the-medium-center-line-within-the-boxes-197kspvk.png Fig. 2. Box plots of the medium (center line within the boxes) and interquartile range (upper and lower boarders of the boxes) of GST velocities (degls) for young subjects (20-39 yrs) and older subjects (60-79 yrs), p < 0.001. The complete range of data in degs/s (minimum to maximum) for the younger subjects was 93.50 to 2l2deg/s; the data range for older subjects was 68 to l71degls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-gaze-stabilization-maximum-head-velocity-results-and-1onm7v8c.png Table I Gaze Stabilization maximum head velocity results and perception time scores (mean ± standard deviation (SD) https://scispace.com/papers/ageing-dynamics-of-colloidal-hard-sphere-glasses-2k1z285vro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nonergodicity-factors-f-q-vs-wavevector-for-volume-o282an90.png FIG. 8. Nonergodicity factors f q, vs wavevector for volume fractions indicated. Solid symbols are the present data and the open symbols are results from Ref. 25. The solid lines are from MCT Ref. 8 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-isf-f-q-vs-logarithm-of-the-waiting-time-at-delay-h3zupgqe.png FIG. 6. ISF, f q, vs logarithm of the waiting time at delay times =8 104 upper data set and =4 105 lower data set . Measurement time T2 and rotation period tr are indicated in parentheses T2, tr . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-double-logarithm-plots-of-a-stretching-index-q-and-b-1dojfx78.png FIG. 7. Double logarithm plots of a stretching index q and b crossover time m q vs waiting time. Measurement time T2 and rotation period tr are indicated in parentheses T2, tr . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-parameters-a-q-b-and-to-of-the-power-law-eq-8-vs-2tvhepz3.png FIG. 11. Parameters A q , b, and to of the power law, Eq. 8 vs logarithm of delay time for values of qR indicated. Lines are f q, . For qR=3.57 results of several independent experiments are indicated by triangles in different orientations. Vertical bars are indicative of experimental uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-f-q-max-4-5-105-filled-symbols-and-f-q-104-m-q-open-1mbynaew.png FIG. 10. f q, max 4.5 105 filled symbols and f q, =104 m q open symbols as functions of the waiting time for several values of qR indicated. Lines are fits of Eq. 8 to the data. Values of f q, are indicated by small horizontal lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-isf-vs-logarithm-of-delay-time-for-0-580-for-27cqee18.png FIG. 9. The ISF vs logarithm of delay time for =0.580 for wavectors and waiting times indicated in parentheses. For each case, the nonergodicity parameter f q, is indicated by a horizontal line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-double-logarithm-plots-of-stretching-index-vs-waiting-2qx4zblu.png FIG. 17. Double logarithm plots of stretching index vs waiting time tw for values of qR and volume fractions indicated. Lines are power laws, Eq. 9 , fitted to the data. Values of the fitting parameters and o are given in Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-isf-vs-logarithm-of-delay-time-at-qr-3-30-for-waiting-1k2fmqz8.png FIG. 14. ISF vs logarithm of delay time, at qR=3.30 for waiting times and volume fractions indicated. b Expanded scale of delay time giving clearer fits to stretched exponentials. https://scispace.com/papers/agency-problems-of-excess-endowment-holdings-in-not-for-2vhzm1gyv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-persistence-of-excess-endowment-3eerj05k.png Table 3 – Persistence of Excess Endowment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-ceo-compensation-2vy6dy18.png Table 6 – Determinants of CEO Compensation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-investment-and-growth-in-program-i1k4hu3c.png Table 4 – Determinants of Investment and Growth in Program Expenses https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-alternative-endowment-measure-unrestricted-assets-256f0cvr.png Table 8 – Alternative Endowment Measure – Unrestricted Assets https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-industry-37ie3gno.png Table 1 – Descriptive Statistics by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-the-program-expense-ratio-1mnsn65p.png Table 5 – Determinants of the Program Expense Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-benchmark-endowment-103p693c.png Table 2 – Determinants of Benchmark Endowment https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-officer-and-director-compensation-2fl2hrru.png Table 7 – Determinants of Officer and Director Compensation https://scispace.com/papers/aggregation-and-gelation-in-hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose-23cggypnrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-i1-i3-ratio-of-pyrene-emission-or-micropolarity-index-9020u46t.png Fig. 8. I1/I3 ratio of pyrene emission or micropolarity index (MI) progression with temperature for the 1% HPMC solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optical-transmittance-measurements-for-the-hpmc-3g65hnkc.png Fig. 6. Optical transmittance measurements for the HPMC solution for the indicated concentrations. The 100% reference was taken as the transmittance at 25 ◦C for each solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-storage-g-squares-loss-g-circles-and-the-complex-10vqijtg.png Fig. 5. Storage (G ′ , squares), loss (G ′′ , circles) and the complex viscosity (η∗ , triangles) modulus, as a function of temperature, for HPMC solutions of (a) 1%, (b) 2%, (c) 5% and (d) 10%, w/w. Frequency is chosen so as to impose a value of G ′′ higher than G ′ at the initial conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pltm-images-for-the-1-hpmc-solution-for-the-indicated-1mmuzl1f.png Fig. 7. PLTM images for the 1% HPMC solution for the indicated temperatures (a) 25 ◦C and (b) 90 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-a-natural-cellulose-and-b-22z6m8p4.png Fig. 1. Structure of (a) natural cellulose, and (b) hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-temperatures-in-c-for-hpmc-solutions-2ah70qzf.png Table 2 Characteristic temperatures, in ◦C, for HPMC solutions of the indicated concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-viscosity-profiles-at-newtonian-triangles-and-non-2j8sp9cx.png Fig. 9. Viscosity profiles at Newtonian (triangles) and non-Newtonian (circles) regimes, micropolarity index (stars) and optical transmittance (squares) measurements upon heating for the 1% HPMC aqueous solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-viscosity-as-a-function-of-shear-rate-in-the-2-hpmc-386xmozj.png Fig. 4. Viscosity as a function of shear rate in the 2% HPMC solution at the indicated temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/aggressive-memory-speculation-in-hw-sw-co-designed-machines-2npa2vhdfv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-hw-sw-co-designed-system-it-is-as7pr18h.png Fig. 1. Overview of the HW/SW co-designed system. It is composed of the DBT processor assisted by a hardware scheduler, the VLIW core with additional support for speculation: Partitioned Load/Store Queue and execution mask. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-global-view-of-the-partitioned-load-store-queue-with-3oe926ay.png Fig. 2. Global view of the Partitioned Load Store Queue with three banks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-speed-up-for-the-different-applications-using-the-non-fdojr20x.png Fig. 4. Speed-up for the different applications, using the non-speculative Hybrid-DBT as a baseline (higher is better) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-area-cost-of-the-different-components-fmwdgz52.png Fig. 5. Area cost of the different components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-organization-of-a-single-bank-of-the-plsq-10nesfja.png Fig. 3. Organization of a single bank of the PLSQ. https://scispace.com/papers/agile-a-general-approach-to-detect-transitions-in-evolving-1eoc8m6c2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-flowchart-of-agile-35km1e8r.png Figure 1. The Flowchart of AGILE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-emission-tree-after-examining-the-41st-record-3hv84rox.png Figure 2. The Emission Tree After Examining the 41st Record https://scispace.com/papers/agricultural-development-with-rainforest-conservation-358r66uawv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-preliminary-estimates-of-the-impacts-of-selected-1oqxlgft.png Table 3 Preliminary estimates of the impacts of selected land use systems Part I - Application to Sumatra, Indonesia - peneplains https://scispace.com/papers/aid-for-trade-supporting-the-use-of-standards-59n4vk9t0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-total-sanitary-and-phytosanitary-p1os8gdn.png Figure 3. Percentage of total Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures donations by region, cumulative total 2001-2007 (Total amount: $405 million) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-total-technical-barriers-to-trade-1m6toybn.png Figure 2 Percentage of total Technical Barriers to Trade-related projects by region, cumulative total 2001-2007 (Total amount: $243 million) https://scispace.com/papers/agricultural-production-and-food-consumption-in-china-a-long-7oq56akmvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-food-consumption-in-china-2fzfwt4h.png Figure 8 Total food consumption in China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-per-capita-consumption-by-commodity-in-3dmsw5ef.png Figure 4 Change in per capita consumption by commodity in China: 2003-2006 (unit: kg per capita) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-yield-growthin-major-crops-per-annum-1k5yi7pb.png Figure 3 Comparison of yield growthin major crops per annum: 1961-2012 Source: FAO STAT database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-income-and-own-price-elasticisesfor-different-income-3kgx2psf.png Table 1 Income and Own-price Elasticisesfor different income groups by commodity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-per-capita-consumption-by-commodity-unit-kg-person-3qe2zupb.png Table 3 Per capita consumption by commodity (unit: kg/person/per year): 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11comparison-of-food-consumption-autarky-versus-nvlo1ij3.png Figure 11Comparison of food consumption: autarky versus openness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12alternative-population-projections-source-united-1cv99x5y.png Figure 12Alternative population projections Source: United Nations (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gross-value-of-agriculture-in-china-relative-to-2f6xz4kw.png Figure 1 Gross value of agriculture in China relative to other countries and world Source: FAO STAT database https://scispace.com/papers/agriculture-can-help-aquaculture-become-greener-4vb4uy45i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-salmon-farm-in-shetland-the-pristine-nature-of-the-1h2gn0zh.png Figure 1. Salmon Farm in Shetland. The pristine nature of the environment around the Shetland Islands makes it a desirable location for aquaculture activities. However, such activities come not only with a responsibility to maintain the beautiful surroundings, but also not to over-exploit the natural capital. Such farms also face logistical challenges, operating in remote locations with extended supply chains. The challenge is to provide an economic return for the business, be excellent stewards of the environment and deliver safe and healthy fish for ever-increasing human consumption. https://scispace.com/papers/aintshop-production-line-optimization-using-response-surface-385wbhqx00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-23-factorial-design-ffsau7at.png Table 2: 23 factorial design https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-levels-and-codes-for-design-of-experiment-2br2kb5c.png Table 1: Factor levels and codes for design of experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-ci-of-number-of-buses-obtained-from-simulation-mgt72iyd.png Table 6: The CI of number of buses obtained from simulation model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-33-factorial-design-2g5h024a.png Table 4: 33 factorial design https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-variance-anova-results-for-the-second-2ykovuk6.png Table 5: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results for the second -order model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-response-surface-of-number-of-buses-produced-daily-ww29mw6u.png Figure 2. Response surface of number of buses produced daily as a function of the number of workers in the quality control workstation (XB1 B), the number of final painting workstation (XB2 B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-flow-between-workstations-23hposjo.png Figure 1. System flow between workstations https://scispace.com/papers/air-mass-trajectories-and-land-cover-map-reveal-cereals-and-4n809q2mcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-locations-and-crop-density-map-for-great-mfdn9kzc.png Fig. 1 Sampling locations and crop density map for Great Britain 2017. Range of figures indicate the amount of crops (Ha). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-harvesting-of-crops-on-airborne-alternaria-296uirz5.png Fig. 5 Effect of harvesting of crops on airborne Alternaria spore concentrations. Cumulative percentage of crop harvest for the period starting 26 Jul and 2 Aug 2017 and corresponding mean Alternaria spore concentrations for the period 27 Jul-01 Aug and 02-07 Aug 2017 observed at Worcester (red dots) and Leicester (blue dots). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-daily-mean-alternaria-spore-concentration-during-the-2gjy4cdq.png Table 2. Daily mean Alternaria spore concentration during the Episode (27 Jul-7 Aug 2017) at both Worcester and Leicester https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-back-trajectories-of-air-masses-during-the-episode-27-ewm85p56.png Fig. 4 Back-trajectories of air masses during the episode: 27 July-7 August 2017 that passed within 30 km radius of cropland in Worcester and Leicester. Red and black back-trajectories indicate air masses arriving at Worcester and Leicester, respectively. Range of figures indicate amount of crops (Ha) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-bi-hourly-alternaria-spore-distribution-at-2c6tjg8l.png Fig. 3 Mean bi-hourly Alternaria spore distribution at Worcester and Leicester during the episode: 27 July-7 Aug 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-seasonal-and-daily-summary-of-alternaria-1eepjqs5.png Table 1. Annual, seasonal and daily summary of Alternaria spore data recorded at Worcester and Leicester for the period 2016-2018. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-density-map-of-particle-dispersion-and-deposition-at-a-3r29aibs.png Fig. 7 Density map of particle dispersion and deposition at (a) Worcester and (b) Leicester on 1st August 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-height-of-air-masses-arriving-at-worcester-and-3tlwkzns.png Table 5. Height of air masses arriving at Worcester and Leicester on 1 Aug 2017 after passing through local source areas where particle clouds were dispersed and percentage of particles at each trajectory height. https://scispace.com/papers/air-pollution-stress-and-the-aging-phenotype-the-telomere-f9fhovngjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-occupational-studies-describing-the-association-edn4aka6.png Table 1. Occupational studies describing the association between air pollution exposure and telomere length https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-population-based-studies-describing-the-association-2f3dlw7k.png Table 2. Population-based studies describing the association between air pollution exposure and telomere length https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-air-pollution-induced-telomere-mitochondrial-aging-7aw1hfbz.png Fig 1. The air-pollution induced telomere-mitochondrial aging hypothesis. Particulate matter exposure induces the formation of ROS at particle surfaces by Fenton like reaction. Besides direct ROS formation from the particle surface, PM induces elevated ROS levels due to altered function of NADPH-oxidase, mitochondria and activation of inflammatory cells. The cellular presence of ROS induces DNA damage and induces single-strand breaks at the G rich telomeres leading to telomere shortening and induces cellular aging. Subsequently DNA damage and telomere shortening is associated with the increase of p53 production. Elevated levels of p53 leads to increased mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to accelerated cellular aging. Under normal conditions high levels of SIRT1 reduces the production of p53. Telomere damage and shortening have been associated with the suppression of SIRT1 which is associated with high p53 levels. Besides the direct effects of ROS production by particulate matter on telomeres and subsequently the p53 pathways, particulate matter has also direct effects on mitochondria by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to mitochondrial ROS production. This mitochondrial induced ROS production may alternatively also influences telomere shortening and again inducing the p53 pathway cascade. These mechanisms indicates a close relationship between mitochondrial and telomere function in the aging phenotype affected by exposure to particulate matter. https://scispace.com/papers/air-quality-and-relative-humidity-in-commercial-aircrafts-an-4rxxxj23ac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-measured-and-simulated-relative-humidity-for-fixed-3abfnx9v.png Fig. 19. Measured and simulated relative humidity, for fixed, concentrations of CO2, during flight 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cabin-altitude-schedule-2v8jor1t.png Fig. 5. Cabin altitude schedule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-variation-of-measured-and-simulated-relative-humidity-3icrvirj.png Fig. 20. Variation of measured and simulated relative humidity, for fixed, concentrations of CO2, during flight 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-of-flights-1enp8oaw.png Table 1 Data of flights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-ambient-pressure-with-altitude-fig-6-2rfcb9wo.png Fig. 4. Variation of ambient pressure with altitude. Fig. 6. Variation of ambient moisture with altitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ambient-temperature-profile-owqcz7hr.png Fig. 7. Ambient temperature profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-and-measured-relative-humidity-ventilation-1mgohtya.png Fig. 11. Calculated and measured relative humidity, ventilation rate and CO2 concentration during flight 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-calculated-and-measured-relative-humidity-ventilation-ej5ei71u.png Fig. 8. Calculated and measured relative humidity, ventilation rate and CO2 concentration during flight 3. https://scispace.com/papers/air-fuel-ratio-control-of-engine-system-with-unknown-input-2g93de2tez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-sketch-of-si-engine-systems-2089l2ou.png Fig. 1 Simplified sketch of SI engine systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-proposed-afr-control-system-2s2s8z5q.png Fig. 2 Schematic of the proposed AFR control system. https://scispace.com/papers/airborne-pollutant-emissions-from-naturally-ventilated-1tp7teb4kt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-categorization-of-the-24-presentations-3qj3qm67.png Table 1: Results from categorization of the 24 presentations at CIGR 2010 technical session on emission from naturally ventilated buildings. https://scispace.com/papers/airborne-spread-of-foot-and-mouth-disease-model-5233te5kkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-total-24-hour-integrated-concentrations-along-2004s291.png Table 3. The total 24 hour integrated concentrations along the major axis of the plume at 1, 5, 10, 15 km and 20 km for 9 January. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outbreaks-suggested-by-sellers-and-forman-1973-as-2nwbnku3.png Table 4. Outbreaks suggested by Sellers and Forman (1973) as being potentially infected by airborne virus emitted from Fareham Abattoir and model performance using the standard virus emission profile for the period 29 December to 9 January. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-emission-scenario-units-tcid50-24hrs-1h423un8.png Table 1. Standard emission scenario. Units TCID50/24hrs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-emission-profiles-tcid50-24hrs-adopted-by-26wc69xl.png Table 2. Initial emission profiles (TCID50/24hrs) adopted by modellers https://scispace.com/papers/airbreathing-hypersonic-vision-operational-vehicles-design-1soj4cxhfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-airbreathing-hypersonic-vehicle-1xtigtev.png Figure 1. Potential airbreathing hypersonic vehicle applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-tps-weight-for-airbreathing-access-to-space-3gpgposd.png Figure 11 . TPS weight for airbreathing Access-to-Space vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-extended-advanced-configuration-matrix-1vaeb723.png Figure 12. Extended/advanced configuration matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-c-o-n-v-e-rg-e-n-c-e-s-y-n-e-rgy-in-hypersonic-a-i-1iq0qxok.png Figure 21. C o n v e rg e n c e / s y n e rgy in hypersonic a i r b reathing vehicle matrix (for unassisted HTHL s y s t e m s ) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dual-fuel-lifting-body-cruiser-design-34d8zo70.png Figure 4. Dual-fuel lifting-body cruiser design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-hyper-x-legacy-back-to-the-future-3hpdq8ie.png Figure 20. Hyper-X legacy…back to the future. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-waverider-aircraft-three-view-1ilzay5b.png Figure 3. Waverider aircraft three-view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-range-potential-for-hypersonic-airplanes-1lmjbx58.png Figure 2. Range potential for hypersonic airplanes. https://scispace.com/papers/airborne-trajectory-management-for-urban-air-mobility-9zyu875iqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maximum-angular-velocity-at-the-cpa-is-designed-to-vcm3eivx.png Figure 4 Maximum angular velocity at the CPA is designed to not exceed one Radian per second. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dallas-fort-worth-metroplex-3121497x.png Figure 1 Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-right-of-way-in-converging-conflicts-is-based-on-1tniu86o.png Figure 5 Right of way in converging conflicts is based on the bearing to target. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-a-conflict-encounter-with-nearly-parallel-3d0p8v89.png Figure 8 In a conflict encounter with nearly parallel converging geometry, vehicle A reduces speed to allow vehicle B to pass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-a-conflict-encounter-with-convergence-from-the-3g55vzw4.png Figure 7 In a conflict encounter with convergence from the right, vehicle A gives right of way. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-geo-fenced-approach-and-departure-areas-1qpg4wix.png Figure 3 Dynamic geo-fenced approach and departure areas segregate UAM operations from ATC-controlled flights at airports. https://scispace.com/papers/akut-ishalli-neonatal-buzagilarda-venoz-asit-baz-durumu-ve-3g1456fhxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-groups-for-ph-hco3-k-urea-and-27r6nlau.png Table 1. Comparison between groups for pH, HCO3-, K+, UREA and CREA values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-groups-for-alt-ast-ggt-ca-and-na-3nrwelcr.png Table 4. Comparison between groups for ALT, AST, GGT, Ca++ and Na+ values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-groups-for-tg-hdl-ck-mb-and-p-27xa1nbj.png Table 2. Comparison between groups for TG, HDL, CK-MB and P values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-groups-for-ck-tbil-glu-alb-and-2yps80px.png Table 3. Comparison between groups for CK, TBIL, GLU, ALB and CHOL values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-1uiwjp2p.png Table 5. Correlations. https://scispace.com/papers/airports-air-pollution-and-contemporaneous-health-16w2v9c5ul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-daily-wind-direction-at-airports-25s0tad5.png Figure 2: Histogram of Daily Wind Direction At Airports https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sickness-rates-of-all-ages-regressed-on-instrumented-22agmv27.png Table 6: Sickness Rates of All Ages Regressed On Instrumented CO Pollution - Control Function https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pollution-regressed-on-instrumented-taxi-time-2qi2qwte.png Table 1: Pollution Regressed On Instrumented Taxi Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-a11-sickness-rates-of-all-ages-regressed-on-8osaz9ie.png Table A11: Sickness Rates of All Ages Regressed On Instrumented Pollution - Sensitivity of IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-a15-sickness-rates-of-all-ages-regressed-on-1ii906o1.png Table A15: Sickness Rates of All Ages Regressed On Instrumented Pollution - Lagged Pollution https://scispace.com/figures/table-a14-sickness-rates-regressed-on-instrumented-pollution-ohn76ftq.png Table A14: Sickness Rates Regressed On Instrumented Pollution (Season) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sickness-rates-regressed-on-pollution-2tu2hxd9.png Table 2: Sickness Rates Regressed On Pollution https://scispace.com/figures/table-a19-sickness-rates-of-ages-below-5-regressed-on-1zmmf38a.png Table A19: Sickness Rates of Ages Below 5 Regressed On Instrumented Pollution - Control Function https://scispace.com/papers/al-asfi-s-description-of-the-zawiya-nasiriyya-the-use-of-3th0s70gug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-solar-effects-2kbqtvp3.png Figure 11. The solar effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-first-folio-of-al-asf-is-irshad-ms-1110-bh-rabat-ur5wf6vw.png Figure 9. First folio of al-Asf ī’s Irshād, ms. 1110 BH, Rabat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sundial-found-in-madinat-al-zahra-courtesy-of-museo-2dl5eejh.png Figure 4. Sundial found in Madīnat al-Zahrā’ (Courtesy of Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-kutubiyya-mosque-in-marrakech-1us84j9c.png Figure 5. The Kutubiyya mosque in Marrakech. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-correct-jiha-and-samt-of-safi-according-to-al-1fgp21v8.png Figure 8. The correct jiha and samt of Safi according to al-Asf ī (bolded line) and the incorrect samt (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ulugh-beg-and-the-observatory-of-samarkand-2c4pdc6r.png Figure 1. Ulugh Beg and the Observatory of Samarkand. Commemorative stamp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-al-susi-al-mirgithis-scheme-for-seasons-signs-and-gdhma715.png Figure 6. Al-Sūsī al-Mirgīthī’s scheme for seasons, signs, and lunar mansions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observatorys-remains-by-alaexis-own-work-cc-by-sa-2-8qfwt88c.png Figure 2. Observatory’s remains. (By Alaexis (Own work) (CC-BY-SA-2.5 (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)), via Wikimedia Commons). https://scispace.com/papers/algal-sex-determination-and-the-evolution-of-anisogamy-3seo7yvl2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algal-life-cycle-architecture-1fo8gtae.png Fig. 2 Algal Life Cycle Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-species-for-algal-sex-determination-1xenswu6.png Table 1. Model Species for Algal Sex Determination https://scispace.com/papers/algorithm-for-hybrid-optical-fiber-wireless-photonic-channel-2gv0tkvkse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-for-two-different-scenarios-with-1p7ofuza.png Fig. 2. Simulation results for two different scenarios, with (top) 7 fixed channels/cell and 2 global dynamic channels and (bottom) 1 fixed channel/cell and 14 global dynamic channels. AP: Access Point, FCA: Fixed Channel Allocation, HCA: Hybrid Channel Allocation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-algorithm-for-reallocation-of-dynamic-3ohg992c.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of the algorithm for reallocation of dynamic channels. PB: Blocking probability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-blocking-probability-reduction-by-using-sg3ngteh.png Fig. 3. Histogram of blocking probability reduction by using HCA instead of FCA, with (left) 7 fixed channels per cell and 2 global dynamic channels and (right) 1 fixed channel per cell and 14 global dynamic channels https://scispace.com/papers/all-ceramic-thin-film-battery-51e3po12iz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-route-to-a-sn-u-onep-2-8-and-its-2npbdkjl.png Figure 3. Schematic route to (A) [Sn(µ-ONep)2]8 and its hydrolysis products (B) Sn5(µ3-O)2(µ-ONep)6 and (C) Sn6(µ3µ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-computational-models-of-the-electrolyte-llt-j52qfoiu.png Figure 17. Computational models of the electrolyte LLT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-ball-and-stick-diagrams-of-llt-precursors-py-r36va9jy.png Figure 18. Ball and Stick diagrams of LLT precursors. (py structure is reportedly analgous) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-simulations-used-in-dynamic-runs-1kdx7528.png Figure 24. Simulations used in dynamic runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cyclic-voltammagrams-of-thin-films-of-licoo2-1skbsvux.png Figure 11. Cyclic voltammagrams of thin films of LiCoO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-synthesis-and-crystal-structure-of-novel-family-of-cuzanj3t.png Figure 14. Synthesis and crystal structure of novel family of Co[Li(OAr)(solv)x]2 compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-shows-a-schematic-representation-of-the-3akb0sc8.png Figure 21 shows a schematic representation of the functionality of these films. Two approaches were followed for these films. The first approach was to utilize a mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the inorganic phase and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as the organic phase with various lithium salts. In this type of mixture the inorganic and organic phases of the ORMOLYTE are simply physically mixed with each other and there are no https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-acb-setup-a-3u3um0sx.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the ACB setup (A) standard, (B) Inverted, (C) side-by-side https://scispace.com/papers/aliasing-coherence-and-resolution-in-a-lensless-holographic-51h07golsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-holographic-microscope-the-sample-is-28zzxv7q.png Fig. 1. Schematic of a holographic microscope. The sample is illuminated with a plane wave with wavelength λ, having spatial coherence size of ρs and the temporal coherence length of ρt. The diffraction pattern is registered by a sensor with pitch p at a distance L . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fringe-intensity-calculated-for-r-25-um-l-0-05-m-and-l-3tmovdlm.png Fig. 2. Fringe intensity calculated for r = 25 µm, L = 0.05 m and λ = 0.65 µm according to the exact formula Eq. 3, and using the asymptotic approximations 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-image-of-group-7-of-the-usaf-resolution-chart-top-3cwu5wcn.png Fig. 4. Test image of group 7 of the USAF resolution chart. Top row registered in the configuration as shown in Fig. 1 with L = 2 mm, corresponding to undersampling (left), L = 13 mm, corresponding to optimal case described by Eq. 13 (middle), and L=26 mm, corresponding to resolution loss due to low coherence (right). The bottom row is registered in configuration shown in Fig. 3 with Z = 16 mm, L∗ = 2 mm, corresponding to undersampling (left), L∗ = 8.5 mm, corresponding to optimal case described by Eq. 13 and 14 (middle), and L∗ = 26 mm, corresponding to resolution loss due to low coherence (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstructed-image-of-schistosoma-haematobium-eggs-in-cho0pww0.png Fig. 5. Reconstructed image of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in a saline solution obtained with optimal configuration of a lensless microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-microscope-configuration-with-divergent-beam-providing-2bxndwio.png Fig. 3. Microscope configuration with divergent beam, providing sample magnification. https://scispace.com/papers/aligning-business-process-models-and-domain-knowledge-a-meta-18xtfb17di 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-instantiation-of-the-bpm-meta-model-and-of-the-2k8u149d.png Fig. 1 Instantiation of the BPM meta model and of the Ontology meta-model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concept-alignement-table-2-relation-alignement-16iwj11p.png Table 1. Concept alignement Table 2. Relation alignement https://scispace.com/papers/algorithms-for-hiring-and-outsourcing-in-the-online-labor-4zw4bt37vo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-of-primal-dual-algorithm-for-ls-1m960o7v.png Figure 1: Performance of primal-dual algorithm for LS, compared to the Always-Hire, Always-Outsource and LumpSum-Heuristic baselines, averaged over 100 permutation of the input stream of tasks. e x-axis represents the task number, while the y-axis represents the total cost paid. For each worker, the considered hiring cost is at least eight and at most sixteen times the outsourcing cost: 8 r Cr 16 r . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-obtained-using-a-stream-of-tasks-with-task-3oi9qlx6.png Figure 3: Results obtained using a stream of tasks with task locality, selecting tasks that are similar to the current pivot with probability 1 p, and selecting another pivot with probability p. In all cases, the similarity threshold is = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-three-datasets-used-in-our-3abt6awu.png Table 2: Characteristics of the three datasets used in our experiments. Numbers in italics correspond to the semisynthetic workload generated for the Upwork dataset (D3), as explained in Section 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-of-primal-dual-algorithm-for-tfo-dszbdciw.png Figure 2: Performance of primal-dual algorithm for TFO, compared to the Always-Hire, Always-Outsource and TFO-Heuristic baselines, averaged over 100 permutation of the input stream of tasks. e x-axis represents the task number, while the yaxis represents the total cost paid. For each worker, the considered hiring cost is at least eight and at most sixteen times the outsourcing cost (8 r Cr 16 r ), while the salary cost is 10% of the outsourcing cost ( r = 0.1 r ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-13ch2ex4.png Table 1: Notation https://scispace.com/papers/allosteric-activation-of-sars-cov-2-rdrp-by-remdesivir-3hducyflqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-allosteric-activation-of-rdrp-a-an-overlay-of-niran-1cfsa8ej.png Figure 5. Allosteric activation of RdRp. A. An overlay of NiRAN domain structures in the absence (wheat) and in the presence (gray) of the bound ADP-Mg2+ (PBD IDs). The interface of the NiRAN domain and the RdRp domains is show. B. Activation of Nsp12R holoenzyme by preincubation with NTPs. C. Activation of RNA synthesis by purine nucleotides (at 1 mM) on CU (left) and 4N (right) templates. D. Effects of Nsp12 substitutions on activation of RNA synthesis by 0.5 mM GTP; fold activation is shown above each set of bars. In B and D, RNA extension is shown as mean ± S.E.M. and p value was calculated by unpaired two-tailed ttest. n.s., not significant; **, p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determinants-of-the-nsp12-activity-a-translational-12ykudrg.png Figure 4. Determinants of the Nsp12 activity. A. Translational context around residue 400 is critical for the correct folding of Nsp12. SARS CoV-2 genomic nsp12 RNA (with domain boundaries shown on top) contains clusters of rare codons (purple bars); only 12A CDS has rare codons (cyan bars) at the corresponding positions. B. A chimeric Nsp12-AR2 protein is defective in RNA synthesis. C. Reactivation of Nsp12R via 37 oC pre-incubation with the accessory Nsp7 and Nsp8 subunits to form the RdRp holoenzyme. (D) Translation by slow ribosomes yields a more active Nsp12. RNA extension is shown as mean ± S.E.M. and p value was calculated by unpaired two-tailed t-test. n.s., not significant; **, p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differences-between-nsp12a-and-nsp12r-a-intrinsic-2igwiod1.png Figure 3. Differences between Nsp12A and Nsp12R. A. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of Nsp12 proteins; the spectra of denatured proteins confirm that their concentrations are identical. The mean and s.e.m. of triplicate measurements are shown as lines and shaded bands, respectively, in this and other figures. B. Mapping the EDC modifications. Lines show positions of monolinks (outside) and crosslinks (inside) mapped onto the Nsp12 schematic, with the domains colored as in panel A. Colors indicate differences in reactivity: residues in red were reactive only in Nsp12R; in blue – in Nsp12A; in black –in both proteins. Only highconfidence monolinks (<10-5) and crosslinks (<10-3) are shown; see Dataset S2. C. Conservation of the NiRAN/RdRp interaction surfaces mapped on the transcription complex structure; PDB ID: 6XEZ. Amino acid residues are colored according to their conservation. Key residues in AS1 (D760), AS2 (D218) and at the NiRAN/palm interface (Y129 and S709) are shown as spheres; ADP bound to AS2 is shown as sticks, the Mg2+ ion – as a purple sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conservation-of-amino-acid-residues-in-cov-genomes-awtjs4up.png Figure 1. Conservation of amino acid residues in CoV genomes; only those proteins that are present in all Coronaviridae are shown; see Dataset S1. The Nsps are indicated by numbers; Nsp7-16 (shown in gray) that comprise the RTC are more conserved than structural (E, M, N, S) proteins and other Nsps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-transcribing-rdrp-nsp7-and-nsp8-are-shown-as-1hir7yrz.png Figure 2. A. Transcribing RdRp. Nsp7 and Nsp8 are shown as surface, Nsp12 – as cartoon, with individual domains highlighted; PDB ID 6YYT. B. The 29-nt RNA hairpin scaffold is extended by RdRp to produce a 40-nt product; additional extension is thought to be mediated by Nsp8 after the completion of RNA synthesis (Tvarogova et al., 2019). C. RNA extension by RdRp at 37 oC under indicated conditions, permissive (15 mM KCl) conditions, removal of the His tag (ΔHis) does not increase Nsp12R activity, but Nsp12A expressed from an mRNA that retains rare codons is more active. Fractions of the extended RNA (% Ext.) at 10 min are shown (mean ± s.e.m.; n = 3). D. Interactions with the RNA hairpin scaffold analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RdRps at indicated concentrations were incubated with 100 nM RNA at 37 oC for 5 minutes. Reactions were mixed with 10 x loading buffer (30 % glycerol, 0.2 % Orange G; Millipore Sigma) and run on a 3 % agarose gel in 1 x TBE on ice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sars-cov-2-replication-critically-depends-on-two-1zaonpvb.png Figure 6. SARS-CoV-2 replication critically depends on two active sites in Nsp12 that mediate NMP transfer to RNA (AS1) and Nsp9 protein (AS2). Substrate (or inhibitor) binding to one site could be communicated to the other site through a highly conserved domain interface. https://scispace.com/papers/all-optical-phase-and-amplitude-regenerator-for-next-3wnsxhkves 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demodulated-eye-diagrams-after-balanced-detection-3p31brwr.png Figure 3: Demodulated eye diagrams after balanced detection and differential constellation diagrams (showing bit-to-bit phase changes) at the input/output of the regenerator measured at 10 Gbit/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-set-up-consisting-of-the-40-ghz-psk-1mcxx137.png Figure 2: Experimental set-up consisting of the 40 GHz PSK data transmitter, a stage that emulates the amplitude and phase noise (which provides the possibility to add these emulated noise components separately or simultaneously) and the regenerator that has data as its only input (making it ‘black-box’ style). The ‘black-box’ consists of two principle units – the first one serves to provide noise-suppressed phase synchronizati of the two pumps with the data signal, the second one is a PSA operated in saturation that performs amplitude and phase regeneration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ber-curves-measured-using-single-sided-receiv-r-360bh52g.png Figure 4 BER curves (measured using single-sided receiv r detection after a 1-bit delay line interferometer) and corresponding eye diagrams (measur d using a dual-port optical sampling oscilloscope after the 1-bit delay line interferometer) when phase-only (a), amplitude-only (b) and both amplitude and phase (c) noise is added at the input of the system. The performance at the regenerator input and output is shown as circles and triangles, respectively (no noise: black; lower level of amplitude or phase noise: red; higher level of amplitude or phase noise: green; combined (lower level) amplitude and phase noise: blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-phase-insensitive-amplifier-maintains-the-signal-1r8xe7qo.png Figure 1: A phase insensitive amplifier maintains the signal phase (A), while the PSA acts to squeeze the phase. One possible implementation of a PSA is through a degenerate four wave mixing process (C) – the PSA only maximally amplifies the signal when the phase of the signal is 0 or π relative to the phase of the pumps (in-phase components), and maximally attenuates the signal when this phase is π/2 or 3π/2. (quadrature components). https://scispace.com/papers/allosteric-regulation-of-the-primase-dnag-activity-by-the-2krtioazux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-and-a550v-from-figure-4c-are-presented-the-error-3pppa0so.png Figure 2B) and A550V (from Figure 4C) are presented. The error bars in the DnaB control are too small to see. https://scispace.com/papers/all-that-glitters-is-not-gold-influence-of-working-from-home-ylaz0ztvwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-composition-mean-and-gini-index-of-annual-1mwd2uba.png Table 1 – Sample composition, mean and Gini index of annual labour income, mean value of the WFH attitude index and share of employees with high attitude level by group of employees https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variable-description-duoa4bjr.png Table A.1 – Variable description https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-sample-composition-mean-and-gini-index-of-annual-127iw0o2.png Table A.2 – Sample composition, mean and Gini index of annual labour income, mean value of the WFH attitude index and share of employees with high attitude level by economic sector of activity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unconditional-effects-of-wfh-attitude-on-the-mean-1yjbga9s.png Table 2 – Unconditional effects of WFH attitude on the mean and Gini index https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-unconditional-effects-on-the-mean-log-deviation-2kg9zj0m.png Table A.7 – Unconditional effects on the mean log deviation and Atkinson index (e=1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-unconditional-effects-on-the-mean-log-deviation-3a79l4xx.png Table A.8 – Unconditional effects on the mean log deviation and Atkinson index (e=1) in the total sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-unconditional-effects-of-wfh-attitude-along-the-bg5lyeg3.png Table A.6 – Unconditional effects of WFH attitude along the wage distribution (UPE2 estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-incidence-of-high-wfh-attitude-and-wage-gap-in-29l0ggsh.png Figure 2 – Incidence of high WFH attitude and wage gap in favor of employees with high attitude levels by decile of annual income https://scispace.com/papers/alma-observations-of-starless-core-substructure-in-ophiuchus-4l0m5g8aoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-noise-levels-of-alma-observations-1fvad3jo.png Table 1 Noise Levels of ALMA Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-alma-single-pointing-detection-of-source-37-a-am76ee74.png Figure 4. ALMA single pointing detection of source 37, a starless core in field 163229-24291. The grayscale ranges from−0.5 to 1 mJy beam−1, and the beam is shown in the bottom left corner. Blue contours show SCUBA-2 850 mm emission at levels of 0.15 mJy sq. arcsec−1, 0.5 mJy sq. arcsec−1, 1 mJy sq. arcsec−1, 1.5 mJy sq. arcsec−1, 3 mJy sq. arcsec−1, and 5 mJy sq. arcsec−1. The horizontal line indicates a length scale of 1000au for a distance to Ophiuchus of 140pc. Compact sources of emission detected are labeled with their number given in Table 2. This detection coincides with the starless core L1689N from Lis et al. (2016), while the closest known protostar is IRAS16293-2422, which lies outside of the area plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alma-mosaic-with-diffuse-extended-emission-which-3nln11wq.png Figure 5. ALMA mosaic with diffuse extended emission which appears somewhat filamentary. All compact ALMA detections in the field are associated with protostellar sources. See Figure 4 for the plotting conventions adopted. In this and subsequent figures, the grayscale ranges from −1 to 2mJybeam−1. Colored asterisks show Spitzer YSOs from Dunham et al. (2015), with shading ranging from red for Class0/I to yellow for ClassII. The compact emission in the approximate center of the mosaic (near source 11) coincides with a compact source seen in ALMA Band7 continuum emission by Friesen et al. (2014), a source known as SM1. Friesen et al. (2014) also detect compact emission in the vicinity of the diffuse emission directly east of the SM1N label; the compact emission may be obscured in our map by the bright diffuse emission present. The southernmost two Class 0/I ALMA detections (sources 8 and 9) are VLA1623 and VLA1623W. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-angular-separations-between-alma-3po2glp3.png Figure 3. Distribution of angular separations between ALMA detections and the nearest Spitzer YSO. The full sample is shown by the black outline, while ALMA detections which are highly separated from their nearest SCUBA core peak ( 15> ) are shown in the filled red histogram. All sources with Spitzer separations larger than 15″ are included in the final bin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-alma-detections-of-sources-separated-by-at-least-326j88pr.png Figure 10. ALMA detections of sources separated by at least 14″ from the nearest Spitzer YSO, but showing other signs of a protostellar nature. See Figures 4 and 5 for the plotting conventions adopted. These sources are source 5, 19, 23, and 27. Other close protostellar associations in the field are also labelled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-14qxhvgb.png Table 1 Noise Levels of ALMA Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-alma-detections-coincident-with-a-spitzer-yso-for-21iikcuo.png Figure 13. ALMA detections coincident with a Spitzer YSO for six single-pointing fields. See Figures 4 and 5 for the plotting conventions used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-peak-fluxes-of-alma-detections-3hjvtjxa.png Figure 8. Distribution of peak fluxes of ALMA detections. Sources with peak fluxes higher than the maximum bin size plotted are included in the final bin. The black empty histogram shows all 38 ALMA detections, while the filled blue histogram shows source 37, the starless core detection. https://scispace.com/papers/alpha-particle-response-characterization-of-cdznte-5daln2v1k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-coplanar-grid-gamma-ray-energy-resolution-kttz82ap.png Figure 3. Measured coplanar-grid gamma-ray energy resolution at 662 keV plotted against the planar detector alpha-particle energy resolution at 5.5 MeV for 1 cm3 CdZnTe crystals. The alpha-particle measurements were made at a bias of 1000 V whereas the gamma-ray measurements were made at biases that gave the best energy resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurements-from-the-relatively-uniform-crystal-24jjvy0a.png Figure 4. Measurements from the relatively uniform crystal HPB 1. (a) 241Am alpha-particle pulse-height spectrum obtained with the rystal in a planar detector geometry. The detector bias was 000 V. The source was uncollimated and illuminated the full athode area of the crystal. (b) 137Cs gamma-ray pulse-height pectrum obtained with the crystal in a coplanar-grid detector eometry. The bias across the detector was 1400 V and that etween the grids was 39 V. The 662 keV gamma-ray peak to ompton ratio for this spectrum is 6.2. (c) Alpha-particle-peak centroid image of the center section of the crystal. An 241Am alpha ource collimated to about 0.3 mm was used to scan the cathode ide of the crystal in a planar detector configuration while a bias of 000 V was applied across the detector. Superimposed on top of his image are regions (black with white outline) of low infrared ransmission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measurements-from-the-relatively-nonuniform-crystal-1pj5lby0.png Figure 5. Measurements from the relatively nonuniform crystal HPB 2. (a) 241Am alpha-particle pulse-height spectrum obtained with the crystal in a planar detector geometry. The detector bias was 1000 V. The source was uncollimated and illuminated the full cathode area of the crystal. (b) 137Cs gamma-ray pulse-height spectrum obtained with the crystal in a coplanar-grid detector geometry. The bias across the detector was 1600 V and that between the grids was 65 V. The 662 keV gamma-ray peak to Compton ratio for this spectrum is 3.9. (c) Alpha-particle-peak centroid image of the center section of the crystal. An 241Am alpha source collimated to about 0.3 mm was used to scan the cathode side of the crystal in a planar detector configuration while a bias of 1000 V was applied across the detector. Superimposed on top of this image are regions (black with white outline) of low infrared transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alpha-particle-peak-centroid-image-of-a-hpb-cdznte-94su5n7f.png Figure 2. Alpha-particle peak centroid image of a HPB CdZnTe crystal (a) before and (b) after the cathode of the crystal was removed and then redeposited. An 241Am alpha source was used to scan the cathode side of the crystal in a planar detector configuration while a bias of 1000 V was applied across the detector. The image before reprocessing was acquired with the source collimated to about 0.3 mm while that of the image after reprocessing was about 0.15 mm. The basic features are the same in the two images thereby indicating that these features are the result of the bulk crystal properties rather than variations in the properties of the cathode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-coplanar-grid-gamma-ray-energy-resolution-1i8mddqd.png Figure 6. Measured coplanar-grid gamma-ray energy resolution at 662 keV plotted against the largest precipitate size observed to be distributed throughout the crystal used to make the detector. The precipitate sizes were determined through infrared transmission microscopy. The gamma-ray measurements were made at biases that gave the best energy resolution. https://scispace.com/papers/almost-budget-balanced-mechanisms-for-allocation-of-2qbr490xco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-expected-efficiency-loss-of-optimal-in-expectation-ruf4nzh5.png Fig. 2. Expected efficiency loss of optimal-in-expectation, worst case optimal and VCG mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-worst-efficiency-loss-of-worst-case-optimal-and-vcg-32q9ig02.png Fig. 1. Worst efficiency loss of worst case optimal and VCG mechanisms https://scispace.com/papers/altered-expression-of-the-cb1-cannabinoid-receptor-in-the-56c04oz2n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-621p1a17.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-age-related-molecular-and-behavioral-1131wxp2.png Table 1. Summary of age related molecular and behavioral changes in 3×Tg-AD mice 553 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3m22u4gm.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2de4ysid.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/alterations-in-the-cerebral-microvascular-proteome-2ej8mjhl2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-protein-interactions-of-proteins-downregulated-72-h-x4ftx2xf.png Fig. 2 Protein interactions of proteins downregulated 72 h after GCI (vehicle) compared to sham. Protein interactions were analysed by STRING, and within the overall network generated, we depicted five subnetwork numbered 1–5 in the figure: (1) cellular respiration, (2) integrin–collagen interactions, (3) contractile phenotype, (4) G-protein subunits and (5) sodium-potassium pump. See Table 3 for a complete https://scispace.com/papers/altered-trajectories-in-the-dynamical-repertoire-of-1cb9eta1f1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-psilocybin-alters-the-dynamical-repertoire-of-fc-2yndikuu.png Figure 1 – Psilocybin alters the dynamical repertoire of FC states. Top: Seven recurrent FC states obtained from unsupervised clustering of the eigenvectors of the dynamic FCt matrix, sorted (left to right) according to decreasing probability of occurrence pre-injection. Each NxN matrix (given by the outer product of each cluster centroid vector VcVcT) represents a recurrent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-embedding-of-fc-patterns-reveals-the-reduced-3gxli18r.png Figure 3 - 3D embedding of FC patterns reveals the reduced stability of the fronto-parietal network (red) after psilocybin injection. In each scatter plot, each dot represents an FC pattern, V1(t), occurring during the corresponding session (before/after psilocybin/placebo, with 900 dots per subplot), projected onto the first 3 principal components of all eigenvectors across sessions (PCA-reduced from 90x3600 to 3x3600). Dots are colored according to the k-means clustering solution obtained before using the same color code as in Figure 1. It can be clearly observed that after the psilocybin injection the number of red dots is reduced indicating less detections of the frontal-parietal network (shown in Figure 2). Moreover, the network in the center of the 3D scatter plots corresponds to the global mode (blue), and all the remaining FC states appear as clouds of dots around it. See Supplementary Figure S3 for a different perspective of the same 3D scatter plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-psilocybin-modifies-the-switching-patterns-between-3ey9tc2a.png Figure 5. Psilocybin modifies the switching patterns between FC-states. Top: Switching matrices showing the probability of, being in a given FC state (rows), transitioning to any of the other states (columns) both before (left) and after the psilocybin injection (right). Significant between-condition differences assessed via a permutation test are indicated by asterisks (*) for the significance threshold α = 0.05. Bottom: Pre vs post-injection changes in the transitions probabilities between FC-states rendered on the cortical surface, and numbered according to the transition matrices above. Each arrow represents a state-tostate transition probability ± 1 SD from the mean change in transition probability post-injection; red/filled arrows represent a greater probability of transition post-injection, while blue/dashed arrows show reduced transition probabilities between states. It can be observed that the probability of transitioning from several FC states (IV, V, VII) to the frontoparietal FC state of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-psilocybin-modulates-the-temporal-expression-of-fc-1l073d6h.png Figure 4 - Psilocybin modulates the temporal expression of FC States and increases whole-brain metastability. Top: For each of the 9 subjects (s1, s2… s9), we show the order parameter (OP) of the system over time pre/post-psilocybin injection (100 TR/ subject/condition). Below, we show the order parameter when each of the seven FC states in ON (same color-code as Figure 1, sorted vertically by decreasing probability pre-injection). In all subjects, the FC state corresponding to the global signal (blue colored) is the most frequently expressed, and the order parameter is particularly high when this state is ON. On the other hand, less-frequent states, namely the light blue, purple, or yellow, correspond to epochs of lower order parameter values. Following the psilocybin injection, the red-colored fronto-parietal FC state of interest (3rd most prevalent state pre-injection) exhibits a significant decrease in all subjects. Bottom: The average number of occurrences of FC State III (fronto-parietal network) across subjects is significantly lower after the psilocybin injection compared to the pre-injection baseline (left), while the average number of occurrences of FC State I (globally integrated state) is significantly increased (middle). A significant increase in whole-brain metastability following the psilocybin injection, as reflected by an increase in the standard deviation of the order parameter of the system over time (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterization-of-the-fc-state-destabilized-by-25qkvixp.png Figure 2 - Characterization of the FC state destabilized by psilocybin. The FC state for which fractional occupancy is significantly reduced following the psilocybin infusion corresponds to a network involving mainly bilateral frontal and parietal brain areas. Left: (top) rendition of the relevant cluster centroid vector Vc onto a cortical surface, highlighting the symmetry of the network of interest across both hemispheres. (middle) graphical representation of the functional network where links represent all positive functional connections between the most relevant nodes belonging to the fronto-parietal network (Vc(n)>0.02); (bottom) FC pattern represented in matrix format as the outer product of the relevant cluster centroid vector VcVcT. Right: Bar chart representing contributions of each of the N=90 AAL brain areas to the FC state of interest (Vc(n)>0 in red, blue otherwise). https://scispace.com/papers/alternative-caries-management-options-for-primary-molars-2-5-12g0cu21l9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-survival-rates-minor-and-major-failures-1diqxvws.png Figure 2. Cumulative survival rates (Minor and Major failures combined) after 2.5-573 years of treated primary molars in the three treatment groups: Hall-Technique, Non-574 Restorative Caries Treatment, and Conventional Restoration. 575 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-n-169-and-2-5-years-n-142-distribution-of-3g2nnlin.png Table 1. Baseline (n=169) and 2.5 years (n=142) distribution of teeth included in the 586 study and ICDAS categories according to the type of treatment 587 588 https://scispace.com/papers/altering-speech-synthesis-prosody-through-real-time-natural-2hjanofpcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-improvement-over-session-1nz4sp9a.png Figure 6.6: Improvement over session https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-schematic-diagram-representing-system-setup-grey-3fy2cukg.png Figure 3.7: Schematic diagram representing system setup. Grey shading represents pre-existing components. Yellow represent elements created for the frontend, green represent elements created for the backend. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-summary-of-pitch-shifts-for-contrastive-emphasis-2cwzpp0d.png Table 3.1: Summary of pitch shifts for contrastive emphasis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-pitch-shifts-relative-to-neutral-for-the-grey-cat-1lo6red2.png Figure 3.3: Pitch shifts (relative to neutral) for ‘The grey cat sat on the green mat’, spoken with contrastive emphasis on each word in turn. There are clear peaks in pitch on the emphases, general raising in pitch prior to the emphases, and lowering in pitch following the emphases. This information is summarised in Table 3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-11-contrastive-emphasis-semantics-s2qryhww.png Figure 6.11: Contrastive emphasis - semantics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-11-contrastive-emphasis-semantics-2e8nd1ta.png Table 6.11: Contrastive emphasis - semantics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-16-contrastive-emphasis-pitch-accent-height-196l5hds.png Figure 6.16: Contrastive emphasis - pitch accent height https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-16-contrastive-emphasis-pitch-accent-height-green-1a3an2a3.png Table 6.16: Contrastive emphasis - pitch accent height. Green shading indicates the row label was preferred >50% of the time compared to the column label. Bold means the difference is significant to p = 0.05 over a null hypothesis of 50%. https://scispace.com/papers/alternative-countrysides-anthropological-approaches-to-rural-4a0sm0c0m4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-the-burren-karst-limestone-2u38cabb.png Figure 8.1 The Burren: karst limestone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-the-material-and-symbolic-cultivation-of-1yyblspa.png Figure 2.3 The material and symbolic cultivation of landscape: haymaking in Caoria in 1992. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-the-festivity-of-san-juan-alkiza-2006-3kohgr6a.png Figure 6.3 The festivity of San Juan, Alkiza, 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-pieces-of-traditional-pottery-made-in-the-twenty-1n40kufv.png Figure 7.2 Pieces of traditional pottery made in the twenty-first century in Galicia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-the-village-of-alkiza-1945-33czejfi.png Figure 6.1 The village of Alkiza, 1945. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-cultural-landscape-of-the-village-of-caoria-3c46gsqf.png Figure 2.1 The ‘cultural landscape’ of the village of Caoria and its surroundings in the 1930s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-caoria-in-1992-the-forest-is-encroaching-on-the-1gzqy14y.png Figure 2.2 Caoria in 1992: the forest is encroaching on the village. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-alkiza-2006-3k7kx2um.png Figure 6.2 Alkiza, 2006. https://scispace.com/papers/altruism-equity-and-reciprocity-in-a-gift-exchange-1r58o87600 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-employer-volition-sessions-220-observations-1ujr0x4r.png Table I The employer volition sessions (220 observations) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reciprocity-as-measured-by-the-difference-in-regard-3oujyh2t.png Figure 4 Reciprocity (as measured by the difference in regard between treatments) plotted on wage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regard-plotted-on-wage-15dgf59s.png Figure 3 Regard plotted on wage https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-no-employer-volition-390-observations-2hylc9gv.png Table II No employer volition (390 observations) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-tobit-regression-of-effort-on-wage-using-a-fifth-jynmjb3i.png Figure 2 A Tobit regression of effort on wage, using a fifth-degree polynomial20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-employers-expected-payoff-on-wage-done-by-kernel-1glnm82q.png Figure 1 Employer’s expected payoff on wage, done by kernel regression https://scispace.com/papers/alternative-refrigerant-evaluation-for-high-ambient-1nse48bgcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-test-process-nomenclature-subscripts-and-symbols-7v5pb39g.png Table 13. Test process nomenclature, subscripts and symbols https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-of-alternative-refrigerants-compared-to-1a1q6gc9.png Figure 6. Performance of alternative refrigerants compared to R-22 (mineral oil) at AHRI A test conditions (outdoor temperature 35°C and indoor temperature 27°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-alternative-refrigerants-compared-to-2a544670.png Figure 7. Performance of alternative refrigerants compared to R-22 (mineral oil) at ISO T3 (outdoor temperature 46°C and indoor temperature 29°C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-conditions-3eps6c2r.png Table 5. Test conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-and-lower-gwp-alternative-refrigerant-3tls7kt5.png Table 2. Baseline and lower-GWP alternative refrigerant characteristics for the R-22 Unit https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ornl-interim-test-result-at-ahri-standard-210-240-a-3m4r3jrm.png Table 3. ORNL interim test result at AHRI Standard 210/240 A, B (performance change from baseline in parentheses)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-low-gwp-arep-phase-i-high-ambient-temperature-test-qsqcvtvf.png Table 7. Low-GWP AREP Phase I high-ambient-temperature test matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-low-gwp-arep-phase-ii-high-ambient-temperature-test-1t1w4aol.png Table 8. Low-GWP AREP Phase II high-ambient-temperature test matrix https://scispace.com/papers/altruism-labor-supply-and-redistributive-neutrality-txp70ij1mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-redistributive-neutrality-under-complete-information-pqq274nh.png Table 1 Redistributive neutrality under complete information https://scispace.com/papers/ambient-fine-and-coarse-particles-in-japan-affect-nasal-and-1d55dpa6s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-effects-of-ambient-particles-and-reference-1fgyac0g.png Figure 2. (A): Effects of ambient particles and reference particles on the viability of BEAS-483 2B cells. Data are presented as the percentage of the viability of the control. (B): IL-6 and 484 IL-8 production from BEAS-2B cells in response to ambient particles and reference particles. 485 Date are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of 4 individual cultures. *P<0.05, 486 **P<0.01 vs. 0 μg/mL, $P<0.05 vs. Fine particles at Fukuoka at 7.5 μg/mL, ††P<0.01 vs. Fine 487 particles at Fukuoka at 75 μg/mL, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 vs. Coarse particles at Fukuoka at 75 488 μg/mL, ФФP<0.01 vs. Fine particles at Saitama at 75 μg/mL, ΨP<0.05 vs. Fine particles at 489 Yokohama at 75 μg/mL. 490 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-ambient-particles-and-reference-2nxu7384.png Figure 1. Effects of ambient particles and reference particles on the viability of RPMI-2650 477 cells. Data are presented as the percentage of the viability of the control. Data are mean ± 478 standard error of the mean (SEM) of 4 individual cultures. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. 0 μg/mL, 479 #P<0.05 vs. Fine particles at 7.5 μg/mL. 480 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-effects-of-ambient-particles-and-reference-17hke15r.png Figure 3. (A): Effects of ambient particles and reference particles on the viability of APCs. 493 Data are presented as the percentage of the viability of the control. (B):IL-6 and IL-1β 494 production from APCs in response to ambient particles and reference particles. (C): Effects 495 of ambient particles and reference particles on the DEC205 expression of APCs. Date are 496 presented as positive cells expressed % events. Date are mean ± standard error of the mean 497 (SEM) of 4 individual cultures. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. 0 μg/mL, $P<0.05, $$P<0.01 vs. Fine 498 particles at Fukuoka at 7.5 μg/mL, †P<0.05, ††P<0.01 vs. Fine particles at Fukuoka at 75 499 https://scispace.com/papers/amazed-appreciative-or-ambivalent-student-and-faculty-3e5h7a23ot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-students-who-either-viewed-or-posted-1v7wq5bj.png Figure 2. Percentage of students who either viewed or posted to the “Ask a Librarian” forum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-student-responses-by-program-of-study-3rq4snwy.png Figure 1. Percentage of student responses by program of study. In response to whether or not this was their first time having a librarian embedded in their online course, 96% (45/47) of students said “yes”, while 4% (2/47) said “no”. This result was expected as the instruction librarian who coordinates the embedded service had strategically marketed the service to research-oriented courses. While some programs chose to have librarians embedded in more than one course during the period of this study, it was not expected that many participants would have prior knowledge or experience with embedded librarians. https://scispace.com/papers/ambient-intelligence-applications-and-privacy-policies-122owygdrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-privacy-policies-in-application-domain-in-ami-1h0uhdcv.png Table 1: Privacy Policies in Application Domain in AmI https://scispace.com/papers/amazon-forests-green-up-during-2005-drought-2goaa0qj1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatial-pattern-of-july-to-september-2005-standardized-2v8shzem.png Fig. 1. Spatial pattern of July to September 2005 standardized anomalies (3) in (A) precipitation (derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite observations during 1998–2006) and in (B) forest canopy “greenness” (the EVI derived from MODIS satellite observations during 2000–2006). (C) Frequency distribution of EVI anomalies from intact forest areas in (B) that fall within the drought area [red areas in (A), see fig. S2], significantly (P < 0.001) (3) skewed toward greenness. https://scispace.com/papers/ambient-temperature-regulates-the-expression-of-a-small-set-3mtma0nmm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-yuc2-auxin-biosynthesis-gene-expression-is-1gs8snu1.png Figure 8. The YUC2 auxin biosynthesis gene expression is under a possible temperaturedependent epigenetic regulation. We observed much lower 24-nt siRNA levels at 27 °C than at 15 or 21 °C in all the four tissues (see Figure 7), but here we show only the leaf data. The expression pattern of the 24- nt siRNAs in the leaf positively correlated with the CHH methylation state at the same site and negatively correlated with YUC2 mRNA expression. First, the siRNA read counts were normalized by DESeq2, the Chop-qPCR values of the AluI-digested samples were normalized to the undigested control, while the YUC2 qPCR values were normalized to PP2A. Second, all values were scaled to the mean value of the 21 °C sample. All measurements represent two biological replicas. The error bars denote the minimum and maximum values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-northern-blot-analysis-of-selected-temperature-18ltbp9x.png Figure 3. Northern blot analysis of selected temperature-regulated miRNAs in different tissues. Total RNA was extracted from different tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana plants as described in the Materials and Methods section. The RNA was separated on PAGE and transferred to nylon membranes for Northern blot analysis. Oligonucleotide probes were used to detect specific miRNAs, and a U6-specific probe was used to detect U6 RNA as a loading control. The expression values were measured by densitometry. First, the values were normalized to the corresponding loading control value, then to the 15 °C sample value. The analysis was performed on three biological replicas, here we show the results of one representative replica. The results of the other two replicas are shown in Fig S4A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ambient-temperature-regulation-of-mir169h-n-5p-nf-1p1rarte.png Figure 4. Ambient temperature regulation of miR169h-n-5p, NF-YA2, and FT. The miR169h-n-5p level is higher at high ambient temperature. NF-YA2 is down-regulated by miR169h-n-5p at low ambient temperature. The transcription of FT is dependent on NF-Y heterotrimeric protein complexes. The increased NF-YA2 level at high ambient temperature contributes to the increase of FT level, which results in early flowering. To validate the sequencing results, we prepared RNA samples from three biological replicas at ZT6 (zeitgeber time, 6 hours after lights on) from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in pots in a controlled growth chamber under long day condition (16L:8D). The miR169h-n5p expression values were normalized to the U6 expression, the NF-YA2 expression values were normalized to the ACT7 expression, while the FT expression values were normalized to the PP2A expression. After this, every sample was normalized to the 21 °C sample. The error bars represent the minimum and the maximum values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-genomic-view-of-the-24-nt-sirna-coverage-18lq32x7.png Figure 7. Genomic view of the 24-nt siRNA coverage, methylation density and H2A.Z enrichment in the vicinity of the YUC2 gene. The normalized coverage data for the 24-nt siRNAs in the seedling (S), root (R), leaf (L), and flower (F) at 15, 21 and 27 °C were visualized in the Integrated Genome Browser. Methylation data were taken from GSM980986; the H2A.Z enrichment data derive from GSM954590. The thermoregulated Locus_77297 was identified in the YUC2 promoter spanning 263–681 bp upstream of the transcription start site. NF-YA2 and CO-containing NF heterotrimer binding sites along the chromosome are represented by purple and green tick marks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expression-of-the-21-nt-phasirna-producing-loci-in-yin7u14i.png Figure 5. Expression of the 21-nt phasiRNA-producing loci in different tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-expression-of-small-rna-loci-between-3qxgi4yz.png Figure 1. Differential expression of small RNA loci between ambient temperatures in different tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-proposed-model-for-the-role-of-small-rnas-in-the-ye9yr4ci.png Figure 9. A proposed model for the role of small RNAs in the regulation of flowering time and leaf morphology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-expression-of-the-thermoregulated-24-nt-sirna-2d5oafu0.png Figure 6. Expression of the thermoregulated 24-nt siRNA-producing loci in different tissues. https://scispace.com/papers/amine-functionalized-su-8-layer-guiding-love-mode-surface-1ge2vv3oit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-of-the-saw-device-2gt2mz45.png Figure 1. Picture of the SAW device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-functionalization-of-su-8-layer-by-amino-ended-2ksbjy9f.png Figure 2. Functionalization of SU-8 layer by amino-ended monolayer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xps-spectra-of-sensitive-layers-of-acoustic-sensors-jbvjbfd7.png Figure 5. XPS spectra of sensitive layers of acoustic sensors without functionalization of the SU-8 guiding layer (dashed line) and after functionalization with amino-ended groups and treatment with an aqueous solution of [Ru(η6-C6H6)Cl2]2 (left) and [Rh(η5-C5Me5)Cl2]2 (right) of the SU-8 guiding layer (line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-resolved-measurements-of-the-insertion-loss-i-cmmc5kwu.png Figure 3. Time resolved measurements of the insertion loss (I.L., top) and phase shift (bottom) of a 125 MHz Love mode acoustic wave sensor with a SU-8 guiding layer functionalized by amino-ended monolayer upon adsorption of an Rh organometallic complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-resolved-measurements-of-the-insertion-loss-i-27nbpwdy.png Figure 4. Time resolved measurements of the insertion loss (I.L., top) and phase shift (bottom) of a 125 MHz Love mode acoustic wave sensor with a SU-8 guiding layer functionalized by amino-ended monolayer upon adsorption of an Ru organometallic complex. https://scispace.com/papers/aminolysis-of-3-alkoxysubstituted-cyclobutenylidene-19hyi6chmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-lengths-pm-and-angles-deg-of-complex-z-22sz4zmr.png Table 1 Selected bond lengths (pm) and angles (°) of complex Z-10b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-molecule-a-of-complex-e-10b-hydrogen-3b0s1uej.png Fig. 1. Structure of molecule A of complex E-10b (hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity). https://scispace.com/papers/amend-a-model-explaining-neutrino-masses-and-dark-matter-4fpy6kyaw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-dark-matter-pair-annihilation-channels-20xhgubb.png Figure 2: Different dark matter pair annihilation channels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-content-and-gauge-quantum-numbers-va4hosd1.png Table 1: Particle content and gauge quantum numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effective-neutrino-mass-generation-at-one-loop-29nujg8z.png Figure 1: Effective neutrino mass generation at one loop. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-u-1-sub-groups-of-g-and-associated-particle-2qwyj8fe.png Table 2: Specific U(1) sub-groups of G and associated particle quantum numbers. Indicated are also the terms in the full Lagrangian which violate each symmetry. https://scispace.com/papers/ams-14c-dating-of-holocene-estuarine-deposits-consequences-4vx4j472sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ams-radiocarbon-dates-fvvyc7xf.png Table 1 AMS radiocarbon dates. https://scispace.com/papers/amplify-and-forward-relay-selection-with-outdated-channel-13aydeqbt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outage-probability-of-best-and-partial-relay-selection-6dpmh7iq.png Fig. 4. Outage probability of best and partial relay selection versus ρ2, for ρ1 = 1 and N = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outage-probability-of-the-partial-relay-selection-1phmov6j.png Fig. 3. Outage probability of the partial relay selection scheme versus the normalized average SNR of the S-Ri and Ri-D links, for N = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outage-probability-of-the-best-relay-selection-scheme-3kj3335j.png Fig. 2. Outage probability of the best relay selection scheme versus the normalized average SNR of the S-Ri and Ri-D links, for N = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-the-system-under-consideration-2c74yh4v.png Fig. 1. Model of the system under consideration. https://scispace.com/papers/amyloid-b-peptide-promotes-permeability-transition-pore-in-56sl9wo271 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-ab35-25-on-mitochondrial-membrane-potential-zso3l3rp.png Fig. 2. Effect of Aβ35–25 on mitochondrial membrane potential. Freshly isolated brain mitochondria (0.8 mg) in 1 ml of the standard medium supplemented with 3 µM TPP+ and 2 µM rotenone were energized with 5 mM succinate. A. Ca2+ (125 nmol mg protein) was added one minute after mitochondria energization. B. 100 µM Aβ35–25 was pre-incubated for five minutes at 30°C before mitochondria energization. The traces are typical of three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inhibitory-effect-of-csa-and-oligomycin-plus-adp-on-9sccxxzx.png Fig. 3. Inhibitory effect of CsA and oligomycin plus ADP on Aβ25–35-dependent permeability transition pore opening. Mitochondria were incubated at 0.8 mg protein ml under standard conditions as described in Materials and Methods. 0.85 µM CsA and 1 mM ADP plus 2 µg ml oligomycin were incubated with mitochondria for two minutes before adding Aβ25–35. The two Aβ25–35 (50 and 100 µM) were added five minutes before energizing the mitochondria with 5 mM succinate. The traces are typical of four or five experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-ab25-35-and-fccp-on-mitochondrial-membrane-22cizayq.png Fig. 4. Effect of Aβ25–35 and FCCP on mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration. Freshly isolated brain mitochondria (0.8 mg) in 1 ml of the standard medium supplemented with 3 µM TPP+ and 2 µM rotenone were energized with 5 mM succinate. A. 50 µM Aβ25–35 was pre-incubated for five minutes at 30°C before mitochondria energization. B. 25 nM FCCP was added one minute after mitochondria energization. The traces are typical of two experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-ab25-35-on-mitochondrial-membrane-potential-2bkz0aaq.png Fig. 1. Effect of Aβ25–35 on mitochondrial membrane potential. Freshly isolated brain mitochondria (0.8 mg) in 1 ml of the standard medium supplemented with 3 µM TPP+ and 2 µM rotenone were energized with 5 mM succinate. A. Ca2+ (125 nmol mg protein) was added one minute after mitochondria energization. B., C. 50 µM Aβ25–35 and 100 µM Aβ25–35, respectively, were pre-incubated for five minutes at 30°C before mitochondria energization. The traces are typical of four or five experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-ab25-35-on-calcium-fluxes-mitochondria-were-udndyouw.png Fig. 5. Effect of Aβ25–35 on calcium fluxes. Mitochondria were incubated at 0.8 mg protein ml under standard conditions as described in Materials and Methods. A. Standard medium was supplemented with different Ca2+ concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300 µM) one minute before mitochondria energization with 5 mM succinate. B., C. 50 and 100 µM Aβ25–35 , respectively, were pre-incubated for five minutes before 100 µM Ca2+ addition. 0.85 µM CsA and 2 µg ml oligomycin plus 1 mM ADP were added to the reaction medium two minutes prior to Ca2+ or Aβ25–35 pre-incubation. The uptake and release of sequestered Ca2+ by mitochondria were monitored as described in Materials and Methods. The traces are typical of three experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/amyloid-imaging-in-cognitively-normal-older-adults-2llzpgik8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-summed-pet-images-of-the-discordant-2i1koubj.png Figure 2: Representative summed PET images of the discordant cases between 18F-flutemetamol and 11CPIB scans based on semiquantitative and visual classification. For the sake of comparison we also displayed two positive cases who were concordantly classified by semiquantitative and visual approach. Brain sections show axial slices at -4, 10, 24, 38 MNI z coordinates. On the right side of the brain sections SUVRcomp values (at the top) and results of visual reads (VIS R, at the bottom, + positive scan, - negative scan) are shown. Images are scaled to a maximum intensity in an image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-region-wise-correlations-between-18f-flutemetamol-rhwedfvm.png Table 2: Region-wise correlations between 18F-flutemetamol and 11C-PIB SUVRs for different analysis methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concordance-between-binary-semiquantitative-a-and-3oq51s27.png Figure 1: Concordance between binary semiquantitative (a) and visual (b) classifications of 18Fflutemetamol and 11C-PIB scans. (a) Dashed lines = SUVR cut-offs. (b) Red = positive scan; green = negative scan. Values in red and green cells = confidence levels of the readers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-agreement-between-18f-flutemetamol-and-11c-pib-i9azg2ls.png Figure 6: Agreement between 18F-flutemetamol and 11C-PIB SUVRs based on Bland-Altman analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regional-correlations-between-18f-flutemetamol-and-17rr7xno.png Figure 5: Regional correlations between 18F-flutemetamol and 11C-PIB SUVRs. WM = white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-readers-confidence-in-visual-binary-3znbh36k.png Figure 4: Analysis of readers’ confidence in visual binary classification of 18F-flutemetamol and 11C-PIB scans. Main effect of reader (a). Main effect of concordantly versus discordantly classified cases (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detailed-view-on-case-24-left-upper-corners-show-25m6mlt8.png Figure 3: Detailed view on case 24. Left upper corners show MNI coordinates. Right upper corners show brain orientation. Images are scaled to a maximum intensity in an image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-neuropsychological-characteristics-3nh6hzvo.png Table 1: Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/amygdala-prefrontal-connectivity-during-appraisal-of-symptom-4ca6nonrgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-univariate-glm-task-effect-for-the-appraisal-across-3phe3u7a.png Fig. 1. Univariate GLM task effect for the appraisal (across all picture types) minus implicit baseline contrast in the combined sample of OCD patients and healthy controls (sample 1). The statistical parametric map of the task effect is shown in coronal plane at pFWE < 0.05. Activated voxels are shown exclusively for bilateral amygdala seed region. GLM, general linear model; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; FWE, family-wise error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ppi-group-effects-in-the-appraisal-distraction-and-2vuhblhr.png Fig. 2. PPI group effects in the appraisal, distraction, and passive viewing tasks. Statistical parametric maps for the appraisal (sample 1, left column), the distraction (sample 1, middle column), and the passive viewing task (sample 2, right column) are displayed in sagittal and axial planes, thresholded at p < 0.001, uncorrected (sample 1) and p < 0.01, uncorrected (sample 2) for visualization purposes (A); bar graphs showing mean (SD) PPI β estimates for connectivity between the right amygdala seed and prefrontal areas for aversive and OCD-relevant pictures for healthy controls and OCD patients (B). HC, healthy controls; OCD, obsessive– compulsive disorder; PPI, psychophysiological interaction; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; VMPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex; SD, standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/amylose-and-amylopectin-hybrid-materials-via-enzymatic-2whwdcdeyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-a-amylopectin-and-b-amylose-1jxen4hi.png Figure 1. Structure of A) amylopectin and B) amylose. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-hybrid-structures-with-1sy5vddk.png Figure 4. Schematic representation of hybrid structures with am https://scispace.com/papers/an-8-gb-s-optical-backplane-bus-based-on-microchannel-40y410wnsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-measurement-setup-and-b-degree-of-overlapping-nds1aqzk.png Fig. 9. (a) Measurement setup and (b) degree of overlapping between 2 2 optical beams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-generalized-bidirectional-optical-backplane-3orszxw7.png Fig. 1. (a) Generalized bidirectional optical backplane architecture and (b) experimental demonstration using 2-D array with first, second, third, a fourth channel functioning as the input coupler. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-liv-characteristics-of-pga-packaged-vcsels-a-iv-1cxgpjde.png Fig. 3. LIV characteristics of PGA packaged VCSELs. (a) IV characteristics. (b) LI characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ber-to-determine-the-interconnect-distance-2o0tmldd.png Fig. 12. BER to determine the interconnect distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-experimental-setup-for-eye-diagram-measurements-2k26513y.png Fig. 13. Experimental setup for eye diagram measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gaussian-beam-propagation-performance-using-lens-to-oftdolfx.png Fig. 5. Gaussian beam propagation performance using lens to collimate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-results-of-eye-diagram-measurements-for-optical-bus-1da2sx5p.png Fig. 14. Results of eye diagram measurements for optical bus using VCSELs (left eye diagrams were measured without the insertion of device while righteye diagrams were measured with the insertion of device): (a) at 500 Mb/s. (b) at 1.25 Gb/s. (c) 2.0 Gb/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-a-detailed-drawing-for-a-transmitter-packaging-b-wx03uoj9.png Fig. 7. (a) A detailed drawing for a transmitter packaging . (b) Photo of packaged VCSEL with microlens array. https://scispace.com/papers/an-accelerated-rate-calorimetry-study-of-caustic-side-vcjc9wfk9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pressure-temperature-relationship-for-salt-240s27qx.png Figure 2. The pressure-temperature relationship for salt solution with and without CSSX organics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pressure-calculations-based-on-complete-vaporization-2ihyzjkm.png Table 3. Pressure calculations based on complete vaporization of Isopar® L in the bomb tested in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-repeat-of-the-caustic-salt-solution-containing-47-qg6zrnl7.png Figure 3. A repeat of the caustic salt solution containing 47 ppt CSSX. The figure shows a clear jump in the pressure data around 130 ˚C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-enhancement-effect-on-isopar-r-l-vapor-pressure-3d19g6mc.png Table 2. The enhancement effect on Isopar® L vapor pressure resulting from vaporization of salt solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-pressure-rate-data-as-a-function-of-temperature-1tt4jlq0.png Figure 6. The pressure rate data as a function of temperature for salt solution with and without organics. Peak in the figures are an indication of reactions or decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-self-heat-rate-of-a-caustic-salt-solution-2tm8wf5n.png Figure 7. The self-heat rate of a caustic salt solution containing 4.8 ppt CSSX solvent. The figure also shows the self-heat rate of the caustic salt solution (Optima). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-predicted-and-measured-pressures-in-the-bomb-1ng1tz9k.png Table 1. The predicted and measured pressures in the bomb containing salt solution as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-pressure-temperature-relationship-for-cssx-7iw2fe9f.png Figure 5. The pressure-temperature relationship for CSSX solvent. https://scispace.com/papers/an-adaptive-human-sensor-framework-for-human-robot-375znao89e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kslf23rg.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4yfovzl1.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-3lyf3b6u.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-34ni3qw5.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1r5gltr7.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-162tvmjl.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-oeonlgqy.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1zvux8ti.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/papers/an-adaptive-large-neighborhood-search-heuristic-for-the-4wmpmq4kqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-optimal-solution-to-the-small-example-arrival-1ygnytfl.png Table 2: The optimal solution to the small example. Arrival Departure Arrival fuel Departure fuel Accumulated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-to-the-driving-range-and-charging-rate-1s6m7bz7.png Figure 5: Sensitivity to the driving range and charging rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-between-e-vsp-and-md-vsp-on-the-large-e-hikjcc3r.png Table 8: Comparison between E-VSP and MD-VSP on the large E-VSP instances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-alns-results-on-the-large-e-vsp-instances-2hfn1jvx.png Table 7: ALNS results on the large E-VSP instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-locations-of-the-stations-rectangle-and-1724jrlj.png Figure 3: The locations of the stations (rectangle and triangle), the depots (rectangle), and trip start and end points (circle) in instance D4 S8 C500 2 (left) and D4 S8 C500 5 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-small-e-vsp-example-with-single-depot-two-trips-e1euctmb.png Figure 1: A small E-VSP example with single depot, two trips and one recharging station. https://scispace.com/papers/an-adaptive-multiphase-approach-for-large-unconditional-and-5t8p8n7bro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-the-var1-and-the-var2-methods-k6jw6zyl.png Table 2 Comparison between the Var1 and the Var2 Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-main-steps-of-the-bca-12yppxzg.png Figure 3. The main steps of the BCA https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computational-results-for-the-p-q-median-problem-on-17n3eu51.png Table 6 Computational Results for the (p,q) median problem on the TSP dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-results-for-the-aa-method-on-the-birch-1vue6iww.png Table 3 Computational Results for the AA method on the BIRCH dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-results-for-the-aa-method-on-the-tsp-vrvw26k2.png Table 4 Computational Results for the AA method on the TSP dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-an-example-of-a-cluster-in-the-circle-dataset-xicy3e0o.png Figure C.2. An example of a cluster in the Circle dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-basic-cell-approach-bca-1hwj1nmc.png Figure 2. The basic cell approach (BCA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-an-illustration-of-the-circle-dataset-thdyd3oh.png Figure C.1. An illustration of the Circle dataset https://scispace.com/papers/an-administrative-model-for-relationship-based-access-57iiczx9vn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-permissible-relationship-graph-for-the-healthcare-em203ike.png Fig. 1. Permissible relationship graph for the healthcare network example. https://scispace.com/papers/an-advanced-anti-icing-de-icing-system-utilizing-highly-ma8epjhzmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-history-and-distribution-at-16-v-and-tc-1r3j9k9r.png Figure 4. Temperature history and distribution at 16 V, and TC locations for (a, d) GF laminate with 8 layers of CF (b, e) and GF laminate with 20 layers of CNT web; (c, f) [24] temperature distribution of device with constantan wires as the heating element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-history-during-the-de-icing-procedure-10a679i6.png Figure 9. Temperature history during the de-icing procedure at 16 V (a) for the whole 500 s (b) for the first 100s. (c) The evolution of de-icing for the CNT 30 sample during the de-icing at 16 V. Darkening of sample results from melting i terface until ice layer slips (70 s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-for-de-icing-223ybs7x.png Figure 2. Experimental setup for de-icing https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-linear-trendlines-in-fig-3c-a-is-the-e1tnqga4.png Table 2. Parameters of linear trendlines in Fig. 3c, a is the heating rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-steady-state-temperature-with-the-cnt-web-and-cf-fegddmlw.png Figure 6. (a) Steady-state temperature with the CNT web and CF layer. (b) Radiative and (c) convective heat loss at the steady-state. (d) Convection density changes with the temperature difference between the surface of the sample and the environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-the-heat-transfer-of-a-the-real-by99d1ji.png Figure 5. Schematic of the heat transfer of (a) the real heating system (b) the simplified heating system. https://scispace.com/papers/an-algorithm-for-extremal-eigenvectors-computation-of-thm14l83au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-implementation-of-the-dot-vector-product-6vhdkxrn.png Fig. 5. Implementation of the dot vector product https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lanczos-algorithm-two-vectors-working-version-without-1gslvbr5.png Fig. 3. Lanczos algorithm, two vectors working version without reorthogonalization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-stages-proposed-algorithm-3mh8vr30.png Fig. 2. Three stages proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-implementation-results-for-n-16-1yygju1x.png TABLE I. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS FOR N=16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-architecture-exploration-of-the-lanczos-method-for-n-11zxif2c.png Fig. 6. Architecture exploration of the Lanczos method for n=16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classification-of-eigen-methods-ukwrs36u.png Fig. 1. Classification of Eigen methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-computational-costs-for-lanczos-and-2xpukj5k.png Fig. 4. Comparison of computational costs for Lanczos and Householder. https://scispace.com/papers/an-alternate-spintronic-analog-of-the-electro-optic-4xgxbwm1x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-spintronic-modulator-of-ref-1-b-8pvx5osm.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic of the spintronic modulator of Ref. 1.(b) Side view of the spintronic modulator proposed in this work.(c) top view showing the split gates. https://scispace.com/papers/an-alternative-fuel-refueling-station-location-model-4fndpw8dwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-type-2-th-sndf-original-path-3ubgjslc.png Figure 4: An example of Type 2 -th SNDF original path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparisons-of-the-optimal-coverages-of-no-detour-2euw2dje.png Figure 7: Comparisons of the optimal coverages of no-detour versus detour flows and their coverage differences when 푅 = 15, 30 with 퐾 = 3. (a) Coverages of no-detour versus detour flows with 훽 = 50%. (b) Coverage differences between no-detour and detour flows for 푅 = 15, 30 and 훽 = 50%. (c) Coverages of no-detour versus detour flows with 훽 = 100%. (d) Coverage differences between no-detour and detour flows for 푅 = 15, 30 and 훽 = 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-electric-charging-stations-per-100000-13id28p7.png Table 1: Number of electric charging stations per 100,000 residents at urban and rural counties in the U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparisons-of-the-optimal-coverages-of-no-detour-26s1i4ve.png Table 7: Comparisons of the optimal coverages of no-detour (훽 = 0%) versus detour flows (훽 = 50%, 100%) and their coverage differences when 푅 = 15, 30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-type-1-th-sndf-original-path-3h2f6hd9.png Figure 3: An example of Type 1 -th SNDF original path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tradeoff-between-number-of-stations-and-coverage-27astl2n.png Figure 6: Tradeoff between number of stations and coverage for different number of SNDF paths. (a) 훽 = 0%. (b) 훽 = 50%. (c) 훽 = 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-road-network-in-the-state-of-pennsylvania-with-1ejrx1o2.png Figure 8: A road network in the state of Pennsylvania with 100 candidate sites for LNG stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-trade-off-between-the-optimal-coverage-and-the-2r6iiepm.png Figure 9: Trade-off between the optimal coverage and the construction budget for no-detour (훽 = 0%) versus detour flows (훽 = 50%) with 퐾 = 1, 3 when 푅 = 300, 600. (a) 푅 = 300. (b) 푅 = 600. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-manoeuvring-in-dense-crowds-2u0rpwvfmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-our-analyses-using-the-limited-midpoint-365rqma7.png Figure 6: Results of our analyses using the LIMITED MIDPOINT method. The agent’s instantaneous speed is shown on the x-axis; the chosen plan-ahead distance D is shown on the y-axis. The colour indicates the average error over all recorded trials (left), standard deviation (middle) and number of data points (right). The white dots indicate the bins with the smallest error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-situation-of-a-task-showing-the-walker-in-the-34frficz.png Figure 2: A situation of a task, showing the walker in the starting configuration and letter G as the goal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-situations-that-show-the-difference-between-the-2la1ec3x.png Figure 3: Two situations that show the difference between the midpoint (dark red) of the two green agents, and the vertex (light orange) that indicates the start of the path between them. The planning agent is displayed in cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-direction-vectors-determined-by-three-different-2wnxc72e.png Figure 4: Direction vectors determined by three different planahead distances. The cyan dot indicates the position of the participant, and the dotted line shows their recorded path. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-political-ambition-in-britain-47d1ihyfyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-political-ambition-and-the-big-five-personality-1adoq696.png Figure 5 – Political ambition and the Big Five personality factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-respondents-within-subgroups-of-27qjr1j6.png Figure 2 – Percentage of respondents within subgroups of individual characteristics reporting political ambition compared to overall sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gross-personal-income-and-levels-of-political-38x2k5iq.png Figure 1 – Gross personal income and levels of political ambition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-levels-of-political-ambition-by-uk-region-njtu6fl3.png Figure 3 – Levels of political ambition by UK region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-parental-involvement-in-politics-during-childhood-v9l9sptq.png Figure 4 – Parental involvement in politics during childhood https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-fertility-differentials-in-developing-5fxw7i3ay8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bhy716kw.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-37avqox0.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-the-dynamic-behavior-of-javascript-programs-3ivd086sd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-violations-for-each-assumption-above-a-subjective-3050398e.png Figure 19. Violations. For each assumption (above), a subjective opinion of which sites (left) violate that assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-clones-plots-the-number-of-function-objects-per-1gq0dviw.png Figure 8. Clones. Plots the number of function objects per function body (x-axis) and the sum of such function bodies (y-axis) over all traces, in log-scale. For example, the second from left point represents the roughly 10,000 function bodies that each have 2 corresponding function objects (and thus, 1 clone). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-call-site-polymorphism-number-of-different-function-3n3vkklp.png Figure 9. Call site polymorphism. Number of different function bodies invoked from a particular callsite (averaged over multiple traces). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-function-variadicity-proportion-of-functions-used-1v1elpzr.png Figure 10. Function variadicity. Proportion of functions used variadically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-kinds-of-allocated-objects-fu5um1tt.png Figure 17. Kinds of allocated objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-object-timelines-suns-above-and-v8bm-below-the-1h0eae1l.png Figure 18. Object timelines. SUNS (above) and V8BM (below). The dashed line indicates the end of object construction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-javascript-enabled-web-sites-1-cappuccino-30bffvnr.png Figure 1. Selected JavaScript-enabled web sites. 1 cappuccino.org 2jquery.com 3code.google.com/closure 4prototypejs.org 5sproutcore.com https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-hashmap-access-how-objects-accessed-at-least-once-1l6n5o30.png Figure 12. Hashmap access. How objects accessed at least once via hashmap syntax are accessed over time. Above, the average of all sites using the Prototype library, and below, the average of all sites using the jQuery library. The dashed line represents the end of object construction. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analytical-study-of-puzzle-selection-strategies-for-the-1gei99qyu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-optimal-r-values-derived-by-1itt8y7z.png Figure 4. Comparison of the optimal r values derived by simulations and analysis, where X = 6 and T varies between 200 and 20,000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relationship-between-the-values-of-r-and-k-with-23hkh5rz.png Figure 3. The relationship between the values of r and K with various X values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-optimal-r-values-derived-by-1qgc9mjc.png Figure 2. Comparison of the optimal r values derived by simulations and analysis, where T = 10, 000 and X varies between 2 and 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-system-gain-with-various-r-1i2tax47.png Figure 1. Comparison of the system gain with various r settings in both the simulations and the analysis. (X = 6 and T = 10, 000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-n-values-derived-by-the-28ltvjp7.png Figure 5. Comparison of the N values derived by the simulations and analysis, where X = 6 and T varies between 200 and 20,000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-system-gain-achieved-by-the-opsa-fpsa-mdxuxsxu.png Figure 6. Comparison system gain achieved by the OPSA, FPSA and RPSA schemes with various numbers of puzzles, where T is fixed at 10,000 and X is set to 6. https://scispace.com/papers/an-ant-colony-algorithm-for-time-dependent-vehicle-routing-9hmw66ny2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-results-155qlpln.png Table 1. Average Results https://scispace.com/papers/an-application-dependent-medium-access-protocol-for-active-2qwqlm05zy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-warehouse-scenario-where-a-large-amount-of-1yr7qzf5.png Figure 1. The warehouse scenario where a large amount of goods are stored and have to be continuously updated in the inventory database (upper). The fork lifter scenario where the goods on the pallet have to deliver their identity fast when the fork lifter passes the RFID-reader (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-table-shows-how-lifetime-days-for-a-tag-varies-13b5xblv.png TABLE VI. THE TABLE SHOWS HOW LIFETIME (DAYS) FOR A TAG VARIES WITH A CHOSEN DELAY AND DIFFERENT NUMBER OF TAGS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-v-the-icw-and-the-coefficient-values-c-l-and-e-19529dn6.png TABLE IV & V. THE ICW AND THE COEFFICIENT VALUES, C, L, AND E, GIVING LOWEST ENERGY CONSUMPTION (ENERGY) WHEN CHOOSING A SPECIFIC DELAY, 50 AND 1050 TAGS, AND THE DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-icw-and-the-coefficient-values-c-giving-lowest-3rxfpvg9.png TABLE III. THE ICW AND THE COEFFICIENT VALUES, C, GIVING LOWEST ENERGY CONSUMPTION (ENERGY) WHEN CHOOSING A SPECIFIC DELAY AND A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF TAGS FOR THE CONSTANT ALGORITHM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tags-delivering-their-payload-packets-to-a-reader-39s4jsx8.png Figure 2. Tags delivering their payload packets to a reader. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tag-in-different-states-1u10tieh.png TABLE I. TAG IN DIFFERENT STATES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-simulation-procedure-fer2mp9b.png Figure 3. The simulation procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-types-of-back-off-algorithms-constant-linear-linear-2l0rr9ac.png Figure 4. Types of back-off algorithms: constant, linear, linear modulus, exponential, and exponential modulus. The arrow ending at time to (randomly chosen by each tag in the range of the ICW) is the initial back-off, then increasing B-numbers show successive back-offs. Shadowed parts show randomness in the back-off time which is added to each Ti. https://scispace.com/papers/an-application-driven-comparison-of-depth-perception-on-3l3jdltd2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-column-interleaving-samples-incoming-pixels-zvcfvgsv.png Figure 3. Colour-column interleaving samples incoming pixels at the level of sub-pixel colour components. There are several implementation choices for this sub-sampling, we assume here pixel columns are selected alternately from left and right images then displayed in appropriate colour-columns. A colour-column interleaved display can only show half the input disparity values and the zero disparity plane is not coincident with the screen plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-score-and-standard-deviation-for-6-pixel-gmgq6it0.png Figure 11. Mean score and standard deviation for 6-pixel image disparity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-column-interleaved-display-uses-alternate-columns-3tfzpkzr.png Figure 2. A column-interleaved display uses alternate columns of physical pixels to display the left and right images. As shown on the right the input image must be sub-sampled to achieve this, we assume that columns are selected alternately from left and right images. As a result a column-interleaved display can only show half the values of input disparity and the zero disparity plane is not co-incident with the screen plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-score-and-standard-deviation-for-4-pixel-2nldn44u.png Figure 10. Mean score and standard deviation for 4-pixel image disparity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-score-and-standard-deviation-for-0-pixel-3lz3iv48.png Figure 8. Mean score and standard deviation for 0- pixel disparity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-score-and-standard-deviation-for-2-pixel-cz0r47ky.png Figure 9. Mean score and standard deviation for 2- pixel disparity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-environment-used-where-possible-displays-had-1urulcj9.png Figure 4. The environment used, where possible displays had chin-rests to guide participants to the ideal viewing position, the displays were placed against a blank background and any reflections of objects or lights behind participants were eliminated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-trial-stimulus-consisted-of-two-neighboring-1szvydch.png Figure 5. The trial stimulus consisted of two neighboring squares, participants were instructed to look at the fixation target between the squares and make a forced choice judgment about which square appeared to be in-front of the other. https://scispace.com/papers/an-application-of-the-rasch-measurement-theory-to-an-9qzr0x8qlg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-person-item-threshold-distribution-stacks-analysis-22klqwj8.png Figure 1. Person-Item Threshold distribution stacks analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-12uqx7w5.png Table 2: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-person-item-map-indicating-item-difficulty-1klfvafl.png Figure 2. Person Item map indicating item difficulty locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-iccs-showing-differential-item-functioning-between-5zz6scnr.png Figure 4. ICCs showing differential item functioning between year 2007 and 2008 for items 10, 11 and 16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-iccs-for-item-1-and-item-4-kqoj0fki.png Figure 5. ICCs for Item 1 and Item 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-counts-of-correct-responses-per-item-in-post-test-i51xfe76.png Table 1: Counts of correct responses per item in post-test versus pre-test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-whole-group-before-and-after-resolving-q3du2x1s.png Table 3: Comparison of whole group before and after resolving items https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-person-item-map-after-resolving-items-24cgppv3.png Figure 7. Person Item map after resolving items. https://scispace.com/papers/an-application-for-traffic-analysis-and-optimization-of-21hvrojdnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bloquear-acesso-a-rede-arquitetura-da-demonstracao-wqul5j2s.png Figure 4. Bloquear Acesso à Rede: Arquitetura da demonstração https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dashboard-pagina-com-os-resultados-1z3xtq9p.png Figure 2. Dashboard – Página com os resultados https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-servidor-cgpserver-com-pouca-carga-alerta-dashboard-3w1z51xb.png Figure 8. Servidor CGPServer com pouca carga: Alerta Dashboard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-periodo-em-que-o-servidor-cgpserver-estava-com-1lm9yrug.png Figure 7. Período em que o servidor CGPServer estava com pouca carga https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bloquear-acesso-a-rede-execucao-do-vertical-scan-22do738f.png Figure 5. Bloquear Acesso à Rede: Execução do vertical scan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-otimizacao-alertas-workflow-do-modulo-3ov9d5n4.png Figure 3. Otimização/Alertas - Workflow do módulo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bloquear-acesso-a-rede-alerta-do-dashboard-36t7cccn.png Figure 6. Bloquear Acesso à Rede: Alerta do Dashboard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-arquitetura-da-plataforma-desenvolvida-dfxw0b48.png Figure 1. Arquitetura da plataforma desenvolvida https://scispace.com/papers/an-approach-based-on-bayesian-networks-for-query-selectivity-4g2p4fpcfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-steiner-tree-in-blue-containing-nodes-g-n-and-h-needed-38j922ns.png Fig. 2. Steiner tree in blue containing nodes G, N, and H needed to compute H’s marginal distribution (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-storage-size-per-method-using-a-5-sampling-rate-2qhm4bqj.png Table 5. Storage size per method using a 5% sampling rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-construction-time-2a70dqii.png Fig. 3. Construction time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-errors-3519esej.png Fig. 4. Average errors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cardinality-estimation-time-2ycpu8xq.png Fig. 5. Cardinality estimation time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-factorisations-of-p-hair-nationality-gender-3s2u7u05.png Fig. 1. Possible factorisations of P (hair, nationality, gender) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p-hair-nationality-with-k-2-and-j-1-18pzsioy.png Table 4. P (hair|nationality) with k = 2 and j = 1 https://scispace.com/papers/an-approach-for-determining-the-extent-of-contribution-of-4gj5h98bud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-contribution-of-cpfs-to-accident-causation-3myu693q.png Figure 1: Model of contribution of CPFs to accident causation (Adapted from Suraji et al. (2001) and Haslam et al. (2005)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rates-for-management-contracting-and-multi-layer-2nsv1ylg.png Table 2: Rates for management contracting and multi-layer subcontracting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-illustration-of-the-extent-of-contribution-of-3d5q4ket.png Table 1: An illustration of the extent of contribution of CPFs to accident causation https://scispace.com/papers/an-approach-to-dynamic-service-management-in-pervasive-3qohfuqd84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-different-components-in-a-centaurus-system-7ftirjla.png Figure 1: The different components in a Centaurus system https://scispace.com/papers/an-approximate-analytical-approach-to-investigate-the-rz0z80tk0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-plane-for-example-1-a-variation-of-a-b-variation-28ptk8em.png Fig. 4. Phase plane for Example 1; (a): variation of α; (b): variation of m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phase-plane-for-example-2-a-variation-of-l-b-variation-yfetdjgw.png Fig. 5. Phase plane for Example 2; (a): variation of l; (b): variation of r. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-constant-parameters-on-position-and-2nbh1sow.png Fig. 3. Effects of constant parameters on position and velocity, Example 2; (a): l = 1.0,r = 0.1; (b): l = 1.0,r = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-constant-parameters-on-position-and-2jo5fweh.png Fig. 2. Effects of constant parameters on position and velocity, Example 1; (a): m = 0.1,α = 1.0,β = 1.0; (b): m = 1.0,α = 0.5,β = 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-example-2-3jv13cjy.png Fig. 1. Geometry of Example 2. https://scispace.com/papers/an-approximation-method-for-regge-trajectories-and-its-1h2c7zqzcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-shape-of-im-a-for-boson-trajectory-5pl9mdti.png Fig. 1. General shape of Im a. for boson trajectory. https://scispace.com/papers/an-architectural-approach-to-end-user-orchestrations-1l10wqt7ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-analyses-2dyxzd57.png Table 2. Types of analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-pre-processing-workflow-with-an-ordering-problem-3jp075mp.png Fig. 4. A pre-processing workflow with an ordering problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-common-modes-of-composition-a-code-scripts-and-b-12iwn3m7.png Fig. 1. Common modes of composition: (a) code scripts and (b) orchestrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustration-of-a-mapping-between-a-workflow-to-an-2bgppnor.png Fig. 2. An illustration of a mapping between a workflow to an orchestration style. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-score-composition-elements-1ulz8kgf.png Table 1. SCORE composition elements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-style-derivation-by-inheritance-3se0w6v3.png Fig. 3. Style derivation by inheritance. https://scispace.com/papers/an-argumentation-interface-for-expert-opinion-evidence-35b4v8juny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conflicting-expert-testimony-in-shaken-baby-case-bk8s9mu3.png Figure 3: Conflicting Expert Testimony in Shaken Baby Case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-carneades-map-of-an-example-of-corroborative-3ue32qg5.png Figure 2: Carneades Map of an Example of Corroborative Evidence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-undercutting-of-legal-argument-from-k651ire8.png Figure 4: Example of Undercutting of Legal Argument from Expert Opinion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interface-between-internal-and-external-viewpoints-31zkhgqh.png Figure 5: Interface between Internal and External Viewpoints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-source-credibility-2ay1cecr.png Figure 1: Source Credibility https://scispace.com/papers/an-artificial-intelligence-system-for-predicting-mortality-54amxxsrby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-depicting-the-process-of-severity-tqzd48at.png Figure 1: Flowchart depicting the process of severity prediction by the AI model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-features-used-in-ai-decision-making-and-their-1xs4f7uc.png Table 4: Features used in AI decision-making and their description https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-study-3u4r0a22.png Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the study participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-plots-for-716z5m7s.png Figure 2: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots for COVID-19 mortality prediction with and without CXRs as a parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-radiographic-findings-among-survivors-b6yyejsj.png Table 2: Comparison of radiographic findings among survivors and non-survivors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-the-ai-algorithm-with-and-without-x-2lvc81vz.png Table 3: Performance of the AI algorithm with and without X-rays. https://scispace.com/papers/an-artificial-neural-network-for-the-selection-of-winding-4jyf06cr8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-accuracy-of-each-of-the-eight-different-topologies-18spk27h.png Fig. 1. Accuracy of each of the eight different topologies concerning the learning and test set https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thirteen-attributes-have-been-selected-based-on-2anlyaff.png Table 1. Thirteen attributes have been selected based on extensive research and experience https://scispace.com/papers/an-artificial-neural-network-identifies-glyphosate-impacted-3hzjkdobrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-rates-achieved-by-using-a-top-ranked-3gj733yq.png Figure 3. Classification rates achieved by using a top ranked selection of clusters. n is the number of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-violin-plots-of-correct-classification-by-subsets-1oeg8skr.png Figure 2. Violin plots of correct classification by subsets containing specific taxonomic clusters for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-violin-plots-of-correct-classification-rates-by-r4qwqa4v.png Figure 1. Violin plots of correct classification rates by random subsets of size 30 for the unfiltered https://scispace.com/papers/an-assessment-of-energy-related-career-paths-of-senior-56xmx02eo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-changes-in-methods-of-influencing-energy-efficiency-1hxxlcii.png Table 10. Changes in methods of influencing energy efficiency over career https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-senior-alumni-graduation-dates-2t8o4oqg.png Table 1. Senior alumni graduation dates https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-category-1-have-not-pursued-energy-related-career-381bs80q.png Table 8. Category 1—Have Not Pursued Energy-Related Career https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-professional-organization-membership-16k11il0.png Table 6. Professional organization membership https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-initial-degree-earned-wa76xs76.png Table 4. Initial degree earned https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-personal-skills-and-capabilities-gained-through-iac-9i9qhcs9.png Table 7. Personal skills and capabilities gained through IAC experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-professional-registrations-or-certifications-2t8w1xdf.png Table 5. Professional registrations or certifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-methods-of-influencing-energy-efficiency-by-vqt6tla7.png Table 11. Methods of influencing energy efficiency by positions in organizations https://scispace.com/papers/an-atypical-case-of-scleroderma-23v7vbtu0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patient-photographs-displaying-diffuse-areas-of-2uv6aa0z.png Figure 1- Patient photographs displaying diffuse areas of skin depigmentation with areas of perifollicular pigment sparing affecting the arms and torso, alongside with sclerodactyly. https://scispace.com/papers/an-assessment-of-some-preconditioning-techniques-in-shell-r0swvra99k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cylindrical-shells-2edg00ep.png Table I. Cylindrical shells https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cylindrical-shell-p-preconditioner-evaluation-time-1fo2p23u.png Table II. Cylindrical shell: P preconditioner evaluation time, I iteration time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uniform-30-30-mesh-for-an-octant-of-a-pinched-f5n6ntkr.png Figure 1. Uniform 30 30 mesh for an octant of a pinched cylindrical shell https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-pinched-cylindrical-shells-np-equation-number-for-3csjp9dl.png Table III. Pinched cylindrical shells, nP equation number for the loaded point, wP de¯ection under the point load https://scispace.com/papers/an-augmented-anderson-hsiao-estimator-for-dynamic-short-t-4apb0winbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-size-and-power-of-aah-ab-and-bb-estimators-in-26dpuvmv.png Table 11: Size and power of AAH, AB and BB estimators in experiments when AB and BB restrictions are not met https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rejection-frequencies-at-5-nominal-level-for-aah-ab-w2yr1x50.png Figure 3: Rejection frequencies (at 5% nominal level) for AAH, AB, and BB estimators when AB and BB restrictions are met https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bias-and-rmse-of-ah-and-aah-estimators-when-both-14mywb0h.png Table 2: Bias and RMSE of AH and AAH estimators when both Arellano and Bond (AB) and Blundell and Bond (BB) restrictions are met https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-bias-and-rmse-of-aah-ab-and-bb-estimators-when-1r13kwns.png Table 8: Bias and RMSE of AAH, AB and BB estimators when Arellano and Bond (AB) restrictions are met and Blundell and Bond (BB) restrictions are not met https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-size-and-power-of-aah-and-aah-o-estimators-when-both-2af8in2i.png Table 5: Size and power of AAH and AAH-O estimators when both Arellano and Bond (AB) and Blundell and Bond (BB) restrictions are met https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-bias-and-rmse-of-aah-ab-and-bb-estimators-when-1zc48g39.png Table 10: Bias and RMSE of AAH, AB and BB estimators when Arellano and Bond (AB) restrictions are met and Blundell and Bond (BB) restrictions are not met https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bias-and-rmse-of-aah-and-aah-o-estimators-when-both-l9fd1l9g.png Table 4: Bias and RMSE of AAH and AAH-O estimators when both Arellano and Bond (AB) and Blundell and Bond (BB) restrictions are met https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rejection-frequencies-at-5-nominal-level-for-aah-17e1fg91.png Figure 2: Rejection frequencies (at 5% nominal level) for AAH and AAH-O estimators when both Arellano and Bond (AB) and Blundell and Bond (BB) restrictions are met https://scispace.com/papers/an-automatic-approach-to-weighted-subject-indexing-an-54c2i91nf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-weighted-mesh-for-the-document-titled-1oj8de4k.png Figure 1. An example of weighted MeSH for the document titled “Tumor necrosis factor in middle ear effusions”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-mesh-descriptors-in-1fgo75aw.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of MeSH descriptors in Ohsumed collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-front-end-demo-of-weighted-subject-terms-2ey4bcvy.png Figure 2. A front-end demo of weighted subject terms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-major-headings-and-non-major-iqk6mlly.png Table 4: Distribution of major headings and non-major headings in the top 10 subject terms (Counts are in cells). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-the-weights-of-mesh-2vfhhvol.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics of the weights of MeSH descriptors. https://scispace.com/papers/an-auction-framework-for-spectrum-allocation-with-2nrusng2qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fairness-comparison-in-balanced-m-2-and-unbalanced-m-2-3nn9wakc.png Fig. 7. Fairness comparison in balanced (M/2) and unbalanced (M-2) scenario between power auction and NAIVE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-utility-comparison-in-balanced-m-2-and-unbalanced-m-2-2e18wc74.png Fig. 6. Utility comparison in balanced (M/2) and unbalanced (M-2) scenarios between power auction and NAIVE with (left) and without (right) free band https://scispace.com/papers/an-automatic-crude-registration-of-two-partially-overlapping-o4hn7g1whm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pairwise-matching-2d3wcfhp.png Figure 7. Pairwise matching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-range-images-of-an-angel-a-simage-b-d-image-c-7lq8zm97.png Figure 1. Range images of an angel: (a) Simage; (b) D-image; (c) integrated model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-matched-shape-descriptors-31i2n7m7.png Figure 8. Matched shape descriptors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pairwise-matching-flowchart-2upjhj87.png Figure 9. Pairwise matching flowchart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-several-decimation-levels-2vjllgwy.png Figure 2. Several decimation levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-space-reduction-xt9mcray.png Table 1. Search space reduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-successful-registrations-x-overlapping-percentage-xpeh786k.png Figure 11. Successful registrations × overlapping percentage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-assembled-range-images-colored-in-distinct-color-a-xm6xx26n.png Figure 10. Assembled range images colored in distinct color: (a) PITT-PLANE; (b) FROG; and (c) ANGEL. https://scispace.com/papers/an-eco-technique-for-removing-crosstalk-violations-in-clock-wozsoy3pyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-total-number-of-violations-and-number-of-15qeuldn.png TABLE III TOTAL NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS AND NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS REMOVED FOR BENCHMARKS FROM [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-total-number-of-violations-and-number-of-violations-3f7ejjy9.png TABLE II TOTAL NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS AND NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS REMOVED AS A FUNCTION OF SINK AND GRID SIZE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-7x7-routing-channel-b-illustration-of-the-34f079ii.png Fig. 1. (a) A 7×7 routing channel (b) Illustration of the associated grid graph of the shaded region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-illustration-of-wire-translocation-b-an-example-2ik15719.png Fig. 3. (a) Illustration of wire translocation; (b) An example illustrating the translocation procedure for three parallel nets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-illustrating-crosstalk-calculation-for-nets-1wqt9ft7.png Fig. 2. An example illustrating crosstalk calculation for nets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-justifying-the-method-for-net-selection-9xuifkzp.png Fig. 4. Justifying the method for net selection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rc-tree-corresponding-to-the-clock-tree-of-fig-4-2csyvg66.png Fig. 5. RC tree corresponding to the clock tree of Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-finding-equidistant-points-from-two-given-points-using-1qapoy2v.png Fig. 6. Finding equidistant points from two given points using various methods. https://scispace.com/papers/an-edge-from-focus-approach-to-3d-inspection-and-metrology-4bf70bv5b2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-of-a-part-of-an-unfinished-sample-from-the-rb229lv2.png Figure 1. Images of a part of an unfinished sample from the IC chip production line. (a) The boundary of centering ball is well focused; (b) The boundaries of the pads are well focused. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-reconstructed-3d-edge-map-by-eff-b-the-34ze5efi.png Figure 5. (a) The reconstructed 3D edge map by EFF; (b) The reconstructed depth by SFF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-focusing-system-for-3d-metrology-a-the-ccd-296nz0k3.png Figure 2. (a) The focusing system for 3D metrology. A: The CCD sensor; B: The light source for coaxial illumination; C: The objective lens; D: The inspected IC samples; E: The X-Y table for translating the inspect d object on the X-Y pl ne; F: The motion system for translating the optical system along Z axis; (b) The geometry model for image formation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-comparison-of-edge-detection-results-with-larger-18k7cab7.png Figure 4. (a) Comparison of edge detection results with larger threshold; (b) Comparison of edge detection results with smaller threshold. Red and green edges are the detection results of the raw image and our synthesized image, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-one-of-the-raw-images-from-the-focusing-system-b-2a9cb3qy.png Figure 3. (a) One of the raw images from the focusing system; (b) The synthesized image by summing all the raw images. https://scispace.com/papers/an-ecosystem-service-approach-to-support-integrated-pond-2hfzsp4eex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-andmarginal-willingness-to-pay-1sj97y8a.png Table 1 Parameter estimates andmarginal willingness-to-pay values (V pond 1 year 1) for the attributes of thewillingness-to-pay function, estimated using an error components logit model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-qualitative-analysis-of-ecosystem-service-delive-1s95o0v6.png Fig. 4. Qualitative analysis of ecosystem service delive https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pond-complex-midden-limburg-located-in-26gttm6v.png Fig. 1. Pond complex ‘Midden-Limburg’, located in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-probabilistic-cost-benefit-analysis-of-the-considered-1hu4bj0g.png Fig. 5. Probabilistic cost-benefit analysis of the considered management scenarios considering three different sets of ecosystem services: fish production, cultural value and nitrogen retention (a), fish production and cultural value (b) and only fish production (c). These cumulative probability distributions of the BBN output visualize the probability of obtaining a lower net benefit than a particular value on the x-axes. The more right the curve, the more profitable the scenario, the steeper the curve, the more certain the expected net outcome of the scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-ten-most-influencing-variables-derived-from-the-36p4fmpd.png Fig. 6. Top-ten most-influencing variables derived from the sensitivity analysis. Percentage of variance reduction (X-axis) specifies the reduction in variance of the output variable given information on the state of the node on the y-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conceptual-bbn-scheme-of-ess-provision-in-the-study-2gm29a0c.png Fig. 2. Conceptual BBN scheme of ESS provision in the study area (based on Landuyt et al., 2013). The model comprises a decision variable which entails several potential management scenarios, management and system defining variables, variables denoting ecosystem functions and services and a utility variable (rightmost node in the scheme), indicating the cost-effectiveness of ESS delivery. This model layout enables analyzing costs and benefits related to pond management taking into account three delivered services. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-implementation-of-the-management-scenarios-and-29hyh9m6.png Fig. 3. The implementation of the management scenarios and their relative influence on the individual management variables: additional feeding, stocking of planktivores, stocking of piscivores, stocking of benthivores, accessibility and shoreline complexity. https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-and-low-cost-tio2-compact-layer-for-performance-509kdgu3u1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-photovoltaic-characteristics-of-the-dsscs-with-the-p-32oc12ql.png Table 1 Photovoltaic characteristics of the DSSCs with the P and CP electrode https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-least-common-subgraph-algorithm-for-video-3huib1y0u9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inexact-isomorphism-detection-hd2cfi5n.png Table 2. Inexact isomorphism detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-network-with-wild-cards-1q2u2xjm.png Figure 1. Example network with wild cards https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fitness-measure-example-1airg78d.png Figure 2. Fitness measure example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-complexity-1u9unodp.png Table 1. Algorithm complexity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-approximate-match-against-11-graphs-in-milliseconds-13ntu42t.png Table 3. Approximate match against 11 graphs (in milliseconds) https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-energy-stable-scheme-for-the-cahn-hilliard-z2u2c9aemv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-reduction-in-the-norm-of-the-residual-per-v-1jv6sibk.png Figure 1: The reduction in the norm of the residual per V-cycle iteration at time t= 2.0×10−2 (20 full time steps with step size s=1.0×10−3). Parameters are given in the text and the initial data are given in Eq. (3.1). We show three cases, λ=3, 4, and 5 for Test 3 represented in Table 1. The results show a nearly h-independent reduction in the residual for the λ=5 case, though there is some deterioration in the convergence rate as h→0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-suspended-initially-round-drop-in-shear-flow-we-25deeadn.png Figure 7: A suspended, initially round drop in shear flow. We show the φ=0 level sets at four time snap shots. The parameters are M≡1, s=0.001, h=6.4/256, Lx=12.8, Ly=6.4, ǫ=0.03, γ=50.0ǫ, σ=1, η≡0, and ν≡1. Note the shear rate is half that in Fig. 6. The right and left boundary conditions are taken to be periodic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-errors-and-convergence-rates-of-the-convex-splitting-36kxabvk.png Table 2: Errors and convergence rates of the convex-splitting scheme (2.3)-(2.5). Here the calculations are carried out for the variable φ only. Parameters are given in the text, and the initial data are defined in Eq. (3.1). The refinement path is s= 0.4h2. Hence the results suggest global first-order convergence is attained, which was expected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-separation-of-a-binary-fluid-with-variable-24yu4f4s.png Figure 4: Phase separation of a binary fluid with variable density in a porous medium. Shown are filled contour plots of φ at various times. White means φ ≈ 1, black, φ ≈ −1. The parameters are M(φ) = √ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-rising-bubble-shown-are-filled-contour-plots-of-s9or7hx7.png Figure 5: A rising bubble. Shown are filled contour plots of φ at various times. White means φ≈1, black, φ≈−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-computed-discrete-energies-f-plotted-in-log-log-3dgr6mmc.png Figure 3: The computed discrete energies, F, plotted in log-log scale as functions of time (solid lines) for the three simulations in Fig. 2. The dashed lines are plots of the fit functions 4.08t−0.20 (γ=0), 3.74t−0.28 (γ=20ǫ), and 3.50t−0.32 (γ= 40ǫ), t∈ [1,20] to avoid the phase separation regime. Clearly systems with higher excess surface tension γ tend to coarsen faster. Note that wall effects become more influential at later times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-suspended-initially-round-drop-in-shear-flow-we-35a93f8p.png Figure 6: A suspended, initially round drop in shear flow. We show filled contour plots of φ, where white indicates φ≈1, black, φ≈−1. The parameters are M≡1, s=0.001, h=6.4/256, Lx=12.8, Ly=6.4, ǫ=0.03, γ=50.0ǫ, σ=2, η≡0, and ν≡1. The right and left boundary conditions are taken to be periodic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-separation-and-coarsening-of-a-binary-fluid-3s29petf.png Figure 2: Phase separation and coarsening of a binary fluid with constant, uniform density. We show the filled contour plots of φ at various times. White means φ≈ 1, black, φ≈−1. The parameters are M(φ) = √ https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-rate-adaptive-mac-for-ieee-802-11-t3xw2xfosq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-full-connection-2vvpwu5v.png Fig. 6. Full connection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ack-frame-format-of-dra-3j0u2754.png Fig. 3. ACK frame format of DRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-of-dra-3ak7zau1.png Fig. 1. Design of DRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-setting-the-nav-19adye1x.png Fig. 4. Setting the NAV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-scenarios-14mbdtrh.png Fig. 5. Simulation scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-optimization-framework-for-multi-region-35u0neocku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-a-the-region-of-interest-is-marked-with-a-1n2ddpj2.png Figure 1. In (a) the region of interest is marked with a rectangle. In (b) the model has constraints that force the two regions to be separate. In (c) the exclusion constraint is removed. This results in a segmentation where one region wrongly overflows into the other. Note that the image data for the correct segmentation is very weak and hence it is necessary to encode this prior information into the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-ur-for-the-slice-shown-in-a-recall-that-1amvewfv.png Figure 5. Example of µr for the slice shown in (a). Recall that µr (p) = − log ( P ( xrp = 1 )) . A lower intensity corresponds to higher probability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-intensity-distributions-for-the-three-2bzi8k7z.png Figure 6. Estimated intensity distributions for the three classes of intensity. Every example in the training data is added together and put into histogram of 500 bins from 0 to 1500 shown as the blue bars. The resulting 1D data is smoothed using a Gaussian kernel. For the smoothed data the bins are sorted by occurrence and the bin where the cumulative sum is 90% of the total is chosen as threshold level giving the dashed red line. The final distributions are normalized versions of the three lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c-shows-the-correspondence-between-r-and-xp-for-the-2p9wqy6a.png Figure 2(c) shows the correspondence between r and xp for the cardiac model. Here, the fact that for instance regions 2 and 3 should be contained in region 1 is encoded in the Boolean representation by the fact that the first Boolean variable is set to one. Similarly, region 4 is contained in both region 1 and region 2 and consequently, the first two Boolean variables are set to one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-in-the-dice-metric-for-lund-reported-as-mean-zswme2cq.png Table I RESULTS IN THE DICE METRIC FOR LUND REPORTED AS MEAN ± ONE STANDARD DEVIATION. NOTE THAT THE MULTI-REGION MODEL HAS A HUGE INFLUENCE ON THE SEGMENTATION RESULTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-segmentation-from-lund-left-3d-rendering-cxlh7995.png Figure 7. Example segmentation from Lund, (left) 3D rendering and (right) 10 slices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-a-diagram-showing-the-model-used-for-lung-2l42q79z.png Figure 11. (a) A diagram showing the model used for lung segmentation. Region 0 is the background, region 1 the body, regions 2 and 3 are the right and left lungs, respectively, and region 4 is the throat. (b) The seeds in one slice used for the segmentation. In a clinical setting, these are provided by a physician. (c) The Boolean representation of the four regions. (d) Graph construction for one voxel, showing the geometrical relationships. Best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sample-results-from-the-segmentation-the-same-2kr5cd77.png Figure 12. Sample results from the segmentation, the same color coding as in Figure 11 is used. https://scispace.com/papers/an-electrodynamic-magnetorheological-clutch-powered-by-xvhso1s8w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-normalized-electromagnetic-torque-as-a-function-of-3dm42fsx.png Fig. 5. The (normalized) electromagnetic torque as a function of the number of magnetic poles and the copper sheet thickness (@1500 rpm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-test-bench-3q9p8o30.png Fig. 11. The test bench https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-mr-clutch-prototype-370d3d6s.png Fig. 1. The MR clutch prototype https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-torque-profile-vs-pm-displacement-simulations-and-1yar5guc.png Fig. 14. The torque profile vs PM displacement: simulations and experimental measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-experimental-quantities-vs-time-during-the-1g8ojgdt.png Fig. 15. The experimental quantities vs time during the transition of the clutch between the disengaged and the engaged condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-torque-vs-pms-displacement-and-map-of-the-magnetic-3lvayng2.png Fig. 3. Torque vs PMs displacement and map of the magnetic induction B inside the MRF: (a) position 1, clutch engaged, Tz ' 3 Nm; (b) position 0, clutch disengaged, Tz ' 0.2÷ 0.3 Nm; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-schematic-view-of-the-device-and-its-operation-30cn4rcb.png Fig. 2. The schematic view of the device and its operation principle: (a) engaged condition (ON state); (b) disengaged condition (OFF state) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-new-configuration-with-the-copper-sheet-j87vy94j.png Fig. 4. The new configuration with the copper sheet https://scispace.com/papers/an-embedded-programmable-processor-for-compressive-sensing-1rwatl50ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-designed-processor-1b78kxoo.png Table 1. Details of designed processor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cs-based-recovery-process-1k6adooi.png Fig. 2. CS based recovery process https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fpga-synthesis-report-for-cyclone-iv-ep4ce115f29c7-sgtyakll.png Table 2. FPGA synthesis report for Cyclone IV-EP4CE115F29C7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measurement-of-the-sparse-signal-3j39gmmv.png Fig. 1. Measurement of the sparse signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-required-time-for-given-reconstruction-9ta78m3y.png Fig. 4. Comparison of required time for given reconstruction quality (8% signal occupation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-for-different-algorithms-and-platforms-1vvs9z6h.png Table 3. Performance for different algorithms and platforms https://scispace.com/papers/an-emotional-intelligence-model-of-entrepreneurial-coping-1mmwrzz6cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-emotional-intelligence-and-lidaz44o.png Figure 1 Conceptual model of emotional intelligence and coping https://scispace.com/papers/an-empirical-investigation-of-legged-transitional-maneuvers-30beyd6i3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-control-behaviors-were-demonstrated-on-a-hopping-2i89ppr5.png Fig. 2: The control behaviors were demonstrated on a hopping robot fixed to a boom, constraining the body in all degrees of freedom but the horizontal and the vertical. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-parallel-linkage-representations-of-the-robot-18s44y08.png Fig. 4: Two parallel linkage representations of the robot kinematics. While the left is a more accurate representation of the underlying kinematics, the forward and inverse kinematics of the right can be calculated much faster on the robot’s microcontroller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shown-are-slices-of-the-x-y-plane-of-the-x-y-thleg-1imk8tii.png Fig. 1: Shown are slices of the ẋ-y plane of the (ẋ, y, θLeg) volumetric projection of S (represented in blue) computed with parameters k = 5000Nm ,m = 1.3kg, l0 = 0.35m. The set S is given by the set of initial apex conditions that – upon execution of a single stride of the SLIP dynamics described in Appendix I – achieve a subsequent apex state without the mass contacting the ground. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-statistics-for-each-leaping-experiment-37xv09ox.png TABLE I: Mean statistics for each leaping experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-apex-state-for-each-stride-in-the-leaping-37jgilq6.png Fig. 3: The apex state for each stride in the leaping experiments is shown above, overlaid on contours showing the energy level sets in Joules. A total of 10 runs were recorded for each experiment. The first apex is given in blue, the second in green, the third in red, and the fourth in turquoise. An additional stride whose apex is shown in purple was required to clear the ramp using only the Height-Corrected Scissor Controller due to the robot’s slower speed. The leap occurred in the final stride for each experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/an-epitope-of-limited-variability-as-a-novel-influenza-kcvtanh8o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-a-site-of-limited-variability-in-2aue9ah1.png Figure 2: Identification of a site of limited variability in the head domain of the H1 HA through structural bioinformatic analysis. (A) Variability of antibody bindings sites ABS on the crystal structure of A/California/04/2009 HA; those containing position 147 are shown in yellow. (B, C) Location of ABS of lowest variability containing position 147 with position 147 shown in yellow and the rest of the site coloured in red. (D) Phylogenetic trees of pre-pandemic and post-pandemic highlighted rectangle H1N1 with tips coloured according to the conformation of the epitope of limited variability (hereafter called ‘OREO’). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sequential-vaccination-using-chimeric-ha-constructs-ckx9ntw4.png Figure 4. Sequential vaccination using chimeric HA constructs. (A) Five groups of mice were sequentially vaccinated with 2009-like (blue), 2006-like (red), 1995-like (orange), 1977-like (green) and 1940-like (pink) epitope sequences substituted into H6, H5 and H11 HAs (also see https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-allelic-classes-of-the-oreo-epitope-sequence-logo-lnk2572m.png Figure 3: Allelic classes of the OREO epitope. Sequence Logo diagrams showing the relative frequency of different amino acids for each OREO conformation based on yearly consensus sequences. The various epitopes can be defined by the amino acids at positions 147, 158 and 159. These three positions have been used to define the conformations of OREO in the phylogenetic tree in Figure 2D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pseudotype-microneutralisation-data-revealing-a-2d4lokcg.png Figure 1: Pseudotype microneutralisation data revealing a cyclic pattern of epitope recognition and the involvement of position 147 in the production of cross-protective antibodies in sera taken from children aged 6 to 12 in 2006/2007. (A) Serum samples from children aged between 6 to 12 years in 2006/2007 n = 88 were tested for their ability to neutralise a panel of pseudotyped lentiviruses representing a range of historical isolates. (B-F) A lysine residue was inserted at position 147 linear numbering, where Met = 1 through site-directed mutagenesis SDM in the HAs of pseudotyped lentiviruses A/WSN/1933, A/PR/8/1934 and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-influenza-challenge-of-vaccinated-mice-with-either-2br6mxrh.png Figure 5. Influenza challenge of vaccinated mice with either A/PR/8/1934 or A/California/4/2009. (A, B) The graphs denote daily weight loss of the mice during the challenge. Mice of the same age, which were not vaccinated or challenged, are shown for reference and denoted ‘unchallenged and unvaccinated’. (C, D) Survival curve denoting the number of mice in each group. Mice were euthanised at 20% weight loss. https://scispace.com/papers/an-enterprise-ontology-based-approach-to-service-5gbrgcq173 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-standard-transaction-pattern-3cdwopxl.png Fig. 1. Standard transaction pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-part-of-the-action-model-of-protector-1batbv10.png Fig. 7. Part of the action model of protector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-generic-service-specification-framework-32h6oray.png Fig. 3. The generic service specification framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-of-service-coordination-aspects-3pzwqvtr.png TABLE 4 Evaluation of Service Coordination Aspects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-state-model-of-protector-3vjjgheq.png Fig. 6. State model of protector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-the-service-executor-aspects-3mv30cn2.png TABLE 2 Evaluation of the Service Executor Aspects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-the-service-production-aspects-3i7y5jlt.png TABLE 3 Evaluation of the Service Production Aspects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-actor-transaction-diagram-of-protector-2xtmulfo.png Fig. 4. Actor transaction diagram of protector. https://scispace.com/papers/an-equivalent-circuit-model-for-predicting-the-core-loss-in-2s7zl3y0zi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-rig-of-a-claw-pole-pm-motor-3uoahw66.png Fig. 5. Test rig of a claw pole PM motor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structure-of-the-claw-pole-smc-motor-207mvmkd.png Fig. 1. The structure of the claw pole SMC motor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-per-phase-equivalent-circuit-including-core-losses-ssfhuyos.png Fig. 2. Per-phase equivalent circuit including core losses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-efficiency-and-output-power-with-respect-to-the-27wx474w.png Fig. 8. Efficiency and output power with respect to the percent of rated speed https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-core-loss-of-claw-pole-pm-motor-27v7ijkl.png TABLE I CALCULATED CORE LOSS OF CLAW POLE PM MOTOR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-core-loss-measurement-and-calculation-1ipq04f9.png Fig. 6. Core loss measurement and calculation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-core-loss-resistance-rc-with-respect-to-motor-speed-142po20j.png Fig. 7. Core loss resistance Rc with respect to motor speed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-self-incremental-secant-and-measured-inductances-1c0hrxnm.png Fig. 4. Self-incremental, secant, and measured inductances https://scispace.com/papers/an-ethical-framework-for-the-digital-afterlife-industry-262qhhbbbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-progression-of-posthumous-online-presence-2f4hv05w.png Table 1. Progression of posthumous online presence. https://scispace.com/papers/an-estimated-two-country-dsge-model-of-austria-and-the-euro-t6re8slcj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impulse-response-to-a-labor-supply-shock-in-the-1hqr5er6.png Figure 8: Impulse Response to a Labor Supply Shock in the rest of the Euro Area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impulse-response-to-a-labor-supply-shock-in-austria-36ojlw14.png Figure 7: Impulse Response to a Labor Supply Shock in Austria https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-business-cycle-facts-for-austria-and-euro-area-hp-3jc1bb8s.png Table 1: Business Cycle Facts for Austria and Euro Area, HP-filtered data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prior-and-posterior-distributions-structural-3a8xpd62.png Figure 2: Prior and Posterior Distributions, Structural Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-persistence-parameters-pre-emu-and-emu-comparison-2ffk7pbg.png Table 6: Persistence Parameters, pre-EMU and EMU Comparison, Estimated Maximum Posterior https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-shock-parameters-pre-emu-and-emu-comparison-3vov4e80.png Table 7: Shock Parameters, pre-EMU and EMU Comparison, Estimated Maximum Posterior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-impulse-response-to-a-wage-markup-shock-in-the-1lc447qu.png Figure 10: Impulse Response to a Wage Markup Shock in the rest of the Euro Area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-impulse-response-to-a-wage-markup-shock-in-austria-3eqggrw7.png Figure 9: Impulse Response to a Wage Markup Shock in Austria https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-aspect-oriented-programming-for-embedded-43vrhxojna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-worst-case-run-time-measurement-results-of-data-1uvpgrji.png Figure 4.12 Worst Case Run-Time Measurement Results of Data Processing Block https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-average-run-time-measurement-results-of-data-16yiana9.png Figure 4.11 Average Run-Time Measurement Results of Data Processing Block https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-cpu-usage-results-1ia9n1es.png Figure 4.6 CPU Usage Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-effects-of-aop-on-embedded-real-time-metrics-3qli3nig.png Table 4.4 Effects of AOP on Embedded Real-Time Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-lcom-metric-results-30ahgznt.png Figure 4.4 LCOM Metric Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-object-oriented-implementation-of-error-checking-pswndvkm.png Figure 3.6 Object-Oriented Implementation of Error Checking Concern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-a-d-converter-object-8w4oacx0.png Figure 2.3 A/D Converter Object https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9-aspect-weaver-3g3g33oq.png Figure 2.9 Aspect Weaver https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-authoring-interfaces-for-image-based-2lyjchs2tk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-separate-annotation-author-and-viewer-modes-3dxi8oiz.png Figure 1: Separate annotation author and viewer modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-annotation-mean-times-and-corrections-per-uwvb2pd2.png Figure 3: Image annotation mean times and corrections per group. Vertical lines indicate the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-perspective-annotation-author-2a-and-viewer-2b-zc6ifq79.png Figure 2: Perspective annotation author (2a) and viewer (2b) modes; Freehand annotation interface (2c). https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-combination-strategies-for-test-case-23z5xozmgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-number-of-faults-revealed-by-the-combination-7zvvirco.png Table 10: Number of faults revealed by the combination strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oa-test-suite-for-the-example-test-problem-34m9kcq1.png Figure 3: OA test suite for the example test problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-percent-of-test-cases-that-failed-for-each-fault-6gkmymqe.png Table 13: Percent of test cases that failed for each fault for the different combination strategies applied to the test subjects count, tokens, and series. Bold indicates high and italic indicates low for each fault. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-percent-of-test-cases-that-failed-for-a-each-fault-mhwim74r.png Table 14: Percent of test cases that failed for a each fault for the different combination strategies applied to the test subjects nametbl and ntree. Bold indicates high and italic indicates low for each fault. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aetg-test-suite-for-the-example-test-problem-29cvd8x6.png Figure 4: AETG test suite for the example test problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-size-metrics-of-the-programs-the-number-3miy0p40.png Table 2: Descriptive size metrics of the programs. The number of decision points are divided into assert (’a’), case (’c’), for (’f’), if (’i’), and while (’w’) statements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-test-case-generation-and-execution-27nb8umo.png Figure 5: Test Case Generation and Execution https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-number-of-t-factor-faults-in-each-test-subject-with-3mnpkpk8.png Table 11: Number of t-factor faults in each test subject with respect to the input parameter models used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-the-environmental-fate-and-behavior-of-2o2rt78723 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-311-photodiode-array-spectra-of-peak-1-3byf29z6.png FIGURE 3,11 . PHOTODIODE-ARRAY SPECTRA OF PEAK 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-20-average-fresh-weights-of-wheat-and-blando-brome-1n3ph0dm.png TABLE 3.20. AVERAGE FRESH WEIGHTS OF WHEAT AND BLANDO BROME PLANTS GROWN FOR 60 DAYS ON 10-ppm TNT-AMENDED OR CONTROL SOILS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-22-chromatograms-of-sterile-burbank-palouse-and-hjnky3p9.png FIGURE 3.22. CHROMATOGRAMS OF STERILE BURBANK, PALOUSE AND CINEBAR SOILS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-average-peak-areas-in-arbitrary-units-and-relative-2454gmnb.png TABLE 3.4. AVERAGE PEAK AREAS (IN ARBITRARY UNITS) AND RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATIONS FOR COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN SOIL AGED WITH TNT (n =3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-20-mass-spectra-of-the-unique-transformation-lzo6kajz.png FIGURE 3.20. MASS SPECTRA OF THE UNIQUE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCT ISOLATED FROM BURBANK SOIL CONTAINING TNT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-15-radiochromatogram-of-hplc-separations-of-3mx6iia5.png FIGURE 3.15. RADIOCHROMATOGRAM OF HPLC SEPARATIONS Of EXTRACTS FROM BURBANK SOIL AGED FOR 10 DAYS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-331-badiochbomatogbam-of-acid-hydbol-yzed-bush-bean-18zz89sm.png FIGURE 3,31. BADIOCHBOMATOGBAM OF ACID-HYDBOL YZED BUSH BEAN EXUDATE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-representative-tnt-standard-curve-356nis66.png FIGURE 3.1. REPRESENTATIVE TNT STANDARD CURVE https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-the-active-fracture-concept-in-modeling-25d0qmkx57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distributions-of-tracer-concentrations-in-the-dfnm-2k5k3233.png Figure 10. Distributions of tracer concentrations in the DFNM (Free-drainage condition) 10% of injection rates at 0.03 days (top left); 10% of injection rates at 0.7 days https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calibration-of-water-flow-rates-to-estimate-g-17g6rzxh.png Figure 7. Calibration of water flow rates to estimate γ values for DCM with bottom capillary-barrier boundary condition and selected injection rates. γ = 0 (top), γ is estimated (bottom). Symbols are data from the DFNM and the symbols with https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranges-and-mean-values-of-fracture-data-137el5qu.png Table 1. Ranges and mean values of fracture data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-parameters-used-for-modeling-ahlers-et-al-2000-3dozqlg1.png Table 2. Input parameters used for modeling (Ahlers et al., 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-afc-parameter-g-for-simulations-with-1cxbqu2k.png Table 3. Estimated AFC parameter γ, for simulations with different bottom flow boundary conditions and flow rates https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-the-medsnap-medication-authentication-3fjjaw8y8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-above-example-shows-a-sample-failing-both-a-and-1q883k2q.png Figure 4. The above example shows a sample failing both A and B side imprint. Note that there is much less white in the overlay on the right, as the two composite imprints do not align. This can be due to materials used in manufacture, differences in dies, or how the tablet stamping machine was configured pre-production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-medsnap-vr-allows-the-user-to-drill-down-into-each-169jhg3u.png Figure 3. MedSnap VR allows the user to drill down into each imaging check performed. In the case above where the sample passed, the imprint composite of the sample and authentic model are being compared with an overlay (far right). Areas of exact match are in white, the sample is orange, and the reference is blue. This result is consistent with an exact imprint match. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-use-of-the-medsnap-vr-application-to-test-a-sample-sbowqnga.png Figure 1. Use of the MedSnap VR application to test a sample of tablets to determine authenticity. The vinyl Snap Surface is used as a background for the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-resolution-imprint-composites-are-created-354v9x76.png Figure 5. High resolution imprint composites are created during the modeling process to provide extremely accurate assessment of tablet or capsule imprint authenticity. Changes to tablet ingredients can affect how imprints are visualized due to changes in grain, reflectivity, or sharpness. From L->R, Coartem, Eurocapro, Cifloxin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-medsnap-da-and-vr-guide-the-user-to-properly-align-ztymf7qb.png Figure 2. MedSnap DA and VR guide the user to properly align the camera with the Snap Surface then automatically take an image https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-medsnap-vr-results-1vu6nk0m.png Table 1. MedSnap VR Results https://scispace.com/papers/an-evolutionary-game-model-for-understanding-fraud-in-4bba1427pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-edge-weight-distribution-in-the-real-vat-t55k1t0b.png FIGURE 4 Edge-weight distribution in the real VAT declaration network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-degree-distribution-of-the-vat-declaration-network-co0ouor3.png FIGURE 3 Degree distribution of the VAT declaration network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-analysis-of-the-diversity-of-subjective-gw3yj8h4.png FIGURE 10 Analysis of the diversity of subjective probabilities LHl and HHl when setting individuals of the population by generating a normal distribution ( , ).N n v We set n as 0.5 and plot different values of .v https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cumulative-distribution-of-the-ratio-of-undeclared-dzteg1rw.png FIGURE 5 Cumulative distribution of the ratio of undeclared transactions in the VAT declaration network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-upper-plot-shows-the-cooperators-evolution-for-1h4uw0jk.png FIGURE 6 The upper plot shows the cooperators’ evolution for different a values, from 0.1 to 0.6, with an initial cooperators frequency of 0.5. The lower plot shows that the initial frequency of strategies in the population is not relevant for the final state of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-upper-and-middle-heatmaps-show-sensitivity-3tjq13qe.png FIGURE 9 The upper and middle heatmaps show sensitivity analysis on LHl and HHl for .0 2a = and .0 4a = (real data scenario where . ).prob 0 02dH = The bottom heatmap shows the sensitivity analysis when probdH is 0.5 and .0 4a = for comparison. We observe that increasing the inspection probability for low transactions is preferable in the real world scenario where . ,prob 0 02dH = but this conclusion does not apply when we have the same number of low and high transactions in the network (see the lower heatmap). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sensitivity-analysis-on-a-and-c-a-controls-the-17vybb7f.png FIGURE 7 Sensitivity analysis on a and .C a controls the difficulty of the game, directly affecting the cooperation level. C is the inspection cost when a player is inspected due to mismatch declaration. We see how inspection cost C is only significant for a values approximately between 0.2 and 0.6. If a is either lower or higher, C has no impact on the cooperation level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-main-features-of-the-social-network-topologies-23cq2v0h.png TABLE III Main features of the social network topologies. https://scispace.com/papers/an-experiment-in-educational-research-creation-using-music-3vqxe670bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sonorous-molecularity-making-the-imperceptible-15ldryup.png Figure 2. Sonorous Molecularity, making the imperceptible audible (second sound creature). Stewart Riddle. Audio link: https://soundcloud.com/music-as-diagram/sound-creature-sonorous-molecularity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-music-as-diagram-stewart-riddle-1qkgyq1m.png Figure 1. Music as diagram. Stewart Riddle. https://scispace.com/papers/an-experiment-on-the-causes-of-bank-run-contagions-41kh6q7uzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fraction-of-withdrawals-by-patient-right-bank-36yqcz06.png Table 3: Fraction of withdrawals by Patient Right Bank depositors as a function of total Left Bank withdrawals – all periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-marginal-effects-from-random-effects-probit-1rd41486.png Table 9: Marginal effects from random effects probit regression on the determinants of patient Right Bank depositors’ withdrawals – individual effects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fraction-of-early-withdrawals-by-patient-depositors-1rsoo00l.png Table 2: Fraction of early withdrawals by Patient Depositors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-random-effects-least-squares-estimation-of-changes-2c0lwcyk.png Table 5: Random effects least squares estimation of changes in early withdrawals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-random-effects-least-squares-estimation-of-changes-1dti9t0b.png Table 8: Random effects least squares estimation of changes in early withdrawals – treatment comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoffs-296kwccx.png Table 1: Payoffs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-marginal-effects-from-random-effects-probit-bjfq1v1c.png Table 7: Marginal effects from random effects probit regression on the determinants of withdrawal level by patient Right Bank depositors – treatment comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-marginal-effects-from-random-effects-probit-kzrj7ohn.png Table 6: Marginal effects from random effects probit regression on the determinants of patient Right Bank depositors’ withdrawals – individual effects. https://scispace.com/papers/an-experimental-investigation-into-the-feasibility-of-mimo-b46jh660x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-the-detail-of-campaigns-carried-out-in-hf-mimo-1f9pwci0.png Table 3.1 The detail of campaigns carried out in HF-MIMO study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-sample-ionogram-taken-from-ukssdc-website-1mgfewlu.png Figure 1.4 Sample ionogram taken from UKSSDC website https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-plasma-density-in-relation-to-height-taken-from-2wsvc2fs.png Figure 1.2 Plasma density in relation to height (taken from Ionos pheric Radio by K. Davies) https://scispace.com/papers/an-experimental-investigation-of-heat-transfer-enhancement-1qlbzmcs1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-cross-section-of-mmft-10-2b3tah7l.png Fig. 1 The cross-section of MMFT 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-increase-of-nusselt-numbers-using-16q84aap.png Table 3 Average increase of Nusselt numbers using enhancement techniques with respect to the 7 water in sample 1 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-pec-under-several-conditions-2-242j90tk.png Fig. 14 Comparison of PEC under several conditions 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-pec-values-versus-reynolds-number-for-samples-2-5-and-1zxtpz6u.png Fig. 10 PEC values versus Reynolds number for samples 2-5 and nanofluids with different φ 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-test-system-3-2mm6tk2y.png Fig. 6 Schematic of test system 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-increase-of-f-using-enhancement-techniques-1jpvdz42.png Table 2 Average increase of f using enhancement techniques with respect to the water in sample 1 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-friction-factors-between-water-in-1af2e2g3.png Fig. 11 Comparison of friction factors between water in sample 1 and TiO2-water nanofluids in (a) 5 samples 2, (b) sample 3, (c) sample 4 and (d) sample 5 6 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-pecnf-values-versus-reynolds-number-in-a-sample-2-b-11tcsp5l.png Fig. 13 PECnf values versus Reynolds number in (a) sample 2, (b) sample 3, (c) sample 4 and (d) 3 sample 5 4 https://scispace.com/papers/an-experimental-study-of-the-degradation-of-particles-in-21ejpdnsci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-particles-extracted-from-complex-plasma-20yhwjpb.png Fig. 1. SEM images of particles extracted from complex plasma: (a) MF-R particles collected on a substrate in one experiment (lateral image size, 0.8 mm); (b) typical image of a modified spherical particle extracted from complex plasma, showing developed rough surface morphology (lateral image size, 10 μm). The time of particle occurrence in plasma was 20 min. https://scispace.com/papers/an-experimental-test-in-mallards-anas-platyrhynchos-of-the-p1bea48l1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eggshell-bacterial-load-mean-se-at-the-start-day-0-17o2k9cy.png Fig. 2 Eggshell bacterial load (mean, ?SE) at the start (day 0, left) and end of the experiment (day 5, right) for non-incubated eggs or eggs incubated by females having free (control) or blocked access (APM) to their preen gland https://scispace.com/papers/an-exploration-of-student-learning-for-sustainability-4os7em66kp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-wikirate-project-research-page-3nllcd8x.png Figure 1: Example of Wikirate Project Research Page https://scispace.com/papers/an-exploratory-study-of-blind-software-developers-5emzq8qhet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographics-of-participants-24macpmz.png TABLE I DEMOGRAPHICS OF PARTICIPANTS. https://scispace.com/papers/an-hp-hybrid-high-order-method-for-variable-diffusion-on-ievr7v5vst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-convergence-with-p-refinement-regular-test-case-1itu4qea.png Figure 2: Convergence with p-refinement (regular test case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meshes-considered-in-the-p-convergence-test-of-jej6ayjs.png Figure 1: Meshes considered in the p-convergence test of Section 3.3. The triangular, Cartesian, refined, and staggered meshes originate from the FVCA5 benchmark [25]; the hexagonal mesh was originally introduced in [26]; the Voronoi mesh was obtained using the PolyMesher algorithm of [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-illustration-for-point-ii-in-the-proof-of-lemma-1-2uhzdrh8.png Figure A.4: Illustration for point (ii) in the proof of Lemma 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-convergence-with-p-refinement-le-potiers-test-case-10i4opjs.png Figure 3: Convergence with p-refinement (Le Potier’s test case) https://scispace.com/papers/an-hypergraph-data-model-for-expert-finding-in-multimedia-ulnwdo9gj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architectural-overview-24dbgd8g.png Figure 1. Architectural overview. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kendall-tau-and-spearmans-rank-correlation-values-250tqde4.png Table 3. Kendall’ Tau and Spearman’s Rank Correlation values for a considered pair of ranking measures(PageRank (PR), K-Step Markov(KS), MSN topic-sensitive user neighborhood centrality(MSNTUR), Human Ranking(HR), Topic-Sensitive Influence Mining (TSIM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-values-of-topic-sensitive-user-neighborhood-2h4t1rws.png Figure 2. Average values of topic-sensitive user neighborhood centrality score computed on three different communities of users (pop, rap, and pop-rap). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-last-fm-dataset-2akfvcwc.png Table 1. Last.FM dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-msn-characterization-3h9v7thd.png Table 2. MSN characterization. https://scispace.com/papers/an-hst-survey-of-the-mid-uv-morphology-of-nearby-galaxies-f9xn7nonjl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-205frpz2.png TABLE 3—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nearby-galaxies-imaged-with-wfpc2-in-the-mid-uv-in-3up7p6o3.png TABLE 1 Nearby Galaxies Imaged with WFPC2 in the Mid-UV in Cycle 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-distribution-of-the-predicted-average-mid-2x11r7it.png Fig. 1.—Normalized distribution of the predicted average mid-UV SB out to re (see x 2.1.2) for the 37 galaxies observed during HST Cycle 9 (hashed histogram) and for the full galaxy sample (solid histogram), which includes 17 galaxies with mid-UV data taken prior to Cycle 9. For comparison, we also show the SB distribution for the 3009 galaxies in the RC3 with measured BT, (U B), and re (open histogram). The galaxies were selected to have lF300Wd23 mag arcsec 2, allowing us to detect each object in F300W in no more than a single HST orbit. For our purpose of comparing nearby and distant galaxies this imposed SB bias is justified, since the strong cosmological SB dimming acts similarly in hiding lower SB objects at high redshifts from deep surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-other-imaging-data-in-thehst-archive-on-our-cycle-9-fldih5k9.png TABLE 3—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-other-properties-of-the-selected-galaxy-sample-as-in-27eg2pqn.png Fig. 2.—Other properties of the selected galaxy sample. As in Fig. 1, we present normalized distributions for the Cycle 9 galaxies (hashed ), the full sample (solid ), and the RC3 (open) of (a) morphological type, (b) apparent axis ratio b/a, (c) average (U B) color out to re, and (d ) effective radius re. Taking deviations due to small number statistics into account, our sample approximates the RC3 distribution, except that for the purpose of comparison with high-redshift objects, we placed extra emphasis on the very latest types, bluest optical galaxy colors, and smallest angular sizes (to fit the FOV of theWFPC2).We also somewhat overrepresent highly inclined systems. https://scispace.com/papers/an-icy-force-both-foul-and-fair-the-theme-of-love-versus-g39dr9fe12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-theme-of-love-versus-fear-and-the-main-26inmlz0.png Table 1: The theme of love versus fear, and the main differences, per song https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-triangle-of-aspects-29eubrlq.png Figure 1: The triangle of aspects https://scispace.com/papers/an-impact-assessment-for-urban-stormwater-use-4jxbh41069 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-e-coli-guideline-values-associated-with-different-1r57hm3z.png Table 3. E. coli guideline values associated with different occupational and non-occupational 218 stormwater uses. 219 220 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-risk-matrix-developed-showing-scores-associated-with-16ixz2mo.png Table 5. Risk matrix developed showing scores associated with stormwater use in a range of 403 occupational and non-occupational contexts 404 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-and-definition-of-commonly-used-water-reuse-1b0sehdz.png Table 1. Overview and definition of commonly used water reuse terms 82 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potential-applications-for-collected-stormwater-3sxs6gxz.png Table 2. Potential applications for collected stormwater, common scale of application and key 105 limitations/concerns for water quality 106 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-example-descriptors-of-incrementing-likelihood-of-v9rlri3y.png Table 4. Example descriptors of incrementing likelihood of occurrence and magnitude of 361 impact 362 https://scispace.com/papers/an-impedance-based-flow-microcytometer-for-single-cell-36mjyfkxve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-picture-of-the-microdevice-for-single-cell-shape-2g77iruh.png Fig. 1 (a) A picture of the microdevice for single cell shape-based discrimination with details of the focusing/orientation unit and the shape sensing unit. (b) A schematic representation of the device and the working principle. Focusing and orientation are achieved by applying a transverse electric field to the liquid electrodes on the side of the main channel. The particles are repulsed in the midline (y = 0) and focused at the equilibrium position by nDEP. At the same time, they are oriented by induced polarization. In the sensing region, particles are interrogated along two different directions by using two couples of liquid electrodes in a cross configuration. The longitudinal (Sx) and transverse (Sy) current signals are recorded simultaneously. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-of-the-electric-field-in-the-dep-focusing-2zbj99fw.png Fig. 2 Simulation of the electric field in the DEP focusing/orientation section performed using COMSOL Multiphysics version 4.3a. The AC/DC > Electric Currents (ec) module is used to simulate a 3D system with a domain consisting of 4 pairs of liquid electrodes, which have a dimension of 40 μm and are placed on the bottom of lateral channels. The main channel is 40 μm wide, 20 μm high and 440 μm long; the lateral channels, 40 μm wide, are 40 μm apart from each other. The entire volume is filled with PBS (σ = 1.6 S m−1 and εr = 80). The electric field is simulated at an applied potential of 8 V to the opposite electrode across the main channel. Apart from the electrodes, all boundaries were electrically insulated. (Top view) In the focusing/orientation region, an opposite electric potential between the facing liquid electrodes allows particle focusing in the channel midline where the electric field lines are less dense (DEP focusing effect). Non-spherical particles are oriented by electro-orientation with the longest axis parallel to the electric field and perpendicular to the flow direction. (Side view) The liquid electrodes maintain a homogenous electric field distribution in the vertical direction along the channel and in the center of the sensing region. https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-automated-radiosynthesis-of-18f-fet-bag-toca-1g2p7kyki3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-fastlabtm-cassette-setup-for-the-1spae8lk.png Fig 1. A schematic of the FASTlab™ cassette setup for the radiosynthesis of [18F]FET-AG-TOCA. A detailed description of the setup is presented in Table 1. A photograph of the setup is shown in the ESI (Fig S1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fastlabtm-cassette-setup-12b7qevh.png Table 1. FASTlab™ cassette setup. https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-dfa-for-fast-regular-expression-matching-3b1wtyva9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-number-of-bits-used-for-a-20by5ieq.png Figure 4: Distribution of the number of bits used for a relative identifier with our compression scheme for standard rule sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-automata-recognizing-ab-a-c-and-def-1vj4ytqb.png Figure 2: Automata recognizing .*ab[ˆa]*c and .*def https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-automata-recognizing-a-b-c-and-c-d-3ejxp0ns.png Figure 1: Automata recognizing (a+),(b+c) and (c∗d+). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-transitions-and-memory-compression-by-2klrrfob.png Table 4: Number of transitions and memory compression by applying δFA+C-S to XFA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-rule-sets-used-for-evaluation-3la5ys87.png Table 2: Characteristics of the rule sets used for evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-compression-of-the-different-algorithms-in-terms-of-357lcrth.png Table 3: Compression of the different algorithms in terms of transitions and memory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-number-of-memory-accesses-for-dfa-bec-cro-and-7ggx6bu8.png Figure 5: Mean number of memory accesses for δFA, BEC-CRO and D2FA for different datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-speed-performance-and-space-24i6r864.png Figure 6: Comparison of speed performance and space requirements for the different algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-estimator-for-black-scholes-merton-implied-2gkzkf7sd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accuracy-of-the-adjusted-implied-volatility-1ofjy0ed.png Figure 2: Accuracy of the adjusted implied volatility estimators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-approximation-accuracy-of-our-tweaked-approximation-2g4w9z08.png Table 2: Approximation accuracy of our tweaked approximation eq.(24), as measured by RMSE (unweighted, see eq.(25)) and RWMSE (vega-weighted, see https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-accuracy-of-the-unadjusted-implied-volatility-1ystlqd9.png Figure 1: Accuracy of the unadjusted implied volatility estimators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximation-accuracy-as-measured-by-rmse-2uq5isrz.png Table 1: Approximation accuracy, as measured by RMSE (unweighted, see eq.(25)) and RWMSE (vega-weighted, see eq.(28)). Comparison is between the https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-droop-control-method-for-dc-microgrids-based-on-3a15g7qxoy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-basic-configuration-of-a-dc-microgrid-with-several-16859f0q.png Fig. 5. Basic configuration of a dc microgrid with several voltage nodes. (a) Droop curve of PV modules. (b) Droop curve of batteries. (c) System configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-the-transient-response-when-the-lbc-based-control-27ndw4h8.png Fig. 23. The transient response when the LBC-based control method is activated (Rline1 = 1 Ω, Rline2 = 8 Ω). (a) Voltage restoration. (b) Current sharing accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-the-transient-response-when-the-lbc-based-control-37po7vu6.png Fig. 21. The transient response when the LBC-based control method is activated (Rline1 = 1 Ω, Rline2 = 4 Ω). (a) Voltage restoration. (b) Current sharing accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-the-transient-response-when-the-lbc-based-control-5gnqq20g.png Fig. 22. The transient response when the LBC-based control method is activated (Rline1 = 1 Ω, Rline2 = 8 Ω). (a) Voltage restoration. (b) Current sharing accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-of-the-control-diagram-for-analyzing-the-system-33rw8ftr.png Fig. 6. Model of the control diagram for analyzing the system stability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-system-parameters-1cy0b3lt.png TABLE II SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-closed-loop-dominant-poles-for-different-communication-egwwnpvl.png Fig. 7. Closed-loop dominant poles for different communication delays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-the-transient-response-when-the-lbc-based-control-3ga5kncg.png Fig. 19. The transient response when the LBC-based control method is activated (communication delay: 20 ms). (a) Voltage restoration. (b) Current sharing accuracy. https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-low-rank-detector-in-the-high-dimensional-regime-5e5n8g0xgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ecdfs-of-t-under-h1-hypothesis-for-different-values-of-2wdxied8.png Fig. 2. ECDFs of T̃ under H1 hypothesis for different values of M and CDF of χ2(2, 2|α| 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-empirical-pfa-as-a-function-of-the-doa-for-2t-th0-t-3140isu6.png Fig. 3. Empirical Pfa as a function of the DoA for 2T ϑ0 , T and T̃ . M = 80, N = 80, K = 3, CNR = 10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ecdfs-of-t-under-h0-hypothesis-for-different-values-of-1mvfxdx2.png Fig. 1. ECDFs of T̃ under H0 hypothesis for different values of M and CDF of χ2(2) (red). N = M , K = 3, CNR = 10 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-multiscale-method-for-life-cycle-production-3r3rm3vzo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ln-kh-three-channel-case-hcf2x7a1.png Fig. 1 ln kh, three channel case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-permeability-curves-three-channel-case-1iszj85p.png Fig. 2 Relative permeability curves, three channel case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optimum-total-injection-rate-bound-plus-inequality-38zlldpd.png Fig. 6 Optimum total injection rate; bound plus inequality constraints, three-channel case https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reservoir-properties-three-channel-case-18ufpz3s.png Table 1 Reservoir properties, three channel case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-depth-ft-of-the-top-of-the-structure-for-the-brugge-figstzio.png Fig. 7 Depth (ft) of the top of the structure for the Brugge field example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-only-bound-constraints-optimum-well-controls-for-ri-2i9r15z0.png Fig. 11 Only bound constraints; optimum well controls for RI-MO [11] and RHi-MO (ONE), Brugge field https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-bound-plus-inequality-constraints-in-1lb2clzy.png Table 5 Summary, bound plus inequality constraints in augmented Lagrangian method, Brugge field https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-only-bound-constraints-three-channel-case-2x51xrg3.png Table 2 Summary; only bound constraints, three channel case NPV,×107$ # Sim. Final Nu https://scispace.com/papers/an-inactivation-switch-enables-rhythms-in-a-neurospora-clock-4jvsbwmidd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bifurcation-diagrams-the-upper-graphs-show-the-3u75wtk2.png Figure 4. Bifurcation diagrams: The upper graphs show the maxima and minima of oscillations for varying parameters n (Hill coefficient) and a02 (WC1c overexpression). The lower graphs depict the corresponding periods. It turns out that oscillations persist for Hill coefficient n between 0.5 and 2.5, whereas overexpression of WC1 (a02) can terminate rhythms. Default parameter values are marked by bold numbers and arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-core-network-of-neurosporas-clock-the-delayed-2uxd82w8.png Figure 1. Core network of Neurospora’s clock: The delayed negative feedback via FRQ is controlled by complex formations and phosphorylations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modeling-neurospora-clock-mutants-a-list-of-selected-dba82lk6.png Table 1. Modeling Neurospora clock mutants: A list of selected mutants and their properties (simulations in Appendix Figure A5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inactivation-switch-in-the-neurospora-clock-model-30imgi7l.png Figure 5. Inactivation switch in the Neurospora clock model: The FFCn levels (red line) are most of the time lower than the WC1n levels (green line), and only a small fraction of WC1n is bound to FFCn (yellow line) (see A). Below, we distinguish on and off phases. (B) points to an active WC1 (the thick line indicates strong binding to frq promoter) with a small degradation rate a18 (thin line). (C) illustrates the off state with FFC-assisted inactivation of WC1. Here, we have a strong binding of FFC to WC1 (a19 > a20) and fast degradation (a21 > a18). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neurospora-circadian-clock-model-the-wiring-diagram-1mj0siaf.png Figure 2. Neurospora circadian clock model: The wiring diagram of the model shows compartmentalization into nucleus and cytoplasm, turnover of frq and wc1 colored in blue, complex formations, and nuclear translocation. The core components of the inactivation switch are marked by green, red, and yellow throughout the paper (A). Ordinary differential equations with 10 variables and 26 parameters (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-time-series-there-are-sinusoidal-and-1en2yngv.png Figure 3. Simulated time series: There are sinusoidal and spike-like waveforms, harmonics, and a temporal switch (see the text). https://scispace.com/papers/an-indentation-system-for-determination-of-viscoplastic-cxy2uvb1ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-force-necessary-for-spherical-indentation-at-10mzyeu8.png Table 1: Maximum force necessary for spherical indentation at R=250 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/an-index-to-new-genera-and-species-of-nematoda-in-zootaxa-4vpx4k71mm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-page-lengths-of-papers-describing-new-taxa-of-2mr73san.png FIGURE 2. Page lengths of papers describing new taxa of Nematoda published in Zootaxa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-papers-describing-new-taxa-of-nematoda-32afjise.png FIGURE 1. Number of papers describing new taxa of Nematoda published in Zootaxa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-new-species-of-nematoda-published-in-2z9koukp.png FIGURE 3. Number of new species of Nematoda published in Zootaxa. https://scispace.com/papers/an-informatics-consult-approach-for-generating-clinical-1c0qmz5xmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trial-evidence-and-currently-recruiting-trials-of-1q27q4nn.png Fig. 3 Trial evidence and currently recruiting trials of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and cirrhosis to reduce stroke risk. A Clinical question and summary of trial evidence. B Previously completed and currently recruiting randomised trials evaluating anticoagulants and stroke outcomes have exclusion criteria related to cirrhosis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-informatics-consult-electronic-health-record-request-20qw1zlp.png Fig. 1 Informatics Consult Electronic health record request form prototype https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-genetic-evidence-two-sample-mendelian-randomisation-on-2ugln9ur.png Fig. 6 Genetic evidence. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation on circulating vitamin K1 levels and risk of stroke. *Indicate significant results https://scispace.com/papers/an-innovative-photoreactor-fluhelik-to-promote-uvc-h2o2-3v4flt1912 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-physicochemical-characteristics-of-the-real-26p08san.png Table 1. Main physicochemical characteristics of the real urban wastewater collected 748 after secondary treatment. 749 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-h2o2-initial-concentration-in-the-removal-2qercglf.png Table 2. Effect of H2O2 initial concentration in the removal of 11 pharmaceuticals spiked in a real urban wastewater by UVC/H2O2 751 photochemical system using a FluHelik photoreactor in multiple or single pass flow mode. 752 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pseudo-first-order-kinetic-constants-along-with-the-1xy7m73c.png Table 3. Pseudo-first order kinetic constants along with the corresponding coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and residual variance (S 2 https://scispace.com/papers/an-institutional-palimpsest-the-case-of-cambodia-s-political-39tbyeynyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lines-of-continuity-and-discontinuity-1970-1989-m0anyyuh.png Table 2. Lines of continuity and discontinuity, 1970-1989 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-data-33q0hda4.png Table 1. Description of data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-discontinuities-supporting-continuity-supporting-3iwl1vh8.png Figure 1. Discontinuities supporting continuity supporting discontinuities https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-micro-chip-for-rapid-detection-of-magnetic-28sdwv9kv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-fabricated-gmr-micro-chip-inset-wfvrcocg.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Fabricated GMR micro-chip (inset: fabricated horseshoe sensing elements that are underneath the innermost conducting micro-ring). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-layout-of-the-gmr-micro-chip-a-1v0xf1m1.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic layout of the GMR micro-chip. (a) Active and reference sensing areas, (b) chip layout, and (c) Wheatstone bridge connection of GMR sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-experimental-results-showing-manipulation-3ugwgwip.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Experimental results showing manipulation of magnetic particles towards the sensing area. (a) No current applied. (b) Current applied to innermost micro-ring concentrating magnetic particles to the active GMR sensors. (c) Experimental results showing the variation of GMR sensor output at different steps of the manipulation process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-characterization-results-of-a-single-gmr-2n2538fp.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Characterization results of a single GMR sensing element. (a) DC characteristics (applied field is parallel to the pinned direction), (b) DC characteristics (applied field is transverse to the pinned direction), and (c) small signal AC characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-framework-for-the-comparative-analysis-of-the-o3lekpid1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-territorial-drivers-of-innovation-dynamics-in-1iprgc2q.png Figure 2 – The territorial drivers of innovation dynamics in the European Union https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-territorial-drivers-of-innovation-dynamics-and-3bzcvw6j.png Figure 1 – Territorial drivers of innovation dynamics and streams of literature combined in the integrated framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-territorial-drivers-of-innovation-dynamics-in-1h10eg9b.png Figure 3 – The territorial drivers of innovation dynamics in the U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-territorial-drivers-of-innovation-dynamics-in-22rmh3zf.png Figure 4 – The territorial drivers of innovation dynamics in China https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-three-layered-foresight-framework-37vir14djc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-megatrends-confirming-sixth-k-wave-drivers-3lgr8wyi.png Table III Megatrends confirming sixth K-wave drivers https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-chronology-of-k-waves-2tbyd1x2.png Table II Chronology of K-waves https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-impact-of-developments-mega-trends-and-uncertainties-2em5rpe3.png Table I Impact of developments (mega-trends and uncertainties) in STEEEP categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-swot-analysis-for-port-of-rotterdam-3brexz1z.png Table IV SWOT analysis for Port of Rotterdam https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-way-to-design-fd-ftc-modules-via-parity-space-45ymdv19bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-closed-loop-and-matched-systems-3n9s7ecu.png Fig. 1. Closed-loop and matched systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residual-r2-k-of-this-nonlinear-system-around-the-3mzyarpd.png Fig. 4. Residual r2(k). of this nonlinear system around the specific set-point: H1,0 = 40 cm, H2,0 = 30 cm, H3,0 = 20 cm, T1,0 = 170C, T2,0 = 220C, T3,0 = 19.80C, Q1,0 = 13.33 × 10−6 m3s−1, Q2,0 = 16.67 × 10−6 m3s−1, P1,0 = 111.5 W and P2,0 = 139.3 W . State-vector x(k) is such that x(k) = [ h1(k) h2(k) h3(k) t1(k) t2(k) t3(k) ] whereas control law is defined by u(k) =[ q1(k) q2(k) p1(k) p2(k) ] . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heating-system-benchmark-121zm6id.png Fig. 3. Heating system benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-closed-loop-system-driven-by-u-d-and-yref-392utt2u.png Fig. 2. Closed-loop system driven by u∗δ and yref . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measurement-t3-k-with-different-values-for-ud-k-2kasdp4q.png Fig. 5. Measurement T3(k) with different values for uδ(k). Desired reference trajectory y∗(k) is represented in broken line whereas y ref (k) is in dotted line. It can https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-control-input-u-k-with-ud-k-0-and-ud-k-u-d-k-3nj4juf0.png Fig. 6. Control input u(k) with uδ(k) = 0 and uδ(k) = u ∗ δ(k). https://scispace.com/papers/an-interpretation-of-rumphius-s-herbarium-amboinense-27xd35urz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-form-of-field-label-rrez8bky.png Fig. 1. Form of field label. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-163-is-unrecognizable-it-may-be-a-very-badly-drawn-o7tfohy4.png Figure 163 is unrecognizable. It may be a very badly drawn Dioscorea of the D. nummularia alliance. The type of the inflorescence, the opposite leaves, and the characters of the underground parts all permit of this view, in which case we need not suppose that the foliage is that of a Stemona, but that the artist was very careless in making the drawing. Indeed the foliage looks as if it were withered when the drawing was made. https://scispace.com/papers/an-interleaved-full-nyquist-high-speed-dac-technique-1hxo0zwb64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-steering-dac-structure-21pavot0.png Figure 1: Current steering DAC structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sdac-layout-1tj6v5ve.png Figure 8: sDAC layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-output-of-an-interleaved-dac-with-an-offset-error-kz4kj0t9.png Figure 3: Output of an interleaved DAC with an offset error between the sDACs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-output-of-an-interleaved-dac-with-a-gain-error-3a1z0oys.png Figure 4: Output of an interleaved DAC with a gain error between the sDACs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-table-iduucu5n.png Figure 13: Comparison table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sfdr-and-im3-versus-output-frequency-at-11gs-s-1fmfn3ek.png Figure 11: SFDR and IM3 versus output frequency at 11GS/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-timing-error-and-corresponding-sfdr-at-nyquist-due-1960kus7.png Figure 12: Timing error and corresponding SFDR at Nyquist due to timing imbalance for different tune voltages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-output-spectrum-with-4-6ghz-full-scale-yrvobhnq.png Figure 10: Measured output spectrum with 4.6GHz full-scale sine output across Nyquist at 11GS/s https://scispace.com/papers/an-introduction-to-using-counterdiabatic-driving-to-k8v89ndyy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cd-driving-eliminates-evolutionary-lag-in-16-1fkmb5sn.png Figure 1: CD driving eliminates evolutionary lag in 16-genotype simulation. Change in genotype frequencies over a period of environmental change (increasing drug concentration). Each color shows a different one of the 16 genotypes included in an agent based model. Dashed lines indicate the theoretical equilibrium value at each point in time, based on the current drug concentration. Solid lines indicate the observed value (median out of 10 replicates; error bars are plotted but are too small to see). Without CD driving, the observed values (solid lines) lag substantially behind the equilibrium values (dashed lines). CD driving almost completely eliminates this lag. https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-crystal-structure-surface-area-and-30g9hmu22z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-photocatalytic-h2-production-rate-39i7tytp.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the photocatalytic H2 production rate (μmol h -1 g-1) from water splitting under visible light irradiation in aqueous oxalic acid solution (0.025M) between Sr1-xNbO3 samples before and after ball milling. Columns represent the initial sample and boxes represents the same sample after ball https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tga-analysis-of-sr0-9nbo3-heating-up-to-900-oc-at-qj6pwj5u.png Fig. 2 TGA analysis of Sr0.9NbO3- , heating up to 900 oC at 5omin-1 under air, holding for 5 minutes and cooling back to room temperature. The material starts to be oxidized at ~300 oC. In this case is found to be 80 0.12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-time-courses-of-h2-evolution-in-aqueous-oxalic-39o2r5rj.png Fig. 6 Typical time courses of H2 evolution in aqueous oxalic acid solution (0.025 M) with 0.2g catalyst, reactor was purged with Ar every 20 hours to repeat the experiment. Results for (1-x= 0.9) have been presented in our previous work1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-band-gap-energy-as-calculated-by-kubelka-munk-rsk4annm.png Fig. 7 Band gap energy as calculated by Kubelka – Munk transformations from the UV-VIS spectras of the samples plotted against the stoichiometric Sr content of every Sr1-xNbO3 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-images-of-the-sample-sr0-9nbo3-before-a-and-after-x3n95cdf.png Fig. 8 SEM images of the sample Sr0.9NbO3 before (a.) and after the ball milling process (b.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-particle-size-distribution-before-blue-line-and-after-m8w8u9cw.png Fig. 9 Particle size distribution before (blue line) and after (red line) ball milling, done in views of decreasing the material’s particle size and increase the surface area. Solutions sonicated for two minutes to break down agglomeration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-powder-diffraction-patterns-of-sr1-xnbo3-1-x-0-1sigkbrc.png Fig. 3 X-ray powder diffraction patterns of Sr1-xNbO3 (1-x = 0.97, 0.9, 0.86, 0.8). Impurity peaks were labeled by diamond (♦) and Vaseline peaks were marked by (*). Results for (1-x= 0.8, 0.9) have been presented in our previous work1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-photocatalytic-performance-of-the-samples-in-h2-1ho6xz4k.png Fig. 10 Photocatalytic performance of the samples in H2 production rate plotted against the surface area of a. un-ball milled and b. ball milled samples. https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-flight-deck-data-link-in-the-terminal-203eazzrtv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-message-response-times-for-communication-modes-and-1i8lziq7.png Figure 3. Message response times for communication modes and loadable and not loadable capability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-errors-and-clarification-by-communication-yjy28udc.png Figure 4. Number of errors and clarification by communication mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-within-crew-and-air-ground-clarifications-2892l950.png Figure 5. Number of within-crew and air-ground clarifications and errors by communication mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-clarifications-and-errors-by-2v9iu0va.png Figure 6. Number of clarifications and errors by conditionality of message, mode, and interaction type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-number-of-clarifications-and-errors-by-length-of-irq64m99.png Figure 7. Number of clarifications and errors by length of message, mode, and interaction type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-big-sur-modesto-and-oceanic-routes-dots-indicate-1m6j6x7d.png Figure 1. Big Sur, Modesto, and Oceanic Routes. Dots indicate locations of major airports. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-picture-of-the-fmc-cdu-with-a-data-link-message-2awgt828.png Figure 2. Picture of the FMC/CDU with a data link message https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-workload-ratings-for-all-crews-for-all-38i1l6k6.png Figure 8. Mean workload ratings for all crews for all scenarios (7=very high, 1 = very low) https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-ga-performance-results-for-different-2o9skdyzvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-functions-biof73fs.png Table 3: Test Functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-expected-waiting-times-for-the-trap-function-18dl5blx.png Table 6: Expected Waiting Times for the Trap Function https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-expected-waiting-times-for-de-jongs-f1-2pjc3mkc.png Table 4: Expected Waiting Times for De Jong’s F1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expected-waiting-times-for-de-jongs-f8-s12bg704.png Table 5: Expected Waiting Times for De Jong’s F8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-notation-167aqpbm.png Table 2: Summary of Notation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-simple-genetic-algorithm-with-one-point-2hd4v6o9.png Table 1: The Simple Genetic Algorithm with One-Point Crossover and Uniform Mutation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-expected-waiting-times-for-the-mason-function-13xusw9h.png Table 7: Expected Waiting Times for the Mason Function https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-high-cycle-fatigue-models-for-metallic-j7daobmg4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-rfm-for-the-35degf-152-db-condition-2wdlvswf.png Figure 27: RFM for the 35°F/152 dB condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-morrow-tfs-model-rfd-for-35degf-152-db-imah1b34.png Figure 29: Morrow TFS model RFD for 35°F/152 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-rfm-for-the-35degf-158-db-condition-zyi1gyxp.png Figure 30: RFM for the 35°F/158 dB condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-mmpds-model-cycles-to-failure-normalized-by-walker-p9frn9hi.png Figure 14: MMPDS model cycles to failure normalized by Walker model cycles to failure ( 5 /f fwN N ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-walker-model-rfd-for-35degf-152-db-12z9beqg.png Figure 28: Walker model RFD for 35°F/152 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-morrow-model-cycles-to-failure-normalized-by-39hlngn2.png Figure 12: Morrow model cycles to failure normalized by Walker model cycles to failure ( /fm fN N w ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-morrow-tfs-model-cycles-to-failure-normalized-by-3ib8zd4k.png Figure 13: Morrow TFS model cycles to failure normalized by Walker model cycles to failure ( /fmTFS fwN N ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-rfm-for-the-0degf-170-db-condition-26s3qik7.png Figure 23: RFM for the 0°F/170 dB condition. https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-cultural-154iekrxsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-validity-and-reliability-h02k2x0w.png Table 2. Validity and reliability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-suitability-of-the-data-set-for-factor-analysis-nid7w5v1.png Table 1. Suitability of the data set for factor analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structural-equation-model-for-individualism-wsj8hiyr.png Figure 1. The structural equation model for individualism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structural-equation-model-for-collectivism-2tl4as06.png Figure 2. The structural equation model for collectivism https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-fit-indices-18lbdvqu.png Table 3. Model Fit Indices https://scispace.com/papers/an-ionic-liquid-lubricant-enables-superlubricity-to-be-30jmpqgdac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-lateral-force-images-forward-and-mzjawnue.png Fig. 1. Representative lateral force images (forward) and lateral force versus AFM tip displacement while sliding over an HOPG surface with an amplitude of 3 nm at 58.6 nm·s-1 in air, and immersed in [HMIm] FAP at 0 V, -1.0 V, -1.5 V, +1.0 V, and +1.5 V (versus Pt quasi reference electrode). The scale bars in the image are 0.5 nm. The energy dissipation is calculated from the area enclosed by the curve; the value listed is an average of ten or more separate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lateral-force-versus-normal-load-in-air-and-in-hmim-2x96su0m.png Fig. 2. Lateral force versus normal load in air and in [HMIm] FAP as a function of applied potential for a sharp AFM tip (r ≈5 nm) sliding on a HOPG surface over 100 nm at 6 μm•s-1. The friction coefficient, µ, is extracted from the gradient of the plot when the normal force is higher than 10 nN. https://scispace.com/papers/an-iterative-approach-for-noncausal-feedforward-tuning-2yz0ta2pla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-cost-function-for-example-3-3mvr2xyg.png Fig. 13. Cost function for example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-obtained-solid-line-and-desired-dashed-line-system-1h5wh27o.png Fig. 11. Obtained (solid line) and desired (dashed line) system output at the tenth iteration of the INFT procedure for example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-closed-loop-command-input-determined-at-the-first-37jd5eog.png Fig. 12. Closed-loop command input determined at the first (dashed line) and at the tenth iteration (solid line) of the INFT procedure for example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cost-function-for-example-1-387jdw59.png Fig. 5. Cost function for example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-closed-loop-command-input-determined-at-the-first-g89totki.png Fig. 8. Closed-loop command input determined at the first (dashed line) and at the tenth iteration (solid line) of the INFT procedure for example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-obtained-solid-line-and-desired-dashed-line-system-1d4zty5g.png Fig. 10. Obtained (solid line) and desired (dashed line) system output before applying the INFT procedure for example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-obtained-solid-line-and-desired-dashed-line-system-1tzgqbik.png Fig. 6. Obtained (solid line) and desired (dashed line) system output before applying the INFT procedure for example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-obtained-solid-line-and-desired-dashed-line-system-2exa96ww.png Fig. 7. Obtained (solid line) and desired (dashed line) system output at the tenth iteration of the INFT procedure for example 2. https://scispace.com/papers/an-lmi-solution-for-a-class-of-robust-open-loop-problems-3znivn5mda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-robust-open-loop-problem-21df0lfv.png Fig. 1. Robust Open-Loop Problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uncertain-system-1ey9l3za.png Fig. 2. Uncertain system https://scispace.com/papers/an-mri-study-of-white-matter-tract-integrity-in-regular-3pi1woow4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-10wjm4gy.png Table 1. Sample characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reconstructed-major-white-matter-tracts-2q2e00li.png Fig. 1 Reconstructed major white matter tracts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-significance-map-of-the-association-between-duration-3qgoy24q.png Fig. 3 Significance map of the association between duration of cannabis use and FA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-beta-values-and-p-values-for-group-by-age-zhf00xxb.png Table 2. Beta-values and p values for group by age interactions, and age cut-offs where significant differences in white matter integrity measures were found between cannabis users and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-significance-maps-of-the-interaction-between-cannabis-2pit1rgp.png Fig. 2. Significance maps of the interaction between cannabis use status and age across DTI metrics (top) and regression slopes for the maximally significant voxel (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/an-ode-based-method-for-computing-the-distance-of-coprime-44lotqnbuu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-the-function-e-l-e-for-example-7-1-1ym2f5zd.png Fig. 7.1. The function ε → |λ(ε)| for Example 7.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-4-coefficients-of-the-perturbed-polynomials-p-p-dp-q-1cjheka2.png Table 7.4 Coefficients of the perturbed polynomials p̂ = p+ δp, q̂ = q + δq in the example of 7.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3-the-distance-to-common-divisibility-for-example-7-4-wn1u2my5.png Fig. 7.3. The distance to common divisibility for Example 7.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2-approximated-structured-e-pseudospectrum-for-e-e-for-1vmej013.png Fig. 7.2. Approximated structured ε-pseudospectrum for ε = ε⋆ for Example 7.2. The origin lies on the boundary of ΛS ε (S) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-coefficients-of-the-perturbed-polynomials-p-p-dp-q-22fhaypz.png Table 7.1 Coefficients of the perturbed polynomials p̂ = p+ δp, q̂ = q + δq in the example of 7.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-the-numerical-results-for-example-7-1-show-that-2sf0aa8d.png Table 7.2 The numerical results for Example 7.1 show that all compared methods find the same (locally) optimal solution solution, however, the computation time differs by orders of magnitude. Most efficient is uvGCD, while least efficient is the ODE method. This is partly due to the unoptimized software implementation of the latter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-the-approximated-structured-e-pseudospectrum-for-e-1-26yhm155.png Fig. 3.1. The approximated structured ε-pseudospectrum for ε = 1 2 for Example (3.5) is filled with blue; the boundary of the unstructured ε-pseudospectrum is drawn in black. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-the-numerical-results-for-example-7-2-zwkbrscw.png Table 7.3 The numerical results for Example 7.2 (unconstrained case) are consistent with the ones reported in Table 7.2. https://scispace.com/papers/an-on-line-wireless-attack-detection-system-using-multi-5cnc2oav5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-example-event-probabilities-assigned-by-and-25pbdfp4.png TABLE I. EXAMPLE EVENT PROBABILITIES ASSIGNED BY AND https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-single-metric-results-utilising-ttl-2eezp3ea.png TABLE V. SINGLE METRIC RESULTS UTILISING TTL https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cross-layer-results-utilising-rssi-inj-rate-and-ttl-1a0vnj0v.png TABLE II. CROSS LAYER RESULTS UTILISING RSSI, INJ. RATE AND TTL https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-dual-metric-results-utilising-inj-rate-and-ttl-1lu3lwfc.png TABLE IV. DUAL METRIC RESULTS UTILISING INJ. RATE AND TTL https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-dual-metric-results-utilising-inj-rate-and-rssi-125jjutp.png TABLE III. DUAL METRIC RESULTS UTILISING INJ. RATE AND RSSI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-methodology-flowchart-38wr48iy.png Figure 2. Methodology flowchart. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-testbed-and-steps-of-attack-for-airpwn-23h0f7kj.png Figure 1. Testbed and steps of attack for Airpwn. https://scispace.com/papers/an-ontology-for-heterogeneous-resources-management-1rnflnkh9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-functional-properties-of-cl-ontology-gtq2d0tj.png Fig. 4. Functional properties of CL-Ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-layer-class-of-cl-ontology-1guaoznz.png Fig. 5. Layer class of CL-Ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-exploded-view-of-cloudlightning-architecture-ptfng8lh.png Fig. 10. Exploded view of CloudLightning architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-components-class-and-subclasses-in-cl-ontology-2a64cfok.png Fig. 6. Components class and subclasses in CL-Ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stateless-and-runtime-component-2j0i2xqo.png Fig. 7. Stateless and Runtime component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-idealized-cloud-infrastructure-containing-tg37be6j.png Fig. 1. An idealized cloud infrastructure containing heterogeneous resources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-level-classes-of-cl-ontology-5don3q34.png Fig. 2. Top level classes of CL-Ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cl-ontology-proposed-architecture-overview-1a89z62r.png Fig. 8. CL-Ontology proposed architecture overview. https://scispace.com/papers/an-optimal-approach-to-the-preliminary-design-of-small-5bmx8dfq0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-effect-of-the-characteristic-values-of-blower-and-3g6whess.png Figure 13: Effect of the characteristic values of βlower and βupper on the weight components. Black triangles: take-off weight. Purple squares: empty weight. Red circles: ICE weight. Blue triangle: battery weight. Cyan stars: fuel weight. Green diamonds: EM weight. Red vertical bar: baseline solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flowchart-of-the-optimal-procedure-dark-blue-1g0mldmh.png Figure 6: Flowchart of the optimal procedure. Dark blue: internal variables and processes. Light blue: optimization variables. Dark purple: assigned parameters. Light purple: output variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flowchart-of-the-take-off-performance-computation-20vvfnqf.png Figure 4: Flowchart of the take-off performance computation in the proposed optimal procedure. Dark blue: input from other processes. Light blue: optimization variables. Dark purple: assigned parameters. Light purple: output variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sizing-matrix-plot-for-the-considered-design-9hci5xfc.png Figure 7: Sizing matrix plot for the considered design problem. Curves referring to both standard rules and mission requirements. Blue solid vertical lines: landing for various CL. Red dashed lines: take-off run for various choices of C to L . Black dash-dotted lines: climb (two in take-off configuration with assigned climb angle γ and rate Vv , one in landing configuration with assigned angle γ as specified by FAR-23). Black dotted line: climb with assigned speed and rate Vv from mission profile. Cyan dotted lines: cruise and loiter. Magenta dashed line: envelope. Red star: reference design condition, adopted initialization values for optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-requirements-for-the-considered-mission-cghn472g.png Table 2: Performance requirements for the considered mission profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-polar-coefficients-for-different-configurations-3lem53iz.png Table 3: Polar coefficients for different configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effect-of-wto-s-black-triangles-take-off-weight-1i58a9ca.png Figure 14: Effect of Wto S . Black triangles: take-off weight. Purple squares: empty weight. Red circles: ICE weight. Blue triangle: battery weight. Cyan stars: fuel weight. Green diamonds: EM weight. Red vertical bar: baseline solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-optimal-time-histories-of-recharge-power-and-its-1fmxicuv.png Figure 9: Optimal time histories of recharge power and its components (left) and of total energy and its components (right). Vertical dashed bars: initial times of cruise and loiter. Left plot. Blue dashed: ICE. Black dash-dotted: EM. Purple dotted: required. Red solid: recharge. Right plot. Blue dash-dotted: fuel. Blue dashed: battery. Red solid: total. https://scispace.com/papers/an-overview-and-management-of-multiple-chronic-conditions-4xynrpt6sp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-change-of-ccs-points-in-the-da-jian-zhong-tang-1ii6ojeo.png Figure 8. Change of CCS points in the Da Jian Zhong tang treated group and the control. CSS significantly reduced (improved) in Da Jian Zhong tang group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bowel-gas-volume-at-baseline-and-the-endpoint-of-da-1v8e33wz.png Figure 9. Bowel gas volume at baseline and the endpoint of Da Jian Zhong tang treatment (a case). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-rate-of-pneumonia-in-bht-treatment-group-1zuvfldb.png Figure 7. Cumulative rate of pneumonia in BHT treatment group and the control group. There is a significant difference in pneumonia occurrence rate between the groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-of-the-swallowing-reflex-in-bht-and-the-txzuuwep.png Figure 5. Changes of the swallowing reflex in BHT and the control groups. The reflex significantly improved the time (shortened) only in the BHT group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-of-the-cough-reflex-in-bht-treated-and-the-2powbxv6.png Figure 6. Change of the cough reflex in BHT treated and the control groups. The threshold of the reflex significantly shortened (improved) in the BHT group. https://scispace.com/papers/an-optimal-motion-planning-method-of-7-dof-robotic-arm-for-2zbgvnmagv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-near-optimal-path-conducted-by-rrt-and-prs-rrt-in-a-3k1qff9h.png Figure 6. Near-optimal path conducted by RRT* and PRS-RRT* in a 2D space 1000*1000, the initial is position at (0, 0), the goal position at (800, 900) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-near-optimal-path-conducted-by-rrt-and-pgs-rrt-in-a-27khha1u.png Figure 3. Near-optimal path conducted by RRT* and PGS-RRT* in a 2D space, the searching space is a square 100*100, the initial position is at (5, 5), the goal position at (95, 95), the deep green rectangle is obstacle, small marker '×' represents sampling point, and the black line describes the rapidly-growing exploring tree, the green is the lower cost path after Rewire procedure, and the red path represents the final route. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-program-diagram-of-rrt-oxgcwch0.png Figure 1. Program diagram of RRT* https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-iterations-and-running-time-of-4-workspace-2j27ajkl.png TABLE I. The iterations and running time of 4 workspace https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-running-time-12-11s-total-time-18-17s-rrt-planning-1q9flwc0.png Figure 8. running time = 12.11s, total time =18.17s RRT* planning experiment on robot arm (KUKA LBR iiwa 7 R800) in V-rep, the task is to plan a route from upright state(initial position) to the cup(goal position) on the table for robot arm, the plant represents obstacle, the blue line describes the final route https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-near-optimal-path-conducted-by-rrt-and-pgs-rrt-in-a-1fiq0my9.png Figure 7. Near-optimal path conducted by RRT* and PGS-RRT* in a 3D space, the searching space is a square 100*100*100, the initial position is at (0, 0, 0), the goal position at (90, 90, 90), the sphere represents the obstacle, small marker 'x' represents sampling point, and the black line describes the rapidly-growing exploring tree, the green is the lower cost path after Rewire procedure, and the red path represents the final route. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-running-time-3-86s-total-time-11-51s-pgs-rrt-c3qimy99.png Figure 9. running time = 3.86s total time =11.51s PGS-RRT* planning experiment on robot arm (KUKA LBR iiwa 7 R800) in V-rep https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-near-optimal-path-conducted-by-rrt-and-pgs-rrt-in-a-nwkb573t.png Figure 4. Near-optimal path conducted by RRT* and PGS-RRT* in a 2D space 200*200, the initial position is at (5, 5), the goal position at (180, 180) https://scispace.com/papers/an-overview-of-nqr-signal-detection-algorithms-2ek575nas7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-a-psl-sequence-32oulu3h.png Fig. 1 Illustration of a PSL sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-roc-curves-comparing-state-of-the-art-cnqr-detectors-had4pdht.png Fig. 6 ROC curves comparing state-of-the-art cNQR detectors, using partially shielded measured TNT data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-roc-curves-for-the-respeq-seaquer-and-remiqs-3b85dzl9.png Fig. 10 ROC curves for the RESPEQ, SEAQUER, and REMIQS algorithms, for SNR = -20 dB, ISR = 40dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-real-part-of-a-typical-echo-train-3bwcots1.png Fig. 2 Illustration of the real part of a typical echo train. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-roc-curves-comparing-state-of-the-art-cnqr-detectors-136m8lvd.png Fig. 5 ROC curves comparing state-of-the-art cNQR detectors, using partially shielded measured TNT data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-probability-of-detection-as-a-function-of-isr-for-a-2x5mfux9.png Fig. 9 Probability of detection as a function of ISR, for a probability of false alarm of 0.05, using simulated data with SNR = -28 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-amplitude-landscape-for-an-echo-averaged-1lkjwdmk.png Fig. 8 The amplitude landscape for an echo-averaged experimentally realistic methamphetamine NQR signal corrupted by sinusoidal interferences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-periodogram-spectrum-of-an-nqr-23f2geec.png Fig. 3 Illustration of the periodogram spectrum of an NQR signal from a TNT sample. https://scispace.com/papers/an-overview-of-analysis-tools-for-integrated-resource-4ufkdputad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-resource-planning-approaches-2tujvud0.png Table 1. Comparison of Resource Planning Approaches. https://scispace.com/papers/an-overview-of-possible-aeroelastic-instabilities-for-wind-1vsfooviqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-at-the-different-cross-sections-used-for-the-3kcparwo.png Table 1: Values at the different cross sections used for the calculation of the aerodynamic damping values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-dimensional-values-for-the-damping-as-functions-1d3iu4al.png Figure 2: Non dimensional values for the damping as functions of the structural pitch angle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-pitch-angle-th-for-a-pitching-aerofoil-model-c7u40uxf.png Figure 4: The pitch angle θ for a pitching aerofoil model resulting in damped vibrations for a normal stiffness (left), but a sudden reduction in stiffness results in an unstable motion of the aerofoil (right). For both cases the effective lift coefficient range attained during the simulations against the angle of attack are shown in the bottom figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-real-parts-of-the-eigenvalues-for-the-equations-1rzycd30.png Figure 6: The real parts of the eigenvalues for the equations of motion for different values of the structural pitch angle θ, using γ = 13.2, cl0 = cdα = 1.3, clα = 6.5, 0 = cd0 = 0.015, and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-values-for-cl-and-cda-for-two-different-2aj2dnlt.png Figure 7: The values for cl and cdα for two different aerofoils, namely FFA-W3-221 at Re = 1.8 M and DU 91W2-250 at 2 M. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-values-1ivm6ayu.png Table 2: Input values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pitching-aerofoil-model-15o0ddb9.png Figure 3: A pitching aerofoil model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-stabtool-baseline-model-a-model-of-an-isolated-bmj69def.png Figure 5: The STABTOOL baseline model, a model of an isolated blade. The model has three degrees of freedom: ε, ζ and β. The angle θ is a constant angle. The shaft rotates with a constant rotational velocity Ω. https://scispace.com/papers/an-uncertain-future-for-the-endemic-galliformes-of-the-nb2sm29vud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-summary-of-themodelling-results-mean-gain-2t2ascoo.png Table 2 A summary of themodelling results. Mean gain represents the percentage of area difference between the future and present range, with standard deviation in brackets. t signifies the outcome of the Welch Two Sample paired t-tests between the current and future predicted mean percentage of the study region that is suitable (df = 29 for all) and the p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-species-distribution-modelling-results-showing-the-1vmzpjtz.png Fig. 2. Species distribution modelling results showing the predicted current ranges of the a) Caucasian grouse and b) Caucasian snowcock in light green and the ranges as defined by the IUCN outlined in bold. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-species-distributionmodelling-results-showing-the-5ugxwmmm.png Fig. 3. Species distributionmodelling results showing the predicted area lost in future (light green), area gained in future (orange) and stable area (dark green) of the Caucasian grouse and the range as defined by the IUCN outlined in bold for the a) Future (2050) under the INMCM4.0 scenario, b) Future (2070) under the INMCM4.0 scenario, c) Future (2050) under the MIROC-ESM scenario, d) Future (2070) under the MIROC-ESM scenario. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vulnerability-matrix-adapted-from-hof-et-al-2017-1n0uk7dc.png Fig. 8. Vulnerability matrix (adapted from Hof et al., 2017) showing the exposure- and trait-based indices for the Caucasian grouse and the Caucasian snowcock. Both species are in the “Most Vulnerable” category given that both indices score ≥0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-scores-received-in-the-vulnerability-matrix-the-17btndvg.png Table 3 The scores received in the vulnerability matrix. The final score was estimated by summing each individual exposure or trait and dividing by the maximum possible score. Only traits for which information could be found were included when estimating the final score. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-current-range-of-the-caucasian-grouse-as-defined-10jdyams.png Fig. 1. a) The current range of the Caucasian grouse as defined by the IUCN (BirdLife International, 2016) in dark grey and the geographical extent used to train themodel displayed by the lighter grey box, b) The current range of the Caucasian snowcock as defined by the IUCN (BirdLife International, 2017) in dark grey and the geographical extent used to train the model displayed by the lighter grey box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-species-distributionmodelling-results-showing-the-3dkiq27z.png Fig. 4. Species distributionmodelling results showing the predicted area lost in future (light green), area gained in future (orange) and stable area (dark green) of the Caucasian snowcock and the range as defined by the IUCN outlined in bold for the a) Future (2050) under the INMCM4.0 scenario, b) Future (2070) under the INMCM4.0 scenario, c) Future (2050) under the HadGEM2-ES scenario, d) Future (2070) under the HadGEM2-ES scenario. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-results-of-the-jackknife-test-of-variable-2xz8sg1g.png Fig. 5. The results of the jackknife test of variable importance for themodels. Values shown are averages over 30 replicate runs. a) Caucasian grouse, b) Caucasian snowcock. The longer the blue bar, the more important the predictor variable. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/an-unusual-case-of-medullary-thyroid-carcinoma-and-a-50jfph14qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-medullary-thyroid-cancer-and-normal-pre-surgery-ao6ymvv1.png Table 1. Medullary Thyroid Cancer and Normal pre-surgery Serum Calcitonin, Case Report. https://scispace.com/papers/an-upper-limit-on-the-linear-polarization-fraction-of-the-1rg5ogqsmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-reached-in-our-vla-polarization-3jaokvlf.png Table 1 Sensitivity Reached in our VLA Polarization Observations of GW170817 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-stokes-q-intensity-map-of-the-co-added-8cw1yo4x.png Figure 1. Top: Stokes Q intensity map of the co-added observations of the GW170817 field carried out in the S-band between March 25 and May 12 (see Table 1). Stokes I contours of GW170817 radio counterpart are also shown (white; 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% relative emission contours). GW170817 radio counterpart is located at α=13h09m48 071, δ=−23°22′53 37 (J2000; e.g., Hallinan et al. 2017; Kasliwal et al. 2017). The Stokes I intensity contours of the host galaxy of GW170817 are also overlaid (bottom-right portion of the panel). The FWHM synthesized beam ellipse is shown in magenta. Bottom: same as the top panel, but for the Stokes U intensity map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vla-upper-limit-on-the-linear-polarization-fraction-13vz63b2.png Figure 2. VLA upper limit on the linear polarization fraction +Q U I2 2 of the GHz radio flux of GW170817 (downward-pointing triangle) compared with different theoretical predictions for the power-law structured jet model (PLJ; black), and for a quasi-spherical ejecta (QS; blue). These predictions are by Gill & Granot (2018). For the models here plotted, b=0 represents the case of a magnetic field completely contained in the plane of the shock, while b>0 is for a magnetic field with a component in the direction of the shock normal also contributes. See the text for discussion. https://scispace.com/papers/anaerobic-ammonium-oxidising-bacteria-a-biological-source-of-4xmnt8sne8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-apci-mass-spectra-of-novel-bhps-with-proposed-m-h-15bbnhbw.png Figure 5. APCI mass spectra of novel BHPs with proposed [M+H]+ of (a) m/z 880 and (b) m/z 894 (peaks indicated in Fig. 4) in ‘Candidatus Scalindua profunda’ cultured at 15 °C. MS2 and MS3 were obtained from targeted scanning of m/z 655, 880 and 894 of the same sample. Note that full MS were corrected for background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-base-peak-and-mass-chromatograms-of-m-z-655-1md8k2jf.png Figure 4. Base peak and mass chromatograms of m/z 655 (indicative protonated base peak ion for BHT and BHT isomer), m/z 880, m/z 894, and m/z 1002 + 1044 (indicative protonated ions for BHT cyclitol ether) in (a) ‘Candidatus Scalindua https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bht-black-circles-bht-isomer-white-circles-and-1fihk6up.png Figure 3: BHT (black circles), BHT isomer (white circles), and ladderane fatty acid (grey triangles) concentrations (expressed in µg ∙ g-1 TOC) in Golfo Dulce sediment cores (a) oxic zone (15 m water depth), (b) oxic-nitrogenous transition zone (40 m water depth), (c) anoxic zone (182-185 m water depth), (d) anoxic zone (190 m water depth). Reproducibility for BHT and BHT isomer was ±20%. Reproducibility for ladderane fatty acids was ±8%. Note the scale for BHT concentration is different in (d). Missing BHP data points are due to samples being completely used for ladderane analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-bhps-and-ladderane-fatty-3mojb1nc.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of BHPs and ladderane fatty acids: (I) bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT), (II) bacteriohopanetetrol isomer (BHT isomer); the exact stereoisomer structure is unknown, however, 22R, 32R, 33R, 34R is a likely structure, (III) BHT cyclitol ether, (IV) C18-[5]-ladderane fatty acid, (V) C20-[5]-ladderane fatty acid, (VI) C18-[3]-ladderane fatty acid, and (VII) C20-[3]-ladderane fatty acid. Proposed stereochemistry of BHT isomer (II) from Peiseler and Rohmer (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bht-black-circles-bht-isomer-white-circles-and-16h9w61a.png Figure 2: BHT (black circles), BHT isomer (white circles), and ladderane fatty acid (grey triangles) concentrations (expressed in µg ∙ g-1 TOC) along a sediment surface transect across the three distinct chemical zones in Golfo Dulce. Analytical reproducibility for BHT and BHT isomer was ±20%. Analytical reproducibility for ladderane fatty acids was ±8%. Oxygen concentration (µM) was measured by Winkler titration at water depths of 2, 12, 19, 35, 50, 65, 80, 120 and 170 m, and is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vertical-distribution-of-the-proportion-of-short-1fzsdz9p.png Figure 7: Vertical distribution of the proportion of short-chain ladderane fatty acids (black bars) and NL5 derived temperatures (open lozenges) in Golfo Dulce surface sediment (a) and sediment cores (b-d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-of-ladderane-fatty-acid-concentrations-22tovlkv.png Figure 6: Scatter plot of ladderane fatty acid concentrations versus BHT isomer concentration in Golfo Dulce surface sediments (a) and deeper, core sediments (b). Data points for (a) are from transect samples (0 – 0.5 cm; Fig. 2) and core tops (0 – 2 cm; Fig. 3). Dashed line in (b) is line of best fit for sediments (closed circles) possibly affected by preferential degradation of ladderane fatty acids (Core 3B, >22 cmbsf; Core 4A, >22 cmbsf; Core 6A, >8 cmbsf). Dotted line is line of best fit for the overlying sediments (open circles). Solid line is line of best fit for entire deeper core data set. Note: the two samples (red circles) with ladderane concentration suspected to be the result of sedimentary production (Core 6A) were not used to generate the lines of best fit or the coefficients of determination (R2) in the core sediments (b). https://scispace.com/papers/analysing-an-evolved-robotic-behaviour-using-a-biological-sqgiy439k0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-the-behaviour-of-the-simulated-bzcx36j6.png Fig. 4. Comparison between the behaviour of the simulated experiments and the Monte Carlo experiments keeping a constant radius ri = 35 cm (S = 29) and varying the number of robots from N = 5 to N = 40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-the-simulated-experimental-arena-used-for-the-18ty3ksh.png Fig. 1. Left: the simulated experimental arena used for the experiments. Right: the e-puck robot, used for the simulated evolutionary experiments presented in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-bifurcation-diagram-of-our-model-for-different-snpac9w6.png Fig. 2. The bifurcation diagram of our model for different values of d = S N . The percentage of robots in area a and area c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-the-behaviour-of-the-simulated-119hyda3.png Fig. 3. Comparison between the behaviour of the simulated experiments and the Monte Carlo experiments keeping the number of robots fixed to N = 10, and varying the size of the black areas from ri = 15 cm to ri = 50 cm. https://scispace.com/papers/analysing-group-contract-design-using-a-lab-and-a-lab-in-the-g4kcdhqm9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-threshold-and-group-contribution-over-time-3gwmxxyy.png Figure 1. Average threshold and group contribution over time in all endogenous threshold treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-summary-statistics-for-each-treatment-by-phase-1oovnj8u.png Table 2A: Summary statistics for each treatment by phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-each-treatment-1slpfbtq.png Table 2A: Summary statistics for each treatment by phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-of-subjects-game-perceptions-3fqpicje.png Table 3. Summary statistics of subjects’ game perceptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-non-parametric-test-results-endogenous-exogenous-stfu44n8.png Table 8: Non-parametric test results, endogenous-exogenous distribution rule comparison (excluding groups with tied votes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-group-payoffs-lab-left-and-lab-in-the-field-n7dpfqvk.png Figure 2: Average group payoffs, lab (left) and lab-in-the-field (LITF; right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-21zd8owb.png Table 1. Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-rule-preferences-pre-game-vs-phase-3-379esb1c.png Figure 3. Distribution rule preferences, pre-game vs. phase 3 vote https://scispace.com/papers/analysing-cognitive-test-data-distributions-and-non-2dy3chzk76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-npml-parameters-standard-errors-and-19ckg5b8.png Table 3. Estimated NPML parameters (standard errors) and probabilities of best fitting models for each of the normal, Student’s t, binomial and beta-binomial models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-residuals-for-the-normal-model-with-k-10-and-e6hhr7bs.png Figure 3. Residuals for the normal model with K = 10, and randomised quantile (NQ) residuals for the binomial with K = 10 and the beta-binomial model with K = 8, respectively. Corresponding QQ-plots at the right-hand side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-marginal-means-for-the-beta-binomial-iy9xvztc.png Figure 2. Estimated marginal means for the beta-binomial model with K = 8 components and the corresponding mixtures proportions. The two top lines correspond to the bottom two proportions. Means smoothed with respect to the effects of education. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-npml-models-1-up-to-4-with-b4aigxmb.png Table 2. Summary statistics for NPML Models 1 up to 4 with increasing number of mixture components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-men-interviewed-mean-and-standard-1uzsdjzn.png Table 1. Number of men interviewed, mean (and standard deviation) of MMSE scores and age of men at each of the seven study interviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mmse-trajectories-plotted-as-a-function-of-age-in-3ofyad33.png Figure 1. MMSE trajectories plotted as a function of age in the sample of CC75C male study participants aged 75-80 years old at baseline https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-and-architecture-design-of-variable-block-size-1sux9twj1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detailed-data-flow-of-the-proposed-sad-tree-3t7gbi3c.png Fig. 6. Detailed data flow of the proposed SAD Tree architecture, where N = 4 and P = P = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hardware-architecture-of-inter-level-pe-with-data-flow-1n9hiekf.png Fig. 7. Hardware architecture of inter-level PE with Data Flow I for (a) FBSME, where N = 16, and (b) VBSME, where N = 16 and n = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-motion-vector-predictor-for-a-the-4-8-block-b-the-16-pw85ft43.png Fig. 11. Motion vector predictor for (a) the 4 8 block, (b) the 16 16 block, and (c) the modified motion vector predictor for all blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-number-of-registers-inm-parallel-propagate-partial-1lfr5jhn.png TABLE IV NUMBER OF REGISTERS INM -PARALLEL PROPAGATE PARTIAL SAD AND M-PARALLEL SAD TREE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hardware-architectures-of-a-1dinterysw-b-2dinteryh-and-6l528bl8.png Fig. 1. Hardware architectures of (a) 1DInterYSW, (b) 2DInterYH, and (c) 2DInterLC, where N = 4, P = 2, and P = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-continued-hexagonal-plots-of-eight-hardware-1f9ajoda.png Fig. 10. (Continued.) Hexagonal plots of eight hardware architectures for fixed block-size motion estimation and variable block-size motion estimation. (e) 2DIntraKP (f) 2DIntraHL. (g) Propagate Partial SAD. (h) SAD Tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-memory-reduction-of-h-264-ime-1t9oortm.png Fig. 14. Memory reduction of H.264 IME. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hardware-architectures-of-a-2dintravs-b-2dintrakp-and-c2ekj9em.png Fig. 2. Hardware architectures of (a) 2DIntraVS, (b) 2DIntraKP, and (c) 2DIntraHL, where N = 4, P = 2, and P = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-a-bridge-failure-due-to-fire-using-computational-13vepzw8t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effect-of-temperature-discretization-on-the-1qmjgls3.png Figure 14. Effect of temperature discretization on the evolution of (a) maximum vertical displacement; and (b) transverse (out-of-plane) displacements of the mid-web. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-finite-element-modelof-girder-1-built-with-abaqus-a-3gcjta7t.png Figure 9. Finite Element Modelof Girder 1 built with Abaqus: (a) 3D view of half girder, (b) Section AA’, (c) elevation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-girder-1-temperatures-at-the-time-of-failure-along-2eb3zrs4.png Figure 18. Girder 1 temperatures at the time of failure along the length at representative points of its cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-live-load-study-description-and-results-q3o954mr.png Table 3. Live load study description and results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i-65-overpass-a-general-view-b-elevation-c-cross-17asa6i7.png Figure 1. I-65 overpass: (a) general view, (b) elevation, (c) cross section https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-girder-1-example-of-a-16-step-discretization-of-3jthdgn2.png Figure 10. Girder 1. Example of a 16 step discretization of the adiabatic temperature curves for merging CFD with Abaqus. Assumed HRRPUAMAX,SPILL= 1000 kW/m 2. (a) Adiabatic temperatures along the girder span. Dashed lines represent the smooth continuous CFD results. Solid lines represent the discretization. (b) Model showing the 16 steps and the calculation of the average temperature at each step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fds-model-fire-load-location-a-and-geometric-3pj1w03j.png Figure 5. FDS model fire load location (a) and geometric definition (b) of the fire load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-effect-of-hrrpuamax-spill-on-the-evolution-of-a-1pfnnbos.png Figure 13. Effect of HRRPUAMAX,SPILL on the evolution of (a) horizontal displacement of the roller and (b) transverse (out-of-plane) displacements at mid-web. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-a-compact-modulator-incorporating-a-hybrid-47ty7qpf3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-view-of-the-resonant-cavity-modulator-silicon-3pqlz88k.png Fig. 1. Top view of the resonant cavity modulator. Silicon (black). Silicon dioxide of an SOI structure (gray). Air (white). EO polymer in the hybrid waveguide structure (gray cross-hatch area). Sections used for the cascade matrix simulation are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-cross-section-of-the-hybrid-waveguide-including-the-9wt7x66y.png Fig. 14. Cross section of the hybrid waveguide including the heavily doped connecting regions of height hc . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-transmission-spectrum-for-a-20l-cavity-illustrating-2vkzz4do.png Fig. 15. Transmission spectrum for a 20λ cavity illustrating the increased loss due to the doping in the silicon ridges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cross-section-of-the-field-profile-from-a-finite-3kmoi504.png Fig. 4. Cross section of the field profile from a finite element simulation for a 100 nm polymer core with 250 nm silicon ridges showing enhanced field intensity in the core. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-propagation-constant-versus-ridge-width-for-2iax5glc.png Fig. 5. Plot of propagation constant versus ridge width for various heights with a constant polymer gap spacing (100 nm) and applied voltage shows that there are optimum dimensions of the waveguide to achieve the greatest change in the propagation constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-field-profile-for-a-100-nm-polymer-core-with-250-nm-238l2iyw.png Fig. 3. Field profile for a 100 nm polymer core with 250 nm silicon ridges as calculated with an effective index approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-hybrid-waveguide-structure-in-the-hlpq0nqf.png Fig. 2. Cross section of hybrid waveguide structure in the cavity region illustrating the design parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-simulations-for-a-seven-period-pbg-23c7czuw.png Fig. 8. Comparison of simulations for a seven-period PBG illustrating the agreement between the full simulation and the cascaded structure in the region of device operation. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-a-group-finite-element-formulation-y9h22tqr6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-triangulation-used-in-the-proof-of-theorem-3-1-2w73bukv.png Figure 1: Triangulation used in the proof of Theorem 3.1. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-a-penalty-method-for-pricing-a-guaranteed-1c59ih4zk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-vtt-versus-t-for-node-w-100-a-100-s-0-3-fair-3eybpr2y.png Figure 6.1: Vtt versus t for node (W = 100, A = 100). σ = 0.3. Fair insurance fee (i.e. η = 0.031286) is imposed. Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-convergence-experiments-for-the-gmwb-guarantee-lwz4zmfa.png Table 6.3: Convergence experiments for the GMWB guarantee value at t = 0 and W = A = ω0 = 100 using a fully implicit and Crank Nicolson method . Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. The column ”Central Differencing First” uses central differencing as much as possible for the VW term in the equation. The column ”For/Backward Differencing Only” uses forward or backward differencing for the VW term in the equation. Itns/step refers to the average number of iterations per timestep for the lines 4 − 11 in Algorithm 1. Ratio is the ratio of successive changes in the solution as the mesh/timesteps are refined. Since the no-arbitrage fee is imposed, the numerical solution should converge to V alue = ω0 = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-6-the-effect-of-the-penalty-parameter-at-refinement-fosy8pue.png Table 6.6: The effect of the penalty parameter at refinement level 5. W = A = 100 and t = 0. No insurance fee (i.e. η = 0) is imposed. Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. Itns/step refers to the average number of iterations per timestep for the lines 4− 11 in Algorithm 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-5-convergence-experiments-for-the-gmwb-guarantee-3uanckni.png Table 6.5: Convergence experiments for the GMWB guarantee value at t = 0 and W = A = ω0 = 100 by using the fully implicit method. σ = 0.3. No insurance fee (η = 0) is imposed. Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. The column ”Central Differencing First” use central differencing as much as possible for the VW term. The column ”For/Backward Differencing Only” uses forward or backward differencing for the VW term. Itns/step refers to the average number of iterations per timestep for the lines 4− 11 in Algorithm 1. Ratio is the ratio of successive changes in the solution as the refinement is increased. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-convergence-study-for-the-fair-insurance-fee-e-1umramnl.png Table 6.4: Convergence study for the fair insurance fee η value. Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. Note that the results in Chen and Forsyth (2008) appear to be correct to about three (rounded) digits. The column ”Central Differencing First” uses central differencing as much as possible for the VW term in the equation. The column ”For/Backward Differencing Only” uses forward or backward differencing for the VW term in the equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-the-contour-plot-for-the-withdrawal-boundary-2vccrdrw.png Figure 6.3: The contour plot for the withdrawal boundary versus time t at A = 100, σ = 0.3. No insurance fee (i.e. η = 0) is imposed. Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. Maximal use of central differencing on VW term is applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-the-contour-plot-of-optimal-withdrawal-strategy-1ajahhl0.png Figure 6.2: The contour plot of optimal withdrawal strategy of the GMWB guarantee at t = ∆τ in the (W,A)-plane. σ = 0.3. fair fee η = .031286 is imposed. Contract parameters are given in Table 6.1. This plot is similar to the results in Chen and Forsyth (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-a-sample-gmwb-contract-parameters-used-in-the-2mnirx4h.png Table 6.1: A sample GMWB contract parameters used in the numerical experiments https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-automated-aircraft-conflict-resolution-and-50s4uffo83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aircraft-count-versus-time-recorded-in-indianapolis-19rfgwok.png Figure 6. Aircraft count versus time recorded in Indianapolis Center on December 21, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-time-savings-for-direct-to-traffic-and-3rr9ni58.png Table 2. Analysis of time savings for direct-to traffic and weather resolution maneuvers only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-july-10-2007-1700z-nexrad-radar-reflectivity-image-vfywqum8.png Figure 8. July 10, 2007 1700Z NEXRAD radar reflectivity image on a “moderate weather day” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-june-19-2007-2100z-radar-reflectivity-image-on-a-gyg7th8r.png Figure 7. June 19, 2007 2100Z radar reflectivity image on a “bad weather day” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-number-of-successful-left-turn-right-turn-and-3gis00b7.png Figure 12. Number of successful left turn, right turn, and direct to waypoint maneuvers that resolved conflicts for the medium traffic, bad weather scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-tma-timeline-after-rerouting-2snahheb.png Figure 16. TMA timeline after rerouting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-tma-timeline-before-rerouting-1pb4vjgc.png Figure 15. TMA timeline before rerouting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-aircraft-automatically-rerouted-to-avoid-the-80-nmef20xj.png Figure 14. Aircraft automatically rerouted to avoid the 80 percent CWAM contour. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-behavioral-and-emotional-problems-in-children-20jcj6ldbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-model-implied-distribution-of-the-phenotypic-1lj48bcp.png Figure 1. The model implied distribution of the phenotypic scores of Twin 1 and Twin 2 in the case of (a) a standard Additive Genetic–Common Environment–Unique Environment (ACE) model without Genotype 9 Environment interaction (Equation 1); (b) an A 9 C interaction with c1 > 0 (Equation 2); (c) an A 9 E interaction with b1 > 0 (Equation 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-the-factor-scores-of-the-aggressive-2h4gy5yp.png Figure 5. Distribution of the factor scores of the Aggressive Behavior subscale for the mother ratings in the dyzygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) subsamples. For each pair, one twin member is randomly chosen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-ses-for-the-conventional-1dw7a9vs.png Table 4 Parameter Estimates (SEs) for the Conventional Approaches Applied to the Mother Ratings of Validation Sample 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-distribution-by-the-full-model-solid-26xfk17c.png Figure 2. Predicted distribution by the full model (solid lines) and the observed distribution (dots) for the Twin 1 and Twin 2 height scores in the dyzygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) subsamples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-item-scores-of-the-aggressive-ss3stij6.png Figure 4. Distribution of the item scores of the Aggressive Behavior subscale for the mother ratings in the monozygotic (MZ) subsamples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-predicted-distribution-by-the-full-curvilinear-1svbv71o.png Figure 8. Predicted distribution by the full curvilinear model (solid lines) and the observed distribution (dots) for the mother ratings of the Aggressive Behavior scale in the dyzygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) subsamples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-concerning-a-9-e-interaction-the-variance-pgaskqhy.png Figure 6. Results concerning A 9 E interaction. The variance of E as a function of the additive genetic factor A. EL = emotional liability; SI = social isolation; AB = aggressive behavior; AP = attention problems; D = dependency; AX = anxiety problems; PC = physical coordination. The graph is based on the results of the first validation sample of the mother ratings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-concerning-a-9-c-interaction-the-variance-3fr8pyvt.png Figure 7. Results concerning A 9 C interaction. The variance of C as a function of the additive genetic factor A. EL = emotional liability; SI = social isolation; AB = aggressive behavior; AP = attention problems; D = dependency; AX = anxiety problems; PC = physical coordination. The graph is based on the results of the first validation sample of the mother ratings. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-circulating-exosomes-reveals-a-peripheral-560ikb7sfh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-details-of-the-sample-2bld8a2r.png Table 1: Demographic and clinical details of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-demographic-and-clinical-3hg2m3za.png Table 2: Relationship between demographic and clinical variables and plasma exosome protein concentrations https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-deformation-of-mistuned-bladed-disks-with-2o4zj24ldk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pce-and-gradpce-approximations-for-a-axial-and-b-jtwoxb9e.png FIGURE 9: PCE and gradPCE approximations for (a) axial and (b) radial displacement at blade tip of blade#1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-choice-of-basis-functions-3fad4mn7.png TABLE 1: Choice of basis functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fe-mesh-of-bladed-disk-model-and-b-schematic-lrm438xq.png FIGURE 2: (a) FE mesh of bladed disk model and, (b) schematic diagram of fir-tree root geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-of-stresses-at-blade-root-of-blade-1-to-26e2gia7.png FIGURE 8: Sensitivity of stresses at blade root of blade#1 to anisotropy angle (a) α (b) β and (c) ζ of all blades in a mistuned bladed disk https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-for-displacements-of-blade-1-for-a-2l91m6rc.png TABLE 5: Statistics for displacements of blade#1 for a mistuned non-linear bladed disk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-of-displacements-at-tip-node-of-blade-1-3g9e0ykd.png FIGURE 4: Sensitivity of displacements at tip node of blade#1 due to angle (a) α (b) β & (c) ζ in tuned linear bladed disk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-of-displacements-at-blade-tip-of-blade-1is9ijgk.png FIGURE 5: Sensitivity of displacements at blade tip of blade#1 to anisotropy angle (a) α (b) β and (c) ζ of all blades in a mistuned linear bladed disk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-anisotropy-angles-for-all-blades-in-the-s88q30c8.png FIGURE 3: Normalized anisotropy angles for all blades in the mistuned bladed disk https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-deposits-formed-during-biomass-co-firing-on-1v6h03fx98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gas-profiles-of-the-three-probes-during-the-50-hour-2pzvi1vq.png Figure 3: Gas profiles of the three probes during the 50 hour combustion run a) 450°C under a reducing atmosphere b)450°C Under an oxidising atmosphere c) 425°C under an oxidising atmosphere https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-magnetite-octahedral-crystals-visible-under-both-3i1gfb9a.png Figure 8: Magnetite Octahedral Crystals visible under both oxidising and reducing conditions, SEM-EDS analysis of the octahedral regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-whiskers-thought-to-be-hematite-present-under-1wjnvrsw.png Figure 9: Whiskers, thought to be hematite present under oxidation conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-active-oxidation-mechanisms-under-a-oxidising-and-b-3qdcbnyf.png Figure 1: Active oxidation mechanisms under a) oxidising and b) reducing conditions adapted from reference 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-pattern-of-loose-debris-removed-from-probes-key-2p2m1z77.png Figure 4: XRD Pattern of Loose Debris Removed from Probes (Key in table 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-eds-analysis-of-an-oxide-scale-from-reducing-vvsxrvih.png Figure 7: EDS analysis of an oxide scale from reducing conditions at 450°C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-eds-spectrum-of-spheres-in-figure-10e-3eot5rll.png Figure 11: EDS spectrum of spheres in Figure 10e. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-xrd-phases-identified-in-the-samples-14qlv5ri.png Table 4: XRD phases identified in the samples https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-distributed-multi-periodic-systems-to-achieve-2pk5s89cs2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computation-of-2x-3x-2zblu4ha.png Fig. 1. Computation of 2x + 3x https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tmax-evaluation-3lxcyx7o.png Fig. 3. tmax Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-spindle-lixfu3db.png Fig. 4. Example of Spindle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-behavior-of-a-filtering-queue-24lzi1dq.png Fig. 5. Behavior of a Filtering Queue https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-application-example-parameters-137mjpmn.png TABLE I APPLICATION EXAMPLE PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-application-a-fire-detection-satellite-1xvmutiu.png Fig. 2. Application: A Fire Detection Satellite https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-heavy-metal-contaminated-soils-3muqyyqn1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-zn-and-pb-concentrations-and-206pb-207pb-ratios-of-4u8f6st9.png Table 3. Zn and Pb concentrations and 206Pb/207Pb ratios of soils at Site A and B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-various-stages-of-an-investigation-into-heavy-2l23120n.png Fig. 1. The various stages of an investigation into heavy metal contaminated soils https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-among-the-strong-acid-digestion-23dt368e.png Table 1. A Comparison among the Strong Acid Digestion, Microwave Digestion and Fusion Agents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chemical-partitioning-of-pb-and-zn-in-urban-soils-at-1c16lala.png Fig. 2. Chemical partitioning of Pb and Zn in urban soils at Sites A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-among-icp-faa-and-gfaa-3l08vm1b.png Table 2. A Comparison among ICP, FAA and GFAA https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-hypernasal-speech-in-children-with-cleft-lip-and-odawd2pat5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-on-word-level-obtained-with-different-odtf76im.png Table 1. Results on word level obtained with different features. MFCCs and pronunciation features yield feasible results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-frame-wise-teager-energy-features-for-2mssnu6e.png Table 2. Results for frame wise Teager Energy features for different vowels and best cutoff frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-ligo-data-for-gravitational-waves-from-binary-4zhn9okgr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-sensitivities-of-the-ligo-and-geo-600-2se0145m.png FIG. 1. Typical sensitivities of the LIGO and GEO 600 interferometers during the S1 data run, shown as equivalent rms strain a spectral densityhrms( f )5Af Sn( f ), whereSn( f ) is the one-sided noise power spectral density. Typical noise spectra for the two interferometers, L1 and H1, used in our analysis are shown in the left panel; the smooth solid curve indicates the target sensitiv LIGO 4 km interferometer design. Spectra for the 2 km interferometer H2 and GEO 600 are shown in the right panel; the smooth dashed curves indicates the target sensitivities of the LIGO 2 km and GEO 600 interferometer designs. The thick lines with arrowhe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-detector-status-and-sensitivity-to-the-2h2rq29t.png FIG. 2. Summary of detector status and sensitivity to the population of neutron stars described in Sec. III as a function of sider For a given sidereal time, the upper panel shows the number of days during the run when at least one of the interferometers~H1 or L1! was collecting scientific data. For reference, the vertical dotted line indicates 05:00 UTC~corresponding to midnight at Livingston! on September 01, 2002. The lower panel shows the effective distance as measured in Livingston@and defined by Eq.~3.1!# to 10%, 50%, and 90% of the binary neutron star population described in Sec. III. The horizontal dashed lines show the average distance at which an insp 31.4M ( neutron stars, in the optimal direction and orientation with respect to each detector, would produce a signal-to-noise ratio 176 kpc for L1 and 46 kpc for H1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-inspiral-analysis-pipeline-used-to-determine-3n8o32ai.png FIG. 4. The inspiral analysis pipeline used to determine reported upper limit. ‘‘H1 Only,’’ ‘‘H1 & L1,’’ and ‘‘L1 Only’’ indicate which interferometer~s! was/were operating when a trigge was recorded. This method of recording candidate events e when coincidence is not available allows a tighter bound to placed on the rate of binary neutron star inspirals by providing m observation time and allowing for the much greater sensitivity of than H1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-panel-a-shows-the-number-of-events-in-the-data-w-snr-r-th848kmy.png FIG. 6. Panel~a! shows the number of events in the data w SNR.r* as a function ofr* . The largest event has SNR515.9. Panel~b! shows the detection efficiencye(r* ) for sources in the target population~Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds! as a function of r* . The dashed lines indicate boundaries of our estimated tematic errors on the efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-panels-the-largest-snr-candidate-event-seen-37a5rfxy.png FIG. 5. Left panels: The largest SNR candidate event seen during our search of the LIGO data. This candidate event occurred when only L1 was in stable operation. The top panel shows the signal-to-noise time series,r(t). Notice thatr(t).6.5 many times in a;5 second interval around the candidate event. The center panel showsx2/(p10.03r2) as a function of time; noticex2/(p10.03r2).5 for ;5 seconds around the candidate event, but drops below this threshold right at the time of maximumr. The inset shows this more clearl for 60.1 second around the event where the threshold is indicated by a dot-dashed horizontal line. The bottom panel shows the t for this candidate event after applying a high-pass filter with a knee frequency of 200 Hz. Notice the bursting behavior which does like an inspiral chirp signal. Right panels: A simulated injection into the L1 data. This example was chosen for comparison with the SNR event shown in the left panels since it similar in mass parameters, detected signal to noise andx2. The instrument was behaving we at the time around the simulated injection. The top panel shows thatr(t),6.5 except in close proximity to the signal detection time. T center panel showsx2/(p10.03r2) as a function of time. Notice that it is much closer to threshold at all times around the simu injection; this contrasts dramatically with the case of the candidate event shown in the left panels. The inset shows this more clearly60.1 seconds around the injection. The bottom panel shows the time series for this simulated injection after applying a high-pass filter w frequency of 200 Hz. The inspiral chirp signal is not visible in the noisy detector output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-five-candidates-with-the-largest-snr-which-3jwtwegg.png TABLE III. The five candidates with the largest SNR which remain at the end of the pipeline. This table indicates the time they re in the detectors, the SNR, the value ofx2 per degree of freedom, the effective distance to an astrophysical event with the same para and the binary component masses of the best matching template. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-event-candidates-withrcoherent-8-0-found-3f7ln0rv.png TABLE I. Number of event candidates withrcoherent.8.0 found via each of the pipeline paths shown in Fig. 4. The first two lin represent event candidates found while both interferometers w operating. No coincident events were detected in both interfer eters; however, there were many event candidates found in L1 effective distancesDeff.51kpc, which would not be detectable i H1 and thus are kept as event candidates. The last two lines re sent event candidates found while only one interferometer was erating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-times-when-an-interferometer-was-in-stable-opera-were-25e68wkp.png FIG. 3. Times when an interferometer was in stable opera were identified as science mode epochs indicated by the thick b lines at the top of the figure. These science mode epochs w analyzed in blocks of 256 seconds overlapped by 32 seconds~i icated in white!. If there was not enough data at the end of a scie mode epoch to take a 256 second block for analysis, the extra was dropped from the analysis. Each of these blocks were fur divided into 7 overlapping segments of 64 seconds which were searched for inspiral signals. The overlaps are needed to avoid tamination in the correlation used to compute the SNR. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-lysa-calculus-with-explicit-confidentiality-3u94k8lezo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-syntax-of-extended-lysa-1g0wq0f6.png Table 1. Syntax of extended LYSA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-terms-and-processes-6ilb1s39.png Table 2. Analysis of terms and processes https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-parliamentary-election-results-and-socio-1ubcj0x5au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportion-of-votes-cast-for-different-parties-and-pkfpwq4s.png Fig. 1. Proportion of votes cast for different parties and voting turnout in Parliamentary elections in 1954-2003 (%) (Statistics Finland 2004, p. 11 and p. 15) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parliamentary-election-years-organized-by-the-som-1ttbh5p8.png Fig. 2. Parliamentary election years organized by the SOM algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-being-in-the-government-causes-popularity-reductions-2zematd4.png Fig. 4. Being in the government causes popularity reductions for the four largest parties in the next elections https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-preemption-costs-for-the-stack-cache-33ymqhh3rr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-partitioning-of-the-stack-1-coherent-data-above-lp-2-gk77fucw.png Fig. 4: Partitioning of the stack: (1) coherent data above LP ( ), (2) data that actually needs to be saved ( ), and (3) dead data below DP ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-low-level-functions-to-save-restore-the-stack-cache-mwyxa16d.png Fig. 10: Low-level functions to save/restore the stack cache content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-histogram-comparing-the-transfer-sizes-in-bytes-for-54ih4dtn.png Fig. 16: Histogram comparing the transfer sizes (in bytes) for context saving at basic blocks using the ISA-full, ISA-RP, and FP preemption mechanisms to the optimized analysis. Lower is better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-context-switch-overhead-caused-by-preemption-bvv29ehg.png Fig. 11: Context switch overhead caused by preemption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-concepts-used-by-the-traditional-stack-2wo68jpe.png Table 1: Summary of concepts used by the traditional Stack Cache Analysis (SCA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-program-consisting-of-4-functions-reserving-freeing-2lccd01v.png Fig. 1: Program consisting of 4 functions, reserving, freeing, and ensuring space on the stack cache (cache size: 4). The annotations in angle brackets, e.g., 〈2〉, indicate the maximum filling/spilling behavior of stack cache control instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-increase-of-saving-cost-for-the-fp-preemption-1ora17br.png Table 3: Increase of saving cost for the FP preemption mechanism in comparison to the optimized analysis, illustrating the movement of basic blocks to the right side of the histogram in Figure 16. Smaller numbers are better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-weighted-cg-of-the-code-in-figure-1-used-to-bound-the-v11d4tfy.png Fig. 9: Weighted CG of the code in Figure 1 used to bound the global gain due to sres instructions of other functions. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-results-in-dependability-benchmarking-can-we-do-1pr8j33t9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-scores-obtained-by-the-third-evaluator-ev3-1ae8n6ie.png TABLE III: Scores obtained by the third evaluator (Ev3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aggregation-tree-defined-by-the-third-evaluator-ev3-3cngz8z3.png Fig. 2: Aggregation tree defined by the third evaluator (Ev3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-scores-obtained-by-the-first-ev1-and-second-1h2zfeme.png TABLE II: Scores obtained by the first (Ev1) and second evaluators (Ev2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aggregation-tree-defined-by-the-second-evaluator-ev2-3qpixjah.png Fig. 1: Aggregation tree defined by the second evaluator (Ev2) to determine the system score https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measures-obtained-from-the-study-done-in-16-3snmzwff.png TABLE I: Measures obtained from the study done in [16] https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-slanted-air-gap-structure-of-interior-permanent-5gh9xgqfyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-assembly-of-ornl-16000-rpm-motor-q0lwh1hd.png Fig. 8. Assembly of ORNL 16,000-rpm motor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-expected-reluctance-torque-at-imax-1oxkgczn.png Fig. 9. Comparison of the expected reluctance torque at Imax=200A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-rotor-with-slanted-air-gap-3i1l1h9m.png Fig. 1. Example rotor with slanted air-gap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-different-basic-rotor-shapes-for-fea-372npm7x.png Fig. 3. Three different basic rotor shapes for FEA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-expected-output-torque-of-slanted-air-gap-in-fig-1-71efub04.png Fig. 2. Expected output torque of slanted air-gap in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fea-simulation-results-of-the-reluctance-torque-of-u1yfmm1o.png Fig. 4. FEA simulation results of the reluctance torque of each model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fea-simulation-results-of-the-output-torque-of-each-1a7uxfgz.png Fig. 5. FEA simulation results of the output torque of each model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-of-the-air-gap-flux-density-2saxcaob.png Fig. 6. Simulation results of the air-gap flux density distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-stable-water-isotopes-in-tropospheric-moisture-3pj6fauh91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-quality-ltered-h2o-xd-pairs-according-to-table-4-umiv167l.png Figure 4.10. Quality ltered {H2O, XD} pairs (according to Table 4.2) for the original (with diagonal constraint) and the improved product (without diagonal constraint) at 4.2 km a.s.l. along the Metop-A orbit 55524 during boreal summer (orbit also shown in Fig. 4.8 and 4.9). The upper (lower) row shows the scatter for data of the northern (southern) hemisphere, color-coded with the corresponding latitude values. The grey scatter show the a priori values of the individual observations at the nominal altitude. The value of N indicates the respective number of plotted data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-h2o-xd-pair-distributions-for-the-non-3kam39or.png Figure 5.6. {H2O, XD} pair distributions for the non-precipitating trajectories of each transport cluster. The relative fractions 5tra of corresponding trajectories in each cluster are given in the respective plots. The solid, colored contours comprise 95 % of the data for the last 24 hours of the trajectory before reaching the target region (day 0), the dashed, dark gray contours the data of 2 days before arrival and the light gray contours the data of 5 days before arrival. The underlain gray process curves are the same as in Fig. 3.2. Note the much larger axis ranges shown in the bottom two panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-a-example-of-a-spectrum-measured-by-iasi-over-a-gdiecv8v.png Figure 4.5. (a) Example of a spectrum measured by IASI over a tropical ocean (black line) and the simulated spectrum of the MUSICA IASI retrieval (magenta dashed line). The residual between the measured and simulated spectra is shown red. (b) Line strengths of H2O and HDO lines within the spectral window of the MUSICA IASI retrieval, taken from the HITRAN2016 database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-14-h2o-xd-pair-distributions-and-monthly-averaged-iu7f2oc7.png Figure B.14. {H2O, XD} pair distributions and monthly averaged precipitation data from the ICON-ARTiso simulation IISO2 for the year 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-13-h2o-xd-pair-distributions-and-monthly-averaged-206asad7.png Figure B.13. {H2O, XD} pair distributions and monthly averaged precipitation data from the ICON-ARTiso simulation IISO1 for the year 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-datasets-used-within-this-study-each-dataset-is-h9kaficf.png Table 3.2. Datasets used within this study. Each dataset is described within Sect. 3.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-schematic-cross-section-of-a-tropical-squall-line-zk0qlwxe.png Figure 2.2. Schematic cross-section of a tropical squall line (adapted from Fig. 1 in Houze et al., 1989). The black dashed arrows indicate the dominant ow patterns within the convective system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-horizontal-distribution-of-mean-precipitation-3j9aoi6j.png Figure 2.3. Horizontal distribution of mean precipitation during the four DACCIWA phases (a–d), as described in Sect. 2.4. The underlying data are based on the precipitation product TRMM and given in mm per hour. Figure is taken from Knippertz et al. (Fig. 6, 2017). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-strain-and-intermixing-in-single-layer-ge-si-3dchy930zz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-a-ge-content-x-and-b-biaxial-strain-on-1qc4dguv.png FIG. 3. Dependence of a Ge content x and b biaxial strain on growth temperature for Ge/Si dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-raman-spectra-collected-in-vh-polarization-of-si-fuhs3zag.png FIG. 2. a Raman spectra collected in VH polarization of Si substrate thin line and samples grown at 460 °C 1, without Si cap layer, and 2, with 20-nm Si cap layer , and 3 at 550 °C with 20-nm Si cap layer. b Differential Raman spectra for single-layer Ge/Si dots grown at different temperatures with thick line and without thin line a Si cap layer. The dependence of the peak position of c Ge-Ge and d Si-Ge phonon modes vs growth temperature for as-grown and coated with Si cap layer Ge/Si dots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-growth-conditions-and-parameters-of-samples-with-a-4oulz0oz.png TABLE I. Growth conditions and parameters of samples with a single layer of Ge/Si dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-afm-image-of-ge-si-001-dots-grown-at-different-2vwlb421.png FIG. 1. AFM image of Ge/Si 001 dots grown at different temperatures: a 525 °C, b 600 °C, and c 800 °C; scale bars of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 m, respectively, are shown. d Schematic of electric vector orientation in incident and scattered channels during polarized Raman measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-construction-process-of-cable-stayed-bridges-14uml0ilqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydrocarbon-fire-curve-of-ec1-temperature-evolution-3eoy3q1a.png Figure 5. Hydrocarbon fire curve of EC1. Temperature evolution at three points of the cross section of the bridge. Structural materials: carbon steel and stainless steel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-cross-section-of-the-bridge-showing-points-a-b-1d0j6cyf.png Figure 6. (a) Cross section of the bridge showing points A, B and C where temperatures are plotted (b) profile of temperatures along the vertical axis of the girder due to the hydrocarbon fire of the bridge built with carbon steel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-results-of-the-analyses-22jjvuvn.png Table 2. Main results of the analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-simply-supported-steel-girder-bridge-umujrr2t.png Figure 1. Typical simply supported steel girder bridge (approaches to the Verazzano Narrows Bridge, USA): (a) general view, (b) detail of the bearings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-mid-span-deflections-for-the-bridge-39kpjcvf.png Figure 10. Evolution of mid-span deflections for the bridge built with carbon steel and stainless steel and loaded with the EC-1’s hydrocarbon fire: (a) the “fre” models, and (b) the “fix” models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temperature-evolution-at-three-points-of-the-cross-1p7uv99d.png Figure 7. . Temperature evolution at three points of the cross section of the bridge due to the hydrocarbon fire and Stoddard’s fire (a) Bridge built with carbon steel and (b) Bridge built with stainless steel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-horizontal-displacement-of-the-23x8rf9f.png Figure 9. Evolution of the horizontal displacement of the roller for the prototype bridge built with carbon steel and stainless steel and loaded with the EC-1’s hydrocarbon fire: (a) “fre” models, and (b) “fix” models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-half-section-of-the-prototype-bridge-near-the-3a482x06.png Figure 2. Half section of the prototype bridge near the bearing support. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-contention-access-period-of-ieee-802-15-4-4j9h8z08w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-throughput-per-node-power-consumption-and-bytes-per-49ibe21l.png Table 1: Throughput, per-node power consumption and bytes-per-Joule capacitywithout shutdown, as a function of traffic rateλ. The number of sensing nodes,M , is equal to 12 and the length of a packet,N , in terms of number of slots, is equal to 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-channel-state-model-with-cw-1-the-transition-8kvk7d6i.png Figure 8: Channel state model with CW=1. The transition probabilitiesα andβ are given by:α = (1 − pnt|i) M and β = Mpnt|i(1− p n t|i) M−1, whereM is the number of sensing nodes andpnt|i is the probability that any node transmits given that the channel was idle in the previous slot, which is simply the probability that the node sensed the channel in that slot,pncs (see eqn. 14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-embedded-markov-chain-model-for-an-ieee-802-15-4-30xcznds.png Figure 2: Embedded Markov chain model for an IEEE 802.15.4 sensing node. The notation BOi : 1 ≤ i ≤ 5 represents the five random backoff stages and the notation CSij : 1 ≤ i ≤ 5, 1 ≤ j ≤ 2, denotes thejth carrier sense attempt after theith random backoff stage, BOi. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-markov-chain-model-for-an-ieee-802-15-4-sensor-node-up7a9e62.png Figure 7: Markov chain model for an IEEE 802.15.4 sensor node with CW=1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bytes-per-joule-capacity-e-as-a-function-of-packet-1cwfpdxa.png Figure 11: bytes-per-Joule capacity,η, as a function of packet length. Number of sensing nodes,M is 12 andλ = 0.02 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustrating-the-percentage-change-in-throughput-a-en7gbsmd.png Figure 6: Illustrating the percentage change in throughput (a) and bytes-per-Joule capacity (b) when radios are allowed to shut down, compared to ‘no shutdown’. It is clear from the figure that the change in throughput is within±1% for all values ofλ. However, the improvement in bytes-per-Joule capacity is dramatic for smaller values ofλ. This improvement can be attributed to a significant reduction in the average power consumption when radios are allowed to shut down between transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-channel-state-model-the-transition-probabilitiesa-964kyfu7.png Figure 3: Channel state model. The transition probabilitiesα andβ are given by:α = (1 − pnt|ii) M andβ = Mpnt|ii(1 − p n t|ii) M−1, whereM is the number of sensing nodes andpnt|ii is the probability that any node transmits given that the channel was idle in two consecutive slots (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ieee-802-15-4-superframe-structure-in-beacon-3uxplk3h.png Figure 1: IEEE 802.15.4 superframe structure in beacon-enabled mode: reproduced from [1] https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-optimal-deployment-location-for-tidal-energy-o0ioz1lnkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-histograms-for-the-barotropic-curr-g18vwaww.png Fig. 7. Frequency histograms for the barotropic curr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-and-bathymetry-of-the-study-area-and-its-location-2u77alhl.png Fig. 1. Map and bathymetry of the study area, and its location in the NW Spanish coast. The w The red dashed line indicates the area with the highest potential for tidal energy extraction. ( to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tidal-in-stream-energy-converters-used-in-this-study-l-1azuqt76.png Fig. 2. Tidal in-stream energy converters used in this study: L https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-curve-for-the-rtt2000-blue-from-ref-39-and-719o4pc4.png Fig. 3. Power curve for the RTT2000 (blue; from Ref. [39]) and SeaGen-S (red; from Ref. [42]) devices. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-quality-of-experience-of-a-commercial-voice-3jlps970l1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-part-of-the-decision-tree-showing-the-subtree-for-3bd7adau.png Fig. 7 The part of the decision tree showing the subtree for the last three children of the root. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-evolution-of-the-quality-rating-over-the-2fby6a9h.png Fig. 9 The evolution of the quality rating over the subsequent voice calls made by the user. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-histogram-of-the-number-of-calls-made-during-the-120-5n0ktch6.png Fig. 1 Histogram of the number of calls made during the 120-day period per subscriber ID. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-t-tests-indicating-whether-or-not-the-influence-of-a-3ruj7ltg.png Table 2 T-tests indicating whether or not the influence of a technical parameter on the subjective evaluation of the quality of the call is significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-mean-ratings-for-the-different-phone-29r490mg.png Fig. 3 Comparison of the mean ratings for the different phone models. The light green bars stand for high-end phones; the orange bars correspond to midrange phones; and the dark red bars stand for low-end phones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-part-of-the-decision-tree-showing-the-subtree-for-5vz2ix1p.png Fig. 6 The part of the decision tree showing the subtree for the third child of the root. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-influence-of-technical-parameters-on-the-2oj1riey.png Table 1 The influence of technical parameters on the subjective evaluation of the quality of the voice call. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distribution-of-the-subjective-ratings-of-the-user-1zddoxq3.png Fig. 2 The distribution of the subjective ratings of the user evaluating the voice call. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-subthreshold-current-of-pocket-or-halo-4sne7ewlr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-hole-distributions-of-the-90-and-240-nm-1hcct0ni.png Fig. 8. Simulated hole distributions of the 90- and 240-nm devices in the horizontal direction of the channel region just underneath the gate for different applied drain–source biases 25 mV and 1.2 V (T = 300 K, VGS = 0.15 V). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-subthreshold-currents-id-for-all-available-2ynz7263.png Fig. 6. Simulated subthreshold currents ID for all available gate lengths LG versus the parameter PCH for three different applied VGSs of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 V (T = 300 K). The drawn line represents analytical data obtained from (7a) and (9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-drain-source-characteristics-for-vgs-0-15-v-for-three-1m9jciui.png Fig. 7. Drain–source characteristics for VGS = 0.15 V for three devices: 90, 240, and 10 µm. Closed and open symbols represent experimental and simulation data, respectively. For reference, the experimental value of the drain–current at VDS = 25 mV was taken. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-closed-symbols-and-simulation-data-open-3mjxejhb.png Fig. 4. Experimental (closed symbols) and simulation data (open symbols) of the subthreshold current ID versus the gate length LG for VGS = 50 mV (top) and VGS = 0.15 V (bottom) for both linear region (VDS = 25 mV) and saturation region modes (VDS = 1.2 V, T = 300 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-hole-distributions-in-the-channel-region-for-1ayx8tis.png Fig. 5. Simulated hole distributions in the channel region for three gate lengths: LG = 90, 130, and 240 nm (VGS = 0.15 V, VDS = 25 mV, T = 300 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-closed-symbols-and-simulation-data-open-214obnlq.png Fig. 3. Experimental (closed symbols) and simulation data (open symbols) of the transconductance gm per-unit gate width versus the gate length LG for VGS = VDS = 1.2 V(T = 300 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-lines-and-simulation-data-open-symbols-of-35gl9dne.png Fig. 2. Experimental (lines) and simulation data (open symbols) of the drain–current ID versus the gate–source voltage VGS for the saturation mode (VDS = 1.2 V, top) and the linear mode (VDS = 25 mV, bottom) of the 90-nm-gate-length device (T = 300 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-cross-section-of-an-nmosfet-with-a-p-pocket-267f7eit.png Fig. 1. Schematic cross section of an nMOSFET with a p+ pocket-implanted channel region (top) and schematic diagram in the channel region (bottom). Note the potential barriers caused by the pocket implants that also affect the surface potential ψs. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-thermal-effects-in-endoscopic-nanocarriers-based-3r0jlgnq73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gold-nanoparticles-optical-properties-dependence-2y6sjkzy.png Figure 1. Gold nanoparticles optical properties dependence with the wavelength of the optical radiation applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-distribution-k-for-a-squamous-cell-33w1zhpz.png Figure 3. Temperature distribution (K) for a squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus without a) and with b) nanoparticles and for an adenocarcinoma in the stomach without c) and with d) nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-properties-at-630-nm-used-for-each-layer-of-3icith7t.png Table 1. Optical properties at 630 nm used for each layer of the tissue samples employed and their depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-absorption-j-cm3-for-a-squamous-cell-3byyu2tp.png Figure 2. Optical absorption (J/cm3) for a squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus without a) and with b) nanoparticles and for an adenocarcinoma in the stomach without c) and with d) nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-trips-prototype-block-predictor-4ynv684exj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-misprediction-rates-for-global-and-path-2jvvu6fs.png Figure 6: Mean misprediction rates for global and path interference-free predictor components using history lengths from 0 to 30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-misprediction-rates-for-the-best-n-component-17ba6vn6.png Figure 7: Mean misprediction rates for the best N-component predictor for N ranging from 1 to 9. Both global and path-based multi-component predictors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trips-prototype-chip-die-photo-with-two-16-wide-2i2irvei.png Figure 1: TRIPS prototype chip die photo with two 16-wide cores and 1 MB of L2 NUCA cache. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dynamic-distribution-of-correlated-branches-among-rdy4kn4i.png Figure 11: Dynamic distribution of correlated branches among hyperblocks as exits and predicate-defines. Bars marked h16, h32 and h64 indicate correlation observed within global branch histories of length 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictor-configurations-of-various-exit-and-target-l3nifu0y.png Table 1: Predictor configurations of various exit and target predictors evaluated. lhist is local exit history and ghist is global exit history. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prototype-block-predictor-components-156f9pnr.png Figure 2: Prototype block predictor components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-global-multi-component-predictor-configurations-2343keh8.png Table 2: Best global multi-component predictor configurations for different numbers of components from one to nine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-5-component-tage-predictor-containing-a-bimodal-30gn7o8b.png Figure 8: A 5-component TAGE predictor containing a bimodal component and four global+path history indexed components with geometrically increasing history lengths (0, h1, h2, h3, h4). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-wormhole-intrusion-attacks-in-manets-5b0boj5p01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-out-of-band-wormhole-using-an-external-wired-link-1xb9ybd3.png Figure 1: (a) Out-of-band wormhole using an external wired link between attacker nodes 2 and 11, (b) Self-contained in-band wormhole between nodes 2 and 11 using an overlay tunnel passing through another colluder node 5, (c) Extended in-band wormhole by creating false link between nodes 1 and 13 by attacker nodes 2, 11, and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-figure-representing-the-wormhole-constructed-by-1pg2n055.png Figure 3: Figure representing the wormhole constructed by attacker nodes E1 and E2. Figure shows the paths of length x and y from E1 and E2 respectively to the intermediate attacker node M. Nodes N1 and N2 lie on the paths from E1 and E2 to M respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-scenario-showing-the-problem-of-wormhole-collapse-1wrys72k.png Figure 4: A scenario showing the problem of wormhole collapse due to the presence of link between a non-attacker node lying on the wormhole tunnel and a wormhole end node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-scenario-where-wormhole-tunneling-succeeds-as-4ab6hse0.png Figure 5: (a,b) Scenario where wormhole tunneling succeeds as node N finds a shorter path to node M that does not pass through the wormhole link, (c,d) Wormhole might collapse due to the presence of link between a non-attacker node lying on the wormhole tunnel and a wormhole end node. Further in (d), the success of wormhole tunneling depends on routing policy of choosing one of the two paths to reach node M, (e) Wormhole tunneling fails as node N finds a shorter path to node M passing through the wormhole link. https://scispace.com/papers/analytic-potential-functions-for-diatomic-molecules-some-3zpaqw4ujs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ssociation-energies-predicted-by-morse-po-ia1-s2hxt717.png Table I. ssociation energies predicted by Morse po ia1 relationships and compared to experimental values. The energies are in eV units. Data taken from Huber and Herzberg (~) . https://scispace.com/papers/analytic-study-of-multiserver-buffers-with-two-state-jeq06j68x5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-2h45wif7.png Fig. 1 System model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-packet-delay-versus-load-r-ikjzv0ce.png Fig. 4 Mean packet delay versus load ρ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variance-of-the-packet-delay-versus-load-r-3t9akzrx.png Fig. 5 Variance of the packet delay versus load ρ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overflow-probability-prob-v-n-versus-n-j8kh9p8w.png Fig. 3 Overflow probability, Prob[v > N ], versus N https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-three-sets-of-arrival-distributions-set-1-2-3-3n4jfodl.png Table 1 The three sets of arrival distributions Set 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-system-contents-versus-load-r-1yh5u3zg.png Fig. 2 Mean system contents versus load ρ https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-algorithms-to-quantify-the-uncertainty-in-2r2wue7k02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-inverse-form-vs-mcs-t-4000-cov-1-15b62qca.png Figure 7: Inverse FORM vs. MCS (T = 4000, CoV = 1%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-90-bounds-and-median-of-rul-cov-2-1x9so35x.png Figure 4: 90% Bounds and Median of RUL (CoV = 2%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-90-bounds-and-median-of-rul-cov-3-3li6j856.png Figure 5: 90% Bounds and Median of RUL: (CoV = 3%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inverse-form-vs-mcs-t-0-cov-3-2pykmpkx.png Figure 6: Inverse FORM vs. MCS (T = 0, CoV = 3%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimating-mpp-in-form-29mkoh2w.png Figure 1: Estimating MPP in FORM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-uncertainty-quantification-in-rul-3ro7a8l8.png Table 2: Results of Uncertainty Quantification in RUL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-90-bounds-and-median-of-rul-cov-1-2jgbacri.png Figure 3: 90% Bounds and Median of RUL (CoV = 1%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-battery-model-parameters-pvovo6zk.png Table 1: Battery Model Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-approach-to-sorting-in-periodic-and-random-1ieova4kp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-for-v-u-for-the-one-dimensional-potential-with-2rpqnmgn.png FIG. 4. Results for v /U for the one-dimensional potential with forcing U=3, plotted as a function of temperature T. Symbols show exact values; the approximation curves use v N for v, as defined in Eq. 24 , with coding N=1 solid , N dashed , N dotted , N dash-dotted . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deflection-angle-for-separable-two-dimensional-wtle2zsg.png FIG. 3. Deflection angle for separable two-dimensional potential 22 with T=0.1 and F=15,25,50 from greater to smaller deflection angles. Dashed curves, first-order approximation 11 ; solid curves, second-order approximation 16 ; dotted line, cutoff for approximation curves in the adjusted truncation; symbols, numerical simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dependence-of-the-deflection-angle-on-the-ho45adeg.png FIG. 2. The dependence of the deflection angle on the potential particle size parameter B at temperature T=0.1, for F=8 and =0.2. Numerical simulation results solid diamonds agree well with theoretical predictions using M =6 modes solid line in the Fourier series 18 . For comparison, the theoretical prediction using only M =1 modes is also shown dashed line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-dependence-of-the-deflection-angle-on-the-forcing-pvp887z4.png FIG. 1. The dependence of the deflection angle on the forcing angle at temperature T=0.1, and for parameters F=8 and B=0.9. Numerical simulation results solid diamonds agree well with theoretical predictions using M =6 modes solid line in the Fourier series 18 . For comparison, the theoretical prediction using only M =1 modes is also shown dashed line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-deflection-angles-in-the-two-dimensional-separable-377wd6lc.png FIG. 5. Deflection angles in the two-dimensional separable random potential with Gaussian energy spectrum in each direction =5, =4 , temperature T=0.2 and external forcing F=1 lower results and F=2 upper results . The dashed curves show the firstorder approximation, and the solid curves the second-order approximation. The adjusted truncation cuts off both approximations at the dotted line. The numerical simulation results are shown as symbols. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-and-numerical-solutions-of-the-local-inertial-32w81bfwv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-l2-norm-for-roe-and-maccormack-schemes-compared-to-8884zi1h.png Table 3: L2-norm for Roe and MacCormack Schemes compared to the Steady state analytical solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-depth-and-velocities-for-the-steady-state-test-1o1hzwtl.png Figure 4: Depth and velocities for the steady state test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dam-break-configuration-initial-condition-dark-grey-4xv8y9fd.png Figure 5: Dam-Break configuration Initial condition: dark grey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eigenvalues-for-sve-and-line-2ndjq9ta.png Figure 3: Eigenvalues for SVE and LInE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-depth-and-velocities-for-a-varying-downstream-1lllkx3m.png Figure 6: Depth and velocities for a varying downstream condition: h from 0 to 9 [m]. t =50 [s] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dam-break-structure-l30tvj2e.png Figure 1: Dam-Break Structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-l2-norm-and-pearson-correlation-2niyj7iu.png Table 4: L2-norm and Pearson Correlation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-depth-and-velocities-profiles-for-t-50-s-with-hd-0-1wv67vjx.png Figure 7: Depth and velocities profiles for t=50[s] with hd=0[m] https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-approximations-for-low-frequency-band-gaps-in-2u8ahahizn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-limits-of-the-band-gap-n-1-4-0-and-n-1-4-1hixrm01.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Limits of the band gap n ¼ 0 and n ¼ 1 obtained with Foldy’s approximations (16) (dashed line), MAE solution (55) (dotted line), and self-consistent method (87) (dash-dotted line). The first Bragg frequency is plotted with a solid line. (a) Variation of the shell mid-surface radius a. (b) Variation of the lattice constant L. (c) Variation of the thickness 2h with filling fraction F 0:4. (d) Variation of the Young’s modulus E with filling fraction F 0:4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-mae-approximation-of-the-upper-limit-55-3trwvpht.png FIG. 2. (Color online) MAE approximation of the upper limit (55) (dotted line) compared with Foldy’s approximation (16) (dashed line) and the semianalytical solution of Rayleigh identity (5) (solid line). (a) a ¼ 0:0275 and (b) a ¼ 0:0375. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-dispersion-relation-predicted-by-self-1zoshte2.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Dispersion relation predicted by self-consistent method (87) (dash-dotted line) compared with the semi-analytical solution of Rayleigh identity (5) (solid line), Foldy’s approximations (16) (dashed line), and MAE solution (55) (dotted line). (a) a ¼ 0:0275 and (b) a ¼ 0:0375. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-foldys-approximation-16-dashed-line-l6x6s9q4.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Foldy’s approximation 16 (dashed line) compared with the semi-analytical solution of Rayleigh identity (5) (solid line). (a) a ¼ 0:0275 m and (c) a ¼ 0:0375 m. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-modeling-of-masonry-infilled-rc-frames-ojfls6r3h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2a5hoct2.png Fig. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trm-coupons-tensile-tests-results-2v7eoedl.png Table 2. TRM coupons tensile tests results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1aa5i4jy.png Fig. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-3r8mdf90.png Fig. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-y1kuo3hr.png Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-3saam6z4.png Fig. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-1hl7uksv.png Fig. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-properties-of-tie-elements-used-in-the-analyses-5o3huk11.png Table 7. Properties of tie elements used in the analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-evaluation-of-harmonic-distortion-in-pwm-ac-2h3856m6wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-rms-harmonic-distortion-factor-for-different-320n9r83.png Fig. 4. Total RMS harmonic distortion factor for different strategies: (a) CSVS, (b) BBCS-I, (c) BSS-I, and (d) AZCS, (e) BBCS-II and (f) BSS-II. Curves with “o” are calculated analytically using stator flux ripple. Curves with “+” are computed using Fourier analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-voltage-vectors-produced-by-a-voltage-source-inverter-1g6982jn.png Fig. 1. Voltage vectors produced by a voltage source inverter. I, II, III, IV, V, and VI are sectors. = angle of R-phase fundamental voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-types-of-bus-clamping-a-60-clamp-and-b-30-clamp-2xxeyivt.png Fig. 2. Types of bus-clamping (a) 60 clamp and (b) 30 clamp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-performances-of-different-strategies-at-1r71ozd4.png Fig. 5. Comparison of performances of different strategies at P =15; (a) Analytically evaluated harmonic distortion factor, F and (b) measured THD of no-load current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-performances-of-different-strategies-at-hzm3umjj.png Fig. 6. Comparison of performances of different strategies at P =17: (a) analytically evaluated harmonic distortion factor, F and (b) measured THD of no-load current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stator-flux-ripple-vector-over-a-subcycle-and-its-7r7egh92.png Fig. 3. Stator flux ripple vector over a subcycle and its components along q-axis and d-axis corresponding to sequences (a) 0127, (b) 012, (c) 721, (d) 0121, (e) 7212, and (f) 010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-performances-of-azcs-and-bbcs-ii-qdjpfbu6.png Fig. 7. Comparison of performances of AZCS and BBCS-II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-conditions-for-waveform-symmetries-in-sector-i-e5iiv7kg.png TABLE V CONDITIONS FOR WAVEFORM SYMMETRIES IN SECTOR I https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-description-of-tidal-dynamics-in-convergent-2k1cuqowc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-lag-e-and-friction-parameter-c-as-a-function-26g9p5hm.png Figure 2. Phase lag e and friction parameter c as a function of convergence parameter g under special conditions: threshold line for critical convergence gc(c) from equation (43), discriminating between the two families of solution; conditions for an ideal estuary cI (g) and eI (g) from equations (61) and (62); and phase lag behavior in a frictionless estuary from equation (68). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-the-celerity-number-l-and-the-2ue90g4i.png Figure 6. Relationship between the celerity number l and the estuary shape number g for different values of the friction number c, indicated by different line types. The blue line with dots represents the ideal estuary (l = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-positioning-of-the-schelde-purple-circles-elbe-3d2p61mn.png Figure 10. Positioning of the Schelde (purple circles), Elbe (blue triangles), Tien (red diamonds), and Hau (green squares) estuaries in the damping number diagram, the numbers at inflection points indicating the distance from the estuary mouth (in kilometers). The background shows lines with different values of the friction number c. The drawn line with the dots represents the ‘‘ideal’’ estuary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-and-notation-1yfh5p9c.png Figure 1. Sketch and notation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-phase-lag-diagram-showing-the-relationship-between-1vqj505s.png Figure 3a. Phase lag diagram showing the relationship between e/p and the estuary shape number g for different values of the friction number c, indicated by different line types. The blue line with dots represents the ideal estuary (equation (63)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-the-damping-number-d-and-the-2unlck68.png Figure 5. Relationship between the damping number d and the estuary shape number g for different values of the friction number c, indicated by different line types. The blue line with dots represents the ideal estuary (d = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geometric-and-tidal-characteristics-of-the-estuaries-2tq5e8aw.png Table 2. Geometric and Tidal Characteristics of the Estuaries Studied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-positioning-of-the-schelde-purple-circles-elbe-blue-2ay7tzql.png Figure 9. Positioning of the Schelde (purple circles), Elbe (blue triangles), Tien (red diamonds), and Hau (green squares) estuaries in the phase lag diagram, the numbers at inflection points indicating the distance from the estuary mouth (in kilometers). The background shows lines with different values of the friction number c. The drawn line with the dots represents the ‘‘ideal’’ estuary. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-modeling-of-quality-factor-for-shell-type-2roc2eravh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-first-15-roots-of-the-equation-ai-t-0-2a8esno8.png Table 1. The first 15 roots of the equation Ai(t) = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-values-of-quality-factor-of-a-microsphere-by-10cjzpgk.png Table 2. The values of quality factor of a microsphere, by refractive index ns = 1.36 and radius, a = 10µm. The Value of Q for q = 1, 2, 3 decreases rapidly, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-tps-for-a-shell-type-microsphere-with-a-n2ets1ij.png Figure 3. Plot of t′ps for a shell type microsphere with, a = 12µm, b = 11.5µm, and ns = 1.36. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structure-of-the-proposed-shell-type-173skdx4.png Figure 2. The structure of the proposed shell type microsphere. In this figure, ‘a’ is the radius of the exterior sphere and ‘b’ denotes the radius of the interior metal sphere. Here n2 shows the refractive index of the metal and ns is the refractive index of the microsphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quality-factor-as-a-function-of-the-refractive-3n1dd79o.png Figure 6. Quality factor as a function of the refractive index ns for a microsphere with a = 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-possible-values-of-the-quantum-number-l-for-the-te-2gcqk2aj.png Figure 7. Possible values of the quantum number l for the TE mode of the shell type structure microsphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spherical-coordinate-system-for-whispering-gallery-39hpo592.png Figure 1. Spherical coordinate system for whispering-gallery modes propagation along the surface of the sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quality-factor-of-normal-microsphere-as-a-function-1l1l4ixq.png Figure 4. Quality factor of normal microsphere as a function of quantum number l with ns = 1.36 and a = 10 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-solution-to-a-simplified-circulatory-model-using-2u1fym35sf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-piecewise-linear-function-vs-experimental-elastance-18g8jn49.png Figure 2. Piecewise linear function vs. experimental elastance. Data adapted from [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equivalent-circuit-model-for-region-iii-3uzoc7wa.png Figure 4. Equivalent circuit model for Region III https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transient-response-to-changes-in-r3-cs-upper-panels-32pp00c5.png Figure 5. Transient response to changes in R3. CS: upper panels; AS: lower panels https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-error-of-steady-state-response-1pedhaii.png Table 3. Relative error of steady-state response. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-assignments-3jdwoyby.png Table 1. Parameter assignments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-the-regions-of-the-cardiac-cycle-9btba5zv.png Table 2. Definition of the regions of the cardiac cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-cpu-times-1nk4g6ey.png Table 4. Comparison of CPU times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transient-response-to-changes-in-t-cs-upper-panel-fmiwt9w8.png Figure 6. Transient response to changes in T . CS: upper panel; AS: lower panel https://scispace.com/papers/analytics-for-the-internet-of-things-a-survey-nifktmm41h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-distributed-storage-and-compute-6xiddyxi.png Table 4. Summary of Distributed Storage and Compute Technologies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-application-themes-domains-and-areas-hierachy-3ks0p31o.png Fig. 3. Application Themes, Domains and Areas Hierachy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-application-areas-from-surveys-categorised-by-impact-364clzk8.png Fig. 2. Application Areas From Surveys Categorised By Impact to Society, Environment and Economy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tradeoffs-in-designing-for-analytics-on-the-iot-2kka8i90.png Fig. 10. Tradeoffs in Designing for Analytics on the IoT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aggregated-gartner-hype-cycle-of-technologies-from-3tvezwl8.png Fig. 1. Aggregated Gartner Hype Cycle of Technologies from 2010 [61, 145, 152–154, 169–171] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-classification-of-types-of-analytics-38eft609.png Fig. 5. Classification of Types of Analytics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chronological-summary-of-previous-surveys-in-the-iot-3jcmxee1.png Table 1. Chronological Summary of Previous Surveys in the IoT, Big Data and Analytics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-analytics-applications-by-domains-u5mabdsa.png Table 2. Summary of Analytics Applications by Domains https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-synthesis-of-fully-canonical-cascaded-doublet-46idoxo9nt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-computed-scattering-parameters-b-universal-2n6a7470.png Fig. 8. (a) Computed scattering parameters. (b) Universal coefficients of the doublet (NRNs are characterized by Sign(Mi,i), RNs by the ratio Mi,i/Ci). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-coupling-matrix-elements-from-the-universal-1d338hml.png Fig. 10. Coupling matrix elements from the universal coefficients. (a) Topology with all NRNs magnitude set to 1. (b) Topology with inverters connecting the doublets set to 1. (c) Dimensions (mm) of the filter (Fig. 9a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-synthesized-doublet-coupling-matrices-a-extracted-pole-2phrdn1w.png Fig. 7. Synthesized doublet (coupling matrices). (a) Extracted-pole block. (b) After Star-to-Mesh transformations. (c) After M23 annihilation (doublet). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-computed-response-of-the-cascaded-doublet-filter-b-20yvk2w7.png Fig. 9. (a) Computed response of the cascaded-doublet filter. (b) Synthesized routing schemes (universal coefficients, the sign of the NRNs is also reported). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-routing-scheme-of-an-extracted-pole-low-pass-prototype-13hy45j0.png Fig. 4. Routing scheme of an extracted-pole low-pass prototype after splitting the inverters that connect the second order blocks according to the two corresponding cases in Fig 3, to synthesize a filter with adjacent doublets that (a) share an NRN, (b) are coupled by means of a unit inverter. White circles with (+) represent zero NRNs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transformation-from-a-extracted-pole-to-c-doublet-b-5vq42jai.png Fig. 5. Transformation from (a) extracted-pole to (c) doublet. (b) After starto-mesh conversion. Relations are in (2)-(4), limited to 2-order blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cascaded-doublet-topology-a-adjacent-doublets-share-an-1gf9olku.png Fig. 6. Cascaded-doublet topology. (a) Adjacent doublets share an NRN. (b) Each doublet is coupled with the adjacent ones by means of a unit inverter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-routing-scheme-of-the-doublet-low-pass-domain-black-21aok6fx.png Fig. 1. Routing scheme of the doublet (low-pass domain). Black circles represent unit capacitance in parallel to frequency-independent susceptances (resonating nodes RN). White crossed circles: frequency-independent susceptances (non-resonating nodes NRN). Black lines: admittance inverters. https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-and-improving-mpi-communication-performance-in-3lopjsri8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparison-of-xenoprofile-data-3twrw329.png Figure 2: A comparison of XenOprofile data https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-execution-times-of-selected-benchmarks-with-ty1ry1rc.png Table IV: The execution times of selected benchmarks with different overcommitting levels in the SEDF scheduler (in Seconds) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rtt-of-ping-pong-benchmark-in-intra-vm-credit-pin-k18t9pmj.png Figure 3: RTT of ping-pong benchmark in intra vm credit pin case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-pseudo-code-for-revised-busy-polling-15j7ktha.png Figure 4: The pseudo-code for revised busy-polling https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-execution-times-of-selected-benchmark-programs-1tmrb9p9.png Table II: The execution times of selected benchmark programs after improvement in the worst-case overcommitted scenarios (in Seconds) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-execution-times-of-selected-benchmarks-with-2p9plvce.png Table III: The execution times of selected benchmarks with different overcommitting levels in the Credit scheduler (in Seconds) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mpi-communication-performance-in-the-worst-case-340d17ol.png Figure 1: MPI communication performance in the worst-case overcommitted scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-improved-performance-of-mpi-communications-in-grgrl2vt.png Figure 5: The improved performance of MPI communications in the worst-case overcommitted scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-context-free-grammars-using-an-incremental-sat-46qqq34hzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ambiguity-detection-of-subwords-with-length-k-2nccvamc.png Fig. 2. Ambiguity detection of subwords with length k https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-how-to-use-the-r-constraints-2jownu5e.png Fig. 1. How to use the R-constraints. https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-fitness-landscapes-for-the-optimal-golomb-ruler-4t74ulq6j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-neighbors-for-different-values-of-the-local-162nz0w4.png Fig. 2. Number of neighbors for different values of the local radius ² in a 12-mark Golomb ruler problem. From top to bottom and left to right, ² = 1, 2, 3, and 4. Notice the log-scale in the Y-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fitness-distance-correlation-in-a-12-mark-golomb-ruler-2t1wm9si.png Fig. 3. Fitness distance correlation in a 12-mark Golomb ruler problem. The upper four figures correspond to the direct formulation (from top to bottom and left to right, ² = 1, 2, 3, and 4), and those at the bottom to the indirect formulation (² = 1, and 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-golomb-ruler-with-4-marks-1pd0xx13.png Fig. 1. A Golomb ruler with 4 marks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-averaged-for-30-runs-of-variable-2gkb0lzo.png Table 1. Results (averaged for 30 runs) of variable neighborhood search on the two representations. As a reference, starting solutions have a mean value of 127.57± 7.64. https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-enterprise-social-media-networks-1qc0p7xy1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bimodal-wiki-page-and-editor-graph-this-bimodal-1zpx82q9.png Figure 1. Bimodal Wiki Page and Editor Graph. This bimodal graph shows employees (circles) and wiki pages (squares). Edge thickness indicates number of edits to a page. Node size is based on degree (i.e., large squares have been edited by many people; large circles have edited many pages). Nodes with less than 2 degrees have been removed. Thus, employee e_2132 has a high degree, but only edits pages that nobody else has edited. In contrast, employee 2105 edits pages that are edited by many people. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-unimodal-wiki-page-editor-graph-this-unimodal-graph-2caqk7gz.png Figure 2. Unimodal Wiki Page Editor Graph. This unimodal graph shows only people. It is based on a transformed version of the data represented in Figure 1. People who have coedited at least 5 of the same wiki pages are connected with an edge. Thicker edges represent more co-edited pages. Node radius is based on degree. Nodes are darker if they have a higher betweenness centrality. Note that e_2105 shows up prominently in this graph, but e_2132 doesn't show up at all, since he only edits pages others have not edited. Thus, each graph highlights different individuals who may play important and distinct roles, as well as their relationship to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-social-roles-and-social-metrics-37f8afvf.png Table II. Social Roles and Social Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-discussion-person-metrics-38fddpc3.png Table III. Discussion Person Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-social-network-types-for-person-to-person-unimodal-25mazuru.png Table I. Social Network Types (for person to person unimodal networks) https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-polemics-evolution-from-twitter-streams-using-3nfom5f9tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-for-a-given-period-p-and-for-the-volkswagen-filtered-1ogz62ja.png Fig. 2. For a given period P and for the volkswagen-filtered stream, number of unique users authoring at least one tweet inside P (in blue), and number of common users authoring at least one tweet both in period P and in the next one (in red). Exact values of both counts are shown in the top of each bar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-of-the-design-of-author-based-social-networks-3is5bt7d.png Fig. 3. Process of the design of author-based social networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-author-based-social-network-the-20th-of-september-3dp0wkvi.png Fig. 4. Author-based social network the 20th of September https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-author-based-social-network-the-21st-of-september-34opc7v6.png Fig. 5. Author-based social network the 21st of September https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-relevant-tweet-fields-1fmb94c7.png Table 1. List of relevant tweet fields https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-communities-detected-by-the-walktrap-2hmsgb6z.png Fig. 6. Number of communities detected by the Walktrap algorithm during the Volkswagen polemic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-count-of-the-number-of-collected-tweets-for-the-sample-i25mo0yx.png Fig. 1. Count of the number of collected tweets for the sample (in blue) and for the filtered (in red) streams, for different keywords: mecca, mecque (in French), refugiados (in Spanish), refugee (in English), and volkswagen. The count for the filtered stream has been divided by 100 to reflect the fact that only 1% of the sample stream is available https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-the-advance-reservation-of-lightpaths-in-lambda-36r8ygftot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generating-advance-reservation-start-times-with-1so0jsza.png Figure 4. Generating advance reservation start times with Uniform distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-generating-advance-reservation-start-times-with-1r5gcvb5.png Figure 5. Generating advance reservation start times with Poisson distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-in-the-reservation-model-2mrofs2z.png Table 1. Variables in the Reservation Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calculating-the-number-of-requests-targeting-a-141jmlqz.png Figure 1. Calculating the number of requests targeting a reservation time slot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-reservation-probability-vs-rejection-2mpyqpo4.png Figure 3. Plot of reservation probability vs rejection probability for a uniform distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-plot-for-number-of-slots-in-the-reservation-141px10t.png Figure 2. Surface plot for number of slots in the reservation window for varying values of reservation probability and request arrivals. https://scispace.com/papers/analyzing-the-labor-market-outcomes-of-occupational-1m9r9z19xs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-heterogeneous-effects-of-licensing-and-certification-3t5cy3y4.png TABLE 8 HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON WAGESa https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-of-required-licensing-and-certification-on-1o6wlmyz.png TABLE 7 EFFECTS OF REQUIRED LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON WAGESa https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-licensing-and-certification-on-wagesa-1t21scow.png TABLE 4 EFFECT OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON WAGESa https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-effect-of-licensing-and-certification-on-the-2stm1a2x.png TABLE 11 EFFECT OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF EMPLOYER-PROVIDED RETIREMENT AND PENSION PLAN OFFERSa https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-effect-of-licensing-and-certification-on-the-21pqsdbu.png TABLE 10 EFFECT OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF AN EMPLOYER MAKING A CONTRIBUTION TOWARD HEALTH INSURANCE PREMIUMSa https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-effect-of-licensing-and-certification-on-the-1eijzogz.png TABLE 12 EFFECT OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF EMPLOYER-PROVIDED HEALTH BENEFIT OFFERSa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-licensing-and-certification-governmental-2m66gf1n.png TABLE 5 EFFECT OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION GOVERNMENTAL JURISDICTION ON WAGESa https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effect-of-licensing-and-certification-on-the-8xbkpeaq.png TABLE 9 EFFECT OF LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF EMPLOYMENTa https://scispace.com/papers/anatomy-of-the-atlas-diboson-anomaly-3751ofb1q8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-probability-that-a-w-or-z-is-tagged-with-a-w-or-z-1fcfq1n0.png TABLE II. Probability that a W or Z is tagged with a W or Z tag. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-picture-of-the-ww-red-wz-green-and-zz-blue-nrwm94sf.png FIG. 1. A simple picture of the WW (red), WZ (green), and ZZ (blue) signal regions used in [1], in the mj–mj plane of the two fat jets in an event. We also show our labelling of disjoint signal regions A,B,C,D,E, F . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-three-possible-arrangements-of-the-observed-p8o6z8xo.png TABLE I. The three possible arrangements of the observed events into the six disjoint signal regions A–F of Fig. 1, as well as our estimate of the expected event numbers in each region, summed over the three bins mjj/TeV ∈ [1.85 − 1.95, 1.95 − 2.05, 2.05− 2.15]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-probability-of-different-diboson-candidates-from-a-ofvo7ob0.png TABLE III. Probability of different diboson candidates from a 2 TeV resonance being tagged in each signal region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-best-fit-points-for-the-cases-where-one-sj-is-set-to-r30m49tx.png TABLE V. Best-fit points for the cases where one sj is set to zero (shown in bold). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-joint-constraints-on-the-values-of-s-x-br-for-2nyfzlq4.png FIG. 3. Joint constraints on the values of σ × Br for different decay channels of a diboson resonance from the ATLAS fat jets analysis of the Run I LHC before efficiencies. The darkest region corresponds to 70% CL, whereas the next darkest region corresponds to 95% CL. In each panel, the best-fit point is denoted by a white dot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-joint-constraints-on-the-values-of-s-x-br-for-2qj83vj0.png FIG. 4. Joint constraints on the values of σ × Br for different decay channels of a diboson resonance from the ATLAS fat jets analysis of the Run I LHC, where one of sWW , sWZ or sZZ is set to zero (i.e. before efficiency corrections). We show the 70% and 95% preferred regions. In each case, the best-fit point is denoted by a white dot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-invariant-mass-distribution-near-the-2-tev-resonance-1mbxxdu3.png FIG. 5. Invariant mass distribution near the 2 TeV resonance in each channel for sWW = 1, sWZ = 223, sZZ = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/and-the-best-task-is-using-task-potency-to-infer-task-57jjqzqf3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-selectivity-of-edges-showing-any-12be8tt4.png Figure 9. Distribution of selectivity of edges showing any sensitivity at the individual level. Distributions are shown for the selectivity of the corresponding edges at the group level for sensitivity to a task, sensitivity to one task only, and sensitivity to all tasks. The dashed line illustrates that 80% of the edges that were selected as sensitive to a task at the group level, were selected in about 18% of the individual task potency matrices. Through comparing the three distributions it is clear that overall edges modulated by all tasks were more consistently selected at the individual level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-edges-selected-for-more-than-20-of-participants-at-cd0rfh06.png Figure 10. Edges selected for more than 20% of participants at the individual level. The circle displays significant connections that are being formed. The brain areas that these edges correspond to are represented in the axial slices. R_attention: right attention network; L_attention: left attention network; DMN: default mode network; sub cort: subcortical regions; cereb: cerebellum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-of-sensitive-edges-for-each-task-that-2gaikcvm.png Figure 6. Percentage of sensitive edges for each task that end up to be specific to this task, e.g., percentage of edges selected in the group potency of a task that are not present in another task group potency selection. The percentage corresponding to the within- vs between-network connectivity is listed per network. Top row: overall results; bottom row: inflation of the edges modulated by one task only further differentiated per task. As an example: ~38% of the sensitive edges within the visual1 network were modulated by one task only. Of those 38% sensitive edges, about 55% was modulated only during WM performance, ~25% only during REWARD, and ~13% during STOP only. In contrast, ~10% of the sensitive edges within the visual1 network were modulated during performance of all tasks. Supplementary figure 4 illustrates the reference edges in the percentage calculations. R_attention: right attention network; L_attention: left attention network; DMN: default mode network; sub cort: subcortical regions; cereb: cerebellum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-brain-regions-with-the-highest-number-of-edges-199jdogq.png Figure 7. Brain regions with the highest number of edges commonly modulated by all three tasks. Here, we displayed the 10% brain regions with the largest sum of edges sensitive to all three tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-icp-atlas-with-179-areas-represented-in-their-20v941fr.png Figure 1. ICP atlas with 179 areas represented in their corresponding top-level networks. R_attention: right attention network; L_attention: left attention network; DMN: default mode network; sub cort: subcortical regions; cereb: cerebellum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-sensitivity-and-specificity-as-1xmm6y73.png Figure 3. Overview of sensitivity and specificity as applicable to each edge within a task potency matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-radar-plots-of-the-percentage-of-edges-showing-31juawft.png Figure 5. Radar plots of the percentage of edges showing connectivity changes (i.e., sensitivity) in each of the 11 networks. We observed a larger percentage of sensitivity for within-network connections (top), compared to between-network connections (bottom). As an example, 82% percentage of edges within the motor network exhibited sensitivity, compared to only 7% of its between-network connections. To allow direct comparison between both radar plots, we also show the between-network percentages on top of the within-network percentages in the top left plot. Bar plots on the right illustrate edge sensitivity for each task. For further detail on the percentage calculation we refer to supplementary figure 4. R_attention: right attention network; L_attention: left attention network; DMN: default mode network; sub cort: subcortical regions; cereb: cerebellum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-most-potent-task-illustrated-for-edges-a-upper-8bdsy3i3.png Figure 8. The most potent task illustrated for edges (A, upper triangle), networks (A (lower triangle), and brain regions (B). The brain slices on the right illustrate for each brain region which task on average potentiated edges involving this region the most. The same is shown for individual edges and at the network-level in the matrix on the left. Next to being most strongly potentiated by one specific task, we observed potency that was common to all tasks (i.e., no differentiation between tasks), or significant for some but not all tasks (two tasks). R_attention: right attention network; L_attention: left attention network; DMN: default mode network; sub cort: subcortical regions; cereb: cerebellum. https://scispace.com/papers/andriake-de-ele-gecen-roma-donemi-mortarlari-4uvq1gzuax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bu-arastirma-ile-mortarlarin-sut-urunleri-peynir-1pcja4m3.png Fig. 6). Bu araştırma ile mortarların süt ürünleri (peynir, tereyağı?) işlemede kullanıldıkları düşüncesi doğrulanmaktadır. 16 Emmer buğdayı (yabani buğday türü) için bkz (Demir, 2015, s. 1 vd.). 17 Tarif için ayrıca bkz (Cramp vd., 2011, s. 1341). https://scispace.com/papers/angle-and-polarization-diversity-in-compact-dual-antenna-fjzo7nzrnr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-normalized-far-field-radiation-patterns-for-the-1nml17e6.png Figure 3. The normalized far field radiation patterns for the monopole and the CLL at 0.925 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-geometries-of-the-folded-monopole-and-the-2o2zysm7.png Figure 2. (a) The geometries of the folded monopole and the magnetic-field-responsive loop. The dimensions are: L = 100 mm, W = 40 mm, L1 = 15 mm, h = 6 mm, Lc = 7.5 mm, Wf = 2 mm, W1 = 3 mm, W2 = 1 mm, d = 12 mm. (b) The simulated S parameters for the proposed antenna system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-a-fabricated-prototype-and-b-measured-s-1oytikcy.png Figure 4. The (a) fabricated prototype and (b) measured S parameters of the proposed antenna system. https://scispace.com/papers/aneurysm-identification-in-cerebral-models-with-multiview-2zqngq1lgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-training-process-for-the-aneurysm-detection-with-16v6p8ny.png Fig. 1. Training process for the aneurysm detection with multiview CNN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-convergence-steps-of-the-training-process-16mu38nu.png Table 3. Convergence steps of the training process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-classification-accuracy-of-images-and-mesh-3nldo8lo.png Table 2. Average classification accuracy of images and mesh models without data augmentation(%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-accuracy-of-the-image-and-mesh-model-yfdm1wym.png Table 1. Classification accuracy of the image and mesh model(%). https://scispace.com/papers/angular-momentum-dependence-of-unimolecular-decay-in-a-n2an3gcfjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fractional-energy-disposal-from-unimolecular-decay-28vljcdg.png Figure 3. Fractional energy disposal from unimolecular decay versus total angular momentum. Initial conditions are marked as in figure 1. Note that the fs are averages of broad distributions : The typical relative rms halfwidth, e.g., of the rotational distribu- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-complex-formation-probability-versus-total-angular-32b4trqz.png Figure 2. Complex formation probability versus total angular momentum. See figure 1 for codes marking initial conditions. Statistical errors of Pc are (Pc • ( 1 — P j/1000) 1!2, i.e. 1-3 per cent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-drawing-of-the-effective-potentials-and-atkrkw57.png Figure 4. Schematic drawing of the effective potentials and energies involved in statistical theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lifetime-versus-total-angular-momentum-of-complexes-kxx9j6a0.png Figure 1. Lifetime versus total angular momentum of complexes formed with different initial conditions at a common total energy of 0 . 5 eV. 0, masses 1-22, Etrans = 0 . 1 eV, Evtb = 0 .4 eV; 0, masses 1-22, Etrans = 0 . 5 eV, Evil, = 0; x , masses 2-12, Etrans = https://scispace.com/papers/angular-momentum-partitioning-in-the-dissociation-of-5ein5u591s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-grotrian-diagram-of-the-first-three-energy-levels-36hzwmbi.png FIGURE 3. Grotrian diagram of the first three energy levels of the H atom. The circular polarization we observe is due to transitions from the 3p and 3d states; photons from the 3s state are unpolarized. In the calculations of T’, initial populations of the n=3 states are taken from ref. 14. Only ~1/7th of the 3p states decay to the 2s state; the rest decay via Lyα emission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-p3-of-ha-656-nm-atomic-fluorescence-normalized-to-13epvi1i.png FIGURE 2. P3 of Hα (656 nm) atomic fluorescence, normalized to the incident photon or electron polarization Pi , vs. incident electron or photon energy. Photon results are also divided by two to take into account the different angular momentum deposited by electrons vs. photons. Solid and open squares: electron data of ref. 13 with different incident electron polarizations; open circles: electron data of ref. 12; solid circles: photon data of this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-circular-polarization-fraction-p3-normalized-to-29mkwllq.png FIGURE 1. Circular polarization fraction P3 normalized to incident electron polarization vs. incident electron energy. Open squares: data of ref. 11; solid circle: measurement with N2 target and 388 nm filter (see text); solid squares: data of ref. 12 taken with a 600 ± 5nm filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hunds-cases-a-and-b-the-nuclear-rotational-angular-1h32r99x.png FIGURE 4. Hund’s cases a) and b). The nuclear rotational angular momentum is O; total molecular angular momentum = J. In the case of H2, L + O = N. https://scispace.com/papers/anharmonic-spectroscopic-study-of-the-ground-electronic-2fttabzxqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3pzbu66x.png TABLE 3—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-structural-and-perturbation-theory-spectroscopic-u7uqcldc.png TABLE 4 Structural and Perturbation Theory Spectroscopic Parameters of the Ground Electronic State of the Isotopomers of r-C4 Computed from the MRCI /CASSCF/cc-pVTZ PES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-independent-internal-coordinates-of-l-c4-1org1esa.png Fig. 1.—Independent internal coordinates of l-C4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-independent-internal-coordinates-of-r-c4-1aezsh8n.png Fig. 2.—Independent internal coordinates of r-C4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anharmonic-force-fields-of-the-ground-electronic-1a48y974.png TABLE 1 Anharmonic Force Fields of the Ground Electronic States of l-C4 and r-C4 Computed from the MRCI /CASSCF/cc-pVTZ PESs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anharmonic-constants-xij-and-gij-of-l-c4-computed-2x8pp7eq.png TABLE 2 Anharmonic Constants xij and gij of l-C4 Computed from the MRCI /CASSCF/cc-pVTZ Force Field https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-structural-and-perturbation-theory-spectroscopic-oyegiu2t.png TABLE 3—Continued https://scispace.com/papers/animal-species-identification-of-meat-using-maldi-tof-mass-3fxomvqub7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b675-29ks386i.png Fig. 2b675 https://scispace.com/papers/anharmonicity-effects-in-the-frictionlike-mode-of-graphite-33r228jbjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-morse-potential-fittings-for-the-calculated-data-at-2eti36ft.png FIG. 5. Morse potential fittings for the calculated data at different values of the lattice parameter c. Notice that the smaller the value of c, the more harmonic each curve becomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-total-o-harmonic-oh-and-anharmonic-nipf08u4.png FIG. 6. Variation of total ω, harmonic ωH , and anharmonic contributions ω′, with the available vibrational energy E at zero pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-left-energetic-profile-versus-the-relative-31o8spw1.png FIG. 1. On the left, energetic profile versus the relative displacement of the middle layer of the ABA equilibrium configuration for a given interlayer distance along a selected direction (the x direction). On the right, arrangements of the trilayer slab associated with graphite stackings at critical points. C atoms in the central layer B are in green. C atoms in A layers are in red. Arrows indicate the atomic movements involved in the E2g(1) vibrational mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-normalized-frequencies-with-pressure-3egurowf.png FIG. 8. Variation of the normalized frequencies with pressure according to our calculations at different energies and experimental values. Pressure and c are also related through a Murnaghan-type equation (see Ref. [18]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-harmonic-frequencies-with-interlayer-1j0gb5va.png FIG. 7. Variation of harmonic frequencies with interlayer spacing according to our calculations and the four-springs model trend (left), and variation of the anharmonic contribution with pressure for the energies 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 meV (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-bonding-charge-nwro55xo.png FIG. 2. Schematic representation of the bonding charge densities and interaction patterns for different graphite stackings (see text) along the z axis. Left panel: frontal (sliding) view, along the x axis, as indicated by the arrow. Right panel: side view, along the y axis, as indicated by the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variation-of-the-linear-gruneisen-parameter-with-1s0f4xdw.png FIG. 9. Variation of the linear Grüneisen parameter with pressure according to our calculations for different available energies. Average calculated and experimental values are also displayed (dashed region accounts for the experimental confidence interval, see Ref. [18]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scheme-of-the-four-spring-model-symbols-are-defined-in-ahpjj4wu.png FIG. 4. Scheme of the four-spring model. Symbols are defined in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/anisotropic-elastic-constants-calculation-of-stainless-steel-2sph22cv66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-results-of-s11-s13-s33-and-s44-1-gpa-b17ho869.png Table 1 Regression results of S11, S13, S33 and S44 (1/GPa) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-of-regression-results-2k05t1xo.png Table 2 Correlation coefficients of regression results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-regression-of-local-and-bulk-young-modulus-for-ht540-1ff0oaeb.png Fig. 3 Regression of local and bulk Young modulus for HT540 sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-regression-of-local-and-bulk-young-modulus-for-aw-34g9q6xn.png Fig. 2 Regression of local and bulk Young modulus for AW sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-regression-of-local-and-bulk-young-modulus-for-ht620-3de31lqd.png Fig. 4 Regression of local and bulk Young modulus for HT620 sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculation-results-of-s12-1-gpa-21vx2xwf.png Table 3 Calculation results of S12 (1/GPa) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-microstructure-of-the-clad-a-and-local-and-1fd4j0rf.png Fig. 1 Optical microstructure of the clad (a) and local and bulk Young modulus from LD (0°) to TD (90°) for (b) AW, (c) HT540 and (d) HT620 sample respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculation-results-of-elastic-constants-in-37x2kskz.png Table 4 Calculation results of elastic constants in stiffness matrix (GPa) https://scispace.com/papers/anisotropic-propagation-imaging-of-elastic-waves-in-oriented-2og1hy7hps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-group-velocities-of-pseudo-rayleigh-waves-at-k-2p-3-3pr0qlzo.png Table 2. Group velocities of pseudo-Rayleigh waves (at k/2π = 3 × 105 m−1) along x and y axes in tungsten thin films sputter-deposited by the conventional process (α = 0°) and GLAD technique (α = 80°). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scheme-of-a-the-first-and-b-second-unit-cell-cwd1l7e6.png Figure 5. Scheme of (a) the first and (b) second unit cell composed of (1 0 0) Si substrate (grey) and tungsten (black). The main dimensions are indicated in the figure, the height of the silicon block is not to scale. (c) Basic scheme of the tungsten (grey) and holes (green) distribution with several periods. The second unit cell is plotted in transparent blue, and the simulated holes in transparent red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-calculated-band-diagram-of-the-first-unit-cell-38bewe3z.png Figure 6. (a) Calculated band diagram of the first unit cell. Only the four first modes are shown on the band diagram. (b) The distributions of displacement of the three first modes are shown for a wave number k/2π = 3 × 105 m−1. The colors indicate the total displacement. The black arrow indicates the direction of propagation and the red arrow the polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-silicon-and-tungsten-used-for-3jwk3pau.png Table 1. Properties of silicon and tungsten used for calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-calculated-band-diagram-of-the-second-unit-cell-3gm9nsqk.png Figure 7. (a) Calculated band diagram of the second unit cell for the x and y directions. Only the pseudo-Rayleigh modes are shown on the band diagram. (b) The distributions of displacement of the pseudo-Rayleigh modes propagating in the two directions are shown for a wave number k/2π = 3 × 105 m−1. The colors indicate the total displacement. The black arrow indicates the direction of propagation and the red arrow the polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-views-with-cross-section-and-surface-sem-25ofybpn.png Figure 1. Schematic views with cross-section and surface SEM observations of as-deposited tungsten thin films 300 nm thick sputter-deposited by (a) conventional dc magnetron sputtering and (b) GLAD process. An incident angle α = 80° of the particle flux was used for GLAD films. Arrows indicate the incoming flux of tungsten atoms, which leads to an inclined columnar architecture (column angle β = 43°). Inset in figure (b) depicts the elliptical section (dotted line) of the inclined columns with a significant porous structure following the x direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-the-relative-reflectivity-dr-r-after-3oxdvx2m.png Figure 3. Variation of the relative reflectivity ΔR/R (after removing the thermal part) versus time and pump-probe distance for conventional tungsten films sputter-deposited with α = 0° and following the x direction. Skimming longitudinal and pseudoRayleigh waves are indicated. The pseudo-Rayleigh wave exhibits a significant dispersive behavior. To increase the temporal length, the wave from the previous pulse (red rectangle) was shifted one period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-acoustic-wave-propagation-after-200-ps-1-4-1iozktwc.png Figure 2. Surface acoustic wave propagation after 200 ps, 1, 4 and 6 ns measured with the femtosecond heterodyne pump-probe setup in normal (α = 0°) and inclined (α = 80°) columnar tungsten thin films on (1 0 0) Si substrate. The wave amplitude exhibits circular and concentric rings for conventional films (α = 0°), whereas elliptical shapes are clearly observed for inclined films due to an anisotropic propagation. https://scispace.com/papers/anisotropic-winds-in-wolf-rayet-binary-identify-potential-3cfidcvbqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-1-083-umhe-i-line-from-the-continuum-corrected-111bku6u.png Figure 3. The 1.083 µmHe I line from the continuum-corrected IRIS2 long-slit Js-band spectrum of Apep. The known diffuse interstellar band is identified by the label ‘DIB’. The fit to the P Cygni profile is shown by the reddashed curve, providing a measurement of a terminal velocity v∞ = 3400 ± 200 km s −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-also-rules-out-refractive-interstellar-2a04md2j.png Figure 5 also rules out refractive interstellar scintillation as the cause94. The significant long term radio variability seems incongruent with the low X-ray variability. It is possible that the significant radio variability could be due to variation of the free-free absorption medium over the orbit95, consistent with the model proposed in the main text of a greater than decade period orbit that takes the colliding-wind companion of the Central Engine through the dense equatorial plane populated by the slow, cool wind of the rapid rotator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-geometric-model-of-the-dust-plume-of-apep-note-1ck9o6r3.png Figure 4. A geometric model of the dust plume of Apep. Note that the model only traces the surface of the collidingwind dust plume. The mathematical origin of the Archimedian spiral (and the presumed location of the stars of the Central Engine) is indicated by the blue cross centered within the box. With this image registration, the location of the northern companion is also presented identically to Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visir-8-9um-image-of-apep-taken-on-2016-august-13-27024ile.png Figure 1. VISIR 8.9µm image of Apep taken on 2016 August 13, displaying the exotic dust pattern being sculpted by the system. The 2.24µm NACO image of the region bounded by the blue box, of dimension 1.8′′ × 1.8′′, is shown in the upper right corner. The position of the Central Engine and the northern companion identified in the NACO image are indicated by the blue cross and circle, respectively. The over-plotted red contours are from our 19.7GHz ATCA observation, with contour levels correponding to 5, 10 and 50 times the rms noise (8×10−2 mJy beam−1). The dimensions of the ATCA synthesised beam are 0.74′′ × 0.29′′, with a position angle of 50.1◦. The log stretch on the VISIR image is chosen to accentuate the dust pattern, ranging from 0.3 to 3mJy pixel−1, with ≈ 20% of the total ≈ 60 Jy flux coming from the area bounded by the blue box. A scale bar of 2500 AU, for a distance of 2.4 kpc, is provided at the bottom left corner of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sinfoni-j-band-top-and-h-k-band-bottom-spectra-for-28t0dvum.png Figure 2. SINFONI J-band (top) and H+K-band (bottom) spectra for the Central Engine at the centre of NACO image shown in the inset of Figure 1. Prominent emission lines are labelled and the wavelength range where telluric correction was not possible between theH- andK-bands is indicated in gray. Known and suggested diffuse interstellar absorption bands are labelled by ‘DIB’, with the DIB line indicated at 2.02µm likely to be the first DIB detected in K-band. https://scispace.com/papers/anisotropy-factors-and-electromechanical-coupling-in-lead-4lh60weh14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ecf-near-local-maximum-a-and-b-and-in-regions-c-where-1wihy1wr.png Fig. 6. ECF near local maximum (a and b) and in regions (c) where https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-1-0-3-sc-1-sc-2-polymer-composite-1te6n3yj.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the 1–0–3 SC-1 / SC-2 / polymer composite. (X1X2X3) is a rectangular coordinate system, m and 1 – m are volume fractions of SC-1 and surrounding SC-2/polymer matrix, respectively. In the inset, mi is the volume fraction of SC-2 in the polymer medium, and a1 and a3 are semi-axes of the SC-2 inclusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-volume-fraction-m-dependence-of-anisotropy-factors-and-1amh0w3t.png Fig. 7. Volume-fraction (m) dependence of anisotropy factors and ECF https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-volume-fraction-m-ranges-wherein-conditions-5-6-1sbefwwf.png TABLE III VOLUME-FRACTION (m) RANGES WHEREIN CONDITIONS (5), (6), AND (7) HOLD IN 1–0–3 COMPOSITES AT mi = 0.1 AND 0.01 £ ri £ 100 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anisotropy-factors-of-1-0-3-composites-at-ri-100-a-and-yhmgig24.png Fig. 2. Anisotropy factors of 1–0–3 composites at ri = 100 (a and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-anisotropy-factor-of-the-1-0-3-knn-t-sc-lbo-sc-2zsqwra8.png Fig. 4. Anisotropy factor of the 1–0–3 KNN-T SC / LBO SC / https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-elastic-compliances-of-the-0-3-lbo-sc-polymer-matrix-3vpr36n5.png Fig. 5. Elastic compliances of the 0–3 LBO SC / polymer matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ecfs-and-and-anisotropy-factors-of-1-0-3-composites-at-2qkdbqr1.png Fig. 3. ECFs and and anisotropy factors of 1–0–3 composites at https://scispace.com/papers/annealing-twins-in-nanocrystalline-fcc-metals-a-molecular-yfhxnauuu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-arrhenius-plot-of-the-energy-evolution-constant-s-as-a-36rr7bw1.png FIG. 4. Arrhenius plot of the energy evolution constant s as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-number-of-twins-observed-in-an-average-cross-section-3kgh55q8.png FIG. 5. a Number of twins observed in an average cross section of the sample as a function of time for the annealing at 800 K. b Number of twins per grain observed as a function of grain size for the annealing at 800 K. c Number of twins per grain observed after 250 ps as a function of the annealing temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-grain-size-versus-time-obtained-for-the-79hzoejv.png FIG. 3. Average grain size versus time obtained for the annealing at 800 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-effect-for-an-annealing-time-1bjqw2lm.png FIG. 2. Color online Temperature effect for an annealing time of 250 ps. A representative sample slice is shown for treatments at 800, 1000, and 1100 K. Color scale is given by the centrosymmetry parameter, with normal fcc atoms in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-sequence-of-events-illustrating-the-dplc6v0b.png FIG. 6. Color online Sequence of events illustrating the mechanism of formation of the annealing twins. Color scale given by stress. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-time-sequence-for-an-annealing-2exn6e5v.png FIG. 1. Color online Time sequence for an annealing temperature of 800 K. A representative sample slice is shown for annealing times of 25, 500, 1025 and 1500 ps. Color scale is given by the centrosymmetry parameter, with normal fcc atoms in blue. https://scispace.com/papers/ankyrin-repeat-a-unique-motif-mediating-protein-protein-559zt0vma1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structural-bases-of-p16-cdk6-or-cdk4-interactions-a-7s958n7n.png FIGURE 4: Structural bases of p16-CDK6 (or CDK4) interactions. (a) X-ray structure of human p16 (yellow) in complex with CDK6 (blue) showing the interacting regions (PDB entry 1BI7) (50). The ankyrin repeats are labeled as RI- IV and the loops as L1-L3; the Cand N-lobes of CDK6 are labeled. (b) Quantitative contributions of functionally important residues of p16 as suggested by the in vitro CDK4-cyclin D2 inhibition assays (13, 18). Various amounts of p16 or p16 mutants were mixed with a fixed amount of the CDK4-cyclin D2 complex, followed by incubation with [32P]ATP and Rb. IC50 was defined as the concentration of p16 or p16 mutants required to achieve 50% of the maximum inhibition. Residues are presented in different colors on the basis of changes in the values of IC50 when mutated. Residues with a>20-fold increase in IC50 when mutated are colored red (L78 and D84), 10-2 -fold orange (W15, D92, and R124), 5-10-fold green (H66 and E69), and 3-5-fold purple (E26, N71, P76, A77, T80, H83, F90, W110, and L121). (c) Structural positioning of the functionally important residues of p16 in contact with CDK6 using the crystal structure of the p16-CDK complex (PDB entry 1BI7). (d) E69 and N71 are part of the H-bonding network that stabilizes the global structure of p16 (18, 57). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-consensus-design-of-ar-proteins-a-site-directed-gqlq3o9p.png FIGURE 6: Consensus design of AR proteins. (a) Site-directed mutagenesis of p16 based on consensus sequence analyses. X represents a point mutation in p16. (b) Consensus design of AR proteins with multiple identical ankyrin repeats. (c) Design of an AR protein library based on consensus analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unique-structural-features-of-an-ar-module-a-h4zuzx7m.png FIGURE 1: Unique structural features of an AR module. (a) Consensus sequences of the ankyrin repeat proteins as presented by Mosavi et al. (14) and Kohl et al. (15). The schematic representation of the secondary structures corresponding to this sequence is presented above the sequences. The conservation level of each sequence is color-coded. The Kohl et al. consensus sequence includes an X that denotes any amino acid except C, G, and P and a Z that can be a H, N, or Y. This figure was adapted from ref4. (b) Stereoview showing the ribbon diagram (top) and surface charge distribution (bottom) of the fourth ankyrin repeat of gankyrin (PDB entry 1TR4). The topology of the module resembles the letter L with the helices being the vertical arm and the N- and C-terminal stretches being the base. (c) Stereoview showing the role of174TPLH177 sequence in stabilizing the secondary structural modules of the AR protein gankyrin (PDB entry 1TR4) (16). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-functions-of-ar-proteins-a-interactions-of-cdk4-and-bj4aqfdp.png FIGURE 5: Functions of AR proteins. (a) Interactions of CDK4 and CDK6 with AR proteins (black rectangles) and non-AR proteins. (b and c) Interactions of AR proteins p16 and gankyrin with multiple partners. (d) Roles of AR proteins in cell signaling. Arrows represent positive regulation, and cross bars represent negative regulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-representative-ar-proteins-a-p16-pdb-3rjaxy8d.png FIGURE 2: Structures of representative AR proteins: (a) p16 (PDB entry 1DC2), (b) p18 (PDB entry 1BU9), (c) human gankyrin (PDB entry 1TR4), (d) human ankyrin-R (PDB entry 1N11), (e) transcription factor GABP-â ( DB entry 1AWC), (f) transcriptional regulator Swi6 (PDB entry 1SW6), and (g) IκBR, inhibitor of NF-κB (PDB entry 1NFI). Of note, an internal loop was absent in the crystal structure of Swi6 because of its conformational flexibility. Arrows in panels f and g indicate the intervening helix in the third AR of Swi6 and IκBR, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intra-and-inter-repeat-interactions-of-p18-pdb-2vdma9by.png FIGURE 3: Intra- and inter-repeat interactions of p18 (PDB entry 1BU9). (a) Side chains of residues constituting the hydrophobic core of p18 protein are colored magenta. (b) The hydrogen bonding network of p18 in itsâ-sheets is colored magenta. https://scispace.com/papers/annual-report-property-improvement-in-czt-via-modeling-and-nakrxlzie3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cellular-network-model-of-te-particles-in-czt-from-1l5uemli.png Figure 5. Cellular network model of Te-particles in CZT from Fig. 4. Stick bonds up to 175 µm long connect the Teparticles. The cell size is about 150 µm, which corresponds to the dislocation network size in CZT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmitted-ir-image-of-czt-boule-slice-grown-at-1daihymh.png Figure 4. Transmitted IR image of CZT boule slice grown at PNNL. Speckles in the image are Te-particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atomic-models-using-pnnl-developed-potential-for-2lz66xtk.png Figure 2. Atomic models using PNNL-developed potential for CdTe showing (a) <111>, (b) <110>, and (c) <100> growth directions. The <110> direction is fastest growing and self-selected but is rough as is the <100> growth interface. In contrast the <111> is slower via a ledge growth mechanism and is much smoother leading to lower defect densities. This can only be chosen via seeded growth, however. https://scispace.com/papers/annexin-a1-tripeptide-attenuates-surgery-induced-3vxw52lghi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-manova-results-for-memory-load-time-spent-exploring-18df2mdm.png Table 4. MANOVA results for memory load time spent exploring objects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-manova-results-for-what-where-and-when-preference-3dwn17c2.png Table 1. MANOVA results for “What”, “Where” and “When” preference scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manova-results-for-what-where-and-when-time-spent-9ha789zp.png Table 2. MANOVA results for “What”, “Where” and “When” time spent exploring objectsa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-manova-results-for-memory-load-preference-scores-2qptcpon.png Table 3. MANOVA results for memory load preference scores. https://scispace.com/papers/antenna-effective-aperture-measurement-with-backscattering-4qaxvbnykl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pifa-aut-attached-to-platform-qrbg64mb.png Fig. 4. PIFA (AUT) attached to platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-and-theoretical-radiation-patterns-in-3g15r1i0.png Fig. 5. Measured ( ) and theoretical (- -) radiation patterns in decibels of the dipole antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-radiation-patterns-in-decibels-of-the-pifa-measured-1tzwehbf.png Fig. 8. Radiation patterns in decibels of the PIFA measured with the transmission method: (a) in free space, (b) on (150 mm) metal, and (c) on (600 mm) metal. Solid line ( ) present the co-polarization and dashed line (- -) the cross-polarization radiation pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-radiation-patterns-in-decibels-of-the-pifa-measured-314623cf.png Fig. 6. Radiation patterns in decibels of the PIFA measured with the aperture method: (a) in free space, (b) on (150 mm) metal, and (c) on (600 mm) metal. Solid line ( ) present the co-polarization and dashed line (- -) the cross-polarization radiation pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radiation-patterns-in-decibels-of-the-pifa-simulated-1wgh9xur.png Fig. 7. Radiation patterns in decibels of the PIFA simulated with HFSS: (a) in free space, (b) on (150 mm) metal, and (c) on infinite metal. Solid line ( ) present the co-polarization and dashed line (- -) the cross-polarization radiation pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-series-model-of-a-loaded-antenna-1q4lj5ei.png Fig. 1. Series model of a loaded antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-antenna-chip-system-w1q8b1j7.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the antenna—chip system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-measured-aperture-a-and-radar-cross-section-of-the-1fs3t78w.png Fig. 11. Measured aperture A and radar cross section of the PIFA in free space. https://scispace.com/papers/answer-set-programming-for-procedural-content-generation-a-4lbtmyvywv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-our-method-the-intent-to-generate-artifacts-from-a-e15tjp57.png Fig. 1. In our method, the intent to generate artifacts from a (conceptual) design space is carried out by first modeling the design space with a logic program, and then invoking a domain-independent solver to produce answer sets which can be interpreted as descriptions of the desired artifacts. Experience with generated artifacts inspires redefinition of the design space. This diagram mimics a similar diagram in ASP software engineering for which “design space” and “artifacts” replace the more generic “problem” and “solution” [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-chromatic-maze-created-with-our-asp-based-generator-c23oo9y2.png Fig. 2. A chromatic maze created with our ASP-based generator. Valid moves consist of single steps on a red–yellow–green–cyan–blue–magenta color wheel (repeats allowed). The dark line represents a shortest path between the start and finish tiles. https://scispace.com/papers/antenna-for-ultrawideband-channel-sounding-513v1gvmbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-design-dimensions-of-the-proposed-antenna-10nbn4xr.png TABLE I. Design dimensions of the proposed antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-normalized-e-plane-radiation-patterns-of-the-tt0ww032.png Fig. 8. Simulated normalized E-plane radiation patterns of the proposed antenna for the cases: with straight cable, with bent cable at 90◦ and without cable (directly fed with a signal source). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-surface-current-distribution-at-2-ghz-for-a-antenna-ogh84c1v.png Fig. 7. Surface current distribution at 2 GHz for: (a) antenna with rings and cylinders (proposed antenna), (b) antenna with cylinders and without rings, (c) antenna with rings and without cylinders, and (d) antenna without rings and cylinders. https://scispace.com/papers/anti-biofilm-efficacy-of-a-medieval-treatment-for-bacterial-30wan7oxxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-inhibitory-concentration-mic-of-eso-or-1h4s02xg.png Table 1. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ESO or individual ingredients. MICs were tested in both Mueller–Hinton Broth (MHB) or synthetic wound fluid (SWF). MICs are presented as modal values of 3 different batches (ESO 19–21; with 3 replicate MIC tests per batch) and are the percentage of treatment present at MIC (v/v). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimum-inhibitory-concentrations-mic-were-2y6xmnwx.png Table 3. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were calculated for fresh Bald’s eyesalve (n = 12; batches 19–30), garlic only preparations (n = 3) and external allicin standards (n = 3). Allicin concentrations for each batch were quantified using HPLC and calculated using an allicin calibration curve. MICs were measured in synthetic wound fluid. The allicin concentration in the MIC of each batch, and the allicin concentration present in the biofilm treatment experiments, is calculated and the results of biofilm treatment experiments are provided for reference. Raw data is supplied in the Data Supplement. https://scispace.com/papers/anti-cosmopolitanism-and-the-motivational-preconditions-for-3kkn8mjl02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assurance-game-1g814hgq.png Table 2: Assurance Game https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generalized-prisoners-dilemma-1mnkfdkw.png Table 1: Generalized Prisoner’s Dilemma https://scispace.com/papers/anti-levitation-in-integer-quantum-hall-systems-e7wpapkdde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-phase-boundary-between-the-integer-qh-liquid-and-the-28h2zhha.png FIG. 9. Phase boundary between the integer QH liquid and the Anderson insulator on W -1/B plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-picture-of-the-anti-levitation-2sc6l5bm.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic picture of the anti-levitation scenario (obtained from a solution of the lattice model with whitenoise distribution of site disorder), contrasted with the levitation scenario formulated in Eq. (1). Energies of extended states on the lowest LB are shown as a function of the magnetic field for different cases. (1) Clean system in the continuous geometry (solid line) where the energy follows the relation E0 = 12 ωc. (2) Disordered systems in the continuous geometry following Eq. (1) for τ1 (lower dashed line) > τ2 (upper dashed line). (3) Disordered system in the lattice geometry with white-noise random on-site energy for disorder strengths W1 (triangles) < W2 (diamonds). Anti-levitation occurs for fixed B with increasing W and for fixed W with decreasing B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-scaling-function-lm-m-f-x-m-x-forb-1-fj4u3ad2.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The scaling function λM/M = f (x = M/ξ ) forB = 1/15 andW = 1 (black square), 2 (green circle), 3 (red up-triangle), 4 (blue down-triangle). The data points are from the critical regime (around the peaks) of Fig. 2(b). Inset: The localization length ln(ξ (E,W = 3)) as a function of ln(|E − EC(W = 3)|) for Ec(W = 3) = −3.718. The solid line is linear fit with slope ν = 2.34. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-the-left-panel-illustrates-the-eight-1mmzsbcb.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) The left panel illustrates the eight Landau subbands in the energy range [−4,0] for a clean system for B = 1/15. The right panel displays the quantity ln(λM/M) as a function of energy E for a fixed magnetic field B = 1/15 (expressed in quantum flux per square) in the same energy range for (from bottom up) W = 1 (black), 2 (green), 3 (red). The numerical data of ln(λM/M) are obtained by averaging over 40 samples. Bundles of curves forW = n (n = 2,3) are shifted upward by 2n. In each bundle, the system widths are M = 32 (square), 48 (circle), 64 (up-triangle), 80 (down-triangle), and 96 (left-triangle). (b) As in the right panel of (a), but here ln(λM/M) is displayed in the energy range of [−4,−3.2] for (from bottom up) W = 1 (black), 2 (green), 3 (red), 4 (blue), 5 (pink). Bundles of curves for W = n (n = 2,3,4,5) are shifted upward by 1.5n. The dashed arrow indicates the location of extended state of a clean system with B = 1/15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-averaged-prxn-as-a-function-of-energy-e-15aj290i.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Averaged PR×N as a function of energy E for fixed magnetic field B = 1/15 and disorders W = 1. The lattice size (from top down) is 51 × 51 (black), 61 × 61 (pink), 75 × 75 (blue), 81 × 81 (cyan). The calculation is averaged for 40 samples. Inset: The log(PR) as a function of log(M) for E = −3.621. The corresponding solid lines are the linear fit of the data with a slope −0.39. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-figure-displays-ln-lm-m-averaged-over-3dolc6ai.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The figure displays ln(λM/M) (averaged over 40 samples) as a function of energy E for fixed disorder strength W = 3 at different magnetic fields. The curve bundles from bottom up correspond toB = 1/9 (black), 1/15 (green), 1/24 (red), 1/30 (blue), and 1/40 (pink). In order to have a better view, bundle of curves of B = 1/15 is shifted upward by 3 relative to those of B = 1/9. The bundles of B = 1/24, B = 1/30, and B = 1/40 are then shifted upward by 2 in order. In each bundle, the system width is M = 32 (square), 48 (circle), 64 (upper triangle), 80 (down triangle), 96 (left triangle). The dashed arrows indicate the locations of extended states (from left to right) of clean systems with B = 1/9, 1/15, 1/24, and 1/30, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-energy-deviations-between-the-extended-2qrntbqg.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Energy deviations between the extended level and the center of the first LB δE ≡ Ec(B,W ) − ε0(B) are shown as function of disorder W . The curves from top to bottom correspond toB =1/5 (black square), 1/9 (red circle), 1/15 (green upper triangle), 1/26 (blue lower triangle), 1/28 (cyan left triangle), and 1/30 (magenta right triangle). Dashed lines are the fits of the form −a(B)W 2. Inset displays a(B) as function of 1/B. The functional dependence is not very far from a linear one, especially at small B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-scaling-function-lm-m-f-x-m-x-for-w-3-303q0ln6.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The scaling function λM/M = f (x = M/ξ ) for W = 3 and B = 1/9 (black square), 1/15 (green circle), 1/24 (red up-triangle), 1/30 (blue down-triangle). The data points are from the critical regime (around the peaks) of Fig. 5. Inset: The localization length ln(ξ (E,B = 1/9)) as a function of ln(|E − EC(B = 1/9)|) for EC(B = 1/9) = −3.444. The solid line is linear fit with slope ν = 2.34. https://scispace.com/papers/antiarrhythmic-and-cardiac-electrophysiological-effects-of-lmjdk3688d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-effect-of-szv-270-on-the-rapid-component-of-the-2jw25yin.png Fig. 7. The effect of SZV-270 on the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). SZV270 inhibited the IKr tail current in a concentration dependent manner (panel A: effects of 100 nM, panel B: effects of 500 nM SZV-270). Left subpanels show original current traces in control conditions and following application of 100 and 500 nM SZV-270. Graphs on the right show the respective current-voltage relationships. Values are means ± SEM. n=3-5, *p<0.05 vs corresponding data point in control conditions. 211x78mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effects-of-the-iks-blocker-hmr1556-0-1-mg-kg-i-v-2ejpcqmc.png Fig. 2. The effects of the IKs blocker HMR1556 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), the IKr blocker dofetilide (25 μg/kg, i.v.) and SZV-270 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) on different ECG parameters and the incidence of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmia in an anesthetized rabbit proarrhythmia model. (A) Only SZV-270 widened the QRS interval, while (B) the frequency corrected QT interval (QTc) was prolonged by dofetilide, the combination of HMR1556+dofetilide and HMR1556+SZV270. (C) Despite prolonging QTc, the combination of HMR1556+SZV270 did not increase the short-term variability of the QT interval (STVQT), a surrogate biomarker for the prediction of ventricular arrhythmias. (D) In parallel with a markedly and significantly increased STVQT, only the combination of HMR1556+dofetilide led to a high incidence of TdP. SZV-270 did not show any proarrhythmic activity in this model with impaired repolarization reserve. Values are mean ± SEM. #p<0.05 vs. baseline values within the same group; *p<0.05 vs. dofetilide group; n=8-11 rabbits/group. 203x173mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-selective-ikr-blocker-dofetilide-25-mg-3pgsd7z9.png Fig. 3. Effect of the selective IKr blocker dofetilide (25 μg/kg, i.v.) and SZV-270 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) on atrial fibrillation in conscious dogs with atrial tachypacing-induced electrical atrial remodeling. (A) Both dofetilide and SZV-270 significantly increased right atrial effective refractory period (AERP). (B) Both dofetilide and SZV-270 significantly reduced the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). AERP was measured at basic cycle length of 300 ms. Values are mean ± SEM; n=4-6 animals/group; *p<0.05 vs control values. 196x84mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effects-of-szv-270-1-and-5-um-on-the-action-2pk0i06u.png Fig. 6. The effects of SZV-270 (1 and 5 µM) on the action potential, on Vmax and APD90 at different stimulation cycle lengths recorded from isolated canine right atrial trabeculae. (A) SZV-270 prolonged the action potential in dog atrial trabeculae. (B) SZV-270 did not significantly alter Vmax, however, (C) significantly prolonged APD90 in these preparations. Values are means ± SEM. n=6, *p<0.05 vs. control values. 260x470mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-szv-270-did-not-influence-ica-l-even-at-the-high-3fz57zxa.png Fig. 9. SZV-270 did not influence ICa,L even at the high concentration of 10 µM in isolated rabbit right ventricular cardiomyocytes. Left panels depict original current traces recorded in control conditions, in the presence of 10 µM SZV-270 and following washout. Right panel shows the current-voltage relationship. Values are means ± SEM. n=4, all p>0.05. 181x128mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-szv-270-1-and-5-um-on-the-action-potential-2u0j9358.png Fig. 4. Effect of SZV-270 (1 and 5 µM) on the action potential, on Vmax and APD90 at different stimulation cycle lengths recorded from rabbit right ventricular papillary muscle preparations. (A) SZV-270 prolonged the action potential in rabbit right ventricular papillary muscle. (B) SZV-270 (5 µM) significantly reduced Vmax at 300 ms cycle length, (C) and both concentrations significantly prolonged APD90 at cycle lengths shorter than 3000 ms in these preparations. Values are means ± SEM. n=6, *p<0.05 vs. control values. 263x470mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-szv-270-did-not-influence-a-ik1-or-b-ito-even-at-the-x5kw0js0.png Fig. 8. SZV-270 did not influence (A) IK1 or (B) Ito even at the high concentration of 10 µM in isolated rabbit right ventricular cardiomyocytes. Left panels depict original current traces recorded in control conditions and in the presence of 10 µM SZV-270. Right panels show the current-voltage relationships. Values are means ± SEM. n=5-6, all p>0.05. 188x275mm (600 x 600 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-szv-270-1-and-5-um-on-the-action-potential-zf9f0f6q.png Fig. 5. Effect of SZV-270 (1 and 5 µM) on the action potential, on Vmax and APD90 at different stimulation cycle lengths recorded from dog right ventricular papillary muscle preparations. (A) SZV-270 prolonged the action potential in canine right ventricular papillary muscle. (B) SZV-270 (5 µM) significantly reduced Vmax at 300 ms cycle length, (C) and both concentrations significantly prolonged APD90 in these preparations. Values are means ± SEM. n=6, *p<0.05 vs. control values. 266x465mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/antibiotic-use-in-acute-respiratory-infections-in-under-1ynyh4r5eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-our-findings-are-similar-to-other-studies-among-1lrpjrp1.png Figure 4). Our findings are similar to other studies among developing countries, which estimated self-medication with antibiotics between 8– 87 of patients [17]. A systematic review of 36 studies reports a similar prevalence of 38.8% to that of our findings of self-medication among households and 50% prevalence for respiratory infections [45]. Household surveys in Trinidad and Tobago [46] and Sudan [3] also reported higher rates of 68% (288/450) and 73.9% respectively of self-medication. However, a study in Indonesia found a lower period prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics (7.3%) [47]. The majority of these studies though whilst they assessed antibiotic use in households, this was not specific to under-fives and/ or acute RTIs. In addition, a number were conducted in rural settings where the use of left-over antibiotics is more common [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-atc-classes-of-antibiotics-used-in-self-medication-2e5rs65w.png Figure 3: ATC-Classes of antibiotics used in self-medication of ARI in under- fives in Kampala https://scispace.com/papers/anticancer-and-antioxidant-activities-of-some-algae-from-3301735d0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-antiproliferative-effects-of-selected-libyan-iok509jl.png Figure 3: Antiproliferative effects of selected Libyan seaweeds (U. lactuca, C. tomentosum, C. crinite, C. stricta, S. vulgare and H. musciformis, J. rubens, G. latifolium) extracts on HCEC cells line. The cells were treated with increasing concentration of algae extracts for 72 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-antiproliferative-effects-of-selected-libyan-2pn6ijce.png Figure. 2. antiproliferative effects of selected Libyan seaweeds: (A) Chlorophyta algae (U. lactuca, C. tomentosum), (B) Phaeophyta algae (C. crinite, C. stricta, S. vulgare) and (C) Rhodophyta algae (H. musciformis, J. rubens, G. latifolium) extracts on Caco2 cells. The cells were treated with increasing concentration of algae extracts for 72 hours. Cytotoxicity activity of the extracts was evaluated by MTT assay. Results were reported as mean (n = 6) percent of inhibition of cell growth with error bars showing the standard deviation. Asterisks indicate significant cytotoxicity relative to the control (*P < .05, **P < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-polyphenol-and-flavonoid-contents-of-d9u2bjhp.png Table 1. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of methanolic extracts of the tested algae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cell-cycle-analysis-of-caco2-cancer-cells-treated-1h2qun24.png Figure 6. Cell cycle analysis of CaCo2 cancer cells treated with 200µg/mL of algae extracts for 72 hours. Caco-2 cells were cultured with control (a) and presence of C. crinita (b), C. stricta (c), S. vulgare (d), J. rubens (e), H. musciformis (f), G. latifolium (g), U. lactuca (h), C. tomentosum (i). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antioxidant-activity-of-selected-algae-232qgo7p.png Table 2. Antioxidant activity of selected algae https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-the-contents-of-total-phenols-2e202ka4.png Figure 4: Correlation between the contents of total phenols in seaweeds and anticancer activity of extracts. https://scispace.com/papers/anticipation-specific-reliability-and-trial-to-trial-3ogj2omlgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-data-lam5zuj6.png Table 1. Performance data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-cvpt-2ekxqrpq.png Figure 1. Illustration of the cVPT https://scispace.com/papers/antigenic-studies-of-a-group-of-paracolon-bacteria-32011-3rimsfhbc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xxxvii-r-esu-lts-o-f-f-la-g-e-lla-r-a-gglu-tin-in-a-1yhey9os.png TABLE XXXVII R esu lts o f F la g e lla r A gglu tin in A bsorption Study o f C u ltu re https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-u-j-2py0zsyv.png TABLE 1 U J https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-r-esu-lts-o-f-somatic-a-gglutin-in-a-bsorption-3opmrzmv.png TABLE 22 R esu lts o f Somatic A gglutin in A bsorption Study o f C ultu re 63511 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-r-esu-lts-o-f-somatic-a-gglu-tin-in-a-bsorption-22jootg3.png TABLE IX R esu lts o f Somatic A gglu tin in A bsorption Study o f C ulture https://scispace.com/figures/table-xxi-r-esu-lts-o-f-somatic-a-gglutin-in-a-bsorption-28nii8vu.png TABLE XXI R esu lts o f Somatic A gglutin in A bsorption Study o f C ultu re https://scispace.com/figures/table-xix-r-esu-lts-o-f-somatic-a-gglutin-in-a-bsorption-2045iq7i.png TABLE XIX R esu lts o f Somatic A gglutin in A bsorption Study o f C ultu re https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-agglutination-in-somatic-antisera-ufhaib6u.png TABLE II RESULTS OF AGGLUTINATION IN SOMATIC ANTISERA https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-r-esults-o-f-somatic-a-gglutinin-absorption-study-2ritkcfh.png TABLE XIII R esults o f Somatic A gglutinin Absorption Study o f Culture https://scispace.com/papers/antimicrobial-effect-of-lactobacillus-reuteri-on-cariogenic-38as21lplh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-determination-of-bacterial-susceptibility-of-s-mutans-3i1ese7z.png Fig. 4 Determination of bacterial susceptibility of S. mutans and S. gordonii (present in dental caries) and A. naeslundii and T. forsythia (in periodontal disease), to L. reuteri (filled square) and Chlorhexidine (open square), as antimicrobial compounds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-doubling-time-histogram-and-specific-growth-rate-27hymcai.png Fig. 3 Doubling time (histogram) and specific growth rate (filled circle) determined for each tested bacterial strain. Data are given as mean diameter ± standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-growth-kinetics-and-ph-values-represented-in-bar-of-1fit113h.png Fig. 2 Growth kinetics and pH values (represented in bar) of oral pathogenic bacteria in dental caries (a, a.1): S. gordonii (open circle, striped bar) and S. mutans (open square, open bar), and periodontal disease (b, b.1): A. naeslundii (filled triangle, filled bar) and T. forsythia (filled diamond, filled striped bar) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-media-and-culture-conditions-for-organisms-used-as-2fvcu537.png Table 1 Media and culture conditions for organisms used as established by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) https://scispace.com/papers/antimicrobial-and-antioxidant-activity-of-edible-zein-films-40tx0z9jc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-surface-photographs-of-diverent-zein-wlms-obtained-2x4k4xms.png Fig. 3. The surface photographs of diVerent zein Wlms obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (bottom surfaces of Wlms, magniWcation £5000; Wlm contents: A, control Wlm; B, 310 g/cm2 lysozyme + 310 g/ cm2 disodium EDTA · 2H2O; C, 310 g/cm 2 lysozyme + 310 g/cm2 CPAE + 310 g/cm2 disodium EDTA · 2H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-cross-section-photographs-of-diverent-zein-wlms-1hou09xc.png Fig. 2. The cross-section photographs of diVerent zein Wlms obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (magniWcation £350; Wlm contents: A, Control Wlm; B, 310 g/cm2 lysozyme + 310 g/cm2 disodium EDTA · 2H2O; C, 310 g/cm 2 lysozyme + 310 g/cm2 CPAE + 310 g/cm2 disodium EDTA · 2H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-antimicrobial-evect-of-zein-wlms-on-e-coli-disc-f90t85p0.png Fig. 8. Antimicrobial eVect of zein Wlms on E. coli (disc contents: 896 U (307 g) lysozyme + 339 g CPAE + 177 g disodium EDTA · 2H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-release-of-lysozyme-from-diverent-zein-wlms-in-3u1d28vp.png Fig. 4. Release of lysozyme from diVerent zein Wlms in distilled water at 4 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-antimicrobial-evects-of-discsa-obtained-from-zein-6f8ioxw6.png Table 3 Antimicrobial eVects of discsa obtained from zein Wlms incorporated with partially puriWed lysozyme, CPAE and disodium EDTA · 2H2O https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-immobilized-antioxidant-activities-retained-at-zein-16x223ut.png Fig. 7. Immobilized antioxidant activities retained at zein Wlm surfaces determined in ABTS¤ free radical solutions after 1800 min release test conducted in distilled water at 4 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-immobilized-lysozyme-activities-retained-at-zein-wlm-19u0lf9m.png Fig. 5. Immobilized lysozyme activities retained at zein Wlm surfaces determined in M. lysodeicticus solutions after 1800 min release test conducted in distilled water at 4 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-kinetic-parameters-related-to-antioxidant-23lmsijd.png Table 2 Some kinetic parameters related to antioxidant activity release from zein Wlms at 4 °C https://scispace.com/papers/antimicrobial-efficacy-of-cold-atmospheric-plasma-for-58bthhom7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-emission-spectrum-of-the-he-o2-discharge-34q3en5a.png Figure 2. (a) Emission spectrum of the He/O2 discharge operating with a liquid sample (low resolution), (b) Measured and simulated high-resolution emission spectra of the OH (A-X) emission band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-growth-inactivation-curves-of-s-typhimurium-both-1qghyw0z.png Figure 5. Growth/ inactivation curves of S. Typhimurium, both for CAP treated samples and untreated controls, stored for 10 days at 20°C (left) or for 30 days at 8°C (right). Cells were inactivated in a liquid (top) or on a solid(like) (bottom) model system. Prior to CAP treatment, cells were grown at pH 7.4, 0% (w/v) NaCl or pH 5.5, 6% (w/v) NaCl. Experimental data (symbols) and global fit (line) of the Baranyi and Roberts (1994) model (growth), or the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-showing-the-experimental-setup-b-3upktmn8.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic showing the experimental setup, (b) Photograph of the discharge operating at a dissipated power of 7.45 W, and (c) Applied voltage and current waveforms (liquid sample). Optical emission data was obtained using a Shamrock 500i spectrometer (Andor, UK), with a 500 mm focal length. An iStar CCD 340 camera (Andor, UK) with a 1024 x 1024 pixel intensified sensor was employed to capture the wavelength resolved light passing through the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-log-reduction-including-statistical-analysis-for-s-16wdjhlo.png Figure 4. Log reduction (including statistical analysis) for S. Typhimurium (left) and L. monocytogenes (right) after exposure to CAP. Cells were inactivated in a liquid (top) or on a solid(like) model system (bottom). Prior to CAP treatment, cells were grown at pH 7.4, 0% (w/v) NaCl, pH 6.5, 2% (w/v) NaCl or pH 5.5, 6% (w/v) NaCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survival-curves-of-s-typhimurium-left-and-l-6jocp9nk.png Figure 3. Survival curves of S. Typhimurium (left) and L. monocytogenes (right) after exposure to CAP. Cells were inactivated in a liquid (top) or on a solid(like) model system (bottom). Prior to CAP treatment, cells were grown at pH 7.4, 0% (w/v) NaCl, pH 6.5, 2% (w/v) NaCl or pH 5.5, 6% (w/v) NaCl. Experimental data (symbols) and global fit https://scispace.com/papers/antimicrobial-nanomaterials-against-biofilms-an-alternative-2sqkmyl5ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anmicrobial-activity-of-nms-txyemcet.png Table 1. Anmicrobial activity of NMs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mechanisms-and-applications-of-antimicrobial-nms-nb2e8l4l.png Table 3. Mechanisms and applications of antimicrobial NMs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-similarities-and-differences-among-ag-tio2-and-zno-215aqouj.png Table 4. Similarities and differences among Ag, TiO2 and ZnO NPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antibiofilm-activity-of-nms-1x4fe6ba.png Table 2. Antibiofilm activity of NMs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-various-antimicrobial-mechanisms-exerted-by-nms-3ck5t4e0.png Figure 2. Various antimicrobial mechanisms exerted by NMs. Multiple mechanisms 1745 of antimicrobial action of chitosan-containing NPs (chitosan), silver-containing NPs 1746 (Ag NPs), zinc oxide-containing NPs (ZnO NPs), titanium dioxide-containing NPs 1747 (TiO2 NPs), and carbon based NPs (CNTs and Fullerenes). ROS refers to reactive 1748 oxygen species. 1749 https://scispace.com/papers/antiretroviral-therapy-for-prevention-of-hiv-transmission-in-1alnlk5i3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-forest-plot-of-comparison-3-treated-with-art-vs-not-2wcqcmqm.png Figure 8. Forest plot of comparison: 3 Treated with ART vs Not Treated with ART (Observational Studies, sensitivity analysis), outcome: 3.1 Incident HIV Infection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-forest-plot-of-comparison-1-delayed-vs-immediate-1s96adse.png Figure 13. Forest plot of comparison: 1 Delayed vs Immediate ART (RCTs), outcome: 1.4 Grade 3 or 4 Laboratory Abnormalities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-funnel-plot-of-comparison-2-treated-with-art-vs-pkq07rxd.png Figure 15. Funnel plot of comparison: 2 Treated with ART vs Not Treated with ART (Observational Studies, sensitivity analysis), outcome: 3.1 Incident HIV Infection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-funnel-plot-of-comparison-1-treated-with-art-vs-9r6p12m0.png Figure 14. Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Treated with ART vs Not Treated with ART (Observational Studies), outcome: 2.1 Incident HIV Infection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-forest-plot-of-comparison-3-treated-with-art-vs-not-1de3k76p.png Figure 9. Forest plot of comparison: 3 Treated with ART vs Not Treated with ART (< 200, 200-350, and > 350 CD4 Subgroup Analysis) (Observational Studies), outcome: 3.1 Incident HIV Infection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-3iqxp6ix.png Figure 1. Risk of bias graph: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screening-process-previous-version-of-the-review-3kmtqn9v.png Figure 3. Screening process, PREVIOUS version of the review (Anglemyer 2011b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-forest-plot-of-comparison-5-treated-with-art-vs-g2o95xf8.png Figure 10. Forest plot of comparison: 5 Treated with ART vs Not Treated with ART (Female/Male Subgroup Analysis) (Observational Studies), outcome: 5.1 Incident HIV Infection. https://scispace.com/papers/antisocial-and-delinquent-behaviors-in-youths-with-mild-or-30m5j61gbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extended-3jdeiiuk.png Table 3. Prevalence of Time 1 Predictors and Significant Predictors of Antisocial and Delinquent Behaviors (ADB) and High ADB Behavior Profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-time-1-predictors-and-significant-27lku94w.png Table 3. Prevalence of Time 1 Predictors and Significant Predictors of Antisocial and Delinquent Behaviors (ADB) and High ADB Behavior Profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparing-prevalence-rates-of-antisocial-and-3nu4a6ig.png Table 2. Comparing Prevalence Rates of Antisocial and Delinquent Behaviors (ADB) of Youths With Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and From the General Population (GP) by Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-and-5-year-stability-of-antisocial-and-3f7j7axx.png Table 1. Prevalence and 5-Year-Stability (%) of Antisocial and Delinquent Behaviors (ADB) https://scispace.com/papers/antisocial-behaviour-and-teacher-student-relationship-3k0aklr9re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-child-behaviour-and-39hwl26j.png Table 1. Means and standard deviations of child behaviour and the teacher-student relationship quality (N = 108) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-child-behaviour-the-teacher-29wk5btn.png Table 2. Correlations between child behaviour, the teacher-student relationship quality, and emotion-related abilities (N = 108) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-coefficients-and-change-statistics-for-dn8e67wx.png Table 4. Regression coefficients and change statistics for predictors of teacher-student closenessa (N = 108) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-coefficients-and-change-statistics-for-bj6chh1g.png Table 3. Regression coefficients and change statistics for predictors of teacher-student conflicta (N = 108) https://scispace.com/papers/ants-hymenoptera-formicidae-of-niue-polynesia-26x4t9ha3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-o6dx2auu.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1cnh7qk6.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/antiviral-effect-of-hyunggaeyungyo-tang-on-a549-cells-4b5r799x5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visualization-of-peif2a-expression-it-used-a-zeiss-1s7na5f3.png Figure 4: Visualization of peIF2α expression. It used a Zeiss LSM 760 confocal microscope with a C-Apochromat 20x objective lens. -e expression level of peIF2α significantly increased in the “A549OC43” than in the “A549-OC43 + drug” (A549-WT: A549 cells with no treatment; A549-OC43: A549 cells treated with OC43; A549-OC43 + drug: A549 cells treated with OC43 and HGYGT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-srb-assay-of-hgygt-in-a549-cells-cell-viability-was-1ptr22sx.png Figure 5: SRB assay of HGYGT in A549 cells. Cell viability was assessed by SRB assay at concentrations of 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, and 500 μg/mL. -e results were calculated as a percentage for the control group and presented as mean± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visualization-of-eif2a-expression-it-used-a-zeiss-bw681do0.png Figure 3: Visualization of eIF2α expression. It used a Zeiss LSM 760 confocal microscope with a C-Apochromat 20x objective lens. -e expression level of eIF2α significantly increased in the “A549OC43” than in the “A549-OC43 + drug” (A549-WT: A549 cells with no treatment; A549-OC43: A549 cells treated with OC43; A549-OC43 + drug: A549 cells treated with OC43 and HGYGT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-hgygt-33phs80i.png Table 1: Composition of HGYGT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primer-sequences-used-in-rt-pcr-39vnuvm0.png Table 2: Primer sequences used in RT-PCR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proinflammatory-cytokine-mrna-expression-in-a549-1olrzflv.png Figure 6: Proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in A549 cells. mRNA expression is measured using quantitative real-time PCR presented as mean± SD (n� 3). Ctrl: cells with no treatment; OC43: cells treated with OC43; OC43+HGYGT: cells treated with OC43 and HGYGT (100 μg/mL) (∗p< 0.05, ∗∗p< 0.01, ∗∗∗p< 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p< 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-isg-mrna-expression-in-a549-cells-mrna-expression-3v9nazit.png Figure 7: ISG mRNA expression in A549 cells. mRNA expression is measured using quantitative real-time PCR and presented as mean± S.D. (n� 3). Ctrl: cells with no treatment; OC43: cells treated with OC43; OC43+HGYGT: cells treated with OC43 and HGYGT (100 μg/mL) (∗p< 0.05; ∗∗p< 0.01; ∗∗∗p< 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p< 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ikk-and-inosmrna-expression-in-a549-cells-mrna-v3a0cda1.png Figure 8: IKK and INOSmRNA expression in A549 cells. mRNA expression is measured using quantitative real-time PCR and presented as mean± SD (n� 3). Ctrl: cells with no treatment; OC43: cells treated with OC43; OC43+HGYGT: cells treated with OC43 and HGYGT (100 μg/mL) ( ∗∗∗∗p< 0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/anxiety-among-the-general-population-during-coronavirus-19-27dfkagy02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-difference-between-selected-demographics-and-anxiety-2riwfpnk.png Table 2 Difference Between Selected Demographics and Anxiety Level (n = 709) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-respondents-n-709-2d2v56ln.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the respondents (n = 709) https://scispace.com/papers/anxiety-and-its-time-courses-during-radiotherapy-for-non-1pz86sdyeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-over-time-of-the-rate-of-breast-cancer-2ueoacwo.png Fig. 2. Evolution over time of the rate of breast cancer patients with clinically relevant anxiety (pre- and post-simulation/session VAS scores P 4 cm) and without clinical anxiety (pre- and/or post-simulation/session < 4 cm). ¤S refers to radiotherapy (RT) simulation; ¤¤F1 to F5 refer to RT sessions in the first week of RT; ¤¤¤L1 to L5 refer to RT sessions in the last week of RT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-course-of-anxiety-during-the-simulation-and-the-abswh2k8.png Table 1 Time course of anxiety during the simulation and the first and last weeks of radiotherapy (RT): comparisons of anxiety levels just before and just after RT sessions and differences in anxiety levels just before and just after RT sessions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-course-of-anxiety-among-patients-during-the-31ky0f55.png Fig. 1. Time course of anxiety among patients during the simulation and the first and last weeks of radiotherapy (RT). Comparisons of the levels of anxiety before and after each RT session (measured on state anxiety VAS scores) through Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests; ⁄⁄⁄p < 0.001, ⁄p < 0.05; MANOVA time changes in state anxiety VAS scores before and after the simulation and sessions; ¤S refers to RT simulation; ¤¤F1 to F5 refer to RT sessions in the first week of RT; ¤¤¤L1 to L5 refer to RT sessions in the last week of RT. https://scispace.com/papers/aortic-valve-prosthesis-tracking-for-transapical-aortic-4i8ummqjvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-target-window-is-automatically-generated-around-2ew7clij.png Fig. 4 The target window is automatically generated around the manual definition of connected AVP corner points in white lines (left) and the AVP model is then automatically estimated (right). The AVP model parameters are already defined in the context https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-of-the-avp-tracking-method-for-the-ta-avi-39u2oq0c.png Fig. 3 Flowchart of the AVP tracking method for the TA-AVI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dmean-sd-and-dmax-localization-distance-errors-between-3jpz3zhg.png Fig. 6 dmean ± SD and dmax localization distance errors between the manually-defined and the proposed method-defined for the main AVP corner point p1 for the six image sequences. The maximum localization errors of the main corner point p1 didn’t exceed 3 pixels in all tested images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tracking-results-obtained-for-the-six-fluoroscopic-1wkcrv3p.png Fig. 5 Tracking results obtained for the six fluoroscopic image sequences. Each column presents two images of each sequence including the ROI (in black box) and the superimposed AVP model on the prosthesis within lighter intensity target window. Top row shows the best tracking results obtained. In the second row, the AVP localization errors are maximal, because the contrast agent appears in the images. But the proposed method is still successfully tracking the AVP in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dmean-sd-and-dmax-localization-distance-errors-for-i411af2d.png Table 3 dmean ± SD and dmax localization distance errors for the corner points of the AVP for six fluoroscopic image sequences https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-data-and-size-of-edwards-sapien-prosthesis-l6lr558m.png Table 1 Patient’s data and size of Edwards SAPIEN prosthesis for the six fluoroscopic image sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-edwards-sapien-prosthesis-left-schematic-view-of-bhv7utqr.png Fig. 1 Edwards-SAPIEN prosthesis (left), schematic view of transapical aortic valve implantation (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fluoroscopic-image-guidance-of-ta-avi-during-the-bj5q9do6.png Fig. 2 Fluoroscopic image guidance of TA-AVI during the placement of the AVP, where the contrast agent is injected to visualize the aortic root with the coronary ostia (left), and the AVP is deployed by an inflatable balloon for implantation (right) https://scispace.com/papers/ape-authenticated-permutation-based-encryption-for-3i9lcrwfqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-generalization-of-ape-that-can-handle-fractional-2dc2o7su.png Fig. 3. A generalization of APE that can handle fractional associated data blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ape-mode-of-operation-encryption-if-there-is-no-jgik20y5.png Fig. 1. The APE mode of operation (encryption). If there is no associated data (A = ∅), we have Vr := 0 and Vc := K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ape-is-implemented-using-the-photon-quark-and-24qpzw1i.png Table 1. APE is implemented using the Photon, Quark, and Spongent permutations. For each algorithm, we provide an encryption-only implementation, as well as one that does both encryption and decryption (denoted as “e/d”). The area figures depend on the library that we have used: Area A refers to UMC 180 nm, Area B refers to NANGATE 45 nm. Our overview also includes lightweight implementations of the authenticated encryption schemes ALE [11], ASC-1 [19], and AES-CCM [30]. We remark that the clock frequency of the APE implementations is 100 kHz, compared to 20 MHz for the other ciphers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-encryption-ek-a-m-and-decryption-dk-a-c-t-17e22duc.png Fig. 2. The encryption EK(A, M) and decryption DK(A, C, T ) algorithms of APE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-generalization-of-ape-that-can-handle-fractional-3dgv48ou.png Fig. 4. A generalization of APE that can handle fractional message blocks. https://scispace.com/papers/apc15-mediates-cdc20-autoubiquitylation-by-apc-c-mcc-and-18r09j6bsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-apc15-is-required-for-cdc20-autoubiquitylation-by-wsb4y6zb.png Figure 7 APC15 is required for CDC20 autoubiquitylation by APC/CMCC. (a) Western blot showing CDC20 autoubiquitylation by APC/CMCC immobilized on anti-CDC27–antibody beads incubated with increasing concentrations of UBCH10. After indicated time points, anti-CDC27– antibody beads were washed, and bound protein was eluted by using antigenic peptides. (b) Western blot showing CDC20 autoubiquitylation by wild-type or APC15-depleted APC/CMCC immobilized on anti-CDC27– antibody beads incubated with 10 μM UBCH10. After indicated time points, anti-CDC27–antibody beads were washed, and bound protein was eluted by using antigenic peptides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c11orf51-apc15-is-a-subunit-of-apc-cs-platform-3c4j9b5x.png Figure 1 C11ORF51 (APC15) is a subunit of APC/C’s platform domain. (a) Western blot showing APC/C immunoprecipitations from asynchronous cells or cells expressing APC15-LAP. IP, immunoprecipitation; WB, western blot. (b) APC/C subunits identified by mass spectrometry after tandem affinity purification of APC15-LAP. Percentage of peptide sequence coverage of each subunit is listed. (c) SDS-PAGE and silver stain showing APC/C immunoprecipitations using APC15 or CDC27 antibodies. (d) Autoradiography after in vitro ubiquitylation of [I125]-labeled human cyclin-B1 fragment (residues 1–87) by APC/C. APC/C concentration used in this assay was normalized on the basis of APC/C subunit silver-staining intensity shown in c. (e) SDS-PAGE and silver stain or western blot analysis after APC/C immunoprecipitation from cells arrested in different cell-cycle stages. PM, prometaphase. Ubn denotes polyubiquitination. (f) Three-dimensional model of human APC/C obtained by electron microscopy11, showing the location of APC15 as determined by antibody labeling. https://scispace.com/papers/apparent-soil-electrical-conductivity-applications-for-31riuc3e95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-32-4-ha-westlake-study-was-partitioned-into-four-1rhzv9mf.png Table 3 The 32.4 ha Westlake Study was partitioned into four and five classes based on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-field-and-plot-scale-mean-square-3rrefvfv.png Table 5 Comparison of field- and plot-scale mean square errors for analyzed soil properties (0–0.3 m depth) at the Westlake Study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-32-4-ha-field-scale-westlake-farms-study-separated-3dyu9zef.png Fig. 2. The 32.4 ha field-scale Westlake Farms Study separated into eight paddocks (A). The site is partitioned into four classes of apparent electrical condu ivity (ECa) based upon a response surface. Class color, from light to dark, corresponds to increasing conductivity. Forty soil sampling points ( ) are identified. Two paddocks on the south end of the study site were selected for more intensive soil sampling and were used to simulate a traditional plot-scale study (8.1 ha) (B). These are shown with three different blocking schemes (three, four, and six blocks) superimposed over a map of laboratory-measured salinity (ECe). Light to dark coloration indicates low to high salinity where salinity ranges are: 6.988–13.288, 13.288–18.42, 18.42–26.435, and 26.435–35.6 dS m−1 for the four zones shown. Thirty randomly selected soil sampling sites, in addition to the ten response surface sites, are identified on each map ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-field-and-plot-scale-mean-square-2mks885h.png Table 6 Comparison of field- and plot-scale mean square errors for analyzed soil properties (0–1.2 m depth) at the Westlake Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-significance-of-eca-classification-ece-blocking-and-5pacy34m.png Table 4 Significance of ECa classification/ECe blocking and comparison of soil property (0–0.3 m and 0–1.2 m depths) means and mean square errors (MSE’s) within field-scale apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) classes (with partitioning into four classes) and plot-scale blocks (with partitioning into four blocks) at the Westlake Farms Study site https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-between-bulk-soil-electrical-conductivity-lma82u9y.png Fig. 1. Relationship between bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) classification and plot-scale blocking. (A) An ECa-classified map of a≈32 ha field at the Farm-Scale Intensive Cropping Study and (B) a typical plot-scale experiment identified within the field using ECa classification as a basis for blocking. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-farm-scale-intensive-cropping-13u3lh84.png Table 2 Comparison of the Farm-Scale Intensive Cropping Study and the Westlake Farms research sites: site characteristics and ECa mapping/classification methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-within-apparent-electrical-conductivity-eca-class-367pjmaz.png Table 1 Within apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) class means and significance for selected soil properties (0–30 cm depth) measured at the Farm-Scale Intensive Cropping Study https://scispace.com/papers/applicability-of-openness-led-growth-hypothesis-in-sri-lanka-76lt0zbrzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-cusum-test-for-eq-10-qo3hgair.png Figure 2: Plot of CUSUM test for Eq. (10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-and-relationship-between-trade-openness-and-30yrlfq4.png Figure 1: Trends and relationship between Trade openness and Economic growth in Sri Lanka 1961-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-error-correction-representation-for-ardl-model-10001-1cmosh8m.png Table 4: Error correction representation for ARDL model (1,0,0,0,1) on SBC https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-short-run-granger-causality-2dsn36t8.png Table 5: Results of short run granger causality https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-diagnostic-test-2cei5k9v.png Table 6: Diagnostic test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-bound-test-3q73kvrs.png Table 2: Results from Bound test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-long-run-coefficients-using-ardl-model-37vjjvrf.png Table 3: Estimated long run coefficients using ARDL model selected based on SBC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-cusumsq-test-for-eq-10-conclusion-and-1dxe5lxm.png Figure 3: Plot of CUSUMSQ test for Eq. (10) Conclusion and policy implications https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-a-novel-respirometric-methodology-to-4h5cj7ifsw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitted-parameters-for-the-calibration-of-the-hr-2btjr74x.png Table 2 Fitted parameters for the calibration of the HR mathematical model to the respective 2 PR and PUF assays and other relevant parameters computed. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-included-in-the-mathematical-model-3un9ri7d.png Table 1. Parameters included in the mathematical model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-heterogeneous-respirometer-1-pmf163ob.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the Heterogeneous Respirometer. (1) dissolved oxygen sensor, (2) liquid 4 recirculation, (3) Liquid recirculation pump, (4) pH sensor, (5) Gas out, (6) Packed bed, (7) Gas 5 free (gas volume out of the packed bed), (8) Liquid reservoir, (9) Pulse port, (10) Liquid purge, 6 (11) Gas in, (12) O2/CO2 sensor , (13) Gas recirculation, (14) Gas recirculation compressor, 7 (15) micro-burette for pH control. 8 https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-compensators-for-nonperiodic-currents-49716rsrw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stochastic-current-compensation-22ma2mts.png Fig. 5. Stochastic current compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-results-for-disturbance-type-non-periodic-1ih1ny4f.png Fig. 3. Simulation results for disturbance type non-periodic current compensation (TC = 2T). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-for-disturbance-type-non-periodic-1nlayrhi.png Fig. 2. Simulation results for disturbance type non-periodic current compensation (TC = T/2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-peak-source-current-and-b-peak-compensator-current-3uvi96rk.png Fig. 6. (a) Peak source current and (b) peak compensator current normalized with respect to load current for different compensation times and load current phase angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-peak-source-current-plotted-as-a-function-of-the-2wwkcuk1.png Fig. 7. Peak source current plotted as a function of the compensator’s (a) energy storage requirement and (b) instantaneous power requirement for different compensation times and load current phase angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-shunt-compensator-configuration-jarq4079.png Fig. 1. A shunt compensator configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-different-compensation-objectives-28mh8dim.png TABLE I. PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT COMPENSATION OBJECTIVES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subharmonic-current-compensation-78j4nym3.png Fig. 4. Subharmonic current compensation. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-different-imaging-techniques-for-the-48415067my 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-standard-displacement-and-strain-uncertainties-of-28pz8k2z.png Table 6. Standard displacement and strain uncertainties of DVC measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-correlation-residuals-scan-05-laid-over-the-ree5b6o2.png Fig 11. Correlation residuals (scan 05) laid over the corresponding mesostructure sections. The subsets for which comprehensive analyses of correlation residuals and major eigen strain fields are performed are denoted as 1, 2 and 3. The green arrows indicate areas of increased correlation residuals in two perpendicular planes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-major-eigen-strain-fields-for-different-load-levels-of-3qchq0tf.png Fig 6. Major eigen strain fields for different load levels of the monotonic tensile test. The blue dashed arrows depict the initiation location and growth path of the first detected damage (i.e., zones in which eigen strains increase with prescribed load), while the green dashed arrows indicate additional areas of elevated major eigen strains. The size of the region of interest corresponded to 2040 × 615 pixels. The physical length of one pixel was 16 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dic-analysis-parameters-vuebnc24.png Table 2. DIC analysis parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-mean-zz-strain-levels-extracted-from-z81u15ae.png Fig 15. Comparison of mean zz strain levels extracted from DVC and S-DIC runs. The mean strain levels are calculated with 2D and 3D virtual gauges of same size positioned over the ROI. The position and size of the gauge are depicted with the blue box on the S-DIC front surface showing zz strain field (scan 05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-stress-and-maximum-eigen-strain-levels-for-different-r9a2l97b.png Table 7. Stress and maximum eigen strain levels for different load levels of the uniaxial tensile test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlation-residual-maps-for-different-load-levels-of-3t9mxbi0.png Fig 7. Correlation residual maps for different load levels of the monotonic tensile test. The blue dashed arrows depict initiation locations and growth path of the first detected discontinuities (i.e., zones in which residuals increase with prescribed load), while the green dashed arrows indicate the additional areas of higher correlation residuals. The size of the region of interest was equal to 2040 × 615 pixels. The physical length of one pixel was 16 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometries-of-investigated-dogbone-specimens-together-pk6r02ss.png Fig 2. Geometries of investigated dogbone specimens together with (a) 20-pixel triangular elements employed in DIC analyses, and (b) 18-voxel tetrahedral elements utilized in DVC registrations. The red contours depict the regions of interest. The size of the region of interest employed in DIC was 2040 × 615 pixels, and the physical length of one pixel corresponded to 16 µm. The size of the region of interest considered in DVC was 610 × 410 × 1180 voxels, and the physical length of one voxel was equal to 14.6 µm https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-diffracted-wave-analysis-to-time-lapse-32uig7kjma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-comparisons-between-two-d-sections-a-computed-1ft3uzvx.png Figure 3 A comparisons between two D-sections (a) computed over the full diffraction traveltime curve, and (b) a combined two D-sections computed over each side separately. Note on (b) the plume shows stronger anomaly and the noise is significantly suppressed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-a-part-of-the-stack-sections-of-the-geological-334l6axl.png Figure 2 (a) A part of the stack sections of the geological model, (b) the same section after adding noise. Note how the noise is affecting the diffracted energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-velocity-depth-model-created-for-the-experiment-40bon5rw.png Figure 1 (a) A velocity depth model created for the experiment, the plume with 170m length and 13m thick added in the monitor section. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-ftir-and-raman-microspectroscopy-to-the-study-ba8299ivaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-concentration-profiles-of-uvitex-ob-within-the-half-3nx5us9a.png Figure 6: Concentration profiles of Uvitex OB within the half-depth of LLDPE film submitted to a contact with olive oil at 40°C. The profiles were obtained after 4 h (■), 1 day https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-kriging-to-motorsport-aerodynamic-analysis-33yfylmh8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-interpolated-cfd-results-using-trends-1fzfq4fq.png Figure 3- Comparison of interpolated CFD results using trends of various datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cfd-and-wt-results-interpolated-over-the-track-ride-lz3ss5z6.png Figure 2- CFD and WT results interpolated over the track ride height conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalised-variograms-comparison-12mdvvgj.png Figure 1-Normalised Variograms comparison https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-kernel-based-feature-space-transformations-29sgojf5kh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-kernel-idea-the-dot-product-in-the-kernel-1gzwbeco.png Figure 2. The ”kernel-idea”. The dot product in the kernel feature space F is defined implicitly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-state-left-to-right-phoneme-hmm-26hap1e8.png Figure 1. The three-state left-to-right phoneme HMM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-recognition-accuracies-for-the-phoneme-xdlkncbc.png Table I. Recognition accuracies for the phoneme classification. The maximum is in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-landsat-7-satellite-data-and-a-dem-for-the-1nruhwta5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-view-of-major-relief-features-identifi-ed-in-2cs4fmmt.png Fig. 4. Schematic view of major relief features identifi ed in the fi eld, classes associated with them and the geological situation in the investigation area at Cape Mamontov Klyk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-final-classifi-cation-map-of-the-investigated-area-3h4lcjvx.png Fig. 6. Final classifi cation map of the investigated area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-investigation-area-in-the-western-25tj84py.png Fig. 1. Location of the investigation area in the western Laptev Sea coastal lowlands, northern Siberia. Map prepared with elevation data from GLOBE Task Team (1999). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-elevation-and-spectral-characteristics-for-each-34q7pl80.png Fig. 7. Mean elevation and spectral characteristics for each class: (a) mean elevation and standard deviation for each class; (b) mean refl ectance and NDVI for barren and water classes; (c) mean refl ectance and NDVI for vegetated tundra classes). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-image-classifi-cation-scheme-2vn7fhqh.png Fig. 5. Image classifi cation scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-digital-elevation-model-of-the-investigation-area-b-2vpwsk30.png Fig. 2. (a) Digital elevation model of the investigation area, (b) DEM subset with elevation contours showing the typical geomorphology of the region and (c) the same subset with elevation contours and data from Landsat-7 ETM+ band 5, demonstrating the good correlation of the topographical map data for DEM generation with the remotely sensed data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-the-fi-nal-classes-and-their-fmdrhb70.png Table 1. Characterization of the fi nal classes and their relevance to thermokarst and degradation of permafrost deposits https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-linear-model-of-sorption-dynamics-to-the-13xu0sx5g8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graphical-evaluation-of-the-maximum-achievable-2e4g9luc.png Fig. 4. Graphical evaluation of the maximum achievable preconcentration efficiency CEmax for liquid film diffusion model. The cross point of curves representing the calculated parameters h (dashed lines) and x (solid lines) gives the values of dimensionless bed length Xmax and time Tmax for given preconcentration factor Kconc, distribution ratio (Kd, G) and recovery of solute R . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-langmuir-equation-parameters-n-7-p-0-95-2e5p9wcd.png Table 2 Langmuir equation parameters (n /7; P /0.95) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-breakthrough-curves-of-phenol-on-non-polar-xnu0ax06.png Fig. 3. Dynamic breakthrough curves of phenol on non-polar sorbents (according to [13]). I*/Experimental data: EnviChrom P (1), Amberchrom CG-161 (2), LiChrolut EN (3), PLPR-S 100 (4); v /1.0 ml min 1; sorbent mass: 16.3 (1 /3), 21.2 (4) mg; column: 10 mm /3 mm i.d. II*/Calculated breakthrough curves (solid lines) for liquid film diffusion model matched to the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dynamic-breakthrough-curves-of-phenol-on-non-polar-n7xb2f0v.png Fig. 1. Dynamic breakthrough curves of phenol on non-polar sorbents (experimental data). I*/Experimental data: XAD-2 (1), XAD-4 (2), Merrifield-resin (3), hexadecylsilica KSK-G C16 (4), MN-100 (5), Purosorb MN-200 (6), MN-150 (7); v /1.5 (1), 0.7 (2 /4); 3.0 (5), 2.5 (6), 2.0 (7) ml min 1; weight of sorbent: 112 (1), 132 (2), 144 (3), 141 (4), 54.1 (5), 69.8 (6), 80.7 (7) mg; column 70 mm /2 mm i.d. II*/Calculated breakthrough curves (solid lines) for liquid film diffusion model matched to the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-main-characteristics-of-sorbents-used-for-phenol-dh5ljc8e.png Table 1 The main characteristics of sorbents used for phenol preconcentration [13,19 /21] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-maximum-achievable-concentration-wib11iet.png Table 4 Calculated maximum achievable concentration efficiency CEmax and corresponding preconcentration time tmax for the phenol recovery on reversed-phase sorbents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-calculated-parameters-of-liquid-film-diffusion-23gv10me.png Table 3 The calculated parameters of liquid film diffusion model for the adsorption of phenol by non-polar sorbents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dynamic-breakthrough-curves-of-phenol-obtained-on-non-n7ew114k.png Fig. 2. Dynamic breakthrough curves of phenol obtained on non-polar sorbents in conventional mode (solid circles) and in stop-flow mode (hollow circles). Solid lines are calculated breakthrough curves for liquid film diffusion model matched to the experimental data. Sorbents and stop-flow time were: hexadecylsilica KSK-G C16, 30 min (1); MN-100, 60 min (2); Purosorb MN-200, 60 min (3), MN150, 60 min (4). Other experimental conditions are the same as on Fig. 1. Arrows mark the moments of stopping the flow. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-mimo-df-equalization-to-high-speed-off-chip-4ry6idq2kz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mimo-dfe-scheme-277ad9f0.png Figure 1. MIMO DFE scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mse-for-several-symbol-spaced-nff-1-and-3u5vbdna.png Figure 2. MSE for several symbol-spaced (NFF = 1) and fractionally-spaced (NFF = 2) equalization schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ber-for-several-symbol-spaced-nff-1-and-17yubd1w.png Figure 3. BER for several symbol-spaced (NFF = 1) and fractionally-spaced (NFF = 2) equalization schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-optimally-shaped-phononic-crystals-to-reduce-95jlr3zwoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-q-anchor-factors-for-different-configurations-2bch7dsc.png TABLE I. Q-ANCHOR-FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-a-quarter-of-the-released-aln-mems-32w7jia0.png Fig. 3: Representation of a quarter of the released AlN MEMS resonator in the different configurations analysed (a)-(e). The finite phononic crystals are located in the anchor. The carachteristic mode is reported. The quality factor for anchor losses related to the analysed mode for each of the (a)-(e) configurations are reported in Tab. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysed-cmr-resonator-only-1-4-of-the-resonator-is-37xbogbk.png Fig. 2: Analysed CMR resonator (only 1/4 of the resonator is reported): vibrational mode at 260 MHz, finite 5x5 PnC structure is placed in the anchor, the PnC unit cell is highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-band-gaps-of-phononic-crystals-with-6g7na7ux.png Fig. 1: Comparison between band gaps of phononic crystals with circular hole shape and optimized hole shape, the material employed is AlN. (a) and (c) represent respectively the two geometries for the infinite phononic crystal, (b) and (d) the two related dispersion relation diagrams. Details on the definition of the dispersion relation diagrams can be found in [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-reference-models-in-technology-management-58zzo22z2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fa-business-reference-model-1-jini8ywe.png Figure 1- FA Business Reference Model [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fa-performance-reference-model-1-23l32l6n.png Figure 2- FA Performance Reference Model [1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-brief-view-of-studies-reviewed-1c4wn4d1.png Table 2. A brief view of studies reviewed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-technology-selection-framework-4-snynvba4.png Figure 7- The technology selection framework [4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-technology-management-assessment-process-procedure-2rfo2yfw.png Figure 5. Technology management assessment process procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cambridge-manufacturing-leaders-program-audit-model-1s1w6tq6.png Figure 6. Cambridge Manufacturing Leaders’ Program Audit model [3] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-meta-framework-management-representations-and-1xskgqd4.png Figure 3- Meta-framework: management representations and approaches[3] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-conceptual-framework-of-technological-innovation-gqxu03a6.png Table 1- The conceptual framework of technological innovation management [7] https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-protograph-based-ldpc-codes-for-uwb-short-52ls3ezqqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-10-tap-channel-exit-chart-24cbn4hw.png Fig. 6. 10 tap channel - EXIT-Chart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-receiver-chain-279eqk6c.png Fig. 2. Receiver chain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-proposed-protographs-2jyctz5c.png Fig. 7. Proposed protographs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-arja-protographs-for-different-rates-zzfqpc2g.png Fig. 3. ARJA protographs for different rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-10-tap-channel-gap-to-one-exit-chart-loglog-scale-4m0p9xri.png Fig. 8. 10 tap channel - gap-to-one EXIT Chart (loglog-scale) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-10-tap-channel-bit-error-rate-simulation-md6j2mi2.png Fig. 9. 10 tap channel - Bit-Error-Rate Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transmission-chain-3dyibob3.png Fig. 1. Transmission chain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uwb-desktop-channel-exit-chart-3ksjnojl.png Fig. 4. UWB desktop channel - EXIT-Chart https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-thomas-fermi-model-to-fullerene-molecule-and-1cz8wag2sp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-applied-to-a-fullerene-molecule-and-a-nanotube-2c04pjhz.png Fig. 1. Model, applied to a fullerene molecule and a nanotube. The charge of the ions is distributed homogeneously on the surface of the sphere of radius Rf, or cylinder of radius Rn for a nanotube. The delocalized electrons are distributed uniformly in a spherical (or cylindrical for a nanotube) layer Ri < r < R . https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-small-angle-x-ray-and-neutron-scattering-1qckp8drvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-starch-granule-structure-a-the-w-hmu68awg.png Fig. 2. Overview of starch granule structure: (a) the w https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neutron-and-x-ray-scattering-length-densities-for-khnvzsm7.png Table 1 Neutron and X-ray scattering length densities for crystalline and amorphous starch fractions and water (Waigh et al., 1996). Physical densities of crystalline and amorphous starch are taken to be 1.72 and 1.59g cm−3 respectively and assuming complete exchange of labile hydrogen with deuterium in the case of heavy-water hydration. For example, a crystalline region containing 90% mole fraction of starch and 10% normal water would have a neutron SLD of ((0.90×3.93) + (0.10×−0.56))×1010 cm−2 = 3.48×1010 cm−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-of-the-lamellar-architecture-of-amylose-rich-1lnze82g.png Fig. 5. Model of the lamellar architecture of amylose-rich starch granules. Reproduced with permission from Kozlov et al. (2007b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sanspatterns-of-resistant-starch-formed-1nl95cs7.png Fig. 7. SANSpatterns of resistant starch formed fromprocessedhigh-amylosemaize starch in water. Four neutron solvent contrasts have been used: 0% D2O, (i.e. 100% H2O), 25% D2O:75% H2O, 75% D2O:25% H2O and 100% D2O along with an effective fifth contrast from SAXS. Dot points represent the experimental data that have been https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-time-resolved-saxs-profiles-as-a-function-of-3onmp6f7.png Fig. 6. (a) Time resolved SAXS profiles as a function of temperature of a 50% (w/w) suspension of one-step annealed potato starch heated from 25 to 95 ◦C at a heating rate o terns i d by h R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scattering-pattern-from-regular-maize-starch-and-37uhnumj.png Fig. 4. Scattering pattern from regular maize starch and correspondi https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-smart-grid-technologies-in-developing-areas-1vcg5w2l3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-key-figures-of-angolas-power-infrastructure-based-on-7s0zi2bk.png TABLE I KEY FIGURES OF ANGOLA’S POWER INFRASTRUCTURE, BASED ON 2011 [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-angolas-electricity-network-9-2zc3c0sa.png Fig. 2. Angola’s electricity network [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-led-applications-indoor-and-outdoor-on-the-1t8nxtk9.png Fig. 4. Impact of LED applications indoor and outdoor on the assumed load curve in the north part of Angola. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pie-chart-based-on-electricity-consumption-in-angola-g571kmhk.png Fig. 3. Pie chart based on electricity consumption in Angola, 2009 [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percent-of-population-with-access-to-electricity-in-199y52na.png Fig. 1. Percent of population with access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa, based on information of OECD, IEA (2006) and U.S. International Trade Commission (2009). https://scispace.com/papers/applications-of-drones-for-safety-inspection-in-the-gulf-1eye5slzhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-important-technical-features-required-to-improve-2cf50752.png Table 5: Important Technical Features Required to Improve Site Safety https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rating-of-barriers-to-use-drones-to-improve-3ke0xltt.png Table 6: Rating of Barriers to Use Drones to Improve Construction Safety in GCC Construction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-application-of-drone-in-construction-projects-gfy47srn.png Table 3: Application of Drone in Construction Projects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-participants-distribution-among-gcc-countries-2js59wbk.png Figure 3: Participants Distribution among GCC Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effectiveness-frequency-and-importance-factors-of-2o9xsmzf.png Table 4: Effectiveness, Frequency and Importance factors of Using Drone to Improve Safety at Workplaces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-types-of-injuries-in-saudi-arabia-3rd-1i4k922q.png Figure 2: Different Types of Injuries in Saudi Arabia – 3rd Quarter 2018 (GOSI, 2018) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-participants-ethnicity-3hvyq8at.png Figure 4: Participants Ethnicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contract-awarded-in-different-gcc-countries-until-3k4qkrw1.png Table 1: Contract Awarded in Different GCC Countries until July 2019 https://scispace.com/papers/application-specific-accelerators-for-communications-19qxsfmk1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-sliding-window-map-decoder-a-an-example-of-sliding-2x5vgcay.png Fig. 23 Sliding window MAP decoder. (a) An example of sliding window MAP algorithm, where a dummy RMC is performed to achieve the initial metrics. (b) MAP decoder hardware architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-an-example-of-parallel-sliding-window-decoding-where-1yzym8rv.png Fig. 24 An example of parallel sliding window decoding, where a decode block is sliced into 4 sections. The sub-blocks are overlapped by one sliding window length W in order to get the initial value for the boundary states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mimo-transmitter-and-receiver-bu2yabr6.png Fig. 6 MIMO transmitter and receiver https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-an-circuit-implementation-for-the-qpp-interleaver-x-3gswcxve.png Fig. 25 An circuit implementation for the QPP interleaver (x) = ( f2x2 + f1x)mod K [44]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fpga-resource-utilization-for-sphere-detector-3lurt9fp.png Table 2 FPGA Resource Utilization for Sphere Detector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sphere-detector-architecture-with-multiple-ped-14x75jjk.png Fig. 9 Sphere Detector architecture with multiple PED function units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-radix-8-acs-architecture-314m8chf.png Fig. 17 Radix-8 ACS architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-a-generic-viterbi-decoder-accelerator-architecture-c09ph8g9.png Fig. 18 A generic Viterbi decoder accelerator architecture. Data movement between DSP processor and accelerator is via DMA. Fully-parallel ACS function units are used to support high speed decoding. https://scispace.com/papers/applications-of-spatial-statistics-4s1xsntnvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-reordering-the-nodes-of-the-graph-on-the-fb07xjyd.png Figure 1: Effect of reordering the nodes of the graph on the fillin of the Cholesky factor of . The precision matrix and Cholesky factor are shown for the original graph (top) and the graph after swapping nodes 1 and 5 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-map-of-germany-with-its-544-districts-overlaid-35d55crw.png Figure 4: The map of Germany with its 544 districts, overlaid by a lattice including a set of boundary nodes (a). The two right panels illustrate the conditional independence structure (after reordering) of the prior model (c) and when conditioning on the data (d), for a subset of the lattice nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-band-matrix-reordering-and-the-vi1f48c8.png Figure 2: Illustration of the band-matrix reordering and the nested dissection reordering for the graph of Germany used in the applications of Section 3. The graph has nodes each representing a disctrict, and two districts are neighbours if they share a common boundary. The left panels display the ordering of the nodes after applying the reordering schemes, and the middle and right panels give illustrations of the non-zero pattern of the precision matrix and the Cholesky triangle after reordering. The top row displays the band-matrix reordering, and the bottom row the nested dissection reordering. The ratio of non-zero terms in and in the lower triangular part of , is for the nested dissection reordering and for the band-reordering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-trace-plots-left-of-where-is-the-lower-curve-bn3af71q.png Figure 3: The trace-plots (left) of , where is the lower curve, the middle curve and the upper curve. The estimated posterior means (full line) and empirical pointwise 2.5% and 97.5% quantiles (dotted lines) for the semi-parametric function (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-for-the-german-oral-cavity-cancer-data-1woc04wo.png Figure 5: Results for the German oral cavity cancer data. https://scispace.com/papers/applying-kaos-services-to-ensure-policy-compliance-for-3es1xvyg7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-process-panel-for-a-coalition-search-and-rescue-task-2mind5xt.png Fig. 2. -X Process Panel for a Coalition Search and Rescue Task https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cooperation-between-i-x-and-kaos-in-the-process-of-1jgvxne0.png Fig. 3. Cooperation between I-X and KAoS in the process of semantic workflow composition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-interface-of-the-owl-policy-editor-and-2ei9r8ah.png Fig. 1. Graphical interface of the OWL policy editor and administration tool: KPAT. https://scispace.com/papers/applications-of-two-photon-microscopy-in-the-neurosciences-1i6gjas6ej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2pp-of-dm-nitrophen-in-dissociated-culture-of-rat-rqenub1j.png Figure 5. 2PP of DM-nitrophen in dissociated culture of rat hippocampal neurons. A: A short 2PP exposure of a cultured hippocampal neuron held at –70 mV (a) leads to a spatially restricted artificial Ca++ spark (ACS) peaking at ~150 nM, which dissipates within a few hundred milliseconds, extending spatially not more than 20 µm. (b) shows the line scan image, (c) the 3D surface plot of the line scan of the ACS. B: A Ca++ transient elicited by a single action potential reaches similar Ca++ concentrations, but is spatially less confined as the action potential propagates into the adjacent dendrite. (b) The line scan image, (c) The 3D surface plot of the line scan of the Ca++ transient. The intracellular solution contained (in mM): K-Gluconate 120, KCl 20, K-ATP 4, Fluo-3 0.1, CaCl2 0.25, DM-nitrophen 1. The superfusate consisted of (in mM): NaCl 150, KCl 4, glucose 30, CaCl2 2, MgCl2 2, HEPES 5, Na-pyruvate 2, and - in order to reduce spontaneous activity, which could lead to Ca++ entry, TTX 1,5 µM, bicuculline 20 µM, strychnine 5 µM and amino-5-phosphopentatonic acid (APV) 50 µM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-network-ca-oscillations-recorded-in-rat-temporal-19psxe3u.png Figure 3. Network Ca++ oscillations recorded in rat temporal cortex. A: 2PLSM image from a temporal cortex slice of a 3 days old rat loaded with fura2-AM. The region in the shaded box is shown in (B) at a higher magnification. B: High-resolution 2PLSM image layer 2/3 showing individual neurons of and their projections. Cell 1 and 2 Ca++ measurements are shown in (C). Arrowheads indicate where dendritic line-scan recording has been performed. C: Somatic and dendritic Ca++ recordings (∆F/F) of the two cells marked in (B). Majority of Ca++ waves are synchronous. Diamonds indicate asynchronous Ca++ transients. Reproduced (with permission) from Garaschuk et al. 2000 (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-term-in-vivo-imaging-of-dendrites-in-rodent-2h7gika4.png Figure 1. Long-term in vivo imaging of dendrites in rodent barrel and visual cortex. A: In vivo time-lapse imaging of dendritic segment in rat barrel cortex acquired over eight sequential days. Examples of transient, semi-stable, and stable spines indicated with blue, red, and yellow arrowheads respectively. Scale bar, 5 µm (21). B: In vivo imaging of dendritic segment in visual cortex showing abundance of filopodia indicated by arrows, in a 3 weeks old mouse (top panel), and their absence in a 4 month old mouse (bottom panel) (23). C: Summary graph showing fraction of spines turnover in function of age from both groups. Reproduced (with permission) from Meyer et al. 2003 (26). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dual-channel-2plsm-imaging-showing-the-influence-of-2snjqvt6.png Figure 4. Dual-channel 2PLSM imaging showing the influence of BDNF in dendritic complexity. A and C: Dendritic branching increases when GFP-recipient neurons are in close proximity to RFP-BDNF donor neuron. Boxes enlarged in B and D, respectively. E: Control neurons expressing only RFP did not increase dendritic complexity in GFP-recipient neurons. F: High-magnification of neuron E. Scale bars 10 µm. Reproduced (with permission) from Horch and Katz 2002 (69). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-resolution-2plsm-imaging-of-rat-p11-13-barrel-27u3b4h5.png Figure 2. High-resolution 2PLSM imaging of rat (P11-13) barrel cortex neurons infected in vivo with Sindbis virus containing the gene for EGFP. A: 2PLSM image of cluster of infected layer 2 neurons (blue arrow heads) with basal dendrites (right panel). Note the cross-sections of thick apical dendrites belonging to deep pyramidal cells (orange arrowheads). B: Histological analysis of the injection site. Brightfield image of layer 4 tangential flattened section stained for cytochrome oxydase (thickness 100 µm) showing the arrangement of the barrel field. Infected neurons appear as dark spots (arrow). C: Schematic representation of the barrel cortex field. D: Fluorescence image of B and an enlargement of the section showing infected neurons. E: High-resolution 2PLSM images showing apparent contact between a spine and an axon. Four optical sections separated by 1 µm are shown. Reproduced (with permission) from Lendvai et al. 2000 (20). https://scispace.com/papers/applying-machine-learning-to-evaluate-for-fibrosis-in-nkpbej0xc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-steps-to-build-and-evaluate-ml-2dvbwb5l.png Figure 1: Flowchart of the steps to build and evaluate ML classifier models. “n” indicates the number of observations (rows) in the dataset (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-evaluation-parameters-for-xgb-a-with-soedx2qa.png Table 2: Comparison of evaluation parameters for XGB-A with laboratory diagnostic testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-selected-features-in-the-dataset-fshku79l.png Table 1: Summary of the selected features in the dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagnostic-evaluation-of-the-extent-of-fibrosis-in-1xuch090.png Figure 2: Diagnostic evaluation of the extent of fibrosis in patients in the Egyptian HCV cohort dataset using various machine learning classification algorithms. Results shown are from six machine learning models: DT, Decision Tree; RF, Random Forest, XGB, Extreme Gradient Boosting; kNN, k-Nearest Neighbor; SVM, Support Vector Machine; Ens., Ensemble Method. The evaluation parameters plotted are Acc, accuracy; AUC, AUROC; Sen, sensitivity; Spe, specificity. The results corresponding to Experiment C using SVM were deemed unfit for evaluation and are excluded. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-evaluation-of-range-nearest-neighbor-queries-izcu6bsa8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-inverted-lists-257tq5us.png Fig. 7. Inverted lists https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-number-of-objects-7cngna43.png Fig. 11. Number of objects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-object-size-1xqdtecb.png Fig. 12. Object size https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-base-level-of-an-incomplete-pyramid-structure-3p335vrv.png Fig. 3. The base level of an incomplete pyramid structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-query-region-size-vklz3kx4.png Fig. 10. Query region size https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-motivating-example-17vh81dz.png Fig. 1. A motivating example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-1wr1pkix.png Table 1. Parameter settings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-approximation-tolerance-levels-k-1wx6371s.png Fig. 9. Approximation tolerance levels (k) https://scispace.com/papers/approach-to-first-order-exact-solutions-of-the-ablowitz-5g0ueo0u80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-transversely-periodic-solution-of-the-a-l-26zp129j.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Transversely periodic solution of the A-L equation given by Eq. (14). The evolution starts with a constant background q, slightly modulated, then the modulation increases to reach its maximum at t = 0 and finally the solution returns back to the original background, q. Here, q = 1 and κ = π3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-rational-solution-of-the-first-order-23hjfqva.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Rational solution of the first order defined by Eq. (21). Here, q = 1. The maximum amplitude is 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-soliton-on-a-background-defined-by-eqs-18-11jua9i2.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Soliton on a background defined by Eqs. (18) and (19). Here, q = 1 and κ2 = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/applying-the-generalized-additive-main-effects-and-3wg5zif9td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-van-eeuwijks-algorithm-for-modelling-gammi-adapted-347f9w7o.png Fig. 1. van Eeuwijk’s algorithm for modelling GAMMI, adapted from Sumertajaya (2007). *Analysis of Deviance (ANODEV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-deviance-anodev-for-proportion-of-grey-3g2d3enq.png Table 4. Analysis of deviance (ANODEV) for proportion of grey leaf spot severity, using model 2 with logit link function and variance function Var(μ) = [μ(1−μ)]2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-box-plot-of-environments-and-genotypes-showing-the-3pbd88nc.png Fig. 2. Box plot of environments and genotypes showing the distribution of grey leaf spot severity. Locations: Campo Mourão (CM), Goiânia (GO), Goianésia (GS), Jataí (JT), Londrina (LD), Ponta Grossa (PG), Planaltina (PL), Patos de Minas (PM) and São Sebastião do Paraíso (SP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphical-diagnoses-for-the-quasi-likelihood-models-30zo1wj2.png Fig. 3. Graphical diagnoses for the quasi-likelihood models: Standardized deviance residuals/linear predictor, index, and Normal QQ plots; index (i), where i is the sequential order in which the values yi were measured (proportion or percentage leaf area severity affected on plot for genotypes). (Ai) Model 1, link function logit and variance function V(μ) = μ(1− μ); (Bi) Model 2, logit link function and variance function V(μ) = [μ(1− μ)]2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-genotypes-positively-or-negatively-associated-with-lvcc2bg7.png Table 7. Genotypes positively or negatively associated with specific environments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-codes-and-geographic-coordinates-for-the-locations-2k1ij756.png Table 1. Codes and geographic coordinates for the locations in which maize genotypes were evaluated https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cont-1oz5a22u.png Table 6. (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-complete-variance-analyses-of-the-means-according-to-1jqgvc7l.png Table 2. Complete variance analyses of the means according to Gollob (1968) https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-hedging-with-constant-proportional-transaction-3v0x7u0ode 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-corrected-hedging-error-of-lepinette-strategy-1rk6mct5.png Figure 6: Corrected hedging error of Lépinette strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-sequences-lj-and-tj-34zcef6a.png Figure 7: Two sequences (λj) and (tj) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-empirical-density-of-the-normalized-corrected-1nxupvav.png Figure 4: Empirical density of the normalized corrected hedging error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-empirical-density-of-the-normalized-corrected-16ekbkfw.png Figure 5: Empirical density of the normalized corrected hedging error Lépinette strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-variance-of-leland-strategy-and-its-normalized-3dc8bept.png Figure 1: Mean-variance of Leland strategy and its normalized corrected hedging error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-option-price-at-time-t-0-33540qok.png Figure 3: Option price at time t = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-variance-of-leland-strategy-and-its-normalized-2kl692o4.png Figure 2: Mean-variance of Leland strategy and its normalized corrected hedging error https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-local-dirichlet-to-neumann-map-for-three-4cp6tgiiip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diffraction-of-incident-plane-s-waves-by-a-unit-zvydtjc3.png Figure 2: Diffraction of incident plane S-waves by a unit sphere (κs = 16π): modulus of the coefficients αexm and αappm,ε (left), βexm and β app https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffraction-of-incident-plane-s-waves-by-a-unit-br4u9h89.png Figure 1: Diffraction of incident plane S-waves by a unit sphere (κs = 16π): modulus of the coefficients αexm and αappm (left), βexm and β app https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diffraction-of-plane-p-waves-s-waves-and-p-s-waves-l08j8kzz.png Figure 5: Diffraction of plane P-waves, S-waves and P/S-waves by a unit sphere (for κs = 8π and κs = 16π): comparison of the SCS for the analytical solution, the analytical OSRC-based solution and the OSRC-based solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-description-of-the-two-tests-used-for-the-scattering-io9d2tqu.png Table 5: Description of the two tests used for the scattering by an ellipsoid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diffraction-of-incident-plane-p-waves-by-a-unit-39bqp4ta.png Figure 6: Diffraction of incident plane P-waves by a unit sphere (κs = 4π): study of the effect of the parameters εp and εs. The SCS approximations if no regularization is added and if some regularization is added are compared with the analytic solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-diffraction-of-plane-p-waves-and-s-waves-by-an-1eizd5ok.png Figure 7: Diffraction of plane P-waves and S-waves by an ellipsoid (κs = 8π): comparison of the SCS for the OSRC-based solution and the spectral method-based solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diffraction-of-plane-p-waves-first-row-and-s-waves-1v64acdm.png Figure 4: Diffraction of plane P-waves (first row) and S-waves (second row) by a unit sphere (κs = 8π): comparison of the Neumann traces of the scattered field (left: analytical solution, center: analytical OSRC-based solution and right: computed OSRC-based solution). For the P-wave (resp. S-wave) only the first component (resp. third component) is represented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diffraction-of-an-incident-plane-s-wave-by-a-unit-1m0o1a3s.png Table 1: Diffraction of an incident plane S-wave by a unit sphere: ‖αapp − αPade‖ vs θ and N . https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-policy-iteration-a-survey-and-some-new-methods-8shpryahyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-the-transition-mechanism-for-multistep-1dlkwm2t.png Figure 4.2. The transition mechanism for multistep aggregation. It is based on a dynamical system involving aggregate states, and k transitions between original system states in between transitions from and to aggregate states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-illustration-of-the-transition-mechanism-of-a-1zu27du7.png Figure 4.1. Illustration of the transition mechanism of a dynamical system involving both aggregate and original system states. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-stochastic-response-of-hysteretic-system-with-1cshted07p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-displacement-of-the-hardening-bouc-wen-system-56oa20kg.png Fig. 2 Displacement of the hardening Bouc-Wen system subjected to combined excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-displacement-of-the-hardening-bouc-wen-system-17epvm9r.png Fig. 8 Displacement of the hardening Bouc-Wen system subjected to combined excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-displacement-of-the-softening-bouc-wen-system-rs92i840.png Fig. 7 Displacement of the softening Bouc-Wen system subjected to combined excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-standard-deviation-of-the-stochastic-response-291vqb64.png Fig. 6 Standard deviation of the stochastic response component of softening and hardening Bouc-Wen systems subjected to combined stochastic excitation and harmonic excitation with different fractional orders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-standard-deviation-of-the-stochastic-response-1bpsqcxp.png Fig. 11 Standard deviation of the stochastic response component of softening and hardening Bouc-Wen systems subjected to combined stochastic excitation and harmonic excitation with different fractional orders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-displacement-of-the-softening-bouc-wen-system-fa3rxxad.png Fig. 1 Displacement of the softening Bouc-Wen system subjected to combined excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-amplitude-of-the-deterministic-response-component-of-3u6b8kle.png Fig. 10 Amplitude of the deterministic response component of a softening Bouc-Wen system subjected to combined stochastic excitation and harmonic excitation with different frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-standard-deviation-of-the-stochastic-response-3gqm75gz.png Fig. 9 Standard deviation of the stochastic response component of a softening Bouc-Wen system subjected to combined stochastic excitation and harmonic excitation with different frequencies https://scispace.com/papers/aqueous-solution-behavior-of-stimulus-responsive-poly-2o5i8qquca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-dynamic-light-scattering-dls-studies-of-a-0-10-1u4sabv1.png Figure 4. (a) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies of a 0.10 % aqueous dispersion of PMAA50-PHPMA237 nanoparticles at 25 °C. The large increase in hydrodynamic diameter observed below pH 6.3 is consistent with the onset of turbidity and observation of macroscopic precipitation below pH 6.3. (b) Zeta potential vs. pH curve obtained for a 0.10% aqueous dispersion of PMAA50-PHPMA237 nanoparticles. Inset digital photograph shows (left) the turbid dispersion obtained below the pKa for the PMAA50-PHPMA237 diblock copolymer and (right) the relatively transparent dispersion formed above this pKa. In both sets of experiments, the solution pH was adjusted using dilute aqueous solutions of either NaOH or HCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thf-gpc-curves-recorded-for-a-pmaa50-phpma237-lzvvz5nt.png Figure 2. THF GPC curves recorded for a PMAA50-PHPMA237 diblock copolymer (and its corresponding PMAA50 precursor, after exhaustive methylation to form PMMA50) prepared at 20% w/w solids via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of PHPMA at 70 °C. Mn values are expressed relative to a series of near-monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) calibration standards. Evolution of Mn and Mw/Mn with HPMA monomer conversion observed for this PISA synthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-nmr-spectra-illustrating-the-gradual-3pz15y0k.png Figure 1. 1H NMR spectra illustrating the gradual disappearance in the vinyl monomer signals at ~ 6 ppm and concomitant appearance of methacrylic backbone signals (0 – 2.5 ppm). (a) Full conversion of HPMA to afford PMAA50PHPMA237 after 150 min, (b) 23% HPMA conversion after 60 min, (c) original PMAA precursor, (d) Conversion vs. time curve and corresponding semilogarithmic plot indicating that the HPMA polymerization is complete within 2 h at 70 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-transmission-electron-microscopy-images-recorded-1c2ttajo.png Figure 8. (a) Transmission electron microscopy images recorded after drying 0.10% aqueous dispersions of PMAA50-PHPMA237 nanoparticles at pH 10 at temperatures ranging from 2 °C to 50 °C. (b) Effect of varying the solution temperature on mean particle diameter as determined by TEM (green data set) and DLS (black data set) studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-in-a-intensity-average-diameter-and-count-1ez1aeaw.png Figure 7. Variation in (a) intensity-average diameter and count rate and (b) polydispersity index (PDI) with temperature as determined by DLS studies of a 0.10% w/w aqueous dispersion of PMAA50-PHPMA237 nanoparticles at pH 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-transmission-electron-microscopy-images-of-pmaa50-3fka5zxz.png Figure 5. (a) Transmission electron microscopy images of PMAA50-PHPMA237 nanoparticles dried from 0.10 % aqueous solution between pH 5.5 and pH 10.5. (b) Variation of the mean particle diameter for these PMAA50-PHPMA237 nanoparticles as a function of pH as determined by TEM and DLS, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/aqueous-biphasic-systems-a-benign-route-using-cholinium-nf4qg3z0dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-partition-coefficients-of-the-three-antibiotics-forms-3hvimtp0.png Fig. 5 Partition coefficients of the three antibiotics forms at 298 K. The overall biphasic region mixture contains 30 wt% of [Ch]Cl, [Ch][Ac] or [Ch][Lev] + 20 wt% of K3PO4 and 30 wt% of [Ch][Glu] or [Ch][Suc] + 27 wt% of K3PO4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-the-cholinium-based-ionic-3fdi210g.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of the cholinium based ionic liquids studied: (i) cholinium chloride ([Ch]Cl); (ii) cholinium acetate ([Ch][Ac]); (iii) cholinium levulinate ([Ch][Lev]); (iv) cholinium glutarate ([Ch][Glu]); (v) cholinium salicylate ([Ch][Sal]); (vi) cholinium succinate ([Ch][Suc]); (vii) benzyldimethyl(2 hydro xyethyl)ammonium chloride ([BCh]Cl). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-partition-coefficients-of-tetracycline-hcl-and-4pu3secl.png Fig. 6 Partition coefficients of tetracycline?HCl and ciprofloxacin?HCl in the system composed of [Ch]Cl + K3PO4 at 298 K and at different mixture compositions; K = ‘ represents complete extraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-diagrams-of-the-ternary-systems-composed-of-skdypk8u.png Fig. 2 Phase diagrams of the ternary systems composed of K3PO4 + cholinium based ionic liquid + H2O at 298 K: (#) [Ch]Cl; (+) [Ch]Ac; (%) [Ch][Suc]; (r) [Ch][Glu]; (m) [Ch][Lev]; ( ) [BCh]Cl; ($) [Ch][Sal]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-parameters-of-eqn-1-adjusted-to-the-134lqgqy.png Table 1 Correlation parameters of eqn (1) adjusted to the binodal experimental data (also a standard error of estimate, s, and correlation coefficients, R2) at 298 K https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-weight-fraction-compositions-wt-for-the-2df7i2x1.png Table 2 Experimental weight fraction compositions (wt%) for the TLs and TLLs, and compositions of ionic liquid and K3PO4 at the top phase (T), initial mixture (M) and bottom phase (B) at 298 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-diagram-for-the-ternary-system-composed-of-ch-cl-3nfo81ck.png Fig. 3 Phase diagram for the ternary system composed of [Ch]Cl + K3PO4 + H2O at 298 K: (#) binodal curve data; ($) TL data; ( ) adjusted data through eqn (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-molecular-structures-of-the-antibiotics-i-tetracycline-3949gx84.png Fig. 4 Molecular structures of the antibiotics: (i) tetracycline; (ii) tetracycline?HCl; (iii) ciprofloxacin?HCl. https://scispace.com/papers/aqueous-suspension-processing-of-multicomponent-submicronic-4t9awwv4nn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-commercial-powders-employed-in-i6ldip22.png Table 1. Characteristics of commercial powders employed in this research. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-particle-size-distribution-of-the-different-powders-32lcyven.png Fig. 1 Particle size distribution of the different powders. □: Al2O3, ●: SiC, △: Y-TZP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-micrographs-showing-the-morphology-as-the-as-received-3iblxryz.png Fig. 2 Micrographs showing the morphology as the as-received powders as observed by FEG-ESEM for Y-TZP (a,d), Al2O3 (b,e), and SiC (c,f) powders at two magnification, 20000x (a,b,c) and 50000x (d,e,f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-feg-esem-micrographs-for-coatings-obtained-from-10-3pot6lt2.png Fig. 11 FEG-ESEM micrographs for coatings obtained from 10 vol.% suspensions at high magnifications, and EDX corresponding to different areas of the coatings. a, b) Coatings obtained with 6 and 12 wt% of silicon carbide respectively, c, d and e) EDX analysis of different areas observed in the matrix of the coatings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-xrd-patterns-of-the-ceramic-coatings-resulting-from-ytawywg8.png Fig. 12 XRD patterns of the ceramic coatings resulting from the multicomponent suspension SAZ (10 vol.%) with 3 min of sonication. a) Coating with 6 wt% of SiC and b) Coating with 12 wt% of SiC. Bold circle corresponds to the peak of alpha silicon carbide, hollow circle to peaks of alpha alumina, and bold square to peaks of tetragonal Y-TZP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flow-curves-of-the-diluted-suspensions-prepared-at-10-15hmr3gu.png Fig. 8 Flow curves of the diluted suspensions prepared at 10 vol.% solid with different sonication times. a) Suspension of alumina and dispersed with 0.2 wt% of PAA, b) Suspension of yttria stabilised zirconia and dispersed with 0.2 wt% of PAA and c) Suspension of silicon carbide and dispersed with 1.5 wt% of PKV. The number at the right of each curve denotes the sonication time in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-thixotropy-and-viscosity-measured-at-1000-2u4fohbl.png Table 5. Values of thixotropy and viscosity (measured at 1000 s−1 shear rate in uploading step) of the diluted suspensions (10 vol.%) of alumina and zirconia with and without SiC sonicated for 1 min. The contents of deflocculant were 0.2 wt% PAA for the oxides and 1.5 wt% PKV for SiC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flow-curves-of-the-diluted-suspensions-of-189piagp.png Fig. 9 Flow curves of the diluted suspensions of multicomponent (Al2O3, Y-TZP and SiC) prepared at 10 vol.% solid with two minutes of sonication time for different silicon carbide content. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-universal-relations-for-neutron-stars-and-quark-38wr7pgkes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-36-a-phase-diagram-showing-the-corresponding-strength-of-3gjr3n50.png Fig. 36. A phase diagram showing the corresponding strength of the gravitational potential and (the square root of) the curvature of systems probed for tests of General Relativity with Solar System experiments (green circles), binary pulsar observations (magenta triangles), a black hole-LMXB observation (orange square) and gravitational wave observations (red lines). For reference, we also show the region that can be probed with future pulsar time arrays (shaded blue region). Observe that certain binary pulsar observations allow one to probe regions that have a stronger curvature than the GW150914 and GW151226 black hole binaries. Observe also that the gravitational wave sources are shown by lines instead of points, which indicate that such sources are highly dynamical, leading to extreme field tests of gravity. Source: This figure is taken and edited from Yunes et al. [382]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-top-universal-l3-l2-left-and-l4-l2-right-relations-208t9z0l.png Fig. 12. (Top) Universal λ̄3–λ̄2 (left) and λ̄4–λ̄2 (right) relations for neutron stars (red) and quark stars (green) with various realistic equations of state. We also present the relations with the n = 1 (blue) and n = 0 (black) polytropes and their Newtonian limit (dashed and dotted–dashed). Solid curves show the fit for each of the neutron star and quark star sequence. Top axes show the neutron star mass for the APR equation of state. (Bottom) Fractional difference from the fit. Observe that the relations are universal to O(10%). Source: This figure is taken and edited from Yagi [247]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-left-fractional-difference-in-s1-from-the-black-hole-2fu0gnmz.png Fig. 19. (Left) Fractional difference in S̄1 from the black hole value as a function of the fractional difference in the stellar compactness for isotropic neutron stars with various equations of state. Observe that slopes of these curves are similar for (CBH − C)/CBH ≲ 0.7. (Right) Scaling exponent of S̄1 defined in Eq. (97) as a function of the fractional difference in the compactness from the black hole value for a constant density, anisotropic star with λBL = −2π . Such a scaling exponent is extracted from the analytic expression in Eq. (96). Observe that the exponent approaches 2 (black dashed) as one approaches the black hole limit (τ → 0). Source: The right panel of this figure is taken and edited from Yagi and Yunes [281]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-schematic-diagram-of-the-stellar-phase-space-compact-3tghvbj8.png Fig. 20. Schematic diagram of the stellar phase space. Compact objects live in one corner of this space, while non-compact stars live in another corner. As one flows from the latter to the former, degrees of freedom other than the polytropic index and compactness are suppressed. Then, an approximate self-similarity in isodensity contours emerges, which is responsible for the universality in no-hair relations for compact stars. Source: This figure is taken from Yagi et al. [274]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-32-left-fractional-measurement-accuracy-of-l2-s-with-red-dup0j5mx.png Fig. 32. (Left) Fractional measurement accuracy of λ̄2,s with (red solid) and without (red dashed) using the binary Love relation, and λ̄2,1 (green solid) as a function of m1 using Adv. LIGO. We assume that Adv. LIGO detects gravitational wave signals from non-spinning neutron star binaries with a mass ratio q = 0.9, an signal-to-noise ratio of 30, where the correct equation of state is AP4. Observe that the binary Love relation reduces the measurement error by approximately an order of magnitude. (Right) The relation between λ̄2,1 and m1 for three different classes of the equations of state, namely soft (red dashed region), intermediate (green dashed region) and stiff (blue dashed region). Within each class, we picked a fiducial equation of state and show 2-σ error bars with the same condition as in the left panel (except for the equations of state). Observe that one can distinguish the stiff class easily, while one needs low-mass neutron star observations to distinguish the soft and intermediate classes. Source: This figure is taken and edited from Yagi and Yunes [112,253]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-the-coefficients-bn-against-the-polytropic-index-n-210lt913.png Fig. 5. (Top) The coefficients B̄n,ℓ against the polytropic index n for various ℓ obtained numerically (solid) and analytically (dashed). The latter is obtained by solving the perturbed Lane–Emden equation about n = 0. (Bottom) Fractional difference of the numerical results for various n from the average ⟨n⟩ = 0.65. Observe that the coefficients are universal to O(10%). Source: This figure is taken and modified from Bretz et al. [175]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-top-i-q-left-and-i-love-right-relations-in-eibi-nx7fif9q.png Fig. 27. (Top) I–Q (left) and I–Love (right) relations in EiBI gravity with four representative equations of state and three coupling constants ζEiBI . The top axis shows the neutron starmasses with the APR equation of state in General Relativity. (Bottom) Fractional difference from the relationswith AP4. Observe that the universality becomes better (worse) than the General Relativistic one for positive (negative) ζEiBI . Source: These figures are adapted from the data presented in Sham et al. [362]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-the-i-love-relation-in-general-relativity-black-solid-3tqu634y.png Fig. 37. The I–Love relation in General Relativity (black solid) and dCS gravity with a fixed dCS coupling constant of ξCS/M4 = 1.78 × 104 (blue solid) and ξCS/M4 = 1.46 × 104 (red solid). For reference, the top axis shows the neutron star mass using the Shen equation of state. The shaded areas show the expected error regions from the future measurements of Ī with radio double binary pulsar observations (black dotted) and λ̄(0)2 withm0 = 1.338M⊙ using gravitational wave observations of neutron star binaries with (1.2, 1.4)M⊙ and a signal-to-noise ratio of 30, assuming that the measurement is consistent with General Relativity. The blue dotted–dashed (red dashed) vertical lines correspond to measurement accuracy of λ̄(0)2 without (with) the universal λ̄ (1) 2 –λ̄ (0) 2 relation. Source: This figure was taken and edited from Yagi and Yunes [253]. https://scispace.com/papers/aral-an-online-tool-for-source-code-snapshot-metadata-3c1pyzen7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-2-2-contingency-table-for-exercise-x-v1-and-final-2j8p475b.png Figure 2: A 2 2 Contingency Table for Exercise X (V1) and Final Exam Question Y (V2): another way of interpreting a contingency table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-exercises-with-the-highest-correlation-to-ftnal-2ozffdg2.png Table 6: The exercises with the highest correlation to ftnal exam questions 2, 3 and 4, where the sole criterion is whether a student answered the exercise successfully; the number of attempts prior to success is ignored. No exercises correlated signiftcantly (p < 0.05) with ftnal exam question 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-exercises-with-the-highest-correlation-to-ftnal-3ddhx9i7.png Table 7: The exercises with the highest correlation to ftnal exam questions 2, 3 and 4, when the number of attempts by students is considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-2-by-2-contingency-table-constructed-based-on-two-1obq0g2j.png Table 1: A 2 by 2 contingency table constructed based on two variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-data-entry-page-for-contingency-table-analysis-33oscz0k.png Figure 1: The data entry page for contingency table analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-brief-list-of-quantitative-metrics-evaluated-based-zqvhxl3b.png Table 2: A brief list of quantitative metrics evaluated based on the values extracted from the contingency table. https://scispace.com/papers/arc-instabilities-during-split-anode-calorimetry-with-the-3wt1pwq6t6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-schematic-split-anode-current-distribution-note-that-3djaw415.png Fig. 7 a - Schematic split anode current distribution (note that the shaded area represents the total current or heat F(x) supplied to anode 2); b radial density distribution function f(r). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-symmetric-and-uniform-anode-surface-oxidation-of-3ll02pxe.png Fig. 11 Symmetric and uniform anode surface oxidation of welding sequence plotted in Fig. 10. Reference nozzle; I = 50A; ETWD = 3.0 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-high-definition-camera-reference-weld-images-100znjca.png Fig. 10 High definition camera reference weld images virtually revealing axial symmetry whilst arc traversing the split plane. I = 50A; ETWD = 3.0 mm. Note that from a – c the arc is approaching and crossing the split interface; i.e. section a, is 0.45 mm before; b is close to the centre (0.04 mm) and c shows the arc after crossing the split plane (0.55 mm). Sections 𝒂′ – 𝒄′ depict appropriately modified image resolutions (reduced grey colour depth: 16 colours 4 BPPc). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-high-definition-camera-reference-weld-images-i-100a-1xpcswuk.png Fig. 14 High definition camera reference weld images. I = 100A; ETWD = 6.0 mm. Note that from a – c the arc is approaching and crossing the split interface; i.e. section a, is 0.47 mm before; b is close to the centre (0.07 mm) and c shows the arc after crossing the split plane (0.53 mm). Sections 𝒂′ – 𝒄′ depict appropriately modified image resolutions (reduced grey colour depth: 16 colours 4 BPP). Note images labelled similarly to Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-symmetrically-shaped-tig-arc-at-i-100-a-b-arc-27bcskm3.png Fig. 1 a – symmetrically shaped TIG arc at I = 100 A; b – arc deflection at I = 50A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-high-definition-camera-reference-weld-images-3fn83wcv.png Fig. 13 High definition camera reference weld images revealing axial symmetry whilst arc traversing the split plane. I = 100A; ETWD = 3.0 mm. Note that from a – c the arc is approaching and crossing the split interface; i.e. section a, is 0.65 mm before; b is close to the centre (0.05 mm) and c shows the arc after crossing the split plane (0.55 mm). Sections 𝒂′ – 𝒄′ depict appropriately modified image resolutions (reduced grey colour depth: 16 colours 4 BPP). Note images labelled similarly to Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characteristic-current-distribution-of-a-50-a-tig-arc-3ud0u39p.png Fig. 3 Characteristic current distribution of a 50 A TIG arc as a function of the arc position. Note that zero on the x-axis indicates the anode split plane interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-split-anode-calorimeter-principle-38-1onax78g.png Fig. 2 Split anode calorimeter principle[38]. https://scispace.com/papers/architecture-and-design-of-distributed-embedded-systems-mxfms86wp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sequence-diagram-gk9l61xa.png Figure 4: Sequence diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-use-case-diagram-n2d1bxa2.png Figure 2. Use case diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-shobi-pn-v2-0-specification-net-3o0fntb4.png Figure 6: A shobi-PN v2.0 specification net. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-object-diagram-of-the-hidro-lines-system-13i7hrc9.png Figure 3. Object diagram of the HIDRO lines system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scenery-diagram-3idbq0as.png Figure 5: Scenery diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/architecture-of-rifted-continental-margins-and-break-up-53fmeb1uzb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-south-atlantic-campos-kwanza-vs-red-sea-gulf-of-3br1at12.png Table II: South Atlantic (Campos – Kwanza) vs. Red Sea / Gulf of Aden conjugate divergent margins https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-north-atlantic-newfoundland-iberia-vs-south-atlantic-ly4l0hc2.png Table I: North Atlantic (Newfoundland – Iberia) vs. South Atlantic (Campos – Kwanza) https://scispace.com/papers/arctic-warming-and-your-weather-public-belief-in-the-4q9jau1ld1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-probability-of-major-effects-response-as-eo554ok8.png Figure 2: Predicted probability of “major effects” response as function of education and political party (left) and 2-day temperature anomaly (right), adjusting for other predictors in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-believe-arctic-warming-would-have-major-effects-on-3a4ako4f.png Figure 1: Believe Arctic warming would have major effects on the weather where you live, by individual characteristics, temperature and survey. P values are probabilities from design-based F tests for null hypothesis of no association. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-belief-that-arctic-warming-would-have-18p8k3i2.png Table 2: Predictors of belief that Arctic warming would have major effects on weather where you live. Results from probability-weighted logit regression (estimation sample n = 1,551). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-survey-responses-shown-with-1kosyhpr.png Table 1: Variable definitions. Survey responses shown with codes used for modeling, and with probability-weighted percentages or means (n = 1,678). https://scispace.com/papers/architecture-of-shoreface-to-deep-water-systems-in-segmented-3ct03yg180 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-chronostratigraphic-correlation-with-gamma-ray-logs-2n0srsep.png Fig. 9. Chronostratigraphic correlation with gamma-ray logs and facies association interpretation based on conventional core description from the Lomre Terrace (left) to the Uer Terrace (right). The section is flattened to the top of Callovian. Section location in Fig. 2. Abbreviations: BCU, Base Cretaceous Unconformity; BTU, Base Tithonian Unconformity; BKU, Base Kimmeridgian Unconformity; BOU, Base Oxfordian Unconformity; F.A., facies association; TVD, total vertical depth; Bj, Bajocian; Bt, Bathonian; Ca, Callovian; Ox, Oxfordian; Ki, Kimmeridgian; Ti, Tithonian. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-south-to-north-seismic-line-showing-upper-jurassic-2lsjuigc.png Fig. 14. South-to-north seismic line showing Upper Jurassic stratigraphic patterns from the Lomre Terrace to the Ryggsteinen Ridge. Section location in Fig. 2. The seismic profile is corresponding to well section in Fig. 11. Abbreviations: TWT, two-way-time; Bj, Bajocian; Bt, Bathonian; Ca, Callovian; Ox, Oxfordian; Ki, Kimmeridgian; Ti, Tithonian; BCU, Base Cretaceous unconformity; BTU, base Tithonian unconformity; BKU, base Kimmeridgian unconformity; BOU, based Oxfordian unconformity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lithological-facies-classification-and-2urbd69k.png Table 1 Lithological facies classification and interpretation of Upper Jurassic syn-rift deposits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-of-multi-order-rift-segmentation-in-1spf9e5l.png Fig. 1. Conceptual model of multi-order rift segmentation in the northern North Sea. Note that two major fault transfer zones primarily divided the Jurassic rift system into three segments (C1, C2, and C3). Individual rift segments were secondarily segmented by Jurassic oblique-slip faults. (a) The distribution of simplified fault segments and proposed rift segmentations; (b) The Jurassic oblique-rifting strain field and associated fault populations. Modified after Zhong and Escalona (in press). Abbreviations: HUFTZ, Horda–Uer Fault Transfer Zone; RSFTZ, Ryggsteinen–Sogn Fault Transfer Zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sedimentological-logs-of-well-36-7-1-with-shoreface-3h67y8k3.png Fig. 5. Sedimentological logs of well 36/7-1 with shoreface facies associations. Well location in Fig. 2. Abbreviations: Br, burrows; Sch, Schaubcylindrichnus; Sf, shell fragment; F. A., facies association; mfs, marine flooding surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2ir91lhh.png Table 1 Lithological facies classification and interpretation of Upper Jurassic syn-rift deposits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sedimentological-logs-of-well-35-11-6-showing-3hjmvuhp.png Fig. 8. Sedimentological logs of well 35/11-6 showing submarine stacking middle–inner fan facies associations. Well location in Fig. 2. Abbreviations: Cc, claystone clast as pointed by white arrows; F. A., facies association; mfs, marine flooding surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-northwest-to-southeast-seismic-line-showing-upper-2dvjlzjk.png Fig. 13. Northwest-to-southeast seismic line showing Upper Jurassic stratigraphic patterns from the Marflo Spur, via the Ryggsteinen Ridge, to the Uer Terrace. Section location in Fig. 2. The seismic profile is corresponding to well section in Fig. 10. Abbreviations: TWT, two-way-time; Bj, Bajocian; Bt, Bathonian; Ca, Callovian; Ox, Oxfordian; Ki, Kimmeridgian; Ti, Tithonian; BCU, Base Cretaceous unconformity; BTU, base Tithonian unconformity; BKU, base Kimmeridgian unconformity. https://scispace.com/papers/are-early-summer-wildfires-an-opportunity-to-revegetate-3c5209tke3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean6-se-cover-of-plant-functional-groups-and-bare-f1hw95yl.png Figure 3. Mean6 SE cover of plant functional groups and bare ground in medusahead-invaded plant communities that were drill-seeded after an early summer wildfires (burn and seed) or nontreated (control) in southeast Oregon. Control plots were not burned and not seeded. Total indicates total herbaceous vegetation excluding exotic annual grasses. Different lowercase letters indicate differences between treatments in individual years (P, 0.05). Note that scale differs among figure panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean6-se-cover-of-plant-functional-groups-in-3m1b5fdc.png Figure 2. Mean6 SE cover of plant functional groups in medusahead-invaded plant communities that were drill-seeded after an early summer wildfires (burn and seed) or nontreated (control) in southeast Oregon. Control plots were not burned and not seeded. Perennial grass cover was the sum of introduced and native perennial grass (excluding Sandberg bluegrass) cover values. Different lowercase letters indicate differences between treatments in individual years (P, 0.05). Note that scale differs among figure panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean6-se-density-of-plant-functional-groups-in-1062k338.png Figure 1. Mean6 SE density of plant functional groups in medusahead-invaded plant communities that were drill-seeded after an early summer wildfires (burn and seed) or nontreated (control) in southeast Oregon. Control plots were not burned and not seeded. Perennial grass density was the sum of introduced and native perennial grass (excluding Sandberg bluegrass) densities. Different lowercase letters indicate differences between treatments in individual years (P, 0.05). Note that scale differs among figure panels. https://scispace.com/papers/are-ethical-codes-of-conduct-toothless-tigers-for-dealing-38fhkvb5eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-numbers-of-selected-outgroup-candidates-for-2bevuvjk.png Figure 2. Mean numbers of selected outgroup candidates for condition 1 (control), condition 2 (supervisor advice to prefer ingroup candidates), condition 3 (supervisor advice to prefer ingroup candidates + codes of conduct), and condition 4 (supervisor advice to prefer ingroup candidates + codes of conduct + code enforcement). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-ingroup-outgroup-difference-scores-of-1brrltmb.png Figure 1. Mean ingroup–outgroup difference scores of suitability ratings for condition 1 (control), condition 2 (supervisor advice to prefer ingroup candidates), condition 3 (supervisor advice to prefer ingroup candidates + codes of conduct), and condition 4 (supervisor advice to prefer ingroup candidates + codes of conduct + code enforcement). Positive scores indicate that suitability ratings of ingroup candidates were more positive than suitability ratings of outgroup candidates. https://scispace.com/papers/are-financial-analysts-of-ipo-firms-under-pressure-the-8gxzcdv0gl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-long-run-performance-of-ipo-firms-based-on-1qrilx7i.png Table 5(continued): Long run performance of IPO firms based on timing of recommendations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-long-run-performance-of-ipo-firms-based-on-2onsstqc.png Table 5(continued): Long run performance of IPO firms based on timing of recommendations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-long-run-performance-of-recommendations-for-ipo-2rmyzd1y.png Table 2: Long run performance of recommendations for IPO firms over the 1991-2005 period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cross-sectional-regressions-of-long-run-performance-n1y6ama8.png Table 7:Cross-sectional regressions of long run performance of IPOs over the 1991-2005 period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-continued-long-run-performance-of-initiation-and-2un4xmbl.png Table 6 (continued): Long run performance of initiation and continuation recommendations for IPO firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-long-run-performance-of-favorable-recommendations-za8z203n.png Table 3: Long run performance of favorable recommendations for IPO firms over the 1991-2005 period https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-continued-long-run-performance-of-initiation-and-1anf1l86.png Table 6 (continued): Long run performance of initiation and continuation recommendations for IPO firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-long-run-performance-of-initiation-and-continuation-299aonui.png Table 6 (continued): Long run performance of initiation and continuation recommendations for IPO firms. https://scispace.com/papers/are-health-care-expenditures-and-personal-disposable-income-3r72f2holi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymmetric-behaviour-of-real-per-capita-health-wo9da1e1.png Table 1. Asymmetric behaviour of real per capita health expenditure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asymmetric-behaviour-of-real-per-capita-disposable-g68hv5ii.png Table 2. Asymmetric behaviour of real per capita disposable personal income https://scispace.com/papers/are-friends-really-the-family-we-choose-local-variations-of-2aqt4w9uxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-significant-bold-activations-in-the-global-brain-for-1zjpxyqo.png Table 1. Significant BOLD activations in the global brain for the various contrasts (PFWE < 0.05, cluster size >30). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-bold-activations-in-rois-within-the-2gmxmi75.png Table 2. Significant BOLD activations in ROIs within the hypothalamus mask (PFWE < 0.05, cluster size >10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-of-the-difference-in-bilateral-percent-oljkde1n.png Figure 5. Correlation of the difference in bilateral percent signal change between sibling and friend with difference in familiarity scores in the adHyp (anterior-dorsal hypothalamus, contains PVN). https://scispace.com/papers/are-moderate-parties-rewarded-in-multiparty-systems-a-pooled-1lp6o7jaxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ideological-distribution-of-respondents-and-1hjj62m1.png Figure 1. The ideological distribution of respondents and mean party placements in France. Notes: This sample is from the Eurobarometer (31A) survey in 1989. The locations of the parties are based on the respondents’ placements from the same survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-for-different-measures-of-proximity-2h3x6m12.png Table 1. Coefficients for different measures of proximity when estimating Normalized Vote shares across the European Community https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-for-the-variables-squared-proximity-zkso8z0d.png Table 2. Coefficients for the variables squared proximity gain [(Proxt-1)2 - (Proxt)2] and lagged changes in normalized vote shares [NVt-1 - NVt-2] when estimating changes in normalized vote shares [NVt - NVt-1] across the European Community https://scispace.com/papers/are-people-changing-address-less-an-analysis-of-migration-5d7uyah7mu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-all-people-with-an-address-at-the-end-1p6huse6.png Figure 3. Proportion of all people with an address at the end of the decade at least 50km away from that at the start, by Social Class (Source: calculated from ONS-LS. Crown copyright.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-all-people-with-a-different-address-18b8lwd8.png Figure 2. Proportion of all people with a different address at the end of the decade from the start, by age group (Source: calculated from ONS-LS. Crown copyright.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-the-starting-populations-with-a-gy449420.png Figure 1. Proportion of the starting populations with a different address at the end of the decade from that at the start by distance of move (Source: calculated from ONSLS. Crown Copyright.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-15-types-of-people-with-the-greatest-relative-qyhklok8.png Table 2. The 15 types of people with the greatest relative decrease in their 10-year address-change rate between 1971-1981 and 2001-2011, by distance of move https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-15-types-of-people-with-the-highest-rate-of-10-qao028mi.png Table 1. The 15 types of people with the highest rate of 10-year address change 1971- 1981, by distance of move https://scispace.com/papers/are-ratings-the-worst-form-of-credit-assessment-apart-from-12jysbaof1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-summary-3t8agfsp.png Table 1: Data Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-non-defaulted-companies-the-figure-shows-the-one-9rizm5io.png Figure 5: Non-Defaulted Companies The figure shows the one-year-ahead default probability forecasts for non-defaulted companies, namely of Fiat, General Electric, Coca-Cola, and Mc Donald’s. The estimation sample period used for calibrating the models ranges from 1982 to 1999. The forecasts starting from 2000 are all out-of-sample estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-in-sample-estimation-of-z-score-and-zeta-score-2v582ge2.png Table 4: In-sample Estimation of Z-Score and Zeta-Score https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-quality-check-acvhrk05.png Table 2: Data Quality Check https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-in-sample-calibration-36yv2jtt.png Table 3: In-Sample Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-calculation-of-default-probabilities-2vta1ndu.png Table 5: Calculation of Default Probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-discriminatory-power-3js3tla1.png Table 6: Discriminatory Power https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-discriminatory-power-t-values-in-cross-tests-3kqyufmm.png Table 7: Discriminatory Power: t-Values in Cross Tests https://scispace.com/papers/are-remittances-spent-in-a-healthy-way-evidence-from-albania-mgl1eaw4bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-6-estimation-of-the-average-treatment-effect-for-8r9buqn5.png Table 1.6: Estimation of the average treatment effect for health expenditure and medicine expenses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-organization-chart-of-albanian-health-care-system-31ypc8gr.png Figure 1.3: Organization chart of Albanian Health Care System https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-estimation-of-health-conditions-in-terms-of-39lvuhr1.png Table 1.3: Estimation of Health Conditions in Terms of Chronic or Sudden Illness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-7-regression-results-before-matching-method-de6y8agc.png Table 1.7: Regression results before matching method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-rating-of-health-conditions-3uyxgslq.png Figure 1.4: Rating of Health Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-estimation-of-self-reported-health-conditions-emzb8mxa.png Table 1.2: Estimation of Self-Reported Health Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-demographic-indicators-for-albania-and-other-eur-b-1dn1yxzl.png Table 1.1: Demographic Indicators for Albania and other Eur-B+C Countries (data from WHO, 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-flows-of-first-time-migrants-by-year-of-migration-9eesgxa4.png Figure 1.1: Flows of first-time migrants by year of migration, 1991-2004 https://scispace.com/papers/are-survivorship-care-plans-responsive-to-african-american-1e1x7h8vt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scp-template-participants-input-and-the-cultural-and-2k56q5v0.png Table 2 SCP template: participant’s input and the cultural and socioecological modifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-37nbtnku.png Table 1 Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/are-the-energy-savings-of-the-passive-house-standard-4f5ixj7l6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-electric-coheating-test-results-for-the-passivhaus-2pmmhn4u.png Table 3: Electric coheating test results for the Passivhaus dwellings. *The error stated within this https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-collection-of-measured-specific-annual-space-264yuazx.png Figure 13: Collection of measured specific annual space heating energy consumptions for several new built and retrofitted PH building projects, a low-energy project and the mean value for existing dwellings in multifamily buildings in Germany. For the PH https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-calculated-versus-the-measured-specific-annual-2khfxp1h.png Figure 14:Calculated versus the measured specific annual space heating energy consumption of the newly built Passive Houses (circles) and retrofit projects (triangles) are depicted in Figure 13. For the demand an uncertainty of https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heat-flux-density-measurements-for-the-external-1z3dhzzh.png Table 4: Heat flux density measurements for the external walls, ground floors and roofs of the Passivhaus dwellings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-space-heating-energy-consumption-statistics-for-the-2c4l6hcd.png Figure 9: Space heating energy consumption statistics for the PH settlement in Hanover/Kronsberg (Germany). (Peper/Feist 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-collection-of-uncertainties-of-the-boundary-3ctudv8a.png Table 1: Collection of uncertainties of the boundary conditions for heating demand calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-consumption-statistics-for-the-ph-development-in-1sbq7ugo.png Figure 10: Consumption statistics for the PH development in Stuttgart/Feuerbach (Germany). (Data from (Reiß/Erhorn 2003), analysis and diagram by the authors; obvious outliers are easily identified – these are due to defect heat pump control systems: five bars on the right end) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagrammatic-representation-of-an-electric-22kay79b.png Figure 2: Diagrammatic representation of an electric coheating test (Brooke-Peat 2015). https://scispace.com/papers/are-the-sir-and-seir-models-suitable-to-estimate-the-basic-4iulk7j992 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-estimated-curve-for-sao-paulo-a-and-spain-b-2na23ick.png Figure 3: The estimated curve Ω for São Paulo (a) and Spain (b) with three different initial conditions I(0) = 1 (continuous curve), 10 (dashed curve), and 25 (dashed and dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-daily-bars-and-the-accumulated-points-severe-2zdnl1bd.png Figure 5: The daily (bars) and the accumulated (points) severe covid-19 cases in São Paulo State (a) and Spain (b), where A indicates the time at which quarantine was introduced, and B indicates the inflection time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-estimated-curve-of-and-the-daily-curve-d-a-and-2ct8xqdl.png Figure 2: The estimated curve of Ω and the daily curve Ωd (a), and the epidemic curve I and effective reproduction number Ref (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-model-parameters-j-y-o-and-values-hzk9q0nk.png Table 1: Summary of the model parameters (j = y, o) and values (rates in days−1, and proportions are dimensionless). The values (∗) correspond to São Paulo State. For Spain, φ = µ = 1/(83.4× 365) days−1, ϕ = 1.14× 10−5 days−1, and ψ = 1.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-estimated-curve-for-sao-paulo-a-and-spain-b-2wxxy13b.png Figure 1: The estimated curve Ω for São Paulo (a) and Spain (b) with three different initial conditions I(0) = 1 (continuous curve), 10 (dashed curve), and 25 (dashed and dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-estimated-curve-and-the-observed-accumulated-2r0exo3y.png Figure 4: The estimated curve Ω and the observed accumulated cases for São Paulo State (a) and Spain (b). https://scispace.com/papers/area-monitoring-dosimeter-program-for-the-pacific-northwest-2v6z3w796m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-summary-of-area-monitoring-tld-results-cy-2005a-217dk921.png Table 3.1 Summary of Area Monitoring TLD Results, CY 2005a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-estimated-annual-dose-to-an-individual-at-selected-i84jwby5.png Table 3.2 Estimated Annual Dose to an Individual at Selected Locations, CY 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-cy-2005-deep-dose-trend-data-18gq8jqe.png Figure 3.1 CY 2005 Deep Dose Trend Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-comparison-of-neutron-doses-between-hanford-29r4qv7l.png Table 3.3 Comparison of Neutron Doses between Hanford Standard Dosimeter and Hanford Combination Neutron Dosimeter, CY 2003 -2005 https://scispace.com/papers/are-virtues-shaped-by-national-cultures-or-religions-2pcelrl5r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-importance-of-virtues-1-least-important-5-most-1cwy5e37.png Figure 1. The importance of virtues (1 = least important, 5 = most important) rated by different (non)religious groups in The Netherlands (n = 926). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-importance-scores-1-least-important-5-most-14ca69uw.png Table 1 Mean importance scores (1 = least important; 5 = most important), standard deviations for all 15 virtues in three nations, and Bonferroni posthoc analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-importance-of-virtues-ratings-by-dutch-german-and-2hfhtlrv.png Figure 2. Importance of virtues ratings by Dutch, German, and Spanish participants (1 = least important; 5 = most important). https://scispace.com/papers/argumentation-based-resolution-of-conflicts-between-desires-3ystruhe5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-motivating-eafs-348wgqys.png Fig. 1. Motivating EAFs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eaf-based-on-argumentation-based-dialogue-over-goals-2xhdmdsu.png Fig. 2. EAF based on argumentation based dialogue over goals https://scispace.com/papers/argumentation-for-access-control-4ciw2p3eo6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plan-arguments-for-example-1-29845fpv.png Fig. 1. The plan arguments for Example 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-goal-plan-arguments-2uq79wr9.png Fig. 2. Two goal-plan arguments https://scispace.com/papers/argumentation-in-science-education-as-a-systemic-activity-an-35ahsgyj8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sequence-of-learning-actions-in-an-expansive-3nfcu0qf.png Figure 2. Sequence of learning actions in an expansive learning cycle (Engeström, 1999a, p.384). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contradictions-identified-in-the-activity-system-of-1h09qeed.png Figure 5. Contradictions identified in the activity system of argumentation in science education (central activity - students’ perspective). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contradictions-identified-in-the-activity-system-of-33bd09fu.png Figure 6. Contradictions identified in the activity system of argumentation in science education (neighbour activity - teachers’ perspective). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-various-scaffolds-used-during-the-lessons-1urx7tpp.png Table 2 Various Scaffolds Used During the Lessons https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-use-of-counter-claims-as-argumentation-scaffolds-2pu5akhy.png Table 3 The Use of Counter-Claims as Argumentation Scaffolds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-an-account-of-the-activity-system-of-32ovpesw.png Figure 4.1. An account of the activity system of argumentation in science education from students’ perspective (central activity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-expanded-activity-system-model-engestrom-1987-2zupt1m2.png Figure 1. The expanded activity system model (Engeström, 1987). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-an-account-of-the-activity-system-of-se6ast0h.png Figure 4.2. An account of the activity system of argumentation in science education from teachers’ perspective (neighbour activity). https://scispace.com/papers/argyrophilic-grain-disease-molecular-genetic-difference-to-4ano1qjq78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tau-haplotype-and-genotype-frequency-in-31c6rdim.png Table 1 Tau haplotype and genotype frequency in neuropathologically confirmed cases of argyrophilic grain disease and healthy control subjects https://scispace.com/papers/arguments-scenarios-and-probabilities-connections-between-2egtrp02rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evidential-arguments-that-attack-each-other-1a9eqceb.png Figure 2: Evidential arguments that attack each other https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-hypothetical-argument-that-applies-a-possible-2yi5lbmv.png Figure 14: A hypothetical argument that applies a possible undercutter to Argument A2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-an-argument-graph-resulting-from-the-rules-that-we-1hu4vis1.png Figure 13: An argument graph resulting from the rules that we extracted from the Bayesian network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-of-the-rules-that-were-extracted-from-the-37zql9ck.png Table 3: Some of the rules that were extracted from the example Bayesian network. Note that for practical purposes we have slightly abbreviated names of nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-johns-scenario-as-a-hybrid-case-arrows-with-open-2rttsv5e.png Figure 6: John’s scenario as a hybrid case. Arrows with open arrowheads stand for evidential inferences, and arrows with closed arrowheads stand for causal relations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-event-john-killed-mary-was-unfolded-to-a-3af8e8fm.png Figure 11: The event ‘John killed Mary’ was unfolded to a subscenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-high-level-description-of-the-bayesian-network-c6jksijz.png Figure 12: A high-level description of the Bayesian network-Argument translation approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-three-normative-frameworks-rrd5dtt6.png Table 1: Characteristics of the three normative frameworks (Verheij, 2014b) https://scispace.com/papers/array-bounds-check-elimination-for-the-java-hotspot-client-3yrn9tgykf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hir-of-method-clear-33zzctob.png Figure 4: HIR of method clear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-client-compiler-g6obs8u0.png Figure 1: Structure of the client compiler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hir-of-method-triple-gsa57upm.png Figure 6: HIR of method triple. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hir-example-for-on-stack-replacement-3pf7fgbe.png Figure 7: HIR example for on-stack-replacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hir-of-method-get-aky5zlji.png Figure 2: HIR of method get. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percentage-of-removed-bounds-checks-taller-bars-are-k52fi12v.png Figure 8: Percentage of removed bounds checks (taller bars are better). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-speedup-when-using-the-bounds-check-elimination-1ncijfns.png Figure 9: Speedup when using the bounds check elimination algorithm (taller bars are better). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conditions-for-the-values-of-method-get-2gcl28vi.png Figure 3: Conditions for the values of method get. https://scispace.com/papers/arrest-history-and-intimate-partner-violence-perpetration-in-4aep2le28a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-between-arrest-groups-on-frequency-of-1ue56j92.png Table 2: Differences between Arrest Groups on Frequency of Violence Perpetration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-substance-use-for-incident-that-lead-2ec7vrsk.png Table 1: Prevalence of Substance Use for Incident that Lead the BIP and Different Types of Prior Arrests https://scispace.com/papers/arsenite-removal-from-water-by-electro-coagulation-on-zinc-2cd4tl1u6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-initial-arsenite-concentration-on-percent-2xzd68cn.png Fig. 1 Effect of initial arsenite concentration on percent removal efficiency (Conditions for zinc electrodes 16.0 min processing time, 6.0 pH, 3.0 V applied voltage and 30 C temperature and for copper electrodes 16.0 min processing time, 7.0 pH, 5.0 V applied voltage and 30 C temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-chloride-ion-concentration-on-arsenite-3ptjjnsl.png Fig. 6 Effect of chloride ion concentration on arsenite removal (Conditions for zinc electrodes with 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 6.0 pH, 3.0 V applied voltage and 16.0 min processing time and 30 C temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-temperature-on-removal-percent-efficiency-of-1o29rh6z.png Fig. 5 Effect of temperature on removal percent efficiency of arsenite (Conditions for zinc electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 6.0 pH, 3.0 V applied voltage and 16.0 min processing time and for copper electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 7.0 pH, 5.0 V applied voltage and 20.0 min processing time) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-processing-time-on-removal-percent-cc2062o8.png Fig. 4 Effect of processing time on removal percent efficiency of arsenite (Conditions for zinc electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 6.0 pH, 3.0 V applied voltage and 30 C temperature and for copper electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 7.0 pH, 5.0 V applied voltage and 30 C temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-voltage-on-percent-removal-efficiency-of-k689yk2p.png Fig. 3 Effect of voltage on percent removal efficiency of arsenite (Conditions for zinc electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 16.0 min processing time, 6.0 pH and 30 C temperature and for copper electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 16.0 min processing time, 7.0 pH and 30 C temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-ph-on-percent-removal-efficiency-of-arsenite-10m0abh7.png Fig. 2 Effect of pH on percent removal efficiency of arsenite (Conditions for zinc electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 16.0 min processing time, 3.0 V applied voltage and 30 C temperature and for copper electrodes 2.0 mg/L initial arsenic concentration, 16.0 min processing time, 5.0 V applied voltage and 30 C temperature) https://scispace.com/papers/artifact-trapping-during-time-reversal-photoacoustic-imaging-75m4utan1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-truncated-data-reconstruction-3-d-example-the-initial-27u1rbrg.png Fig. 5. Truncated data reconstruction, 3-D example: The initial pressure distribution was a ball of unit amplitude, diameter 0.5 mm and centered at the origin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-artifact-trapping-and-thresholded-time-reversal-1-d-1yaicb1w.png Fig. 1. Artifact trapping and thresholded time reversal, 1-D example. Forward propagation: (a) Step changes in sound speed and density, which lead to reflected waves in the measurements (also shown by the dotted lines). The dashed lines indicate the positions of the detectors. (b) The initial acoustic pressure distribution, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-artifact-trapping-2-d-example-images-reconstructed-3b2i18og.png Fig. 4. Artifact trapping, 2-D example: Images reconstructed using data recorded over a circular measurement surface of radius 3.7 mm, with 360 equally spaced sensor elements, for the disc-shaped initial pressure distribution shown in Fig. 2(b). (a) Reconstruction using Finch et al’s 2-D algorithm [16] and (b) conventional time reversal image reconstruction. The grayscale is set to [ 0.05, 0.05] in order to show the artifacts clearly. The curved artifact trapped by the time reversal algorithm is clearly visible in (b) but not in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-truncated-and-thresholded-reconstruction-2-d-example-3fx6oyng.png Fig. 6. Truncated and thresholded reconstruction, 2-D example: Images reconstructed using data recorded over a circular measurement surface (as in Fig. 4). (a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-simulated-2-d-pressure-time-series-from-the-example-esfv6s1o.png Fig. 7. (a) Simulated (2-D) pressure time series from the example in Figs. 2 and 3, with the reflected wave clearly visible. In the time reversed reconstruction, the many values close to zero will result, effectively, in a reflective “pressurerelease” boundary wherever it is imposed. In this way, the boundary condition can act to trap vestigial waves within the image region leading to artifacts in the final image. (b) Detail of the time series in (a) close to zero, with a possible https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-artifact-trapping-2-d-example-a-at-there-is-a-step-wdv2icee.png Fig. 2. Artifact trapping, 2-D example: (a) At there is a step change in the density from 1000 to 700 . The position of the square measurement surface is shown as a solid black line. (b) The initial pressure distribution is a disc of diameter 0.5 mm. (c) A difference image showing the estimate of the initial pressure distribution reconstructed using time reversal and assuming a uniform density distribution minus the true image. The trapped artifact (the lower circle) is clearly visible. The amplitude of the true initial pressure is underestimated, hence the negative upper circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-thresholded-reconstruction-2-d-example-a-image-of-the-wsiyzpw3.png Fig. 8. Thresholded reconstruction, 2-D example: (a) image of the difference between the true initial pressure distribution, Fig. 2(b), and the estimated recon- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-artifact-trapping-with-random-heterogeneities-2-d-hd9aw2qk.png Fig. 9. Artifact trapping with random heterogeneities, 2-D example. (a) Reconstruction using conventional time reversal. (b) Reconstruction using thresholded https://scispace.com/papers/artificial-incoherent-speckles-enable-precision-astrometry-1wrb32u2lq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-psf-with-two-artificial-speckles-at-10-l-d-from-786p0xtz.png Figure 2. (Top) PSF with two artificial speckles at 10 λ/D from the PSF. (a) Incoherent speckles. (b) Coherent speckles. (Bottom) PSF-subtracted image (c) with incoherent speckles and (d) with coherent speckles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subaru-pupil-geometry-with-a-kolmogorov-phase-39x9uqtj.png Figure 1. Subaru pupil geometry with a Kolmogorov phase screen and a sine wave. The spot in the upper sector of the pupil corresponds to the location of a dead actuator on the SCExAO DM. The color bar is in units of radians. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-image-of-psf-psf-with-two-sets-of-artificial-14uowttk.png Figure 3. (a) Image of PSF. PSF with two sets of artificial speckles at 10 λ/D (400 mas) from the PSF, (b) incoherent speckles, and (c) coherent speckles. PSF-subtracted image (d) with incoherent speckles and (e) with coherent speckles. A square-root stretch was applied and the minimum and maximum of each image adjusted for maximum contrast. Data taken on Beta Leo on 2015 April 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-photometric-and-astrometric-precision-iw9aa1fm.png Table 1 Comparison of Photometric and Astrometric Precision with Incoherent and Coherent Speckles, Respectively https://scispace.com/papers/artificial-intelligence-for-team-sports-a-survey-350etq6uwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-current-best-accuracy-1h4z0d99.png Table 5 Current Best Accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-fantasy-team-set-ups-31y7fbl6.png Figure 6: Example Fantasy Team Set Ups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-player-recruitment-process-3fwk5xcj.png Figure 4: The Player Recruitment Process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-strategy-and-decision-making-ai-approach-summary-2o7y7q19.png Table 3 Strategy and Decision Making AI Approach Summary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-fantasy-sports-game-process-3buana7q.png Figure 5: The Fantasy Sports Game Process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-team-sports-process-3epfenis.png Figure 3: The Team Sports Process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fantasy-sports-approach-summary-11fjc17c.png Table 4 Fantasy Sports Approach Summary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ml-approach-summary-3bw05fh6.png Table 2 ML Approach Summary. https://scispace.com/papers/artificial-sweetener-use-and-bladder-cancer-a-case-control-2zkkdbaifc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantity-of-artificial-sweeteners-per-day-and-diet-1s6y5o5n.png Table 2. Quantity of artificial sweeteners (per day) and diet bever- Table 3. Duration of regular use of artificial sweeteners and diet bevages (per week) used regularly by bladder cancer patients and erages by bladder cancer patients and matched controls. matched controls. Artificial sweeteners are estimated in units of 20 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-matched-pair-comparisons-of-use-of-artificial-2w4jigw3.png Table 4. Matched-pair comparisons of use of artificial sweeteners and diet beverages by bladder cancer patients and controls. RR, risk ratio; ('1., confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-regular-users-of-artificial-sweeteners-and-diet-sl9esu85.png Table I. Regular users of artificial sweeteners and diet beverages among bladder cancer patients and matched controls. Regular use was defined as continued use for at least 1 month. The reported frequency of regular use lasting less than I year was < I percent. https://scispace.com/papers/aspect-ratio-dependence-of-the-elastic-properties-of-zno-2yusn8ussk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-youngs-modulus-of-zno-nanostructures-as-a-function-2l1tytfl.png Figure 4. Young’s modulus of ZnO nanostructures as a function of width-to-thickness ratio. The solid symbols are the data points, the open ones are the average value of the measurements from the same nanostructure. The red area corresponds to nanowires, the blue area to nanobelts with a low width-to-thickness ratio, and the green area to nanobelts with a high width-to-thickness ratio. The nanobelt cross section is highlighted with matching colors (inset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-characteristics-of-137-zno-nanostructures-1d1a2uax.png Figure 3. Characteristics of 137 ZnO nanostructures determined by AFM: (a) width-to-thickness ratio distribution, (b) thickness against width-to-thickness ratio, and (c) width against width-tothickness ratio. The Young’s modulus of 14 (blue symbols) of the nanobelts analyzed in (a), (b), and (c) is plotted as a function of (d) surface-to-volume ratio, (e) thickness, and (f) width. In (d-f), the solid symbols are data points, and the open symbols are average values of the measurements from the same nanobelt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-images-of-a-nanowire-b-nanobelt-grown-along-the-2xohnxvi.png Figure 2. TEM images of (a) nanowire; (b) nanobelt grown along the [0001] direction; (c) nanobelt grown along the [21h1h0] direction with a stacking fault parallel to the (0001) surface and present over the entire length of the nanobelt. Insets show the corresponding electron diffraction pattern. We note that the nanobelt in (c) is wider than 500 nm, thus by comparison with the AFM measurements in Figure 3, we conclude that in this nanobelt the narrow side surface is the (0001). AFM images of (d) nanowire (2µm × 2 µm image); (e) nanobelt with a width-to-thickness ratio of 1.9 (1µm × 1 µm image); (f) nanobelt with a width-to-thickness ratio of 9.5 (1µm × 1 µm image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-experimental-setup-for-the-modulated-2839z4lg.png Figure 1. (a) Experimental setup for the modulated nanoindentation method. (b) Normal force as a function of indentation depth for a nanobelt of width-to-thickness ratio 2.9. https://scispace.com/papers/aspen-regeneration-on-log-decking-areas-as-influenced-by-268enl6s5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparisons-between-minimally-disturbed-areas-of-a-1u8ttx6m.png Fig. 1 Comparisons between minimally disturbed areas of a cutover (control) and decking areas, a Sucker density of aspen. b First year height growth of the leading suckers. c Percent of dead roots by root length, 0.5–2.0 cm in diameter. d Density of wounds greater than 1 cm2 on aspen roots 0.5–2.0 cm in diameter. e Bulk density of the top 10 cm of mineral soil. f Depth of slash such as bark and branches. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences for each graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisons-between-decks-with-11-months-of-log-deck-12e630yy.png Fig. 3 Comparisons between decks with 11 months of log-deck storage after a fall harvest (fall-long storage) compared to decks where the log deck was removed 1.5–3 months after a fall harvest (fall-short storage). a Sucker density of aspen. b First year height growth of the leading suckers. c Percent of dead roots by root length, 0.5–2.0 cm in diameter. d Density of wounds greater than 1 cm2 on aspen roots 0.5–2.0 cm in diameter. e Bulk density of the top 10 cm of mineral soil. f Depth of slash such as bark and branches. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences for each graph https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-one-way-anovas-and-means-separation-test-results-for-t0105og5.png Table 3 One-way ANOVAs and means separation test results for comparison made between the three log deck storage treatments: summer—short storage (summer) with fall—short storage (fall) and fall—short storage (short) and fall—long storage (long) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-harvest-information-for-log-deck-storage-treatment-cia1ysy0.png Table 1 Harvest information for log-deck storage treatment sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-one-way-anova-results-for-the-comparison-between-the-139hjjr0.png Table 4 One-way ANOVA results for the comparison between the paired controls of each of the log deck treatments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparisons-between-log-decks-that-were-built-in-an-2s4wynpn.png Fig. 2 Comparisons between log decks that were built in an early summer harvest followed by 3–5 month of deck storage (summer-short storage) compared to decks that were built in the fall and hauled 1.5– 3 months after (fall-short storage). a Sucker density of aspen. b First year height growth of the leading suckers. c Percent of dead roots by root length, 0.5–2.0 cm in diameter. d Density of wounds greater than 1 cm2 on aspen roots 0.5–2.0 cm in diameter. e Bulk density of the top 10 cm of mineral soil. f Depth of slash such as bark and branches. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences for each graph https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-awareness-of-appropriate-responses-to-symptoms-of-2xb0qua3cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-knowledge-of-the-appropriate-course-of-action-for-1j8xqew9.png Table 2. Knowledge of the appropriate course of action for each symptom cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reasons-for-inappropriate-response-to-stroke-32u213hf.png Table 4. Reasons for ‘inappropriate’ response to stroke symptoms (n=107). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-and-risk-factors-1719ao38.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics and risk factors. https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-short-and-long-term-variations-in-diversity-timing-4gzgfgh05o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-species-percentage-of-body-component-length-increase-1rhwiepu.png Table 3: Species’ percentage of body component length increase in 2019-2020 903 compared to the 1981-1983 ones. “Type” column indicates whether species are 904 wintering (“W”) or resident (“R). Note that all species but Phylloscopus collybita are 905 frugivores. Negative numbers mean a decrease in body part’s length. Values red 906 coloured were found statistically significant after ANOVA’s. The significance codes 907 are: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1. 908 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-wing-tail-tarsus-and-bill-mean-2otw0ozo.png Figure 3: Comparison of wing, tail, tarsus, and bill mean lengths (in millimetres) 934 between study periods (1981-1983 and 2019-2020) for the 6 most abundant species. In 935 grey colour, resident bird species; in orange, the wintering ones. 936 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphometric-anovas-results-significant-values-are-3db4v2jw.png Table 2: Morphometric ANOVAs’ results. Significant values are red coloured. The 899 significance codes are: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1. 900 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-densities-expressed-as-individuals-per-km2-34xyug0r.png Figure 2: Monthly densities, expressed as individuals per km², of the different resident 928 (A) and wintering (B) species registered in study censuses. Species’ monthly densities 929 of 1981-1983 period are plotted in grey colour, and 2019-2020 recordings appear in 930 orange colour. Symbol with a fleshy fruit means the species is frugivorous. Black 931 asterisks mark the main abundance peak in the 2019-2020 period. 932 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-community-composition-bar-plots-showing-the-3w2wvreq.png Figure 1: Community composition bar plots showing the percentage of total abundance 923 of the 20 most abundant species during each study period (1981-1983 and 2019-2020), 924 classified according to three different categories: migration (A), trophic (B) and 925 functional types. In total, 27 different bird species were included. 926 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-species-body-condition-change-between-study-periods-ww5wkc9k.png Figure 5: Species body condition change between study periods (A), study months (B) 946 and at species’ level (C). Black (A and B) and grey (C) dotted lines separates positive 947 (“good” body condition) and negative residuals (“poor” body condition). A and B body 948 condition values are expressed in logarithmic scale. 949 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-generalized-linear-model-glm-using-binomial-error-150wauv3.png Table 4: A) Generalized Linear Model (GLM) using binomial error as link function, 911 qualitative fat categories (Low fat and High-Medium fat) as response variable and year 912 group (1981-1983 or 2019-2020) and migratory season (Migratory pass, Autumn step 913 and Wintering) as explanatory variables. B) GLM using Gaussian as link function, 914 weight/tarsus lengths residuals as response variable, and year group and migratory 915 category (resident, wintering, summering and transient) as explanatory variables. 916 Significant p-values are coloured in red. The significance codes are: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 917 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1. 918 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-turnover-values-of-different-categories-29q2hoj8.png Table 1: Species turnover values of different categories (“Groups”) classified according 888 three criteria (“types”). The number of species included in each group is indicated in 889 column “n”. Species’ groups turnover values (“Turnover”) were also split into 890 proportions of species that appeared (“Gained spp.”) and disappeared (“Lost spp.”) in 891 the 2019-2020 period compared to 1981-1983 study years. Observations were also 892 included in the last column. *: Transient and summering species were excluded from 893 migratory category because they were not sampled in 2019-2020. Wintering species 894 were abundant but did not reach 5 spp. per study period needed to calculate turnover. 895 https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-relative-importance-of-multiple-channels-for-23vvhf0q3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-impact-of-embodied-and-disembodied-2vpltaup.png Table 5: Relative impact of embodied and disembodied technological spillovers on technical efficiency. Dynamic OLS estimations with one lag and one lead (1990-2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-single-spillover-estimations-on-total-factor-2m7ayc72.png Table 6: Single spillover estimations on total factor productivity. Dynamic OLS estimations with one lag and one lead (1990- 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-full-sample-of-1zc6714z.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for the full sample of countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-by-country-groups-2fr7q809.png Table 2: Means and standard deviations by country groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-additional-control-variables-and-interaction-effects-3a928udb.png Table 7: Additional control variables and interaction effects. Dynamic OLS estimations with one lag and one lead (1990-2009) Notes: The dependent variable is log TFP ; †, ** and *** indicate parameters that are significant at the 10%, 5% and respectively 1%; Standard errors are reported in parenthesis below the coefficients; All estimated models contain unreported fixed effects and use White standard errors; wec refers to Western Europe while trc represents transition countries from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-2b4bfdjg.png Table 3: Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relative-magnitude-of-spillovers-and-direct-10nh7ms6.png Table 8: Relative magnitude of spillovers and direct technology imports (average, 1990-2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-impact-of-embodied-and-disembodied-3p2qwt6s.png Table 4: Relative impact of embodied and disembodied technological spillovers on total factor productivity. Dynamic OLS estimations with one lag and one lead (1990-2009) https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-treatment-of-acetaminophen-contaminated-4t5mgxe0oh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-apbr-operating-conditions-2h3dthft.png Table 1 Summary of the APBR operating conditions https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-user-experience-for-serious-games-in-auditory-16uv0vwlod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-applying-the-direct-observation-method-for-children-2teq1ar9.png Fig. 3. Applying the direct observation method for children aged 7 to 11 years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ux-assessment-methods-for-children-1znqpic1.png Table 1. UX assessment methods for children. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-applying-the-drawing-intervention-method-for-children-1uywe8jn.png Fig. 2. Applying the drawing intervention method for children from 7–11 years https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposal-for-improving-smileyometer-tool-adapted-to-3515pz4j.png Fig. 1. Proposal for improving Smileyometer tool, adapted to include just two https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-brine-management-for-geologic-carbon-3six2e9ru3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-of-aquifer-water-chemistry-blue-3fw3gj0l.png Figure 6. Scatter plot of aquifer water chemistry (blue diamond) compared to natural seawater (blue dashed line). Concentrations are in mg/L, and bars indicate the range from minimum to maximum in each aquifer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-construction-and-maintenance-cost-of-geothermal-1p76u3nc.png Table 4. Construction and maintenance cost of geothermal heating. Based on calculation for a shallow well (300m) with a 30 yr life, 8% interest and O&M calculated as 10% of capital cost (Lund 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sensitivity-analysis-showing-the-behavior-of-1qqyxc4e.png Figure 13. Sensitivity analysis showing the behavior of evaporation pond land surface area to varying climate and desalination recovery factor. Average annual evaporation (E) and precipitation (P) rates are used to estimate land surface areas for the regions of three saline aquifers: Mt. Simon (brown circle), Vedder (green triangle), and Jasper (blue diamond) (Breunig et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-salt-and-mineral-market-summary-for-2010-sale-price-199znwcy.png Table 1. Salt and mineral market summary for 2010. Sale price given in $/mt for each compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-known-geothermal-resource-areas-in-california-cac-3n2a4959.png Figure 10. Known Geothermal Resource Areas in California (CAC 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regionally-variable-assumptions-and-inputs-for-k2gfsuic.png Table 5. Regionally variable assumptions and inputs for mineral and salt production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histogram-of-potential-annual-salt-production-from-3mgq7uo9.png Figure 9. Histogram of potential annual salt production from brine. Masses of salt obtained from three different extracted waters are compared to US production and US imports in 2010. Production of salt from rock mining, brine mining, and total mass of salt used on roads are compared to annual aquifer production using an assumed recovery efficiency of 70%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-low-and-high-npv-for-optional-bus-3uadij7a.png Table 2. Summary of the low and high NPV for optional BUS stages in three different aquifers. NA: Not Available. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-2-4-dinitroanisole-transformation-using-4xfdigbbos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-iron-fet-and-fe-ii-content-of-materials-after-py0q6q5s.png Table 1. Total iron (FeT) and Fe(II) content of materials after dithionite treatments, and the 285 cumulative number electrons transferred during DNAN reduction experiments. 286 https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-embrittlement-of-vhtr-structural-alloys-in-4ud8i7i7mh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dcpd-data-top-and-calibrated-crack-length-data-3uuv35e3.png Figure 8 DCPD data (top) and calibrated crack length-data (bottom) to demonstrate the conversion of voltage signlas to crack lengths during CCG testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-example-sem-images-of-a-samples-outer-surface-top-3ta9qpf2.png Figure 21 Example SEM images of a sample’s outer surface (top) and central plane (below) after creep crack growth testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ccg-test-conditions-listed-in-order-from-most-crack-31aq5oue.png Table 4 CCG test conditions listed in order from most crack-resistant to least crack-resistant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-sem-images-of-cracks-in-alloy-800h-tested-at-700-1y7iodtl.png Figure 26 SEM images of cracks in Alloy 800H tested at 700 °C in air (Test 7). One major crack is seen, and significant oxidation in the crack tip region is observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-budget-and-expenditures-for-the-entire-project-vh4d8vrf.png Table 5 Budget and expenditures for the entire project period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-of-the-creep-crack-growth-apparatus-b-1nm6xtvp.png Figure 3 (a) Schematic of the creep crack growth apparatus. (b) Schematic of the retort tube, highlighting the placement of the three compact tension specimens within the tube. The tension rods (shown outside the retort tube) are connected via the clevises and pins (not shown) to the samples (shown inside the retort tube) during testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-cracks-in-alloy-617-tested-at-850-degc-in-air-test-xjw3ix97.png Figure 24 Cracks in Alloy 617 tested at 850 °C in air (Test 4). Many small cracks are observed. Cracks are intergrannular, and cracks appear to have initiated from the triple points and carbide regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-cracks-in-alloy-617-tested-at-850-degc-in-helium-3sgudv1x.png Figure 25 Cracks in Alloy 617 tested at 850 °C in helium (Test 11). https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-energy-efficiency-improvement-and-co2-emission-4nhh5zax42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2010-2030-ecsc-for-the-cement-industry-in-india-33q553az.png Figure 5. 2010-2030 ECSC for the Cement Industry in India (Final Electricity) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fuel-efficiency-measures-for-the-cement-industry-in-38yk8ako.png Table 2. Fuel Efficiency Measures for the Cement industry in India Ranked by Cost of Conserved Fuel (CCF) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2010-2030-cost-effective-fuel-and-fuel-base-co2-5ukwx8tf.png Figure 4. 2010-2030 Cost-Effective Fuel and Fuel-Base CO2 Emissions Savings for the Cement industry in India for measures identified in Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-effective-and-total-technical-potential-for-phbxtdxp.png Table 3. Cost-Effective and Total Technical Potential for Fuel Savings and the Associated CO2 Emission Reduction in the Cement Industry in India during 2010-2030 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-methodology-for-determining-l9gihnq3.png Figure 2. Illustration of Methodology for Determining Implementation of Energy Efficiency Measures from 2010 to 2030 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sensitivity-analysis-for-the-cost-effective-3a2yoo47.png Table 6. Sensitivity Analysis for the Cost-Effective Electricity and Fuel Saving Potentials and CO2 Emission Reduction in Indian Cement Industry during 2010-2030 with Different Discount Rates Keeping Other Parameters Constant https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cost-effective-and-total-technical-potential-for-j6al2a21.png Table 5. Cost-Effective and Total Technical Potential for Electricity Saving and CO2 Emission Reduction in the Cement Industry in India during 2010-2030 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-electricity-efficiency-measures-for-the-cement-3eombbs2.png Table 4. Electricity Efficiency Measures for the Cement industry in India Ranked by Cost of Conserved Electricity (CCE) https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-evapotranspiration-and-soil-water-content-in-1i41uf4yiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-digital-elevation-model-of-the-kysuca-river-basin-2z9s65bm.png Fig. 3 Digital elevation model of the Kysuca river basin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-percentage-of-hydrotops-of-each-soil-in-categories-of-3080bg7n.png Fig. 10 Percentage of hydrotops of each soil in categories of the annual average evapotranspiration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-percentage-of-hydrotops-in-each-type-of-land-use-in-prq0fm4a.png Fig. 9 Percentage of hydrotops in each type of land use in categories of the annual average evapotranspiration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-swim-model-krysanova-et-al-1998-32vcpgqr.png Fig. 1 Flow chart of the SWIM model (Krysanova et al., 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-simulated-and-observed-discharge-in-33b42zdi.png Fig. 4: Comparison of simulated and observed discharge in daily step at the Kysucke Nove Mesto https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-map-of-the-average-annual-1q8ota33.png Fig. 8 Comparison of the map of the average annual evapotranspiration with the map of land use and the soil map https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-map-of-the-simulated-average-annual-soil-water-content-vwsp0ogb.png Fig. 5 Map of the simulated average annual soil water content [%] in 15 cm depth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-map-of-the-simulated-average-annual-soil-water-content-2i7y4btx.png Fig. 6 Map of the simulated average annual soil water content [%] in 45 cm depth https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-geometrical-and-transport-properties-of-a-5g6bslch3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-is-a-histogram-plot-of-the-distribution-of-this-1q1qabu3.png Figure 6 is a histogram plot of the distribution of this error. It appears that sample CC0 is very close to obey orthotropy, especially for continuum diffusion (the error average is 5%), and to a lesser extent for Knudsen diffusion (average error 22%); on the other hand, the discrepancy is stronger for CC1: 16% average error for binary transport, and 72% average error for Knudsen diffusion. However, this has not a strong influence on further computations, since the anisotropy ratio is much larger than this relative difference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-simulated-thermal-conductivities-obtained-with-the-3vmbk5gq.png Table III: Simulated thermal conductivities obtained with the double change of scale procedure and measurements performed by Demange and Laizet [56] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-thermal-conductivities-of-c-c-composite-components-3h5605gp.png Table II : Thermal conductivities of C/C composite components https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-parallel-and-transverse-tortuosity-3md1n61s.png Table I : Comparison of parallel and transverse tortuosity-porosity correlation https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-individual-and-mixed-toxicity-of-bromoform-2tupta61n1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-bromoform-pink-tribromophenol-blue-1jrt40za.png Figure 2: Effect of bromoform (pink), tribromophenol (blue), tribromoacetic acid (orange), singly 240 and in combination (grey), on the percentage of normal pluteus larva growth from a polluted site, 241 after 48h of exposure. *** represent statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 from Dunnet’s 242 test, between the combine molecules toxicity on larva from a non-polluted site and from a DBPs 243 polluted site. 244 245 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-normal-pluteus-larva-growth-when-3170hure.png Table 2: Percentage of normal pluteus larva growth when exposed to NOEC and LOEC of 226 bromoform, tribromophenol and tribromoacetic acid singly and combined 227 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-endpoints-um-for-three-dbps-tribromophenol-3nrpn20l.png Table 1: Different endpoints (µM) for three DBPs, tribromophenol, bromoform and tribromoacetic 190 acid obtain on pluteus larva after 48 hours of exposure 191 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-tribromophenol-bromoform-and-ilj7nho5.png Figure 1: Effect of tribromophenol, bromoform and tribromoacetic acid singly, on the percentage 183 of normal pluteus growth after 48h 184 185 TBP (halophenol) was by far the more toxic molecule compared to BMF (halomethane) and TBAA 186 (haloacetic acid) (Table 2). BMF was found more toxic than TBAA. This order of toxicity has regularly 187 been reported in several aquatic organisms living in fresh or marine water (Yoshioka et al. 1985; 188 Yang and Zhang 2013; Liu and Zhang 2014; Teixidó et al. 2015; Hanigan et al. 2017). 189 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-otm-a-and-of-dna-within-the-comet-j91e5rwf.png Figure 3: Distribution of OTM (A) and % of DNA within the comet tail (B) according to the level of 252 exposure of Pluteus larvae to the chemicals’ mixture. Boxplots encompass the 1st and the 3rd 253 quartile. The black line within the boxplot represents the median. Tukey’s whisker extents are 254 presented (defined as 1.5 times the 1st and 3rd quartiles). The red horizontal line indicates the 255 95% percentile of the control condition used as a reference, and the numbers in red indicate the 256 proportion of comets presenting a higher value than the reference 257 258 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-normal-pluteus-larva-growth-when-1dcgxcpq.png Table 2: Percentage of normal pluteus larva growth when exposed to NOEC and LOEC of 226 bromoform, tribromophenol and tribromoacetic acid singly and combined 227 https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-multipath-interference-in-bend-insensitive-38qpxaflgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mpi-of-a-g-657-b3-fibre-at-different-lengths-and-1g75emld.png Fig. 3 MPI of a G.657.B3 fibre at different lengths and misalignment of 2 µm. The graphs also compares the same 2m fibre jumper loosen vs coiled to a 6 cm diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-depicts-the-mpi-of-three-bifs-from-different-18ggzut5.png Fig. 5 depicts the MPI of three BIFs from different manufacturers compliant to the ITU-T G.657 specification. All fibres but BIF#1 exhibit a MPI level well below the -30 dB threshold in the measurement range. The curves also show the same decreasing trend at longer wavelength as expected from theory, since the attenuation of the LP11 mode becomes https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-methods-to-reduce-the-energy-consumption-of-2hvaa1siph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-saving-potential-for-each-issue-identified-3mybb5zz.png Figure 2. Energy saving potential for each issue identified in the audits (bars: minimum and maximum % savings). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-savings-related-to-store-temperature-14iqus92.png Figure 3. Potential savings related to store temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-level-of-expertise-required-to-identify-and-pvobkk51.png Figure 7. Level of expertise required to identify and quantify issues identified in the audits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-payback-time-for-each-issue-identified-in-the-3aui1a2l.png Figure 6. Payback time for each issue identified in the audits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-potential-savings-related-to-product-type-stored-1g4nxn9h.png Figure 5. Potential savings related to product type stored. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-savings-related-to-store-volume-1go76zn7.png Figure 4. Potential savings related to store volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-issues-identified-in-the-audits-3boiopse.png Figure 1. Issues identified in the audits. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-pharmacokinetic-interaction-potential-between-3d5r3m0s5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-geometric-ratios-for-cmax-tmax-half-life-auc-cl-snn7qg2m.png Table 2. The geometric ratios for Cmax, Tmax, half-life, AUC, CL/F, Vd/F, and MRT on oral coadministration of methylliberine (100 mg) with theacrine (50 mg) versus methlliberine (100 mg) alone were 1.08, 1.03, 0.95, 0.95, 1.05, 0.99, and 1.03 respectively Table S2 . https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-oxidative-stress-in-lymphocytes-with-exercise-153mwczdxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-immunological-and-oxidative-responses-to-exercise-data-1ci2jppb.png Fig. 1. Immunological and oxidative responses to exercise. Data are means SE. A: revertant effector memory CD8 T cells, which have re-expressed CD45RA (EMRA; CD27 CD45RA ) and naive CD8 T cells (CD27 CD45RA ). Cells expressed as a proportion (%) of total lymphocytes. B: lymphocyte protein carbonyl concentration. C: plasma lipid peroxide concentration. D: plasma antioxidant capacity. Signficant difference compared with baseline (paired samples t-tests): *P 0.05; **P 0.01; ***P 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-strategy-robustness-under-disruption-of-lsrjt3ckru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-values-and-variation-ranges-of-variables-of-3vgdnxlb.png Table 1: Initial values and variation ranges of variables of the pre-disruption scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-and-outputs-in-2090-of-the-robust-static-2hn4gw4f.png Table 4: Variables and outputs in 2090 of the robust static optimum and the reference strategy in pre-disruption scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-of-original-variables-in-the-component-1j6q9uwo.png Table 3: Coefficients of original variables in the component Y1 and Y9 in two PCA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trutot-versus-rsubs-of-valid-trajectories-in-pre-3dqtqfm0.png Figure 2: TRUtot versus RSubs of valid trajectories in pre-disruption scenario, coloured by Ptot, f https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variables-and-the-outputs-trutot-t-2090-of-adaptive-22ekj1s5.png Table 6: Variables and the outputs TRUtot(t = 2090) of adaptive optima over different Tad in the adaptation scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolutions-of-trutot-of-valid-adaptations-from-the-1zh47gmq.png Figure 4: Evolutions of TRUtot of valid adaptations from the referential trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-analysis-of-post-disruption-scenario-of-1zvth9cg.png Figure 3: Global analysis of post-disruption scenario of adaptation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-squares-between-the-given-output-xout-3e15uirb.png Table 2: Correlation squares between the given output Xout and PCs in the corresponding PCA https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-the-ability-of-a-volume-of-fluid-model-to-1855pov9wg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-applied-correction-coefficients-br39ypqj.png Table 1.Distribution of the applied correction coefficients (C1) and (C2), respectively 567 described by (10) and (11).qare the unit discharges in L/s/m and ix the longitudinal slope of 568 the channel in %. 569 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detail-of-the-meshes-used-in-this-study-a-mesh-1-g4ijm00w.png Fig. 3. Detail of the meshes used in this study: (a) Mesh 1 - homogeneous mesh with ranging 529 spaces between 2 and 3 mm (b) Mesh2 – mesh refined at the channel bottom with cells 1 mm 530 spaced. 531 532 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sketch-of-the-simplified-geometry-of-the-grate-flow-3kr0z4wn.png Fig. 4. Sketch of the simplified geometry of the grate, flow comes from the inflow boundary 534 to the outflow. All the measures are in [mm]. The red point on the beginning of the grate hole 535 identifies the axis origin. 536 537 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantitative-statistical-coefficients-to-investigate-38e1xr46.png Table 3.Quantitative statistical coefficients to investigate the model accuracy. The 582 coefficients relate the gully efficiency (experimental vs. numerical) for the range of flows 583 from 16.67 to 66.67 L/s/m. d – Index of agreement; NSE – Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency; RMSD 584 – Root Mean Square Deviation; PBIAS – Percent Bias. 585 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-of-the-experimental-installation-built-at-3bfqo0e1.png Fig. 1. Photographs of the experimental installation built at UPC Hydraulic Department: (a) 520 rectangular platform with transverse grate downstream; (b) single grate type 2. 521 522 https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-the-advantages-of-static-shoulder-fsw-for-1h8wmygpcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hardness-measurements-and-model-predictions-for-the-3s7wneom.png Fig. 4 Hardness measurements and model predictions for the two processes, when welding under optimum conditions, showing (top to bottom) measured hardness maps, macro views of the weld profiles, and predicted and measured hardness profiles at the plate mid plane; (a) with a FSW tool at 700 rpm and (b) a SS-FSW tool at 1,500 rpm (both at 400 mm min -1 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-simulations-showing-the-effect-of-progressively-3alf7pfe.png Fig. 3 Model simulations showing the effect of progressively reducing the heat input from the shoulder on the thermal field found in FSW; in (a) the shoulder power was reduced while maintaining a constant probe power and in (b) the probe power was increased to maintain the same temperature at the base of the probe (450°C) as the shoulder power was reduced to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-ss-fsw-on-roughness-showing-laser-219wx6d5.png Fig. 2 The effect of SS-FSW on roughness showing laser surface height profiles for (a) FSW and (b) SS-FSW and (c) averaged profiles across both welds produced under optimum conditions. In (d) a surface defect is shown related to the cold static shoulder in the SS-FSW process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-exponential-torque-decay-curves-as-a-function-of-3oxf1sua.png Fig. 1 (a) Exponential torque decay curves as a function of rotation rate, ω, fitted to experimental data and (b) the related welding power curves. The lower limits for pin failure are given in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-butterfly-distortion-in-a-fsw-and-b-ss-232mrosd.png Fig. 5 Comparison of butterfly distortion in (a) FSW and (b) SS-FSW, under optimum conditions https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-the-idaho-national-laboratory-remote-handled-t88p224jfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-volumetric-rates-applied-during-the-two-154bi4kh.png Table 23. Volumetric rates applied during the two characterization tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-calculated-using-measured-permittivity-first-1jw7lrt3.png Figure A-2. calculated using measured permittivity, first order calibration curve for data at a 22-ft depth, and a second order calibration curve for data at 26 ft in the NuPac-West instrumented tube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-calculated-using-measured-permittivity-first-order-3uy10ix1.png Figure 43. calculated using measured permittivity, first order calibration curve for data at 12, 18, and 26-ft depths, and second order calibration curve for data at 29 ft during second characterization test in the PA south instrumented tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-53-predicted-water-saturation-5-hours-after-start-of-2u5s4thk.png Figure 53. Predicted water saturation 5 hours after start of the first characterization test. The vertical slice runs west to east through the PA south instrument tube and the left side of the domain corresponds to the edge of the vault perimeter blocks (top), vault edges (middle), and below the vaults (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-vertical-view-of-the-pa-north-instrumented-tube-2c59itdr.png Figure 12. Vertical view of the PA north instrumented tube set showing the PVC risers located within the alluvial fill material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-7-water-tension-in-the-nupac-east-instrumented-tube-2v0i1gi4.png Figure A-7. Water tension in the NuPac-East instrumented tube at 22 and 26-ft depths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-8-water-tension-in-the-nupac-east-45-ft-drilled-28f0cu22.png Figure A-8. Water tension in the NuPac-East 45-ft drilled borehole. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-locations-for-the-east-side-vault-array-285kml0i.png Figure B-1. Locations for the east-side vault array characterization tests. https://scispace.com/papers/association-and-deployment-considerations-in-dense-wireless-322cerpf2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-network-topologies-and-floor-plans-for-various-3bt0yj7a.png Fig. 1. Example network topologies and floor plans for various propagation environments, unplanned deployment and random association regimes. AP–STA pairs are represented by a connected triangle and circle. In all figures, the 54 Mbps coverage range of an example AP is highlighted. (a) Scenario-A: Low attenuation, high AP density ⇒ high interference. (b) Scenario-B: Moderate attenuation, moderate AP density ⇒ moderate interference. (c) Scenario-C: High attenuation, low AP density ⇒ low interference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-throughput-improvement-due-to-planned-deployment-when-3hwm2kp4.png Fig. 4. Throughput improvement due to planned deployment when WLANs operate in strongest-signal association mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-improvement-in-aggregate-throughput-in-planned-2oebivbh.png Fig. 3. Improvement in aggregate throughput in planned deployment regime in relation to unplanned deployment regime. Planned deployment brings most gains in moderate interference environments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-improvement-in-aggregate-throughput-in-strongest-1b4yp1uy.png Fig. 2. Improvement in aggregate throughput in strongest-signal association mode with reference to random association mode. At high AP densities, strongest-signal association improves aggregate throughput in all propagation environments. https://scispace.com/papers/association-between-benzodiazepine-use-and-exacerbations-and-3s6stxtnki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-of-benzodiazepines-zopiclone-exposure-33qmxdre.png Table 2: Association of benzodiazepines/zopiclone exposure with asthma exacerbation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-asthma-patients-with-and-without-11etoxzi.png Table 1: Characteristics of asthma patients with and without asthma exacerbation (n=131,642) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-between-benzodiazepines-zopiclone-use-efaw4xlj.png Table 4: Association between benzodiazepines/zopiclone use and all-cause mortality following asthma exacerbation in all ages (n=25887) https://scispace.com/papers/association-between-birth-weight-and-refractive-error-in-ui4siuqtou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-sample-mendelian-randomization-analysis-for-the-2zkusj67.png Table 1. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis for the role of birth weight in causing susceptibility to refractive error. The causal effect estimate is in units of Dioptres per 1 SD increase in BW. Summary statistics for stage 1 were from a meta-analysis of GWAS for BW in UK Biobank and EGG (n=188,039). Summary statistics for stage 2 were from a meta-analysis of GWAS for refractive error in UK Biobank and the CREAM (n=139,884). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-estimated-effect-sizes-for-13wsxd5h.png Figure 3. Comparison of estimated effect sizes for association with refractive error for 73 instrumental variables associated with birth weight. Error bars correspond to 95% confidence intervals. The solid green line and the dotted red line correspond to MR-Egger and IVW estimates respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interrelationships-between-birth-weight-and-other-1y81r4lt.png Figure 4. Interrelationships between birth weight and other traits. Solid arrows correspond to the direction of known association; dashed arrow corresponds to the tested association. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selection-of-uk-biobank-participants-for-gwas-for-3tk42tje.png Figure 2. Selection of UK Biobank participants for GWAS for birth weight and for refractive error. Box outline colour corresponds to: black – GWAS for refractive error sample; red – OLS and MR sample; green – GWAS for birth weight sample. (Note that none of 95,504 participants in the refractive error GWAS sample had withdrawn consent to participate). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mendelian-randomization-assumptions-3ndet60q.png Figure 1. Mendelian Randomization assumptions. https://scispace.com/papers/association-between-toxoplasma-gondii-types-and-outcomes-of-1996dzsb5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-study-selection-3h2fqcyq.png Figure 1. Flowchart of study selection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quality-assessment-using-the-nos-for-risk-of-bias-3impipl2.png Figure 2. Quality assessment using the NOS for risk of bias of included studies. The absolute number of studies was shown in boxes. For selection, 1 (7%) of the 15 included studies had low risk of bias, 13 (87%) had medium risk, and 1 (7%) had high risk of bias; for comparability, 10 (67%) studies had low risk and 5 (33%) studies had medium risk; and for health outcomes, 8 (53%) studies had low risk and 7 (47%) studies had medium risk of bias https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-meta-analysis-on-relationship-between-t-2q34sz8c.png Table II. Results of meta-analysis on relationship between T. gondii type and toxoplasmosis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-funnel-plots-of-studies-on-human-infection-with-t-6xneoje6.png Figure 4. Funnel plots of studies on human infection with T. gondii. (a) Funnel plot of studies on asymptomatic infection; (b) Funnel plot of studies on infection with mild symptoms; (c–g) Funnel plots of studies on toxoplasmosis. The plots approximately resembled a symmetrical funnel, indicating the absence of publication bias https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-t-gondii-types-by-severity-of-human-1nncgvhc.png Figure 3. Distribution of T. gondii types by severity of human infection. Different patterns of types’ distribution of the three severities demonstrated that different types of T. gondii could cause illness in humans at different severities. The highest proportions of Type II strains presented in the groups of asymptomatic infection and toxoplasmosis indicated a strong association between Type II strains and human infection https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-multiple-comparison-analysis-34np55fh.png Table I. Results of multiple comparison analysis https://scispace.com/papers/association-complex-formation-in-gas-phase-ta-cluster-3fxqmi08ta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-spectra-of-ta5-ta15-showing-the-effect-of-13yaa3n7.png Figure 2. Mass spectra of Ta5-Ta15 showing the effect of introducing isobutane into the flow tube. Reagent flow increases with descending spectral order, from 0 (top spectrum) to 80 (bottom spectrum) sccm. Product peaks associated with Ta6 and Ta11 are noted, with their empirical formula for the peak center mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-double-well-potential-energy-curve-for-a-3jdrqgkb.png Figure 1. Schematic double-well potential energy curve for a metal cluster-molecule reaction. The location of the transition states for molecular adsorption (TS 1) and dissociative adsorption (TS 2) are noted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-parameters-obtained-from-tst-fit-of-3nozo5oz.png TABLE 2: Summary of Parameters Obtained from TST Fit of Experimental Data for Kinetics of Ta Cluster Removal by Various Hydrocarbonsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rate-coefficients-for-the-reactions-of-tan-with-smyhvfkx.png Figure 6. Rate coefficients for the reactions of Tan with isobutane plotted as functions of the number of Ta atoms per cluster, at three different flow tube temperatures (9 ) 277 K, ∇ ) 300 K, b ) 372 K). A one-variable fit to the data using the transition-state theory model is shown as a solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rate-coefficients-of-lafleur-et-al-3-for-the-1o0nqerl.png Figure 7. Rate coefficients of Lafleur et al.3 for the reactions of Nbn with isobutane plotted as a function of the number of Nb atoms per cluster. Error bars reflect the estimated 20% average uncertainty in the precision of the measurements. A one-variable fit to the data using the transition-state theory model is shown as a solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absolute-second-order-rate-coefficients-k-2-for-the-15jmyrk2.png TABLE 1: Absolute Second-Order Rate Coefficients k(2) for the Removal of Tan by Alkanes in Units of 10 -12 cm3 s-1, under Various Pressure and Temperature Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-pseudo-first-order-kinetics-plots-2t1ls6dw.png Figure 3. Representative pseudo-first-order kinetics plots used to determine absolute second-order rate coefficients for Tan reactions with alkanes. Illustrated are data for Ta18 with propane (top trace) and Ta10 with isobutane (bottom trace). https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-genetic-lineages-with-ecological-features-in-10oth7gru4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principal-component-analysis-of-meadow-habitats-of-m-3l3fpy8g.png Table 2. Principal component analysis of meadow habitats of M. alpinus. Nine habitat variables reduced into 3 principal components (PC) that account for 71.5% of the total variance in the original 9 variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentages-of-individuals-n-215-from-the-3-mtdna-2gjpfexb.png Table 1. Percentages of individuals (n = 215) from the 3 mtDNA lineages found in the 7 soil types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-mtdna-lineages-of-m-alpinus-represented-in-three-1vehdifh.png Fig. 1. Three mtDNA lineages of M. alpinus represented in three–dimensional space based on principal component analysis of ecological variables. The lineages do not occupy distinct habitats. https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-pulse-wave-velocity-with-single-nucleotide-1qx0zdmhbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-participants-by-rs4074995-3m9gqpv2.png Table 3. Characteristics of participants by rs4074995 genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-distributions-of-adjusted-hbpwv-by-khspmkfo.png Figure 1. Frequency distributions of adjusted hbPWV by rs6127099 genotype (A allele carriers vs. T allele homozygotes). Adjustment were applied for sex, age, body mass index, heart rate during the pulse wave velocity measurement and season at which blood was sampled. Means values (given at the top of the distribution plots) were in patients with A allele carriers or T allele homozygotes (p¼ .065). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-included-and-1w83ed51.png Table 1. Characteristics of participants included and excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-participants-by-rs6127099-2hghdc6u.png Table 2. Characteristics of participants by rs6127099 genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-of-pwv-with-rs6127099-and-rs4074995-1sb3wqrj.png Table 4. Association of PWV with rs6127099 and rs4074995. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cfpwv-in-157-normotensive-patients-younger-than-50-1b2ziz6d.png Table 5. cfPWV in 157 normotensive patients younger than 50 years. https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-stress-related-limbic-activity-and-baseline-5d8cdjhcgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-activation-at-contrast-stress-control-condition-3agd62jk.png Table 2. Activation at contrast stress > control condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-acute-stress-task-response-1lt4uott.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of acute stress task response and stress questionnaires https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-of-il-6-with-neural-activation-at-379fj65s.png Table 4. Correlations of IL-6 with neural activation at contrast stress > control condition in regions of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-activation-at-contrast-control-stress-whole-brain-1uguvr7m.png Table 3. Activation at contrast control > stress (whole brain analysis) https://scispace.com/papers/associations-between-proposed-local-government-liquor-store-339lv9ip9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-respondents-n-990-2l95ffkw.png Table 1 Demographics of respondents (n=990) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-liquor-stores-of-different-sizes-i-e-all-3daji0he.png Table 2 Number of liquor stores of different sizes (i.e., all stores, stores >300m2 and stores >600m2) within different distances of participants’ home address (n=990) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-liquor-stores-of-different-sizes-i-e-all-1hv37fq3.png Table 3 Number of liquor stores of different sizes (i.e., all stores, stores >300m2 and stores >600m2) within different distances of participants’ home address (n=990) and associations with daily alcohol consumption at 22 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-access-to-at-least-one-liquor-store-of-different-1iw565mk.png Table 4 Access to at least one liquor store of different sizes, within different distances of participants home address (n=990) and associations with daily alcohol consumption at 22 years https://scispace.com/papers/associations-between-adverse-social-position-and-bone-3c4w8f2vqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-age-adjusted-and-multivariable-logistic-regression-18v39zqo.png Table 2: Age-adjusted and multivariable logistic regression models presenting the associations between adverse social position and osteoporosis (defined by BMD at the femoral neck ≥2.5 SD below young adult mean) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-across-2poigf6w.png Table 1: Characteristics of the study population across quintiles of household income, presented as mean (±SD), median (IQR range), or number (% weighted to the population in each quintile). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-adjusted-and-multivariable-logistic-regression-1tnrdcqc.png Table 3: Age-adjusted and multivariable logistic regression models presenting the associations between adverse social position and osteoporosis (defined by minimum T score ≥2.5 SD below young adult mean) https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetric-cycloetherifications-by-bifunctional-2t368xig5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cinchona-alkaloid-derived-aminothiourea-catalysts-au71pbka.png Figure 1 Cinchona-alkaloid-derived aminothiourea catalysts. https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetric-friction-connection-afc-design-for-seismic-energy-5481top2io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assembling-variables-for-the-6-groups-of-afcs-187-prt0ap70.png Table 1. Assembling variables for the 6 groups of AFCs 187 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparisons-between-experimental-afc-strength-and-27zgq2f4.png Figure 1. Comparisons between experimental AFC strength and theoretical AFC strength 121 predicted with Clifton model [7] and Khoo model [11] 122 123 To design AFCs considering the Khoo model [11], while accounting for the assembly and 124 manufacturing issues mentioned above, an understrength factor of 0.75 and an over strength 125 factor of 1.4 were suggested. Revised understrength and overstrength factors for design of 126 0.70 and 1.4, respectively, were proposed in [13]. The understrength factor corresponds to a 127 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-afc-strength-predictions-one-grade-8-8-bolt-with-3b94m4qc.png Figure 7. AFC strength predictions (One Grade 8.8 bolt with thread excluded from the two 444 sliding interfaces, µ = 0.25 and Fuf = 830MPa and O = 2mm) 445 446 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-bolt-axial-behaviour-variables-on-the-afc-h1xgt32c.png Figure 9. Effect of bolt axial behaviour variables on the AFC strength predicted with the 506 proposed MPV model considering elasto-plastic bolt axial behaviour 507 508 In Figure 9a, AFC strength is predicted considering bolt elasto-plastic axial behaviour and 509 varying the bolt ultimate strength, Fuf, from a nominal value of 830MPa to a value of 1.2 510 times the bolt nominal ultimate strength (1.2 Fuf = 996 MPa) [7]. It is shown AFC strength 511 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afc-devices-dimensions-test-setup-not-to-scale-and-31zukc63.png Figure 2. AFC devices dimensions, test setup (not to scale), and assessment points of 195 experimental AFC strength at a given hysteresis loop amplitude 196 197 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-axial-shear-and-moment-demand-of-bolt-for-the-1w3wv6pu.png Figure 5. Axial, shear, and moment demand of bolt for the proposed MPV models for 318 AFCs with fixed end supports at both ends 319 320 321 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-and-predicted-afc-strength-with-the-3br7gbvq.png Figure 6. Experimental and predicted AFC strength with the proposed MPV model (One 398 Grade 8.8 bolt with thread excluded from the two sliding interfaces, µ = 0.25, O = 2mm, 399 and Fuf = 830MPa) 400 401 402 403 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forces-on-afcs-during-sliding-of-slotted-plate-1ys6uogj.png Figure 3. Forces on AFCs during sliding of slotted plate, idealized bolt deformation, and 234 bolt bending moment diagram (Clifton MPV model 2005 [7]) 235 236 Here, bolts are subjected to an axial tension considering moment – axial force – shear force 237 interaction, N*, to two opposite horizontal forces equal to the friction force carried by each 238 sliding interface, P, and to an increase in bolt tension resulting from bolt rotation, ΔN*, which 239 https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetric-hydrogenation-of-seven-membered-c-n-containing-5froxg4fvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimized-geometries-of-the-transition-states-of-l1-ynqfzjmd.png Figure 3. Optimized geometries of the transition states of L1 (a) and L3 (b) and their energetic profiles in kcal·mol –1 (some H atoms omitted for clarity). (c) optimized structures of the high energy TS’s (distances in Å). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-optimized-geometries-of-h3a-ir-cl-h-3-l1-or-l3-1m9vowyu.png Figure 2. (a,b) Optimized geometries of [H3a][Ir(Cl)(H)3(L1 or L3)] assemblies. (c,d) Distances in Å of pre-TS complexes found for [H3a][Ir(Cl)(H)3(L1 or L3)] (some H atoms omitted for clarity; distances in Å). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymmetric-hydrogenation-a-of-3a-mediated-by-ir-cl-26mjpvc9.png Table 1. Asymmetric hydrogenation [a] of 3a mediated by [Ir(Cl)(cod)(L1L4)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-d-optimized-geometries-of-the-most-stable-isomers-aitwm238.png Figure 1. (a-d) Optimized geometries of the most stable isomers of [Ir(Cl)(H)2(HH)(L1 or L3)] (some H atoms omitted for clarity; distances in Å; energies in kcal·mol –1 ). https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetric-anion-p-catalysis-on-perylenediimides-1a2kzf11n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cd-spectra-of-protected-precursors-of-catalysts-6-s-14wzu2eg.png Figure 2. CD spectra of protected precursors of catalysts 6(S) (a, b), 4(S) (c, d) and 5(S,F1-F4) in CHCl3 (b, d, F1-F4) and toluene (a, c), with the absolute configuration tentatively assigned to 5(S,F3). λ / nm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anion-p-pdi-catalysts-4-7-for-the-asymmetric-2ukivg8s.png Figure 1. Anion-π PDI catalysts 4-7 for the asymmetric addition to enamine acceptor 2, with schematic structure of transition state TS1. https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetric-induction-in-the-arenethiolatocopper-i-catalyzed-34a7v71hpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chiral-arenethiolatocopper-i-complexes-applied-in-2k3yeaxr.png Figure 3. Chiral arenethiolatocopper(I) complexes applied in asymmetric substitution reactions of 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-uence-of-the-addition-method-and-the-grignard-2t5inni6.png Table 1. In¯uence of the addition method and the Grignard reagent (n.det. not detected) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-time-vs-conversion-of-3-and-e-e-of-9-3izlkb44.png Figure 1. Reaction time vs. conversion of 3 and e.e. of 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-substitution-reactions-of-2-and-4-catalyzed-by-2kt82qzf.png Table 3. Substitution reactions of 2 and 4 catalyzed by arenethiolatocopper(I) complexes prepared in situ (unless otherwise stated the reactions were carried out with a copper(I) complex prepared from arenethiol 17. The Grignard reagent (1.25 equiv.) was added within 120 min to a solution of the allylic acetate (1 equiv.) and 15 mol% of the copper(I) complex (prepared in situ) in Et2O at 08C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structure-of-the-ligands-employed-in-the-in-situ-15krsrb2.png Figure 4. Structure of the ligands employed in the in situ preparation of arenethiolatocopper(I) catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-substitution-reactions-of-3-catalyzed-by-different-26kjho44.png Table 2. Substitution reactions of 3 catalyzed by different types of chiral arenethiolatocopper(I) complexes (method A: n-BuMgI (1.25 equiv.) added within 120 min to a solution of 3 (1 equiv.) and 15 mol% of copper(I) complex (based on monomeric copper units) in Et2O at 08C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-intermediate-in-arenethiolatocopper-i-2y8ub108.png Figure 2. Proposed intermediate in arenethiolatocopper(I)-catalyzed substitution reactions of allylic acetates. https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetries-in-production-of-he-n-2-with-an-intense-few-1lze80pt3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-differential-probability-density-eq-2-for-2i4qt9tx.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Differential probability density [Eq. (2)] for SIE of He to He+(2s,2p) by a 3-cycle pulse (withω = 51 eV, CEP ϕ = π/2, and peak pulse intensity I = 2 PW/cm2) for (a) forward (θ+ = 0) and (b) backward (θ− = π ) electron ejection with kinetic energy 0.1 ! E ! 15.0 eV. The inset figures show the doubly excited state features in the energy region 3.6 ! E ! 6.6 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-k2s-2p-10-4-a-u-and-k2s-2p-deg-obtained-21l5uvpg.png TABLE I. Parameters |K2s,2p| (10−4 a.u.) and !K2s,2p (deg) obtained by fitting Eq. (5) (with I0 = 2 PW/cm2) to our 2- and 3-cycle CJM data for I = 1 and 2 PW/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-cep-dependence-of-the-energy-integrated-2ty3kcgq.png FIG. 3. (Color online) CEP dependence of the energy-integrated asymmetries !Pnl(ϕ) for SIE of He to He+(2s,2p) states by (a) 2-cycle and (b) 3-cycle pulses, with other parameters as in Fig. 1. Our CJM results are compared to the perturbation theory (PT) parametrization of Ref. [16]. (c) Comparison of the energy-integrated normalized asymmetries R2s(ϕ), R2p(ϕ), and Rn=2(ϕ) with Rn=1(ϕ) for 3-cycle pulses. https://scispace.com/papers/asymptotic-analysis-of-distributed-multi-cell-beamforming-2nmvdqv8gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-network-with-3-cells-the-crosses-2zn3pvqq.png Fig. 1. Example of a Network with 3 Cells. The crosses represent the location of the BSs and the dots represent the location of the UTs randomly scattered inside the cells. The distances of a UT from the three BSs are also provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nmse-of-the-sinr-averaged-over-1000-different-channels-hlq50eed.png Fig. 2. NMSE of the SINR averaged over 1000 different channels realizations as a function of the number of UTs for the path loss exponent β = 3.6 and given target SINR. https://scispace.com/papers/asymptotics-of-the-stirling-numbers-of-the-second-kind-1dhhr3cjle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-zn-m-and-l85yficv.png Figure 1. Zn(m) and https://scispace.com/papers/asynchronous-transient-resilient-links-for-noc-4qdmm5e122 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rx-ref-circuit-31wgw5x5.png Figure 9 RX REF Circuit https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-cost-of-link-um2-2vywgrj2.png Table 2 Area Cost of Link (µm2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dynamic-and-static-average-power-uw-3hmwh69f.png Table 3 Dynamic and Static Average Power (µW) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-asynchronous-links-1pmqrkcd.png Figure 1 Current asynchronous links https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-symbol-and-reference-phase-relationship-16upv8x5.png Figure 3 Symbol and reference phase relationship https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-link-2pepyiqj.png Figure 2 Overview of link https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-proposed-and-existing-links-3ufnf0hz.png Table 1 Comparison of proposed and existing links https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-state-diagram-of-coding-1bwddn9n.png Figure 4 State Diagram of Coding https://scispace.com/papers/at-wavelength-characterization-of-refractive-x-ray-lenses-4hf1c4xkky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-contour-plot-of-the-wavefront-and-143j41u4.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Contour plot of the wavefront and beryllium lens profile reconstructed from Figs. 2(a) and 2(b), the lens profile changes by 100lm beryllium or 1.2k at k¼ 0.54 Å from one contour line to the next, (b) mean focal length along lines sketched in (a), plotted as function of azimuthal angle a. The two curves are the results of two subsequent measurements, and they differ by 3m on average. We observe a slight astigmatism of Df/f¼ 2%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-beryllium-focusing-lens-with-r1-4-1mm-apex-radius-of-y39m81w2.png FIG. 2. Beryllium focusing lens with R¼ 1mm apex radius of curvature, measured using a two-dimensional grating interferometer. (a) and (b) Refraction angle a (proportional to the differential phase) of the beryllium focusing lens in vertical and horizontal direction. (c) and (d) Deviation in refraction angle Da from the ideal lens shape. (e) and (f) Profiles from three adjacent lines offset in the plot by 30 nrad, at locations sketched in (c) and (d), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-two-dimensional-grating-interferometer-3jg2vt5r.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Two-dimensional grating interferometer setup with focusing lens under test. Downstream of the lens are the beam splitter phase grating G1 with checkerboard structures of period p1, the absorbing analyzer grating G2 with mesh structures of period p2, and the imaging detector downstream of G2 (not depicted here). https://scispace.com/papers/atlas-of-modern-dinoflagellate-cyst-distribution-based-on-3r871g9psw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-86-relative-abundances-of-impagidinium-pallidum-in-25k2zmwc.png Fig. 86. Relative abundances of Impagidinium pallidum in relationship to seasonal salinity in surface waters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-87-relative-abundances-of-impagidinium-pallidum-in-1pusbtkq.png Fig. 87. Relative abundances of Impagidinium pallidum in relationship to seasonal temperature in surface waters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-206-relative-abundances-of-quinquecuspis-concreta-in-2u7kwncb.png Fig. 206. Relative abundances of Quinquecuspis concreta in relationship to seasonal salinity in surface waters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-207-relative-abundances-of-quinquecuspis-concreta-in-6t99uyiq.png Fig. 207. Relative abundances of Quinquecuspis concreta in relationship to seasonal temperature in surface waters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-143-relative-abundances-of-operculodinium-centrocarpum-2naa9ece.png Fig. 143. Relative abundances of Operculodinium centrocarpum var. arctica in relationship to seasonal temperature in surface waters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-142-relative-abundances-of-operculodinium-centrocarpum-7ptolsn3.png Fig. 142. Relative abundances of Operculodinium centrocarpum var. arctica in relationship to seasonal salinity in surface waters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-260-geographic-distribution-of-stelladinium-stellatum-tn6jraf0.png Fig. 260. Geographic distribution of Stelladinium stellatum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-261-relative-abundances-of-trinovantedinium-applanatum-3vmb2n26.png Fig. 261. Relative abundances of Trinovantedinium applanatum in relationship to seasonal temparature in surface waters. https://scispace.com/papers/atlas-transition-radiation-tracker-trt-straw-tubes-for-1ule4x3psd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-track-position-measurement-accuracy-in-the-straw-as-oaj19iff.png Figure 4: Track position measurement accuracy in the straw as a function of pseudorapidity (η) for muons pT > 30 GeV. Data (solid circles) and simulation (open circles) are shown for 2012 running at 25 ≤ µ ≤ 30 [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trt-straw-occupancy-as-a-function-of-h-u-in-the-3e5jqwxy.png Figure 3: TRT straw occupancy as a function of h µ in the barrel for “fat bunch” runs (no pile-up from adjacent bunches) during 2012 at √ s = 8 TeV. Data (solid circles) and simulation (filled histograms) [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-trt-straw-pulse-and-electronic-lt-and-ht-3mnm9ic5.png Figure 2: The TRT straw pulse and electronic LT and HT response. Reduced readout word format (in read) together with “validity gate” (in green) are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-probability-to-exceed-the-high-threshold-for-39tuk8oc.png Figure 8: The probability to exceed the high threshold for electrons and muons from J/ψ and Z decays as a function of the Lorentz γ-factor for tracks with in the TRT barrel region. Data (solid symbols) and simulation (open symbols) are presented [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-ht-probability-as-a-function-of-average-number-2lc9tj8u.png Figure 10: The HT probability as a function of average number of interactions per bunch crossing for electrons [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pion-misidentification-probability-for-ht-fraction-17qde3ah.png Figure 9: Pion misidentification probability for HT fraction criteria that gives 90% electron efficiency in different TRT regions (data are presented in bins of |η|) [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-view-of-the-atlas-inner-detector-3-zqgmz83o.png Figure 1: A schematic view of the ATLAS Inner Detector [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trt-track-extension-fraction-as-a-function-of-total-x4so47n9.png Figure 5: TRT track extension fraction as a function of total TRT occupancy from minimum bias events at 40 < µ < 70 [4]. https://scispace.com/papers/atomic-level-imaging-of-co2-disposal-as-a-carbonate-mineral-4zv753h2us 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-field-emission-scanning-electron-microscopy-fesem-10pbtjv6.png Figure 12. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of triangular surface features that form during dehydroxylation-carbonation processes. Fe impurities segregate into the above triangular regions during dehydroxylation/carbonation, but seem to have little effect on carbonation reactivity at these low concentrations, as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-possible-mg-oh-2-carbonation-reaction-pathways-1rz23146.png Figure 13. Possible Mg(OH)2 carbonation reaction pathways during dehydroxylation and/or rehydroxylation. The intermediate lamellar oxyhydroxide solid solution series, Mgx+yOx(OH)2y, is represented by nominal compositions of Mg3O(OH)4 and Mg3O2(OH)2. The green, red, white, and black spheres correspond to the Mg, O, H, and C atom positions, respectively. Whereas MgO and Mg(OH)2 can form by dehydroxylation and rehydroxylation, respectively (potentially cycling back and forth at low temperatures), carbonate formation is thermodynamically dictated as a one way reaction (below the MgCO3 decomposition temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-onset-of-low-temperature-dehydroxylation-is-22b3e09c.png Figure 5. The onset of low-temperature dehydroxylation is frequently associated with delamination “blister” formation. The above bright field optical microscopy images are taken perpendicular to the Mg(OH)2 single crystal basal planes just after the onset of low-temperature dehydroxylation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-microscopic-progression-of-low-temperature-387i4q7h.png Figure 6. The microscopic progression of low-temperature dehydroxylation (380 oC): (a) blister formation after one minute; (b) the onset of cracking perpendicular to the host lamella after two minutes; (c) formation and growth of cracking nucleation centers after 30 minutes; (d) extensive cracking down to the micron/sub-micron level after two hours. The images are shown in grey scale to emphasize crack growth and propagation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percent-dehydroxylation-vs-co2-pressure-for-brucite-bizm96wz.png Figure 8. Percent dehydroxylation vs. CO2 pressure for brucite single crystals reacted at 585ºC (±5ºC) for 16 hours (±15min). The triangles represent samples cooled down in CO2 in 30-40 minutes. The squares represent samples that were quenched to ambient temperature from 585 oC and simultaneously evacuated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percent-carbonate-formed-vs-co2-pressure-for-1ocd32a2.png Figure 7. Percent carbonate formed vs. CO2 pressure for brucite single crystals reacted at 585ºC (±5ºC) for 16 hours (±15min). The triangles represent samples cooled down under CO2 in 30-40 minutes. The squares represent samples that were quenched to ambient temperature from 585 oC and simultaneously evacuated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ion-beam-mg-oh-2-mgco3-and-mgo-composition-analysis-juqgrsj7.png Table 4: Ion Beam Mg(OH)2, MgCO3, and MgO Composition Analysis as a Function of Depth from the Basal Plane (0001) of a Brucite Single Crystal Reacted for 16 hours at 589 ºC under 940 psi of CO2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sample-compositions-for-reaction-positions-in-figure-3ddiikpo.png Table 3: Sample Compositions for Reaction Positions in Figure 10* https://scispace.com/papers/atomic-modifications-by-synchrotron-radiation-at-the-calcite-140acho51e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xps-spectra-for-the-c-1s-region-from-calcite-39ailbgc.png Figure 4 XPS spectra for the C 1s region from calcite crystal surfaces treated differently. The red line belongs to the dosed in situ ethanol monolayer, the black to the surface radiated for 8 h and the green line to the surface non-exposed to X-rays. The peak at 285.5 eV represents the energy of the core electrons from C involved in C—H and C—C bonds, indicating the presence of ethanol molecules and also adventitious carbon. The peak at 287.1 eV (red) represents CH2—OH bonds from the dosed ethanol and the peak at 287.5 eV (black) is for any C—O (e.g. C—OH or C—O—O). The differences in the C—O peak from the radiated area (black) compared with the two other spectra indicate that there is more OH bonding than in a standard calcite–ethanol interface, i.e. from ethanol or ethanol residue, and that it is attached via stronger bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-model-parameters-for-29035vxo.png Figure 3 Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters for treating the data of Fig. 1. Using the 0 min data set as reference, we varied a single parameter at a time: (a) roughness of the interface between the calcite and the first ethanol later, Calcite/EtOH-1; (b) thickness of the bulk ethanol, ZEtOH-3; (c) relative density of the two first molecular layers of calcite, Calcite, and (d) relative density of the ethanol layer bonded to the calcite, EtOH-1. From this analysis we can interpret that an increase in the density of the two first calcite layers is responsible for the flattening of the oscillations and an increase in the density of the first structured ethanol layer decreases the amplitude of the oscillation at q = 1.0 to 1.2 Å 1. Changes in interface roughness and bulk ethanol thickness (EtOH-3) have a negligible effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-for-fitting-the-density-profiles-of-2aaol4qf.png Table 1 Parameters used for fitting the density profiles of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-evolution-and-model-fits-for-the-reflectivity-33f000tp.png Figure 1 Time evolution and model fits for the reflectivity data. All scans are from the same location except the one from 0 min, which was taken after 500 min at a new site on the same sample that had not been exposed to the X-ray beam during the initial set of experiments. The sharper features of the scan from a pristine area suggest that loss of detail in the time evolution series results from beam damage, not from any natural aging process at the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-density-profiles-derived-from-the-time-series-in-k2q9d8me.png Figure 2 Density profiles derived from the time series in Fig. 1 using the model established by Pasarı́n et al. (2012). We kept the ethanol layer thickness constant. The gap, labeled EtOH-2, between the ethanol that is hydrogen bonded to the calcite interface, EtOH-1, and the bulk ethanol, EtOH-3, is visible during the time series, but its features are not well resolved. This loss of resolution arises because the last oscillation, from q = 1.0 to 1.2 Å 1, is not distinguishable from the background. However, a clear difference is the increase in the density of the two first molecular layers of calcite ( 6 Å) and in the ethanol attached to them (Table 1). The y-axis scale directly matches only the 0 min density profile. The other profiles have been shifted by 0.5 g cm 3 each, to allow differences to be seen. https://scispace.com/papers/atp-dependent-dna-transport-within-cohesin-scc2-clamps-dna-4d3ezrc4el 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dna-binding-to-scc3-is-required-for-its-entrapment-3vz12g0j.png Figure 3. DNA binding to Scc3 is required for its entrapment by S-K rings (A) Structure of S. cerevisiae Scc3 (orange) protein in complex with a fragment of Scc1 (green) (PDB 6H8Q). Labelled are the six residues within the DNA binding groove of Scc3 that were mutated to glutamate (Scc3-6E). (B) EMSA comparing the ability of WT Scc3-Scc1269-451 and Scc3-6E-Scc1269-451 complexes to bind dsDNA. (C) Average calibrated ChIP-seq profiles of Scc1-PK6 60 kb either side of CENs in the presence of ectopic WT Scc3 (KN27821) or Scc3-6E (KN27804). Cells were arrested in G1 with -factor prior to release into auxin and nocodazole containing media at https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3fxjt4hh.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/attenuating-the-escalation-of-commitment-to-a-faltering-4ezab55hu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-investment-percentage-of-the-available-budget-3tnt5cl2.png Figure 2. Mean investment (percentage of the available budget) by intention and phase (N ¼ 46 triads) in Study 2. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/papers/attic-or-roof-an-evaluation-of-two-advanced-weatherization-53hba5yue9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-high-density-fiberglass-batt-in-extended-rafter-1jhcq0ea.png Figure 26. High density fiberglass batt in extended rafter cavity; Right: Completed roof rafter strategy (Photo credit: S. Marchese, printed with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-left-extruded-polystyrene-and-wood-furring-strip-3nuzclvm.png Figure 25. Left: Extruded polystyrene and wood furring strip used to extend rafter cavity; Right: Attic with rafter cavities extended in preparation for mineral fiber insulation (Photo credit: S. Marchese, printed with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-left-framing-added-above-exterior-wall-at-inset-fmxw95zr.png Figure 20. Left: Framing added above exterior wall at inset entry; Right: rigid board insulation installed to transition thermal control from exterior wall to roof assembly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-attic-floorboards-partially-removed-for-attic-27wty00w.png Figure 8. Left: Attic floorboards partially removed for attic deck air sealing and insulation; Right: Attic floorboards removed intact (Photo credit: S. Marchese, printed with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-creating-access-to-dropped-soffit-area-and-13mh2syc.png Figure 9. Left: Creating access to dropped soffit area and plumbing wall; Right: Attic floorboard repurposed in sealing plumbing chase (Photo credit: S. Marchese, printed with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-common-decision-factors-at-test-homes-nb2md5zi.png Table 1. Summary of Common Decision Factors at Test Homes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-left-small-space-with-limited-access-at-face-of-1s1heg94.png Figure 21. Left: Small space with limited access at face of dormer. Right: section of interior finish removed to allow air sealing (Photo credit: E. Haber, printed with permission) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-furring-cavity-between-brick-masonry-and-interior-rco1eotu.png Figure 2. Furring cavity between brick masonry and interior finish as seen from the attic https://scispace.com/papers/attitude-and-anxiety-of-teacher-candidate-on-the-methods-of-1cp31z5n6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-independent-t-test-scores-of-attitude-levels-of-the-xcgs93vl.png Table 2. Independent t-Test scores of attitude levels of the students in the 3rd grade and 4th grade of Classroom Teaching Department who took creative drama class https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-independent-t-test-scores-of-anxiety-points-of-the-3vslgmg6.png Table 3. Independent t-Test scores of anxiety points of the students in the 3rd grade and 4th grade of Classroom Teaching Department who took creative drama class https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-independent-t-test-scores-of-attitude-levels-of-the-7vsq6uks.png Table 4. Independent t-Test scores of attitude levels of the students in the 2nd grade and 3rd grade of Elementary MathematicsTeaching Department who took creative drama class https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-independent-t-test-scores-of-anxiety-points-of-the-5tn3mzxt.png Table 5. Independent t-Test scores of anxiety points of the students in the 2nd grade and 3rd grade of Elementary MathematicsTeaching Department who took creative drama class https://scispace.com/papers/attitudes-and-decisions-of-the-motor-insurance-buyers-in-3hfop5l8so 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-factors-influencing-the-choice-of-motor-insurance-21gx7q0q.png FIGURE 4. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF MOTOR INSURANCE IN A GIVEN INSURANCE COMPANY (IN %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-motor-insurance-distribution-models-in-the-selected-cyyi4irp.png TABLE 1. MOTOR INSURANCE DISTRIBUTION MODELS IN THE SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forms-of-motor-insurance-purchase-according-to-sex-2b7n05vr.png FIGURE 2. FORMS OF MOTOR INSURANCE PURCHASE ACCORDING TO SEX (IN %) https://scispace.com/papers/attitudes-towards-mental-disorders-and-emotional-empathy-in-5189jo0stb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attitudes-of-non-mental-health-professionals-and-9eng1wgh.png Table 2 Attitudes of non-mental health professionals and mental health professionals towards people with mental disorders https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-of-prevalence-of-mental-disorders-by-48wzr0e8.png Table 1 Estimation of prevalence of mental disorders by mental health and non-mental health professionals https://scispace.com/papers/attributes-regrouping-in-fuzzy-rule-based-classification-2pa9qur3ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-used-data-set-3hiwugfy.png TABLE 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE USED DATA SET https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sif-intra-influence-of-the-correlation-threshold-1puaspch.png TABLE 2. SIF-INTRA: INFLUENCE OF THE CORRELATION THRESHOLD https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-sif-sifco-and-sif-intra-3e6491z1.png TABLE 3. COMPARISON BETWEEN SIF, SIFCO AND SIF-INTRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-fuzzy-grid-1aw4unlm.png Fig. 1. Simple fuzzy grid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-describing-the-different-steps-of-sifco-31-es4vze4n.png Fig. 2. Diagram describing the different steps of SIFCO [31] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-matrix-processing-in-sif-intra-121hx751.png Fig. 4. Matrix processing in SIF-INTRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-attributes-regrouping-steps-in-sif-intra-279fbtdf.png Fig. 3. Attributes regrouping steps in SIF-INTRA https://scispace.com/papers/atypical-early-histories-predict-lower-extraversion-in-pk9ebld8wf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-association-of-chimpanzee-human-index-infant-chii-b2tyuu5g.png Table 1 Association of Chimpanzee Human Index Infant (CHIi)) Scores with Personality Factors https://scispace.com/papers/auctioning-of-co2-emission-allowances-in-phase-3-of-the-eu-22ud1ddg7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-auctioning-share-in-phase-3-under-different-pfwmnimz.png Table 1: Total auctioning share in phase 3 under different scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/audio-quality-measurements-for-wireless-microphones-in-18pz6h9mq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-robustness-gain-sirpsd-obtained-by-carrier-notching-3h780lb0.png TABLE V ROBUSTNESS GAIN (SIRPSD) OBTAINED BY CARRIER NOTCHING IN COMPARISON TO A CORRESPONDING CONTIGUOUS OFDM SYSTEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-robustness-gain-sirpsd-by-application-of-oqam-ofdm-1p3g1lyp.png TABLE VI ROBUSTNESS GAIN (SIRPSD) BY APPLICATION OF OQAM-OFDM INSTEAD OF CP-OFDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-wm-transmission-link-2699vh6b.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of a WM transmission link https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-wm-and-nc-ofdm-systems-30xari2u.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF THE WM AND NC-OFDM SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnitude-responses-for-the-filters-applied-in-the-rc6j6twg.png Fig. 3. Magnitude responses for the filters applied in the investigated MC schemes. The abscissa compression of the sinc-function of the CP-OFDM system is caused by the selected cyclic prefix length of 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-concept-of-wm-in-an-ofdm-spectrum-pooling-scenario-4-1dbz8fi3.png Fig. 2. Concept of WM in an OFDM spectrum pooling scenario [4] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-measured-x-db-bandwidth-of-the-wm-signal-where-x-1j7lmmsq.png TABLE II MEASURED X DB BANDWIDTH OF THE WM SIGNAL WHERE X REPRESENTS THE ATTENUATION OF THE SIGNAL AT THE GIVEN BANDWIDTH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-the-measurement-setup-applied-for-the-3rrn21zb.png Fig. 4. Block diagram of the measurement setup applied for the ODG evaluation showing the FM link with a fixed power level as well as the different interfering links with variable power. A real-time spectrum analyzer (RSA) for monitoring and signal power measurements for SIR calculations is added. https://scispace.com/papers/audio-source-separation-based-on-convolutive-transfer-2d17t8k9mb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-source-separation-performance-sdr-in-db-for-various-3odffxqf.png Table 2: Source separation performance (SDR in dB) for various number of sources (T60 = 0.5 s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-times-in-seconds-for-a-3-source-mixture-27z329uc.png Table 1: Computation times, in seconds, for a 3-source mixture and for various reverberation times. All the algorithms were implemented in Matlab. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-separation-performance-sdr-for-3-source-3f6k7325.png Fig. 1: Source separation performance (SDR) for 3-source mixtures as a function of reverberation time. https://scispace.com/papers/auditory-and-visual-capture-during-focused-visual-attention-4xvkiycjwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-reaction-times-in-milliseconds-standard-d44utvuk.png Table 1 Mean Reaction Times (in Milliseconds), Standard Deviations, and Percentages of Errors for Experiments 1–5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-experiment-1-presented-as-an-average-28kk3d8d.png Figure 2. Results of Experiment 1 presented as an average reaction time (ms) for each condition (valid, neutral, and invalid). The error bars show the .95 confidence intervals for the exogenous cuing main effect (Loftus & Masson, 1994). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-experiment-5-presented-as-an-average-3ik84z0c.png Figure 6. Results of Experiment 5 presented as an average reaction time (ms) for each condition. The four combinations for the factors exogenous cue modality (visual and auditory) and endogenous cue presence (present, focused state, and not present, nonfocused state) are plotted as separate lines. The endogenous cue validity (valid, neutral, and invalid) is plotted on the x-axis. The error bars show the .95 confidence intervals for the exogenous cuing main effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-experiment-2-presented-as-an-average-xbq7zb0y.png Figure 3. Results of Experiment 2 presented as an average reaction time (ms). The endogenous visual cue conditions (valid 80% and invalid 20%) are plotted as separate lines. The exogenous auditory cue conditions (valid, neutral, and invalid) are plotted along the x-axis. The error bars show the .95 confidence intervals for the exogenous cuing main effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-experiment-4-presented-as-an-average-1uyswfio.png Figure 5. Results of Experiment 4 presented as an average reaction time (ms) for each condition (valid, neutral, and invalid). The error bars show the .95 confidence intervals for the exogenous cuing main effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-experiment-3-presented-as-an-average-3oehw9d2.png Figure 4. Results of Experiment 3 presented as an average reaction time (ms) for each condition (valid, neutral, and invalid). The error bars show the .95 confidence intervals for the exogenous cuing main effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-paradigm-used-2pzvh5hn.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the paradigm used. Participants performed an orthogonal cuing task in which they had to discriminate between targets presented above or below the vertical middle of the screen. Targets were presented on the left or right side of the screen and were preceded with a stimulus onset asynchrony of 200 ms by a nonpredictable auditory cue coming out of the left or right loudspeaker. ISI interstimulus interval, RT reaction time. https://scispace.com/papers/augmented-chemistry-interactive-education-system-wztss7mggs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-led-glove-hand-gesture-3oqijx3s.png Fig 4: LED Glove Hand Gesture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tetrahedral-molecular-structure-of-the-methane-jbkpriu1.png Fig 1: Tetrahedral molecular structure of the Methane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fiduciary-marker-keyboard-consisting-of-elements-from-1h0wnjwm.png Fig 3: Fiduciary Marker Keyboard consisting of elements from the periodic table, Enter, Back and Reset keys along with Base marker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-initial-setup-of-the-project-3flwesta.png Fig 2: The Initial setup of the Project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-augmented-markers-rotation-cube-n6xqwtpd.png Fig 5: The augmented markers rotation cube https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-methane-ch4-molecule-being-rotated-by-the-cube-1iga5mb9.png Fig 6: Methane (CH4) molecule being rotated by the cube https://scispace.com/papers/augmenter-of-liver-regeneration-regulates-cellular-iron-599rn9tg6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-abcb8-interacts-with-mia40-during-its-transport-16u5oi0q.png Figure 6. ABCB8 interacts with Mia40 during its transport into mitochondria. (A) Representative western blot image of mitochondrial lysates and His-tag pulldown fraction from cells overexpressing His-tagged MIA40 or empty vector. (B) Co-immunoprecipitation of His-tagged MIA40 and endogenous ABCB8 in mitochondrial fraction from cells overexpressing indicated constructs. (C) Clustal Omega alignment of ABCB8 protein sequences from higher vertebrate showing the location of five conserved cysteines (highlighted in yellow). (D) Co-immunoprecipitation of His-tagged MIA40 and Flag-tagged ABCB8 in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-downregulation-of-alr-in-hek293-cells-reduces-3htmfzua.png Figure 4. Downregulation of ALR in HEK293 cells reduces mitochondrial ABCB8 protein level. (A) mRNA levels of ABCB7 and ABCB8 in HEK293 cells with ALR downregulation (n=6). Total cellular levels of ABCB7 (B) and ABCB8 (C) in HEK293 cells with ALR downregulation. Mitochondrial levels of ABCB7 (D) and ABCB8 (E) in HEK293 cells with ALR downregulation. Densitometry analysis is shown together with representative images. n=3 for panels B-E. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * P<0.05 by ANOVA. N.S.=not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-downregulation-of-alr-increases-tfrc-levels-and-takt4gqa.png Figure 2. Downregulation of ALR increases Tfrc levels and cellular iron content through IRP1. Tfrc mRNA levels (A) and transferrin-dependent iron uptake (B) in WT MEFs with Alr downregulation (n=56). (C) Steady-state 55Fe levels in cytosolic and mitochondrial fraction from cells treated with Alr siRNA (n=6). (D) Schematic representation of Tfrc 3’UTR reporter constructs. (E) Full length Tfrc 3’UTR reporter activities were measured in WT MEFs with ALR downregulation (n=6). (F) IRE-deleted Tfrc 3’UTR reporter activities in WT MEFs with ALR downregulation (n=14-18). (G) Alr and Tfrc mRNA levels in Aco1 KD MEFs treated with Alr siRNA (n=4-6). (H) TFRC-mediated 55Fe uptake in Aco1 KD MEFs treated with Alr siRNA (n=6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * P<0.05 by ANOVA. N.S.=not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-downregulation-of-alr-results-in-cytoplasmic-fe-s-3i9fipyn.png Figure 1. Downregulation of Alr results in cytoplasmic Fe/S cluster maturation defects. (A) mRNA (n=6) and (B) protein (n=3) levels of Alr in wild type (WT) MEFs with or without Alr downregulation. GPAT protein levels (n=3, C), xanthine oxidase (XO, n=6, D) and cytosolic aconitase (n=6, E) activities in cells treated with Alr siRNA. Mitochondrial complex I (n=7-8, F) and complex II activity (n=7-8, G) in WT MEFs with Alr downregulation. Quantification of western blotting images is shown in the same panel. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * P<0.05 by ANOVA. N.S.=not significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overexpression-of-mitochondrial-but-not-cytosolic-2c14m8ur.png Figure 3. Overexpression of mitochondrial but not cytosolic isoform of ALR rescues the iron-sulfur cluster maturation defects from ALR downregulation. Tfrc mRNA levels (n=6, A) and transferrindependent iron uptake (n=4-6, B) were measured in WT MEFs with endogenous Alr downregulation and concurrent overexpression of different ALR isoforms. Cytosolic aconitase (n=7-8, C) and XO activities (n=5-6, D), and GPAT protein levels (n=3, E) are measured in cells with downregulation of endogenous ALR and overexpression of various ALR isoforms. # indicate the band correspond to GPAT protein. (F) Quantification of panel E. EV=empty vector. ALR short=cytosolic isoform of ALR lacking the first 80 amino acids. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * P<0.05 by ANOVA with post hoc Tukey comparison. N.S.=not significant. https://scispace.com/papers/aulacoseira-stevensiae-sp-nov-coscinodiscophyceae-34z5r73hbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-viet-nam-and-location-of-ho-ba-be-waqzdolp.png Figure 1. Map of Viet Nam and location of Ho Ba Bê. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-ho-ba-be-x-represents-location-of-sediment-3kakiawf.png Figure 2. Map of Ho Ba Bê. X represents location of sediment core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-variation-in-relative-abundance-of-a-stevensiae-3kspaww4.png Figure 17. Variation in relative abundance of A. stevensiae down core. Preliminary 14C- and 137Cs-based dates are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-11-16-figure-11-valve-view-of-a-stevensiae-valve-2ouhvhdf.png Figures 11–16. Figure 11. Valve view of A. stevensiae. Valve face is flat with many areolae throughout. Figure 12. Girdle view of A. stevensiae. Mantle striae are inclined or curved, usually to the right. Figure 13. Aulacoseira stevensiae spines. Note the spines are inclined to the right. Figure 14. Sinistrorse specimen of A. stevensiae. Note that the mantle striae are still dextrorse, while the spines are sinistrorse. Figures 15–16. Views of the Ringleiste of A. stevensiae. Note that the inner rim of the Ringleiste is thicker than the rest. Scale bars = 2 µm (Figures 11–13); 5 µm (Figures 14–16). https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-10-figures-3-5-holotype-of-a-stevensiae-figures-6-2yj1f5xf.png Figures 3–10. Figures 3–5. Holotype of A. stevensiae. Figures 6–10. A. stevensiae specimens from throughout the core. Scale bar = 5 µm (Figures 3–5, g); 10 µm (Figures 6–8, 10). https://scispace.com/papers/australia-s-martial-madonna-the-army-nurse-s-commemoration-4hgrg5lbte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-st-johns-cathedral-c-1911-south-transept-with-2smel9z8.png Figure 2.2: St John’s Cathedral, c.1911. South transept with empty lancet windows. Note the rest of the lancets are also devoid of glass. Queensland State Library, image 202776. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-l-bernard-hall-william-montgomery-1910-private-21l1bxfe.png Figure 3.8: L. Bernard Hall, William Montgomery, 1910. Private Collection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-one-of-the-girls-advocate-23-june-1943-5-a9357001-85b6r66e.png Figure 6.1: One of the Girls. Advocate, 23 June 1943, 5. (A9357001, SLV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-john-ashwin-1920-soldiers-memorial-window-glen-3imaqo1e.png Figure 5.5: John Ashwin (1920) Soldiers’ Memorial Window, Glen Innes Uniting Church. Author’s image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-a-sisters-sacrifice-gertrude-e-munro-tree-977-2hyph6t7.png Figure 1.2: A Sister’s Sacrifice. Gertrude E. Munro: tree 977, Ballarat Avenue of Honour. The Maltese Cross signifies Sister Munro’s status as one of Ballarat’s fallen. Author’s image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-robin-moorehouse-australian-service-nurses-national-3repi96c.png Figure 1: Robin Moorehouse, Australian Service Nurses’ National Memorial, 1999. Glass. Anzac Parade, Canberra. Author’s image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-19-hardman-co-resurrection-window-detail-1950-8zlvpj3k.png Figure 5.19: Hardman & Co., Resurrection Window (detail), 1950. Author’s image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-the-fallen-of-wentworth-falls-this-monument-is-1j2fm3fn.png Figure 1.5: The fallen of Wentworth Falls. This monument is unusual in that it listed a high level of detail for all of the fallen. Author’s image. https://scispace.com/papers/autoantibody-to-apolipoprotein-a-1-in-hepatitis-c-virus-2bzsl4gxy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-level-of-serum-autoantibody-to-apolipoprotein-a-1-igg-3cv72cya.png Fig. 2 Level of serum autoantibody to apolipoprotein A-1 IgG by ELISA [cutoff 37% and shown by the broken red line] in advanced chronic HCV according to HCV genotype. HCV GT1 (n = 52 samples, 31 HCV RNA negative and 21 with detectable HCV RNA). HCV GT3 (n = 37 samples, 22 HCV RNA negative and 15 with detectable HCV RNA). Higher AAA1 antibody levels were found in HCV GT3 patients compared to HCV GT1 patients (38.2 vs. 33.2%; p = 0.019) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-igg-autoantibody-response-to-apoa-1-is-associated-with-kbh5s3t5.png Fig. 3 IgG autoantibody response to apoA-1 is associated with cholesterol concentration. Correlation analysis showed an inverse relationship between AAA1 autoantibody responses and cholesterol concentration (r = - 0.32; p = 0.005). Linear regression analysis showed that the magnitude of the AAA1 autoantibody response was a significant negative predictor of cholesterol concentration (R2 = 10.24; p = 0.005). Open circled samples were AAA1 IgGnegative samples and closed black circles were AAA1 IgG-positive samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-igg-autoantibody-response-to-apoa-1-is-not-associated-1dsed4cc.png Fig. 4 IgG autoantibody response to apoA-1 is not associated with traditional lipid cardiovascular risk factors; a shows no significant relationship with the proatherogenic:antiatherogenic ratio apoB/ apoA-1, b shows no significant relationship with TG/HDL-C and c shows no significant relationship with the total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. Open circled samples were AAA1 IgG-negative samples and closed black circles were AAA1 IgG-positive samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-autoantibody-to-apolipoprotein-a-1-igg-elisa-reading-26pwct1r.png Fig. 1 Autoantibody to apolipoprotein A-1 IgG ELISA reading (cutoff 37%) in 27 patients with advanced chronic HCV before, during and after direct-acting anti-viral therapy, commenced at week 0. By week 12 all patients responded to antiviral treatment and were HCV RNA negative. a Results in HCV genotype 1 patients, 2/15 relapsed after end of therapy; b results in HCV genotype 3 patients, 1/12 relapsed. Closed black circles show autoantibody-positive patients at week 0, open circles show autoantibody negative patients at week 0, the broken dashed black line shows patients that changed from seropositive to seronegative and vice versa during sampling. Error bars show the standard deviation between replicate values. The thick dashed grey line indicates a positive AAA1 IgG response https://scispace.com/papers/autocrats-in-the-united-nations-general-assembly-a-test-of-1dwl8k881o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-1qpudwbv.png Figure 1. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for votes on all contested resolutions between 1950 and 2018 by government type https://scispace.com/figures/table-a15-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-mmd7va87.png Table A15. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for contested votes on Israel- and Palestinian issues-related UNGA resolutions, robustness test: Jackknife standard errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-rhx91obp.png Table 1. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for contested votes on Israel- and Palestinian issues-related UNGA resolutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-a16-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-3sw1ifny.png Table A16. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for contested votes on State of Israel-related UNGA resolutions (excluding Palestinian issues and related UN missions), robustness test: Jackknife standard errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-a11-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-2zthk2zc.png Table A11. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for contested votes on State of Israel-related UNGA resolutions (excluding Palestinian issues and related UN missions), robustness test: Institutionalized Autocracy score by Gurr et al. (2018) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a12-robustness-test-absolute-difference-of-ideal-3tgmhruq.png Table A12. Robustness test: absolute difference of ideal points between Israel and UNGA member countries for votes on all contested UNGA resolutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-a13-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-2a09l4po.png Table A13. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for contested votes on Israel- and Palestinian issues-related UNGA resolutions, robustness test: standard errors clustered at country-level https://scispace.com/figures/table-a14-yearly-average-agreement-rate-between-israel-and-594al2bp.png Table A14. Yearly average agreement rate between Israel and UNGA member countries for contested votes on State of Israel-related UNGA resolutions (excluding Palestinian issues and related UN missions), robustness test: standard errors clustered at country-level https://scispace.com/papers/autoionization-lifetimes-in-laser-excited-na2-rydberg-states-4fw10frkfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-these-effects-become-more-pronounced-as-av-increases-2zykfg6m.png Table 1. These effects become more pronounced as Av increases but lifetimes are always of the same magnitude and the processes are fundamentally the same. https://scispace.com/papers/automated-chemical-crystallography-3a78wbgmcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-from-se2ph2-rotational-barrier-calculations-2o18vhux.png Figure 3. Results from Se2Ph2 rotational barrier calculations (B3LYP/962(d)/6-31G* geometries employed, see Supporting Information for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-structures-of-p-se2ph2-2-m-se2ph2-2a-the-s-5tm29htm.png Figure 2. X-ray structures of P-Se2Ph2 (2), M-Se2Ph2 (2a) The S and Te analogues are isomorphous. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-parameters-from-a-study-of-ammonium-3107iy5l.png Table 1 Selected parameters from a study of ammonium bitartrate crystals, [NH4][C4H5O6] All data were collected at 125 K. The molecule crystallises in the orthorhombic space group P212121. Typical standard uncertainties of cell parameters 0.002-0.003 Å. Values are for data as automatically processed, agreement factors are for a model with no hydrogen atoms, all non-hydrogen atoms refined with anisotropic thermal parameters. Supplementary Table s1 contains details of crystal dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-the-outcome-of-automatic-crystal-2jbbilk6.png Figure 1. Examples of the outcome of automatic crystal centring using different size/shape crystals. The red circle represents the central portion of the X-ray beam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-ci95-for-e2ph2-experiment-3a669hsy.png Table 2. Summary of CI95 for E2Ph2 experiment https://scispace.com/papers/automated-edge-aware-refinement-of-anatomical-atlases-in-3d-2ytfytyst9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-atlas-extension-a-irregular-edges-at-the-label-3gy99pgq.png Figure 3: Atlas extension. (A) Irregular edges at the label edges in the original (mirrored) E18.5 atlas (top)216 were smoothed by applying an adaptive morphological opening filter iteratively to each label, starting from217 the largest to the smallest labels (bottom). 3D renderings are depicted for two representative labels before218 (top) and after (bottom) smoothing. (B) To identify the optimal filter structuring element size, we devised219 an “atlas-wide smoothing quality” metric to incorporate the balance between smoothing (compaction) and220 changes in size and shape (displacement). While compaction continued to improve with increasing structur-221 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atlas-extension-a-the-original-e18-5-atlas-labels-6nw3yboz.png Figure 2: Atlas extension. (A) The original E18.5 atlas labels (bottom left) viewed sagittally demonstrate115 smooth borders and close correspondence with the underlying microscopy images (upper left; overlaid on116 right). The dashed blue line shows the section viewed in “B”. (B) When viewed axially, the most lateral117 sections lack labels, and label borders are jagged. Slight rotation of the underlying microscopy images leads118 to asymmetry between the two hemispheres. (C) The Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), a measure of the119 completeness of labeling compared to the thresholded atlases, for the labeled hemispheres increased for all120 brains in the ADMBA after lateral edge extension (original median = 0.91, extended median = 0.93; p =121 0.02, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (WSRT); “Mus musculus,” level -1, ID 15564 in the Allen ontology). (D)122 To fill in the lateral edges using existing labels, a representative lateral label plane was iteratively resized123 to fit the underlying microscopy images. The plane for each subsequent microscopy plane was thresholded,124 the bounding box extracted, and the labels resized to fit this bounding box, followed by conforming labels to125 the underlying gross anatomical boundaries (Suppl. Fig. S1). A stretch of compressed planes was expanded126 (Suppl. Fig. S7), and the completed hemisphere of labels mirrored to the other hemisphere after rotation for127 symmetry to complete the labeling.128 129 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-refined-atlases-a-h-representative-axial-planes-2g1qcb45.png Figure 5: Refined Atlases. (a-h) Representative axial planes from all atlases across the ADMBA. For each309 pair of images, a plane of the original (left) atlas is depicted next to the refined (right) atlas after undergoing310 the full refinement pipeline. Complete atlases before and after refinement are shown as movies in Videos311 S1-16.312 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-atlas-refinement-pipeline-overview-a-2d-derived-37hw080t.png Figure 1: 3D Atlas Refinement Pipeline Overview. (A) 2D-derived atlases, such as those in the Allen83 Developing Mouse Brain Atlas, are smooth and consistent in the sagittal plane in which they were annotated.84 However, in the 3D reconstructions of these 2D sagittal planes, the coronal and axial planes reveal missing85 sections and jagged edges. To improve their performance for annotating 3D data, the lateral edges are86 extended to complete the labeled hemisphere. A 3D rotation is applied to bring the brain parallel to the image87 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nuclei-detection-a-overview-of-the-nuclei-detection-25p51bq6.png Figure 6: Nuclei Detection. (A) Overview of the nuclei detection and assignment pipeline. After tissue338 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-edge-aware-reannotation-a-edge-detection-of-the-3kz3ygg9.png Figure 4: Edge-Aware Reannotation. (A) Edge detection of the volumetric histology image delineated254 gross anatomical edges (left), shown here with the E18.5 atlas. To compare these histology-derived anatom-255 ical edges with the extended and mirrored but unsmoothed label edges (center left), we used a distance256 https://scispace.com/papers/automated-labeling-of-chest-x-ray-images-using-a-qi5zrytzt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-overview-standardized-automated-labeling-method-2qesb7er.png Fig. 1 | System overview. Standardized, automated labeling method, based on similarity to a 68 previously validated five-feature CXR detection xAI model, using an explainable atlas-based 69 approach. a, b The xAI model calculates “patch similarity” and “confidence” probabilities, based 70 on class activation mapping (CAM) [7, 8] and predicted probability from the model, for each 71 feature. c, The harmonic mean between the patch similarity and confidence xAI model outputs 72 are then used to calculate a “probability of similarity” (pSim) for each feature. 73 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-labeling-efficiency-confidence-metrics-14ytxlun.png Fig. 5 | Comparison of labeling efficiency/confidence metrics for each of the 5 features. For 241 each of the five auto-labeled features – cardiomegaly (blue), pleural effusion (orange), atelectasis 242 (gray), pulmonary edema (green), and pneumonia (yellow) – we compared: (i) the percent of 243 positively auto-labeled CXR’s “captured” from the three pooled, full public datasets (i.e. “Pooled 244 Capture%”, from Table 1, far right); (ii) the percent of cases with complete agreement between 245 the model and all 7 expert readers (i.e. “Full Agree%”, from Fig. 4); (iii) the lowest pSim value 246 such that PPV=1 (graphed as “1-pSim”, from Fig. 2, panel 3), and (iv) the lowest pSim value such 247 that NPV=1 (graphed as “1-pSim”, from Fig. 2, panel 4). Features with higher y-axis values (e.g. 248 cardiomegaly, pleural effusion) correspond to those with greater model auto-labeling 249 efficiency/confidence; features with lower y-axis values (e.g. pneumonia, pulmonary edema) 250 correspond to those with lesser model auto-labeling efficiency/confidence. Of note, in the graph 251 for atelectasis, “1-pSim@PPV1” is higher than "1-pSim@NPV1”, which can be interpreted as 252 greater confidence that the model is correct in “ruling-in” the feature (i.e. correctly auto-labeling 253 true-positives) than in “ruling-out” the feature (i.e. correctly auto-labeling true-negatives); this 254 relationship is reversed for the other 4 features (e.g. greater confidence that the model can 255 correctly “rule-out” than “rule-in” pneumonia or pulmonary edema). 256 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-auroc-performance-of-automated-labeling-model-at-two-1pc2ccvs.png Fig. 3 | AUROC performance of automated-labeling model at two different pSim threshold 212 values, compared to sensitivity, specificity of individual expert radiologists and pooled 213 public labels from three open-source CXR datasets. AUROC performance of our xAI CXR 214 auto-labeling model applied to the CheXpert, MIMIC, and NIH open source datasets, is shown for 215 each of the five labeled imaging features - a cardiomegaly, b atelectasis, c pulmonary edema, d 216 pneumonia, and e pleural effusion. Comparison is to the performance of the individual expert 217 radiologists (A-G, red circles), as well as to the performance of the pooled external annotations 218 (blue squares, n=number available labeled external cases per feature). ROC curves (y-axis 219 sensitivity, x-axis 1-specificity) are shown for both the “baseline” pSim=0 threshold (magnified box) 220 and the “optimal” pSim threshold (i.e., the lowest pSim threshold achieving 100% accuracy, as 221 per Fig. 2 panels 3 and 4). 222 https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-categorization-of-voicemail-transcripts-using-3x36c7w5jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-for-the-message-priority-and-content-based-12j0pdpw.png Table 1. Taxonomy for the message priority- and content-based categorization tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-accuracy-in-the-priority-based-categorization-task-po827844.png Fig. 2. Accuracy (%) in the priority-based categorization task using different smoothing techniques. The rows of subfigures correspond to transcripts of different WERs, while the columns correspond to different textual representations. The n-gram order is shown on the horizontal axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-category-distributions-across-the-training-and-test-2k2y8647.png Fig. 1. Category distributions across the training and test sets related to the priority (left) and content (right) tasks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-accuracy-in-the-content-based-categorization-task-the-5u4e665g.png Fig. 3. Accuracy (%) in the content-based categorization task. The subfigure layout follows that of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-construction-of-quad-based-subdivision-surfaces-25lk2mbqy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-set-of-local-operators-see-details-in-sec-3-3-3ba6s387.png Fig. 4. The set of local operators. See details in Sec. 3.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-subdivision-surfaces-approximating-the-armadillo-1vmagw6x.png Fig. 1. Subdivision surfaces approximating the Armadillo (original mesh 345k triangles) obtained from control meshes produced with different methods. Our approach gives a much better approximation by using fewer patches, thanks to adaptivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-displaced-subdivision-surfaces-of-the-363f6cj7.png Fig. 5. Comparison of displaced subdivision surfaces of the David’s hair. Because of higher projectability, we produce a more accurate approximation of the original mesh using a similar number of patches. In this example patches are sampled uniformly 10× 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-error-distribution-of-the-limit-surface-3ui61bzs.png Fig. 6. Comparison of error distribution of the Limit surface for the meshes built with MI and our approach as reported in table 1 with a and b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-subdivision-surface-made-of-just-20-patches-obtained-10r4hbh9.png Fig. 7. A subdivision surface made of just 20 patches obtained from the original mesh of 50,446 triangles by deactivating tests on the M-fitmap. The overall shape is still preserved but relevant artifacts appear due do severe loss of projectability. Surface without (left) and with displacement mapping (right) - see artifacts on hair and ear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-reference-mesh-m-the-control-mesh-k-and-the-121wnwj4.png Fig. 2. The reference mesh M , the control mesh K and the subdivision surface SK ; a vertex v of K has its limit position at s(v) and NS is the normal at the limit point. Projection φ of SK to M is a normal displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-examples-of-meshes-computed-with-our-system-from-the-2ueb8h9c.png Fig. 8. Examples of meshes computed with our system. From the left: original mesh M in white; subdivision surface SK ; and displaced subdivision surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-from-the-left-name-of-input-mesh-number-of-triangles-3967n3cc.png TABLE 1 From the left: name of input mesh (number of triangles); method used to produce the control mesh (percentages refer to our method with different values of parameter τ of the M-fitmap; (MI) refers to the MI method with manual placement of cone singularities); number of patches K https://scispace.com/papers/automated-optimal-parameters-for-t-distributed-stochastic-4isny73f8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-t-sne-optimizations-proposed-in-opt-sne-1rnwspd3.png Table 2 Summary of t-SNE optimizations proposed in opt-SNE workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-learning-step-size-optimization-for-t-sne-21yhpwvn.png Fig. 4 Learning step size optimization for t-SNE visualization of large datasets. a–c KLD change over iterations for embeddings with varying values of initial learning rate step size, color coded as indicated. a EE= 1000 iterations, learning rate step= 25–4000; b EE= 1000 iterations, learning rate step= https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evaluation-of-opt-sne-embeddings-a-endpoint-kld-values-2ejcrz1p.png Fig. 5 Evaluation of opt-SNE embeddings. a Endpoint KLD values for standard t-SNE (initial learning rate step= 200, EE stop= 250 iterations) and opt-SNE (initial learning rate= n/α, EE stop at maxKLDRC iteration). N= 5 seeds used for random initialization; error bars denote SEM. b Post-EE graph of KLD minimization over physical time for standard t-SNE, adjusted parameter (as indicated) t-SNE and opt-SNE (representative examples of mass cytometry data embeddings are shown). c 1NN accuracy scores for standard t-SNE and opt-SNE embeddings of of mass cytometry (left) and flow cytometry (right) data per assigned class values (cell subsets, open circles; overal scores, filled circles). Representative examples of multiple runs initiated with varying seed values are shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-datasets-used-in-this-paper-hhl01m5r.png Table 1 Datasets used in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-performance-of-barnes-hut-t-sne-implementation-for-23si00h7.png Fig. 1 Performance of Barnes-Hut t-SNE implementation for cytometry data visualization. Standard (1000 iterations) and extended (3000 iterations) embeddings of mass cytometry (a) or flow cytometry (b) data are presented as heatmap density plots (left) or color-coded population overlays based on ground-truth classification of single cell in the datasets (right). c KLD change over iteration time of gradient descent for standard 1000 iterations (red line) or extended 3000 iterations (black line) embeddings of mass41parmeter dataset. Representative examples of multiple runs with varying seed values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-opt-sne-allows-high-quality-visualization-of-large-6jiokl7u.png Fig. 6 opt-SNE allows high-quality visualization of large cytometry and transcriptomics datasets. a–d 20 million datapoints from fluorescent cytometry dataset concatenated from 27 subjects vizualized in 2D space. a, c Cell type classes and density overlaid on 2D opt-SNE embedding. b Subject identifier overlaid on 2D opt-SNE embedding. Dashed arrows indicate clusters represented by datapoints from a single subject. d Standard t-SNE visualization (4000 iterations). e, f 10x Genomics mouse brain scRNA-seq dataset (1.3 million datapoints) visualized in 2D space with opt-SNE (e) or standard t-SNE (f). From left to right: density features, single gene classes, and Louvain clusters (0–38) overlays. g 5.22 million datapoints from mass cytometry dataset used in van Unen et al (2017) visualized in 2D space with opt-SNE. From left to right: CD4 expression overlaid on opt-SNE embedding; CCR7 and CD28 expression overlaid on CD4+ opt-SNE cluster; CD45RA and CD56 expression intensity overlaid on CD4+CD28−CCR7− cluster. h CD4+CD28−CCR7− cells from https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-ee-plateau-phase-on-t-sne-visualization-ee-2ep9y119.png Fig. 2 Effect of EE plateau phase on t-SNE visualization. EE was stopped after varying number of iterations and embedding visualization was examined at several intermediate timepoints and in the end of embedding for flow cytometry (total of 2000 iterations), (a) and mass cytometry (total of 3000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-perplexity-and-ee-factor-adjustments-on-t-wkhz5zpp.png Fig. 3 Effects of perplexity and EE factor adjustments on t-SNE visualization of cytometry data. a, b KLD, KLDRC, and t-SNE biaxial plots generated with varying EE factor values. c, d KLD, KLDRC, and t-SNE biaxial plots generated with varying perplexity. Graphs showing KLD and KLDRC change over iteration time are color-labeled to distinguish curves corresponding to experiment perturbations. Color overlays on t-SNE plots correspond to cell type classes https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-detection-of-adhd-and-asd-from-expressive-5b3011jwi9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-our-system-a-participant-follows-2ps6btxi.png Fig. 1: Overview of our system. A participant follows instructions on a screen while being recorded by a Kinect 2 camera. Deep Learning and RGB-D behaviour analysis of each video segment leads to successful ASD/ADHD classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-3-features-distinguishing-condition-asd-adhd-from-rh4wpjbd.png Fig. 6: Top 3 features distinguishing Condition (ASD/ADHD) from control group. Animation Unit 8 corresponds to lip-corner depressor. S1, S2, S10 denote video segments corresponding to story 1, 2 and 10 of the ’Strange Stories’ task respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-top-3-features-distinguishing-comorbid-asd-adhd-from-2qtpv3u9.png Fig. 7: Top 3 features distinguishing Comorbid (ASD+ADHD) from ASD only group. Animation Unit 6 and AU1 corresponds to lip-corner puller and inner-brow raiser respectively. S1, S3 and S8 denote video segments corresponding to story 1, 3 and 8 of the ’Strange Stories’ task respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-30-features-for-classification-of-controls-vs-3qjse7dg.png Fig. 8: Top 30 features for classification of Controls vs Condition group. Each feature is represented by its feature type followed by the video segment number it was computed on. For e.g. AU15-S1 means that the feature corresponds to AU15 intensity histogram computed from the video segment corresponding to story 1 of the ’Strange stories’ task. Please note that the same feature name can appear more than once because they are different features coming from the same histogram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-top-30-features-for-classification-of-asd-vs-comorbid-2126hsus.png Fig. 9: Top 30 features for classification of ASD vs Comorbid group. Features are named in the same way as in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gender-distribution-and-median-age-of-participants-2nz9sr27.png Fig. 3: Gender distribution and median age of participants within different groups in the KOMAA dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-participants-in-komaa-dataset-ibaqpt14.png Fig. 2: Distribution of participants in KOMAA dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graphical-overview-of-the-cnn-based-approach-used-for-2vvh3vnh.png Fig. 4: Graphical overview of the CNN based approach used for predicting facial AUs [21]. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-detection-of-dos-vulnerabilities-of-cryptographic-3cgjw9rqim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-and-memory-resources-configuration-for-rntrizda.png Table 3. Computational and memory resources configuration for the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparative-analysis-of-the-sts-and-sigmai-protocols-9o0agqj6.png Fig. 11. Comparative analysis of the STS and SigmaI protocols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-of-dynamic-analysis-of-the-sts-protocol-in-3cmau5cr.png Fig. 10. Results of dynamic analysis of the STS protocol in the DoS Analyzer system. The two most dangerous attack types are framed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-type-of-dos-attacks-in-the-sigmai-protocol-the-results-1emp2f99.png Fig. 8. Type of DoS attacks in the SigmaI protocol – the results of static analysis in the DoS Analyzer system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-of-dynamic-analysis-of-the-sigmai-protocol-in-i8yxktym.png Fig. 9. Results of dynamic analysis of the SigmaI protocol in the DoS Analyzer system. The four most dangerous attack types are framed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-steps-of-senders-and-receivers-in-a-protocol-run-1is57g87.png Fig. 2. Steps of senders and receivers in a protocol run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sigmai-protocol-specification-fragment-and-protocol-2nom09rd.png Fig. 7. SigmaI protocol specification fragment and protocol run visualization in the DoS Analyzer system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-client-model-b-textual-petri-net-specification-in-the-ejw7ljs3.png Fig. 5. Client model: b) textual Petri net specification in the Promela code. The numbers in the white circles indicate the corresponding elements in both models. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-detection-of-topic-boundaries-and-keywords-in-33f131t1u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-procedure-of-automatic-topic-boundary-detection-2pxdynr4.png Figure 4: Procedure of automatic topic boundary detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-result-of-keyword-detection-9jbo9v5e.png Figure 3: Result of keyword detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-of-rifcdp-the-dotted-and-solid-curves-2f4deqfz.png Figure 1: Principle of RIFCDP. The dotted and solid curves respectively indicate the optimal path for [ s:: e] and the partial path of the optimal path for the section [1:: e]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-restriction-of-calculation-range-the-thick-vertical-m2jju2ji.png Figure 2: Restriction of calculation range. The thick vertical line and the lightly-hatched region indicate calculation range at frame t and search area respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-result-of-topic-boundary-detection-global-dips-lwb0jizh.png Figure 5: Result of topic boundary detection. Global dips indicate topic boundary candidates. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-left-ventricular-segmentation-in-4d-interventional-1g99ao2emi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-proposed-automatic-pipeline-to-2fz19224.png Figure 1 - Overview of the proposed automatic pipeline to segment interventional 4D US data with pre-procedural information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3d-time-segmentation-results-for-the-method-loa-xa7o930f.png Table 2 - 3D+time segmentation results for the method (LOA - Limits of agreement: bias ± 1.96σ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-of-the-automatic-rvip-strategy-ikrfx4x5.png Table 1 - Accuracy of the automatic RVIP strategy https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-multi-seed-detection-for-mr-breast-image-3zlrzdloks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-3b8s7ozi.png Table 1: Experimental Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pre-processing-a-a-breast-mri-is-loaded-b-the-adaptive-28dyt7yx.png Fig. 2: Pre-processing: a) A breast MRI is loaded; b) The adaptive thresholding is applied in the MRI to emphasize the contours of the breast; c) image crop containing the breast regions is considered; d) The holes are filled in the image obtained in Figure 2c; e) The Largest Connected Component is found in the MRI and all other components are removed; f) the coordinates of three pairs of green points (A, B, C, D, E, F.) are found; g) The convex hull is computed in the image obtained in Figure 2e and it is returned a binary convex hull image; h) The boundary of image obtained in Figure 2e is extracted with the canny filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-processing-a-the-boundary-points-between-the-two-239hv7zv.png Fig. 3: Processing: a)The boundary points between the two vertices A-B (yellow dots) are plotted; b) Delaunay Triangulation is applied between the two vertices of each region of interest (in first instance A-B) and all the boundary points between the two vertices (yellow dots in Figure 3a; c) For each concavity To detect the maximum concavity points (in breast image, see green points G,H,I); An additional margin is computed by measuring the vertical distance between G and the inner boundary extracted by filtering with canny algorithm, as depicted by red points in Figure 3c; d) When the extraction of concavity points stage is complete, a line is drawn to join these points. All components above this line are removed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-segmentation-a-the-region-growing-is-applied-to-the-g4umgcvt.png Fig. 4: Segmentation: a) The region growing is applied to the image obtained in the end of processing step Figure 3d; b) The holes emerged form region growing are filled by applying the morphological close operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-scheme-of-the-proposed-method-pre-processing-2uq996kr.png Fig. 1: Block scheme of the Proposed method: Pre-processing, Processing, and Segmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-segmentation-of-right-ventricle-in-cardiac-cine-mr-2913ll2y7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-panel-zooms-out-a-segment-of-the-rv-wall-with-the-96m6zsbw.png FIG. 5. Left panel zooms out a segment of the RV wall, with the consecutive rays traced from the usual c centroid. Note that a portion of this segment is completely missed by the radial analysis. Right panel shows the rays projected from two points n and m, corresponding to the centers of two circumferences that approximate the RV. The whole chamber is covered, but radii from them never intersect one another. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-points-of-the-endocardium-contour-are-mapped-to-a-3qmetucf.png FIG. 6. The points of the endocardium contour are mapped to a Normalized Radial Length (NRL) space (θ, dθ), where inconsistencies are removed. The initial endocardium border points are displayed in the left panel in green and the NRL is shown in the right panel with dθ varying from −180◦ to 180◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-series-3d-surface-data-of-the-obtained-segmentation-391651i4.png FIG. 10. A series 3D surface data of the obtained segmentation of the RV endocardial volume of a patient during a cardiac cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rv-endocardium-segmentation-for-different-slices-at-pwvgqakq.png FIG. 9. RV endocardium segmentation for different slices at different phases of the cardiac cycle, where each slice corresponds to a random subject of the Sunnybrook dataset. The endocardium contour is displayed in green line, while the RoI in red line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-the-roi-obtained-by-the-motion486-saliency-10fa79g1.png Figure 7 shows the ROI obtained by the motion486 saliency map on subjects and slices randomly selected487 from the RVSC dataset.488 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-reported-clinical-indexes-results-obtained-on-the-3s56z8z4.png TABLE IV. Reported clinical indexes results obtained on the Test 1 from RVSC dataset at the ED and the ES frames of the cardiac cycle by computing the correlation coefficient of several methods (including ours). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-clinical-indexes-results-obtained-on-the-rvsc-33dyi39j.png TABLE III. Clinical indexes results obtained on the RVSC dataset at the ED and the ES frames of the cardiac cycle by computing the correlation coefficient (ideal=1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coarse-heart-localization-the-left-panel-displays-the-wts07z4k.png FIG. 1. Coarse heart localization. The left panel displays the obtained motion saliency map (MSM), the center panel shows the binarized MSM, and the right panel shows the final ROI obtained after filling the binary image holes. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-service-composition-based-on-behavioral-3vxs27oyn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-internal-execution-tree-of-service-e0-uhbvs1t6.png Figure 2: Internal execution tree of service E0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-algorithm-for-synthesizing-mealy-composition-1vfszvyf.png Figure 7: The Algorithm for Synthesizing Mealy Composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-service-internal-specification-as-mfsm-m0-3a57u67g.png Figure 5: Service internal specification as MFSM M0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-wsdl-specification-of-service-e0-whose-external-2x3qpaqy.png Figure 11: WSDL specification of service E0 whose external schema A0 is represented in Figure 3(a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-service-composition-architecture-3l4mgkrt.png Figure 10: The Service Composition Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-bpel4ws-code-skeletons-for-transitions-and-states-2l6vthqr.png Figure 13: BPEL4WS code skeletons for transitions and states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-external-execution-tree-t-a0-3w4770qb.png Figure 4: External execution tree T (A0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-methods-for-deriving-the-bpel4ws-file-and-its-27jwjev5.png Figure 12: Methods for deriving the BPEL4WS file and its structure, as inspired by 7 https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-trust-calculation-for-service-oriented-systems-1euz5sk6bs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-false-malicious-rate-with-three-types-of-1x3h53k8.png Fig. 4. Average false malicious rate with three types of malicious values https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-value-of-trust-aggregated-with-different-percentage-2j6jaibh.png TABLE II VALUE OF TRUST AGGREGATED WITH DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE OF DISHONEST CONSUMERS TRYING TO FALSELY IMPROVE THE TRUST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p-of-similarity-function-s1-versus-value-of-trust-19osupkq.png Fig. 5. p of Similarity Function S1 versus Value of Trust https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-trust-calculation-models-3a9k7ttw.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF TRUST CALCULATION MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-value-of-trust-aggregated-with-different-rgyawb1o.png TABLE III VALUE OF TRUST AGGREGATED WITH DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE OF DISHONEST CONSUMERS TRYING TO FALSELY DEGRADE THE TRUST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-true-malicious-rate-with-the-variance-being-l7ja3imi.png Fig. 1. Average true malicious rate with the variance being set to be an extreme low value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-true-malicious-rate-with-three-types-of-1b5rugj8.png Fig. 3. Average true malicious rate with three types of malicious values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-false-malicious-rate-with-the-variance-being-2ome5ibw.png Fig. 2. Average false malicious rate with the variance being set to be an extreme low value https://scispace.com/papers/automating-the-ieee-std-1500-compliance-verification-for-191ehsd3hb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ieee-std-1500-evc-structure-ti7u5n6s.png Fig. 4. IEEE std. 1500 eVC structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rule-bfm-mnolfmm6.png Fig. 8. Rule BFM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ieee-std-1500-evc-environment-example-2bnpczqt.png Fig. 5. IEEE std. 1500 eVC environment example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ieee-std-1500-verification-plan-example-1q5zeook.png Fig. 6. IEEE std. 1500 Verification Plan Example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rule-verifier-architecture-2smb1tp0.png Fig. 7. Rule Verifier Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ieee-std-1500-core-test-wrapper-architecture-3v3ip83b.png Fig. 1. IEEE std. 1500 Core Test Wrapper Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rule-monitor-2cwyu1me.png Fig. 9. Rule Monitor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ieee-std-1500-verification-environment-architecture-26garzpu.png Fig. 2. IEEE std. 1500 Verification Environment Architecture Overview https://scispace.com/papers/autonomous-microfluidics-with-stimuli-responsive-hydrogels-2r38dmwgnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-smart-liquid-microlenses-a-schematic-of-a-liquid-j8n0flzi.png Fig. 8 Smart liquid microlenses. (a) Schematic of a liquid microlens. The water–oil interface forms the liquid microlens. The microchannels allow the flow of fluids to the microlens structure. (b) Smart variablefocus mechanism. A water–oil interface is pinned along a hydrophilic– hydrophobic contact line at an aperture. The hydrogel ring (tan), which wraps around a water reservoir and can expand (I, blue) or contract (II, red) in response to an external stimulus, thus propelling a water–oil surface upward (I) or downward (II). Because the refractive indices of the two liquids are different, the result is a variable-focus lens. (c–f) The shape of the liquid microlens varies with local environmental temperature using a temperature-sensitive hydrogel. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm. (g–h) A liquid microlens array (2 6 4) where each lens can be individually controlled. All microlens elements use a temperature-responsive hydrogel with a lower critical solution temperature of 32 uC, and are initially maintained at 23 uC. When one element is heated to 36 uC, it bows downward. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm. (a–f) are reproduced from ref. 63. (g–h) are reproduced from ref. 64 with permission (copyright 2007, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-liquid-microlens-using-vertical-expansion-and-3nbsf9fw.png Fig. 9 A liquid microlens using vertical expansion and contraction of hydrogel. (a) A set of posts made of pH-responsive hydrogel is constructed in a microfluidic chamber. A circular aperture is formed in a flexible polymer slip. (b) The volume changes of hydrogel posts cause a flexible aperture slip to bend in the z-direction. The pinned water–oil interface shifts downward and upward, thus tuning the focal length of the microlens. (c–e) Shapes of liquid microlenses when varying pH. Initially the hydrogel posts are at the expanded state (pH 12). As low pH buffer (pH 2) flows into the microfluidic chamber, the hydrogel posts contract, and the flexible slip bends back to press the liquid meniscus to bulge upward. Scale bars represent 1 mm. Images reprinted with permission from ref. 65 (Copyright 2006, American Institute of Physics). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-two-stimuli-responsive-3mip5qix.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of two stimuli-responsive hydrogels as examples: (a) temperature-sensitive hydrogel poly(NIPAAM); and (b) pH-sensitive hydrogel poly(HEMA-co-AA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fabrication-and-operation-of-a-biomimetic-valve-based-1fvxvm6e.png Fig. 3 Fabrication and operation of a biomimetic valve based on bistrip hydrogel. (a) Bistrip hydrogel is patterned by simultaneous photopolymerization. (b) The anchor of the valve is formed using a non-responsive hydrogel. (c) When exposed to basic solution, the bistrip hydrogels expand and curve to form a normally closed valve. (d) The bistrip valve is pushed open to allow flow in one direction (from left to right). (e) The flow is restricted in the opposite direction. (f) When exposed to acidic solutions, the valve is deactivated, returning to the permanently open state. Scale bars represent 500 mm. Images reproduced from ref. 34. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-autonomous-flow-control-in-microfluidic-channels-using-1bhzapdc.png Fig. 2 Autonomous flow control in microfluidic channels using hydrogel valves. (a–c) A throttle valve fabricated using the ‘laminar stream mode.’ Scale bars represent 300 mm. (a) Three steady laminar streams are flowed in the channel. The outer streams consist of pre-polymer mixture of pH-sensitive hydrogels. The middle stream consists of glycerin. (b) Hydrogel strips are photopolymerized along the channel walls, while glycerin is still flowing in the middle stream. (c) When exposed to a basic solution, the pH-sensitive hydrogel strips expand to seal off the channel. (d–f) Using a series of hydrogel posts as a valve. Scale bars represent 300 mm. (d) A diagram of the hydrogel jackets around the central posts. (e) The valve blocks the side channel branch in their expanded state at high pH. (f) The contracted hydrogels at low pH allows fluid to flow down the side branch. (g) A flow sorter. Scale bars represent 300 mm. The plot on the top shows the fractional change in diameter (fD) of the hydrogels with respect to pH. At neutral pH, the flow goes left and right; however, at high pH one hydrogel expands while the other contracts to direct fluid rightward. The opposite occurs at low pH – the black gel expands in high pH while the white gel expands at low pH. (a–c) are reproduced from ref. 34. Illustrations (d–g) are reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Nature,21 copyright 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ph-regulation-device-a-top-view-of-the-device-scale-3qcnklgp.png Fig. 4 A pH-regulation device. (a) Top view of the device. Scale bar represents 1 mm. (b) Schematic of side view of the device to demonstrate the flow conditions. The compensating buffer enters from the bottom left (stream B, pH 12), while the input enters from the top right (stream A, pH 2). The two streams meet and then flow past the hydrogel post from right to left and exit the outlet on the top left (purple, pH 7). The regulated stream is initially separated, but the flow lengths are adequate to achieve complete diffusion between the two streams at the outlet. Images reproduced and adapted from ref. 49, 50, by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry (copyright 2001) and Elsevier (copyright 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-drug-delivery-using-hydrogel-a-a-self-regulated-2qji76ds.png Fig. 5 Drug delivery using hydrogel. (a) A self-regulated drugdelivery device. Acrylic polymer is computer-numerical-controlmachined to make all the parts of the device. The hydrogel switch cavity was partially filled with hydrogel. One end of the release channel was connected to the central portion of the drug reservoir, while the other end of the channel can be either opened or blocked depending on the status of the pH-sensitive hydrogel in the switch cavity. Two enzymes, glucose oxidase and catalase, are used to convert the glucose concentration change to a pH change. (b) Hybrid MEMS–hydrogel drug-delivery device. Images reproduced and adapted from ref. 46, 51, with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media (copyright 2001) and IEEE (copyright 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-autonomous-microfluidic-mixers-and-pumps-a-conceptual-3nyea02z.png Fig. 6 Autonomous microfluidic mixers and pumps. (a) Conceptual diagram of using hydrogel to control the actuation of a Ni rotor, much like an automotive clutch. (b–d) A microfluidic mixer using a pHresponsive hydrogel. Scale bars represent 1 mm. (b) Low pH causes the hydrogel ring to shrink in volume, thus allowing mixing two flows in the chamber. (c) High pH causes the hydrogel ring to expand in volume, constricting the Ni rotor’s rotational movement. (d) An array of three micromixers mixing dyed water solutions. (e–g) A microfluidic pump using temperature-sensitive hydrogel. The hydrogel axle expands and contracts, controlling the pumping action of the fluid. Scale bars represents 1.0 mm. (e) Warm water circulates through the channels. A drop of yellow dye is placed at the input. (f) The dye has been pumped to the left on the top channel (shown by top dashed arrow) and recirculated back along the bottom channel to the right (shown by bottom dashed arrow). Cold water is placed at the input. (g) The micropump stops pumping once the hydrogel expands sufficiently. Images reproduced from ref. 61 (copyright 2005, IEEE). https://scispace.com/papers/autour-de-l-homme-nouveau-allocution-et-societe-en-russie-au-4w32ajt18t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-8py19m8w.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1c20gs6j.png Table 11 https://scispace.com/papers/auxinic-herbicides-induce-oxidative-stress-on-cnesterodon-4ae1k6hveb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-biomarkers-in-cnesterodon-decemmaculatus-3q7ubbqd.png Table 2 Analysis of biomarkers in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus cells exposed to dicamba (DIC)-based formulation Banvel® and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-based formulation DMA® https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dic-and-24-d-based-commercial-formulations-induced-dna-23nslcva.png Fig. 1 DIC- and 2,4-D-based commercial formulations induced DNA damage evaluated by the Endo III (black bars)- and Fpg (grey bars)modified comet assay in circulating blood cells of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Net oxidative damage was expressed as the subtraction between the score obtained after incubation with the respective enzyme or with the buffer. Hydrogen peroxide (50 μm) was employed as a positive control. &, P < 0.05; &&, P < 0.01; significant differences with the respective buffer-enzyme https://scispace.com/papers/availability-usage-and-expected-contribution-of-potential-1hyiejrrif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-2003-a-and-2004-b-distribution-of-0-group-halibut-2ul3hi8u.png Fig. 5. The 2003 (A) and 2004 (B) distribution of 0-group halibut in the nearshore habitats of San Diego County, CA. Maps are interpolations of 234 (2003) and 293 (2004) data observations taken during fall 2003 and 2004. Density grids were generated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial analyst tool in ArcMap 8.3. Maps have individual scale bars and density scales. Embayment mouths are denoted with M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-0-group-halibut-densities-1-se-from-each-of-the-3mmg0899.png Fig. 2. Mean 0-group halibut densities ( 1 SE) from each of the four nursery habitat types in San Diego County, CA, in 2003 (gray bars) and 2004 (black bars). Means are based on density surfaces interpolated in ArcMap 8.3 from field surveys in each of the 14 study sectors. Coast 0e20 m habitat ¼ North and South San Diego Open Coast. Bay/Harbor habitat ¼ Oceanside Harbor, Mission Bay and San Diego Bay. Lagoon habitat ¼ Agua Hedionda and Batiquitos. Estuary habitat ¼ San Elijo, San Dieguito, Penasquitos and Tijuana River. The closed embayment, Buena Vista, was not included in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-regression-tree-analysis-for-0-group-halibut-density-1ydi2w2u.png Fig. 4. Regression tree analysis for 0-group halibut density in 2003 (A&B) and 2004 (C&D) in Exposed (A&C) and Protected (B&D) habitats. Data represent halibut densities estimated from trawls and block-net seining obtained concurrently with environmental data. Potential explanatory variables used in the analysis were habitat type, depth, surface temp, surface salinity and sediment grain size. Variables important in explaining variation in halibut densities appear at terminal nodes along with the value that determines where density splits occur. Explanatory variables nearer the tree root explain a larger amount of variation in density. Nodes are labeled with the mean and standard deviation of halibut density as well as the number of observations in the group. Trees explained 54.1% (A), 48.0% (B), 52.8% (C) and 47.1% (D) of the variance in density. Relative importance of explanatory variables changed with year and habitat type. Data from collection events in which bottom type could not be positively determined were excluded from the analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-san-diego-county-coastline-study-region-highlighting-irv1qd66.png Fig. 1. San Diego County coastline study region highlighting the 14 sectors sampled to generate halibut distribution data. Sectors are: 1. Oceanside (EX), 2. La Jolla (EX), 3. Pacific Beach (EX), 4. Imperial Beach (EX), 5. Oceanside Harbor (B), 6. Buena Vista (L), 7. Agua Hedionda (L), 8. Batiquitos (L), 9. San Elijo (E), 10. San Dieguito (E), 11. Penasquitos (E), 12. Mission Bay (B), 13. San Diego Bay (B), and 14. Tijuana River (E). Letters following each site indicate exposed (EX), bay (B), lagoon (L) and estuary (E) habitats. Coastline and 10 m, 20 m bathymetry contours are shown with solid and dashed lines, respectively (Data source: California Department of Fish and Game Marine GIS office). Blow-ups of each sector are provided in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-0-group-halibut-densities-se-calculated-from-2i993r4w.png Table 2 Mean 0-group halibut densities (SE) calculated from otter trawl and block-net seine collections. Data are broken down by year and habitat features. Also included are significance test results for between- (ManneWhitney U ) and among-group (KruskaleWallis) comparisons. Unlike letters denote significant differences using pair-wise comparisons (ManneWhitney U, a < 0.05) between nursery types. Sediment grain sizes were classified as coarse sand (1.0e0.5 mm), medium sand (0.5e0.25 mm, but n ¼ 0), fine sand (0.25e0.125 mm), very fine sand (0.125e0.063 mm), coarse silt (0.063e0.032 mm) and medium silt (0.032e0.016 mm) based on mean grain diameter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-continued-2fakcbk9.png Fig. 5. The 2003 (A) and 2004 (B) distribution of 0-group halibut in the nearshore habitats of San Diego County, CA. Maps are interpolations of 234 (2003) and 293 (2004) data observations taken during fall 2003 and 2004. Density grids were generated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial analyst tool in ArcMap 8.3. Maps have individual scale bars and density scales. Embayment mouths are denoted with M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scatterplots-of-0-group-halibut-density-in-relation-to-1lzbq1l1.png Fig. 3. Scatterplots of 0-group halibut density in relation to depth, temperature and salinity gradients. Data (pooled from 2003 and 2004) represent halibut densities estimated from trawls and block-net seining obtained concurrently with environmental data. Panels AeC show trends along exposed habitats (N ¼ 163), while panels DeF show patterns within protected embayments (N ¼ 297). Data from collection events in which bottom type could not be positively determined were excluded from the plots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-table-f-iego-county-ca-oceanside-and-la-6lac85vh.png Table 1 Summary table f iego County, CA. Oceanside and La Jolla sectors are combined as North San Diego used to classify embayments included surface area, average depth and surface area https://scispace.com/papers/aviation-co2-emissions-reductions-from-the-use-of-3m6vvroukd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-non-aviation-oil-and-non-oil-final-fossil-energy-vu6x9fsi.png Table 11: Non-aviation oil and non-oil final fossil energy demands in 2050 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2050-feedstock-availability-results-2tn6p64u.png Figure 4: 2050 feedstock availability results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-luc-emissions-gco2-mjjet-averaged-over-ajf-from-all-kuwbk9k2.png Figure 6: LUC emissions [gCO2/MJjet] averaged over AJF from all cultivated energy crops, by AJF scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2050-primary-bioenergy-and-waste-results-broken-out-2enhreon.png Figure 2: 2050 primary bioenergy and waste results, broken out by feedstock type. Note that microalgae is not included at this step of the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assumptions-for-scenario-construction-for-2050-2ttcq8hg.png Table 4: Assumptions for scenario construction for 2050 primary bioenergy and waste https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2050-yield-projections-for-soybean-oil-the-upper-1jeripcb.png Figure 1: 2050 yield projections for soybean oil. The upper and lower lines for each world region correspond to annual linear growth in crop yields of 1.5% and 0.25% of average 2013 yields, respectively. The projected average yield in each world region is used to scale globally resolved agro-climatically attainable yields from the GAEZ model. If projected yields exceed the agro-climatically attainable yield from GAEZ, the GAEZ value is used as an upper bound on crop yields: this is can be observed in the plateau in soybean oil yields in 2045 under the 1.5% growth case in OECD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-forestry-residue-availability-adapted-from-walsh-3ji0w7ie.png Table 8: Forestry residue availability, adapted from Walsh (2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wood-and-forestry-residue-assumptions-1hoa271b.png Table 3: Wood and forestry residue assumptions https://scispace.com/papers/avoiding-key-redistribution-in-key-assignment-schemes-42rflkv708 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-directed-graphs-used-in-key-assignment-schemes-the-vdy0xchf.png Fig. 1. The directed graphs used in key assignment schemes; the transitive relationships in the partially ordered set are denoted by broken lines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-directed-graphs-used-in-our-user-based-key-20h5tywj.png Fig. 2. The directed graphs used in our user-based key assignment schemes: the transitive relationships in the partially ordered set are denoted by broken lines; the user has security label x1 https://scispace.com/papers/avoiding-moving-obstacles-2tsyhojga6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-experiment-1-time-is-measured-from-the-r9zo01g1.png Fig. 2 Results of experiment 1. Time is measured from the moment at which the target or obstacles could jump to a new position. Green no jump. Blue target jumps. Red obstacles jump. Continuous and dotted lines represent the two directions of the displacements. Central panel average signed velocity of the hand in the direction orthogonal to the main direction of motion. Arrows indicate our visual estimate of the latency of the response. Bottom panel number of subjects for whom the hand’s velocity was significantly different for the two directions of the displacement. Top panel percentage of trials in which the hand has reached the obstacle or target. The moment at which the hand had done so on 50% of the trials is also indicated by the thick vertical lines in the central panel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-experiment-3-time-is-measured-from-the-17is0los.png Fig. 4 Results of experiment 3 . Time is measured from the moment at which the target or obstacles could jump to a new position. Green no jump. Blue target jumps. Red obstacles jump. Continuous lines and dotted lines represent the two kinds of displacements. Central panel average signed velocity of the hand in the direction orthogonal to the main direction of motion. Arrows indicate our visual estimate of the latency of the response. Bottom panel number of subjects for whom the hand’s velocity was significantly different for the two kinds of jump. Top panel percentage of trials in which the hand has reached the obstacle or target. The moment at which the hand had done so on 50% of the trials is also indicated by the thick vertical lines in the central panel https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-results-in-experiment-2-27je6lvv.png Table 2 Individual results in experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-positions-of-the-white-target-shown-here-in-pmnwnn4l.png Fig. 1 Possible positions of the white target (shown here in blue) and of the red obstacle(s) in the three experiments. When either the target or obstacle(s) jumped the initial configuration (as in static trials) abruptly changed into one of the other four configurations (target jumps or obstacles jump). Blue and red arrows indicate the perceived direction of motion for the target and obstacle respectively, with continuous and dotted lines indicating the two directions of motion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-experiment-2-time-is-measured-from-the-1g3mfrma.png Fig. 3 Results of experiment 2. Time is measured from the moment at which the target or obstacle could jump to a new position. Green no jump. In this case there were two kinds of static trials because there were two different initial positions of the obstacle. Blue target jumps. Red obstacle jumps. Continuous and dotted lines represent the two directions of the displacements. Central panel average signed velocity of the hand in the direction orthogonal to the main direction of motion. Arrows indicate our visual estimate of the latency of the response. Bottom panel number of subjects for whom the hand’s velocity was significantly different for the two directions of the displacement (see main text for more details). For the obstacle, both responses in the direction of motion (light red) and those in the appropriate direction for avoiding the obstacle (dark red) are shown. Top panel percentage of trials in which the hand has reached the obstacle or target. The moment at which the hand had done so on 50% of the trials is also indicated by the thick vertical lines in the central panel https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-results-in-experiment-1-3pmy3bv6.png Table 1 Individual results in experiment 1 https://scispace.com/papers/awareness-of-breathing-the-structure-of-language-descriptors-1hw4vcxp6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-linkage-dendrogram-resulting-from-2lfv78w3.png Figure 1. Single-linkage dendrogram resulting from hierarchical cluster analysis using squared Euclidian distances. Vertical lines are indicating the fusion levels of the four cluster solution and the superordinated two clusters solution (dashed line). Horizontal dashed lines are indicating outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dimensions-need-and-attempt-of-voluntary-control-of-2n4h4pp8.png Figure 3. Dimensions need and attempt of voluntary control of the three-dimensional MDS configuration using squared Euclidian distances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t-values-of-the-seven-experimental-conditions-for-v5tfjgih.png Figure 2. T-values of the seven experimental conditions for each of the four clusters: 1) quiet sitting, 2) paced breathing, 3) breath holding, 4) added resistive load breathing, 5) hyperventilation, 6) stair climbing, 7) hyperinflation. https://scispace.com/papers/axiomatization-of-a-preference-for-most-probable-winner-108od4vome 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-evidence-for-fanning-in-13cf21xj.png Figure 2 Empirical evidence for fanning-in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-family-of-indifference-curves-inside-the-3ma6s6bv.png Figure 1 Family of indifference curves inside the probability triangle Probability of the worst outcome 1x https://scispace.com/papers/b-physics-from-non-perturbatively-renormalized-hqet-in-two-3i150t3no0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-tension-among-different-vub-determinations-1e776pab.png Figure 1: Observed tension among different |Vub |–determinations [1]; ±1σ bands are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-joint-chiral-and-continuum-extrapolation-to-the-141m2qge.png Figure 5: Joint chiral and continuum extrapolation to the physical point of the B-meson decay constant (9) in NLO HQET to the HMχPT–motivated ansatz (10). The colour coding is the same as in Fig. 3. (I.e., blue, red and green points refer to β = 5.2, 5.3 and 5.5, while filled/open symbols belong to the HYP1/2 static actions.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-joint-chiral-and-continuum-extrapolation-to-the-3b39q08u.png Figure 6: Joint chiral and continuum extrapolation to the physical point of fB (left) and fBs (right) in NLO HQET, where only a linear dependence on the squared light pseudoscalar (sea) mass m2PS is assumed, cf. (11). In case of fBs , the NLO HQET result fBs = 216(5) MeV obtained in the quenched approximation (Nf = 0) [18] (where the scale was set through r0 = 0.5 fm) is included for comparison. The colour coding is the same as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-idea-of-lattice-hqet-computations-for-b-physics-33u85krf.png Figure 2: Idea of lattice HQET computations for B-physics phenomenology via a non-perturbative determination of HQET parameters from small-volume QCD simulations. The step scaling method makes contact to physically large volumes L∞. The whole construction is such that the continuum limit can be taken for all pieces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-z-dependence-of-mb-in-the-continuum-limit-and-25c2u1af.png Figure 4: z–dependence of mB in the continuum limit and graphical solution of (6), which determines the physical b-quark mass zb. (z = L1 M denotes the dimensionless RGI heavy quark mass.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compilation-of-some-recent-determinations-of-mb-as-25bej2ok.png Table 1: Compilation of some recent determinations of mb. As for the lattice results [44] and [45], the former uses extrapolations of relativistic data around the charm to known static limits, while the latter employs moments of current-current correlators with Highly Improved Staggered Quarks (HISQ) [48] extrapolated to the b-scale. [46] and [47] rely on QCD sum rules. For more details, see the cited references. https://scispace.com/papers/ba-oh-2-blast-furnace-slag-composite-binders-for-26hfm77m60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffractograms-of-the-unreacted-slag-and-the-nral7ggr.png Fig. 1. X-ray diffractograms of the unreacted slag, and the sulphate-BFS composite produced via Method A. Peaks marked are BaSO4 (BS), gehlenite (g: Ca2Al 2SiO7), hydrotalcite (HT: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-backscattered-electron-image-and-edx-spectra-of-1ckban34.png Fig. 5. Backscattered electron image and EDX spectra of sulphate-BFS composite (M1.2) produced via method B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-backscattered-electron-image-and-elemental-maps-of-yitlenby.png Fig. 2. Backscattered electron image and elemental maps of sulphate-BFS composite cement produced via method A. The elemental maps show the same region as the backscattered https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffractograms-of-sulphate-bfs-composite-2pd11hh6.png Fig. 3. X-ray diffractograms of sulphate-BFS composite produced via the method B, as a function of the sulphate:Ba(OH)2 ratio. Peaks marked are BaSO4 (BS), gehlenite (g: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-blast-furnace-slag-from-x-ray-2tzgqslq.png Table 1. Composition of blast furnace slag, from X-ray fluorescence analysis. LOI is loss on ignition at 1000°C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-derivative-thermograms-mass-loss-downwards-of-baso4-1j0pr9re.png Fig. 4. Derivative thermograms (mass loss downwards) of BaSO4-BFS composites as a function of the Ba(OH)2:Na2SO4 ratio in the system. Dashed lines show the baseline for each data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-formulations-of-na2so4-ba-oh-2-bfs-composites-1jb1loet.png Table 2. Formulations of Na2SO4-Ba(OH)2-BFS composites produced via method B https://scispace.com/papers/badanie-suszenia-slomy-i-wegla-brunatnego-w-suszarce-2imi01hwl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-of-dryers-used-for-drying-ground-plant-2t9nxmvi.png Fig. 1. Diagrams of dryers used for drying ground plant-derived biomass https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-moisture-content-of-the-raw-material-at-different-2udftpfc.png Fig. 3. Moisture content of the raw material at different stages of a multi-cyclone dryer for straw (particle size 1.5 mm) and brown coal (particle size 0.5 mm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-residence-time-s-of-particles-for-each-cyclone-36orbx4q.png Fig. 4. The residence time [s] of particles for each cyclone https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temperature-and-moisture-content-at-different-stages-2te4ch9w.png Table 1. Temperature and moisture content at different stages of a multi-cyclone dryer for straw and lignite https://scispace.com/papers/bafoudiosbulbins-f-and-g-further-clerodane-diterpenoids-from-1j8ynntegs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1h-500-mhz-and-13c-125-mhz-nmr-data-in-dmso-hmbc-2xwvy7qb.png Table 2 1H (500 MHz) and 13C (125 MHz) NMR data in DMSO, HMBC correlations of compound 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-400-mhz-and-13c-100-mhz-nmr-data-in-dmso-hmbc-2o8uwxzk.png Table 1 1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data in DMSO, HMBC correlations of compound 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ortep-diagram-of-the-crys-b0hb0njz.png Fig. 1. ORTEP diagram of the crys https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-important-noesy-and-hmbc-correlations-for-22g8kcar.png Fig. 3. Important NOESY and HMBC correlations for Bafoudiosbulbin B. https://scispace.com/papers/band-bending-and-alignment-at-the-spinel-perovskite-g-al2o3-4hqt5b99bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-exemplary-fit-results-and-residuals-for-4yg0q4yl.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) Exemplary fit results and residuals for the Sr 3d core level of a 3.0 uc GAO/STO heterostructure. The changing relative intensity between bending zone and bulk signal reflects the increasing interface sensitivity with increasing angle of emission θ . (b) Bottom: Fit results for all emission angles. Top: Comparison between difference spectra of experimental and fit curves. For details see text. https://scispace.com/papers/bank-lending-and-business-cycles-south-african-evidence-55uglic60s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-bank-lending-and-lending-rate-b-bank-lending-to-3vxda31o.png Figure 3: (a) Bank lending and lending rate; (b) Bank lending to the private sector and lending rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stages-of-a-banking-cycle-1175v2h3.png Figure 1: Stages of a banking cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-domestic-credit-to-gdp-in-south-africa-1vm5u3gw.png Figure 2: Ratio of domestic credit to GDP in South Africa https://scispace.com/papers/bantu-languages-in-education-in-south-africa-an-overview-iiso2qh95f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-subjective-evaluation-of-first-language-proficiency-15fxd54e.png Table 3. Subjective evaluation of first-language proficiency (%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-opinions-of-respondents-asked-to-indicate-whether-ujvlfxv7.png Table 4. Opinions of respondents asked to indicate whether they agree (Strongly Agree/ Agree combined) or disagree (Disagree/Strongly Disagree combined) with the following statements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-single-and-parallel-medium-schools-by-2fs8aexh.png Table 1. Number of single- and parallel-medium schools, by primary language offered as the medium of instruction, in selected provinces, in 2004. https://scispace.com/papers/bap1-germline-mutation-in-two-first-grade-family-members-49aliw4q7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-slit-lamp-examination-of-the-anterior-segment-1e7niydi.png Figure 3 Slit lamp examination of the anterior segment: visible recurrence of the tumour in the chamber angle at the 9 o’clock position. Access the article online to view this figure in colour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sanger-sequencing-of-bap1-exon-5-demonstrating-a-1jsu8gfy.png Figure 5 Sanger sequencing of BAP1 exon 5 demonstrating a heterozygous mutation (c.299 T>C, indicated by arrows) in blood DNA from the affected patients (mother and son). The tumour of the son shows loss of the normal allele. The electropherogram shows a heterozygous T>C substitution that replaces Leucine by Proline at codon 100. Access the article online to view this figure in colour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pedigree-of-the-family-with-inherited-uveal-3nmj89kq.png Figure 6 Pedigree of the family with inherited uveal melanoma. Only the patients affected by uveal melanoma (I.2, II.2) were examined at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Regensburg. https://scispace.com/papers/bargaining-for-corporate-responsibility-the-global-and-the-4rtldteia7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-in-the-transfer-of-labor-practices-28o4muqs.png Table 1: Parameters in the transfer of labor practices. https://scispace.com/papers/barriers-and-facilitators-to-the-implementation-of-an-33ch5ji260 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-facilitators-to-the-use-of-a-structured-electronic-nwnwe4q6.png Table 3 Facilitators to the use of a structured electronic minimum dataset for nursing team leader handover (n=32) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-barriers-to-the-use-of-a-structured-electronic-329jc4t7.png Table 4 Barriers to the use of a structured electronic minimum dataset for nursing team leader handover (n=26) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-barriers-and-facilitators-to-the-use-of-an-1r2nufvy.png Table 2 Barriers and facilitators to the use of an electronic minimum dataset (n=39) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-n-39-35xexpd4.png Table 1 Participant demographics (n=39) https://scispace.com/papers/bargaining-theory-and-portfolio-payoffs-in-european-5fy95t6ue7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gfidrs1o.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-2rdmdbmp.png TABLE 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-32lbp7yk.png TABLE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-4-s-illustrate-in-scattergram-form-the-simple-3lxz6drx.png Figures 3, 4, S illustrate in scattergram form the simple relationships between the dependent variable and the three predictors. These results are obtained using all 406 cases in the analysis, and contain a number of striking features. While each of the theoretical predictors bears a quite definite relationship with the actual payoffs, Gamson is obviously the most effective and the kernel the least. The relative efficacy of each predictor is quite clearly illustrated by the beta weights, with Gamson by far the most successful. All of the raw predictive power of the kernel, and most of that of the bargaining set appears to be a product of their inter relationship with the Gamson predictors, at least when all cases are taken together. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-finland-1954-3o9lf1kn.png TABLE 5 (Finland 1954) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-empirical-relationship-between-actual-payoff-3ct5rjoc.png FIGURE 5 THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTUAL PAYOFF AND THE KERNEL PREDICTOR https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1tfysqwn.png TABLE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2ak88fb6.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/baryon-acoustic-signature-in-the-clustering-of-density-4aiikxkg7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-but-for-a-smoothing-length-rf-1-h-1mpc-19tpppl1.png FIG. 2: Same as Fig. 1, but for a smoothing length Rf = 1 h−1Mpc (Mf = 1.2×10 12 M⊙/h). The correlation function ψ(r) (not shown) is less than 10−6 at distances larger than > ∼ 30 h−1Mpc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-correlation-of-density-maxima-that-trace-the-2cd9m18i.png FIG. 6: The correlation of density maxima that trace the density field smoothed with a Top Hat filter. The smoothing radii Rf = 2, 4 and 6 h −1Mpc correspond to a mass Mf = 2.5× 10 12, 2× 1013 and 6.8× 1013 M⊙/h, respectively. Results are shown for a WDM power spectrum with a cutoff scale α = 0.01 and 0.1 h−1Mpc (see text). The peak height is chosen such that ν = δsc/σ0, as before. In both panels, the dotted-dashed curve is the linear matter correlation. The peak correlation ξpk(ν, r) for α = 0.01 and Rf = 2 is not shown as it is too much affected by numerical noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-correlations-that-contribute-to-the-leading-order-13ndr2l6.png FIG. 7: The correlations that contribute to the leading order mean streaming of peak pairs, equation (51). These are compared to the line of sight pairwise velocity V(r) of ambient field points. Results are shown at a filtering scale Rf = 5 h −1Mpc. The correlation V−γυΞ is strongly damped on scales less than the characteristic inter-peak distance ∝ Rf but, at large distances, it is unaffected by small-scale exclusion effects and closely follows the (scaled) mean streaming of random field points. The correlation S − γυΠ can significantly contribute to small-scale streaming motions when the peak height is ν < ∼ 3 (so that bζ >∼bν). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bias-factors-b2n-n-g-be-n-g-and-b-2-z-n-g-as-a-1o53yrdf.png FIG. 3: Bias factors b2ν(ν, γ), bη(ν, γ) and b 2 ζ(ν, γ) as a function of the peak height ν. The density field is smoothed on scale Rf = 5 h −1Mpc with a Gaussian filter. This leads to a correlation strength γ = 0.676. Dashed curves indicate negative values. The dotted curves are the asymptotic expansions given in eq. (38). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-comparison-between-the-density-correlation-x-r-top-xz21kqcb.png FIG. 5: A comparison between the density correlation ξ(r) (top panel) and the peak correlation ξpk(ν, r) (bottom panel) around the BAO. The density field is smoothed with a Gaussian filter of width Rf = 4 and 6 h −1Mpc. The corresponding value of peak height is ν = 2.1 and 2.9, respectively. For clarity, all the correlations have been rescaled such that, at separation r = 70 h−1Mpc, their amplitude is equal to 3. Also shown as the dotted-dashed line is the (unsmoothed) linear matter correlation. The vertical dashed lines indicate the position of the local maximum. The presence of b2ηΣ(r) in the peak correlation restores, and even amplifies the acoustic peak otherwise smeared out by the large filtering. b2ηΣ(r) also acts to reduce the shift induced by the smoothing. Results are shown for the ΛCDM cosmology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-peak-correlation-xpk-n-r-solid-curves-for-three-2jv9wrpz.png FIG. 4: The peak correlation ξpk(ν, r) (solid curves) for three different smoothing lengths Rf = 2, 4 and 6 h −1Mpc (from bottom to top). These correspond to a mass scale Mf = 9.5 × 10 12, 7.6 × 1013 and 2.6 × 1014 M⊙/h, respectively. A peak height ν = δsc/σ0 is adopted and yields the values ν = 1.40, 2.15 and 2.88, respectively. The density correlation σ20ξ(r) is plotted as the dotted-dashed curve. Dashing indicates negative values. The acoustic signature in the peak correlation depends on the threshold height ν through the bias parameters bν , bη and bζ . Results are shown for the ΛCDM cosmology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-comparison-between-the-cross-correlation-of-the-3587pfkq.png FIG. 1: A comparison between the cross-correlation of the density field, ξ(r), and that of its first and second derivatives, Σ(r) and ψ(r) respectively (see eq. 6). Results are shown as a function of the Lagrangian separation r for the ΛCDM cosmology considered in the present work. The density field is smoothed with a Gaussian filter of characteristic scale Rf = 5 h −1Mpc (i.e. a mass scale Mf = 1.5 × 10 14 M⊙/h). Dashed lines denote negative values. All the correlations are normalised to unity at zero lag. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-mean-streaming-of-peak-pairs-for-density-maxima-3bd2t7x6.png FIG. 8: The mean streaming of peak pairs for density maxima identified at smoothing scale Rf = 2, 4 and 6 h −1Mpc and with peak height ν = 1.40, 2.15 and 2.88, respectively (as in Fig. 4). The dotted-dashed curve shows the pairwise velocity of the (unsmoothed) underlying density field. The smallest peaks tend to accrete onto high density maxima. However, they move apart from each other relative to the matter distribution due to peak-peak exclusion. https://scispace.com/papers/basis-constrained-3d-scene-flow-on-a-dynamic-proxy-2zjwwba0x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-three-input-images-from-camera-1-for-the-3u4wks4b.png Figure 4. The three input images (from camera 1) for the synthetic skinned cylinder illustrate the motion and texture on the object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-left-the-non-overlapping-camera-configuration-2eo6t0bm.png Figure 5. Top left: the non-overlapping camera configuration. Top right: ground truth geometry from first viewpoint. Bottom left: inaccurate reconstruction results with no constraints. Bottom right: more accurate reconstruction using a constant velocity constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-from-left-two-of-four-input-views-the-initial-proxy-1kenpk1b.png Figure 3. From left: two of four input views, the initial proxy, the recovered displaced mesh, and the textured displaced mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-input-images-from-time-0-5-14-middle-3nr9qy1s.png Figure 8. Top: input images from time 0, 5, 14. Middle: reconstructed geometry. Bottom: deformed textured with I1,0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-input-frames-0-7-and-15-from-the-mousepad-2whe9k6g.png Figure 6. Top: input frames 0, 7, and 15 from the mousepad sequence (white rectangle shows static proxy). Middle: shaded and textured reconstructions (several trajectories plotted in t = 0). Bottom: rectified surface texture over several frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shaded-and-texture-reconstructions-for-the-single-2cj4jho7.png Figure 7. Shaded and texture reconstructions for the single-view time-varying depth only reconstruction of the mousepad on frames 0, 7, and 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-motion-images-0-20-40-50-from-camera-1-left-the-ppugdsoc.png Figure 1. Motion: Images 0, 20, 40, 50 from camera 1. Left: the displacement residual when approximating the 3D displacements using varying basis elements. Middle: two-view image-based reconstruction from noisy data using Eq. 4 achieves better results when using roughly 13 basis elements. Right: using 10-20 basis elements enables reconstruction with missing data from the second view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-we-represent-the-surface-relative-to-a-possibly-1iwjcu7e.png Figure 2. We represent the surface relative to a possibly moving proxy surface observed by several cameras. At a reference frame (e.g., t = 1), the true surface is simply a displacement d from the proxy along the normal. In subsequent frames, the surface is represented as the displaced point with an additive flow component. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-inference-for-palaeoclimate-with-time-uncertainty-515ug3u8wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-directed-acyclic-graph-dag-of-our-palaeoclimate-c84ooi1s.png Fig. 2. A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of our palaeoclimate model with different modules indicated in grey boxes. The notation is provided in Section 2. Circles indicate parameters/latent random variables whilst boxes indicate data. The solid lines indicate the direction of information flow, whilst the dashed lines indicate relationships where modularisation occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-output-from-a-chronology-model-run-on-our-case-3f9yyaa4.png Fig. 4. The output from a chronology model run on our case study site at Sluggan Moss. Each of the horizontal lines represents a radiocarbon date taken from the fossil pollen core. Its associated pdf is shown in black. The chronology model run provides age estimates at the dates at which pollen is counted in the core, represented here by the shaded 95% point-wise credible intervals. The chronology model allows us to work on a calendar timescale, albeit with uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-6-of-the-28-pollen-varieties-from-the-sluggan-moss-1xtvhia7.png Fig. 1. 6 of the 28 pollen varieties from the Sluggan Moss core which we use as a case study. Depth is shown on the vertical axis (so that 0cm represents the surface though not necessarily the present), whilst radiocarbon ages (with 1-σ uncertainties; see Scott et al., 2010, for more details) are shown where they have been obtained further down the core. These radiocarbon ages (and their associated depths) are used to create a chronology as shown in Figure 4. For each pollen taxa, the percentage abundance is shown at each depth slice in the core (note that the core has not been sliced regularly in depth). Some pollen taxa, e.g. Alder (Alnus), like warmer, wetter climates, whereas others, e.g. Sedges (Cyperaceae) prefer cooler climates. These pollen data and their associated ages (and age uncertainties), together with the modern analogue data, form the input to our inference routine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-plot-of-the-centennial-interpolated-gdd5-growing-1q9tzcf3.png Fig. 5. A plot of the centennial interpolated GDD5 (growing season warmth), MTCO (harshness of winter) and AET/PET (available moisture; scaled up to (0,1000)) over the period 0 to 14ka BP. The blue ‘blobs’ represent the marginal data posteriors whereas the red bands represent summarised posterior stochastic interpolations of climates c from our interpolated stochastic volatility model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-the-different-model-validation-1b8vbei7.png Table 1. Performance of the different model validation scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-modern-pollen-climate-model-for-the-3gdge4oh.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the modern pollen/climate model for the modern analogue data. The upper panel shows example modern pollen and climate data for a single pollen count and climate dimension. This pollen variety seems to prefer values of the climate variable to be around 30, for which we would expect around 180 grains to be counted in a sample layer. When ancient pollen 1 (with a count of around 180) is introduced we obtain a climate pdf (lower panel) strongly focussed around climate 30. When a lower count of ancient pollen is found (at around 140) we obtain a bi-modal climate pdf focussed away from climate value 30, with a further possible mode at climate value 80. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-plot-of-the-posterior-stochastically-interpolated-2q58fvmy.png Fig. 6. A plot of the posterior stochastically interpolated volatilities (in 200-year time windows) for the Mean Temperature of the Coldest Month for Sluggan Moss. The vertical lines represent 95% credibility intervals for the centennial volatility, whilst the circles represent the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-prior-and-posterior-distributions-of-the-3i46pexj.png Fig. 7. Plot of prior and posterior distributions of the volatility parameters φ1 and φ2. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-correction-of-h-z-data-uncertainties-4yfcg7yg0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-41-hubble-parameter-versus-redshift-data-1sl8y0b7.png Table 1. 41 Hubble parameter versus redshift data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-41-h-z-data-and-corresponding-best-fitting-cdm-3p77yxjs.png Figure 1. 41 H(z) data and corresponding best-fitting CDM model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-of-parameters-of-o-cdm-and-flat-cdm-2pe7y855.png Table 4. Mean values of parameters of O CDM and flat CDM models from H(z) data, without uncertainties correction and with uncertainties correction factor f. Uncertainties correspond to 68 per cent c.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-results-of-statistical-analysis-for-o-cdm-model-3o9wx1gt.png Figure 5. The results of statistical analysis for O CDM model with 38 H(z) data with z < 2.3. H0 is in km s−1 Mpc−1. Diagonal: Marginalized constraints from H(z) data for each parameter. Below diagonal: Marginalized contour constraints for each indicated combination of parameters, with contours for 68.3 and 95.4 per cent confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-results-of-statistical-analysis-for-o-cdm-model-19jp5w54.png Figure 3. The results of statistical analysis for O CDM model. H0 is in km s−1 Mpc−1. Diagonal: Marginalized constraints fromH(z) data for each parameter. Below diagonal: Marginalized contour constraints for each indicated combination of parameters, with contours for 68.3 and 95.4 per cent confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hn-kh2n-and-corresponding-cdf-for-n-38-1d3f69th.png Figure 2. hν (χ2ν ) and corresponding cdf for ν = 38. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-inference-of-form-and-shape-q2xd6t70h0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distinction-between-2d-and-3d-shapes-a-three-vertices-3mql0qpq.png Fig. 1. Distinction between 2D and 3D shapes. (a) Three vertices connected by straight lines produce the impression of a flat triangle. (b) In contrast, when those three vertices are connected by curved lines, a curved 3D surface can be perceived. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-image-of-the-sculpture-the-newborn-by-22vzdu43.png Fig. 2. Contour image of the sculpture ‘‘The Newborn’’ by Constantin Brancusi (1915). The original sculpture can be seen at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-of-the-bayesian-framework-reprinted-from-2uyr13an.png Fig. 3. Flowchart of the Bayesian framework. Reprinted from Mamassian et al. (2002), with permission from MIT Press. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convex-and-concave-amodal-completion-reprinted-from-2dyjgtnh.png Fig. 4. Convex and concave amodal completion. Reprinted from Liu et al. (1999), with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-attneaves-cat-reproduced-from-attneave-1954-with-1yjqnwqe.png Fig. 5. Attneave’s cat. Reproduced from Attneave (1954), with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-perceptio-1ndfp7c4.png Fig. 6. A schematic diagram of the perceptio https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-network-classifiers-for-identifying-the-slope-of-4t0224y36y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-complexity-of-the-bayesian-network-classifiers-and-hdx5utys.png Table 6 Complexity of the Bayesian network classifiers and C4.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-accuracy-of-the-bayesian-network-3w2d91n4.png Table 4 Classification accuracy of the Bayesian network classifiers versus C4.5 and discriminant analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-area-under-the-receiver-operating-curve-of-the-1dt9u34i.png Table 5 Area under the receiver operating curve of the Bayesian network classificiers versus C4.5 and discriminant analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-schedule-of-our-empirical-study-i2z5ow3n.png Fig. 3. Time schedule of our empirical study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summary-of-possible-a-priori-segmentation-schemes-38y39g5x.png Fig. 5. Summary of possible a priori segmentation schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-set-characteristics-1s4czb9f.png Table 1 Data set characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-unrestricted-bayesian-network-constructed-for-2zx3mkfn.png Fig. 4. Unrestricted Bayesian network constructed for marketing case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-used-in-the-study-30hbx9mf.png Table 2 Variables used in the study https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-networks-and-the-imprecise-dirichlet-model-applied-1mi0af9sgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-au-recognition-error-rate-in-log-scale-on-some-bn-q90lkd57.png Fig. 3. AU recognition error rate (in log scale) on some BN parameter learning approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-for-the-au-recognition-problem-rxh4c5py.png Fig. 2. Network for the AU recognition problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-methods-for-synthetic-random-30334evr.png Fig. 1. Comparison between methods for synthetic random generated models using the KL divergence from the correct model. ML, even with constraints, is considerably less accurate than others. The right graph excludes constrained ML to clarify that di↵erences are small among the other methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dbn-structure-for-human-activity-recognition-3vqfeufi.png Fig. 4. DBN structure for human activity recognition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-activity-recognition-results-error-rate-using-many-dbn-ge1hgzgx.png Fig. 5. Activity recognition results (error rate) using many DBN parameter learning approaches. https://scispace.com/papers/bcc-crystal-fluid-interfacial-free-energy-in-yukawa-systems-2935k1x65k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-radial-distribution-function-as-a-function-of-the-12x6ip1e.png FIG. 1. The radial distribution function as a function of the inter-particle distance r obtained from Monte Carlo simulations and the ERY method (a′ = 3.89 and ε/a′kBT = 389.47). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-box-lengths-lx-ly-and-lz-pressure-p-and-particle-336twipn.png TABLE I. Box lengths L′x , L′y , and L′z, pressure P′ and particle number N used in the MD simulations for a′ = 2.5 and a′ = 4.0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-dimensionless-values-for-the-interfacial-energies-g-2k291jr2.png TABLE V. Dimensionless values for the interfacial energies (γ ρ−2/3/kBTm) from MD simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-melting-temperature-t-m-coexistence-densities-for-2g6oka06.png TABLE VI. Melting temperature T ′m, coexistence densities for the fluid, ρ′l , and the crystal, ρ′s, and ρ′/ρ′s = (ρ′s − ρ′l )/ρ′s, as obtained from DFT and PFC (the densities ρ′l and ρ ′ s are given in units of ρs/κ 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-profile-in-z-direction-i-e-the-direction-vkd80kxr.png FIG. 3. Density profile in z direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the solid-liquid interface), as obtained in the framework of DFT. The density ρ is scaled by the liquid coexistence density ρ′l while the distance z is in units of the linear dimension of a primitive bcc cell abcc. The inset shows the average density profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-dimensionless-values-for-the-interfacial-energies-1d1etcv4.png TABLE VII. Dimensionless values for the interfacial energies (γ ρ−2/3/kBTm) from the DFT and PFC calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dimensionless-values-for-the-stiffnesses-g-r-2-3s-1q8o5o7x.png TABLE II. Dimensionless values for the stiffnesses (γ̃ ρ−2/3s /kBTm) from MD simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-parameters-of-the-cubic-harmonic-expansion-see-text-1j3jhnr4.png TABLE IV. Parameters of the cubic harmonic expansion (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/beam-beam-collisions-at-the-pep-ii-b-factory-2k62vohk0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-present-achievements-compared-with-design-values-the-38cz6up0.png Table 2. Present achievements compared with design values. The coherent beam-beam parameter ( ) we define as 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-a-typical-vertical-beam-scan-the-is-the-63gcp5oq.png Figure 2. Plot of a typical vertical beam scan. The is the fitted Gaussian sigma. The background level is quite low for all measured values of luminosity. 0 https://scispace.com/papers/beam-patterns-of-terahertz-quantum-cascade-lasers-with-4217bg5ib3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-orientation-of-samples-and-definition-17xb15sk.png FIG. 3. Color online a Orientation of samples and definition of new angles and . b and c Experimental beam patterns of samples 1 and 2 in the direction perpendicular to the top electrode; now the z axis = =0 points in the direction of the window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-orientation-of-samples-and-definition-2httsbbg.png FIG. 2. Color online a Orientation of samples and definition of angles. b and c Experimental beam patterns of samples 1 and 2 in the “forward” direction. The x axis is perpendicular to the cryostat window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-diagram-of-the-experimental-o603pq1z.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for measuring the beam patterns of terahertz quantum cascade lasers. https://scispace.com/papers/beam-profile-diagnostics-for-the-fermilab-medium-energy-13f3wvapbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-test-bench-at-the-electron-cooling-3mhqcwy5.png Fig. 1 Location of the test bench at the electron cooling facility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-test-bench-monitors-arrows-show-the-g89kjdbs.png Fig. 2 Layout of the test bench monitors. Arrows show the directions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3-d-image-of-the-electron-beam-obtained-with-otr-3234o4xx.png Fig. 4. 3-D image of the electron beam obtained with OTR monitor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-of-the-beam-x-profile-versus-spa05-lens-t4k5ndp6.png Fig. 5 Variation of the beam X-profile versus SPA05 lens current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-density-of-otr-versus-th-by-the-energy-of-1j5eg9r5.png Fig. 3 Spectral density of OTR versus θ by the energy of electrons of 3.5 MeV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-the-beam-x-profile-on-the-pelletron-beam-3ehd15x5.png Fig. 6 Dependence of the beam X-profile on the Pelletron beam current https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-image-of-the-low-current-beam-from-yag-monitor-1c92apns.png Fig. 8. The image of the low-current beam from YAG monitor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3-d-image-of-the-electron-beam-obtained-with-yag-2qq4dfg4.png Fig. 10. 3-D image of the electron beam obtained with YAG monitor https://scispace.com/papers/beauty-photoproduction-using-decays-into-electrons-at-hera-4kvfupb1oz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differential-cross-sections-for-the-most-energetic-2vfmb81b.png Table 4: Differential cross sections for the most energetic jet as a function of EjetT and ηjet for the complete data set. For further details see the caption of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-differential-cross-sections-of-ee-jett-for-the-jet-2opfww06.png Table 5: Differential cross sections of Ee jetT for the jet associated to the electron from beauty or charm decays for the complete data set. For further details see the caption of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-differential-cross-sections-for-a-b-quark-and-b-c-33w149ay.png Figure 13: Differential cross sections for a) b-quark and b) c-quark production as a function of the transverse energy of the jet associated to the electron. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mean-de-dx-measured-in-the-ctd-de-dx-as-a-3iwaeq18.png Figure 1: The mean dE/dx measured in the CTD, 〈dE/dx〉, as a function of βγ for different samples of identified particles as denoted in the figure. The curve shows a physically motivated parametrisation of the 〈dE/dx〉 dependence on βγ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distributions-of-the-five-input-variables-of-the-2d5at0dx.png Figure 5: Distributions of the five input variables of the likelihood for the electron candidates used in the fit (−2 lnT < 10). All cuts have been applied except dE/dx > 1.1 in a) and EEMC/ECAL > 0.9 in b) (the cuts are indicated in the figure). The shaded areas show the contributions from b quarks, c quarks and background as denoted in the figure, after applying the scale factors from the fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-distribution-of-the-likelihood-ratio-for-3l3x9032.png Figure 4: The distribution of the likelihood ratio for electron candidates, Ncand, in data compared to the Monte Carlo expectation after the fit described in the text. The arrow indicates the region included in the fit (−2 lnT < 10). The shaded areas show the fitted contributions from b quarks, c quarks and background as denoted in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-differential-cross-section-for-b-quark-production-2am2nk5x.png Figure 14: Differential cross section for b-quark production as a function of transverse momentum, pbT , compared to the results of previous ZEUS measurements as indicated in the figure. The measurements are shown as points. The inner error bar shows the statistical uncertainty and the outer error bar shows the statistical and systematic uncertainties added in quadrature. The solid line shows the NLO QCD prediction from the FMNR program with the theoretical uncertainty shown as the shaded band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-total-cross-sections-for-electrons-from-b-and-c-5tv600vg.png Figure 9: Total cross sections for electrons from b and c quarks in photoproduction events, Q2 < 1GeV 2 and 0.2 < y < 0.8, with at least two jets with ET > 7(6)GeV , |η| < 2.5 and the subsequent semileptonic decay to an electron with pT > 0.9GeV and |η| < 1.5. The measurements are shown as points. The inner error bar shows the statistical uncertainty and the outer error bar shows the statistical and systematic uncertainties added in quadrature. The solid line shows the NLO QCD prediction after hadronisation corrections, with the theoretical uncertainties indicated by the band; the dashed line shows the prediction from Pythia. https://scispace.com/papers/before-ratification-understanding-the-timing-of-20pe7dszi8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-results-without-matching-26ctwi7e.png Table 2: Empirical results without matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-country-years-that-adopted-automobile-emission-1t2gega1.png Table 6: Country-years that adopted automobile emission standards between PTA signature and ratification. The first column indicates the developing country and the first row indicates the Northern partner. Unless zero, the cell indicates the year of the positive observation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-variables-used-in-the-284q5lhu.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for variables used in the main analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-of-empirical-results-f0vfc0g6.png Table 5: Robustness of empirical results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-empirical-results-with-matching-l5jv21ki.png Table 4: Empirical results with matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-changes-in-the-values-of-main-covariates-ojplwstb.png Table 3: Effect of changes in the values of main covariates on the predicted probability of improved automobile emission standards and the predicted number of improvements per year. The estimates are based on Model 1. For continuous variables, the changes in probabilities are calculated for moving from a standard deviation below the mean to a standard deviation above the mean. For dummy variables, the probabilities are calculated moving from zero to one. The predicted number of improvements per year is calculated by multiplying the predicted probabilities by the number of observations (1900) and dividing by the number of years (16). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-distribution-of-the-binary-dependent-1735yo6b.png Figure 1: Left panel: Distribution of the binary dependent variable. Right panel: Mean stringency of automobile emission standards in the dataset on a 0 − 5 scale. https://scispace.com/papers/bedding-additives-reduce-ammonia-emission-and-improve-crop-n-4k72sg5oha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-experimental-setup-showing-nh3-2uh34132.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of experimental setup showing NH3 gas collection through passive flux samplers in grassland (a) and greenhouse gaseous emissions measurement using INNOVA gas monitor in maize land experiment (b). Mean weekly temperature (solid line) as well as cumulative rainfall (bars) during experimental year 2010 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-characteristics-and-application-rate-of-the-1hr5cabj.png Table 1 Chemical characteristics and application rate of the additives used in animal bedding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-characteristics-of-the-untreated-control-3i1rq7ic.png Table 2 Chemical characteristics of the untreated control and additives amended solid cattle manures used for application in grassland and arable field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-a-n2o-b-ch4-and-c-co2-emissions-rates-mg-m-2-day-1yvs89gg.png Fig. 3. Mean (a) N2O, (b) CH4 and (c) CO2 emissions rates (mg m 2 day 1) measured after manure incorporation to soil during three consecutive days (Expt. 2). Error bars represented mean standard error (±). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-co2-ch4-and-n2o-emission-rates-after-field-25vvv0yo.png Table 3 Mean CO2, CH4, and N2O emission rates after field incorporation of animal manures during three days measurement period (Maize crop Expt. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-concentration-of-nh3-in-air-at-20-cm-height-3k4cgxe0.png Fig. 2. Average concentration of NH3 in air at 20 cm height from the soil surface of experimental plots after manure application during three consecutive days (Expt. 1). The data of this gas was corrected for the mean measured background concentration. Error bars represented mean's standard error (±). Small letters on bars represent the significant difference (P< .05) among treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-herbage-three-harvests-expt-1-and-maize-three-14s0o2yd.png Table 4 Total herbage (three harvests, Expt. 1) and maize (three growth stages, Expt. 2) dry matter (DM) yield, N uptake and apparent N recovery (ANR) from negative (Zero) and positive (untretned manure) control and additives amended solid cattle manure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-in-a-nitrogen-n-b-neutral-detergent-fibre-225p3bv2.png Fig. 4. Variation in (a) Nitrogen (N), (b) Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), (c) starch and (d) dry matter (DM) yields of maize crop between beginning of grain filling growth phase and physiological maturity (Expt. 2). 1:1 relationship and trend is represented by dotted and dashed lines, respectively. A decline in yields indicated by downward arrows and increment by upward arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/behavior-determinants-among-cardiac-rehabilitation-patients-3rxqxoutiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-20dj2k66.png Table 2 – Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants, Overall and by Educational Curriculum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-psychometrically-validated-scales-3k221wzk.png Table 1 – Description of psychometrically-validated scales administered to assess HAPA constructs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pearsons-correlation-matrix-for-hapa-constructs-and-244pd7u1.png Table 5 - Pearson’s correlation matrix for HAPA constructs and exercise behavior post-CR (n=81) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-the-relationship-between-hapa-constructs-2w1drjmo.png Figure 1 – Model of the relationship between HAPA constructs, knowledge and exercise behavior. SE indicates self-efficacy, OE outcome expectancies, e- errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modified-model-of-the-relationship-between-hapa-20mhdfpd.png Figure 3 – Modified model of the relationship between HAPA constructs, knowledge and exercise behavior. SE indicates self-efficacy, OE outcome expectancies, e- errors. https://scispace.com/papers/behavioral-adaptation-of-component-compositions-based-on-4y0w9kf464 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-our-approach-3l5r678b.png Figure 2: Overview of our Approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-context-11e200d2.png Figure 1: Research Context https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-adaptor-generation-3asl5qps.png Table 1: Examples of adaptor generation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pda-room-and-sub-interfaces-ltss-36b7es1p.png Figure 4: PDA, ROOM, and SUB Interfaces (Ltss) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-emuseum-adaptation-case-study-367t5pna.png Figure 3: eMuseum adaptation case-study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-on-the-fly-detection-of-states-potentially-leading-2mqvzsyy.png Figure 5: On-the-fly detection of states potentially leading to successful termination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adaptor-lts-for-the-emuseum-service-16pqjo9a.png Figure 6: Adaptor Lts for the eMuseum service https://scispace.com/papers/behavioral-aspects-of-lutzomyia-longipalpis-diptera-3pi8t3p15d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-a-municipal-district-of-campo-grande-state-1zbmqu4e.png Fig. 1. Study area. (A) Municipal district of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. (B) 50, 100, and 200 m buffers and spatial distribution of recapture sites on IKONOS-2 image (panchromatic band). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-total-number-of-sand-ssies-2sg49onx.png Fig. 4. Relationship between total number of sand ßies recaptured at different distances from release site (A) and as function of time in days (B), November 2009 to November 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dispersion-directions-of-lu-longipalpis-november-2009-1deynk4f.png Fig. 3. Dispersion directions of Lu. longipalpis, November 2009 to November 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dispersion-experiments-november-2009-to-november-2010-1m7ko87z.png Fig. 2. Dispersion experiments, November 2009 to November 2010. R residence; NDVI normalized difference vegetation index; VC vegetation cover (Oliveira et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-recapture-rates-of-lu-longipalpis-17akeq3h.png Table 1. Number and recapture rates of Lu. longipalpis according to sex and distance (by buffer) during dispersal experiments, 2009–2010 https://scispace.com/papers/behavioral-compensatory-adjustments-to-exercise-training-in-2q0955675y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-at-baseline-l7mp33az.png Table 1 Subject characteristics at baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-responses-to-exercise-programme-26kyudqw.png Table 2 Responses to exercise programme https://scispace.com/papers/behavioural-adjustments-during-foraging-in-two-diving-20lv7vubak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-wiggles-according-to-maximal-dive-depth-10-m-16erdjfk.png Fig. 1 Number of wiggles according to maximal dive depth (10  m bins) for macaroni penguins (n = 28,946 dives) and king penguins (n = 15,393 dives). IDZ dives and non-IDZ dives are shown in black and grey, respectively. Stars represent significant differences between IDZ dives and non-IDZ dives https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diving-parameters-of-macaroni-and-king-penguins-3k1dtcpa.png Table 1 Diving parameters of macaroni and king penguins during the breeding period at Kerguelen Island (mean ± s.e.m) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximal-dive-depth-distributions-of-the-current-dive-1a7plgyq.png Fig. 2 Maximal dive depth distributions of the current dive within two successive PCA dives for macaroni penguins (a) and king penguins (b). IDZ dives are dives where two dives targeted the same depth zone (defined as 5 m for macaroni penguins and 10 m for king penguins). IDZ dives are shown in black and non-IDZ dive sequences are shown in grey. Dive numbers are indicated for each category. Note that depth scales differed between species https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-changes-of-dive-parameters-across-pca-bouts-of-2cqyiqes.png Fig. 5 Changes of dive parameters across PCA bouts of different lengths. A total of 2168 and 926 PCA bouts were recorded ranging from 2 to 138 (median: 4) and from 2 to 133 successive dives (median: 4) for macaroni penguins and king penguins, respectively. Note that the lengths of PCA bout classes differ between species. Non-significant differences are indicated by “ns” associated with a bar (linear mixed model, P ≥ 0.1), “**” indicates significant differences (linear mixed models, P < 0.05) and “*” indicates slightly significant difference (linear mixed models, 0.05 < P < 0.1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-mixed-models-results-parameters-are-explained-32cmwd04.png Table 2 Linear mixed models results. Parameters are explained by the number of dives in PCA bout for each species. Numbers in bracket represent the numbers of observation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-theoretical-occurrence-probability-of-pca-bouts-2cqez79p.png Fig. 4 The theoretical occurrence probability of PCA bouts with n-dives (PCA dives), shown in red compared to the observed occurrence of PCA bouts in king penguins (black solid line) and macaroni penguins (black dotted line) https://scispace.com/papers/behavioural-changes-in-dementia-and-their-impact-on-1e69fdjspd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sub-core-categories-1dj6eqna.png Table 1. Sub-core categories. https://scispace.com/papers/beitrag-zum-problem-der-energiemessung-in-aquatischen-3wn6af3j0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-the-specific-energy-content-j-per-2x8fgrcw.png Figure 3. Relation between the specific energy content (J per mg dry weight) and the cell density. https://scispace.com/papers/beitrag-zur-kenntniss-des-verdauungskanals-von-siredon-25u2nsfpbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epitlielien-der-mundschleimhaut-manvier-scher-alkohol-2n13zxf6.png Fig. 1. Epitlielien der Mundschleimhaut. Manvier scher Alkohol. Hartnack. Syst. 8. Oc. 3. (ebenso alle übrigen.) https://scispace.com/papers/bending-and-twisting-instabilities-of-columnar-elliptical-37jsokp47p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domains-of-existence-of-the-moore-saffman-vortices-3jaz4mbf.png Figure 1. Domains of existence of the Moore–Saffman vortices with aspect ratio λ > 1. In the light and heavy shaded areas, there are one solution and two solutions, respectively. Steady solutions do not exist in the white areas or on the dashed line. The numbers correspond to the different streamline patterns shown in figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-rate-of-the-m-1-and-m-2-azimuthal-modes-in-3fr55wey.png Figure 4. Growth rate of the m = 1 and m = 2 azimuthal modes in the two-dimensional case. The contour interval is 0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-growth-rate-of-the-azimuthal-modem-2-given-by-3-68-3ctyjbkt.png Figure 11. Growth rate of the azimuthal modem = 2 given by (3.68) for λ = 1.25 as a function of Ω and the vertical wavenumber k for various Rossby numbers: (a) Ro = 0.1, (b) Ro = ∞, (c) Ro = 1, (d) Ro = −1, (e) Ro = 10, (f ) Ro = −10. The contour interval is 0.0005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-streamlines-of-the-moore-saffman-elliptical-vortex-ftg1yxvn.png Figure 2. Streamlines of the Moore–Saffman elliptical vortex with aspect ratio λ = 2 for different values of the background vorticity Ω and strain rate γ . The bold line shows the boundary of the elliptical patch. (a) Elliptic background flow (region 1 of figure 1, Ω = −0.4, γ = 0.37), (b) hyperbolic (region 3, Ω = −0.05, γ = 0.16), (c) hyperbolic (region 4, Ω = 0.05, γ = 0.10), (d) elliptic (region 5, Ω = 0.15, γ = 0.04). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-growth-rate-of-the-a-m-1-and-b-m-2-azimuthal-modes-17qb0ynu.png Figure 3. Growth rate of the (a) m = 1 and (b) m = 2 azimuthal modes in the two-dimensional case. The horizontal axis is Ω and the vertical axis is the strain γ . The contour interval is 0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-growth-rate-of-the-azimuthal-mode-m-2-for-l-1-25-as-37bvzyql.png Figure 9. Growth rate of the azimuthal mode m = 2 for λ = 1.25 as a function of Ω and the vertical wavenumber k̃ = k √ λ/Ro. The exact result, obtained via the analysis described in Dritschel & de la Torre Juárez (1996) is shown in (a), while the asymptotic result given by (3.68) for Ro → 0 is shown in (b). The contour interval is 0.0005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-growth-rate-of-the-azimuthal-mode-m-1-given-by-3-50-1k7cgfw5.png Figure 6. Growth rate of the azimuthal mode m = 1 given by (3.50) for λ = 1.25 as a function of Ω and the vertical wavenumber k for various Rossby numbers: (a) Ro = 0.1, (b) Ro = ∞, (c) Ro = 1, (d) Ro = −1, (e) Ro = 10, (f ) Ro = −10. The contour interval is 0.005. Note that the y axis scale is not the same for each plot. The present asymptotic approach is valid only for small wavenumbers k and the reversal of the unstable domain towards negative Ω for large wavenumbers in (a) and (d) is probably spurious. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ultra-long-wavelength-stability-domains-in-the-a-g-2dxu298a.png Figure 5. Ultra-long-wavelength stability domains in the (a) Ω–γ and (b) Ω–λ parameter spaces, for azimuthal mode m=1 and for Ro= − 3. The unstable domain in the twodimensional case is shaded. Three-dimensional effects are stabilizing in the light shaded area and destabilizing in the heavy shaded area. The dashed line shows the critical value Ω = 1/Ro. https://scispace.com/papers/beneficial-impact-of-wave-breaking-for-coherent-continuum-2q8h5rvgbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3iae1v3x.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3tynxuv4.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1g75k1rn.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3w2wv4a3.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2itnpf9u.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-816pmv1b.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x9gr2e8u.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-2ho8jy7l.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/papers/benefit-assessment-of-the-precision-departure-release-38mg9ciuhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-10-20-30-and-40-mit-at-mei-standard-deviation-1h6qa82r.png Figure 3. For 10, 20, 30, and 40 MIT at MEI. Standard deviation of 1 to 30 minutes. Speed adjustments of 5% slower to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-10-20-30-and-40-mit-at-mei-standard-deviation-d2bfv5yb.png Figure 2. For 10, 20, 30, and 40 MIT at MEI. Standard deviation of 1 to 30 minutes. Perturbing 28 DFW departures only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-perturb-around-zero-mean-delay-speed-adjustments-of-1txu4lai.png Figure 9. Perturb around zero mean delay. Speed adjustments of 2-minutes slow-down to 1-minute speed-up, modeling the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-perturb-around-zero-mean-delay-speed-adjustments-of-3oumsth0.png Figure 8. Perturb around zero mean delay. Speed adjustments of 2-minutes slow-down to 1-minute speed-up, modeling the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-perturb-around-zero-mean-delay-speed-adjustments-of-1p3ngvdx.png Figure 7. Perturb around zero mean delay. Speed adjustments of 2-minutes slow-down to 1-minute speed-up, modeling the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experiment-procedure-2f14aule.png Figure 1. Experiment Procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-perturb-around-each-airport-mean-delay-speed-jlvq4irz.png Figure 4. Perturb around each airport mean delay. Speed adjustments of 2-minutes slow-down to 1-minute speed-up, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-perturb-around-each-airport-mean-delay-speed-2czk8l72.png Figure 5. Perturb around each airport mean delay. Speed adjustments of 2-minutes slow-down to 1-minute speed-up, https://scispace.com/papers/benthic-biotope-index-for-classifying-habitats-in-the-sado-kbssns4thl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-classification-functions-wj-for-each-community-z-of-1wx3nl9l.png Table 5 Classification functions (Wj) for each community z of Model II for BIbio calculation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-of-131-sampling-locations-and-benthic-eajdjzcx.png Fig. 1. Location map of 131 sampling locations and benthic communities in Sado Estuary. Data from Rodrigues (1992). Coastal line from Caeiro et al. (2003b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlations-coefficients-for-the-physical-2f3nc9g0.png Table 4 Pearson correlations coefficients for the physical and chemical variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-distribution-of-the-bibio-in-sado-estuary-1lrj0zjy.png Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of the BIbio in Sado Estuary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-forward-stepwise-discriminant-3k82tk0z.png Table 3 Results of the forward stepwise discriminant analyses conducted for combining the physical and chemical variables into the BIbio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-literature-review-of-macrozoobenthic-indices-applied-s8frphif.png Table 1 Literature review of macrozoobenthic indices applied to estuarine ecosystems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-distribution-of-sediment-fine-fraction-63-lm-25id23ed.png Fig. 4. Spatial distribution of sediment fine fraction (<63 lm) in Sado Estuary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-semivariogram-models-for-the-co-kriging-calculation-1d8jbavc.png Table 6 Semivariogram models for the co-kriging calculation, according to method properties in Geostatistical Analyst https://scispace.com/papers/benzoxazolone-carboxamides-as-potent-acid-ceramidase-3r2gal6akx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chemical-stability-of-compounds-1-3-14-19-26-35-and-3vihwewk.png Table 4. Chemical Stability of Compounds 1−3, 14, 19−26, 35, and 36 in PBS (pH 7.4)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-compound-14-10-mg-kg-1-ip-on-ac-activity-1ipgpz62.png Figure 3. Effects of compound 14 (10 mg kg−1, ip) on AC activity and sphingolipid levels in mice lungs (A, B) and cerebral cortex (C, D) after 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 16 h, and 24 h. Activity is expressed as percentage of vehicle (basal AC activity in lungs, 98± 7.1 pmol min−1 mg−1; cerebral cortex, 74± 8.6 pmol min−1 mg−1). Values are reported as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Repeated experiments gave similar results: (∗∗∗) p < 0.001 vs vehicle, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biochemical-pathway-of-ceramide-to-sphingosine-1-i0ymxhxw.png Figure 1. Biochemical pathway of ceramide to sphingosine 1-phosphate mediated by the enzymes acid ceramidase (AC) and sphingosine kinase (SK). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-benzoxazolone-carboxamides-1-3-and-illustration-of-3dvnnwf0.png Figure 2. Benzoxazolone carboxamides 1−3 and illustration of the design strategy for structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inhibitory-potencies-ic50-of-compounds-on-human-ac-1r17yya5.png Table 3. Inhibitory Potencies (IC50) of Compounds on Human AC Activity a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inhibitory-potencies-ic50-of-compounds-on-human-ac-2t2g37v7.png Table 1. Inhibitory Potencies (IC50) of Compounds on Human AC Activitya https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inhibitory-potencies-ic50-of-compounds-on-human-ac-apiycjft.png Table 2. Inhibitory Potencies (IC50) of Compounds on Human AC Activitya https://scispace.com/papers/benefits-of-explosive-cutting-for-nuclear-facility-12hswnfpwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-7-c-type-hydraulic-shear-1tu9wqgn.png FIGURE A.7. C-Type Hydraulic Shear https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-work-times-and-radiation-exposures-for-cutting-floor-bzsmubp1.png TABLE 4. Work Times and Radiation Exposures for Cutting Floor Plates in a Drained Nuclear Fuel Basin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-air-arc-gouging-system-285llfm1.png FIGURE A.4. Air Arc Gouging System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-5-oxygen-burner-system-using-iron-powder-flux-39jvt8u0.png FIGURE A.5. Oxygen Burner System Using Iron Powder Flux https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nuclear-fuel-basin-with-floor-plate-to-be-sectioned-3m2k2jiv.png FIGURE 2. Nuclear Fuel Basin with Floor Plate to be Sectioned https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-contd-1g5f4y4y.png TABLE C.2. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-contd-3lsd40c4.png TABLE B.1. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-3-schedule-elements-for-pipe-and-floor-plate-1ba4u1sb.png FIGURE C.3. Schedule Elements for Pipe and Floor Plate Cutting Case USing Explosive Charges https://scispace.com/papers/bertrand-competition-under-uncertainty-202ezk320n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bresnahan-reiss-entry-thresholds-rescaled-and-5kdpi4cz.png Table 3: Bresnahan-Reiss Entry Thresholds: Rescaled and Rounded (25(sm si) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bresnahan-reiss-entry-thresholds-si-original-2cp9eg5v.png Table 2: Bresnahan-Reiss Entry Thresholds si: Original https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-price-distributions-as-industry-ovkc44n9.png Figure 1: Equilibrium Price Distributions as Industry Concentration Rises ( = :2; v = 100) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cournot-pro-ts-for-di-erent-probabilities-of-13d9hxjn.png Figure 3: Cournot Pro ts For Di erent Probabilities of Activity, , and Numbers of Firms, N (from Equation (35), conditional on at least one rm being active) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-industry-pro-ts-for-di-erent-concentration-levels7-p6ql9gth.png Table 1: Industry Pro ts for Di erent Concentration Levels7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bertrand-and-cournot-pro-ts-1y3sobg0.png Figure 4: Bertrand and Cournot Pro ts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bertrand-pro-ts-for-di-erent-probabilities-of-3j5sypcn.png Figure 2: Bertrand Pro ts For Di erent Probabilities of Activity, , and Numbers of Firms, N (from Equation (31 (conditional on at least one rm being active) https://scispace.com/papers/best-estimate-radiation-flux-value-added-procedure-algorithm-mea65osyb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-estimate-limits-and-criteria-used-for-data-qc-38gty24c.png Table 2. Best Estimate Limits and Criteria Used for Data QC Testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-percent-of-input-data-available-by-year-and-io94g0l1.png Figure 31. Percent of input data available by year and platform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-same-plot-as-figure-12-but-for-the-year-2000-3f14h9j5.png Figure 13. Same plot as Figure 12, but for the year 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-frequency-distribution-of-the-standard-deviation-9dn0y7gn.png Figure 26. Frequency distribution of the standard deviation of the IRT flux vs. upwelling LW data in the year 1999. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-sirs-c1-vs-sirs-e13-upwelling-sw-data-for-the-year-svr3x8tk.png Figure 14. SIRS C1 vs. SIRS E13 Upwelling SW data for the year 1999. Top plot: the ratio of SIRS C1/E13 data; Bottom plot: probability distribution of the ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-cumulative-frequency-of-instrument-differences-for-2fg4b3ql.png Figure 40. Cumulative frequency of instrument differences for downwelling LW in the year 2000. Top left: all the available data; Top right: QC Flag = 0; Bottom left: QC Flag = 1; Bottom right: QC Flag=2. Red: differences between SIRS E13 and SIRS C1; Blue: differences between BRS and SIRS C1; Green: differences between BRS and SIRS E13. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-from-ohmura-et-al-1998-bams-vol-79-no-10-pp-2115-1fjww2jt.png Table 3. From Ohmura et al. (1998, BAMS, Vol. 79, No. 10, pp 2115-2136) Showing Calibration Accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differences-of-diffuse-sw-data-in-the-year-1999-2ccb8s80.png Figure 3. Differences of diffuse SW data in the year 1999. Upper plot: percent differences of the data with the SZA less than 80°, the data with the best estimate value greater than 20 Wm-2 are colored red; Lower plot: absolute differences of the data with the SZA less than 80°, the data with the best estimate value less or equal to 20 Wm-2 are colored blue. https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-a-synuclein-transfer-pathology-propagation-in-3o3w20cba4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-selected-publications-demonstrating-1pszet8i.png Table 1:Overview of selected publications demonstrating experimental propagation of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-demographic-buffering-context-dependence-in-1r3nz51f6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-phylogeny-posterior-parameter-sj47fnmv.png Figure 3. Effect of phylogeny (posterior parameter distribution) on model coefficients from the 232 Bayesian mixed effect model describing the log(variance stabilized sensitivity of population growth) 233 as a function of corrected vital rate standard deviations (SD) (a). Caterpillar plots (b) show the 234 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-variation-of-stage-specific-vital-rates-i-2gfmsxi6.png Figure 2. Temporal variation of stage-specific vital rates (i.e. the corrected standard deviation) and 217 their importance to the population growth rate (i.e. the variance stabilized sensitivity) for eight study 218 populations representing different families in the phylogenetic tree (for equivalent plots of all 219 populations, see Fig. S2 and Fig. S3). We note that for the populations shown here, the demographic 220 strategy could not be determined unequivocally (i.e., 95 % C.I. of Spearman correlation coefficient 221 crossed 0). 222 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-the-demographic-1guzou8r.png Figure 1. Graphical representation of the demographic buffering (black) and the demographic lability 77 hypotheses (gray). The demographic buffering hypothesis predicts lower temporal variation in the 78 vital rates that contribute the most to the population growth rate, whereas the demographic lability 79 hypothesis predicts that the most important vital rates track environmental changes, therefore showing 80 the most temporal variation. Each square or circle represents a vital rate, for which its variation over 81 time, as well as its relative importance for the population growth rate, are calculated. 82 https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-intermediates-the-role-of-consumption-and-commuting-2n2heknr90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-region-io-table-for-scotland-2l55d6r7.png Figure 1 Single- region IO table for Scotland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indirect-and-induced-effects-for-each-sub-region-1dybhwyo.png Figure 5 Indirect and induced effects for each sub-region based on ST, FLQ, and SLQ approaches with and without commuting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-type-ii-multipliers-estimated-using-an-flq-651cf3yf.png Table 7 Type II multipliers estimated using an FLQ specification of households and their % deviation from the default Type II multipliers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-spatial-decomposition-of-aggregate-multipliers-by-2y897llr.png Table 6 Spatial decomposition of aggregate multipliers by sub-region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-and-spill-over-effects-for-indirect-and-1akacgpg.png Figure 3 Local and spill-over effects for indirect and induced effects for two sectors under alternative LQ-formulas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-social-and-economic-indicators-for-each-io-1m4csh17.png Table 1 Key social and economic indicators for each IO-region in 2006. GLA RST ROS SCO https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-origins-and-destinations-of-people-who-travel-2cgbs7yd.png Table 2 Origins and destinations of people who travel between Scottish addresses for work (headcount/column %). Source: Own calculations, based on flow data from 2011 UK census. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-origins-and-destinations-of-people-who-travel-3lbyja8g.png Table 3 Origins and destinations of people who travel between Scottish addresses for shopping (column %). Source: Based on 2007 Travel Survey. https://scispace.com/papers/bi-criteria-algorithm-for-scheduling-jobs-on-cluster-5be76c3ljl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-ratio-for-the-simulation-on-200-1roz98uv.png Figure 4: Performance ratio for the simulation on 200 processors, highly parallel tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-ratio-for-the-simulation-on-200-1jn54ofd.png Figure 5: Performance ratio for the simulation on 200 processors, mixed model parallel tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-job-submission-in-clusters-1g1tlqhh.png Figure 1: Job submission in clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-ratio-for-the-simulation-on-200-oz8crcgq.png Figure 6: Performance ratio for the simulation on 200 processors, cirne model parallel tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-execution-time-of-the-algorithm-3bzl621e.png Figure 7: Execution time of the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-principle-of-the-algorithm-2r0m7ves.png Figure 2: Principle of the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-ratio-for-the-simulation-on-200-3lvwab1r.png Figure 3: Performance ratio for the simulation on 200 processors, weakly parallel tasks https://scispace.com/papers/biasing-smarter-not-harder-by-partitioning-collective-26rca58u9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-free-energy-surface-recovered-from-pbmetadpf-bp1bf3u2.png Figure 5. (left) Free-energy surface recovered from PBMetaDPF simulation of the 2D 7-particle LJ system after reweighting for second and third moments of the coordination number. (right) Representative structures for the regions highlighted in orange on the free-energy surface along with the probability of occurrence of each structure in the 2D phase space plotted on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-all-of-the-mean-aligned-free-energy-profiles-for-2wbsbuta.png Figure 2. (A) All of the mean-aligned free-energy profiles for PBMetaD after 4 µs (78 profiles x 16 trials) and PBMetaDPF after 4 µs (16 trials) and one profile from parallel tempering (PT). (B) The average RMSD, with respect to the converged PT profile, of PBMetaDPF profiles (blue), PBMetaD profiles (green), and of PBMetaD with a projected convergence rate of 78 times faster (orange) over the course of the simulation. (C) The average RMSD of PBMetaD profiles (green) and PBMetaDPF profiles (blue), all RMSD calculations are relative to the converged PT profile over the course of the simulation. (D) Structure corresponding to the global free-energy minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-free-energy-surface-for-the-7-particle-lj-system-lojsn2sk.png Figure 4. (A) Free-energy surface for the 7-particle LJ system reweighted for the second and third moments of coordination numbers using PBMetaDPF. (B) The average RMSD from 16 PBMetaD and PBMetaDPF simulations (each) reweighted for the second and third moments of coordination numbers with respect to a WTMetaD simulation biasing those same CVs. (C) A demonstration of the absence of systematic error in reweighting both PBMetaD and PBMetaDPF. The area of interest was restricted to be 40 kJ/mol of the minimum of the reweighted WTMetaD surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mean-aligned-free-energy-profiles-of-the-2b5orat0.png Figure 3. (A) Mean-aligned free-energy profiles of the interatomic distance between LJ particles. In total, the 16 PBMetaDPF profiles, the 336 PBMetaD profiles, and one WTMetaD profile (reweighted) are plotted. (B) The average RMSD of PBMetaDPF profiles (blue), PBMetaD profiles (green), and average RMSD of PBMetaD projected to converge 21 times faster (orange) relative to the converged WTMetaD profile over the course of the simulation. The area of interest was restricted to be 100 kJ/mol of the minimum of the reweighted WTMetaD profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-mean-aligned-free-energy-profiles-of-the-2a73xrjq.png Figure 1: (A) Mean-aligned free-energy profiles of the interatomic distance between LJ particles. In total, the 16 PBMetaDPF profiles, the 48 PBMetaD profiles, and one parallel tempering (PT) profile are plotted. (B) The average RMSD of PBMetaDPF profiles (blue), PBMetaD profiles (green), and of PBMetaD with a projected convergence rate of three times faster (orange), all RMSD calculations are relative to the reference PT profile. (C) The average RMSD of PBMetaDPF relative to the converged PBMetaD profile over the course of the simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/biases-in-the-assimilation-of-technological-breakdowns-do-26sxx1rhha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1p6cwgmf.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2lm2d4oq.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/big-and-beautiful-on-non-parametrically-measuring-scale-5d23y8vd47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rts-for-individual-observations-18l1xepm.png Table 2: RTS for individual observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-20zszy7m.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-robust-fdh-model-1li1x5bo.png Figure 1: The robust FDH model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rts-in-the-robust-fdh-model-3h6sc8w1.png Figure 2: RTS in the robust FDH model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-scale-overall-scenario-e3hi08tn.png Figure 5: Optimal scale - Overall scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimal-scale-speci-c-scenario-1s1764vr.png Figure 6: Optimal scale - Speci c scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-existence-of-scope-economies-14p16tuq.png Figure 4: The existence of scope economies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-existence-of-scale-economies-1uxk2zos.png Figure 3: The existence of scale economies https://scispace.com/papers/bifurcations-and-multistability-in-the-extended-hindmarsh-29bhpd933f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-evolution-w-t-near-the-interior-crisis-completing-14auimmx.png Fig. 8. Time evolution w ( t ) near the interior crisis, completing the period-3 window for (a) v = 0 . 034907 < v c , (b) v = 0 . 034917 > v c , (c) v = 0 . 034922 > v c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bifurcation-diagrams-in-a-m-x-and-b-v-x-planes-3bndc1ee.png Fig. 7. Bifurcation diagrams in (a) ( μ, x ) and (b) ( v, x ) planes respectively with I DC = 3 . 0249 and the other parameters described in the text. (c) and (d), enlargement of (a) and (b) respectively, showing reverse period doubling (RPD), exterior crisis (EC) and interior crisis (IC), (e) reverse perioddoubling illustration. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-portrait-and-time-series-of-system-1-with-the-3mlhxlsf.png Fig. 4. Phase portrait and time series of system (1) with the parameters fixed in the text. (a) and (c) for μ = 0 . 10 < μc ; (b) and (d) for μ = 0 . 12 < μc . The asymptotic solution is a stable limit cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bifurcation-diagram-showing-the-coordinate-x-t-and-the-3ueype04.png Fig. 5. Bifurcation diagram showing the coordinate x ( t ) and the corresponding graph of the maximal Lyapunov exponent versus I DC . The other parameters’ values are defined in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shifting-the-y-nullcline-by-changing-f-while-keeping-357t4136.png Fig. 1. Shifting the y - nullcline by changing f while keeping other parameters constant (a) or shifting the x - nullcline by changing b while keeping the other parameters constant (b), reduces the number of equilibria from 3 to 2 to 1 (a) or increases this number from 1 to 2 to 3 (b). The stability of each equilibrium is shown; red dots correspond to unstable equilibria while black dots correspond to stable equilibria (the other parameters are given in the text). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-evolution-of-the-dynamical-variable-x-t-of-the-3nwtnx33.png Fig. 6. Time evolution of the dynamical variable x ( t ) of the extended HR model for different values of the applied current: (a) I DC = 1 . 01 ; (b) I DC = 1 . 426 ; (c) I DC = 2 . 03 ; (d) I DC = 2 . 64 ; (e) I DC = 3 . 0249 ; (f) I DC = 3 . 431 . (g) The corresponding three dimensional phase diagram ( x, z, w ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-membrane-potential-as-a-function-of-f-a-and-b-b-its-3t2hf6kp.png Fig. 3. Membrane potential as a function of f (a) and b (b). Its helps to understand how the location, number and stability of the equilibria change when the parameters of the system are varied. This is done by finding the bifurcation points of the system. We observe three qualitative changes as f (a) or b (b) is varied i.e. 3 bifurcations. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-the-eigenvalues-solutions-of-the-349w5z12.png Fig. 2. Representation of the eigenvalues, solutions of the characteristic equation (10) , in the complex plane (Re ( ς ), Im ( ς )). The other parameters’ values are defined in the text. (a) When f is fixed to 4.5; (b) When b is fixed to 8.0. https://scispace.com/papers/big-social-data-analytics-for-public-health-facebook-4e9w5pnsyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-category-type-descriptions-1dzaq7ws.png Table II CATEGORY TYPE DESCRIPTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overall-statistics-of-public-health-facebook-dataset-k8otr2fv.png Table I OVERALL STATISTICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH FACEBOOK DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-category-type-feature-representation-3gormq1a.png Figure 7. Category type feature representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classes-in-comparison-to-clusters-gyk6ao7k.png Figure 4. Classes in comparison to clusters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-feature-representation-of-overall-dataset-2yldp5nn.png Figure 5. Feature representation of Overall Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-clusters-for-facebook-dataset-29d55mo1.png Figure 3. Number of clusters for Facebook dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-distribution-of-posts-shares-post-likes-2iogf4t5.png Figure 6. Temporal Distribution of Posts, Shares, Post Likes, Comments and Comment Likes of Total dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-statistics-of-total-dataset-14lgw3pa.png Figure 1. General Statistics of Total dataset https://scispace.com/papers/bim-based-integrated-management-workflow-design-for-schedule-59nio74e3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-multiple-software-for-4d-and-5d-1588ceoi.png Table 2. Comparison of Multiple Software for 4D and 5D BIMApplications https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-building-fabric-component-table-for-sql-database-3qprynbq.png Table 4. “Building Fabric Component” Table for SQL Database (Part) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-researches-on-bim-based-project-management-3gfjbl9k.png Table 1. Researches on BIM-Based Project Management https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-curtain-wall-component-table-for-sql-database-part-1k58tt8p.png Table 5. “Curtain Wall Component” Table for SQL Database (Part) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-maintenance-information-of-curtain-walls-in-western-281ohz1f.png Table 6. Maintenance Information of Curtain Walls in Western and Eastern Atrium Facades https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-comparison-of-multiple-software-for-4d-2lvtt2s4.png Table 3. Performance Comparison of Multiple Software for 4D and 5D BIM https://scispace.com/papers/binary-bat-algorithm-on-the-efficiency-of-mapping-functions-14kit2aplj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-bat-algorithm-variants-for-instance-2nck40zj.png Table 4. Results of the Bat Algorithm Variants For Instance 349 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-bat-algorithm-variants-for-instance-4b4xb8u9.png Table 3. Results of the Bat Algorithm Variants For Instance 149 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instances-size-and-coverage-epsy420i.png Table 1. Instances : Size and Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bat-algorithm-parameters-223g5sdn.png Table 2. Bat Algorithm Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-antenna-coverage-models-2vorqvun.png Fig. 1. Antenna Coverage Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-the-bat-algorithm-variants-for-instance-3csuakwd.png Table 6. Results of the Bat Algorithm Variants For Instance 749 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-bat-algorithm-variants-for-instance-23cojg7k.png Table 5. Results of the Bat Algorithm Variants For Instance 549 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-the-discretized-area-1etk11it.png Fig. 2. Representation of The Discretized Area https://scispace.com/papers/binary-integer-formulation-for-mixed-model-assembly-line-2h41zx6lak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-precedence-diagrams-of-a-model-1-b-model-2-of-the-qimwe1qj.png Fig. 3. Precedence diagrams of (a) model 1, (b) model 2, of the illustrative example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-earliest-and-latest-stations-to-which-the-tasks-3ndsgrll.png Table 1. The earliest and latest stations to which the tasks of the illustrative example can be assigned https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-combined-precedence-diagram-of-the-illustrative-1q8klwa3.png Fig. 4. Combined precedence diagram of the illustrative example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-comparison-between-our-model-and-the-3tgr23sk.png Table 4. Results of comparison between our model and the model of Roberts and Villa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-precedence-diagrams-of-a-model-1-b-model-2-and-c-170vqj5t.png Fig. 1. Precedence diagrams of (a) model 1, (b) model 2 and (c) combined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-precedence-matrices-of-a-model-1-b-model-2-and-c-3v2nm8xq.png Fig. 2. Precedence matrices of (a) model 1, (b) model 2, and (c) combined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimal-station-assignment-of-the-illustrative-wfrz5ky3.png Table 2. Optimal station assignment of the illustrative example https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimentation-results-ko69rnju.png Table 3. Experimentation results https://scispace.com/papers/binge-drinking-and-labor-market-success-a-longitudinal-study-9t91a1zmci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3fiiafnt.png Table 1, continued https://scispace.com/papers/bioaccessibility-bioactivity-and-cell-metabolism-of-dark-5f799gbmtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-phenolic-compounds-identified-in-the-cell-media-1bp6mvs2.png Table 8. Phenolic compounds identified in the cell media after 24 h of incubation with Caco-2 and SW480 of dark chocolate phenolic-rich fraction extracted at the end of the in vitro digestion. Data are expressed as μmol/100 g of chocolate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proposed-pathways-for-hydroxycinnamic-acids-2vhbyr0b.png Figure 5. Proposed pathways for hydroxycinnamic acids metabolism after incubation with https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mass-spectral-and-quantitative-data-of-newly-formed-1e030tke.png Table 7. Mass spectral and quantitative data of newly formed phenolic compounds identified in different dark chocolates after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. DC identify dark chocolate; GTDC identify dark chocolate enriched with Sakura green tea leaves; TDC identify dark chocolate enriched with turmeric powder. Data are expressed as μmol/100 g of chocolate. https://scispace.com/papers/biochemical-basis-of-apobec3-deoxycytidine-deaminase-mcwp6i5hk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-inhibition-of-line-1-replication-by-apobec3a-and-28bfjwx5.png Figure 3.4. Inhibition of LINE-1 replication by APOBEC3A and S188 and I188 APOBEC3C. Ten times more APOBEC3C was used in this assay than APOBEC3A. The LINE-1 plasmid constitutively expresses renilla luciferase, and only expresses firefly luciferase upon retrotransposition. Values are shown as the ration of firefly luciferase expressed over renilla luciferase expression. Averages of three replicates are shown and this experiment was repeated twice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-residues-of-importance-to-vif-mediated-15ifspo1.png Figure 6.1. Residues of importance to Vif-mediated degradation in hA3C. A3C has the basic APOBEC3 structure that is comprised of a five stranded β-sheet core surrounded by six α-helices. Numerical assignments to β-strands and α-helices (h) are superimposed on the hA3C structure (PDB: 3VOW). Zinc atom shown as a blue sphere. Amino acids unique to hA3C from cA3C and gA3C are K85, D99, and N115 (green). Amino acid 133 is an amino acid unique to gA3C from hA3C and cA3C (cyan). The S188 amino acid has previously been identified to be the location of a SNP in hA3C (magenta, I188). Amino acids where Vif interacts with A3C are shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-1-deamination-activity-and-binding-of-apobec3-2gaxacj4.png Table 10.1. Deamination activity and binding of APOBEC3 enzymes on oligonucleotide substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-13-a3-enzymes-can-compete-with-rpa-to-deaminate-2x98de43.png Figure 10.13. A3 enzymes can compete with RPA to deaminate ssDNA. The ability of A3 enzymes to deaminate cytosines on ssDNA in the presence of saturating amounts of RPA was examined on a fluorescently labeled (yellow star) 69 nt ssDNA with deamination motifs for A3A (5′TTC), A3B (5′ATC), A3H hap I* (5′CTC), or A3G (5′CCC) separated by 15 nt. To prepare the substrate, 100 nM of ssDNA was preincubated with 300 nM RPA (for a 3:1 ratio) and 50 nM of (A) A3B, (B) A3A, (C) A3H hap I*, or (D) A3G was added to initiate the reaction. Single deaminations of the 5′C & 3′C are detected as the appearance of labeled 51- and 32- nt fragments, respectively; double deamination of both C residues on the same molecule results in a 14 nt labeled fragment. The measurements of processivity factor (P.F.) and standard deviation (S.D.) from three independent experiments are shown below the gel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-apobec3-restriction-of-hiv-a-cellular-a3s-purple-2nu0pihn.png Figure 1.6. APOBEC3 restriction of HIV. (A) Cellular A3s (purple) are unable to interact with viral RNA undergoing reverse transcription due to the presence of the capsid (hatched line) and must be encapsidated in the virus producer cell to deaminate proviral DNA. The action of A3 enzymes is thwarted by HIV-1 Vif that induces their degradation through the 26S proteasome. Vif (red square) interacts with CBFβ, Elongin C and Cullin 5, which enables recruitment of E3 ligase components (shown as a circle for simplicity) and degradation of A3 enzymes (purple). (B) Nucleocapsid (NC) (green) coats the DNA during (-) DNA elongation and (+) DNA synthesis, however the A3 (purple) is able to displace the transiently bound NC in order to access the ssDNA (dotted line) created through RNaseH degradation of the template strand. Reprinted with permission from Adolph et al., 2018 [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-current-models-and-schematic-of-template-11zlgsc8.png Figure 8.1 Current models and schematic of template switching protocol. (A) Dynamic copy choice model (slow polymerase) and forced copy choice model (roadblock) adapted from Hwang et al.2001 [304] and Anderson et al. 1998 [319]. The black and blue lines represent RNA templates whereas the red arrow indicates the newly synthesized DNA template. The hashed line behind the polymerase indicates RNase H degradation of the RNA, and the efficiency of this degradation is depicted in the size of the dashes (short is fast RNaseH degradation and long is slow RNaseH degradation). In the presence of a slow polymerase or a road block, the newly synthesized template can base pair with the second template (blue) and promote RT to template switch. (B) Schematic of template switching assay. A radiolabeled primer is annealed to the donor RNA template, which creates the primer/template. An acceptor template is included in the reaction that lacks the primer-binding site but has a region of homology with the donor template. Template switching from donor to acceptor template will generate a longer acceptor product after resolution on by denaturing PAGE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-schematic-overview-of-hiv-1-genome-architecture-3igdl5e4.png Figure 1.4. Schematic overview of HIV-1 genome architecture and life cycle. (A) HIV encodes three structural genes (yellow), gag pol and env, which are processed into mature proteins (green). The HIV genome contains 15 distinct proteins: the Gag and Env structural proteins MA (matrix), CA (capsid), NC (nucleocapsid), p6, SU (surface, gp120), and TM (transmembrane, gp41); the Pol proteins: PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), and IN (integrase); two regulatory proteins Tat and Rev (orange); four accessory proteins Nef, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu (wheat) (B) Major steps involved in the HIV-1 replication cycle. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein binds to the cell surface receptor to trigger viral fusion. Uncoating of the viral capsid, coupled with reverse transcription, leads to the formation of a double-stranded DNA and a pre-integration complex (PIC). The PIC-associated viral integrase (vertical box) mediates integration into the host genome. Proviral DNA (red) transcription is mediated by the host RNA polymerase II and HIV-1 Tat, producing viral mRNA transcripts (red) for viral protein production and viral genomic RNA. Protease-mediated maturation occurs after budding. Reprinted with permission from Adolph et al., 2018 [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1-a3b-ntd-mediates-enzyme-activity-and-2xjplwfd.png Figure 10.1. A3B NTD mediates enzyme activity and oligomerization. (A) Time course of A3B, A3B 193 CTD, and A3B 187 CTD on a 118 nt fluorescently labeled ssDNA with two 5′ATC deamination motifs spaced 63 nt apart. Reactions were performed with 100 nM substrate DNA and 50 nM (fl A3B) or 2 µM (187 CTD, 193 CTD) for the indicated amount of time (5-60 min fl A3B or 30-120 min CTD mutants). (B-D) Size exclusion chromatography profiles of 10 µg (B) fl A3B, (C) 193 CTD, and (D) 187 CTD from a 10 mL Superdex 200 column was used to calculate the oligomerization state of the enzyme from a standard calibration curve. An “M” denotes a monomer fraction, a “D” denotes a dimer fraction, and a “T” indicates a tetramer fraction. (A) fl A3B formed tetramers (apparent molecular weight 184 kDa) and dimers (apparent molecular weight 92 kDa). (C-D) 193 CTD and 187 CTD resolved as monomers (apparent molecular weight 23 kDa). The chromatograms were constructed by analyzing the integrated gel band intensities of each protein in each fraction after resolution by SDS-PAGE (Figure 10.4). https://scispace.com/papers/biocompatibility-of-nitinol-stapes-prosthesis-4kirbzm7rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-29y3y6mn.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-25nd2b5n.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/biodegradation-of-benzotriazoles-and-hydroxy-benzothiazole-2zj1cryrm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-of-micropollutants-removed-per-mass-of-biomass-1ulyddzm.png Figure 2: Mass of micropollutants removed per mass of biomass and day during continuous flow experiments with Activated Sludge (AS), Biocarriers under low loading conditions (MBBR-low) and Biocarriers under high loading conditions (MBBR-high). Results are given for each bioreactor (BC1 and BC2), separately (different letters indicate statistical differences at 95% confidence level; t-bars represent 95% confidence interval). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-removal-of-target-compounds-in-activated-sludge-as-1404o67h.png Figure 1: Removal (%) of target compounds in Activated Sludge (AS) and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) system operated under low (MBBR-low) and high organic loading (MBBR-high) conditions (tbars represent 95% confidence interval). The contribution of each bioreactor (BC1 and BC2) to target compounds removal is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-low-or-high-cod-concentrations-on-3821qjqj.png Figure 3: Effect of low or high COD concentrations on observed biodegradation constants, kbio (L gSS-1 d-1) in batch experiments with activated sludge (A) and attached biomass from BC1 (B) and BC2 (C) (t-bars represent 95% confidence interval). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-of-micropollutants-removed-per-mass-of-biomass-1p72oc22.png Table 2. Mass of micropollutants removed per mass of biomass and day during continuous flow experiments with Activated Sludge (AS), Biocarriers under low loading conditions (MBBR-low) and Biocarriers under high loading conditions (MBBR-high) (values in bold indicate statistically significant differences). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operational-parameters-of-continuous-flow-systems-2ereuiaw.png Table 1. Operational parameters of continuous flow systems, during acclimatization and loading with target compounds: Activated Sludge (AS, HRT 26.4 ± 2.4 hours), Biocarriers under low loading conditions (MBBR-low, HRT 26.4 ± 3.6 hours for each reactor) and Biocarriers under high loading conditions (MBBRhigh, HRT 10.8 ± 1.2 hours for each reactor). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-and-calculated-removal-in-as-a-mbbr-low-b-88v0yep0.png Figure 4 : Measured and calculated removal in AS (A), MBBR-low (B) and MBBR-high system (C). https://scispace.com/papers/biodiversity-research-and-innovation-in-antarctica-and-the-1ys4tcav6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paper-counts-by-subject-metadata-only-dt7l7o48.png Table 2: Paper Counts by Subject (metadata only) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antarctic-paper-counts-by-type-15hh45ps.png Table 1: Antarctic Paper Counts by Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paper-counts-by-subject-metadata-only-2uo1i5qr.png Table 2: Paper Counts by Subject (metadata only) https://scispace.com/papers/bioenergy-ii-scale-up-of-the-milena-biomass-gasification-1vu20c2y1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-bio-sng-production-scheme-2r5hsbw0.png Figure 1. Overall Bio-SNG production scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simplified-scheme-of-milena-gasifier-1f8dvxhh.png Figure 3. Simplified scheme of MILENA gasifier https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compositions-of-used-wood-ckf4vjne.png Table 2. Compositions of used wood https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-design-data-milena-lab-scale-pilot-plant-2kqs60nf.png Table 1. Basic design data MILENA lab-scale & pilot plant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photos-of-pilot-scale-milena-left-and-olga-right-31nq9c4k.png Figure 5. Photos of pilot scale MILENA (left) and OLGA (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-gas-composition-process-data-2ee5kewm.png Table 3. Measured gas composition & process data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simplified-flow-diagram-of-pilot-scale-installation-365aqqhk.png Figure 6. Simplified flow diagram of pilot-scale installation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photos-of-lab-scale-milena-left-and-olga-right-rthfzuiw.png Figure 4. Photos of lab-scale MILENA (left) and OLGA (right) installation https://scispace.com/papers/bioengineering-a-single-protein-junction-1zqxeu256p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electronic-structure-calculations-isosurface-plots-1if5giv1.png Figure 5. Electronic structure calculations. Isosurface plots (isovalue = 0.02) of the lowest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-single-protein-transport-of-the-k41c-3px0gpn4.png Figure 2. Dynamic single-protein transport of the K41C junction. (a) Conductance histograms at three extreme EC gate potentials (-USample in our EC-STM configuration) covering the redox potential window for the K41C protein. The histograms were built out of hundreds of retracting curves (Conductance (G) vs. retraction distance (nm)) from the break junction experiments displaying quantum conductance plateau features. (b-d) Three representative retracting curves containing plateau features at the three applied EC gate potentials (dark grey 0.1 V, black -0.1 V, light grey -0.3 V). An offset was applied in the X-axis in all plots for better visualization. A constant 300 mV voltage bias (Vbias = Usample – Utip, where Usample and Utip are the Au substrate and STM tip electrochemical potentials, respectively) was applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-assessment-of-the-proteins-and-scheme-of-1rmm8xxz.png Figure 1. Structural assessment of the proteins and scheme of the single-protein junction setup. (a) Structural models of the studied wild-type Azurin (left structure extracted from the Protein Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-dependent-single-protein-transport-paxq7w8q.png Figure 4. Temperature-dependent single-protein transport. Semilog 2D-blinking maps for both proteins (Wt top and K41C bottom) at different temperatures (from 5 to 35ºC), constant distance (2 to 3.5 nm) and Vbias (-300 mV). The applied EC gate value was set to 0 and -100 mV for Wt and K41C mutant respectively. The counts have been normalized for each map versus the maximum value, so each 2D map has its maximum count set to 1. The far right graph summarizes the singleprotein conductance (G) vs. temperature (°C) for both studied proteins. The average conductance values were obtained from the maxima Gaussian fits in the vertical 1D histogram for each 2D map (see Fig. S9 in SI section 5). The error bars in these plots are extracted from the full FWHM of the Gaussian fits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gate-dependent-single-protein-transport-a-3qy4fyjc.png Figure 3. Gate-dependent single-protein transport. (a) Representative “blinks” (blue traces) identified in the transients of the current flowing between the two electrodes at a constant distance (2 to 3.5 nm) and Vbias (300 mV). Such blinks are observed when a protein spans the gap between the EC-STM tip and the Au substrate electrodes. When the protein disconnects from one of the electrodes, the current drops down to the initial set point level. G=Istep/Vbias is used to obtain the conductance values. (b) Semilog 2D-blinking maps for both proteins (Wt top and K41C bottom) at different EC gate potentials. Several tens (up to a hundred) of individual blinking traces like that shown in (a) are accumulated to build each 2D-map without any selection. The counts have been https://scispace.com/papers/bioethanol-production-by-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-pichia-1x5tbcj1v6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-response-surface-and-contour-plot-of-pretreated-cfm-a-2ykrt23f.png Fig. 1. Response surface and contour plot of pretreated CFM. A) Cellulose variation as a function of temperature and sodium hydroxide; B) Cellulose variation as a function of time and sodium hydroxide; C) Glucose variation as a function of time and temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eh-of-cfm-pretreated-by-hpcsh-2-5-v-v-sodium-hydroxide-4t8nw767.png Fig. 5. EH of CFM pretreated by HPCSH (2.5% (v/v)) sodium hydroxide at 180 C for 30 min). A) Conversion in glucose (%); B) Initial hydrolysis rate at 12 h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operational-conditions-of-pretreatment-37llrgs6.png Table 1 Operational conditions of pretreatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pretreated-cfm-a-pareto-charts-for-standardized-7xcrpido.png Fig. 2. Pretreated CFM. A) Pareto charts for standardized effects of temperature, time and sodium hydroxide; B) Charts of predicted values versus observed values of CFM pretreated by HPCSH related to cellulose (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cfm-pretreated-by-hpcsh-2-5-v-v-sodium-hydroxide-at-3v89eqwl.png Fig. 4. CFM pretreated by HPCSH (2.5% (v/v)) sodium hydroxide at 180 C for 30 min). A) FTIR of recovered lignin of liquor of pretreated CFM; B) TGA of recovered lignin of liquor of pretreated CFM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-kinetic-parameters-of-ethanol-fermentation-of-s-1v8hg8ls.png Table 5 Kinetic parameters of ethanol fermentation of S. cerevisiae, P. stipitis and Z. mobilis in SSF and SSSF using CFM pretreated by PHCHS (2.5% (v/v)) sodium hydroxide at 180 C for 30 min). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cfm-a-sem-of-cfm-untreated-b-sem-of-cfm-pretreated-by-3r39rteq.png Fig. 3. CFM. A) SEM of CFM untreated; B) SEM of CFM pretreated by HPCSH (2.5% (v/v)) sodium hydroxide at 180 C for 30 min). High porosity area, matrix separation and exposition fibres (white square); C) DRX of CFM untreated and pretreated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-composition-of-the-liquid-phase-of-pretreated-cfm-2k9th8yp.png Table 3 Composition of the liquid phase of pretreated CFM. https://scispace.com/papers/biological-therapy-of-strontium-substituted-bioglass-for-384jclwgmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-bioglass-bg-and-strontium-doped-bioglass-yoyr5h18.png Figure 1. Effects of bioglass (BG) and strontium-doped bioglass(BG-Sr) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) (a), catalase (CAT) (b) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (c) activities in muscular tissue ofovariectomised female Wistar rats for 4, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Val-ues are given as mean ± SE. *: significantly less enzymatic activity inthe indicated group than control group (T). +: less enzymatic activ-ity compared to ovariectomised group (OVX). §: higher enzymaticactivity than ovariectomised group with empty defects (OVX-NI).Les effets du bioverre (BG) et du bioverre dopé au strontium (BG-Sr)sur les activités de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD) (a), la catalase (CAT) (b) et la glutathion peroxydase (GPx) (c) au niveau dutissu musculaire des rattes ovariectomisées de souche Wistar ont été évalués durant quatre, sept, 15, 30 et 60 jours. Les valeurs sont exprimées en moyenne ± SE. * : la valeur de l’activité enzymatique est significativement inférieure dans le groupe indiqué par rapport au témoin (T). + : la valeur de l’activité enzymatique est moins significative par rapport au groupe ovariectomisé (OVX).§ : la valeur de l’activité enzymatique est plus élevée que celle du groupe ovariectomisé avec de perte de substance osseuse sans comblement (OVX-NI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histological-sections-of-cutaneous-tissue-implanted-95lletic.png Figure 6. Histological sections of cutaneous tissue implanted with bioglass (BG) and strontium-doped bioglass (BG-Sr). Leukocyte infiltra-tion in BG treated group (a) and BG-Sr (b). Collagen fibers in treated group with BG (c) and with BG-Sr (d). Complete reepithelialization(Ep: epiderm, De: derme, Hy: hypoderm) (e). Many mature hair follicle cells (f) neovascularisation (g), sebaceous gland cells (h) in BG-Srtreated group. Hematoxylin— eosin stain.Des coupes histologiques du tissu cutané implanté avec le bioverre (BG) et le bioverre dopé au strontium (BG-Sr). L’infiltration de leucocytesdans le groupe traité avec le BG (a) et le BG-Sr (b). Observation des fibres de collagène dans le groupe traité par le BG (c) et avec le BG-Sr(d). La ré-épithélialisation est complète (Ep : épiderme, De : derme, Hy : hypoderm) (e). Observation des cellules matures du follicule pileux(f) des néovascularisation (g), des cellules des glandes sébacées (h) chez le groupe traité avec le BG-Sr. Coloration hématoxyline—éosine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-bioglass-bg-and-strontium-doped-bioglass-3m66f3rp.png Figure 4. Effects of bioglass (BG) and strontium-doped bioglass (BG-Sr) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) (a), catalase (CAT) (b) andglutathione peroxidase (GPx) (c) activities in cutaneous tissue ofovariectomised female Wistar rats for 4, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days.Values are given as mean ± SE. *: significantly less enzymatic activ-ity in the indicated group than control group (T). +: compared toovariectomised group (OVX). §: higher than ovariectomised groupwith empty defects (OVX-NI). #: higher than group implanted with bioglass (OVXBG). Les effets du bioverre (BG) et du bioverre dopé au strontium (BG-Sr)sur les activités de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD) (a), la catalase(CAT) (b) et la glutathion peroxydase (GPx) (c) au niveau du tissucutané des rattes ovariectomisées de souche Wistar ont été évaluésdurant quatre, sept, 15, 30 et 60 jours. Les valeurs sont expriméesen moyenne ± SE. * : la valeur de https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histological-secions-of-muscular-tissue-implanted-24lh975z.png Figure 3. Histological secions of muscular tissue implanted withbioglass (BG) and strontiumdoped bioglass (BG-Sr). Normal mus-cular tissue (a). Necrotic myofibrils in muscular tissue implantedwith BG (b) and with BG-Sr (c), leukocyte infiltration in BG treatedgroup (d) and with BG-Sr (e). A thin pericellular endomysiumi BG (f) with groups of myofibers surrounded by a thicker perimysiumthan those of BG-Sr treated groups (g). Three morphologically distinguishable zones: an outer zone of original surviving myofibers,a middle myogenic zone composed of proliferated myoblasts andsmall myotubes, and an inner zone of degenerated myofibers (h).Nerves (head arrow) and blood vessels (arrow) restoration between fibre muscle in BG treated rat muscles (i) and in BG-Sr treated ratmuscles (j). The entire muscle was filled with polygonal myofibersin BG treated rat muscles (k) and in BG-Sr treated rat muscles (l). Hematoxylin—eosin stain. Des coupes histologiques de tissu musculaire implantées par dubioverre pur (BG) et du bioverre dopé au strontium (BG-Sr), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-bioglass-bg-and-strontium-doped-bioglass-12ue2zob.png Figure 5. Effects of bioglass (BG) and strontium-doped bioglass(BG-Sr) on malondialdehyde (MDA) level. *: significantly higher levelin the indicated group compared to the control group (T). +: com-pared to ovariectomised group (OVX). §: lesser than ovariectomisedgroup with empty defects (OVX-NI).Les effets du bioverre (BG) et du bioverre dopé au strontium (BG-Sr)sur le taux de malondialdéhyde (MDA). * : le taux est significa-tivement plus élevé dans le groupe indiqué par rapport au groupetémoin (T). § : le taux de l’activité enzymatique est inférieur àcelui de groupe ovariectomisé avec de perte de substance osseusesans comblement (OVX-NI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-bioglass-bg-and-strontium-doped-bioglass-1guizlnt.png Figure 2. Effects of bioglass (BG) and strontium-doped bioglass (BG-Sr) on malondialdehyde (MDA) level. *: significantly higher levelin the indicated group compared to the control group (T). §: lesserenzymatic activity than ovariectomised group with empty defects(OVXNI). Les effets du bioverre (BG) et du bioverre dopé au strontiumbioverre (BG-Sr) sur le taux de malondialdéhyde (MDA). * : le niveau est significativement plus élevé dans le groupe indiqué par rap-port au groupe témoin (T). § : le niveau de l’activité enzymatiqueest inférieur à celui de groupe ovariectomisé avec de perte desubstance osseuse sans comblement (OVXNI). https://scispace.com/papers/biomarker-discovery-based-on-large-scale-feature-selection-50p9yt4m11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-accuracy-of-svm-and-number-of-genes-selected-in-our-1pi4jl7n.png Table II: Accuracy of SVM and number of genes selected in our method with largescale datasets and comparison with other approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-list-of-biomarkers-discovered-2mz03do3.png Table III: List of biomarkers discovered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-architecture-of-the-proposed-method-stage-ii-2y6td6d4.png Fig. 2. System architecture of the proposed method stage-II- https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-accuracy-of-svm-and-number-of-genes-selected-in-our-3rf6izac.png Table I: Accuracy of SVM and number of genes selected in our method with normal datasets and comparison with other approaches https://scispace.com/papers/biomass-statistics-for-vermont-1983-465cnt472b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-40-number-of-trees-and-net-aboveground-tree-biomass-of-1k0b5mw6.png Table 40.—Number of trees and net aboveground tree biomass of all live trees on timberland, by species and diameter group, Orleans County, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-70-number-of-trees-and-net-aboveground-tree-blomasd-of-1yqeyosm.png Table 70.—Number of trees and net aboveground tree blomaSd of cull and Waivable dead trees on tlmberland, by species group and diameter group, Washington County, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-71-number-of-trees-and-net-aboveground-tree-biomass-of-y9f2u1og.png Table 71.—Number of trees and net aboveground tree biomass of cull and salvable dead trees on tlmberland, by species group and diameter group, Windham County, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-net-aboveground-tree-biomass-of-all-trees-on-9ud3gyrx.png Table 7.—Net aboveground tree biomass of all trees on timberland, by class of material and species group, Chittenden County, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-net-aboveground-tree-blomass-of-all-live-trees-on-1vvd4fng.png Table 19.—Net aboveground tree blomass of all live trees on timberland, by forest-type group and stand-size class, Bennington County, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-net-aboveground-tree-biomass-of-all-trees-on-1wpa90pj.png Table 8.—Net aboveground tree biomass of all trees on timberland, by class of material and species group, Essex County, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-31-continued-1qxz0gg0.png Table 31.—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-net-aboveground-tree-biomass-of-all-trees-on-19kcut4a.png Table 3.—Net aboveground tree biomass of all trees on timberland, by class of material and species group, Vermont, 1983 https://scispace.com/papers/biomarker-discovery-in-heart-failure-3hxvlhggg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-quality-of-cutpoints-and-regression-parameters-1zrgexgl.png Table 4.5: Quality of cutpoints and regression parameters using a bivariate linear regression model, when X1 ∈ [0, 50], X2 ∈ [0, 50], β0 = 1, β1 = −2, β2 = 2, (δ1, δ2) = (25, 25), (30, 30), (35, 35), (40, 40), (45, 45), σ2 = 1 and n = 500. In each box the first row presents the M̂SE of the estimate and in the second row the corresponding bias is reported within parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-quality-of-cutpoints-and-regression-parameters-33n5fsp6.png Table 4.6: Quality of cutpoints and regression parameters using a bivariate linear regression model, when X1 ∈ [0, 50], X2 ∈ [0, 50], β0 = 1, β1 = −2, β2 = 2, δ1 = 25, σ2 = 0.01, 0.25, 1, 4, 9 and n = 500. In each box the first row presents the M̂SE of the estimate and in the second row the corresponding bias is reported within parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-effect-of-different-levels-of-hf-medications-and-pcbuomfp.png Figure 6.3: Effect of different levels of HF medications and biomarkers on risk of HF hospitalization or death. ∗P: Probability of HF hospitalization or death in a month. Range of biomarkers (in logarithmic form) and medications are standardized between -1 and 1, for the range of the biomarker and medications concentration in our population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-10-average-and-sd-within-parentheses-of-gras-and-ras-v46tcn1o.png Table 5.10: Average and SD (within parentheses) of GRAs and RAs of 1000 replications when β0 = 0, β1 = 0.5, β2 = −5, correlation equal to 0.3 and the proportion of positive instances is between 8% to 12%. In these experiments we have unbalanced data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-9-average-and-sd-within-parentheses-of-gras-and-ras-3pf07nic.png Table 5.9: Average and SD (within parentheses) of GRAs and RAs of 1000 replications when β0 = 0, β1 = 5, β2 = −5, correlation equal to 0.3 and the proportion of positive instances is between 46% to 54%. In these experiments we have relatively few clusters, which however are relatively large. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-method-layout-for-assessing-the-interactions-36boii76.png Figure 6.1: Method layout for assessing the interactions between biomarkers and medications. Mt: month t; M0: baseline. LOCF: last observation carried forward method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-frequencies-of-different-permutations-of-zmrtl3ss.png Table 5.4: Frequencies of different permutations of covariates X1, X2, X3 selected by GRA-CV versus QICu using forward selection method for 1000 replications. The true order is {X3, X2, X1}. ∗ijk: the set of covariates in the order {Xi, Xj , Xk}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-gra-and-kappa-like-averaged-values-of-1000-b9n1xg5z.png Table 5.1: GRA and Kappa-like averaged values of 1000 replications when the proportion of positive instances is between 8% and 12%. https://scispace.com/papers/biomass-production-and-carbon-sequestration-by-cultivation-2xrkopzv9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-irrigation-water-supply-at-two-irrigation-levels-25-z2fvchs6.png Table 7: Irrigation Water Supply at Two Irrigation Levels (25 % and 50 % ETo) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-dry-matter-productivity-t-dm-ha-a-based-on-2500-2js0gbw8.png Table 8: Dry Matter Productivity (t DM/ha/a, Based on 2500 Trees/ha) and Water Applied (m³/ha/a) at 25% and 50% ETo https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-carbon-fixation-kg-per-tree-at-harvest-and-36ih3hk2.png Table 10: Carbon Fixation (kg) per Tree at Harvest and Distribution of Carbon Fixed in above Soil Plant Parts and Roots https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-water-use-efficiency-litres-of-applied-water-per-kg-xxyuv0yr.png Table 9: Water Use Efficiency, Litres of Applied Water per kg DM Produced https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaporation-mm-day-measured-as-class-a-pan-gkffzdfr.png Table 1: Evaporation (mm/day) Measured as Class-A-Pan Evaporation According to the Penman-Monteith-Method as well as Maximum and Minimum Soil Temperatures (°C) in 10 cm Depth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conductivity-ph-and-organic-matter-samples-taken-at-2qu6mc0i.png Table 2: Conductivity, pH and Organic Matter (Samples Taken at Random over all Cultivated Trial Plots) in Three Soil Depths https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-adjusted-macronutrient-content-in-irrigation-2bt8lmzd.png Table 4: Average Adjusted Macronutrient Content in Irrigation Water at 3.5 dSm-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-and-chemical-characteristics-of-irrigation-e7nzcmhm.png Table 3: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Irrigation Water* https://scispace.com/papers/biomedic-organizations-an-intelligent-dynamic-architecture-exgmov0l8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-filtering-agent-case-343345ue.png Table 1 Filtering agent case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-service-3vz5erl5.png Table 2 Service. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-performance-based-on-the-filtering-metric-1ybm0xns.png Fig. 4. Evolution of performance based on the filtering metric for the different case studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plan-directed-graph-2fuabdyl.png Fig. 3. Plan directed graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ibo-architecture-lxt134oo.png Fig. 1. IBO architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-plans-of-the-filtering-phase-and-plan-of-greater-dxq3oiv3.png Table 4 Plans of the filtering phase and plan of greater efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-of-the-plans-31bavz4m.png Table 3 Efficiency of the plans. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-composition-of-graphs-31onmphs.png Fig. 2. Composition of graphs. https://scispace.com/papers/biomimetic-asymmetric-oxidative-coupling-of-phenols-2alymf3ith 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymmetric-oxidation-of-3-with-chiral-cu-ii-amine-2e7h5n19.png TABLE 1 ASYMMETRIC OXIDATION OF 3 WITH CHIRAL CU(II)–AMINE COMPLEXES https://scispace.com/papers/bioorthogonal-non-canonical-amino-acid-tagging-reveals-2lit0xjvxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boncat-labeling-of-p-aeruginosa-differentiates-38ikzcxs.png Fig. 1 BONCAT labeling of P. aeruginosa differentiates translationally active and inactive cells. P. aeruginosa was incubated in the presence of a AHA, b methionine (MET), and c antibiotics prior to AHA (ABX). Actively growing cells were identified via strain-promoted click chemistry (Cy5, magenta; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boncat-can-identify-active-cells-among-diverse-cf-1crperp1.png Fig. 2 BONCAT can identify active cells among diverse CF microbiota. Two cultures (one treated with antibiotics, one without) of each species were grown in the presence of AHA and mixed 1:1 prior to Cy5–DBCO (magenta) labeling and SYTO64 counterstaining (blue). These data demonstrate that BONCAT can differentiate between active and inactive bacterial cells among diverse CF microbiota. Scale bars; Ax, Bc, Fn, Ec, Pm, Rm= 20 µm; Sa, Sm, Sp= 10 µm; Vp= 5 µm. Images are representative of ten images from each of three biologically independent experiments for each organism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacterial-strains-used-in-this-study-i8ri002y.png Table 1 Bacterial strains used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-workflow-for-boncat-analysis-of-cf-sputum-2lpsh2ps.png Fig. 4 Experimental workflow for BONCAT. Analysis of CF sputum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cf-microbiota-exhibit-heterogeneous-translational-22jriwja.png Fig. 3 CF microbiota exhibit heterogeneous translational activity within sputum. a Sputum was incubated in the presence of 6 mM AHA immediately upon expectoration. BONCAT labeling with Cy5–DBCO (magenta) and counterstaining with SYTO64 (blue) reveals heterogeneous AHA incorporation (i.e., translational activity). b Higher magnification images further emphasize the range of bacterial activity at the single-cell level. c Average Cy5 pixel intensity per cell suggests slow and heterogeneous translational activity among bacterial cells in situ. Scale bars; a= 100 µm, b= 5 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://scispace.com/papers/biophysical-mechanisms-of-electroconvulsive-therapy-induced-58pgjopoau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-morphometry-analyses-following-ect-and-2p60doc3.png Fig. 3. Results of morphometry analyses following ECT and estimated electric field strength. (AeC) SBM and DBM identified almost identical brain regions, whereas VBM showed a more widespread volumetric change pattern following ECT. Each color bar represents the p-value associated with the respective whole-brain analysis. (D) Fig. 3D shows the mean image of the estimated electric field strength in all participants. The color bar represents electric field strength (V/m). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ect-parameters-associated-with-percentage-volume-3hun1keq.png Table 2 ECT parameters associated with percentage volume expansion in the right MTL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-different-patterns-of-the-volume-change-following-ect-2c1fun1i.png Fig. 4. Different patterns of the volume change following ECT and estimated electric field strength. (A) Fig. 4A shows the mean image of the DBM results. The largest volume expansion was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. The color bar represents percentage volume expansion. (B) Fig. 4B shows the mean image of the estimated electric field. The color bar represents electric field strength (V/m). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-the-participants-2rmwa6r5.png Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the participants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tissue-specific-volume-change-following-ect-vbm-showed-3nkjon1e.png Fig. 1. Tissue-specific volume change following ECT. VBM showed bilateral GMV increase an decrease was observed adjacent to the regions of GMV increase. Each color bar at the bottom of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-global-volumetric-change-following-ect-a-dbm-using-2gz519av.png Fig. 2. Global volumetric change following ECT. (A) DBM using images smoothed with an 8 mm kernel showed bilateral volume expansion in GM and WM with contraction in the CSF compartments. (B) DBM using images smoothed with a 2 mm kernel revealed that volume expansion was mainly located in the GM. Each color bar at the bottom of the figure represents the T-values derived from the DBM results. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/biotherapies-are-they-just-like-any-other-drugs-qfh6o8jx6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-therapeutic-antibodies-compared-to-conventional-2k1r3m95.png Table I. Therapeutic antibodies compared to conventional medicinal products. https://scispace.com/papers/biostratigraphic-evolutionary-and-paleoenvironmental-1h1vjxv0bs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-measured-section-of-zamaca-located-on-the-western-2hfahd7f.png Fig. 3. The measured section of Zamaca, located on the western side of the Ica River. A) Stratigraphic log with sample positions (For1 to For9, ZA2 to ZA7), and indication of grain size and skeletal assemblages; empty spaces in the log represent portions (not to scale) covered by recent eolian deposits; yellow stars indicate the position of the close-ups illustrated in panels C and D. B) Field photograph of the lower part of the measured section. C) Close-up of the nonconformity between the basin basement and the overlying basal breccia of the Los Choros Member. D) Close-up of a foraminifera-rich interval from the lower part of the section. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-skeletal-assemblage-from-the-lower-part-of-the-zamaca-11acuqml.png Fig. 4. Skeletal assemblage from the lower part of the Zamaca section. A) Fragments of bivalve shells (Bv) and a lepidocyclinid (Lp) displaying preferential orientation, common rock fragments (Rc); sample For4. B) Large lepidocyclinids (Lp) mixed with siliciclastic grains; sample For7. C) Large lepidocyclinid specimens (Lp) presenting similar orientations, bivalve shells (Bv) and a large spine of a regular echinoid (Ec); sample For5. D) A large ostreid fragment (Os) and a very large spine of an irregular echinoid (Ec); sample For6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-between-the-lepidocyclinids-of-zamaca-1l3y9h6o.png Fig. 12. Comparison between the lepidocyclinids of Zamaca, Cyprus and the Maldives highlighting the different size of the PACs relative to the embryo. Coloured areas denote the different types of embryonic and auxiliary chambers: red= protoconch; blue=deuteroconch; yellow=PACs; green=ACII. A) Lepidocyclina rdouvillei; note the similar protoconch and deuteroconch size, the straight and short wall separating the two, the large PACs, the lack of ACIIs, the irregular chamberlets surrounding the embryo and the more chaotic organization of the equatorial plane; Eocene, Zamaca, specimen FOR3C-6. B) Specimen (CP749G-3) of the analyzed Nephrolepidina ex. interc. praemarginata-morgani population of the Oligocene of Cyprus with characteristics close to Nephrolepidina praemarginata; note the more flattened deuteroconch, the long wall separating the protoconch and deuteroconch, the small PACs, the presence of an ACII and the chamberlets of the equatorial plane organized in a pattern of intersecting curves. C) Specimen (109_6_03) of the analyzed population of Nephrolepidina ex. interc. isolepidinoidessumatrensis of the Oligocene of the Maldives, with characteristics close to Nephrolepidina isolepidinoides; note the deuteroconch slightly embracing the protoconch, the small PACs, the presence of an ACII (red arrowhead= connection between the ACII and the deuteroconch), the chamberlets of the equatorial plane well organized in a pattern of intersecting curves. The image in panel C is different from A and B as it is a virtual section of a 3D model made with CT-scan data. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-area-and-stratigraphic-overview-la176m3c.png Fig. 1. Location of the study area and stratigraphic overview of the East Pisco Basin. A) Location of the East Pisco Basin and of the study area along the Peruvian coast, modified from Di Celma et al. (2018a). B) Schematic stratigraphic log of the East Pisco Basin sedimentary succession, redrawn and modified from DeVries et al. (2006) following DeVries and Jud (2018). C) Close-up of the area of Zamaca (Google Earth satellite image, © 2018 DigitalGlobe); the stars show the location of the Ullujalla section studied by Morales et al. (2010) and the Zamaca section studied in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-barnacles-from-the-lower-part-of-the-zamaca-section-a-25ldkck2.png Fig. 6. Barnacles from the lower part of the Zamaca section. A) View of the external surface of a plate; note the predation hole; sample For6. B) View of the internal surface of a plate; note the lack of parietal tubes; sample For6. C) Thin section of a wall plate, note the lack of parietal tubes and the simple intralaminate figures; arrows= intralaminate figures; note the lack of parietal tubes and the simple intralaminate figures; sample For7. D) Detail of the intralaminate figure (black arrow) of a barnacle plate; sample For4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-coralline-algae-of-sample-for7-from-the-lower-part-of-8o4l9fff.png Fig. 7. Coralline algae of sample For7 from the lower part of the Zamaca section. A) Overview of a thallus growing over an oyster fragment; Pr= perithallus, i.e., the upper portion of a thallus with monomerous construction; Hy=hypothallus, i.e., the lower portion of the thallus, dedicated to the colonization of new substrates. B) Close-up of the same algae as in A, note the plumose structure of the hypothallus; Pr= perithallus; Hy=hypothallus. C) Detail of the perithallus showing fusions of cells of adjacent filaments (arrows). D) Detail of a possible reproductive structure, a conceptacle (?C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-biometric-parameters-used-in-the-present-work-a-31ihwbac.png Fig. 2. Biometric parameters used in the present work. A) Schematic view of the embryonic apparatus of a Nephrolepidina viewed on the equatorial plane with indication of the measured parameters; modified from van Vessem (1978); PAC=principal auxiliary chamber; ACII= auxiliary chamberlet of the deuteroconch; ACI= auxiliary chamberlet of the protoconch. B) Schematic view of the embryonic apparatus of a Lepidocyclina with indication of the measured parameters; c= closing chamber. C) Schematic view of the different equatorial chamberlet arrangement patterns in lepidocyclinids; modified from van Vessem (1978), and Chaproniere (1980). D) Explanation of the biometric parameters used in the present analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-skeletal-assemblage-of-the-lower-part-of-the-zamaca-d5qyjztt.png Fig. 8. Skeletal assemblage of the lower part of the Zamaca section. A) Poorly sorted impure bioclastic sandstone; white arrows= lepidocyclinids; Os= ostracods; sample For3. B) Small benthic foraminifera; black arrow=Heterolepa; white arrow= Loxostomina; sample For3. C) Loxostomina; sample For3. D) Black arrows= irregular echinoid spine; Lp= lepidocyclinid; sample For3. https://scispace.com/papers/biotransformation-of-fluorophenyl-pyridine-carboxylic-acids-l15spkoxga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gc-ms-analysis-of-silylated-substrates-and-2r2ngqvc.png Table 2. GC-MS analysis of silylated substrates and metabolites from the biotransformation of compounds 1-5 by C. elegans. Each –OH group in compounds (1- 11) is replaced by a –OSiMe3 group after silylation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-19f-nmr-analysis-of-the-biotransformation-products-8-1y8892be.png Table 1. 19F NMR analysis of the biotransformation products 8-11 from compounds 2-5 in C. elegans. The observed 19F NMR shifts are in excellent agreement with predicted GIAO-NMR shifts (see supporting information). https://scispace.com/papers/birds-build-camouflaged-nests-1zqbj9czpi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bars-represent-the-first-10-choices-of-colored-nest-3cre3a40.png FIGURE 1. Bars represent the first 10 choices of colored nest material by each male Zebra Finch. The colors are those used in the experiment. The colors of nest material that matched the background color of the cage are represented by a black outline, and those representing the alternative color are surrounded by a pale gray outline. The horizontal line represents 50% or indifference. Where 100% of choices were of one color, the other available color is indicated by a colored dot above the relevant bar. https://scispace.com/papers/bis-k2s-s-di-isopropyl-dithiocarbamato-nickel-ii-anagostic-c-1no6m25zen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ortep-of-2-with-atom-labeling-scheme-and-50-thermal-3t9mp42f.png Fig. 1. ORTEP of 2 with atom labeling scheme and 50% thermal ellipsoids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-previous-and-current-unit-cell-parameters-1xsi8rco.png Table 3. Summary of previous and current unit cell parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tga-and-dsc-data-for-2-the-25-100-degc-region-has-been-kevrrso1.png Fig. 8. TGA and DSC data for 2. The 25-100 °C region has been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-13c-nmr-spectra-for-1-blue-solvent-cd3od-and-2-red-2b7jpnob.png Fig. 7. 13C NMR spectra for 1 (blue, solvent = CD3OD) and 2 (red, solvent = CDCl3), at 25 °C. ~ denotes solvent signal, * denotes residual diisopropylamine. The 90-190 ppm region has been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-packing-diagram-showing-a-unit-cell-from-previously-1sn52riv.png Fig. 2. Packing diagram showing a unit cell from previously determined structure[13] (blue) and unit cell (red) from the current structure viewed along the b axis (hydrogens and molecule A removed for clarity). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1h-nmr-spectra-for-1-blue-solvent-cd3od-and-2-red-2mpnmw8g.png Fig. 6. 1H NMR spectra for 1 (blue, solvent = CD3OD) and 2 (red, solvent = CDCl3), at 25 °C. ~ denotes solvent signal, * denotes residual diisopropylamine, † denotes residual H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ftir-spectra-of-1-red-and-2-blue-z1correc.png Fig. 4. FTIR spectra of 1 (red) and 2 (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-packing-diagram-depicting-the-ni-h-and-s-h-1s1sg1tc.png Fig. 3. Packing diagram depicting the Ni-H and S-H interactions along the a axis between molecule A (red) and molecule B (blue). https://scispace.com/papers/bit-interleaved-coded-modulation-261whjb82t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-8-rate-regions-for-mlc-msd-and-bicm-3fa7uim2.png Fig. 3.8 Rate regions for MLC/MSD and BICM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-factor-graph-representation-of-a-bicm-scheme-of-rate-2h7iaru9.png Fig. 5.2 Factor graph representation of a BICM scheme of rate R = 1. In this case, C is a binary convolutional code of rate r = 1 3 and m = 3, i. e., 8-PSK or 8-QAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-8-bit-error-probability-union-bounds-and-bit-error-3shcn7p7.png Fig. 4.8 Bit error probability union bounds and bit-error rate simulations of 8-PSK with the 8-state rate-2/3 convolutional code in a fully-interleaved Rayleigh fading channel. Interleaver length N = 30 (circles) and N = 1000 (diamonds). In solid lines, the saddlepoint approximation union bounds for N = 30, N = 100, N = 1000 and for infinite interleaving, with PEP1(d). In dashed, dashed-dotted, and dotted lines, the heuristic approximations with weight v = 1, 2, 3 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-11-area-theorem-for-the-convolutional-code-5-7-8-left-3iaw51jz.png Fig. 5.11 Area theorem for the convolutional code (5, 7)8 (left) and for a set partitioning demapper in an AWGN channel with snr = 6 dB (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-16-regular-3-6-ldpc-bicm-id-factor-graph-with-m-3-1a2ga49p.png Fig. 5.16 Regular (3, 6) LDPC BICM-ID factor graph with m = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-4-error-exponents-for-coded-modulation-solid-bicm-with-2w9mluug.png Fig. 3.4 Error exponents for coded modulation (solid), BICM with independent parallel channels (dashed), BICM using metric (2.15) (dash-dotted), and BICM using metric (2.17) (dotted) for 16-QAM with Gray labeling, Rayleigh fading and snr = −25 dB. Crosses correspond to (from right to left) coded modulation, BICM with metric (2.15), BICM with metric (2.17) and BICM with metric (2.17) and s = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-12-bicm-channel-capacity-in-bits-per-channel-use-2ztecmbm.png Fig. 3.12 BICM channel capacity (in bits per channel use). Labels 1 and 2 are QPSK, 3 and 4 are 8-PSK and 5 and 6 are 16-QAM. Gray and set partitioning labeling rules correspond to dashed (and odd labels) and dashed-dotted lines (and even labels) respectively. Dotted lines are cases 1 and 6 with Nakagami-0.3 and Nakagami-1 (Rayleigh) fading (an ‘f’ is appended to the label index). Solid lines are linear approximation around Eb N0 lim . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7-extrinsic-channel-models-in-bicm-id-rv7jdgvu.png Fig. 5.7 Extrinsic channel models in BICM-ID. https://scispace.com/papers/blind-cooperation-the-evolution-of-redundancy-via-ignorance-2vclq7xczi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sharp-condition-the-resulting-group-benefit-1gxgjsks.png Figure 1: (A) Sharp condition. The resulting group benefit function is sharp in the sense that it drastically changes its value when the number of cooperators increases from zero to the threshold value τ = 4. (B) Smooth condition. Group benefit increases smoothly as the number of cooperators reaches the threshold τ = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/blind-source-separation-in-convolutive-mixtures-a-hybrid-1igdxolbnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-separation-system-including-a-whitening-filter-2o23ktla.png Fig. 3. Separation system including a whitening filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-white-processes-p1-upper-plot-and-p2-lower-plot-21cngnr8.png Fig. 4. White processes P1 (upper plot) and P2 (lower plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sensor-signals-y1-upper-plot-and-y2-lower-plot-2ww3fibg.png Fig. 5. Sensor signals Y1 (upper plot) and Y2 (lower plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-signals-to-be-compared-a11-x1-upper-plot-and-s-lower-ahwd08kl.png Fig. 6. Signals to be compared: A11 ∗X1 (upper plot) and S (lower plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-a12-x2-upper-plot-and-y1-s-lower-3pkwlic6.png Fig. 7. Comparison between A12 ∗X2 (upper plot) and Y1 − S (lower plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-preliminary-separation-system-3u0x8vz8.png Fig. 2. Preliminary separation system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-generation-and-mixing-matrix-370pxeku.png Fig. 1. Source generation and mixing matrix. https://scispace.com/papers/blob-a-probabilistic-model-for-recommendation-that-combines-eykpt6th1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulated-a-b-test-results-on-the-recogym-simulator-f7g500gr.png Table 4: Simulated A/B test results on the RecoGym simulator using: P=1000, U=1000, organic only sessions=20 000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulated-a-b-test-results-on-the-recogym-simulator-16mz9arr.png Table 3: Simulated A/B test results on the RecoGym simulator using: P=100, U=1000, organic only sessions=20 000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-graphical-model-of-the-organic-behavior-2hotqucf.png Figure 1: A graphical model of the organic behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-graphical-model-of-the-bandit-behavior-12zgggy5.png Figure 2: A graphical model of the bandit behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-on-the-testset-of-recogymdataset-with-2000-3iiqvymn.png Table 2: Results on the testset of RecoGymdataset with 2000 products. For both metrics, a higher value is better. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-and-de-nitions-1e798rt9.png Table 1: Notations and De nitions https://scispace.com/papers/block-copolymer-membranes-for-aqueous-solution-applications-5gctcsvcrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dense-membranes-a-charge-mosaic-and-b-biomimetic-18of22vj.png Figure 2. Dense membranes: (a) charge mosaic and (b) biomimetic membrane with embedded aquaporin surrounded by block copolymer layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-combination-of-self-assembly-and-non-solvent-394njei1.png Figure 6. Combination of self-assembly and non-solvent induced phase separation mechanisms in the formation of isoporous flat-sheet membranes (casting solution in the semi-diluted concentration regime) and porous particles (less concentrated starting solution). Examples adapted from previous reports 63, 78, 99, 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diblock-copolymers-in-melt-a-equilibrium-morphology-1kzvam4m.png Figure 3. Diblock copolymers in melt: (a) equilibrium morphology; (b) metastable morphology; (c) morphology under confinement, based on previous work 37, 40, 49-51. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-block-copolymer-morphologies-in-solution-based-on-11izwv67.png Figure 5. Block copolymer morphologies in solution, based on 79, 88. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-micelles-partial-fusion-forming-morphologies-2q6t6s9f.png Figure 4. Micelles partial fusion, forming morphologies structurally related to minimal surface, as described by Scriven 57 and examples of periodic structures observed for block copolymer porous membranes and particles 61-63. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-copolymer-self-assembly-casting-and-immersion-j2m4xpqw.png Figure 1. Block copolymer self-assembly, casting and immersion in non-solvent bath (SNIPS process). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-porous-block-copolymer-membranes-prepared-by-lzt7sdi2.png Figure 7. (a) Porous block copolymer membranes prepared by annealing and block sacrifice; (b) morphology induction by complexing additives, based on 133, 136, 137. https://scispace.com/papers/blood-otorrhea-blood-stained-sweaty-ear-discharges-2iqdxcdy63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-blood-stained-ear-discharge-2gyer3f1.png FIG 1: BLOOD STAINED EAR DISCHARGE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normal-tympanic-membrane-m9i4z23o.png FIG 3: NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bloody-stained-cotton-wools-from-ear-canal-3uo6hsmp.png FIG 2: BLOODY STAINED COTTON WOOLS FROM EAR CANAL. https://scispace.com/papers/blue-surface-emitting-distributed-feedback-lasers-based-on-3yqf76pl3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-laser-and-ase-performance-of-30wt-tpd-doped-129newtr.png Table 2. Laser and ASE Performance of 30wt:% TPD-Doped Polystyrene Films of Various Thicknesses Deposited over Glass with and without a Second-Order Distributed Feedback Grating https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-emission-spectrum-of-a-second-order-dfb-laser-based-on-1vw71ro6.png Fig. 6. Emission spectrum of a second-order DFB laser based on a TPD-doped PS film working at λDFB ¼ 427nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-ase-performance-of-various-2xqzesvd.png Table 1. Comparison of the ASE Performance of Various Semiconducting Organic Materials Emitting in the Blue Region of the Optical Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structure-of-n-n0-bis-3-methylphenyl-n-4nqbenca.png Fig. 1. Chemical structure of N,N0-bis (3-methylphenyl)-N,N0diphenylbenzidine (TPD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-holographic-recording-of-3kzbwqsr.png Fig. 2. Experimental setup for holographic recording of gratings over DCG: 1, argon laser; 2, shutter; 3, microscope objective; 4, pinhole; 5, collimator; 6, mirror; 7, DCG film over glass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photographs-of-the-relief-gratings-recorded-in-a-a-dcg-3lrtg4g3.png Fig. 3. Photographs of the relief gratings recorded in (a) a DCG film and (b) in glass after the transfer by RIBE, obtained by SEM and AFM, FMrespectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-emission-spectra-of-a-tpd-doped-ps-film-deposited-on-38cbqmea.png Fig. 4. Emission spectra of a TPD-doped PS film deposited on glass (a) with and (b) without DFB grating, at low (1 μJ=pulse, dashed curve) and high (20 μJ=pulse, solid curve) pump intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-output-intensity-at-ldfb-1-4-418nm-and-at-lase-1-4-wvj4dmt8.png Fig. 5. Output intensity at λDFB ¼ 418nm and at λASE ¼ 417nm as a function of pump intensity for a TPD-doped PS film deposited over a glass substrate with (solid squares) and without (open squares) a second-order DFB grating, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/bnt162b2-mrna-covid-19-vaccine-does-not-impair-sperm-54wb53h9pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-and-spermogram-results-1sdcsps2.png Table 1. Patient characteristics and spermogram results before and after BNT162b2 vaccination. https://scispace.com/papers/bmoa-binary-magnetic-optimization-algorithm-uy3t9ylj0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-2-d-versions-of-benchmark-functions-a-f1-b-f2-c-f3-2qfu5m8a.png Fig. 3. The 2-D versions of benchmark functions: (a) F1; (b) F2; (c) F3; (d) F4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-transfer-functions-a-sigmoid-b-tangent-hyperbolic-1s5tnkfc.png Fig. 2. Two transfer functions: (a) sigmoid; (b) tangent hyperbolic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-interaction-topologies-a-cellular-b-fully-1vcu9l6g.png Fig. 1. Two interaction topologies: (a) cellular; (b) fully-connected https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-initial-parameters-for-bmoa-bpso-and-ga-348nazh7.png TABLE II: INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR BMOA, BPSO, AND GA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-curves-of-the-algorithms-on-a-f1-b-f2-c-f3-dntlft3y.png Fig. 4. Convergence curves of the algorithms on (a) F1; (b) F2; (c) F3; (d) F4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-benchmark-functions-2e6v227a.png TABLE I: BENCHMARK FUNCTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-minimization-results-of-four-benchmark-functions-2wlp8852.png TABLE III: MINIMIZATION RESULTS OF FOUR BENCHMARK FUNCTIONS OVER 30 INDEPENDENT RUNS https://scispace.com/papers/bodies-as-bearers-of-value-the-transmission-of-jock-culture-4l284wcnur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-12-commandments-of-jock-culture-e4zzjq8h.png Figure 1: The 12 Commandments of Jock Culture https://scispace.com/papers/body-odor-disgust-sensitivity-predicts-stronger-moral-8r1hl4kklw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-type-iii-wald-kh2-analysis-of-deviance-on-affective-io3lvbwh.png TABLE 5 | Type III Wald χ2 Analysis of Deviance on affective ratings on moral scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zero-order-correlations-across-measures-iuof22a7.png TABLE 2 | Zero-order correlations across measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-type-iii-wald-kh2-analysis-of-deviance-on-affective-3hvv320s.png TABLE 3 | Type III Wald χ2 Analysis of Deviance on affective ratings on moral scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interaction-effect-of-bods-scores-and-moral-ratings-r1f6k2vw.png FIGURE 4 | Interaction effect of BODS scores and Moral Ratings on condemnation ratings. BODS, Body Odor Disgust Scale; MorRat, Moral Rating; Moral, Morally Wrong; Inapp, inappropriate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-effects-of-bods-moral-condition-and-1rze683z.png FIGURE 1 | Interaction effects of BODS, Moral Condition and Rated Emotion on affective ratings. Results are displayed for levels of BODS = –1 SD (upper panels) and BODS = +1 SD (lower panels). MorCond, Moral Condition (Harm vs. Purity); RatEmo, Rated Emotion (Disgust vs. Anger); BODS, Body Odor Disgust Scale score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-effect-of-moral-condition-and-moral-1dm68ouk.png FIGURE 3 | Interaction effect of Moral Condition and Moral Ratings on condemnation ratings. MorCond, Moral Condition (Harm vs. Purity); MorRat, Moral Rating; Moral, Morally Wrong; Inapp, inappropriate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-type-iii-wald-kh2-analysis-of-deviance-on-affective-3pjf0kj4.png TABLE 4 | Type III Wald χ2 Analysis of Deviance on affective ratings on moral scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-type-iii-wald-kh2-analysis-of-deviance-on-moral-1bxx5ewd.png TABLE 6 | Type III Wald χ2 Analysis of Deviance on Moral judgments. https://scispace.com/papers/bogoliubov-born-green-kirkwood-yvon-chain-and-kinetic-3lfbn5lse7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-one-particle-distributions-the-evolution-of-f10-x1-v1-12y7dbg7.png FIG. 2: One-particle distributions: the evolution of F1,0 (x1, v1) as λ increases. Initially Gaussian distributed about a single peak, as λ increases, it settles into 4 equally distributed peaks due to the large perturbation. The velocities are deterministic so the distribution is centred around the four velocity points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-er-and-its-standard-deviation-sd-are-39oasz73.png Table 1: the average Er and its standard deviation (SD) are described through time up to 3 significant figures, to determine the accuracy of the factorisation approximation, using the Pechukas model for a two qubit system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-eigenvalues-all-the-eigenvalues-of-1rr5fi1b.png FIG. 1: Evolution of eigenvalues: all the eigenvalues of Hamiltonian Eq. (18) for 100 simulations with random initial conditions obtained from the different values of J . These eigenvalues are of the form J + λHn, they are Gaussian distributed as J is Gaussian distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation 1, through their evolution in λ from 0 to 1 in steps of 0.1. When the perturbation is much weaker than the interaction J , the system stays close to its ground state. When the perturbation is of the same order as J , the eigenvalues deviate from an initially Gaussian distribution, evolving into four distinct peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/booch-s-ada-vs-liskov-s-java-two-approaches-to-teaching-50ep39h1eh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interface-inheritance-and-heterogeneous-collections-2t9c8am5.png Fig. 2. Interface inheritance, and heterogeneous collections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-genericity-and-inheritance-17630wim.png Fig. 1. Genericity and Inheritance https://scispace.com/papers/bonelike-plga-hybrid-materials-for-bone-regeneration-3gc80oc2tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-for-a-bonelike-c-r-b-sintered-ha-and-c-1cxq171h.png Figure 1 XRD patterns for: (a) Bonelike ©R , (b) sintered HA and (c) HA as received. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-spectra-of-silanization-i-sintered-ha-a-g-mps-vo3jswpb.png Figure 2 FTIR spectra of silanization. (i) sintered HA, (a) γ -MPS, (b) non-treated sintered HA, (c) silanized HA (P method) and (d) silanized HA (nP method). (ii): Bonelike ©R , (a) γ -MPS, (b) nontreated Bonelike ©R , (c) silanized Bonelike ©R (P method), (d) silanized Bonelike ©R (nP method). (iii): Zoom of Fig. 2(ii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ftir-atr-spectroscopic-results-of-bonelike-c-r-2ujm0xlw.png Figure 6 FTIR-ATR spectroscopic results of Bonelike ©R surface treatment: (a) γ -MPS, (b) PLGA, (c) Bonelike ©R surface, (d) silanized Bonelike ©R (modified P method), (e) silanized Bonelike ©R /PLGA hybrid using the modified P method and post-hybridised with 1 wt% PLGA/ethyl lactate solution and (f) Bonelike ©R /PLGA hybrid posthybridised with 1 wt% PLGA/ethyl lactate solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bonelike-c-r-granules-surface-treatment-using-the-1nbb52zk.png Figure 5 Bonelike ©R granules surface treatment using the solvent evaporation method. (i): SEM images, (a) Bonelike ©R surface, (b) silanized Bonelike ©R (modified P method) and (c) Bonelike ©R /PLGA hybrid post-hybridised with 1 wt% PLGA/ethyl lactate solution and (d) silanized Bonelike ©R /PLGA hybrid (modified P method). (ii): Respective EDX spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-raman-spectra-of-bonelike-c-r-surface-treated-with-1fk4b28b.png Figure 4 Raman spectra of Bonelike ©R surface treated with various concentrations of PLGA/ethyl lactate solution using the solvent evaporation method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xps-spectra-of-bonelike-c-r-silanized-by-solvent-3px0j3bk.png Figure 3 XPS spectra of Bonelike ©R silanized by solvent evaporation method using a 10 wt% γ -MPS solution showing the appearance of most significant peaks Si2p, C1s, O1s, Ca2p (2p3 and 2p1), P2p, N1s: (a) silanization by P method, (b) silanization by nP method, (c) Si2p in P method after peak deconvolution and (d) Si2p in nP method after peak deconvolution. https://scispace.com/papers/boosting-alignment-accuracy-by-adaptive-local-realignment-x7hd0j03ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-of-estimators-to-true-accuracy-each-33j5r8p4.png Figure 3 Relationship of estimators to true accuracy. Each point in a scatterplot corresponds to an alignment whose true accuracy is on the horizontal axis, and whose value under a given estimator is on the vertical axis. Both scatterplots show the same set of 3,000 alignments under the accuracy estimators Facet (Kececioglu and DeBlasio, 2013) and TCS (Chang et al., 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accuracy-of-the-default-alignment-local-realignment-2i8vdhsz.png Figure 5 Accuracy of the default alignment, local realignment of the default alignment, parameter advising, and parameter advising with local realignment within difficulty bins. In the bar chart on the left the horizontal axis shows all ten benchmarks bins, and the vertical bars show the accuracy averaged over just the benchmarks in that bin. The accuracy of the default alignment and parameter advising using an oracle set of cardinality k = 10, before local realignment is shown as well as the application of local realignment to both results. The car chart on the right shows the accuracy uniformly averaged over the bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-advising-accuracy-using-various-methods-versus-set-10ceg7xa.png Figure 6 Advising accuracy using various methods versus set cardinality. This figure compares the accuracy of alignments produced by local advising on the alignment produced using the Opal default parameter settings, global advising alone, and two variants on combining local and global advising. The horizontal axis represents and increasing oracle advising set cardinality used for both parameter advising and local realignment. The vertical axis shows the accuracy of the alignments produced by each of the advising methods averaged across difficulty bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-adaptive-local-realignment-the-figure-2jbmmu5t.png Figure 1 Impact of adaptive local realignment. The figure shows portions of an alignment of benchmark BB11007 from the BAliBASE suite, where the highlighted amino acids in red uppercase are from the core columns of the reference alignment, which should be aligned in a correct alignment. (a) The alignment computed by Opal using its optimal default parameter setting (VTML200, 45, 11, 42, 40) across the sequences, with an accuracy of 89.6%. The regions of the alignment in gray boxes are automatically selected for realignment. (b) The outcome of using adaptive local realignment, with an improved accuracy of 99.6%. The realignments of the three regions use alternate parameter settings (BLOSUM62, 45, 2, 45, 42), (BLOSUM62, 95, 38, 40, 40), and (VTML200, 45, 18, 45, 45), respectively, which increase the accuracy of these regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-accuracy-of-the-default-alignment-and-local-1jy058ce.png Figure 7 Accuracy of the default alignment and local realignment using TCS and Facet with various advisor set cardinalities. This figure compares the accuracy of alignments produced by the Opal default parameter settings applying local realignment using either the TCS or Facet estimator. The horizontal axis represents and increasing oracle advising set cardinality used for local realignment. The vertical axis shows the accuracy of the alignments produced by each of the advising methods averaged across difficulty bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-adaptive-local-realignment-process-a-we-2seppvvl.png Figure 4 The adaptive local realignment process. (a) We calculate a Facet score for a sliding window across at the input alignment. (b) To calculate a score for each column from the set of window scores we use a weighted sum of the values for all windows that overlap that column. (c) Columns that a column score value greater than τG are labeled as barriers and then columns with value less than τB are used as seeds for realignment regions. (d) These seeds are then extended in both directions until they reach a barrier column to define a realignment region that is extracted from the alignment. (e) The unaligned subsequences defined by this region are then realigned using a parameter advisor. (f) Once the most accurate realignment of the region is found it is reinserted into the input alignment replacing the section that was removed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-parameter-advising-process-for-an-input-set-of-ikckaf12.png Figure 2 The parameter advising process. For an input set of sequences, a parameter advisor first invokes the aligner for each of a collection of independent parameter choices. Each parameter choice when used with the aligner produces an alternate alignment of the sequences. An accuracy estimator is then used to label each of the alternate alignments with an accuracy estimate. The advisor then returns the alternate alignment with the highest accuracy estimate. https://scispace.com/papers/boosting-light-driven-co2-reduction-into-solar-fuels-9frxdn1vn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-common-electrochemical-redox-potentials-for-2wmgeoum.png Fig. 6. Common electrochemical redox potentials for photocatalytic CO2 conversion with corresponding reduction potentials (V vs NHE at pH = 7). Adapted with permission from Ref. (Bo et al., 2020), copyright 2020 Royal society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-dos-of-a-zno-cluster-b-oxygen-vacancy-rich-zno-23z8lxsm.png Fig. 11. DOS of (a) ZnO cluster, (b) oxygen-vacancy rich ZnO cluster. The partial charge density (orange region) of (c) ZnO cluster and oxygen-vacancy rich ZnO cluster with respect to valence band maximum. Here, Zn, H, and O atoms are represented by grey, white and red spheres, respectively, while yellow parts refer to charge density curve. Reproduced with permission from Ref (Geng et al., 2018). under license number 4978680043872, copyright 2018 Wiley. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-sem-image-of-au-zno-photocatalyst-b-drs-analysis-of-1fz5q98i.png Fig. 15. (a) SEM image of Au–ZnO photocatalyst, (b) DRS analysis of Au–ZnO (red curve) and bare ZnO (black curve), (c) the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of ZnO and Au–ZnO dispersed in 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrolline-N-oxide solution, (d) photocurrent density-time arcs of bare ZnO and Au–ZnO samples, (e) UV–visible absorption spectrum of ZnO and Cu–ZnO photocatalyst, (f) CH3OH generation rate with or with visible-light source at 220 ◦C, (g) the electromagnetic field distribution and (h) transient kinetic absorption investigations over Cu–ZnO photocatalyst under 580 nm light illumination. Reproduced with permission from refence (Wang et al., 2019c) under license number 4979251018580, 4979250899903, copyright 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry (2020) Wiley, and 2019 Elsevier. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-a-electron-spin-resonance-esr-analysis-of-zno-rgo-uio-1xea1goe.png Fig. 19. (a) Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis of ZnO/rGO/UiO-66 and O–ZnO/rGO/UiO-66, (b) PL spectrum of UiO-66-NH2, O–ZnO, and O–ZnO/rGO/UiO-66NH2, (c) photocatalytic Z-scheme mechanism of O–ZnO/rGO/UiO-66-NH2, (d) HCOOH and CH3OH production rate for different samples, (e) Transient photocurrent absorption results and (f) electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots for ZnO, Cu2O/ZnO, 0.6Ag-0.4Cu2O/ZnO samples. Reproduced with permission from Ref. Meng et al. (2019) (Zhang et al., 2020a); under license number 4980160145646, copyright 2019 American Chemical Society, and 2019 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-diagrammatic-drawing-of-heterostructure-with-339meatv.png Fig. 20. Diagrammatic drawing of heterostructure with staggered band alignment; (a) before contact, (b) after contact, and (c) S-scheme charge transfer mechanism under light illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-possible-structure-of-adsorbed-co2-on-3knsbgdh.png Fig. 7. The possible structure of adsorbed CO2•- on photocatalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Fu et al., 2020), copyright 2020 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-pictorial-representation-of-human-caused-carbon-3f3dnv1n.png Fig. 1. (a) Pictorial representation of human caused carbon cycle, (b) Global tendency for the rise in CO2 amount in the last ten years measured at distinct laboratories confined in the global monitoring divisions (GMD) of the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL). Reproduced with permission from Ref. (Singh et al., 2020). Copyright 2020 Royal society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-transmission-electron-microscopy-tem-image-of-zno-g-1d9jdkde.png Fig. 21. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of ZnO-g-C3N4, (b) schematic illustration of ZnO-g-C3N4 direct or S-scheme heterostructure based mechanism, (c) CO and CH4 production rate for different samples, and (d) stability and recyclability test for 30ZMZ photocatalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref (Cerrato and Paganini, 2020; Deng et al., 2021). under license number 4980251341379, copyright 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry, and 2020 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/papers/boosting-the-electrocatalytic-activity-of-co3o4-nanosheets-vwg4yey9bs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-xrd-patterns-and-raman-spectra-of-the-co3o4-327ethxf.png Figure 1. (a, b) XRD patterns and Raman spectra of the Co3O4 nanosheet (NS) and Co3O4 bulk (Bulk); (c) XPS spectra of Co 2p for Co3O4 bulk; (d) XPS spectra of O 1s for Co3O4 bulk; (e) XPS spectra of Co 2p for Co3O4 nanosheet; (f) XPS spectra of O 1s for Co3O4 nanosheet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-sem-images-of-the-nanosheets-at-different-2u7397g5.png Figure 3. (a, b) SEM images of the nanosheets at different magnifications viewed from the top; (c) TEM image of a NS specimen viewed from the top; (d) High-resolution TEM micrograph of a Co3O4 NS specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-cv-curves-in-the-litfsi-tegdme-electrolyte-at-a-1qmy0zjy.png Figure 8. (a) CV curves in the LiTFSI/TEGDME electrolyte at a scan rate of 0.1 mV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-of-co3o4-bulks-and-co3o4-nanosheets-297w2vhg.png Figure 7. SEM images of Co3O4 bulks and Co3O4 nanosheets electrodes after discharge to (a, d) 0 mAh g-1; (b, e) 500 mAh g-1; (c, f) 1000mAh g-1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-electrochemical-performances-of-co3o4-2p27lvv6.png Figure 5. The electrochemical performances of Co3O4 nanosheets and Co3O4 bulks based Li-O2 battery with LiI additives in the electrolyte at a current density of 200 mA g-1. (a) The discharge–charge curves at 1st and 30th of Co3O4 nanosheets and Co3O4 bulks. (b) The cycle performance of specimens with NS and bulk based cathodes with LiI in the electrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-co-l23-edge-xanes-spectra-measured-in-tfy-and-tey-lrglggf2.png Figure 2. (a) Co L2,3-edge XANES spectra measured in TFY and TEY mode, and (b) The O K-edge XANES spectra; (c) XPS spectra of O1s for Co3O4 bulk specimens before and after etching; (d) XPS spectra of O 1s for Co3O4 nanosheets before and after etching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-three-dimensional-discharge-plots-of-the-xrd-2or7t3nv.png Figure 6. (a) Three dimensional discharge plots of the XRD patterns in the 2θ region of 30−50°, with a constant current of 200 mA g-1, (b) 2D image of the in-situ XRD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-illustration-of-the-synergetic-effect-of-v5bs4rdg.png Figure 9. Schematic illustration of the synergetic effect of the architectured 2D nanosheets, with high concentration of oxygen vacancies in the interior and high Co3+ concentration on the surface. https://scispace.com/papers/bootstrap-confidence-intervals-for-the-contributions-of-3963072bbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-coverage-of-95-confidence-intervals-for-2lbei30j.png Table 10. Average coverage (%) of 95% confidence intervals for percentage of contributions given by the percentile, bias-corrected percentile, non-studentized and studentized pivotal methods, and Methods A and B. Average of the ratio of the median widths of intervals relative to the median widths of intervals given by Method A are shown in brackets. Population distributions are skew. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-coverage-of-95-equal-tailed-and-shortest-2oucv9gu.png Table 5. Average coverage (%) of 95% equal-tailed and shortest confidence intervals for Method A and Method B, for sample sizes of 500 and 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relative-frequency-distribution-for-the-width-ratio-1xpnaxo1.png Table 6. Relative frequency distribution (%) for the width ratio of confidence intervals given by equal-tailed interval relative to shortest interval using Method A for shortest intervals that are not one-sided https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relative-frequency-distribution-for-the-width-ratio-3ppxxqjf.png Table 7. Relative frequency distribution (%) for the width ratio of confidence intervals given by equal-tailed interval relative to shortest interval using Method A for shortest intervals that are one-sided https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-parameters-and-d-and-the-pearsons-moment-coefficient-2cvt4nap.png Table 8. Parameters and δ and the Pearson’s moment coefficient of skewness for each variable in each dataset. The Pearson’s moment coefficient of kurtosis for each variable is given in parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-coverage-of-95-confidence-intervals-for-3rn1fbuz.png Table 3. Average coverage (%) of 95% confidence intervals for individual contributions given by the percentile, bias-corrected percentile, non-studentized and studentized pivotal methods, and Methods A and B. Average of the ratio of the median widths of intervals relative to the median widths of intervals given by Method A are shown in brackets. Population distributions are multivariate normal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-coverage-of-95-confidence-intervals-for-326gjvn2.png Table 4. Average coverage (%) of 95% confidence intervals for percentage of contributions given by the percentile, bias-corrected percentile, non-studentized and studentized pivotal methods, and Methods A and B. Average of the ratio of the median widths of intervals relative to the median widths of intervals given by Method A are shown in brackets. Population distributions are multivariate normal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-density-functions-with-coefficients-of-35cvtleg.png Figure 2. Probability density functions with coefficients of skewness of (a) 0.981 and (b) 1.410. https://scispace.com/papers/bootstrap-solutions-of-the-bethe-salpeter-equation-3prt03ibhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bethe-salpeter-equation-for-a-composite-system-of-2eygkquq.png Fig. 1. The Bethe-Salpeter equation for a composite system of ~ and m2 bound by exchange of meson M. The total energy of the bound state is E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1742682u.png Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-deuteron-calculation-the-parameters-p5chew5r.png Table 1. Results of' the "deuteron" calculation. The parameters are m = ~ = m2 = 0.938, and EB = 0.002. The exchange mass is M. https://scispace.com/papers/bose-einstein-condensation-of-87rb-in-a-levitated-crossed-365arv29q6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-loading-the-single-beam-dipole-trap-atom-number-black-2l3h8ch2.png Fig. 4. Loading the single beam dipole trap. Atom number (black triangles) is shown as a function of the vertical and horizontal (inset) beam position with respect to the magnetic field zero of the quadrupole potential. The beam power was 3.7 W, the waist was ∼ 110 µm and the gradient was 29 G cm−1. The solid and dotted black lines are to guide the eye only. The coloured lines show the evolution of the cloud density profile during loading as the magnetic field gradient is adiabatically ramped from the initial 187 G cm−1 (magenta dashed-dotted line) to the final 30 G cm−1 (red solid line). The data in the inset were taken for no vertical offset of the dipole trap and strikingly reveal the position of the field zero through the reduction in the trapped atom number due to Majorana spin flip losses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spin-transfer-via-rapid-adiabatic-passage-an-rf-field-1ngl6iwy.png Fig. 5. Spin transfer via rapid adiabatic passage. An RF field with a frequency of ∼ 1.5 MHz is applied to the atoms and the magnetic bias field is turned on to 22.8 G. A Stern-Gerlach measurement is used to analyse the spin composition of the gas as a function of the RF power. Typical absorption images indicate the efficient transfer of the population from the |1,−1〉 state to the |1,+1〉 state. Each image is 4.5× 4.5 mm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-phase-space-density-trajectory-to-bec-of-87rb-1ws0chpj.png Fig. 6. The phase-space density trajectory to BEC of 87Rb atoms in the crossed dipole trap. The experimental sequence from right to left corresponds to RF evaporation in the quadrupole trap, dipole trap loading and forced evaporation in the dipole trap by reducing the beam powers. Characteristic signatures of the BEC transition are shown in absorption images, highlighting the anisotropic time of flight expansion of a condensate as compared to a thermal distribution (top right) and the evolution of the density distribution as the gas is cooled through the critical temperature (bottom left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-levitated-crossed-dipole-trap-a-schematic-of-the-1bk0h9rl.png Fig. 1. The levitated crossed dipole trap. (a) Schematic of the trap geometry showing the coils used to generate the magnetic potential and the intersection of the two dipole beams within the ultra high vacuum (UHV) glass cell to create the optical potential. (b) Typical contour plots of the resulting hybrid trapping potential including gravity for 87Rb in the |1,+1〉 state. In this example both 150 mW beams are focussed to ∼ 60 µm, the magnetic field gradient is 29 G cm−1 and the bias field is 22.8 G along z. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-application-of-the-experiment-to-sympathetic-cooling-f3t32our.png Fig. 8. Application of the experiment to sympathetic cooling of 133Cs. (a) The magnetic quadrupole and (b) the tilted crossed dipole trap potentials for 87Rb (black) and 133Cs (red). The depth of the quadrupole trap determined by the RF frequency is 3× larger for 133Cs than for 87Rb, thereby permitting sympathetic cooling. Similarly the dipole trap potential is deeper for 133Cs than for 87Rb due to the greater polarisability at 1550 nm. The example potential in (b) corresponds to 100 mW in each beam, a magnetic field gradient of 38 G cm−1 and a bias field of 22.8 G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sympathetic-cooling-of-different-spin-states-in-the-t0gq78pp.png Fig. 7. Sympathetic cooling of different spin states in the crossed dipole trap. (a) Temperatures and trap depths for each mF state and (b) atom number as a function of the power in each beam. Data are shown for the |1,+1〉 state (blue lines and squares), the |1, 0〉 state (red lines and circles) and the |1,−1〉 state (black lines and triangles). The solid lines in (a) indicate the trap depth along z, the dashed line indicates the trap depth along the beam and allows identification of the beam powers at which the evaporation surface switches from horizontal to vertical (tilting): these beam powers are 0.8 W and 0.45 W for |1,+1〉 and |1, 0〉 respectively. The inset shows the vertical cross-section through the potential minimum for a beam power of 0.45 W and a magnetic field gradient of 13 G cm−1. The solid lines in (b) are to guide the eye only and the dashed lines indicate the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation. The absorption images in (b) are taken after a Stern-Gerlach time of flight and highlight the sympathetic cooling of the |1, 0〉 state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-loading-trap-potential-for-87rb-atoms-in-the-1-1-3jzs7s03.png Fig. 2. The loading trap potential for 87Rb atoms in the |1,−1〉 state created with 6 W in each dipole beam and a magnetic field gradient of 29 G cm−1. Contour plots of the trap potential in (a) the x− y plane intersecting the potential minimum and (b) the x − z plane. Cross-sections through the potential minimum along one of the beams (c) and vertically (d). The crossed dipole trap is positioned ∼ 80 µm below the field zero of the quadrupole potential resulting in additional magnetic harmonic confinement along the beams. The purely magnetic contribution is shown as the dashed line in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-controlling-the-depth-of-the-levitated-crossed-dipole-1rf93d64.png Fig. 3. Controlling the depth of the levitated crossed dipole trap by the addition of a magnetic field gradient. (a) The trap depths for 87Rb atoms in the |1,+1〉 state in the z-direction (solid black triangles) and along the beams (open red circles) as a function of the magnetic field gradient. The beam powers are both 100 mW and the bias field is 22.4 G. Cross-sections through the potential minimum (b) along one of the beams and (c) vertically are shown for the levitated (dashed) and the tilted (solid) potentials indicated by the arrows in (a). The dotted line in (b) indicates the magnetic potential due to a gradient of 30.2 G cm−1 with no optical potential present. https://scispace.com/papers/borexino-s-search-for-low-energy-neutrino-and-antineutrino-58fki2r2qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-borexino-90-c-l-fluence-upper-limits-obtained-1jdtbj9m.png Figure 4: Borexino 90% C.L. fluence upper limits obtained through neutrino-electron elastic scattering for νe (line 1), ν̄e (2), νµ,τ (3), and ν̄µ,τ (4). Given are also the limits obtained for νe by SNO [20] (line 5) and SuperKamiokande [19] (line 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-borexino-energy-spectrum-of-singles-in-correlation-rvxtgxfq.png Figure 3: Borexino energy spectrum of singles in correlation with GRBs. In inset, the difference between spectra measured in NGRB× ∆tSIG and NGRB × ∆tBGR time windows is shown in the units of standard deviations (SD). Blue arrows indicate the three energy thresholds Tth from Eq. 7 chosen for the separate analysis (details in text). Line 4 shows the expected spectrum of recoil electrons for the fluence 1 × 1010 cm−2 per one GRB of 14 MeV neutrinos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-the-borexino-detector-2d7689ks.png Figure 1: Schematic view of the Borexino detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-distribution-of-multiplicities-for-all-bursts-1txd0632.png Figure 5: The distribution of multiplicities for all bursts of events in Borexino. Note that due to small differences, the results obtained without and with the use of the FADC system cannot be appreciated visually. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-the-number-of-observed-coincidences-8rldfa1c.png Figure 6: Distribution of the number of observed coincidences, Nin, between the observed bursts with multiplicity 3 (40 s static time window) and 10000 sets of randomly generated times, equal to the number of GRBs used in this analysis. The vertical dashed red line shows Nin corresponding to the real GRB times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiplicity-date-time-gmt-and-duration-for-bursts-3c5ejzqr.png Table 4: Multiplicity, date, time (GMT) and duration for bursts of events in Borexino with the highest multiplicity detected within ±5000s around a GRB. The last column contains names of the GRB which is closest in time. The probability that coincidences of these bursts with GRBs are accidental is 93% (81%) for the static (dynamic) time window. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-borexino-90-c-l-upper-limits-for-grb-fluences-of-all-27yp52o4.png Table 3: Borexino 90% C.L. upper limits for GRB fluences of all neutrino flavours, obtained through the study of neutrino-electron elastic scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-periods-and-the-number-of-grbs-used-in-38inhvfc.png Table 1: Summary of periods and the number of GRBs used in different analyses. The livetimes indicate up-times of different DAQ systems in a given period. https://scispace.com/papers/boundary-effects-in-potential-vorticity-dynamics-36vc1isc6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generalized-potential-vorticity-in-simulated-13vnjrp5.png FIG. 1. Generalized potential vorticity in simulated Boussinesq flow past a mountain. The flow impinges along the x axis (from the left) upon a radially symmetric mountain at the coordinate origin. (a), (b), (c) Colored contours indicate the interior potential vorticity (20) on the isentropes u9 5 0.8 and u9 5 2.0 and the surface potential vorticity (21) at the mountain surface for three different times t after the start of the simulation from a potential-flow initial condition. (d) Colored contours indicate, projected onto the (x, y ) plane, the convergence 2= · (r0Kbc) of the baroclinic component (22) of the surface potential vorticity flux. Vectors indicate the magnitude and direction of the advective interior potential vorticity flux (u, y, 0)uP along the isentropes and of the advective surface potential vorticity flux uS. Quantities are given in units of the scales listed in Table 1. The delta function d(z 2 zs) in the surface potential vorticity was replaced by the inverse height scale 1/H, so that the surface potential vorticity is finite and of magnitude comparable with the interior potential vorticity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scales-used-for-nondimensionalization-of-quantities-21uydbu5.png TABLE 1. Scales used for nondimensionalization of quantities in Figs. 1 and 2. The fundamental scales used for the nondimensionalization are the horizontal scale L of the mountain and the velocity U and Brunt–Väisälä frequency N of the flow far upstream of the mountain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-isentropes-in-the-y-5-0-symmetry-plane-at-time-t-5-14-r6fy079h.png FIG. 2. Isentropes in the y 5 0 symmetry plane at time t 5 14.4. The thin lines represent isentropes (u9 5 const) with a contour interval of Du9 5 0.5. The thick lines represent the surface and the isentropes u9 5 0.8 and u9 5 2.0 on which the generalized potential vorticity is shown in Fig. 1. Potential temperature fluctuations u9 are given in units of the scale Q 5 u0(N2H /g) (cf. Table 1), so that a unit potential temperature fluctuation u9 5 1 corresponds to a downward displacement of an isentrope by one height scale H. https://scispace.com/papers/boundary-shear-flow-past-a-cylinder-near-a-wall-241ywwxy84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-boundary-layer-thickness-at-the-cylinder-location-9k7ned5z.png Table 1: Boundary layer thickness at the cylinder location for different Reynolds numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mesh-for-a-cylinder-near-the-wall-e-1-a-whole-3eolzg8u.png Figure 2: Mesh for a cylinder near the wall (e = 1). (a) whole computational domain, (b) near the cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variations-of-the-drag-cd-and-lift-cl-force-2hijabwi.png Figure 7: Variations of the drag (CD and lift (CL) force coefficients with time for e = 2, 1, 0.35 or G = 4, 2, 0.7 (from top to bottom) at Re = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-variation-of-the-mean-drag-cd-and-lift-cl-force-1iwf4mx2.png Figure 12: Variation of the mean drag (CD) and lift (CL) force coefficients with Re at e = 0.5 (or G = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-variations-of-the-rms-of-the-lift-force-12g26fw2.png Figure 13: Variations of the RMS of the lift force coefficient and the vortex-shedding frequency (Strouhal numbers) with Re at e = 0.5 (or G = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-present-computational-18fnb8pt.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the present computational domain (only the upper half part is needed for cases with the wall and symmetry boundaries, for which u = 1 is used at the inlet). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effective-reynolds-numbers-for-flow-past-a-circular-crhoovom.png Table 3: Effective Reynolds numbers for flow past a circular cylinder close to the wall boundary at different gaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-horizontal-velocity-profiles-of-the-flows-with-9hzmdxs7.png Figure 6: Mean horizontal velocity profiles of the flows with the wall boundary at x = xc − 0.5, over −0.5 ≤ y ≤ 0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/bounded-model-checking-for-parametric-timed-automata-3b4ed0ypp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-4-phase-handshake-protocol-parametric-region-graph-4v5slda1.png Fig. 4. The 4–phase handshake protocol, Parametric Region Graph of depth 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-4-phase-handshake-protocol-behaviour-diagram-27lnc00y.png Fig. 3. 4–phase handshake protocol, behaviour diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-4-phase-handshake-protocol-oxiexsez.png Fig. 2. 4–phase handshake protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parametric-bounded-model-checking-schema-2vez76mz.png Fig. 1. Parametric Bounded Model Checking schema https://scispace.com/papers/bovine-herpesvirus-5-bicp0-complements-the-bovine-40vy2mjhah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-oligonucleotide-primers-1w24fmci.png Table 1. Oligonucleotide primers https://scispace.com/papers/bounds-on-the-throughput-gain-of-network-coding-in-unicast-4sbrtu4mzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2d-cut-capacity-d-2-case-144kfecq.png Fig. 5. 2D Cut capacity: Δ ≥ 2 case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cut-capacity-in-2d-1pgrvqsg.png Fig. 3. Cut Capacity in 2D https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-demonstrating-the-benefit-of-katti-etc-10-s-7uzm1t0z.png Fig. 1. An example demonstrating the benefit of Katti etc. [10]’s opportunistic coding scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tighter-bound-for-packing-transmissions-across-a-cut-38kew7mv.png Fig. 8. Tighter bound for packing transmissions across a cut: Scenario 2 case a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tighter-bound-for-packing-transmissions-across-a-cut-3i7bp8ei.png Fig. 9. Tighter bound for packing transmissions across a cut: Scenario 2 case b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-protocol-communication-model-1ltgg7n0.png Fig. 2. The protocol communication model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interference-of-coding-schemes-in-2d-2qg0a4qm.png Fig. 4. Interference of coding schemes in 2D https://scispace.com/papers/brain-injury-as-the-result-of-violence-a-systematic-scoping-4pquqdjixy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-strategy-3iwyyn3y.png Table 1. Search Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-premorbid-and-demographic-features-all-findings-at-p-19i1qyp0.png Table 3. Premorbid and demographic features (all findings at p<.01 or Bonferroni corrected) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-costs-all-findings-at-p-01-or-bonferroni-corrected-11r2uzea.png Table 6 Costs (all findings at p<.01 or Bonferroni corrected) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-literature-review-flowchart-2nov29sa.png Figure 1. Literature review flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-outcomes-all-findings-at-p-01-or-bonferroni-1kg19no2.png Table 5 Outcomes (all findings at p<.01 or Bonferroni corrected) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-studies-examining-violence-related-traumatic-brain-29f8upoa.png Table 2: Studies examining violence-related Traumatic Brain Injury https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-injury-and-injury-related-factors-all-findings-at-p-2jk1piu1.png Table 4 Injury and injury-related factors (all findings at p<.01 or Bonferroni corrected) https://scispace.com/papers/brain-on-a-chip-model-enables-analysis-of-human-neuronal-2sj1y8fqbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-hnt2-media-1tenlhtz.png Table 1 Composition of hNT2 media https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hnt2-brain-environment-generation-a-diagram-of-ra-joypltz3.png Fig. 2 hNT2 brain environment generation. (A) Diagram of RA-induction differentiation protocol. (A.i) shows phase contrast light image of undifferentiated hNT2 cells cultured on monolayer. (A.ii) shows neuronal precursor marker (Nestin, NES) immunostaining of undifferentiated hNT2 (scale bars = 100 μm). (B) Diagram shows postmitotic cell differentiation on the brain-on-a-chip platform. After 4 weeks with MI treatment cultures are shown to be positive to mature axonal marker (NF200, B.i and ii), mature dendritic marker (MAP2ab, B.i and ii), astrocytic marker (GFAP, B.iii), and neuronal precursor/astrocytes marker (NES, B.iv). DAPI was used for nuclear staining (scale bars = 100 μm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-brain-layer-on-the-chemotaxis-of-hnpcs-a-67jh9w90.png Fig. 4 Effect of brain layer on the chemotaxis of hNPCs. (A) Timelapse data shows relatively stable hNPC migration speeds for both the brain chips and the control chips lacking the brain layer. (B) hNPCs migrate significantly slower in the brain chips, independent of the type of gradient (no gradient, CXCL12, or SLIT2). (C) Comparisons of chemotactic index (aka forward migration index, i.e., difference between x-positions of start and end points, divided by the accumulated distance) show that the hNPCs respond to the shallow CXCL12 gradients only in the presence of the NGCP layer. (D) Persistence (shortest distance between start and end points divided by the accumulated distance) is higher in the presence of the NGCP layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-and-specifications-of-antibodies-used-35otyp36.png Table 2 List and specifications of antibodies used https://scispace.com/papers/branding-brazilian-slums-through-freeware-cultural-1irkoqchl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-rios-favelas-and-main-redevelopment-326h8hsu.png Fig. 1 – Location of Rio’s favelas and main redevelopment projects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-creative-design-of-favela-landscapes-o6geko8j.png Fig. 4 – Creative design of favela landscapes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-building-bridges-between-favelas-and-the-booming-event-1uhh2ett.png Fig. 6 – Building bridges between favelas and the booming event capital. Redevelopment project at Morro Providencia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-negating-the-existence-of-favelas-in-official-tourism-320n57k0.png Fig. 5 – Negating the existence of favelas in official tourism representations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representations-of-favelas-the-baile-funk-as-a-brand-1utm5mgs.png Fig. 3 – Representations of favelas: The “baile funk” as a brand of oppositional identity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representations-of-favelas-military-policy-liberating-3iiu27x8.png Fig. 2 – Representations of favelas: Military policy “liberating” the Alemao complex from drug gangs: a show-off of force and brutality that has been given very string exposure on the media. https://scispace.com/papers/brand-positioning-under-lexicographic-choice-rules-3py0d5b8kf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-function-for-b-3qqqoo5f.png Fig. 3. Reaction function for B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stackelberg-solutions-k52nylf6.png Fig. 4. Stackelberg solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-competitive-behavior-38hr9ezi.png Fig. 2. Competitive behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feasible-set-3kw4htnr.png Fig. 1. Feasible set. https://scispace.com/papers/brca2-and-rad51-promote-double-strand-break-formation-and-4hqw2y6agp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hr-defects-protect-from-cell-death-but-have-no-2p7oyze9.png Figure 1. HR defects protect from cell death, but have no effect on irreversible replication fork stalling after release from gemcitabine. A, clonogenic survival of VC8 ( BRCA2) andVC8-B2 (þBRCA2) cells treatedwithgemcitabine for 2 hours and released into freshmedium.B, clonogenic survival ofU2OScells RAD51 treated as in A. C, protein levels of RAD51 and PARP1 (loading control) in U2OS cells 24 hours after transfection with RAD51 or nonT siRNA. D, schematic and representative images for DNA fiber labeling. CldU-only labeled tracks (stalled forks) were normalized to all CldU-containing tracks. Bars, 10 mm. E, quantification of stalled forks in VC8 and VC8-B2 cells (asterisks comparedwithCon). F, quantification of stalled forks in U2OScells RAD51 siRNA (asterisks comparedwithCon). G, percentagesof cells displayingmore than 10 gH2AX foci after release fromgemcitabine.H, percentages ofU2OScells RAD51 siRNA displaying more than 10 gH2AX foci after release from gemcitabine. Error bars, SEM; , P < 0.05; , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001, Student t test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gemcitabine-induced-dsbs-depend-on-mus81-and-xpf-a-19ueaz6n.png Figure 6. Gemcitabine-induced DSBs depend on MUS81 and XPF. A, protein levels of XPF and b-actin (loading control) after transfection with nonT or XPF siRNAs for 72 hours, treated with 5 mmol/L gemcitabine for 2 hours and release for the times indicated. B, protein levels of MUS81 after transfection with nonT or MUS81 siRNAs as in A. C, protein levels of XPF, MUS81, and b-actin (loading control) after transfection with nonTorMUS81andXPFsiRNAsas in A. D, percentage of U2OS cells XPF and MUS81 displaying more than 10 53BP1 foci after release from gemcitabine. E, quantification of increase in cells displaying more than 10 53BP1 foci as in D (asterisks compared with nonT siRNA). F, suggested model for HR-dependent replication fork slowing and DSB formation. Forks affected by gemcitabine treatment are recognized by BRCA2 and RAD51 and remodeled into joint moleculeHR intermediates suchas D-loops. These intermediates are preferentially cleaved by MUS81 and XPF. Error bars, SEM; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-brca2-deficient-and-proficient-cells-display-2x8w8lhr.png Figure 2. BRCA2-deficient and -proficient cells display aberrant cell-cycle progression after release from gemcitabine. A, new origin firing in VC8 and VC8-B2 cells after release from gemcitabine. DNA fiber labeling was performed as in Fig. 1D and IdU-only labeled tracks (new origins) were normalized to all CldU-containing tracks. B, FACS analysis of cellcycle progression and time course of mitotic catastrophe (MC) and apoptosis in VC8-B2 cells after release from gemcitabine. C, representative images of DAPI- and Lamin B1-stained VC8B2 cells withmitotic catastrophe or apoptotic phenotypes after 48- hour release from gemcitabine. Bars, 10 mm. D, increase inMC and apoptosis in VC8 and VC8-B2 cells after release from 5 mmol/L gemcitabine. E, percentages of VC8-B2 and VC8 cells positive for phospho-histone H3 staining following release from gemcitabine in the presence of 1.5 mmol/L nocodazole. F, cell-cycle progression in VC8 and VC8-B2 cells after release from 5 mmol/L gemcitabine for 24 to 72 hours. Error bars, SEM; , P < 0.01, Student t test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-roles-of-nhej-and-blm-helicase-in-the-response-to-35bpupe3.png Figure 5. Roles of NHEJ and BLM helicase in the response to gemcitabine. A, clonogenic survival of VC8-B2 and VC8 cells treated with gemcitabine and 1 mmol/L NU7441 for 2 hours and released into fresh medium containing 1 mmol/L NU7441, compared with survival without NU7441 (Fig. 1A). B, percentages of DNA released from plugs in DSB in VC8-B2 and VC8 cells released from treatment with 5 mmol/L gemcitabine in presence or absence of 1 mmol/L NU7441 (see Supplementary Fig. S3B for gel). Error bars, SD. C, percentages of U2OS cells BLM inhibitor displayingmore than1053BP1 foci after release from 5 mmol/L gemcitabine. Cells were preincubated with 1.8 mmol/L BLM inhibitor for 1 hour before gemcitabine treatment and released in fresh medium containing BLM inhibitor. D, clonogenic survival of U2OS cells BLM inhibitor treated with gemcitabine for 2 hours as in C. Error bars, SEM; , P < 0.05; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brca2-and-rad51-inhibit-replication-fork-v3iof7sd.png Figure 3. BRCA2 and RAD51 inhibit replication fork progression after release from gemcitabine. A, labeling protocol for DNA fiber analyses. Cells were labeled with CldU, treated with IdU and 5 mmol/ L gemcitabine for 2 hours and released into IdU for 4 hours. B, length distributions of IdU-labeled tracks from VC8-B2 cells (þBRCA2). C, length distributions of IdU-labeled tracks from VC8 cells ( BRCA2). D, length distributions of IdU-labeled tracks from U2OS cells treated with nonT siRNA. E, length distributions of IdU-labeled tracks fromU2OScells treated with RAD51 siRNA. F, average lengths of IdU tracks in VC8 and VC8-B2 cells treated as in A. G, average lengths of IdU tracks in U2OS cells RAD51. H, representative images of RAD51 foci in cells released from 5 mmol/L gemcitabine for 24 hours. I, percentages of cells displaying more than 5 RAD51 foci during 1 and 2 hours gemcitabine treatment and after release from gemcitabine (asterisks compared with Con). Error bars, SEM; , P < 0.05; https://scispace.com/papers/breastfeeding-and-risk-of-rheumatoid-arthritis-a-systematic-lpy3gxf9x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-funnel-plots-for-breastfeeding-and-ra-risk-a-effect-3u4n82jd.png Figure 3. Funnel plots for breastfeeding and RA risk. A. Effect of breastfeeding on general RA risk. B. Effect of breastfeeding on RA risk in whites. C. Effect of breastfeeding 1–12 months and RA risk. D. Effect of breastfeeding > 12 months and RA risk. RA: rheumatoid arthritis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-study-identification-inclusion-and-1dfbf3ze.png Figure 1. Flow of study identification, inclusion, and exclusion. RA: rheumatoid arthritis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristics-of-the-included-studies-of-3kpkl3tt.png Table 1. General characteristics of the included studies of breastfeeding and risk of RA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-metaanalysis-for-breastfeeding-and-ra-cdbxubzw.png Table 2. Results of metaanalysis for breastfeeding and RA risk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-metaanalysis-of-the-association-between-yyv9i64t.png Figure 2. Metaanalysis of the association between breastfeeding and RA risk. A. Metaanalysis of breastfeeding on RA risk. B. Metaanalysis of breastfeeding on RA risk in whites. C. Metaanalysis of the association between breastfeeding 1–12 months and RA risk. D. Metaanalysis of the association between breastfeeding > 12 months and RA risk. RA: rheumatoid arthritis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-3b6ra54k.png Figure 2. Metaanalysis of the association between breastfeeding and RA risk. A. Metaanalysis of breastfeeding on RA risk. B. Metaanalysis of breastfeeding on RA risk in whites. C. Metaanalysis of the association between breastfeeding 1–12 months and RA risk. D. Metaanalysis of the association between breastfeeding > 12 months and RA risk. RA: rheumatoid arthritis. https://scispace.com/papers/breastfeeding-practices-among-mothers-during-covid-19-in-1vpa2vphcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-1h9tf4y3.png Table 1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prisma-table-2ncj7a7a.png Table 2: Prisma Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-3gn74hjc.png Table 4: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-table-1asl9e82.png Table 3: Descriptive Table https://scispace.com/papers/bridging-book-a-not-so-electronic-children-s-picturebook-1d1zow9otx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bridging-book-3lq4fwef.png Figure 4. Bridging book https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ipad-and-book-with-magnets-a-approximate-compass-2xbjmhdn.png Figure 3. iPad and book with magnets. A - Approximate compass sensor location; B - Approximate location of hidden magnet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-magnitude-measurements-axes-x-y-and-z-1goci9ob.png Figure 2. Magnitude measurements — axes X, Y and Z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tablet-device-b-approximate-compass-sensor-226c229y.png Figure 1. A - Tablet device; B - Approximate compass sensor location; C - Hidden magnet; D - Physical paper book. https://scispace.com/papers/bridging-genomics-research-between-developed-and-developing-6p7dpxdvr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-major-international-organizations-3bazbbqt.png Table 1. Summary of the major international organizations involved in the field of Personalized Medicine. N/A: Not yet available Organization Type Activities description Region Website https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1fehe72i.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-depiction-of-the-gma-research-activities-16ydu6fv.png Figure 1. Graphical depiction of the GMA research activities that aim to translate Genomics Research and Pharmacogenomics into Genomic Medicine (see also text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/bridging-serious-games-and-participatory-design-22kykhmy7o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reporting-on-feelings-in-village-voices-29l8aw7q.png Figure 1: Reporting on feelings in Village Voices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-game-mechanics-guru-and-character-trades-alchemist-1kfllbwb.png Figure 3: Game mechanics (Guru) and character trades (Alchemist and Innkeeper) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-storyboard-displaying-conflict-responses-1x1aoluu.png Figure 2: Example storyboard displaying conflict, responses and outcomes. https://scispace.com/papers/bridging-the-gap-using-reservoir-ecology-and-human-10g0qxxxeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-lasv-positive-and-lasv-negative-pixels-3ug205ux.png Table 2. Summary of LASV positive and LASV negative pixels used in the pathogen layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predicted-annual-number-of-lassa-virus-infections-qpjnguta.png Table 4. Predicted annual number of Lassa virus infections and infection rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-rodent-captures-used-in-the-reservoir-1ki1j1e4.png Table 1. Summary of rodent captures used in the reservoir layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-human-seroprevalence-of-lassa-virus-in-west-1ht9r3hp.png Fig 5. Predicted human seroprevalence of Lassa virus in West Africa. Dots show locations of human serosurveys, and dot color indicates the residual of the predicted seroprevalence. White dots indicate locations for which measured seroprevalence fell within 0.1 of the prediction. Measured seroprevalence at red dots was 0.1 or more greater than that predicted, and seroprevalence at blue dots was 0.1 or more below the prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-human-arenavirus-serosurveys-used-in-the-3j07bdgw.png Table 3. Summary of human arenavirus serosurveys used in the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-human-arenavirus-seroprevalence-vs-the-combined-risk-gfl9afyi.png Fig 4. Human arenavirus seroprevalence vs the combined risk layer. Each circle represents a different serosurvey. The size of the circle indicates the number of humans that were tested. Solid black line shows the quasi-binomial prediction of seroprevalence, and the red dashed lines show the 95% confidence intervals. Confidence intervals were obtained by fitting the model 1000 times on random samples taken from the dataset with replacement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculating-the-combined-risk-layer-a-map-shows-the-25umnkg1.png Fig 3. Calculating the combined risk layer. (A) Map shows the likelihood that each 0.05˚ pixel in West Africa contains the primary reservoir of Lassa virus, M. natalensis. Pink dots indicate locations of captures that were used to train the model. Black line indicates the IUCN M. natalensis range map. (B) Predicted distribution of Lassa virus in M. natalensis. Dots indicate locations in which M. natalensis were surveyed for the virus. (C) Combined risk, defined as the product of the above two layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-model-ellipses-represent-datasets-1hjk0xdu.png Fig 2. Overview of the model. Ellipses represent datasets, circles represent models, and rectangles represent model predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/british-public-opinion-on-brexit-controversies-and-4y6dvjiell 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-public-preferences-on-trade-in-brexit-negotiations-1u29doc5.png Figure 2: Public preferences on trade in Brexit negotiations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-public-attitudes-towards-the-right-of-uk-citizens-1fzcivyv.png Figure 5. Public attitudes towards the right of UK citizens to live, work, do business and claim welfare benefits in other EU countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-public-preferences-on-access-to-the-eus-single-3t72t8cs.png Figure 3: Public preferences on access to the EU’s single market vs controlling EU migration into the UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-public-attitudes-towards-the-right-of-eu-27-2l66o306.png Figure 4. Public attitudes towards the right of EU-27 citizens to live, work, do business and claim welfare benefits in the UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-key-policy-priorities-in-brexit-negotiations-3j71bvdb.png Figure 1: Key policy priorities in Brexit negotiations https://scispace.com/papers/brief-robust-control-of-nonlinear-systems-with-parametric-uu7et8dlsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-system-robustness-of-controllers-p0kam5lc.png Table 1 Comparison of system robustness of controllers designed with uniform and Gaussian distributions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-nonlinear-system-consists-of-two-masses-connected-by-2ybj5kya.png Fig. 1. A nonlinear system consists of two masses connected by a linear-cubic spring. https://scispace.com/papers/broad-decline-and-subsequent-differential-re-emergence-of-2d6e5y4rlu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-positive-results-for-respiratory-3kghkngj.png Table 2. Percentage of positive results for respiratory viruses in weeks 6 to 52 of 2019, and differences in positive results for the same period in 2020, before, during and after the lockdown in Singapore, from all three hospitals combined https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timeline-of-pandemic-response-and-lockdown-measures-xi8gktfr.png Table 1. Timeline of pandemic response and lockdown measures, Singapore 2020a https://scispace.com/papers/broadband-giant-nonlinear-response-from-electrically-tunable-4dpcjk5scz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-simulations-of-the-meta-atom-structure-and-gva4aesb.png Fig. 3 | Numerical simulations of the meta-atom structure and fabricated metasurface. a, M2 meta-atom unit structure designed for SHG. The dimensions of the M2 meta-atom are: w1=270nm, w2=380nm, px=1380nm, py=1150nm, L=1160nm, and θ=57.6o. b,c, Top-down view cross-section of the normalized Ez field enhancement distribution at the FF with x-polarized input E-field (b, ) and at the SH frequency with y-polarized input E-field (c, ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-reflection-spectra-of-the-metasurfaces-35huarrz.png Fig. 4 | Experimental reflection spectra of the metasurfaces for different DC bias voltages. ac, Reflection spectra of the three arrays of the meta-atom structures, (a) M1, (b) M2, and (c) M3 optimized to have plasmonic resonance at 10.5 μm, 9.8 μm, and 9.6 μm, respectively, under xpolarized incident light and a DC bias voltage ranging from -4 V to +4 V with 1 V step. For better display of the data, the reflection spectra at different bias voltages are offset from each other vertically by 0.15. The three dashed curves trace the positions of the three polaritonic peaks induced by the coupling of the plasmonic resonance, 1-2 level IST, and 2-3 level IST as the DC bias voltage changes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concept-of-the-electrically-tunable-nonlinear-q2ypqn2a.png Fig. 1 | Concept of the electrically tunable nonlinear metasurface. The metasurfaace consists of an array of plasmonic nanocavity with an MQW layer inserted. The MQW layer was designed to have the giant 2nd order nonlinear response for SHG, with its maximum nonlinear response spectrally tuned by the applied bias voltage, thus producing a broadband giant nonlinear response. For positive and negative DC bias voltages applied to the device, the maximum SHG occurs at higher and lower pump frequencies (ω1 > ω2 > ω3), respectively. When a voltage pulse is applied to the device, strong SHG signal modulation is induced at a fix pump frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dynamic-modulation-of-the-shg-signal-a-shg-power-25plnwy8.png Fig. 6 | Dynamic modulation of the SHG signal. a, SHG power conversion efficiency spectra of the M1 metasurface under three DC bias voltages. SHG signal difference for -2 V and -4 V at a wavelength of 10.6 μm (CO2 laser wavelength) is indicated by the red arrow. b, The square voltage pulse between -2 V and -4 V with 40% duty cycle used for the dynamic SHG signal modulation measurement (upper panel) and the modulated SHG signal (bottom panel) monitored at the output of the fast MCT detector with a 3-ns response time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nonlinear-characterization-of-the-electrically-tunable-2iwihssc.png Fig. 5 | Nonlinear characterization of the electrically tunable metasurface. a, Optical setup for the measurement of the SHG signal from the metasurface under a DC bias voltage. The linearly polarized input beam at the FF (red arrow) from the quantum cascade laser (QCL) was focused onto the metasurface via the dichroic beam splitter (BS) and the ZnSe objective lens. The SH signal (blue arrow) generated from the device was collected by the same lens and directed to the InSb detector via the BS, linear polarizer, ZnSe lens, and short-pass (SP) filter. The flip mirror and the flip beam splitter were used only for the sample alignment and power monitoring, respectively, and they were removed when measuring the SHG signal. b, 3D plot of the measured SHG conversion efficiency spectra normalized to their maximum value as a function of the input pump wavenumber for different DC bias voltages from -4 V to +4 V with 2 V step. The conversion efficiency curves for the three metasurfaces are plotted using different colors. c-e, Measured SH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mqw-design-and-electrically-tunable-2nd-order-2pf86y84.png Fig. 2 | MQW design and electrically tunable 2nd order nonlinear response. a, Conduction band diagram for the In0.53Ga0.47As/Al0.48In0.52As coupled three-quantum-well unit structure under zero bias voltage, where Eij and zij indicate the energy separation and transition dipole element between electron state i and j, respectively. b,c, Calculated 2nd order nonlinear susceptibility of the MQW structure produced by the ISTs between electron subbands 1-3 (b, ) and the ISTs https://scispace.com/papers/broadscale-interseismic-deformation-and-fault-slip-rates-in-2jmm0sax4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-line-of-sight-los-insar-rate-map-derived-from-the-1bxj0f31.png Figure 5. (a) Line-of-sight (LOS) InSAR rate map derived from the 49 interferogram network and (b) the associated error map. Each observation is the average pixel displacement rate calculated for the entire observation period (6.22 years), and negative rates indicate movement toward the satellite. Solid black lines are active faults compiled by Taylor and Yin [2009]. The strike-slip Kunlun, Amdo-Sewa, Dongqiao, and Beng Co faults are labeled KUN, AMDO, DONG, and BENG, respectively, and discussed further in the text. The Yadong-Gulu rift is labeled YADO. Dashed red line is the profile A-A0 drawn in Figure 6. Numbered solid red lines with circular end markers indicate the individual fault profile locations drawn in Figure 8. Colored circles and squares in both maps show the location of GPS observations from Gan et al. [2007] with the horizontal-component velocities and 2-sigma errors mapped into the satellite LOS. The three observations plotted as squares are used to calculate the RMS difference between collocated GPS and InSAR rate pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-topographic-map-of-the-tibetan-plateau-and-28vlc57f.png Figure 1. (a) Topographic map of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding region with Quaternary active faults and geological sutures from the compilation of Taylor and Yin [2009]. Dashed black lines are geological sutures, red lines are thrust faults, blue lines are strike-slip faults, and magenta lines are normal faults. Symbols on faults indicate sense of movement with ticks on the hanging wall for normal faults and barbs on the upper plate for thrust faults. Name abbreviations for major features as follows: ATF, Altyn Tagh fault; BENG, Beng Co fault; BNS, Bangong-Nujiang Suture; GYC, Gyaring Co fault; HAI, Haiyuan ault; IZS, Indus-Zangbo Suture; JIA, Jiali fault; JS, Jinsha Suture; KAR, Karakoram fault; KUN, Kunlun fault; LAC, Lamu Co fault; LMT, Longmen Shan Thrust; MFT, Main Frontal Thrust; RPC, Riganpei Co fault; RRF, Red River fault; SAG, Sagaing fault; XSH, Xianshuihe fault. (b) Map showing the distribution of published InSAR studies of interseismic deformation in Tibet. Grey polygons with blue outlines show the spatial extent of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data used in each study. See Table 1 for the citations relating to each lettered polygon. The spatial extent of data used in this study is highlighted by the white polygon with blue outline. Arrows are horizontal-component GPS velocity vectors relative to stable Eurasia from Gan et al. [2007]. The tail of each arrow is plotted at the measurement location with color representing absolute velocity magnitude. Black lines are active faults compiled by Taylor and Yin [2009]. Both maps are plotted in Mercator projection. Inset map: red box shows the extent of central Asia plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-along-track-profile-a-a0-of-the-los-insar-rate-map-tv3ecg3j.png Figure 6. Along-track profile A-A0 of the LOS InSAR rate map shown in Figure 5a. All coherent pixels in the rate map are extrapolated orthogonally onto the profile line and plotted as gray points. Each observation is the average pixel displacement rate calculated for the entire observation period (6.22 years), and negative rates indicate movement toward the satellite. Red polygon shows the 2-sigma error envelope of the mean LOS rate calculated using a moving average every 10 km with a bin width of 30 km along-track and encompassing all pixels across-track. In calculating the profile, pixels are weighted based on their distance from the profile line and rate map formal error value (Figure 5b). Dashed black line is a profile through the a priori velocity model used in -RATE processing (“supporting information Figure S1”). Blue and green lines are coincident profiles through the block models of Thatcher [2007] and Meade [2007], respectively, converted into the LOS. Black circles with 2-sigma error bars are the LOS-converted GPS observations [Gan et al., 2007] plotted in Figure 5 projected perpendicularly on to the profile. Lower gray profile shows the topography along the profile line. Intersections of the profile line with faults from the Taylor and Yin [2009] compilation are marked by vertical black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fault-perpendicular-profiles-for-the-kunlun-kun-yq4mf8ac.png Figure 8. Fault-perpendicular profiles for the Kunlun (KUN), Amdo-Sewa (AMDO), Dongqiao (DONG), and Beng Co (BENG) strike-slip faults. Grey points indicate pixel observations from the InSAR rate map (Figure 5) within 20 km distance of the profile line converted to fault-parallel rates (i.e., horizontal motion only) and normalized to zero at the fault trace as described in the text. Each observation is the average pixel displacement rate calculated for the entire observation period (6.22 years). The blue polygon shows the 2-sigma error envelope of the mean rate calculated in 5 km bins along profile. The red polygon shows the estimated 2-sigma error envelope on the strike-slip rate for an elastic dislocation model with a locking depth of 10 km. Strike-slip fault symbols indicate the mapped sense of motion as given by Taylor and Yin [2009]. Locations of the numbered profiles are shown in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-baseline-time-plot-showing-the-network-of-51-12pj3y5w.png Figure 2. Baseline-time plot showing the network of 51 interferograms linking 27 ENVISAT SAR acquisitions. Lines represent the processed interferograms, which are colored according to the percentage of coherent pixels normalized to the most coherent interferogram (30 May 2004 to 26 December 2004). The vertical dashed line marks the occurrence time of the 6 October 2008 Damxung earthquake in south Tibet. Listed on the right are the dates of the 27 ENVISAT SAR acquisitions used, indicated by numbered circles in the plot. The red circle indicates the master SAR acquisition. Inset (a) histogram of interferogram time spans in terms of number of repeat orbits between master and slave acquisitions. ENVISAT had a minimum 35 day orbital repeat. Inset (b) histogram of interferogram differential perpendicular baselines. Refer to “supporting information Table S1” for further information on the 51 interferograms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-a-subsection-of-the-insar-los-rate-78ajz0fd.png Figure 7. Comparison of a subsection of the InSAR LOS rate map around the Kunlun fault region with and without postseismic correction. Dashed red lines in rate maps indicate the location of profile B-B0, drawn below. Red and blue polygons in the profile show the 2-sigma error envelope of the mean LOS rate calculated in the same way as in Figure 6. The green line shows the average LOS rate during the 6.22 year observation period of the Ryder et al. [2011] postseismic model, calculated by passing the network of postseismic corrections for each interferogram through the -RATE stacking algorithm. Dashed black line is a profile through the a priori velocity model (“supporting information Figure S1”). Intersections of the profile line with faults from the Taylor and Yin [2009] compilation are marked by vertical black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-seismicity-in-the-region-of-the-sar-scene-during-3ay31nc8.png Figure 3. Seismicity in the region of the SAR scene during the period 1 January 2000 to 29 June 2009. Earthquakes between 4 M < 6 are plotted as circles and colored according to the year of occurrence. Earthquakes with M 6 are named and plotted as double couple moment tensors, except for the 1951 Beng Co earthquake for which this information is not available. Plotted events are shallower than 70 km depth and symbol diameter scales with earthquake magnitude. The blue rectangle delineates the location of SAR data used in this study. Black lines are active faults compiled by Taylor and Yin [2009]. Labels are as follows: KUN, Kunlun fault; AMDO, Amdo-Sewa fault; DONG, Dongqiao fault; BENG, Beng Co fault; NC, Lake Nam Co; YADO, Yadong-Gulu rift. The surface ruptures of the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake on the Kunlun fault [Lasserre et al., 2005] and the 1951 earthquake on the Beng Co fault [Armijo et al., 1989] are marked by thick green lines. Earthquake locations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) database and moment tensors from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor project. Mercator projection. Inset map: red box shows the extent of central Asia plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-estimated-interseismic-fault-strike-slip-170xvuz6.png Table 1. Summary of Estimated Interseismic Fault Strike-Slip Rates in Tibet From Previous InSAR Studies and From Weighted Least Squares Inversion of Fault-Parallel Pixel Velocities From the InSAR-Derived Rate Map (Figure 5) https://scispace.com/papers/broiler-ascites-a-review-of-the-ascites-work-done-at-the-51i2pgdjef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypoxia-cascade-pa-pulmonary-artery-rv-right-uxqevpqx.png Figure 1 Hypoxia cascade (pa = pulmonary artery; RV = right ventricle) https://scispace.com/papers/brownian-bridge-movement-models-to-characterize-birds-home-12w8ef4ent 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-home-ranges-of-vultures-that-made-short-3u8sy6i5.png FIGURE 4. Mean home ranges of vultures that made short-distance (<100 km; n = 10) or long-distance (>100 km; n = 8) movements from their trap site. Vultures were monitored from 5 to 24 months by GPS satellite telemetry. Home range were estimated by Brownian bridge movement models (BBMM) and kernel density estimates (KDE) for 50% and 95% utilization distributions. Capped vertical bars denote 1 standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-home-ranges-of-black-vultures-dark-gray-bars-n-3bdmsu0c.png FIGURE 3. Mean home ranges of Black Vultures (dark gray bars; n = 11) and Turkey Vultures (light gray bars; n = 7) as estimated by Brownian bridge movement models (BBMM) and kernel density estimates (KDE) for 50% and 95% utilization distributions, from birds monitored from 5 to 24 months by GPS satellite telemetry. Capped vertical bars denote 1 standard error. P-values associated with oneway analyses of variance between the species are shown above each pair of bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lifetimes-of-gps-satellite-transmitters-attached-to-39iop7iq.png FIGURE 2. Lifetimes of GPS satellite transmitters attached to Black Vultures and Turkey Vultures at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-black-vultures-white-circles-and-3f8fkj1k.png FIGURE 1. Locations of Black Vultures (white circles) and Turkey Vultures (dark circles) tagged at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, showing movement of the Turkey Vulture to central Florida, 2006−2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extent-of-a-50-and-95-fixed-kernel-density-2l7bb9n1.png FIGURE 5. Extent of (A) 50% and 95% fixed-kernel density estimates (KDE) of home ranges and (B) 50% and 95% Brownian bridge movement models (BBMM) for Turkey Vulture #54 equipped with a GPS satellite transmitter at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, 2006−2008. https://scispace.com/papers/brueckner-hartree-fock-study-of-circular-quantum-dots-5b3ui9sib5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ground-state-energies-for-the-dots-with-2-n-13-61l37b67.png TABLE I. Ground state energies for the dots with 2 N 13 computed by HF, BHF, LSDA, QMC, and CI methods. The energies E in units of the confinement energy 0 are tabulated as E =E / 0. A fixed value R=1.89 of the interaction-toconfinement ratio has been used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-evolution-of-the-total-bhf-energy-with-1dknlx2t.png FIG. 4. Color online Evolution of the total BHF energy with the number Np of empty HF states included in the solution of Eq. 19 . Each panel shows the results for a different quantum dot. The solid line is a cubic fit, in powers of 1 /Np, allowing extrapolation to the Np→ limit. The LSDA, HF, and CI energies for each case are also shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-same-as-fig-4-for-a-dot-with-20-electrons-2focyhro.png FIG. 5. Color online Same as Fig. 4 for a dot with 20 electrons and the additional parameters given in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-upper-panels-total-energies-in-different-vjb8133n.png FIG. 1. Color online Upper panels: Total energies in different methods for two and six-electron dots as a function of the interaction-to-confinement ratio see text . Lower: Correlation energies within each model for the same two dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-evolution-of-the-total-energy-of-a-2cjwprkn.png FIG. 3. Color online Evolution of the total energy of a sixelectron dot with the magnetic field. The different phases are indicated by the angular momentum labels Lz ,Sz . A fixed value of the parameter R=1.89 has been used see text . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-left-right-panels-show-total-correlation-1we0ngec.png FIG. 2. Color online Left right panels show total correlation energies for the models and states indicated by the corresponding labels. The results correspond to the N=2 dot in a magnetic field, shown as a function of the cyclotron frequency in units of 0 . The interaction-to-confinement ratio R see text is chosen as R=1.5. https://scispace.com/papers/buckling-analysis-of-partially-protected-cold-formed-steel-37wsv2cutg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-distributions-of-cfs-channel-section-2o697n0g.png Figure 1. Temperature distributions of CFS channel-section columns in fire. (a) CFS sketch (d = 200 mm, b = 75 mm, c = 20 mm, t = 2 mm, tb = 12.5 mm). (b) Temperature distribution calculated from FEA. (c) Assumed nonlinear temperature distribution. (d) Assumed linear temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-elastic-buckling-loads-of-a-cfs-1b4lvxrj.png Figure 4 Comparison of elastic buckling loads of a CFS column calculated by using uniform and non-uniform thermal bending. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relationship-between-py-t-and-py-to-under-non-2b0vu6ah.png Figure 9. Relationship between Py,T and Py,To. under non-uniform temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-elastic-buckling-loads-of-a-cfs-column-23j3tqxc.png Table 1 Comparison of elastic buckling loads of a CFS column under non-uniform temperature distributions with a maximum temperature of 300 °C (Unit: kN) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-critical-buckling-modes-of-the-cfs-column-under-a-k4osuppk.png Fig. 6 Critical buckling modes of the CFS column under a linear temperature distribution when T = 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pre-buckling-stress-distributions-of-a-channel-1474m96u.png Figure 3. Pre-buckling stress distributions of a channel-section column under nonlinear temperature distributions. (a)-(c) Stress distribution at the end section of the column. (d)-(f) Stress distribution at the middle section of the column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-local-buckling-modes-of-a-2-m-column-under-non-uniform-22i8h6gu.png Fig. 7 Local buckling modes of a 2 m column under non-uniform temperature distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pre-buckling-stress-distributions-of-a-channel-3dfjtz98.png Figure 2. Pre-buckling stress distributions of a channel-section column under linear temperature distributions. (a)-(c) Stress distribution at the end section of the column. (d)-(f) Stress distribution at the middle section of the column. https://scispace.com/papers/buckling-of-a-cantilever-plate-uniformly-loaded-in-its-plane-3163xam0ef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-normalized-deflection-function-w-wdx1-2iqj2ktf.png FIG. 4. Evolution of the normalized deflection function W wðx1; x2Þ=wðL; 0Þ to the buckling point as a function of the strain load e. Positive strain loads (e > 0): (a) x2 ¼ 0; (b) x2 ¼ 6b=2. Negative strain loads (e < 0): (c) x2 ¼ 0; (d) x2 ¼ 6b=2. Insets are normalized deflection functions in vicinity of the clamp. Values of ðb=hÞ2e shown in the insets are for zero load and the buckling loads; all values are (a) ðb=hÞ2e ¼ 0, 25.6, 38.5, 44.7, 52.3; (b) ðb=hÞ2e ¼ 0, 25.6, 38.5, 42.2, 44.5. Results for aspect ratio L/b¼ 25/6, width-to-thickness ratio b/h¼ 48, and Poisson’s ratio ¼ 0:25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-buckled-mode-shapes-w-wdx1-x2th-wdl-0th-for-2fu5u0pr.png FIG. 5. Normalized buckled mode shapes W wðx1; x2Þ=wðL; 0Þ for positive and negative strain loads e. Positive strain loads (e > 0): (a) mode shape near clamp (0 x1 b); (b) global mode shape (0 x1 L). Negative strain loads (e < 0): (c) mode shape near clamp (0 x1 b); (d) global mode shape (0 x1 L). Results given for L/b¼ 25/6, b/h¼ 48, and ¼ 0:25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-spatial-dimensions-l-b-and-h-material-properties-e-ex4h7e95.png TABLE I. Spatial dimensions (L, b, and h), material properties ( , E, and a), surface stress changes (rTs ), and temperature changes (DT) that will buckle silicon nitride and graphene cantilevers. The difference between the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, a, of the clamp substrate and cantilever material is used to calculate the temperature change [see Eq. (5)]; the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of silicon nitride, silicon, and graphene are, respectively, 3.2, 2.6, and 0:7 10 6=K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dependence-of-buckled-mode-shape-on-poissons-ratio-3i6commz.png FIG. 9. Dependence of buckled mode shape on Poisson’s ratio . Positive strain loads (e > 0): (a) ¼ 0; (b) ¼ 0:49. Negative strain loads (e < 0): (c) ¼ 0; (d) ¼ 0:49. Results given for L/b¼ 25/6 and b/h¼ 48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-cantilever-plate-showing-coordinate-2ogmssih.png FIG. 1. Schematic of (a) cantilever plate showing coordinate system and applied in-plane load. Origin of coordinate system is at center of mass of the clamped end of the cantilever plate. (b) Decomposition of original problem, shown in the x1-x2 plane. Cantilever is of length L, width b, and thickness h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-principal-in-plane-stress-distributions-for-l-b1-4-25-2k3zc4n6.png FIG. 6. Principal in-plane stress distributions for L/b¼ 25/6, b/h¼ 48, and ¼ 0:25. (a) Normalized principal stress N1 N1=ðeEhÞ for e > 0; this coincides with N2 N2=ðeEhÞ for e < 0. (b) Normalized principal stress N2 for e > 0; this coincides with N1 for e < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-difference-in-the-normalized-mechanical-pressure-p-for-1t64as1g.png FIG. 8. Difference in the normalized mechanical pressure P for ¼ 0 and ¼ 0:49, i.e., DP Pj ¼0 Pj ¼0:49. Results given for L/b¼ 25/6 and b/h¼ 48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-showing-connection-between-the-mechanical-nq1ssjxa.png FIG. 7. Results showing connection between the mechanical pressure and the buckled mode shapes for positive and negative strain loads; for L/b¼ 25/6, b/h¼ 48, and ¼ 0:25. (a) Normalized mechanical pressure P P=ðjejEhÞ for positive strain load e > 0. Normalized buckled mode shapes for (b) e > 0 and (c) e < 0. Buckled mode shapes are normalized by the displacements at the center of the cantilever free end, i.e., x1 ¼ L; x2 ¼ 0. https://scispace.com/papers/bucolome-a-potent-binding-inhibitor-for-furosemide-alters-2quwcc6hlm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-serum-protein-binding-of-furosemide-after-single-1m1rfymo.png FIG. 2. Serum protein binding of furosemide after single intravenous injection of furosemide to healthy volunteers, alone (A) and with bucolome (B). The serum-free fraction of furosemide was determined at 5, 10, and 15 min after single intravenous administration. Each column is the mean of three experiments S.D. , p 0.05 (A versus B); , p 0.01 (A versus B). Statistical analysis was performed by paired t test. https://scispace.com/papers/budget-active-learning-for-deep-networks-2p47qqto3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bal-conceptual-representation-ek1bdoh4.png Fig. 1. BAL conceptual representation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-datasets-used-in-this-work-22cwkz4m.png Table 1. Selected datasets used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deep-networks-models-comparison-on-imagenet-2kwgmys2.png Table 2. Deep Networks models comparison on ImageNet [?]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prediction-comparison-on-plant-seedling-v2-dataset-2p0d7v0u.png Fig. 4. Prediction comparison on plant-seedling-V2 dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-prediction-comparison-on-svhn-dataset-6tj12xg0.png Fig. 3. Prediction comparison on SVHN dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prediction-comparison-on-cifar10-dataset-2k3bio96.png Fig. 2. Prediction comparison on CIFAR10 dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/building-bridges-toward-alternative-theory-of-sustainable-5ux5hks3gq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sociological-framework-on-organizational-paradigms-2giw5vei.png FIGURE 1 Sociological Framework on Organizational Paradigms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-environmental-performance-in-the-extant-sscm-x9nk82q7.png TABLE 1 Environmental Performance in the extant SSCM Literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-four-paradigms-of-sustainability-3s4ikfak.png FIGURE 2 The Four Paradigms of Sustainability https://scispace.com/papers/building-a-certified-reduced-basis-for-coupled-thermo-hydro-fursa65vpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-error-level-in-the-entire-parametric-l2ko4keh.png Table 3 Maximum error level in the entire parametric training sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-of-greedy-based-strategy-to-the-prescribed-19flhlsw.png Fig. 6 Convergence of greedy-based strategy to the prescribed tolerance level, ∆max(µ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-error-in-the-entire-parametric-training-sample-3n45li8k.png Fig. 7 Error in the entire parametric training sample: displacement ‖ euu ‖ (top) and pressure ‖ ep p ‖ (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vertical-displacement-of-the-primal-problem-top-and-2ps1er90.png Fig. 4 Vertical displacement of the primal problem (top) and the corresponding adjoint solution (bottom) in the upper surface of the domain ΓTOP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-error-plot-verifying-j-t-u-p-l-tadj-uadj-padj-with-ygveuh6j.png Fig. 5 Error plot verifying J(T, u, p) = L(Tadj , uadj , padj) with respect to mesh refinement (top) and time step refinement (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3d-evolution-of-thermo-hydro-mechanical-properties-xv6hvy63.png Fig. 11 3D Evolution of thermo-hydro-mechanical properties after 6000 years https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-error-map-of-fe-and-rb-projected-coupled-thm-solution-2ew6f093.png Fig. 12 Error map of FE and RB-projected coupled THM solution. Error is expressed relative to the maximum field value of the FE solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-of-physical-parameters-of-the-coupled-thm-1rlhkxx2.png Table 1 Notation of physical parameters of the coupled THM system https://scispace.com/papers/building-partnership-capacity-for-the-collaborative-2fvxhaftep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contextual-factors-which-might-affect-msacs-3dq8pta5.png Figure 4 Contextual factors which might affect MSACs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-of-the-msac-case-studies-3oq1du6e.png Table 1 Attributes of the MSAC case studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-management-approaches-and-institutions-adopted-in-3p9lcp4d.png Table 2 Management approaches and institutions adopted in the MSAC case studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nested-levels-of-decision-making-interpreted-for-uk-ptoe9fi5.png Figure 1 Nested levels of decision making interpreted for UK MSACs (after Ostrom 1990) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-study-sites-and-conservation-features-ir6jp6ej.png Figure 2 Case study sites and conservation features https://scispace.com/papers/building-security-perimeters-to-protect-network-systems-4axfd7zn5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-authentication-process-used-to-draw-a-dynamic-2176ypyv.png FIGURE 3. The authentication process used to draw a dynamic perimeter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-overview-of-the-procedure-to-generate-a-simple-1534k982.png FIGURE 2. An overview of the procedure to generate a simple and dynamic perimeter. https://scispace.com/papers/bursting-bubbles-can-experiments-and-analogues-help-10j796rfu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measuring-co2-seepage-at-sites-in-daylesford-vic-2wsi27vs.png Figure 1 Measuring CO2 seepage at sites in Daylesford, Vic. Images from Jen Roberts (L) and Andrew Feitz (R). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-bubbles-escaping-the-sea-bed-at-the-7ihfbihi.png Figure 3 Examples of bubbles escaping the sea bed at the QICS project, Scotland. Images from Henrick Stahl https://www.bgs.ac.uk/qics/gallery.html https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-co2-seepage-in-italy-images-jen-roberts-3ndmspi5.png Figure 2 Examples of CO2 seepage in Italy. Images Jen Roberts. https://scispace.com/papers/buying-csr-with-employees-pensions-the-effect-of-social-2do79npxqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-1ob1wutp.png Figure 1 – Conceptual Model https://scispace.com/papers/bvvl-fl-features-caused-by-slc52a3-mutations-wdfy4-and-26wrakuwlo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-data-on-bvvl-probands-with-mutations-in-3c5z7xvi.png Table 1- Clinical data on BVVL probands with mutations in SLC52A3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-on-slc52a3-mutations-observed-in-seven-bvvl-fi3ac4y4.png Table 3- Data on SLC52A3 mutations observed in seven BVVL probands https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-data-on-bvvl-fl-probands-with-mutations-in-2yl3s37n.png Table 2- Clinical data on BVVL/FL probands with mutations in genes other than SLC52A3 or SLC52A2 https://scispace.com/papers/c-based-system-synthesis-of-real-time-video-processing-2wkd0lqo68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-system-integration-and-verification-1l2ggp65.png Figure 9. System integration and verification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-2-d-pixel-neighborhood-slides-over-the-input-3j0qq8nt.png Figure 1. A 2-D pixel neighborhood slides over the input frame in a progressive scan order. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-imem-model-of-a-video-processing-system-25q3hfgy.png Figure 2. IMEM model of a video processing system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-boundary-conditions-implementation-architecture-21ln4o3y.png Figure 4. Boundary conditions implementation architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-neighborhood-oriented-system-2esqouk3.png Figure 5. Neighborhood oriented system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-spatio-temporal-neighborhood-of-pixels-b-memory-sjryjf8o.png Figure 3. A: Spatio-temporal neighborhood of pixels. B: Memory architecture for a single image processing operation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-system-synthesis-workflow-386lcizn.png Figure 6. System synthesis workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-register-retiming-uhjva531.png Figure 7. Example of register retiming. https://scispace.com/papers/c-jun-n-terminal-kinase-mediates-constitutive-human-1pbz45740q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1l4zur06.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3e0saoup.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16zbjndl.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1sqom0x8.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3inc95dc.png Figure 6: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-26ydoqoo.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/papers/c-o-v-e-r-clinician-s-opinions-views-and-expectations-1q4kurzxck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-clinicians-consultants-and-20kwca7e.png Table 1. Demographics of the Clinicians (consultants and fellows) who participated in the study (n = 283) https://scispace.com/papers/ca2-inhibition-reduces-the-precision-of-hippocampal-assembly-1y62aj0gsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-temporal-precision-of-swr-associated-assembly-n937vm31.png Figure 3. The temporal precision of SWR-associated assembly reactivation is decreased in CA2 DREADD mice. a. Example of CA1 neuronal activity during a single lap on LT2 from a control mouse. The raster plot on top indicates the firing of 56 simultaneously recorded pyramidal cells. The colors represent individual cell assemblies (13 cell assembly overall). Spikes in black are shown for completeness but do not belong to any significantly detected cell assemblies. The expression strength of each cell assembly is shown on the bottom. The horizontal scale bar denotes 2 s (see Extended Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acute-silencing-of-ca2-pyramidal-cells-decreases-lenvllus.png Figure 1. Acute silencing of CA2 pyramidal cells decreases SWR power a. CA2-specific AAV-mediated mCherry expression in the Cacng5-Cre mouse. The lesion on the right side represents a CA2 recording site. b. Experimental design for assembly and replay analyses. c. Mean firing rate of pyramidal cells in the Pre- and Post-CNO session for control (filled; N=6 mice, 9 sessions) and DREADD (open; N=7 mice, 19 sessions) mice. A significant main effect of the session (F(1,234)=4.094, P=0.044) was found in CA2 only and post-hoc comparisons revealed a significant decrease in DREADD (pre>post, P=0.033) but not in control mice (pre vs. post, P=0.368). Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple-comparisons (see Extended Data Table 1 for detailed statistics). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-temporal-organization-of-spiking-during-swrs-is-1qminfzh.png Figure 2. The temporal organization of spiking during SWRs is disrupted following CA2 inhibition. a. (upper) Population averaged peri-SWRs z-scored firing rate curves (mean ± sem) and (lower) corresponding z-scored firing rate plots for all pyramidal cells recorded in each CA site for Control mice (CA1: N=120 cells; CA3: N=27 cells; CA2: N=33 cells). Cell IDs were matched between Pre- (firing rate plot, left panel) and Post-CNO (firing rate plot, right panel) session. b. Same as in a., but for DREADD mice (CA1: N=209 cells; CA3: N=93 cells; CA2: N=49 cells). Note a strong disruption of the firing pattern of CA2 PCs in the Post-CNO session. https://scispace.com/papers/cache-complexity-and-multicore-implementation-for-univariate-53yvvhtgto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timings-of-parris-for-chebychev-and-mignotte-2tggndo2.png Table 2. Timings of Parris for Chebychev and Mignotte polynomials (in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-timings-of-parris-for-random-polynomials-in-seconds-sxrorpk0.png Table 3. Timings of Parris for random polynomials (in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-illustration-for-implementing-the-blocking-3clhsrf7.png Figure 2. Case illustration for implementing the blocking strategy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timings-of-partaylorshift-in-seconds-2rxrxrzc.png Table 1. Timings of ParTaylorShift (in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-for-the-d-n-c-and-blocking-strategies-3v9gode4.png Figure 1. Illustration for the d-n-c and blocking strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-case-illustration-for-implementing-the-d-n-c-mj539u39.png Figure 4. Case illustration for implementing the d-n-c strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-key-sub-procedures-for-implementing-the-blocking-7qa6vudw.png Figure 3. Key sub-procedures for implementing the blocking strategy https://scispace.com/papers/calcium-carbonate-as-ikaite-crystals-in-antarctic-sea-ice-417nvu6geq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synchrotron-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-lattice-1zsbgig8.png Figure 3. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns (lattice spacing d vs. diffracted intensity, strongest peak normalized to 1000, intensity scales shifted for clarity) of (a) crystals isolated from an archived sea ice core in the home laboratory, (b) crystals isolated in the onboard laboratory and stored in 75% ethanol, (c) synthetic ikaite, and (d) line pattern with hkl reflections (JCPDS data base 75-1733, JCPD-International Centre for Diffraction Data (1999) PCPDFWIN v. 2.02.) from structure refinement data of ikaite from sea sediments in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica [Suess et al.,1982; Hesse et al., 1983]. Small amounts of calcite (cc) were detected in Figure 3b, probably from decomposition of ikaite. Line patterns for (e) calcite (CaCO3), (f) calcite magnesium, (g) dolomite ((Ca,Mg)CO3), and (h) aragonite (CaCO3) from the JCPDS database are added for comparison. The database numbers from Figures 3e–3h are 00-005-0586, 00-043-0697, 00-036- 0426, and 00-041-1475. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-ikaite-crystals-taken-from-a-single-3el02nwj.png Figure 2. Photograph of ikaite crystals taken from a single bulk sea ice sample showing various crystal shapes and sizes: a, idiomorphic; and b, shape of brine pockets or channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-the-concentration-of-ikaite-mass-ewsh5x7x.png Figure 1. Distribution of the concentration of ikaite mass with depth in sea ice. Numbers in legend denote day/month of collection in 2006 (the ice-snow interface is assigned to x = 0). https://scispace.com/papers/calculated-oscillation-periods-of-the-interlayer-coupling-in-2brym8aumu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fermi-surface-of-bulk-cr-along-theg2h-direction-k-the-1y2f7nlo.png FIG. 3. Fermi surface of bulk Cr along theG2H direction (k'). The lines indicate extremal spanning vectors. We show the F rmi surface in the bcc structure, but in the left half of the figure we also show the Fermi surface in the CsCl structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-bands-along-a-nesting-caliper-in-fe-and-cr-the-1zlakna4.png FIG. 6. Energy bands along a nesting caliper in Fe and Cr. The left panel shows the Fe spindown bands and the right panel the Fe spin-up bands. The middle panel shows the Cr bands. h1 has the coordinates, (2p/a)~0,0.25,0! andg1 the coordinates (2p/a)~0 ,0.25,1!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-magnetic-moment-and-charge-at-the-fe-mo-interface-2gh5uadh.png TABLE V. Magnetic moment and charge at the Fe/Mo interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-spectral-density-eq-8-for-ki5-2p-a-00-25-the-left-2cu195e0.png FIG. 16. The spectral density @Eq. ~8!# for ki5(2p/a)(0,0.25). The left~right! panel gives the spectral density for aMo (aFe) . The solid line gives the spectral density fori only running over the Mo layers, whereas the broken line gives the spectral density fori equal to the one Fe layer 3 ML away from the interface with Mo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-the-spectral-density-eq-8-at-the-fermi-energy-as-a-1ymjrb85.png FIG. 17. The spectral density@Eq. ~8!# at the Fermi energy as a function of the Mo spacer thickness forki5(2p/a)(0,0.25) for aFe. The different lines give the spectral density for differentki points, all of which give rise to a nesting caliper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-multiple-scattering-contribution-jscattering-and-160g3wmv.png FIG. 8. The multiple-scattering contribution Jscattering and the spin-density wave contribution JSDW as a function of the spacer thicknessdCr . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-magnetic-moment-of-crsdw-and-crpm-for-a-parallel-3nmc828l.png FIG. 9. Magnetic moment of CrSDW and CrPM for a parallel alignment~left graph! and an antiparallel alignment~right graph! of the Fe moments fordCr515 ML. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-calculated-interlayer-couplingj-for-afeas-a-function-u2uuhrh9.png FIG. 14. Calculated interlayer couplingJ for aFeas a function of the Mo spacer thickness. The solid curve gives the self-consistent results and the broken line is the result of the fitting procedure@Eq. ~5!#. https://scispace.com/papers/calculation-of-gamma-spectra-for-positron-annihilation-on-4b7zg9pz2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annihilation-g-spectra-for-a-h2-and-b-cf4-showing-2blni9tx.png Figure 3: Annihilation γ-spectra for (a) H2 and (b) CF4 showing the plane-wave calculation (thin solid line) and the effect of the atomic adjustment factors (thick solid line). Experimental data (circles) are two-Gaussian fits of the annihilation spectra from Ref. [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-momentum-dependent-adjustment-factor-of-atomic-3h0q06n7.png Figure 2: Momentum-dependent adjustment factor of atomic hydrogen calculated in the HF approximation (dashed line) and by MBPT (“exact”, solid line) using the method of [7,8]. https://scispace.com/papers/calibration-of-a-seawater-sound-velocimeter-1uyj0c9sw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-best-fit-parameters-for-the-calibration-equation-1jlpoiiv.png TABLE II BEST-FIT PARAMETERS FOR THE CALIBRATION EQUATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-single-upcast-with-the-ctd-showing-the-measured-3pmv3wzf.png Fig. 4. Single upcast with the CTD showing the measured temperature, calculated salinity, and calculated sound speed based on Del Grosso’s equation [7], [19]. The CTD was oriented with its sensors pointing toward the direction of travel. The circles denote water samples taken during later casts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-sound-speeds-with-pressure-for-a-down-1ypqcir8.png Fig. 5. Comparison of sound speeds with pressure for a down cast of the CTD and sound velocimeter. The sound-speed residual is equal to the sound velocimeter sound speed minus the CTD-derived sound speed. The velocimeter sound head was located 30 cm below the CTD sensors and pointed toward the direction of travel. Note the linear divergence with increasing pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ctd-and-sound-velocimeter-show-0-05-m-s-agreement-3lu8czn5.png Fig. 6. CTD and sound velocimeter show 0.05 m/s agreement after removal of a constant offset and a pressure-dependent trend from the data in Fig. 5. Note the scale change from Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-photograph-of-sound-velocimeter-showing-titanium-josgsis7.png Fig. 1. (a) Photograph of sound velocimeter showing titanium pressure case and transducer assembly, or sound head, purchased from Applied Microsystems, Ltd. Black scale bar is 30.5 cm. (b) Exploded view of the sound head, including the PZT transducer (2-mm-thick, 9.52-mm-diameter) and a stainless steel reflector (1.5-mm-thick) and standoff (6-mm-dia., 8.9-mm-long) held in place by three Invar rods (6.4-mm-dia., 110-mm-long). The combination of Invar and stainless steel is designed to reduce the effective coefficient of thermal expansion of the sound path to 5.5 10 per C [10]. The conical mask was used to eliminate multipath effects. The two-way pathlength was approximately 20 cm. Black scale bar is 10 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-sound-velocimeter-electronics-and-22eauqph.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of sound velocimeter electronics and sound path. The carrier frequency of the pulse generated at the PZT transducer is defined by a VCO. The pulse travels through the water, reflects, and is received by the same transducer. The device determines the integral number of cycles of the free-running VCO between the transmitted pulse and received echo, and adjusts the frequency of the VCO and transmitted pulse until the received echo and VCO are inphase. The VCO frequency is precisely measured by a 10-MHz oscillator. The travel time is the number of cycles of the VCO between the outgoing and incoming pulses divided by the VCO frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calibration-tank-the-sound-velocimeter-was-calibrated-6v9ex2ol.png Fig. 3. Calibration tank. The sound velocimeter was calibrated in a seawater bath (salinity 33.95) at controlled temperature (2, 7.2, 11.7, and 18 C) and atmospheric pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/calibration-of-efosc2-broadband-linear-imaging-polarimetry-gq3sqe06tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-insides-of-efosc2-mounted-on-the-nasmyth-focus-2s4vujs8.png Figure 1. The insides of EFOSC2, mounted on the Nasmyth focus of the NTT. Light enters from the right, the camera is on the left. In between, the two wheels containing filters and grisms can be seen, the finger points at theWollaston element that was used for the EFOSC2 imaging polarimetry in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-detector-angle-offset-and-multiplication-factor-16hdaet0.png Table 4. Detector angle offset and multiplication factor results from theMCMCcode, for theB,R, andVfilters. Errors quoted are 1σ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-projection-of-the-normalised-probability-2575sq55.png Figure 3. Projection of the normalised probability distributions for the detector offset angle φoffset and multiplication factor (MF), from the MCMC analysis, for the V-band dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-stars-observed-in-the-2016-observing-run-oc2ecpfg.png Table 1. Standard stars observed in the 2016 observing run. All standards were observed in B, V, and R bands. Object names in italic font identify the polarised standards, the other objects are zero-polarisation standard stars. The adopted Stokes q and u values for the polarised standards (second and third column of this table) are taken from Fossati et al. (2007). We also list the uncertainties given by Fossati et al. (2007) on their q, u measurements for these stars. For the unpolarised standards, we adopt q = u = 0 for all three bands; see Sections 3.1 and 3.2 for a discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shown-in-red-are-the-zero-polarisation-standard-r3zxm1tt.png Figure 4. Shown in red are the zero-polarisation standard star datapoints, in instrumental coordinates, from our programme; in grey and white are the data points from Heidt & Nilsson (2011). The thin red line is a cosine fit to our data, to make it easier to see the difference between the data from 2016 and those from 2008 and 2009. A significant change in amplitude can easily be seen, a small phase shift may also be present. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-full-log-of-unpolarised-standard-star-observations-3hdlkiut.png Table 2. Full log of unpolarised standard star observations used in this document. q, u values are the measured instrumental values in the EFOSC2 coordinate system. ‘mid’ denotes the value at the middle of the polarimetric sequence of four exposures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-full-log-of-polarised-standard-star-observations-1mn1ced4.png Table 3. Full log of polarised standard star observations used in this document. q, u values are the measured instrumental values in the EFOSC2 coordinate system. ‘mid’denotes the value at the middle of the polarimetric sequence of four exposures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-measured-q-u-values-in-b-v-and-r-bands-of-3e02uods.png Figure 2. The measured q, u values in B, V, and R bands of unpolarised standards (circles) and polarised standards (triangles, stars) are shown as a function of parallactic angle (PA) in the top two windows. The solid lines show the best fitting B, V, and R polarimetric Mueller matrix model solutions; the dashed lines show the same solution around the polarised stars values (using shorter lines to keep the plot legible). The bottom two windows show the residuals for q, u in B, V, and R bands. The average V band residuals of the q and u fits are calculated to be ∼0.06%, with similar values for B and R bands. https://scispace.com/papers/call-me-fei-chinese-speaking-students-decision-whether-or-3wcfwaevxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-32n066zt.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/calling-it-quits-legislative-retirements-in-comparative-39r4mdif1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-about-here-13twakwb.png Table 3 about here https://scispace.com/papers/campaign-finance-transparency-affects-legislators-election-xjtckydm75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2sls-analyses-incumbents-with-campaign-finance-ai8ymdzi.png Table 6: 2SLS Analyses: Incumbents with Campaign Finance Violations Were More Likely to Retire (Random Audited variable is instrument) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-permutation-test-results-for-audits-effects-on-107b3afy.png Figure 1: Permutation Test Results for Audits’ Effects on General Election Vote Shares for Incumbents (Non-South), from Model 2 in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-the-effect-of-audits-and-violations-on-1avgeuip.png Figure 2, continued: The Effect of Audits and Violations on Legislator Behavior Figure 2c (top panel): Retirements (higher values = more likely to retire); Figure 2d (bottom panel): Number of trips to home district (higher values = more trips) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2sls-analyses-incumbents-with-campaign-finance-1q0usb6d.png Table 2: 2SLS Analyses: Incumbents with Campaign Finance Violations Had Large Decreases in General Election Vote Shares (Random Audited variable is instrument) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-3-permutation-test-results-for-audits-effects-on-35vyshs6.png Figure I.3: Permutation Test Results for Audits’ Effects on Legislators’ Travel Back to their Districts, Among Incumbents (Non-South), from Model 1 in Table 7. We conducted 10,000 permutations of the regression in Model 1 in Table 7, plotting the density of the coefficient on Audited, which includes only audited incumbents from outside the south. Like the FEC, we assigned our permutated treatment with Pr(audit) = 0.1. The shaded region covers the 2.5th quantile to the 97.5th quantile of the coefficients from the resampled estimates. The vertical line is the observed coefficient for Audited in Model 1, Table 7. These https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-2-permutation-test-results-for-audits-effects-on-lt9fv7dm.png Figure I.3: Permutation Test Results for Audits’ Effects on Legislators’ Travel Back to their Districts, Among Incumbents (Non-South), from Model 1 in Table 7. We conducted 10,000 permutations of the regression in Model 1 in Table 7, plotting the density of the coefficient on Audited, which includes only audited incumbents from outside the south. Like the FEC, we assigned our permutated treatment with Pr(audit) = 0.1. The shaded region covers the 2.5th quantile to the 97.5th quantile of the coefficients from the resampled estimates. The vertical line is the observed coefficient for Audited in Model 1, Table 7. These https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-audited-incumbents-are-more-likely-to-retire-10gwmyq6.png Table 5: Audited Incumbents Are More Likely to Retire Dependent variable: Retired https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-primary-election-effects-higher-values-more-18o9j77a.png Figure 2, continued: The Effect of Audits and Violations on Legislator Behavior Figure 2c (top panel): Retirements (higher values = more likely to retire); Figure 2d (bottom panel): Number of trips to home district (higher values = more trips) https://scispace.com/papers/campus-level-use-of-evidence-lessons-from-excellence-in-2liys6935t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eia-2017-evaluation-rubric-use-of-campus-level-10and8aw.png Figure 1. EIA 2017 Evaluation Rubric: Use of Campus-level Evidence of Student Learning https://scispace.com/papers/can-enforcement-backfire-crime-displacement-in-the-context-1702a3nyej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fraction-of-total-imports-entering-in-shipments-hj93m3j6.png Figure 4: Fraction of total imports entering in shipments valued below $500 (November 1988 – February 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fraction-of-total-imports-entering-in-shipments-1syu6jyz.png Figure 3: Fraction of total imports entering in shipments valued between $500 and $2,500 (November 1988 – February 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-major-product-groups-fhg8itf7.png Table 3: Characteristics of major product groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-total-imports-entering-in-shipments-36cp3j56.png Figure 2: Fraction of total imports entering in shipments valued between $2,500 and $5,000 (November 1988 – February 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-displacement-of-treatment-country-imports-to-14ec9loh.png Table 2: Displacement of treatment-country imports to alternative duty-avoidance methods (Weighted least squares estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heterogeneity-in-impact-of-increased-enforcement-on-iibyeavl.png Table 4: Heterogeneity in impact of increased enforcement on treatment-country imports (Weighted least squares estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-implications-of-minimum-value-threshold-reduction-2lpxqabn.png Table 5: Implications of minimum value threshold reduction for Philippine customs revenue https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-philippine-imports-by-shipment-type-and-country-20krdezd.png Table 1: Philippine imports by shipment type and country group https://scispace.com/papers/can-information-influence-the-social-insurance-participation-c9hpxql6ka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-additional-sensitivity-tests-27avszf5.png Table 9: Additional Sensitivity Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rates-of-participation-in-urban-employee-health-afahg690.png Figure 1: Rates of Participation in Urban Employee Health Insurance and Pension Programs among China’s Rural Migrants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-estimation-of-treatment-effects-with-relative-pw3d8kw7.png Table 4: OLS Estimation of Treatment Effects with Relative Premium Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-actual-and-intended-participation-over-2tzuxv94.png Figure 4: Change in Actual and Intended Participation Over Survey Months https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ln-wage-regression-results-for-pension-eligible-and-3acee60h.png Table 3: ln(Wage) Regression Results for Pension Eligible and Non-Eligible Wage Earners https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-treatment-on-the-treated-iv-results-oomdr1my.png Table 5: Effect of Treatment on the Treated (IV Results) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-how-does-the-city-level-information-treatment-2kyko1ih.png Figure 2: How Does the City-Level Information Treatment Effect Vary with Relative Premiums? https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correcting-for-potential-attrition-bias-3dgmfisb.png Table 6: Correcting for Potential Attrition Bias https://scispace.com/papers/can-npi-a-curated-open-dataset-of-canadian-non-655uenx2od 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-15-categories-of-npis-by-count-with-descriptive-1hhcdetj.png Table 1: Top 15 categories of NPIs by count with descriptive examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-timeline-of-non-pharmaceutical-interventions-2l17m45v.png Figure 2. a) Timeline of non-pharmaceutical interventions recorded across Canada in response to the COVID-19 epidemic b) Counts of unique non-pharmaceutical intervention categories recorded for each Canadian region (left) and subregion (right) in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, n=1640 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-in-time-to-intervention-by-canadian-t7m3rbcf.png Figure 4: Variation in time-to-intervention by Canadian province / territory for two major NPIs—declaration of state of emergency and school closure— shown relative to two descriptors of the local COVID-19 outbreak, dates of first case and first death in each region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-government-response-stringency-index-in-canada-by-13vkye9y.png Figure 3: Government Response Stringency Index in Canada by province and territory over time shows temporally increasing stringency with geographic variation (Stringency Index calculated in line with OxCGRT methods (Supplementary Material Table S3)), n=675 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-data-collection-and-validation-process-154aj9g7.png Figure 1. Overview of data collection and validation process for the CAN-NPI dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/can-we-predict-dependencies-using-domain-information-5aslr37b4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-high-level-architectural-analysis-reveals-that-2bdga3rf.png Fig. 1: A high level architectural analysis reveals that ADEMPIERE is a highly complex Java system built and dependent on the older Compiere core. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-prediction-results-using-em-clustering-mjmlkw0t.png TABLE II: Prediction Results Using EM Clustering https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-prediction-results-2aho3763.png TABLE I: Prediction Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-improving-precision-and-changes-in-recall-and-accuracy-3vd3kfyc.png Fig. 8: Improving precision and changes in recall and accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adempiere-vendor-details-27op8nkx.png Fig. 2: ADEMPIERE: Vendor Details https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-source-code-elements-and-relations-among-them-3niboqlp.png Fig. 4: Source code elements and relations among them. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-database-table-with-the-foreign-key-relation-3fitao0m.png Fig. 5: Database table with the foreign key relation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationships-between-software-elements-3u88ev3b.png Fig. 6: Relationships between software elements https://scispace.com/papers/can-wind-farms-in-inner-mongolia-affect-the-air-quality-in-4l2g2s01vi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radarsat-2-intensity-map-of-the-southern-north-sea-29oux4wv.png Figure 1. RADARSAT-2 intensity map of the southern North Sea observed April 30, 2013, at 17:41 UTC; the blue lines indicate wind farms and the red arrows show the path of the wind farm wake (Hasager et al. [2015]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-wind-direction-and-beijings-pm-3i840t5j.png Figure 5. Relationship between wind direction and Beijing’s PM 2.5 levels, reprinted from Beam (2015), attributed to Greenpeace’s Lauri Myllyvirta https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plan-view-left-and-vertical-slice-right-of-the-wind-29o30e9t.png Figure 2. Plan view (left) and vertical slice (right) of the wind farm wake wind speed deficit from a 500-MW wind farm during nocturnal hours (Fitch et al. [2013a]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-difference-in-80-m-wind-speed-from-a-wrf-simulation-3fg6g9ht.png Figure 3. Difference in 80-m wind speed from a WRF simulation with and without a wind farm. Turbines are represented by cyan circles in the center of the domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-wintertime-djf-differences-in-10-m-winds-m-s-1-ezhtffql.png Figure 4. Mean wintertime (DJF) differences in 10-m winds (m s-1) between the simulations with and without 220 GW of wind deployment in Europe; regions with a 95% confidence level of the differences are indicated by dots (Vautard et al. [2014]) https://scispace.com/papers/cancer-sigvar-a-semi-automated-interpretation-tool-for-589e2pm4fb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-illustration-of-automated-interpretation-of-3i2u9z35.png Table 1. Illustration of Automated Interpretation of Pathogenic and Benign Variants Annotated in ClinVar https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustration-of-automated-interpretation-of-2woz75qg.png Table 2. Illustration of Automated Interpretation of Pathogenic and Benign Variants Annotated in CLINVITAE https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-variant-interpretation-consistent-with-1jvat6lw.png Table 4. Comparison of Variant Interpretation consistent with China Institutes database by Automatic and Manual Adjusted of Cancer SIGVAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-variant-automated-interpretation-27vphc2p.png Table 3. Comparison of Variant Automated Interpretation consistent with ClinVar by InterVar and Cancer SIGVAR https://scispace.com/papers/cancer-biology-and-the-nuclear-envelope-a-convoluted-njky5t43yp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2rgoenzl.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2btu1j0f.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1115gcxx.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3vny8o5d.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2c6y8kgu.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/candelabra-systems-and-designs-1vdsc631qf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-shows-a-candelabra-system-for-the-3-and-a-1-case-3jwgh4ua.png Figure 1.4 shows a candelabra (-system for the ( = 3 and A = 1 case. The shape of the figure justifies the nam e "candelabra". The do ts represent all the three different types of 3-sets satisfying property 5 of the definition. We indicated three different types of blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-fano-plane-3dtaboao.png Figure 1.1: Fano plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-g-roup-divisible-design-25llpvyb.png Figure 2.1: G roup divisible (-design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-l-a-ttice-group-divisible-t-design-32jd3cx3.png Figure 4.1: L a ttice group divisible t-design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-construction-of-a-candelabra-system-from-a-2zk7pzxi.png Figure 3.1: The construction of a candelabra system from a Steiner (-design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-lattice-candelabra-t-system-35zbr457.png Figure 4.2: Lattice candelabra t-system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-transversal-design-3uq5e6ec.png Figure 2 .2 : Transversal (-design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-transversal-i-design-1ob4wvmg.png Figure 1.3: Transversal i-design https://scispace.com/papers/canisome-the-protein-signatures-of-canis-lupus-familiaris-47hvp4hivo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1q1c9s37.png Figure 5 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1555zq1e.png Figure 6 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-2etqk051.png Figure 1 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-click-here-to-download-table-table3-xlsx-2h98d0c1.png Table 3 Click here to download Table: Table3.xlsx https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3isb8evv.png Figure 2 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1mr2nu3y.png Figure 3 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-click-here-to-download-table-table2-xlsx-2eutzgrd.png Table 2 Click here to download Table: Table2.xlsx https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3nmp6o2j.png Figure 4 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/papers/capacitive-body-coupled-communication-in-the-400-500-mhz-50tytgzmqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-shows-the-measured-channel-losses-at-450-mhz-as-a-25up2jey.png Fig. 14 shows the measured channel losses at 450 MHz as a function of distance along the arm of the subject. The baseline channel loss at 5 cm L0 is -47 dB, while the loss at the transition point L1=-55 dB. The fit resulted in two distinctly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shows-the-model-of-the-studied-electrodes-the-1rhobph6.png Fig. 4 shows the model of the studied electrodes. The dielectric properties assigned to the different layers were taken from software Ansoft HFSS. The model consisted out of a 2 x 2 cm2 FR4 (Relative permittivity=4.4, Relative Permeability=1 Bulk conductivity=0 S/m) board substrate, 1.6 mm thick, covered by a 35 µm copper (Relative permittivity=1, Relative Permeability=0.99, Bulk conductivity=5.8·107 S/m) layer on one side. On the other face, a stainless steel (Relative permittivity=1, Relative Permeability=1, Bulk conductivity=1.1· 106 S/m) snap connector with a diameter of 12 mm and 1 mm in height was glued. The snap was connected to the central conductor of a side-mounted SMA connector modeled in brass (Relative permittivity=1, Relative Permeability=1, Bulk conductivity=1.5 · 107 S/m), while the connectors ground pads were connected to the copper layer on top of the FR4 board. The SMA and the snap were connected together with a copper wire of 0.8 mm in diameter. The female snap connector was connected to its male counterpart (also modeled as stainless steel). This male snap connector was in its turn connected to a wet electrode (modeled from a standard pre-gelled disposable medical electrode from Covidien: Kendall Arbo H124SH [21]) which was modeled as a conductive dielectric with properties and water (Relative permittivity=81, Relative Permeability=0.99, Bulk conductivity=0.01 S/m). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comaprison-with-the-state-of-the-art-3qkiao1w.png Table 2. Comaprison with the State of the Art. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-channel-loss-parameters-2lpgq9tv.png Table 1. Channel loss parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-shows-the-received-signal-strength-indicator-rssi-elhqcl2t.png Fig. 15 shows the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) while performing onbody measurements for multiple distances over the frequency range of interest. In this case, the RSSI could be seen as a channel loss since the Tx board was set to transmit at 0 dBm. https://scispace.com/papers/capacity-analysis-of-plc-over-rayleigh-fading-channels-with-lkxbk496wi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-3llpco30.png TABLE I: Simulation Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-outage-capacity-versus-input-power-per-unit-bandwidth-3bpuuedy.png Fig. 5: Outage capacity versus input power per unit bandwidth in the measured residential scenario, the transmission distance is 200 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ergodic-capacity-versus-input-power-per-unit-bandwidth-1zvexjct.png Fig. 1: Ergodic capacity versus input power per unit bandwidth with different transmission lengths, the carrier frequency is 20 MHz. 60 80 180 200100 120 140 160 Transmission distance, D (m) https://scispace.com/papers/capacity-and-error-performance-verification-of-multi-antenna-5f95yk7vs3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shows-the-uplink-experiment-modification-to-the-setup-e5y85wgy.png Fig. 4 The uplink experimental setup for 1x2 SIMO over Fiber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evm-of-downlink-and-uplink-signal-transmitted-from-the-1a5u1zns.png Fig 5. EVM of downlink and uplink signal transmitted from the RAU as the transmit power is increased to determine the optimum transmit power for measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ser-and-evm-of-downlink-2x2-mimo-measured-at-inter-rau-20weu24k.png Fig. 8. SER and EVM of downlink 2x2 MIMO measured at inter-RAU distance of 0.3m and 4m at different positions compared to SISO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ser-and-evm-of-uplink-1x2-simo-measured-at-inter-rau-35v968ki.png Fig. 6. SER and EVM of uplink 1x2 SIMO measured at inter-RAU distance of 0.3m and 4m at different positions compared to SISO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-capacity-and-mer-of-downlink-2x2-mimo-measured-at-39dy16yp.png Fig. 12. Capacity and MER of downlink 2x2 MIMO measured at interRAU distance of 0.3m and 4m at different positions compared to SISO ! ! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-capacity-and-mer-of-downlink-2x1-miso-measured-at-1v375h1t.png Fig. 10. Capacity and MER of downlink 2x1 MISO measured at interRAU distance of 0.3m and 4m at different positions compared to SISO https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ofdm-signal-parameters-28rw4r7e.png TABLE I OFDM SIGNAL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-downlink-experimental-setup-for-2x2-mimo-over-2na6suxt.png Fig. 2 The downlink Experimental setup for 2x2 MIMO over Fiber. PD=Photodetector, LD=laser diode, RAU=Remote antenna unit https://scispace.com/papers/capacity-for-half-duplex-line-networks-with-two-sources-wql21zdu44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-capacity-region-11-is-given-by-the-solid-curve-the-3dkitqpv.png Fig. 2. Capacity region (11) is given by the solid curve. The time-sharing region is bounded by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-noiseless-relay-cascade-with-two-sources-the-link-oovyck5r.png Fig. 1. A noiseless relay cascade with two sources. The link model is illustrated by means of feedback. If relay 1 is transmitting, the switch is in position 1 otherwise in position 2. https://scispace.com/papers/capillary-electrophoresis-for-evaluating-orange-juice-1kj1f4d67k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ratio-between-acids-for-all-analyzed-samples-19j9digc.png Table 2. Ratio Between Acids for All Analyzed Samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-values-for-isocitric-malic-tartaric-and-1y226929.png Table 1. Individual Values for Isocitric, Malic, Tartaric, and Citric Acids in Different Juices https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-confidence-intervals-described-in-the-2bhokz1c.png Table 3. Mean Values ( Confidence Intervals Described in the Bibliography for Different Samples of Different Origins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-top-to-bottom-electropherograms-a-standard-takgfvqt.png Figure 1. From top to bottom, electropherograms: a standard solution; just-pressed Navelina oranges, which provide the typical orange juice organic acids profile; commercial orange juice non adulterated and adulterated, respectively. Adulteration can be seen by mean of the drop of isocitric amount and the presence of tartaric acid. Peaks assignment: 1, isocitrate; 2, malate; 3, tartrate; and 4, citrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequencies-distribution-plot-cut-by-months-for-3rwmetmw.png Figure 2. Frequencies distribution plot, cut by months, for Navelina studied population. Results follow a normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk’s test, p value ) 0.13 for R ) 0.1 as significance level). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-and-whisker-plot-for-navelina-studied-n00ik2sb.png Figure 3. Box-and-whisker plot for Navelina studied population. The box contains the 50% of the population, and whiskers mark both highest and lowest non influentialvalues. The superposed letters correspond to the values of several commercial orange juices as described in text. https://scispace.com/papers/capillary-transport-in-particulate-porous-media-at-low-4dqlvlcl83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-of-the-liquids-and-the-surface-2f0zpqxj.png Table III. Parameters of the liquids and the surface roughness grooves: liquid viscosity µ at 20◦ C , surface tension γ at 25◦ C, static contact angle θc on smooth and rough surfaces, critical groove opening angle θ m R of the morphology transition, critical groove opening angle θcR calculated from (14) at p = pf , Table II, capillary pressure at the moving front calculated assuming either a smooth psf or a rough surface p r f , and the surface roughness average amplitude δ̄R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-spreading-of-tcp-tehp-and-tbp-liquid-drops-vd-6mm-27mtn17f.png Figure 17. Spreading of TCP, TEHP and TBP liquid drops (VD = 6mm 3) in R = 0.25mm sand (R = 0.26mm for TCP liquid). Comparison between experimental data and simulations using superfast di usion model (54) with initial distribution of saturation given by (57). Normalised wet volume V φ/VD (inverse average saturation s̄ −1) as a function of the reduced time t/t0, where t0 = L 2 0/Df for experimental data and the numerical results were scaled by t0 = L 2 0/D e 0. Experimental data are shown by symbols and simulations are presented by the solid lines. Parameters of the simulations and the tting are summarized in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-spreading-tcp-liquid-drops-vd-6mm-3-in-sands-with-1iikdcw7.png Figure 18. Spreading TCP liquid drops (VD = 6mm 3) in sands with di erent grain radii R = 0.14, 0.20 and 0.32mm. Comparison between experimental data and simulations using superfast di usion model model (54) with initial distribution of saturation given by (57). Normalised wet volume V φ/VD (inverse average saturation s̄−1) as a function of the reduced time t/t0, where t0 = L20/Df for experimental data and the numerical results were scaled by t0 = L 2 0/D e 0. Experimental data are shown by symbols and simulations are presented by solid lines. Parameters of the simulations and the tting are summarized in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-isolated-bridges-at-low-levels-of-1o0lu3v1.png Figure 1. Illustration of isolated bridges at low levels of saturation. (a) Micro-x-ray computer tomography (MicroXCT) image, typical from our experiments. (b) 3D image reconstruction of MicroXCT data. The liquid within the grain roughness is invisible to MicroXCT, since resolution is limited to a few micrometres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reduced-capillary-bridge-pressure-p-p0-in-the-case-1w6zpofs.png Figure 8. Reduced capillary bridge pressure p/p0 in the case of two identical solid spheres in contact (zero separation distance) as a function of the reduced bridge volume VBR −3 at di erent contact angles θc. Symbols indicate exact solutions from [8] and the solid line is the t p/p0 = C0 − C1(VB R−3)−1/2 at C0 = 3.7, C1 = 1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-channels-in-te-on-diameter-of-the-hemicylinder-dc-6-gh3ao20b.png Figure 6. Channels in Te on (diameter of the hemicylinder dc = 6.15mm) lled in by the standard Ottawa sand (R ≈ 0.25mm) before depositing VD = 3mm 3 liquid drops. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spreading-tcp-tehp-and-tbp-liquid-drops-vd-3mm-3-in-3tc7fpzq.png Figure 7. Spreading TCP, TEHP and TBP liquid drops (VD = 3mm 3) in sands with R = 0.25mm in onedimensional geometry, as in Fig. 6. Comparison between experimental data and simulations using superfast di usion model model (54) with initial distribution of saturation given by (60). Normalised wet volume V φ/VD (inverse average saturation s̄−1) as a function of the reduced time t/t0, where t0 = L 2 0/Df for experimental data and the numerical results were scaled by t0 = L 2 0/D e 0. Experimental data are shown by symbols and simulation is presented by the solid line. Parameters of the simulations and the tting are summarized in Table II. The dashed line (brown) is the t V φ/VD = A+B(t/t0) 0.5 at A ≈ 8.5 and B ≈ 340. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-illustration-of-the-model-groove-geometry-with-an-fp87nlug.png Figure 9. Illustration of the model groove geometry with an opening angle θR and a contact angle θc used in the analysis of κ0 and s0. In the illustration, the groove is not fully lled in. The liquid lament cross-section area SW is shown with the free surface at the capillary pressure p = −γ/δP . A fully lled-in groove at a di erent pressure is illustrated by the pinned interface shown by a dashed line, surface area SF . https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-14-geochemistry-at-the-savannah-river-site-b21sps505b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percent-of-anion-sorbed-by-the-clayey-sediment-and-264ru3tj.png Figure 7. Percent of anion sorbed by the clayey sediment and the 36-year-old concrete during the desorption experiment. About 0.01M anion solution was added of each anion. The negative phosphate values indicate that some phosphate was desorbed from the solid phases upon adding phosphate to the suspensions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-sample-descriptions-experimental-conditions-and-o6egbj36.png Table A-1. Sample descriptions, experimental conditions and raw data for 14C sorption and desorption experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percent-of-14c-added-as-na2-14co3-sorbed-to-36-year-111z1rfx.png Figure 4. Percent of 14C, added as Na2 14CO3, sorbed to 36-year-old concrete as a function of time with a particle concentration of 8.3 mg/L. Each data point represents the average of replicate measurements (except for time = 180 days, n = 1) and the error bar is propagated counting uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percent-of-14c-added-as-na2-14co3-sorbed-to-sand-25dk47u7.png Figure 3. Percent of 14C, added as Na2 14CO3, sorbed to sand particles as a function of time with a particle concentration of 83.3 mg/L. Each data point represents the average of replicate measurements and the error bar is propagated counting uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kd-ml-g-data-for-14c-on-different-solids-as-a-36rf48d4.png Table 1. Kd (mL/g) data for 14C on different solids as a function of time (from Allard et. al, 1981) where h= hour, d = day, w = week and m = month. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percent-of-14c-added-as-na2-14co3-sorbed-to-clay-22n3vikt.png Figure 2. Percent of 14C, added as Na2 14CO3, sorbed to clay particles as a function of time with a particle concentration of 83.3 mg/L. Each data point represents the average of replicate measurements (except for time = 180 days, n = 1) and the error bar represents propagated counting uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-desorption-experiment-37tbjb8z.png Table A-2. Desorption Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reducing-grout-formulation-a-3izms9pi.png Table 4. Reducing grout formulation. a https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-dynamics-on-the-molybdenum-carbide-surface-during-41izmw35cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tem-image-of-a-used-mo2c-catalyst-inset-saed-of-the-qg1ex87r.png Figure 4. TEM image of a used Mo2C catalyst. Inset: SAED of the selected area showing the α-MoC1-x phase reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-propane-reactivity-over-mo2c-type-1-alkyl-thf8cvqq.png Figure 7. Propane reactivity over Mo2C. Type 1 = alkyl-recombinative site; Type 2 = dehydrogenation site; Type 3 = weak hydrogenolysis site; Type 4 = strong hydrogenolysis site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-profiles-of-undoped-b-mo2c-in-propane-dh-iq1460pd.png Figure 1. Reaction profiles of undoped β-Mo2C in propane DH (C3H8/H2/N2 = 1:2:1). Inset: XRD pattern of used sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quasi-in-situ-raman-analysis-of-d-and-g-band-3kbcm4v5.png Figure 2. Quasi in-situ Raman analysis of D- and G-band evolution from carbon deposition during coke deposition at 500°C (C3H8/H2/N2 = 20/55/25). Bottom and top spectra show the ex-situ characterization of as-prepared β-Mo2C and after use in propane DH at 550°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conversions-x-and-propylene-selectivities-s-of-mo2c-2dxdtv61.png Table 1. Conversions (X) and propylene selectivities (S) of Mo2C in propane DH depending on addition of potential oxidizing agents.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tprc-profile-of-h-moo3-in-c3h8-h2-n2-25-55-20-inset-3f4nx3jn.png Figure 3. TPRC profile of h-MoO3 in C3H8/H2/N2 = 25/55/20. Inset: XRD pattern of the resulting carbide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-situ-xps-analysis-stacked-area-plot-of-mo-3qg85de9.png Figure 5. In situ XPS analysis: stacked area plot of Mo oxidation states overlaid with relative product distribution of propane DH in C3H8/H2/He (2:1:1) at 500°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physicochemical-properties-and-catalytic-performance-38y0dgkf.png Table 2. Physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of Mo/V carbides. https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-emission-imbalances-and-the-structural-paths-of-3nkb71zi47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-production-based-carbon-emissions-in-different-2ly66cnd.png Figure 4. Production-based carbon emissions in different tiers (Unit: Mt CO2); Each row of the figure represents a Chinese region. The North and Central regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-production-based-and-consumption-based-carbon-3ng0n70j.png Figure 1. Production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions in 2007 and 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-consumption-based-carbon-emissions-in-different-32g81d73.png Figure 5. Consumption-based carbon emissions in different tiers (Unit: Mt CO2); The arrangement pattern is the same as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cii-and-per-capita-consumption-based-carbon-27bgx43v.png Figure 3. CII and per capita consumption-based carbon emissions in 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-price-efficiency-lock-in-and-path-dependence-in-urban-1fzaqt5nzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-commuting-related-emission-levels-for-an-increasing-14wbyy2u.png Figure 1 : Commuting-related emission levels for an increasing carbon tax, with and without public transport in 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relative-impact-of-carbon-taxes-on-commuting-294av3s3.png Figure 2 : The relative impact of carbon taxes on commuting-related emission levels in 2020 for scenarios with and without public transport. When the horizontal red dashed line crosses the blue and green curves we can read on the xaxis the carbon tax starting values that must be implemented in 2012 to achieve a 6% reduction in CO2 emissions (65€/tCO2 and 115 €/tCO2 respectively with and without public transport). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-short-and-long-term-elasticity-estimates-for-fuel-1j6fzflx.png Table 3: Short- and long-term elasticity estimates for fuel and car travel demand, based on literature surveys by Graham and Glaister (2004) and Goodwin et al. (2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contributions-of-different-channels-towards-a-co2-2nigx4tr.png Figure 4: Contributions of different channels towards a CO2 emission decrease with a 200€/tCO2 tax with public transport. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contributions-of-different-channels-towards-a-co2-3g43hf7l.png Figure 5: Contributions of different channels towards a CO2 emission decrease with a 200€/tCO2 tax without public transport. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuel-price-elasticities-of-emissions-depending-on-2om2k4mr.png Table 1: Fuel price elasticities of emissions depending on the level of carbon tax and the presence or absence of a public transit system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-carbon-taxes-on-commuting-related-34dcuevg.png Figure 3: The impact of carbon taxes on commuting-related emission levels in 2050 for scenarios with and without public transport. When the horizontal red dashed line crosses the blue and green curves we can read on the x-axis the carbon tax starting values that must be implemented in 2012 to achieve a 15% reduction in CO2 emissions (120€/tCO2 and 140 €/tCO2 respectively with and without public transport. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-long-term-emissions-fuel-price-1n05dptl.png Table 2: Comparison of long term emissions’ fuel price elasticities depending on the chosen baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/carboranes-as-model-hypercarbon-systems-structural-and-117i3m75zr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-the-bipyramidal-systems-regarded-as-built-up-from-3dwx2j3t.png Figure 2b. The bipyramidal systems regarded as built up from arachno-[Bn-2Hn-2] 6- six pi-electron ring systems capped above and below by BH 2+ or CH 3+ units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-heights-h-and-widths-w-of-clusters-9vsw8u8m.png Table 6. Heights (h) and widths (w) of clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-calculated-weak-cross-polyhedral-bb-bc-and-cc-2uzvy1f3.png Table 7. The calculated weak cross polyhedral BB, BC and CC bond orders along the 'height' axis of the closo-boranes [BnHn] 2- , [1-CBn-1Hn] - and 1,n-C2Bn-2Hn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-each-naked-vertex-represents-bh-and-each-black-dot-lu5ui2xq.png Figure 1. Each naked vertex represents BH and each black dot represents a CH vertex. Bond order values are shown in italics. https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-tetrachloride-flow-and-transport-in-the-subsurface-of-4dki6vekri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-72-dnapl-saturations-at-2000-base-case-1sw45uec.png Figure 5.72. DNAPL Saturations at 2000 (Base Case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-25-dnapl-ct-mass-distribution-over-the-5o6b48qn.png Figure 5.25. DNAPL CT Mass Distribution Over the Hydrostratigraphic Units for 1960 – 1993 (Base Case, 216-Z-1A Site) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-26-dnapl-ct-mass-distribution-over-the-1skuwvdm.png Figure 5.26. DNAPL CT Mass Distribution Over the Hydrostratigraphic Units for 1960 – 1993 (Base Case, 216-Z-18 Site) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-49-dnapl-saturation-at-1993-for-sensitivity-case-iv-1oygp6qt.png Figure 5.49. DNAPL Saturation at 1993 for Sensitivity Case IV-d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-50-ct-gas-concentrations-in-g-l-at-1993-for-oyn9y8k5.png Figure 5.50. CT Gas Concentrations (in g/L) at 1993 for Sensitivity Case IV-d (0.1 g/L is equivalent to 12,000 ppmv at standard temperature and pressure) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-83-top-view-of-ct-gas-concentrations-g-l-above-1w17rnm5.png Figure 5.83. Top View of CT Gas Concentrations (g/L) Above Water Table at 2000 (Base Case with SVE) (0.1 g/L is equivalent to 12,000 ppmv at standard temperature and pressure) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-82-top-view-of-ct-gas-concentrations-g-l-above-33zocd7l.png Figure 5.82. Top View of CT Gas Concentrations (g/L) Above Water Table at 2000 (Base Case) (0.1 g/L is equivalent to 12,000 ppmv at standard temperature and pressure) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-17-extent-of-lower-sand-unit-in-the-computational-1kq50wzs.png Figure 3.17. Extent of Lower Sand Unit in the Computational Domain https://scispace.com/papers/cardiac-stability-at-differing-levels-of-temporal-analysis-30j7lqzprb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-autoregressive-stability-of-heart-rate-across-sleep-32w1hhuq.png Figure 1. Autoregressive stability of heart rate across sleep period, by group. Controls = healthy control group; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; PD = panic disorder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-nonspecific-heart-rate-accelerations-1l0yxre8.png Figure 2. Number of nonspecific heart rate accelerations across sleep period, by group. HR = heart rate; controls = healthy control group; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; PD = panic disorder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-models-for-the-effect-of-diagnostic-23e4wcty.png Table 3. Regression Models for the Effect of Diagnostic Groups and Control Parameters on Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, Epoch-to-Epoch Autoregressive Stability, and Number of Nonspecific Heart Rate Accelerations https://scispace.com/papers/cardiovascular-autonomic-neuropathy-in-type-1-diabetes-is-1g5sgzcm5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chord-diagram-of-the-detected-associations-between-kirbonr2.png Figure 1 : Chord diagram of the detected associations between metabolites(left) and the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) diagnosis and specific CAN measures (right) from the crude model. Metabolites are categorized into pathways and shown with unique colors. Line width indicate strenght of the respective assocation. PC: Phosphatidylcholines https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-3cszfajf.png Table 1 Baseline Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-standardized-association-between-can-h9fiok7q.png Figure 2 : Forest plot of standardized association between CAN and metabolite level in crude (left), adjusted (middle) and fully-adjusted (right) metabolite-specific regression models (rows). Positive (negative) coefficient on the x-axis indicates positive (inverse) association between CAN and metabolite level. Statistical significance of the association is indicated by color of the confidence 95 % interval (red: significant after correction to multiple testing; orange: significant nominal p-value; black: not significant.Results are shown for crude model (unadjusted; left), for models adjusted for adjusted age, sex, HbA1c, body mass index, diabetes duration, smoking, statin use, total cholesterol and total triglycerides (”Adjusted”; middle) and models further adjusted for eGFR (”FullyAdjusted”, right). https://scispace.com/papers/cardiovascular-effects-of-hyptis-fruticosa-essential-oil-in-4cy5v9w0pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-hfeo-5-10-20-and-40-mg-kg-i-v-on-blood-2lutnj4p.png Fig. 1. Effect of HFEO (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; i.v.) on blood pressure and heart rate in non-anesthetized normotensive rats. Values are expressed as mean±SEM of six experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concentration-response-curves-to-cacl2-3x10-6-10-5-1ketyl7q.png Fig. 3. Concentration–response curves to CaCl2 (3×10 −6, 10−5, 3×10−5, 10−4, 3×10−4, 10−3, 3×10−3, 10−2 and 3×10−2 M) in rat superior mesenteric artery without endothelium before (control) and after pre-incubation with HFEO at concentrations of 3, 30 and 300 μg/ml, separately. Values are expressed as mean±SEM, N=6. ⁎Pb0.05 and ⁎⁎Pb0.01 vs control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-concentration-response-curves-to-hfeo-1-3-10-30-100-1qhmp3l0.png Fig. 2. Concentration–response curves to HFEO (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 μg/ml) in rat superior mesenteric artery rings pre-contracted with 10 μM Phe in the condition intact (Control) or after removal of endothelium (Without endothelium), and rings without endothelium pre-contracted with K+-depolarizing solutions (KCl 80 mM). Values are expressed as mean±SEM. N=6. ⁎Pb0.05 vs control. https://scispace.com/papers/caring-for-nature-from-fact-to-value-from-respect-to-5czmz2cpxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-major-families-of-fossil-animals-increasing-298bi93p.png Fig. 4. Number of major families of fossil animals increasing through time. (Newell 1963, 80). Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-the-composition-of-vertebrate-orders-and-1ic0ewj6.png Fig. 3. Changes in the composition of vertebrate orders and numbers of insect genera (Niklas 1986, 390). Copyright ©1986 Springer-Verlag. Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-species-diversity-changes-in-vascular-plants-niklas-1mpl3e2y.png Fig. 2. Species diversity changes in vascular plants (Niklas 1986, 385). Copyright ©1986 Springer-Verlag. Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-standing-diversity-through-time-for-families-of-marine-1pxlndn1.png Fig. 1. Standing diversity through time for families of marine vertebrates and invertebrates, with catastrophic extinctions numbered (Raup and Sepkoski 1982, 1502). Reprinted with permission from Science 215:1501-03. Copyright ©1982 AAAS. https://scispace.com/papers/carla-combining-cooperative-relaying-and-link-adaptation-for-3dtemchfde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notation-used-in-carla-2g0ei0gn.png TABLE I. NOTATION USED IN CARLA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-throughput-vs-various-distance-28f50d50.png Figure 4. Throughput vs. various distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-efficiency-vs-various-distance-3hk3lit4.png Figure 3. Energy efficiency vs. various distance https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-used-in-simulation-j8uyv0uk.png TABLE II. PARAMETERS USED IN SIMULATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-efficiency-vs-number-of-source-nodes-leqr0oiu.png Figure 1. Energy efficiency vs. number of source nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-throughput-vs-number-of-source-nodes-1zccxnmy.png Figure 2. Throughput vs. number of source nodes https://scispace.com/papers/carotenoid-analysis-of-cassava-genotypes-roots-manihot-1vfo5szdv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-score-scatter-plot-pc1-and-pc2-of-the-quantitative-1c9ntti9.png Fig. 4 A - Score-scatter plot (PC1 and PC2) of the quantitative data of carotenoids determined by RP-HPLC in root samples of ten cassava genotypes (n = 3). B - Magnification to the overlapping samples at the PCA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-factorial-distribution-principal-components-1-and-2-24i9rmce.png Fig. 3 A - Factorial distribution (principal components 1 and 2) of the spectral data set of the fingerprint region of carotenoids (UV-Vis 400–500 nm, acetone: petroleum ether - v/v). B - Graphical demonstration according to the root flesh color https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-factorial-distribution-principal-components-1-and-2-236nw0ar.png Fig. 2 A - Factorial distribution (principal components 1 and 2) of the spectral data set (UV-Vis, 200–700 nm) of the organosolvent extract of roots of ten cassava genotypes. B - Graphical demonstration according to the root flesh color https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-uv-vis-spectrophotometric-profiles-l-200-700-36da73y2.png Fig. 1 Typical UV-Vis spectrophotometric profiles (λ = 200–700 nm, acetone: petroleum ether - v/v) of root parenchymal tissues of ten cassava genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similarity-of-cassava-genotypes-in-respect-to-their-2jflix6h.png Fig. 5 Similarity of cassava genotypes in respect to their carotenoid composition determined by RP-HPLC, followed by hierarchical clustering analysis (UPGMA method - 97.61 % of cophenetic correlation). The genotypes similarity between members of the same cluster is statistically significant (p < 0.05) when the branches in the dendrogram show the same color.1 https://scispace.com/papers/cascading-effects-of-mammalian-herbivores-on-ground-dwelling-4pho51hsk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-1se-abundance-of-ants-a-beetles-b-spiders-c-1czepeg1.png Figure 4. Mean (±1SE) abundance of ants (a), beetles (b), spiders (c), mites (d), woodlice (e) and bristletails as a function of elk (present or excluded), grassland (Bacchariss- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-ordination-2fde7reh.png Figure 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination plots visualizing composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-1se-shrub-cover-herbaceous-biomass-and-thatch-8z0ibf2d.png Figure 6. Mean (±1SE) shrub cover, herbaceous biomass and thatch height in 2015 and 2016 as a function of elk (present or excluded) and grassland type (Bacchariss-dominated, https://scispace.com/papers/case-scenario-compartment-syndrome-of-the-forearm-in-patient-2voj3iywp7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-of-clinical-signs-for-the-diagnosis-of-2v8mye36.png Table 1. Accuracy of Clinical Signs for the Diagnosis of Acute Compartment Syndrome https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pros-and-cons-of-different-clinically-used-16lfbyc7.png Table 2. Pros and Cons of Different Clinically Used Techniques for Intracompartmental Pressure Monitoring in ACS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pathophysiology-and-the-vicious-circle-of-the-acute-l5zs1c35.png Fig. 1. Pathophysiology and the vicious circle of the acute compartment syndrome. Modified according to Janzing et al.22 Adapted with permission from Janzing H: Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the acute compartment syndrome of the extremity. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2007; 33:576–83. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recommendation-for-anesthesia-and-postoperative-er1knrfs.png Table 3. Recommendation for Anesthesia and Postoperative Analgesia for Patients at High Risk for Postoperative ACS https://scispace.com/papers/case-study-longitudinal-immune-profiling-of-a-sars-cov-2-2had819ufd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maximum-likelihood-phylogeny-of-sars-cov-2-whole-1ltmp7cu.png Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes. (A) Global tree showing the evolutionary relationship of 561 lineage B.1 SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sars-cov-2-reinfection-clinical-timeline-summary-of-ggc7qvh7.png Figure 1. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection clinical timeline. Summary of patient’s disease course divided into distinct clinical periods: primary infection (green), graft rejection and immunosuppressive therapies (grey), and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (orange). Clinical https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-peripheral-cytokine-profiling-demonstrates-broad-18ihzogr.png Figure 4. Peripheral cytokine profiling demonstrates broad increases in activation markers suggestive of chronic immune engagement. For all graphs, blue linear https://scispace.com/papers/case-study-of-a-method-for-reengineering-procedural-systems-33rpom7bt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-call-graph-for-ccount-tool-2xpm8biy.png Figure 2. Call graph for ccount tool. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-data-for-functions-check-options-and-clean-64f83bqu.png Table 3. Summary data for functions Check_Options and Clean_Command_Line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-values-for-the-direct-invocation-n4b6qnix.png Figure 3. Distribution of values for the direct invocation metric. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-process-variables-3a7qobio.png Table 7. Process Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functions-used-in-the-definitions-of-the-eight-2fnhr04z.png Table 1. Functions used in the definitions of the eight coupling metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-non-zero-direct-invocation-metrics-for-ccount-6u87d3qa.png Table 4. Non-zero direct invocation metrics for ccount. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-functions-all-use-a-variable-that-can-be-traced-3lcvj554.png Figure 1. The functions all use a variable that can be traced to the same source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-class-diagram-for-object-oriented-ccount-2pogxy8s.png Figure 4. Class diagram for object-oriented ccount application. https://scispace.com/papers/cash-flow-sensitivities-and-the-allocation-of-internal-cash-2htd3p9oq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-allocation-of-cash-flow-the-data-are-from-1ztxpzsk.png Table 3. The allocation of cash flow The data are from Compustat and CRSP for 1971–2011. The dependent variables are five uses of cash flow (CF), including the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), cash dividends (Div), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). CF_Cycle and CF_Trend are the cycle and the trend components of CF, respectively. Ln(Assets) is the natural log of the total book value of assets. MB is defined as the market value of assets divided by the book value of assets. Tangibility is the net PPE over total assets. Sales Growth is the change in net sales scaled by lagged net sales. Leverage is defined as total debt (the sum of short-term and long-term debt) divided by total assets. To estimate regressions with firm fixed effects in both panels, we demean the dependent and all independent variables in the equations. The constant term and year dummies are included in regressions but are not reported. Coefficients significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively. The tstatistics are presented in parentheses. Panel A examines how firms allocate the total cash flow. Panel B shows the respective allocations of the trend and cycle components of cash flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-financial-constraints-and-the-allocation-of-cash-28qzmnsq.png Table 4. Financial constraints and the allocation of cash flow The data are from Compustat and CRSP for 1971–2011. The dependent variables are five uses of cash flow (CF), including the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), cash dividends (Div), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). CF_Cycle and CF_Trend are the cycle and the trend components of CF, respectively. Each year a firm is classified as financially more constrained if its Ln(Assets) is below the 30th percentile, its HP index or the WW index is above the 70th percentile, it pays no dividends, or it has no credit rating. A firm is classified as financially less constrained if its Ln(Assets) is above the 70th percentile, its HP index or the WW index is below the 30th percentile, it pays dividends, or it has a credit rating. The models in Table 3 are estimated separately for more and less constrained subsamples. All control variables in Table 3 are included in the regressions. Only the coefficients of CF (panel A) and the two CF components (panel B) are reported for brevity. To estimate the regressions with firm fixed effects in both panels, we demean the dependent and all independent variables in the equations. The constant term and year dummies are included in regressions but are not reported. Coefficients significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively. The t-statistics are presented in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-coefficients-of-cf-and-mb-estimated-using-gmm-22e59pg5.png Table 6. Coefficients of CF and MB estimated using GMM estimators The data are from Compustat and CRSP for 1971–2011. The dependent variables are five uses of cash flow (CF), including the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), cash dividends (Div), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). Each year we estimate Equations (2)– (6) using GMM3, GMM4, and GMM5, which are defined in Appendix B. All control variables in Table 3 are included in the estimation. Only the coefficients of CF and MB are reported. We use the minimum distance method to aggregate yearly coefficient estimates. To account for the firm fixed effects, we apply the within transformation to the data and report the results in panel A. Panel B reports the results obtained using data in the level form. Standard errors are included in parentheses. Sum is the sum of the coefficients of MB or CF across five equations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-3604sybt.png Table 4. Financial constraints and the allocation of cash flow The data are from Compustat and CRSP for 1971–2011. The dependent variables are five uses of cash flow (CF), including the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), cash dividends (Div), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). CF_Cycle and CF_Trend are the cycle and the trend components of CF, respectively. Each year a firm is classified as financially more constrained if its Ln(Assets) is below the 30th percentile, its HP index or the WW index is above the 70th percentile, it pays no dividends, or it has no credit rating. A firm is classified as financially less constrained if its Ln(Assets) is above the 70th percentile, its HP index or the WW index is below the 30th percentile, it pays dividends, or it has a credit rating. The models in Table 3 are estimated separately for more and less constrained subsamples. All control variables in Table 3 are included in the regressions. Only the coefficients of CF (panel A) and the two CF components (panel B) are reported for brevity. To estimate the regressions with firm fixed effects in both panels, we demean the dependent and all independent variables in the equations. The constant term and year dummies are included in regressions but are not reported. Coefficients significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively. The t-statistics are presented in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-defined-using-the-flow-of-funds-data-1wuyab5u.png Table 1. Variables defined using the flow-of-funds data Variables are defined using flow-of-funds data of Compustat. The variable definitions vary according to the format code (scf) a firm follows in reporting flow-of-funds data. Effective for fiscal years ending July 15, 1988, SFAS #95 requires U.S. companies to report the statement of cash flows (scf = 7). Prior to adoption of SFAS #95, companies may have reported one of the following statements: working capital statement (scf = 1), cash statement by source and use of funds (scf = 2), and cash statement by activity (scf = 3). Variables include the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), the change in working capital (∆WC), cash dividends (Div), cash flow (CF), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). The Compustat XPF variable names are italicized and provided in parentheses. PPE denotes property, plant, and equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ia-2-2-estimating-cash-flow-sensitivities-with-linear-2yqrfubw.png Table IA.2.2 Estimating cash flow sensitivities with linear constraints and lagged dependent variables The data are from Compustat and CRSP for 1971–2011. The dependent variables are five uses of cash flow (CF), which include the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), cash dividends (Div), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). Ln(Assets) is the natural log of the total book value of assets. MB is defined as the market value of assets divided by the book value of assets. Tangibility is the net PPE over total assets. Sales Growth is the change in net sales scaled by lagged net sales. Leverage is defined as total debt (the sum of short-term and longterm debt) divided by total assets. To estimate regressions with firm fixed effects in both panels, we demean the dependent and all independent variables in the equations. The constant term and year dummies are included in regressions but not reported. Coefficients significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively. The t-statistics are presented in parentheses. Panel A reports the results obtained using SUR with constraints (7)-(9). Panel B estimates equations using OLS separately, without linear constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-additional-analysis-and-robustness-checks-the-6oj9ysbm.png Table 5. Additional analysis and robustness checks The dependent variables are five uses of cash flow (CF), including the change in cash holdings (∆Cash), investment (Inv), cash dividends (Div), net debt issued (∆D), and net equity issued (∆E). CF_Cycle and CF_Trend are the cycle and the trend components of CF, respectively. Firms are classified into financially more and less constrained groups using firm size. The constant term, year dummies, and the control variables in Table 3 are included in the estimation, but their coefficients are not reported. To estimate the regressions with firm fixed effects in both panels, we demean the dependent and all independent variables in the equations. Panel A investigates intertemporal allocation of cash flow by including two lags of the cash flow components. Panel B examines the asymmetry in the cash-flow allocation by including NEG, which is a dummy variable that equals one if CF is negative and zero otherwise, and the interaction terms between NEG and the two cash-flow components. Coefficients significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively. The t-statistics are not reported. https://scispace.com/papers/caspase-8-ripk1-and-ripk3-coordinately-regulate-retinoic-2sdk90a2ew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2hgsltik.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1dkbxp4u.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3ebvgutx.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-33n04wto.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-3totudhn.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1i6b79h5.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2rzpyznm.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1cqvuii7.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/caspase-8-is-the-molecular-switch-for-apoptosis-necroptosis-2rmnel7tsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-characteristic-morphological-changes-of-18yu0p2l.png Figure 1.2 Characteristic morphological changes of programmed cell death modes. Apoptosis is characterised by the maintenance of the plasma membrane integrity and the formation of apoptotic bodies demonstrating apoptosis as an immunologically silent mode of death. In contrast, necroptosis and pyroptosis represents proinflammatory forms of cell death, as the release of the intracellular content is distinctive for these cell death modes (modified from Lamkanfi & Dixit, 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-primary-antibodies-2pl3sxrt.png Table 2.2 Primary antibodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-endothelial-specific-expression-of-casp8c362s-urxepaef.png Figure 3.4 Endothelial-specific expression of Casp8C362S results in embryonic lethality. a Expected and observed numbers of mice per genotype obtained from the indicated crossings. b Representative images of Casp8wt/EC- (n=2), Casp8C362S/fl (n=5) and Casp8C362S/EC- (n=5) and Casp8EC-KO (n=5) mouse embryos at E11.5 (upper panel). CD31 staining as marker for endothelial cells of whole mount yolk sacs (lower panel). Scale bar, 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-direct-labelled-and-secondary-antibodies-for-3u61whii.png Table 2.4 Direct-labelled and secondary antibodies for Immunofluorescence (IF). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-secondary-antibodies-for-western-blotting-wb-and-2tws81xm.png Table 2.3 Secondary antibodies for Western Blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-17-catalytically-inactive-casp8-is-sufficient-to-zz2v6bc2.png Figure 3.17 Catalytically inactive Casp8 is sufficient to induce ASC aggregation only in certain cell types. a Immunofluorescence confocal images of BMDMs derived from Casp8fl/fl or Casp8C362S/fl mice treated with HTNCre for 24 h and stained for ASC (upper panel) or IL-1β measurement in the supernatant of BMDMs (lower panel, n=3 biologically independent replicates). Scale bar, 20 µm. Dots and circles, individual mice. Lines, mean ± s.e.m. P-values by One-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s post-analysis to the corresponding untreated value. Results representative of two individual experiments. b Immunofluorescence confocal images of ECs treated with HTNCre and stained for ASC after 24 h (upper panel; scale bar, 20 µm). IL-1β measurement in supernatants of ECs after 24 h HTNCre treatment (lower panel; n=3 biologically independent replicates). Dots and circles, individual mice. Lines, mean ± s.e.m. P-values by One-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s post-analysis. Results representative of two individual experiments. c ASC speck positive BMDMs (n=100, one representative experiment) (upper panel) and IL-1β measurement in supernatants of BMDMs (lower panel) after 24 h HTNCre treatment in biologically independent replicates (n=6, representative of two individual experiments). Dots, individual mice. Lines, mean ± s.e.m. P-values by One-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s post-analysis to the corresponding values without HTNCre. (In collaboration with Saskia Günther). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-12-casp8c362s-induces-necroptosisindependent-tissue-e49ttakj.png Figure 3.12 Casp8C362S induces necroptosisindependent tissue destruction in the gut. a Ileal sections of Casp8C362S/fl (n=4), Casp8C362S/IEC- (n=5), Casp8C362S/fl/Mlkl-/- (n=4) and Casp8C362S/IEC-/Mlkl-/- (n=5) mice at 5 weeks of age with H&E, lysozyme, PAS staining. Scale bars, 100 µm for H&E and lysozyme, 50 µm for PAS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-casp8-is-activated-during-bacterial-infection-a-3mgyjvdg.png Figure 3.1 Casp8 is activated during bacterial infection. a Western blot analysis of BMDMs 6 h post infection with Shigella flexneri and co-treatment with 2.5 µM IDN-6556. Lanes, different MOI. Staurosprine (STS) serves as control for Casp3 cleavage. Results representative for two individual experiments. β-Actin serves as loading control. b Casp8 activity measurement of BMDMs 6 h post infection with Shigella flexneri and cotreatment with 2.5 µM IDN-6556. n = 3 biologically independent replicates. Bars, mean ± s.e.m. Statistical significance to the corresponding untreated value was determined by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-analysis. Results representative for two individual experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/catalytic-asymmetric-4-2-cycloaddition-of-dienes-with-sn13k8yxtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scale-up-reactions-and-derivatization-f6s7uo5n.png Figure 2. Scale-Up Reactions and Derivatization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mechanistic-studies-a-plausible-reaction-pathways-b-2xxarq2c.png Figure 3. Mechanistic Studies. a, Plausible reaction pathways. b, Intramolecular 13 C KIEs at 15 0.6% and 16 0.8% completion of 2a (relative to starting diene 2a). For more details, see the supplementary material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-catalyst-evaluation-a-model-4-2-cycloaddition-of-1exhysty.png Figure 1. Catalyst Evaluation. a, Model [4+2]-cycloaddition of benzaldehyde (1a) with diene 2a. b, Catalyst screening. c, X-ray crystal structure of 4c. https://scispace.com/papers/catastrophe-models-for-cognitive-workload-and-fatigue-memory-1an0ik7c70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cusp-model-for-fatigue-2m96uxct.png Figure 4. Cusp model for fatigue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cusp-and-linear-models-for-fatigue-on-mysimon-u2jpgolp.png Table 3. Cusp and linear models for fatigue on MySimon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-stable-states-of-work-performance-as-a-function-26q57ccj.png Figure 3. Two stable states of work performance as a function of elasticity (resilience) and workload. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bivariate-correlations-among-research-variables-1z4wciel.png Table 1. Bivariate correlations among research variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-buckling-of-an-elastic-or-rigid-beam-when-weight-is-33pzcta8.png Figure 2. Buckling of an elastic or rigid beam when weight is applied vertically. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cusp-and-linear-models-for-buckling-stress-and-8cskskve.png Table 2. Cusp and linear models for buckling stress and cognitive workload. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-parallel-tasks-reaching-a-bottleneck-position-1247fdak.png Figure 1. Two parallel tasks reaching a bottleneck position. https://scispace.com/papers/catalysis-and-tunnelling-in-the-unimolecular-decay-of-w4s4byad4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-unimolecular-decay-pathways-of-the-criegee-intemediate-1ehyzj66.png Fig. 3 Unimolecular decay pathways of the criegee intemediate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-a-criegee-intemediate-1qb79ohf.png Fig. 1 Representation of a criegee intemediate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-methylation-on-the-rate-of-unimolecular-3jndjn68.png Fig. 8 Effects of methylation on the rate of unimolecular decay on the uncatalysed reaction, caclualted using 1D-SCTST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-methods-of-calculating-x-matrix-contributions-to-1pkze6ea.png Fig. 6 Two methods of calculating x matrix contributions to the VPT2 energy for the unmethylated, uncatalysed reaction reaction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-for-the-methylated-uncatalysed-decomposition-3a23bwv2.png Fig. 7 Results for the methylated, uncatalysed decomposition reaction. Comparison of experimental measurements (Chhantyal-Pun 61 and Smith 62) and other theoretical results (Long) 33 with TST and SCTST in full and one dimensions (this work). The inset shows more clearly the comparison of this work to experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-1d-sctst-fd-sctst-for-the-unmethylated-2jv6simv.png Fig. 10 Comparison of 1D-SCTST, FD-SCTST for the unmethylated catalysed reaction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-1d-sctst-effective-barrier-shapes-for-the-uncatalysed-1vsfg30i.png Fig. 9 1D-SCTST effective barrier shapes for the uncatalysed and catalysed unmethylated reactions. Since the two transition states in the catalysed reaction are nearly degenerate, only one barrier is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-fd-sctst-1d-sctst-and-1d-sctst-using-2b94y493.png Fig. 11 Comparison of FD-SCTST, 1D-SCTST and 1D-SCTST using the FD value of xFF for the unmethylated, catalysed reaction. https://scispace.com/papers/catch-my-drift-achieving-comfort-more-sustainably-in-4pveeay4a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-thermal-environment-and-participant-2nxbq4kb.png Table 2. Summary of thermal environment and participant adaptations in Phases 1 and 2 of the study. We also suggest each participant’s primary approach to thermal comfort during the study: (C) Comfort in control, (A) Automatic comfort, and (R) Thermally reflective. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-and-durations-of-the-study-phases-in-3s6xbbtz.png Table 1. Participants and durations of the study phases (in days). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-web-interface-for-radiator-control-the-make-it-1nscsdir.png Figure 1. Web interface for radiator control. The ‘Make it warmer’ button has been pressed to switch the radiator on. https://scispace.com/papers/catching-optical-information-for-the-regulation-of-timing-10blyut2lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-side-view-of-the-ball-transport-balltrap-system-the-tlgqwe0m.png Fig. 3 A Side view of the ball transport (BallTrAp) system. The participant was seated at the end of the 2.20-m straight path of the track. The ball was transported at eye height to the right side of the participant. The light grey squares on the fingers and on the headphone illustrate the position of the infrared-emitting diodes. B Side view of the initial position of the right arm. The elbow rests against an armrest, which is fixed to the table. The thumb is held in contact with the index finger https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-ball-approaching-on-a-collision-course-with-the-3t5r9wns.png Fig. 1 A A ball approaching on a collision course with the eye. The angle subtended between the point of observation and the ball isϕ, the angle between the hand, the point of observation and the ball is θ, and the angle between the point of observation, the hand and the ball is α. B In binocular vision, the distance between the eyes is the interocular distance (IO), and the angle between the two eyes and the ball is denotedΔ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-the-relative-17uver04.png Table 2 Means and standard deviations of the relative distance ratios at the moments of reach onset and hand closure as a function of ball speed and viewing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-b-coefficients-of-the-regressions-between-four-2v976218.png Fig. 4A,B Coefficients of the regressions between four informational variables and ball approach velocity for a visuomotor interval of 0 to 400 ms for reach onset (A) and hand closure (B) of participant 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-time-evolution-of-the-rate-of-expansion-for-five-1hjro2gh.png Fig. 2 The time-evolution of the rate of expansion for five approach speeds of the ball (i.e. 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 m/s). The point of observation was assumed to be located 20 cm to the left of the ball path. Horizontal dashed linerepresents the hypothesised critical value andvertical arrows depict the matching time-to-contact (TTC) for each ball speed. A critical value of about 0.13 rad/s is reached at a smaller TTC with the point of observation for faster approaching balls. This would result in an earlier initiation for the approach speed of 2.5 m/s than for the 0.5-m/s condition https://scispace.com/papers/cationic-mn-2-h-exchange-leading-a-slow-solid-state-31vgwnaecb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distortion-values-calculated-for-the-hexacoordinated-29ky5s8y.png Table 2. Distortion values calculated for the hexacoordinated spheres of compounds 1 and 2 (calculated by means of SHAPE software). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distortion-values-calculated-for-the-170pttya.png Table 3. Distortion values calculated for the pentacoordinated spheres of Mn (1) of compound 1 (calculated by means of SHAPE software). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-2d-layer-and-a-single-paddle-wheel-detail-and-b-4yst6u3o.png Figure 1. (a) 2D layer and a single paddle-wheel detail and (b) projection of the supramolecular arrangement for compound 1. (Mn (porphyrin): blue, Mn (paddle-wheel): green, C: grey, N: dark blue, O: red). H atoms have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-x-band-epr-and-adjustment-using-structural-model-of-bk2kt3lx.png Figure 5. X-Band EPR and adjustment using structural model of compound 1. (DH= width of line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rearrangement-of-the-crystal-structure-from-1gkuw0qv.png Figure 7. Rearrangement of the crystal structure from compound 1 to compound 2 as a consequence of the crystal-to-crystal transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-h-bonded-2d-supramolecular-layer-and-b-packing-of-2n7ktc8p.png Figure 2. (a) H-bonded 2D supramolecular layer and (b) packing of these layers for compound 2. (Mn: blue, C: grey, N: dark blue, O: red). H atoms have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-thermodiffractogram-for-compound-1-2t74phkm.png Figure 4. X-ray thermodiffractogram for compound 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermogravimetry-for-compound-1-831yoge9.png Figure 3. Thermogravimetry for compound 1. https://scispace.com/papers/caught-between-war-repressions-and-party-purge-pris-entre-3n2o6xtreh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-obkom-examination-of-decisions-taken-by-the-district-lf25zpwp.png Table 2. Obkom examination of decisions taken by the district committees https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-causes-of-expulsion-from-the-party-intersecting-with-1ha1rmti.png Table 4. Causes of expulsion from the Party intersecting with penal charges, 1942-1945 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-causes-of-expulsion-unrelated-to-penal-prosecutions-3dlckgx1.png Table 5. Causes of expulsion unrelated to penal prosecutions, 1942-1945 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-number-of-kalinin-activists-1935-1941-2iaye7bo.png Table 3. The number of Kalinin activists, 1935-1941 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-purge-progress-in-the-province-of-kalinin-1942-2zf399c1.png Table 1. The purge progress in the province of Kalinin, 1942-1950 https://scispace.com/papers/caught-in-the-act-gas-and-stellar-velocity-dispersions-in-a-2epk1iai6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rest-frame-surface-brightness-profile-and-color-3h2ensl2.png Figure 3. Rest-frame surface brightness profile and color profile of GDN-8231. The rest-frame profiles are computed by interpolating at each radius the best-fit SED derived from the observed surface brightness profile in nineHST bands measured with IRAF/ellipse (see Liu et al. 2013 and F. Liu et al. 2016, in preparation, for more details). At z=1.67, the rest-frame NUV and V bands roughly correspond with the observed i and H bands, respectively. The arrows indicate the effective radius in those bands from the best-fit Sérsic profiles obtained using GALFIT. The gray line indicates the point-spread function (PSF)half width at half-maximum (HWHM) in the H band. The insets show the images of GDN-8231 in the i (PSF-matched to theH band) and H bands. The black circle has radius of 1″ (∼8.4 kpc). GDN-8231 has an positive color gradient and relatively low sSFR, which are consistent with the expectations for an early phase of inside-out quenching after a central starburst. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stellar-left-and-gas-right-kinematic-profiles-for-276woc82.png Figure 7. Stellar (left) and gas (right) kinematic profiles for the simulated galaxy V12 at z=2.3 (Ceverino et al. 2014; Zolotov et al. 2015). The kinematic properties are measured in cylindrical beams with a depth of 8kpc. The solid and dashed black lines depict the intrinsic rotation and dispersion. The magenta and purple lines show the LOSs profiles for a line-of-sight inclination of i 90= (edge-on) and i 45= . The triangles show the integrated, mass-weighted values at the r re= . The lineof-sight dispersion can be written as i vsin rLOS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-loss-vs-mfor-different-galaxy-samples-thetriangles-3czwbxfw.png Figure 6. LOSs vs. Mfor different galaxy samples. Thetriangles pointing up and downshow emission (gas) and absorption (stars) line measurements, respectively. The blue triangles depict 13 compact SFGs in Barro et al. (2014b)and 1 galaxy from Nelson et al. (2014). The red triangles show a compilation of quiescent galaxies (Bezanson et al. 2013; van de Sande et al. 2013; Belli et al. 2014a, 2014b) at z1.5. The overlapping distributions for compact SFGs and quiescent galaxies suggests that both populations have similar kinematic properties. This is supported by the agreement in the gas and stellar dispersions of COS-10289 (Belli et al. 2014b, and Barro et al. 2014b for the stellar and gas kinematics). However, GDN-8231 (green) has ∼40% lower dispersion in the gas than in the stars. A possible explanation is that the gas has colder kinematics than the stars (v rsf > 1), and thus its line-of-sight dispersion is prone to stronger projection effects. The gas and stellar dispersion for the simulated galaxy V12 (see also Figure 7) illustrates the bias toward lower values of gasLOSs with respect to LOS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolutionary-tracks-in-ssfr-left-vs-age-of-the-1r182yva.png Figure 10. Evolutionary tracks in sSFR (left) vs. age of the universe for different SFHs for the galaxies in the sample. The blue shaded region and the dashed black line indicate the typical evolutionary tracks of a main sequence galaxy and a slow-quenching galaxy (see also Figure 4). The thick colored line in each panel shows the best-fit SFH (as in panel (c)of Figure 5). The thin lines depict all the SFHs consistent with the best fit within 3σ. The dashed lines show the upper and lower confidence ranges containing 95% of all possible SFHs computed in time-averaged intervals of 200 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-uvj-diagram-for-galaxies-at-1-3-z-1-8-2rflcwlf.png Figure 1. Left panel: UVJ diagram for galaxies at 1.3<z<1.8 more massive than M Mlog( ) > 10 in the GOODS-N field. The colors highlight different populations of star-forming galaxies (blue; log(sSFR/Gyr−1) >−0.25), quiescent galaxies (red; log(sSFR/Gyr−1) <−0.75), and quenchingtransitiongalaxies (green; −0.25 < log(sSFR/Gyr−1) <−0.75) identified according to their UV+IR SFRs. The large markers show the quenching, compact SFG (GDN-8231; dark green), and the threequenched galaxies (GDN-2617, GDN-17360, andGDN-12632; orange to red) observed with MOSFIRE. The HST color images (zJH) of the fourgalaxies are shown at the bottom. The location of GDN-8231 in the UVJ is consistent with the observed spectral and photometric properties, indicating that it is a weakly star-forming galaxy transitioning to a quiescent phase. The quiescent galaxies fall within the selection region for recently quenched galaxies (left of the dashed line; Whitaker et al. 2012a). Right panel: color images (ACS and WFC3), and composite SED of GDN-8231. The gray circles show the (low-resolution) broad-band photometry, the cyan markers show the SHARDS medium-band data (R ∼ 50; Pérez-González et al. 2013), and the light and dark blue lines show the HST/WFC3 G102 and G141 grism spectra. The spectral regions probed by Y- and H-band MOSFIRE spectra are indicated in red. The green and orange lines show the best-fit stellar population templates from Pacifici et al. (2012) at a resolution of R=50 for GDN-8231 and the quiescent galaxy GDN-17360. The latter illustrates thatdespite their relatively similar UVJ colors, GDN-8231 has a clearly different SED typical of a post-starburst galaxy. The threesub-panels on the right show the zoom-in around the SHARDS, G102, and G141 data highlighting spectral features in MgUV, [O II], Hδ,and Hβ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spectro-photometric-seds-and-best-fit-stellar-2eor61k3.png Figure 9. Spectro-photometric SEDs and best-fit stellar templates for the fourgalaxies in the sample. The postages in the upper right show the zJH color composite image of the galaxies. The threesmaller panels on the right show a zoom-in into the regions probed by the SHARDS, G102, and G141 data (top to bottom). The right panels show the G102 grism data for each galaxy and the best-fit template determined by the line-fitting procedure. The text in the upperleft region of each figure indicates the estimated fluxes and equivalent widths for common emission and absorption lines in the rest-frame wavelength range probed by G102 at the redshift of the galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolutionary-tracks-in-ssfr-left-and-luminosity-3n2kbfai.png Figure 4. Evolutionary tracks in sSFR (left) and luminosity-weighted age (right) vs. age of the universe for different SFHs. The blue shaded region depicts the starforming main sequence determined from the average SFH of SFGs drawn from the model library of Pacifici et al. (2012). This region agrees well with the observational results of Whitaker et al. (2014) for SFGs of intermediate mass. The black lines illustrate the evolution of twogalaxies that have a secular growth from z∼4 to z=1.7, followed by either fast (solid) or slow (dashed) quenching of star formation. In a fast-quenching galaxy, the luminosity-weighed age grows linearly with time (passive evolution). However, in a slow-quenching (or main sequence) galaxy, the luminosity-weighed age increases more slowly (i.e., the slope is <1). A τ model can describe either a fast or slow quenching. However, a short τ (gray line) would provide unrealistic results for galaxies described by a two-phase SFH (e.g., a main sequence + fast quenching). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stellar-and-spectroscopic-properties-of-the-mosfire-1i12hsia.png Table 1 Stellar and Spectroscopic Properties of the MOSFIRE Sample https://scispace.com/papers/causality-across-rainfall-time-scales-revealed-by-continuous-1rx4iz9l9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-and-c-scale-wise-autocorrelations-and-b-and-d-hhxgwhcy.png Figure 8. (a and c) Scale‐wise autocorrelations and (b and d) cross‐scale correlations for the DF (Figures 8a and 8b) and CHV (Figures 8c and 8d) time series. Weak asymmetric features reveal themselves at CHV for scales between 1 and 3 months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-representing-basic-concepts-in-causal-3ixbolyc.png Figure 3. Diagram representing basic concepts in causal cascades and their signatures in cross‐scale correlation analysis. (top) Schematic representation of a wavelet decomposed variable (e.g., local variance) at smaller (a0) and larger (a0 + Da) scales exhibiting (a) forward, (b) symmetric, and (c) inverse cascade schemes. (bottom) The corresponding cross‐scale correlation functions. On average, forward causal cascades suggest that oscillations at larger‐scale a0 + Da precede in time oscillations at smaller‐scale a0, resulting in an asymmetric cross‐scale correlation function similar to the one shown in Figure 3a (bottom). In the inverse cascade (Figure 3c), small‐scale oscillations precede oscillations at larger scales leading to a scale‐by‐scale correlation Ca+Da,a(Dt) < Ca+Da,a(−Dt). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-b-c-and-d-top-autocorrelation-coefficients-ca-dt-1lhvdz56.png Figure 6. (b, c, and d) (top) Autocorrelation coefficients Ca(Dt) and (bottom) cross‐scale correlation coefficients Ca+Da,a(Dt) in the (Dt, Da) half‐plane for event 4 (Figure 6b), the same event after shuffling (Figure 6c), and its IAAFT surrogates (Figure 6d). (a) A comparison between the wavelet spectra of the original event (solid circles) and its shuffled (solid squares) and IAAFT (solid stars) surrogates. As expected, IAAFT transform is able to preserve the mean spectral characteristics of the series. The shuffled data wipe out all linear and nonlinear correlations and essentially resembles a white noise spectrum. In Figure 6a the gray shadow represents the range of scales on which the scale‐by‐scale autocorrelations Ca(Dt) are estimated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-c-and-e-autocorrelation-coefficients-ca-dt-and-b-2lszfp4d.png Figure 5. (a, c, and e) Autocorrelation coefficients Ca(Dt) and (b, d, and f) cross‐scale correlation coefficients Ca+Da,a(Dt) (equation (6)) in the (Dt, Da) half‐plane for event 1 (2 December 1990, Figures 5a and 5b), 5 (1 November 1990 A, Figures 5c and 5d) and 6 (3 May 1990, Figures 5e and 5f). The bidimensional section of the time‐scale correlation space for Ca+Da,a(Dt) is computed by fixing the reference scale an to the rainfall sampling scale (finest scale) so that Da on the ordinate represents the scale shift from such a reference scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-ta1-a2-lin-for-the-a-bc-and-b-bm-ensemble-3nc04ddc.png Figure 10. Average Ta1→a2 lin for the (a) BC and (b) BM ensemble of simulations and the (c) Duke Forest WV subsample represented in the inset in Figure 4a. The inset in Figure 10b reports a zoom over fine scales for the BM. As in Figure 9, ai = 1 represents the smallest scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-linearized-transfer-entropy-ta1-a2-lin-as-a-2d1qaq7n.png Figure 9. Linearized transfer entropy Ta1→a2 lin as a function of causing scale a1 and caused scale a2 for (a) event 1, (b) event 4, and its (c) shuffled and (d) IAAFT versions, (e) the DF rainfall time series, and (f) the CHV time series. The ai = 1 scales here represent the smallest scale. Results are shown for a time delay corresponding to the maximum Dt for which significative (Ca+Da,a(Dt) > 0.5) asymmetry is detected in the cross‐scale correlations of Figures 5, 6, and 8. The inset in Figure 9e represents a zoom over fine scales for DF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-rainfall-intensity-r-t-and-right-normalized-324o30gl.png Figure 1. (left) Rainfall intensity R(t) and (right) normalized OWT power spectra S( f ) for four events extracted from the Iowa City data set. From top to bottom: event 1 (originally sampled at 10 s) and events 4, 5, and 6 (sampled at 5 s). Note that the ordinates are different in the rainfall intensity plots. These events span a wide range of intensities with event 1 sampling a maximum of about 120 mm/h while event 4 sampling a maximum of about 9 mm/h. The spectral exponents at subevent scales (from a few seconds to 1 h) oscillate between the 1.6 for event 4 to 0.77 for event 1, revealing the tendency of higher‐intensity events to possesses longer memory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scale-by-scale-correlation-analysis-for-a-d-and-g-3t0fu3q2.png Figure 7. Scale‐by‐scale correlation analysis for (a, d, and g) binomial cascade (BC), (b, e, and h) b model (BM) simulated time series, and (c, f, and i) the water vapor series. A sample of the simulated time series (Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c), its scale‐by‐scale autocorrelation (Figures 7d, 7e, and 7f), and scale‐wise correlation (Figures 7g, 7h, and 7i) are shown. Note that BM simulated events appear more clustered if compared with the original DF ones (Figure 2, top left). This is a well‐known drawback of BM‐based disaggregation schemes [Molnar and Burlando, 2005], though not influencing the causal nature of the cascade. Also, for the water vapor series, resembling a lognormal bounded cascade, cross‐scale correlations are much weaker when compared with rainfall events. Here, symmetry is present in Ca+Da,a(Dt), suggesting an instantaneous cascade of variance across scales. https://scispace.com/papers/cavitating-bubbles-on-patterned-surfaces-3qjsbci5ze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hexagon-230ad5i4.png FIG. 5. Hexagon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bhconckr.png FIG. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t-2au6vl0z.png FIG. 4. T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3b7jeua5.png FIG. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s-143lhb9w.png FIG. 2. S https://scispace.com/papers/cautious-classification-with-nested-dichotomies-and-1kki9y2ahb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-2-probability-set-in-barycentric-coordinates-gj9mxdff.png Fig. 2 Example 2 probability set in Barycentric coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computation-of-the-expected-cost-e-cb-ch-with-343hjh6g.png Fig. 5 Computation of the expected cost E[cb − ch] with imprecise probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-sets-details-for-multiclass-problems-3930w9vb.png Table 2 Data sets details for multiclass problems https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-u65-scores-and-ranks-for-different-methods-on-2sscc58i.png Table 6 u65 scores (and ranks) for different methods on ordinal data sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nemenyi-post-hoc-test-results-on-algorithms-groups-of-3u0h9ozt.png Fig. 8 Nemenyi post-hoc test results on algorithms. Groups of algorithms that are not significantly different (at a significance level of 0.10) are linked with a bold line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quadratic-utility-function-u65-obtained-from-the-3ucdom50.png Fig. 6 Quadratic utility function u65 obtained from the discounted accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-ambiguous-vs-uninformative-situation-3mf4k5k0.png Fig. 1 Illustration of ambiguous vs uninformative situation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-indeterminate-predictions-made-by-17zmrsfq.png Table 4 Percentage of indeterminate predictions made by imprecise classifiers https://scispace.com/papers/cazymes-in-maribacter-dokdonensis-62-1-from-the-patagonian-57ul7zjulg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cazyme-families-encoded-by-maribacter-dokdonensis-62-12yckqyb.png TABLE 1 | CAZyme families encoded by Maribacter dokdonensis 62–1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-likelihood-phylogeny-based-on-82-core-genes-36h14gty.png FIGURE 1 | Maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on 82 core genes (left panel) and numbers of genes from selected CAZyme families (right panel) in Maribacter dokdonensis 62–1 and related strains. Capnocytophaga ochracea DSM 7271 served as outgroup. The three resolved Maribacter lineages are numbered and colored. PL, polysaccharide lyase; GH, glycoside hydrolase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-of-maribacter-dokdonensis-62-1-with-alginate-74blo1n2.png FIGURE 2 | Growth of Maribacter dokdonensis 62–1 with alginate compared to glucose as sole carbon source over a period of 48 h, illustrated by optical density (upper panels) and substrate utilization as determined by HPLC (lower panels). Gul, guluronate; Man, mannuronate. https://scispace.com/papers/cd26-dppiv-expression-and-8-azaguanine-response-in-t-acute-564wva4ktx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dose-response-curves-cem-a-and-molt3-b-cell-viability-1ltjb71v.png Fig. 1. Dose response curves: CEM (A) and MOLT3 (B) cell viability curves. The cell lines were cultured at 37 ◦C in RPMI 1640 medium, and incubated in an initial concentration of 0.3× 106 cells/mL for CEM cells, and of 0.6× 106 cells/mL for MOLT3 cells. Cells were incubated in the absence and in the presence of different 8-azaguanine concentrations, as indicated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-this-implied-that-there-could-be-discordance-between-a9k5eskl.png Fig. 5). This implied that there could be discordance between hese two parameters and that cell surface expression of CD26 an be disassociated from soluble levels of enzymatic DPPIV ctivity, as others have mentioned before [7,29]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cem-and-molt3-cells-cd26-expression-in-control-ydj2e87d.png Table 1 CEM and MOLT3 cells CD26 expression in control condition and after 8- azaguanine (25 M) and hydrogen peroxide (25 M) treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cell-surface-cd26-expression-in-human-leukaemia-cell-1vsx1k38.png Fig. 4. Cell surface CD26 expression in human leukaemia cell lines CEM and MOLT3, before and after 48 h of 8-azaguanine treatment. Results are expressed in mean fluorescence intensities (MFI). This value represents the medium fluorescence intensity detected in each cell, which is proportional to the number of molecules labelled by the monoclonal antibody. As one can see, the expression of CD26 increased after treatment in a dose and cell type dependent manner. For the same dose (25 M) and incubation time (48 h) MOLT3 cells show a significant increase in CD26 expression, compared with CEM cells, which may be related with a higher cellular sensitivity of MOLT3 cell to 8-azaguanine. *p< 0.05. (A) represents cell surface CD26 expression in CEM cell line. (B) represents cell surface CD26 expression in MOLT3 cell line. (C) represents cell surface CD26 expression in CEM cells compared with MOLT3 cell line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evaluation-of-cellular-death-by-flow-cytometry-cell-3poxjopg.png Fig. 3. Evaluation of cellular death by flow cytometry. Cell lines were incubated in the absence (control, A) and in the presence (B) of 8-azaguanine. Cell death was detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide (AV/IP) staining and analysed by flow cytometry. Live cells (L), are Annexin V/propidium i E s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cellular-morphology-analysis-of-may-grunwald-giemsa-1i0bixe9.png Fig. 2. Cellular morphology analysis of May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained cells (500×), before (A) and after (B) 8-azaguanine treatment. The figure represents the CEM cell line as an example of what it was done in the study. (A) shows the normal morphology of human leukaemia T-cell line; (B) shows morphological changes after 8-azaguanine treatment. Morphological changes are related to apoptotic cell death, namely cellular shrinking, m https://scispace.com/papers/cd44-is-overexpressed-in-basal-like-breast-cancers-but-is-2wqkxc76yf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cd44-gene-copy-number-and-protein-expression-in-2vr5esdu.png Fig. 2 CD44 gene copy number and protein expression in invasive breast cancer. a, b Invasive ductal carcinoma displaying CD44 gene amplification as defined by chromogenic in situ hybridisation (a), and strong, membranous and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical expression (b). Note the presence of small (a) and large (a—inset) CD44 gene clusters. c, d Invasive ductal carcinoma with one to two CD44 gene copies per nucleus of neoplastic cells (c) displaying low levels of CD44 membranous protein expression (d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-downregulation-of-cd44-expression-has-no-differential-32dy7lp8.png Fig. 6 Downregulation of CD44 expression has no differential impact on the sensitivity to drug treatment of cell lines with or without the CD44 containing amplicon. Cells were transfected with CD44 siRNA (CD44si) or a non-targeting control siRNA (CONsi) oligonucleotides. Survival was monitored after 3 days of doxorubicin treatment at stated concentrations. The two basal-like cell lines carrying the amplicon (MDA-MB-468, SUM149) and two nonamplified basal-like cell lines (HCC1954, MDA-MB-231) are shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-between-cd44-expression-20hbgrqm.png Table 1 Correlations between CD44 expression, clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemical markers in 245 invasive breast carcinomas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-downregulation-of-cd44-expression-has-no-differential-8d0q4w3u.png Fig. 5 Downregulation of CD44 expression has no differential impact on the proliferation of cell lines with or without the CD44 containing amplicon. Cells were transfected with CD44 siRNA oligonucleotides (CD44si) or non-targeting control siRNA oligonucleotides (CONsi). a Western blot analysis demonstrating efficient downregulation of all CD44 isoforms in all cell lines tested. a-tubulin served as loading control. b Proliferation was analysed for 6 days under high (10%) or low (0.5%) serum conditions and is presented as relative fold increase. The two basal-like cell lines carrying the amplicon (MDA-MB-468, SUM149) and two nonamplified basal-like cell lines (HCC1954, MDA-MB-231) are shown https://scispace.com/papers/cell-free-dna-tissues-of-origin-profiling-to-predict-graft-4xx6el9sns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-infectome-screening-in-hct-patients-a-relative-1dy6qa10.png Figure 3. Infectome screening in HCT patients. A Relative genomic equivalents of Anelloviruses detected 196 before transplant (pre-conditioning and transplant timepoints) and the 3 month timepoint. B Relative 197 genomic equivalents of human herpesviruses by timepoint. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. 198 C Concordance between clinically validated BK PCR test (in blood) and BK cfDNA identification. D BK 199 abundances in blood (PCR test, top), plasma (cfDNA, middle) and urine (PCR test, bottom) in patient 031. 200 201 Tumor-specific and donor-specific cell-free DNA inform cancer relapse and loss of 202 engraftment 203 204 Many studies have established the utility of circulating tumor-specific cfDNA for early 205 cancer detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease. Here, we assessed the utility of 206 cfDNA profiling of cancer-associated copy number alterations (CNAs) as an approach to detect 207 the presence of leukemia-derived DNA in plasma. At the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 208 chromosomal aberrations related to malignant blood disorders are examined using a clinically-209 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-overview-a-cell-free-dna-origins-inform-doxdwre5.png Figure 1. Study overview. A Cell-free DNA origins inform diverse transplant events and complications. B 79 Plasma from 27 HCT recipients was serially collected at 7 or more predetermined timepoints. C Patient 80 cohort characteristics. 81 82 83 84 85 86 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-overview-of-tumor-fraction-estimation-using-copy-1kkid5sr.png Figure 4. A Overview of tumor fraction estimation using copy number alterations. B Tumor fractions as 238 measured through ichorCNA at all collected timepoints. Patients without malignant disease and without 239 CNAs (as identified through targeted sequencing) were used to gauge the error in tumor fraction measured 240 by ichorCNA (up to 12%). C Example of a copy number alteration profile in a patient with a non-malignant 241 blood disorder (with no alterations expected). The few outliers in the coverage plot for patient 008 are likely 242 due to errors in sequence mapping. Genome-wide plots in C-F (top only in F) are colored by ichorCNA’s 243 identification of a given region as neutral (blue), gained (red) or lost (green). D-F Copy number alteration 244 profiles of three patients with measurable copy number alteration-based tumor fractions. D Patient 015 was 245 found to have loss of chromosome 7 at the time of engraftment and in all subsequent samples. E Patient 246 031, over the course of their treatment, developed additional, clinically undetected structural variants. F 247 Patient 003 (deceased on day 91) had detectable tumor fraction and clinical evidence of GVHD. Solid-248 organ derived cell-free DNA was higher than the tumor load (line plot, right-hand side). Top: genome-wide 249 coverage plot. Bottom left: copy number profiles on chromosomes 1 and 5 show a decrease in copy number 250 changes at engraftment (yellow) and subsequent increase at month 3 (blue), when compared to the pre-251 conditioning timepoint (black). Bottom right: Tumor and solid organ derived cfDNA concentration at all 252 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-donor-fractions-and-days-post-transplant-in-sex-388pgaqa.png Figure 5. Donor fractions and days post-transplant in sex-mismatched patients. A The donor fraction is 281 measured from the relative coverage of sex chromosomes (see Methods). B Donor fraction in all sex-282 mismatched patients. C Donor fraction in two patients who experienced disease relapse. 283 284 285 286 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-host-derived-cell-free-dna-dynamics-before-and-2p2zpav9.png Figure 2. Host-derived cell-free DNA dynamics before and after HCT. A UMAP dimensional reduction of 149 cell and tissue methylation profiles. Individual tissues are colored by UMAP coordinates using a linear 150 gradient where each of the four corners is either cyan, magenta, yellow or black. B Examples of cfDNA 151 dynamics in the case of severe GVHD (patient 003, top) and no GVHD (patient 017, bottom) in the first 3 152 months post-transplant. C, D Effect of conditioning and HCT infusion on cfDNA composition (C) and 153 absolute concentration (D). E Solid-organ derived cfDNA concentration in plasma. Top: solid-organ cfDNA 154 and days post-transplant for each patient time point. Bottom: solid organ cfDNA by time point. Samples are 155 removed from analysis if plasma was collected after GVHD diagnosis. * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; 156 *** p-value < 0.001 157 https://scispace.com/papers/cell-wall-fracture-mechanism-in-ultrasonic-assisted-cutting-1ba7s247pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-motion-position-of-the-honeycomb-material-and-2aj2l1nt.png Fig. 1 Relative motion position of the honeycomb material and a straight edge cutter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-image-of-the-process-equipment-used-in-the-experiments-25z6qy4d.png Fig. 7 Image of the process equipment used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-trajectory-of-the-straight-edge-cutter-in-the-14uew83b.png Fig. 4 The trajectory of the straight edge cutter in the honeycomb cell wall. (A = 30 μm, f = 20 kHz, θ= 700, and Ve = 15 m/min) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-cell-structure-of-the-absorbing-honeycomb-material-25j0sd5k.png Fig. 5 The cell structure of the absorbing honeycomb material https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-displacement-and-speed-curves-of-the-straight-edge-3enu68j3.png Fig. 3 Displacement and speed curves of the straight edge cutter(a. Displacement curve, b. Speed curve) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulated-deflection-generated-by-the-cell-wall-3q3pql2e.png Fig. 11 Simulated deflection generated by the cell wall https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-in-plane-stress-time-plot-of-the-cell-wall-a-39f8x5qu.png Fig. 10 The in-plane stress-time plot of the cell wall(a. stress in X-direction, b. stress in Y-direction) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-results-for-the-cell-wall-fracture-2fd4d0jg.png Fig. 9 Simulation results for the cell wall fracture https://scispace.com/papers/cellular-fluorescein-hyperfluorescence-is-dynamin-dependent-dq3d3mdrnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamin-inhibition-reduces-fluorescein-uptake-a-20rwug09.png Figure 4: Dynamin inhibition reduces fluorescein uptake. (A) Effect of dynasore on the intensity of fluorescein uptake by L929 cells after treatment with MPS or (B) for HC cells. To confirm fluorescein uptake inhibition was not caused by a non-specific cytotoxic effect of dynamin-inhibition, the metabolic activity of L929 and HC cells respectively was measured after treatment with MPS, dynasore and fluorescein as above. No significant difference was seen between treatments in (C) L929 and (D) HC cells when compared to control; typical data shown. Metabolic activity is presented as a percentage relative to control and error bars represent the associated 95% CI limits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mps-formulations-mps-are-referred-to-by-biocide-and-3fyzc233.png Table 1: MPS formulations. MPS are referred to by biocide and surfactant combinations. P, PQ1, Aldox, and Alex refer to the biocides PHMB, Polyquaternium-1, Aldox and Alexidine dihydrochloride respectively. 1107, 1304 and 904 refer to surfactants Tetronic 1107, Tetronic 1304 and Tetronic 904 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-mps-treatment-on-cell-viability-a-l929-15mzdv7y.png Figure 2: Effect of MPS-treatment on cell viability. (A) L929 cells stained with fluorescein and propidium iodide after treatment with 0.01% (w/v) BKC for 10min. (B) Metabolic activity in L929 cells assessed using an MTT assay after exposure to MPS with or without 0.01% w/v fluorescein or (C) metabolic activity assessed using an MTT assay in HC cells. Fluorescence microscopy images were taken using 10x magnification and scale bars represent 100μm. All metabolic activity data is presented as a percentage relative to media control and error bars represent 95% CI limits. Data is representative of several experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-tetronic-r-surfactants-in-the-mps-3ml213cp.png Table 2: Composition of Tetronic® surfactants in the MPS formulations used in the study. The number of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) units per block is shown (Alvarez-Lorenzo et al. 2010). https://scispace.com/papers/cellular-organization-in-lab-evolved-and-extant-3v44xxolce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-introducing-correlations-and-structure-can-break-2qqwlvnn.png Figure 4. Introducing correlations and structure can break the maximum entropy distribution. In A-C are PP plots of the observed vs. predictedcumulative distribution function for three different simulations. The colors correspond to increasing levels of noisiness in the simulations, fromred (strongest correlations/determinism) to blue (strongest noise). The dashed black line in each represents y = x, or exact predictive efficacy. (A) Aggregative groups with bimodal size polydispersity; noise is introduced by varying the probability that small cells reproduce into small orlarge cells, and vice versa. (B), Tree-like groups with persistent intercellular bonds that grow according to a growth plan modified by noise in cellplacement. (C), Surface-bound groups with programmed cell death events that may be localized or randomly dispersed. (D) The root meansquare deviation from predicted values for each simulation case. Circles are aggregative simulations from A, triangles are tree-like simulationsfrom B, and squares are surface-bound simulations from C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-figure-supplement-1-three-different-distributions-3hus2ubd.png Figure 2–Figure supplement 1. Three different distributions were tested for goodness-of-fit: the maximum entropy prediction (black line), the normal distribution (red), and the log-normal distribution (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-supplement-1-random-cell-budding-positions-276enjzh.png Figure 1–Figure supplement 1. Random cell budding positions in multicellular yeast groups. (A), Bud scars determine the position of new cell buds, and are distributed across the surface of yeast cells. We locate bud scars in a spherical coordinate system with polar angle and azimuthal angle . (B) Distribution of measured polar angle positions of new cells. (C) Distribution of measured azimuthal angle positions. https://scispace.com/papers/cellular-iot-traffic-characterization-and-evolution-6wj1xzovfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-traffic-per-device-per-4-week-period-1zfwff6j.png Fig. 1. Traffic per device per 4 week period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cluster-centroids-of-the-three-temporal-clusters-from-36lso9b6.png Fig. 10. Cluster centroids of the three temporal clusters from August 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-density-of-spectrum-peaks-vs-periods-of-devices-for-1h73ywtq.png Fig. 9. Density of spectrum peaks vs periods of devices for total traffic for August 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-t-sne-of-sample-of-4400-devices-from-the-three-s59qiog1.png Fig. 11. T-SNE of sample of 4400 devices from the three temporal clusters from August 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-traffic-per-device-per-4-week-period-for-industries-1n3mofd3.png Fig. 2. Traffic per device per 4 week period for industries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ecdf-of-iot-device-mobility-for-august-2018-lyh7hkbd.png Fig. 5. ECDF of IoT device mobility for August 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ecdf-of-the-log-of-uplink-to-downlink-traffic-ratio-4fsv9qyi.png Fig. 4. ECDF of the log of uplink to downlink traffic ratio for August 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-traffic-per-device-per-day-for-august-2018-1l4ojhlz.png Fig. 3. Traffic per device per day for August 2018 https://scispace.com/papers/central-amygdala-circuits-modulate-food-consumption-through-11m63r12p7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cea-htr2a-neurons-increase-activity-during-food-2qsebt3y.png Figure 3. CeA Htr2a neurons increase activity during food consumption 1085 a, Position of the GRIN lens above GCaMP6s-expressing CeAHtr2a-Cre neurons. b, Scheme of free-1086 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cea-neuronal-modulators-of-feeding-behavior-form-34gfdz9l.png Figure 5. CeA neuronal modulators of feeding behavior form reciprocal inhibitory 1135 connections. 1136 a, Scheme of whole-cell recording from CeAHtr2a- neurons in Htr2a-Cre;tdTomato slices 1137 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ceahtr2a-neuron-activity-is-positively-reinforcing-1olao8fm.png Figure 4. CeAHtr2a neuron activity is positively reinforcing and modulates reward 1110 consumption. 1111 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ceahtr2a-neurons-are-required-for-normal-food-czgifbf2.png Figure 2. CeAHtr2a neurons are required for normal food consumption. 1063 a, Viral delivery of AAV-flex-dtA into the CeA of Htr2a-Cre mice. b, Representative images of 1064 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ceahtr2a-neuron-inhibition-of-the-pbn-is-rewarding-2ng9jkie.png Figure 6. CeAHtr2a neuron inhibition of the PBN is rewarding and modulates 1156 consummatory behaviour. 1157 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ceahtr2a-neurons-increase-food-consumption-1024-a-2urpip0i.png Figure 1. CeAHtr2a neurons increase food consumption. 1024 a, Representative image of the CeA from Htr2a-Cre;floxed-lacZ mouse immunostained for-β-Gal 1025 https://scispace.com/papers/century-of-manual-remote-control-automation-autonomy-and-v0iu5gghvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-general-hierarchy-of-systems-2wdfx5qa.png Fig. 3. General hierarchy of systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-control-loop-8ij163aq.png Fig. 1. Control loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-control-hierarchy-3btz3dfa.png Fig. 2. Control hierarchy. https://scispace.com/papers/ceo-pay-incentives-and-risk-taking-evidence-from-bank-14l47mhzq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ceo-incentives-and-the-default-risk-effects-of-bank-13fvy1yn.png Table 8: CEO Incentives and the Default Risk Effects of Bank M&A Before and After Deregulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-ceo-pay-and-the-default-risk-effects-of-m-a-by-35pu9jl0.png Table 9: CEO Pay and the Default Risk Effects of M&A By Bidding Bank Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bidding-ceo-incentive-structures-2kyadzwa.png Table 4: Bidding CEO Incentive Structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-deal-characteristics-and-bidding-bank-industry-1f7mzbdh.png Table 3: Deal Characteristics and Bidding Bank Industry-adjusted Distance to Default ( IADD), by Bidding Bank Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-of-control-variables-ewlw0fb5.png Table 5: Summary Statistics of Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-robustness-tests-37qbtqrf.png Table 10: Robustness Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ceo-incentives-and-the-default-risk-effects-of-bank-2f8n1sgg.png Table 6: CEO Incentives and the Default Risk Effects of Bank M&A https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-m-a-on-bidding-bank-industry-adjusted-2r7ssceg.png Table 2: The Effects of M&A on Bidding Bank Industry-adjusted Distance to Default ( IADD) https://scispace.com/papers/ceramic-comales-at-the-barillas-site-cal-1255-1390-ce-388wxv34hc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p-xrf-results-for-clay-samples-expressed-in-wt-and-3inipfvz.png Table 4: p-XRF results for clay samples expressed in wt.% and ppm, together with the geographical coordinates (UTM, WGS84), extension and depth expressed in meter for each clay outcrop, list of the clay samples clustered in groups according to PCA [15], and list of the petrographic groups of archaeological ceramics clustered to clay outcrops according to PCA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-docx-table-19rlvclo.png Table 4: p-XRF results for clay samples expressed in wt.% and ppm, together with the geographical coordinates (UTM, WGS84), extension and depth expressed in meter for each clay outcrop, list of the clay samples clustered in groups according to PCA [15], and list of the petrographic groups of archaeological ceramics clustered to clay outcrops according to PCA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pdf-figure-3ipuzg0h.png Figure 1.pdf [Figure] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-petrographic-analysis-xe1hggsf.png Table 1: Summary of the petrographic analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pxrf-results-of-archaeological-ceramics-tnk5v2tu.png Table 2: pXRF results of archaeological ceramics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-and-standard-deviation-for-the-petrographic-3680cbtg.png Table 3: Average and standard deviation for the petrographic groups. https://scispace.com/papers/ceramic-fibre-reinforced-refractory-castables-for-very-high-1wqksn03m4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-designation-and-properties-of-reinforcing-fibres-2x901uys.png Table 1. Designation and properties of reinforcing fibres https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-point-bending-behaviour-curves-of-concrete-fired-390ozhdx.png Fig. 1. Four-point bending behaviour curves of concrete fired and tested at high temperature between 700 8C et 1200 8C: a) unreinforced (And-NF), b) Nextel 610m (And-N6) and c) Nextel 720m (AndN7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-observation-of-diffuse-damage-developed-during-a-900-2d5ts1nn.png Fig. 6. Observation of diffuse damage developed during a 900 8C fourpoint bending test (interrupted before the peak stress) in an andalusite based castable reinforced with 2 vol.% of: (a) Nextel720m fibres (b) Nextel610m fibres. White arrows indicate microcracks deviation phenomena to fibres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observation-of-and-n7-grade-at-room-temperature-after-2xtsl4sk.png Fig. 7. Observation of And-N7 grade at room temperature after an interrupted four-point bending test at 1200 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fracture-surface-of-an-and-n7-sample-after-a-bending-q443nh3t.png Fig. 4. Fracture surface of an And-N7 sample after a bending test at 900 8C (SEM micrograph). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fracture-surfaces-of-nextel-720m-fibres-and-264erctz.png Fig. 5. Fracture surfaces of Nextel 720m fibres and surrounding matrix after four-point bending tests in the temperature range 700 8C to 1200 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-and-nf-and-n6-and-and-n7-grades-anisothermal-creep-1yjntm6o.png Fig. 3. And-NF, And-N6 and And-N7 grades anisothermal creep behaviour under 2 MPa (four-point bending) until 1200 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crosshead-speed-effect-on-four-point-bending-behaviour-1a1bek15.png Fig. 2. Crosshead speed effect on four-point bending behaviour at 900 8C of the three grades: (a) 0.2 mm/min and (b) 0.02 mm/min. https://scispace.com/papers/cerebral-pathology-in-immunodeficient-gnotobiotic-laboratory-ffg0ul5tco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figs-1-8-fig-1-meningitis-in-a-b10-pl-mouse-the-pia-is-2jiql3s4.png Figs 1-8. Fig. 1. Meningitis in a B10.PL mouse. The pia is thickened by infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyperemia. Chrome hematoxylin-phloxin, 200. Fig. 2. Fragment of meninges in a TCRä-/- mouse. Note the extremely dilated subarachnoid space and a dilated superficial vein with hemosiderin deposits. A hemorrhage is observed in the subarachnoid space. Giemsa stain, 200. Fig. 3. Meningeal vein at higher magnification in a â2m-/- animal. Part of the vessel is filled with a homogenous mass of hemosiderin. Giemsa stain, 400. Fig. 4. Hemosiderin and lipofuscin deposits in the meningeas and meningeal vessels in a â2m-/- animal. Giemsa stain, 200. Fig. 5. Strongly dilated vein of choroid plexus III with small and medium-sized hemosiderin deposits in a TCRä-/- mouse, 400. Fig. 6. Cerebral hemisphere in a case of severe hydrocephalus in a â2m-/- mouse. Note the disappearance and shrinkage of neurons and gliosis. Giemsa stain, 160. Fig. 7. Strongly distended lumen of the III brain ventricle with reduction of the glandular tissue of the pineal gland in a B10.PL mouse. Giemsa stain, 200. Fig. 8. Pineal tumor in a CD1-/- mouse. Chrome hematoxylin-phloxin, 200. https://scispace.com/papers/ch2r-a-chinese-chatter-robot-for-online-shopping-guide-3m48cf0j8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-algorithm-of-question-type-pattern-recognition-2dqv9pjm.png Figure 5. Algorithm of question type pattern recognition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-algorithm-of-sentence-structure-similarity-rmgybuba.png Figure 6. Algorithm of sentence structure similarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-dialogue-of-ch2r-v920598j.png Figure 1. Example dialogue of Ch2R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fragment-of-dsem-table-mobile-phone-domain-1d2llvp8.png Table 1. Fragment of DSem-table (Mobile phone domain). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fragment-of-esem-table-mobile-phone-domain-208vztqv.png Table 2. Fragment of ESem-table (Mobile phone domain). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-screenshot-of-ch2r-in-web-based-application-form-as0mdxl1.png Figure 7. Screenshot of Ch2R in Web-based application form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-framework-of-ch2r-27m7hqab.png Figure 2. System framework of Ch2R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overall-statistical-results-4qp35793.png Table 3. Overall statistical results. https://scispace.com/papers/cfd-simulation-of-solids-suspension-in-stirred-tanks-review-m5721pc2aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grid-size-for-the-whole-tank-and-system-2an6zh8l.png Table 1. Grid size for the whole tank and system specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-drag-models-2hp451kl.png Table 3. Drag models https://scispace.com/papers/chain-extender-effect-of-3-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionic-acid-316i559sn3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-pbs-pps-pbsa-and-their-composites-32387x4w.png Fig. 2. XRD patterns of PBS, PPS, PBSA and their composites compared https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-complex-viscosity-versus-frequency-of-a-pbs-and-its-3qjhb6ig.png Fig. 8. Complex viscosity versus frequency of a) PBS and its composites, b) PBSA and its composites, c) PPS and its composites; Cole–Cole plots of d) PBS and its composites, e) PBSA and its composites, f) PPS and its composite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-possible-model-structure-of-the-materials-prepared-3prrpazs.png Fig. 3. Possible model structure of the materials prepared. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dsc-thermograms-of-a-pbs-and-its-composites-cooling-32tslv75.png Fig. 4. DSC thermograms of a) PBS and its composites (cooling scan and 2 nd heating scan); b) PBSA and its composites (cooling scan and 2 nd heating scan); c) PPS and its composites (2 nd heating scan). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-pbs-pps-pbs-1k2254df.png Fig. 1. Chemical Structures of PBS, PPS, PBS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-thermogravimetric-curves-of-pbs-and-its-composites-yfrj6z27.png Fig. 5. Thermogravimetric curves of PBS and its composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-thermogravimetric-curves-of-pbsa-and-its-composites-b3ejkodb.png Fig. 6. Thermogravimetric curves of PBSA and its composites. https://scispace.com/papers/chain-length-dependence-of-the-helix-orientation-in-langmuir-3d63lnflna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electron-density-profiles-corresponding-to-the-two-9t3ohfn8.png Figure 2. Electron density profiles corresponding to the two-slab fits for the LB monolayers of PLGA-b-PMLGSLGs transferred at 35-45 mN/m on silicon substrates. The smooth curves depict the electron density profiles corresponding to the curve fits, while the step-like curves show the same electron density profiles assuming all interface roughnesses to be equal to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transmission-ft-ir-spectra-of-the-lb-monolayer-of-3ryp1eba.png Figure 1. (a) Transmission FT-IR spectra of the LB monolayer of CoPo_63_39 deposited at 40 mN/m (solid line) and the LB film of (tBuLG)63-b-(MLGSLG)39 deposited at 20 mN/m (2 layers on each side of the silicon substrate, dotted line); (b) transmission FT-IR spectra of the LB monolayer of CoPo_50_11 deposited at 40 mN/m (solid line) and the LB film of (tBuLG)50-b-(MLGSLG)11 deposited at 20 mN/m (4 layers on each side of the silicon substrate, dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-slab-fit-parameters-for-the-x-ray-reflectivity-29zvpo59.png Table 1. Two-slab fit parameters for the X-ray reflectivity curves of the PLGA-b-PMLGSLG LB monolayers transferred onto silicon substrates https://scispace.com/papers/challenge-of-capturing-socially-generated-land-values-2xk9ls8j0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-land-value-capture-mechanisms-kcnng0cz.png Table 1 Evaluation of Land Value Capture Mechanisms https://scispace.com/papers/challenges-for-the-self-safety-in-autonomous-vehicles-11xxsyezb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-layered-architecture-idrqavy4.png Fig. 1. Framework layered architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-between-reconfigurable-system-2e1433c9.png TABLE II COMPARISON BETWEEN RECONFIGURABLE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES UPON CONTEXT CHANGES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-implications-of-the-technologies-combination-and-2727dwuf.png TABLE III IMPLICATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGIES COMBINATION AND IMPACT ON FRAMEWORK AND SEMANTIC ORCHESTRATOR (READ FROM ROW TO COLUMN) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-capabilities-and-functions-in-the-autonomous-vehicle-2jaausuj.png TABLE I CAPABILITIES AND FUNCTIONS IN THE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TO PERFORM DYNAMIC DRIVING TASKS https://scispace.com/papers/challenges-for-hydropower-based-nationally-determined-2dh066a3a7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-electricity-installed-capacity-b-generation-and-c-235abtsz.png Figure 3. (a) Electricity installed capacity, (b) generation and (c) demand in Ecuador per scenarios for the period 2015-2050. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-electricity-installed-capacity-and-b-generation-23fowdqh.png Figure 1. (a) Electricity installed capacity and (b) generation shares in Ecuador according to the conditional NDC and the Electricity Master Plan 2016-2025. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-results-for-installed-capacity-and-annual-22uftuoy.png Table 2. Main results for installed capacity and annual average generation in Ecuador per scenario by 2050. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-evolution-of-annual-electricity-related-ghg-387a6vsd.png Figure 4. (a) Evolution of annual electricity-related GHG emissions. (b) Trade-off among hydropower generation, average generation cost and total cumulative GHG emissions for the 2017-2050 period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scenario-trade-off-analysis-relative-to-the-ndc-1ofadasb.png Table 3. Scenario trade-off analysis relative to the NDC scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ecuadors-main-hydrographic-regions-and-basins-b-1xei4w9v.png Figure 2. (a) Ecuador’s main hydrographic regions and basins, (b) Average normalised runoff in the Amazon and Pacific regions (2006-2015). The shaded areas show the range of maximum and minimum runoff registered values. (c) Installed and remaining hydropower potential in Ecuador per basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-scenarios-1hl267nb.png Table 1. Overview of scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/challenges-in-freshwater-management-in-low-coral-atolls-1j284onwyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-shallow-groundwater-salinity-as-electrical-3kwjw67l.png Fig. 4. Changes in shallow groundwater salinity (as electrical conductivity, EC) in an infiltration gallery pumping station near the centre of the Bonriki freshwater lens, Tarawa atoll, Kiribati. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-change-in-the-freshwater-depth-at-the-edge-of-a-large-c5trhd5e.png Fig. 3. Change in the freshwater depth at the edge of a large freshwater lens Bonriki island, Tarawa atoll, Kiribati. Droughts in 1984, 1989, 1996 and 1998e 2002 are evident by comparison with the 12 month rainfall percentile ranking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-salinity-electrical-conductivity-ec-profile-depth-2n4lq4xq.png Fig. 2. Salinity (electrical conductivity, EC) profile (depth below ground surface, GS) through a fresh groundwater lens in Bonriki island, Kiribati. The limit of freshwater in atolls is usually taken as EC ¼ 2500 mS/cm so that the thickness of freshwater at this location is around 16 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vertically-exaggerated-cross-section-through-a-low-3369riws.png Fig. 1. Vertically exaggerated cross-section through a low coral island showing the fresh groundwater lens surrounded by seawater. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-coli-contamination-of-infiltration-gallery-pumping-1uqzmhv9.png Fig. 5. E. coli contamination of infiltration gallery pumping stations at Bonriki water reserve, Tarawa atoll, Kiribati, which is related to agricultural and human land use. https://scispace.com/papers/challenges-of-parameterizing-ccn-due-to-changes-in-particle-2w4psu2y41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-ncn-as-a-function-of-measured-nccn-for-iv8r8xqv.png Figure 4. Measured NCN as a function of measured NCCN for different supersaturation levels at the Xinzhou (left panel) and Xianghe (right panel) sites. The scatter plot between CCN_Obs and CN_Obs were fitted with a linear function (in colored lines) and R2 refer to the correlations of them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-sensitivity-of-nccn-to-both-organics-volume-5q7bp03o.png Figure 5. The sensitivity of NCCN to both organics volume fraction (xorg) and oxidation level (using f44, the fraction of m/z 44 in aerosol organic material) of organics at supersaturation levels of (a) 0.075, (b) 0.13, (c) 0.17, and (d) 0.76 % for cases when xorg = 35 % (blue circles), 52 % (green circles), and 66 % (red circles). The size-resolved CCN data were sorted when the xorg > 60 %, 50 % < xorg < 60 %, and xorg < 40 %, respectively, to do the sensitivity examination. Linear best-fit lines through each group of points are shown. Slopes and R 2 values are given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-slopes-of-the-linear-fit-of-estimated-and-observed-6hty2wts.png Figure 6. Slopes of the linear fit of estimated and observed NCCN dependence on volume fraction of organics (xorg) at f44 < 11 and f44 > 15 % for different supersaturation levels. Mean values of the hygroscopic parameter κchem at f44 < 11 % when xorg > 60 %, 50 % < xorg < 60 %, 40 % < xorg < 50 %, and xorg < 40 % are 0.27, 0.34, 0.40, and 0.46, respectively, while atf44 > 15 % the value increased to 0.36, 0.42, 0.46, and 0.50, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-ccn-efficiency-spectra-at-the-xinzhou-site-wgt6dys8.png Figure 1. Mean CCN efficiency spectra at the Xinzhou site (black lines with asterisks) measured from 22 July to 26 August 2014 and at the Xianghe site (red lines with circles) site measured from 7 to 21 July 2013 for different supersaturation levels. Error bars representing 1 standard deviation are shown. Right panels show particle chemical composition in terms of mass concentration fractions at Xinzhou (top panel) and Xianghe (bottom panel) during their respective observation periods. The campaign average mass concentration of PM1 is 31.6 and 72.4 µg m−3 at Xinzhou and Xianghe, respectively. Note that the preset supersaturation levels were 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 % at both sites, but effective supersaturation levels showed slightly different after calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-nccn-as-a-function-of-observed-nccn-for-3mxkhtu1.png Figure 7. Estimated NCCN as a function of observed NCCN for different supersaturation levels at (a) Xinzhou and (b) Xianghe. Note that the campaign mean CCN efficiency spectra at Xinzhou are used for estimating NCCN at Xianghe. Linear best-fit lines through each group of points are shown. Slopes and R2 values are given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-five-day-back-trajectories-for-case-1-in-red-case-2-pekdgwtr.png Figure 3. Five-day back trajectories for Case 1 (in red), Case 2 (in blue), and Case 3 (in green) calculated using the Hybrid SingleParticle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model with National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data. The arrival height of the trajectories at the Xinzhou site was at the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-particle-number-size-distribution-psd-and-ccn-size-19k0uowx.png Figure 2. Particle number size distribution (PSD) and CCN size distributions (left panels) and CCN efficiency spectra (right panels) at different supersaturation levels for Case 1 (upper panels; 19 August 2014, 19:00–21:00 LT), Case 2 (middle panels; 9 August 2014, 03:00– 10:00 LT), and Case 3 (bottom panels; 29 July 2014, 00:00–12:00 LT). Total CN number concentrations are 16 671, 12 869, and 10 134 cm−3 for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. Mass concentrations of PM1 are 28.36, 81.45, and 78.73 µg m −3 for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/chandra-observations-of-a-1-9-kpc-separation-double-x-ray-50oc1cg2j5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chandra-x-ray-image-of-the-field-of-sdss-j171544-05-3q4nha4e.png Figure 2. Chandra X-ray image of the field of SDSS J171544.05+600835.7 using events in the 0.5–8 keV range (left), data smoothed with a 3 pixel radius Gaussian kernel (center), and image of the two-component β-profile model (right). All images are 4′′ on a side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-segments-of-the-two-dimensional-lick-kast-spectra-3ftb5hcz.png Figure 1. Segments of the two-dimensional Lick/Kast spectra at position angle 32.◦9 east of north (top) and position angle 120.◦7 east of north (middle), and the SDSS spectrum (bottom) for SDSS J171544.05+600835.7. Each spectrum is shifted to the rest frame of the host galaxy and centered on the rest wavelength of [O iii] λ5007 (dotted vertical line). In the Lick/Kast spectra, night-sky emission features have been subtracted and both vertical axes span 11.′′7 (31.8 h−170 kpc at the z = 0.1569 redshift of the galaxy). The double peaks in [O iii] λ5007 in the SDSS spectrum correspond to spatially offset double emission features in the Lick/Kast spectra, suggesting the presence of dual AGNs with a line-of-sight velocity separation of 350 km s−1 and a projected spatial separation of 1.9 h−170 kpc (or 0. ′′68) on the sky. Chandra observations support the presence of dual AGNs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sdss-image-of-sdss-j171544-05-600835-7-unlike-the-3tzz66p0.png Figure 3. SDSS image of SDSS J171544.05+600835.7. Unlike the dual AGN host galaxies known to date, this galaxy has no indication of extreme star formation or an unusual morphology. This image reveals no tidal features or companions, and no structure on scales 0.′′1 is reported from K ′-band adaptive optics imaging (Fu et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/papers/chandra-observations-of-excess-fe-ka-line-emission-in-2wq21o6j20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sky-map-of-all-sources-in-the-cdfs-7-ms-catalog-22rr0aws.png Figure 1. The sky map of all sources in the CDFS 7 Ms catalog (gray) and the cross-match sources (see Section 3 for detials) with Herschel observations and optical SED fitting in Santini et al. (2015) (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-redshifts-and-x-ray-luminosities-distribution-vrqie83y.png Figure 4. Left: redshifts and X-ray luminosities distribution of all 289 cross-matched sources. These cross-matched sources are separated into two groups based on their SFRFIR: high-SFR group are shown as blue diamonds with SFRFIR 17M☉ yr−1, and low-SFR group are represented as cyan dots with SFRFIR < 17M☉ yr−1. Far-IR values are adopted from Mullaney et al. (2012). We further select those with z= 0.5–2.0 and good S/N (see details in Section 3) from the cross-matched sources to perform stacking analysis. Right: SFRFIR vs.M* of our selected sources. Stellar masses are adopted from Santini et al. (2015). Low-SFR and high-SFR groups are shown as large dots and diamonds, respectively. Solid lines are main-sequence relations at different redshift bins (orange: z= 0.5–1, red: z= 1–1.5, magenta: z = 1.5–2) adopted from Speagle et al. (2014). The widths of these relations are taken as ±0.2 dex scatters. SFR affects EW(Fe) more significantly than sSFR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-output-and-input-ew-fe-values-in-25v8gg4q.png Figure 3. Comparison between output and input EW(Fe) values in simulations. The simulated spectra follow the same distributions as the secure spectroscopic redshift and photon index of our selected sample. Blue points are sources with high LIR, and cyan points are those with low LIR (sample selection see Section 3). The EW(Fe) value of individual simulated spectrum is drawn randomly from a Gaussian distribution with means from 0.2 to 0.8 keV. The dashed green line shows a one-to-one relation. After conducting the stacking analysis, the fit EW(Fe) of the stacked spectrum is slightly lower but still consistent with the input mean within ∼80%, regardless of the FWHM value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stacked-spectra-in-grouped-cdfs-7-ms-sources-3u6wbxr1.png Figure 2. Stacked spectra in grouped CDFS 7 Ms sources, divided by NH and band ratio (Br) from the catalog (98 sources with low Br and NH, 69 sources with high Br and low NH, and 88 sources with high Br and NH). The average spectra show clear Fe Kα lines at 6.4 keV with an EW as high as 0.56 keV. The gradient blue represents the obscuration level (higher NH with darker blue), while the gradient pink represents the value of Br indicating the obscuration level (higher Br and more obscured with darker pink). Blue dots and purple lines show the stacked fluxes in each energy bin and the best fits, respectively. Dashed lines show the Gaussian component of the best fits. The critical values of Br = 0.8 and =Nlog 23.2H are approximately the median values of selected sources. The group with higher Br and higher NH shows the highest EW(Fe). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stacked-spectra-between-5-8-kev-of-32-sources-with-1sbc9xhx.png Figure 5. Stacked spectra between 5–8 keV of 32 sources with low SFR (top panel) and 25 sources with high SFR (bottom panel) in the far-IR. Net flux is shown in blue with errors derived from bootstrap resampling. Solid lines show the best fits, and dashed lines show the Gaussian component of the best fits. The higher SFR spectrum shows a much stronger iron line, with the EW(Fe) increasing by a factor close to 3. https://scispace.com/papers/change-decisions-in-product-development-projects-1vrkughenn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identified-alternative-patterns-in-change-decision-1a1ej03y.png Figure 2: Identified alternative patterns in change decision making. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-projects-in-this-study-and-their-relative-3kvr1ymt.png Table 1: Case projects in this study and their relative characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-management-system-in-the-case-projects-1ojnhfhz.png Figure 1: Change management system in the case projects covered four different approaches. https://scispace.com/papers/change-in-frozen-soils-and-its-effect-on-regional-hydrology-54yo93z7de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-basin-water-balance-906-36sgx28b.png Table 3 Changes in basin water balance 906 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-simulated-and-the-observed-daily-2gwj5wtg.png Figure 6. Comparison of the simulated and the observed daily river discharge at: (a) 832 the Yingluoxia Gauge, (b) the Qilian Gauge, and (c) the Zhamashike Gauge. 833 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spatial-averaged-monthly-soil-temperature-during-1ypc4h4k.png Figure 11. Spatial averaged monthly soil temperature during the period of 1961-2013 in different 801 elevation intervals: (a) the seasonally frozen ground with elevation between 3300-3500 m; (b) the 802 areas where permafrost changed to seasonally frozen ground with elevation between 3500-3700 m 803 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-parameters-of-the-gbehm-model-899-2ox9mmn3.png Table 1 Major parameters of the GBEHM model 899 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-performance-of-the-daily-streamflow-simulation-376tycs6.png Table 2 Model performance of the daily streamflow simulation 903 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-permafrost-and-seasonally-frozen-2mgronb5.png Figure 10. Distribution of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground: (a) distribution in 854 the period of 1971-1980; (b) distribution in the period of 2001-2010; (c) percentage of 855 areas of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground at sunny slope; (d) percentage of 856 areas of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground at shaded slope (the same legend as 857 (c)) 858 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-upper-reaches-of-heihe-river-are-located-on-the-2izdwiqt.png Figure 1, the upper reaches of Heihe River are located on the Northeastern Qinghai-129 Tibetan Plateau at an elevation of 2200-5000 m and with a drainage area of 10009 km2, 130 it supplies most of the water resources to the middle and lower reach (Cheng et al., 131 2014). The annual precipitation in the upper Heihe basin ranges from 200 to 700 mm, 132 and the annual mean air temperature ranges from -9 to 5℃. Permafrost dominates high 133 elevation region above 3700 m (Wang et al., 2013) and seasonal frozen ground covers 134 other parts of the study area. Glaciers are found at an elevation above 4000 m, covering 135 approximately 0.8% of the upper Heihe basin. There are two tributaries (East and West 136 Tributaries) in the upper Heihe basin, on which two hydrological stations are located, 137 namely, Qilian (on the east tributary) and Zhamashike (on the west tributary). The outlet 138 of the upper Heihe basin has a hydrological station, namely Yingluoxia (see Figure 1). 139 2.2 Data used in the study 140 (1) Input data of the model 141 The atmosphere forcing data used to drive the hydrological model include a 1-km 142 resolution gridded dataset of daily precipitation, air temperature, sunshine hours, wind 143 speed and relative humidity. The gridded daily precipitation is interpolated from 144 observations at meteorological stations (see Figure 1) provided by the China 145 Meteorological Administration (CMA) using the method developed by Shen and Xiong 146 (2015). The other atmosphere forcing data are interpolated by observations at 147 meteorological stations using the inverse distance weighted method. The interpolation 148 of air temperature considers the temperature gradient with elevation which is provided 149 by the HiWATER experiment (Li et al., 2013). 150 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-simulated-and-observed-daily-10k3k811.png Figure 4. Comparison of the simulated and observed daily frozen depths during the 825 period of 2002-2014 at: (a) the Qilian station, (b) the Yeniugou station 826 https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-bird-distribution-in-a-central-european-country-l7wsxaokwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-species-richness-total-number-of-species-1jh0kqsz.png Table 1 Changes in species richness (total number of species in the country) and occupancy (number of occupied mapping squares) of birds in the Czech Republic between 578 1985–1989 and 2001–2003 as revealed by the country-wide breeding distribution altas mapping. Species were sorted into groups defined by their habitat requirements, 579 migratory strategy, European distribution and legal protection status in the Czech Republic. Statistics refer to single sample t-tests that tested the significance of change in 580 occupancy of each group between the mapping periods. Significant differences (P < 0.05) are in bold type and those significant after the Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0031) 581 are underlined. Tests were performed with (a) and without (b) 14 species that colonized the country or went extinct between the mapping periods. See Methods section for a 582 detailed description of the calculation of change in occupancy and for more details on the sorting of species into the ecological groups 583 584 https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-dynamic-transitions-between-integrated-and-4jkih2iemx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-altered-temporal-properties-of-dynamic-functional-25qud59z.png Figure 2. Altered temporal properties of dynamic functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson’s and visual hallucinations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neurotransmitter-correlates-of-integrated-to-3e95caga.png Figure 4. Neurotransmitter correlates of Integrated-to-Segregated state transition. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-euro-area-monetary-transmission-4eg2z9eoly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-irfs-to-monetary-policy-shock-for-the-sub-sample-2sa77o7o.png Figure 4: IRFs to monetary policy shock for the sub-sample 1980:1 – 1996:1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-irfs-to-monetary-policy-shock-for-the-whole-sample-qxnbgl1p.png Figure 1: IRFs to monetary policy shock for the whole sample period (1980:1 – 2006:4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ploberger-kramer-and-kontrus-fluctuation-test-1989-1feg9c1o.png Figure 3: Ploberger, Krämer and Kontrus fluctuation test (1989) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-differences-between-irfs-of-the-first-sub-sample-89cnsocq.png Figure 8: Differences between IRFs of the first sub-sample (1980:1-1996:1) and the third sub-sample (1999:1 – 2006:4) with 95% confidence interval https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-irfs-to-monetary-policy-shock-for-the-sub-sample-10nudthk.png Figure 6: IRFs to monetary policy shock for the sub-sample 1980:1-1996:1 and for the sub-sample 1996:2-2006:4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-irfs-to-monetary-policy-shock-for-the-sub-sample-1debjqmu.png Figure 7: IRFs to monetary policy shock for the sub-sample 1980:1-1996:1 and for the sub-sample 1999:1-2006:4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-irfs-to-monetary-policy-shock-for-the-sub-sample-20osrr95.png Figure 5: IRFs to monetary policy shock for the sub-sample 1996:2 – 2006:4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-split-chow-test-bootstrapped-p-values-1000-222tmn0e.png Figure 2: Sample-split Chow-test: bootstrapped p-values (1,000 replications) https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-forest-structure-fuels-and-potential-fire-23qh14s1jv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-and-range-of-tree-stems-10-cm-in-diameter-density-3fz6iheh.png Fig. 3. Mean and range of tree (stems >10 cm in diameter) density in reference and contemporary mixed conifer forests (n = 12) in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. Format as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ordination-of-simulated-fire-behaviour-for-2lgqzogi.png Fig. 6. Ordination of simulated fire behaviour for contemporary (C) and reference (R) forest types for average fuel conditions with variable weather (a) and average weather conditions with variable fuels (b) in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. Lines radiating from the centroid show correlation vectors of fire behaviour variables with ordination axes. All correlation vectors have r2 values >0.6, and vector length represents strength of the correlation. The fire behaviour variables are flame length (FL), rate of spread (ROS), crowning index (CI) and torching index (TI); forest types are Jeffrey pine (JP), mixed conifer (MC), red fir (RF) and lodgepole pine (LP). Significant (P < 0.01) Pearson correlation coefficients of variables with axis 1 and 2 scores are given in parenthesis. See S4 for additional fire behaviour simulation results for each weather and fuel scenario for reference and contemporary forests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-range-surface-fuel-characteristics-estimated-22wjbmog.png Table 1. Mean (range) surface fuel characteristics estimated for reference (Ref.) and contemporary (Con.) forests in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA, using the fire and fuels extension of the forest vegetation simulation (FFE-FVS), photo series, planar intercept transects and table values (Tables) from van Wagtendonk & Moore (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-range-canopy-fuel-characteristics-for-reference-elii3sh9.png Table 2. Mean (range) canopy fuel characteristics for reference and contemporary forests in the Lake Tahoe Basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-upper-80th-90th-and-98th-percentile-weather-3moq0ygk.png Table 3. Upper 80th, 90th and 98th percentile weather conditions for weather and fuel moisture used for fire behaviour simulations for reference and contemporary forest conditions in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-and-range-of-tree-stems-10-cm-in-diameter-density-1m7o7mzr.png Fig. 2. Mean and range of tree (stems >10 cm in diameter) density in reference and contemporary Jeffrey pine forests (n = 11) in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. The ‘X’ symbol denotes the mean, and the vertical line depicts the range for each size class. Note the y-axis scale is different on each graph. Bins are classified by the lowest DBH included in the bin. For example, the 10 cm bin includes trees 10 to 20 cm DBH. Every other bin is labeled on the x-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-and-range-of-tree-stems-10-cm-in-diameter-density-1tx6pi82.png Fig. 4. Mean and range of tree (stems >10 cm in diameter) density in reference and contemporary red fir forests (n = 6) in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. Format as in Fig. 2. Not shown for contemporary forests are Jeffrey pine in the 10-cm (mean = 1.3, range 0–4) and 30-cm (mean = 0.7, range 0–2) size classes, and white fir in the 20-cm (mean = 0.3, range 0–2) and 30-cm (mean = 0.3, range 0–2) size classes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-and-range-of-tree-stems-10-cm-in-diameter-density-1mae38ol.png Fig. 5. Mean and range of tree (stems >10 cm in diameter) density in reference and contemporary lodgepole pine (n = 3) in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA. Format as in Fig. 2. Not shown for contemporary forests are Jeffrey pine in the 40-cm (mean = 0.7, range 0–2) size class, and white fir in the 30-cm (mean = 1.0, range 0–2) size class. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-grasping-kinematics-due-to-different-start-11h5yelk0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-s7r2tr0o.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-39bmem2v.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plaioklz.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2lt2exwb.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hqvq2pl6.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3opwxlqz.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2iiob5a0.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3ed5e5g8.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-islet-plasma-membrane-calcium-atpase-activity-and-4q193ruc6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measurement-of-ca2-i-in-islets-isolated-from-c-and-frd-lj1f4vi3.png Fig. 5. Measurement of [Ca2+]i in islets isolated from C and FRD rats. Panel A: Islet [Ca2+]i increased when glucose concentration in the perifusion medium shifted from 3.3 mM to either 16.6 mM or 32.0 mM. Panel B: The same effect was observed in the presence of 30 mM K+ in the medium. Charts are representative of 6 individual experiments. Panel C: FRD islets (black bars) showed significantly higher [Ca2+]i than C islets (white bars) at both glucose concentrations tested (3.3 mM, *p<0.005; and 16.6 mM **p <0.01). Units are expressed as relative values with respect to the levels measured in C islets and represent the means ± SEM of 6 independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pancreatic-islets-stained-with-pmca-5f10-antibody-pmca-j93jixgw.png Fig. 6. Pancreatic islets stained with PMCA 5F10 antibody. PMCA immunopositive cells were found in the periphery (non-β cells) and in the central zone (β cells) of the islets in C (left panel) and FRD (right panel) rats. No marked changes were observed in the PMCA distribution pattern between groups (× 40) . https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-plant-diversity-and-its-relationship-with-9vev0eeds0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-paired-meta-analyses-assessing-the-relations-of-3n2ri7ur.png Fig. 4 Paired meta-analyses assessing the relations of combined effects against the sum of corresponding individual effects of nitrogen (N) addition, warming, and increased rainfall. Data are reported as natural log-response ratio (lnRR), and only studies reporting individual and combined effects simultaneously are included in a given regression. Linear regression lines are shown in red, 95% confidence intervals are shown within the shaded red section, and the p-values and R 2 for linear regressions are given. The 1:1 lines are shown in gray, and regression are considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-standardized-direct-and-indirect-effects-derived-1dy589wt.png Fig. 5 The standardized direct and indirect effects derived from the structural equation models (SEMs) for N addition (a), warming (b), and increased rainfall (c) on the effect size (lnRR) of plant species richness, Shannon-Wiener index (H'), and evenness. These effects describe the influence of the variables depicted in the x axis on lnRR of each global change driver on species richness, diversity, and evenness. Due to the lack of sufficient data of H' and evenness for increased rainfall to conduct SEM, only results of species richness for increased rainfall are shown. See Table S2 in Supporting Information for results of the goodness-of-fit test for each SEM. Asterisks indicate statistically significant direct effects, and number of data points used in the analysis within each group are shown in brackets. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-natural-log-response-ratio-lnrr-of-n-addition-on-21ovdv84.png Fig. 6 The natural log response ratio (lnRR) of N addition on aboveground biomass, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index (H') as a function of experimental duration and the relationships between aboveground biomass ratio (i.e., treatment/control) and lnRR of N addition on species richness and H' across all data points. Fitted regressions (red line), the corresponding 95% credible intervals (shaded), slope estimates, and number of data points (n) are shown. Observations were included only when data for both diversity and biomass were provided in each sampling event. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-location-of-the-study-sites-from-the-2v4n0zwc.png Fig. 1 Map showing the location of the study sites from the 133 articles reporting field manipulative studies used in the meta-analysis. The number of observations (i.e., pairwisecomparisons) from each site is represented by symbol size, and ecosystem type is indicated by color. Grassland includes all types of grasslands such as temperate grasslands, alpine meadow, and prairies; forest represents forests in temperate regions; and wetland includes fens, marshes, and peatlands; shrubland includes shrublands and heathlands. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-stratospheric-temperatures-and-their-implications-2ptdvezjrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-of-msu-tls-tropically-averaged-208s-208n-2mxty47o.png FIG. 5. Analysis of MSU TLS tropically averaged (208S–208N) temperatures. (a) Time series of temperature anomalies (thin line) and average anomalies for 1979–91 and 1995–2005 (thick lines). (b) Climatological annual temperature cycles for 1979–91 (dashed line, open circles) and 1995–2005 (solid line, filled circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-trends-by-month-of-the-global-full-extent-of-data-awt5ppwy.png FIG. 2. (a) Trends by month of the global (full extent of data, solid), NH (.408N, dashed), and SH (.408S, dash– dotted) extratropical and tropical (208S–208N, dotted) average temperatures for the MSU and SSU data. Symbols indicate trends significantly different from zero at the 1s (crosses) or 2s level (circles). (b) Trends by month of the NH and SH extratropical average (dashed) and tropics (dotted) minus the global mean trend. The correlation between the tropical and extratropical average trends is shown in each panel. Cross symbols indicate where the trend is significantly different from the global mean trend at the 1s level (no 2s significant trends). Note that the month coordinate starts at June. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-linear-trend-in-the-bdc-indices-by-month-for-the-2yfpvdhd.png FIG. 4. Linear trend in the BDC indices by month for the TLSweighted radiosonde and the MSU and SSU data. Upward-pointing triangles indicate BDC index trends for an index constructed from NH extratropics minus tropics (December–April); downwardpointing triangles are for the SH extratropics minus the tropics (June–November). Filled triangles indicate where the (detrended) tropical and extratropical time series for that month are significantly anticorrelated (r , 20.38). Each point has two error bars. The dotted error bar indicates the 62s error for the BDC index calculated from ‘‘raw’’ temperature data, whereas the solid error bar indicates the 62s error for an adjusted BDC index, calculated after removal of BDC-like interannual variability (see text and Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximate-weighting-function-peaks-and-half-power-2eji5cld.png TABLE 1. Approximate weighting function peaks and half-power ranges for the MSU and SSU channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-series-of-the-nh-bdc-index-for-march-for-the-msu-tls-2lycf2ha.png FIG. 6. Series of the NH BDC index for March for the MSU TLS data, constructed as in Fig. 3c. The black solid line is the raw BDC index, the black dashed line the linear trend, the thin gray line the adjusted BDC index, and the thick gray line is a 5-yr running mean of the thin gray line. Uncertainty values on the trend (for black and gray lines) correspond to 2s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-the-construction-of-the-nh-bdc-index-using-3dne8mtr.png FIG. 3. Example of the construction of the (NH) BDC index using a time series of Decembers from the MSU TLS data. (a) Series of NH extratropical average (.408N) temperature anomalies and trend. (b) Series of tropical average (208S–208N) temperature anomalies and trend. (c) Series of the NH BDC index, constructed as (a) minus (b), and trend. Black solid lines are the raw temperatures, black dashed lines indicate the linear trend, and gray lines are temperatures after regression against (a) the tropics and (b) the extratropics, with the gray line in (c) being the adjusted BDC index constructed from the gray lines in (a) and (b) (see text). Uncertainty values on the trend (for black and gray lines) correspond to 2s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-latitude-month-plots-of-a-the-linear-trend-of-the-7rpgp3yw.png FIG. 1. (a) Latitude–month plots of (a) the linear trend of the MSU and SSU data and (b) the linear trend of the MSU TLS-weighted and 30-hPa radiosonde temperature data (in between MSU TLS and SSU-25). Pressure values (as in subsequent figures) indicate the approximate peak of the weighting function. Color-filled contours indicate where the trends are significant at the 2s level. The zero trend line is indicated by a thick contour. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-the-activity-of-osteoblast-like-cells-with-sol-yysdpt4vya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dead-cell-number-compared-to-the-control-at-time-2whr8dp3.png Figure 5. Dead cell number compared to the control at time intervals 3 hours, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-adhered-cells-on-each-surface-12tod3r9.png Figure 3. Number of adhered cells on each surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ftir-data-a-sol-gel-hap-and-b-sol-gel-zr02-2i0urk12.png Figure 1 FTIR data a) sol-gel HAp and b) sol-gel Zr02 https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-volatile-compounds-and-oil-quality-with-the-1ou1rg4tjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fatty-acid-composition-of-virgin-olive-oil-samples-1d3bfm4i.png Table 1. Fatty acid composition of virgin olive oil samples from the two methods of olive tree propagation under two treatments (MSW-irrigated plot and rain-fed one) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-parameters-of-chemlali-olive-oil-samples-6uz8808f.png Table 2. Quality parameters of Chemlali olive oil samples from the two methods of olive tree propagation under two treatments (MSW-irrigated plot and rain-fed one) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-composition-of-the-volatile-fraction-obtained-from-209u1pyz.png Table 3. Composition of the volatile fraction (%) obtained from Chemlali virgin olive oils extracted by HS-SPME from the two treatments (MSW-irrigated plot and rain-fed one) https://scispace.com/papers/changes-of-mind-in-the-absence-of-new-post-decision-evidence-1r1rlp54q7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-a-generalized-linear-mixed-effects-ogjk95ly.png Table 3. Parameters of a generalized linear mixed-effects model analysing probability of a change-of-mind as a function of coherence and response time (z-scored within participants). The model included a random intercept for participant and random slopes for response time and coherence within participant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-value-of-the-synaptic-15ch46b1.png Fig 10. Bifurcation diagram of the value of the synaptic gating variable SL (corresponding to the left-selective sensorimotor population) with respect to the magnitude of uncertainty excitatory feedback (at zero coherence level). No or low uncertainty feedback yields two stable steady states (black solid lines) and one unstable steady state (black dotted lines). This forms a “winner-take-all” regime (blue dashed line). In contrast, high uncertainty feedback (around 0.03) yields only one stable steady state (red dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-model-uncertainty-is-strongly-associated-with-changes-3qjw30gf.png Fig 9. Model uncertainty is strongly associated with changes-of-mind. (a) Uncertainty as a function of coherence level split by the type of trial (i.e. change-of-mind vs. non-change-of-mind). Change-of-mind trials are associated with higher uncertainty levels compared to non-change-of-mind trials regardless of the coherence level (see Fig 8c, where response times are predicted to be the same for change-of-mind trials regardless of the coherence level). (b) Probability of a change-of-mind as a function of coherence level split by the magnitude of uncertainty level (three tertiles). Changes-of-mind occur only in the highest uncertainty tertile. See Materials and methods for uncertainty level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-neural-circuit-model-of-decision-3yu6d1cq.png Fig 4. Simplified neural circuit model of decision uncertainty. The sensorimotor module (cyan box) consists of two mutually-inhibiting (lines with filled circles) neuronal populations selective for leftward and rightward motion with recurrent excitation (curled black arrows). The uncertainty-monitoring population (red circle) receives summed input from the sensorimotor populations. 600ms after stimulus onset, the summed input is integrated and fed back to the sensorimotor populations (red arrow). The hand response module (grey box) consists of two mutually-inhibiting neuronal populations that integrate the output from the corresponding sensorimotor population. Model results in all subsequent figures were obtained via simulating the model using a single set of parameters (see Table 4 for parameter values). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-mouse-cursor-trajectories-in-the-x-pzll5kwt.png Fig 5. Experimental mouse cursor trajectories in the x positional space (grey lines with markers) and modelgenerated motor output (blue solid lines). See Methods for details on the linear mapping of the firing rates of the model hand response populations onto the x positional space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-model-simulation-results-a-psychometric-function-1ru2pyl6.png Fig 8. Model simulation results. (a) Psychometric function showing choice accuracy as a function of coherence level in the presence (grey) and absence (black) of a change-of-mind. Similarly to the experimental data (Fig 3a), accuracy increases as a function of coherence level, but is lower in change-of-mind trials (grey) compared to non-change-ofmind trials (black). (b) Probability of a change-of-mind in all/correct/error trials as a function of coherence. Similar to Fig 3b, probability of a change-of-mind is the highest at low-to-intermediate coherence levels, and decreases sharply at high coherence levels. (c) Response times (z-scored) for correct and error change-of-mind and non-change-of-mind trials. The data for correct and error change-of-mind trials overlap, whereas response times for non-change-of-mind trials follow the experimentally observed ‘<’ pattern (Fig 3c). (d) Probability of a change-of-mind as a function of coherence level grouped by the tertile of the initial response time. All change-of-mind trials occurred when response times were longest. In all panels, error bars indicate standard error of mean (in panel (c) the error bars overlap with markers). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-a-linear-mixed-effects-model-analysing-369qpjmh.png Table 1. Parameters of a linear mixed-effects model analysing response time (z-scored within participants) as a function of coherence and choice accuracy. The model included a random intercept for participant and random slopes for coherence within participant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-participants-initiated-a-trial-by-27vk8zkf.png Fig 1. Experimental setup. Participants initiated a trial by clicking a start button at the bottom of the screen. After a short random delay (uniformly distributed over 700–1000ms), a random dot kinematogram appeared for 800ms. Participants then chose between two targets: Left or Right. Immediately after the choice, the feedback (red or green circle) was displayed for 300ms, followed by the fixation point (300ms). https://scispace.com/papers/changing-business-models-in-the-creative-industries-the-29q4kdy7pj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-games-eula-wordle-1ewjoffi.png Figure 3: Games EULA Wordle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-itami-and-nishino-2010-business-model-c86pc05e.png Figure 5: Itami and Nishino (2010) Business Model Representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-television-services-eula-wordle-1vgfpazf.png Figure 4: Television Services EULA Wordle https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rappa-2001-categories-of-business-models-on-the-web-2t2j5z5d.png Table 1 Rappa (2001) Categories of Business Models on the Web https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-music-services-eula-11noic42.png Figure 2: Music Services EULA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tsb-grouping-of-dcms-creative-industries-sectors138-j1c1y17l.png Table 2: TSB Grouping of DCMS Creative Industries Sectors138 https://scispace.com/papers/changing-monetary-policy-rules-learning-and-real-exchange-2zpef67epe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fitted-values-employ-one-period-ahead-forecast-of-3rcl2slr.png Figure 3: Fitted values employ one-period ahead forecast of in ation di¤erential generated from a fourth-order bi-variate autoregression for the in ation di¤erential and the output gap di¤erential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressions-of-the-real-dollar-dm-rate-on-the-2qq7fedx.png Table 3: Regressions of the real dollar-DM rate on the implied learning real exchange rate in log levels and percent changes. Output gap constructed at source. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bundesbank-fed-relative-interest-rate-reaction-r7n0qvke.png Table 1: Bundesbank Fed Relative Interest-Rate Reaction Function Estimates by GMM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-implied-learning-paths-and-the-data-for-the-real-1k5w8rb8.png Figure 4: Implied learning paths and the data for the real dollar-DM rate for alternative gain speci cations. Output gap constructed at source. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regressions-of-real-exchange-rate-data-on-re-rate-3n7hy6eh.png Table 2: Regressions of Real Exchange Rate Data on RE Rate https://scispace.com/papers/channel-coded-collision-resolution-by-exploiting-symbol-2xogj5b6op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ber-comparison-of-c-cresm-and-turbosic-for-different-vb0vzjfq.png Fig. 11. BER Comparison of C-CRESM and TurboSIC for different Δ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ber-comparison-of-c-cresm-and-turbosic-for-different-1x6e51i1.png Fig. 12. BER Comparison of C-CRESM and TurboSIC for different iteration numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-per-comparison-of-c-cresm-and-turbosic-for-different-29cl54g8.png Fig. 13. PER Comparison of C-CRESM and TurboSIC for different Δ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-for-two-packets-collisions-ngkgcehk.png Fig. 1. System model for two packets collisions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tanner-graph-for-standard-ra-code-2s0gome5.png Fig. 2. Tanner graph for standard RA code https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-virtual-tanner-graph-for-two-user-cresm-with-ra-code-1oabilro.png Fig. 4. Virtual Tanner graph for two-user CRESM with RA code, with the red and blue parts representing the signals from nodes A and B, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-virtual-tanner-graph-for-two-user-cresm-with-ra-code-11j9m0ho.png Fig. 3. Virtual Tanner graph for two-user CRESM with RA code, with the red and blue parts representing the signals from nodes A and B, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-virtual-tanner-graph-for-two-user-cresm-with-ra-code-2nt12b8j.png Fig. 5. Virtual Tanner graph for two-user CRESM with RA code, with the red and blue parts representing the signals from nodes A and B, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/chaos-communication-performance-theory-and-computation-1d95yoi4rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ber-for-multi-user-3l-csk-with-bernoulli-shift-397qe1fb.png Fig. 13. BER for multi-user 3L = CSK with Bernoulli-shift spreading, 4N = , 2SOR = . SGA for correlation decoding, EGT for correlation decoding, and EGT for generalized correlation decoding. Also https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-distributions-of-bit-energy-for-a-spreading-3rzisf91.png Fig. 3: Simulated distributions of bit energy for a spreading factor of 10 from chaotic sequences generated by logistic, PWL and Bernoulli-shift maps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ber-for-multi-user-5-l-csk-with-bernoulli-shift-1sjpwb6i.png Fig 8. BER for multi-user ( 5)L = CSK with Bernoulli-shift spreading, 10,30.N = CGA-Simulation Energy (CGA-S) with and without autocorrelation (with Corr, without Corr) and Simulation-Only (S-Only) methods. Also shown is BPSK lower bound curve. 4 5L = users and spreading 10N = , 30N = . There is the same pattern of results, that with the higher number of users CGA-Simulation is still accurate, and with an accentuation of the need for autocorrelation in (33) at high spreading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-for-multi-user-2-l-csk-with-bernoulli-shift-2drkyxjs.png Fig. 7. BER for multi-user ( 2)L = CSK with Bernoulli-shift spreading, 10,20.N = CGA-Simulation (CGA-S) with and without autocorrelation (with Corr, without Corr) and Simulation-Only (S-Only) methods. Also shown is the BPSK lower bound curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-for-single-user-csk-with-logistic-spreading-5100-n-ah20iqpx.png Fig. 5. BER for single-user CSK with logistic spreading, 5,100.N = SGA, CGA-Simulation (CGA-S) and Simulation-Only (S-Only) methods. Also shown is the BPSK lower bound curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-for-multi-user-23-l-csk-with-logistic-and-pwl-2980smw1.png Fig. 6. BER for multi-user ( 2,3)L = CSK with logistic and PWL spreading, 10,30.N = CGA-Simulation (CGA-S) and Simulation-Only (S-Only) methods. Also shown is the BPSK lower bound curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-a-multi-user-coherent-antipodal-csk-niii0pgt.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of a multi-user coherent antipodal CSK communication system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ber-for-single-user-csk-by-exact-gaussian-theory-egt-218bx9l3.png Fig. 12. BER for single-user CSK by exact Gaussian theory (EGT) method with logistic, Bernoulli-shift and independent Gaussian spreading, 5N = . Also shown is the BPSK lower bound curve. https://scispace.com/papers/chapter-13-geology-of-mesoproterozoic-chhattisgarh-basin-1up7ifz2wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-sm-nd-isotopic-compositions-of-representative-3ff1ab5c.png Table 6.1.Sm–Nd isotopic compositions of representative samples from the Saraipalli and Bhalukona Formations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-major-minor-and-trace-element-composition-of-tuff-b79dwwaw.png Table 6.1.Sm–Nd isotopic compositions of representative samples from the Saraipalli and Bhalukona Formations. https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-and-attempted-differentiation-of-european-1hq6zfcchr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-st-p-p-ts-f-th-d-13-c-d-18-o-d-d-2-h-values-14cobl3x.png Figure 1. St p p ts f th δ 13 C δ 18 O d δ 2 H values determined in bulk extra virgin olive oils and f th δ 2 H d δ 13 C values determined in linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids extracted from olive oils from the EU (blue dots) and outside the EU (red dots) . EU countries are listed according to geographical latitude, from Portugal to Greece https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pca-f-th-d-13-cbulk-d-18-obulk-d-2-hbulk-d-13-cfas-3turaty5.png Figure 4 PCA f th δ 13 Cbulk δ 18 Obulk δ 2 Hbulk δ 13 CFAs d δ 2 HFAs of extra virgin olive oil samples. In Figure 4a the samples are labelled according to the country of origin, whereas in Figure 4b according to the EU and non-EU provenance. In the plot is represented also the variable correlation plot with the contribution of each variable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-roc-u-v-s-f-xt-v-v-s-mp-s-ys-d-13-cbulk-d-18-obulk-3hi8xpkr.png Figure 5 ROC u v s f xt v v s mp s ys δ 13 Cbulk δ 18 Obulk δ 2 Hbulk (’Bu k’) δ 13 Cbulk δ 18 Obulk δ 2 Hbulk δ 13 CFAs d δ 2 HFAs (‘Fu ’) w th th b s f th u t s d m y ss d t th s mp s (‘R d m’) F u 5b ROC u v s f xt v v s mp s ys δ 13 Cbulk δ 18 Obulk δ 2 Hbulk δ 13 CFAs d δ 2 HFAs data with EU and non-EU randomly assigned to the count s s d d (‘R d m ’) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gini-index-calculated-for-the-isotopic-variable-14xku6sn.png Figure 6. Gini index calculated for the isotopic variable determined in extravirgin olive oils collected in the EU and outside the EU https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-and-calibration-of-a-large-aperture-1-6-m-3iy7flbipp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-self-emission-reflected-back-from-a-plane-1mut5qhu.png Figure 7: Self-emission reflected back from a plane rectangular metal reflector (left) appears as glint with radiation temperatures typically 400 K above the background. As a human subject (centre – front-on, right – side-on) also reflects specularly, body surfaces normal to the view direction show glint having radiation temperatures ~40 K -100 K above the background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-1-6-m-aperture-ka-band-passive-30ccgxig.png Figure 1: A schematic of the 1.6 m aperture ka-band passive imager illustrating corrector lens, focal plane array and off-axis scanning reflector and a photo of the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-depth-of-field-left-of-the-ka-band-passive-31y3e567.png Figure 2: The depth of field (left) of the ka-band passive imager measured using a CFL bulb (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-glint-effects-of-self-emission-reflected-back-2ol03j4a.png Figure 8: The glint effects of self-emission reflected back from a subject are minimised as illustrated in the image (left) by the use of a quarter wave-plate directly in front of the imager (right). To generate this image 29 s of signal integration were used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-millimetre-wave-emission-from-fluorescent-lights-1a237i6p.png Figure 9: Millimetre wave emission from fluorescent lights being switched on/off four times over a short period appears as a rise in the radiation temperature of ~5 K with a 5 K modulation. Viewing the absorber screen should generate a contrastless scene, but the fluorescent lamp emission enters the imager via beam spillover. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-measured-standard-deviation-on-the-temperatures-2cfid38l.png Figure 3: The measured standard deviation on the temperatures as a function of integration time. The solid line represents the root of time improvement in system sensitivity. For detection of non-metallic threats the sensitivity needs to be well below 1K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-modulation-of-millimetre-wave-emission-5-k-3na6h7q9.png Figure 10: The modulation of millimetre wave emission (5 K) from fluorescent lights appears at a frequency of 100 Hz, as is apparent in the time trace and the spectrum, even when in this case the absorber screen is viewed. The effect in the image is to generate a banding structure, as can be seen in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-16cm-square-section-of-absorber-left-is-dipped-in-2yxelu3j.png Figure 4: A 16cm square section of absorber (left) is dipped in liquid nitrogen and physically moved from the bottom to top in the FOV at the nominal range of 1.6 m to absolutely calibrate all receiver channels, a snap shot image through this process is shown (right). https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-and-chemometric-evaluation-of-17-elements-33geshjrsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-median-element-content-for-a-single-2j94c1iw.png Table 4. Calculated median element content for a single-seaweed salad of 33 g wet weight, prepared from Greenland seaweed. Where applicable, percentage of recommended daily intake is indicated in parentheses. Elements exceeding recommended upper intake levels are marked in bold font. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concentrations-of-elements-as-cd-i-fe-k-and-pb-in-2sci0wed.png Fig 4. Concentrations of elements (As, Cd, I, Fe, K and Pb) in different thallus parts of Greenland seaweeds for A. clathratum, A. esculenta, L. solidungula, S. latissima and S. longicruris. The lower and upper hinges of the box represent the first and third quartile, around the median; the whiskers extend no further from the hinge than 1.5 � inter-quartile range. Outliers beyond the whiskers are shown as circles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-current-european-and-nordic-guidelines-on-dustwqj6.png Table 3. Current European and Nordic guidelines on recommended daily intake levels, upper daily intake levels, maximum levels in the EU and France and toxicological guideline values for the elements investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-locations-in-greenland-with-coordinates-in-3p37j80f.png Fig 1. Sampling locations in Greenland with coordinates in decimal degrees (latitude, longitude). For Sarfannguit, coordinates are given for one central location (fish factory), specific coordinates for all three sampling sites are provided in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-content-median-absolute-deviation-of-elements-2dv4e2e7.png Table 2. Median content ± median absolute deviation of elements in Greenland seaweed samples, freeze dried weight. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-greenland-seaweed-samples-included-in-the-1j3aaym1.png Table 1. Summary of Greenland seaweed samples included in the study. Coordinates in decimal degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-principal-component-analysis-of-element-content-of-1btzn8zz.png Fig 5. Principal component analysis of element content of Greenland seaweeds depending on geographic location. All samples of F. distichus, F. vesiculosus and Fucus spp. were used in a pooled investigation. Hg and Se were excluded from the analysis due to the low number of quantifiable samples. Ellipses denote locations with at least three samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-matrix-of-element-correlations-for-greenland-seaweeds-1fe8j8l2.png Fig 6. Matrix of element correlations for Greenland seaweeds, expressed as Kendall’s tau coefficient. Elements are ordered alphabetically for ease of reading. Hg and Se were excluded from the analysis due to the low number of quantifiable samples. Only statistically significant correlations (p< 0.05) are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-analysis-of-the-square-laminated-core-under-44ufi7b65d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-calculated-exciting-currents-hdc-107a-m-1fz3pgdf.png Fig. 7. Comparison of calculated exciting currents (Hdc=107A/m); i1 and i2 are exciting currents calculated by normal and DC-biasing magnetization curve respectively, and im is the measured result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-the-exciting-current-2tylb7rg.png TABLE III COMPARISON OF THE EXCITING CURRENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-calculated-flux-density-uac-240v-370v-ook19kiv.png Fig. 8. Comparison of calculated flux density (Uac=240V, 370V, 495V; Hdc=107A/m). B1 and B2 are flux density calculated by normal and DC-biasing magnetization curve respectively, Bav is the average flux density in (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hysteresis-loops-under-dc-biased-and-sinusoidal-2dn6a2cn.png Fig. 1. Hysteresis loops under DC-biased and sinusoidal excitations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-slc-and-computational-region-2vrvaq0y.png Fig. 2. The SLC and computational region https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-and-measured-exciting-current-hdc-107a-m-ctikzalg.png Fig. 4. Calculated and measured exciting current (Hdc=107A/m, Uac=260V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-waveforms-of-calculated-nfp-and-flux-density-in-point-mbwju0ks.png Fig. 5. Waveforms of calculated νFP and flux density in point E in the laminated core (Hdc=107A/m, Uac=260V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-relative-error-of-harmonic-solution-1c4ul3fw.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the relative error of harmonic solution in two methods (Hdc=107A/m, Uac=370V, Nc=11) https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-of-flow-around-open-channel-90-bends-with-4h4xm2vgqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-flow-conditions-1r432c7u.png Table 1. Experimental Flow conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensions-of-inner-wall-flow-separation-zone-for-i81pmfp4.png Table 2. Dimensions of inner wall flow separation zone for the no-vane, 1-vane, and 3-vane systems. https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-of-direct-3d-sand-printing-process-for-the-3xpnyttlqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bed-layout-for-stage-1-and-2-trials-17c093at.png Figure 3 - Bed layout for stage 1 and 2 trials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-casting-production-method-39dkwuap.png Figure 2 – Casting production method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-percentage-error-vs-cylinder-samples-by-column-2jpbkt4a.png Figure 9 - Percentage Error Vs. Cylinder samples by column https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-sem-picture-of-inter-grain-bonding-and-void-1yolt2p9.png Figure 16 – SEM Picture of inter grain bonding and void analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percentage-error-vs-cylinder-samples-by-row-3q4zg2ia.png Figure 8 - Percentage Error Vs. Cylinder samples by row https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-error-vs-tensile-sample-measured-in-y-1hbi89zo.png Figure 7 - Percentage error Vs. tensile sample measured in Y-direction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-test-results-2m81j7i0.png Table 2 – Impact test results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-compression-sample-cylinders-after-testing-2d87qxvc.png Figure 15 - Compression sample cylinders after testing https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-of-mutual-fund-portfolios-where-are-the-2dcpv1vgps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-returns-of-stocks-and-mutual-funds-884myrm2.png Table 11: Returns of Stocks and Mutual Funds https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-liquidity-measures-by-me-bm-quintiles-25pqv7av.png Table 7: Liquidity Measures by ME/BM Quintiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-returns-of-stocks-and-mutual-funds-1wnfoa94.png Table 10: Returns of Stocks and Mutual Funds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mutual-funds-by-bm-scores-over-time-2dfikavu.png Figure 7: Mutual Funds by BM Scores over Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-s-p-500-stock-ownership-by-mutual-funds-318qrrlk.png Table 6: S&P 500 Stock Ownership by Mutual Funds https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-distribution-of-mutual-fund-and-stock-2yrijesa.png Table D.3: Distribution of Mutual Fund and Stock Characteristics: Size-weighted https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-distribution-of-mutual-fund-and-stock-1n7xneyb.png Table D.2: Distribution of Mutual Fund and Stock Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-characteristics-of-mutual-funds-robustness-2a64q8qi.png Figure 6: Characteristics of Mutual Funds – Robustness https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-of-recurrent-ischemic-stroke-after-embolic-55qmwdxu57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-location-of-qualifying-esus-and-recurrent-ischemic-2dtjbkjs.png Table 4. Location of Qualifying ESUS and Recurrent Ischemic Stroke https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-features-at-baseline-by-recurrent-1zfs7l0w.png Table 2. Participant Features at Baseline by Recurrent Ischemic Stroke Subtypea https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-and-classification-of-spanish-paprika-43ifh95q2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-data-of-considered-mixture-of-owzkmbew.png Table 1. Calibration data of considered mixture of polyphenols on SPCE, SPCE-CNT, SPCE-CNF and SPCE-GPH by using the proposed method. The standard deviations are denoted by parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-built-according-to-the-classes-22scuf3g.png Table 2. Confusion matrix built according to the classes assigned by the LDA model to the samples of the testing subset. https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-of-the-melt-dilute-form-of-aluminum-based-1nb7nwjo8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-radionuclides-content-of-irradiated-al-snf-16gzvwn9.png Table 5.1 Radionuclides Content of Irradiated Al-SNF* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-cross-section-view-of-the-as-loaded-5-dhlw-doe-2owmqi4d.png Figure 2.1 Cross-section View of the “As-Loaded” 5-DHLW/DOE Waste Package Containing Melt-Dilute Ingots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-dissolution-rate-s-in-the-bicarbonate-solution-at-2vxr0x19.png Figure 5.8 Dissolution Rate(s) in the Bicarbonate Solution at 25 °C for Irradiated UAl...................... 5.10 Figure 5.9 19 UAl Microstructure: a) Before Test, b) After Test in Nominal J-13, c) After Test in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-14-comparison-of-radial-temperature-distributions-224hbp2e.png Figure 7.14 Comparison of Radial Temperature Distributions Along the Line A-A’ Based on the Baseline Model and the Detailed Model for Helium-Cooled Direct https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-thermal-analysis-logic-utilized-for-waste-package-2orzv9r0.png Figure 7.4 Thermal Analysis Logic Utilized for Waste Package Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-cross-section-view-of-the-codisposal-waste-2bdsc5f6.png Figure 4.6 Cross-section View of the Codisposal Waste Package Used for Criticality Analyses Representing an As-Loaded Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-average-uranium-and-aluminum-dissolution-rates-mg-3f7qhtzt.png Table 5.4 Average Uranium and Aluminum Dissolution Rates (mg/m2/d) for Unirradiated UAl Alloys from Single-Pass Flow Tests* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-surrogate-md-snf-ingot-produced-in-the-induction-1cxsvsyq.png Figure 3.5 Surrogate MD-SNF Ingot Produced in the Induction Furnace https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-microalgae-species-from-qatar-coastal-n02rsw5sb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-guillard-s-f-2-guillard-1962-and-bg-11-sw-birsj7u3.png Table 3: Guillard's F\2 (Guillard, 1962)and BG-11 SW compositions. (Allen, 1968) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-growth-rate-co2-enrichment-experiment-using-1qs0v3p6.png Figure 12: Growth rate CO2 enrichment experiment using Teraselmis. Three levels of CO2 were tested 3 %, 5 %, 10 %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-productivity-g-l-1-day-1-of-tetraselmis-in-co2-2a3ypbdg.png Figure 13; Productivity (g L -1 day -1 ) of Tetraselmis in CO2 enrichment experiment under three levels of CO2 (3 %, 5 % and 10 %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regression-of-dry-weight-biomass-vs-optical-density-23vrlmhv.png Figure 6: Regression of dry weight (biomass) vs. optical density in Tetraselmis cultures under differential CO2 treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regression-of-dry-weight-biomass-vs-optical-density-27c97cfq.png Figure 7: Regression of dry weight (biomass) vs. optical density of Nannochloris cultures under differential CO2 treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-productivity-g-l-1-day-1-of-nannochloris-in-mrjq8s10.png Figure 11: Productivity (g L -1 day -1 ) of Nannochloris in salinity experiment using three levels (35psu, 40psu and 45psu). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photo-of-the-filter-papers-algae-samples-after-2a16778s.png Figure 3: Photo of the filter papers algae samples after drying. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparative-table-of-protein-and-lipid-ratio-of-3xi1dn43.png Table 5: Comparative table of protein and lipid ratio of Tetraselmis and Nannochloris in response to salinity and CO2 enrichment experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-event-water-fractions-and-transit-times-1wkdk954cs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatter-plots-of-rainfall-against-mttew-a-and-few-b-2mbhp05j.png Figure 5: Scatter plots of rainfall against MTTew (a) and Few (b) in compiled literature (Table S3) with different catchment gradient. 20 The green, red, and red dots with circle represent gentle, steep, and our study catchments, respectively. The arbitrary dashed line indicates the relationship between rainfall and MTTew and Few. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plots-of-rainfall-input-against-mttew-a-few-2l1r1alt.png Figure 6: Scatter plots of rainfall input against MTTew (a), Few (b), and αe (c) for all catchment-events. The orange and blue dots 25 represent that antecedent 7-day rainfall (AP7day) of 30 mm is set as the criterion for presenting dry and wet condition, respectively. Note that the regression line in plot (b) is only fitted with orange dots. The drainage behaviors corresponding to αe are labeled on (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-topographic-and-monitoring-network-of-pl-apckfs2c.png Figure 1: Location, topographic, and monitoring network of PL and DL catchment. The red triangles are stream water sampling sites and streamflow gauges. The yellow and purple squares represent the location of rain gauges and rainwater sampling sites, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-rainfall-blue-bar-and-runoff-amount-orange-line-abynes0f.png Figure 2: The rainfall (blue bar) and runoff amount (orange line) and their δ18O (blue and orange dots) during Event PL05 (a) and PL06 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrometric-characteristics-of-the-catchment-events-3guwib5i.png Table 2. Hydrometric characteristics of the catchment-events. P = total precipitation, D = duration and I = intensity of rainfall, Pmax3hr = maximum 3-h rainfall amount, Q = total streamflow, Qmax = peak flow, Q/P = runoff ratio and AP7day = antecedent 7-day rainfall. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-of-d18o-isotope-composition-in-rainwater-1f730b8m.png Table 3: Statistics of δ18O isotope composition in rainwater and streamwater used as input data for the modeling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transep-model-and-their-uniform-sampling-ranges-for-3ub1eujg.png Table 1: TRANSEP model and their uniform sampling ranges for sensitivity analysis and calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-metric-for-parameters-in-streamflow-and-gg3bynk0.png Figure 4: Sensitivity metric for parameters in streamflow and tracer module against total rainfall. Total rainfall (a) of the individual 15 catchment-event. Scaled Morris’s μ value of parameters in streamflow (b) and tracer (c) module, which are derived from their corresponding RMSE. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-fuego-for-laminar-and-turbulent-natural-nvdq1pgyn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-air-density-ral-4-85x104-3d8ja9s6.png Table 3. Air Density, RaL = 4.85x104 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-air-enthalpy-rah-1-58x109-1bl7cvtd.png Table 12. Air Enthalpy, RaH = 1.58x109 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-mean-vertical-velocity-and-temperature-profiles-3qnei4h0.png Figure 37. Mean Vertical Velocity and Temperature Profiles Near the Hot Wall at Mid-Height from the v2-f Turbulence Model using FOT or HOT, Y = y/L = 0.5, V0 = 1 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-mean-horizontal-velocity-and-temperature-profiles-1571ovie.png Figure 36. Mean Horizontal Velocity and Temperature Profiles as a Function of Height at Enclosure Mid-Width from the v2-f Turbulence https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-under-relaxation-parameters-for-v2-f-turbulence-2fwximup.png Table 14. Under Relaxation Parameters for v2-f Turbulence Model, RaH = 1.58x109 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-annulus-temperature-comparison-with-and-without-92g7oju9.png Figure 18. Annulus Temperature Comparison with and without the Rodi Buoyancy Term Included in the k-Equation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-dimensionless-normal-distance-computed-from-the-v2-2mpczz9m.png Figure 13. Dimensionless Normal Distance Computed from the v2-f Turbulence Model for the Mid Mesh and Modified AR Mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-temperature-contours-for-laminar-natural-37zd0hct.png Figure 4. Predicted Temperature Contours for Laminar Natural https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-field-of-view-for-energy-efficient-2m09fmahny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-required-minimum-object-pixel-occupancy-for-various-k9mrfl7z.png TABLE I: Required minimum object pixel occupancy for various detection algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-comparison-of-jpeg-image-acquisition-transmission-3tutsnfb.png Fig. 8: A comparison of JPEG image acquisition, transmission and receiving cost for different sensing range values . https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-energy-measurement-testbeds-parameters-1iay6p9z.png TABLE VII: Energy-measurement testbed’s parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-visual-sensor-specification-2tx8uec4.png TABLE II: Visual sensor specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-a-comparison-of-task-classification-using-four-1qg5byya.png TABLE VI: A comparison of task classification using four different cases for a network consisting of k = 3 sensor classes performing t = 2 tasks https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-experiment-2-procedure-1be3uomy.png TABLE V: Experiment 2 procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visual-sensors-3d-projection-model-1d3s90nd.png Fig. 1: Visual sensor’s 3D projection model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-fov-calculation-utilising-projection-modelling-2du5v4kp.png TABLE IV: FoV calculation utilising Projection Modelling Approach II https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-diarylheptanoids-an-emerging-class-of-cj3fznz19v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structures-of-selected-diarylheptanoids-discussed-in-upfwwh51.png Fig. 2. Structures of selected diarylheptanoids discussed in the review. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-esi-mass-spectra-of-bisdemethoxycurcumin-1-29he3it6.png Fig. 5. The (−)-ESI mass spectra of bisdemethoxycurcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and curcumin (3). The alphabetical notation of the major diagnostic fragment ions refers to the (−)-ESI fragmentation scheme of the compounds shown in Fig. 6. ESI–MS conditions were as follows: Agilent 6410 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ion source in negative ionization mode, temperature: 3 l n https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-characteristics-of-naturally-occurring-39pa745m.png Table 1 Structural characteristics of naturally occurring diarylheptanoids according to the classification of Lv and She [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tlc-chromatogram-of-a-glutinosa-sfe-extracts-1-a-1gwg3zmn.png Fig. 3. TLC chromatogram of A. glutinosa SFE extracts. 1: A. glutinosa 10% EtOH SFE extract, O: oregonin standard solution, H: hirsutenone standard solution, 2: A. glutinosa 15% EtOH SFE extract, 3: A. glutinosa 20% EtOH SFE extract. Stationary phase: silica gel 60 F254 10 × 10 cm, mobile phase: chloroform:methanol:formic acid (75:25:2, v/v), post-chromatographic derivatization: vanillin–sulfuric acid reagent (0.5 g vanillin in 100 ml sulfuric acid-ethanol, 40:10, v/v), heating at 100–105 ◦C. SFE extracts: dried and milled black alder bark samples (0.6 g) were extracted for one hour, at 40 ◦C and 20 MPa with 10%, 15%, and 20% ethanol, in a Jasco system (CO2 pump with a cooling system, pump, mixer, extraction vessels, column thermostat, b https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-isolation-strategies-of-diarylheptanoids-from-2zi3mo67.png Table 2 Isolation strategies of diarylheptanoids from various plant sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mass-spectrometric-features-analysis-of-ppjh9agh.png Table 4 Mass spectrometric features (analysis) of diarylheptanoids. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-neptunium-oxide-generated-using-the-hb-49q90sqk5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-microtrac-particle-size-data-for-650-degc-npo2-650c-3tcx0ncu.png Table 6: Microtrac Particle Size Data for 650 °C NpO2 (650C-1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-powder-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-npo2-calcined-hhoe9n13.png Figure 3. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern for NpO2 calcined at 650 °C (650C-2) with lanthanum hexaboride (NIST SRM 660a) added as an internal d-spacing and instrument profile standard. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-microtrac-particle-size-data-for-600-degc-npo2-600c-2kzjvzwv.png Table 5: Microtrac Particle Size Data for 600 °C NpO2 (600C-2)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-micrographs-of-650-degc-npo2-650c-1-taken-near-39bmab0y.png Figure 9. SEM micrographs of 650 °C NpO2 (650C-1) taken near right side of sample mounting plate. Magnifications are (a) 50X, (b) 250X, (c) 500X, and (d) 1000X. Sizing bars are shown at the lower left of each micrograph with sizes of (a) 200 µm, (b) 40 µm, (c) 20 µm, and (d) 10µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-bet-specific-surface-area-results-20ss40wt.png Table 9: BET Specific Surface Area Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-npo2-tga-ms-results-2l6a08gc.png Table 10: NpO2 TGA-MS Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-powder-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-npo2-calcined-vchhzvgr.png Figure 1. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern for NpO2 calcined at 600 °C (600C-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-powder-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-npo2-calcined-1pvawy8t.png Figure 2. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern for NpO2 calcined at 650 °C (650C-1). https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-olfactory-stem-cells-2zdj8xhpjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-for-pcr-reactions-primer-sequences-and-2hgoucyc.png Table 1. Conditions for PCR Reactions, Primer Sequences, and PCR Products for Various Genes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-mrna-and-protein-expression-ure-7d-g-1r821gxa.png Table 2. Summary of mRNA and Protein Expression ure 7D–G. Differentiated neurosphere cells were only in First-Generation Neurospheres distinguishable from differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-surface-ag-nanoparticles-in-2v64alfrlz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-gixrd-patterns-obtained-at-different-grazing-angles-z3qo3ogx.png Fig. 2 a GIXRD patterns obtained at different grazing angles, b variation of diffraction peaks intensity at different grazing angles (2h = 39.20 and 2h = 38.28 ) and c fitting of GIXRD pattern obtained at a = 0.25 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-diffractometer-setup-v2xbdo02.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the diffractometer setup used in GIXRD measurement. Q is the scattering plane, Ko the incident vector, Kf the diffracted vector and a the incidence angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sem-cross-sectional-and-top-view-micrograph-inset-3qkp4x1i.png Fig. 3 a SEM cross-sectional and top-view micrograph (inset) and b TEM top-view micrograph of a-C:Ag nanocomposite coating https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-superconducting-bi2sr2can-1cuno4-2n-43sgj2g13t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-inhuence-of-iron-doping-on-the-mossbauer-spectra-of-2nm1nrcy.png FIG. 6. Inhuence of iron doping on the Mossbauer spectra of samples with composition n =3 after the heat treatment of 884'C. Spectra were measured at room temperature using various iron concentrations of (a) 1, (b) 5, (c) 10, and (d) 20 at. %. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-room-temperature-mossbauer-spectra-measured-of-samples-2www8n97.png FIG. 7. Room-temperature Mossbauer spectra measured of samples with the nominal nonstoiehiometric composition of 4:3:3:4after the heat treatments of (a) 877 C (10 h) and (b) 884 C (100 h). https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-the-motor-cortex-transcriptome-supports-ltngpmy3dp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cell-type-composition-in-the-als-and-hc-motor-1phcuc5c.png Figure 2. Cell type composition in the ALS and HC motor cortex. Box-plot showing the estimated major cell type proportions for the ALS and HC by MuSiC obtained using the human single-nucleus RNAseq (snRNAseq) data from 24 Alzheimer’s disease and 24 healthy controls (ROSMAP) human frontal cortex (Brodmann Area 10). *<0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-the-burden-of-ptdp43-aggregates-in-the-1kdrgi5b.png Figure 5. Analysis of the burden of pTDP43 aggregates in the ALS and HC motor cortex. Density of pTDP43 aggregates in each postmortem individual included in this study (A). The burden of pTDP43 aggregates correlates with the estimates of microglial proportion in the ALS group of cases (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-immunofluorescence-with-anti-iba1-red-and-anti-2tdsblta.png Figure 4. Co-immunofluorescence with anti-IBA1 (red) and anti-MHC class II (green) antibodies in the ALS and HC motor cortex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gene-expression-modules-obtained-by-weighted-gene-co-1pxhm43f.png Table 1. Gene expression modules obtained by weighted gene co-expression analyses significantly associated with ALS. The three most significant gene ontology terms and their enrichment log10 p-value are shown for each module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-of-the-mic1-microglial-subpopulation-3qhcrg3i.png Figure 3. Estimation of the Mic1 microglial subpopulation proportion identified using the ROSMAP human snRNAseq dataset (A). Correlation analyses between Mic1 proportion and the individual eigengenes obtained from the MEblack (B), MEpink (C) and MEyellow (D) gene expression modules. **p<0,01 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-gene-expression-changes-in-the-3mo1f5fw.png Figure 1. Differential gene expression changes in the sporadic ALS motor cortex. Volcano plot displaying the significant differentially expressed genes between the ALS and the HC motor cortex. The vertical axis (y-axis) corresponds to the -log10 adjusted p-value and the horizontal axis (x-axis) represents the log2 fold change value. Blue circles correspond to the significantly differential genes expressed in this tudy (adjusted p-value<0.05), whereas grey circles display the non-significant genes. Gene names are shown for the ten genes selected for qPCR validation (A). Bar chart showing the relative RNA expression values in ALS and HC obtained through qPCR for the ten genes selected for validation. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 and ***** p<0.00001 (B). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses obtained from the list of genes showing a significant differential expression (C). https://scispace.com/papers/characterizing-the-business-cycles-of-emerging-economies-44m2y7mttv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-recession-and-currency-crisis-event-analysis-2-1-6cdo4md3.png Figure 2 Recession and Currency Crisis: Event Analysis 2.1 Real GDP 2.2 Real Private Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-cost-of-recessions-35xrp1yt.png Table 8 Average cost of recessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-features-of-real-output-cycles-37ckldzd.png Table 2 Basic features of real output cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-recession-and-currency-crisis-event-analysis-2-4-1u9g2ir2.png Figure 2 Recession and Currency Crisis: Event Analysis 2.1 Real GDP 2.2 Real Private Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-basic-features-of-real-output-cycles-all-countries-1cjt8i0j.png Table A.1 Basic features of real output cycles: All Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-features-of-real-output-cycles-2vyrkwjz.png Table 1 Basic features of real output cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-recession-and-banking-crisis-event-analysis-1-1-dnzlwftf.png Figure 1 Recession and Banking Crisis: Event Analysis 1.1 Real GDP 1.2 Real Private Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-synchronization-of-output-cycles-with-external-and-2kri8fgz.png Table 5 Synchronization of Output Cycles with External and Financial Variables https://scispace.com/papers/characterizing-the-fabric-of-the-urban-environment-a-case-55hlrl8hz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-multi-land-use-area-selected-for-analysis-of-2m9awpit.png Figure A.1 Multi-land-use area selected for analysis of extrapolation errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-surface-types-1vk2fc23.png Table 2 Major surface-types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-aerial-orthophoto-of-a-newer-residential-area-in-1qrb33ek.png Figure 10 Aerial orthophoto of a Newer Residential area in Salt Lake City. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-aerial-orthophoto-of-new-commercial-area-in-salt-3qvv9vrn.png Figure 5 Aerial orthophoto of New Commercial area in Salt Lake City. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-impact-of-sample-size-on-estimates-of-area-128h4uku.png Table 3 The impact of sample size on estimates of area percentages of land-use categories for downtown Salt Lake City. The entries show the “sample mean” in percentage of areas; the numbers in parenthesis are standard deviations of the means. Note that the above-the-canopy percentages show the “bird’s-eye” view of the surfaces; under-the-canopy percentages are the actual land-use types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-calculated-surface-area-percentages-by-usgs-lu-lc-318q0iyb.png Table 7 Calculated surface area percentages by USGS LU/LC categories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aerial-orthophoto-of-university-area-in-salt-lake-3r6ivsoo.png Figure 6 Aerial orthophoto of University area in Salt Lake City. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-digital-aerial-orthophotos-taken-for-analysis-in-2w2554aa.png Figure 1 Digital aerial orthophotos taken for analysis in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, overlaid on a map. https://scispace.com/papers/charge-fluctuations-in-the-unconventional-metallic-state-of-2hws5ivvpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-phase-diagram-of-an-extended-hubbard-1exw2nhz.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Phase diagram of an extended Hubbard model including up to the third-neighbor Coulomb interactions relevant for Li0.9Mo6O17. The T-V phase diagram obtained from RPA is shown for fixed value of U = 2 eV and varying V for the model including up to third-nearest-neighbor Coulomb interactions. The phase diagram shows similar qualitative behavior to that in Fig. 3 with suppressed energy scales due to CO frustration effects. We also show here the low-temperature 2kF -type of instability occurring at low temperatures. The critical value for the CO driven by Coulomb repulsion is Vc = 0.66 as T → 0. The suggested location for Li0.9Mo6O17 at ambient pressure is marked with a vertical arrow. The system would effectively shift away from the CO transition under pressure. All energies are given in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-effective-extended-25xk4ew8.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Phase diagram of the effective extended Hubbard U-V model for Li0.9Mo6O17. The T-V phase diagram obtained from RPA is shown for fixed value of U = 1 eV and varying V . Charge-ordered (CO) and homogeneous metallic phases are separated by the CO transition line, TCO, which displays “reentrant” behavior. Tm is the temperature scale associated with the onset of charge fluctuations. Fermi liquid (FL) and non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) phases are separated by the crossover scale T ∗. The inset shows the T dependence of Imχc(Q,ω) in the metallic phase close to CO displaying the softening and enhancement of the charge collective mode around Tm. All energies are given in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-crossover-temperature-tll-and-exponent-of-998urntd.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Crossover temperature TLL and exponent of the density of states α estimated as a function of the coupling V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-charge-ordering-phenomena-in-the-extended-2u7mfyqz.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Charge-ordering phenomena in the extended Hubbard model (1) for Li0.9Mo6O17. We show the crystal structure of Li0.9Mo6O17 projected onto the b-c plane showing only the Mo and O atoms forming the zigzag ladders relevant to the low-energy electronic properties. The real-space charge-ordering pattern consisting of alternating charge-rich (purple) and charge-poor (magenta) Mo atoms arising in the U-V model is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-charge-order-instability-induced-by-297djpl4.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Charge order instability induced by Coulomb repulsion in the U-V model. (a) The Fermi surface obtained from our effective model for Li0.9Mo6O17 is shown. (b) The static charge susceptibility χc(q) along the (0, q b , π c/2 ) direction shows the rapid increase of charge fluctuations at wave vector Q = (0, π b/2 , π c/2 ) associated with the Coulomb-induced CO occurring at VCO ≈ 0.8 eV. The smaller structure at q = (0, π b , π c/2 ) is related to Fermi surface nesting at q = 2kF π/b. All energies are given in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-imaginary-part-of-the-charge-w7napu3s.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Imaginary part of the charge susceptibility Imχc(q,ω) of the U-V model showing the emergence and softening of the collective excitation as the interaction increases. (a) Noninteracting charge susceptibility Imχ0(q,ω) displaying the particle-hole continuum, (b) a Hubbard-like interaction (U = 1 eV, V = 0), (c) an interaction compatible with purple bronze phenomenologyU = 1 eV, V = 0.68 eV, and (d) close to the CO transition U = 1,V = 0.79 eV. Temperature is T = 0.05 eV. All energies are given in eV. https://scispace.com/papers/charged-pore-lining-residues-are-required-for-normal-channel-1pxbyt7jk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mutations-to-r326-and-d327-in-msl1-have-little-2sk56id9.png Table 1. Mutations to R326 and D327 in MSL1 have little effect on channel conductance. Conductance values represent the mean of average patch conductances for 3–7 patches per variant. Differences were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffe’s test; letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-msl1r326q-d327g-gfp-msl1d327n-gfp-and-msl1r326q-3hjhz9uv.png Figure 4. MSL1R326Q D327G-GFP, MSL1D327N-GFP, and MSL1R326Q D327N-GFP have significantly higher gating pressures than MSL1-GFP. Gating pressures of the indicated GFP-tagged MSL1 variants relative to the gating pressures of endogenously expressed MscL. Channels were gated using 5–10 s symmetric pressure ramps at a membrane potential of −70 mV. Each gray circle represents the average of all gating pressure ratios obtained for a single patch, while the black bars represent the mean of patch averages for each sample. N = 6–10 patches per variant. Statistical differences are indicated by different letters and were determined using oneway ANOVA followed by Scheffe’s post-hoc test; p < 0.05). Data points greater than two standard deviations beyond the sample average were excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-gfp-tagged-msl1-variant-properties-1omb1rrj.png Table 2. Summary of GFP-tagged MSL1 variant properties. Conductance and gating pressure are presented relative to MSL1GFP measurements. ns indicates differences from WT are not statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-some-msl1-variants-protect-e-coli-strain-mjf465-de3-13ateipj.png Figure 7. Some MSL1 variants protect E. coli strain MJF465(DE3) from hypoosmotic shock. Hypoosmotic shock survival rates of cells from the indicated strains relative to unshocked controls. Each circle represents the relative survival rate for an experiment and black bars indicate the average survival rate for all experiments. For each panel, statistical differences were evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Scheffe’s test; different letters indicate samples that are statistically different (p < 0.05). One data point greater than two standard deviations beyond the sample average was excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-r326-and-d327-influence-open-state-stability-of-sgt82jir.png Figure 6. R326 and D327 influence open state stability of MSL1. Representative traces from inside-out excised patches showing pressure-activated gating events of MJF641(DE3) cells expressing the indicated constructs at two membrane potentials. Traces show current measurements taken during a 5 s symmetric negative pressure ramp, with the maximum amount of negative pressure (and therefore rate of pressure application) varying between traces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-r326-and-d327-mutations-on-channel-pxbv6fmc.png Figure 5. Effect of R326 and D327 mutations on channel kinetics of MSL1-GFP variants. Membrane potential was maintained at −70 mV and channel gating was triggered by either a 2 s or 4 s symmetric pressure ramp followed by monitoring of channel activity without additional pressure until 97.7 s. (a) Channel activity duration, defined as the time from pressure-triggered gating to ≥ 5 s of channel closure. (b) Open state dwell time of initial pressure-triggered gating events. (c) Closed state dwell time, defined as the time from closure of the initial pressure-triggered gating event to the first subsequent gating event. Results from 19–97 traces from 9–10 patches (A) and 13–59 traces from 7–10 patches (b, c) per variant are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-msl1-variants-localize-to-e-coli-cell-membranes-and-2pweqwf7.png Figure 2. MSL1 variants localize to E. coli cell membranes and do not strongly impact E. coli cell growth in LB. (a) Confocal micrographs of MJF465(DE3) cells expressing untagged MSL1, MSL1-GFP, GFP-tagged MSL1 variants, EcMscS-GFP, or cytoplasmic GFP. Scale bars are 5 μm. (b-c) Growth curves of MJF465(DE3) cells transformed with pET300 vectors encoding the indicated protein or an empty pET21b(+) control. Cells were grown in LB with (b) or without (c) IPTG and OD600 values measured every 15 min. Data points are shown ± standard deviation, although error bars may be too small to be visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-r326-and-d327-are-charged-residues-in-the-kinked-2g5s7xia.png Figure 1. R326 and D327 are charged residues in the kinked pore-lining TM5 helix of the MS ion channel MSL1. (a) Alignment of pore-lining helices from MscS family members for which rectification information is available. Nonpolar residues are gray, polar residues white, positively charged residues blue, negatively charged residues red, and other residues yellow. R326 and D327 of MSL1 and the corresponding residues in other MscS family members are highlighted by a red box. (b-e) Images of cryoEM structures of MSL1 (PDB file 6VXM [37]) and MSL1A320V (PDB file 6VXN [37]) in closed and open states, respectively. One monomer is light orange and residues R326 (blue) and D327 (red) are indicated. (b, c) Side view of the placement of R326 and D327 in the TM5 kink of MSL1 (b) and MSL1A320V (c) multimers, respectively. (d, e) Close-up view of the R326 and D327 residues in two adjacent monomers, one gray and one light orange, as viewed from inside the MSL1 (d) and MSL1A320V (e) pores. https://scispace.com/papers/charity-and-favoritism-in-the-field-are-female-economists-2mfraxijym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logit-and-conditional-logit-estimates-of-effects-on-rsgrhpmr.png Table 5. Logit and Conditional Logit Estimates of Effects on the Non-Reject Probability, Two-Period Referees, 1986-1994, 2000-2008* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-female-referees-1986-2008-1yxz2eiu.png Table 2. Distribution of Female Referees, 1986-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-referee-recommendations-by-gender-percentages-1986-33jd47q9.png Table 3. Referee Recommendations by Gender, Percentages, 1986-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-author-characteristics-1986-2008-percentages-mxvzijup.png Table 1. Author Characteristics, 1986-2008 (percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logit-and-conditional-logit-estimates-of-effects-on-1zue8gi1.png Table 4. Logit and Conditional Logit Estimates of Effects on the Non-Reject Probability, Full Sample, 1986-1994, 2000-2008* https://scispace.com/papers/checkpointing-based-fault-tolerance-patterns-for-systems-h74qxns8bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cpu-average-load-metric-4mbjvgcq.png Figure 5. CPU average load metric https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wsrf-service-container-architecture-3gharee0.png Figure 1. WSRF Service Container Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-virtual-wsrf-container-30p4yb3u.png Figure 2. The Virtual WSRF Container https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-response-time-of-the-migrating-service-at-3atflw5i.png Figure 7. average response time of the migrating service at m101 and m202 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-migration-sequence-diagram-1g7f692k.png Figure 3. Migration Sequence Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cascading-service-container-hierarchically-3qdrh6g3.png Figure 4. Cascading Service Container Hierarchically https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-health-status-metric-98115i83.png Figure 6. health status metric https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-and-rheological-properties-of-polymer-modified-4yuov8jem7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fitted-values-of-parameters-in-the-huet-such-model-pk6gj7eb.png Table 5 Fitted values of parameters in the Huet-Such model for different materials 394 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fitting-results-of-viscosities-at-different-16ljrwef.png Figure 4 Fitting results of viscosities at different temperatures based on the Andrade equation 273 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bending-creep-stiffness-test-results-of-smb-366-1msnl8oo.png Figure 8 Bending creep stiffness test results of SMB 366 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-m-value-test-results-of-smb-368-29j66v67.png Figure 9 m-Value test results of SMB 368 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-functional-group-indices-and-32y22pqd.png Figure 3 Relationships between functional group indices and bio-oil content 254 3.1.3 Activation energy 255 The activation energy of fluids means the energy barrier to be overtaken by 256 molecules to make the fluids flow. According to the Andrade equation, the activation 257 energy of fluids has the following relationship with viscosity and temperature: 258 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fitted-values-of-parameters-in-the-huet-such-model-37iwj7s6.png Table 4 Fitted values of parameters in the Huet-Such model for different materials 350 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shear-modulus-master-curves-of-smb-20-341-in-this-v4vcb0eq.png Figure 7 Shear modulus master curves of SMB (@ 20 ℃) 341 In this study, 20 ℃ was selected as the reference temperature. The shear 342 modulus master curves of SMB were constructed based on the TTSP and the 343 Huet-Such model, as shown in Figure 7. The fitted values of parameters in the 344 Huet-Such model for different materials were presented in Table 4. Figure 7 shows 345 that the whole master curve is right shifted with the increasing content of bio-oil, 346 which means the addition of bio-oil decreases the shear modulus in the whole 347 frequency domain. Therefore, bio-oil has a negative effect on the shear/rutting 348 resistance performance of SBS modified bitumen. 349 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-the-huet-such-model-324-2hpw526o.png Figure 6 Schematic representation of the Huet-Such model 324 The Huet-Such model is a combination of the Huet model with a dashpot in 325 series, as shown in Figure 6. On the basis of the expressions shown in reference [26, 326 https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-characterization-of-lignin-and-lipophilic-fractions-19yh4l4avp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structures-of-the-main-lipids-present-in-the-curaua-2g7sw2nt.png Figure 3. Structures of the main lipids present in the curaua fibers. (A) Stearic acid; (B) n-docosanol; (C) 26-hydroxyhexacosanoic acid; (D) 2-hydroxytetracosanoic acid; (E) docosanyl, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoate; (F) 1-monodocosanoylglycerol; (G) 1-mono(24-hydroxytetracosanoyl)glycerol; (H) campesterol; (I) ergostanol; (J) sitosterol; (K) stigmastanol; (L) campesteryl 3â-D-glucopyranoside; and (M) sitosteryl 3â-D-glucopyranoside. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-py-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-curaua-fibers-the-2jvbfmul.png Figure 1. Py-GC/MS chromatogram of curaua fibers. The identities and relative molar abundances of the compounds are listed in Table 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identification-and-relative-molar-abundances-of-the-1hzjc1f3.png Table 1. Identification and Relative Molar Abundances (%) of the Compounds Released after Py-GC/MS of Curaua Fibersa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mass-spectrum-of-trimethylsilylated-hydroxy-920j651u.png Figure 4. Mass spectrum of trimethylsilylated hydroxy monoester C38. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-spectrum-and-structure-of-the-tmsi-ether-1xcr57ye.png Figure 5. Mass spectrum and structure of the TMSi ether derivative of 1-mono(22-hydroxydocosanoyl)glycerol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-the-methyl-ester-and-tmsi-bh1i8kkm.png Figure 2. GC/MS chromatogram of the methyl ester and TMSi ether derivative of the lipid extract from curaua fibers. FA(n), n-fatty acid series; Al(n), alcohol series; W(n), wax series; ROH(n) and ωOH(n), R- and ω-hydroxy fatty acids series; M(n), monoglyceride series; ωOHM(n), ω-hydroxy acylesters of glycerol series; SG, sitosteryl 3â-D-glucopyranoside; CG, campesteryl 3â-D-glucopyranoside; 1, campesterol; 2, ergostanol; 3, sitosterol; 4, stigmastanol; CE, campesterol ester; and SE, sitosterol ester; n denotes the total carbon atom number. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-and-abundance-mg-kg-of-lipophilic-q2ih84y1.png Table 2. Composition and Abundance (mg/kg) of Lipophilic Compounds in Curaua Fibersa https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-composition-and-mass-emission-factors-of-candle-26t1zess5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-3kkwfdnq.png Figure 4. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-deduced-emission-factors-of-candle-smoke-11f12p27.png Table 1. Summary of deduced emission factors of candle smoke particles (for a single candle). Comparisons to 3 literature data. Uncertainties given as standard deviations of repeated measurements. PM2.5 mass measured 4 independently using the TEOM. 5 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2-3-32h7981q.png Figure 11. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-4-5-1ovou2sv.png Figure 1. 3 4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-8-3hp0ana6.png Figure 2. 7 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-3-4-5-2278rf7l.png Figure 3. 2 3 4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2-tov82rjg.png Figure 9. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-37p1s1a7.png Figure 5. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-composition-and-mosquito-repellent-activity-of-the-4fp7fd710l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-repellency-of-plectranthus-incanus-oil-against-25mr40bp.png Table 2. Repellency of Plectranthus incanus oil against Anopheles stephensi and Culex fatigans https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-toxicity-of-plectranthus-incanus-oil-against-2j8a76kd.png Table 3. Toxicity of Plectranthus incanus oil against Anopheles stephensi and Culex fatigans https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-essential-oil-of-plectranthus-2rrwm4fo.png Table 1. Composition of the essential oil of Plectranthus incanus Link https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-imaging-comes-of-age-2w62eo2dot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-repeatedly-tuning-the-lctf-pass-band-of-a-wide-25cny58r.png Figure 1 Repeatedly tuning the LCTF pass band of a wide-field imager to a different wavelength and recording an image builds up a chemical (spectral) image data set in which the intensity of each pixel is a function of the wavelength band corresponding to each image. The resulting dataset can be thought of as a collection of images, one for each wavelength band, or as a collection of spectra, one for each image pixel. https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-treatment-of-plutonium-with-hydrogen-peroxide-2de4u3pguq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-apparent-potential-jbc0ejq0.png Table I. Apparent Potential https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-abaorbance-spectrum-showing-characteristic-pu-vl-peak-256pnfeg.png Fig. 4. Abaorbance Spectrum Showing Characteristic Pu(Vl) Peak at 831 ran. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-absorbance-spectrum-showing-the-absence-of-pu-vi-peak-dilc98tl.png Fig. 5. Absorbance Spectrum Showing the Absence of Pu(VI) Peak at 831 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stripchart-record-of-peroxide-iveated-feed-solution-2pma2xew.png Fig. 3 . Stripchart Record of Peroxide-IVeated Feed Solution Showing the Absence of a Pu(VI) Peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stripchart-record-of-untreated-feed-solution-showing-24i2hylj.png Fig. 2. Stripchart Record of Untreated Feed Solution Showing Pu(VI) Peak. https://scispace.com/papers/chemo-and-regioselective-magnesium-catalyzed-ortho-s6bdjz7qhv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-profile-of-mg-ntf2-2-and-bronsted-acid-1mmqm9pd.png Figure 1. Reaction profile of Mg(NTf2)2 and Brønsted acid-catalyzed ortho-alkenylation of aniline with and without a proton scavenger. Reaction conditions: 1a (0.5 mmol), 2a (1.5 mmol), catalyst (5 mol %) in HFIP (0.5 M) at 70 °C, ditBuPy (20 mol %). Yields determined by GC using mesitylene as the internal standard. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-mg-ii-catalyzed-ortho-directed-b3pu7z1e.png Table 1. Optimization of Mg(II)-Catalyzed ortho-Directed Alkenylation of Anilinea https://scispace.com/papers/chemotherapeutic-wafers-for-high-grade-glioma-4z1k5uvclv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-internal-validity-y3c938cp.png Table 2. Internal Validity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-external-validity-3258musm.png Table 3. External Validity https://scispace.com/papers/cheops-precision-phase-curve-of-the-super-earth-55-cancri-e-ldawj1sa70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cheops-observation-logs-corresponding-to-the-ioc-o96bvs8l.png Table 1. CHEOPS observation logs, corresponding to the IOC observations in the first row and the phase curve observations in the second row. The File Key is useful for uniquely identifying the visits used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-posterior-distributions-and-joint-correlations-1m5ihufm.png Fig. A.1. Posterior distributions and joint correlations between all free parameters in the joint fit to the In-Orbit Commissioning transit and phase curve observations sampled with the No U-Turn Sampler. The parameters include: the mid-transit time t0, limb-darkening parameters u0, u1, the ratio of planetary to stellar radius Rp/R?, the impact parameter b, the eclipse depth δecl; two sets of detrending vector weights for the following vectors, one per visit: the ThermFront 2 temperature sensor reading, the cosine and sine of the roll angle, and a unit vector; the amplitude of the piecewise-Lambertian variations A; and the start and stop longitudes of the lower-reflectivity region ξ1 and ξ2. The last parameter, logσ is the natural logarithm of the flux uncertainty for each measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photometry-from-cheops-of-55-cnc-e-and-detrending-1yfhk2se.png Fig. 1. Photometry from CHEOPS of 55 Cnc e and detrending vectors. (a) Raw fluxes returned by the Data Reduction Pipeline (DRP) aperture photometry observations over the 1.6 orbital phases of 55 Cnc e, centered on a transit. Red points are centroid outliers and are masked from analysis. The gaps in the observations occur primarily when Earth is occulting the target star. The horizontal dashed line at flux unity represents the median flux, about which we see variations in flux in the phase curve. (b) One component of the variations in the raw phase curve in panel (a) is a “ramp” feature which is anticorrelated with the telescope tube temperature, denoted the “ThermFront 2 Sensor” temperature. A full discussion of the link between the flux variations and telescope tube temperature is written in Section 3.3. The temperature of the telescope tube rises asymptotically from a minimum at the beginning of the observations to a near-constant value after ∼ 0.5 days. There is an additional perturbation in the temperature once per orbit, thought to be caused by illumination of the telescope optical assembly by the Earth during occultation. (c) Changes in the DRP flux are associated with changes in the ThermFront 2 Sensor temperature after dividing out the transit with a slope of −193 ± 10 ppm/degree Celsius. (d) Measured centroid of the target star on the detector in pixel units – outliers in red are masked from further analysis. (e) Trends in DRP flux with roll angle after correction for smearing (see Section 3.2.1) are . 100 ppm, and are a result of correlations between the spacecraft roll angle and the contamination from nearby stars, and in the background light (see Section 3.2). Red points are the masked centroid outliers, which mostly occur immediately before and after the Earth occultation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smear-contamination-correction-top-left-an-example-1f12betk.png Fig. 2. Smear contamination correction. Top-left: an example CHEOPS exposure where the smear contamination from 53 Cnc, located outside the sub-array image, is visible at the left of 55 Cnc (the star at the center of the field of view). Top-right: the same frame after the DRP v12 smear correction. Bottom: the estimated smear contamination flux within the DEFAULT aperture as a function of the observation roll angle which affects each orbit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-c-1-comparison-of-the-yearly-most-photometry-from-sulis-nnq0f33l.png Fig. C.1. Comparison of the yearly MOST photometry from Sulis et al. (2019) with the CHEOPS observations in the bottom panel. The red curves for each MOST observation is a simple sinusoid and transit model, while the red curve for the CHEOPS observations represents the piecewise-Lambertian model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detrended-cheops-photometry-of-55-cnc-e-upper-the-data-tada1rok.png Fig. 3. Detrended CHEOPS photometry of 55 Cnc e. Upper: The Data Reduction Pipeline (DRP) aperture photometry fluxes in black, and in red the best-fit linear combination of a transit model, a piecewise-Lambertian phase variation, and several detrending vectors. This fit is used to infer the best-fit transit parameters. The left column shows transit observations obtained during the in-orbit commissioning (IOC) phase, and the right column shows the phase curve observation. Middle: The residuals after the instrumental and systematic variations have been removed (black) and several draws from the posterior distributions for the transit and phase curve parameters (red). Lower: The residuals after removing all systematics and astrophysical signals from the observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-5-comparison-of-the-cheops-data-reduction-pipeline-drp-3ni3ahn8.png Fig. B.5. Comparison of the CHEOPS Data Reduction Pipeline (DRP) aperture photometry (black) with the PIPE PSF photometry (gray). The PSF photometry is computed on the imagettes and therefore has a higher cadence than the DRP photometry. The In-Orbit Commissioning (IOC) transit observations are on the left, and the first 55 Cnc e phase curve observation is on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-2-the-relative-coefficients-of-the-u1-to-u8-components-29d8nz48.png Fig. B.2. The relative coefficients of the U1 to U8 components from the PCA of the PSFs as a function of time. The roll angle dependence has been removed in this plot. https://scispace.com/papers/childhood-externalizing-internalizing-and-comorbid-problems-12f9xwesz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-suicidal-ideation-and-suicide-attempts-13pe870i.png Table 2. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts by 22 years-old by childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems during childhood(N=2143). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-child-and-family-characteristics-at-age-6-and-q5gnipna.png Table 1. Child and family characteristics at age 6 and trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems from 6 to 12 years-old. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multitrajectories-of-externalizing-and-3tef2cyt.png Figure 1. Multitrajectories of externalizing and internalizing childhood problems from age 6-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-specific-associations-of-suicidal-ideation-without-1m7argbv.png Table 3. Specific associations of suicidal ideation (without attempts) and attempts by 22 years-old with childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems during childhood (N=2,143). https://scispace.com/papers/childhood-trauma-is-associated-with-a-specific-admixture-of-4s9fpo2q54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-group-sizes-of-isolated-and-co-occurring-symptoms-in-fn337kyr.png Fig. 1. Group sizes (%) of isolated and co-occurring symptoms in non-traumautized and traumautized subjects in the general population (NEMESIS-2). The childhood trauma score was dichotomized at the 80th percentile for illustrative purposes. Traumatized individuals tend to report multiple symptoms (three right-hand black bars) rather than isolated symptoms (four right-hand black bars). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-first-follow-up-of-nemesis-2-and-group-t5qxhaqw.png Table 1. Baseline and first follow-up of NEMESIS-2 and GROUP: demographics and symptom profiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-and-first-follow-up-of-nemesis-2-2209begn.png Table 2. Baseline and first follow-up of NEMESIS-2. Associations of childhood trauma and presence of symptoms, and assessment of differences in strength of associations (e.g. whether trauma has a stronger association with one symptom over another) https://scispace.com/papers/children-s-verbalizations-of-motion-events-in-german-5060uclrb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-semantic-content-of-main-verbs-for-target-events-as-2e7207c1.png Figure 1. Semantic content of main verbs for target events as a function of age https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-di-erent-motion-verb-lexemes-types-as-a-cqee6wwu.png Table 2. Number of di¤erent motion verb lexemes (types) as a function of age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-semantic-information-in-main-verbs-used-for-control-37u0b8wx.png Figure 4. Semantic information in main verbs used for control items as a function of age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-semantic-information-expressed-in-other-devices-for-3rirj7ka.png Figure 3. Semantic information expressed in other devices for target events as a function of age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-types-of-devices-outside-of-main-verbs-for-target-uzs6676r.png Figure 2. Types of devices outside of main verbs for target events as a function of age https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-devices-outside-of-main-verbs-for-target-1y1vco0m.png Table 1. Number of devices outside of main verbs for target events as a function of age* https://scispace.com/papers/china-s-new-normal-how-will-china-s-growth-slowdown-affect-3c8awomja0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accumulated-irfs-2-s-e-bounds-bivariate-var-model-3c5wm5i6.png Figure 2: Accumulated IRFs (2-s.e. bounds), bivariate VAR model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-annual-growth-rate-of-chinas-real-gdp-1978-to-31vjgk4g.png Figure 1. The annual growth rate of China’s real GDP (1978 to 2016) https://scispace.com/papers/chip-scale-nanophotonic-chemical-and-biological-sensors-39yki2qni1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-a-chip-scale-nanophotonic-biosensor-3kvseebh.png Figure 1 Schematics of a chip-scale nanophotonic biosensor integrating an SPR photonic sensor onto a photodiode. The inset shows the calculated optical transmittance of a corrugated Ag film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scanning-electron-micrograph-images-of-a-1ym7rg36.png Figure 6 Scanning electron micrograph images of a nanostructured Ag film. The Ag film has a thickness of 100 nm. The distance between the adjacent holes (lattice constant) is 420 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optical-transmittance-of-periodically-modified-ag-3n9s6z6r.png Figure 7 Optical transmittance of periodically modified Ag films in square lattice for normal incidence of light from 410 to 950 nm. The lattice constants of the Ag film are 500, 550, and 600 nm, respectively. The square brackets in the figure indicate the spectral shift due to the difference in lattice constants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectral-response-of-three-photodiodes-n-well-to-p-19b4kd0k.png Figure 5 Spectral response of three photodiodes: n-well to p-substrate (segmented), n+ to p-substrate (segmented), and n+ to p-substrate (unsegmented). The induced photocurrent is amplified by a Stanford Research SR 445A preamplifier. The horizontal axis is inversely scaled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-schematics-a-and-layout-b-of-transimpedance-28gmt0ax.png Figure 4 The schematics (a) and layout (b) of transimpedance amplifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-micrograph-of-fabricated-device-the-8uw9fqz2.png Figure 3 Optical micrograph of fabricated device. The transimpedance amplifiers are unseen in the image due to being covered by a light blocking metal layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-and-3d-views-of-photodiode-designs-both-2i475irz.png Figure 2 Layout and 3D views of photodiode designs. Both segmented (left and center) and non-segmented (right) designs were used on the chip. Additionally, both n+ to p-substrate (green) and n-well to psubstrate (gray) photodiodes were fabricated on the chip. https://scispace.com/papers/chiral-excitation-of-spin-waves-in-ferromagnetic-films-by-2lnxqe160y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mode-dependence-of-the-interlayer-dipolar-and-exchange-2m5jo3oy.png FIG. 4. Mode dependence of the interlayer dipolar and exchange couplings between Co nanowires and a YIG film for parallel (a) and antiparallel (b) magnetizations. In (a) the blue (red) solid curve with squares (circles) represents the interlayer dipolar coupling between the spin waves with momentum k(m)y ŷ (−k(m)y ŷ) in the film and the Kittel mode of the NWA for μ0Hz = 0.012 T, while the cyan dot-dashed curve with diamonds denotes the interlayer exchange coupling (which is the same for spin-wave directions). Analogous curves are plotted for μ0Hz = 0.05 T (the exchange contribution does not depend on the field), The crosses in (a) and (b) denote one-half of the anticrossing gaps observed in FMR experiments [22]. m is an even integer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-anticrossing-between-kittel-mode-ok-of-a-co-3njj50kg.png FIG. 3. Calculated anticrossing between Kittel mode ωK of a Co nanowire array and spin waves ωH,m=4 in YIG film. The cross at μ0Hz ≈ 0.012 T labels the crossing of uncoupled modes. The interlayer coupling generates an anticrossing gap with hybridized branches ω± (the red and blue curves). The inset is a trace of the corresponding experimental microwave absorption maxima [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-co-or-ni-nanowire-grating-on-a-yig-film-with-a-7duwefwg.png FIG. 1. Co or Ni nanowire grating on a YIG film with a coordinate system and geometric parameters. The YIG film is fabricated on the gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate that is a nonmagnetic insulator. A magnetic field is applied in the ẑ-direction, parallel to the nanowires. A thin nonmagnetic spacer (yellow) may be inserted between the wires and the film to suppress the interface exchange interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mode-dependences-of-the-interlayer-dipolar-and-1m696k6n.png FIG. 5. Mode dependences of the interlayer dipolar and exchange couplings between a Ni NWA and YIG film when magnetizations and applied field are all parallel along the wires. The blue solid curve with squares and the red solid curve with circles represent the interlayer dipolar couplings for the spin waves with momenta k(m)y ŷ and −k(m)y ŷ, respectively, for μ0Hz = 0.015 T. The green dashed curve with squares is the interlayer dipolar coupling for positive momenta and μ0Hz = 0.11 T. The cyan dot-dashed curve with diamonds denotes the interlayer exchange coupling for momenta ±k(m)y ŷ when μ0Hz = 0.015 T. The crosses are one-half of the mode splittings observed by FMR [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chiral-coupling-of-spin-waves-due-to-the-interlayer-c93bi91r.png FIG. 2. Chiral coupling of spin waves due to the interlayer dipolar interaction for parallel and antiparallel magnetizations. The gray and yellow regions denote the film and nanowire array. The red and black arrows represent the direction of the soft magnetizations of the film in parallel to the external field and NWA, respectively. The wavy line with an arrow indicates the propagating direction of spin waves that couple to the Kittel mode of the NWA. https://scispace.com/papers/chiral-p-wave-superconductors-have-complex-coherence-and-2tilbcmg47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plots-of-im-u-re-u-where-u-l-1-is-the-leading-mass-37w21xpx.png FIG. 3: Plots of |Im (µ∗)| / |Re (µ∗)|, where µ∗ = λ −1 ∗ is the leading mass scale (inverse length scale with smallest real part), in the (ϕ, ν) parameter space, for various values of V0. Here ϕ is the orientation of the sample boundary, and ν, V0 are parameters in the GL energy controlling the spatial anisotropy and the potential energy scale respectively. The black regions indicate where µ∗ is real and hence there will be no oscillations of the magnetic field, or condensates, away from the sample boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-superconductor-insulator-boundary-at-high-external-3prnvrur.png FIG. 2: Superconductor-insulator boundary at high external field H = 1 and boundary orientations ϕ = 0, π 4 , π 3 , π 2 , showing stripe formation in the Meissner state: one condensate component goes to zero and the other achieves a maximum, producing a stripe (orthogonal to n) of depletion of one condensate and surfeit of the other. Note that the ρ1 and ρ2 curves coincide in the case ϕ = π 4 . The model parameters are as in Figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-meissner-state-at-a-superconductor-insulator-yv4nd15c.png FIG. 4: The Meissner state at a superconductor-insulator interface in the model (26) with V0 = 3, ν = −0.95, χ = 0 and external field H = 0.3 for two different boundary orientations: ϕ = 0 (top set of plots) and ϕ = π/3 (bottom set of plots). The boundary is at X = 0, the plotted fields are the condensate magnitudes ρ1 and ρ2 and the magnetic field strength B. The green dots mark points where the fields cross their ground state values and the blue dots mark local extrema. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-superconductor-insulator-boundary-of-a-p-ip-3fexj17g.png FIG. 1: Superconductor-insulator boundary of a p + ip superconductor with V0 = 3, ν = −0.95, χ = 1 and external field H = 0.3 for two different boundary orientations: ϕ = 0 (top set of four plots) and ϕ = π/3 (bottom set of four plots). The boundary is at X = 0, the plotted fields are the condensate magnitudes ρ1 and ρ2 and the magnetic field strength B. The green dots mark points where the spatially oscillating fields cross their ground state values and the blue dots mark local extrema. The distances between these successive points are compared with the prediction of our linear analysis in the bottom right plot of each set. https://scispace.com/papers/chloroplasts-morphology-investigation-with-diverse-44womeuslw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-choroplast-lobes-cls-in-laurencia-translucida-cortical-33o57nsi.png Fig. 3. Choroplast lobes (CLs) in Laurencia translucida cortical cells. (A & B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of thin / unilateral CLs (arrows). (C & D) CLs always as inconspicuous projections (arrows). Scale bars represent: A-D, 2 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-choroplast-lobes-cls-in-laurencia-cortical-cells-a-a-3f0ui4sb.png Fig. 1. Choroplast lobes (CLs) in Laurencia cortical cells. (A) A confocal laser scanning microscopy mage of Yuzurua poiteaui var. showing the auto-fluorescence of chloroplasts. The insert image shows the detail of chloroplasts connected by tubular projections (arrowheads). CW, cell wall. (B) A high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) image of L. dendroidea elongated lobed (asterisk) and discoid chloroplasts (arrows). Arrowheads are ponting to mitochondria. (C) A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of Y. poiteaui var. showing a chloroplast without lobes and thin cytoplasm projection (arrowheads). Arrow indicates starch grains. V, vacuole. (D) A TEM image of Y. poiteaui var. showing the CLs with thylakoids membranes (arrowheads) growing from small plastids. Arrows are pointing to chloroplasts inclusions between thylakoids membranes. (E) A HRSEM image of Y. poiteaui var. showing the CL (arrowhead). (F) Image of the Y. poiteaui var. cytoplasm with attached chloroplasts (arrow). Scale bars represent: A, 4 µm; B, 5 µm; C, 2 µm; D, 1.5 µm; E, 750 nm; F, 850 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-choroplast-lobes-cls-in-laurencia-a-a-three-qv17s8hf.png Fig. 2. Choroplast lobes (CLs) in Laurencia. (A) A three-dimensional reconstruction with confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) images of fusionned chloroplasts (arrow) in Yuzurua poiteaui var. cortical cells. (B) LSM images of thin undulated (arrow) and thick linear (arrowhead) CL in L. dendroidea cortical cells. (C & D) Short / unilateral (arrows) and thick / bilateral (arrowheads) CL in L. dendroidea cortical cells. Scale bars represent: A-D, 2 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/choices-of-metropolitan-destinations-by-the-1995-2000-new-3hjbbn80u1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-30-metropolitan-destinations-of-the-1995-2000-10mjnipn.png Table 1. Top 30 metropolitan destinations of the 1995-2000 metropolitan-bound new immigrants (aged 20-59) born in Mexico and India. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-observed-and-predicted-destination-choice-patterns-228912h1.png Table 7. Observed and predicted destination choice patterns of the 1995-2000 metropolitan-bound new immigrants ( aged 20-59) born in India: The choice set includes 276 metros as potential destinations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-observed-and-predicted-destination-choice-patterns-a3dnnj8k.png Table 6. Observed and predicted destination choice patterns of the 1995-2000 metropolitan-bound new immigrants ( aged 20-59) born in Mexico: The choice set includes 276 metros as potential destinations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-1990-and-2000-distributions-of-male-jobs-among-29icmau5.png Figure 1. The 1990 and 2000 distributions of male jobs among the wage deciles in two CMSAs, with the wage deciles defined by the male workers of the United States. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-30-metropolitan-areas-with-the-highest-location-1k3lz3bn.png Table 3. The 30 metropolitan areas with the highest location quotients (LQ) for the Mexican-born and Indian-born residents in 1995. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-best-specification-of-the-destination-choice-3vp3cekl.png Table 4. The best specification of the destination choice models for the 1995-2000 metropolitan-bound new immigrants born in Mexico and India, aged 20-59 in 2000: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-importance-of-explanatory-factors-in-the-1zc4qycw.png Table 5. Relative importance of explanatory factors in the best specification of the destination choice models for the 1995-2000 newly arrived metropolitan-bound immigrants who were born in (1) Mexico and (2) India. https://scispace.com/papers/cholinergic-modulation-of-hippocampally-mediated-attention-n5ibymtczi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-trial-structure-on-every-trial-participants-1aeqrvpp.png Figure 2. (A) Trial structure. On every trial, participants viewed two rooms, each containing one painting. Prior to trial onset, they were cued to attend to either the style of the paintings (ART) or to the layout of the rooms (ROOM). They then saw a base image and a comparison image. Finally, they received a probe (ART? or ROOM?). If the probe was “ART?”, participants had to judge whether the two paintings matched, i.e., whether they could have been painted by the same artist. If the probe was “ROOM?”, participants had to judge whether the two rooms matched, i.e., whether they had the same spatial layout. On valid trials, the initial cue matched the probe at the end of the trial. On invalid trials, the cue and the probe were different (e.g., “ART” cue and “ROOM?” probe, or vice versa). (B) Examples of art and room matches. An art match could either be a painting identical to that in the base image (identical art match) or a different painting that was painted by the same artist as the painting in the base image (similar art match). A room match could either be a room identical to that in the base image (identical room match) or a room with the same spatial layout as the base image, from a different perspective (similar room match). A non-matching image contained neither an art match nor a room match and could also be displayed as a comparison image, as in (A). “Identical” trials involved presentation of a base image and one of the following: an identical art match, an identical room match, or a non-matching image. “Similar” trials involved presentation of a base image and one of the following: a similar art match, a similar room match, or a non-matching image. ISI = inter-stimulus interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dose-dependent-effects-of-nicotine-smoking-on-2j0nv6nu.png Figure 6. Dose-dependent effects of nicotine smoking on behavioral sensitivity (A’). On similar room trials (bottom right), participants who showed a greater increase in CO ppm from the OFF to the ON smoking session showed larger increases in A’ from the OFF to the ON smoking session. Participants did not show such an effect for identical art, identical room, or similar art trials. Within each panel, each point represents one participant; each participant appears in all four panels. * bootstrapped p < .05. Heavy lines and error ribbons indicate the line of best fit ± 95% confidence interval for ON-OFF A' difference vs. ON-OFF CO ppm difference, displayed without adjusting for A' OFF smoking for simplicity. Results are visually indistinguishable when adjusting for A' OFF smoking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-behavioral-performance-a-participants-performance-p5qh4lxf.png Figure 5. Behavioral performance (A’). Participants’ performance did not differ between OFF and ON smoking sessions for any trial type (each panel = one trial type). Points and faint lines indicate raw A’ values for each participant. Heavy lines and error ribbons indicate group-level model-predicted A’ ± 95% credible interval. Dashed horizontal line indicates chance performance (A’ = 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coefficient-estimates-of-the-model-for-trialwise-x8ny3kac.png Figure 4. Coefficient estimates of the model for trialwise match detection performance (i.e., A’). In this model, the main effect of match status reflects the magnitude of behavioral sensitivity across all experimental conditions. Differences in sensitivity between experimental conditions are indexed by interaction terms between match status and the other experimental conditions (i.e., attentional state, condition, and smoking session). Accordingly, predicted A’ (shown below in Figure 5 ) was generated from these coefficients by treating the posterior estimate of P(match endorsement = “yes” | match status = present) as the hit rate, and P(match endorsement = “yes” | match status = absent) as the false alarm rate, in the A’ formula. Error bars = 95% credible intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-main-analysis-approaches-model-1-and-3qryiz9s.png Table 1. Overview of the main analysis approaches. Model #1 and Model #5 were the analyses of primary interest (results from which are shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6). The remaining models tested secondary hypotheses. In particular, considering the A’ results along with the results of the response time (RT) models (#2 and #4) allowed us to determine if there were speed/accuracy trade-offs, but we did not have strong hypotheses about how nicotine might affect RTs in this task. The models incorporating trial validity (#3 and #4) allowed us to ensure that the attention manipulation was effective (faster and more accurate responses on valid vs. invalid trials). In Model #1, the main effect of match status reflects the magnitude of behavioral sensitivity across all experimental conditions. Differences in sensitivity between experimental conditions are indexed by interaction terms between match status and the other experimental conditions (i.e., attentional state, condition, and smoking session). The same logic holds for Model #3, with the added experimental condition of trial validity. In Model #2, differences in response time (RT) for hits, correct rejections, misses, and false alarms are indexed by main effects of match endorsement, match status, and the interaction of match endorsement and match status. RT differences between experimental conditions, conditional on response accuracy, are indexed by interaction terms between match endorsement, match status, and the other experimental conditions (i.e., attentional state, condition, and smoking session). The same logic holds for Model #4, with the added experimental condition of trial validity. For Model #5, A’ OFF is re-centered at 0.5, so that the regression intercept is estimated when A’ OFF smoking is at chance performance. Additionally, for Model #5, results hold when A’ OFF is not included as an independent variable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cholinergic-modulation-of-hippocampal-function-high-7893f96i.png Figure 1. Cholinergic modulation of hippocampal function. High levels of acetylcholine (left) strengthen afferent input from entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus (thick arrow) — a flow of input important for externally oriented attention and encoding. This is accompanied by the suppression of recurrent connections within the hippocampus (particularly subfield CA3; dashed arrow) — an excitatory circuit important for memory retrieval and internally oriented processing. The result of these two mechanisms biases the hippocampus towards a state that prioritizes attention and encoding. Conversely, low levels of acetylcholine (right) prioritize recurrent connections within the hippocampus and suppress input from entorhinal cortex. This biases the hippocampus towards a retrieval state. This figure is adapted from Hasselmo (2006) and Newman et al., (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-study-procedure-the-study-consisted-of-two-sessions-1g8onnry.png Figure 3 . Study procedure. The study consisted of two sessions. For the “ON” session, participants were instructed to smoke at least 1 cigarette within 1 hour of the session’s start time. For the “OFF” session, participants were instructed to abstain from smoking for at least 12 hours prior to the session’s start time. Session order was counterbalanced across participants. Upon arrival for both sessions, participants were tested for compliance via an assessment of expired breath carbon monoxide (CO) with a breath CO monitor. Participants then received instructions for the task, were shown sample images of potential match types, completed a practice run, and completed the main experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/chromatin-accessibility-analysis-uncovers-regulatory-element-1mnyevtp9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chromatin-accessibility-in-promoters-is-robust-385rnn0r.png Figure 1: Chromatin accessibility in promoters is robust during prostate cancer progression A. Cartoon illustration of ATAC-seq data analysis. After (1) generating ATAC-seq data from human prostate tissues, we (2) identified peaks and differentially accessible regions (DARs) between BPH, PC and CRPC groups. We (3) compared chromatin accessibility to DNA methylation and (4) gene and protein expression. Next, we associated (5) accessible chromatin regions with correlating target genes within the same topologically associating domains (TADs). Finally, (6) transcription factor binding at accessible chromatin was analyzed using TF footprinting, integration with ChIP-seq data, and using deep learning models to uncover binding context. B. Boxplots of the number of raw peaks in each sample (grey dots) in BPH, PC, and CRPC groups are shown. Peak counts in each group are comparable. C. Background-corrected coverages from ATAC-seq data at peak locations show a strong signal. Background-corrected DNA methylation data in the same locations is slightly depleted. Distances are relative to peak center. Median signals from BPH, PC, and CRPC samples are shown. D. Chromatin features are ordered in the donut plot based on their annotation to genomic location categories: intergenic, intron, promoter, and exon and untranslated regions (5’-UTR, 3’-UTR, transcription termination sites, non-coding RNA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-disease-progression-alters-prostate-cancer-specific-1tstssuz.png Figure 4: Disease progression alters prostate cancer-specific transcription factor binding site accessibility and regulatory programs A. Donut plots showing numbers of gene expression correlating DARs in BPH to PC (left) and PC to CRPC (right) comparisons. Shown are also percentages of opening and closing sites and whether they harbour TF binding sites as characterized in the GTRD database. B. Hierarchical clustering of TF gene expression network uncovers two groups of TFs: a core cluster composed of AR, ERG, FOXA1 and ESR1, and a second cluster sharing a high number of target genes with the AR core cluster. Complete linkage and euclidean distance were used in clustering. Scale bar encodes the number of shared genes. C. Venn diagram shows that the two TF clusters indicated in B share a substantial amount of target genes. D. Repeating the intersection analysis with genes linked to peaks, a similar pattern as in C is observed. E. Oncoprints illustrate 15 TFs with the highest number of binding sites (taken from GTRD prostate cancer subset) overlapping with gene expression correlating DARs. Panels represent sites from BPH to PC opening (top) and closing (bottom) DARs. AR binding sites are present in almost all (92%) opening sites in this comparison. F. Similar oncoprints as in E but for PC to CRPC opening (top) and closing (bottom) DARs. In this comparison, most of the closing sites (92%) include AR binding sites G. Androgen-induced https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-accessibility-is-concentrated-on-1q0vv6ji.png Figure 2: Differential accessibility is concentrated on regulatory regions A. Venn diagram showing the numbers BPH to PC and PC to CRPC DARs and their overlap. Only a small portion of DARs are shared between comparisons. B. Clustering of samples using ATAC-seq signal of DARs separates them into BPH, PC, and CRPC groups, and identifies progression-related chromatin accessibility patterns. Scale bar shows log2 of https://scispace.com/papers/chronology-and-tectono-sedimentary-evolution-of-the-upper-136ga0asmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-boreholes-drilled-by-igme-in-the-abalario-high-1ys1cuo0.png Table 1. Study boreholes drilled by IGME in the Abalario high and Guadalquivir 1082 marshlands of the lower Guadalquivir basin. 1083 1084 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-schematic-cross-sections-without-scale-and-3dxqym8p.png Figure 10. Schematic cross-sections (without scale) and paleogeographic maps 1134 illustrating the sedimentary evolution of the lower Guadalquivir basin during the Upper 1135 Pliocene and Quaternary. 1136 1137 1138 https://scispace.com/papers/chronic-adriamycin-treatment-impairs-cgrp-mediated-functions-2cwmqs38rv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-repeated-applications-of-capsaicin-100-nm-a-30tzlmeu.png Fig. 1. Effect of repeated applications of capsaicin (100 nM, A) acrolein (300 μM, B) and CGRP (10 μM, C) on meningeal blood flow. *: statistically different from the basal flow, #: statistically different from the control, ‡: statistically different from the effect of the first application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photomicrographs-showing-the-distribution-of-trpv1-2w4t768r.png Fig. 4. Photomicrographs showing the distribution of TRPV1-, CGRP- (A, C) and CGRP receptor component RCP- and RAMP1- (B,D) immunoreactivity in the dura mater of control (A, B) and adriamycin-treated (C, D) rats. Scale bar on C applies also for A; scale bar on D applies also for B. MMA: branch of the middle meningeal artery, V: venous vessel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-capsaicin-100-nm-a-and-acrolein-300-mm-b-induced-2e6paikm.png Fig. 3. Capsaicin- (100 nM, A) and acrolein- (300 μM, B) induced release of CGRP from meningeal afferents. CGRP release is expressed as percentage change relative to the basal release. *: statistically different from the basal release, #: statistically different from the control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-dural-applications-of-histamine-10-mm-224o4jka.png Fig. 2. Effects of dural applications of histamine (10 μM), acetycholine (100 μM) and forskolin (100 μM) on meningeal blood flow. *: statistically different from the basal flow. https://scispace.com/papers/chronology-of-the-jafr-prehistory-and-protohistory-a-key-to-1ztslnmdfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-research-scheme-of-the-jafr-basin-prehistoric-10szaqqo.png Figure 3. Research scheme of the Jafr Basin Prehistoric Project (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wadi-abu-tulayha-small-finds-from-the-outpost-c-s-26137aca.png Figure 6. Wadi Abu Tulayha: small finds from the outpost (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-schematic-figure-of-the-process-of-pastoral-33g1sqi9.png Figure 43. Schematic figure of the process of pastoral nomadization in the Jafr Basin (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-talat-ubayda-general-plan-and-section-of-a-3qkoisf7.png Figure 33. Tal’at ’Ubayda: general plan and section of a corridor type cist cairn (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-harrat-al-juhayra-pseudo-house-burial-cairns-c-s-2asval5d.png Figure 17. Harrat al-Juhayra: pseudo-house burial cairns (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-wadi-burma-forecourt-type-cist-cairns-c-s-fujii-2sgnapvr.png Figure 28. Wadi Burma: forecourt type cist cairns (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-wadi-burma-and-wadi-qusayr-site-distribution-map-c-3kbbcfbr.png Figure 27. Wadi Burma and Wadi Qusayr: site distribution map (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-other-ppnb-settlements-in-and-around-the-jafr-2gme1la4.png Figure 11. Other PPNB settlements in and around the Jafr Basin (© S. Fujii). https://scispace.com/papers/cilengitide-combined-with-standard-treatment-for-patients-3tkqycuqxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pfs-as-assessed-by-the-investigator-a-and-assessed-1fin02iz.png Figure 4. PFS as assessed by the investigator (A) and assessed by the IRC (B) (ITT population). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-baseline-characteristics-and-demographics-3st82qle.png Table 1. Patient baseline characteristics and demographics (ITT population) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-treatment-scheme-1l37b9pf.png Figure 1. Treatment scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consort-statement-diagram-iy052lrv.png Figure 2. CONSORT statement diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kaplan-meier-plot-of-os-a-and-forest-plot-b-1rtmln1t.png Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier plot of OS (A) and forest plot (B) detailing OS based on patient demographics (ITT population). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-most-common-teaes-by-preferred-term-safety-7dxle9vs.png Table 2. Most common TEAEs by preferred term (safety population; any grade observed in at least 10% of patients or grade ≥3 reported in at least 2% of patients)* https://scispace.com/papers/cirrus-cloud-thinning-using-a-more-physically-based-ice-3gbi8qoblr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1-35-seeding-zonal-mean-radiative-balance-13epcn8j.png Figure 10. 1.35-seeding zonal mean radiative balance anomalies for all seeding particle concentrations for the net TOA (a,d), the TOA SW (b,e), and TOA LW (c,f). The top row shows the four-year zonal mean for NH winter (December - February) and the bottom row is the fiveyear zonal mean for NH summer (June - August). The grey shaded area is the 95% confidence interval around the mean Seed10 anomaly, representing the two-times standard deviation interval, based on the variance of the annual data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-five-year-annual-global-mean-a-iwc-and-b-liquid-31ica90u.png Figure 11. Five-year annual global mean (a) IWC and (b) liquid water content anomaly profiles as in Figure 7, but for Si,seed = 1.35. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-five-year-zonal-mean-cloud-fractions-0-1-on-2c3vqggi.png Figure 4. Five-year zonal mean cloud fractions [0-1] on pressure levels [hPa] for D19 and S89 ice-cloud fraction approaches for the unseeded reference cases (top-panels). The cloud fraction differences to the respective unseeded reference case are plotted in the subsequent rows for Si,seed = 1.05: Seed0.1 (second row), Seed1 (third row), Seed10 (fourth row), and Seed100 (fifth row). The black line is the five-year mean zonal mean WMO-defined tropopause height on pressure levels, and the blue dashed line is the 238K isotherm. The stippling in the difference plots shows insignificant data points on the 95% confidence level according to the independent t-test controlled by the "false discovery rate" method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-five-year-annual-global-mean-net-top-of-atmosphere-1hmo2ugl.png Table 3. Five-year annual global mean net top-of-atmosphere total radiative balance (TOA) and net CRE in Wm−2 for D19 and S89 ice-cloud fraction approaches for seeding with Si,seed = 1.35. Each quantity includes the 95% confidence interval equating to two standard deviations of the mean values of the five-year data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-five-year-zonal-mean-a-sw-and-b-lw-heating-rate-2urofmaa.png Figure 13. Five-year zonal mean (a) SW, and (b) LW heating rate anomalies for D19 with a seeding particle concentration of 100 INP L−1. Anomalies are only shown for the upper troposphere and the stratosphere between 300 hPa and 10 hPa. The black line is the five-year mean zonal mean WMO-defined tropopause height on pressure levels. The stippling in the difference plots shows insignificant data points on the 95% confidence level according to the independent t-test controlled by the "false discovery rate" method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-five-year-zonal-mean-net-top-of-atmosphere-toa-p3d34ba8.png Figure 8. Five-year zonal mean net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative balance anomalies between total SW and LW fluxes for a critical seeding particle saturation ratio of (a) 1.05 and (b) 1.35 for each seeding particle concentration minus the reference unseeded D19 simulation. The grey shaded area is the 95% confidence interval, representing the two-times standard deviation interval, of the Seed10 anomaly based on the variance of the five-year data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-setup-for-cirrus-seeding-for-the-two-2kw26ycy.png Table 1. Experimental setup for cirrus seeding for the two ice-cloud fraction schemes. Both configurations include seeding particle concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 L−1. In addition, seeding is conducted for a seeding particle critical ice saturation ratio (Si) of 1.05 and 1.35. The "Full" in the reference simualtions refers to full ice nucleation competition between pre-existing ice, heterogeneous nucleation on minereal dust particles, and homogeneous nucleation of liquid sulfate aerosols in the in-situ cirrus scheme (Kärcher et al., 2006; Kuebbeler et al., 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-five-year-mean-global-mean-net-top-of-atmosphere-smw5p2xs.png Figure 3. Five-year mean global mean net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative balance anomalies in Wm−2 between total SW and longwave fluxes, and cloud radiative fluxes comprising the CRE. Anomalies are defined as the differences between each seeding simulation and the reference simulation without seeding. The left column (a,c) shows the radiative anomalies for simulations with Si,seed = 1.05, and the right column (b,d) is the same for Si,seed = 1.35. The errors bars represent the 95% confidence (2σ). Note the differences in scales for the Si,seed = 1.05 plots and the Si,seed = 1.35 plots. https://scispace.com/papers/citation-analysis-of-database-publications-2wtd1l0fok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-most-referenced-authors-1hgnpxhy.png Table 4: Most referenced authors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-different-citation-counts-100-google-1f588okl.png Figure 1: Comparison of different citation counts (100% = Google scholar including self citations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-publications-and-citations-22zex9cc.png Table 1: Number of publications and citations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-impact-of-conference-paper-type-3qui0imc.png Figure 2: Relative impact of conference paper type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-numer-of-citations-26cob8a3.png Figure 4: Total numer of citations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-citations-for-top-5-publications-a3grcyrl.png Figure 5: Number of citations for top 5 publications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-publications-2mgwfrp5.png Figure 3: Number of publications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-number-of-citations-32cgzk18.png Figure 6: Average number of citations https://scispace.com/papers/citizenship-for-sale-passports-of-convenience-from-pacific-3gcqsdna6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-passport-sales-of-pacific-islands-tax-havens-1bwuq0rd.png TABLE I PASSPORT SALES OF PACIFIC ISLANDS TAX HAVENS https://scispace.com/papers/city-regions-new-geographies-of-uneven-development-and-1mckrdtqaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-distribution-of-weekly-earnings-women-in-full-time-w9rbyas7.png Table 2.2: Distribution of Weekly Earnings: Women in Full Time Employment https://scispace.com/papers/clarifying-sustainable-development-concepts-through-role-2e9czd1w9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-classroom-setting-of-the-role-play-1tbyjt65.png Figure 2: classroom setting of the role-play https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-synthetic-representation-of-the-three-spheres-of-78wjmoga.png Figure 1: a synthetic representation of the three spheres of sustainable development https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-of-the-role-play-by-students-2s5krc5b.png Table 2: Assessment of the role-play by students https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-organizations-represented-in-the-role-2dgj06mz.png Table 1: Examples of organizations represented in the role-play https://scispace.com/papers/classification-of-emotions-based-on-functional-connectivity-52xy3n94x5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-classification-accuracies-for-connectivity-within-3udkvhzk.png Figure 3. a) Classification accuracies for connectivity within and between each ROI. Color code denotes classifier accuracy; cells shown in white have guesses below naïve chance level (16.6%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, only the accuracy for within default mode network connections remained significant. b) Classifier confusions for subnetwork classification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-emotion-wise-classification-accuracies-for-the-1lq1ddyd.png Figure 2. a) Emotion-wise classification accuracies for the full-network classification. Dashed line represents naïve chance level (16.6%). Asterisks denote significance relative to chance level (*p<0.01, ***p<0.0001). Thick black line represents median of classification accuracies. Boxes show the 25th to 75th percentiles of classification accuracies and values outside this range are plotted as circles. Whiskers extend from box to the largest value no further than 1.5 * inter-quartile range from the edge of the box. b) Classifier confusions from full network classification. Color code denotes average classifier accuracy over the cross-validation runs, cells shown in white have guesses below naïve chance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-trial-structure-the-highlighted-time-period-hrf-2t6b6bhd.png Figure 1. a) Trial structure. The highlighted time period (HRF-corrected) was used for calculating the connectivity matrices. b) Functional brain systems analyzed in the present study, based on Power et al. (2011). Dots denote network nodes and colors denote subnetworks. c) Connectivity matrices were calculated using Pearson correlation between each pair of 264 node time series for each subject and for each 60-s narrative. d) The connectivity matrices were fed as input for a linear support vector classifier. e) The classifier performance was evaluated by calculating the accuracy (percentage of correct classifier guesses per target category) and the confusion matrix (classifier guesses per category). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-emotion-wise-classification-accuracies-for-2vy9vqt0.png Figure 4. a) Emotion-wise classification accuracies for connections within the default mode system. Dashed line represents naïve chance level (16.6%). Asterisks denote significance relative to chance level (**p<0.001, ***p<0.0001). Thick line represents median of classification accuracies. Boxes show the 25th to 75th percentiles of classification accuracies and values outside this range are plotted as dots. Whiskers extend from box to the largest value no further than 1.5 * inter-quartile range from the edge of the box. b) Classification accuracies and c) subnetwork confusion matrices for DMN subnetwork classification. Color code denotes classifier accuracy; cells shown in white have guesses below naïve chance level. https://scispace.com/papers/classical-quantum-correspondence-in-atomic-ionization-by-2a0uxlnj4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-e-l-distributions-for-3200-nm-laser-c8bg9y9b.png FIG. 7. (Color online) E − L distributions for 3200 nm laser pulses and a peak intensity of I = 1014 W/cm2 interacting with hydrogen. The total pulse lengths are 6 (a), 10 (b), 14 (c), and 30 cycles (d). The appearance of higher order LES peaks as a function of pulse length is observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-phase-space-mapping-of-initial-states-t0-1w6n4ymo.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Phase-space mapping of initial states (t0,p⊥,0) onto final states (E,L) for the multiple LES. λ = 3200 nm, I = 1014 W/cm2, 14 cycles cosine-like pulse, ionization restricted to central half pulse, p‖,0 = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scaling-of-the-position-of-the-les-with-g-using-an-fmdkzfxn.png FIG. 9. Scaling of the position of the LES with γ using an eightcycle laser pulse with fixed peak intensity I = 1014 W/cm2. For the first order LES positions in forward (squares) and backward (circles) directions are plotted separately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-momentum-distributions-linear-color-scale-17znm6hs.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Momentum distributions (linear color scale) after interaction of a strong (I = 1014 W/cm2) midinfrared (λ = 3200 nm) laser pulse with a hydrogen atom. The distributions were calculated using the CVA (top), full quantum simulation (middle), and CTMC (bottom); the total pulse duration is eight cycles. Left: two-dimensional distributions; right: projection onto p‖. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-ctmc-energy-spectra-for-tunneling-1fgb5nuc.png FIG. 10. (Color online) CTMC energy spectra for tunneling ionization (Ip for xenon) interacting with a 3600 nm laser pulse averaged over a Gaussian intensity distribution (Imax = 0.8 × 1014 W/cm2) and averaged over φCEP (red solid line). The total pulse duration was 30 cycles. The spectrum was recorded for 6◦ opening angle of the electron detector to match the experimental conditions [35], experimental data [6] are shown as open circles. The high-energy cutoffs of the first and second-order LES are marked by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-center-e-l-distributions-calculated-using-3hfnz6f5.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Center: E − L distributions calculated using the CVA (top), TDSE (middle), and CTMC (bottom); projections onto the energy (left) and angular momentum axes (right). To improve contrast a nonlinear color coding ( √ P (E,L)) has been used. Laser parameters as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-projected-longitudinal-momentum-3h63rp80.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Projected longitudinal momentum distributions averaged over p⊥ < 0.1 a.u. Thin lines: P (p‖), thick lines: smoothed distributions P̄ (p‖) (average over one oscillation). The position of the LES is indicated by red dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-energy-spectra-thin-dashed-lines-and-2f29tmys.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Energy spectra (thin dashed lines) and smoothed energy spectra (average over h̄ω; thick lines) calculated using the CVA (top panel), TDSE (middle panel), and the CTMC (bottom panel) simulations. The position of the LES is indicated by the red dotted lines (see Fig. 2). Laser parameters as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/classification-of-outdoor-3d-lidar-data-based-on-m3odmvcavm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2gd2hqpq.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-freiburg-classification-test-results-input-at-the-left-37y5ymm5.png Fig. 6: Freiburg classification test results. Input at the left, output at the right. Colours: (ground, orange), (building, yellow), (trunk, pink), (vegetation, blue). The misclassification of some facade regions as vegetation can be seen in some of the scans, as well as the misclassification of the base of posts as vegetation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-caylus-dataset-the-top-image-shows-an-example-of-23khzcks.png Fig. 5: Caylus dataset. The top image shows an example of clutter found in the set. At the top-left of it, we can see two tree trunks being surrounded by foliage and vegetation. The bottom image shows the sampling sparsity problem. It is particularly noticeable for the road, going from the bottom-center to the top-center of the image, and presenting a dramatic decrease in sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-caylus-classification-test-results-input-at-the-left-3jngkpoh.png Fig. 7: Caylus classification test results. Input at the left, output at the right. Colours: (road, orange), (building, yellow), (trunk, pink), (vegetation, blue), (grass, green), (rough, brown). The missing nearby points can be clearly detected in the scans. Some misclassifications of building features as trunk can also be observed. https://scispace.com/papers/classifier-based-contour-tracking-for-rigid-and-deformable-4uzo3g67uu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-definition-of-the-hmm-on-the-conditional-18xkofd0.png Figure 6: Definition of the HMM on the conditional probability classifier responses over a search image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-a-positive-and-b-negative-training-2b50tomw.png Figure 2: Examples of (a) positive, and (b) negative training samples used to classify texture cut in the middle of the test image. The database items are 32×8 pixels long. (c) features parameters defined on the images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-database-samples-with-a-texture-transition-in-749ned4a.png Figure 1: The database samples with a texture transition in the middle are made using blending of random image regions and down sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tracking-textured-object-against-cluttered-25zsw356.png Figure 7: Tracking textured object against cluttered background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-first-four-trained-classifiers-pkej6eat.png Figure 3: The first four trained classifiers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-different-contour-tracking-srdmwru5.png Figure 8: Comparison between different contour tracking algorithms. First row: Tracking results using our classifier based method and RANSAC. Second row: tracking results using an edge-based tracker. Third row: Tracking results using Fisher discriminant function. Fourth row: tracking results using texture boundary detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tracking-deforming-body-outlines-3lgxmn93.png Figure 9: Tracking deforming body outlines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classification-error-rate-vs-number-of-weak-2gua2pnk.png Figure 4: Classification error rate vs. number of weak learners trained using 2000 positive and 2000 negative samples. Adaboost (thin curve) and regularized boosting (thick curve) are used for the training of weak learners. (a) is the error rate on the original training set and (b) is the error rate on a test set of 1000 positive and 1000 negative samples. https://scispace.com/papers/classifying-industries-into-types-of-relative-concentration-334ay5cphd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-visualization-of-the-absence-problem-25vyvhit.png Figure 8: Visualization of the “absence problem”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-inflation-of-confidence-regions-when-the-39cn27ut.png Figure 10: The inflation of confidence regions when the significance level is lowered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-histograms-of-the-employment-densities-er-grey-bars-rv0he1q0.png Figure 7: Histograms of the employment densities Er (grey bars) and population densities (black line) in 412 NUTS 3 regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-distribution-of-employees-in-the-38bs4j99.png Figure 1: Geographical distribution of employees in the industries Raising of Sheep and Goats and Radio Broadcasting in Germany in 2010. Darker shades of grey indicate higher density of overall employment, larger circles indicate higher density of employees in the respective industry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bivariate-confidence-regions-for-the-assignment-of-3d7jzlt8.png Figure 6: Bivariate confidence regions for the assignment of industries to geographical archetypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-geographical-archetypes-of-german-industries-in-2ohinh4f.png Figure 9: Geographical archetypes of German industries in 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatterplots-of-six-different-geographical-1yr7dgn0.png Figure 4: Scatterplots of six different geographical archetypes based on the densities Er and eir . The densities are derived from Figure 3, where the “road” is subdivided into R = 50 equally large regions. Each scatterplot of Figure 4 displays 50 points (regions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-different-geographic-archetypes-grey-lines-depict-g2nk9htl.png Figure 3: Different geographic archetypes. Grey lines depict the overall employment density (identical in all six diagrams), black lines depict the employment densities of the respective industries. https://scispace.com/papers/classifying-measuring-and-improving-the-quality-of-data-in-nnmka085p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-quality-used-in-search-terms-3i0ktwa9.png Table 1: Dimensions of quality used in search terms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensions-of-data-quality-named-in-publications-wqo71k75.png Table 2: Dimensions of data quality named in publications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-publications-by-year-3bqq75kl.png Figure 1: Number of publications by year https://scispace.com/papers/climate-change-and-america-s-forests-1p5rdcoxm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-aboveground-total-net-primary-production-bole-and-2vufoqz9.png Figure 8.—Aboveground total net primary production (bole and branch plus leaf litter) and aboveground perennial tissue (bole and branch) in relation to annual nitrogen (N) uptake. Symbols designate dominant genera on sites: P = pine, S = spruce, B = birch, M = maple, O = oak. Upper and lower cases designate aboveground production and perennial tissue, respectively. Regression lines through data were significant at the P < 0.01 level (after Nadelhoffer et al. 1985). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-monthly-concentrations-of-atmospheric-c0-2-at-5x7zjz7o.png Figure 1.—Mean monthly concentrations of atmospheric C0 2 at Mauna Loa. The yearly oscillation is explained mainly by the annual cycle of photosynthesis and respiration of plants in the northern hemisphere (after National Research Council 1983). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-vostock-record-of-temperature-from-antarctica-2wvwsayi.png Figure 2.—The Vostock record of temperature from Antarctica, and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (from Fifield 1988). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-current-distribution-of-douglas-fir-and-2ohsmaeu.png Figure 4.—The current distribution of Douglas-fir and projected dis- Figure 5.—Current distribution of ponderosa pine and projected dis- https://scispace.com/papers/climate-change-beliefs-concerns-and-attitudes-toward-3qztwcgubt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percent-concerned-or-very-concerned-about-climate-27zplwln.png Figure 1. Percent concerned or very concerned about climate change-related impacts, by climate change beliefs. Charts 1, 2: All column proportions significantly different at p < .05, except between CC occurring, mostly human causes and CC occurring, equally human and natural causes. Charts 3, 4: All column proportions significantly different at p < .05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percent-agree-or-strongly-agree-about-adaptation-28b07rhp.png Figure 2. Percent agree or strongly agree about adaptation and mitigation actions, by climate change beliefs. All column proportions for all charts significantly different at p < .05. https://scispace.com/papers/climatic-controls-of-ecohydrological-responses-in-the-21l7rn0arp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-series-plots-of-npp-for-the-suluh-a-and-b-bershwa-3u8nvwe6.png Fig. 5. Time-series plots of NPP for the Suluh (A and B), Bershwa (C and D), and Chemay (E and F) sub-536 catchments in the upper, middle, and lower regions of the Geba catchment, respectively. 537 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-series-plots-for-the-npp-change-points-for-the-38u2xl2z.png Fig. 6. Time-series plots for the NPP change points for the Suluh (A) and Genfel (B) sub-catchments. The 539 dashed lines labelled and are the means of the time series before and after the change points, respectively. 540 541 The results from our study showed an increase of temperature and a decrease of 542 precipitation in some parts of the catchment, and overall increase of NPP in the region, a 543 similar result as also obtained elsewhere by Huntingford et al. (2000) and Mohammed et al. 544 (2004). These results are difficult to explain as simply a combined effect of the semi-arid 545 ecosystem. The following mechanism, however, may provide an explanation for the changes 546 of NPP. 547 Increase of minimum temperature in rainy and small rainy seasons, and decrease of 548 precipitation in small and dry seasons are mostly found in the upper region of the catchment. 549 This finding may be due to the fact that the upper region of the catchment is found in high 550 altitude areas and have lower temperature, that increase in rainy and small rainy season 551 minimum temperature advances an upward trend as a result (Zhang et al 2013; Zhao and 552 Running, 2010). While a decrease of precipitation in small and dry seasons have moisture 553 stress to some extent. As the small rainy and dry seasons contributed less amount of 554 precipitation (less than 20%) to the annual average in the catchment. Moreover, mechanisms 555 other than climate, such as CO2 fertilization, and N deposition, may also play roles in the 556 increasing of NPP trend (Jacob et al., 2015). Therefore, it is likely that the marked changes of 557 the NPP seen in the upper region were mainly caused by human interventions, which will be 558 discussed in Section 3.2.3. 559 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-series-plots-for-mean-annual-discharge-a-rainy-tse6k59j.png Fig. 3. Time-series plots for mean annual discharge (A), rainy season mean discharge (B), small rainy season 473 mean discharge (C), and dry season mean discharge (D) at the Upper Geba, Suluh, and Genfel gauging stations 474 in the upper region of Geba catchment. 475 476 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-illustrating-the-regions-purple-4v2677l9.png Fig. 1. Map of the study area, illustrating the regions (purple line) and sub-catchments (blue line), location of 197 streamflow and meteorological stations, and the catchment topography. Geba catchment outlet is marked with a 198 red dot. The numbers of the streamflow gauging stations and abbreviation identifying the sub-catchments are 199 provided in Appendix A, Table A.1. 200 201 202 The area consists of crop land (45.6%), shrub covered areas (29.9%), grass land (8.7%), bare 203 soil (7.95%), artificial surfaces (4.9%), tree covered areas (2.8%), and water bodies (0.15%) 204 (own processing from 2014 Landsat images). The dominant soil types are Eutric Leptosols, 205 Vertic Cambisols, Rendzic Leptosols, Chromic Luvisols, and Calcic Vertisols (FAO, 1998; 206 Tielens, 2012). 207 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-correlations-between-streamflow-npp-and-precipitation-3sxkh6if.png Fig. 9. Correlations between streamflow, NPP and precipitation in the Suluh (A) and (B) and Genfel (C) and (D) 746 sub-catchments in the two different periods (first and second periods). 747 748 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mann-kendall-test-z-statistics-and-trend-magnitudes-1qh213uy.png Fig. 2. Mann-Kendall test Z statistics and trend magnitudes for annual and seasonal trends in precipitation and 374 temperature at the Geba catchment climatic stations. Graphs in the left row represent the Mann-Kendall test Z 375 statistics for total annual precipitation (A), monthly mean of daily mean temperature (B), monthly mean of daily 376 maximum temperature (C), and monthly mean of daily minimum temperature (D); Graphs in the right row 377 represent the trend magnitudes for total annual precipitation (E), monthly mean of daily mean temperature (F), 378 monthly mean of daily maximum temperature (G), and monthly mean of daily minimum temperature (H). 379 380 From Fig. 2B, C and D, it is evident that the annual and seasonal daily mean, maximum, 381 and minimum temperatures tend to strongly increase at the majority of the stations. Monthly 382 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-series-plots-for-the-changes-in-mean-annual-1m2utfe3.png Fig. 4. Time-series plots for the changes in mean annual discharge at the Suluh sub-catchment (A) and Genfel 479 sub-catchment (B) gauging stations. The dashed lines labelled and are the means of the time series before 480 and after the change points, respectively. 481 482 The break points of the annual mean streamflow are shown in Appendix A, Table A.5. 483 Significant downward shifts were generally detected for annual mean streamflow at most of 484 the stations. The time-series plots for the changes in annual mean streamflow for the 485 representative stations, Suluh and Genfel stations are presented in Fig. 4. Streamflow decline 486 in Suluh started as early as 1988. It has accelerated since 1996 and the trend became 487 significant after 2002. For Genfel station, an upward shift of streamflow started as early as 488 1987 and the trend became significant after 1996. This pattern can also be largely attributed to 489 the operation of the micro-dam reservoir since 1992, and to the 1990–92 and 1999–2000 490 droughts in the region (Edossa et al., 2010). The upward shifts were likely due to the 491 implementation of large-scale measures for conserving soil and water in the sub-catchment 492 since 1980s (Asfaw, 2014; Nyssen et al., 2010). The impact of human activities as land 493 rehabilitation measures, and land use and land cover change, on streamflow is discussed in a 494 later Section 3.2.3. 495 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlations-between-the-cvs-for-mean-annual-rainy-1gy8nl8s.png Fig. 7. Correlations between the CVs for mean annual, rainy season, small rainy season, and dry season 590 streamflow and NPP, and the CVs for precipitation, mean temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum 591 temperature at a seasonal time scale. Graphs in the left row represent the correlations between the CVs for mean 592 annual (A), rainy season (B), small rainy season (C), and dry season (D) streamflow; Graphs in the right row 593 represent the correlations between the CVs for mean annual (E), rainy season (F), small rainy season (G), and 594 dry season (H) NPP. 595 https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-and-epidemiological-characteristics-of-chronic-47j48w6enw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hcv-infection-comparative-characteristics-of-the-f9y3yc0y.png Table 1. HCV infection - comparative characteristics of the group “65 +” and “Others” https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-applications-of-spect-ct-in-imaging-the-extremities-3ayhvle3gj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-21-year-old-man-with-pain-in-the-third-100tmo9v.png Fig. 1 A 21-year-old man with pain in the third carpometacarpal joint of the left hand posteriorly. MIP image (a) and sagittal 99mTc-DPD SPECT image (b) show focally increased tracer uptake (arrows) corresponding to a typical carpal boss on the CT image (c , arrow) and fused SPECT/CT image (d , arrow) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-27-year-old-woman-with-pain-in-the-left-hip-mip-1hzzs95l.png Fig. 3 A 27-year-old woman with pain in the left hip. MIP image (a) and coronal 99mTc-DPD SPECT image (b) show focally increased tracer uptake (arrows) in the subtrochanteric region of the femur corresponding to an osteolytic lesion with central nidus on the CT image (c, arrow) and fused SPECT/CT image (d, arrow), characteristic of osteoid osteoma https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a79-year-oldwomanwith-pain-in-the-right-hip-6-years-2j957y9y.png Fig. 2 A79-year-oldwomanwith pain in the right hip 6 years after total hip arthroplasty. MIP image (a) and coronal 99mTc-DPD SPECT image (b) show increased tracer uptake in the right acetabulum (arrows) with osteolysis on the CT image (c , arrow) and SPECT/CT image (d , arrow) around the acetabular component. Additionally, material wear was observed at the acetabular cup inlay. No increased uptake is seen around the femoral component. Loosening of the acetabular component was verified intraoperatively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-45-year-old-patient-after-pilon-fracture-of-the-ss25sxas.png Fig. 5 A 45-year-old patient after pilon fracture of the tibia. Severe activated posttraumatic osteoarthritis and cartilage loss is seen in the anterior part of the ankle joint on the CT image (a), sagittal 99mTc-DPD SPECT image (b) and SPECT/CT arthrography image (c) (arrows). The subtalar joint is well preserved https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-83-year-old-woman-with-pain-in-the-ankle-without-a-3atq7k9a.png Fig. 6 An 83-year-old woman with pain in the ankle without a history of trauma. Radiographs (not shown) and initial CT image (a) are normal. Planar scintigraphy image (b) and sagittal 99mTc-DPD SPECT image (c) obtained 5 days later demonstrate band-like increased uptake (arrows) in the distal tibial metaphysis corresponding to a sclerotic line on the CT image (d , arrow) and fused SPECT/CT (e , arrow) due to an insufficiency fracture https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-characteristics-activity-levels-and-mental-health-22bo8czn65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-of-respondents-at-covid-19-infection-left-and-23mb0xtf.png Figure 1. Age of respondents at COVID-19 infection (left) and time from infection at date of response to the ‘Long COVID Kids Rapid Survey 2’ questionnaire (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confirmation-status-of-covid-19-infection-by-country-2uyzzurc.png Table 1. Confirmation status of COVID-19 infection, by country of residence and by time from infection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-children-experience-of-covid-19-by-confirmation-2gta60ws.png Table 3. Children experience of COVID-19 by confirmation status of COVID-19 infection, and by the pre-existence of comorbidity conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-symptoms-present-since-covid-19-infection-multiple-4ccc3icq.png Table 2. Symptoms present since COVID-19 infection (multiple choices allowed), by the pre-existence of comorbidity conditions, by sex, by age group, and by time from infection https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-outcomes-of-patients-with-covid-19-and-chronic-1apyrzsqcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-individual-risk-factors-for-poor-outcome-da9gjs0c.png Table 4. Analysis of individual risk factors for poor outcome; total and by cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-association-of-risk-factors-with-poor-outcome-in-2g3jh5ns.png Table 5. Association of risk factors with poor outcome in COVID-19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-cohorts-compared-2aotrqhh.png Table 1. Description of the cohorts compared. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drugs-used-by-the-rheumatic-cohort-at-the-time-of-1ffwgm0b.png Table 2. Drugs used by the rheumatic cohort at the time of cohort entry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-evolution-and-therapy-of-covid-19-in-1xfac15a.png Table 3. Description of evolution and therapy of COVID-19 in the compared cohorts. https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-significance-of-exercise-pulmonary-hypertension-in-3rgooh3g1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-data-22ogihjg.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-association-between-exercise-spap-and-the-overall-132bvuwb.png Figure 6. Association between exercise SPAP and the overall mortality risk. HRs (solid line) were estimated in a Cox univariate model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cox-proportional-hazard-model-determinant-of-death-3kkflkiy.png Table 5 Cox proportional Hazard model: determinant of death, heart failure hospitalization and combined cardiac event https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resting-and-echocardiographic-data-3k5zyp62.png Table 2 Resting and echocardiographic data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-exercise-systolic-pulmonary-3w7nuyvl.png Table 3 Relationship between exercise systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and resting and exercise echocardiographic data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-between-exercise-induced-changes-in-spap-134yb53r.png Figure 2. Relation between exercise-induced changes in SPAP and exercise-induced changes in RV (A) and in EROA (B), stratified according to resting MR severity (light blue dots denote resting EROA >20 mm2; dark blue dots denote resting EROA 20 mm2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-incidence-of-combined-cardiac-events-according-to-3jnm0o8g.png Figure 4. Incidence of combined cardiac events according to the presence or not of exercise PH. Percentages reported in the graphs are the rates of events at 2- and 4-year follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overall-survival-according-to-the-presence-or-not-d5o542ng.png Figure 5. Overall survival according to the presence or not of exercise PH. Percentages reported in the graphs are the rates of survival at 2- and 4-year follow-up. https://scispace.com/papers/clinicopathological-and-prognostic-significance-of-ras-1udieyb5k0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-raph1-protein-expression-and-npp60t42.png Table 2. Correlation between RAPH1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survival-analysis-based-on-clinicopathological-1odl8tco.png Table 3. Survival analysis based on clinicopathological characteristics, including RAPH1 protein expression in lymphovascular invasion positive cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-association-of-raph1-mrna-expression-with-mrna-1bx0yqq5.png Table 1. Association of RAPH1 mRNA expression with mRNA expression of other genes associated with EMT related genes, cancer stem cell related genes and basal markers https://scispace.com/papers/cloning-and-expression-analysis-of-allograft-inflammatory-3upwq3rmfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-homology-model-for-sn-aif1-the-central-figure-shows-1oc7ytt3.png Figure 3. Homology model for Sn-AIF1. The central figure shows the fragment G14–P138. Left up and down corners show the calcium-binding domain known as the EF-hand hand 1 and EF-hand 2 motifs, respectively. The right panel shows a surface representation, with the noncharged residues in green and Gly in yellow. The amino acids that potentially bind calcium are in sticks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phylogenetic-tree-of-the-aif-1-family-using-the-ngs28q31.png Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree of the AIF-1 family using the UPGMAmethod. Bootstrap values represent the frequency (in percent) of appearance of each clade in 1,000 bootstrap replicas. The tree is rooted with the sequence of Dictyostelium discoideum, deduced from the cbpB gene. GenBank accession numbers are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expression-of-sn-aif-1-mrna-analyzed-by-real-time-3ejew8tg.png Figure 5. Expression of Sn-AIF-1 mRNA analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. (A) Sn-AIF1 was measured in 3 different tissues. The gene encoding the elongation factor (EF) was used as internal control. The levels of Sn-AIF-1mRNAare normalized to the level in coelomocytes. (B) Sn-AIF 1 mRNA expression was measured in coelomocytes after the bacterial challenge. Results are mean% SE of 3 independent experiments realized in a pool of 10 sea urchin from nonstimulated (white) and stimulated (black) sea urchins at 24 h and 48 h postinfection. Bars represent the relative transcript levels normalized to elongation factor transcript levels, as described in Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-variation-of-total-coelomocytes-a-and-red-1n8o6uwy.png Figure 1. (A, B) Variation of total coelomocytes (A) and red spherule cells (B) after bacterial challenge. Three independent experiments were conducted using 10 sea urchins each time. A comparison between the different treatments showed significant differences in total coelomocyte challenge after 24 h (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-30nzpp8o.png TABLE 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multiple-aif-alignments-from-different-species-the-3541m8bh.png Figure 2. Multiple AIF alignments from different species. The top panel shows the sequence alignment, and the bottom indicates the secondary structure, elongation factor-hand motifs with Ca binding residues (*), the precursor of hormonally active peptide residues (#), and the consensus sequence. For amino acids the color code is as follows: red, acidic; blue, basic; green, polar no charge; no color, apolar; yellow, Gly. The elements of the secondary structure are helixes (red bars) and sheets (green arrows). The figure was created with Jalview (Waterhouse et al. 2009). https://scispace.com/papers/clock-skew-minimization-during-fpga-placement-159dz4orl8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-connection-architecture-of-clock-pin-to-clock-ajglvc87.png Figure 1: Connection architecture of clock pin to clock networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-circuits-and-results-for-slicing-clock-1u22851i.png Table 1: Experimental circuits and results for slicing clock tree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-for-comb-clock-tree-1gnuchdf.png Table 2: Experimental results for comb clock tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-slicing-clock-tree-and-module-seletion-result-for-1s7s4mjn.png Figure 9: A slicing clock tree and module seletion result for ALU4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selection-of-logic-modules-16qvbfvv.png Figure 4: Selection of logic modules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-8-6-array-of-modules-and-a-slicing-binary-clock-376aqd3k.png Figure 3: An 8 6 array of modules and a slicing binary clock tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comb-clock-tree-b-dual-comb-clock-tree-1os1bp02.png Figure 2: (a) Comb clock tree. (b) Dual comb clock tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-equivalent-circuits-of-leaf-nodes-when-the-clock-jtxj9lkx.png Figure 5: Equivalent circuits of leaf nodes when the clock pin (a) disconnected or (b) connected to clock tree. https://scispace.com/papers/closed-loop-stability-analysis-of-discrete-time-negative-1gaagjeuaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spring-mass-system-f8nglo9i.png Figure 2: Spring-mass system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-positive-feedback-interconnection-of-p-pzq-and-qpzq-j0k5a1zu.png Figure 1: Positive feedback interconnection of P pzq and Qpzq. https://scispace.com/papers/cloudman-a-platform-for-portable-cloud-manufacturing-55yaco5a34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cloudman-manufacturing-platform-big-data-c29sgrwu.png Figure 4: CloudMan Manufacturing Platform Big Data Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-stakeholders-in-cloudman-manufacturing-system-1vce8rms.png Figure 2: Main stakeholders in CloudMan Manufacturing System. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relationships-between-requirements-and-stakeholders-1tz3rls9.png Table I: Relationships between Requirements and Stakeholders in CloudMan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cloudman-framework-layered-architecture-39zo5qle.png Figure 3: CloudMan Framework Layered Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-core-elements-of-tosca-based-bill-of-3la6suo7.png Figure 1: The core elements of TOSCA-based Bill of Manufacturing Services (BOMS) Template and the Topology. https://scispace.com/papers/cluster-glasses-of-ultrasoft-particles-21fan6jamx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-chemical-compositions-of-the-clusters-1jtzpbcb.png FIG. 4. Distribution of chemical compositions of the clusters (a) for the binary mixture in the (n(1)cl , n (2) cl ) plane and (b) for the polydisperse model in the (n(1)cl , n (3) cl ) plane. The radii of the circles are proportional to the probability of finding clusters with a given chemical composition. The state points are (a) T = 0.35 for the binary mixture and (b) T = 0.45 for the polydisperse model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-thermodynamic-and-cluster-properties-of-the-binary-2eyvglrm.png FIG. 5. Thermodynamic and cluster properties of the binary mixture (black and white symbols) as a function of T : (a) total potential energy U(T), (b) specific heat CV (T ), and (c) fraction P (ncl) of selected cluster populations ncl. The vertical dotted line in (b) marks the position of the peak of the specific heat. In (a) data for the monodisperse GEM-4 model at a density ρ = 4.097 are included for comparison (red symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-black-and-white-symbols-as-fig-5-for-the-polydisperse-1dfhhhbw.png FIG. 6. Black and white symbols: as Fig. 5 for the polydisperse model. Red symbols in (a) are data for the monodisperse GEM-8 model at a density ρ = 5.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-as-fig-15-for-the-polydisperse-model-a-fs-k-5-8-t-and-x3k37rsi.png FIG. 16. As Fig. 15 for the polydisperse model: (a) Fs(k = 5.8, t) and (b) F(k = 5.8, t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-intermediate-scattering-functions-for-the-binary-1p1irwu0.png FIG. 15. Intermediate scattering functions for the binary mixture evaluated at various temperatures (see legend): (a) F 1s (k = 6, t), (b) F 2s (k = 5, t), (c) F11(k = 6, t) , and (d) F22(k = 5, t). The clustering and cluster glass transitions are highlighted with bold dashed and bold continuous lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-comparison-of-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-1uw9omde.png FIG. 23. Comparison of the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients obtained from Newtonian (circles) and Monte Carlo (squares) dynamics in the polydisperse system. The diffusion coefficients of the MC data set have been multiplied by a factor 75. The vertical dotted lines indicate the clustering transition T ∗ and glass transition Tg. The dashed lines indicate power-law and linear behavior, and are included for comparison with the simulation data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-fig-7-but-for-the-polydisperse-model-a-t-2-44-1w5f4lfv.png FIG. 8. Same as Fig. 7 but for the polydisperse model: (a) T = 2.44 and (b) T = 0.64. Particles of species 1, 2, and 3 are depicted as small white spheres, intermediate blue spheres, and big red spheres, respectively. For clarity, only particles contained within a vertical slab of thickness 4 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-snapshots-of-the-particles-positions-above-and-below-bhzjg1yx.png FIG. 7. Snapshots of the particles’ positions, above and below the clustering temperature T ∗ of the binary mixture: (a) T = 0.75 and (b) T = 0.35. Particles of species 1 and 2 are depicted as small white spheres and big red spheres, respectively. For clarity, only particles contained within a vertical slab of thickness 4 are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/clustering-citation-histories-in-the-physical-review-f4x3bjb0sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-macrohistories-of-all-publications-published-in-the-3qc34ggz.png Figure 1: Macrohistories of all publications published in the given year in Physical Reviews that received at least 20 citations using year granularity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-macrohistories-of-the-journals-in-the-aps-2kllh2o1.png Figure 6: The macrohistories of the journals in the APS dataset, for a time period of 12 years. The number of articles in each journal is indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-clusters-obtained-from-cluster-1-on-the-12-2st5jg4u.png Figure 5: Three clusters obtained from cluster 1 on the 12 years dataset. Marathoners and sprinters appear again, within the marathoners cluster. The number of articles in each cluster is indicated in the title of each figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-clustering-results-for-the-dataset-of-length-48-27bdymne.png Figure 4: Clustering results for the dataset of length 48 years. The number of articles in each cluster is indicated in the title of each figure, which are given in decreasing order. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clustering-results-for-the-dataset-of-length-12-3ko3qcaz.png Figure 3: Clustering results for the dataset of length 12 years over a 50000 sample. The number of articles in each cluster is indicated in the title of each figure, which are given in decreasing order. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-independent-variables-used-for-regression-on-cluster-1r64k564.png Table 2: Independent variables used for regression on cluster number. All references, made and received, are to and from publications within the APS journals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-datasets-used-for-different-time-windows-pzjdxvno.png Table 1: Summary of datasets used for different time windows, and results of clustering. The valid data represents all articles with a sufficiently long history, filtered data is the amount of articles which received an above average number of citations compared to articles published in the same year. KS clusters indicates the number of clusters found using the KS test. * indicates time windows for which the provided results come from samples of data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-macrohistory-for-the-12-years-dataset-with-a-1x6rwoxj.png Figure 2: The macrohistory for the 12 years dataset, with a yearly and monthly granularity. https://scispace.com/papers/clustering-uncertain-data-using-voronoi-diagrams-evop3pyubj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-partial-ed-computation-f4h87knn.png Fig. 2. Partial ED computation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-k-on-ned-74h1jyum.png Fig. 8. Effects of k on NED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structure-of-an-r-tree-vhc4tkfb.png Fig. 3. Structure of an R-tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effects-of-s-on-execution-time-per-iteration-qg66xww5.png Fig. 7. Effects of s on execution time per iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bulk-loading-algorithm-for-r-tree-25k68yxo.png Fig. 4. Bulk-loading algorithm for R-tree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-baseline-results-on-semisynthetic-data-set-3v41leok.png TABLE 4 Baseline Results on Semisynthetic Data Set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-effects-of-block-size-on-execution-time-per-iteration-2i8ieu2u.png Fig. 12. Effects of block size on execution time per iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hybrid-algorithms-used-in-experiments-1801apmx.png TABLE 1 Hybrid Algorithms Used in Experiments https://scispace.com/papers/clustering-and-phase-behaviour-of-attractive-active-5bovgxxxan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-isolines-of-particle-number-43qlvqf2.png Fig. 5 Representative isolines of particle number fluctuations δN/ √ N̄ = 1.5 and Ψ6 = 0.1,0.3. Regions broadly consistent with the sketch of Fig.2 are evident. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-active-brownian-particles-area-fraction-fluctuations-16gqrffq.png Fig. 8 Active Brownian Particles. Area fraction fluctuations δφ for a small (upper) and large (lower) value of ζ . Quasi-equilibrium phase separation is seen at low scaled active swim speed va for both values of ζ . Strongly non-equilibrium MIPS is seen at high ṽa only for large ζ . Number of boxes G = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-active-brownian-particles-area-fraction-fluctuations-11n68y98.png Fig. 9 Active Brownian particles: area fraction fluctuations δφ in the φ −ζ plane. The black line corresponds to the curve vaζ/(1+ζ ) = 1. See Eqn. 23 in the main text. Number of boxes G = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-passive-brownian-particles-pbp-active-n0zdgvlg.png Table 1 Parameters for passive Brownian particles (PBP), active Brownian particles (ABP) and hydrodynamic squirmers (HS) with modified Lennard-Jones interactions. Note that PBP are rotationally symmetric so rotational diffusion is unimportant. We work in dimensions space GLT of modulus G, length L and time T , rather than the more usual MLT with M being mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-diagram-of-passive-brownian-particles-mapped-781vsh5v.png Fig. 4 Phase diagram of passive Brownian particles mapped using (a) normalised mean number of particles per cluster n̄∗ = n̄/N, (b) particle number fluctuations δN/ √ N̄ for G = 5 and c) hexatic order parameter Ψ6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-main-qualitative-features-of-the-1o5eib1s.png Fig. 2 Sketch of the main qualitative features of the equilibrium phase diagram of disks with a Lennard-Jones interaction potential VLJ 52,59. S=solid, L=liquid, G=gas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-active-brownian-particles-z-200-0-snapshots-of-the-38k9jsed.png Fig. 7 Active Brownian particles, ζ = 200.0. Snapshots of the system’s configuration on a grid of values of the scaled active swim speed va and effective area fraction φ . Each snapshot is taken at a long time 3×103va/R after the system was initialised at t = 0 in a random state as described in Sec. 4. Note that the scale is nonlinear at the largest ṽa and at low φ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-phase-diagram-of-hydrodynamic-squirmers-mapped-using-17jgbi4f.png Fig. 11 Phase diagram of hydrodynamic squirmers mapped using (a) normalised mean number of particles per cluster n̄∗ = n̄/N, (b) particle number fluctuations δN/ √ N̄ for G = 5 and c) hexatic order parameter Ψ6. https://scispace.com/papers/co-clusterd-a-distributed-framework-for-data-co-clustering-278i927t0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-data-sets-3h6cjpwm.png TABLE 1 Description of Data Sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-basic-worker-1nj5vtbe.png Fig. 7. Basic worker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flow-of-dividing-clusters-approach-2kherlx6.png Fig. 4. Flow of dividing clusters approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flow-of-batching-points-approach-3j9a2syx.png Fig. 5. Flow of batching points approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clustering-results-of-fnmtf-measured-by-accuracy-and-2jgnydlv.png TABLE 2 Clustering Results of FNMTF Measured by Accuracy and NMI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-compare-convergence-speed-and-quality-between-3mnrvscn.png Fig. 3. Compare convergence speed and quality between concurrent updates and sequential updates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clustering-results-of-itcc-measured-by-accuracy-and-1shzzlsq.png TABLE 3 Clustering Results of ITCC Measured by Accuracy and NMI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compare-convergence-speed-and-quality-between-3nrfzz4z.png Fig. 2. Compare convergence speed and quality between concurrent updates and sequential updates. https://scispace.com/papers/co-recognition-of-human-activity-and-sensor-location-via-5g5w5vi00j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-on-body-inertial-sensing-devices-for-24cl285r.png Figure 1. Examples of on-body inertial sensing devices for human activity monitoring and recognition: 1) Nike+; 2) BodyMedia; 3) Healthset; 4) Basis Band; 5) Fitbit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-classification-performance-comparison-of-1-and-2-2sh05tqu.png Table V CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF 1 AND 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solutions-of-1-and-2-optimization-strategies-3ys266i4.png Figure 4. Solutions of 1 and 2 Optimization Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-residuals-of-98-classes-of-1-and-2-optimization-6k6nsgzd.png Figure 5. Residuals of 98 Classes of 1 and 2 Optimization Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-features-used-in-this-work-1a4xaaoh.png Table I FEATURES USED IN THIS WORK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-important-components-of-our-compressed-34hcq598.png Figure 2. The three important components of our compressed sensing-based framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-classification-performance-evaluated-by-three-wr3lqqkq.png Table II CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE EVALUATED BY THREE METRICS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-log-scale-singular-values-of-the-sample-matrix-3js0s2tw.png Figure 3. The log-scale singular values of the sample matrix A1, A2 and A3. We also use Gaussian Random matrix G for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/co2-uptake-potential-of-ca-based-air-pollution-control-das8dwri6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-weight-loss-and-b-weight-loss-rate-curves-for-the-1p3fabyf.png Figure 5. a) Weight loss and b) weight loss rate curves for the three RCC samples. TG runs were carried out at 10 °C/min constant heating rate and in 100 mL/min pure nitrogen flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-use-of-ca-based-apc-residues-from-wte-flue-gas-3i38bt8m.png Figure 1. The use of Ca-based APC residues from WtE flue gas cleaning as alternative feedstock for the calcium looping process, in substitution of limestone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-image-of-the-rcc-fc-sample-and-k-edge-elemental-xuii426r.png Figure 2. SEM image of the RCC-FC sample and K-edge elemental maps of Ca, O, Cl, S and C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-fraction-wt-of-the-main-species-in-the-evm8a8o3.png Table 2. Mass fraction (wt.%) of the main species in the untreated and calcined RCC samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-co2-uptake-over-20-cycles-of-carbonation-700-degc-3syifqf2.png Figure 9. CO2 uptake over 20 cycles of carbonation (700 °C, 60 vol.% CO2 in N2) and calcination (900 °C, 100% N2) for the three activated RCC samples, compared to “fresh” commercial lime and to the natural limestone selected as a reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-co2-sequestration-curve-during-different-cycles-14dpxnxr.png Figure 10. CO2 sequestration curve during different cycles for: a) RCC-FC sample, b) mixture of commercial lime and CaCl2 (weight ratio 70:30). Cycling conditions as in Figure 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-of-the-main-components-in-the-three-2kj3imgz.png Table 1. Concentration of the main components in the three RCC samples (g/kg dry mass). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-co2-sequestration-curve-of-rcc-fc-at-different-2a9x15jh.png Figure 7. a) CO2 sequestration curve of RCC-FC at different temperatures under 60 vol.% CO2, compared to the reference limestone. Pre-calcination at 800 °C in N2. b) CO2 sequestration curve of the three RCC samples at 700 °C under 60 vol.% CO2, after pre-calcination in N2 at 800 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/coagglomeration-and-spillovers-3y6kr2a24a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-productivity-results-81etcdp3.png Table 2: Productivity Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-labour-demand-results-2g8mxe35.png Table 3: Labour Demand Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coagglomeration-index-for-irish-manufacturing-3d15w8av.png Table 1: Coagglomeration index for Irish manufacturing industries—Nace 2 digits, 1972-1999 https://scispace.com/papers/coarse-to-fine-object-tracking-using-deep-features-and-2ukhap95q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-our-coarse-to-fine-tracker-3gcgh00v.png Fig. 2. The architecture of our coarse-to-fine tracker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-precision-and-success-plots-on-otb100-and-otb50-25q6grsv.png Fig. 4. Precision and success plots on OTB100 and OTB50 benchmarks using one-pass evaluation (OPE). The legend of precision plots shows the ranking of the compared trackers based on precision scores at a distance threshold of 20 pixels. The legend of success plots shows a ranking based on the area under-the-curve score. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-evaluation-of-different-versions-of-our-1hnpglwj.png Fig. 3. Performance evaluation of different versions of our tracker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-our-two-feature-extraction-levels-top-1zoxe5vc.png Fig. 1. illustration of our two feature extraction levels. Top: high-level semantic information can be extracted from deep convolutional layers (e.g. conv4 and conv5 from AlexNet). Bottom: DCF filters produce response maps corresponding to low-level spatial information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-success-plots-on-otb100-for-eight-attributes-3223kbq2.png Fig. 5. The Success plots on OTB100 for eight attributes representing the challenging aspects in VOT: background clutter (BC), occlusion (OCC), out-of-plane rotation (OPR), out-of-view (OV), illumination variations (IV), low resolution (LR), deformation (DEF), scale variation (SV). https://scispace.com/papers/code-verification-of-the-higrad-computational-fluid-dynamics-1v0fa7ezep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-rsuh96sg.png Figure 17 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-root-mean-square-rms-errors-of-the-oxygen-density-geb7g5qi.png Table 2. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the Oxygen density concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-higrad-solvers-associated-with-the-proposed-test-10ywc0zb.png Table 1. HIGRAD solvers associated with the proposed test problems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variables-and-coefficients-needed-to-define-the-31hy0qq3.png Table A-1. Variables and coefficients needed to define the diffusion test problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-scale-lef-rate-of-co-correspo-the-rkhowever-order-345fd5bd.png Figure 10 scale (lef rate-of-co correspo The RKhowever order me https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-4-numerical-application-of-the-noh-like-test-problem-2kk5m7b7.png Table B-4. Numerical application of the Noh-like test problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shown-fo-30huwc7p.png Figure 6 shown fo https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-rms-errors-of-oxygen-density-concentrations-for-the-1vkhtz07.png Table 7. RMS errors of Oxygen density concentrations for the diffusion problem. https://scispace.com/papers/coexistence-of-ferroelectricity-and-magnetism-in-transition-fjwbtkp031 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-parameters-for-bi2-x-sr2-x-nb2-x-ru1-x-o12-x-0-21kbcwj3.png Table 1. Final parameters for Bi2−x Sr2+x Nb2+x Ru1−x O12, x = 0.5, from Rietveld refinement of low-temperature NPD data collected at 1.49 Å. Space group B2cb, a = 5.51344(19) Å, b = 5.51166(28) Å, and c = 33.4325(12) Å, with independent isotropic atomic displacement parameters. Goodness of fit = 3.76 for 68 refined parameters. Overall powder R-factors: Rp = 0.0492, wRp = 0.0606. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-refinement-statistics-between-i4-mmm-cydovl4k.png Table 2. Comparison of refinement statistics between I4/mmm and B2cb symmetry. The samples with (∗) contain minor impurities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-ellipsoid-plots-of-final-rietveld-refined-3kxapagp.png Figure 2. Thermal ellipsoid plots of final Rietveld-refined model of Bi2−x Sr2+x Nb2+x Ru1−x O12, x = 0.5, in I4/mmm symmetry with anisotropic ADPs and B2cb symmetry with isotropic ADPs. The cations are shown in grayscale with white axes, strontium in light gray, bismuth in black and niobium and niobium/ruthenium in gray. The oxygen anions are shown in dark gray (red in the electronic version) with black axes. The sites are labeled according to refinements. Note that Bi2/Sr2 is a split site with occupancies shown in table 1. The O5 site in the I4/mmm symmetry is split into the O5 and O6 sites in B2cb symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-ionic-radii-of-the-b-sites-for-all-the-nb-wq3grdd1.png Table 3. Average ionic radii of the B-sites for all the Nb-containing samples. (Note: the ionic radii are derived from Shannons’ tables [15] for the metals in six coordination. Nb5+ = 0.64 Å (also Ta5+), Ti4+ = 0.605 Å, Mn4+ = 0.53 Å, Ru4+ = 0.62 Å, Ir4+ = 0.625 Å.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-fit-to-rietveld-refined-low-temperature-npd-l-pn1udzpi.png Figure 1. Final fit to Rietveld-refined low-temperature NPD (λ = 1.49 Å) data for Bi2−x Sr2+x Nb2+x Ru1−x O12, x = 0.5 in (a) I4/mmm and (b) B2cb symmetry. Observed data are shown as crosses (+), calculated data as a solid line, and the difference as a solid line below. All refinements were performed using isotropic atomic displacement parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ferroelectric-hysteresis-loop-of-the-bi1-5sr2-3iyadv1b.png Figure 4. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop of the Bi1.5Sr2.5Ta2.5Mn0.5O12 sample at room temperature with an applied AC electrical field of frequency 200 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-inverse-magnetic-susceptibility-versus-2broeoqv.png Figure 5. Plots of inverse magnetic susceptibility versus temperature for Aurivillius phases containing M = Ru (circles), Mn (triangles), and Ir (squares). B = Nb data are plotted as solid shapes, and B = Ta data are plotted as open shapes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-the-a-dielectric-constant-versus-frequency-u02kg908.png Figure 3. Plots of the (a) dielectric constant versus frequency and (b) dielectric loss tangent versus frequency for the samples. https://scispace.com/papers/cognitive-abilities-and-portfolio-choice-3jll0bfie8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-75ta6a6r.png Table 1 – continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-effect-of-cognitive-abilities-on-bondholding-1zifft27.png Table 7. The effect of cognitive abilities on bondholding https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-cognitive-abilities-on-stockholding-1hhg52kb.png Table 2. The effect of cognitive abilities on stockholding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-distributions-of-the-indicators-of-cognitive-1cfkalvg.png Figure 1 Sample distributions of the indicators of cognitive abilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-checks-for-total-participation-1dfc6ees.png Table 6. Robustness Checks for Total Participation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-checks-for-direct-participation-8e7hbp8a.png Table 5. Robustness Checks for Direct Participation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-cognitive-abilities-on-stockholding-by-1djn4gmc.png Table 4. The effect of cognitive abilities on stockholding, by participation in social activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-cognitive-abilities-on-stockholding-by-2xdr45mr.png Table 3. The effect of cognitive abilities on stockholding by age https://scispace.com/papers/cognitive-deficits-and-brain-myo-inositol-are-early-1e2skhke4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1h-mrs-analysis-of-mins-tcr-levels-in-the-hippocampus-31mt0vao.png Fig. 3. 1H-MRS analysis of mIns/tCr levels in the hippocampus during epileptogenesis. Representative 1H-MRS spectra acquired at day 22 (A-C) or day 72 (D-F) post-SE in control (A,D), nonepileptic (B,E) and epileptic rats (C,F). Spectra and fit residuals (upper row) are plotted in blue, metabolite fits are plotted in green, and mIns contribution is plotted in red. Panel G depicts the mIns/tCr levels (mean ± s.e.m.) in the various experimental groups at day 22 (controln = 9; non-epileptic n=11; epileptic n=20) and day 72 (control n = 9; non epilepticn = 8; epileptic n=13) post-SE. At day 22,mIns/tCr levelswere increased similarly in epileptic and non-epileptic rats compared to controls while at day 72 themIns/tCr increase persisted only in epileptic rats. *p b 0.05 vs control; #pb 0.05 vs non-epileptic by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's test. Panel H depicts the ROC curve obtained by comparing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-diagram-illustrates-the-experimental-10ebb0s3.png Fig. 1. The schematic diagram illustrates the experimental design, the number of rats injected with pilocarpine (Pilo with SE) and undergoing the subsequent analyses, and the animals excluded by the study in each experiment. Protocol 1 refers to rats exposed to SE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histological-analysis-of-the-hippocampus-at-7-months-3mc70tkf.png Fig. 5. Histological analysis of the hippocampus at 7 months post-SE in rats with and without spontaneous seizures. Panels A and B depict the quantification of neuronal cells in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layers and in the hilus estimated by counting the Nissl-stained neurons (A) and by stereological analysis (B) in control (n=5–6), non-epileptic (n=5–7) and epileptic (n=5–7) rats. In control hippocampi, the number of neuron/section was (mean±s.e.m., n=6) CA1: 1279±25; CA3: 546±15; hilus: 93.9±7 (A); cells/mm3 x 103 (mean±s.e.m., n=5) CA1: 159.1 ± 12.1; CA3: 95.3 ± 5.8; hilus: 11.2 ± 1.8 (B). *p b 0.05, **p b 0.01 vs control by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's test. Panel C shows the number of S100β-immunoreactive astrocytes in control (n = 6), non-epileptic (n = 7) and epileptic (n = 7) rats. The number of cells (mean ± s.e.m., n = 6) in control was 1.891 ± 139. Microphotographs in panel C depict representative images of S100β-positive astrocytes in CA1 pyramidal cell layer in the various groups. *p b 0.05 vs control, ##p b 0.01 vs non-epileptic by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's test. Scale bar: 100 μm. Panel D depicts the quantification of DCX-positive neurons in the dentate gyrus in the various experimental groups (n= 5 rat each group). The number of DCX cells in control was 66.8 ± 8 (mean ± s.e.m.). **p b 0.01 vs control, ##p b 0.01 vs non- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cognitive-performance-in-morris-water-maze-during-2uvtadsy.png Fig. 2. Cognitive performance in Morris Water Maze during epileptogenesis. Panel A depicts the escape latency during the 5 days of training in controls (n=33), non-epileptic (n=11) and epileptic rats (n=20) at day 15 post-SE. *p b 0.05 vs control; #pb 0.05 vs non-epileptic, by oneway ANOVA followed by Dunn's test. Panel B shows the rate of learning at 15 days after SE: the difference between the escape latency in trials 1 and 5, normalized to the escape latency in trial 1. Epileptic rats showed a slower rate of learning compared to non-epileptic rats and controls *p b 0.05 vs control; #pb 0.05 vs non-epileptic by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's test. Panel C depicts the ROC curve obtained by comparing the rate of learning of epileptic vs https://scispace.com/papers/cognitive-reserve-modulates-functional-brain-responses-44jyk226mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-areas-where-significant-correlations-between-brain-2hntu287.png Table 2 Areas where significant correlations between brain activation differences (TD–NMC) and CRV were detected (P 0.05 Bonferroni corrected) within each age group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-dimensional-projections-glass-brain-of-statistical-244ly91d.png Fig. 2. Two-dimensional projections (glass brain) of statistical parametric map depicting areas where significant positive correlations between CRV and brain activation differences (TD–NMC) were noted in the young (P 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). No negative correlations were observed for the young. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-projections-glass-brain-of-statistical-2t5n0iff.png Fig. 3. Two-dimensional projections (glass brain) of statistical parametric map depicting areas where significant correlations between CRV and brain activation differences (TD–NMC) were noted in the elderly (P 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brain-areas-where-regression-slopes-of-crv-against-1qg5lvu2.png Table 3 Brain areas where regression slopes of CRV against brain activation differences (TD–NMC) were significantly different (P 0.05 Bonferroni corrected) among the two age groups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-voxel-wise-multiple-regression-of-crv-x-axis-against-1w5aybye.png Fig. 4. Voxel-wise multiple regression of CRV (x axis) against TD–NMC (y axis) for the two age groups in voxel x 65, y 57, z 6 (right inferior temporal gyrus; Brodmann’s area 37). Young in black circles–solid regression line, old in white circles–dashed regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-voxel-wise-multiple-regression-of-crv-x-axis-against-2evh8t3u.png Fig. 5. Voxel-wise multiple regression of CRV (x axis) against TD–NMC (y axis) for the two age groups in voxel x 22, y 26, z 69 (right postcentral gyrus; Brodmann’s area 3). Young in black circles–solid regression line, old in white circles–dashed regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-voxel-wise-multiple-regression-of-crv-x-axis-against-2fffivs1.png Fig. 6. Voxel-wise multiple regression of CRV (x axis) against TD–NMC (y axis) for the two age groups in voxel x 8, y 26, z 69 (cingulate gyrus; Brodmann’s area 31). Young in black circles–solid regression line, old in white circles–dashed regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-voxel-wise-multiple-regression-of-cognitive-reserve-3ti47q59.png Fig. 7. Voxel-wise multiple regression of cognitive reserve variable (x axis) against TA (y axis) for the two age groups in voxel x 26, y 86, z 23 (left cuneus; Brodmann’s area 19). Young in black circles–solid regression line, old in white circles–dashed regression line. https://scispace.com/papers/coherent-combining-of-mid-infrared-difference-frequency-sxp6ntu38u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-evolution-of-the-interference-signals-of-the-2peg9b6k.png Fig. 3. Time evolution of the interference signals of the idler beams when the phase control loop is open and then closed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-experimental-set-up-for-demonstrating-1enng4ra.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental set-up for demonstrating coherent combining of two 3.4-µm idler beams generated through DFG in PPLN crystals. Coherent combining is achieved by active phasecontrol of one of the pump waves. [17] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-measurements-when-the-control-loop-is-closed-13j5sy7f.png Fig. 4. Phase measurements when the control loop is closed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-measurements-when-the-control-loop-is-open-2genr0wn.png Fig. 2. Phase measurements when the control loop is open. https://scispace.com/papers/coherent-harmonic-generation-experiments-on-uvsor-ii-storage-591y5lx1ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-streak-camera-image-bright-blue-spots-correspond-to-3976j4rr.png Figure 4: Streak Camera Image. Bright blue spots correspond to laser pulse, dark blue to SR. Full scales are 85 ms for the horizontal and 700 ps for the vertical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screen-capture-of-the-oscilloscope-showing-2vsox51y.png Figure 3: Screen capture of the oscilloscope, showing photomultiplier signal. Central peak corresponds to the sum of coherent emission and synchrotron radiation (incoherent emission), and edged peaks to synchrotron radiation. PL=1.78 W, Δt= 1.12 ps, I=4.29mA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seeded-laser-characteristics-mreahw9u.png Table 1: Seeded Laser characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-setup-of-the-laser-transport-to-the-fel-cavity-kt8yol7o.png Figure 2: Setup of the laser transport to the FEL cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coherent-harmonic-generation-scheme-on-a-storage-2d61hvlm.png Figure 1: Coherent Harmonic Generation scheme on a storage ring https://scispace.com/papers/coherent-state-evolution-in-a-superconducting-qubit-from-2qjiem2b9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tomographic-scan-of-the-qubit-state-initially-at-q0-p-1p4hdrg0.png Fig. 2. Tomographic scan of the qubit state, initially at q0/p 0 0.53 (T0.02), following partial measurements. The central spots mark q 0 0 and the circles correspond to q 0 p. (A to C) Experimental tomographic probabilities PT for p 0 0, 0.25, and 0.96. We observe a clear change in PT from an antisymmetric (p 0 0) to a nearly symmetric (p 0 0.96) distribution. (D to F) Fitted distributions for the data of (A) to (C). The dis- https://scispace.com/papers/coil-batching-to-improve-productivity-and-energy-utilization-22zdstdn19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparing-the-branch-and-price-and-cut-algorithm-and-99b9v95e.png Table 2．Comparing the branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm and the rule-based approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-search-tree-for-finding-a-compound-exchange-chain-3mb32o0c.png Figure C-1. Search tree for finding a compound exchange chain https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparing-two-versions-of-the-tabu-search-heuristic-3faoaill.png Table 3．Comparing two versions of the tabu search heuristic and the branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-an-example-of-a-compound-exchange-chain-3rl36z6t.png Figure C-2. An example of a compound exchange chain https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-the-weight-and-width-of-each-coil-in-figure-b-1-1vjc1c0n.png Table C-1． The weight and width of each coil in Figure B-1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-3-the-improved-solution-2d67xxmf.png Figure C-3. The improved solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-a-coil-figure-2-the-structure-of-a-1oss5gw9.png Figure 1. The structure of a coil Figure 2. The structure of a batch annealing furnace https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-four-versions-of-the-branch-and-price-and-20p6gfnx.png Table 1. Comparing four versions of the branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm and the MIP Solver of CPLEX https://scispace.com/papers/cold-reactive-collisions-between-laser-cooled-ions-and-5kyxp1cqrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-logarithmic-plot-of-the-ratio-of-2exmbmfj.png FIG. 4 (color online). (a) Logarithmic plot of the ratio of volumes V t =V 0 occupied by Ca ions of a Coulomb crystal of 250-ion crystal as a function of the reaction time according to the pseudo-first-order rate law Eq. (1) with VQUAD 3:0 kV. (b) Normalized reaction rates krel kbi=kbi VQUAD 3:0 kV as a function of VQUAD. The error bars reflect the 1 uncertainty of four measurements performed for each value of VQUAD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-false-color-fluorescence-images-of-a-1udnoliz.png FIG. 3 (color online). False-color fluorescence images of a small (15-ion) Ca Coulomb crystal (a) before and (b) after the chemical reaction with velocity-selected CH3F molecules. (c),(d) Resonant-excitation mass spectra of the Coulomb crystals in (a) and (b), measured by monitoring the integrated fluorescence of the Ca ions as a function of an additional rf drive frequency applied to the end caps of the ion trap. The decrease of the Ca fluorescence at the position of the resonances in (d) is caused by a reversible melting of the crystal as can be seen in (e), which shows the sequence of fluorescence images of the crystal in (b) (rotated by 90 ) recorded during the mass scan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-kinetic-energy-distributions-of-2bme2vzo.png FIG. 2. Experimental kinetic-energy distributions of velocityselected CH3F molecules as a function of the voltage VQUAD applied to the quadrupole velocity filter. The inset shows the quadrupole mass analyzer signal as a function of time after applying a pulsed voltage VQUAD 4:0 kV to the quadrupole guide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-3t7ey9wy.png FIG. 1 (color online). Schematic representation of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/papers/collaborative-filtering-inspired-from-language-modeling-8jfuqzubyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-of-the-corpus-generated-2b1b0946.png Table 1. Parameter values of the corpus generated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-20-rate-when-using-skipping-during-both-3fxdnc1e.png Figure 2. Top-20 rate when using skipping during both training and prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-20-rate-when-using-skipping-only-during-15od1ygf.png Figure 1. Top-20 rate when using skipping only during training. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coverage-when-using-skipping-during-both-training-1h8l2swy.png Table 2. Coverage when using skipping during both training and prediction https://scispace.com/papers/collaborative-search-on-the-plane-without-communication-3vct3apo9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-two-agents-performing-phase-i-1licy97f.png Figure 1: Illustration of two agents performing phase i. https://scispace.com/papers/collecting-cyclic-distributed-garbage-by-controlled-1qkdrp0vsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distances-in-a-cycle-of-references-2sftkva5.png Figure 2: Distances in a cycle of references. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-actual-distances-of-objects-3nmlocyj.png Figure 1: Actual distances of objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-destination-propagation-in-a-compound-cycle-2b9mndhs.png Figure 5: Destination propagation in a compound cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-destination-propagation-in-connected-cycles-3k32ipyz.png Figure 6: Destination propagation in connected cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-batching-objects-to-be-migrated-16zayz7m.png Figure 4: Batching objects to be migrated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deviation-in-the-estimates-3hmzvrcp.png Figure 3: Deviation in the estimates. https://scispace.com/papers/collagen-morphology-influences-macrophage-shape-and-marker-1d1o59g0gd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-collagen-coating-onmacrophage-subsets-2f7npsj6.png Fig. 3. The effect of collagen coating onmacrophage subsets and marker expression. Glass surfaces were coated with collagen layers of different stiffness and morphologies. MPI alveolar-like macrophages were incubated on these collagen layers or glass for 72 h, after which the expression of MHCII and CD206 was assessed by flow cytometry. A.Macrophage subsets were defined as MHCII(hi)-CD206(lo) M1 macrophages, MHCII(hi)-CD206(hi) M2 macrophages or MHCII(lo)-CD206(hi) M2-like macrophages and represented as percentages of the total population. B. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD206 expression on CD206(hi) macrophages. The results of the different collagen layers were pooled based on their morphology, as stiffness did not have an effect on CD206 expression. Data displayed as box-and-whiskers plots with 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles, statistically tested with one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test (N¼ 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-collagen-morphology-with-transmission-2ebdrse8.png Fig. 2. Analysis of collagen morphology with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Grids were coated with 2.8 mg/mL collagen type I in either neutral or acidic conditions, resulting in respectively fibrous and globular collagen layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-collagen-coated-surfaces-collagen-3j52pth3.png Fig. 1. Characterization of collagen-coated surfaces. Collagen layers formed under different conditions (pH, temperature and concentration), as visualized by bright field microscopy (top pictures, scale bars 50 mm) and atomic force microscopy (bottom pictures, scale bars 1.0 mm). The stiffness of the collagen layers (in kPa) was measured by atomic force microscopy (N¼ 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fibrous-collagen-increases-transmigration-of-1rpdyagz.png Fig. 5. Fibrous collagen increases transmigration of macrophages. Transmigration of macrophages over fibrous and globular collagen-coated transwell membranes, normalized to the control of transmigration over a non-coated transwell membrane (N¼ 4). Data statistically tested with one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-collagen-morphology-affects-the-morphology-of-1jbuotev.png Fig. 4. Collagen morphology affects the morphology of macrophages and the expression of Ym1. Staining of fixed macrophages on the various collagen layers for F-actin (green), Ym1 (red) and DAPI (blue), visualized by confocal microscopy. A. Macrophages grown on glass (control). BeF. Macrophages grown on fibrous collagen. G-I. Macrophages grown on globular collagen. J. Percentage of cells displaying filopodia. K. Intracellular Ym1 expression (marker of M2 macrophages) quantified by TissueFAXS cytometry, normalized to control (N¼ 3). L. Secretion of Ym1 quantified by ELISA, normalized to control (N¼ 6). Data statistically tested with one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. Insets showing a magnification of actin-rich protrusions (B) and filopodia (H). Pictures B and H can be found enlarged in Supplementary Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/papers/collection-of-metaphors-for-human-robot-interaction-4f561qcde8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-metaphors-of-human-robot-interactions-clothing-bridge-tuxqmu45.png Fig 1. Metaphors of human-robot interactions: clothing, bridge, parrot, swetness, tumor, fragility, and paint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visual-exploration-of-selected-metaphors-15y3y9jb.png Fig 6. Visual exploration of selected metaphors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-hri-assumptions-and-challenging-metaphors-1i51eucs.png Fig 11. HRI assumptions and challenging metaphors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-storyboard-about-robot-as-splashes-of-paint-in-the-3hm3rgs2.png Fig 7. Storyboard about robot as splashes of paint in the context of personal robotics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-emerging-and-selected-metaphors-from-the-workshop-3a5d0xfr.png Fig 3. Emerging and selected metaphors from the workshop. Copyright free images from Unsplash by: Lance Aspecr (Bridge); Jilber Ebrahimi (Glass); Robina Weermeijer (heart); Omar Flores (Choir); Aziz Acharki https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-storyboard-about-robot-as-fragile-in-the-context-of-27h2yzih.png Fig 10. Storyboard about robot as fragile in the context of educational robotics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-storyboard-about-robot-as-choir-in-the-context-of-27gno20o.png Fig 9. Storyboard about robot as choir in the context of assistive robotics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-card-from-the-new-metaphors-toolkit-36-fig-5-a-21r2teqm.png Fig 4. Sample card from the New Metaphors Toolkit [36]. Fig 5. A sample card from the New Metaphors Toolkit adapted as example for our exploration of metaphors for HRI. https://scispace.com/papers/collection-efficiency-and-capacity-of-three-samplers-for-425rg0rxfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-setup-for-measuring-the-gas-collection-and-3327fjcp.png FIGURE 1. Test setup for measuring the gas collection and capacity of silica gel tube, impinger, and porous metal disk. https://scispace.com/papers/collection-and-analysis-of-pump-test-data-for-transmissivity-13burh7cif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-p-a-r-t-i-a-l-l-y-p-e-n-e-t-r-a-t-i-n-g-w-e-l-l-i-16vb5adm.png FIGURE 1. A P a r t i a l l y P e n e t r a t i n g W e l l i n a n Unconfined Aqu i f e r https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-36-r-p-e-curve-and-p-u-m-p-test-data-for-well-699-5zghw7yb.png FIGURE A-36. R P E CURVE AND P U M P TEST DATA FOR WELL 699-71-77 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-13-type-cl-rvfs-and-pump-test-data-for-well-699-8-vzth5yxn.png FIGURE A-13. TYPE CL'RVFS AND PUMP TEST DATA FOR WELL 699-8-32 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-8-type-curve-and-pump-test-data-for-well-699-2-3-bcawlb4w.png FIGURE A-8. TYPE CURVE AND PUMP TEST DATA FOR WELL 699-2-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transmissivity-and-storage-coefficient-data-summary-chnl2bau.png TABLE 1. TRANSMISSIVITY AND STORAGE COEFFICIENT DATA SUMMARY FROM STEP DRAWDOWN TESTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-o-f-1969-pump-test-fesults-3cgbc4cz.png TABLE 2 . SUMMARY O F 1969 PUMP TEST FESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-19-type-curves-and-pump-test-data-for-well-699-31-17apw864.png FIGURE A-19. TYPE.CURVES AND PUMP TEST DATA FOR WELL 699-31-53B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-14-type-curves-and-p-u-m-p-tfst-data-for-well-699-8-3oc4ie3v.png FIGURE A-14. TYPE CURVES AND P U M P TFST DATA FOR WELL 699-8-32 https://scispace.com/papers/collective-bargaining-as-a-two-level-game-direct-learner-2a798ht6br 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-actual-annual-labor-cost-increases-in-percentages-3dp7rk3o.png TABLE 1: Actual Annual Labor Cost Increases in Percentages for Different Salary Increases and Contract Lengths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contract-space-for-zug-um-zug-2015-20tx9yv0.png FIGURE 1: Contract Space for ZUG UM ZUG 2015 https://scispace.com/papers/college-dreams-a-la-mexicana-agency-and-strategy-among-2f2yckgaup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-enrolling-students-with-us-high-school-1dnyn1g5.png Table 1. Number of enrolling students with US high school diplomas at the Mexican university https://scispace.com/papers/collusion-price-dispersion-and-fringe-competition-2astwian4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-cartel-prices-by-discount-factor-3giyt4rk.png Figure 1: Optimal cartel prices by discount factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fringe-price-distribution-1fa7k8y6.png Figure 4: Fringe price distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-non-monotonic-relationship-between-prices-and-1wud73ez.png Figure 3: A non-monotonic relationship between prices and patience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-cartel-prices-with-fringe-manipulation-2w5d0zt8.png Figure 2: Optimal cartel prices with fringe manipulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-price-paths-with-two-fringe-firms-ilzdqjv9.png Figure 5: Price paths with two fringe firms https://scispace.com/papers/collision-avoidance-with-limited-field-of-view-sensing-a-k10wakdoli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trajectories-obtained-for-the-experiments-with-11pms542.png Fig. 5. Trajectories obtained for the experiments with quadrotors. Top: Head on collision. Bottom: Cross intersection. The black and red solid lines represent the trajectory of each quadrotor. The arrow ends show the direction of motion. The markers and numbers give an indication of the timing of the trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-boxplot-of-the-minimum-distance-between-the-quadrotors-qi40l3ys.png Fig. 6. Boxplot of the minimum distance between the quadrotors during the avoidance maneuvers. The red dashed line represents the distance at with the quadrotors would collide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-asctec-hummingbird-used-in-the-experiments-1b5m0qi0.png Fig. 4. The AscTec Hummingbird used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trajectories-obtained-with-the-second-scenario-top-the-2upkc1xj.png Fig. 3. Trajectories obtained with the second scenario. Top: the algorithm is not aware of the FOV. Bottom: The SAVO algorithm. The solid blue, black, green and cyan lines are robots’ trajectories. The markers and numbers give an indication of the timing of the trajectories. The FOV of some robots at the timings indicated by numbers are represented by circular sectors. The color of the circular sectors match the color of the trajectories. The FOV range is not to scale. The red solid lines are distances between two robots that are less than the sum of their radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-a-situation-for-which-choosing-va-sa-3nxz09p5.png Fig. 1. Illustration of a situation for which choosing vA /∈ SA leads to a collision. Robot A is the dark red disk, robot B is the dark blue disk. The FOV of the robots are shown as light green circular sectors. The dark green circular sectors are the sensor-constraint sets for each robot. The light red and blue disks represent position of robot A and B, respectively, that collided due to robot A choosing a velocity outside of SA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-obtained-with-the-first-scenario-top-the-2i5imktk.png Fig. 2. Trajectories obtained with the first scenario. Top: the algorithm is not aware of the FOV. Bottom: The SAVO algorithm. The solid blue and green lines are robots’ trajectories. The markers and numbers give an indication of the timing of the trajectories. The FOV of some robots at the timings indicated by numbers are represented by circular sectors. The color of the circular sectors match the color of the trajectories. The FOV range is not to scale. The red solid lines are distances between two robots that are less than the sum of their radii. https://scispace.com/papers/collision-dynamics-and-entanglement-generation-of-two-4xcu32o6er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-minimum-value-taken-by-nr-eq-b6-after-31kuy7fi.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Minimum value taken by NR [Eq. (B6)], after one collision. (b) Frequency difference (in harmonic units ω) of peaks in the Fourier transform of NR from the noninteracting values (t = nπ ) divided by n. (a) For g > 0, the increase to number uncertainty is greatest for g ≈ 2.3 and decreases when the interaction strength is increased further. The g < 0 behavior is initially similar, but deviates at around |g| = 0.6; rather than saturating, it appears to increase even more rapidly with |g|. It is not clear what will happen for g < 0 and |g| 1, which will be a topic for further investigation. (b) Existence of pseudoperiodicity in the system (in addition to low-frequency components relating to the long-time behavior). The noninteracting system has frequency peaks at fn = n/π ; the quadratic fit (solid line) indicates that these peaks shift by an amount roughly equal to −ng/100π . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-minimum-value-obtained-by-nr-as-given-by-1tejm99p.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Minimum value obtained by NR , as given by Eq. (B6), after a given collision. For weak interactions (|g| < 0.1) the behavior is the same for attractive and repulsive, but for slightly larger values of g there is a clear difference in the time scales (measured in harmonic units ω−1), with repulsive interactions producing larger number uncertainties more quickly, despite the fact that Fig. 4 shows that there is little difference in NR after one collision. This difference is likely due to the increased (decreased) energy spacing between the ground and first excited states of the two-atom system with attractive (repulsive) interactions, discussed in Sec. IV B3, and the energy difference between the two-two and three-one number configurations, as discussed in Sec. IV C, which leads to a phase mismatch. For large repulsive values (g > 2), NR reaches a maximum value and then undergoes complex partial revivals on time scales of 30 time units (tens of collisions). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-energy-difference-eint-e31-e22-between-1omqfxl8.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Energy difference Eint = E3,1 − E2,2 between two-atom–two-atom and three-atom–one-atom ground-state clusters (in harmonic energy units h̄ω) as a function of the dimensionless coupling parameter g (quantifying the interaction strength). Analytic estimates from Eq. (31) are shown for comparison, with the Tonks gas being the g → ∞ limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-plots-of-ps-n-t-ps-nmax-t-2-the-fidelity-2iu4xq4m.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Plots of |〈ψ(ν,t)|ψ(νmax,t)〉|2, the fidelity of the wave function computed with smaller basis (energy cutoff at ν) to the wave function computed using a larger basis truncated at νmax = 113. We have displayed results for the extreme values of g (in harmonic oscillator units) employed in the numerics: When lower absolute values of g are considered, the fidelity converges more rapidly with increasing ν. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-all-quantities-are-in-harmonic-oscillator-23g5h232.png FIG. 8. (Color online) All quantities are in harmonic oscillator units: for x0 = 3, (a) time evolution (measured in units of ω−1) of the von Neumann entropy (averaged over a time period of 2π ), as defined by Eqs. (25) and (26), and (b) time evolution of the standard deviation of this quantity, given by the square root of Eq. (27), for a range of interaction strengths both repulsive and attractive. Entropy increases gradually at early times t < 10π and then increases at a more rapid rate before leveling off to an almost constant value with small fluctuations. This behavior is similar for both attractive and repulsive interactions. The variance over the 2π averaging range behaves very differently for strong attractive and repulsive interactions, with the short-time-scale fluctuations persisting for much longer if g < 0. This difference is explained by a change in the dominant processes, with the attractive system being unable to excite the relative degrees of freedom in a cluster and thus transfer of atoms between each cluster becoming more significant. Figure 6(b) shows that atom transfer dynamics in the repulsive case have only small fluctuations at late times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-same-quantities-as-in-fig-6-but-with-g-1-6umk4ayx.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Same quantities as in Fig. 6, but with g = −1.7. (a) Probability to find a given left-right number configuration. (b) The short-term behavior of the expected one-atom position is similar to the repulsive case, but is increased in magnitude. At long times, the right-position expectation values drop to an approximately constant value for all but n = 2, this being the value of a Gaussian state in the center of the trap, for reasons explained in Sec. VII B. This is also the case in (c): Essentially the only significant contribution to the n = 2 states comes from uncertainty in the separation of the atomic dimers, which smooths over transfer effects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-all-quantities-are-in-harmonic-oscillator-2usy65zj.png FIG. 6. (Color online) All quantities are in harmonic oscillator units (length is in units of √ h̄/Mω and time is in units of ω−1). (a) For g = 3 and x0 = 3, time evolution of the probability of finding n (or N − n) atoms to the right with the amplitudes of wave-function components decomposed into eigenfunctions of the L or R number operator, defined in Eq. (18). (b) Expectation value of the position to the right on sections of wave function decomposed into eigenfunctions of the L or R number operator, defined in Eq. (22). (c) Variance in position to the right as defined in Eq. (23), paralleling (b). The expectation value to the right [(b)] effectively tracks the particlelike motion, but after long times the motion appears effectively damped. (c) can quantify this effect: The peaks of σn,N−n increase from their initial value and continue to oscillate about a maximum, except for σ4,0 (which is only significantly probable during collisions), indicating a transfer of energy to the degrees of freedom described in Secs. IV B2 and IV B3. This remains true even at very long times t ∼ 1000, with progressively smaller partial revivals, and so can be said to have equilibrated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-schematic-potential-from-an-optical-q2smxqoi.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Schematic potential from an optical superlattice created by overlapping two lattices (all units are arbitrary). Gray circles represent a loading of two atoms in the ground state of each well. Our suggested scheme tunes the interactions to the desired value and then turns off the double-frequency (dotted line) lattice, leaving only the broader lattice (dot-dashed line), after which the atomic dimers collide. https://scispace.com/papers/colonic-proteome-signature-in-immunoproteasome-deficient-407pis2nho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2mefj0fb.png Table 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-colonic-protein-expression-changes-in-wild-type-wt-241hfsi5.png Table 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-david-functional-annotation-clusters-generated-from-7bmqxdwa.png Table 2. DAVID functional annotation clusters generated from the list of colonic proteins differentially expressed between the four mice groups https://scispace.com/papers/colonization-with-the-commensal-fungus-candida-albicans-1s3qai949b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c-albicans-colonization-increases-anxiety-like-1tn9aeqx.png Figure 2: C. albicans colonization increases anxiety-like behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gastrointestinal-colonization-with-candida-albicans-3c48zk9o.png Figure 1: Gastrointestinal colonization with Candida albicans after a single inoculation without disruption of bacterial gut microbiota or invasive disease https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-c-albicans-colonization-affects-hepatic-lipid-2z5suy7n.png Figure 5: C. albicans colonization affects hepatic lipid-responsive gene expression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neuroendocrine-phenotypes-of-the-c-albicans-3v61qxj5.png Figure 4: Neuroendocrine phenotypes of the C. albicans-colonized mice are mediated through disruption of the endocannabinoid system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-c-albicans-colonization-increases-basal-cort-and-1xrhvjy2.png Figure 3: C. albicans colonization increases basal CORT and alters feedback inhibition after acute stress https://scispace.com/papers/color-tone-mapping-circuit-for-a-focal-plane-implementation-r6tnw53luw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modified-circuit-schematic-diagram-2hylh63h.png Fig. 1. Modified circuit schematic diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-digital-simulation-results-obtained-after-the-1e5enm63.png Fig. 2. Digital simulation results obtained after the application of tone-mapping operators. First column: raw images. Second column: Schlick operator. Third column: Rahman operator. Fourth column: first version of the proposed operator. Fifth column: second version of the proposed operator. Sixth column: third version of the proposed operator. The images were downloaded from [8]. https://scispace.com/papers/colossal-and-reversible-barocaloric-effect-in-phase-change-47i4fhfg6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-comparision-of-bc-performance-between-cnh2n-2-and-oufv5m7m.png Fig. 2. The comparision of BC performance between CnH2n+2 and existing BC materials. Maximum adiabatic temperature change (A) and isothermal entropy change (B) as a function of pressure for C18H38, C16H34 and C14H30, are shown along with the reported BC materials. Here, the isothermal entropy change in references is mainly obtained by indirect or quasi-direct methods. According to different methods, reversible (|ΔSr|) and non-reversible entropy changes (|ΔSir|) can be obtained in literatures. For the adiabatic temperature changes, some were measured by direct measurement (|ΔTd|). Others were estimated by quasi-direct method, corresponding to either reversible (|ΔTr|) or irreversible values (|ΔTir|). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-adiabatic-temperature-change-measured-by-direct-10bwkev5.png Fig. 1. The adiabatic temperature change measured by direct method (ΔTd) and the reversible isothermal entropy change (ΔSr). The sample’s temperature change under different pressures at 294 K (A), 305 K (B) and 356 K (C); All reliable ΔTd values for C18H38 (D) and C16H34 (E); ΔSr under different pressures for C18H38 (F) and C16H34 (G). https://scispace.com/papers/colour-water-and-chlorophyll-loss-in-harvested-broccoli-1njnr8d2ps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-storage-time-on-the-content-of-chlorophyll-a-1rtumi8j.png Fig 2. Effect of storage time on the content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll of broccoli florets stored at 18 ± 1°C and a relative humidity of 45-62%. Values represent the means of three replicates (n= 3). Vertical bars represent the standard deviation of the means. Values with different letters are significantly different P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-time-from-harvest-on-the-colour-turgor-1jjm7ab5.png Fig 1. Effect of time from harvest on the colour, turgor, weight loss, and visual quality of broccoli florets stored at 18 ± 1°C and a relative humidity of 45-62%. Values represent the means of three replicates on a rating scale (1-6) (n = 3), for colour 1: green, 2: traces (<10% yellowing), 3: slight yellowing (11- 20%), 4: moderate yellowing (20-30%), 5: severe (30-50%), and 6: waste (> 50% yellowing), for turgor 1: excellent (turgid), 2: very good (virtually turgid), 3: good, (traces of limpness) 4: fair, (moderate level of limpness) 5: poor/not acceptable (severe limpness-nearly dried), and 6: waste, for visual quality 1: excellent (Brilliant fresh appearance), 2: very good (Fresh appearance), 3: good (Limit of marketability), 4: fair (usable but cannot be marketed), 5: poor/not acceptable, and 6: waste and weight loss as cumulative % loss in weight. Vertical bars represent the standard deviation of the means. https://scispace.com/papers/combinatorial-methods-for-the-evaluation-of-yield-and-4ba7lddvra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gate-level-description-of-the-functiong-w-v1-vm-2tzewn32.png Figure 1:Gate-level description of the functionG(w, v1, . . . , vM ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-architecture-of-system-on-chip-esen8x2-3c7h1xma.png Figure 6:Architecture of system-on-chip ESEN8x2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-small-romdd-to-illustrate-the-computation-ofp-g-w-28ptyzuh.png Figure 2:Small ROMDD to illustrate the computation ofP [G(W,V1, . . . , VM ) = 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-architecture-of-system-on-chip-msn-s1bor3r3.png Figure 5:Architecture of system-on-chip MSn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-the-method-for-the-evaluation-of-18cz1zfa.png Table 3:Performance of the method for the evaluation of operationalreliability for ε = 1× 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gate-level-description-of-the-functiong-w-v1-vm-u1-2xjhp3sf.png Figure 4: Gate-level description of the functionG(w, v1, . . . , vM , u1, . . . , uC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-the-method-for-the-evaluation-of-950q9a3r.png Table 2:Performance of the method for the evaluation of yield forε = 2× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-procedure-for-obtaining-the-4gu8dkkn.png Figure 3:Illustration of the procedure for obtaining the ROMDD from the coded ROBDD https://scispace.com/papers/combined-morphological-and-molecular-approach-for-2thl9ffaps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-traits-on-tomato-agar-and-20yynw65.png Table 1. Morphological traits on tomato agar and pathogenicity on pear of Stemphylium isolates and ex-type strains used in this study. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-stemphylium-sequences-included-in-the-3cimu6uv.png Table 2. Selected Stemphylium sequences included in the phylogenetic analysis of ITS and gpd regions with GenBank accession numbers. https://scispace.com/papers/combined-use-of-haemostatic-system-indices-for-evaluation-of-2vg8gx9jbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-pra-elastase-like-amidolytic-1ewhx5h6.png Table 2. Characteristics of PRA, elastase-like amidolytic activity and contents of their inhibitors in blood plasma of patients with URT cancer https://scispace.com/papers/combining-clinical-and-polygenic-risk-improves-stroke-3mdxbie6pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-uk-biobank-incident-3ue7tj5y.png Table 1: Descriptive characteristics of UK Biobank incident Cohort at AF diagnosis. HTN = Hypertension, AF = Atrial Fibrillation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reclassification-table-comparing-classification-233r8zm0.png Table 2: Reclassification table comparing classification using conventional risk prediction tool (CHA2DS2-VASc ) compared with our integrated genetic and clinical risk factors tool (CHA2DS2-VASc -G)). Up and down arrows denote up or down-classified participants respectively: Up arrow denotes participants who were moved from below the anticoagulation threshold (with CHA2DS2-VASc ) to above the anticoagulation threshold (with CHA2DS2VASc -G). Down-arrow denotes participants who were moved from above the anticoagulation threshold (with CHA2DS2-VASc ) to below the anticoagulation threshold (with CHA2DS2-VASc -G). Horizontal arrows represent participants who stay in the same category for both risk tools. The last column shows the observed number of ischemic strokes in the different reclassification groups over follow up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cumulative-ischemic-strokes-over-time-since-af-314fr7lt.png Figure 4: Cumulative ischemic strokes over time since AF diagnosis. Participants were grouped into four groups: Up-classified: Participants who were below the anticoagulation threshold using CHA2DS2-VASc , but above the anticoagulation threshold using CHA2DS2-VASc -G (clinical risk factors and PRS combined). Shared high risk: Participants who were above the anticoagulation threshold using both CHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VASc -G. Shared low risk: Participants who were below the anticoagulation threshold using both CHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VASc -G. Down classified: Participants who were above the anticoagulation threshold using both CHA2DS2-VASc , but below using CHA2DS2-VASc -G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-c-statistics-for-each-individual-component-of-3naaka8y.png Figure 3: C-statistics for each individual component of CHA2DS2-VASc , as well as for polygenic risk score (PRS), CHA2DS2-VASc collectively and the integrated CHA2DS2-VASc -G (CHA2DS2-VASc and PRS). C-statistics derived from Cox regression models adjusting for sex, array and first 10 Principal Components of ancestry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-histogram-of-participants-with-af-colour-2yil4dul.png Figure 2: A: Histogram of participants with AF, colour representing those that had an ischemic stroke or not. B: Participants are binned into 100 groups to determine their polygenic risk score (PRS) percentile (x-axis), the prevalence of ischemic stroke (at the end of follow up) is represented on the y axis. For both plots, the PRS is adjusted via logistic regression adjusting for the following covariates: age, sex, first 10 principal component of ancestry, and array platform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-represents-the-five-broad-study-steps-b-displays-c6qymfh6.png Figure 1: A represents the five broad study steps. B displays the characteristics of the participants in the UK Biobank prevalent Cohort and the UK Biobank incident Cohort, in relation to their AF diagnosis. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-high-level-causal-reasoning-with-low-level-2pwlr0lt1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-overall-system-architecture-the-components-1t7vb78n.png Fig. 1. The overall system architecture. The components depicted in red signify the important aspects of our approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-presents-the-initial-state-while-b-f-illustrate-the-2qoj59lz.png Fig. 2. (a) presents the initial state, while (b)–(f) illustrate the execution of Plan 2. Colors red and blue are associated with Robots 1 and 2. Circles indicate the positions of the robot end-effectors and circles’ labels denote the time steps. Solid red and blue lines denote the trajectories of robot end-effectors. Brown, magenta and green lines denote Payloads 1–3. For instance, at Step 3, end-effectors of Robots 1 and 2 are located at (3,5) and (8,5) respectively, and robots hold Payload 1. At Step 4, end-effectors of Robots 1 and 2 are located at (6,4) and (10,7), still holding Payload 1. Trajectory of Payload 1 moving from Step 3 to 4 is depicted in brown. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-multiple-biometric-traits-with-an-order-preserving-2j0l33jnru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-outputted-number-of-intervals-c-and-the-running-2qg8kfjj.png Table 1: The outputted number of intervals c and the running time T of Algorithm 1 for different sample sizes N . https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-source-pairs-used-by-good-merging-trees-and-bad-1r93pusf.png Table 7: Source pairs used by good merging trees and bad merging trees. NT : the number of the trees that directly merge the corresponding source pairs. Rk: the rank based on NT . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-multibiometric-databases-n-the-number-of-14krhb79.png Table 2: Summary of multibiometric databases. N+: the number of genuine samples; N−: the number of imposter samples; FaM: face matchers; FiM: fingerprint matchers; SpM: speech matchers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-for-the-nist-face-database-x483b0e7.png Figure 3: Scatter plot for the NIST-face database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-performance-gain-obtained-by-opt-on-the-nist-1syl5b2f.png Figure 8: (a) Performance gain obtained by OPT on the NIST-multimodal database. (b) Performance comparison with other methods on the NIST-multimodal database https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-on-the-xm2vts-database-1l1igggn.png Table 6: Performance on the XM2VTS database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-on-the-nist-face-database-5x9xlslv.png Table 3: Performance on the NIST-face database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-gain-obtained-by-opt-on-the-nist-face-24rh5ym7.png Figure 6: Performance gain obtained by OPT on the NIST-face database. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-relevance-information-in-a-synchronous-253wontr57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-collaborative-relevance-feedback-3c2prsm8.png Figure 6: Comparison of collaborative relevance feedback techniques and baseline division of labour system across all topics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-single-performance-figure-comparison-of-xf8r1338.png Table 3.3: Single performance figure comparison of collaborative relevance feedback techniques and baseline division of labour system across all topics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fischlar-diamondtouch-12h3rddt.png Figure 1: Físchlár-DiamondTouch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measurement-granularity-used-in-experiments-2c6vh8as.png Figure 5: Measurement granularity used in experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combining-relevance-information-the-3-choices-1wtw2pmn.png Figure 2: Combining relevance information, the 3 choices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-simulated-scir-session-28j6fw4e.png Figure 3: A simulated SCIR session https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparisons-of-the-total-amount-of-unique-documents-1a8pn5oy.png Figure 7: Comparisons of the total amount of unique documents across users' ranked lists for SCIR system with collaborative RF and without, across all topics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conceptual-overview-of-two-searchers-searching-32a1zggw.png Figure 4: Conceptual overview of two searchers searching together https://scispace.com/papers/combining-spatial-support-information-and-shape-based-method-2wj8lkwi88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-and-imaginary-permittivity-profiles-29sds9d3.png Figure 3. Real and imaginary permittivity profiles reconstructed at the end of the four iterative schemes. The results are obtained using the synthetic dataset starting with an initial estimate having the permittivity of the background. Only the inner circular part of the tank with a radius of 10 cm is plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exact-positioning-of-the-three-targets-inside-the-3bfytaka.png Figure 2. Exact positioning of the three targets inside the tank in the synthetic configuration. Only the inner circular part of the tank with a radius of 10 cm is plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-cost-functional-along-the-3ufgsepz.png Figure 7. Evolution of the cost functional along the iterations. (a) The four schemes are compared. (b) The combination of the level-set function formalism and the Zernike polynomials representation is performed for various order of the Zernike polynomials. The dataset corresponds to the measured scattered field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-real-and-imaginary-permittivity-profiles-107p3k1a.png Figure 6. Real and imaginary permittivity profiles reconstructed at the end of the level-set function represented with Zernike polynomials. Several orders of Zernike polynomials are used to limit the number of unknown coefficients blm. The results are obtained using the experimental dataset, with an initial estimate having the permittivity of the background. Only the inner circular part of the tank with a radius 10 cm is plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-and-cross-section-of-the-microwave-scanner-125qzfib.png Figure 1. Picture and cross-section of the microwave scanner measurement set-up presently developed at Institut Fresnel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-amplitude-and-b-phase-of-the-measured-scattered-1d7fj4bd.png Figure 4. (a) Amplitude and (b) phase of the measured scattered field for each pair of emitter and receiver, when two tubes filled with a mixture of ethanol and water are positioned inside the water tank. The points which are too close from the emitting antenna are excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-and-imaginary-permittivity-profiles-1ktwu9b7.png Figure 5. Real and imaginary permittivity profiles reconstructed at the end of the four iterative schemes. The results are obtained using the experimental dataset, with an initial estimate having the permittivity of the background. Only the inner circular part of the tank with a radius of 10 cm is plotted. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-structural-and-bioactivity-based-fingerprints-3oizylkh2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-metrics-for-the-24-test-assays-comparing-2la0m6de.png Fig. 2 Performance metrics for the 24 test assays comparing the hybrid fingerprint (BaSH) with the HTSFP and the ECFP4, green, orange, and blue respectively. Top: ROC-AUC, Middle: Matthews correlation coefficient, Bottom: enrichment factor. The errors bars in black represent one standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-pubchem-assays-corresponding-to-the-five-highest-1i88f2m8.png Table 2 The PubChem assays corresponding to the five highest importance features as seen in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-24-test-assays-used-in-the-1eftqbbn.png Table 1 Overview of the 24 test assays used in the validation set https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-test-assays-used-in-hyperparameter-1nb6du92.png Table 3 Overview of test assays used in hyperparameter search https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-receiver-operator-characteristic-roc-curves-comparing-1lri5egn.png Fig. 1 Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves comparing the hybrid fingerprint (BaSH) with the HTSFP and ECFP4, green, orange, and blue respectively. The shaded area either side of the ROC curve represents one standard deviation. Shown are 8 of the 24 validation set assays with the most diverse results https://scispace.com/papers/combining-speech-user-interfaces-of-different-applications-45kzy8y7tg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-10-information-state-used-in-trindkit-source-1yd1xfef.png Figure 3-10 Information state used in TRINDKIT Source: Larsson et al. [2001] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-extraction-of-essential-transaction-specification-1npnz058.png Figure 7-1 Extraction of essential transaction specification from an application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-6-combination-process-of-the-combination-tool-pdzkgne1.png Figure 7-6 Combination process of the combination tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-simplified-architecture-of-a-spoken-dialog-system-2s4na1u7.png Figure 2-1 Simplified architecture of a spoken dialog system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-structure-of-state-based-dialog-model-1lwhz9y2.png Figure 3-2 Structure of state-based dialog model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-task-tree-specification-source-bohus-and-rudnicky-2l5w6oq4.png Figure 4-1 Task tree specification Source: Bohus and Rudnicky [2003] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-a-example-sequence-diagram-source-oneil-and-1cea97ho.png Figure 3-9 A example sequence diagram Source: O’Neil and McTear [2000] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-spoken-dialog-system-components-hierarchy-source-wn0gb4yz.png Figure 3-8 Spoken dialog system components hierarchy Source: O’Neil and McTear [2000] https://scispace.com/papers/comment-on-dust-provenance-in-antarctic-ice-during-glacial-41c6zdjzpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strontium-and-neodymium-isotopic-composition-of-1uuux73y.png Figure 1. Strontium and Neodymium isotopic composition of East Antarctic eaolian dust from glacial [Basile et al., 1997; Delmonte et al., 2004a, 2004b] and from interglacial (Holocene and MIS 5.5) [Delmonte et al., 2007] stages. Antarctic ice core dust is compared to Patagonian sediments (<5 mm) [Gaiero et al., 2007; Delmonte et al., 2004a], to loess samples from Central Argentina (<5 mm) [Delmonte et al., 2004a] and to Pampean loess samples (31–36 S) [Gaiero et al., 2007]. For these latter, both the <63 mm value and the relative value for the <5 mm size fraction (calculated taking into account the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic shift of 0.0028 units suggested by Gaiero et al. [2007]) are reported. The boxes roughly define isotopic fields for Baradero and El Lambedero areas taken from Smith et al. [2003]. The average value for P.A.P. ignimbrites [Gaiero et al., 2007, and references therein] and the isotopic composition of aeolian dust from the P.A.P. [Delmonte et al., 2004a] are also reported. These two values show the lowest eNd(0) values and lie very close to the interglacial dust isotopic field. Bibliographic data (data source:http://georoc.mpchmainz.gwdg.de/georoc/Entry.html) from different source rocks located at high-elevation sites within the Central Volcanic Zone between 21 S and 23 S (corrected for 87Sr/86Sr size fractionation of a factor 0.0028 as suggested by Gaiero et al. [2007]) are also reported for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/comment-on-inference-with-minimal-gibbs-free-energy-in-vd13n6whdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-posterior-p-x-d-full-curves-compared-with-gaussian-mv23zlt5.png FIG. 1. The posterior P (x|d) (full curves) compared with Gaussian approximations (2) based on MMSE (dashed), MAP (dashdotted), and MDI (dotted) for (a) symmetric and (b) asymmetric posteriors. In (a) P (x|d) ∼ 1 https://scispace.com/papers/comment-on-particle-diffusion-in-a-quasi-two-dimensional-4zc6c4xpen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-minimal-model-for-bacterial-bath-with-passive-beads-19xigda0.png FIG. 1. Minimal model for bacterial bath with passive beads with y0 0.3, r0 1.0, rb 0.13, rB 0.38 (for other details, see [3]). (a) Short-time (30 time steps) trajectories of bacteria (thin lines) and beads (thick lines) for r , r in a system of size 32 3 32; (b) mean square displacement r2 vs time for bacteria (solid lines) and beads (dashed lines) for r 2, 3, 3.5 , r 4.2; (c) r variation of tc ( ) and c ( ) and diffusion constant D limt!`d r 2 dt ( ); (d) superdiffusion at r r with exponent a 1.65 15 . https://scispace.com/papers/comment-se-forment-les-publics-d-une-carte-de-crimes-5g7oa16m2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-des-homicides-et-des-commentaires-sur-the-7liqkva1.png Fig. 3 – Distribution des homicides et des commentaires sur « The Homicide Report » (2010-2016) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diagramme-en-radar-de-la-participation-des-1f1qjfy8.png Fig. 7 – Diagramme en radar de la participation des contributeurs ponctuels selon que la police ait été ou non impliquée dans l’homicide https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trois-facons-de-faire-public-autour-doccurrences-2egyjkef.png Fig. 2 – Trois façons de faire public autour d’occurrences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-du-nombre-de-commentaires-recus-par-12mx9jpk.png Fig. 5 – Distribution du nombre de commentaires reçus par homicides https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diagramme-en-radar-de-la-participation-des-1iet1s8v.png Fig. 8 –Diagramme en radar de la participation des contributeurs ponctuels selon qu’il y ait ou non interaction avec des contributeurs actifs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-une-occurrence-parmi-tant-dautres-le-meurtre-de-donald-mk48ibbv.png Fig. 1 – Une occurrence parmi tant d’autres : le meurtre de Donald Kelly (Source : http://homicide.latimes.com/) https://scispace.com/papers/comment-on-precision-global-measurements-of-london-1ozcz4sdw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-superfluid-density-3h6c2ixp.png FIG. 1. Temperature dependence of the superfluid density deduced from TDO in Ref. 2 (closed circles) and Ref. 1 (open circles) together with the one deduced fromHc1 measurements in Ref. 4 (open squares) and muon spin rotation (μSR) data in Ref. 9 (open crosses). The solid line is a 1− t2 dependence (with t = T/Tc), and the shaded area corresponds to the ρs values expected from the specific heat jump at Tc (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/comments-on-actuator-fault-accommodation-4v8vnb97xw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolution-of-the-iterative-state-feedback-gain-fi-1oz6en99.png Table 1. Evolution of the iterative state feedback gain Fi such as ui = −Fix for i = 1, ..., n https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-the-divergence-of-the-linear-25rjbeds.png Fig. 8. Illustration of the divergence of the linear progressive accommodation given an initial condition x(0) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-the-linear-progressive-accommodation-226nydt3.png Fig. 7. Illustration of the linear progressive accommodation on the example (12) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-illustration-of-a-the-nonlinear-accommodation-b-the-5v6346zd.png Fig. 9. Illustration of (a) the nonlinear accommodation, (b) the nonlinear progressive accommodation on the example (12) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-description-of-the-fault-tolerant-control-strategy-35kinuiq.png Fig. 1. Description of the fault tolerant control strategy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-in-the-interval-tftc-t-of-the-closed-loop-6owq0f8c.png Fig. 4. Evolution in the interval [tftc, t[ of the closed loop system with a fault tolerant control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-in-the-interval-tftc-t-of-the-closed-loop-38clwk9k.png Fig. 5. Evolution in the interval [tftc, t[ of the closed loop system for a non accommodated fault https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-in-the-interval-tf-tftc-of-the-closed-loop-3inlw06z.png Fig. 3. Evolution in the interval [tf , tftc[ of the closed loop system under an actuator fault https://scispace.com/papers/commit-aware-mutation-testing-2ej1oe4nso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-java-test-subjects-2o1jdxxp.png TABLE II JAVA TEST SUBJECTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-c-test-subjects-34rtzo4d.png TABLE I C TEST SUBJECTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mutant-is-relevant-if-it-impacts-the-behaviour-of-llkd6894.png Fig. 1. A mutant is relevant if it impacts the behaviour of the committed code and the committed code impacts the behaviour of the mutant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-mutation-score-and-relevant-7y0sd1oj.png Fig. 4. The relationship between Mutation Score and Relevant Mutation Score. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distribution-of-killable-non-relevant-relevant-kxfvlnps.png Fig. 3. The distribution of killable, non-relevant, relevant outside the modification and relevant on the modification mutants among the studied commits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a12-rms-when-aiming-at-relevant-random-and-3fa7zvku.png TABLE III Â12 . RMS WHEN AIMING AT RELEVANT, RANDOM AND MODIFICATION RELATED MUTANTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-relevant-and-non-relevant-mutants-mutant-1-3rp1ca91.png Fig. 2. Example of relevant and non-relevant mutants. Mutant 1 is relevant to the committed changes. Mutants 2 and 3 are not relevant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-correlation-between-mutation-score-and-relevant-18va3ovx.png Fig. 5. Correlation between Mutation Score and Relevant Mutation Score for different test suite sizes on different languages. https://scispace.com/papers/communal-nesting-in-the-garden-dormouse-eliomys-quercinus-5gplgi602z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seasonal-number-of-singular-and-communal-litters-of-1fjoi3ex.png Figure 2. Seasonal number of singular and communal litters of garden dormouse https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-garden-dormouse-communal-nests-according-3m6d4wb3.png Table 1. Number of garden dormouse communal nests according to the number of adults and number of litters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-variation-in-the-number-of-singular-and-3ipo8j03.png Figure 1. Annual variation in the number of singular and communal litters of garden dormouse https://scispace.com/papers/communicating-content-development-and-evaluation-of-icons-j89dm1g1s6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b11-visual-homonymy-1qinke6d.png Table B11. Visual homonymy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-iconic-representation-through-visual-homonymy-1s90bjfr.png Figure 5. Iconic Representation through visual homonymy example for the keywords element https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-thematic-categories-2z2zlg2o.png Table 2. Major thematic categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-percentage-of-designer-generated-visual-1f6ts74v.png Table 8. Percentage of designer-generated (Visual Communication designers and Human Computer Interaction scientists) icons by element and category https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-percentage-of-user-generated-icons-by-element-and-34bgx6q1.png Table 9. Percentage of user-generated icons by element and category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-abstract-and-deictic-representations-example-for-rls2wrm5.png Figure 7. Abstract and deictic representations example for the Conclusion element https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shapes-and-lines-in-ambiguous-interpretations-lyxykkrn.png Table 4. Shapes and lines in ambiguous interpretations https://scispace.com/figures/table-b13-punctuation-nrrmmdrm.png Table B13. Punctuation https://scispace.com/papers/communicating-intimacy-one-bit-at-a-time-59o8qwrjx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-physical-minimal-intimate-objects-1f2rbjvd.png Figure 2: Physical Minimal Intimate Objects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-virtual-intimate-object-vio-in-taskbar-2v99bvgg.png Figure 1: Virtual Intimate Object (VIO) in taskbar, https://scispace.com/papers/communicating-quality-a-unified-model-of-disclosure-and-3fe59cwaqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pricing-under-signaling-and-under-full-information-3tfsha7m.png Figure 1: Pricing Under Signaling and Under Full Information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-payoff-relationships-with-voluntary-disclosure-222rcsj8.png Figure 3: Payoff Relationships with Voluntary Disclosure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pricing-with-an-intermediate-disclosure-cost-26d4sbpb.png Figure 2: Pricing with an Intermediate Disclosure Cost https://scispace.com/papers/communicating-supranational-governance-the-salience-of-eu-1p1zabw7hw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quarterly-averages-of-eu-references-per-partisan-10cr6rsq.png Figure 2. Quarterly averages of EU references per partisan plenary statement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-averages-of-eu-references-per-plenary-gy2qhhlo.png Figure 1. Monthly averages of EU references per plenary statement in the German Bundestag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multivariate-regression-results-vra3kzk6.png Figure 3. Multivariate regression results. https://scispace.com/papers/communication-and-process-simulation-of-set-based-design-for-1m7f5hs8ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-finite-state-machine-model-for-gc-3v0wu7ip.png Figure 7: Finite state machine model for GC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-structural-engineer-web-page-view-279377z8.png Figure 8: Structural engineer web page view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-general-contractor-web-page-view-g8iga63r.png Figure 10: General contractor web page view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rebar-fabricator-web-page-view-2zv0u46b.png Figure 9: Rebar fabricator web page view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-state-point-based-design-39neo6il.png Figure 1: Current state (point-based design) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-future-state-set-based-design-ua1benmy.png Figure 2: Future state (set-based design) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-design-solution-33s7nfrn.png Figure 13: Design solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-reinforcing-requirements-1au7gz83.png Figure 11: Reinforcing requirements https://scispace.com/papers/communication-skills-training-in-undergraduate-nursing-23hy1di164 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subjects-and-credits-on-communication-skills-by-28na3h0k.png Table 1. Subjects and credits on communication skills by contents by course, type of teaching (exclusive or combined) and type of subject (compulsory or optional). https://scispace.com/papers/community-acquired-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-24rnr8cn20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-magnetic-resonance-imaging-of-cervical-spine-t1-1ey58uon.png Figure 2: Magnetic resonance imaging of cervical spine T1 contrast sagital view showing meningeal enhanc ement (straight arrows) and abscess in the paraspinal muscle (curved arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnetic-resonance-imaging-of-the-cervical-spine-t2-19uko1zg.png Figure 1: Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine T2 sagital view showing hyper intense signal changes in the cervical cord (straight arrow), second thoracic vertebra (curved arrow) and *paraspinal muscle https://scispace.com/papers/community-midwifery-model-s-effect-on-availability-4v1uabq2nh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-health-facilities-to-which-community-2jogwur7.png Fig. 1 Map showing health facilities to which community midwives are linked in Busia County. *(Authors’ own; generated using QGIS software) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-kruskal-wallis-one-way-anova-test-of-differences-in-37e24212.png Table 6 Kruskal – Wallis/One-way ANOVA test of differences in maternal and newborn health outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-of-differences-in-proportions-of-clients-served-qu9cmxlj.png Table 5 Test of differences in proportions of clients served by community midwives over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pairwise-comparison-of-means-for-mnh-service-1zubz6km.png Table 4 Pairwise comparison of means for MNH service utilization between groups/periods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maternal-and-newborn-health-service-utilization-by-3hshj98o.png Fig. 3 Maternal and newborn health service utilization by period and type of provider https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-support-package-provided-to-community-midwives-14wolwic.png Table 1 Support package provided to community midwives https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pairwise-mean-comparison-test-of-differences-in-mnh-9h58klxz.png Table 7 Pairwise mean comparison test of differences in MNH outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-pre-and-during-post-community-midwifery-model-3drz0cpz.png Table 8 Pre and during/post community midwifery model intervention MNH outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/compact-leaky-wave-siw-antenna-with-broadside-radiation-and-1h15wd93t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-and-measured-solid-line-beam-patterns-at-23-1i76m688.png Fig. 5. Simulated and measured (solid line) beam patterns at 23.1 GHz a) and at 24.8 GHz b) in the x-z plane and in the free-space and under solar panel as defined in Fig. 2. Results demonstrate a broadside beam with crosspolarizations well below 15 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-antenna-dimensions-all-values-in-millimeters-see-fig-22wgctec.png TABLE I ANTENNA DIMENSIONS (ALL VALUES IN MILLIMETERS, SEE FIG. 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-and-measured-s11-of-the-proposed-siw-lwa-in-17l1zn2j.png Fig. 3. Simulated and measured |S11| of the proposed SIW-LWA in freespace and with the solar panel on top (simulated), see Fig 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fabricated-lwa-using-rogers-rt5880-with-a-relative-171x0pbe.png Fig. 2. Fabricated LWA using Rogers RT5880 with a relative dielectric constant of εr = 2.33 and thickness h = 0.25 mm with tan δ = 0.0009. The antenna dimensions can be found in Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/company-stock-market-rationality-and-legal-reform-4imfn9b1tk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-degree-of-agreement-with-the-potential-advantages-of-336p7xly.png TABLE 3 Degree of Agreement with the Potential Advantages of and Drawback to Making Employer Contributions in Company Stock https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-risk-assessment-of-company-stock-22be8tn1.png TABLE 2 Participant Risk Assessment of Company Stock, Volatility and Past Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-allocation-of-plan-assets-to-company-stock-2bi8h9c1.png TABLE 1 The Allocation of Plan Assets to Company Stock https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logit-regressions-of-whether-the-employers-match-is-3r2s1dmz.png TABLE 4 Logit Regressions of whether the Employer’s Match is Provided in Company Stock https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-analysis-of-high-voltage-gain-dc-dc-converter-2qmfcrfgn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-active-network-based-dc-dc-converter-90-b-sl-based-y6ee7sxs.png Fig. 9. (a) Active-network based DC-DC converter [90] (b) SL based ANC [92] (c) SL and SC based ANC [92]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-active-clamp-coupled-inductor-based-converter-131-27dzner4.png Fig. 16. Active clamp coupled-inductor-based converter [131]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-modification-techniques-used-in-the-boost-based-dc-33v3l77a.png TABLE VI MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES USED IN THE BOOST-BASED DC-DC CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-conventional-interleaved-boost-converter-136-33kxrf7o.png Fig. 23. Conventional interleaved boost converter [136] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-active-clamp-coupled-inductor-based-converter-132-2ni1kw2b.png Fig. 17. Active clamp-coupled inductor-based converter [132] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-categorization-of-topologies-3e39eh41.png TABLE II CATEGORIZATION OF TOPOLOGIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-plot-for-m-verses-d-and-b-plot-for-e-verses-d-of-the-3o4j5zxu.png Fig. 3. (a) Plot for M verses D, and (b) plot for η verses D of the conventional boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-boost-derived-miesc-sc-cell-converter-91-b-buck-1ikdm388.png Fig. 14. (a) boost derived MIESC SC-cell converter [91] (b) buck–boost derived MIESC SC-cell converter [91] https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-analysis-of-generalized-sidelobe-cancellation-4oahdr3iha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-dereverberation-only-b-dereverberation-plus-4qeyqkuh.png Fig. 7: (a) dereverberation-only/(b) dereverberation-plus-noisereduction performance in terms of SRR fwseg/SNRR fwseg versus the signal-to-coherent-noise ratio SNR cohy of the MF, the MCLP and the GSC framework, respectively denoted by [ ], [ ], and [ ]. The shaded areas represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dereverberation-noise-reduction-performance-srr-snr-1q1j3b2h.png Fig. 6: Dereverberation/noise reduction performance ∆SRR/∆SNR tot versus (a)/(e) the signal-to-coherent-noise ratio SNR cohq , (b)/(f) the signal-to-incoherent-noise ratio SNR incq , (c)/(g) the relative filter length L rel w and (d)/(h) the number of microphones M for colored and white source signals of the MCLP framework, respectively denoted by [ ] and [ ], and the GSC framework, respectively denoted by [ ] and [ ]. The vertical grid lines indicate the intersection point of the individual subplots. The shaded areas represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/comparaison-des-relations-trophiques-de-ruditapes-2b2s5ss79h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-de-la-croissance-potentielle-1-10-g-sur-les-2sc5jy9o.png FIG. 6. Simulation de la croissance potentielle (1/10 g) sur les sites de Nole (0) et de Lilleau (+) : 1) en fonction du poids initial (1/10 g) pour les classes 1 (1) et 2 (2); 2) en fonction du temps d'immersion (hJd) pour les classes 1 (3) et 2 (4). Pour un même poids initial ou un même temps d'immersion, le site de Lilleau présente toujours une croissance supérieure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-de-la-croissance-potentielle-1-10-g-du-site-3coavu11.png FIG. 7. Simulation de la croissance potentielle (1/10 g) du site de Lil FIG. 8. Simulation de la croissance potentielle (1/10 g) du site de Nole leau avec modification de l'axe 1 (+) et observations (0). La diffé avec modification de l'axe 2 ( +), 3 (0), 7 (6), du site de Lilleau et rence de sensibilité des sites vaseux et sableux à l'axel (sédiment) observations (0). s'explique par l'effet inhibiteur lié à la remise en suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-des-descripteurs-et-observations-sur-les-3etobv0e.png FIG. 2. Projection des descripteurs et observations sur les axes l, 2, 3, 5 et 7 de l'Analyse en composantes principales (seuls les points bien représentés sont projetés). (1) à (3) : Corrélations entre les descripteurs et les axes. G : Taux de croissance en variable iIIustrative projetée. Hydrologie: HPRO = protéines, HLIP = lipides, HCAR = carbohydrates, HPIM = seston minéral, HPOM = seston organique, HCHL = chlorophylle a, HPHE = phéopigments, TEMP = température, H02P = pourcentage de saturation en oxygène. Sédiment: SPOM = matière organique, SCHL = chlorophylle a, SPHE = phéopigments, SPRO = protéines, SLIP = lipides, SCAR = carbohydrates. (4) à (8) : Projections des observations. Pour les axes 3, 4, 5 et 7, chaque site est représenté séparément. Première classe sur le site de Nole: AVR5 = avril, MAI5 = mai, JUN5 = juin, Jul5 = début Juillet, JUL5 = fin juillet, AOU5 = août, SEP5 = septembre, OCT5 = octobre 1985. Deuxième classe sur le site de Nole: DEC5 = décembre 1985, JAN6 = janvier, Fev6= début février, FEV6 = fin février, Mar6 = début mars, MAR6 = fin mars, Avr6 = début avril, AVR6 = fin avril, Mai6 = début mai, MAI6 = fin mai, JUN6 = juin, JUL6 = juillet 1986. Première classe sur le site de Lilleau : AVR5 = avril, MAI5 = mai, JUN5 = juin, JUL5 = juillet, Aou5 = début août, AOU5 = fin août, SEP5 = septembre, Oct5 = début octobre, OCT5 = fin octobre 1985. Deuxième classe sur le site de Lilleau : NOV5 = novembre, DEC5 = décembre 1985, JAN6 = janvier, Fev6 = début février, FEV6 = fin février, Mar6 = début mars, MAR6 = fin mars, Avr6 = début avril, AVR6 = fin avril, MAI6 = mai, JUN6 = juin, JUL6 = juillet 1986. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modele-de-croissance-fonction-des-axes-principaux-de-l-9h60umw5.png FIG. 4. Modèle de croissance fonction des axes principaux de l'ACP (ligne continue) et observations (D) pour les deux classes sur le site de Lilleau (1) et le site de Nole (2). Les axes 1,2,3,4,5 et 7 ont été sélectionnés d'après leur contribution à l'explication du taux de croissance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analyse-en-composantes-principales-1-a-3-evolution-des-zc6ifkr7.png FIG. 3. Analyse en composantes principales. (1) à (3) : évolution des axes 2, 3 et 7 en fonction du temps. Les particularités des sites de Nole (D) et de Lilleau (+) pour la première période de croissance (mafS-{)ctobre) sont analysées: axe 2, différence systématique des teneurs en PIM et POM sur les deux sites; axe 3, floraisons phyto planctoniques comparables au printemps sur les deux sites et absente en automne sur le site de Nole (valeurs négatives des coordonnées); axe 7, opposition des teneurs en protéines faibles sur Nole et fortes sur Lilleau, aux périodes de floraisons phytoplanctoniques printanière et automnale. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-studies-on-decentralized-multiloop-pid-20y72xy5cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-in-process-variables-for-or-mimo-process-260l2jfn.png Figure 8. Variation in process variables for OR MIMO process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-consistency-of-the-eas-for-multi-loop-pid-18jok0nc.png TABLE III. CONSISTENCY OF THE EAS FOR MULTI-LOOP PID CONTROLLER DESIGN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-variation-in-process-variables-for-or-mimo-process-2bzjgc0s.png Figure 9. Variation in process variables for OR MIMO process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tuned-controller-parameters-for-the-second-loop-sg1u1ik5.png TABLE II. TUNED CONTROLLER PARAMETERS FOR THE SECOND LOOP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-in-process-variables-for-vl-mimo-process-2tnib9je.png Figure 4. Variation in process variables for VL MIMO process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-in-manipulated-variables-for-vl-mimo-3hqgvdlz.png Figure 5. Variation in manipulated variables for VL MIMO process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tuned-controller-parameters-for-the-first-loop-3n9gzyea.png TABLE I. TUNED CONTROLLER PARAMETERS FOR THE FIRST LOOP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-in-process-variables-for-ww-mimo-process-2e90vxlx.png Figure 6. Variation in process variables for WW MIMO process. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-study-of-infliximab-versus-adalimumab-in-2lvmccx68d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-baseline-features-and-follow-up-of-a-series-of-1952627s.png TABLE 1. Main baseline features and follow-up of a series of 177 patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet’s disease undergoing infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADA) therapy. IFX group https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-study-on-predicting-particulate-matter-pm2-5-3t0c3i2iyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-y23jtaec.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-248yeaan.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2sjlgdil.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-study-to-evaluate-the-drying-kinetics-of-boreal-4n8q9vaar2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-samples-under-study-a-sample-1-b-sample-2-s-sample-3ogkkw2k.png Figure 1. Samples under study: a – sample 1, b – sample 2, с – sample 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transformation-degree-dependence-of-the-effective-8ndzmmh8.png Figure 5. Transformation-degree dependence of the effective heat of water evaporation for drying https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-botanical-composition-and-decomposition-degree-of-1eus5j7l.png Table 1. Botanical composition and decomposition degree of peat samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-relative-masses-for-three-various-rf0s08vi.png Figure 3. Comparison of relative masses for three various peat samples at the three heating rates 10 (a), 20 (b) and 30 (c) K/min https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-solid-lines-and-calculated-dash-lines-3rijxeor.png Figure 4. Experimental (solid lines) and calculated (dash lines) relative mass decrease of peat samples versus time obtained at the drying temperatures of 323 (1), 353 (2) and 373 (3) К: a – sample 1, b – 2, c – 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermo-kinetic-constants-for-the-drying-process-of-3s60pbkq.png Table 2. Thermo Kinetic Constants for the drying process of three peat samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-mass-left-in-the-sample-relative-2zinj5gy.png Figure 2. Comparison of the mass left in the sample (relative to the initial mass) as a function of time for the three peat samples at the drying temperatures of 323 K (a), 353 K (b) and 373 K (c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-experimental-solid-lines-and-2lfsogvf.png Figure 6. Comparison of experimental (solid lines) and calculated (dash lines) relative mass decrease of sample 2: a - for isothermal conditions (338 (1) and 363 (2) K) and b – for dynamic conditions (15 K/min (1) and 25 K/min (2)) https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-transcriptome-analysis-reveals-higher-expression-1xtdvik54y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-preliminary-analysis-of-differentially-expressed-genes-3tslogh3.png Fig 3. Preliminary analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in normal and dwarf RILs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-significantly-up-or-down-regulated-oi04blw8.png Fig 4. Distribution of significantly up- or down-regulated genes clustered under KEGG pathways at level 3. Only the pathways with ≥5 enzymes or >6 HGEDs are shown in the figure. Full list of KEGG pathways is provided in the supplementary table S2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-significantly-differentially-expressed-1bt3gr6l.png Table 2 Number of significantly differentially expressed genes in normal and dwarf Soybean RILs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significantly-up-and-down-regulated-genes-associated-1d4la2ij.png Table 3 Significantly up and down regulated genes associated with various growth and defense genes. Up regulation is represented by positive Log2foldchange values whereas down regulation by negative Log2foldchange values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-total-rna-seq-data-from-soybean-f5-rils-1q9ina6c.png Table 1. Summary of total RNA-seq data from soybean F5 RILs. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-theoretical-analysis-of-continuous-wave-laser-21rfihcqvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maximum-cutting-speeds-and-mean-absorbed-intensities-3pjfgbso.png Fig. 4 Maximum cutting speeds and mean absorbed intensities for the 5-mm-thick workpiece. a Maximum cutting speed as function of the focal position for a 5 mm thick workpiece. Magenta dashed curves CO2-laser, blue solid curve disk laser, circles basic model, squares extended model. The ex-perimental values from [1] for the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maximum-cutting-speeds-and-mean-absorbed-intensities-1twvp7t3.png Fig. 5 Maximum cutting speeds and mean absorbed intensities for the 8-mm-thick workpiece. a Maximum cutting speed as function of the focal position for a 8 mm thick workpiece. Magenta dashed curve CO2-laser, blue solid curve disk laser, circles basic model, squares extended model. The experimental values from [1] for the CO2-laser https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sample-position-and-the-beam-propagation-in-the-8pfp7ibm.png Fig. 1 The sample position and the beam propagation in the material coordinate system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-material-and-laser-coordinate-systems-m61nke2f.png Fig. 3 Material and laser coordinate systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometric-parameters-at-the-cutting-front-angle-of-352oz3z5.png Fig. 2 Geometric parameters at the cutting front. Angle of incidence h ¼ a þ u https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-heat-conduction-losses-for-the-5-and-8-mm-thick-1a0wl796.png Fig. 7 Heat conduction losses for the 5- and 8-mm-thick workpieces. a Heat conduction losses as function of the focal position for a 5 mm thick workpiece. Magenta dashed curves CO2-laser, blue solid curve disk laser. b The conductive losses relative to the absorbed intensities as function of the focal position for a 5 mm thick workpiece. Magenta dashed curve CO2-laser, blue solid curve disk laser. c Heat conduction losses as function of the focal position for a 8 mm thick workpiece. Magenta dashed curves CO2-laser, blue solid curve disk laser. d The conductive losses relative to the absorbed intensities as function of the focal position for a 8 mm thick workpiece. Magenta dashed curve CO2-laser, blue solid curve disk laser https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-projected-longitudinal-extension-of-the-cutting-3nmc1i3i.png Table 3 Projected longitudinal extension of the cutting profile for a focal position f/d = -0.33 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-beam-parameters-of-the-co2-and-the-disk-1p0s73uz.png Table 1 Measured beam parameters of the CO2 and the disk laser taken from reference [1]. The fitted values represent the best approximation of a Super-Gaussian beam to the experimental data https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-visualization-of-deep-water-asteroid-impacts-on-38mzo4vde6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multiple-simulations-of-the-same-asteroid-same-11io2vkj.png Figure 2: Multiple simulations of the same asteroid (same airburst, size and angle of entry) impacting the Earth in different locations. From left to right: Pacific ocean, Caribbean sea, Indian ocean, South Atlantic ocean. https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-decoding-methods-for-quaternary-linear-codes-193ktlmlar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-for-decoding-using-the-z4-linear-hadamard-code-ty8a7elr.png Fig. 1. Time for decoding using the Z4-linear Hadamard code H0,3. https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-decomposition-based-and-automatically-component-2t3wcvwsy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplots-of-the-relative-hypervolume-achieved-by-moea-23uenwdn.png Fig. 1. Boxplots of the relative hypervolume achieved by MOEA/DDRA-DE using default or tuned parameter settings on selected 3-objective 40-variable WFG problems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-space-for-tuning-all-moea-d-algorithms-3biyz463.png Table 2. Parameter space for tuning all MOEA/D algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boxplots-of-the-relative-hypervolume-achieved-by-all-1dvsposd.png Fig. 4. Boxplots of the relative hypervolume achieved by all algorithms on WFG problems with 40 variables and 5 objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-boxplots-of-the-relative-hypervolume-achieved-by-all-1v1rt53s.png Fig. 3. Boxplots of the relative hypervolume achieved by all algorithms on WFG problems with 40 variables and 3 objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rank-sum-analysis-depicting-overall-performance-on-2ztrtc9p.png Table 3. Rank sum analysis depicting overall performance on all scenarios. The best ranked algorithms are shown on top. Algorithms in boldface present rank sums not significantly worse than the best ranked algorithm. Algorithms within the same block are not significantly different, in terms of ranking, to the first algorithm of the same block. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-components-of-the-automoeas-used-in-this-395j61o9.png Table 1. Algorithm components of the AutoMOEAs used in this work. From top to bottom, AutoMOEAD3, AutoMOEAD5, AutoMOEAW3, and AutoMOEAW5. https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-direct-and-indirect-interaction-in-stroke-2d98p6w8bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-patient-playing-the-game-in-idi-top-and-di-left-1sftiizt.png Figure 1. A patient playing the game in IDI (top) and DI (left) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-of-di-and-idi-scores-with-fma-and-bbt-3mpwo327.png Figure 4. Correlation of DI and IDI scores with FMA and BBT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-di-vs-idi-scores-in-fruit-ninja-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-3fhjpjai.png Figure 3. DI vs. IDI scores in Fruit Ninja 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-indirect-top-and-direct-bottom-interaction-setups-2bm0bxps.png Figure 2. Indirect (top) and direct (bottom) interaction setups https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-methods-for-analysing-time-scale-dependent-2tsd39ce0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-the-different-estimation-methods-for-2cy8oz6c.png Figure 5: Performance of the different estimation methods for a white noise signal (𝜷𝑺 = 𝟎) with white noise 2 component (𝜷𝜺 = 𝟎). Top row: True correlation (grey, black) and estimated correlation (colours) as a function of 3 time scale. Middle row: Standard deviation of the estimators. Bottom row: Bias of the estimators relative to the 4 filter-specific true correlation. Vertical dashed lines mark the time scale corresponding to the mean sampling 5 interval. As the spectrum of the white noise signal and noise is constant, the true correlation is time scale 6 independent. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-irregular-and-non-simultaneous-sampling-1w121su2.png Figure 6: Effect of irregular and non-simultaneous sampling on the correlation estimates. Correlations are 2 estimated by applying a Gaussian filter on regularly (top), irregularly but simultaneously (mid), and irregularly 3 but non-simultaneously (bottom) sampled time series as a superposition of a red signal and white noise (left), and 4 white noise signal and white noise (right). The vertical dashed lines mark the time scale corresponding to the mean 5 sampling interval. The simultaneous, irregular sampling is affected by a shift of the correlation estimates toward 6 longer time scales, which is not visible in case of the white signal and noise (right). Sampling that is irregular but 7 non-simultaneous will underestimate the correlation. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characteristics-of-the-filters-used-in-this-study-35ujxooz.png Figure 2: Characteristics of the filters used in this study. Upper panel: Filter weights in the time domain. Lower 2 panel: Squared transfer function in the frequency domain with marked cut-off frequency (dashed line). The low-3 pass filter is characterized by a sharp cut-off in the frequency domain, the moving average by its short length in 4 the time domain. The Gaussian filter has the same simple shape in the time and the frequency domain. These 5 examples are for a time scale of 200y. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-filter-artefacts-related-to-different-time-scales-2akq3cbx.png Figure 7: Filter artefacts related to different time scales caused by filtering an irregularly sampled time 2 series. Short time scales (top) are affected by gaps (moving average filter) for filter lengths shorter than the inter-3 observation time steps. They also tend to overshoot when there are fewer observations covered by positive and 4 negative filter weights (low-pass). The analysis of longer time scales (bottom) minimizes the occurrence of 5 artefacts due to a higher number of observations covered by the filter windows. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-sampling-irregularity-the-sampling-1tubjomb.png Figure 3: Examples of sampling irregularity. The sampling times of two typical marine sediment cores KY07-2 04-01 (Kubota et al., 2010) and ODP 984 (Came et al., 2007) are shown in the upper two rows. The lower two 3 rows show examples of surrogate sampling times generated using gamma-distributed inter-observation time steps 4 as described in the Method section. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-scale-dependent-correlation-of-an-irregularly-3ppn5l7o.png Figure 1: Time scale dependent correlation of an irregularly sampled time series pair (A) and spectrum of 2 the signal and white noise (B). The time series 1 and 2 (red and black) contain the same signal, generated as red 3 noise with 𝛽_ = 1 and independent white noise components. Both time series are filtered with three cut-off 4 frequencies 𝑓+ and the resulting time series are shown (A). The time series containing most frequencies (𝑓+ = 1/10y) 5 is basically uncorrelated while slow variations are positively correlated as seen after filtering with 𝑓+ = 1/2000y. 6 This can be also understood in the spectral domain (B). The power spectral density of the signal (solid black line) 7 increases towards lower frequencies whereas the power spectral density of the noise (dashed black line) is constant. 8 For high cut-off frequencies such as 𝑓+ = 1/10y the variance of the noise is higher than the variance of the signal 9 as given by the integrated spectra of the signal and the noise up to 𝑓+ (area between axes, 𝑓+ and the power spectral 10 density). For decreased 𝑓+ the integrated spectrum of the signal becomes more dominant relative to the noise. The 11 higher amount of the signal compared to the noise component results in higher correlations for time series filtered 12 with lower 𝑓+. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-filtering-results-and-time-scale-dependent-u6lhcla2.png Figure 8: Filtering results and time scale dependent correlation for two marine sediment temperature proxy 2 records. The upper panel shows the raw and filtered data of both time series using a cut-off frequency of 1/200 3 and 1/800 𝑦(). The lower panel shows the time scale dependent correlation (black line) as well as the 90% (grey 4 polygon) and 95% (light grey polygon) quantiles of the null hypothesis of noise with 𝛽 = 1. The vertical dashed 5 line marks the time scale corresponding to the maximum mean sampling interval of both time series. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-the-different-estimation-methods-for-1jrnzxux.png Figure 4: Performance of the different estimation methods for a red signal (𝜷𝑺 = 𝟏) with white noise 2 component (𝜷𝜺 = 𝟎). Top row: True correlation (grey, black) and estimated correlation (colours) as a function of 3 time scale. Middle row: Standard deviation of the estimators. Bottom row: Bias of the estimators relative to the 4 filter-specific true correlation. The dashed vertical line marks the time scale corresponding to the mean sampling 5 interval. 6 https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-the-end-to-end-latency-of-an-immersive-4xxhwlnzpi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-icve-setting-showing-avatar-arm-moving-on-the-3og4arh8.png Figure 1. ICVE setting, showing avatar arm moving on the remote display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-video-conference-setting-person-moving-arm-and-the-328uqps9.png Figure 2. Video Conference setting, person moving arm and the video impression of this at the remote display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graph-showing-the-latency-in-replicating-enactment-18nys7gx.png Figure 8. Graph showing the latency in replicating enactment of an event: a) from contemporary to traditional immersive display – mean 250 b) from traditional to contemporary – mean 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-video-conference-set-up-eg51qt9a.png Figure 6. Video conference set up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-time-it-takes-for-the-movement-of-a-person-to-3thhfqou.png Figure 7. The time it takes for the movement of a person to be replicated in the remote avatar: (a) from contemporary to traditional immersive display – mean of 605msecs; (b) in the other direction – mean 414msec. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-of-eyecve-1h65yuxg.png Figure 4. Architecture of EyeCVE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-display-layer-of-a-cluster-client-26uy0s4y.png Figure 5. The display layer of a cluster client https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-typical-icve-system-18y952m0.png Figure 3. Diagram of typical ICVE system https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-vaccination-strategies-in-canada-under-different-4om79n9u19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphic-comparison-of-results-s4pg16r5.png Figure 1 - Graphic comparison of results https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-2-mrad-and-14-20-mrad-crossing-angle-2df29o878k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geant-generated-drawing-of-the-beam-line-elements-2ed2xesu.png Figure 5: GEANT generated drawing of the beam line elements with 100 beam tracks shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-angular-distribution-and-spinthcos-for-beam-1cc6ligo.png Figure 10: Angular distribution and spinθcos for beam particles within 100 microns of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bds-layout-grid-size-is-100m-5m-proposal-for-two-hbsqftia.png Figure 1: BDS layout. Grid size is 100m*5m.Proposal for two IRs at the ILC. The electron and positron beams enter the final focus systems from the upper left and right. The IR at the top of the figure has the beams crossing at 2 mrad; the one at the bottom of the figure crosses at 20 mrad A high resolution version of this figure can be found in Reference 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-energy-distribution-at-the-e-e-interaction-region-3ha6xaam.png Figure 6: Energy distribution at the e+e- interaction region after collision for cs11 data set corresponding to a normal ILC beam [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-y-versus-x-within-100-microns-of-3mwepr45.png Figure 9: Distribution of y versus x within 100 microns of the peak at the Compton IP for the 20 mrad and 2 mrad extraction lines. The dispersion at the Compton IP for particles of energy 250 GeV is -2cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-the-energy-chicane-and-polarimeter-4w1d514h.png Figure 2: Diagram of the Energy Chicane and Polarimeter Chicane in the 14/20 mrad extraction line. Longitudinal distances are given from the IP. Also shown is the 0.75 mrad beam stay clear from the IP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-energy-loss-from-synchrotron-radiation-between-the-1zcuh772.png Table IV: Energy Loss from Synchrotron Radiation between the e+e- IR and the Center of the Energy Chicane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-angular-distribution-at-the-e-e-interaction-region-38c9fxe4.png Figure 7: Angular distribution at the e+e- interaction region after collision for different data sets. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-between-clinical-registry-and-medicare-claims-5c8x184xq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-agreement-on-hospitals-risk-adjusted-odds-ratios-396h69hh.png FIGURE 1. Agreement on hospitals’ risk-adjusted odds ratios for postoperative complications between a clinical surgical registry (ACS-NSQIP) and administrative data from Medicare inpatient claims (MedPAR), as determined by the correlation coefficient and weighted kappa for decile rank (n = 192 hospitals). https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-fea-simulations-and-experimental-results-for-s75pjgv670 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-388oo4hx.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-qf5b3fr9.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1lshrwed.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1nv865su.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-23mj5tc2.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-108voul7.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3qrmsc49.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-20ibywbh.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-dynamic-models-of-battery-energy-storage-for-17c0pnjypv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thevenin-model-of-battery-energy-storage-adapted-from-2bu8vqmk.png Fig. 1: Thevenin Model of Battery Energy Storage (adapted from [7]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-incremental-bes-model-adapted-from-10-18tc0ob5.png Fig. 4: Incremental BES Model (adapted from [10]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-model-of-battery-equivalent-circuits-bes-1r5klcmn.png Fig. 3: Dynamic Model of (battery equivalent circuits) BES (adopted from [9]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-battery-equivalent-circuit-adapted-from-8-aapeqsr6.png Fig. 2: Battery Equivalent Circuit (adapted from [8]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-non-linear-model-and-voltage-source-in-3zqvgk59.png Fig. 12: Comparison of non-linear model and voltage source in series with a resistor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-first-order-model-with-state-of-charge-and-3bekem8k.png Fig. 13: Comparison first order model with state of charge and voltage source in series with a resistor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-power-supplied-by-battery-equivalent-model-and-or0429h0.png Fig. 11: Power supplied by battery equivalent model and voltage source in series with a resistor https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-classical-system-13z81gzl.png Table I: Parameters of the classical system https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-electron-and-muon-charged-current-neutrino-and-42eekuwu9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2kbzdsqb.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3exi9cpb.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-25ktxes7.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vumusl93.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-identification-protocols-of-a-static-cv8dhqx8jq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reference-and-identified-values-of-ok-and-khk-sets-39scyp6z.png TABLE I REFERENCE AND IDENTIFIED VALUES OF ωk AND χk SETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-loops-at-different-amplitudes-reference-loop-solid-2v0be3f3.png Fig. 1. Loops at different amplitudes. Reference loop (solid line), loops simulated with parameters identified by [6] (dashed line) and loops simulated with parameters identified by [7] (dotted line) https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-image-restoration-methods-for-bioluminescence-3sktrens0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-example-of-a-bioluminescence-acquisition-b-fusion-34q5fl2u.png Fig. 1. (a) Example of a bioluminescence acquisition, (b) Fusion between of the bioluminescence image and visible light image. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-inorganic-chlorine-in-the-southern-hemispheric-2fqohyyr5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-comparison-of-the-vertical-profiles-of-cly-inside-2asqc1do.png Figure 9. (a) Comparison of the vertical profiles of Cly inside the respective vortex where classification was possible as well as total chlorine from PGS (black) and SouthTRAC (green). Data are averaged over 40◦ to 90◦ of the respective hemisphere and are displayed as a function of potential temperature and as a function of potential temperature difference to the local tropopause. Vertical and horizontal error bars denote 1 σ variability. As dashed horizontal lines with the 1 σ variability as shaded areas, mean averaged WMO tropopauses for PGS (black) and SouhTRAC (green) are displayed. (b) as in (a) but as a function of potential temperature relative to the local tropopause (WMO), displayed with a grey dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-difference-of-the-latitude-altitude-cross-section-ihw87dhl.png Figure 10. Difference of the latitude-altitude cross section of Cly from PGS and SouthTRAC. Data are binned using equivalent latitude∗ and ∆Θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-cfc-11-measured-on-the-ghost-ms-18ov18a1.png Figure 5. Comparison of CFC-11, measured on the GhOST-MS during flight ST14 on 26 September 2019. In red, original data, whereas is black, measurements were up-sampled using CFC-12 measurements of the ECD channel. Background colors indicate in which region the samples were taken, using the air mass classification in Θ-coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-cfc-12-and-cfc-11-cfc-12-and-s9vpd485.png Figure 6. Correlation between CFC-12 and CFC-11, CFC-12 and CH3Cl, and between CFC-12 and HCFC-142b. In black the measurements by GhOST-MS, in red the retrended balloon observations using mean arrival time.22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mid-latitudes-and-vortex-profiles-black-of-n2o-psdfaon2.png Figure 2. Mid-latitudes and vortex profiles (black) of N2O versus (a) potential temperature (Θ) and (b) potential temperature difference (∆Θ) to the local WMO tropopause. Cutoff criterion on 20 ppb is illustrated by the the grey profile on the right side of the vortex profile. Mid-latitudes variability of 15 ppb is illustrated with the grey profile on the left side of the mid-latitudes profile. In between, there is the vortex boundary region. Overlap region is declared for the area where cutoff and mid-latitudes variability crosses. Additionally, N2O measurements classified to the respective region are displayed. Vortex measurements in red, vortex boundary region measurements in green, mid-latitudes measurements in blue, and overlapping measurements in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-indirectly-and-directly-determined-inorganic-20bau58u.png Figure 7. Indirectly and directly determined inorganic chlorine as a function of age of air (green and back) and the absolute difference between these methods (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-air-sampling-statistics-of-the-southtrac-campaign-11u9n5ah.png Figure 3. Air sampling statistics of the SouthTRAC campaign. On the left, the number of classified measurements. Each column represents a single scientific flight. Stacked bars indicate vortex (red), vortex boundary (green), mid-latitudes (blue), and undefined (grey) amounts. On the right side, percentage of each region to the total of all measurements in the scope of the classification (above ∆Θ of 20K). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flight-tracks-of-halo-of-a-the-transfers-from-and-2ql35qlz.png Figure 1. Flight tracks of HALO of (a) the transfers from and to Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany (48◦N, 11◦E) and (b) during the two phases with the base in Rio Grande, Argentina (53◦S, 67◦W). https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-intraoperative-procedures-for-isolation-of-2vcc18wx0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-modified-ifats-index-score-for-the-measurement-of-3j7ay039.png Table 5. Modified IFATS index score for the measurement of adipose tissue-derived https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-overview-of-enzymatic-versus-non-3bsr5yfi.png Figure 3. A) Schematic overview of enzymatic versus non-enzymatic intraoperative isolation and characterization of the obtained cSVF or tSVF. B) Legend of figure 3A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-svf-composition-cd-marker-of-procedures-comparing-1ooh510b.png Figure 2. SVF composition (CD marker) of procedures comparing an intraoperative isolation procedure with a non-intraoperative isolation protocol or with other intraoperative isolation procedures within one study. Stromal cell population (CD31min/CD34pos) consists of supra-adventitial cells, ASCs and pericytes, only pericytes defined as CD31min/CD146pos, CD31min/CD34min/pos or CD34min/CD146pos/CD90pos are placed separately in the table. Endothelial cells and vascular/progenitor endothelial cells are described as respectively, CD31pos/CD34min and CD31pos/CD34pos. No exact data described in text by Aronowitz et al., Bianchi et al., Domenis et al., Güven et al. and Mashiko et al., data is extracted from figures by authors JAD and AJT. AIS Automated Isolation System; CHA-station (CHA-Biotech); CYT Celution System Enzymatic (Cytori); FAST Fastem Corios (Corios); GID SVF2 (GID Europe); LIPOK Lipokit System (Medi-khan); PNC Multi station (PNC); REF Residual tissue of emulsified fat; SEPAX Sepax (Biosafe); SF Squeezed fat;Tissue Genesis Cell Isolation System (Tissue Genesis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-effect-sizes-of-studies-evaluating-enzymatic-1qzxajf6.png Table 4A: Effect sizes of studies evaluating enzymatic intraoperative isolation procedures regarding cell yield https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-search-terms-of-databases-3pxu486d.png Table 2. Specific search terms of databases https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-effect-sizes-of-studies-evaluating-viable-nucleated-3mxtwkgy.png Table 4A: Effect sizes of studies evaluating enzymatic intraoperative isolation procedures regarding cell yield https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-2m3drkfo.png Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-large-scale-vented-deflagration-tests-to-cfd-1h6eg46vca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-internal-pressure-transducer-layout-2-of-2-1ceuo052.png Figure 4. Internal pressure transducer layout (2 of 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-external-pressure-transducer-layout-2p3qdg2y.png Figure 5. External pressure transducer layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-maximum-impulse-at-the-floor-for-all-test-series-2ik1kko5.png Figure 11. Maximum impulse at the floor for all test series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-pressure-history-at-the-wall-left-and-column-right-3p2la2zt.png Figure 12. Pressure history at the wall (left) and column (right) pressure transducers (Test A02) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-pressure-history-external-to-the-test-rig-for-test-1zr8v7hg.png Figure 16. Pressure history external to the test rig for Test A02 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-flacs-predicted-pressure-history-external-to-the-1ypo1pqw.png Figure 17. FLACS predicted pressure history external to the test rig for Test Series A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dlg-rig-model-created-for-flacs-simulations-2srq7svf.png Figure 6. DLG rig model created for FLACS simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-internal-peak-pressure-at-the-floor-for-all-test-1yyb2rs8.png Figure 10. Internal peak pressure at the floor for all test series https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-measurements-of-angular-hadron-energy-spectra-3h0nqw1kh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8rv6zejh.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-28oslfkg.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1swcx1v3.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-90fot0sd.png Table I: https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-medical-abortion-follow-up-with-serum-human-4oloq122pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contacts-because-of-lack-of-follow-up-or-abortion-1raa6301.png Table 2 Contacts because of lack of follow-up or abortion-related issues after medical abo https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-patients-by-date-of-treatment-and-1vmodu6q.png Table 1 Characteristics of patients by date of treatment and follow-up method [n (%) unless otherwise specified] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-associated-with-ltfu-1lg3rjb6.png Table 3 Factors associated with LTFU https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-preoperative-trans-thoracic-echocardiography-58mizoge1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ef50d73k.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3ma53b40.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tws62hl2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3rhlpd2y.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-soil-seed-banks-of-habitats-distributed-along-erw1igvggd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-glm-when-comparing-the-soil-seed-bank-2acqco4t.png Table 2. Results of GLM when comparing the soil seed bank characteristics among the different altitudes and habitats. Seed density and seed diversity were calculated per m 2 and quadrat, respectively. The percentage of similarity between soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation was calculated for each quadrat. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-the-degradation-of-the-polarisation-resistance-2nboepmjcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nyquist-plot-of-electrochemical-impedance-obtained-enyictke.png Figure 4. Nyquist plot of electrochemical impedance obtained on the Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSMYSZ full cell. Conditions: 650°C, OCV, 140 l/h air (cathode), 25 l/h humidified (4%) hydrogen. (○) Spectrum obtained after 0 hours of testing, (□) spectrum obtained after 155 hours of testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bode-plot-of-the-real-and-imaginary-part-of-the-2407ildx.png Figure 5. Bode plot of the real and imaginary part of the electrochemical impedance obtained on the Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ full cell. Conditions: 650°C, OCV, 140 l/h air (cathode), 25 l/h humidified (4%) hydrogen. (■) Real part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 0 hours of testing, (□) real part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 155 hours of testing. (●) Imaginary part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 0 hours of testing, (○) imaginary part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 155 hours of testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-plot-of-the-imaginary-part-of-the-2qgxxlnd.png Figure 6. Difference plot of the imaginary part of the impedance data of the cells. The impedance data at 0 h were subtracted from those at 155/156 hours. (■) Full cell (NiYSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ); (∆) symmetrical cell (LSM-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ), the imaginary part of the impedance data for the symmetrical cell were divided by two, so the values in the plot only represent one cathode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equivalent-circuit-applied-to-deconvolute-impedance-zklor95d.png Figure 7. Equivalent circuit applied to deconvolute impedance data obtained on NiYSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ full cell. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fitting-results-of-ni-ysz-ysz-lsm-ysz-full-cell-at-1cm6ueu4.png TABLE II. Fitting results of Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ full cell at 650°C, OCV, 140 l/h air (cathode) and 25 l/h humidified (4%) hydrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nyquist-plot-of-the-electrochemical-impedance-iigfsa45.png Figure 1. Nyquist plot of the electrochemical impedance obtained on LSMYSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ symmetrical cells, at 650°C in stagnant air. (○) Spectrum obtained after 0 hours of testing, (□) spectrum obtained after 156 hours of testing. Note that the spectrum shown is for the whole cell, hence contains data for 2 (equal) electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equivalent-circuit-applied-to-deconvolute-impedance-3ow0rj2d.png Figure 3. Equivalent circuit applied to deconvolute impedance data obtained on LSMYSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ symmetrical cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bode-plot-of-the-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-pp57w8st.png Figure 2. Bode plot of the real and imaginary parts of the electrochemical impedance obtained on the LSM-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ symmetrical cell, at 650°C in stagnant air. (■) Real part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 0 hours of testing, (□) real part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 156 hours of testing. (●) Imaginary part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 0 hours of testing, (○) imaginary part of the impedance spectrum obtained after 156 hours of testing. Note that the spectra shown for the symmetrical cell are for the whole cell, hence contains data for 2 (equal) electrodes. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-tolerant-and-susceptible-cultivars-revealed-2fbadncvda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1v17kn1t.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4rcvnj59.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3fe7apm2.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1fui2p6q.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1nehtg6n.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-j897mdeu.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-two-methods-for-unsupervised-person-3qn4um3v15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-proposed-system-1fu5bxqv.png Fig. 2. Overview of the proposed system https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-evaluation-of-overlaid-name-detection-206bn6na.png TABLE II. EVALUATION OF OVERLAID NAME DETECTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-precision-recall-and-f-mesure-on-dev-and-test-32m6718w.png TABLE III. PRECISION, RECALL AND F-MESURE ON DEV AND TEST CORPORA. RESULTS ARE REPORTED WHILE EVALUATING THE SPEAKER ONLY, THE HEAD ONLY AND BOTH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-annotation-with-an-opn-introducing-the-352kbw3i.png Fig. 1. Example of annotation with an OPN introducing the speaker. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-key-frames-speakers-faces-and-overlaid-1v5a3x8o.png TABLE I. NUMBER OF KEY FRAMES, SPEAKERS, FACES AND OVERLAID NAMES IN CORPORA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-google-roquets-for-laurence-piau-28laqo2v.png Fig. 3. Google roquets for ”Laurence Piau” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-speaker-diarization-face-diarization-et-opn-1i24wc1a.png Fig. 4. Speaker diarization, Face diarization et OPN https://scispace.com/papers/compensatory-effects-of-boat-wake-and-dredge-spoil-disposal-5ky9zl7gfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-comparing-the-percent-contribution-of-sediment-3uxhinmh.png TABLE 1. ANOVA comparing the percent contribution of sediment fractions identified as principle contributors to multivariate patterns and total weight at sites at Bogue Sound, North Carolina. There were 3 levels of treatment (with wake and spoil [+W+S], without wake but with spoil [2W+S], without wake or spoil [2W2S]), and 2 levels of Site (treatment) (random). * p . 0.05. n 5 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nmds-ordinations-of-assemblages-of-macroinvertebrates-16sr9sw1.png Fig. 4. nMDS ordinations of assemblages of macroinvertebrates collected from sites within Bogue Sound. Points represent individual samples. +W 5 with wake, 2W 5 without wake, +S 5 with spoil, and 2S 5 without spoil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-1-se-percent-contribution-of-dominant-sediment-13t2lpzm.png Fig. 3. Mean (+ 1 SE) percent contribution of dominant sediment fractions to total weight at each of the sites sampled along Bogue Sound. +W 5 with wake, 2W 5 without wake, +S 5 with spoil, and 2S 5 without spoil. n 5 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-testing-for-differences-in-the-magnitude-of-214e56kl.png TABLE 2. ANOVA testing for differences in the magnitude of Bray Curtis measures of dissimilarity in composition of macroinvertebrates between pairs of treatments. 1 5 with wake and spoil versus without wake but with spoil, 2 5 with wake and spoil versus without wake or spoil, and 3 5 without wake but with spoil versus without wake or spoil. n 5 5. * 5 p . 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-1-se-bray-curtis-dissimilarity-in-assemblages-of-23q9t2ex.png Fig. 5. Mean (+ 1 SE) Bray–Curtis dissimilarity in assemblages of macroinvertebrates between treatments. +W 5 with wake, 2W 5 without wake, +S 5 with spoil, and 2S 5 without spoil. n 5 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-comparing-abundances-of-macroinvertebrates-1avai4cm.png TABLE 3. ANOVA comparing abundances of macroinvertebrates among the 3 treatments (with wake and spoil [+W+S], without wake but with spoil [2W+S], and without wake or spoil [2W2S]). All data were ln(x + 1) transformed prior to analysis. n 5 5. * 5 p . 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-1-se-abundance-of-infaunal-taxa-in-cores-of-28nuhe2o.png Fig. 6. Mean (+ 1 SE) abundance of infaunal taxa in cores of sediment collected from sites at Bogue Sound. +W 5 with wake, 2W 5 without wake, +S 5 with spoil, and 2S 5 without spoil. n 5 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-1-se-abundance-of-epifaunal-taxa-in-cores-of-2uez500p.png Fig. 7. Mean (+ 1 SE) abundance of epifaunal taxa in cores of seagrass collected from sites at Bogue Sound. +W 5 with wake, 2W 5 without wake, +S 5 with spoil, and 2S 5 without spoil. n 5 5. https://scispace.com/papers/compensation-mechanism-for-active-power-curtailment-in-lv-4elgq79vr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pv-curtailment-plan-for-each-house-2wqfcjyu.png Fig. 4. PV curtailment plan for each house https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-injected-pv-power-by-each-household-in-uncontrolled-138kre7a.png Fig. 5. Injected PV power by each household in uncontrolled case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-compensation-for-each-prosumer-2z3llsc3.png Fig. 8. Compensation for each prosumer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transformer-power-under-uncontrolled-and-controlled-8etw2foi.png Fig. 3. Transformer power under uncontrolled and controlled scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-injected-pv-power-by-each-household-in-controlled-case-2b0cqx75.png Fig. 6. Injected PV power by each household in controlled case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pv-power-being-injected-by-house-9-s6slkpyr.png Fig. 7. PV power being injected by house 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-total-compensation-need-to-be-shared-by-dso-to-pn4zstiq.png Fig. 9. Total compensation need to be shared by DSO to prosumers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-compensation-mechanism-aibyqb3a.png Fig. 1 Flowchart of the compensation mechanism https://scispace.com/papers/competition-between-first-and-second-generation-technologies-39ljmxwsyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-innovation-system-functions-i0le72cs.png Table 1 Innovation system functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-event-types-as-indicators-of-innovation-system-1pzfa1iw.png Table 2 Event types as indicators of innovation system functions https://scispace.com/papers/competition-for-membrane-receptors-norovirus-detachment-via-4ssod5r1sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deconvolution-of-the-measured-frequency-trace-black-2t0mk9vu.png Figure 2. Deconvolution of the measured frequency trace (black line) of noroVLPs bound to a SLB containing (a) 6.3 mol% H type 1 and (b) 3.5 mol% B type 1 at competitive binding. 0.25 nM noroVLP was employed for the virus particle binding. 16 and 160 nM lectin was added to induce competition in case of H and B type 1, respectively. The green line corresponds to the measured dissipation shift, which was used to deconvolute the frequency trace into the contributions causes by noroVLPs (red line) and lectin (blue line), respectively (see Supporting Information for details). (c, d) Comparison of lectin traces that have been extracted from the competition experiments (blue) with those that have been recorded for lectin binding to a bare GSL-containing SLB (i.e., in absence of noroVLPs; orange). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lectin-coverage-dependent-detachment-of-slb-bound-23n4k7do.png Figure 3. Lectin coverage dependent detachment of SLB-bound noroVLPs. (a, b) A comparison of https://scispace.com/papers/complement-receptor-3-like-immunoreactivity-in-the-superior-1z7or3i1gn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cr3-like-immunoreactivity-in-inferior-tentacle-of-l-tedri9h0.png Fig. 3. CR3-like immunoreactivity in inferior tentacle of L. marginatus. (A) CR3-like immunoreactivity (green) in the right inferior tentacle. The autofluorescence was yellow and orange. CC; collar cell. (B) Magnified view of the white-squared area indicated “B” in (A). The immunoreactivity was detected in the cell body (arrowhead) and the processes (double arrowhead) of collar cells in the digit. (C) Magnified view of the whitesquared area indicated “C” in (A). (D) Elimination of autofluorescence in (C) by the graphic editing software. The true CR3-like immunofluorescence remained. The granules in collar cells surrounding the tentacular ganglion exhibited CR3-like immunoreactivity. (E) Cell bodies (arrowheads) of collar cells labeled by application of HRP to the SE of inferior tentacles of L. marginatus. ITG; tentacular ganglion of the inferior tentacle. Bars = 200 µm (A), 50 µm (B–D), 100 µm (E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cr3-like-immunoreactivity-in-superior-tentacle-of-l-2gqv3qhx.png Fig. 2. CR3-like immunoreactivity in superior tentacle of L. marginatus. (A) CR3-like immunoreactivity (green) in the right superior tentacle. The autofluorescence was yellow and orange. CC; collar cell. (B) Magnified view of the white-squared area indicated “B” in (A). The immunoreactivity was detected in the cell body (arrowhead) and the processes (double arrowhead) of collar cells in the digit. (C) Magnified view of the whitesquared area indicated “C” in (A). The granules in collar cells surrounding the tentacular ganglion exhibited CR3-like immunoreactivity. (D) Elimination of autofluorescence in (C) by the graphic editing software. The true CR3-like immunofluorescence remained. (E) Cell bodies (arrowheads) of collar cells labeled by application of HRP to the SE of superior tentacles of L. marginatus. STG; tentacular ganglion of the superior tentacle. Bars = 200 µm (A), 50 µm (B–D), 100 µm (E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawings-of-cns-and-superior-and-inferior-3lo308be.png Fig. 1. Schematic drawings of CNS and superior and inferior tentacles in L. marginatus. (A) Dorsal view of the Limax head. (B) Dorsal view of the CNS of L. marginatus. The CNS of L. marginatus consists of 11 ganglia, and the superior and inferior tentacles contain the tentacular ganglia, STG and ITG, respectively. (C) Dorsal view of the superior tentacle of L. marginatus. Superior tentacle contains the eye and the optic nerve. (D) Dorsal view of the inferior tentacle of L. marginatus. The collar cells not only surround the both tentacular ganglia but also disperse in the digits of tentacles. Bu. G.; Buccal ganglion, Pe. G.; pedal ganglion, Ce. G.; cerebral ganglion, Pl. G.; pleural ganglion, Pa. G.; parietal ganglion, and Vi. G.; visceral ganglion. A; anterior, P; posterior, L; left, R; right. https://scispace.com/papers/complementary-sequential-measurements-generate-entanglement-4s9fcey627 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-circuit-diagram-for-the-sequential-measurement-of-the-1jtkl5x2.png FIG. 1. Circuit diagram for the sequential measurement of the X and Z observables on system S. https://scispace.com/papers/complete-elastic-tensor-through-the-first-order-2a2xjro9kr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-elastic-constant-c55-of-u2rh3si5-vs-temperature-1gphbfvq.png FIG. 3. The elastic constant C55 of U2Rh3Si5 vs temperature for different temperature scales. (a),(b) The open symbols represent the experimental elastic constant and the solid symbols represent the intensity of a neutron scattering Bragg reflection, such intensity being proportional to the square of the ordered magnetic moment. (c) The symbols represent the elastic constant data, the solid line is a fit using Eq. (3), and the dashed line represents the background elastic constant, Eq. (4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-nine-independent-elastic-constants-of-64hxr9ds.png FIG. 2. The nine independent elastic constants of quasiorthorhombic U2Rh3Si5 vs temperature as determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. All nine Cij show abnormal behavior. The dashed line in Fig. 3(c) illustrates normal behavior. At 25.5 K, transformation occurs to the antiferromagnetic state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crystal-structure-of-u2rh3si5-in-the-quasiorthorhombic-1o0qdb75.png FIG. 1. Crystal structure of U2Rh3Si5 in the quasiorthorhombic lattice. The arrows indicate the magnetic moments in the ordered state. https://scispace.com/papers/complete-spectrum-of-multidepth-corrugated-circular-1a323kkbuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-propagation-constant-3nemhnuj.png Fig. 3. Real and imaginary parts of propagation constant versus frequency. The stars represent complex modes.r01 = 1:22r1; r01 = 1:13r1; p = 0:5r1; g = 10t = 10=11 p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-propagation-constants-of-the-first-few-propagating-2hxq1sgm.png Fig. 2. Propagation constants of the first few propagating modes. The circles are from [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-side-view-of-a-dual-depth-corrugated-waveguide-3ldy9vi3.png Fig. 1. Side view of a dual-depth corrugated waveguide. https://scispace.com/papers/complete-structure-of-the-core-signalling-unit-of-the-e-coli-1oym1wwdap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-molecular-model-of-the-complete-e-coli-core-signalling-1e6ti13p.png Fig. 5 Molecular model of the complete E. coli core signalling unit. a Overlay between CSU model and masked 3D density map shown with surface representation at an isovalue threshold of 0.016. Colours and labels in the model as in Fig. 4. b Zoom of membrane and membrane-proximal receptor domains from side (left) and at vertical slices taken through the periplasmic (top right) and HAMP (botton right) domains. To visualise the densities corresponding to the periplasmic domains, the map threshold is lowered to 0.0045 in the side view and the slice through the periplasmic domain. c Zoom of CheA/CheW baseplate region from side (left) and top (right). For the side view representation, the map and model have been rotated by 45° to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-chemoreceptor-csu-and-chemoreceptor-array-20491oqb.png Fig. 1 Overview of chemoreceptor, CSU and chemoreceptor array architectures. a Schematic representation of homodimeric chemoreceptor structure. Red cylinders represent α-helical secondary structures drawn approximately to scale, flexible hinges are drawn as thin wavy strings, important regions discussed further in the text are highlighted (methylation sites as yellow circles, glycine hinges as teal cylinders). Regions encompassed in square brackets are the periplasmic ligand-binding domain (PP), the HAMP domain (HAMP), the methylation-helix bundles (MH), a flexible region containing the glycine hinge (GH) and the trimerisation and kinase control domain (KC) which is the site of interaction with CheA and CheW. b—left Two receptor ToDs interact with CheA and CheW to form a CSU shown from the side. Two MCP dimers in the CSU are shown in salmon for perspective. CheA is shown in shades of blue, and CheW in gold. CheA.P3, CheA.P4 and CheA.P5 are labelled and have known positions. Positions of CheA.P1 and CheA.P2 are not certain. The baseplate region is boxed. b—top right Same as in b—left shown as a 5 nm-thick projection through the density of our reconstruction. Roman numerals in b—left and b—top right refer to important regions of the structure—(i) the periplasmic domain, (ii) the HAMP domain, (iii) the methylation-helix bundle and (iv) the baseplate region. c—top CheA and CheW from three neighbouring CSUs interact to form chemoreceptor arrays, shown schematically and c—bottom as a 5 nm projection through the density of our reconstruction. The same region in c—top and c—bottom is delimited by a dashed hexagon. In b—top right and c—bottom, protein density is shown in white and scale bars are 10 nm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wm4196-minicells-are-suitable-for-high-resolution-5sk6urc5.png Fig. 2 WM4196 minicells are suitable for high-resolution analysis of chemoreceptor arrays. a Representative electron micrographs showing healthy looking WM4196 minicells. b—left XY slice and b—right YZ slices through tomograms of WM4196 minicells showing that they appear flattened in vitreous ice, yielding thin samples suitable for cryo-ET. Black dotted lines are used to show membrane positions which are not clear in the images due to missingwedge effects from tomographic reconstruction. c slices through tomograms of WM4196 minicells exhibiting presence of chemoreceptor arrays aligned both perpendicular (left) and parallel (right) to the electron beam. Scale bar is 100 nm in all panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chemotaxis-proteins-and-signaling-activities-in-wm4196-2dwiudmc.png Fig. 3 Chemotaxis proteins and signaling activities in WM4196 minicells. a Tsr, Tar, and CheA levels in WM4196. Cell extracts were prepared and analysed by SDS–PAGE and western blotting as described in the “Methods” section. Band intensities were determined by densitometry and normalized to the RP437 values. The entire gel is shown in Supplementary Fig. 2. b FRET analysis of serine signaling in WM4196 minicells. WM4196 minicells expressing the CheY-YFP/CheZ-CFP FRET reporter pair (see the “Methods” section) were immobilized on polylysine-coated coverslips and mounted in a microscope flow chamber. The horizontal trace follows the ratio of YFP to CFP emission counts, a measure of CheA kinase activity in the cells. Serine stimuli were applied to the cells during the intervals marked by grey rectangles. The magnitude of the drop in YFP/CFP value reflects the fraction of CheA activity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cryo-et-map-of-the-csu-interpreted-in-the-light-of-the-2i5satto.png Fig. 4 Cryo-ET map of the CSU interpreted in the light of the resulting molecular model. a Subtomogram average of the CSU. The map is shown as an isosurface representation above and below the capped, dashed line at thresholds of 0.0045 and 0.018, respectively. Regions corresponding to the https://scispace.com/papers/complete-instantiation-based-interpolation-4ll0bgdn80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-experiments-the-columns-list-the-2fjr72xc.png Table 1. Summary of experiments. The columns list the benchmark name, the number of loop unrollings in the error trace, the number of generated partial models forA, the number of generated instances of extension axioms, and the total computation time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c-code-for-in-place-reversal-of-a-linked-list-the-u4bpk9bq.png Figure 1. C code for in-place reversal of a linked list. The graph depicts a reachable program state at the entry point of the while loop in function reverse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-c-code-for-concatenation-of-two-lists-the-second-rxacy86l.png Figure 8. C code for concatenation of two lists. The second while loop checks whether y is reachable from x after the concatenation. The right-hand side shows the trace formula for an infeasible error trace that is obtained by unfolding both while loops twice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-instantiation-based-interpolation-procedure-with-1pvp2uoe.png Figure 9. Instantiation-based interpolation procedure with userdefined abstraction of partial models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spurious-error-trace-of-function-reverse-and-its-m65nsmee.png Figure 2. Spurious error trace of function reverse and its encoding as a trace formula https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-restrictions-on-the-interpretation-of-extension-2ng6ynpc.png Figure 5. Restrictions on the interpretation of extension symbols in a heap model M https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-axioms-of-theory-extension-tllr-14whzgfi.png Figure 6. Axioms of theory extension Tllr https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interpolation-problem-a0-b0-that-is-obtained-from-3-6qo2nqex.png Figure 3. Interpolation problem A0 ∧ B0 that is obtained from (3) after instantiation of the extension axioms. All function and predicate symbols are uninterpreted. https://scispace.com/papers/complex-geographical-distribution-of-ploidy-levels-in-hzpewk9ea7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1q4wjerx.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-our-study-sites-black-circles-and-pie-3rznpehv.png Fig. 1 Location of our study sites (black circles) and pie charts reflecting the proportion of ploidy levels found at each Polylepis australis site in Argentina (A) and the Sierras de Córdoba (B). Pie chart size is proportional to the number of individuals sampled. Numbers next to the pie charts refer to those in table 1. The overall distribution of P. australis is indicated by the shaded area (redrawn from Renison et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/papers/complex-interactions-between-spatial-pattern-of-resident-42szq4gu30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-centaurea-stoebes-and-senecio-inaequidens-survival-2ybcasvw.png Table 1 Centaurea stoebe’s and Senecio inaequidens’ survival and biomass after 1.5 months and after 4 months https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-survival-of-genotypes-from-the-native-and-introduced-2upt87uq.png Fig. 2 Survival of genotypes from the native and introduced ranges of C. stoebe a 1.5 months after planting and b after resprouting (survival after 4 months), in response to spatial pattern (Rand random or Aggr aggregated) in the two mixture types (Mix 4 4-species and Mix 8 8-species mixtures) of experimentally assembled resident communities. Values are mean + SE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-capitulum-production-of-genotypes-from-native-and-3iw5zqwi.png Fig. 4 Capitulum production of genotypes from native and introduced ranges of S. inaequidens after 1.5 months, in response to spatial pattern in the two mixture types. Capitulum production is the number of capitula produced by Xowering plant. Values are means + SE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-diagrammatic-representation-of-the-design-of-the-1lo6rsma.png Fig. 1 a Diagrammatic representation of the design of the experiment: a split plot design, with sub-subplot nested into subplot nested into plot arranged in block, each sub-subplot containing 8 experimental units. Main eVects varied at the plot level, so each block had one replicate of each mixture type-spatial pattern combination. b Diagram of the design at the plot level: each subplot had one of two target species (C. stoebe or S. inaequidens) and was divided into sub-subplots planted with seedlings from the native range or introduced range of the target species. c Spatial pattern (aggregated vs. random) and mixture type (4-species or 8- species mixture) varied at the plot level. A–H represent resident species (A, A. elatius; B, L. perenne; C, F. pratensis; D, T. repens; E, B. erectus; F, A. capillaris; G, A. millefolium and H, L. corniculatus). Cn, Ci, Sn, and Si are the target species: respectively Centaurea stoebe from the native and introduced ranges and Senecio inaequidens from the native and introduced ranges https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-standing-biomass-of-genotypes-from-native-and-17dxbnrc.png Fig. 3 Standing biomass of genotypes from native and introduced ranges after 1.5 months of a C. stoebe and b S. inaequidens in response to spatial pattern of experimentally assembled resident communities. Values are mean § SE https://scispace.com/papers/complex-reservoir-sedimentation-revealed-by-an-unusual-2s3862t38o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-kangaroo-creek-reservoir-bridge-monolith-age-depth-1s3xsjyq.png Fig. 3 a Kangaroo Creek Reservoir bridge monolith age-depth relationships based on 2a. derived from constant initial concentration (CIC) and constant rate of supply (CRS). Also shown are the concentrations of macrocharcoal particles in the monolith and the two chronological tie-points used to constrain the CRS-derived age-depth relationship. b Bridge monolith sedimentation rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-summary-of-correlations-based-on-210pbex-210pbex-137cs-24muzx04.png Fig. 8 Summary of correlations based on 210Pbex, 210Pbex/ 137Cs ratio, 226Ra/228Ra, diatom (sequence slotting) data and that derived by ascribing dates to inferred density currents. Note that ambiguous correlations are not displayed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-attempted-correlation-between-kangaroo-creek-reservoir-l45yjhyb.png Fig. 7 Attempted correlation between Kangaroo Creek Reservoir monolith (a) and core (b) diatom sequences derived from sequence slotting. Note that where samples are shaded in the core record, a number of samples are ‘‘slotted’’ between monolith samples, where a dashed line is shown only a single sample is slotted. Arrows highlight points at which core sections dominated by non-planktonic diatoms have been removed (see Fig. 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-of-kangaroo-creek-reservoir-and-the-upper-2j5f7u3p.png Fig. 1 a Location of Kangaroo Creek Reservoir and the Upper River Torrens catchment. Also shown in a are the major localities for water transfer in the Upper Torrens system. b Bathymetry of Kangaroo Creek Reservoir and locations for extraction of the core and bridge monolith sediment records https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-summary-diatom-diagram-from-kangaroo-creek-reservoir-3cow0bbo.png Fig. 4 Summary diatom diagram from Kangaroo Creek Reservoir monolith. Also shown is the loss-on-ignition (LOI) after firing at 550 C. Note that diatoms were not sampled below the 35–35.5 cm sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-age-depth-relationship-for-the-kangaroo-creek-core-1cw724bw.png Fig. 9 Age-depth relationship for the Kangaroo Creek core derived from sedimentation events and core-monolith correlations outlined in this study. Density current (d.c). Age-depth relationships derived from sequence slotting (s.s.) of diatom assemblages and CRS modelling of the 210Pbex are also shown. Note that the d.c. derived relationship is the preferred chronology (see text for details) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-monthly-discharge-over-gumeracha-weir-upstream-of-io3jjb0e.png Fig. 6 Monthly discharge over Gumeracha Weir (upstream of Kangaroo Creek Reservoir), water level change in metres/day in Kangaroo Creek Reservoir and summary diatom diagram from the Kangaroo Creek Reservoir core. It is suggested that, at the times of high stream discharge and rapid water level change, core sections dominated by non-planktonic diatoms were deposited https://scispace.com/papers/complex-scn8a-dna-abnormalities-in-an-individual-with-1jvidicdbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-scn8a-transcripts-in-blood-cells-the-61nm0m5w.png Fig. 2. Distribution of SCN8A transcripts in blood cells. The proband carries the deletion and the alternative SNP allele in 50% of her nuclear blood cells, and in the remaining 50% the healthy and the alternative SNP allele are present. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-log-r-ratio-left-and-b-allele-frequency-right-in-24tqych7.png Fig. 1. Log R-ratio (left) and B-allele frequency (right) in proband and parents. The ratio of probe fluorescence for the wildtype and alternative alleles (B-allele frequency) in the mother were either 0 or 1(homozygous SNPs), in the father frequencies of 0.5 were also found (heterozygous SNPs). For SNPs in the deleted region frequencies of either 0 or 1 were expected. In the proband B-allele frequencies were averaging 0.31/0.74, indic https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possibly-deleterious-polymorphisms-found-in-the-10yrbbll.png Table 1 Possibly deleterious polymorphisms found in the proband. Prediction of pathology by www.clinvar.com, sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) and polyphen-2. https://scispace.com/papers/complexes-of-p-tert-butylcalix-5-arene-with-lanthanides-2q5k3jxxpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conformation-of-the-ligand-in-eu2-h2l-2-dmso-4-as-1ujhew7y.png Fig. 4 Conformation of the ligand in [Eu2(H2L)2(dmso)4] as drawn with the PACHA program 28 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-averaged-distances-a-and-angles-8-for-the-f3e4mazr.png Table 1 Selected averaged distances (Å) and angles (8) for the co-ordination sphere around the two europium() ions in [Eu2(H2L)2(dmso)4]?10thf (a and b refer to the dmso O atoms, b corresponding to the molecule included in the calixarene cavity) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stereoscopic-view-of-a-dimeric-eu2-h2l-2-dmso-4-unit-vm3j65bd.png Fig. 3 Stereoscopic view of a dimeric [Eu2(H2L)2(dmso)4] unit https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-for-eu2-h2l-2-3ldhulyb.png Table 2 Crystal data and structure refinement for [Eu2(H2L)2(dmso)4]?10thf https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-species-distribution-in-solutions-of-h5l-in-3j18osce.png Fig. 1 Species distribution in solutions of H5L in acetonitrile vs. the Et3N:H5L ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-uv-absorption-spectra-of-ln2-h2l-2-dmso-4-in-thf-zbcl0f42.png Fig. 2 Top: UV absorption spectra of [Ln2(H2L)2(dmso)4] in thf. Bottom: visible absorption spectrum for Ln = Eu showing the LMCT and 5D0 ← 7F0 transitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-luminescence-spectra-of-1023-ln2-h2l-2-dmso-4-in-thf-1zfjdvya.png Fig. 5 Luminescence spectra of 1023 [Ln2(H2L)2(dmso)4] in thf, at room temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-arrhenius-plot-of-the-tb-5d4-lifetime-in-tb2-h2l-2-xiz88ifd.png Fig. 6 Arrhenius plot of the Tb(5D4) lifetime in [Tb2(H2L)2(dmso)4] vs. the reciprocal temperature (see text) https://scispace.com/papers/complexity-specialization-and-growth-3xl0ytdj57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-of-gdp-per-capita-and-density-2hp8mr4j.png Figure 2: Growth of GDP per Capita and Density https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-complexity-network-trade-and-output-growth-2uok8o1d.png Table 4: Complexity, Network Trade, and Output Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gdp-per-capita-and-density-3a5dmvmp.png Figure 1: GDP per Capita and Density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gdp-per-capita-and-network-trade-2y1coy64.png Figure 3: GDP per Capita and Network Trade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-trade-and-density-25ni8gn4.png Figure 4: Network Trade and Density https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-complexity-and-output-growth-3f95qx04.png Table 2: Complexity and Output Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-complexity-network-trade-and-output-level-1qkgtn70.png Table 3: Complexity, Network Trade, and Output Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-complexity-and-output-level-2aa80igc.png Table 1: Complexity and Output Level https://scispace.com/papers/complexity-of-the-critical-node-problem-over-trees-1niteqrdmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-of-the-algorithm-of-section-5-row-28h3dwfv.png Table 6: Performance of the algorithm of Section 5. Row headings indicate the value of n, column headings indicate the value of K. Average CPU time in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-application-of-recursion-6-to-the-subtree-of-figure-1we16h0m.png Figure 4: Application of recursion (6) to the subtree of Figure 3 for m = 0, i = 2 and k = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-a-subtree-ta-where-node-a-has-four-2sw3tjuv.png Figure 3: Example of a subtree Ta, where node a has four children (i.e. s = 4). The subtrees Ta2 and Ta3,4 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-dp1-for-cij-1-wj-1-cpu-time-in-3iaml2tu.png Table 1: Performance of DP1 for cij = 1, wj = 1. CPU time in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-application-of-recursion-6-to-the-subtree-of-figure-1c7v6wcx.png Figure 5: Application of recursion (6) to the subtree of Figure 3 for m = 7, i = 2 and k = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-dp1-for-several-values-ofk-n-cpu-time-1ni1q43u.png Table 2: Performance of DP1 for several values ofK, n. CPU time in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-equivalent-trees-obtained-when-removing-node-6-or-1djoo9yx.png Figure 6: Equivalent trees obtained when removing node 6 or not removing node 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-of-dp2-for-cij-1-wj-1-cpu-time-in-vgoy28ds.png Table 4: Performance of DP2 for cij = 1, wj = 1. CPU time in seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/component-importance-measures-for-components-with-multiple-24602ry49e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-valve-and-pump-ims-with-different-inspection-2spfdasc.png Fig. 12. The valve and pump IMs with different inspection periods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-valve-and-pump-ims-33yq5seg.png Fig. 6. The valve and pump IMs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-probability-of-the-pump-at-state-0-failure-257f0vtm.png Fig. 7. The probability of the pump at state 0 (failure) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustration-of-two-components-modeled-bypdmps-wrlrbk2a.png Fig. 2. An illustration of two components, modeled byPDMPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-scheme-of-the-pneumatic-valve-41-30qn0n2b.png Fig. 4. Simplified scheme of the pneumatic valve [41]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-valve-and-pump-ims-without-maintenance-2yj8gks5.png Fig. 9. The valve and pump IMs without maintenance https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-values-related-to-pdmp-and-the-maintenance-nk9ng9zi.png Table I Parameter values related to PDMP and the maintenance tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-degradation-process-of-the-pump-1s8ha92v.png Fig. 3. Degradation process of the pump. https://scispace.com/papers/componentization-of-fault-tolerance-software-for-fine-grain-1xexr53s8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pbr-replica-component-architecture-39yku1wu.png Figure 5. PBR replica component architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reconfiguration-script-3t3czlq8.png Figure 6. Reconfiguration script https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-reflective-architecture-3h04zhsj.png Figure 1. System reflective architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-slices-of-execution-8x615y95.png Figure 7. Time slices of execution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reflective-mechanisms-1phi7ygq.png Table 1. Reflective mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capture-of-the-control-flow-3mdhx0ut.png Figure 2. Capture of the control flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-timing-measurements-1d92pmno.png Table 3. Timing measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fault-tolerance-services-3nks37m6.png Table 2. Fault tolerance services https://scispace.com/papers/component-and-system-tests-of-the-sld-cerenkov-ring-imaging-4s682qbk2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distortion-measurements-as-a-function-of-ex-pected-i-3r8xn72n.png Fig. 10 ^-distortion measurements as a function of ex pected i-position near the bottom (squares), middle (tri angles) and top (solid circles) of a drift box. and for (a) 60 and (b) 117 cm drift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-electron-lifetime-measured-for-various-drift-lields-2q24vka6.png Fig. 11 Electron lifetime measured for various drift lields. The open circle is a measurement for pure ethane, the rest for ethane plus O.l'/f TMAK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-drift-velocity-measured-with-the-liber-optic-sys-tem-203pwcr2.png Fig. 4 Drift velocity measured with the liber optic sys tem over ii three-hour period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-distortion-measurement-from-the-central-opti-cal-dvfdeqf5.png Fig. 5 A ^-distortion measurement from the central opti cal fiber: (a) average depth versus arrival time; (b) resid uals versus expected depth; (c) same as (b), but ungated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distortion-measurements-along-the-box-ceilterline-for-2bp5u92e.png Fig. 8 ^-distortion measurements along the box ceilterline for drift distances of (a) 7. (b) 42. (c) 78, and (d) 117 cm. https://scispace.com/papers/compositional-and-functional-trajectories-of-herbaceous-1mua4ddiw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-differences-between-curves-at-year-eight-24y8schj.png Table 2. Statistical differences between curves at year eight after the establishment of deer control treatments. Post-hoc comparisons of curves were performed with Monte Carlo permutations (n=999). In order to respect the comparisonwise error of 0.05, a Šidák correction was applied to each pairwise comparison (Šidák 1967). Since we had four treatments, the p value for each pair was determined to be 0.0085. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principal-response-curves-showing-the-temporal-2fn3cnlj.png Fig. 1. Principal Response Curves showing the temporal trajectory in species composition of herbaceous communities of Abies balsamea stands after clearcutting at different levels of reduced deer density as compared to in situ deer density. The principal response curves with the same letter are not significantly different eight years after deer density control, following post-hoc comparisons of curves with Monte Carlo permutations (n=999) and a Šidák correction (see methods). The respective scores of the most dominant species are displayed along the right side vertical axis, indicating how strongly each species is correlated with the temporal patterns displayed by the curves, thus illustrating the main drivers of the temporal trajectories. 213x139mm (100 x 100 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-traits-of-herbaceous-plants-on-anticosti-24240fjf.png Table 1. Functional traits of herbaceous plants on Anticosti Island, extracted from the TOPIC database (http://topic.rncan.gc.ca) and from a literature review. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principal-response-curves-showing-the-temporal-2bx0sdjy.png Fig. 2. Principal Response Curves showing the temporal trajectory in species traits of herbaceous plant communities of Abies balsamea stands after clearcutting at different levels of reduced deer density as compared to in situ deer density. The principal response curves with the same letter are not significantly different eight years after deer density control, following post-hoc comparisons of curves with Monte Carlo permutations (n=999) and a Šidák correction (see methods). The respective scores of plant traits are displayed along the right side vertical axis, indicating how strongly each trait is correlated with the temporal patterns displayed by the curves, thus illustrating the main drivers of the temporal trajectories. 213x140mm (100 x 100 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-differences-between-curves-at-year-eight-2zntj3vj.png Table 2. Statistical differences between curves at year eight after the establishment of deer control treatments. Post-hoc comparisons of curves were performed with Monte Carlo permutations (n=999). In order to respect the comparisonwise error of 0.05, a Šidák correction was applied to each pairwise comparison (Šidák 1967). Since we had four treatments, the p value for each pair was determined to be 0.0085. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-traits-of-herbaceous-plants-on-anticosti-3rc64589.png Table 1. Functional traits of herbaceous plants on Anticosti Island, extracted from the TOPIC database (http://topic.rncan.gc.ca) and from a literature review. https://scispace.com/papers/compositional-shape-analysis-by-means-of-bi-abduction-xok94dq2ke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-running-abductor-on-simple-list-programs-1zmegbg4.png Table I. Running Abductor on simple list programs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-adaptation-in-the-presence-of-abduction-20hflzeg.png Fig. 4. Adaptation in the presence of Abduction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-specification-automatically-synthesized-by-abductor-26he7ky6.png Fig. 5. A specification automatically synthesized by Abductor for the procedure freeentryatts of the Cyrus imapd example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-pre-defined-summaries-2laxb9tc.png Fig. 3. Example Pre-defined Summaries https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-case-studies-with-large-programs-timeout-1s-mnuyt1c9.png Table II. Case Studies with Large Programs (timeout=1s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proof-rules-for-perfect-abductive-inference-modulo-c-wz5do62t.png Fig. 2. Proof Rules for Perfect Abductive Inference Modulo ≤c https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proof-rules-for-abductive-inference-2lyorool.png Fig. 1. Proof Rules for Abductive Inference https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-specification-for-the-procedure-freeattvalues-called-1f1dzfqv.png Fig. 6. A specification for the procedure freeattvalues called by freeentryatts. https://scispace.com/papers/compost-and-manure-effects-on-fertilized-corn-silage-yield-4k0a840g31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manure-effects-on-silage-yield-in-2001-each-mean-n-2kw7om85.png Figure 2. Manure effects on silage yield in 2001. Each mean (n ¼ 12 for controls, else n ¼ 6) is shown with its 95% confidence interval. The reported R2 is that found after including yield variation accounted for by the blocking factor span in the fitted model’s sum of squares. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compost-and-manure-rate-effects-on-silage-yield-in-1zihghtq.png Figure 1. Compost and manure rate effects on silage yield in 2000 and 2001. Within amendments each year, means with a common letter are not significantly different according to t tests of pairwise differences at P ¼ 0.05. Data from controls are shown twice each year to facilitate comparison with each amendment. Each mean (n ¼ 12 for controls, else n ¼ 6) is shown with its 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-slope-effects-on-silage-yield-in-2000-from-the-72-3l0dzo4h.png Figure 4. Slope effects on silage yield in 2000 from the 72 Mg manure ha21 rate and control treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nitrogen-uptake-affected-by-amendment-and-rate-data-1dket0bi.png Figure 3. Nitrogen uptake affected by amendment and rate. Data are averaged across years. Means with a common letter are not significantly different according to t tests of pairwise differences at P ¼ 0.05, with one exception. N uptake from 72 Mg manure ha21 differed at P ¼ 0.057 from the control. Data from controls are shown twice to facilitate comparison with each amendment. Each mean (n ¼ 24 for controls, else n ¼ 12) is shown with its 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-compost-and-manure-all-2o7lhzhs.png Table 1. Properties of the compost and manure (all measurements on a dry-weight basis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-amendments-applied-with-the-plant-available-n-added-3bvxpo0d.png Table 2. Amendments applied with the plant-available N added in each for the first year https://scispace.com/papers/composting-of-food-wastes-status-and-challenges-2m77r5uom6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-some-microorganisms-detected-in-different-3va957kz.png Table 1. Summary of some microorganisms detected in different stages of the composting process https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maturity-indices-used-to-assess-food-waste-compost-cvlkoz0m.png Table 2. Maturity indices used to assess food waste compost maturity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hotspots-of-research-regarding-food-waste-1odevz79.png Figure 1. Hotspots of research regarding food waste composting. 1035 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continuation-2psj38ah.png Table 1. Summary of some microorganisms detected in different stages of the composting process https://scispace.com/papers/compound-nucleus-decay-along-the-mass-asymmetry-coordinate-28kkrml03m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-23lvnbth.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-10roer6w.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mktk8dad.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/comprehensive-improvement-of-industrial-energy-efficiency-1i6y4p3d8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-management-system-concept-10jjazpa.png Fig. 3. Energy Management System - concept https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-exemplary-iteration-cycle-of-solution-2b9kng6w.png Fig. 2. Results of exemplary iteration cycle of solution finder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-energy-sankey-diagram-performed-for-21ilesza.png Fig. 1. Representation of energy sankey diagram performed for the pilot case https://scispace.com/papers/comprehensive-report-for-proposed-elevated-temperature-3di916epn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-level-a-and-b-composite-cycle-339e06m7.png Figure 3.5 – Level A and B Composite Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-suggested-abaqus-finite-element-model-layout-2z09ci5n.png Figure 4.1 – Suggested ABAQUS Finite Element Model Layout https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-level-a-loading-parameters-versus-time-40ab449x.png Table 3.3 – Level A Loading Parameters Versus Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-mesh-densities-22em1ufv.png Table A-1 Mesh Densities https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-design-loads-3a7ppl6i.png Table A-2 Design Loads https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-maximum-tresca-stress-results-ksi-3sqxg6b8.png Table A-3 Maximum Tresca Stress Results, ksi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-service-level-c-loads-and-load-combinations-2mu89ykg.png Figure 3.4 – Service Level C Loads and Load Combinations; loadings versus time https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-level-b-loading-parameters-versus-time-up-down-3dx27ejb.png Table 3.4 – Level B Loading Parameters Versus Time (Up-Down Portion) https://scispace.com/papers/compression-and-machine-learning-a-new-perspective-on-3p08eai8td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reducing-similarity-measures-to-canonical-form-2a1y6zi8.png Table 1: Reducing similarity measures to canonical form. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unix-user-id-results-accuracy-is-reported-over-1000-2zacthh9.png Table 2: Unix User ID Results. Accuracy is reported over 1000 trials. https://scispace.com/papers/compression-garments-and-fabric-orthoses-for-rehabilitation-2l6w6md7ii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-sport-performance-and-recovery-studies-1cg8sa8k.png Table 3: Overview of sport performance and recovery studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-main-areas-of-research-outside-sport-1rmmz8gr.png Table 4: Overview of main areas of research outside sport https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-studies-in-review-organised-by-1izeu3ga.png Table 2: Overview of studies in review organised by interventions researched https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-compression-garment-studies-where-3tw333hv.png Figure 2: Proportion of compression garment studies where pressure beneath the garment was measured https://scispace.com/papers/computation-of-spatio-temporal-parameters-in-level-walking-3w4ryr2cjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-inertial-system-used-on-an-obese-adolescent-e2jjkpbw.png Figure 1: The inertial system used on an obese adolescent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-change-of-sign-deg-of-the-peak-in-the-3la2wkeu.png Figure 2: The change of sign (°) of the peak in the acceleration signal in anterior-posterior direction is taken as the instant of foot contact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bland-altman-plots-of-the-mean-of-instrumented-3d-3jxkgpma.png Figure 4: Bland-Altman plots of the mean of instrumented 3D gait analysis (3D-GA) and the inertial system plotted against the difference between the two methods for obese adolescents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bland-altman-plots-of-the-mean-of-instrumented-3d-5re78hl2.png Figure 3: Bland-Altman plots of the mean of instrumented 3D gait analysis (3D-GA) and the inertial system plotted against the difference between the two methods for normal-weight adolescents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-correlation-research-r-value-between-2zp2uy95.png Table 3: Results of correlation research (r-value) between instrumented gait analysis (GA) and inertial system data for the two groups studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-median-and-quartile-range-obtained-from-7k4vtak7.png Table 1: Parameters (median and quartile range) obtained from instrumented 3D gait analysis (3D-GA) and the inertial system for the two groups studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-p-values-obtained-by-the-statistical-analysis-22c5jirx.png Table 2: The p-values obtained by the statistical analysis are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/computational-and-experimental-study-of-laminar-flames-from-5f738ajtnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-reactions-used-for-the-combustion-of-the-txb3483a.png TABLE 1. GLOBAL REACTIONS USED FOR THE COMBUSTION OF THE DEGRADATION GASES IN AIR (UNITS ARE KMOLES, CUBIC METERS, SECONDS AND KELVINS;) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-experimental-apparatus-2aul8di9.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the experimental apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-fractions-of-the-main-pyrolysis-gases-released-1y8ywfmo.png TABLE 2. MASS FRACTIONS OF THE MAIN PYROLYSIS GASES RELEASED BY THE PINUS LARICIUS NEEDLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-observed-and-simulated-temperature-in-function-of-time-ow6g880s.png Fig. 6. Observed and simulated temperature in function of time at a height of 2 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observed-and-simulated-temperature-in-function-of-time-126nytf7.png Fig. 7. Observed and simulated temperature in function of time at a height of 7 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-temperatures-along-the-flame-axis-for-pinus-mqi4rc5h.png Fig. 4. Mean temperatures along the flame axis for Pinus halepensis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-temperature-at-2-cm-above-the-samples-for-the-kt6v98ap.png Fig. 5. Mean temperature at 2 cm above the samples for the three pines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mass-fractions-of-the-different-species-at-the-1x6d4wtg.png TABLE 3. MASS FRACTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES AT THE BURNER OUTLET FOR THE TWO MIXTURES TESTED https://scispace.com/papers/computational-and-synthetic-studies-on-the-cyclometallation-3jbhavvtq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computed-c-o-distances-a-and-natural-atomic-charges-on-1tilu26q.png Fig. 4 Computed C–O distances (Å) and natural atomic charges on oxygen for intermediates 2R and for the equivalent free anions (average values are given for the latter). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computed-geometrical-parameters-a-and-for-c-h-fhpa8j1g.png Fig. 3 Computed geometrical parameters (Å and ◦) for C–H activation in [Ir(DMBA-H)(k2-RCO2)Cp]+ (R = CCl3, Ph, CF3 and OH) highlighting the six atoms directly involved. X is the Cp ring centroid and energies (kcal mol-1) are quoted relative to the appropriate reactant in each case. https://scispace.com/papers/computational-fluid-dynamic-modeling-and-simulation-of-red-3bs24vuylc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-sketch-of-the-solar-cabinet-red-chili-dryer-1thpej00.png Fig. 1. Schematic sketch of the solar cabinet red chili dryer https://scispace.com/papers/computational-insights-into-differential-interaction-of-1fup2y36za 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-molecular-interaction-energies-between-ace2-and-rbd-34sppix0.png Table 2. Molecular interaction energies between ACE2 and RBD. 250 structures from the 206 simulations were used to compute interaction energies. Strong interactions are highlighted in 207 bold font. 208 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binding-interactions-classified-based-on-sequence-2dk0sjn8.png Table 3. Binding interactions classified based on sequence identity and interactions. 216 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ace2-proteins-selected-in-this-study-58-rz33139t.png Table 1. ACE2 proteins selected in this study. 58 https://scispace.com/papers/computer-aided-measurement-of-solid-breast-tumor-features-on-3km2m4emqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ultrasound-image-of-a-solid-breast-nodule-left-contour-1mh3qbh6.png Fig. 8. Ultrasound image of a solid breast nodule (left), contour and microlobulations extracted from that contour (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ultrasound-image-of-a-solid-breast-nodule-left-contour-2ql1psew.png Fig. 9. Ultrasound image of a solid breast nodule (left), contour and spiculations extracted from that contour (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-markedly-hypoechoic-nodule-left-and-hyperechoic-nodule-1hq4lk40.png Fig. 1. Markedly hypoechoic nodule (left) and hyperechoic nodule (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ultrasound-image-of-a-nodule-left-contour-and-center-2udfagh3.png Fig. 11. Ultrasound image of a nodule (left), contour and center on the filtered image (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ultrasound-image-of-a-solid-breast-nodule-left-1epwhtku.png Fig. 10. Ultrasound image of a solid breast nodule (left), contour and calcifications extracted from that contour (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wider-than-tall-nodule-left-and-taller-than-wide-29bzuy01.png Fig. 3. Wider-than-tall nodule (left) and taller-than-wide nodule (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nodule-without-acoustic-shadowing-left-and-with-2p97sdwr.png Fig. 2. Nodule without acoustic shadowing (left) and with acoustic shadowing (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ultrasound-image-of-a-solid-breast-nodule-left-contour-2ychlygn.png Fig. 4. Ultrasound image of a solid breast nodule (left), contour and ellipse extracted from that contour (right) https://scispace.com/papers/computer-simulation-of-electric-fields-at-the-junction-e0uzz3qrn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-maximum-field-indicates-direction-of-3se4j4fk.png Figure 3. The maximum field indicates direction of propagation, i.e. vector-loops are perpendicular to local isochrone (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-direction-of-propagation-orthogonal-to-isochrone-1qnf5h9z.png Figure 2. A) Direction of propagation (orthogonal to isochrone) was compared with the direction (direction of maximum field ). B) Determination of intraand extracellular time marker . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tissue-sheet-with-insulation-in-between-ct-and-pm-nzt8cal3.png Figure 1. A) Tissue sheet with insulation (IN) between CT and PM and stimulus site (STIM). B) For the computation of we mapped the mesh onto . A-E and a-g: observation sites. https://scispace.com/papers/computer-tomography-ct-for-head-injury-adherence-to-the-3wftsmfm7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-taken-to-scan-and-to-report-the-ct-scan-of-the-277qdv8z.png Table 3; Time taken to scan and to report the CT scan of the head. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/computing-repairs-for-constraint-violations-in-uml-ocl-4qu1dys1dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-our-approach-2kxvxjcb.png Figure 2: Overview of our approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-execution-time-in-seconds-for-new-rental-insertion-5gxilgdh.png Table 1: Execution time in seconds for new rental insertion https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-execution-time-in-seconds-for-deleting-a-rental-6uha0wmc.png Table 2: Execution time in seconds for deleting a rental https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-uml-ocl-schema-for-the-domain-of-medical-drugs-38xgebw9.png Figure 1: A UML/OCL schema for the domain of medical drugs taken by people https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eu-car-rental-ocluniv-results-for-random-insertions-3lsy8t7j.png Table 3: EU-Car Rental OCLUNIV results for random insertions/deletions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oclfo-ocluniv-and-ocl-lite-relations-2rj1w0nn.png Figure 3: OCLFO, OCLUNIV and OCL-Lite relations https://scispace.com/papers/conceptual-software-reliability-prediction-models-for-48ylhnli09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-requirements-phase-bbn-model-1k38gga5.png Figure 7. Requirements Phase BBN Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-use-of-measures-in-the-bbn-model-1vnjkbb8.png Table 2. Use of measures in the BBN model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-process-and-product-quality-on-1dgxh1q5.png Figure 3. Influence of Process and Product Quality on Observable Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measure-use-in-the-combinatorial-model-34oscvy0.png Table 3 Measure Use in the Combinatorial Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measures-selected-for-consideration-in-reliability-1g2sufdc.png Table 1. Measures selected for consideration in reliability estimation by the Task 1 study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-shape-of-function-for-combination-of-two-quality-2l7p2wfq.png Figure 15. Shape of function for combination of two quality factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-process-quality-factor-input-metrics-fykuphwq.png Table B.1 Process quality factor input metrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-quality-function-384hm9hg.png Figure 14. Quality function https://scispace.com/papers/concurrent-design-of-energy-management-and-vehicle-stability-32merq06zx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-powertrain-working-modes-2yowcj6l.png TABLE IV Powertrain Working Modes https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nomenclature-183o1c2v.png TABLE I NOMENCLATURE https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-fuel-consumption-comparison-over-ftp75-cycle-ue9j5coi.png TABLE V Fuel Consumption Comparison over FTP75 Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wheel-slip-comparison-of-concurrent-and-traction-2qxni64a.png Fig. 4. Wheel slip comparison of concurrent and traction controllers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fuel-rate-comparison-of-concurrent-and-em-controllers-3corb9mf.png Fig. 5. Fuel rate comparison of concurrent and EM controllers https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-vehicle-parameters-1pawqdfu.png TABLE II VEHICLE PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bicycle-model-used-in-12-2lz1skoy.png Fig. 1. Bicycle model used in [12] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-powertrain-working-modes-2ef9eynr.png TABLE III Powertrain Working Modes https://scispace.com/papers/concise-asymmetric-synthesis-of-new-enantiomeric-c-alkyl-25tzmej3y7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-nn-dnj-orange-and-ifg-pink-with-best-155ndhww.png Figure 5. Comparison of NN-DNJ (orange) and IFG (pink) with best poses of 2 calculated with the P2-GPU docking protocol. LYS346 residue is displayed with ball and stick representation. Three binding modes of 2 with similar docking scores are shown depending of the heterocyclic core location: in front of the active site (yellow), far from the active site (maroon) and an intermediate position (cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-ifg-nn-dnj-2-and-ent-2-on-lysosomal-b-1lbowuym.png Figure 6. Effect of IFG, NN-DNJ, 2 and ent-2 on lysosomal β-GCase activity after 72 h in N370S fibroblasts (A) F01 pAS (B) F02 pAS and compared to untreated cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-typical-interaction-networks-of-hydrogen-bonds-vgvbkey3.png Figure 4. Typical interaction networks of hydrogen bonds, after docking (one pose issued from figure 3 per image) in the case of NN-DNJ (white), compound ent-2 (cyan) and 2 (dark blue) relative to the co-crystallized ligands NN-DNJ (orange) and IFG (pink). Distance values (yellow) in ångströms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-best-poses-p1-opt-docking-protocol-of-nn-dnj-white-2zy3q8uq.png Figure 3. Best poses (P1-OPT docking protocol) of NN-DNJ (white, left), compound ent-2 (cyan, middle) and 2 (dark blue, right) in the active site of β-GCase (PDB code 2NSX, chain B). Left : IFG (pink) is the co-crystallized ligand (PDB code 2NSX), NN-DNJ (orange) is the co-crystallized ligand (PDB code 2V3E); LYS346 and GLU340 behind the molecular surface or clipping plane. Middle and right : the chain fluctuations are illustrated with the best poses of 2 and ent-2 (similar docking scores). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-the-chirality-and-of-the-hydroxymethyl-296j31dz.png Figure 1. Impact of the chirality and of the hydroxymethyl removal on the β-GCase inhibition and the chaperone ability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multiple-inhibition-of-b-gcase-by-compounds-2-and-203xp3p0.png Figure 2. Multiple inhibition of β-GCase by compounds 2 and ent-2. (A) Lack of competition between compound 2 and NN-DNJ ; (B) competition between ent-2 and NNDNJ. https://scispace.com/papers/concurrence-of-the-strengths-and-difficulties-questionnaire-4wck1uyu5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proportions-of-participants-scoring-above-and-below-1yhexjmj.png Table 3 Proportions of participants scoring above and below the DBC-P and SDQ cut-offs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-agreement-between-sdq-and-dbc-p-cut-off-scores-bntkk5u0.png Table 2 Agreement between SDQ and DBC-P cut-off scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dbc-p-and-sdq-total-raw-score-and-sub-scale-raw-z94bnymj.png Table 1 DBC-P and SDQ total raw score and sub-scale raw scores https://scispace.com/papers/concurrent-fault-detection-for-a-multiple-plane-packet-4brferc7yp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scheme-2-bit-distribution-on-planes-with-bit-3oqscgpr.png Fig. 8. Scheme 2: bit distribution on planes with bit complements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-example-of-detectable-and-non-detectable-2uuc8dp0.png TABLE II EXAMPLE OF DETECTABLE AND NON-DETECTABLE COMBINATIONS FOR SCHEME 1 WITH n = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-example-of-detectable-and-non-detectable-1o1syf07.png TABLE III EXAMPLE OF DETECTABLE AND NON-DETECTABLE COMBINATIONS FOR SCHEME 2 WITH n = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-failure-probability-of-schemes-2-and-3-in-function-2d2tvx26.png Fig. 11. Failure probability of Schemes 2 and 3 in function ofn andp(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-failure-probability-for-scheme-1-in-function-ofn-andp-2bqwaz3e.png Fig. 10. Failure probability for Scheme 1 in function ofn andp(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-input-joint-logic-of-a-connection-of-all-inputs-to-one-2yxp6pd1.png Fig. 2. Input joint: logic of a connection of all inputs to one output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-schemes-1-2-and-3-1tpd2hjt.png Fig. 12. Comparison of schemes 1, 2, and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-example-of-detectable-and-non-detectable-2lqs7s9c.png TABLE IV EXAMPLE OF DETECTABLE AND NON-DETECTABLE COMBINATIONS FOR SCHEME 3 WITH n = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/concurrent-training-followed-by-detraining-does-the-50g29cwml1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-changes-in-selected-neuromuscular-performance-29dcre5i.png Table 4. Changes in selected neuromuscular performance variables from pre-training to post-training and detraining period for MLG. Post 1 vs. Post 2 Post 1 vs. Post 3 Post 2 vs. Post 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-changes-in-selected-neuromuscular-performance-a5qa1t33.png Table 5. Changes in selected neuromuscular performance variables from pre-training to post-training and detraining period for HLG. Post 1 vs. Post 2 Post 1 vs. Post 3 Post 2 vs. Post 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-changes-in-performance-variables-a-t10-b-3gsmv1qn.png Figure 1. Relative changes in performance variables (A: T10; B: T20; C: CMJ; D: 1RMest; E: VO2max) from baseline in the low-load (LLG), moderat -load (MLG), high-load (HLG) and control group. Error bars represent 90% of confidence interval of changes from baseline to post-training and baseline to detraining. Statistically significant differences respect to CG: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-1jp7gh7q.png Table 1. Subject characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-training-program-performed-by-2gr0as2j.png Table 2. Characteristics of the training program performed by the LLG, MLG and HLG groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-changes-in-selected-neuromuscular-performance-393i0r6w.png Table 6. Changes in selected neuromuscular performance variables from initial evaluation (pre) to final evaluation (post) between groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-selected-neuromuscular-performance-1vyxc6ln.png Table 3. Changes in selected neuromuscular performance variables from pre-training to post-training and detraining period for LLG. Post 1 vs. Post 2 Post 1 vs. Post 3 Post 2 vs. Post 3 https://scispace.com/papers/concurrent-libraries-with-foresight-2yp4kjsxxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-throughput-of-gossiprouter-1aq4h44f.png Figure 11. Throughput of GossipRouter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-throughput-of-computeifabsent-fbkkv1fv.png Figure 9. Throughput of ComputeIfAbsent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-base-procedures-of-the-example-maps-library-1jpy3hdy.png Figure 5. Base procedures of the example Maps library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-specification-of-the-counter-library-i-denotes-the-16icpbb0.png Figure 1. Specification of the Counter library. I denotes the initial value of the counter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compositions-of-counter-dependent-operations-2nmz6cs9.png Figure 3. Compositions of counter dependent operations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-execution-prefixes-of-the-code-shown-in-fig-2-for-a-1qad6xjz.png Figure 4. Execution prefixes of the code shown in Fig. 2, for a counter with I = 0. Each node represents a prefix of an execution; a leaf node represents a complete execution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simple-compositions-of-counter-operations-wiahj6vs.png Figure 2. Simple compositions of counter operations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-annotated-mayuse-procedures-of-the-example-library-134dgq03.png Figure 6. Annotated mayUse procedures of the example library. https://scispace.com/papers/condition-monitoring-and-damage-location-of-wind-turbine-32okw2uuf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-data-used-for-verification-3s9lwd9d.png Table 1. The data used for verification. https://scispace.com/papers/condition-monitoring-of-wind-turbines-based-on-amplitude-3f4w51j2ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-non-balanced-system-fault-detector-for-healthy-and-xwihipp4.png TABLE II NON-BALANCED SYSTEM: FAULT DETECTOR FOR HEALTHY AND FAULTY GENERATORS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-faulty-machine-generator-time-representation-of-the-3el9r008.png Fig. 6. Faulty machine generator: Time representation of the envelopes after CT and HT demodulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-non-balanced-system-under-non-stationary-condition-92fbbh4y.png Fig. 4. Non-balanced system under non-stationary condition- Faulty machine. Time representation of the envelopes after CT and HT demodulation (𝛽 = 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-setup-3na1y0nt.png Fig. 5. Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-balanced-system-faulty-machine-time-representation-3dwigaxh.png Fig. 3. Non-balanced system - Faulty machine. Time representation of the envelopes after CT and HT demodulation (𝛽 = 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-representation-of-the-stator-current-0-for-a-xzmlkjlq.png Fig. 1. Time representation of the stator current 𝑖0(𝑛) for a faulty machine (𝛽 = 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fault-detector-for-healthy-and-faulty-generators-fg0emirr.png TABLE I FAULT DETECTOR FOR HEALTHY AND FAULTY GENERATORS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-balanced-system-faulty-machine-time-representation-of-11rtbbvr.png Fig. 2. Balanced system- Faulty machine. Time representation of the envelopes after CT and HT demodulation (𝛽 = 0.2). https://scispace.com/papers/conditional-cash-transfers-and-shocks-evidence-from-the-pdxy6mx405 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bandwidths-by-province-3azhiwh1.png Table 4: Bandwidths by Province https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-shows-that-for-two-out-of-the-three-bandwidths-3suqo9x8.png Table 10 shows that for two out of the three bandwidths estimated using sharp RD, we find some evidence that CCT recipient households that are exposed to shocks may relatively decrease their proportion of household expenditures allotted for adult commodities such as alcohol and tobacco by about 1.2 percentage points. For all three bandwidths, fuzzy RD estimates indicate that on average, CCT beneficiary households https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-program-implementation-among-households-crcgtryt.png Table 1: Program implementation among households https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-poverty-status-and-cct-benefits-3kwavlku.png Table 2: Poverty status and CCT benefits https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-poor-households-by-province-20ezd6ol.png Table 3: Distribution of poor households by province https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shows-that-on-average-households-that-receive-ccts-352rmibe.png Table 6 shows that on average, households that receive CCTs are over 60 percentage points more likely to participate in family development programs such as parenting sessions, relative to households that do not receive CCTs. https://scispace.com/papers/conditional-conservatism-and-the-cost-of-equity-capital-1ufbasaj2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-con-portfolio-returns-by-size-book-to-market-and-39lhboqk.png TABLE 6. CON Portfolio Returns by Size, Book-to-Market, and Total Accruals https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-conditional-conservatism-i55l9fix.png TABLE 1. Descriptive Statistics for Conditional Conservatism and Firm Characteristic Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-differences-in-cash-flow-news-adjusted-excess-25uhuvms.png FIGURE 1. Mean Differences in Cash Flow News Adjusted Excess Return for CON-Sorted Hedging Portfolios by Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-con-sorted-portfolio-analysis-for-average-monthly-1o1ke0ce.png TABLE 2. CON-Sorted Portfolio Analysis for Average Monthly Cash Flow News Adjusted Excess Return, Alphas, Momentum, Total Accrual, and Accrual Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-con-sorted-portfolio-analysis-and-fama-macbeth-asfp6sc5.png TABLE 5. CON-Sorted Portfolio Analysis and Fama-MacBeth Regression of Cash Flow News Adjusted Excess Return on Conditional Conservatism, Information Risk, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sox-and-fama-macbeth-regressions-of-cash-flow-news-35mmzhtp.png TABLE 8. SOX and Fama-MacBeth Regressions of Cash Flow News Adjusted Excess Return on Conditional Conservatism and Firm Characteristics with Industry Dummies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fama-macbeth-regressions-of-monthly-cash-flow-news-3beckmqi.png TABLE 3. Fama-MacBeth Regressions of Monthly Cash Flow News Adjusted Excess Return on Conditional Conservatism and Other Firm Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-con-portfolio-analysis-for-cash-flow-news-adjusted-3gnohme4.png TABLE 7. CON Portfolio Analysis for Cash Flow News Adjusted Excess Return by Year https://scispace.com/papers/conditioning-electrical-impedance-mammography-system-2mnxxj0eek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-of-the-proposed-grounded-inductor-using-3cb370g1.png Fig. 5. A schematic of the proposed grounded inductor using two stages of OCCIIs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-shows-a-signal-flow-graph-sfg-of-the-gic-functionality-378fiwl6.png Fig. 6. Shows a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) of the GIC functionality https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-diagram-shows-the-dcp-schematic-circuit-and-the-ts1aouq7.png Fig. 7. The diagram shows the DCP schematic circuit and the Trim-pot and digital-pot network as an equivalent circuit for a grounded resistor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-planar-e-phantom-with-an-85-electrode-array-using-370sfmg0.png Fig. 12. (a) Planar E-phantom with an 85 electrode array using hexagonal pattern. (b) and (c) A result of the EIM image using an E-Phantom over the frequency range of 10 kHz to 3MHz within three RSC models of fat (at 9 o’clock), stroma (at 2 o’clock) and carcinoma (at 5 o’clock). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-a-result-of-the-output-impedance-zo-when-cancelling-316a04u7.png Fig. 11. (a) A result of the output impedance (ZO) when cancelling unwanted capacitive effects of the EIM system over the frequency range of 1MHz to 3 MHz, (b) Phase responses measured over frequency range of 1 MHz - 3 MHz and phase responses measured over a load range of 1kΩ − 5kΩ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-a-perfect-current-source-connected-to-the-output-22z9omkm.png Fig. 10. (a) A perfect current source connected to the output point of the current excitation and measuring the AC voltage, where in 1st test is grounded then in the 2nd test used a Vin=1V as a input voltage to obtain 1mA output current (b) a perfect AC current source with output resistance (RO) and output capacitance (CO) and measuring the AC voltage to obtain equivalent value of the output impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-single-source-sussex-eim-system-1b6fxxec.png Fig. 1. Overview of the single source Sussex EIM system regarding the Sussex 85 planar electrode structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-sussex-eim-custom-single-circuit-board-includes-16wx6vq0.png Fig. 8. The Sussex EIM custom single circuit board includes all the analogue subsystems. The figures show the bottom and the top sides and measurement tank 180 mm dia., open top surface, 5mm thick acrylic walls and the clinical bed. An 85 electrode planar plate at the top side of the EIM board is directly connected to a breast immersed in a measurement tank. https://scispace.com/papers/conditions-for-thermally-induced-all-optical-switching-in-1xk10kzzrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reversal-probability-for-tbxco1-x-alloys-heated-with-32lmvpfx.png FIG. 4. Reversal probability for TbxCo1−x alloys heated with different laser pump fluences. The color legend indicates the reversal probability with yellow and blue pixels reflecting the cases where there is magnetization switching or not, respectively. Upper a) and lower b) panels correspond to 50 fs and 400 fs laser pulse durations, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-degree-of-magnetization-quenching-z-component-of-the-1volfyrq.png FIG. 3. Degree of magnetization quenching (z component) of the reduced magnetization (mz) of Co 10 ps after the pulse for different compositions of TbCo, pump fluences, and laser pulse durations (a) 50 fs, (b) 400 fs, and (c) 1 ps. The green color indicates approximately the region with deterministic reversal.The numbers in the upper horizontal axis indicate maximum electronic temperature achieved in the integration of the 2T model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-curie-temperature-tc-and-the-compensation-temperature-1otfrftb.png FIG. 1. Curie temperature TC and the compensation temperature TM as a function of Tb concentration x. Triangular point ( / ) symbols represent the results from atomistic spin dynamics (ASD) simulations with the parameters from Table I. Circles ( / ) represent the experimental values extracted from Ref. [17]. As the simulations begin at room temperature the white background is the concentration region where TM is not reachable with the laser heating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-magnetization-dynamics-curves-corresponding-1sah7px0.png FIG. 2. Different magnetization dynamics curves corresponding to various pump fluences for Tb32Co68 and a pulse duration of 50 fs. The reduced magnetization mz = Mz/Ms is the magnetization of the individual sublattice divided by the value of that sublattice if all spins were ordered (the zero K case). https://scispace.com/papers/conditions-that-impact-the-complexity-of-qos-routing-4iwan0a155 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expected-queue-size-for-the-class-g-n-with-m-2-zwv42o5e.png Fig. 4. Expected queue size for the class G (N), with m = 2 uniformly distributed correlated link weights, as a function of the number of nodesN and the correlation coefficient . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-hopcount-for-the-class-g-n-with-m-2-uniformly-39eq0d3t.png Fig. 5. Expected hopcount for the class G (N), with m = 2 uniformly distributed correlated link weights, as a function of the number of nodesN and the correlation coefficient . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-assignment-of-link-weights-to-the-links-between-nodes-3kb7sg67.png Fig. 1. Assignment of link weights to the links between nodes i and i+ 1, in a chain topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expected-queue-size-for-different-topology-classes-as-9zzm5kyj.png Fig. 6. Expected queue size for different topology classes as a function of the number of nodes N , with m = 2 independent ( = 0) uniformly distributed link weights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-expected-queue-size-in-the-class-of-two-dimensional-24lymtes.png Fig. 7. Expected queue size in the class of two-dimensional lattices as a function of the number of nodes N and correlation coefficient . The m = 2 link weights were uniformly distributed and the source and destination nodes were chosen in opposite corners. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-contour-plot-of-the-queue-size-in-a-two-dimensional-ztdpidri.png Fig. 11. Contour plot of the queue size in a two-dimensional lattice, with correlated uniformly distributed link weights, N = 49, = 1, and 10 different constraint vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-contour-plot-of-the-queue-size-in-a-two-dimensional-3gb3ophl.png Fig. 12. Contour plot of the queue size in a two-dimensional lattice, with uniformly distributed link weights, N = 400; = 0, and 10 different constraint vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chain-topology-with-two-qos-weights-per-link-and-n-32smendp.png Fig. 2. Chain topology with two QoS weights per link and N nodes in total. https://scispace.com/papers/conducting-mechanism-in-the-epitaxial-p-type-transparent-5d7xitcnck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-decrease-in-w-with-increasing-mg-17vsp73d.png FIG. 8. (Color online) The decrease in W with increasing Mg concentration as determined by XPS. Square symbols ( ) represent samples grown from the Cr metal source, while triangles ( ) indicate those grown from the ceramic Cr2O3 source. Circles (•) indicate Cr metal source samples postannealed, and inverted triangles ( ) are postannealed samples grown from the ceramic Cr2O3 source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-conductivity-was-measured-as-a-340oqhzi.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The conductivity was measured as a function of temperature for postannealed samples with different doping concentration (6–10%) over the 300–200 K temperature range. Both the SPH model and Arrhenius model are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-representative-data-of-the-seebeck-voltage-as-a-3klql407.png FIG. 9. Representative data of the Seebeck voltage as a function of temperature gradient T . The negative slope indicates a positive Seebeck coefficient. Inset shows a Seebeck voltage over a large T . The Seebeck coefficient was determined by linear fits using S = − V/ T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-seebeck-mobility-as-a-function-of-mg-cr-fe2q3314.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Seebeck mobility as a function of Mg/Cr ratio. Squares ( ) indicate Cr metal source samples postannealed, and triangles ( ) are postannealed samples grown from the ceramic Cr2O3 source. Higher mobility was observed for the Cr2O3 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-hexagonal-unit-cell-of-cr2o3-with-the-a-3r3aeg7p.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Hexagonal unit cell of Cr2O3 with the a and c lattice directions indicated. Red spheres indicate O atoms, while the cyan spheres are Cr atoms. (b) TEM image of epitaxial Cr2O3 (0001) along the [21̄1̄0] zone axis. A misfit dislocation is highlighted in the top right corner. The inset shows a selected area electron diffraction pattern where the orientation of the film can be seen clearly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-conductivity-vs-mg-cr-ratio-the-inset-3cq8h8p0.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Conductivity vs Mg/Cr ratio. The inset shows the conductivity increase with postannealing temperature for a two hour anneal in oxygen. The preanneal Mg/Cr ratio was 4% for these samples. Square symbols ( ) represent samples grown from the Cr metal source, while triangles ( ) indicate those grown from the ceramic Cr2O3 source. Circles (•) indicate Cr metal source samples postannealed, and inverted triangles ( ) are postannealed samples grown from the ceramic Cr2O3 source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-rsm-for-a-pre-a-and-postannealed-b-sample-8yr0hiq1.png FIG. 3. (Color online) RSM for a pre- (a) and postannealed (b) sample with 120 nm thickness. No major changes are evident, and the films grow in a relaxed manner, as indicated by the displacement of the substrate and film peaks. The qx value corresponding to the sapphire a lattice parameter is shown with the white dotted line. There is some mosaicity in (a), highlighted by the dashed rectangle that generates the additional small peaks to the lower right of the sapphire reflex. This was also present in the out-of-plane scan (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-xrd-pattern-of-120-nm-thick-cr2o3-film-on-2br5909m.png FIG. 2. (Color online) XRD pattern of 120 nm thick Cr2O3 film on sapphire. The effect of postannealing is compared, and only a minor shift in the 2θ reflex of Cr2O3 (006) is observed. Note the small peak near the sapphire main reflex. This is due to the mosaicity of the substrate. https://scispace.com/papers/cone-excitation-ratios-correlate-with-color-discrimination-22m34tio65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cone-excitation-ratios-for-each-of-the-training-1nab1y7t.png Figure 5. Cone excitation ratios for each of the training colors (C1–C15). The ratio of cone excitation for the achromatic stimuli is constant (S 0.3354 M–L) and is represented by the line through the ratio values for each of the grays, which are plotted as unlabeled dots. Colors that fall above this line are short wavelength colors; those below the line are medium-long wavelength colors. The closer the cone excitation ratio is to the achromatic line, the less its appearance will differ from gray to the horse. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-component-colors-and-order-of-presentation-of-the-2qvn127x.png Table 1 Component Colors and Order of Presentation of the Color Sets Used in the Transfer Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-correlation-between-the-extent-to-which-the-cone-1ar7gp57.png Figure 9. Correlation between the extent to which the cone excitation ratios of each of the trained colors (C1–C15) differed from that of the grays and the mean number of trials taken to reach the learning criterion of 10 consecutive correct choices with each color. The correlation of the short wavelength colors is shown separately from that of the medium-long wavelength colors. Trend lines are included to illustrate the relative extent of the correlation of the two groups of colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-of-the-stimulus-cards-with-the-dimensions-of-23q3pg43.png Figure 1. Design of the stimulus cards, with the dimensions of the individual panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-number-of-trials-taken-to-reach-the-learning-3ios0wrc.png Figure 6. Mean number of trials taken to reach the learning criterion of 10 consecutive correct choices for each color (C1–C15). The colors depicted in the histogram are approximations to the test colors used. Error bars are upper 95% confidence intervals. The values for Groups 1 and 2 were combined to show performance in relation to the individual colors, regardless of the order in which they were trained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-total-number-of-trials-taken-to-reach-the-2m0as9sr.png Figure 7. The total number of trials taken to reach the learning criterion of 10 consecutive correct choices with each color by the individual horses in Group 1 (A) as compared with those in Group 2 (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-number-of-trials-taken-to-reach-the-learning-2hc6gu7o.png Figure 8. Mean number of trials taken to reach the learning criterion of 10 consecutive correct choices for the final color trained (C1–C15), for each of the pretrained color sets (S1–S5) and for the novel color sets (NS1 and NS2). Error bars are upper 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/confined-polydiacetylene-polymerization-reactions-for-1kdtf3rso7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-stm-image-of-self-assembled-pcda-precursors-at-the-1-2zbfapjz.png Fig. 2 (a) STM image of self-assembled PCDA precursors at the 1- phenyloctane–HOPG interface (Vs = 0.8 V, It = 100 pA). (b) Tentative model of the molecular organization of PCDA monomers on HOPG. (c) STM image of a polydiacetylene molecule created by applying an electrical pulse to a self-assembled network of PCDA (Vs = 0.5 V, It = 300 pA). (d) Tentative molecular model corresponding to the STM image in (c). Inset shows how the polydiacetylene backbone is raised from the surface. https://scispace.com/papers/confinement-and-local-transport-in-the-national-spherical-2zo9zwcbgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-q-profile-comparisons-for-discharge-with-low-16rexjkq.png Figure 9: (a) q-profile comparisons for discharge with low central magnetic shear (blue) and strong reversed magnetic shear (red). (b) Electron (solid) and ion (dashed) temperature profiles for discharges shown in (a). (c) Electron (solid) and ion (dashed) thermal diffusivities for the discharges shown in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-normalized-density-fluctuation-amplitudes-ne-ne-as-3968xjxd.png Figure 14: Normalized density fluctuation amplitudes ñe/ne as a function of time for a discharge that transitioned from L- to H-mode, and then back to L-mode. The density fluctuations were measured by a tangentially viewing microwave scattering diagnostic. The diagnostic measures kr from the upper ITG/TEM range up to the ETG range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-results-from-a-non-linear-fluid-calculation-with-20srsoqj.png Figure 13: Results from a non-linear fluid calculation with finite Larmor radius corrections of the 0.35 T discharge at r/a=0.55. The calculation shows the formation of radial streamers with radial extents of 200ρe (∼ 2 cm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-khe-as-a-function-of-khe-gyrobohm-for-a-collection-3ra7h88m.png Figure 18: χe as a function of χe,GyroBohm for a collection of NSTX H-mode discharges at r/a=0.65. The blue shaded region indicates the theoretically expected range of chie that would be consistent with ETG-driven transport (5 to 20 times χe,GyroBohm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-linear-growth-rates-from-gs2-as-a-function-of-1kkgbgq4.png Figure 17: (a) Linear growth rates from GS2 as a function of kθρs for the weak magnetic central shear discharge (blue) and strongly reversed magnetic shear discharge (red) showing the difference in the range of unstable microtearing modes at r/a=0.28. (b) Time history showing the saturation of the non-linear electron heat flux driven by ETG modes as computed by GYRO at r/a=0.6 for the strong magnetic shear case. The brown shaded region indicates the range of electron heat flux values inferred from transport analysis (TRANSP) for r/a=0.55 to 0.65. The results for the weak magnetic shear discharge at this radius are similar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-red-and-thermal-blue-energy-confinement-times-2uvx1mfw.png Figure 2: Total (red) and thermal (blue) energy confinement times vs BT for the toroidal field scan at constant current, density and heating power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-linear-growth-rates-as-a-function-of-kthrs-for-polf6025.png Figure 12: Linear growth rates as a function of kθρs for three discharges in the BT scan as computed by GS2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-red-and-thermal-blue-energy-confinement-times-56ogcxrw.png Figure 3: Total (red) and thermal (blue) energy confinement times vs Ip for the plasma current scan at constant toroidal field, density and heating power. https://scispace.com/papers/conflict-ontology-enrichment-based-on-triggers-4699ftn6ky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-extract-of-our-conflict-ontology-1mjheclw.png Figure 2. An extract of our conflict ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-microadvertising-1zbpqa7r.png Figure 3. An example of microadvertising https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-e-mail-corpus-3406sj51.png Table 1. The e-mail corpus https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-newspaper-corpus-rmej7y0c.png Table 2. The newspaper corpus https://scispace.com/papers/congestion-management-in-the-nordic-power-market-counter-48uf6ijqbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-constrained-dispatch-c-24-10-2mjennq2.png Figure 3: Constrained Dispatch, C 24 = 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constrained-dispatch-c12-51-c45-11-9r256s2b.png Figure 2: Constrained Dispatch: C12=51, C45=11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unconstrained-dispatch-15d087a3.png Figure 1: Unconstrained Dispatch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alternative-zones-with-c12-51-and-c45-11-13ydayen.png Figure 5: Alternative Zones with C12=51 and C45=11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-zonal-pricing-two-zones-29vrzt9t.png Figure 8: Zonal Pricing (two zones) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-constrained-dispatch-c78-90-fskels2v.png Figure 7: Constrained Dispatch C78 = 90 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cost-and-demand-parameters-twci3tkx.png Table 1: Cost and Demand Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prices-for-node-8-in-different-solutions-2e7bvkht.png Table 4: Prices for Node 8 in Different Solutions https://scispace.com/papers/conformational-changes-in-heme-proteins-and-model-compounds-2406kvqco7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quadrupole-splitting-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-2rld34j6.png FIG. 2. - Quadrupole splitting as a function of temperature for the heme proteins and model compounds mentioned in the text. The data for cytochrome P 450 where taken from reference [9]. https://scispace.com/papers/coniferyl-alcohol-radical-detection-by-the-dirigent-protein-5a3jursxtz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-room-temperature-epr-spectra-of-coniferyl-alcohol-33p9jysr.png Figure 1: Room temperature EPR spectra of coniferyl alcohol and AtDIR6 under continuous photo-irradiation. Deoxygenated acetate buffered (100 10-3 M pH 5.5) 0.75 10-3 M (dashed blue line) or 1.6 10-3 M (solid black line) solutions of CA in the presence of 0.5 10-3 M AtDIR6. Controls: 1.6 10-3 M of CA (dotted blue line); 0.35 10-3 M AtDIR6 (solid green line). Irradiation conditions: white light (200<l<800 nm) lamp 200 W, 20% of nominal power. Microwave Power : 0.6325 mW; Modulation amplitude: 1 G ; Receiver Gain : 90 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-separation-of-coniferyl-alcohol-dimerization-mke57vwj.png Figure 2: Separation of coniferyl alcohol dimerization products by HPLC. Oxidation of CA under irradiation (UV light) in the absence (red trace) or presence (black trace) of AtDIR6 (conditions are those of Fig. 1). BEN = https://scispace.com/papers/conjoint-influence-of-mind-wandering-and-sleepiness-on-task-wah411470o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-error-bars-represent-the-standard-errors-of-the-ioneq4zu.png Figure 2. Error bars represent the standard errors of the means. KSS = Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; TRI = task-related interference; ED = external distraction; MW = mind-wandering; Abs. = absence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-error-bars-represent-the-standard-errors-of-the-1qgoum1u.png Figure 1. Error bars represent the standard errors of the means. KSS = Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. https://scispace.com/papers/conjugators-of-fuchsian-groups-and-quasiplatonic-surfaces-3wp4hhfwad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vi-the-ten-groups-of-type-3-8-8-contained-inside-a-1qw7y4bq.png Figure 3: vi. The ten groups of type ∆(3, 8, 8) contained inside a given ∆(2, 3, 8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vi-the-two-2-3-8-groups-containing-a-given-3-8-8-1b3obchy.png Figure 2: vi. The two ∆(2, 3, 8) groups containing a given ∆(3, 8, 8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-three-step-inclusion-4-8-8-2-3-8-1ik0mddl.png Figure 4: The three-step inclusion: ∆(4, 8, 8) < ∆(2, 3, 8). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conjugators-of-the-fundamental-inclusions-of-188ihvwo.png Table 1: Conjugators of the fundamental inclusions of triangle groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inclusions-related-to-the-exceptional-case-n-3-fwpv6496.png Figure 5: Inclusions related to the exceptional case n = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i-the-inclusion-n-n-n-3-3-n-in-the-case-n-4-7s2tgltp.png Figure 1: i) The inclusion ∆(n, n, n) < ∆(3, 3, n) in the case n = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/conjugated-linoleic-acid-cla-body-fat-and-apoptosis-4wak6d9qkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heat-loss-trial-1-in-the-fasted-state-genetic-line-5upg2748.png Figure 1. Heat loss, Trial 1. In the fasted state, genetic line (p < 0.01) and genetic line by CLA interaction (p < 0.02) are significant, but CLA is not (p > 0.5). In the refed state, line is significant (p < 0.01); CLA (p = 0.13) and line by CLA interaction (p > 0.5) are not significant. SEM was 22 and 18 for fasted and refed states, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-apoptosis-in-retroperitoneal-fat-pads-effect-of-cla-394d8yyc.png Figure 4. Apoptosis in retroperitoneal fat pads. Effect of CLA pooled across Trials 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). From left to right, bars represent data from 9, 12, 7, 6, and 7 animals. SE is 0.19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trial-2-weight-of-brown-bat-epididymal-epi-12dp1wgu.png Figure 3. Trial 2, weight of brown (BAT), epididymal (EPI), retroperitoneal (RP), and subcutaneous (SC) fat pads and of the liver (scaled to 10% of actual weight) and heart as influenced by 2% CLA fed for either 0, 5, or 14 days. *CLA effect (p < 0.01). Error bars represent SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trial-1-weight-of-brown-bat-epididymal-epi-and-3rpf7fa8.png Figure 2. Trial 1, weight of brown (BAT), epididymal (EPI), and retroperitoneal (RP) fat pads and of the liver (scaled to 10% of actual weight) as influenced by line (top) and dietary CLA (bottom). Genetic line affected all tissues (p < 0.01). **CLA effect (p < 0.01). *CLA effect (p < 0.10). Genetic line by CLA interaction was not significant for all tissues (p > 0.5). Error bars represent SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heat-loss-in-fasted-and-refed-mice-as-influenced-by-1j23jlgj.png Table 1. Heat loss in fasted and refed mice as influenced by genetic line and dietary CLA expressed on a 24-hour basis either per animal, per body weight (kg), or per exponent of body weight (kg75) in Trial 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-feed-intake-grams-per-day-expressed-either-per-3k2lg5ne.png Table 2. Feed intake (grams per day) expressed either per animal, per body weight (kg), or per exponent of body weight (kg75) in Trial 1. https://scispace.com/papers/connecting-galactic-outflows-and-star-formation-inferences-cguqu8yfto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-masses-and-star-formation-rates-3fgr25l1.png Table 1 Galaxy Masses and Star Formation Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-composite-spectra-constructed-from-subsets-of-wrb84spz.png Figure 8. Composite spectra constructed from subsets of galaxies based on the galaxy properties of Figure 1. The left column of panels shows Fe II transitions at ∼2600 Å, while the right column shows the Mg II λλ2796, 2804 doublet. From top to bottom, composite spectra are binned by stellar mass, SFR, specific SFR, and SFR surface density. The color scheme is the same as Figure 1, with red and blue corresponding to the low and high respective subsamples of a particular quantity. Uncertainties are shown as faded bars behind the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-from-left-to-right-we-plot-the-stellar-mass-star-1wymzz5z.png Figure 5. From left to right, we plot the stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate, and star formation rate surface density against Fe II (orange triangles) and Mg II λ2796 (blue circles) equivalent widths. As described in the text, there are significant correlations between the Mg II EW and SFR, Mg II EW and ΣSFR, and Fe II EW and ΣSFR, and a marginal correlation between Fe II EW and SFR as well. Spearman correlation coefficients and significances are shown in the plots for which there are significant correlations, color-coded by absorption line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-from-left-to-right-we-plot-the-stellar-mass-star-2fpfnhyp.png Figure 6. From left to right, we plot the stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate, and star formation rate surface density vs. the Fe II and Mg II velocity centroids Δv. The symbols are as in Figure 5, and we find no significant correlations between any of the quantities (σ 1.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-from-left-to-right-we-plot-the-stellar-mass-star-ozalw8p5.png Figure 7. From left to right, we plot the stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate, and star formation rate surface density vs. the Fe II and Mg II maximum velocity vmax, defined as the velocity where the absorption line reaches the continuum on the blue side of the line. The symbols remain the same as in Figures 5 and 6. There is a marginal correlation between SFR surface density and Mg II maximum outflow velocity (correlation coefficient and significance shown in the figure), and no other correlations are found (σ 1.9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributions-of-galaxy-properties-for-the-22-12jgwnut.png Figure 1. Distributions of galaxy properties for the 22 galaxy sample. Stellar mass (top left), star formation rate (top right), specific star formation rate (bottom left), and star formation rate surface density (bottom right) are shown. As described in Section 3.1, the full sample is split into two 11 object subsamples based on the median value of a given parameter. The blue and red histograms correspond to the low and high subsamples, respectively, from which composite spectra are formed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-2d-spectra-taken-by-the-wfc3-g141-grism-sibsj8qe.png Figure 2. Examples of 2D spectra taken by the WFC3/G141 grism on HST. The Grizli pipeline produces a fully reduced 2D spectrum (top panel) and model (middle panel), and subtracts the continuum to produce a line-only spectrum (bottom panel). On the left, COS 10318 has Hα emission visible at 1.27 μm, while COS 19180 (right) has [O III] and Hα emission lines present at 1.11 and 1.45 μm, respectively. The dark bands in the spectrum of COS 10318 are contamination from another source in the field also visible in the Hα map in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-six-representative-deimos-spectra-dark-gray-line-1h4fk0t4.png Figure 4. Six representative DEIMOS spectra (dark gray line), with the range over which significantly detected ( 3σ) absorption lines are measured overplotted in black and shaded in gray. The orange dashed line shows the total error calculated by summing the statistical and normalization uncertainties in quadrature. In the top two panels, there are only Mg II and Fe II detections. In the left figure of the middle panel, there are many Fe II lines in addition to the Mg II doublet. In the middle right, there is strong Mg II emission-line filling, which occurs significantly in all of the bottom four panels as well. In the bottom row, a noisy spectrum is shown with a correspondingly large error spectrum (especially in the 2300–2400 Å range). On the bottom right, the galaxy has high Mg II S/N but no other lines are detected. https://scispace.com/papers/connectivity-aware-routing-a-method-for-finding-bandwidth-1mgmz3xz54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bias-a-1pb4ao8q.png Figure 1. Bias α https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-base-network-topology-187z08uy.png Figure 2. The base network topology https://scispace.com/papers/connectivity-profile-laterality-in-corticostriatal-gswopmmi85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-demographics-2p8mzxm8.png Table 1. Sample Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frontal-cortical-drivers-of-laterality-3qyjv3jz.png Table 2. Frontal Cortical Drivers of Laterality https://scispace.com/papers/conoscopic-observation-of-director-reorientation-during-4k39njjtfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-symbols-and-modeled-solid-line-angle-of-1t3vjl2t.png FIG. 4. Measured symbols and modeled solid line angle of conoscopic interference figure rotation for 5CB aligned homogeneously at 0=45° to the direction of pressure driven flow. Dashed and dotted lines show modeled conoscopic figure rotation for 10% variations in 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-captured-left-column-and-modeled-right-column-dluj2a42.png FIG. 5. Captured left column and modeled right column conoscopic interference figures for 5CB aligned homogeneously at 0=45° to the direction of pressure driven flows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-schematic-diagram-of-pressure-driven-flow-1t0k9q8g.png FIG. 3. Color online Schematic diagram of pressure driven flow cell designed and constructed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-schematic-diagram-of-laser-conoscope-see-xomvfwu1.png FIG. 2. Color online Schematic diagram of laser conoscope see Ref. 15 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-a-schematic-diagram-representing-the-26hy31hv.png FIG. 1. Color online a A schematic diagram representing the difference in velocity distribution of shear flow left image and pressure driven flow right image . b Definition of two polar angles , that define director orientation. A rotation in the shear plane is characterized by an azimuthal https://scispace.com/papers/conservative-surgery-in-patients-with-multifocal-5fudau92rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-incidence-of-local-events-31f64j3i.png Fig. 1 Cumulative incidence of local events https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-events-1lxlntk9.png Table 2 Description of events https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-mortality-4ihtit79.png Fig. 2 Cumulative mortality https://scispace.com/papers/consideration-of-exposure-to-traffic-related-air-pollution-2clznqykyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-traffic-related-air-pollution-modeling-process-29zh4rul.png Fig. 1. Traffic-related air pollution modeling process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-alternative-bicycle-routes-between-uc-riverside-and-29inmoce.png Fig. 5. Alternative bicycle routes between UC Riverside and Downtown Riverside. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-weight-of-importance-wi-and-ranks-of-ie0baqvo.png Table 1 Attributes, weight of importance (wi) and ranks of alternative bicycle route segments between UC riverside and downtown riverside. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-simple-average-rank-and-b-weighted-average-rank-of-2ica8h3f.png Fig. 6. a) Simple average rank and b) weighted average rank of the alternative route segments between UCR and downtown Riverside. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-flow-vehicles-per-hour-in-the-morning-period-2h1euxh7.png Fig. 2. Total flow (vehicles per hour) in the morning period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributes-weight-of-importance-wi-and-ranks-of-8fe2i5yt.png Table 2 Attributes, weight of importance (wi) and ranks of alternative bicycle route segments around MLK high school. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-simple-average-rank-and-b-weighted-average-rank-of-20zai9ki.png Fig. 8. a) Simple average rank and b) weighted average rank of the alternative route segments on Van Buren Blvd corridor near MLK High School. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-alternative-bicycle-routes-along-van-buren-corridor-2xmak5hg.png Fig. 7. Alternative bicycle routes along Van Buren corridor around MLK High School. https://scispace.com/papers/consistency-and-confidence-a-dual-metric-for-verifying-3d-2bu7joaatu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-for-audi-positions-in-parking-lot-scan-187yvwj7.png Table 3: Measures for Audi positions in parking lot scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-confidence-consistency-evaluation-between-all-97jcx5sq.png Figure 6: Confidence/Consistency evaluation between all combinations of five automobile models. Rows: models, columns: LiDAR scans. Each dot (left to right) represents an additional scan taken from the front, driver side, rear, and passenger side viewpoints, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-consistency-function-1325g48r.png Figure 1: Diagram of consistency function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-parking-lot-scene-with-three-cars-1qol6i00.png Figure 8: Parking lot scene with three cars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-parking-lot-demonstration-a-model-registered-to-14pzgbjz.png Figure 7: Parking lot demonstration. (a) Model registered to correct position in scene. (b) Model registered to incorrect position in scene. (c) Model points at correct position colored by confidence (unseen: red, seen: green). (d) Model points at incorrect position colored by confidence (unseen: red, seen: green). (e) Scene points at correct position colored by consistency (inconsistent: red, consistent: green) (e) Scene points at incorrect position colored by consistency (inconsistent: red, consistent: green). This figure is best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-consistency-confidence-heat-maps-a-consistency-heat-3r1vu2zm.png Figure 9: Consistency/confidence heat maps. (a) Consistency heat map (b) Confidence heat map (c) Dual thresholded with consistency > 0.75 and confidence > 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consistency-example-for-3-rays-1sq8t7ot.png Figure 2: Consistency example for 3 rays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-consistency-and-confidence-values-for-varying-model-1ybo60ge.png Table 1: Consistency and confidence values for varying model positions in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/papers/conspiracism-on-social-media-an-agenda-melding-of-group-1sfqmjywxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-regression-and-predicted-probabilities-of-tz2xxip9.png Table 4. Logistic regression and predicted probabilities of believing in conspiratorial beliefs. Model including university dummies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-matrix-1g7p1syv.png Table 5. Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-and-predicted-probabilities-of-3dfv5u9k.png Table 3. Logistic regression and predicted probabilities of believing in conspiratorial beliefs. Only significant predictors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-and-predicted-probabilities-of-2ub1jamo.png Table 2. Logistic regression and predicted probabilities of believing in conspiratorial beliefs. Full model specification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-students-agreement-with-conspiratorial-based-on-2wu1dwwq.png Figure 1. Student’s agreement with conspiratorial based on their income. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-evidence-of-agreement-recorded-on-a-scale-from-2bf1rtbb.png Table 1 shows evidence of agreement recorded on a scale from 1 to 7. Those who indicated a level of agreement from 5 to 7 indicated the strongest agreement with the aforementioned conspiracy theories. Students showed their strongest agreement for the ‘cancer cure’ conspiracy (50.5%) followed by the 9/11 case (41.1%), the vaccination issue (23.7%) and the ‘chemtrails’ scenario (15.8%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-significant-marginal-effects-95-vd5et2bn.png Figure 3. Plot of the significant marginal effects. 95% Confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/consistent-semiparametric-estimators-for-recurrent-event-373sy28h7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-the-bandwidth-b-varying-in-0-11-calculation-of-nxf2atsw.png Figure 3. For the bandwidth b varying in [0.1,1] calculation of the empirical bias (left plot) and standard deviation (right plot) of N = 1000 estimates of θ0 = 0.5 for an ARA1 model (red) and an ARA∞ model (blue) with sample size n= 50 (dotted lines), n= 100 (dashed dotted lines), n= 200 (dashed lines), n= 50 (long dashed lines) for Type-I censoring with τ = s = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-for-the-bandwidth-b-varying-in-0-11-calculation-of-2u0xtldu.png Figure 4. For the bandwidth b varying in [0.1,1] calculation of the empirical bias (left plot) and standard deviation (right plot) of N = 1000 estimates of θ0 = 0.5 for an ARA1 model (red) and an ARA∞ model (blue) with sample size n= 50 (dotted lines), n= 100 (dashed dotted lines), n= 200 (dashed lines), n= 50 (long dashed lines) for Type-II censoring with k = 4 (s sufficiently large). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-for-s-varying-in-114-calculation-of-the-empirical-468wcqkr.png Figure 5. For s varying in [1,14] calculation of the empirical bias (left plot) and standard deviation (right plot) of N = 1000 estimates of θ0 = 0.5 for an ARA1 model (red) and an ARA∞ model (blue) with sample size n= 50 (dotted lines), n= 100 (dashed dotted lines), n= 200 (dashed lines), n= 50 (long dashed lines) for Type-II censoring with k = 4 and bandwidth b= 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximizers-of-the-smoothed-profile-likelihood-13axsq5k.png Figure 7. Maximizers of the smoothed profile likelihood function based on (2.4) (stars) or on (5) (circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-on-the-left-hand-side-are-the-profile-likelihood-3ldneee1.png Figure 6. On the left-hand side are the profile likelihood functions for b = 1000 (red), b = 2000 (green) and b= 3000 (blue), the vertical lines correspond to the locations of the maxima whereas the black dashed vertical line corresponds to the parametric estimate in [10]. On the right-hand side are the corresponding estimates of the baseline hazard rate function, the black dashed curve corresponds to the parametric estimator in [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-bias-left-plot-and-standard-deviation-3syyy86e.png Figure 1. Empirical bias (left plot) and standard deviation (right plot) based on N = 1000 estimates of θ0 varying in [0,1] for an ARA1 model (red) and an ARA∞ model (blue) with sample size n = 50 (dotted lines), n = 100 (dashed dotted lines), n = 200 (dashed lines), n = 400 (long dashed lines) for Type-I censoring with τ = s = 5 and bandwidth b= 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-bias-left-plot-and-standard-deviation-3d7cn754.png Figure 2. Empirical bias (left plot) and standard deviation (right plot) based on N = 1000 estimates of θ0 varying in [0,1] for an ARA1 model (red) and an ARA∞ model (blue) with sample size n = 50 (dotted lines), n = 100 (dashed dotted lines), n = 200 (dashed lines), n = 50 (long dashed lines) for Type-II censoring with k = 4 (s sufficiently large) and bandwidth b= 0.3. https://scispace.com/papers/constant-weight-gray-codes-for-local-rank-modulation-2zsd17g7c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-path-from-construction-2-over-the-canonical-3pxuwiwi.png Figure 1. The path from Construction 2 over the canonical configurations for n = 22. The unvisited configurations are surrounded by a thick frame. https://scispace.com/papers/constitutional-design-and-2014-senate-election-outcomes-2e4yp90vuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-normalized-democratic-presidential-vote-by-32ij7eky.png Figure 3 Median Normalized Democratic Presidential Vote by Senate Seat Class over Time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-normalized-democratic-presidential-vote-by-28rrtghj.png Figure 2 Mean Normalized Democratic Presidential Vote by Senate Seat Class over Time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-of-the-2014-senate-election-3h51ffw5.png Table 2 Parameter Estimates of the 2014 Senate Election Outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-party-seats-and-control-of-the-senate-1x3rac36.png Table 3 Predicted Party Seats and Control of the Senate under Different Scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalized-democratic-presidential-vote-over-time-diwfaeat.png Figure 1 Normalized Democratic Presidential Vote over Time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-normalized-democratic-presidential-vote-by-senate-iz3qy46p.png Table 1 Normalized Democratic Presidential Vote by Senate Seat Class. https://scispace.com/papers/consistent-baryon-mapping-of-quark-systems-2bln517fap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-distinct-colorless-one-triplet-states-p-2kv3rqzb.png TABLE II. Number of distinct colorless one-triplet states .p, spg ~0)S fOr a giVen tOtal P = p1 + pg + pg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-same-as-fig-1-except-that-the-hamiltonian-yobdq2a8.png FIG. 3. The same as Fig. 1 except that the Hamiltonian parameters used are 4 = 1, yq —1, and y3 —1 and the spectrum is limited to levels with E ( —5. https://scispace.com/papers/constraining-the-age-of-lateglacial-and-early-holocene-5f7pf4e4sl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calendar-age-estimates-95-confidence-intervals-for-2yqqbcgs.png Table 3 Calendar-age estimates (95% confidence intervals) for tephra horizons, local and regional pollen zone boundaries at Hässeldala port derived from age models A and B (see also Figs 4 and 5(a)–(f). BT¼Borrobol tephra, Indet¼unidentified tephra, HDT¼Hässeldala Tephra, AsT¼10-ka Askja Tephra, HÄP¼ local pollen zones, OD¼Older Dryas, AL¼Allerød, YD¼Younger Dryas, PB¼Preboreal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-of-the-local-pollen-assemblage-zones-3um807dg.png Table 1 Correlation of the local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ) at Hässeldala port, core 3 with the regional pollen stratigraphy for Blekinge, southeast Sweden (Björck, 1979; Björck and Möller, 1984). The original YD III pollen zone is now placed within the Preboreal pollen zone (Björck et al., 1996). PBO¼Preboreal Oscillation according to Björck et al. (1997) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-c-placement-of-the-14c-dates-on-the-intcal04-1fkdl51a.png Figure 5 (a)–(c) Placement of the 14C dates on the IntCal04 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2004), using the programme Bpeat (Blaauw and Christen, 2005), (a) Model A, (b) Model B, (c) Model C. Calendar-year ages were given to the dated levels as proposed by the maximum posterior densities of their chronological ordering-constrained calibrated ranges. (d)–(f) Corresponding age model, where the grey scales indicate the likelihood of calendar ages for the dated levels. Darker colours indicate more likely calendar ages. The bold curve connects the highest posterior densities of the neighbouring levels, (d) Model A, (e) Model B, (f) Model C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-age-estimates-for-the-local-pollen-zones-according-2hkzx4rh.png Figure 7 Age estimates for the local pollen zones according to models A (top panel), B (middle panel) and C (lower panel). See Fig. 3 for the pollen diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scandinavia-b-the-location-of-the-site-hasseldala-30qvfbnu.png Figure 1 (A) Scandinavia; (B) the location of the site Hässeldala port in southeast Sweden; and (C) topographic map of the site, including coring points 1–3. (B) shaded areas¼ areas above the Highest Coastline (ca. 60 m a.s.l.); dark grey¼ lakes. (C) light grey¼ lakes; dark grey¼peat bogs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-age-estimates-for-the-different-tephra-layers-11w7espg.png Figure 6 Age estimates for the different tephra layers according to age models A (top panel), B (middle panel) and C (lower panel); the black line connects the maxima of the constrained calibrated ranges. BT¼Borrobol Tephra, Indet.¼ inidentified tephra, HDT¼Hässeldala Tephra, AsT¼ 10-ka Askja Tephra https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ams-14c-measurements-along-core-2-from-hasseldala-30gqcii0.png Table 2 AMS 14C measurements along core 2 from Hässeldala port https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lithostratigraphy-and-total-organic-carbon-curves-2znexck9.png Figure 2 Lithostratigraphy and total organic carbon curves for sediment cores 1, 2 and 3 from Hässeldala port. The correlation between the three cores is based on wiggle-matching the TC curves. The cryptotephra layers found in the three sequences are indicated by dashed lines. BT¼Borrobol Tephra, Indet.¼unidentified tephra, HDT¼Hässeldalen tephra, AsT¼Askja Tephra https://scispace.com/papers/constructing-the-license-to-operate-internal-factors-and-29g9ww1yw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nept-and-matched-facilities-comparison-of-size-and-kqe1hxpk.png Table 2. NEPT and Matched Facilities: Comparison of Size and Community Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-organizational-factors-contributing-to-problem-2az88wsd.png Table 1. Organizational Factors Contributing to Problem Setting and Strategies for Action https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-construction-of-the-license-to-operate-3kx71qag.png Figure 1: The Construction of the License to Operate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nept-and-matched-facilities-comparison-of-compliance-w5pv80h5.png Table 3. NEPT and Matched Facilities: Comparison of Compliance, TRI Releases, and Permitting https://scispace.com/papers/construction-of-a-remote-laboratory-aimed-at-augmenting-2t8jywqve7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-equation-symbols-2vp0wsmc.png TABLE I. EQUATION SYMBOLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-setup-with-reading-scale-8y324fbq.png Figure 3 Experimental setup with reading scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-materials-and-beam-dimensions-28yeo6i4.png TABLE II. MATERIALS AND BEAM DIMENSIONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experiment-computer-link-layout-j73l5sr1.png Figure 4 Experiment computer link layout. https://scispace.com/papers/construction-of-finsler-lyapunov-functions-with-meshless-zxyutxuqe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-24-left-the-function-ls-0-5-0-5-v-w-which-3n2nyd4a.png Figure 4: Example (24). Left: The function Ls((0.5, 0.5), (v, w)) which approximates −‖(v, w)‖2 well. Right: The function s((0.5, 0.5), (v, w)) which has its minimum 0 at (v, w) = (0, 0). Note that no (x0,v) with x0 = (0.5, 0.5) is a collocation point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-25-some-points-in-the-x-x-y-plane-where-the-msds7in6.png Figure 5: Example (25): Some points in the x = (x, y)-plane, where the sign of Ls(x,v) is calculated: if the sign of Ls(x,v) is negative for all directions v ⊥ f(x), then a blue circle is plotted, if the sign is non-positive for all directions v ⊥ f(x), then a red cross is plotted, and if some directions v result in a negative and some in a non-negative sign, then both a red cross and a blue circle are plotted. The points with the correct, negative sign are thus points with a blue circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-example-29-at-each-point-x-the-directions-v-are-qy4cvpij.png Figure 12: Example (29): At each point x the directions v are shown, where Ls(x,v) < 0; in this case all values are negative. The colours of the line in direction v at point x indicate the sign of s(x,v) at each point x: the line is black where s(x,v) > 0, indicating a stable direction, and the line is red where s(x,v) ≤ 0, indicating an unstable direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-example-29-left-the-function-s-0-16-0-16-v-w-2yhavxpj.png Figure 13: Example (29). Left: The function s((0.16, 0.16), (v, w)), showing the expected behaviour. Right: The function Ls((0.16, 0.16), (v, w)) which approximates −‖(v, w)‖2 well. Note that no point (x0,v) with x0 = (0.16, 0.16) is a collocation point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-24-some-points-in-the-x-x-y-plane-where-the-1moxxdvi.png Figure 3: Example (24): Some points in the x = (x, y)-plane, where the sign of L(x,v) is calculated: if the sign of L(x,v) is negative for a v, then a blue circle is plotted, if the sign is non-positive for a v, then a red cross is plotted. The points with the correct, negative sign are thus points with a blue circle only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-28-with-collocation-points-outside-0-2-0-2-20jf1m3w.png Figure 6: Example (28) with collocation points outside [−0.2, 0.2]. Left: The function s(x, v), which is positive definite. Right: The function Ls(x, v) which approximates −‖v‖2 well outside [−0.2, 0.2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-23-the-collocation-points-outside-0-2-0-2-28ne1gkp.png Figure 7: Example (23): The collocation points outside [−0.2, 0.2] as well as the level sets Ls(x, v) = 0 (red) and s(x, v) = 0 (blue). Note that Ls(x, v) < 0 and s(x, v) > 0 hold in the area where the collocation points are placed, apart from v = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-example-31-left-the-collocation-points-x1-in-the-x-dnx0d1zf.png Figure 14: Example (31). Left: The collocation points X1 in the (x, y)-plane; note that lines separating the nine equilibria do not contain collocation points. Right: Some points in the x = (x, y)-plane, where the sign of Ls(x,v) is calculated: if the sign of Ls(x,v) is negative for a v, then a blue circle is plotted, if the sign is non-positive for a v, then a red cross is plotted. One can see the red crosses along the lines where no collocation points where placed. https://scispace.com/papers/construction-of-mixed-reality-story-environment-based-on-3fxy52wtkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-region-classification-3h0990k0.png Table 1. Region classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scanned-data-left-room1-right-room2-1nxm9nxd.png Fig. 5. Scanned data. (left: room1, right: room2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-placement-rule-of-the-stage-on-the-region-4s21zz0o.png Table 2. Placement rule of the Stage on the Region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-placement-rule-of-the-stage-between-regions-3j7byaic.png Table 3. Placement rule of the Stage between Regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-result-of-stage-placement-left-room1-right-room2-2rzjdf0w.png Fig. 6. Result of Stage placement. (left: room1, right: room2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-confirmation-by-microsoft-hololens-left-room1-center-245npdyw.png Fig. 7. Confirmation by Microsoft HoloLens (left: room1, center and right: room2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-right-image-that-makes-room-a-character-world-37072lj3.png Fig. 1. (left, right) Image that makes room a character world stage. (center) Creating a road using furniture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-retrieving-the-surface-mesh-by-resampling-22m94m37.png Fig. 2. Retrieving the surface mesh by resampling. https://scispace.com/papers/consumer-governance-in-electricity-markets-50h84yfrn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-gxp-demand-regressions-columns-are-gxps-2ft9aq71.png Table 2: Individual GXP demand regressions. Columns are GXPs under consideration. For each GXP, we consider two specifications: one including monthly dummy variables and the other excluding them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electricity-offtakes-by-grid-exit-point-solid-line-1vnmp7lt.png Figure 5: Electricity offtakes by Grid Exit Point. Solid line represents observed offtakes, dashed line represents fitted offtakes explained by weather variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-customer-switching-behaviour-where-2tzii48h.png Table 4: Results for customer switching behaviour, where sample is restricted to customers who switched at least once during the sample period. Variables are as discussed in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-prices-offered-by-retailers-for-the-mainpower-6i0e49co.png Figure 4: Prices offered by retailers for the MainPower region. Note that Kaiapoi customers, due to a slightly different contractual arrangement with the MainPower lines company, can, theoretically be offered a different tariff to other customers. The prices listed here are for non-Kaiapoi customers; differences for Kaiapoi customers are minimal (Genesis Kaiapoi customers saved 2.15 c/KWh extra in May-August 2007, TrustPower Kaiapoi customers paid an extra 0.11 c/KWh from May-September 2010, and 0.12 c/KWh thereon). Tiny Mighty Power was only available in Kaiapoi, so the prices listed here are for Kaiapoi customers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mainpower-region-1ly4f7yr.png Figure 1: The MainPower region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-number-of-switches-for-an-icp-in-the-z521fxqd.png Figure 2: Histogram of number of switches for an ICP in the MainPower region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-customer-switching-behaviour-incumbent-285glggz.png Table 3: Results for customer switching behaviour. Incumbent gives ICP utility from remaining with current retailer. Price multiplied by retailer’s price relative to incumbent gives utility from choosing said retailer (incumbent’s relative price is 1). Director 1 - Director 12 give utility from choosing Contact from start of Director compensation period to 12 months after. Next coefficients give utility from choosing contact for a customer who left during the Director compensation period (i.e. utility from returning to Contact). “What’s my number” is a term that affects incumbent retailer during the campaign; a negative term reduces customer loyalty. The Trustpower marketing campaign is considered for effects on Trustpower utility and Contact utility. Demographics and weather characteristics are interacted with relative price; hence a positive number indicates that the characteristic makes a customer more price sensitive. Dummy variables for firms capture Contact’s position as incumbent retailer; other firms are less popular, ceteris paribus. T-stats are constructed using standard errors that are robust to errors clustered by ICP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-whole-sample-model-for-electricity-usage-dependent-t970quu0.png Table 1: Whole sample model for electricity usage. Dependent variable is GXP offtake in a given month. Two specifications are fit, one including dummy variables for months, and the other without. Variables described as Proportions refer to the proportion of census respondents in a meshblock who answered affirmatively; i.e. Proportion Four Bedroom House refers to the proportion of census respondents who live in a four bedroom house. https://scispace.com/papers/consulting-revenue-sharing-auditor-effort-and-independence-28w3n3mham 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-game-tree-for-the-audit-firms-effort-choice-3ccrmzrm.png FIGURE 2: The Game Tree for the Audit Firm’s Effort Choice Problem Given that (r – v)>(1– φ)l https://scispace.com/papers/consumption-composition-and-macroeconomic-dynamics-43u2eeex4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-welfare-cost-of-technological-shocks-ies-0-29-205udtgy.png Table 2 Welfare cost of technological shocks (IES = 0.29). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamic-effects-of-a-biased-technological-shock-3agccpcv.png Figure 5 Dynamic effects of a biased technological shock when IES = 0.29. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-327dyf9t.png Table 1 Parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-welfare-cost-of-a-biased-technological-shock-under-a-276hbdr9.png Table 3 Welfare cost of a biased technological shock under a CES aggregator for consumption (σ = 3.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transitional-dynamics-ies-0-21-3swf7l9c.png Figure 4 Transitional dynamics IES = 0.21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transitional-dynamics-with-ies-0-22-1r1xfrcv.png Figure 3 Transitional dynamics with IES = 0.22. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transitional-dynamics-with-ies-0-29-3ex6luft.png Figure 2 Transitional dynamics with IES = 0.29. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-rate-of-consumption-expenditure-1uzkeq2j.png Figure 1 Growth rate of consumption expenditure. https://scispace.com/papers/consumption-conundrums-unravelled-doeacs6iaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-of-trend-in-owners-occupational-2gmpkl63.png Table 6. Regression results of trend in owner’s occupational status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-table-linen-ownership-by-occupational-status-2zyff89y.png Figure 4. Table linen ownership by occupational status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-feather-bed-ownership-and-price-trend-3g7rjwwp.png Figure 3. Feather bed ownership and price trend https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-of-stolen-items-2pdwow8a.png Table 5. Summary statistics of stolen items https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fashions-tracked-through-theft-of-selected-items-204bvouj.png Table 4. Fashions tracked through theft of selected items https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-of-trends-in-owners-occupational-25siw3n7.png Table 7. Regression results of trends in owner’s occupational status – domestic comfort items https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-occupational-status-over-time-3skix4wg.png Table 3. Occupational status over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-valuables-ownership-by-occupational-status-2kvwracg.png Figure 1. Valuables ownership by occupational status https://scispace.com/papers/consumption-leisure-trade-offs-and-persistency-in-business-5apmgditgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transitory-irf-function-for-ln-gnp-6gl2zvmv.png Figure 2: Transitory IRF function for ln(GNP ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-analysis-to-changes-in-s-and-e-2l8sqrej.png Table 2: Sensitivity analysis to changes in σ and η https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-functions-to-a-1-human-capital-shock-2skqdar7.png Figure 4: Response functions to a 1% human capital shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acf-for-output-growth-sxivclxy.png Figure 1: ACF for output growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-parameter-and-steady-state-values-a-1kj1eheb.png Table 1: Benchmark parameter and steady state values a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-functions-to-a-1-technology-shock-2h9rnpa0.png Figure 3: Response functions to a 1% technology shock https://scispace.com/papers/contact-and-grasp-robustness-measures-analysis-and-1bod19il8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-contacts-grasp-figure-2-instrumented-talon-3e9lpv24.png Figure 1: Four contacts grasp. Figure 2: Instrumented talon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-force-sensor-outputs-and-estimated-pgr-3pfmuy5i.png Figure 4: Force sensor outputs and estimated PGR corresponding to application of four external disturbance on the grasped object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-talon-grasping-28kvn27w.png Figure 3: Talon grasping. https://scispace.com/papers/contact-force-generated-by-impact-of-boulder-on-concrete-5hnr05jwrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-degree-of-freedom-2dof-lumped-mass-system-279-38500pom.png Figure 7. Two-degree of freedom (2DOF) lumped-mass system 279 The input parameters: 𝑚1, 𝑚2, 𝑘2, 𝑥1(𝑡) and 𝑥2(𝑡) as shown in Fig. 7 denote the mass of the 280 impactor, the generalised mass of the target, the stiffness of the target (or the rear spring), 281 the displacement of the impactor, and the displacement of the target at time 𝑡 respectively. 282 Methods to determine the values of 𝑚2 and 𝑘2 are provided in detail in Refs. [27, 28]. The 283 2DOF model as described can be executed on an Excel spreadsheet or on MATLAB to 284 simulate the contact forcing function. Details of the program algorithm and demonstrations 285 of its use can be found in Ref. [29]. 286 287 Values of parameters characterising the compressive stiffness properties of the frontal spring 288 (𝑘n and 𝑝) can be determined by curve-fitting the simulated force-displacement 289 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solid-steel-impactor-weighing-280-kg-striking-a-1qvmztir.png Figure 1. Solid steel impactor weighing 280 kg striking a reinforced concrete surface 122 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-results-for-transverse-compression-between-83-3q9zsfpa.png Figure 4. Test results for transverse compression between 83 mm dia. granite rock core and 222 100 mm dia. concrete cylinders 223 224 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compression-test-setup-220-1191vm9t.png Figure 3. Compression test setup 220 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-experimental-setup-371-372-gmhp0ogk.png Figure 13. Experimental setup 371 372 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-camera-capture-of-an-impactor-striking-the-contact-2jg3tqcp.png Fig. 16. (a) Camera capture of an impactor striking the contact force measurement device 448 (b) schematic diagram illustrating the operational principle of the device 449 450 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparison-of-measured-and-2dof-simulated-contact-29jal4p4.png Figure 17. Comparison of measured and 2DOF simulated contact force for 50 mm dia. 460 granite sphere impacting concrete specimen at impact velocities: (a) 9.52 m/s; (b) 11.72 m/s; 461 (c) 14.2 m/s; (d) 17.2 m/s; (e) 20.8 m/s; (f) 23.8 m/s; (g) 26.3m/s 462 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-variation-of-normalised-n-values-with-impact-nn3f3gqk.png Figure 22. Variation of normalised 𝑘n values with impact velocity 525 https://scispace.com/papers/content-based-exploration-of-archival-images-using-neural-56eu74qdmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-our-image-exploration-tool-2p728oit.png Figure 1: Screenshot of our image exploration tool. https://scispace.com/papers/context-based-grouping-and-recommendation-in-manets-2h46ulk9jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-local-lattice-for-group-a-2wyj5p1f.png Figure 5 Local lattice for group A https://scispace.com/papers/context-of-learning-and-second-language-development-of-1zic1464od 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-learner-characteristics-by-group-2u278w9a.png Table 1: Summary of learner characteristics by group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-continued-2rfcscjk.png Table 8: (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-of-linear-mixed-effects-statistics-for-2vkn8j5m.png Table 9: Summary of linear mixed-effects statistics for models predicting normalized F2 values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-summary-of-anova-statistics-for-f1-of-e-and-o-30p5mite.png Table 10: Summary of ANOVA statistics for F1 of /e/ and /o/. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-summary-of-anova-statistics-for-f2-of-e-and-o-1ob7j4kr.png Table 11: Summary of ANOVA statistics for F2 of /e/ and /o/. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-waveform-and-spectrogram-of-the-word-mascota-pet-267ihmad.png Figure 1: Waveform and spectrogram of the word mascota ‘pet,’ produced by Participant 9 in the reading passage, with measurement landmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-normalized-formant-values-at-25-50-and-75-of-e-25p123a0.png Table 4: Mean normalized formant values at 25%, 50%, and 75% of /e/ and /o/ for AH learners, Time 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-normalized-formant-values-at-25-50-and-75-of-e-2cjrtilb.png Table 5: Mean normalized formant values at 25%, 50%, and 75% of /e/ and /o/ for AH learners, Time 2. https://scispace.com/papers/continuity-and-change-in-a-domestic-industry-santa-maria-3nkdnk6p8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-locations-of-work-areas-2t3096co.png Table 4.3. Locations of work areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-kiln-dimensions-cm-3az53oje.png Table 4.5. Kiln dimensions (cm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-composition-of-household-production-units-hpus-1rb8867h.png Table 6.1. Composition of household production units (HPUs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-some-production-times-od4ha45r.png Table 4.4. Some production times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-methods-of-production-used-by-hpus-in-1992-24q9c7gb.png Table 6.2. Methods of production used by HPUs in 1992. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-market-outlets-changes-in-the-1990s-4hsb0nab.png Table 5.3. Market outlets—changes in the 1990s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1-paste-typology-2e53wcj0.png Table II. 1. Paste typology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-fuel-costs-1ppvzaox.png Table 4.6. Fuel costs. https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-reactive-coupling-of-glycerol-and-acetone-a-3l8uirbuon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reaction-scheme-for-integrated-triglyceride-1akiqrqk.png Figure 3: Reaction scheme for integrated triglyceride transesterification and acetalisation of glycerol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-multi-steady-states-triacetin-conversions-for-kfm0g3jo.png Figure 8: Multi-steady states triacetin conversions for transesterification in meso-OBR at 50°C using: (a) 6:1 methanol to triacetin molar ratio, AmberlsytTM A26-OH resin and ramped residence times of 0.5min – 30min; (b) 30:1 methanol to triacetin molar ratio, AmberlsytTM 70-SO3H resin and ramped residence times of 2.5min – 60min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transesterification-reaction-for-biodiesel-11lk7rob.png Figure 1: Transesterification reaction for biodiesel production https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plots-of-conversions-versus-residence-time-for-2r5t9wmv.png Figure 11: Plots of conversions versus residence time for reactions using AmberlystTM 70-SO3H packed meso-OBR at 50°C: (a) direct acetalisation of glycerol at 4:1 acetone to glycerol molar ratio to produce solketal; (b) triacetin transesterification and reactive glycerol-acetone coupling at methanol-triacetin-acetone molar ratio of 30:1:4, to form methyl ester and solketal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mixing-independent-regions-for-transesterification-xxx4myro.png Figure 6: Mixing independent regions for transesterification at 50°C, 6:1 methanol to triacetin molar ratio and 1min residence time using 8g AmberlystTM A26-OH resin catalyst packed in meso-OBR and un-baffled tubular reactor (Ren = 24). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-two-stage-transesterification-process-a-1st-stage-20131ccf.png Figure 12: Two-stage transesterification process: (a) 1st stage transesterification at 6:1 methanol to triacetin molar ratio and 60°C using AmberlsytTM A26-OH packed meso-OBR; (b) 2nd stage online reactive coupling of glycerol from the 1st reactor with acetone at a methanol-triacetin-acetone molar ratio of 6:1:4 and 50°C using a meso-OBR packed with AmberlsytTM 70-SO3H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-configuration-of-the-reactors-42-a-integrally-trodl12q.png Figure 4: Configuration of the reactors [42]. (a) Integrally baffled meso-OBR and the schematics of the internal configuration, (b) diagrammatic view of the meso-OBR used in the reaction: jacketed meso-OBR (1), oscillation line (2), Feed lines (3 & 4), product/sampling point (5), hot water in (6), and hot water out (7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-robustness-of-the-meso-obr-platform-for-rapid-dn8ojv3e.png Figure 10: Robustness of the meso-OBR platform for rapid screening of effects of water on continuous triacetin transesterification in meso-OBR at 50°C and 10min residence using, (a) AmberlystTM A26 and 6:1 methanol/triacetin molar ratio, (b) AmberlystTM 70 and 30:1 methanol/triacetin molar ratio. https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-mesoporous-pd-films-by-electrochemical-deposition-bkpdahur64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-low-and-b-high-magnification-sem-images-showing-380zxo05.png Figure 1. (a) Low- and (b) high-magnification SEM images showing the top-surface structure of the obtained film. (c) Cross-sectional HAADF-STEM image showing the cross-sectional structure of the obtained film. (d) TEM and (e) HRTEM images showing the crystallinity of the obtained film. The HRTEM image shown in panel (e) is derived from the rectangular area defined in panel (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-sectional-sem-images-of-mesoporous-pd-films-c71ktruz.png Figure 5. Cross-sectional SEM images of mesoporous Pd films prepared at deposition times of (a) 100, (b) 300, (c) 600, (d) 1000, and (e) 2000 s. (f) Relation between the film thickness and the deposition time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-cv-measurements-of-the-mesoporous-pd-films-34pekqmu.png Figure 6. (a) CV measurements of the mesoporous Pd films prepared at various deposition times in 0.5 M H2SO4. (b) Relation between the deposition time and ECSA and volume-normalized ECSA. (c) Pd mass-normalized and (d) ECSA-normalized CV curves of the mesoporous Pd film, nonporous Pd film, and commercial PdB in 1 M KOH containing 1 M C2H5OH. All the CV curves were obtained at a scan rate of 50 mV s −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-surface-sem-images-left-and-low-angle-xrd-tyi3e197.png Figure 4. Top-surface SEM images (left) and low-angle XRD pattern (right) of Pd films prepared with P123 at electrodeposition potentials of (a) −0.3, (b) −0.2, (c) −0.1, and (d) 0.0 V vs Ag/AgCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-pd-films-prepared-by-the-typical-17d5y6cw.png Figure 3. SEM images of Pd films prepared by the typical procedure at concentrations of P123 of (a) 0.025, (b) 1.0, (c) 2.5, and (d) 5.0 wt %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-uv-vis-spectra-of-electrolyte-solution-consisting-1tbmbvh0.png Figure 2. (a) UV−vis spectra of electrolyte solution consisting of various mixtures of nonionic surfactants and PdCl2. (b) SANS data of P123 micelles in solution with appropriate polydisperse spherical fitting. (c) LSV plot recorded at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1 from electrolyte solution consisting of various mixtures of nonionic surfactants and PdCl2. (d) Low-angle XRD pattern from the Pd film prepared with different surfactants. https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-solitons-in-a-lattice-nonlinearity-3p6w0yq0j4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-soliton-propagation-experimental-and-24gt6pmu.png FIG. 3 (color online). Soliton propagation: experimental and numerical results. Observed (a) input, (b) Diffracted, and (c) self-trapped output at applied bias field for (top) 1D beams, with FWHM of 7 μm (tight-binding regime), (middle) 22 μm (weak-binding regime), and (bottom) 2D beams. In all the cases, continuous localization emerges as confirmed numerically by (d) propagation and (f) associated spatial index of refraction modulation (blue line) compared with just the contribution of the photorefractive response in biased condition (orange line). (e) Experimental relation between normalized intensity and external field for 1D solitons with linear fit (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-light-propagation-in-the-lattice-3nm1zl19.png FIG. 2 (color online). Light propagation in the lattice nonlinearity embedded in a microstructured KLTN. (a) Sketch of the physical geometry and (b)–(c) optical lattice detection: (b) transmission microscopy image at ϑ ¼ ϑB and (c) its intensity Fourier transform revealing the grating period Λ ¼ 5.5 0.3 μm (expanded view in the inset). (d) Observed beam dynamics from the starting delocalized discrete pattern to the continuous soliton. (d1) Input and (d2) output beam when the lattice nonlinearity is deactivated. (d3) Output discrete spatial distribution as soon as the lattice nonlinearity is enabled at V ¼ 400 V and (d4) continuous soliton at the steady state. (e) Intensity Fourier transform of (d2) (red line), (d3) (cyan line), and (d4) (magenta line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-zero-field-discrete-dynamics-after-the-2010s78s.png FIG. 4 (color online). Zero-field discrete dynamics after the soliton formation. (a)–(d) Measured time evolution: (a)–(b) discrete delocalized pattern, (c) localization with discrete features and (d) relaxation to the equilibrium. (e)–(f) Numerical results at t ¼ 0: (e) discrete propagation and (f) nonlinearity supporting the periodically modulated output light distribution compared with the previous soliton nonlinearity (orange line). (g) Comparison of the spectral properties of (a) (magenta line) and (b) (cyan line) with those of the numerical output in (e) (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-nonlinear-propagation-in-periodic-systems-og0r3hpv.png FIG. 1 (color online). Nonlinear propagation in periodic systems. (a) Trapping in photonic lattices: the periodic pattern δnlatt affects the spatial propagation but is not affected by the wave. (b) Trapping in lattice nonlinearity: optical field and lattice are mutually coupled and δnlatt depends on the waveform. https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-therapy-versus-fixed-duration-of-therapy-in-2ys55zw8ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subgroup-analysis-of-a-progression-free-survival-pfs-1-1d1bq9wh.png Fig 3. Subgroup analysis of (A) progression-free survival (PFS) 1, (B) PFS2, and (C) overall survival in the intent-to-treat population eligible for continuous therapy (CT). FDT, fixed duration of therapy; GIMEMA, Italian Group for Hematologic Diseases in Adults; HR, adjusted hazard ratios; ISS, International Staging System; PS, performance status. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-t9qe6jld.png Fig 3. Subgroup analysis of (A) progression-free survival (PFS) 1, (B) PFS2, and (C) overall survival in the intent-to-treat population eligible for continuous therapy (CT). FDT, fixed duration of therapy; GIMEMA, Italian Group for Hematologic Diseases in Adults; HR, adjusted hazard ratios; ISS, International Staging System; PS, performance status. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-flow-other-reasons-for-ineligibility-include-3fy4y5c4.png Fig 1. Study flow. Other reasons for ineligibility include stopping treatment for toxicity, consent withdrawn, medical decision, loss to follow-up, and no available data on remission status at 1 year from enrollment. GIMEMA, Italian Group for Hematologic Diseases in Adults; MP, melphalan and prednisone; PD, disease progression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-patient-characteristics-in-the-population-1m21jcsu.png Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics in the Population of Patients Included in the Descriptive Analyses and in the ITT-CT Population of Patients Included in the Primary Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-progression-free-survival-pfs-1-b-pfs2-and-c-overall-3r8yunof.png Fig 2. (A) Progression-free survival (PFS) 1, (B) PFS2, and (C) overall survival in the intent-to-treat population eligible for continuous therapy (CT) randomly assigned to receive CT versus fixed duration of therapy (FDT). HR, adjusted hazard ratio; PD1, first disease progression; PD2, second disease progression. https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-trend-based-classification-of-streaming-time-3glrvmxdd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-classification-examples-1fs7gh0d.png Fig. 9. Classification examples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-time-series-and-the-corresponding-trix-t-3lv3snba.png Fig. 2. Example of a time series and the corresponding TRIX(t) signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-similarity-using-a-sliding-window-of-length-w-14km36da.png Fig. 1. Similarity using a sliding window of length W . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trend-classes-for-different-values-of-the-sliding-3gv7rhmp.png Fig. 3. Trend classes for different values of the sliding window length (W ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-deletion-algorithm-3asf37xd.png Fig. 8. Deletion algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-search-algorithm-39oek2wj.png Fig. 6. Search algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-insertion-time-algorithm-kdj3pwt1.png Fig. 7. Insertion Time algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-cpu-and-classification-memory-vs-bucket-size-2eaosht1.png Table 3. Total CPU and classification memory vs bucket size https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-upper-confidence-trees-408oh05i6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shape-of-the-reward-function-trap-problem-1rpr0byv.png Fig. 1. Shape of the reward function: Trap problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-of-the-reward-for-the-trap-problem-with-a-70-h-34verh52.png Fig. 3. Median of the reward, for the trap problem with a = 70, h = 100, l = 1, w = 0.7, R = 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-of-the-reward-for-the-trap-problem-with-a-70-h-2f1qmbu6.png Fig. 2. Mean of the reward, for the trap problem with a = 70, h = 100, l = 1, w = 0.7, R = 0.01. The estimated standard deviations of the rewards are STDDPW = [13.06, 12.88, 12.88, 12.06, 14.70, 0, 0] for Double PW and STDSPW = [7.16, 7.16, 8.63, 9.05, 0, 0, 0] for Simple PW - the differences are clearly significant, where STD means standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-power-management-problem-median-values-of-2l3fdp2o.png Fig. 5. The power management problem. Median values of cumulated reward. Experiments with 6 stocks and 21 time steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-power-management-problem-median-values-of-4j34ijtd.png Fig. 4. The power management problem. Median values of cumulated reward with 2 stocks and 5 time steps. https://scispace.com/papers/continuum-electromechanical-theory-for-nematic-continua-with-3pzlntzacw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principal-solution-fore0-ec0-left-and-bifurcated-nffljaoa.png Fig. 1 – Principal solution fore0 < ec0 (left) and bifurcated solution fore0 > e c 0 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-of-external-electric-field-versus-the-amplitudex-1cg6bttz.png Fig. 2 – Graph of external electric field versus the amplitudeξ of the bifurcated mode for the exact solution (full line) and for the asymptotic solution (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/contributing-vertices-based-minkowski-sum-computation-of-40ok53em3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-intersections-in-slope-diagrams-a-intersection-of-two-1vzhd4w5.png Fig. 11. Intersections in slope diagrams. (a) Intersection of two facet points. (b) Intersection of a facet point and an edge arc. (c) Intersection of two edge arcs. (d) Intersection of a facet point and a vertex region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-two-convex-polygons-a-and-b-b-the-minkowski-sum-a-b-vdmcw2el.png Fig. 3. (a) Two convex polygons A and B. (b) The Minkowski sum A⊕B depicted as a sweep. (c) The contributing vertex v2,B associated to the face f1,A. The dotted line is the face that lies on the boundary of A ⊕ B. The two other faces (dashed lines) are discarded. translated in the same manner, they are moving in planes parallel to the supporting plane of fi,A and generating facets within supporting planes parallel to that of fi,A. But only the facet generated by the vertex vk,B of B which is at maximal distance away from the supporting plane of fi,A is taken into account because it lies on the boundary of the sum polyhedron. The other facets generated by the displacement of all other vertices of B are discarded since they lie in the interior of the sum polyhedron. This particular vertex vk,B which generated this facet of the sum polyhedron A ⊕ B is called the “contributing vertex” associated to the facet fi,A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-minkowski-sum-examples-for-convex-polyhedra-generated-os30wb54.png Fig. 13. Minkowski sum examples for convex polyhedra generated by the CVMS algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-an-edge-ei-a-as-a-visibility-direction-b-visibility-3qis4896.png Fig. 8. (a) An edge ei,A as a visibility direction . (b) Visibility computation of all facets of B w.r.t. ei,A and horizon edges determination. (c) Only horizon edges e4,B, e5,B, and e6,B will produce edge facets ei,A ⊕ e4,B, ei,A ⊕ e5,B, and ei,A ⊕ e6,B. hanced and Simplified Slope Diagrams-based Minkowski Sum (ESSDMS) algorithm. We first describe the principles behind the original slope diagram. After that, we describe the ESSDMS algorithm and indicate the role played by contributing vertices in the improvement of performance (by eliminating unnecessary processing) and the simplification of some steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-stereographic-projection-used-to-merge-two-slope-2k70lomf.png Fig. 10. Stereographic projection used to merge two slope diagrams (revised from [33]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-running-times-of-the-minkowski-sum-computation-of-2wlgaquq.png Table 1 Running times of the Minkowski sum computation of convex polyhedra performed by several algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-some-edges-e1-a-e2-a-and-e3-a-of-a-b-contributing-26ffmwp7.png Fig. 7. (a) Some edges e1,A, e2,A, and e3,A of A. (b) Contributing vertices associated to f1,A, f2,A, and f3,A. (c) Edge facets created by e2,A, and e3,A. The edge e1,A will not produce edge facets since incident facets f1,A and f2,A have the same contributing vertex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-minkowski-sum-as-a-sweep-of-two-sets-a-two-polygons-a-349310og.png Fig. 1. Minkowski sum as a sweep of two sets. (a) Two polygons A and B. (b) B is positioned on each point of A. (c) The Minkowski sum A ⊕ B is the union of the resulting translations of B on all points of A. https://scispace.com/papers/contribution-des-reseaux-d-innovation-au-developpement-des-r3ewpadphm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mesure-support-aux-activites-d-innovation-smartpls-2q64o2j0.png Figure 10 : Mesure « Support aux activités d'innovation » SmartPLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-le-modele-de-recherche-2vltnvpw.png Figure 1 : Le modèle de recherche https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mesure-formative-credibilite-smartpls-38whyzk1.png Figure 8 : Mesure formative « Crédibilité » SmartPLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mesure-de-la-contribution-qualireg-lisrel-3bo0bidj.png Figure 4 : Mesure de la « Contribution QualiREG » LISREL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mesure-contribution-qualireg-smartpls-enu3ni62.png Figure 3 : Mesure « Contribution QualiREG » SmartPLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mesure-reputation-smartpls-y4f7nq3b.png Figure 5 : Mesure « Réputation » SmartPLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-le-modele-structurel-2lal1k36.png Figure 2 : Le modèle structurel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mesures-satisfaction-et-utilisation-des-tic-39cq54ud.png Figure 12 : Mesures « Satisfaction et utilisation des TIC » SmartPLS https://scispace.com/papers/contribution-of-rare-and-predicted-pathogenic-gene-variants-1p9bld6m25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-carrying-filtered-variant-in-known-lupus-1sonzlkk.png Table 1: Patients carrying filtered variant in known lupus causing (KLC) genes (bold) (with additional filtered variants, underlined), defining Mendelian SLE (Pt 1 to 8) or carrying single rare, predicted damaging heterozygous variants in genes known to cause autosomal recessive lupus (Pt9 to 16) https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-a-nonlinear-ice-cream-crystallization-process-56jtqjvrhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-freezer-1cih3aze.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the freezer https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-of-the-output-value-meq3-of-m3-at-1mpg0449.png Table 2. Sensitivity of the output value Meq3 of M3 at equilibrium to the variation of Te in N and K2(u1 − T ) independently. For the simulations, we have taken: Nscrap = 750 rpm, mfr = 75 kg.h −1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-of-the-output-m3-at-equilibrium-to-the-2bwl8ejt.png Table 1. Sensitivity of the output M3 at equilibrium to the different control inputs. In each table, only one control input is tested and only its value is changed; the others quantities are fixed at the following values: Te = −18 [ ◦C], Nscrap = 750 [rpm], mfr = 75 [kg.h −1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-experimental-data-and-simulated-12vsdyd3.png Fig. 2. Comparison between experimental data and simulated trajectories. Top: saturation temperature Tsat. Bottom: evaporation temperature Te. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-results-obtained-by-application-of-the-27aulicm.png Fig. 3. Experimental results obtained by application of the control laws u1 and u2 on the pilot plant. Top: compressor rotation speed. Center: evaporation temperature setpoint and measurement. Bottom: saturation temperature setpoint, measurement and estimation (with the Smith predictor). https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-black-vine-weevil-larvae-otiorhynchus-sulcatus-1gjdknzab8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-sem-number-of-live-insects-after-one-two-and-pl0k1zoy.png Figure 1 Mean % SEM number of live insects, after one, two and three applications of entomopathogenic nematodes. Different letters above bars indicate statistical differences (Friedman, d.f. ¼ 2, P < 0.01). C, Controll Hm, Heterorhabditis megidis; Hd, Heterorhabditis downesi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-soil-temperature-c-during-the-trials-12yt0ddl.png Table 1 Average soil temperature ("C) during the trials https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-robust-design-in-multiobjective-optimization-3mk44gqo1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-piecewise-robust-functions-trf-19x0x0sj.png Fig. 2 Piecewise Robust Functions (TRF) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-design-of-welded-beam-1jwjprcx.png Fig. 7 Design of welded beam https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-design-of-pressure-vessel-3w1hithb.png Fig. 9 Design of pressure vessel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-tunable-robust-functions-trf-2rba3oo1.png Fig. 3 Different Tunable Robust Functions (TRF) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-bar-truss-structure-left-section-of-member-right-2ai4y5q9.png Fig. 4 Two-bar truss. Structure (left), section of member (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pareto-solution-for-two-bar-truss-design-cd7hu0t1.png Fig. 5 Pareto solution for two bar truss design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-welded-beam-design-1opdapql.png Fig. 6 Welded beam design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparing-robust-and-global-optimum-solution-dn79s2zu.png Fig. 1 Comparing robust and global optimum solution https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-spin-current-by-a-magnetic-yig-substrate-in-nife-3fbz501nyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-geometry-of-the-modeled-device-showing-the-1vmbqxtx.png FIG. 5. (a) Geometry of the modeled device showing the measurement configuration with a 3D profile and the y-component of the spin accumulation. (b) The dependence of the NLSV signal on the effective (collinear) spin mixing conductance Gs. To reproduce the experimentally observed decrease in the spin signal from SiO2 to the YIG substrate, an effective spin mixing conductance of Gs = 5 × 1013 Ω−1m−2 is required. (c) The dependence of the NLSV signal on the angle between m̂ and µs for Gs = 5 × 1013 Ω−1m−2. (d) The dependence of the spin signal modulation amplitude on the thickness of the Al channel signifying the interplay between the spin-mixing conductance and the spin-conductance in the Al channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-scanning-electron-microscopy-image-of-1gqss0tv.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Scanning electron microscopy image of the measured Type-A device. Two Py wires (indicated by green arrows) are connected by an Al cross. A charge current I from contact 1 to 2 creates a spin accumulation at the F1/Al interface that is detected as a nonlocal spin voltage Vnl using contacts 3 and 4. (b) The NLSV resistance Rnl = Vnl/I for representative YIG (blue) and SiO2 (red and orange) NLSV samples. For comparison, a constant background resistance has been subtracted from each measurement. (c) Dependence of the NLSV signal on the spacing d between the injecting and detecting ferromagnetic wires together with calculated spin signal values using a 1D (dashed lines) and 3D (solid lines) spin-transport model. For each distance d between the injector and detector several devices were measured, with the error bars indicating the spread in the measured signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-modulation-of-the-nlsv-when-only-considering-the-1gz3o7vt.png FIG. 6. (a) Modulation of the NLSV when only considering the Hanle effect due to the in-plane magnetic field in the P (dashed lines) and AP (solid lines) at 5 mT (red), 50 mT (blue) and 100 mT (black). see text for more details. (b) Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurement for the injector (left) and detector (right) ferromagnets at two different magnetic fields. The insets show the full-scale plot of the measurements at 5mT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-calculated-nlsv-signals-showing-the-a-x-2xqrnwyn.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Calculated NLSV signals showing the (a) x-component and (b) z-component of the NLSV signal Rnl in the parallel (red) and antiparallel (blue) magnetization configurations of the injector and detector ferromagnetic contacts for Gr = 1× 1013 Ω−1m−2 and Gi = 0.1Gr. Even if the injected spin accumulation is polarized along the magnetization direction of the injecting electrode F1, its interaction with the magnons via the spin-mixing conductance induces these spin accumulation components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-nonlocal-spin-valve-resistance-rnl-of-a-3vqly226.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Nonlocal spin valve resistance Rnl of a Type-B device with d=500 nm between injecting and detecting Py wires and tAl=130 nm. A constant background resistance of 117 mΩ was subtracted from the original data. (b) Angular dependence of the NLSV signal in the parallel and antiparallel configurations. The AP curve is average of 10 measurements and that of the P state is a single scan. Both resistance states exhibit a cos(2α) dependence on the angle between m̂ and µs. The black solid lines are calculated using the 3D-FEM model for Gr = 1× 1013Ω−1m−2 that show a percentage modulation of only 12% corresponding to the green curve in (c) δRSV /RSV is plotted. The angular dependent measurement in (b) is from a device for which complete set of measruements were peformed. A spin valves measurement as in (a) was also performed for another device with d = 300 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-stomatal-aperture-and-carbon-uptake-by-deficit-4i9nr1nxvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-trends-at-midday-of-photosynthesis-a-stomatal-20jrp2cb.png Fig. 3. Seasonal trends at midday of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), quantum yield of PSII (FPSII), efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII in dark-adapted leaves (Fv/Fm), intrinsic water use efficiency (A/gs), leaf-to-air vapour pressure defict (Vpdl) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in cultivars Moscatel (a) and Castelão (b). Values are the mean S.E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seasonal-evolution-of-leaf-water-potential-at-pre-dawn-3iwczbdg.png Fig. 2. Seasonal evolution of leaf water potential at pre-dawn (cpd) and at midday (cmd) and minimal (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures in Moscatel (a) and Castelão (b) recorded during the days of measurements. Values of leaf water potential are mean S.E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-in-vitro-activities-of-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-1rdafpoh.png Fig. 7. In vitro activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (Ru5PK) and fructose-1,6biphosphate phosphatase (FruBPase) and leaf N contents (N) on different water treatments in cultivars Moscatel (a) and Castelão (b) measured in August. Values are mean S.E. NS: non-significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-estimated-model-parameters-vcmax-jmax-tpu-and-relative-j9k38sug.png Fig. 6. Estimated model parameters (Vcmax, Jmax, TPU) and relative stomatal limitation (RSL) for the irrigation treatments in Moscatel (A) and Castelão (B) measured in August. Values are mean S.E. Different letter suffixes show statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-photosynthesis-of-moscatel-a-y-16-97-13-3f797jhu.png Fig. 4. Dependence of photosynthesis of Moscatel (a) (y = 16.97 + 13.74x, R2 = 0.41) and Castelão (b) (y = 16.55 + 18.45x, R2 = 0.37) and of stomatal conductance of Moscatel (c) (y = 0.34 + 0.32x, R2 = 0.44) and Castelão (d) (y = 0.34 + 0.41x, R2 = 0.38) on pre-dawn leaf water potential (cpd). Values are mean S.E. Measurements were taken throughout the growing season at midday. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-on-stomatal-conductance-of-photosynthesis-2nfrx5pl.png Fig. 5. Dependence on stomatal conductance of photosynthesis in Moscatel (a) (y = 28.02x/(0.28 + x), R2 = 0.81) and Castelão (b) (y = 25.62x/ (0.26 + x), R2 = 0.91); of intrinsic water use efficiency (A/gs) in Moscatel (c) (y = 12.80 + 16.45/(0.156 + x), R 2 = 0.70), and Castelão (d) (y = 30.86 + 6.25/(0.0759 + x), R2 = 0.48; and of the ratio ETR/A in Moscatel (e) (y = 16.17 + 0.96/x, R2 = 0.32) and Castelão (f) (y = 19.65 + 0.879/x, R2 = 0.48). Measurements were taken throughout the growing season at midday. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-total-rainfall-bars-and-monthly-mean-air-temperature-1fvcqv6y.png Fig. 1. Total rainfall (bars) and monthly mean air temperature (lines) at the experimental site during the 2002 season and average values of 30 years (1954–1984). https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-synaptic-plasticity-in-deep-cortical-networks-5b66cj5bm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-109v7vc3.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3jk9o4bc.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1ll8z8to.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1vuve02x.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-21j7uywe.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lz7pt0k2.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/control-strategies-comparison-of-a-ventilated-facade-with-5bwcmngwm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-required-cost-a-and-co2-emissions-b-investment-for-3qg3ftta.png Figure 7. Required cost (a) and CO2 emissions (b) investment for cooling production in Bogota (Csb) https://scispace.com/papers/control-strategy-for-microgrid-inverter-under-unbalanced-2frh8cpsle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-2g9in8sj.png TABLE I. SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/controllability-of-linear-impulsive-systems-an-eigenvalue-yh8kysd0kw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-components-of-controlled-trajectory-in-system-13-with-3gkzemwu.png Fig. 1. Components of controlled trajectory in system (13) with the control given in (15) https://scispace.com/papers/controlled-evolution-of-surface-patterns-for-zno-coated-on-3gytbajn94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-average-wavelength-versus-the-applied-pre-strain-17m0y6ss.png Fig. 8. The average wavelength versus the applied pre-strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-aspect-ratio-of-closed-domains-in-zno-film-3m5bj9nv.png Fig. 9. The aspect ratio of closed domains in ZnO film occurred before and after annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-evolution-of-surface-morphologies-of-a-sample-4-b-30p63fzs.png Fig. 11. Evolution of surface morphologies of (a) sample 4; (b) sample 6; after soaking in ethanol for (1) 2 hours; (2) 36 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-evolution-of-surface-morphologies-of-sample-3-after-25oty4d2.png Fig. 10. Evolution of surface morphologies of sample 3 after soaking in ethanol for (a) 2 hours; (b) 36 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-micrographs-of-a-sample-4-before-annealing-b-1b01147x.png Fig. 3. Optical micrographs of (a) sample 4 before annealing; (b) sample 4 after annealing; (c) sample 5 after annealing; (d) sample 6 after annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optical-micrographs-of-a-sample-7-b-sample-8-c-sample-1gj0xg0l.png Fig. 4. Optical micrographs of (a) sample 7; (b) sample 8; (c) sample 9; after annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optical-micrographs-of-a-sample-10-b-sample-11-c-32iby9d5.png Fig. 5. Optical micrographs of (a) sample 10; (b) sample 11; (c) sample 12; (1) before annealing and (2) after annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-strain-and-thickness-of-zno-film-of-the-samples-258nnf4a.png Table 1. Pre-strain and thickness of ZnO film of the samples. https://scispace.com/papers/controlled-metamorphosis-between-skeleton-driven-animated-5gho90pwke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synchronisation-of-the-animated-mesh-and-the-1cty2uj7.png Figure 3: Synchronisation of the animated mesh and the functional approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alignment-deformation-bffbd5ip.png Figure 6: Alignment deformation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-animation-sequence-illustrating-controlled-1zvumv9a.png Figure 1: Animation sequence illustrating controlled metamorphosis between animated meshes with varying topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-application-of-weight-maps-for-non-uniform-7krczxsd.png Figure 8: The application of "weight-maps" for non-uniform transitions between the meshes and their functional approximations (a) In the transitional stage the vertices for the head of the model are projected after all other vertices (b) In the transitional stage the vertices for the head of the model are projected before all other vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-screenshot-of-the-working-environment-2l4ftejg.png Figure 9: Screenshot of the working environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-metamorphosis-animated-sequence-first-3-frames-2a4bqm47.png Figure 11: Metamorphosis animated sequence, first 3 frames represent th transitional stage from the source mesh to its functional approximation, the following 2 frames represent them tamorphosis stage and the last 3 frames represent the transitional stage between functional approximation and destination mesh: a) Automatic linear metamorphosis; b) Metamorphosis with additional user control of skeletons (performing alignment of skeleton segment positions along with gradual modificaton of the radii associated with each segment). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-additional-examples-of-metamorphosis-between-35d72rys.png Figure 12: Additional examples of metamorphosis between animated meshes implemented in real-time in CUDA: a) Additional user-controlled alignment of the skeletons was performed for the transition in order to build a custom intermediate shape; b) user-defined skeleton alignment similar to11(b) was used to match intermediate functional approximations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-approximation-n1nzuqbf.png Figure 2: Initial approximation https://scispace.com/papers/convenient-one-pot-synthesis-of-1-2-3-4-thiatriazoles-4k8qswxhhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-tt9-hydrogen-atoms-are-omitted-2n80pt45.png Figure 1. Crystal structure of TT9. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-spatial-distributions-of-the-homo-left-3k66skft.png Figure 2. Calculated spatial distributions of the HOMO (left) and LUMO (right) of TT9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-normalized-fluorescence-spectra-of-tt9-in-mch-tol-19lglbr3.png Figure 3. (a) Normalized fluorescence spectra of TT9 in MCH, Tol and Zeonex 1% (w/w) and https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-photophysical-properties-of-tt9-1t0tiery.png Table 3. Photophysical properties of TT9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-of-solvents-and-outcomes-in-the-modified-i0uou5dr.png Table 1. Survey of solvents and outcomes in the modified “Pinner synthesis”(a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-5-aryl-1234-thiatriazoles-tt1-tt9-a-7sous44a.png Table 2. Synthesis of 5-aryl-1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles TT1-TT9(a). https://scispace.com/papers/convergence-of-the-generalized-a-scheme-for-constrained-1lj2kckh2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-without-numerical-damping-x-y-accelerations-of-point-p-388ktrk1.png Fig. 8 Without numerical damping: (x, y)-accelerations of point P and Lagrange multipliers associated with the (x, y) internal forces in body 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-convergence-of-relative-errors-at-final-time-t-0-03-s-26il4uz7.png Fig. 9 Convergence of relative errors at final time (t = 0.03 s) for a generalized coordinate (β) and a Lagrange multiplier (λ1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-slider-crank-mechanism-37qzccgh.png Fig. 1 Slider–crank mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crank-angle-th1-and-position-of-the-additional-mass-x4-27wxfjvv.png Fig. 2 Crank angle θ1 and position of the additional mass x4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-motion-snapshots-of-the-squeezing-mechanism-2gogt24q.png Fig. 5 Motion snapshots of the squeezing mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-y-position-of-point-p-and-angle-b-2ix8hihf.png Fig. 6 (x, y)-position of point P and angle β https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-x-y-accelerations-of-point-p-and-lagrange-multipliers-1qfl8z9z.png Fig. 7 (x, y)-accelerations of point P and Lagrange multipliers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-convergence-of-relative-errors-at-final-time-t-1-s-for-g5spnxet.png Fig. 3 Convergence of relative errors at final time (t = 1 s) for a generalized coordinate (θ1) and a Lagrange multiplier (λ1) https://scispace.com/papers/convex-optimization-framework-for-intermediate-deadline-ccpc6wvjo6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schedulability-2xd5za6u.png Fig. 4. Schedulability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-standard-deviation-2z0w2vso.png Fig. 5. Standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-topology-of-simulations-36almq1l.png Fig. 3. Topology of simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-local-deadlines-and-density-for-the-pure-laxity-384kbn22.png Table 2 Local deadlines and density for the pure laxity ratio approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-topology-of-a-toy-example-y7otcng6.png Fig. 2. Topology of a toy example. https://scispace.com/papers/convexes-hyperboliques-et-fonctions-quasisymetriques-2sbbj8hkb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-convexe-adherent-b-triangle-adherent-2eqlez3n.png FIG. 6. — A. Convexe adhérent B. Triangle adhérent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fonction-quasisymetriquement-convexe-26qgaugf.png FIG. 2. — Fonction quasisymétriquement convexe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-quasisymetrie-de-la-corde-b-convergence-des-cordes-1nj9veug.png FIG. 7. — A. Quasisymétrie de la corde B. Convergence des cordes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-intersection-des-tangentes-2my0msau.png FIG. 9. — Intersection des tangentes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-la-distance-de-hilbert-b-un-quadruplet-harmonique-a-2csivq5y.png FIG. 1. — A. La distance de Hilbert B. Un quadruplet harmonique (a, b, c, d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-un-convexe-non-hyperbolique-b-des-convexes-d-mvpmng8b.png FIG. 5. — A. Un convexe non hyperbolique B. Des convexes δ-hyperboliques https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-un-bord-non-strictement-convexe-b-un-bord-non-c1-uj5v8q95.png FIG. 8. — A. Un bord non strictement convexe B. Un bord non C1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-a-b-c-y-b-a-b-c-d-degenerescence-des-quadruplets-30rx24xd.png FIG. 10. — A. a∞ = b∞ = c∞ = y∞ B. a∞ = b∞ = c∞ = d∞ Dégénérescence des quadruplets harmoniques vers une configuration “quasisymétrie de la corde” en A et “intersection des tangentes” en B https://scispace.com/papers/convolutional-codes-for-iterative-decoding-183e75cc0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tanner-graph-of-an-r-1-3-ldpc-convolutional-code-and-b1t5ul1z.png Fig. 1. Tanner graph of an R = 1/3 LDPC convolutional code and an illustration of pipeline decoding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-array-representation-of-tightly-braided-block-codes-1kdpfrtk.png Fig. 2. Array representation of tightly braided block codes with (7,4) Hamming component codes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-error-performance-of-rate-r-1-3-blockwise-bccs-and-3s1pkvlc.png Fig. 8. Error performance of rate R = 1/3 blockwise BCCs and turbo codes on the AWGN channel [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-results-for-ideally-terminated-bbbcs-on-the-13r0fhgf.png Fig. 7. Simulation results for ideally terminated BBBCs on the AWGN channel [5]. a) Bit error rate. b) Average number of iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-for-a-204836-ldpc-convolutional-1st6z1ch.png Fig. 5. Simulation results for a (2048,3,6) LDPC convolutional code in comparison with a (4096,3,6) LDPC block code and a (204900,3,6) LDPC block code on the AWGN channel [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-for-continuous-sbbcs-on-the-awgn-3o473qzr.png Fig. 6. Simulation results for continuous SBBCs on the AWGN channel [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-encoder-for-a-rate-r-1-3-braided-convolutional-code-397q27ph.png Fig. 4. Encoder for a rate R = 1/3 braided convolutional code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-array-representation-of-sparsely-braided-codes-do9pz6nh.png Fig. 3. Array representation of sparsely braided codes. https://scispace.com/papers/convolutional-neural-nets-for-estimating-the-run-time-and-5d4fsbjy3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-execution-time-and-total-package-dram-energy-2tmaqemh.png Table 1. Execution time and total/package/DRAM energy consumption ranges, means (m), and standard deviations (s) for the dataset blocks of size b ¼ 250. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dispersion-plots-for-execution-time-vs-total-2wvmnbsb.png Figure 3. Dispersion plots for execution time vs total, package, and DRAM energies at different frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-vs-estimated-pagerank-execution-time-33mh4ze2.png Figure 6. Measured vs estimated PageRank execution time/energy consumption with relative and weighted errors for the testing matrices. (a) Execution time. (b) Total energy consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hyperparameters-considered-for-the-execution-time-276b8d11.png Table 2. Hyperparameters considered for the execution time and energy consumption models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-sparse-matrix-a-stored-in-csr-format-ospgkhy9.png Figure 1. Example of a sparse matrix A stored in CSR format as three vectors: vval, vptr and vpos. Indices are numbered starting at 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-and-boxplots-for-the-estimation-relative-3qlwjbxv.png Figure 4. Histogram and boxplots for the estimation relative errors at block level obtained by the CNN models for the selected metrics and frequencies on the testing matrix set. (a) Execution time. (b) Total energy consumption. (c) Package energy consumption. (d) DRAM energy consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-workflow-for-modeling-the-spmv-performance-and-1qtdl35p.png Figure 2. Workflow for modeling the SPMV performance and energy consumption. The term “M” in the expression denotes any of the selected metrics: execution time, total, package or DRAM energy consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-estimation-errors-at-matrix-level-obtained-1igmu2kx.png Figure 5. Relative estimation errors at matrix level obtained by the CNN models for the selected metrics and frequencies on the testing matrices. (a) Execution time. (b) Total energy consumption. (c) Package energy consumption. (d) DRAM energy consumption. https://scispace.com/papers/cooling-channel-optimization-for-injection-molding-3h2dybebyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-surface-temperature-distribution-at-the-surface-of-i4rk006n.png FIGURE 11. Surface temperature distribution at the surface of the mold cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-objective-function-versus-iterations-2nywzl41.png FIGURE 10. Objective function versus iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-channels-positions-before-and-after-optimization-lo77q52v.png TABLE 8. channels positions before and after optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cpu-time-for-the-direct-2d-computing-and-the-3uzpwkkc.png TABLE 9. CPU time for the direct 2D computing and the optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-channel-geometric-parameters-23v62kkp.png FIGURE 9. Channel geometric parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermo-physical-parameters-for-the-mold-and-polymer-6x1f48t0.png TABLE 1. Thermo physical parameters for the mold and polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-temperature-evolution-in-injection-mold-s07fi1bx.png FIGURE 1. Schematic temperature evolution in injection mold during several cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boundary-conditions-for-the-mold-in6j77vd.png FIGURE 2. Boundary conditions for the mold. https://scispace.com/papers/cooperative-cooling-in-a-one-dimensional-chain-of-optically-3njuqwpv90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-steady-state-energy-es-obtained-from-the-langevin-8cuvkkb6.png FIG. 8. Steady-state energy Es obtained from the Langevin equation and potential barrier U , as a function of the number of particles and for different pump strength / . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-dynamics-of-the-kinetic-energy-for-n-3-atoms-rhovve6a.png FIG. 7. (a) Dynamics of the kinetic energy for N = 3 atoms, comparing the full dipole dynamics of Eqs. (1) and (2) with the synchronized obtained from the synchronization ansatz. Simulations realized with the detuning of optimal cooling for the exact case, ≈ 0.01 . (b) Cooling or heating rate γc/ for N = 3 atoms, for the full dynamics (“exact”) and imposing synchronized dipoles (“sync”), and for N = 2 (the two dipoles spontaneously synchronize). The cooling or heating rate has been calculated using the evolution of the envelope of the kinetic energy until it reaches the 90%/110% of its initial value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-one-dimensional-cloud-of-atoms-trapped-1lcbj8zq.png FIG. 1. Scheme of the one-dimensional cloud of atoms trapped by four laser beams, the self-organization as a chain occurring under the effect of mutual optical forces. The strongest coupling between neighbors is achieved when the mutual distance is close to the optical wavelength λ. The four laser beams drawn form a 2D optical lattice in the transverse directions and aim to emulate a one-dimensional system: They are ideally far from resonance. Differently, the nearresonant pump which generates the OB is also transverse, so it should be operated on a different transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-potential-energy-landscape-for-chains-of-n-5-9-and-1ifqh5hd.png FIG. 3. (a) Potential energy landscape for chains of N = 5, 9 and 13 atoms at equilibrium, for a normalized detuning / = −0.06, −0.13 and −0.18, respectively. The potential is computed using Eq. (4), considering all atoms apart from the closest one, as it generates a local singularity. (b) Optical potential (in absolute value) for the edge atoms of a chain of length N , as a function of N , and for a detuning that optimizes the cooling. The green line corresponds to a logarithmic fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-normalized-kinetic-energy-for-a-chain-2dyurw9e.png FIG. 2. Evolution of the normalized kinetic energy for a chain of N = 15 atoms with an initial interparticle distance λ, and pumped with a laser detuned by ≈ −0.2 . The darker black curve refers to the evolution with the full dipole dynamics, Eqs. (1) and (2), the lighter curve was obtained from the adiabatic dynamics [canceling the left-hand term in Eq. (1)], and the red lines refer to the envelope obtained by averaging over a short time. The two kinetic energies have been normalized by the maximum of both curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-maximum-cooling-rate-gc-as-a-function-of-the-5u8vt7s9.png FIG. 4. (a) Maximum cooling rate γc as a function of the particle number N . (b) Detuning c of maximum cooling rate, as a function of N . (c) Cooling rate γc/ as a function of the normalized detuning / of the pump light and for different particle numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cooling-rate-gc-scattering-cross-section-s-and-inverse-1arhz3zt.png FIG. 5. Cooling rate γc/ , scattering cross section σ , and inverse temperature 1/T for a chain of N = 7 atoms and as a function of the detuning of the pump light . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-dipole-amplitude-b-j-over-time-for-a-17jk6cs1.png FIG. 6. Evolution of the dipole amplitude β j over time, for a chain of N = 10 atoms. Simulation realized for a detuning = −0.3 and a pump strength = 0.1 . The atomic chain was here initialized with atoms separated by λ, with a tilt of 0.03λ toward positive z of four atoms ( j = 1, 3, 8, 10): This breaking of symmetry allows one to visualize the distinct dynamics of the 10 dipoles. https://scispace.com/papers/cooperative-control-of-air-flow-for-hvac-systems-3a302wqhuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pressure-flow-balance-2sneg766.png Fig. 1. Pressure-flow balance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-air-pressure-of-room-inlets-under-cooperative-control-furtjaqv.png Fig. 4. Air pressure of room inlets under cooperative control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-under-noncooperative-control-2kshl8pa.png Fig. 3. Temperature under noncooperative control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-under-cooperative-control-3r4u9q8n.png Fig. 2. Temperature under cooperative control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-air-pressure-of-room-inlets-under-noncooperative-2qke8ec0.png Fig. 5. Air pressure of room inlets under noncooperative control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cool-air-mass-flow-rate-under-two-control-laws-37mtbsbm.png Fig. 6. Cool air mass flow rate under two control laws. https://scispace.com/papers/cooperative-empirical-failure-avoidance-for-multithreaded-ju522od0xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-use-before-initialization-failure-from-182wrgmg.png Figure 7. A use-before-initialization failure from Transmission and the constraint that avoids it. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-avisos-dynamic-behavior-columns-2-and-3-show-the-ard7pyic.png Table 2. Aviso’s dynamic behavior. Columns 2 and 3 show the total number of sharing events and the number of sharing events discarded due to online pruning. Columns 4 and 5 show the total number and number discarded of synchronization and signaling events. Column 5 shows the number of times an event in an available constraint executes, requiring a check to see if the event activates the constraint. Column 6 shows the number of times a check actually leads to a constraint’s instantiation. Column 7 shows the number of times an event is delayed by a constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-characterizing-avisos-behavior-3ojsbdu4.png Figure 10. Characterizing Aviso’s behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schedule-dependent-failure-in-aget-0-4-1siienry.png Figure 1. A schedule-dependent failure in AGet-0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-avoidance-testing-duality-2084wa2z.png Figure 2. The Avoidance-Testing Duality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-avisos-statistical-model-the-event-pair-model-3afp6ayo.png Figure 8. Aviso’s statistical model. The event pair model tracks feature values for each constraint. The failure feedback model tracks constraints’ failure rates. The combined model is comprised of the other two, yielding a selection probability for each constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-avisos-improvement-in-reliability-we-show-data-for-ptfjv0xl.png Figure 9. Aviso’s improvement in reliability. We show data for (a)Memcached, (b)Apache, (c)AGet, (d)PBZip2, and (e)Transmission. The x-axis shows execution time in number of trials – logical time ticks for servers, executions for standalone applications. We ran each program for 8000 trials. The y-axis shows the the number of failures that have occurred at a given point in time on a log scale. The top (black) curve shows the worst case: every execution is a failure. The middle (red) curve shows the reliability of the baseline, compiled and run completely without Aviso. The bottom (green) curve shows the reliability with Aviso. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-avisos-components-the-compiler-and-profiler-find-s11xano7.png Figure 3. Aviso’s components. The compiler and profiler find and instrument events. The runtime system monitors events and failures and avoids events. The framework generates constraints, selects likely effective constraints using a statistical model and shares effective constraints in a community of software instances. https://scispace.com/papers/coordinate-based-random-effect-size-meta-analysis-of-4dpvoygbcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-significant-clusters-with-their-estimated-grand-mean-dfdqmf94.png Table 1. Significant clusters with their estimated grand mean effect size and between-study standard deviation, volume, and centre Talairach location, for the MS data. The results are shown to compare ClusterZ, ALE, and ES-SDM methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-clusters-with-their-estimated-grand-mean-3v4xtgk1.png Table 2. Significant clusters with their estimated grand mean effect size and between-study standard deviation, volume, and centre Talairach location, for the pain data. The results are shown to compare ClusterZ, ALE, and ES-SDM methods. Clusters marginally beyond significant indicated by * (ClusterZ only). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-significant-clusters-detected-in-the-ms-coordinates-g8b7ms0z.png Figure 7. Significant clusters detected in the MS coordinates. a) is ClusterZ using FCDR 005, b) is ClusterZ using FWE 005, c) is ALE algorithm employing p<0001 cluster forming threshold and cluster threshold of 005 (FWE corrected), and d) is ES-SDM using the recommended p<0005 threshold and cluster extent of 10 voxels. For the ClusterZ results coordinates contributing to clusters are indicated by a + marker, and different clusters are indicated by different colours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-clusterz-ale-and-es-sdm-using-3mmox21p.png Figure 5. Comparison of ClusterZ, ALE, and ES-SDM using simulated data with known numbers of clusters. For ClusterZ an FCDR of 005 was employed, and FDR of 005 with a minimum cluster size of 200mm3 was used for the ALE algorithm, and the default p<0.005 and cluster extent of 10 voxels used for ES-SDM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-typical-results-of-numerical-experiments-with-fixed-3pci140c.png Figure 6. Typical results of numerical experiments with fixed numbers of clusters superimposed onto an axial outline of the brain. The red circles indicate the placement of coordinates belonging to the fixed clusters. The resulting significant clusters are shown as maximum intensity projections. For the ALE results, the arrows indicate small false clusters due to the use of voxel-wise FDR. The results for ES-SDM are shown with the default parameter settings and with settings equivalent to those used by ALE (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-showing-the-impact-of-overlap-fraction-and-14fbwzt6.png Figure 3. Showing the impact of overlap fraction (and therefore clustering distance) on effect size estimates. Two clusters are simulated, as depicted on the left; the clusters are placed at distance, near, or overlapping. True effect sizes are +085 and -085, and between cluster coordinates have the same magnitude effect. Here S.E.M is the standard error on the effect size estimate. Coordinates are placed with a standard deviation of 45mm from the cluster centre, or 8mm for the low density example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-forest-plots-of-the-effect-sizes-in-the-most-c5yiov4o.png Figure 9. Forest plots of the effect sizes in the most significant cluster from the MS (left) and pain (right) meta-analyses. Solid circle markers indicate the effect size reported by the study in the cluster, while the confidence intervals are depicted as solid horizontal lines spanning ±1.96 times the within study standard deviation of the effect size. Censored values are indicated by open circle markers and the intervals by dashed lines (---o---); these are determined by the study thresholds and indicate regions where the likelihood contributions are computed using equations 9, 10, or 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-significant-clusters-detected-in-the-pain-29kuuv76.png Figure 8. Significant clusters detected in the pain coordinates. a) is ClusterZ using FCDR 005, b) is ClusterZ using FWE 005, c) is ALE algorithm employing p<0001 cluster forming threshold and cluster threshold of 005 (FWE corrected), and d) is ES-SDM using the recommended p<0005 threshold and cluster extent of 10 voxels. For the ClusterZ results coordinates contributing to clusters are indicated by a + marker, and different clusters are indicated by different colours. https://scispace.com/papers/coordinated-adaptive-directional-overcurrent-protection-gxrxtz7r2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-7-a-to-7-c-present-the-pictorial-representation-of-26r0pbz3.png Figures 7 (a) to 7 (c) present the pictorial representation of fault current seen by each relay for faults at F1 to F4 as shown in figure 6. It may be emphasized that in the case of the conventional radial power system, fault levels of the subsequent relays follow the decreasing sequence, as we move from the source end to the load end. Therefore, it is very simple to configure the coordination of these relays, when DGs are not connected. However, in the case of microgrids, relays do not follow the sequence of increasing or decreasing currents at the subsequent neighboring relays, as DGs can also contribute to the fault current. For instance, it can be seen in figure 7 (a), for case 1, i.e. in the gridconnected scenario, the fault current seen by the forward relay Rf3 (green colored bar) is lowest in the start, increases in line 3, and then again decreases. This is due to the current contribution by DG2. Therefore, it is essential to configure these relays based on their respective LF and SC data, and thereby adjust their TMS to ensure the standard CTI, as defined by the adaptive algorithm presented in figure 5. A similar random trend of current contribution by DGs and associated relays in subsequent lines can also be observed in other cases, i.e. for case 2 (grid-connected with two DGs) and case 3 islanded mode of microgrid operation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fault-at-line-3-coordinated-by-the-dual-stage-1eys3q6r.png Figure 11: Fault at line 3, coordinated by the dual-stage forward relay RF3 for case 2 (two DGs disconnected) (a) static dual-stage settings, (b) adaptive dual-stage settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-case-3-islanded-mode-fault-current-at-each-forward-11imjbxv.png Table 4: Case 3 (Islanded Mode); Fault current at each forward and reverse relay for line 1 to line 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-case-1-grid-connected-fault-current-at-each-forward-26lohyx5.png Table 2: Case 1 (Grid-Connected); Fault current at each forward and reverse relay for line 1 to line 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-case-2-grid-connected-with-two-dgs-fault-current-at-1bvr95o4.png Table 3: Case 2 (Grid-Connected with two DGs); Fault current at each forward and reverse relay for line 1 to line 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-characteristics-curves-for-fault-at-line-4-for-case-rwk8c427.png Figure 8: Characteristics curves for fault at line 4 for case 1 (grid- connected), (a): one-stage IDMT relay and (b): two-stage DOCR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fault-at-line-4-coordinated-by-the-single-stage-13lrmo5s.png Figure 9: Fault at line 4, coordinated by the single-stage forward relay RF3 for case 1 (gridconnected), (a): characteristic curve, (b): EMT simulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pickup-current-and-tms-for-dual-stage-docr-for-case-xsn8agg2.png Table 6: Pickup current and TMS for dual-stage DOCR for Case 2: (Grid-connected with two DGs) https://scispace.com/papers/coordination-in-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-price-4eyuee6oca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-1c4rszoc.png Table 1. Notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-green-e-orts-a-1uewkp7n.png Figure 4. Comparison between green e¤orts, A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-pricing-strategies-esf1wd1k.png Figure 5: Comparison between pricing strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-price-green-e-orts-and-returns-with-respect-to-29ltkesm.png Figure 2. Price, green e¤orts and returns with respect to : https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pareto-improving-region-3nlzroey.png Figure 10. Pareto-improving region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-m-s-pro-ts-vm-3n0ybbyf.png Figure 8: Comparison between M s pro ts, VM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relationship-between-the-coec-cients-bi-li-with-1v73ka4l.png Figure 1: The relationship between the coe¢ cients Bi; Li with respect to : https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-return-rates-r-6qln850b.png Figure 6: Comparison between return rates, r https://scispace.com/papers/coping-strategies-at-the-ages-8-10-and-12-30612pprxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-situations-frustrating-primarily-for-the-self-251kpj04.png Table 3 Situations frustrating primarily for the self – strategy choice (student and teacher, 8-year-old, %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frustrating-situations-2yz82q85.png Table 1 Frustrating situations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-situations-frustrating-for-the-self-self-report-data-1eqy1288.png Table 2 Situations frustrating for the self – self- report data and teachers’ratings (analysis of variance) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-situations-frustrating-for-a-peer-gender-ifferences-17eia1mu.png Table 11 Situations frustrating for a peer – gender ifferences by age, self-report data and teachers’ ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-situations-frustrating-primarily-for-the-self-gender-1wr1iyd9.png Table 6 Situations frustrating primarily for the self – gender differences by age, self report data and teachers’ ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-situations-frustratin-for-a-peer-self-report-data-1t3p89u6.png Table 7 Situations frustratin for a peer – self report data and teachers’ratings (analysis of variance) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-situations-frustrating-primarily-for-a-peer-2gv2ixjw.png Table 10 Situations frustrating primarily for a peer – strategy choice (student and teacher, 12-year-old, %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-situations-frustrating-primarily-for-a-peer-strategy-19gfoiux.png Table 8 Situations frustrating primarily for a peer – strategy choice (student and teacher, 8-year-old, %) https://scispace.com/papers/coping-and-caring-support-for-family-caregivers-of-stroke-14ed98ca4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prevalence-of-anxiety-depression-and-physical-health-1redmm9t.png Table 4 Prevalence of anxiety depression and physical health among caregivers at T1 and T2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-caregivers-n-1-4-47-3rr2y9ku.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of caregivers (n ¼ 47) Variable Caregivers of stroke patients (n ¼ 23) Caregivers of comparison patients (n ¼ 24) Chi-square test p-value https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-characteristics-2rghzg2x.png Table 2 Patient characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-functional-and-cognitive-status-of-patients-1cz39ddm.png Table 3 Functional and cognitive status of patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-analyses-for-physical-and-emotional-2err0qhc.png Table 6 Regression analyses for physical and emotional health outcomes at T1 and T2 Significant predictors Adjusted R2 Regression parameter (b) t-Statistics p-value Tolerance VIF https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-patients-functional-and-3h8d7adr.png Table 5 Correlations between patients’ functional and cognitive status and caregivers’ health https://scispace.com/papers/coping-with-melanoma-related-worry-a-qualitative-study-of-f36579b5ix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-emergent-categories-and-their-properties-3ojeka8q.png Table 3: Emergent categories and their properties https://scispace.com/papers/coping-with-unpredictable-supply-the-role-of-flexibility-and-1akji7v1aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-logistic-regression-analysis-of-the-impact-of-six-1vfugbgb.png Table II. Logistic regression analysis of the impact of six types of flexibility on performance https://scispace.com/papers/copper-catalyzed-rearrangement-of-oximes-into-primary-amides-2ezyijes12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-conversion-of-oximes-into-amides-with-cuo-zno-2sosofc9.png Table 5. Conversion of oximes into amides with CuO/ZnO https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-catalyst-and-conditions-a-35tni2wd.png Table 1. Optimization of catalyst and conditions.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conversion-of-oxime-4-into-products-5-and-10-using-2quvfm2f.png Table 4. Conversion of oxime 4 into products 5 and 10 using CuO/ZnO on C. https://scispace.com/papers/copper-binding-sites-in-the-manganese-oxidizing-mnx-protein-1ne82vja2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-q-band-34-322-ghz-pseudo-modulated-modulation-2ty7mnrm.png Figure 2. Q-band (34.322 GHz) pseudo-modulated (modulation amplitude, 1.0 mT) electron spin−echo (ESE) detected field swept EPR spectrum (red trace) of Mnx protein complex (240 μM) at 30 K, microwave frequency = 34.322 GHz, π/2 = 12 ns, and τ = 300 ns. (A) is the zoom in g∥ range (the black dash rectangle) of the full spectrum in (B). The corresponding ESE detected field swept EPR spectrum is shown in Figure S6. The bottom three black traces are simulations of three Cu(II) species (T2Cu-A, T2Cu-B, and T1Cu) using the same magnetic parameters described in the caption of Figure 1. Simulation of the spectrum of as-isolated Mnx (top black trace), denoted as “sim”, sums these three contributions with the ratio 2:3:1 of T2Cu-A:T2Cu-B:T1Cu. The small signal at g = 2.0 (1226.1 mT) is the quartz radical. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-epr-parameters-of-type-2-cu-sites-in-mcos-adapted-3v4k8269.png Table 1. EPR Parameters of Type 2 Cu Sites in MCOs, Adapted from Ref 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-x-band-cw-epr-spectra-of-the-as-isolated-mnx-1ck18nkx.png Figure 3. (A) X-band CW EPR spectra of the as-isolated Mnx complex (red trace) and the isolated MnxG protein (blue trace). Experimental parameters: temperature = 15 K; microwave frequency = 9.38 GHz; microwave power = 0.02 mW (no saturation); conversion time = 40 ms; modulation amplitude = 0.8 mT; and modulation frequency = 100 kHz. (B) UV−vis absorption spectra of 6 μM MnxG protein (blue trace) and 6 μM Mnx complex (red trace) at room temperature. The buffer is 20 mM HEPES, 20 mM NaCl, pH = 7.8, 20% ethylene glycol. Inset shows an expanded view of the absorption spectra in the 400−900 nm region. For MnxG protein, a baseline rising to shorter wavelengths (dashed blue line) likely results from protein aggregation. (C) UV−vis spectra taken at the indicated times during the MnxG-catalyzed oxidation of 50 μM MnSO4 in 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH = 7.8) under UV−vis light at room temperature. (D) Time profile for the early product manganese oxide during 50 μM MnSO4 oxidation by 48 nM MnxG (blue ○) in 10 mM HEPES, pH = 7.8, which is monitored by the absorbance at 240 nm in (C) in order to minimize the effect of MnO2 nanoparticle growth (resulting in a broad band ∼350 nm, see Experimental Procedures for details). The red ○ show the time profile for early product manganese oxide during 50 μM MnSO4 oxidation by 50 nM Mnx complex in 10 mM HEPES, pH = 7.8, with the corresponding UV−vis spectra shown in Figure S12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expanded-view-of-g-region-of-x-band-cw-epr-spectra-1u0crfv1.png Figure 5. Expanded view of g∥-region of X-band CW EPR spectra of freeze-quenched mixtures (aging time given in figure) of dithionitereduced Mnx complex [preincubated with 4 equiv of Mn2+(aq)] reacted with O2-saturated buffer. Spectra are the same as those published in Figure 3 of ref 27. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-band-cw-epr-spectra-of-a-as-isolated-mnx-protein-ijp34lfq.png Figure 1. X-band CW EPR spectra of (a) as-isolated Mnx protein complex (red trace), (b) the Mnx protein complex that was anaerobically reduced with 24 equiv of (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 (green trace), (c) fully reduced Mnx protein complex that was anaerobically oxidized by Mn(III)PP (blue trace), (d) the Mnx protein complex has been dialyzed with 50 mM Tris-buffer for 6 h (magenta trace), and (e) the as-isolated wild-type MnxEF protein. Experimental parameters: temperature = 15 K; microwave frequency = 9.38 GHz; microwave power = 0.02 mW (no saturation); conversion time = 40 ms; modulation amplitude = 0.8 mT; and modulation frequency = 100 kHz. Bottom three black traces are simulations of three Cu(II) species obtained using the following magnetic parameters: g = [2.055 2.055 2.320] and 63Cu A = [54 54 510] MHz corresponding to T2Cu-A; g = [2.046 2.046 2.210], 63Cu A = [54 54 615] MHz corresponding to T2Cu-B; and g = [2.050 2.065 2.305], 63Cu A = [45 45 210] MHz corresponding to T1Cu site. Simulation of the spectrum of as-isolated Mnx (top black trace), denoted as “sim”, sums these three contributions with the ratio 2:3:1 of T2Cu-A:T2Cu-B:T1Cu. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-and-type-of-copper-sites-in-the-mnx-complex-16rq0ku0.png Table 2. Number and Type of Copper Sites in the Mnx Complex (≈211 kDa) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cartoon-showing-mnx-protein-complex-and-its-cu-qabsnttw.png Figure 4. Cartoon showing Mnx protein complex and its Cu centers. Mnx complex (∼211 kDa) consists of one MnxG unit (∼138 kDa) and a putative MnxEF hexamer (E3F3, ∼ 73 kDa, as estimated by mass spectrometry). Spin quantification of the EPR spectra in this work gives the total number of Cu centers in Mnx: three copper sites per MnxEF hexamer (T2Cu-B) and five copper sites per MnxG unit. In MnxG, four MCO’s Cu(II) ions and one extra T2Cu site (green color, T2Cu-A) are shown (see Results for details). https://scispace.com/papers/coprime-dft-filter-bank-design-theoretical-bounds-and-8mrjbv45yw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-coprime-dftfb-for-m-3-and-n-2-a-p5ofz9ee.png Fig. 1. An illustration of coprime DFTFB for M = 3 and N = 2. (a) Prototype filters G ( ej2πf ) and H ( ej2πf ) . (b) Magnitude re- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-coprime-dftfb-design-example-with-m-6-n-5-ng-100-and-2qauzx3u.png Fig. 2. A coprime DFTFB design example with M = 6, N = 5, Ng = 100, and Nh = 120. dB plots of F00 ( ej2πf ) showing (a) the passband behavior, (b) part of the stopband, and (c) overall amplitude responses. https://scispace.com/papers/core-shell-structured-carbon-nanoparticles-derived-from-532proabdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-c1s-xps-spectrum-of-carbon-black-n330-cblp-and-cbp-1csa2lbo.png Fig. 5. (a) C1s XPS spectrum of carbon black N330, CBlp and CBp; and (b) O1s XPS 6 spectrum of carbon black N330, CBlp and CBp. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-of-the-c1s-peaks-of-carbon-black-n330-cblp-and-1vnxau8j.png Table 2 Area of the C1s peaks of carbon black N330, CBlp and CBp 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tem-micrographs-of-a-b-n330-c-d-cblp-and-e-f-cbp-2-23arv9nl.png Fig. 4. TEM micrographs of (a-b)N330, (c-d)CBlp and (e-f) CBp 2 https://scispace.com/papers/core-decomposition-of-uncertain-graphs-2kk1uclp7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-uncertain-graph-and-its-k-e-core-decomposition-r0jgcfup.png Figure 1: An uncertain graph and its (k, η)-core decomposition for η = 0.04. Vertex 1 has core number 1, vertices 2 and 7 have core number 2, and vertices 3, 4, 5 and 6 have core number 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-times-secs-of-the-proposed-methods-for-computing-k-e-wd6dhyd9.png Table 1: Times (secs) of the proposed methods for computing (k,η)-core decomposition (precision 64 bits). The column “gain (%)” reports the gain of the E-(k,η)-cores algorithm over the (k,η)-cores algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-three-examples-of-task-driven-team-formation-queries-3e2z9lqp.png Table 6: Three examples of task-driven team-formation queries and corresponding results. T = {gene, express}, T = {xml, tree}, T = {auction,model}, Q = {H.V.Jagadish} Q = {H.V.Jagadish, S.Muthukrishnan} Q = {S.Muthukrishnan} https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accuracy-of-the-proposed-method-in-terms-of-error-w-mugbi4lr.png Table 4: Accuracy of the proposed method in terms of error w.r.t. a ground truth (precision 64 bits). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-of-k-e-core-index-for-e-0-w-r-t-e67zhrqy.png Table 2: Accuracy of (k,η)-core index for η = 0 w.r.t. deterministic core index (ground truth) for different values of precision (bits). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-times-secs-of-the-two-proposed-methods-for-computing-34v64ab3.png Table 3: Times (secs) of the two proposed methods for computing (k,η)-core decomposition, for η = 0.1, for different values of precision (bits). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expected-spread-achieved-by-the-proposed-k-e-cores-15j440n7.png Table 5: Expected spread achieved by the proposed (k,η)-cores-based method vs. some baselines with varying the output set size |S|. https://scispace.com/papers/coriolis-coupling-as-a-source-of-non-rrkm-effects-in-ozone-34g1ns1lvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schrodinger-potential-v-x-for-the-operator-l-in-eq-24-3up7l0zx.png FIG. 4. Schrodinger potential V x for the operator L in Eq. 24 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effective-potential-well-in-eq-29-a-original-potential-dp0g38r7.png FIG. 5. Effective potential well in Eq. 29 . a original potential; b approximate potential. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-effective-diffusion-of-k-projection-of-rotational-p7sd27co.png FIG. 1. An effective diffusion of K-projection of rotational angular momentum in ozone molecule. The figure represents a single trajectory of K t from the MD simulation of a molecule of ozone. Point a corresponds to the formation of ozone molecule, point b corresponds to the dissociation of ozone molecule. The dark region corresponds to the energies at which ozone molecule cannot dissociate closed states ; the white region corresponds to open states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dissociation-rate-r-e-of-non-rotating-ozone-molecules-14239e78.png FIG. 2. Dissociation rate r E of non-rotating ozone molecules as a function of excess energy above the dissociation barrier. Part a presents lifetime statistics P t for the energies E=Ediss+0.04 eV top line and E=Ediss +0.08 eV bottom line . Part b represents the rates r E as a function of excess energy on the interval from 0 to 0.08 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-exact-and-analytical-45-results-for-368xkjb0.png FIG. 6. Comparison of exact and analytical 45 results for potential 30 shown in Fig. 5 b . Solid lines stand for P t obtained using exact eigenfunctions of the model 30 . Dashed lines represent the approximate analytical expression 45 . Curves i represent results for the total energy E=Ediss+kT, J=20 , Dc=0.0005 ps −1, and r0=0.125 ps −1; curves ii represent results for the total energy E=Ediss+kT, J=20 , Dc=0.003 ps −1 and r0=0.125 ps −1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-analytical-results-from-eq-45-and-7pr5fb49.png FIG. 7. Comparison between analytical results from Eq. 45 and numerical results of MD simulations from Refs. 3 and 4. The notations used are the same as in Fig. 3. Constant parameter Dc was taken as Dc Evib J . In case i the analytical result 45 is normalized by P 0 and plotted as P t /P 0 since in this case the approximation Dc r0 that is necessary for Eq. 45 is not well satisfied . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lifetime-statistics-p-t-of-excited-ozone-molecules-276zd9vf.png FIG. 3. Lifetime statistics P t of excited ozone molecules. Solid lines are the results of MD simulations taken from Refs. 3 and 4. Dashed lines are the corresponding theoretical results obtained from solution of the differential Eq. 10 . Curves i represent results for the total energy E=Ediss+0.2 kT and J=5.6 ; curves ii represent results for E=Ediss+0.2 kT and J=0; curves iii represent results for E=Ediss+3 kT and J=22 , where kT=0.025 eV is room temperature. a represents the time interval from 0 to 80 ps; b represents the time interval from 0 to 1000 ps. https://scispace.com/papers/cornerstones-of-patient-blood-management-in-surgery-8izk4a9hpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implementing-pbm-in-elective-surgery-13u1hq2p.png Table 1. Implementing PBM in elective surgery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nice-quality-standards-nice-2016-161pn769.png Table 2. NICE Quality Standards (NICE, 2016). https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-brand-values-perception-gap-analysis-as-an-zbk3z6di26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-company-x-brand-values-2ig3w254.png Table 1. Company X Brand Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relations-between-the-main-company-stakeholders-1qg8sbof.png Figure 1. Relations between the main company stakeholders evolving in the process of corporate brand value formation and development https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-actions-of-front-and-back-office-employees-for-xxtnbtao.png Table 2. Actions of Front- and Back-Office Employees for Communicating the Company System of Values to the Clients https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-and-firm-value-in-mexico-4urhertk1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-level-of-compliance-of-the-cpmc-vt55eb4d.png Figure 4.2. Level of Compliance of the CPMC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-partial-regression-plot-of-cg-index-and-roe-2o533fco.png Figure 4.5. Partial Regression Plot of CG Index and ROE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-price-to-book-value-of-equity-in-mexico-25l2839y.png Figure 3.7. Price to Book Value of Equity in Mexico https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-market-capitalization-to-gdp-wurp1q91.png Figure 3.1. Market Capitalization to GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-correlation-matrix-of-the-main-variables-ow2yz4xd.png Table 4.3. Correlation Matrix of the Main Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-level-of-compliance-of-the-cpmc-31wzhkan.png Figure 4.3. Level of Compliance of the CPMC https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-dividend-regressions-1nfp9rmz.png Table 4.6. Dividend Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-performance-regressions-2bsnfw9n.png Table 4.5. Performance Regressions https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-and-firm-value-the-impact-of-chinese-24fatcr9o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rankins-csr-rating-system-up0x1xg2.png Table 3. Rankins CSR Rating System https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-2ty25qlp.png Table 5. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-csr-score-trends-of-the-sample-companies-2pzezu79.png Table 4. CSR Score Trends of the Sample Companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-criteria-for-group-division-3i3u7caa.png Table 10. Criteria for Group Division https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-the-key-variables-2oqimhc2.png Table 2. Definition of the Key Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-industry-classification-of-the-sample-companie-27yueh33.png Table 1. Industry Classification of the Sample Companie https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-causality-test-bn2ytu1u.png Table 7. Causality Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-csr-and-firm-value-10u5x4f7.png Table 8. CSR and Firm Value https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-and-the-mondragon-cooperatives-3y0h7gqddd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-control-mechanism-in-the-mondragon-cooperative-1wu2kgsv.png FIGURE 2 Control Mechanism in the Mondragón Cooperative Corporation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mondragon-cooperative-corporation-32q5uezm.png FIGURE 1 The Mondragón Cooperative Corporation https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-in-china-a-meta-analysis-2ohzy8mstd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-continued-19hyzafa.png Table II. Definitions and measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-results-of-mixed-effects-wls-regression-partial-r0szzvh7.png Table VIII. Results of mixed-effects WLS regression partial correlation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-definitions-and-measures-3a7frpma.png Table II. Definitions and measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-cumulative-evidence-on-the-relationship-between-38pho174.png Table XI. Cumulative evidence on the relationship between governance mechanisms and firm performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-sizes-versus-time-colour-figure-can-be-25rrooi8.png Figure 1. Effect sizes versus time [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-results-of-mixed-effects-wls-regression-partial-mxqorrol.png Table IX. Results of mixed-effects WLS regression partial correlation results and stock market capitalization https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-results-of-mixed-effects-wls-regression-partial-58n4arzd.png Table X. Results of mixed-effects WLS regression partial correlation results and stock market value https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-three-stages-of-institutional-transitions-of-f3p0qon1.png Table I. Three stages of institutional transitions of corporate governance in China https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-tax-policy-and-unemployment-in-europe-an-applied-2gzyk6m37o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-labour-market-equilibrium-14h08l5g.png Figure 1: Labour market equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-unilateral-increase-of-the-corporate-tax-rate-cjoomq2s.png Table A.3: Unilateral increase of the corporate tax rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compensating-variations-from-unilateral-increase-in-9d9pwg34.png Figure 3: Compensating variations from unilateral increase in τp (%GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-on-the-labor-market-after-unilateral-1arhxyej.png Figure 2: Changes on the labor market after unilateral increase in τp (% of basecase labour supply) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-alternative-tax-increases-by-0-5-percent-1d7nbvre.png Table 2: Effects of alternative tax increases by 0.5 percent of GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-between-the-unemployment-rate-after-2biko3y9.png Figure 6: Difference between the unemployment rate after unilateral and multilateral increase of τp (pp) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-compensating-variations-of-unilateral-and-sx50y07z.png Figure 7: Compensating variations of unilateral and multilateral increase of τp (%GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-unilateral-increase-of-the-labour-tax-rate-3pqfflf6.png Table A.4: Unilateral increase of the labour tax rate https://scispace.com/papers/correct-by-construction-microarchitectural-pipelining-5de730j52r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bypass-transformation-for-rf-or-memory-o4si2ick.png Fig. 1. Bypass transformation for RF or memory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-top-to-bottom-a-elastic-model-of-reduced-instruction-gy3bffax.png Fig. 10. Top to bottom: (a) Elastic model of reduced instruction set; (b) After 3 elastic bypassing and retiming; (c) Duplicate mux, move anti-tokens across; (d) Final pipelined after transformations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-bypass-assuming-1-cycle-dependency-b-insertion-of-38aeynxk.png Fig. 9. (a) Bypass assuming 1-cycle dependency; (b) Insertion of anti-tokens and EBs; (c) After retiming and capacity sizing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-cases-a-ra-6-wa-b-ra-wa-3ilkhttm.png Fig. 4. Simulation cases: (a) ra 6= wa′; (b) ra = wa′ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-speed-up-in-figure-3-d-2lwtcg2j.png Fig. 5. Speed-up in Figure 3(d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-1-instruction-isa-model-b-rf-bypassed-c-retimed-waem7kv3.png Fig. 3. (a) 1-instruction ISA model; (b) RF bypassed; (c) Retimed pipeline; (d) Bubble inserted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bypass-of-register-file-in-loop-with-logic-3uk10gc1.png Fig. 2. Bypass of register file in loop with logic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-performance-results-of-elastic-pipelines-3m97hvzc.png Fig. 11. Performance results of elastic pipelines https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-based-adaptive-pilot-pattern-in-control-data-22vr57m32l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nmse-of-the-estimated-pilot-spacing-with-st-500-ns-myq99j9p.png Fig. 5. NMSE of the estimated pilot spacing with στ = 500 ns https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-2cfl173c.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overhead-reduction-in-the-proposed-scheme-w-r-t-the-13slxo4n.png Fig. 6. Overhead reduction in the proposed scheme w.r.t. the static worstcase pattern. Simulation parameters: exponential PDP, Υf = Υt = 90%, FFT size = 2048, used subcarriers = 1200, OFDM symbols = 140, minimum pilot density = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-overhead-reduction-in-the-proposed-scheme-w-r-t-lte-2r5tf4an.png Fig. 8. Overhead reduction in the proposed scheme w.r.t. LTE CRS pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-of-the-proposed-adaptive-pattern-vs-lte-crs-8q6va1up.png Fig. 7. BER of the proposed adaptive pattern vs LTE CRS pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-control-data-separation-architecture-xjonbuxy.png Fig. 1. Control/Data separation architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-system-model-360qly2t.png Fig. 2. Proposed system model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noise-effects-on-the-correlation-function-signal-to-1os4pjoz.png Fig. 3. Noise effects on the correlation function. signal-to-noise ratio = 3 dB https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-between-the-high-frequency-elastic-modulus-and-4wmqxk6yt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dlvo-potential-energies-of-interaction-dimensionless-3dx7lhh6.png Fig. 1 DLVO potential energies of interaction (dimensionless by factor kB T) as a function of the surface-to-surface distance between particles, H, for both commercial and spherical particles at the ionic strengths indicated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-elastic-solid-symbols-and-viscous-open-symbols-moduli-18ks4rj2.png Fig. 2 Elastic (solid symbols) and viscous (open symbols) moduli of commercial zirconia suspensions as a function of the frequency, f, of the applied shear-stress at an ionic strength of 1 mM NaCl, for the different volume fractions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-high-frequency-values-of-the-elastic-modulus-g-c-y-as-4o6hi61b.png Fig. 4 High-frequency values of the elastic modulus, G ¢¥ as a function of the volume fraction of solids and the electrolyte concentrations indicated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-2-but-for-synthesized-spheres-suspensions-1bjwu5la.png Fig. 3 Same as Fig. 2, but for synthesized spheres suspensions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-frequency-modulus-as-a-function-of-the-surface-3uqsf25l.png Fig. 5 High-frequency modulus as a function of the surface-tosurface distance between particles at the different [NaCl]. Solid symbols rheological data; open symbols Buscall and co-workers model; cross symbolsWagner model; half-solid symbols Bergenholtz and co-workers model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-g-c-y-vs-h-considering-only-the-repulsive-component-of-lub70on5.png Fig. 6 G ¢¥ vs H considering only the repulsive component of the potential in the models calculations. Solid symbols experimental data; open symbols Buscall and co-workers model; half-solid symbols Bergenholtz and co-workers model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electrophoretic-mobility-le-and-f-potential-of-both-y5hf3vz9.png Table 1 Electrophoretic mobility, le, and f-potential of both synthetic and commercial ZrO2 particles for the different ionic strengths https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surface-free-energy-and-ab-components-of-zirconia-18roia1b.png Table 2 Surface free-energy and AB components of zirconia for the different NaCl concentrations https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-of-in-flight-displacement-damage-on-the-osl-25ubx1caal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-icare-ng-measurements-available-per-day-s50mj27c.png Fig. 3: Percentage of ICARE-NG measurements available per day on-board JASON-2 from beginning of mission to end of 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coverage-of-icare-ng-measurements-versus-time-the-2p1t5ist.png Fig. 2: Coverage of ICARE-NG measurements versus time. The yellow curve indicates the solar activity via F10.7 index. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-measurements-of-the-osl-ddd-with-2ckgv8jy.png Fig. 11: Comparison of the measurements of the OSL DDD with those derived from the proton measurement with the ICARE-NG spectrometers and AP8 min AP9/Perturbed (40 scenarios). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measurements-of-39-82-mev-solar-flare-protons-by-the-1t20tn6i.png Fig. 10: Measurements of 39-82 MeV solar flare protons by the GOES satellites (top panel) and estimated daily DDD on the OSL from ICARE-NG proton measurements (bottom panel) over time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fish-eye-views-of-the-shielding-around-the-osl-sensor-2foca77y.png Fig. 8: "Fish eye" views of the shielding around the OSL sensor bottom is forward (2π steradians) and top is backward (2π other steradians). Color scale is in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-response-function-of-damage-factor-of-the-osl-sensor-7aiy30er.png Fig. 9: Response function of damage factor of the OSL sensor considering isotropic proton incidence versus proton energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-integrated-flux-spectrum-in-black-and-approximation-by-22gbqkd0.png Fig. 4: Integrated flux spectrum in black and approximation by a polynomial of degree 4 in log-log in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-differential-spectrum-with-icare-ng-measurements-in-3cs9qn6i.png Fig. 5: Differential spectrum with ICARE-NG measurements in black and differential spectrum deduced from integral measurements in red. https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-of-multi-temporal-ground-based-optical-images-1n1s0sfxk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-advantages-and-disadvatages-for-gb-insat-2yig9dln.png Table 1. Relative advantages and disadvatages for GB-InSAT, TLS and TOP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-precision-of-the-correlation-algorithm-a-examples-of-3o5ayzeh.png Fig. 12. Precision of the correlation algorithm. (A) Examples of different level of Gaussian noise created in the images of displacements (B) Precision of the hierarchical correlator in the u and v direction as a function of different levels of Gaussian noise (σn2) and different sizes of the correlation window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-principle-of-the-normalized-hierarchical-image-3v0c78zg.png Fig. 4. Principle of the normalized hierarchical image correlation. The correlation computation starts from the lowest resolution to the highest resolution by keeping constant the size of the correlation window and the explored area, while their physical size is decreasing. At each higher resolution level, the explored area is centered on the pixel with the highest t correlation value of the previous resolution level. The estimate of the position of the maximum correlation value is thus increased. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-of-the-methodology-2vntw2hm.png Fig 3. Flowchart of the methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-of-results-for-the-correlation-of-two-images-21wv6f21.png Fig. 13. Example of results for the correlation of two images acquired with one year interval (15th July 2008-14th July 2009), at the same solar time and clear sky conditions. Depending on the location in the landslide, some areas conserved their texture while others areas affected by strong weathering and ground deformation (loading of the snow and landslide displacement) display a totally different ground texture. The incoherency of the displacements is therefore clearly identifiable (inhomogeneous amplitude and direction of the displacement vectors). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-displacement-rates-amplitude-color-and-displacement-33h3hyac.png Fig. 8. Displacement rates amplitude (color) and displacement direction (arrows) in the image plane and cumulated displacements along 8 profiles crossing the landslide over the period the 20the May to the 25the June 2008. In order to highlight the displacement direction, the arrow length is normalized in each image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-effect-of-the-dem-on-the-ortho-rectification-of-the-3133nda9.png Fig. 17. Effect of the DEM on the ortho-rectification of the displacement field. (A) relative difference between the displacement field of the 1st June orthorectified with a DEM of 2007 and a DEM of 2009. (B) Histogram of the relative differences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-minimum-metric-displacement-for-pixel-accuracy-in-v-ovogqwy2.png Fig. 7. Minimum metric displacement for pixel accuracy in v-axis (A) and u-axis (B) according to the angle of incidence. The sensitivity of metric displacements to small changes in u and v directions drastically increases for angle of incidence below 5°. (C) and (D) histograms and cumulative distribution function of the metric displacements resulting for 1 pixel displacement in v-axis and u-axis. 50% of the pixels in the image plane inside the landslide area shows a metric sensitivity less than 0.17 m for 1 pixel displacement in v-axis and 0.07 m in u-axis. https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-of-oscillatory-behaviour-in-matlab-using-3yda7p0w2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-from-the-code-applied-to-data-concerning-2s9mbh3m.png Fig. 6. Output from the code, applied to data concerning Hydrogen Sulphide and Carbon Monoxide emissions from the North East Crater of Mount Etna, showing: (a) the 2D correlation image and (b) the 3D correlation image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-application-of-the-code-on-synthetic-q8wfqs7g.png Fig. 1. An example application of the code on synthetic signals showing: (a) the signals themselves (two sinusoids of period 125 s with noise added); (b) the correlation image generated by the code, with the 1:1 line marked in white, indicating where mutual oscillations are present; (c) and (d) Welch's power spectral densities of the two series, which show the dominant oscillation at 125 s in each case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-plots-auto-generated-by-the-code-a-correlation-27lre50m.png Fig. 3. Three plots auto-generated by the code: (a) correlation coefficients along the diagonal 1:1 line extracted from the correlation image in Fig. 1b, showing the scales at which correlation is manifested; the wavelet coefficient time series corresponding to scales of maximum (b) and minimum (c) correlation coefficients in (a). The latter plots allow the user to investigate temporal lags between the series, in this case confirming that the two series have a mutual in phase oscillation at 125 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-application-of-the-code-on-a-cosinusoidal-1636n89q.png Fig. 4. An example application of the code on: (a) cosinusoidal (s1) and sinusoidal (s2) signals, with matching period of 90 s and added random noise. In (b) the last auto-generated plot by the code shows the correlation coefficients at the given lag value and wavelet coefficient scale. The latter plot is of particular use for determining lags, in addition to those in Fig. 3, and also when signals are not in perfect phase or antiphase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-application-of-our-code-on-temperature-and-1zh5ka2a.png Fig. 5. An example application of our code on temperature and relative humidity measurements, acquired hourly at the automatic weather station of the Department of Geography, at the University of Sheffield, showing: (a) the raw data; (b) the correlation plot, revealing positive correlation on scales 4200 h indicative of synoptic meteorological trends and negative correlation on scales of a day in line with diurnal changes; (c) and (d) continuous wavelet transforms for the two series and (e) and (f) the cross wavelet coherence and cross wavelet spectrum plots for the data, indicating that the approach presented here provides more intuitive and straightforward visual identification of the inter-series links, than available from these alternatives. https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-of-microstructure-of-sintered-mullite-bodies-17gk4t4v9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-40-z6323srn.png Fig. 40. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-physical-properties-of-sintered-compacts-of-5-hour-yhwsfk6e.png Table 14. Physical Properties of Sintered Compacts of 5 Hour~ Ground Mullite with Additions of A~14 Alumina. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-h-cf-ng-f-siic-ril-po-ri-t-s-i-h-c-i-h-c-t-w-i-h-i-3mibrv9h.png Fig, 11, H[cf'ng f; sIIC",ril)?; po ( ri t s I (h,) c I h,c t w [ i h I(anl in samp i https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-correlations-of-loss-in-mg-cm-2-with-initial-weight-qcvwsse9.png Fig. 17. Correlations of loss in mg/cm 2 with initial weight % Si02 after exposure to 15% HF aqueous solution for 24 hrs for as-received and heat treated specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-room-temperature-modulus-of-rupture-3jgbvy5x.png Table 4. Room Temperature Modulus of Rupture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ultimate-engineering-stress-specimen-no-treatment-rq34jupp.png Table 5. Ultimate Engineering Stress. Specimen No. Treatment Ult. Eng. id Stress (psi) UES Non~Acid 1 None 4360 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-average-particle-size-and-ta8koz7k.png Fig. 6. Relationship between average particle size and grinding time for mullite powders ground with alumina media only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2l-correlation-of-bulk-density-with-initial-weight-si02-hbcpmjgz.png Fig. 2L Correlation of bulk density with initial weight % Si02 for heat treated specimens and for specimens heat treated and exposed to 15% HF aqueous solution for 24 hrs. https://scispace.com/papers/correlations-between-maxwell-s-multipoles-for-gaussian-d2o75ltm6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-2-point-correlation-function-on-the-sphere-332syuc4.png Figure 2. The 2-point correlation function on the sphere ρsphere, plotted against θ (in degrees) for multipoles with separation θ for (a) = 3; (b) = 5; (c) = 10; (d) = 100. The function has been divided by the square of multipole density /2π (so approaches 1 for large ), and the behaviour for small θ is quadratic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-spherical-function-for-10-the-radius-of-2ztis1fd.png Figure 1. A sample spherical function for = 10. The radius of the plot is determined by (θ, φ) plus a constant, and shaded according to the value of . The Maxwell multipole directions for the function are also represented. https://scispace.com/papers/correlations-in-metal-release-profiles-following-sorption-by-38ql1eiij8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dendogram-of-cluster-analysis-ca-h9ihfa8x.png Figure 2. Dendogram of Cluster Analysis (CA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-regression-analysis-of-release-profiles-for-5-3uneeu5o.png Figure 3.(a-c) Regression analysis of release profiles for 5 days (Continued). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-parameters-of-sampling-stations-used-in-3ubzwvgq.png Table 2. Water parameters of sampling stations used in bioremediation experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-release-correlations-between-metal-loid-s-in-water-2ubkomzy.png Table 3. Release correlations between metal(loid)s in water during 5 days. https://scispace.com/papers/correlations-of-nucleate-boiling-heat-transfer-and-critical-10tvasliub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-schematic-diagram-of-the-sblb-test-facility-27xvxa0m.png Figure 3. OVERALL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE SBLB TEST FACILITY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-boiling-test-procedure-s96xzvbz.png Figure 4. STEADY STATE BOILING TEST PROCEDURE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nucleate-boiling-data-and-correlations-for-a-plain-1ycd4pc1.png FIGURE 5. NUCLEATE BOILING DATA AND CORRELATIONS FOR A PLAIN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nucleate-boiling-data-and-correlations-for-a-coated-eyc60t74.png FIGURE 6. NUCLEATE BOILING DATA AND CORRELATIONS FOR A COATED VESSEL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-the-chf-enhancement-factors-1zw6nrup.png FIGURE 10. DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHF ENHANCEMENT FACTORS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nucleate-boiling-data-and-correlations-for-a-coated-2gvfn36b.png FIGURE 8. NUCLEATE BOILING DATA AND CORRELATIONS FOR A COATED VESSEL WITH ENHANCED https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nucleate-boiling-data-and-correlations-for-a-plain-237lpyn2.png FIGURE 7. NUCLEATE BOILING DATA AND CORRELATIONS FOR A PLAIN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-photos-of-aluminum-and-copper-micro-porous-2zazuvxx.png Figure 1. SEM PHOTOS OF ALUMINUM AND COPPER MICRO-POROUS LAYER COATINGS https://scispace.com/papers/corrosion-assessment-of-asme-qualified-welding-procedures-4xqkyokxvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-quantitative-determination-of-electrochemical-1hc4ev78.png Figure 12. Quantitative determination of electrochemical parameters from CPP tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cyclic-potentiodynamic-polarization-curves-of-2cb54or0.png Figure 13. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves of fusion line microregions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantitation-of-the-ferrite-content-on-the-weld-22ck87hi.png Figure 3. Quantitation of the ferrite content on the weld micro-regions of WPS 1 and WPS 2, measured by ferrite-scope. The error bars is standard deviation of 10 measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-microscopy-images-of-a-base-metal-bm-b-weld-1pq6r1cw.png Figure 2. Optical microscopy images of: (a) base metal (BM), (b) weld face region showing Widmanstätten austenite, (c) fusion line (FL) showing Cr-nitride containing zones and (d) the weld root (WR) with secondary austenite and Cr-depleted zones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-quantitative-determination-of-the-degree-of-2txpw40x.png Table 4. Quantitative determination of the degree of sensitization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-in-chemical-composition-of-austenite-1eb9nmhr.png Table 3. Variance in chemical composition of austenite/ferrite for the investigated microregions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cpp-curves-obtained-in-3-5-nacl-for-the-studied-1gh265md.png Figure 11. CPP curves obtained in 3.5% NaCl for the studied regions: (a) base metal LDX 2101, (b) weld face, (c) fusion line and (d) weld root. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-micrographs-of-the-surface-of-ldss-2101-after-1jb7ekpy.png Figure 8. SEM micrographs of the surface of LDSS 2101 after DL-EPR tests: (a) base metal, (b and c) weld face, (d and e) fusion line and (f) weld root. https://scispace.com/papers/cortical-activity-during-walking-and-balance-tasks-in-older-2ji0gocpq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prisma-flow-chart-of-study-design-this-illustrates-the-1rd72w4w.png Fig. 2. PRISMA flow chart of study design. This illustrates the yield of the search strategy at each stage of the study selection process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-cortical-activation-recorded-from-fnirs-2fjc65kh.png Fig. 3. Overview of cortical activation recorded from fNIRS and EEG during walking and balance tasks in older adults and Parkinson’s disease. [Arrows represent findings of increased cortical activity during the separate tasks within specific brain regions]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-search-string-used-for-study-acquisition-this-24g0ge5q.png Fig 1. Search string used for study acquisition. This illustrates the four key terms used for this review and the synonyms used for each. https://scispace.com/papers/corrosion-processes-of-austenitic-stainless-steels-and-3jfj7p3g86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-possible-redox-2391i053.png TABLE II - Possible Redox https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-corrosion-potential-behavior-for-cda102-copper-2luxe5qf.png FIG. 4. Corrosion potential behavior for CDA102 copper irradiated in J-i3 weli watar at 3.3 Mrad/h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-composition-of-j-13-well-water-based-upon-2i87pngh.png TABLE I - Average Composition of J-13 Well Water (based upon measurements using ICP-OES, IC, and Technicon AutoAnalyzer) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-of-the-corrosion-potential-for-aisi-316l-2d3rmdvz.png FIG. 3. Response of the corrosion potential for AISI 316L stainless steel in unir radiated J-13 well water to which successive additions of H20 2 were made. In this figure, one drop of H2O2 (from a 30% solution) represents a resulting solution con centration of 0.5 mM. The solution was continuously stirred by a magnetic stirrer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-corrosion-potential-behavior-for-aisi-316l-stainless-16dh5jem.png FIG. 2. Corrosion potential behavior for AISI 316L stainless steel in gamms-irradiated J-13 well water. Following the last "off" half-cycle the irradiated solution was decanted and replaced by a fresh, unirradiated solution. Following this, two https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-corrosion-potential-behavior-for-aisi-316l-stainless-3bkobwyi.png FIG. 1. Corrosion potential behavior for AISI 316L stainless steel in 10X concen trated J-13 well water under ganuna irradiation. The solution was not exposed to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-response-of-the-corrosion-potent-ia-l-for-cda102-11d7on2r.png FIG. 5. Response of the corrosion potent ia l for CDA102 copper in unirradiated J -13 well water to which one drop of 30% H2O2 solut ion was added, corresponding to a s o l u t i o n concent ra t ion of 0.5 mM. The solut ion was s t i rred unt i l indicated on the Figure. https://scispace.com/papers/cosmological-shock-waves-in-the-large-scale-structure-of-the-51y2yvg141 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gas-thermalization-efficiency-m-and-cr-acceleration-bjhgxnib.png Fig. 5.—Gas thermalization efficiency, (M ), and CR acceleration efficiency, (M ), as functions of Mach number. Red and blue dots are the values estimated from numerical simulations based on a DSAmodel, and red and blue lines are the fits. The top panel shows the case without pre-existing CRs, while the bottom panel shows the case with pre-existing CRs at a level of PCR/Pg 0:3 in the preshock region. The black solid line is for the gas thermalization efficiency for shocks without CRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-gas-mass-distribution-in-the-gas-density-z8x7g5fq.png Fig. 1.—Top: Gas mass distribution in the gas density-temperature plane at z ¼ 0 for the Adiabatic, NO GSW, and GSW simulations. Bottom: Gas mass fraction as a function of gas temperature at z ¼ 0 for the three simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-shock-kinetic-energy-passed-dy-dotted-lines-3tm3jtae.png Fig. 6.—Left: Shock kinetic energy passed, dY (dotted lines), thermal energy dissipated, dYth (dashed lines), and CR energy dissipated, dYCR (solid lines), through surfaces of cosmological shocks with Mach number between logM and logM þ d( logM ) (top) and through surfaces of cosmological shocks with shock speed between log Vs and log Vs þ d( log Vs) (bottom), integrated from z ¼ 5 to 0. Red and magenta lines are the CR energy for the cases without and with pre-existing CRs, respectively. Blue and green lines are the thermal energy for the cases without and with pre-existing CRs, respectively. The thermal energy expected to be dissipated at cosmological shocks without CRs (long-dashed cyan lines) is also plotted for comparison.Right: Cumulative energy distributions, Yi (>M ) (top) and Yi (>Vs) (bottom), for Mach number greater thanM and for shock speed greater than Vs. The energies are normalized by the gas thermal energy at z ¼ 0 inside the simulation box. All quantities are for the GSW simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-dimensional-slice-of-85-h-1-mpc-2-showing-shock-2upa8bse.png Fig. 2.—Two-dimensional slice of (85 h 1 Mpc)2 showing shock locations at z ¼ 0 in the GSW simulation, which are color coded according to shock speed as follows: black for Vs < 15 km s 1, blue for 15 Vs < 65 km s 1, green for 65 Vs < 250 km s 1, red for 250 Vs < 1000 km s 1, and magenta for Vs 1000 km s 1. A blown-up image of the box (dashed line) in the top right corner is shown in Fig. 3, while a blown-up image of the box (solid line) around two merging clusters is shown in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-dimensional-slice-of-21-25-h-1-mpc-2-around-two-3lg0shs8.png Fig. 7.—Two-dimensional slice of (21:25 h 1 Mpc)2 around two merging clusters with kT 1Y2 keVat z ¼ 0 in the GSW simulation. Distributions of gas density (top left), temperature (top right), shock locations (bottom left), and vorticity (bottom right) are shown. In the gas density, temperature, and vorticity distributions, black, blue, and red contours represent regions of low, middle, and high values, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-slice-of-21-25-h-1-mpc-2-showing-shock-109ymflu.png Fig. 3.—Two-dimensional slice of (21:25 h 1 Mpc)2 showing shock locations at z ¼ 0 in the Adiabatic, NO GSW, and GSW simulations. The locations are color coded according to shock speed. Two groups in the GSW simulation have kT 0:2Y0:3 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-gas-mass-distribution-in-the-gas-mass-density-1d64bi3x.png Fig. 8.—Top: Gas mass distribution in the gas mass density-vorticity parameter plane at z ¼ 0 for the Adiabatic, NO GSW, and GSW simulations. The vorticity parameter is defined as ¼ !tage(z), where ! ¼ j: < vj and tage(z) is the age of the universe at redshift z. Bottom: Gas mass fraction as a function of vorticity parameter at z ¼ 0 for the three simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-inverse-of-the-mean-comoving-distance-between-2na065su.png Fig. 4.—Left: Inverse of the mean comoving distance between shock surfaces as a function of Mach number M (top) and shock speed Vs (bottom) at z ¼ 0 for the Adiabatic (solid lines), NO GSW (dashed lines), and GSW (dotted lines) simulations. Right: Kinetic energy flux per comoving volume passing through shock surfaces in units of 1040 ergs s 1 (h 1 Mpc) 3 as a function of M (top) and Vs (bottom). Note that the bottom two panels have different ranges of abscissa. https://scispace.com/papers/cosmological-magnetohydrodynamic-simulations-of-galaxy-1w6oke7acx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-magnetic-field-strength-as-a-function-of-33h0ecbb.png Fig. 3.— Average magnetic field strength as a function of density, where each cell is weighted by the density, with the shaded area denoting the standard deviation. For reference, we show an analytic function that is linear with ρ at low density and flattens at high density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-integrated-gas-properties-in-the-1quygq6x.png Fig. 5.— Time evolution of integrated gas properties in the volume surrounding the structures of interest. For density, temperature, and magnetic field, we calculate a weighted average, using density as the weight. For radio and X-ray values, we calculate the total emission within the innermost nested region of the simulation. Note the simulation was run beyond z = 0 to allow the merger to finish. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-polarization-fraction-and-direction-in-each-panel-the-2bs11rxl.png Fig. 9.— Polarization fraction and direction. In each panel, the polarization direction is denoted by the black quivers, while the polarization fraction is represented by both the color scale as well as quiver length. The top panel shows the relic at full resolution (7.8kpc/h), while the lower panels show the same view at 4 times worse resolution. At z = 0.2, the redshift of CIZA J2242.8+5301, this corresponds to angular resolutions of 3.36′′ and 13.44′′, respectively. The left panels show the polarization for the “edge-on” (top) while the right shows the “face-on” view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-dual-plane-polarization-test-the-polarization-ir0wq8bb.png Fig. 11.— Dual plane polarization test. The polarization fraction as a function of image pixel across the mid-plane of the image, shown for varying viewing angles that are measured as an offset in the x− y plane from a viewing direction of ~L = (1, 0, 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-on-and-off-axis-faraday-rotation-test-the-left-panel-1mv6iy5h.png Fig. 10.— On and off-axis Faraday rotation test. The left panel shows the on-axis Faraday rotation through a magnetized sphere, with an image width equal to the domain size. The right panel shows the same rotation, but off-axis and with a width of 1.6 larger than the left, to show the off-axis nature of the domain. The electron number density and magnetic field strength of the sphere are chosen to rotate the polarization angle π radians for the rays passing through the center of the sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-zoom-in-of-the-lower-left-radio-relic-the-left-two-6j9wbxwl.png Fig. 8.— A zoom in of the lower left radio relic. The left two panels show radio emission-weighted projections of the Mach number (left), and magnetic field strength (middle). The right panel shows a slice of the magnetic field strength, with black lines indicating the local magnetic field direction in the plane of the slice and the white overlay show the location of cells identified to be shocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectral-index-of-simulated-radio-relic-emission-the-2b99fam8.png Fig. 7.— Spectral index of simulated radio relic emission. The left portion of the image shows the “edge-on” view, whereas the right shows the “face-on” view. Both views are on the same scale. The left colorbar shows the mapping of color to the integrated spectral index including particle aging. The right colorbar shows the mapping of color to the prompt spectral index. Both colorbars apply to both views, providing a rough estimate of the uncertainty in our models of the spectral index. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-plots-of-gas-properties-indicating-the-location-3bc08ree.png Fig. 4.— Phase plots of gas properties indicating the location of the kinetic energy flux and radio emission at shock fronts. The left plots show the kinetic energy distribution, while the right plots follow the radio emissivity. The top panels show the distributions as a function of magnetic field strength on the y-axis, and Mach number on the x-axis. The lower panels show them as a function of temperature on the y-axis, and density on the x-axis. https://scispace.com/papers/cost-analysis-of-mini-hydro-power-plant-using-bacterial-3o2m27vwz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pelton-turbine-e0882g7p.png Figure 1. Pelton Turbine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cost-of-mini-hydro-power-plants-3ni2aevo.png Figure 2. Cost of mini hydro power plants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-costs-of-mini-and-micro-hpp-with-pelton-turbine-1kp3mxic.png Figure 10. Costs of mini and micro HPP with Pelton Turbine according to Flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-percentage-errors-between-the-1s3nr4lv.png Table 5. Comparison of the percentage errors between the Suggested approach and the most popular literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-electromechanical-cost-estimate-table-of-small-scale-141nw966.png Table 3. Electromechanical cost estimate table of small scale hydro power plants in literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-costs-of-mini-and-micro-hpp-with-francis-turbine-9pv78te0.png Figure 8. Costs of mini and micro HPP with francis turbine according to installed power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-costs-of-mini-and-micro-hpp-with-francis-turbine-om9f4qcq.png Figure 9. Costs of mini and micro HPP with francis turbine according to installed power https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-of-small-scale-hydro-power-plants-with-3cgf037v.png Table 4. Parameters of small scale hydro power plants with pelton turbines in Italy https://scispace.com/papers/cost-based-placement-of-vdpi-functions-in-nfv-1i0cjmfk6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evaluation-on-random-graphs-with-erdos-node-degree-1qpbbeoz.png FIGURE 1: Evaluation on random graphs with Erdos node degree distributions. Figures represent for a site opening costs of $2500 the number of vDPIs (left) and the costs (right). https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effectiveness-of-ashrae-standard-90-1-2013-for-the-13zw9kwqj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-energy-use-saving-results-in-new-york-energy-use-88jir4pd.png Table 11. Energy Use Saving Results in New York, Energy Use per Square Foot https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-construction-weights-by-building-type-2t504uwy.png Table 4. Construction Weights by Building Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-annual-energy-cost-savings-for-new-york-ft-2-1lah15vm.png Table 3. Annual Energy Cost Savings for New York ($/ft 2 ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-energy-cost-saving-results-in-new-york-per-square-2w1pn4mx.png Table 10. Energy Cost Saving Results in New York, $ per Square Foot https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-c-annual-energy-usage-for-buildings-in-new-york-in-198zgy9p.png Table 12.C. Annual Energy Usage for Buildings in New York in Climate Zone 6A https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-energy-rates-for-new-york-average-per-unit-3rtmcrs9.png Table 9. Energy Rates for New York, Average $ per unit https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simple-payback-for-new-york-years-a0ph8b83.png Table 6. Simple Payback for New York (Years) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-b-annual-energy-usage-for-buildings-in-new-york-in-25hiohh9.png Table 12.C. Annual Energy Usage for Buildings in New York in Climate Zone 6A https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effective-hiring-in-us-high-schools-estimating-optimal-2vn4i04zkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sur-estimation-results-for-student-to-teacher-ratio-1wq2t9e4.png Table 3: SUR Estimation Results for Student-to-teacher ratio and Teacher Quality Four-year College Attendance Rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-descriptions-and-summary-statistics-for-eso3qg25.png Table 2: Variable Descriptions and Summary Statistics for Student Attainment Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graduation-and-college-attendance-rates-3s4yo3mv.png Figure 1: Graduation and College Attendance Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quantile-regression-results-for-four-year-college-2gm3gd9f.png Figure 2: Quantile Regression Results for Four-year College Enrollment Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantile-regression-results-for-graduation-rate-2urfyvuy.png Figure 3: Quantile Regression Results for Graduation Rate Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-descriptions-and-summary-statistics-for-3or9o6n9.png Table 1: Variable Descriptions and Summary Statistics for Hiring Decision Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cost-effectiveness-per-1000-teacher-input-b2o2n58x.png Table 5: Cost-effectiveness per $1,000 teacher input investmenta Four-year College Attendance Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-educational-attainment-effectiveness-of-2mjoqdqj.png Table 4: Estimated Educational Attainment Effectiveness of Quantity and Quality of Teachers and Teacher Input Cost Elasticities https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effectiveness-analysis-for-sustainable-wastewater-3rjrhl4lkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cost-functions-for-decentralized-wastewater-1t3yao1d.png Table 2 Cost functions for decentralized wastewater treatment systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-integrated-cost-effectiveness-analysis-9mwgg9w7.png Fig. 2. Integrated cost-effectiveness analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effectiveness-and-cost-effectiveness-indicators-for-2n08c1gb.png Table 4 Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness indicators for two scenarios (programme of measures only or with complementary action) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-potential-locations-for-decentralized-low-energy-147xogmc.png Fig. 3. Potential locations for decentralized low-energy wastewater treatment plants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-criteria-for-global-effectiveness-index-and-related-2t7ci14b.png Table 1 Criteria for global effectiveness index and related priorities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-minho-lima-river-basin-study-area-portugal-i5qu2lt7.png Fig. 1. Minho–Lima river basin study area (Portugal). https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effectiveness-analysis-of-high-risk-group-tb-screening-2sx31ul9te 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-h2fza2nk.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-175ckv2g.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3hc3kqh3.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3pvm7fdo.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2mp9msv0.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-21qzaxkp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-35159e7s.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8wpzt9e7.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effectiveness-of-managing-cavitated-primary-molar-4ruhagulvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-patient-and-tooth-level-3syi0man.png Table 2: Association between patient- and tooth-level variables and costs. Multivariable generalized linear modelling was performed. Mean differences (95% CI) in Euro and level of significance (p-value) are given. Significant associations are highlighted in bold. N: number of teeth. https://scispace.com/papers/cost-reduction-roadmap-for-residential-solar-photovoltaics-84q6aiifrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assumptions-for-calculating-residential-pv-lcoe-366zimtd.png Table 3. Assumptions for Calculating Residential PV LCOE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modeled-residential-pv-lcoe-at-time-of-roof-zgiqk91r.png Figure 5. Modeled residential PV LCOE at time of roof replacement and new construction in 2030, compared with the LCOE for a weighted average of the Q1 2017 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-key-assumptions-for-the-roof-replacement-market-by-9b1e9z5z.png Table 5. Key Assumptions for the Roof Replacement Market by State (2017–2030) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modeled-residential-pv-lcoe-reductions-for-the-roof-1rmrd7en.png Figure 6. Modeled residential PV LCOE reductions for the roof replacement market visionary pathway in 2030, compared with the Q1 2017 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modeled-residential-pv-lcoe-reductions-for-the-new-codq0y02.png Figure 7. Modeled residential PV LCOE reductions for the new home construction market visionary pathway in 2030, compared with the Q1 2017 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modeled-installed-residential-pv-system-prices-at-2dg9auvq.png Figure 2. Modeled installed residential PV system prices at time of roof replacement and new construction in 2030, compared with a weighted average of the Q1 2017 benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-average-technical-potential-for-residential-27a86qim.png Figure 1. Annual average technical potential for residential rooftop PV at time of roof replacement and new construction projected between 2017 and 2030 (assuming the maximum suitable system size installed on all homes in these markets) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cost-reductions-achieved-by-the-roof-replacement-1zxi4sny.png Figure 3. Cost reductions achieved by the roof replacement visionary pathway in 2030 https://scispace.com/papers/cotes-et-crues-de-protection-de-surete-et-de-danger-de-29mybhlhcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coupe-schematique-dun-barrage-ecreteur-de-crues-3jufv0eg.png Figure 1 : coupe schématique d’un barrage écrêteur de crues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-barrage-ecreteur-de-crue-distribution-de-frequence-32obpgq4.png Figure 2 : Barrage écrêteur de crue. Distribution de fréquence des cotes dans la retenue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-de-frequence-des-cotes-de-remplissage-3gl26d55.png Figure 3 : Distributions de fréquence des cotes de remplissage en crue pour les trois barrages. https://scispace.com/papers/cost-optimal-outsourcing-of-applications-into-the-clouds-1pu0g8kug5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimization-architecture-27e8feb9.png Fig. 1. Optimization architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-benchmark-results-test-series-a-3w53f82u.png Fig. 5. Benchmark results: test series A https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-testbed-parameters-1l2zc67e.png TABLE I TESTBED PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-partitioning-of-example-application-12mdwrc1.png Fig. 4. Partitioning of example application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-application-template-2mlbzmeu.png Fig. 2. Example: Application Template https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-benchmark-results-test-series-c-24lgk42p.png Fig. 7. Benchmark results: test series C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-benchmark-results-test-series-b-3j2e2z3u.png Fig. 6. Benchmark results: test series B https://scispace.com/papers/cost-recovery-from-congestion-tolls-with-long-run-476s8jxi3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variability-in-daily-traffic-toll-and-toll-revenue-1uz2al1f.png Table 2: Variability in daily traffic, toll and toll revenue in year 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-density-for-cumulative-present-value-3yxrxmxf.png Figure 1: Probability density for cumulative present value revenues (base-case parameter values, 5,000 simulations) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sensitivity-to-parameter-errors-o0hjlqfr.png Table 1 : Sensitivity to parameter errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-two-period-investment-example-with-irreversible-26jz6dh6.png Table 3 : Two-period investment example with irreversible investment in period 1 https://scispace.com/papers/countercyclical-foreign-currency-borrowing-eurozone-firms-in-4okhinezfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-composition-by-country-1ub01xn7.png Table 1. Sample composition by country https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stress-in-the-interbank-market-za9m66h3.png Figure 3. Stress in the interbank market https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-to-controlling-for-other-bank-1bzqt4sp.png Table 7. Robustness to controlling for other bank characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-domestic-credit-crunch-and-the-shift-to-us-39i6uig5.png Table 5. The domestic credit crunch and the shift to US dollar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-syndicated-loan-issuance-denominated-34doforh.png Figure 2. Percentage of syndicated loan issuance denominated in US dollars by borrower risk type https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-shift-to-non-eurozone-banks-additional-firm-vlej80z2.png Table 6. The shift to non-Eurozone banks: additional firm characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-funding-markets-disruptions-and-the-shift-to-dollar-38lceiso.png Table 10. Funding markets disruptions and the shift to dollar The dependent variable is an indicator variable for dollar borrowing in a given quarter. ERP is the euro risk premium (the difference between 3 month Euribor and equal maturity OIS euro) and DRP is the dollar risk premium (the difference between 3 month Libor USD and equal maturity OIS USD). The other variables are as defined in Table 4. All columns include firm fixed effects, the Eurozone-US policy rate differential and its interaction with Risky, the euro-dollar exchange rate change and its interaction with Risky, the Fed target and its interaction with Risky, the borrower home country credit demand index and its interaction with Risky, and the US credit demand index and its interaction with Risky. The data cover quarters when there is a positive net percentage of Eurozone banks that report having tightened lending standards to large firms in the previous 3 months. The data are quarterly for the period 2004-Q1 to 2009-Q4. Standard errors are heteroskedasticity-robust and clustered by country*year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-alternative-hypothesis-heightened-search-for-yield-ksfamyjr.png Table 9. Alternative hypothesis: heightened search for yield in credit from non-Eurozone banks https://scispace.com/papers/counter-intuitive-results-in-a-simple-model-of-wage-37g26kstbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1nom8evd.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-condition-4-in-d-p-space-t-10-3t7pkqlf.png Figure 1. Condition (4) in(δ, π)-space,T = 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposition-4-in-d-p-space-t-10-eq52kcng.png Figure 2. Proposition 4 in(δ, π)-space,T = 10 https://scispace.com/papers/country-adjustment-to-a-sudden-stop-does-the-euro-make-a-1fo1zbm3pg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-demand-and-competitiveness-3uopk0in.png Figure 8. Demand and competitiveness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-government-debt-of-gdp-1ljeoxa7.png Figure 9. Government debt (of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-current-account-balance-as-gdp-1999-2007-29vv1l1h.png Figure 4. Average current account balance as % GDP (1999-2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-cost-of-adjustment-sv2xymcb.png Table 5. The cost of adjustment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-private-and-public-flows-cumulated-stock-financial-3d307lsg.png Figure 10. Private and public flows, cumulated (Stock financial account 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-reform-responsiveness-to-policy-recommendations-39klgzbt.png Figure 22. Reform responsiveness to policy recommendations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-current-account-turnaround-2r7w24yj.png Figure 11. Current account turnaround https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bis-reporting-banks-external-position-assets-vis-a-ok1z0jig.png Figure 3. BIS-reporting banks’ external position – Assets vis-à-vis individual countries (Dec 1999=100) https://scispace.com/papers/coupled-cluster-theory-for-three-body-hamiltonians-39ctgnpz3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-additional-diagrams-needed-for-the-2nu8j7bk.png FIG. 4: (Color online) Additional diagrams needed for the contributions of the residual three-body Hamiltonian, Eq. (3), to the CCSD Eq. (10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-ccsd-t-results-for-the-binding-energy-of-10ymn0i8.png FIG. 8: (Color online) CCSD(T) results for the binding energy of 4He as a function of the oscillator spacing and for model spaces consisting of N = 3 to N = 6 oscillator shells. The contributions from 3NFs are limited to the densitydependent zero-, one-, and two-body terms and exclude its residual three-body terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-data-points-ccsd-t-results-taken-at-the-o-23hszq2l.png FIG. 9: (Color online) Data points: CCSD(T) results (taken at the ~ω minima) for the binding energy of 4He with 3NFs as a function of the number of oscillator shells. Dashed lines: Exponential fit to the data and asymptote of the fit. Full line: Exact result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-ccsd-results-for-the-binding-energy-of-3fb675yi.png FIG. 5: (Color online) CCSD results for the binding energy of 4He as a function of the oscillator spacing and for model spaces consisting of N = 3 to N = 6 oscillator shells. The CCSD calculations are based on low-momentum NN and 3N interactions, where the full and dashed lines respectively denote the energy obtained with and without 3NFs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-contributions-of-the-three-body-3ma7k9z7.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Contributions of the three-body Hamiltonian, Eq. (3), to the T̂1 cluster equation in the CCSD approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/coupled-flexural-longitudinal-wave-motion-in-a-finite-4iysrn500m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maximum-transverse-displacements-wmax-in-column-90wuo4hc.png FIG. 4. Maximum transverse displacements wmax in column component of the first eight elements of semi-infinite periodic structure. Excitation by a harmonic point moment of unit amplitude. Damping loss factors: a =0.001; b =0.056. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-ratios-ekin-f-ekin-l-for-the-three-wave-types-1qlzjd16.png FIG. 3. Energy ratios Ekin,F /Ekin,L for the three wave-types: --- flexurallongitudinal wave A; — flexural-longitudinal wave B; -·- predominantly flexural near-field C. Damping loss factors: a =0.001; b =0.01; c https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-junction-rotational-mobilities-y-j0-j-f0-for-j-0-8-of-tpv3r37k.png FIG. 10. Junction rotational mobilities Y ,j0= ̇ j /F0, for j=0–8, of finite periodic structure with eight elements; the system is driven at junction 0 by a longitudinal point force. a Numerical predictions using Eq. 42 , and b measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maximum-longitudinal-displacements-umax-in-column-3im6snog.png FIG. 5. Maximum longitudinal displacements umax in column component of the first eight elements of semi-infinite periodic structure. Excitation by a harmonic longitudinal point force of unit amplitude. Damping loss factors: a =0.001; b =0.056. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-block-diagram-of-a-finite-multicoupled-periodic-jiort9mx.png FIG. 6. a Block diagram of a finite multicoupled periodic structure with arbitrary terminations A and B. b Free body diagram for interior junction excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-wave-propagation-constants-as-in-fig-2-c-but-with-2wb6qmx7.png FIG. 8. Wave propagation constants; as in Fig. 2 c , but with logarithmic frequency axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-arrangement-point-force-excitation-in-4fjp1pxy.png FIG. 7. Experimental arrangement. Point force excitation in longitudinal direction at junction 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-junction-longitudinal-mobility-of-finite-periodic-3eb09oqu.png FIG. 9. Junction longitudinal mobility of finite periodic structure with eight elements; the system is driven at junction 0 by a longitudinal axial point force: — measurements; - - - numerical prediction using Eq. 42 ; ··· numerical prediction for a corresponding semi-infinite periodic structure. a https://scispace.com/papers/coupled-gravitational-fields-a-new-paradigm-for-propulsion-2xph7g98k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-picture-shows-the-rapidly-increasing-mission-1xsp8xkj.png Figure 1. The picture shows the rapidly increasing mission difficulty and hazard of current space propulsio technology with respect to flight distance. The abscissa depicts distance in km while the ordinate shows the travel time in days. Space flight as envisaged by von Braun cannot be achieved within the stringent limits imposed by the currently four known fundamental physical interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hermetry-form-h9-stands-for-the-neutral-jscvm8et.png Figure 2. Hermetry form H9 stands for the neutral gravitophoton, νgp, produced by photon conversion, which can decay via two different channels, depending on experimental conditions. It should be noted that there are two neutral gravitophotons, denoted in the text by ν01gp and ν02gp . In the picture, for the sake of simplicity, only one neutral gravitophoton is shown. The first one, upper branch, seems to take place in the generation of the axial (vertical) acceleration field, called the Heim experiment. The second branch is assumed to occur in the gravitomagnetic experiments by Tajmar et al. and Graham et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-eht-derived-from-the-concept-of-internal-space-2v0l21bx.png Figure 3. In EHT, derived from the concept of internal space H8 , there exist two types of matter, ordinary matter (OM) (inner cube) and non-ordinary matter (NOM) (outer cube). In present physics, NOM does not exist. Each cube represents eight Hermetry forms. A Hermetry form stands for a family of particles, that in turn is represented by its own symmetry group. In this regard there is not a single supergroup structure that contains all forces and particles. Instead a hierarchy of groups seems to exist. The hypercube has symmetry group O(8,q) = O(3,q)H ⊕O(2,q)h+⊕O(2,q)h−⊕O(1,q)in where q stands for the set of quaternions. The separation of O(8,q) into four subgroups reflects the subspace structure of Heim space H8 . Group O(3,q)H has 15 generators that represent 15 Hermetry forms, while Hermetry form 16 is given by group O(1,q)in, the inertia field that pervades the Universe. Groups O(2,q)h+ and O(2,q)h− are (presently) interpreted as six Higgs and anti Higgs fields that provide mass and charge to all particles in our Universe. NOM also contains matter of imaginary type that is, dark matter is believed to be comprised of imaginary quarks, and hence should not be visible in our Universe, but its presence should be felt in our spacetime by their gravitational and electromagnetic interaction with OM, see text for further description. Thus the four-dimensional hypercube should represent all forms of matter that can impact physical events in our Universe. It should be noted that the introduction of internal space H8 along with its sub-space structure entirely fixes the structure of the symmetry groups, and thus determines the existence of particles as well as their interactions. https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-between-electrons-and-optical-phonons-in-suspended-3pls4360p7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-theoretical-estimates-for-the-power-1wfn1zpk.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Theoretical estimates for the power density from electrons to phonons in bilayer graphene as a function of electronic temperature Te (for n = 1011 cm−2 and Tph = 0), due to different phonon scattering processes. Acoustic and optical ZC phonon results are from Eqs. (21) and (30) in Ref. [4], assuming gauge potential D2 = vFβ/(2a) ≈ 7 eV and screened deformation potential [15]D1(q = kF ) = 0.6 eV. Supercollision and ZE estimates are as from Eqs. (3) and (4) below. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-our-two-bilayer-graphene-samples-rnqr6goy.png TABLE I. Parameters for our two bilayer graphene samples denoted by S1 and S2. The length and width are given in μm by L and W , respectively. R0 is the maximum resistance at the Dirac point which corresponds to minimum conductivity σm as multiples of σ0 = 4e2 πh , whileRC is an estimate for the high-frequency contact resistance. The last column indicates the field effect mobility (in cm2/Vs) deduced from the gate sweeps. Sample S1 is an HF-underetched device on silicon dioxide whereas S2 was fabricated on a lift-off resist. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-our-23pyfgyh.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Scanning electron micrograph of our suspended graphene sample S2. The metallic leads for contacting graphene were made of Cr/Au. The inset displays zero-bias resistance vs Vg for S1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-joule-heating-in-bilayer-graphene-pe-as-a-3rtqwgyh.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Joule heating in bilayer graphene Pe as a function of electron temperature Te = Fe|V |/2kB near the Dirac point at n = 1010 1 cm2 . The left (sample S1) and the right (sample S2) frames represent measured data in circles while the theoretical behavior (PWF + P (ZC)e-op + P (ZE)e-op ) is expressed using dashed black curves; the blue solid curves denote the contributions of optical phonons (P (ZC)e-op + P (ZE)e-op ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-differential-conductivity-sd-vs-bias-1ehqr479.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Differential conductivity σd vs bias voltage Vb near the Dirac point at Vg = +0 V for S1 (red, upper) and S2 (green, lower). The theoretical result for bilayer 24 e 2 πh [35] is marked by ◦; the experimental result by Mayorov et al. [36] on suspended bilayer is denoted by ♦. https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-between-mesoplasticity-and-damage-in-high-cycle-321a1joc6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hysteresis-loops-for-different-strain-ranges-under-1l5rrqk0.png Figure 2. Hysteresis loops for different strain ranges under strain rate 10 3/s at temperature 25 C (Yang and Chow, 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tension-test-tube-after-2-105-cycles-initial-2yi77lq7.png Figure 6. Tension test-tube after 2 105 cycles. Initial observed cracking (number of cycles to failure¼4.16 105 cycles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-same-test-tube-after-4-105-cycles-this-crack-is-311zwa4r.png Figure 7. The same test-tube after 4 105 cycles. This crack is the same as in Figure 2 (number of cycles to failure¼ 4.16 105 cycles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-experimental-data-and-corresponding-wohler-curves-3cuja0sp.png Figure 11. Experimental data and corresponding Wöhler curves in torsion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-experimental-data-and-corresponding-wohler-curves-2hfvwslf.png Figure 12. Experimental data and corresponding Wöhler curves in tension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-goodman-and-gerber-curves-tests-points-r1-4-0-3-1x2ev47p.png Figure 18. Goodman and Gerber curves, tests points (R¼ 0.3) and plastic flow threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lemaitre-two-scale-model-2lcvzifa.png Figure 3. Lemaı̂tre two-scale model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-tension-torsion-for-k1-4-1-tests-results-and-35fwbug6.png Figure 16. Tension–torsion (for k¼ 1) tests results and predicted Wöhler curve. https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-input-output-tables-with-macro-life-cycle-548hg3xx2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-macroeconomic-variable-changes-over-2006-2020-by-uv7k2ui5.png Table 1: Macroeconomic variable changes over 2006-2020 by region https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-emissions-factors-for-co2-according-to-the-type-of-styz9f4x.png Table 4: Emissions factors for CO2 according to the type of fuel https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-of-electrochemical-techniques-to-study-copper-243yu7nath 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-rt-and-cd-medium-frequency-loop-change-as-a-1fcst06o.png Figure 12: Rt and Cd (medium frequency loop) change as a function of immersion time for Cu / 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl + PDTC at different concentrations; stationary electrode at 20 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-different-polarization-curves-collected-after-292rmhhm.png Figure 7: Two different polarization curves collected after one hour immersion https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potentials-and-charges-corresponding-to-the-plateaux-3w4k60fp.png Table 2: Potentials and charges corresponding to the plateaux obtained by reduction of corrosion products formed on Cu electrode in 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl in presence of different concentrations of PDTC, and then reduced in borate buffer solution purged of dissolved oxygen at - 50 µA cm-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-polarization-curves-of-narrow-potential-range-18y2es11.png Figure 8: The polarization curves of narrow potential range to evaluate the corrosion parameters after 1 or 24 hours immersion in 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl in presence of different PDTC concentrations at 20 °C. Stationary Cu electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-image-of-copper-surface-after-24-hours-1g6ti4pr.png Figure 3: SEM image of copper surface after 24 hours immersion in 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl + 10-4 mol L-1 PDTC (a) and EDX analysis of the film (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rf-and-cf-highest-frequency-loop-change-as-a-twg2obyh.png Figure 11: Rf and Cf (highest frequency loop) change as a function of immersion period for Cu / 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl + PDTC at different concentrations; stationary electrode at 20 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate-m-147-26-g-mol-1-3o3ko4ko.png Figure 1: 1-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (M=147.26 g mol-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gravimetric-measurements-on-electrochemically-33v3a5dc.png Figure 2: Gravimetric measurements on electrochemically deposited Cu in presence of different concentrations of PDTC (1 pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) in 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl. The insert indicates an initial mass change in enlarged scale. https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-fem-bloch-waves-and-tmm-in-meta-poroelastic-1u48aay7hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-parameters-used-in-the-test-suite-taken-34ttvmfm.png Table 1: Physical parameters used in the test suite, taken from Ref. [21] or manufacturer data (inclusion’s poroelastic material is based on a sample from Eurocell). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-absorption-coefficient-transmission-loss-of-a-b3g4jmz4.png Figure 3: Absorption coefficient & transmission loss of a rubber-poroelastic-rubber panel for two angles. The proposed method is plotted in solid line and the reference data with markers of similar shade. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-generic-elementary-cell-of-an-infinitely-18uxcagr.png Figure 1: An generic elementary cell of an infinitely periodic system. The dotted lines on each side denotes periodicity conditions (applied in the FE scheme). A detailed description of the cell is given in section 2. The inclusion is not detailed and is of very little importance: only counts the homogeneity of the interface Γ+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bloch-coefficients-for-a-rubber-poroelasticrubber-1mq4rujc.png Figure 4: Bloch coefficients for a rubber-poroelasticrubber panel with and incidence angle θ = π/3. a) Null-order coefficients, real part in solid line and imaginary part in dashed line. b) Higher order coefficient with real and imaginary part superimposed (note the 10−7 scale factor). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-absorption-coefficient-computed-oo9zalk4.png Figure 5: Comparison of the absorption coefficient computed using TMM (black dots), the proposed methods (light) or including the coatings in a Finite Element model. The number of elements in the core is the same for the two last methods, chosen such as one of them cat least complies with the reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absorption-for-two-meta-porous-panels-bonded-on-a-145m35fh.png Figure 6: Absorption for two meta porous panels bonded on a rigid backing with air-filled rubber shell (top) or poroelastic (bottom) circular inclusion. The panels are coated with rubber and excited by a plane wave for two different incidence angles. multiple scattering results (disc markers) are plotted against those from the proposed method (solid line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fields-maps-for-the-rubber-shell-case-at-f-1945hz-3qzmbi3l.png Figure 7: Fields’ maps for the rubber shell case at f = 1945Hz and θ = π/6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-elementary-cells-used-in-the-examples-a-2kygp5zs.png Figure 2: The three elementary cells used in the examples, a) rubber-poroelastic-rubber sandwich panel with no inclusion, b) rubber coated poroelastic slab with an air-filled rubber shell inclusion, c) rubber coated poroelastic slab with a poroelastic inclusion. https://scispace.com/papers/cover-collapse-sinkhole-development-in-the-cretaceous-34x99ku8ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photograph-of-sinkhole-all-photos-facing-north-a-3psrqchq.png Figure 4. Photograph of sinkhole, all photos facing north. A) photo taken the day the sinkhole was observed (credit Heather Beatty, TCEQ). B) Photo taken two days after collapse and prior to excavation. Note the limestone beds are dipping to the west. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detailed-site-map-with-key-elements-of-the-11aw682t.png Figure 3. Detailed site map with key elements of the stormwater retention pond (SWRP), sinkhole location, and 2012 geophysical lines and boreholes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-looking-east-from-the-splitter-box-showing-new-3g1rtn65.png Figure 11. A) Looking east from the splitter box showing new compacted clay liner overlain by new geomembrane. B) Looking south at the stone splitter box and the finished SWRP after significant rainfall event. New soil and vegetation cover in place over geomembrane in SWRP; 7/11/12. Note the sinkhole was located in front of the splitter box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-photographs-during-sinkhole-mitigation-a-boulders-14m169yt.png Figure 10. Photographs during sinkhole mitigation. A) Boulders and coarse fill and filter fabric; 5/2/12, B) graded cobble to gravel fill; 5/7/12, C) Gravelfilled sinkhole and filter fabric; 5/9/12, D) Reinforced concrete cap and blue vapor barrier; 5/10/12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photograph-locations-indicated-in-figure-4-a-photo-39cpwv9p.png Figure 5. Photograph locations indicated in Figure 4. A) Photo during construction of SWRP showing west-dipping beds in the northern wall of the forebay (photo credit Andrew Backus, 4/2/2006); B) Photo of the northern wall of the sinkhole taken two days after collapse and prior to excavation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sketch-of-sinkhole-after-excavation-by-mike-warton-ahijk1sz.png Figure 6. Sketch of sinkhole after excavation (by Mike Warton of ACI Consulting). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-map-of-results-from-the-arbor-trails-dye-trace-pink-3fdykmdv.png Figure 9. Map of results from the Arbor Trails dye trace. Pink circles indicate positive detections (very high confidence, both labs) of Phloxine B. White circles are wells with tentative detections (single detections from EAA lab), and solid black circles are locations with non-detects (both labs). Dashed pink line represents estimated flow route and is coincident with the “Sunset Valley Flow Route” defined by Hauwert et al., 2004. Small gray circles are existing water-supply wells. Light gray potentiometric lines are from February 2002 high flow conditions (10-ft contour intervals). Groundwater basins are defined in Hauwert et al., 2004. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-the-study-area-indicated-are-the-kjzjdkna.png Figure 1. Location map of the study area. Indicated are the Brush Country well (BC well) and a USGS stream gage station on Williamson Creek. https://scispace.com/papers/coverage-comparison-of-gprs-nb-iot-lora-and-sigfox-in-a-7800-28d2vvdpkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-assumptions-ez3kdsjq.png TABLE II SIMULATION ASSUMPTIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-low-power-wide-area-radio-technologies-link-2b2srpln.png TABLE I LOW POWER WIDE AREA RADIO TECHNOLOGIES. LINK SPECIFICS ARE GIVEN AS (UPLINK/DOWNLINK). BASED ON [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-area-under-study-black-crosses-indicate-a-site-2kui0cit.png Fig. 1. Area under study, black crosses indicate a site location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-outage-probability-for-rural-and-urban-device-223bg5gg.png Fig. 5. Outage probability for rural and urban device locations in the North Denmark region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cdf-of-the-difference-between-lpwa-and-cellular-link-ik01phh4.png Fig. 6. CDF of the difference between LPWA and cellular link loss for the original deployment in both rural and urban areas. The inserted figure is an example of the link loss at a specific site. The black lines indicate the main bearing of the cellular site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-cellular-and-lpwa-link-loss-as-a-2b7cpf93.png Fig. 7. Comparison of cellular and LPWA link loss as a function of angle from main bearing and distance from site. Data is averaged for all 920 sectors in the original deployment. Only device locations where the serving site is the same for the LPWA and cellular site is included in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mcl-cdf-for-device-locations-in-both-the-rural-and-1s86br60.png Fig. 4. MCL CDF for device locations in both the rural and urban areas with Telenor’s original site deployment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mcl-cdf-for-device-locations-in-the-rural-areas-with-3kmylgf7.png Fig. 3. MCL CDF for device locations in the rural areas with Telenor’s original site deployment. https://scispace.com/papers/covert-spatial-selection-in-primate-basal-ganglia-3i4tn7gnjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-caudate-neuronal-activity-and-cue-related-modulation-39nvdsdn.png Fig 2. Caudate neuronal activity and cue-related modulation during the CD task. (A) Example caudate neurons. Activity of four different caudate neurons (a, b, c, and d) aligned on the onset of the motion patches (solid vertical line) when the cue was contralateral (“contra,” orange) or ipsilateral (“ipsi,” blue) with respect to the recording site. The dashed vertical lines indicate when the spatial cue was presented. (B) Normalized activity (“Norm. activity”) for our complete population of caudate neurons (n = 227). Each row represents the normalized activity of a single neuron for contralateral presentation of the spatial cue (left) or ipsilateral presentation (right) aligned on motion stimuli onset. We computed normalized PSTHs by dividing the raw values from each time bin by the maximum firing rate (peak of each neuron’s PSTH) across all conditions (i.e., either contralateral or ipsilateral conditions, whichever was higher). Neurons were ranked according to the time of their peak activity across both contralateral and ipsilateral cue conditions. The colored sidebar on the right indicates whether each neuron had maximal activity for contralateral (orange) or for ipsilateral (blue). Solid white lines indicate onset of motion stimuli; dashed lines indicate spatial cue onset. Neurons were grouped according to the timing of the peak activity (labels in pink): before the spatial cue onset (Pre-cue), between the spatial cue and the motion stimuli onset (Post-cue), after the motion stimuli onset (Visual), and during the delay period prior to motion-direction change (Delay). (C) Spatial cue modulation in caudate nucleus. The histograms display the distribution of attention cue modulation index values for the periods for each group of neurons. The p-values were corrected with the Holm’s variant of the Bonferroni method. White bars indicate the cells within the appropriate category (pre-cue, post-cue, visual, or delay), whereas gray bars illustrate the cells out of the category. Colors indicate significant side preference (orange for contralateral, blue for ipsilateral, white for neither; Wilcoxon rank sum test, p< 0.05). Underlying data available in S1 Data. CD, change-detection; PSTH, peristimulus time histogram; sp/s, spikes per second. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-choice-activity-in-caudate-nucleus-a-firing-38cehftj.png Fig 4. Response-choice activity in caudate nucleus. (A) Firing rates for two sample caudate neurons (#1 and #2) aligned on the joystick release. The upper row shows the response-choice activity for contralateral hits (“contra,” orange) and ipsilateral hits (“ipsi,” blue); the lower row shows activity for hits (red) and misses (gray) pooled across stimulus locations. Gray boxes demarcate the 0.3 s time period used for the ROC analysis. A top asterisk indicates that the AROC value was significantly different from chance level (0.5). For miss trials, which did not contain joystick releases, data for each neuron were aligned on the median reaction time during the recording session. The median reaction times were 0.56 s (IQR = 0.18, contralateral trials) and 0.53 s (IQR = 0.14, ipsilateral trials) for neuron #1 and 0.55 s (IQR = 0.13) and 0.52 s (IQR = 0.13) for neuron #2. (B) Scatter plot of detect probabilities and sensory ROC values computed for each caudate neuron that showed response-choice activity. AROC values on the x-axis greater (less) than 0.5 indicate preference for contralateral (ipsilateral) hits. Each dot represents one caudate neuron (n = 80). Color indicates the neuron’s group assignment based on the AROC values: hits versus misses AROC different from chance (“motor choice,” red), contralateral hits versus ipsilateral hits different from chance (“sensory,” blue), both different from chance (“sensorimotor,” green), and neither different from chance (black). (C) Firing rate for one caudate example aligned on the joystick release. The upper row shows the response-choice activity in the presence (pink) or absence (blue) of the MC; the lower row shows activity for hits (red) and misses (black). For the MC-present trials (pink), the change event could happen at either location (cued or foil). The left column shows responses for the contralateral trials; the right, for the ipsilateral trials. Gray boxes demarcate the 0.3-s time period used for the ROC analysis. The top asterisk indicates that the AROC value is significantly different from chance level (0.5). For miss trials and some MC-absent trials, which did not contain joystick releases, data for each neuron were aligned on the median reaction time during the recording session. The median reaction times were 0.48 s (IQR = 0.14, contralateral trials) and 0.50 s (IQR = 0.12, ipsilateral trials). (D) Scatter plot of the detect probabilities as a function of the neural sensitivity (AROC "sensitive") for the caudate neurons with response-choice activity. Only neurons with at least five occurrences for each type of conditions were used for analysis (n = 75/80). The color code indicates the location of the spatial cue; contralateral (orange) and ipsilateral (blue). AROC values on the x-axis greater (less) than 0.5 indicate a preference for presence (absence) of the MC; AROC values on the y-axis greater (less) than 0.5 indicate a preference for hits (misses). Underlying data available in S1 Data. AROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; MC, motion change; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; sp/s, spikes per second. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-task-context-on-response-choice-activity-i68p6o33.png Fig 6. Influence of task context on response-choice activity. (A) Scatter plot for each caudate neuron (n = 70) with response-choice activity comparing AROC values computed for single-patch and two-patch conditions. AROC values on the x-axis greater (less) than 0.5 indicate preference for contralateral (“contra”) (ipsilateral [“ipsi”]) hits for two-patch condition; AROC values on the y-axis greater (less) than 0.5 indicate preference for contralateral (ipsilateral) hits for single-patch condition. Color indicates the neuron’s group assignment based on the AROC values: contralateral hits versus ipsilateral hits different from chance for two patches only (Two�; green), contralateral hits versus ipsilateral hits different from chance for single patch only (Single�; blue), contralateral hits versus ipsilateral hits different from chance for both conditions (Both�; purple), and neither different from chance (Neither; gray). (B) Scatter plot of AROC values computed for each caudate neuron tested with the dimming joystick task (n = 70) with response-choice activity for two-patch and dimming joystick conditions. AROC values on the y-axis greater (less) than 0.5 indicate preference for contralateral (ipsilateral) hits for dimming joystick condition. Same conventions as A except that blue color indicates when responses to contralateral hits versus ipsilateral hits are different from chance for joystick task only (Joystick�; blue). (C) Side preference for the motion CD task for CD with two patches (CD), single patch, and joystick task in the population of 70 caudate neurons tested with these three conditions. Each row represents a single neuron across different task conditions during the response choice period (0.3 s): two patches (CD), single patch, and joystick mapping task. Neurons were sorted according their side preference for CD task. Colors indicate side preference (orange for contralateral, blue for ipsilateral, gray for neither [“No pref.”]). Underlying data available in S1 Data. AROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CD, change detection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-caudate-visual-activity-on-the-presence-1znhnqff.png Fig 3. Dependence of caudate visual activity on the presence of distracters. (A) Firing rates for two sample caudate neurons aligned on presentation of visual stimuli for the two-patch condition (top row) and single-patch condition (bottom row). The orange/blue code indicates respectively the spatial cue location or the single patch location for contralateral (“contra”)/ipsilateral (“ipsi”) side. Gray boxes demarcate the 0.4-s time period used for computing the AMI for the two-patch condition and SMI for the single-patch condition. Asterisks indicate significant values for AMI/SMI (Wilcoxon rank, p< 0.05). (B) Scatter plot of AMI and SMI values computed for each caudate neuron with visual activity (n = 70). AMI values on the x-axis greater (less) than 0 indicate preference for contralateral (ipsilateral) hits in the two-patch condition. SMI values on the y-axis greater (less) than 0 indicate preference for contralateral (ipsilateral) for single-patch condition. Each dot represents one caudate neuron from the "visual" subpopulation (Fig 2B, n = 70). Color indicates the neuron’s group assignment based on the AMI/SMI values: AMI for two patches different for one side (green), both different from chance (purple), SMI for single patch different for one side (blue), and neither different from chance (gray). (C) Side preference for the motion CD task, MGS task, and joystick task in the population of 160 caudate neurons tested with the three tasks. Each row represents a single neuron across different visual epochs: post-cue and visual for CD task and visual periods for MGS and joystick mapping task. Neurons were sorted according their side preference for post-cue period. Colors indicate side preference (orange for contra, blue for ipsi, gray for neither) when the activity was significantly greater than the baseline (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p< 0.05), when no significant activity was reported (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p� 0.05; white), or when activity was significantly lower than the baseline (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p< 0.05; black). We used all trials (hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejects) for the CD trials and all correctly performed trials for the MGS and joystick tasks. Underlying data available in S1 Data. AMI, Attention Modulation Index; CD, change-detection; MGS, memory-guided saccade; SMI, Side Modulation Index; sp/s, spikes per second. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-change-detection-task-behavioral-performance-and-jiu8okxf.png Fig 1. Change-detection task, behavioral performance, and recording sites. (A) Task sequence in the covert attention task. While fixating a central spot and pressing down a joystick, a peripheral spatial cue (ring) was flashed for 0.2 s to indicate which part of the visual field the monkey should monitor. After a blank of 0.5 s, two motion patches were presented: one at the location previously cued (cued location) and the other one diametrically opposed (foil location). The monkey should detect when the motion direction changed at the cued location by releasing the joystick and otherwise keep holding the joystick down if the motion direction changed at the foil location or if no change occurred. Inserts at the bottom show the joystick voltage traces for one experimental session https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-linear-classifier-performance-for-the-covert-attention-3rj2ti5h.png Fig 7. Linear classifier performance for the covert attention task. (A) Cartoon illustrating how the linear binary classifiers were trained and tested. Each single-trial data set was generated by random draws of spike counts from each neuron for each of the 14 epochs. For training of each classifier, trials 1–120 of these data sets were used to construct a classifier that could distinguish between data from its own epoch and data pooled across the other 13 epochs. For testing of each classifier, trials 121–150 were used to test and cross-validate the classifier with data from its own epoch individually and also to test how frequently it incorrectly recognized each of the other 13 epochs individually. This https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-error-trials-and-hand-influence-a-b-c-scatter-plots-of-18vlipt0.png Fig 5. Error trials and hand influence. (A, B, C) Scatter plots of mean caudate activity during FAs (A), joystick breaks (“J. breaks”) (B), and joystick trial end (“J. trial end”) (C) as a function of mean activity to hits for contralateral trials (“Contra”, orange) and ipsilateral trials (“Ipsi”, blue). Filled dots (orange or blue) indicate when mean activities were significantly different (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p< 0.05, corrected with the Holm’s variant of the Bonferroni method). Dashed lines represent identity lines. Joystick breaks are defined as trials when the animals released the joystick but there was no MC event at either stimulus location and joystick trial end as joystick releases at the end of correct reject trials, when the animal was obliged to release the joystick in order to end the trial. We performed these analyses on response-choice neurons for which we recorded at least five trials for each condition (FA, joystick breaks, or joystick trial end). (D) Scatter plot of mean responses for contralateral and ipsilateral hits (orange and blue) computed during the 0.3-s time period when animals used either their ipsilateral hand (y-axis) or contralateral hand (x-axis) with the joystick. Same convention as A, B, and C. Underlying data available in S1 Data. FA, false alarm; MC, motion change; sp/s, spikes per second. https://scispace.com/papers/covid-19-isolation-and-containment-strategies-for-ships-b536w2zicn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-evacuation-strategies-on-total-percentage-of-wqlamu21.png Fig 2. Impact of evacuation strategies on total percentage of initial crew infected. A) Model-predicted extent of outbreak spread under evacuation-based strategies with variable rates and extents of evacuation. Epidemiological parameters are assumed constant throughout the simulation. Black dot represents Capt. Crozier’s proposed strategy, which involved evacuating 4% of the crew daily until 10% remained. B) Percent of crew infected as a function of the evacuation rate for a final crew of 10%, 20%, 50%, or 100% of the initial crew. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recommendations-for-at-sea-epidemic-management-under-37npmyjz.png Table 2: Recommendations for at-sea epidemic management under different constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effectiveness-of-evacuation-depends-on-speed-of-2ts4baxr.png Fig 3. Effectiveness of evacuation depends on speed of implementation. Evacuation strategy implementation on A) day 7 or B) day 21 after detection of the first case. Black dots represent Capt. Crozier’s proposed strategy, which involved evacuating 4% of the crew daily until 10% remained. C) Dependence on time of implementation for retention of a 10% skeleton crew at a 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% daily evacuation rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-more-tests-are-needed-to-safely-retain-a-larger-crew-2u5w5csf.png Fig 4. More tests are needed to safely retain a larger crew. Impact of testing and evacuation rates on outbreak size when A) 10%, B) 20%, or C) 50% of the initial crew remains after evacuation. Black point on A) represents the Navy’s intended strategy for 500 tests per day combined with Capt. Crozier’s recommendation for 5% daily evacuation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-frequency-testing-and-targeted-isolation-results-rtbp3fw4.png Fig 5: High-frequency testing and targeted isolation results in outbreak containment for various crew sizes. Crewmember evacuation occurs at a rate of 10% daily until the target crew size is reached. Test randomly administered to the crew with isolation of detected cases. Testing rate is relative to the size of the initial crew. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sensitivity-analysis-the-navys-strategy-is-successful-3ar0y5x2.png Fig 6. Sensitivity analysis: the Navy’s strategy is successful under a wide range of possible outbreak parameters. In this heatmap, the following strategy is simulated under a variety of disease spread scenarios: after detection of the first case, evacuation of 5% of sailors per day until a crew of 10% remains; testing is carried out at a rate of 10% of the total crew per day. Black point represents fit parameters for the Roosevelt dataset. The purple region represents combinations of R0 and E0 for which containment is successful. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-for-seir-model-fit-to-the-roosevelt-50ubjr9s.png Table 1: Model parameters for SEIR model fit to the Roosevelt early disease spread dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seir-model-describes-disease-spread-in-the-roosevelt-8hes773t.png Fig 1. SEIR model describes disease spread in the Roosevelt outbreak. A) Crew aboard and confirmed cases on the Roosevelt throughout the duration of the outbreak. B) SEIR model fit to the Roosevelt case data for the first two weeks of the outbreak (E, I, and R compartments shown). Lines represent model fit, while black dots represent confirmed case data. C) 95% confidence interval for the model predicted total cases assuming random evacuation of sailors (black shaded region) compared to reported case counts (black dots). https://scispace.com/papers/covid-19-vaccine-immunogenicity-in-people-living-with-hiv-1-27cbim1slo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immunogenicity-in-each-study-group-immunogenicity-44i7tzp6.png Figure 1 : Immunogenicity in each study group. Immunogenicity (anti-RBD IgG response) was measured by ELISA and reported in RLU (relative luminescence units). RLU values log transformed for analysis. Statistically significant mean differences are denoted by * (Tukey test, p<0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uni-and-multi-variable-regression-models-197hrggx.png Table 2 : Uni- and multi-variable regression models. Immunogenicity (the dependent variable) was log transformed for the analysis. Sex was not found to be significantly associated in the univariate model and was not included in the multivariate model. No significant interaction was detected between the age and stratification variables (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-3eb8n54x.png Table 1 : Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-as-part-of-the-regression-model-immunogenicity-was-3lkeve69.png Figure 2 : As part of the regression model, immunogenicity was found to be statistically significantly correlated with age (p<0.001). The magnitude of the association is weak, with an increase in 10 years corresponding to a decrease in 1.33 RLU (the range of ELISA RLU in this population was 2.56 (detection limit) to 236.03) https://scispace.com/papers/cpap-as-a-useful-tool-in-covid-19-related-acute-hypoxemic-3bbgdujftk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3u671i69.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-271g8ox7.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/cpp-a-constraint-logic-programming-based-planner-with-1x5w5jra7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-cpp-vs-asplan-25wmb45u.png Table 1. Performance of CPP vs ASPlan https://scispace.com/papers/crack-propagation-in-viscoelastic-solids-1ieu5yrp9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-singular-stress-region-at-a-crack-tip-in-continuum-2v3prp25.png FIG. 5. The singular stress region at a crack tip in continuum mechanics can be removed either bysad tip bluntingstip diameterad or sbd by introducing a lateral regionslinear sizead over which the bond breaking occurs. The latter is the so-called Barenblatt process zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fracture-energyg-for-styrene-butadiene-rubber-at-3ie7v832.png FIG. 4. Fracture energyG for styrene-butadiene rubber at various cutting or tearing speeds atT=25 °C. Adopted from Ref.f5g. https://scispace.com/papers/cr-switch-a-load-balanced-switch-with-contention-and-169opjgcr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-architecture-of-the-cr-switch-3od2p3vu.png Fig. 3. The architecture of the CR switch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-average-delay-of-the-pf-scheme-the-cr-switch-the-fecnmo3m.png Fig. 11. The average delay of the PF scheme, the CR switch, the iSLIP algorithm and the ideal output-buffered switch under the hotspot Pareto traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-average-delay-of-the-pf-scheme-the-cr-switch-the-11qap5lt.png Fig. 8. The average delay of the PF scheme, the CR switch, the iSLIP algorithm and the ideal output-buffered switch under the uniform i.i.d. traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-average-delay-of-the-pf-scheme-the-cr-switch-the-1sjqcmba.png Fig. 10. The average delay of the PF scheme, the CR switch, the iSLIP algorithm and the ideal output-buffered switch under the hotspot i.i.d. traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-average-delay-of-the-pf-scheme-the-cr-switch-the-3u7wzgn7.png Fig. 9. The average delay of the PF scheme, the CR switch, the iSLIP algorithm and the ideal output-buffered switch under the uniform Pareto traffic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-to-illustrate-the-operation-of-the-cr-a2tk7156.png Fig. 4. An example to illustrate the operation of the CR switch https://scispace.com/papers/crafted-places-places-for-craft-pop-up-and-the-politics-of-3mg50zobxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-generals-barber-shop-photograph-by-lee-wells-23nbpcri.png Fig 2. The General’s Barber Shop. Photograph by Lee Wells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tatiana-in-her-studio-photograph-by-jan-vrhovnik-2015-4v5nfzd9.png Fig 1: Tatiana in her studio. Photograph by Jan Vrhovnik, 2015 https://scispace.com/papers/cranio-thoracic-bullet-migration-over-a-period-of-27-years-4j4xl70rbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cranial-mr-showing-the-trajectory-of-the-bullet-2na890fe.png Figure 4. Cranial MR showing the trajectory of the bullet. through the brain to the spinal cord. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-x-ray-showed-a-bullet-inside-the-thoracic-canal-3g0hif4h.png Figure 1. The X-Ray showed a bullet inside the thoracic canal at T4 level. https://scispace.com/papers/creased-plastic-rock-permeameter-for-hydrogeology-students-3vg42t6jti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-3a76udgz.png Table 1. Experimental Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-view-of-hypothetical-rock-specimen-top-and-plastic-3pmvx46t.png Figure 2. View of hypothetical rock specimen (top) and plastic sheet showing creases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-creased-plastic-permeameter-see-text-for-3cjtqy5c.png Figure 1. Diagram of creased-plastic permeameter (see text for discussion). https://scispace.com/papers/creating-digital-life-stories-through-activity-recognition-4nafpzjsi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-images-captured-during-an-activity-and-identified-as-1njjt1ls.png Fig. 2. Images captured during an activity and identified as similar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-blurry-image-b-same-image-a-after-applying-a-small-5i37kkml.png Fig. 1. (a) Blurry image (b) Same image “a” after applying a small amount of horizontal blur. (c) Non-blurry image (d) Same image “c” after applying a small amount of horizontal blur https://scispace.com/papers/creation-of-spin-triplet-cooper-pairs-in-the-absence-of-2vykchf0bb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-solid-lines-and-hole-dashed-lines-dispersion-ekv1lklu.png FIG. 2. Electron (solid lines) and hole (dashed lines) dispersion relations in L and R, at ky ¼ 0. Colored arrows on the branches indicate the Cooper pair spin expectation values according to Eq. (16). The SC is depicted by the gray domain. At ε ¼ μ, the incident electron (1) may be reflected as an electron (2) at the interface (NR) or transmitted as a hole (3) through the SC (CAR). LAR and CO are, instead, not permitted since the states at the Dirac points have zero momentum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-averaged-moduli-of-the-local-and-nonlocal-conductance-wrmrf42j.png FIG. 4. Averaged moduli of the local and nonlocal conductance for LS ¼ 1.1ξ (blue lines) and LS ¼ 2.3ξ (red lines). At eVL ¼ μ, the curves touch, which is a characteristic feature of the bipolar setup. We set μ ¼ 0.5Δ0 and μS ¼ 10Δ0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nonequilibrium-net-spin-sx-pumped-into-the-sc-as-a-8i8aqnh1.png FIG. 5. Nonequilibrium net spin Sx pumped into the SC as a function of μR and VL. We set μ ¼ 0.5Δ0, μS ¼ 10Δ0, LS ¼ 1.1ξ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-ti-sc-ti-junction-while-the-voltages-j4tflai5.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the TI-SC-TI junction. While the voltages applied to the outer leads should be tunable, the SC is assumed to be grounded. The dispersion relations are depicted for illustration: solid (dashed) lines represent electron (hole) Dirac cones. A possible crossed Andreev reflection process—resulting in the injection of equal-spin-triplet Cooper pairs in the SC due to spinmomentum locking—is sketched. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-averaged-moduli-of-the-nonlocal-pairing-amplitudes-1y1z0mh9.png FIG. 3. Averaged moduli of the nonlocal pairing amplitudes from one interface to the other one. For the bipolar setup, nonlocal singlet pairing is completely suppressed, while triplet pairing remains finite. We set μ ¼ 0.5Δ0, μS ¼ 10Δ0, and LS ¼ ξ (ξ ¼ vF=Δ0) with σ ∈ f↑;↓g; fr0 illustrates both fr0ð0; LÞ and fr0ðL; 0Þ. https://scispace.com/papers/creative-destruction-and-firm-specific-performance-4wlel8yw1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-systematic-variation-in-firm-performance-as-3sdmk2g1.png Figure 3. Systematic Variation in Firm Performance as Fraction of Total Variation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-industry-distributions-of-firm-specific-stock-7b48211s.png Figure 4. Cross-Industry Distributions of Firm-Specific Stock Return Variation in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-two-stage-panel-regressions-of-firm-specific-205a9jmy.png Table 6. Two-Stage Panel Regressions of Firm-Specific Performance Heterogeneity on IT Intensity and Controls, with Time and Industry Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-industry-distributions-of-it-intensities-in-28wqknqa.png Figure 1. Cross-Industry Distributions of IT Intensities in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s in U.S. Industries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-two-stage-panel-regressions-of-firm-specific-1b7apppl.png Table 7. Two-Stage Panel Regressions of Firm-Specific Performance Heterogeneity on IT Intensity and Controls, with Time and Industry Fixed Effects, Estimated Separately for Young and Old Firm Subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-panel-regressions-of-firm-specific-performance-1oo3gekq.png Table 5. Panel Regressions of Firm-Specific Performance Heterogeneity on IT Intensity and Controls, with Time and Industry Fixed Effects, for Separate New and Old Firm Subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-age-is-the-average-age-of-17fiqa2f.png Table 2. Correlation Coefficients Age is the average age of firms in an industry based on years listed in CRSP. Size is average market capitalization or sales of a firm in an industry, respectively. Herfindahl index is sales-based. R&D is estimated R&D capital stock over PP&E. Leverage is short-term plus long-term debt over total assets. Liquidity is current assets over current liabilities. Numbers in parentheses are probability levels at which the null hypothesis of zero correlation can be rejected. Coefficients significant at 10% or better are in boldface. Panel A. Correlations of firm performance heterogeneity and IT intensity with control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-panel-regressions-of-firm-specific-performance-2ijsx27l.png Table 3. Panel Regressions of Firm-Specific Performance Heterogeneity on IT Intensity and Controls, with Time and Industry Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/papers/creativity-and-dysfunction-in-strategic-processes-the-case-1lhej9mcck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-creative-processes-26xtlba0.png Figure 2: Creative Processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seven-trigger-questions-28kplofv.png Table 2: Seven Trigger Questions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-models-dtz1rqxq.png Figure 1: Process Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-scenario-planning-process-2l7sic88.png Figure 3: The Scenario Planning Process https://scispace.com/papers/credible-case-based-inference-using-similarity-profiles-35vcclj331 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-known-solutions-of-two-problems-restrict-the-3h6y6gyt.png Figure 1: The known solutions of two problems restrict the solution of the target problem, which must be an element of the shaded region according to constraint (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-sets-used-in-the-experiments-name-number-of-28e4x8oh.png Table 1: Data sets used in the experiments: name, number of examples, number of predictor variables (numerical/nominal). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-each-pair-of-cases-xi-lxi-and-x-lx-contributes-a-3p618rol.png Figure 2: Each pair of cases 〈xı, λxı〉 and 〈x, λx〉 contributes a point (α, β) in the “similarity space”, where α = simX (xı, x) and β = simL(λxı, λx). By definition, these points are located above the similarity profile, which is here shown by the solid (red) line. The empirical similarity profile is given by the step function indicated by the solid (blue) horizontal lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-approximation-of-x-x2-solid-line-in-the-form-of-a-3fibglik.png Figure 5: Approximation of x → x2 (solid line) in the form of a confidence band, using CCBI (shaded region) and linear regression (region between dashed lines). The examples are indicated by black points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-ccbi-l-confidence-precision-and-mean-35k9g5pn.png Table 3: Results for CCBI-L: Confidence, precision, and mean absolute error of predictions; mean absolute error for k-NN point estimations with k = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-local-empirical-similarity-profiles-of-the-9-th-k0uewn6a.png Figure 4: Local empirical similarity profiles of the 9-th (solid line) and 323-rd (dashed line) car in the auto-mpg data, using an equi-width partition of size 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-empirical-similarity-profile-for-the-auto-mpg-data-wfrmiado.png Figure 3: Empirical similarity profile for the auto-mpg data (step function). Each point corresponds to a pair (α, β) with α = simX (x, y) (abscissa) and β = simL(λx, λy) (ordinate). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-ccbi-p-confidence-precision-and-mean-2zfbgk5c.png Table 2: Results for CCBI-P: Confidence, precision, and mean absolute error of predictions for p = 0 (left), p = 0.02 (middle), and p = 0.04 (right). https://scispace.com/papers/creativity-encounters-between-children-and-robots-2xkr46huyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-information-according-to-study-a1wks9ud.png Table 1: Demographic information according to study conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yolo-the-robotic-platform-used-in-this-work-1hobpdva.png Figure 3: YOLO, the robotic platform used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-creative-process-the-dot-represents-the-starting-3rwqtvns.png Figure 4: Creative process. The dot represents the starting point of the creative process, the entangled lines in the middle part demonstrate a rich generation of ideas that become organized when the creative process finishes (illustrated with a cross). In our work, we evaluated the creative process of storytelling bymeasuring the fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality of ideas. https://scispace.com/papers/credit-access-and-college-enrollment-4n2c0141td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-requirement-for-scholarships-1ghlv9gv.png Table 1: Requirement for scholarships https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-measuring-the-price-effects-from-exogenous-change-in-2jlway18.png Table 8: Measuring the price effects from exogenous change in college tuition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-on-college-enrollment-comparing-pre-selected-iay8pq28.png Table 4: Effects on College Enrollment. Comparing Pre-selected with non. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-dropout-rate-in-2nd-and-3rd-years-of-college-around-3irjkifx.png Table 13: Dropout rate in 2nd and 3rd years of college around the cutoff. w = 44 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rd-for-psu-scores-frequency-distribution-2z8y3gg5.png Figure 4: RD for PSU scores frequency distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rd-for-college-enrollment-by-income-quintile-whole-ej27yr82.png Figure 7: RD for College enrollment by income quintile. Whole PSU support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-line-of-the-college-admission-process-2zvz5o8u.png Figure 1: Time-line of the college admission process https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rd-college-enrollment-by-income-quintile-by-year-and-1udr7df0.png Table 5: RD College Enrollment by income quintile. By year and full sample. w = 44 PSU points. https://scispace.com/papers/credit-card-redlining-revisited-41nqjolvwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-from-instrumental-variable-estimations-with-226uy3t1.png Table 7: Results from Instrumental Variable Estimations with Interaction Term and Additional Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-xl20r5hx.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2tyg9ji0.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-counts-of-observations-with-missing-values-and-2f4esdz6.png Table 2: Counts of Observations with Missing Values and Resulting Sample Sizes Used in Estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-single-equation-estimations-without-1tm8diek.png Table 3: Results from Single Equation Estimations without Interaction Term https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-race-penalty-for-availcredit-and-limit-vcd6vbfa.png Figure 4: Estimated Race Penalty for AVAILCREDIT and LIMIT (with 95 Percent Confidence Interval) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-from-instrumental-variable-estimations-with-223bnbbe.png Table 7: Results from Instrumental Variable Estimations with Interaction Term and Additional Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cohen-cole-s-2008-figure-2-and-my-replication-39ne8z0h.png Figure 7: Cohen-Cole's (2008) Figure 2 and My Replication https://scispace.com/papers/credit-frictions-collateral-and-the-cyclical-behavior-of-the-1lao4p72uu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-base-model-1zeterfk.png Table 1: Parameters of the Base Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-responses-to-a-monetary-shock-0-97-0-85-2l6qdvng.png Figure 2. Impulse Responses to a Monetary Shock, ( = 0:97; - - - = 0:85). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impulse-responses-to-a-technology-shock-0-97-0-85-20sh3ll5.png Figure 1. Impulse Responses to a Technology Shock, ( = 0:97; - - - = 0:85). https://scispace.com/papers/cretaceous-fore-arc-basalts-from-the-tonga-arc-geochemistry-mbnjy942xa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1uyrndku.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wllmermx.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-m4susj08.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ferqdo7a.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dredge-locations-located-at-19degs-which-recovered-3gtj8b42.png Table 1 Dredge locations located at ~19°S which recovered rocks from the Tonga fore arc during the 1996 voyage of the RV Melville https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-wt-trace-element-ppm-and-sr-nd-pb-isotope-28c0x34o.png Table 2 Major (wt%) trace element (ppm) and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of igneous rocks recovered by dredging of the Tonga fore arc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1ocoo3oe.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-15yuu32y.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/crispr-editing-of-sftb-1-sf3b1-in-c-elegans-allows-the-1s2ykb60s2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gi76r96p.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1ryknn5g.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3ait1aka.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2pr39408.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-89cxzu0o.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/critical-correlation-of-bidirectional-horizontal-ground-15hfb03dnv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geometrical-and-structural-parameters-1agh8esg.png Table 2 Geometrical and structural parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-member-properties-1326u3wm.png Table 1 Structural member properties https://scispace.com/papers/critical-controls-on-the-formation-of-contact-style-pge-ni-58cia09h3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-results-obtained-at-labmater-and-the-1wiiqi1w.png Table 1 Comparison of results obtained at LabMaTer and the accepted values for international standards https://scispace.com/papers/critical-parameters-and-factors-in-the-formation-of-spaced-3nanpj2rwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-3-d-drawings-show-the-growth-stages-of-spaced-nts-iqa9l0g8.png Figure 1 a) 3-D drawings show the growth stages of spaced NTs from 30 to 900 s. b) Current density versus time profile for spaced tube formation for 4 h showing different growth stages (inset shows the current density-time plot for the first 480 s). c) Top SEM images of anodic oxide formed for 30 to 1800 s anodization (inset shows top or cross-section SEM images). (Anodizations were performed in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte at 30 V, 30 °C.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-view-and-inset-side-view-of-spaced-nts-obtained-2qkobcau.png Figure 5 Top view and inset side view of spaced NTs obtained for a) 30 min, b) 24 h anodization. c) Geometrical features (diameter, top spacing, wall thickness and the outer diameter of small nanotubes) variations as a function of time. d) Growth rate and total charge variation with time (inset shows length versus anodization time profile). (Anodizations were performed in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte at 30 V, 30 °C.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-variation-of-geometrical-features-and-length-with-2a5pag3v.png Figure 6 a) Variation of geometrical features and length with water content in the DEG electrolyte. b) Inter-tube distance and tube density change with water content in the electrolyte. (Anodizations were performed in DEG + 4 wt% HF + H2O content varied from 6 to 26 wt% H2O + 0.3 wt% NH4F electrolyte for 4 h at 30 V, 30 °C.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-view-inset-shows-high-magnification-top-and-1zrenip9.png Figure 4 Top view (inset shows high magnification top and cross-section images) obtained a) without temperature control and b) with temperature control, at 30 °C. c) The current densitytime profiles for NTs obtained without and with (at 30 °C) temperature control. Side view of tubes and sponge oxide stack obtained at d) 10 °C, and e) 30 °C. f) The side view of sponge oxide free tubular layer (inset shows top view of small- and big-diameter NTs) produced at 60 °C. g) The current density-time plot for NTs obtained between 10 to 60 °C. h) The variation of geometrical features with an electrode temperature in the range of 10 to 60 °C. i) The inter-tube distance and tube density change with electrode temperature in the range of 20 to 60 °C. (Nanotubes were fabricated in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte at 30 V for 4 h.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-top-and-b-side-view-of-tubes-showing-the-big-nr1cduh6.png Figure 3 a) Top and b) side view of tubes showing the big-diameter NTs embedded in smalldiameter tube stacks fabricated at an applied voltage of 30 V. c) The change of diameter of big and small NTs with applied potential in the voltage range of 10-45 V. d) The growth factor versus time plot of small- and big-diameter NTs with applied potential in the voltage range of 10-45 V. e) Top SEM image of large diameter NTs with rich sponge oxide layer (inset shows the single large diameter NTs with branching in the lower part) grown at 42 V. f) SEM image shows the dimples of tubes and sponge oxide produced at 42 V. Side view of g) big- and h) small-diameter NTs indicate the barrier layer thickness formed at 42 V. (Anodizations were carried out in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte for 4 h at 30 °C.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-the-nanoscopic-pores-formed-in-the-very-early-2dragjld.png Figure 8 a) The nanoscopic pores formed in the very early stage (first 120 s) of spaced tube growth in DEG electrolyte at 30 V, 30 °C. b) Vortex-like cells in the early stage of tube growth for 5 min at 60 V, 60 °C. (Anodizations were performed in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-real-sem-images-of-an-initiation-of-hemispherical-310nupgg.png Figure 9 Real SEM images of an initiation of hemispherical tube bottom and two-scale organization in the early stage of growth produced after 480 s of anodization in a) DEG (inset shows high magnification image of single hemispheres, anodization was conducted in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte at 30 °C, 30 V), and b) DMSO electrolyte. (Anodization was performed in DMSO + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte at 30 V). c) 2D drawing of hemispherical (strong and weak) pore initiation in the early stage. d) Side view of DEG spaced NTs organized on two-size scale (inset shows the ion-milled side view of spaced tubular layer close to tube bottom indicates small- and big-tube). e) 2D illustration of small- (sponge oxide stacks) and big-diameter tube growth, and two-size scale organization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-xps-depth-profiling-and-inset-cross-section-or-2cqanl22.png Figure 2 The XPS depth profiling (and inset cross-section or top SEM image) of the oxide formed for a) 120 s, b) 300 s, c) 1800 s and d) 14400 s (only top ~200 nm of 1.2 µm). (Anodizations were done in DEG + 4 wt% HF + 0.3 wt% NH4F + 7 wt% H2O electrolyte at 30 V, 30 °C.) https://scispace.com/papers/critical-perspectives-on-cultural-memory-and-heritage-3rvu05oyp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-author-drawing-an-excavated-rowing-boat-in-3aw2220g.png Figure 3.2 The author drawing an excavated rowing boat in December 2007. This site now lies beneath the main Olympic Stadium (the London Stadium). Photograph © Maggie Cox/MOLA 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-during-a-protest-against-the-new-law-and-for-the-loosnqob.png Figure 7.2 During a protest against the new law and for the protection of cultural heritage in front of the main building of the regional government (2012). Photograph © the authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-7-munduruku-visit-the-sao-manoel-dam-on-the-lower-dwqamzxv.png Figure 10.7 Munduruku visit the São Manoel dam on the Lower Teles Pires river. Photograph by Fernanda Moreira. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-3-traditional-japanese-housing-in-daan-district-3td6qrom.png Figure 16.3 Traditional Japanese housing in Da’an district, around Jinhua Street, in different stages of rehabilitation. Photograph by Nicolas Zorzin, March–April 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-3-the-national-archaeological-monuments-of-the-3a72294h.png Figure 17.3 The national archaeological monuments of the Netherlands, as distributed across the country (Source: RCE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-remains-of-el-buen-suceso-in-sol-train-station-3cttq6oh.png Figure 7.1 Remains of El Buen Suceso in Sol train station. The outcome of the display is questionable, but the investment had no precedent in Madrid. Photograph © the authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-4-old-street-with-yubaabas-house-jiufen-tang-po-po-atavl6r3.png Figure 16.4 Old Street with ‘Yubaaba’s House’, Jiufen (湯婆婆). Photograph by Nicolas Zorzin, 3 April 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-2-the-recreation-of-a-fake-han-street-dedicated-2l7x4vbp.png Figure 16.2 The recreation of a fake ‘Han Street’, dedicated only to tourist shopping. National Centre for Traditional Arts, Yilan County. Photograph by Nicolas Zorzin, 18 May 2016. https://scispace.com/papers/critical-rainfall-conditions-for-the-initiation-of-4jqg6qaqut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-may-be-placed-here-1f4tfnlq.png Figure 6 may be placed here https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-topographic-values-of-the-rain-gauges-incorporated-254qcfjm.png Table 1: Topographic values of the rain gauges incorporated in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13may-be-placed-here-3un97h4m.png Figure 13may be placed here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-may-be-placed-here-cjhknsqi.png Figure 3 may be placed here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-may-be-placed-here-33u6hje7.png Figure 9 may be placed here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-may-be-placed-here-11j3nlo4.png Figure 1 may be placed here https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-false-positives-nontrig-rainfalls-over-1a32zpk5.png Table 2: Summary of false positives (NonTRIG rainfalls over the thresholds) according different criteria (see text for explanation on criteria definition). https://scispace.com/papers/critical-thinking-for-21st-century-education-a-cyber-tooth-1yvzeleizd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-perrys-1970-development-scheme-adcaszc6.png Table 1 Perry’s (1970) Development Scheme https://scispace.com/papers/critical-success-factors-for-elearning-in-saudi-arabian-dxiq046sq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-factor-rankings-2xi7zv0b.png Table 6: Factor rankings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elearning-csfs-in-saudi-universities-ordered-by-2vgb95ui.png Figure 1: eLearning CSFs in Saudi universities ordered by their importance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-success-factors-for-elearning-based-on-1k009fmp.png Table 2: Critical Success Factors for eLearning based on prior research https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-1b2580q5.png Table 3: Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-elearning-critical-success-factor-categories-3r12kg3n.png Table 5: eLearning critical success factor categories rankings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participating-universities-3hc071ng.png Table 4: Participating Universities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elearning-csfs-categories-used-in-some-prior-studies-324f7p9y.png Table 1: ELearning CSFs categories used in some prior studies https://scispace.com/papers/cross-country-determinants-of-declines-in-infant-mortality-a-3om0mut92w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-infant-mortality-rates-in-a-cross-section-of-d41lxfj8.png Figure 2 – Infant mortality rates in a cross-section of countries, ordered by rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regressions-of-change-in-infant-mortality-on-o5z0bryn.png Table 6 – Regressions of change in infant mortality on inequality measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-infant-mortality-rates-in-a-cross-section-of-ucx8ua93.png Figure 1 – Infant mortality rates in a cross-section of countries, ordered by rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tests-for-conditional-convergence-of-infant-yuwkz2rq.png Table 3 – Tests for conditional convergence of infant mortality rates, fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regressions-of-change-in-infant-mortality-on-2i1nbxs2.png Table 4 – Regressions of change in infant mortality on determinants of economic growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tests-for-absolute-convergence-of-infant-mortality-rok74i3y.png Table 2 – Tests for absolute convergence of infant mortality rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regressions-of-change-in-infant-mortality-on-36ffrc06.png Table 5 – Regressions of change in infant mortality on measures of health care availability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-autocorrelations-for-the-infant-mortality-rate-and-1sglltaj.png Table 1 – Autocorrelations for the infant mortality rate and its log https://scispace.com/papers/cross-covariance-weight-of-gstar-sur-model-for-rainfall-2d800m5fjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-rainfall-data-statistics-in-five-11di29pl.png Table 1. Description of Rainfall Data Statistics in Five Research Locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stationary-testing-of-the-variance-of-rainfall-in-1kjhcs10.png Table 2. Stationary Testing of the Variance of Rainfall in Each Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-matrix-partial-autocorrelation-scheme-mpacf-2vu1narg.png Table 4. Matrix Partial Autocorrelation Scheme (MPACF) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stationary-testing-on-the-average-rainfall-of-each-5q2jz6zr.png Table 3. Stationary Testing on the Average Rainfall of Each Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-aic-values-for-gstar-order-determination-2eyyj0x9.png Table 5. AIC values for GSTAR Order Determination https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-accuracy-examination-of-gstar-1-1231236-sur-9rbgqwnc.png Table 6. Accuracy Examination of GSTAR ((1), 1,2,3,12,36) -SUR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-actual-rainfall-and-prediction-of-gstar-1-1231236-15y6jnkn.png Figure 1. Actual Rainfall and Prediction of GSTAR ((1), 1,2,3,12,36) -SUR with the weight of Cross-Correlation and Cross-Covariance https://scispace.com/papers/cross-functional-executive-involvement-and-worker-3p9du1jr1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sustainability-strategic-alignment-3odhkf2r.png Figure 1: Sustainability strategic alignment https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-horizontal-alignment-assessment-36on9l78.png Table 10: Horizontal alignment assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-vertical-alignment-assessment-11yjbdlb.png Table 9: Vertical alignment assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-action-alignment-assessment-20ftfmk2.png Table 11: Action alignment assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-sustainability-performance-assessment-1e158rdl.png Table 12: Sustainability performance assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-functional-executive-involvement-and-workers-3stj0awi.png Table 4: Cross-functional executive involvement and workers involvement operationalization https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-strategic-alignment-operationalization-adapted-from-3ef0vrgk.png Table 5: Strategic alignment operationalization (adapted from Gratton and Truss, 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lean-bundles-and-environmental-sustainability-wbw1vhco.png Table 1: Lean bundles and environmental sustainability https://scispace.com/papers/cross-lingual-ontology-mapping-an-investigation-of-the-1jkpkz946n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-ontology-translation-eus2f7xv.png Fig 3. An Example of Ontology Translation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ontlocalizer-component-overview-i9tcssnh.png Fig 2. OntLocalizer Component Overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experiment-two-results-2if57xg7.png Figure 6. Experiment Two Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experiment-one-results-140xnj0o.png Fig 5. Experiment One Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-socom-framework-process-diagram-1qrez1si.png Fig 7. The SOCOM Framework Process Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experiment-one-overview-3cpo4ugg.png Fig 4. Experiment One Overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experiment-two-overview-13b5ey2m.png Fig 5. Experiment One Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matched-pairs-of-results-with-1-00-confidence-levels-3umnzy3j.png Table 1. Matched Pairs of Results with 1.00 Confidence Levels (%) https://scispace.com/papers/cross-linked-chitosan-glyoxal-kaolin-clay-composite-1q9i453cse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-jz0q2k3b.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/papers/cross-transmission-studies-with-eimeria-arizonensis-e-2p5zh6mw1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-wild-caught-murid-rodents-from-which-isolates-of-4-asdzm7bs.png TABLE I. Wild-caught murid rodents from which isolates of 4 Eimeria species were derived for use in cross-transmission experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-protocol-and-results-of-cross-2o9forzb.png TABLE II. Experimental protocol and results of cross-infection trials with isolates of 4 species of Eimeria inoculated into rodents in the genera Neotoma, Onychomys, and Peromyscus; all animals received an inoculation dose of -1,000 oocysts and all were examined daily through 21 days postinoculation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-combined-results-of-this-study-and-upton-et-al-2c88zqh2.png TABLE III. Combined results of this study and Upton et al. (1992) for patent infections observed in cross-infection experiments with isolates of 3 species of Eimeria inoculated into rodents in the genera Neotoma, Onychomys, and Peromyscus. https://scispace.com/papers/crossover-interactions-for-grain-yield-in-multienvironmental-1ajo1gwuch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distances-between-pairs-ofnebraskanenvironments-1mt1d12r.png Table 4. Distances between pairs ofNebraskanenvironments based on simple correlations [abovediagonal] or cross-over interactions (COIs) [below diagonal] among 50 lines of winter wheat evaluated for grain yield. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-grain-yields-values-of-heritability-h-and-21qf1o0x.png Table 5. Mean grain yields, values of heritability (H), and significance of variation among 45 lines of winter wheat at four environments in south-central USA in 1998, 1999, and 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-grain-yields-values-of-heritability-h-and-267mczvx.png Table 1. Mean grain yields, values of heritability (H), and significance of variation among 50 lines of winter wheat at four environments in Nebraska in 1998, 1999, and 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-squares-from-an-analysis-of-variance-of-50-1mad6q0p.png Table 2. Mean squares from an analysis of variance of 50 lines of winter wheat evaluated for grain yield across four (1998 and 1999) or three (2000) environments in Nebraska. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-distances-between-pairs-of-environments-in-south-xeua27q3.png Table 8. Distances between pairs of environments in south-central USA based on simple correlations [above diagonal] or crossover interactions (COIs) [below diagonal] among 45 lines of winter wheat evaluated for grain yield. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-squares-from-an-analysis-of-variance-of-45-841rzlge.png Table 6. Mean squares from an analysis of variance of 45 lines of winter wheat evaluated for grain yield across four environments in southcentral USA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-frequency-of-significant-cross-over-interactions-12qp8349.png Table 7. Frequency of significant cross-over interactions (COIs) among pairs of 45 lines of winter wheat evaluated for grain yield in south-central USA. https://scispace.com/papers/crowdsourcing-rna-structural-alignments-with-an-online-1ftsr0af1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-solutions-collected-1h77943v.png Table 2. Number of solutions collected https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-e-values-of-the-covariance-model-on-sequences-1uxigtvn.png Fig. 3. Average E-values of the covariance model on sequences in the test set. Average E-values calculated with the covariance model obtained from the Rfam alignments are shown in red, and average E-values calculated with the covariance model obtained from Ribo alignments are displayed in yellow. The left panel shows the results obtained when the puzzles are sorted by number of sequences, while the right panel shows the same data when the puzzles are sorted by number of columns (i.e. defined as difficulty in the game). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshot-of-ribo-3ob7a4i2.png Fig. 2. Screenshot of Ribo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-encoding-of-rna-sequence-and-secondary-structure-in-qdlpkfju.png Fig. 1. Encoding of RNA sequence and secondary structure in Ribo. The secondary structure is drawn with VARNA46 https://scispace.com/papers/crossover-to-strange-metal-phase-quantum-criticality-in-one-4ygxd56o43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-space-charge-doping-of-sample-e-rs-t-curves-of-a5oiabo7.png Figure 1: Space charge doping of sample E. RS(T ) curves of sample E at varying doping levels controlled by the gate voltage VG. The curve corresponding to the initial doping is indicated with a star. The RS curve corresponding to the optimal doping level is green. The device has been doped such that holes are reversibly added and removed. The inset shows the corresponding critical temperatures shown as a function of the doping level as determined using the empirical method. The vertical lines indicate the initial doping value and the extremes attained through space charge doping while the arrows indicate the hole and electron doping ranges achieved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hall-measurements-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-37kkg25x.png Figure 4: Hall measurements. a, Temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient RH for different doping levels tuned by the external gate voltage VG. b, Transverse anti-symmetrized resistance Rxy as a function of magnetic field at T = 120 K. Colors correspond to the same doping level in the two panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-fit-of-the-high-temperature-part-of-the-2p1kboj8.png Figure 2: Linear fit of the high temperature part of the sheet resistance RS(T ) for sample E corresponding to the three doping levels indicated at the top left. The green lines are the linear fit. The inset shows the difference between RS(T ) and the linear fit for each curve from which T ∗ and Tm can be deduced as the temperatures at which deviation from linearity occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phase-diagram-of-sample-e-and-d-with-doping-1ysqr0d8.png Figure 5: Phase diagram of sample E and D with doping inferred from RH. Characteristic temperatures T ∗, Tm and Tc as a function of 1/qRH. The 1/qRH scale is logarithmic to account for an exponential relation between the carrier density determined in this manner and that determined by the empirical formula. The dashed vertical line indicates the optimal doping level, namely the 1/qRH value corresponding to the maximum Tc measured. The violet band indicates the critical region corresponding to the low temperature strange metal phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-diagram-of-1-u-c-thick-low-disorder-bscco-ldmqq8xt.png Figure 3: Phase diagram of 1 u.c.-thick low disorder BSCCO-2212. Doping dependence of the characteristic temperatures T ∗ (filled symbols),Tm (empty symbols) and Tc (filled symbols on the superconducting dome) of samples D and E. The dashed vertical line indicates the optimal doping level and the violet band indicates the critical region corresponding to the low temperature strange metal phase. https://scispace.com/papers/cryo-em-reveals-new-species-specific-proteins-and-symmetry-1t16s1qss9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-supplement-1-arrangement-of-the-dotc-n-terminus-in-2gz6ye2c.png Figure 5 Supplement 1 – Arrangement of the DotC N-terminus in the maps reconstructed 782 using 3D Variability Analysis. (A) Two DotC were observed in the maps that were 783 reconstructed during 3D Variability analysis, one which contains an N-terminal extension 784 (DotCLong) and one which does not (DotCshort). (B) The placement of these C-terminal domains is 785 periodic within the maps, occurring every two to three asymmetric units. 786 787 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3dva-map-reconstruction-and-model-refinement-848-map-epytfoyl.png Table 3. 3DVA map reconstruction and model refinement 848 Map 1 Map 2 Map 3 Map 4 Map 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-map-reconstruction-and-model-refinement-841-omc-pr-10lwo609.png Table 1. Map reconstruction and model refinement 841 OMC PR OMC/PR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modelling-dotg-within-the-dome-density-a-the-dome-wxar3yjx.png Figure 5 Supplement 1 – Arrangement of the DotC N-terminus in the maps reconstructed 782 using 3D Variability Analysis. (A) Two DotC were observed in the maps that were 783 reconstructed during 3D Variability analysis, one which contains an N-terminal extension 784 (DotCLong) and one which does not (DotCshort). (B) The placement of these C-terminal domains is 785 periodic within the maps, occurring every two to three asymmetric units. 786 787 https://scispace.com/papers/crying-in-psychotherapy-the-perspective-of-therapists-and-3vff0yx813 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-domains-categories-and-frequencies-of-contextual-27nfpc9p.png Table 3. Domains, Categories, and Frequencies of Contextual Findings Regarding Participants’ Therapists Crying in Participants’ Therapy Sessions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-domains-categories-and-frequencies-of-findings-2it816ue.png Table 1. Domains, Categories, and Frequencies of Findings Regarding Participants Crying as Therapists https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-domains-categories-and-frequencies-of-findings-2kb3o9ng.png Table 2. Domains, Categories, and Frequencies of Findings Regarding Participants Crying as Clients https://scispace.com/papers/crystal-electric-field-excitations-in-the-quantum-spin-345p8ivxh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ins-spectra-s-q-o-of-a-naers2-powder-sample-collected-2wrdhsjg.png FIG. 3. INS spectra S(Q, ω) of a NaErS2 powder sample collected on 4SEASONS at temperatures T = 5 K [(a) and (b)] and 50 K [(c) and (d)], with incoming neutron energy Ei = 16 meV [(b) and (d)] and 41 meV [(a) and (c)]. At elevated temperatures, additional excitations originating from thermally populated doublets are observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cef-excitations-collected-at-t-5-k-a-and-b-and-50-k-c-1ymw614i.png FIG. 5. CEF excitations collected at T = 5 K [(a) and (b)] and 50 K [(c) and (d)] with incoming neutron energy of Ei = 12 meV [(a) and (c)] and 41 meV [(b) and (d)]. In (a) and (c) [(b) and (d)], data points represent intensities integrated within a momentum transfer range of 1.2 ∼ 2.2 (2.2 ∼ 3.2) Å−1. Solid lines are the corresponding fits using the CEF Hamiltonian plus a polynomial background term shown as the dashed lines. Error bars representing standard deviations are smaller than the symbol size. The fitted CEF parameters are shown in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-crystal-structure-of-naers2-30-the-na-and-er3-ions-110uu0ab.png FIG. 1. (a) Crystal structure of NaErS2 [30]. The Na+ and Er3+ ions occupy the 3b and 3a sites, respectively. The ErS6 octahedra are explicitly shown. (b) The triangular lattice formed by the Er3+ ions viewed along the c axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-refinement-results-of-the-x-ray-diffraction-data-212w5y65.png FIG. 2. Refinement results of the x-ray diffraction data measured at room temperature for NaErS2 polycrystalline sample. Data points are shown as red crosses. The calculated pattern is shown as the black solid line. The upper and lower vertical bars show the positions of the Bragg peaks for NaErS2 and Er2S3, respectively. The blue line at the bottom shows the difference of measured and calculated intensities. Inset shows the Rp factor as a function of the antisite disorder at the Na and Er sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-momentum-transfer-dependence-of-the-cef-excitations-f9u0nzam.png FIG. 4. (a) Momentum transfer dependence of the CEF excitations with Ei = 16 meV at T = 5 K. Data points represent intensities integrated within an energy range of 1.2 meV centered around 2.0 meV (green circles), 4.1 meV (purple squares), 6.0 meV (green triangles), and 7.0 meV (purple diamonds). Solid lines are the corresponding fits by the magnetic form factor of the Er3+ ions plus a flat background to confirm the magnetic origin of the excitations. (b) Comparison for the momentum transfer dependence of the CEF excitations with Ei = 41 meV. Purple squares (green circles) are intensities integrated within an energy range of 2.5 (1.6) meV centered around 25.8 (21.9) meV measured at 5 (50) K. Solid lines are the corresponding fits by the magnetic form factor of the Er3+ ions plus a flat background together with a Q2 term. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fitted-wybourne-cef-parameters-mev-for-er3-in-naers2-19v0k93w.png TABLE I. Fitted Wybourne CEF parameters (meV) for Er3+ in NaErS2. Errors are conservative estimates based on repeated Monte Carlo simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/crystallization-in-high-level-waste-hlw-glass-melters-1zbcga8ryg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fiscal-year-2011-dwpf-melter-downtime-key-event-20ybq5f2.png Table I. Fiscal Year 2011 DWPF Melter Downtime Key Event Timeline. https://scispace.com/papers/crystal-growth-from-a-supersaturated-melt-relaxation-of-the-5gmiz7dla0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-velocity-of-the-crystal-liquid-interface-as-a-function-2633r02g.png FIG. 4. Velocity of the crystal-liquid interface as a function of the ratio ∆ρ/∆ρcoex = (ρ − ρliq)/(ρsol − ρliq) for different densities ρ of the metastable, over-compressed liquid. The gray area corresponds to the range of coexistence densities, above which the crystalline phase is the only stable phase. Inset: evolution of the position of the interface as a function of time for ρ/ρsol = 1, T = 0.7793 for different linear lengths Lx = Ly = 20a, 40a, 60a, 80a: finite size effects play only a marginal role in the determination of the growth velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-interface-position-extracted-from-best-fits-of-36ojii7o.png FIG. 3. Average interface position (extracted from best fits of eq. 6 to the q̄6 profiles) for a system at temperature T = 1.061 and solid coexistence density ρsol = 1.0174σ −3 for different initial liquid densities ρliq. Note that the speed of the interface is non-monotonic in T , i.e. the curve that corresponds to T = 1.3032 lies below the T = 1.1032 curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-time-evolution-of-the-joint-probability-2nz3ygvl.png FIG. 5. (color online) Time evolution of the joint probability distribution P (q̄6,∆q̄6) for a system of linear size L = 80a at density ρ/ρsol = 0.96 and temperature T = 1.967 , computed for a time-interval of ∆t = τD/5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-time-evolution-of-the-square-of-the-3ozvy6as.png FIG. 6. (color online) Time evolution of the square of the interface width determined from an hyperbolic tangent fit of the q̄6 profiles as a function of time for different representative system sizes at density ρ/ρsol = 0.96 and temperature T = 1.967 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scaling-of-the-the-interface-width-with-the-system-3deqo536.png FIG. 7. Scaling of the the interface width with the system size (logarithmic scale on the horizontal axis) at different times going from t = 10tLJ to t = 190tLJ, bottom to top. For ease of visualization, the curves are shifted by a constant amount proportional to t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-two-times-correlation-functions-for-the-kxxb12zi.png FIG. 11. (color online) Two-times correlation functions for the small chemical potential regime: the equilibrium curve (black dots) is compared with the time dependent ones (a). In panel (b) a scale factor At is used in order to compare the trends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-joint-probability-distribution-p-q6-q6-2em4jzlo.png FIG. 12. (color online) Joint probability distribution P (q̄6,∆q̄6) at initial times (t0 = 10tLJ) and just before the merge of the two oppositely growing interfaces (t0 = 70tLJ) for the strong driving case. Notice that the distribution is strongly asymmetric at both early and late times. Adsorportion is therefore the main mechanism, rapidly transforming liquid particles into crystalline particles, with no backward process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-power-spectrum-of-the-height-3bv2i9pc.png FIG. 10. (color online) Power spectrum of the height fluctuations for the model with small supersaturation. Notice the rapid convergence to the equilibrium profile (continuous black profile). https://scispace.com/papers/csal-a-cloud-storage-abstraction-layer-to-enable-portable-154z24v68l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tablestore-api-12maocky.png Table 2. TableStore API https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-blobstore-api-36jz0lls.png Table 1. BlobStore API https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-breakdown-of-container-level-operations-of-2fveonc7.png Figure 1 Time Breakdown of Container-Level Operations of CSAL in AWS. Error bars indicate one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-of-csal-vs-aws-native-api-in-dataobject-ry97ns0w.png Figure 2 Performance of CSAL vs AWS Native API in DataObject Operations. Error bars indicate one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-queuestore-api-1xadez8f.png Table 3. QueueStore API https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-csal-vs-azure-native-api-in-data-19wg1p5c.png Figure 4 Performance of CSAL vs Azure Native API in Data-Object Operations. Error bars indicate one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-breakdown-of-container-level-operations-of-1v3we88d.png Figure 3 Time Breakdown of Container-Level Operations of CSAL in Windows Azure. Error bars indicate one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/csf-biomarkers-in-delirium-a-systematic-review-1ebf2tk2nl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-findings-of-included-studies-5-hiaa-5-33xp0qaz.png Table 2. Main findings of included studies. 5-HIAA - 5-Hydroxyindole-acetic acid. Aβ40 - Amyloid-β 1-40. Aβ42 - Amyloid-β 1-42. AChE - Acetyl-cholinesterase. BLI - Beta Endorphin-like immunoreactivity. DI – Delirium Index. DOSS – Delirium Observation Screening Scale. DRS – Delirium Rating Scale. DRS-R98 – Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98. GFAP - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. HVA - Homovanillic acid. IL – interleukin. IFN-γ – Interferon gamma. IGF – insulin like growth factor. MCP - monocyte chemotactic protein. MDAS – Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. MMSE – Mini-Mental State Examination. NSE - Neuron-specific enolase. P-tau - phosphorylated tau. S100B - S100 calcium-binding protein B. sIL-6R - soluble IL-6 receptor. SLI - Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. TNF – tumor necrosis factor. T-tau – total tau. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-assessment-of-risk-of-bias-and-additional-9k05derc.png Table 3 Summary of assessment of risk of bias and additional comments on study quality 5-HIAA - 5-Hydroxyindole-acetic acid. AA - Anticholinergic Activity. AChE - Acetyl-cholinesterase. AD – Alzheimer’s Dementia. BBB – blood-brain barrier. BLI - Beta Endorphin-like immunoreactivity. CAM – Confusion Assessment Method. DOSS - Delirium Observation Screening Scale. DRS-R98– Delirium Rating Scale – Revised. DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-included-studies-5-hiaa-62je7weq.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of included studies. 5-HIAA - 5-Hydroxyindole-acetic acid. Aβ40 - Amyloid-β 1-40. Aβ42 - Amyloid-β 1-42. AChE - Acetyl-cholinesterase. BLI - Beta Endorphin-like immunoreactivity. CNS - central nervous system. ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GFAP - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. HPLC - High-performance liquid chromatography. HVA - Homovanillic acid. IL – interleukin. IFN-γ – Interferon gamma. IGF – insulin like growt factor. NSE - Neuron-specific enolase. POCD – Post operative cognitive dysfunction. P-tau - phosphorylated tau. RIA – Radioimmunoassay. sIL6R - soluble IL-6 receptor. S100B - S100 calcium-binding protein B. SLI - Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. TNF – tumor necrosis factor. T-tau – total tau. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recommendations-for-future-csf-studies-in-delirium-3sf4lfum.png Table 4. Recommendations for future CSF studies in delirium. https://scispace.com/papers/cspad-140k-a-versatile-detector-for-lcls-experiments-43kegmz789 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-122cr45o.png Figure 1 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-2fdef9y2.png Figure 6 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3i2ti801.png Figure 2 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-1lk2948x.png Figure 5 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-36diew8w.png Figure 9 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-w6tii7rl.png Figure 8 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-20z3546a.png Figure 3 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-24h0wsk8.png Figure 7 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/papers/ctf3-drive-beam-injector-design-1ngefaw7ia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ctf3-injector-block-diagram-2xc1vgp3.png Figure 1. CTF3 injector block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ctf3-drive-beam-injector-target-and-simulated-3hsm5hy2.png Table 4. CTF3 drive-beam injector target and simulated parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-simulated-single-bunch-beam-parameters-at-the-3bgypfd4.png Figure 5. The simulated single bunch beam parameters at the end of the second accelerator section for the CTF3. a) bunch current profile, b) bunch transverse distribution, c) bunch longitudinal distribution, d) bunch energy spread profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electron-beam-parameters-from-the-ctf3-gun-122ehcsm.png Table 1. Electron Beam Parameters from the CTF3 gun. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effective-gradient-in-the-traveling-wave-buncher-456w8rm6.png Table 3. Effective gradient in the traveling wave buncher, with 5 A beam loading and 35 Mw input Power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ctf3-gun-ray-trace-from-egun-5-a-140-kv-grid-374hha8t.png Figure 2. CTF3 gun ray trace from EGUN. 5 A, 140 kV grid limited mode. https://scispace.com/papers/cu-0-rdrp-of-methacrylates-in-dmso-importance-of-the-4lce93j9im 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-scheme-showing-cu-0-rdrp-of-mma-with-different-2tc7tsly.png Figure 1. Top: Scheme showing Cu(0)-RDRP of MMA with different initiators. Bottom: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sec-traces-of-pmma-with-different-targeted-dps-48ph83q2.png Figure 3. (a) SEC traces of PMMA with different targeted DP’s (entries 1-4 table 2), (b) SEC https://scispace.com/papers/cultural-commentators-non-native-interpretations-as-22xi2y6syz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-domestic-probe-materials-18g0lea2.png Figure 1: The Domestic Probe materials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-heather-welcomes-the-key-table-15xn8a4e.png Figure 7: Heather welcomes the Key Table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-probe-returns-2h7dkrrq.png Figure 2: Sample Probe returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-s-demonstrates-the-drift-table-38s5ugt8.png Figure 5: S demonstrates the Drift Table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-drift-table-201qqnam.png Figure 4: The Drift Table https://scispace.com/papers/cultivating-endosymbionts-host-environmental-mimics-support-4s9xe5xmre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-its2-phylogeny-of-free-living-and-symbiotic-2mxy5x68.png Fig. 2. ITS2 phylogeny of free-living and symbiotic Symbiodinium A clade samples inferred from maximum likelihood analysis with Polarella glacialis and Gymnodinium simplex as out-group. Symbiodinium A1 to A16 sequences from symbiotic strains, Oku-sequences and HA3–5 sequence derived from environmental Symbiodinium samples, HI-0509 and HI0609 sequences represent individually sequenced clones from this study. Bootstrap percentages of >70% are indicated on nodes (Hillis and Bull, 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-symbiodinium-c15-survival-rates-over-incubation-time-1mtw7oxj.png Fig. 1. Symbiodinium C15 survival rates over incubation time for amino acid plus taurine supplemented media (+AAs) and host homogenate in synthetic seawater (HHc in SSW). Each bar represents mean±SEM (n=3). Due to ciliate grazing within the first two days of incubation, survival rates were based on mean densities on day 2 (dashed line indicates 100% reference level). Cultures were maintained at light levels of 120–130 μmol m−2 s−1 and 25 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-experiments-conducted-number-in-brackets-1h0m8y41.png Table 1 Summary of experiments conducted. Number in brackets indicate repeated experiments. Light intensities measured as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm). SSW=Synthetic seawater; HH=Host homogenate derived from Porites compressa (HHu: untreated; HHc: centrifuged; HHf: filter-sterilized as described in the text); TSP=Total soluble protein concentration as determined after Bradford (1976). https://scispace.com/papers/culture-and-quality-in-government-general-hospitals-in-2qpurcypdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-organizational-culture-and-3pjz5fl9.png Table 3: Relationship between organizational culture and heads of departments’ leadership style based on followers’ rating https://scispace.com/papers/culture-and-labour-productivity-an-empirical-investigation-4zxvmjt7va 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-culture-and-labour-productivity-alternative-18f630vu.png Table 4. Culture and Labour Productivity (Alternative Dimensions of Culture) – Including the log of Real GDP per Capita as Control Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-culture-and-labour-productivity-robustness-over-1t8pqf8b.png Table 9. Culture and Labour Productivity (Robustness over Alternative Specifications) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-culture-and-labour-productivity-alternative-153po9mf.png Table 8. Culture and Labour Productivity (Alternative Dimensions of Culture) – Including Additional Control Variables and Using Standardized Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2h4xy7gr.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-of-culture-and-alternative-2v5szfqz.png Table 2. Correlation Matrix of Culture and Alternative Dimensions of Culture https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-culture-and-labour-productivity-alternative-country-3hdcacxw.png Table 7. Culture and Labour Productivity (Alternative Country Samples) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-country-correlation-between-labour-14myhzq7.png Figure 1. Cross-Country Correlation Between Labour Productivity and Culture https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-culture-and-labour-productivity-alternative-2exbtzsd.png Table 6. Culture and Labour Productivity (Alternative Dimensions of Culture) – Including Additional Control Variables https://scispace.com/papers/cuo-zno-catalysts-for-methanol-steam-reforming-the-role-of-3utwfn0em8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hydrogen-permeate-purity-and-hydrogen-recovery-vs-20zr81cl.png Table 6 Hydrogen permeate purity and hydrogen recovery vs reaction pressure at 330 ◦C, H2O/CH3OH = 1.5/1 and WHSV = 2.73 h−1 during MSR reaction in the Pd/Al2O3 MR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-methanol-conversion-into-gas-and-output-molar-3odxy5no.png Table 5 Methanol conversion (into gas) and output molar fractions (H2, CO and CO2) at different temperatures, WHSV = 0.95 h−1 and transmembrane pressure = 1.0 bar https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-flow-rates-of-the-gases-present-in-the-permeate-2vyfdff1.png Table 7 Flow rates of the gases present in the permeate stream at different reaction pressure during MSR reaction at 330 ◦C, WHSV = 2.73 h−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-permeation-characteristics-of-the-composite-pd-al2o3-8djs29bv.png Table 9 Permeation characteristics of the composite Pd/Al2O3 membrane at the end of the whole experimental campaign at 300 ◦C and !).P = 1.0 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-catalytic-activity-at-180-c-as-a-function-of-the-23z9k9tw.png Fig. 5. Catalytic activity at 180 ◦C as a function of the specific surface area of ZnO carriers and copper dispersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-co-concentration-at-300-c-as-a-function-315demom.png Fig. 6. Evolution of CO concentration (at 300 ◦C) as a function of the polarity ratio of ZnO carriers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-overall-product-molar-fraction-vs-time-on-stream-for-om2j8civ.png Fig. 7. Overall product molar fraction vs time on stream for MSR reaction in the Pd/Al2O3 MR at T = 220 ◦C, transmembrane pressure = 2.0 bar, WHSV = 0.95 h−1, H2O/CH3OH= 2.5/1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-parameters-studied-for-the-preparation-21q7p34f.png Table 1 Experimental parameters studied for the preparation of ZnO samples, calcination temperature series (ZnOAc-CT: Ac Znacetate as precursor; CT: calcination temperature); Zn-precursor series (ZnOx -375: x stands for Zn-acetate (Ac) or Zn-nitrate (N); both samples were calcined at 375 ◦C). https://scispace.com/papers/curie-weiss-law-in-thin-film-ferroelectrics-25fm1w644n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-bifurcation-diagram-for-ferroelectric-3odt0dkr.png FIG. 1. Schematic of bifurcation diagram for ferroelectric thin film. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-phenomenological-parameters-of-pbtio3-in-cgs-unit-1yfn6fyg.png TABLE I. Phenomenological parameters of PbTiO3 in cgs unit . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-normalized-curie-weiss-parameter-h-1-vs-the-film-2dvsh53b.png FIG. 3. The normalized Curie-Weiss parameter − h −1 vs the film thickness h for PbTiO3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-susceptibility-vs-the-temperature-1syjtzqz.png FIG. 2. Normalized susceptibility vs the temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/currency-areas-international-monetary-regimes-and-the-3eyshimj8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-pattern-of-trade-in-a-three-region-world-patpyzmh.png Fig. 2. The pattern of trade in a three-region world. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-employment-inflation-tradeoffs-symmetric-intra-cope-rgyjbu0x.png Fig. 3. Employment–inflation tradeoffs, symmetric intra-Cope regime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-preference-rankings-in-a-three-region-2x5x0rt5.png Table 2 Summary of preference rankings in a three-region world https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-employment-inflation-tradeoff-of-the-periphery-2gh5b7yv.png Fig. 1. The employment–inflation tradeoff of the periphery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-preference-rankings-in-a-two-region-world-1ye0do28.png Table 1 Summary of preference rankings in a two-region world https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-employment-inflation-tradeoffs-asymmetric-intra-cope-3n92jfxv.png Fig. 4. Employment–inflation tradeoffs, asymmetric intra-Cope regime. https://scispace.com/papers/current-challenges-in-the-development-of-quantum-dot-19js19p8cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transmission-electron-microscopy-of-a-mesoporous-hc7vqfvj.png Figure 3. a) Transmission electron microscopy of a mesoporous TiO2 electrode sensitized with nanoscale CH3NH3PbI3. Reproduced with permission.[48] Copyright 2019, Elsevier. b) Incident photon to electron efficiency for QDSSC using different nanoscale CH3NH3PbIxBr3−x perovskite as sensitizer, different curves correspond to photoanodes that have been sensitized with a perovskite with a iodine content progressively decreasing, from, from (1) with x = 3 to (12) with x = 0, Reproduced with permission.[46] Copyright 2020, Wiley. https://scispace.com/papers/current-challenges-in-monitoring-discrimination-and-51x1rq7epm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-normalized-number-of-searches-on-google-for-the-2zalwa4h.png Figure 3. (a) Normalized number of searches on Google for the word “fracking earthquakes.” (b) Normalized number of searches on Google from Italy for the words “drilling,” “gas extraction/storage,” and “fracking” (the Emilia earthquake occurred within the time frame highlighted in yellow). (c) Normalized number of searches on Google from Spain for the words “Project Castor,” “gas injection,” and “fracking” (the Castor earthquake sequence occurred within the time frame highlighted in yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-distribution-of-seismicity-according-to-the-bapix778.png Figure 6. (a) Distribution of seismicity according to the catalog of the Ebro Observatory, all the events with magnitude ML > 2 are denoted by colored circles. (b) The relocation of seismic events with ML > 2 by using a waveform stacking location method [Cesca et al., 2014]. For both panels (Figures 6a and 6b), the event depth is represented in color scale (from red to green); the white square is the location of the gas injection platform and the seismic stations are denoted by reverse triangles. (c) The temporal evolution of the seismic sequence in terms of the daily number of events (green line) and maximum daily magnitude (red line) [after Cesca et al., 2014]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-seismic-event-recorded-by-a-line-of-receiver-2hxywi0b.png Figure 8. Seismic event recorded by a line of receiver deployed on the (a.1) surface, (a.2) raw, and (a.3) processed traces. Waveform stacking is performed by scanning different (b.1–b.3) source locations and (c.1–c.3) origin times. The e output of the location process is (d.1–d.3) a multidimensional coherence matrix whose maximum corresponds with the hypocenter and the origin time t0 of the seismic event (Figure 8d.2). [After Grigoli et al., 2016]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-temporal-evolution-of-the-seismic-monitoring-3pyi6lnp.png Figure 4. (a) Temporal evolution of the seismic monitoring network in the northern Netherland. Inverted triangles represent seismic stations, while each color is related to a different time period. The circles in the map (Figure 4a) represents the induced seismic events (depth of the events is fixed by default at 3 km), while the region within the dashed line corresponds with the Groningen gas field. (b) Number of seismic events per year sorted per magnitude range. (c) Yearly gas production expressed in normal cubic meters Nm3. Seismicity and production data from KNMI (www.knmi.nl) and NLOG (www.nlog.nl). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-induced-and-triggered-seismicity-has-been-observed-30v76ats.png Figure 1. Induced and triggered seismicity has been observed worldwide in conjunction with several industrial activities. This figure shows the global distribution of anthropogenic seismicity and the maximum magnitude reported at each site. The catalogue (source: Davies et al. [2013]), updated until August 2016, shows the scientifically documented seismic events associated to different industrial operations (each type of industrial activity is represented by a particular color). The seismic sequences are declustered and only its maximum magnitude of the sequence (if ML > 1.5) is reported. The highest number of induced seismic events are related to mining and hydrocarbon industrial activities, while those related to wastewater injection operations, although significant in terms of magnitude, are the fewest (plot on the bottom right corner). The label “Oil and Gas” includes hydrofracking, secondary recovery, oil and gas extraction, and natural gas storage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-north-west-bohemia-czech-republic-region-and-39sa4ikb.png Figure 9. (a) North-West Bohemia (Czech Republic) region and seismic network. Coherence matrices (epicentral projections only) of a sample event obtained using the (b) standard WS and the (c) master-event WS location method. Location results using (d) double-difference, (e) standard WS, and (f ) master-event WS location methods. [After Grigoli et al., 2016]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-seismic-sequence-occurred-in-valdobbiadene-veneto-2rvogqy1.png Figure 7. Seismic sequence occurred in Valdobbiadene (Veneto Region, Italy) on 12–15 May 2015. The sequence consists of two M3.6–3.7 events and about 100 of aftershocks which have been located (a) with regional network managed by OGS (in this case three events were mislocated within the reservoir and at compatible depth) and (b) with a dedicated microseismic network. In this case (Figure 7b) the events were relocated within the sequence cluster at distance larger than 10 km from the reservoir. Depth is represented in the color scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-classical-traffic-light-system-in-classical-1k7dujal.png Figure 10. (a) Classical Traffic Light System. In Classical Traffic Light Systems decisions are based on magnitudes and ground motions. Thresholds are defined in a static way taking geomechanical information into account. (b) Adaptive Traffic Light System. In Adaptive Traffic Light System decisions are based on a forward looking, probabilistic, and adaptive framework [Wiemer et al., 2014] (redrawn from Wiemer et al. [2014]). https://scispace.com/papers/current-practice-in-the-use-of-cone-beam-computed-tomography-h49sd53qx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-number-of-responses-received-in-the-survey-1u5e7wys.png Fig. 2: The number of responses received in the survey regarding the most commonly used field of view in the dental practice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shows-the-responses-to-the-question-about-who-mlgav6ql.png Table 6 shows the responses to the question about who reports the CBCT scans. By combining categories in the Table, it can be seen that the dentist always or mainly performed the CBCT reporting in 63 dental practices (88.7%). The majority (57.5%) of responders who had stated that larger fields of view were the most commonly used also reported that the dentist always reported the scans, whereas 53% of those https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-that-the-great-majority-of-respondents-54-728qw6dy.png Table 3 shows that the great majority of respondents (54 dental practices, 76%) had a CBCT scanner in their practices for less than five years. Notably, one third of the dental practices had acquired their CBCT machine within the last year. While 16 (22.5%) of dental practices used the CBCT machine only for their own patients, the remainder accepted external referrals. The mobile CBCT provider was an exception for this question as they only accept external referrals. https://scispace.com/papers/current-losses-at-the-front-of-silicon-heterojunction-solar-9rf44rhs66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eqe-red-solid-and-1-reflection-red-dashed-of-a-high-1uxrcftv.png Fig. 1. EQE (red, solid) and 1-reflection (red, dashed) of a high-Jsc silicon heterojunction solar cell. The shaded area indicates parasitic absorption, and the associated current losses below 600 nm and above 1000 nm are given, assuming an AM 1.5G spectrum (gray). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-output-characteristics-of-4-cm2-solar-cells-with-3lhibhxr.png Fig. 8. Output characteristics of 4 cm2 solar cells with varying p-layer thickness. Each data point represents the average value of three cells, save the data for the thinnest layer, for which only one cell was measured. The dashed line in (b) is the calculated dependence of Jsc on p-layer thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-output-characteristics-of-4-cm2-solar-cells-with-1pxfqhz1.png Fig. 10. Output characteristics of 4 cm2 solar cells with varying i-layer thickness. Each data point represents the average value of three cells, save the data for the thickest layer, for which only one cell was measured. The gray triangles in (a) represent the implied Vo c s of the cells prior to ITO deposition and metallization, determined from quasi-steady-state photoconductance (Sinton) measurements. The dashed line in (b) is the calculated dependence of Jsc on i-layer thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-eqe-symbols-1-reflection-dashed-lines-and-calculated-ggmnfh7z.png Fig. 9. EQE (symbols), 1-reflection (dashed lines), and calculated absorption in the wafer (solid lines) of test structures with i-layers of varying thickness (a) without and (b) with p-layers. For the test structure in (b) without an i-layer, a 0.2 V reverse bias was needed to reach near-100% IQE. A 1 V reverse bias was used for the sample with no p- or i-layers. Measured IQE (symbols) and fraction of absorbed light absorbed in the wafer (solid lines) at three wavelengths as a function of i-layer thickness for test structures (c) without and (d) with p-layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-representative-paths-taken-by-uv-blue-1wuvws77.png Fig. 2. Schematic of representative paths taken by UV (blue), visible (green), and IR (red) photons at the front of a silicon heterojunction solar cell. Absorption is marked by open circles; arrows indicate photons that continue beyond the schematic. The thicknesses of the ITO and a-Si:H layers are exaggerated in relation to the pyramid dimensions, but all angles are represented accurately for reasonable assumed refractive indices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-loss-in-jsc-of-heterojunction-cells-with-e10x0mov.png Fig. 11. Calculated loss in Jsc of heterojunction cells with varying i- and p-layer thicknesses due to parasitic absorption below 600 nm. Values are relative to a cell with no a-Si:H layers and with a transparent silicon nitride anti-reflection coating in place of the front ITO. The optical constants used were those of the ITO withne = 3.7× 1020 cm−3 in Fig. 4(a), and the i- and p-layers in Fig. 4(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-current-voltage-characteristic-of-a-silicon-1s653ysl.png Fig. 12. Current-voltage characteristic of a silicon heterojunction solar cell with an optimized front ITO film and a thin p-layer in order to increase Jsc . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-refractive-indices-and-extinction-coefficients-jwq5fobs.png Fig. 4. Refractive indices and extinction coefficients extracted from ellipsometry of the (a) ITO layers used in the ITO doping study, and the a-Si:H layers used in the (b) p-layer thickness study and (c) i-layer thickness study. In (b), p-layers of varying thickness are represented by dashed lines, whereas their average and the sole i-layer are depicted as solid lines. Similarly, i-layers of varying thickness are represented by dashed lines in (c), whereas their average and the sole p-layer are depicted as solid lines. https://scispace.com/papers/current-practices-in-clinical-neurofeedback-with-functional-4ujbmdoh2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-methods-of-targeting-brain-areas-29dqxdm0.png Table 2. Methods of targeting brain areas. https://scispace.com/papers/current-practices-in-the-identification-of-critical-habitat-16l9s9tzr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-influence-of-variables-on-a-the-1ebraa6i.png Figure 1. Relative influence of variables on (a) the information type used to identify critical habitats, and (b) the inclusion of unoccupied areas as part of critical habitat designation, both estimated using the conditional variable importance score from random forest analysis. Higher scores indicate greater influence of the predictor variable. The vertical dashed line indicates the absolute value of the lowest score, and is used as a threshold value for evaluating variable significance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-content-analysis-of-critical-habitat-1m7wzw2f.png Table 1. Results of the content analysis of critical habitat documents and the intercoder reliability test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-relative-influence-of-variables-3l7df4x7.png Figure 4. Comparison of the relative influence of variables on (a) the type of information used to identify critical habitats, and (b) the inclusion of unoccupied areas as part of critical habitat designation, using data for 50 species and from two different coders. Relative influence was estimated using the conditional variable importance score from random forest analysis. Higher scores indicate greater influence of the predictor variable. The vertical dashed line indicates the absolute value of the lowest score, and is used as a threshold value for evaluating variable significance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mosaic-plots-showing-the-relative-proportion-of-2cgx73jw.png Figure 3. Mosaic plots showing the relative proportion of species for which unoccupied habitats were included as part of critical habitat, grouped according to a) dispersal ability, b) taxonomic group, c) both dispersal ability and taxonomic group, and d) country of designation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mosaic-plots-showing-the-relative-proportion-of-unugzxz7.png Figure 2. Mosaic plots showing the relative proportion of species for which different data types were used to identify critical habitats, grouped according to a) taxonomic group, b) country of designation, and c) previous litigation in the US over critical habitat. https://scispace.com/papers/current-transients-in-organic-field-effect-transistors-38bvoo1j1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-view-of-used-ofet-device-structure-2utyv61e.png FIG. 1. The schematic view of used OFET device structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-i-celiv-current-transients-a-and-the-dependence-of-the-xdeh668u.png FIG. 3. i-CELIV current transients (a) and the dependence of the densities of extracted charge carriers on injection voltage Uoff (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-shape-of-the-applied-voltage-pulse-for-different-1rq3l637.png FIG. 2. The shape of the applied voltage pulse for different injection voltages Uoff (a) and the corresponding numerically calculated extraction current of injected charge carriers (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-drift-mobility-dependence-on-source-drain-voltage-19xjjynj.png FIG. 6. The drift mobility dependence on source-drain voltage, determined from channel opening time td (solid squares) and from saturated drain current (open circles), in comparison with values, obtained by time-of-flight, iCELIV, and photo-CELIV methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-voltage-pulse-applied-between-source-and-drain-3i00bkv8.png FIG. 4. The voltage pulse applied between source and drain, numerically calculated corresponding current transient (a), the distributions of the normalized potential U* (b), and electrical field distribution along the channel (c) at various time moments (indicated in (a)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-experimental-drain-current-transients-for-the-2y09c02d.png FIG. 5. The experimental drain current transients for the different voltages USD. https://scispace.com/papers/current-sheets-in-the-sun-s-corona-3jrjzx57hg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-structure-of-a-null-point-in-three-dimensions-qegm1cu7.png Figure 3. The structure of a null point in three dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-a-a-fan-current-growing-and-b-a-spine-3gj88yui.png Figure 4. An example of (a) a fan current growing and (b) a spine current growing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-collapse-of-an-x-point-to-form-a-current-sheet-3hk7pfau.png Figure 1. The collapse of an X-point to form a current sheet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-flux-tubes-a-approaching-one-another-and-then-18l43pu8.png Figure 5. Two flux tubes (a) approaching one another and then interacting by (b) spine and (c) fan reconnection, and finally (d) receding from each other. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-magnetic-field-lines-fluid-velocity-vectors-3kvco60t.png Figure 6. The magnetic field lines, fluid velocity vectors (white) and electric current (central grey surface) in separator reconnection (Galsgaard & Nordlund 1997a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerical-experiment-showing-a-the-initial-magnetic-120g49mv.png Figure 7. Numerical experiment showing (a) the initial magnetic field lines coming from two sources and (b) the interaction during separator reconnection (Galsgaard et al 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-dimensional-reconnection-regimes-a-sweet-parker-33yn3t7i.png Figure 2. Two-dimensional reconnection regimes: (a) Sweet-Parker, (b) Petschek, (c)-(e) Almost-Uniform and (f) Nonuniform. https://scispace.com/papers/cutting-performance-of-ticn-hss-cermet-in-dry-machining-4vcmr3lp7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tool-life-for-m2-50-ticn-and-commercial-hss-inserts-n1heto0j.png Table 3 Tool life for M2+50%TiCN and commercial HSS inserts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-flankwear-evolution-commercial-hssm2-tool-m2-andm2-50-63a25m2o.png Fig. 12. Flankwear evolution, commercial HSSM2 tool, M2 andM2+50%TiCN, rake angle 0◦ , cutting speed 30/min, feed 0.1mm/rev. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microstructures-of-the-as-sintered-materials-263zdjab.png Fig. 1. Microstructures of the as-sintered materials: ( https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-shows-the-variation-of-hardnesswith-respect-to-1g7g1dtj.png Fig. 5a shows the variation of hardnesswith respect to thematerial in the as-sintered condition (that presented a value of 1250 HV30) for the different steps of heat treatment. From these curves, the following observations can be made: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-tool-holder-and-air-cooling-device-in-the-l-xud99tf0.png Fig. 3. (a) Tool holder and air cooling device in the l https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detail-of-the-microstructure-of-m2-ticn-composite-1z9njxrt.png Fig. 2. Detail of the microstructure of M2+TiCN composite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-detail-of-insert-support-for-tool-positioning-in-the-38ohx0gz.png Fig. 4. (a) Detail of insert support for tool positioning in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sintered-specimen-left-and-cutting-insert-with-cutting-2w7s1rlc.png Fig. 6. Sintered specimen (left) and cutting insert with cutting edge generated by EDM. https://scispace.com/papers/cyber-risk-assessment-for-autonomous-ships-wg57kup4np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hactivist-and-terrorist-risks-for-yara-ship-port-29vevbz9.png Fig. 4. Hactivist and Terrorist risks for Yara ship-port systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summed-effect-focused-risks-for-competitor-attackers-1d5pzrf7.png Fig. 5. Summed effect-focused risks for competitor attackers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-risk-tier-values-section-ii-for-all-hacker-profiles-1cyqwda7.png Fig. 3. Risk tier values (Section II) for all hacker profiles against the systems of near-future (i.e., 2020) versions of three proposed autonomous ships. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mapping-of-axiss-maritime-systems-effects-and-2lyji3tl.png Fig. 1. Mapping of axiss maritime systems, effects and technology, for near-future autonomous ships (*temperature, light, humidity, orientation ...) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-combined-risk-profile-predictions-for-future-33guf2kh.png Fig. 6. Combined risk profile predictions for future autonomous ships. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tiers-of-ship-autonomy-attacker-reward-and-eoe-based-39b4c3cj.png TABLE I TIERS OF SHIP AUTONOMY, ATTACKER REWARD, AND EoE BASED ON SAE AND MACRA DEFINITIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-of-macra-to-risk-quadrants-for-assessing-2z3zii5n.png Fig. 2. Projection of MaCRA to risk quadrants for assessing risk. https://scispace.com/papers/cycle-commuting-in-belgium-spatial-determinants-and-re-39ql8yu6wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-moran-scatterplot-and-lisa-cluster-map-for-the-2bu3ovr7.png Figure 2: Moran scatterplot and LISA cluster map for the spatial clustering of commuting by bicycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-residuals-of-the-spatial-regime-specification-2w6ifuv4.png Figure 6: The residuals of the spatial regime specification (see Table 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-coefficients-for-the-ols-and-ml-1hdj9sax.png Table 2: Regression coefficients for the OLS and ML estimations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-in-bicycle-use-in-flanders-as-explanatory-2qh7ss6k.png Figure 3: Variation in bicycle use in Flanders as explanatory variables change. Note: these graphs are constructed by varying one explanatory variable, while holding all the others constant at their means (see Rodríguez and Joo, 2004). For ease of illustration, all the explanatory variables are all presented on the same x-axis. Given that the validity of the results may be affected by the presence of feedback effects in the model (LeSage and Fisher, 2008; LeSage and Pace, 2009), we compared the parameter estimates in Table 4 with scalar summary impact measures and observed that feedback effects are quite weak. As a result, the parameter estimates give a reasonable measure of the direct impact of changes (in explanatory variables) on cycling levels in i. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-diagnostics-for-the-ols-and-ml-3w2ad0tw.png Table 1: Regression diagnostics for the OLS and ML estimations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-in-bicycle-use-in-wallonia-and-brussels-3r2o4zz9.png Figure 4: Variation in bicycle use in Wallonia and Brussels as explanatory variables change. Note: these graphs are constructed by varying one explanatory variable, while holding all the others constant at their means (see Rodríguez and Joo, 2004). For ease of illustration, all the explanatory variables are all presented on the same x-axis. Given that the validity of the results may be affected by the presence of feedback effects in the model (LeSage and Fisher, 2008; LeSage and Pace, 2009), we compared the parameter estimates in Table 4 with scalar summary impact measures and observed that feedback effects are quite weak. As a result, the parameter estimates give a reasonable measure of the direct impact of changes (in explanatory variables) on cycling levels in i. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-coefficients-for-the-spatial-regime-6klf7jaf.png Table 4: Regression coefficients for the spatial regime specifi ation (ML estimation) https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1a-and-1b-ols-left-and-ml-residuals-right-the-3rfozg9x.png Figures 1a and 1b: OLS (left) and ML residuals (right). The Brussels-Capital Region is centrally located on these maps (see Figure 2). Moran’s I = 0.34 and is significant. https://scispace.com/papers/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-masking-a-fatal-metabolic-disease-4q8hchnsgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cerebellar-vacuolar-change-19ofs3ck.png Figure 1: Cerebellar Vacuolar Change https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-initial-investigations-ivgs8kgs.png Table 1: Results of initial investigations https://scispace.com/papers/cypome-of-the-conifer-pathogen-heterobasidion-irregulare-43itrvzofc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ribbon-cartoons-of-the-homology-models-of-1xvtxsji.png Figure 3: Ribbon cartoons of the homology models of Heterobasidion irregulare CYPs (A) 734 CYP63A22 in gold and (B) CYP5150S3 in moccasin. Conserved catalytic site residues and heme 735 binding residues are shown in royal blue and light ray respectively. Modeled cholesterol-3-736 sulfate to visualize the catalytic pocket is shown in magenta. Heme is shown as a line drawing. 737 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-p450ome-annotation-and-classification-in-h-2dxjcrwl.png Table 1. P450ome annotation and classification in H. irregulare 798 https://scispace.com/papers/cyp35-xenobiotically-induced-gene-expression-in-the-nematode-3i8u3lh51u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-induction-of-cyp35a-c-gene-expression-in-response-to-a-2dnuuftz.png Fig. 2. Induction of CYP35A/C gene expression in response to (A) fluoranthene, (B) PCB52, (C) lansoprazole, and (D) atrazine. Shown are relative data as ×-fold increase of CYP35 gene expression normalized to act-1 expression. The means for three trails are semi-log plotted, error bars denote SD (n=3). The mean of the control (C), with 0.3 % DMSO in the medium, corresponds to 1. The dotted line marks a two-fold increase of CYP35 specific gene expression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xenobiotically-induced-decrease-in-reproductive-cxtfuu4a.png Fig. 3. Xenobiotically induced decrease in reproductive capacity. The F1 offspring was counted after a 96 h exposure in liquid medium (n=12); shown are relative data in percent. The mean of the control (C) with 0.3 % DMSO in the medium corresponds to 100 % reproduction. The data are semi-log plotted and each outlier is indicated: (A) fluoranthene, (B) PCB52, (C) lansoprazole, and (D) atrazine. The effect concentrations were determined according to Finney’s probit analysis [26]. *p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yn0d2hu3.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-toxic-endpoint-values-for-three-2fpx5q6d.png Table 2 Comparative toxic endpoint values for three xenobiotics exposed to invertebrates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cyp35a-c-gene-knockdown-diminishes-xenobiotically-i4qk2f40.png Fig. 5. CYP35A/C gene knockdown diminishes xenobiotically affected reproduction decline. L1 larvae of N2 wild type, XA6700 alone and combined with CYP35A/C RNAi by feeding, respectively, were cultivated on agar plates in the absence or presence of four different xenobiotics (n=12). The amount of complete F1 offspring are presented in box plots showing each outlier. *p<0.05; **p<0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cyp-mrna-levels-in-control-and-xenobiotically-induced-1pa33l3g.png Fig. 1. CYP mRNA levels in control and xenobiotically induced worms determined by RTPCR. Pictures are a representative image from three replicated analyses. *control without 0.3 % DMSO in the medium. https://scispace.com/papers/cytinus-hypocistis-l-l-optimised-heat-ultrasound-assisted-3wdf1kqfk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-response-surface-graphs-illustrating-the-binary-2uyoyuj9.png Fig. 1. Response surface graphs illustrating the binary effects of the independent variables on the extraction yield (Y1: extract weight) obtained with HAE and UAE. In each graph, the excluded variable was fixed at its optimum response value (Table 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-natural-and-coded-values-of-the-independent-3b4roe0u.png Table 1 Natural and coded values of the independent variables applied in the RCCD design for the optimisation of tannins extraction from C. hypocistis using RSM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-response-surface-graphs-illustrating-the-binary-u34c5uko.png Fig. 2. Response surface graphs illustrating the binary effects of the independent variables on the total tannin content (Y9) obtained with HAE and UAE. In each graph, the excluded variable was fixed at its optimum response value (Table 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-optimal-hae-and-uae-conditions-expressed-as-natural-1ocrdsqw.png Table 5 Optimal HAE and UAE conditions expressed as natural values that lead the individual and grouped dependent variables to optimal response values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parametric-coefficients-and-statistical-information-3nxmlua3.png Table 3 Parametric coefficients and statistical information of the model fitting procedure for both extraction methods (HAE and UAE). Parametric subscripted 1, 2 and 3 stands for the variables t, T/P and S, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2d-response-graphs-for-the-effects-of-the-independent-2hqmhe8o.png Fig. 3. 2D response graphs for the effects of the independent variables on the extraction yield (Y1: extract weight) and total tannin content (Y9) obtained with HAE and UAE. In each graph, the excluded variables were fixed at their optimal value (Table 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-quadratic-second-order-polynomial-model-eq-1-and-dbupfifj.png Table 4 The quadratic second-order polynomial model Eq. (1) and the developed polynomial model Eqs. (2)–(19) expressed in coded values. https://scispace.com/papers/cytochrome-oxidase-i-sequences-reveal-possible-cryptic-11hcasis6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uncorrected-pairwise-percentage-sequence-divergence-3niatiyg.png Table 2 Uncorrected pairwise percentage sequence divergence among Nesippus orientalis haplotype mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene. Intra-clade divergences for Nesippu (EF065616), C. clemensi (AM235887), C. elongatus (AY386273), Lepeophtheirus salmonis (FJ447379), N. vespa (GQ369507), GHDN02 (GQ369463), ZMRB01 (GQ369469), RTZN01 (G https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-list-of-the-43-coi-haplotypes-see-fig-2-obtained-bdw68tdy.png Table 1 A list of the 43 COI haplotypes (see Fig. 2), obtained from Nesippus orientalis specimens, colle where the hosts were caught, the dates when they were caught and their GenBank access https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-map-of-the-east-coast-of-south-africa-indicating-the-23ghol1o.png Fig. 1. A map of the east coast of South Africa, indicating the beaches where hosts (Abbreviations used in Table 1, Figs. 2 and 3: RB = Richards Bay, ZN = Zinkwazi, SR = Salt SB = Scottburgh, MG = Margate, LB = Leisure Bay, PE = Port Edward, MZ = Mzamba.) https://scispace.com/papers/czt-imaging-detectors-for-protoexist-4rgua47i8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simplified-noise-breakdown-fwhm-in-kev-18psbkgp.png Table 1 Simplified Noise Breakdown (FWHM in keV) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-averaged-pulse-profiles-a-and-the-pulse-height-2amd4ei0.png Fig. 6 Averaged pulse profiles (a) and the pulse height histograms (b) from a 57Co source: the (blue) solid lines for triggered signals, the (red) dash lines for neighbor signals and the (green) dotted lines for signals from the rest of pixels. Note that the 16th sampling points are not used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-spectral-decomposition-of-pulse-height-histograms-6on9asxf.png Fig. 10 Spectral decomposition of pulse height histograms from the 57Co source after correction (a; see Fig. 6b for before correction), the same from the 133Ba source before correction (b) and the same after correction (c): the (blue) solid lines for triggered signals, the (red) dashed lines for neighbor signals and the (green) dotted lines for signals from the rest https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-energy-resolution-fwhm-top-and-the-photo-peak-4p3g11ub.png Fig. 9 The energy resolution (FWHM, top) and the photo-peak efficiency (PPE, bottom) from 241Am (left), 57Co (middle) and 133Ba (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-detector-crystal-units-dcus-2-x-2-x-0-5-cm-czt-crystal-9c5hkkuq.png Fig. 1 Detector Crystal Units (DCUs): 2 x 2 x 0.5 cm CZT Crystal + Interposer Board + RadNet ASIC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correcting-charge-split-and-incomplete-charge-ugu5shx4.png Fig. 7 Correcting charge split and incomplete charge collection: (a) the largest signals among four nearest neighbors vs. the triggered signals before any correction from a 57Co source, (b) the summed signals of four nearest neighbors vs. the triggered signals before any correction , (c) the same as (b) but zoomed in at around 122 keV along with the correlation track, (d) the same as (c) after the corrections (see the text) pixel by pixel, (e) the same as (c) but from a 133Ba source, and (f) the same as (e) after the correction pixel by pixel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectral-resolution-fwhm-in-kev-and-photo-peak-arr5mq9k.png Table 2 Spectral resolution (FWHM in keV) and photo-peak efficiency (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-pulse-height-histograms-before-and-1icqt4rm.png Fig. 8 Comparison of the pulse height histograms before and after the corrections: (red) solid after both corrections, (blue) dotted after only charge split correction, (black) dash for the raw. (a,b) is for 241Am, (c,d) for 57Co, and (e,f) for a 133Ba source. See Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/daily-work-stress-and-relationship-satisfaction-detachment-2wgkgjiatv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-study-1-postulating-that-the-2ok9kmm0.png Figure 1: Conceptual model of Study 1 postulating that the association between https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standardized-results-of-the-multilevel-sem-double-2h67sa3f.png Figure 3: Standardized Results of the Multilevel SEM Double Mediation Model in Study 1. Note: † p < .10, ** p < .01, p < .001, n.s.: non-significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-model-of-study-2-postulating-that-the-2v55q9nx.png Figure 2: Conceptual model of Study 2 postulating that the association between https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-standardized-results-of-the-multilevel-sem-simple-tbr219hj.png Figure 5: Standardized Results of the Multilevel SEM Simple Mediation Model for https://scispace.com/papers/d2d-assisted-beamforming-for-coded-caching-35na9463r1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-d2d-enabled-downlink-beamforming-system-model-pfn79ukd.png Fig. 2. Example: D2D enabled downlink beamforming system model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-per-user-rate-vs-small-circle-radius-r-for-k-4-and-t-2-3tv845gd.png Fig. 4. Per user rate vs. small circle radius r for K = 4 and t = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-per-user-rate-vs-small-circle-radius-r-for-k-3-and-t-1-1ndyup4y.png Fig. 3. Per user rate vs. small circle radius r for K = 3 and t = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-division-in-d2d-assisted-transmission-total-time-3sb50knw.png Fig. 1. Time division in D2D assisted transmission. Total time needed to transmit all fragments of files to the users is TD2D + TDL. https://scispace.com/papers/darwin-and-modern-science-essays-in-commemoration-of-the-4ffx3hhmpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-120-ko-24bt33kq.png Fig. 2. 120 KO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2qivczlk.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1dektmcr.png Fig. 2. 120 KO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1g5oqj28.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-light-curve-and-system-of-9-lyrae-31zdldhm.png Fig. 7. The light-curve and system of /9 Lyrae. https://scispace.com/papers/dalal-s-revision-without-hamming-distance-3kkfz1y50z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distances-between-interpretations-required-for-k-d-u-2u0eca3x.png Table 1. Distances between interpretations required for K ◦ D µ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distances-between-terms-required-for-k-u-bcs2jnme.png Table 2. Distances between terms required for K ◦ µ https://scispace.com/papers/data-access-and-its-implementation-at-wendelstein-7-x-2ernzzaggc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-h9f0rypl.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3r1oyc7a.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3w0uclq2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3tavw249.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-13hmp0x9.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/data-criticality-in-network-on-chip-design-3z6ruaa7yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-data-liveness-6dnusrc9.png Figure 2: Examples of data liveness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-breakdown-of-injected-bytes-58x5k7zp.png Figure 10: Breakdown of injected bytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-criticality-prediction-accuracy-of-nocnoc-tmfm04au.png Figure 8: Criticality prediction accuracy of NoCNoC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-data-criticality-1dcpnd0f.png Figure 1: Examples of data criticality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-nocnoc-performance-and-energy-3bmqzc9a.png Figure 9: NoCNoC performance and energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cmp-configuration-2icogkcn.png Table 1: CMP configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-noc-lc8ww1z2.png Table 2: Baseline NoC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-word-distribution-of-ideal-noc-model-for-bodytrack-rplg58jh.png Figure 4: Word distribution of ideal NoC model for bodytrack. Areas under the curve represent subnetworks. https://scispace.com/papers/data-driven-grasp-synthesis-a-survey-3ahemc6ci5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-pr2-gripper-and-associated-grasp-pattern-34-20urehmi.png Figure 26: PR2 gripper and associated grasp pattern [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-a-object-and-point-cloud-b-c-d-object-30q1tp1b.png Figure 28: a) Object and point cloud. b,c,d) Object representation and grasp hypotheses. e) Overlaid representations and list of consistent grasp hypotheses [62, 130]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generation-of-grasp-candidates-through-object-shape-1dq5946v.png Figure 4: Generation of grasp candidates through object shape approximation with primitives or through sampling. 4a) Primitive Shape Decomposition [19]. 4b) Box Decomposition [69]. 4c) SQ Decomposition [21]. 4d) Randomly sampled grasp hypotheses.[22]. 4e) Green: Centers of a union of spheres. Red: Centers at a slice through the model [70, 57]. 4f) Grasp candidate sampled based on surface normals and bounding box [71]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-functional-flow-chart-for-a-system-with-11vxe7kq.png Figure 3: Typical functional flow-chart for a system with offline generation of a grasp database. In the offline phase, every object model is processed to generate grasp candidates. Their quality is evaluated for ranking. Finally, the list of grasp hypotheses is stored with the corresponding object model. In the online phase, the scene is segmented to search and recognize object models. If the process succeeds, the associated grasp hypotheses are retrieved and unreachable ones are discarded. Most of the following approaches can be summarized with this flowchart. Some of them only implement the offline part. [21, 56, 19, 57, 58, 60, 24, 39, 22, 62, 23, 7, 67] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-three-grasp-candidates-for-a-cup-represented-by-3rntawhj.png Figure 14: Three grasp candidates for a cup represented by two local patches and their major gradient as well as their connecting line. [31] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-scene-segmentation-with-right-and-without-left-2uajtqna.png Figure 13: Scene segmentation with (right) and without (left) depth information. [105] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-example-shape-contexts-descriptor-for-the-image-of-1dfvkjkh.png Figure 15: Example shape contexts descriptor for the image of a pencil. 15a) Input image. 15b) Canny edges. 15c Top) All vectors from one point to all other sample points. Bottom) Sampled points of the contour with gradients. 15d) Histogram with four angle and five log-radius bins comprising the vectors in 15c Bottom) [32]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-estimated-full-object-shape-by-assuming-symmetry-yed1louq.png Figure 23: Estimated full object shape by assuming symmetry. 23a) Ground Truth Mesh. 23b) Original Point Cloud. 23c) Mirrored Cloud with Original Points in Blue and Additional Points in Red.23d) Reconstructed Mesh [122]. https://scispace.com/papers/data-driven-household-load-flexibility-modelling-shiftable-1m2umz4skh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-averaged-single-use-load-profiles-for-a-cloth-washing-zv4dkssd.png Fig. 4 Averaged Single use load profiles for a) Cloth washing machines (WM), b) Dryers (DRY) and c) dish washing machines (DM) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-consumption-profiles-of-single-use-cycle-for-four-3n8n9zjn.png Fig. 3 Consumption profiles of single use cycle for four drying machines selected from the raw measurement data (kWh/hour) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-consumption-profiles-of-single-use-cycle-for-four-mqalfygs.png Fig. 2 Consumption profiles of single use cycle for four washing machines selected from the raw measurement data (kWh/hour) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-impact-of-shifting-cloth-washing-activities-from-hour-3j50ixit.png Fig. 8 Impact of shifting cloth washing activities from hour 20:00-20:15 to hour 21:00-21:15 for 100 households https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-impact-of-shifting-dish-washer-activities-from-hour-2vi1ymm7.png Fig. 10 Impact of shifting dish washer activities from hour 17:00-17:59 to hour 20:00-20:59 for 100 households https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-flexibility-potential-for-100-households-where-all-39oqlkyy.png TABLE III. FLEXIBILITY POTENTIAL FOR 100 HOUSEHOLDS WHERE ALL OF THEM HAVE AT LEAST ONE TIME APPLIANCE USE AT THE PARTICULAR DAY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impact-of-dryers-activities-from-hour-21-45-22-15-to-2wz6nb19.png Fig. 9 Impact of dryers activities from hour 21:45-22:15 to hour 23:00-23:30 for 100 households https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-probability-of-starting-to-use-appliances-at-each-2r6t3dxh.png Fig. 5 The probability of starting to use appliances at each hour of weekday and weekend average day is presented for a) cloth washing machine, b) dryer and c) dish washers https://scispace.com/papers/data-pre-forwarding-for-opportunistic-data-collection-in-4pr50p7m1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-effects-of-buffer-size-1megqjge.png Fig. 12. Effects of buffer size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-network-model-saiw6fx2.png Fig. 4. Network model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transition-diagram-of-sensor-node-radio-is-off-in-the-zrdf8pkj.png Fig. 6. Transition diagram of sensor node (radio is off in the shadowed states for saving energy). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-effects-of-link-dynamics-zkkisiag.png Fig. 13. Effects of link dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-cdfs-of-the-normalized-throughput-1878vwer.png Fig. 14. CDFs of the normalized throughput. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-parameter-values-lu5y1a97.png Table IV. Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-chain-of-25-sensor-nodes-p4d8a6cl.png Fig. 7. A chain of 25 sensor nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-opportunistic-data-collection-with-smartphones-2d069a09.png Fig. 1. Opportunistic data collection with smartphones. https://scispace.com/papers/data-pre-processing-and-data-generation-in-the-student-flow-1i19xz2ds1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-the-input-data-of-the-transition-matrix-2siw6uvf.png Table 1. Sample of the input data of the transition matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transition-diagram-1mjcl00x.png Fig. 4. Transition diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-impact-of-the-scenarios-in-the-number-of-students-in-249hj04z.png Fig. 5. Impact of the scenarios in the number of students in 2022 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-state-concerning-a-grade-with-input-and-output-state-24efczw6.png Fig. 1. A state (concerning a grade) with input and output state transitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fact-table-and-student-dimensions-2vjt2d85.png Fig. 3. Fact table and student dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sql-code-to-update-outcome-information-of-each-student-p0lu5dcp.png Fig. 2. SQL code to update outcome information of each student https://scispace.com/papers/database-of-peptides-susceptible-to-aggregation-as-a-tool-4bvxzbifot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amino-acid-contents-in-hexapeptides-collected-in-2aoe3ykh.png Fig. 3. Amino acid contents in hexapeptides collected in AmyLoad. Black bars denote amyloid fragments, grey non-amyloid, white bars statistical frequency as in Uniprot database https://scispace.com/papers/david-or-mia-the-influence-of-gender-on-adolescent-girls-2xsqye66rv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-and-percentage-of-role-models-from-a-1jr2tjz9.png Table 1 Frequency and percentage of role models from a particular domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gender-of-role-models-in-frequencies-and-percentages-3ryhwjml.png Table 2 Gender of role models in frequencies and percentages https://scispace.com/papers/dawsonia-nicholson-linguliform-brachiopods-crustacean-tail-v7kpvaxdsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-381w2wph.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1nuewr8o.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figs-10-14-lz0rsg2f.png Figs 10-14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-30725oqr.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3l1yujpe.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1uvu058t.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-woml0egk.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/de-anonymizing-clustered-social-networks-by-percolation-lbg7kay9d6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-parameters-2mm8brcn.png Table I. Main parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-number-of-good-and-bad-pairs-matched-by-3s20p1c3.png Fig. 8. Average number of good and bad pairs matched by different algorithms for K(n) = 0.8, β = 3, starting from compact seeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-varying-r-for-fixed-filtering-factor-f-1-2p659yf4.png Fig. 10. Effect of varying r for fixed filtering factor f = 1 (scenario with K(n) = 0.5, β = k = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-combinations-of-parameters-achieving-error-ratio-3-2ua68l39.png Table III. Combinations of parameters achieving error ratio 3%, percolation probability 50% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-varying-the-filtering-factor-f-for-fixed-r-4-3gk6i34j.png Fig. 9. Effect of varying the filtering factor f for fixed r = 4 (scenario withK(n) = 0.8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-performance-of-hcf-variants-of-matching-algorithms-on-mbunr9fr.png Fig. 15. Performance of HCF variants of matching algorithms on the Facebook graph, in the case of s = 0.5, r = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computation-of-e-nij-oi86wuji.png Fig. 5. Computation of E[Nij ]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-performance-of-hcf-variants-of-matching-algorithms-on-26bwt6ss.png Fig. 14. Performance of HCF variants of matching algorithms on the Facebook graph, in the case of s = 0.75, r = 6. https://scispace.com/papers/de-personalization-of-mediated-political-communication-1cffvaodmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-articles-mentioning-political-leaders-to-3iul0vrb.png Figure 2. Ratio of articles mentioning political leaders to articles mentioning their party. PM stands for Prime Minister and Pres. for President indicating the political position that the head of the executive held while in power. Source: Data for The Times updated from Langer (2011), all other data were collected by author (n = 7708). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-number-of-articles-mentioning-political-1qwz3jsz.png Figure 1. Average number of articles mentioning political leaders per week. PM stands for Prime Minister and Pres. for President indicating the political position that the head of the executive held while in power. Source: Data for The Times updated from Langer (2011), all other data were collected by author (n = 4486). https://scispace.com/papers/dealer-balance-sheets-and-bond-liquidity-provision-1577q7penb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timeline-of-regulation-implementation-this-figure-3uxaami7.png Figure 4: Timeline of regulation implementation. This figure plots the dates at which selected regulations were either introduced, passed or phased in. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-baseline-regression-coefficients-over-time-this-11dxc9l2.png Figure 5: Baseline regression coefficients over time. This figure plots the estimated coefficient β from the regression Illiquidityb,t = αt + δIlliquidityb,t−1 + βConstraintb,t + ∑ k γkCharb,k,t + b,t, for the sample split by year. Each figure corresponds to a different measure of institutionlevel constraints. Bond liquidity measured by the standardized first principal component of Amihud, BAS, IRC and Zeros liquidity measures. T-statistics based on standard errors clustered at the quarter-issuer level reported below point estimates; all regressions include week and industry fixed effects, and controls for log age, coupon, log total amount outstanding, log initial offering amount, log time to maturity (in years), an indicator for investment grade (or high yield) rating, and an indicator for callability of the bond. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-constraints-of-buyers-and-sellers-this-table-reports-2tlzieef.png Table 5: Constraints of buyers and sellers. This table reports the estimated coefficients βB and βS from the regression Illiquidityb,t = αt +δIlliquidityb,t−1 +β BConstraintBb,t +β SConstraintSb,t + ∑ k γkCharb,k,t + b,t, for the full sample and for the sample split into four subperiods: pre-crisis (start of sample – Dec. 31, 2006), crisis (Jan. 1, 2007 – Dec. 31, 2009), rule writing (Jan. 1, 2010 – Dec. 31, 2013), and implementation (Jan. 1, 2014 – end of sample). Each column corresponds to a different measure of institution-level constraints. Bond liquidity measured by the standardized first principal component of Amihud, BAS, IRC and Zeros liquidity measures. T-statistics based on standard errors clustered at the quarter-issuer level reported below point estimates; all regressions include week and industry fixed effects, and controls for log age, coupon, log total amount outstanding, log initial offering amount, log time to maturity (in years), an indicator for investment grade (or high yield) rating, and an indicator for callability of the bond. *** significant at 1%, ** significant at 5%, * significant at 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-correlation-between-covar-and-firm-characteristics-xiwz2d4a.png Table A.6: Correlation between CoVaR and Firm Characteristics. This table reports panel correlations between Adrian and Brunnermeier (2016) CoVaR and other firm characteristics. All correlations are significant at conventional levels. Correlations computed at a quarterly frequency for the 1985-2015 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bond-level-illiquidity-over-time-this-figure-plots-2fx3x8zr.png Figure 1: Bond-level illiquidity over time. This figure plots the time series of the average liquidity of bonds in the top decile and bottom decile of the constraint distribution. Bond liquidity measured by the standardized first principal component of Amihud, BAS, IRC and Zeros liquidity measures. Bond-level constraints measured as the absolute net flow weighted average of institution-level constraints for institutions trading in the bond in a given week. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-construction-this-table-details-the-steps-2sqkvi39.png Table 1: Sample construction. This table details the steps that were applied to construct the sample. In each step we detail the remaining number of transactions and corporate bond issues. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bond-liquidity-and-dealer-constraints-this-table-2wyaiois.png Table 2: Bond liquidity and dealer constraints. This table reports the estimated coefficient β from the regression Illiquidityb,t = αt + δIlliquidityb,t−1 + βConstraintb,t + ∑ k γkCharb,k,t + b,t, for the full sample as well as the credit rating, industry, original issuance amount, liquidity and uncertainty subsamples. Each column corresponds to a different measure of institutionlevel constraints. Bond liquidity measured by the standardized first principal component of Amihud, BAS, IRC and Zeros liquidity measures. T-statistics based on standard errors clustered at the quarter-issuer level reported below point estimates; all regressions include week and industry fixed effects, and controls for log age, coupon, log total amount outstanding, log initial offering amount, log time to maturity (in years), an indicator for investment grade (or high yield) rating, and an indicator for callability of the bond. *** significant at 1%, ** significant at 5%, * significant at 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-bonds-traded-by-constrained-and-2fk9gr1k.png Figure 2: Fraction of bonds traded by constrained and unconstrained institutions. This figure plots the time series of the fraction of bonds each week traded both by institutions above and below the median of the constraints (black), only by institutions above the median of the constraint (grey), and only by institutions below the median of the constraint (white). https://scispace.com/papers/dealing-with-waste-products-and-flows-in-life-cycle-y994unw6oe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculations-for-closed-loop-recycling-of-industrial-10qyqyg6.png Table 2. Calculations for closed-loop recycling of industrial waste (N>>1). 421 https://scispace.com/papers/debt-policy-uncertainty-and-expectations-stabilization-4rqba7igax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impulse-response-functions-to-a-shock-to-inflation-1eqabiw8.png FIGURE 1. Impulse response functions to a shock to inflation expectations. Solid line corresponds to the high-debt economy; dashed line the zero-debt economy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-response-functions-to-a-shock-to-inflation-75mc0alv.png FIGURE 2. Impulse response functions to a shock to inflation expectations. Solid line corresponds to the high-debt economy; dashed line the zero-debt economy. https://scispace.com/papers/decay-associated-fourier-spectroscopy-visible-to-shortwave-37wbbelap2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-conventional-mach-zehnder-ka8xd109.png Figure 1. Schematic of a conventional Mach−Zehnder interferometer showing the propagation of the photon as a wave function from a sample, |x⟩. Shown are the corresponding operations from each component, and the wave functions of each arm, and outputs produced by the MZI. The variable geometric phase delay component corresponds to our linear delay stage in our setup. BS: beamsplitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-corrected-dafs-spectrum-of-the-cdse-nc-and-pbs-nc-2he1cibe.png Figure 5. Corrected DAFS spectrum of the CdSe NC and PbS NC FRET solution. The left panel shows the time averaged spectrum. The bottom panel shows the time traces corresponding to the spectral components PbS NCs and CdSe NCs respectively taken by summing the spectral slices in the appropriately labeled ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-pl-spectra-of-cdse-nc-donor-and-pic-cl-acceptor-uwkstps5.png Figure 4. (a) PL spectra of CdSe NC (donor) and PIC-Cl (acceptor) as isolated and mixed solutions. In the presence of PIC-Cl the NC emission is strongly quenched while the PIC-Cl emission is enhanced. (b) Plot of the time-resolved interferogram of the CdSe NC and PIC-Cl mixed solution after application of eq 12 to balance the detectors. The left-hand panel shows the result of summing along the time delay axis to give the time-averaged interferogram. (c) DA spectrum obtained by Fourier transforming and applying the Mertz correction each delay. Spectral features corresponding to the CdSe NCs at ∼2.15 eV (light blue) and to the PIC-Cl at ∼1.95 eV (red). The left-hand panel gives the time-averaged PL spectrum from the Fourier transform, compared to the grating base measurement. The bottom panel shows the TRPL traces corresponding CdSe NC and PIC-Cl. (d) TRPL traces corresponding to an isolated CdSe NCs (black) and CdSe NCs PIC-CL (blue). (e) TRPL traces corresponding to an isolated PIC-Cl solution (black) PIC-Cl in the FRET pair mixed solution obtained from the DA spectrum summing from 1.9 to 2.0 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-integrated-raw-interferometric-trace-from-each-ogfidt22.png Figure 3. (a) Integrated raw interferometric trace from each SNSPD detector collected from a sample of colloidal PbS NC in hexanes (532 nm excitation). (b) Correlated signal (blue dots) from SNSPD a vs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excitation-and-emission-are-colocalized-in-all-1jaoluce.png Figure 2. Excitation and emission are colocalized in all- reflective offaxis parabolic epifluorescence setup. After passing through the MZI, the photons are separated, using a 700 nm hot mirror and selectively directing them to either the Si SPADs or SNSPDs. https://scispace.com/papers/decay-pathways-of-small-gold-clusters-the-competition-3uyrctpjli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-decay-pathways-of-au-n-3ibi8k3s.png Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the decay pathways of Au+n . Black: monomer evaporation, grey: dimer evaporation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-representation-of-the-dominant-decay-2p157hmr.png Fig. 5. Schematic representation of the dominant decay pathways of singly charged coinage metal clusters (present results and results from [4,6,9–11]). The figure is arranged so that cluster sizes in the same column have the same number of atomic valence electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-dimer-yield-as-a-function-of-cluster-size-for-3eje18kb.png Fig. 3. Relative dimer yield as a function of cluster size. For each cluster size, the excitation energy is chosen for a decay time constant of the order of 1 ms. The error bars reflect the statistical uncertainties of the dimer and monomer fragment signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-cluster-intensities-as-a-function-of-the-393atwzc.png Fig. 1. Relative cluster intensities as a function of the delay period between photoexcitation and detection. Example of the decay Au+13 → Au+12,Au+11 after excitation with a 10 ns laser pulse at 5.00 eV photon energy and a pulse energy of 75 µJ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-of-flight-spectra-of-au-n-n-2-6-after-size-ky8ax4c6.png Fig. 2. Time-of-flight spectra of Au+n , n = 2-6 after size selection and photoexcitation at 3.48 eV showing the respective decay pathways. The Au+ signal in the spectra of Au+4−6 is due to incomplete mass selection prior to laser excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-p1-n-from-the-modified-liquid-drop-model-for-details-21xc5v97.png Fig. 6. P1(n) from the modified liquid drop model. For details see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-p2-n-the-use-of-the-dotted-and-dashes-lines-is-the-1ebvbhi6.png Fig. 7. P2(n). The use of the dotted and dashes lines is the same as in Fig. 6 (for details see text). https://scispace.com/papers/decentralized-enforcement-of-document-lifecycle-constraints-49v4sn1t4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-matrix-for-a-loan-application-from-4-b21s5h66.png Figure 1: Process Matrix for a loan application, from [4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-running-time-of-artichoke-on-pdf-documents-with-a-1k7uxckg.png Figure 7: Running time of Artichoke on PDF documents with a peer-action sequence of increasing length: (a) to write the to document; (b) to check a document. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-partial-lifecycle-example-1t0ci9nl.png Figure 6: Partial Lifecycle example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-oyster-card-used-for-public-transport-in-london-k2ucvxzz.png Figure 2: The Oyster Card used for public transport in London (source: Wikipedia). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-processing-time-between-a-stateful-1d60h6n2.png Figure 8: Comparison of processing time between a stateful and a stateless peer, to verify the same peer-action sequence. Notice the use of a logarithmic scale on the y axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-file-size-of-a-pdf-document-with-a-peer-action-1gnr6l34.png Figure 9: File size of a PDF document with a peer-action sequence of increasing length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semantics-of-ltl-23yv0dzj.png Table 1: Semantics of LTL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lifecycle-enforcement-ut7xvfa4.png Figure 5: Lifecycle Enforcement https://scispace.com/papers/decision-by-sampling-the-role-of-the-decision-environment-in-43frmxw5am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-frequencies-of-different-probability-phrases-in-3mbt41e7.png Figure 5. The frequencies of different probability phrases in the British National Corpus. Adapted from Stewart, Chater, and Brown (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-dbs-probability-weighting-function-derived-from-2mk78z58.png Figure 6. The DbS probability-weighting function derived from the distribution of probability phrases in the British National Corpus in Figure 5. Adapted from Stewart, Chater, and Brown (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-power-law-utility-functionu-x-xa-transforms-tikuqtzr.png Figure 1. A power law utility functionU(x) = xα transforms moneyx into its subjective equivalentU(x). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-preference-reversal-for-the-choice-30-chance-of-3r19e0rx.png Figure 10. A preference reversal for the choice 30% chance of 100 or 40% chance of 75 ipoints Stewart and Reimers (2008b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-example-probability-weighting-function-top-and-3amq8mwy.png Figure 2. A: Example probability-weighting function (top) and value function (bottom) from cumulative prospect theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-choice-proportions-from-the-kahneman-and-tversky-2f0tml32.png Figure 7. Choice proportions from the Kahneman and Tversky (1979) data set plotted against DbS predictions. Data point numbers match Kahneman and Tversky’s numbering. Adapted from Stewart and Simpson (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-framing-effect-3g0o4ghc.png Table 2 The Framing Effect https://scispace.com/papers/decision-making-in-a-changing-world-a-study-in-autism-3zirrs0uyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-information-mean-sd-age-gender-verbal-iq-3vxdl5ro.png Table 1: Demographic information (mean ± SD): age, gender, verbal IQ, performance IQ and AQ of control and ASD participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-aq-and-the-extent-to-which-all-2eb2cl4c.png Table 3: Correlations between AQ and the extent to which all pooled subjects followed the cue https://scispace.com/papers/decision-making-in-mental-health-team-meetings-ubj27pa5sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-handling-role-boundaries-phases-and-sub-phases-2z9ab82u.png Figure 1: Handling Role Boundaries phases and sub-phases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-model-of-handling-role-boundaries-2010aqar.png Table 1: Basic model of Handling Role Boundaries https://scispace.com/papers/decision-support-system-for-forest-fires-firefighting-in-305pkbezsl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modelo-de-dados-3shh4wm1.png Figure 3. Modelo de dados https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-esquema-de-comunicacao-atualmente-utilizado-3lx8qq3l.png Figure 1. Esquema de comunicação atualmente utilizado https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-esquema-do-sistema-projetado-3aup1640.png Figure 2. Esquema do sistema projetado https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interface-da-aplicacao-websig-3ixne0sn.png Figure 4. Interface da aplicação WebSIG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interface-da-aplicacao-websig-ja-com-a-informacao-1qfajgam.png Figure 5. Interface da aplicação WebSIG já com a informação inserida na aplicação móvel do veículo de combate terrestre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interfaces-da-aplicacao-movel-para-meios-terrestres-1tnbqr8n.png Figure 6. Interfaces da aplicação móvel para meios terrestres https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-interface-da-aplicacao-movel-para-meios-aereos-3tb3g33s.png Figure 7. Interface da aplicação móvel para meios aéreos https://scispace.com/papers/decorrelated-grace-time-variable-gravity-solutions-by-gfz-57krxtr1tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratios-of-pixel-wise-wrms-for-two-decorrelation-329kri7m.png Figure 5. Ratios of pixel-wise WRMS for two decorrelation filters (DDK3/DDK1) for GRACE (a) and WGHM (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-data-fits-of-kband-range-rate-residuals-from-1t783n0z.png Table 6. Data fits of Kband range rate residuals from original and decorrelated GRACE solutions (L = 120). In brackets () the number of data points after automatic editing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-esm-maximum-differences-of-block-diagonal-filter-2n64amcr.png Table 4. (ESM) Maximum differences of block diagonal filter with respect to full matrix filter, lmax=70 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-data-fits-slr-residuals-gps-code-and-phase-residuals-8q4hed4b.png Table 5. Data fits (SLR residuals, GPS code and phase residuals) from original and decorrelated GRACE solutions (L = 120). In brackets () the number of data points after automatic editing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coefficients-w-l-l-m-a-for-m-as-in-the-figure-m0oyqr3d.png Figure 1. Coefficients w(l, l′, m, a) for m as in the figure headers, decorrelation filters DDK1 (left), DDK2 (middle), DDK3 (right)(cf. table 1) D R A F T February 7, 2009, 9:45pm D R A F T https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-esm-min-max-in-cm-of-pixel-wise-wrms-for-grace-and-u1qwu57e.png Table 10. (ESM) MIN/MAX (in cm) of pixel-wise WRMS for GRACE and WGHM over all continents, MAX also in relative units (w.r.t. DDK1) and as ratios GRACE/WGHM https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-pixel-wise-wrms-in-cm-for-grace-as-seen-by-the-2pqz5ut3.png Table 11. Pixel-wise WRMS (in cm) for GRACE as seen by the three decorrelation filters and by Gaussian filters. Evaluated globally, for the total continent and ocean surface, and for the Amazon and Sahara regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pixel-wise-wrms-of-grace-a-and-wghm-b-both-in-mm-2ocm2crp.png Figure 2. Pixel-wise WRMS of GRACE (a) and WGHM (b), both in mm, and the pixel-wise correlation of GRACE and WGHM (c), as seen by the decorrelation filter DDK1 https://scispace.com/papers/decreasing-entropy-how-wide-to-open-the-window-3s8oj3aqgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-second-sentence-figure-3-as-the-participants-saw-1t7vzqna.png Table 1. The second sentence (Figure 3) as the participants saw it step-by-step (2nd column). The words that have just appeared are in boldface. The 3rd column is the translation of the last words according to their left-context. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-distance-of-the-nominative-possessor-and-its-1uwh56g4.png Fig. 5. The distance of the nominative possessor and its possessum (in nominative) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-argument-structures-of-the-hungarian-szakit-verb-38yrz2zt.png Table 2. The argument structures of the Hungarian szaḱıt verb and some of its possible verb modifiers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-entropy-value-changes-over-a-multiple-suffixed-1in7srje.png Fig. 1. Entropy value changes over a multiple suffixed Hungarian noun https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-possible-preverbs-per-verb-a-little-more-cckxdkcq.png Fig. 4. Number of possible preverbs per verb. A little more than half of the Hungarian verbs that have preverbs can bear various preverbs in the sentence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positions-of-post-verbal-detached-preverbs-in-edited-2mr93bit.png Table 3. Positions of post-verbal detached preverbs – In edited texts 99% of the detached preverbs appear immediately after the verb, even in unedited texts the maximum two tokens after the verb contain the 99% of preverbs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-reaction-time-influenced-by-the-newly-8z2y153z.png Fig. 3. Average reaction time influenced by the newly appearing word (The translated sentence and separately the translation of each individual word according to the full sentence i.e. after the part-of-speech and word-sense disambiguation are displayed.) https://scispace.com/papers/deep-learning-data-augmentation-for-raman-spectroscopy-3ipeypzt0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-confusion-matrix-of-the-proposed-dl-da-2bs7ii4j.png Figure 5. The confusion matrix of the proposed DL DA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-benchmark-rs-data-1ep95ms7.png Table 1. Statistics of the benchmark RS data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-the-data-augmentation-sample-size-n-using-1sbpngyv.png Table 6. Impact of the data augmentation sample size n′, using stratified data augmentation and kernel width k=5 (m represents that the augmentation data for each category is m as many as the original sample). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visualization-of-the-distributions-of-the-original-s8yn7d43.png Figure 4. Visualization of the distributions of the original samples (a) vs. GAN generated samples (b), in the RS spectra feature space using t-SNE29. Each dot denotes a sample, color-coded by the label where red, blue, green denote BCC, SCC, Normal, respectively (using balanced data augmentation with n′=128). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-impact-of-the-data-augmentation-sample-size-n-using-64b837b8.png Table 5. Impact of the data augmentation sample size n′, using balanced data augmentation and kernel width k=5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-normal-a-vs-squamous-cell-carcinoma-g3ryc95h.png Figure 1. Examples of normal (a) vs. squamous cell carcinoma tissue (b) specimens. Square regions indicated by the arrows were treated with a high-powered IR laser to ablate the tissue surface. Raman spectra were collected from both ablated and non-ablated regions of the samples. The numbers, 1, 2, and 3, indicate each distinct ablation treatment area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-raman-spectra-measured-from-a-dataset-with-three-2ex2e5vr.png Figure 2. Raman spectra measured from a dataset with three categories: BCC (basal cell carcinoma), NORMAL, and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma), which are representative of the range of spectra measured in this work. Each sample has 1608 dimensions, where each dimension correspond to the wavelength number of the Raman shift (ranging from 600.237 to 1699.39 cm−1). The value of each dimension represents the Raman intensity. For simplicity, four randomly selected samples in each category are used for visualization. “Treated” means that the sample has been treated using a high-powered IR laser to ablate the tissue surface, or no laser treatment otherwise (“Untreated”). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-comparison-between-proposed-method-dl-697pf582.png Table 2. Performance comparison between proposed method (DL DAb) vs. baselines, using balanced data augmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/deepcovid-an-operational-deep-learning-driven-framework-for-mhy7v6fn7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-our-deepcovid-framework-for-realtime-32wnq3e6.png Figure 1: Schematic of our DEEPCOVID framework for realtime COVID-19 forecasting. The data module is dedicated to data pre-processing including imputation of missing values and aggregating at the right temporal and spatial resolution. The prediction module generates probabilistic forecasts based on the curated data. Finally, the explainability module (with interface) allows both the real-time and retrospective analysis of forecasts to build intuitive explanations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-examples-when-we-were-able-to-anticipate-the-1z4zkb4i.png Figure 2: Two examples when we were able to anticipate the upcoming change of trends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-deepcovid-outperforms-the-official-ensemble-in-us-1xdo7484.png Figure 4: (a) DEEPCOVID outperforms the official ensemble in US National short-term (1-2 wk ahead) forecasting in MAPE. (b) Our US National short-term confidence intervals are close using probabilistic metric Γα with α = 0.7. (c) Our focus on short-term predictions does not compromise longer-term (1-4 wk ahead) performance in multiple regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-examples-of-finer-grained-reporting-patterns-2ty81e45.png Figure 3: Two examples of finer grained reporting patterns captured by DEEPCOVID. Note the dips in reporting for weekends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contribution-of-signals-in-1-4-wk-ahead-forecasting-2eb23oiw.png Table 3: Contribution of signals in 1-4 wk ahead forecasting for US National and three states. We present the t-stat (higher value, higher contribution). Green indicates positive, red negative, and black non-statistically significant contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-challenges-and-solutions-ql1rr4sh.png Table 1: Summary of challenges and solutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-data-signals-used-in-deepcovid-ili-25vuyjwe.png Table 2: Overview of data signals used in DEEPCOVID. (ILI=Influenza like Illness; CLI=COVID like Illness). Expanded table can be found in the appendix. https://scispace.com/papers/default-mode-network-abnormalities-during-state-switching-in-285oi8m9vs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-peak-activation-coordinates-of-dmn-areas-bba825ez.png Table 2. Overview of peak activation coordinates of DMN areas for the rest cue vs. task cue contrast inclusively masked by the standard DMN mask. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-brain-activation-map-averaged-over-19-adhd-and-21-34yzje72.png Figure 2. Brain activation map averaged over 19 ADHD and 21 control subjects depicting areas exhibiting activation increases upon switch cues (switch cue vs. repeat cue). A – whole brain unmasked contrast; B – whole-brain contrast inclusively masked by standard SN mask; FWE-cluster level corrected p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-peak-activation-coordinates-of-areas-for-1fcsvek4.png Table 3. Overview of peak activation coordinates of areas for the switch cue vs. repeat cue contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-peak-activation-coordinates-of-sn-areas-3ushi7j0.png Table 4. Overview of peak activation coordinates of SN areas for the switch cue vs. repeat cue contrast inclusively masked by the standard SN mask. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-brain-activation-map-averaged-over-19-adhd-and-21-h0uz9fme.png Figure 1. Brain activation map averaged over 19 ADHD and 21 control subjects depicting areas exhibiting activation increases upon rest cues (rest cue vs. task cue). A – whole brain unmasked contrast; B – whole-brain contrast inclusively masked by standard DMN mask; FWE-cluster level corrected p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-peak-activation-coordinates-of-areas-for-3e59pjhi.png Table 1. Overview of peak activation coordinates of areas for the rest cue vs. task cue contrast. https://scispace.com/papers/deeply-supervised-model-for-click-through-rate-prediction-in-3fpesn9xlx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cohort-negative-sampling-an-example-with-queries-1dsfhp90.png Figure 2: Cohort negative sampling (an example with queries and served ads in the position “north”, n1 up to n5) Red links are ad clicks, blue links are ads displayed but not clicked, and negative pairs we create by coupling queries and ads that were not displayed for that ad - dotted links. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-the-proposed-models-vs-baselines-3tlu8owk.png Table 1: Performance of the proposed models vs baselines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-auc-for-ctr-decomposed-by-query-frequency-2yudowvj.png Figure 4: AUC for CTR decomposed by query frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-auc-for-ctr-decomposed-by-impression-position-2sz0tl68.png Figure 5: AUC for CTR decomposed by impression position https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-models-with-learned-embeddings-on-the-right-13ngee7g.png Figure 3: Models with learned embeddings (on the right) performbetter thanmodelswith pretrained vectors (on the left) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-dsm-model-block-diagram-cv5y6o46.png Figure 1: Proposed DSM model block diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-data-set-scale-on-models-ctr-prediction-m6w3z67v.png Figure 6: Effect of Data set scale on models’ CTR prediction performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ndcg-k-on-editorial-65k-query-ad-pairs-2j3wjq70.png Figure 7: NDCG@K on editorial 65K query-ad pairs https://scispace.com/papers/default-penalty-as-a-disciplinary-and-selection-mechanism-in-1q96mgg9ph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-holdings-of-goods-a-and-b-in-the-four-runs-of-9cl5iwen.png Figure 2: Holdings of Goods A and B in the Four Runs of Treatment 1a (with Good A as the Numeraire) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-exchange-economy-with-two-goods-and-three-1a2af0un.png Figure 1: An Exchange Economy with Two Goods and Three Competitive Equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-individual-and-average-holdings-of-goods-a-and-b-in-369iu6ht.png Figure 5: Individual and Average Holdings of Goods A and B in Treatment 2 (holdings of goods and money carried over from one period to the next) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-series-of-cumulative-trading-volume-in-6ead5v93.png Figure 6: Time Series of Cumulative Trading Volume in Treatment 2. T2a is presented on the left side, T2b in the center, and T2c on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-holdings-of-goods-a-and-b-left-panel-and-1f77tvki.png Figure 11: Holdings of goods A and B (Left Panel) and Efficiency (Right Panel) per Period in Treatment 3-R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-time-series-of-trading-volume-left-panel-and-1iogossk.png Figure 12: Time Series of Trading Volume (Left Panel) and Efficiency (Right Panel) per Period in Treatment 3. The Second Run is shaded in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-series-of-cumulative-trading-volume-top-panels-2c6zkl2d.png Figure 4: Time Series of Cumulative Trading Volume (Top Panels) and Efficiency (Bottom Panels) per Period in Treatment 1. T1a is presented on the left side, while T1b is on the right side. The Second Run of each Student Cohort is shaded in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-holdings-of-goods-a-and-b-in-the-four-runs-of-1hz72m23.png Figure 3: Holdings of Goods A and B in the Four Runs of Treatment 1b (with Good B as the Numeraire) https://scispace.com/papers/defect-density-and-recombination-lifetime-in-2itmpjnjyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-of-states-as-assumed-in-the-numerical-model-yel2ku8z.png FIG. 2. Density of states as assumed in the numerical model. The pea the neutral and positively charged defects are located in the middle o band gap. A positive correlation energy of 0.2 eV is assumed so tha peak of the negatively charged defects is located above midgap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-darki-v-curves-for-different-constant-defect-233el822.png FIG. 4. Simulated darkI /V curves for different constant defect densiti (Nd i 51014, 1015, 1016 cm23), an inhomogeneous defect density~solid squares!, and a defect-richp/ i interface. Mobilities ofme51 ~dashed lines! and 1000 cm2 V21 s21 ~solid lines! were assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-net-volume-recombination-rateu-in-the-dark-at-0-1-v-djbwld53.png FIG. 5. Net volume recombination rateU in the dark at 0.1 V forward bias. https://scispace.com/papers/deformation-behavior-and-mechanical-properties-of-4kzds9rw85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-ru-and-3-2-maxp-for-al2o3-and-3ihrlb5w.png Fig. 4. The relationship between rU and 3/2 maxP for -Al2O3 and α-Al2O3(0001) under different indenter tip radii. The inset is magnified from the small indentation load regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-typical-nanoscale-elastic-and-elastic-1zkszygd.png Fig. 5. Comparison of typical nanoscale elastic and elastic/plastic features for -Al2O3 and α-Al2O3(0001) under nanoindentation. (a) The inset displays the purely elastic P-h curves of the two crystals, which fits well with the predictions of the Hertzian contact theory. (b) The linearly relationship of Pcr and crh∆ of the two crystals at pop-ins. https://scispace.com/papers/defining-the-genus-hydropsyche-trichoptera-hydropsychidae-ezgteklliu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-hydropsyche-and-cheumatopsyche-species-gy0orr2p.png TABLE 3. Comparison of Hydropsyche and Cheumatopsyche species numbers, taxonomy, distribution, and phallic characters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-dimensional-visualization-of-the-secondary-3e204bsd.png FIG. 5. Two-dimensional visualization of the secondary structure of the D2 region of nuclear large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (28S) D2 variable region of the exemplar specimen of Hydropsyche instabilis (Curtis). Hydropsyche instabilis is the senior synonym of Hydropsyche cinerea (Pictet), the type species of genus Hydropsyche (Fischer, 1963:51). Canonical pairings are represented by dashes, guanine–uracil (G–U) pairing by small black circles, and noncanonical pairings by large black circles in between nucleotide letters. The noncanonical adenine–cytosine (A– C) pair at the base of the loops between stems 2 and 2a is a synapomorphy for Hydropsyche. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bayesian-consensus-phylogenies-show-the-strongly-hc4xgzxx.png FIG. 2. Bayesian consensus phylogenies show the strongly supported monophyly of Hydropsyche. Trees were inferred from 1081 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] and D2 region of nuclear large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (28S D2) for 60 Hydropsychinae species under 2 model schema. A.—Consensus phylogeny from the Mixed (general time reversible [GTR]/Codon) model (weakly supported nodes beyond Hydropsyche were collapsed a posteriori for aesthetic reasons). B.—Consensus phylogeny from the GTR model. Thick solid lines, thin solid lines, and dashed lines signify nodes with 100%, 95 to 99%, and ,95% posterior probability support, respectively. Nomenclature changes outlined in our paper are reflected. Numbers and codes in species names refer to BOLD sample identification numbers (see Appendix 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-classification-schemes-for-the-species-az5hxdz8.png TABLE 1. Various classification schemes for the species originally described as Hydropsyche bronta Ross 1938. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maximum-likelihood-topology-for-60-species-of-1d8dmlbe.png FIG. 4. Maximum likelihood topology for 60 species of Hydropsychinae scaled according to nonsynonymous mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) substitution rates calculated in the program HyPhy. Two amino acid changes occurred in the ancestor to Hydropsyche and are synapomorphies for that genus. Rates are presented on nodes for each lineage. Likelihood parameters were optimized on the maximum likelihood topology recovered from GARLI ML software using a general time reversible + invariant time + C (GTR+I+C) model on 1081 nucleotides of the D2 region of nuclear large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid [28S D2] and COI gene fragments. Nomenclature changes outlined in this paper are reflected. Leu = leucine, met = methionine, val = valine, Ileu = isoleucine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bayesian-consensus-phylogenies-based-on-1636-ain9fb96.png FIG. 3. Bayesian consensus phylogenies based on 1636 nucleotides of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (28S) regions D1, D2, and D3 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragments for 12 Hydropsychinae taxa mirrored strong support for Cheumatopsyche, Potamyia, and Hydropsyche monophyly, but recovered a paraphyletic Hydromanicus. A.—Topology recovered by both PHASE and MrBayes under a Mixed (general time reversible [GTR]/Codon) model. The top number in each pair is the value in PHASE, and the bottom number is the value in MrBayes. B.—Topology recovered by MrBayes using a GTR model for both partitions. Numbers at nodes represent posterior probability values; thick solid lines represent 100% posterior probability (p.p.) support. Nomenclature changes outlined in our paper are reflected. n.r. = not recovered. https://scispace.com/papers/dehydrogenative-silylation-of-alcohols-under-pd-nanoparticle-3s6irdcdnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scope-of-hydrosilanes-for-dehydrocoupling-q52qfax3.png Table 2. Scope of hydrosilanes for dehydrocoupling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-the-dehydrogenative-silylation-of-qylockkv.png Table 1. Optimization of the dehydrogenative silylation of menthol. https://scispace.com/papers/delay-aware-green-hybrid-cran-3yza00lwdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-function-split-model-1-2be4zww1.png Fig. 2. Function split model [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-osinm3ka.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-h-cran-architecture-1-2xoi6xtl.png Fig. 1. H-CRAN architecture [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-downlink-reference-complexity-and-exponent-of-1lhvrzi6.png TABLE II DOWNLINK REFERENCE COMPLEXITY AND EXPONENT OF DIGITAL COMPONENTS FOR SISO, 20 MHZ, 6 BPS/HZ (64-QAM, CODING RATE 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-delay-model-for-each-element-of-the-proposed-2ensgtbx.png Fig. 3. Delay model for each element of the proposed architecture, given virtualized function processing (function-split). https://scispace.com/papers/delayed-afterdepolarizations-generate-both-triggers-and-a-435j9n8w0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-complex-excitation-patterns-in-a-1-dimensional-31yp3vki.png Figure 4 Complex excitation patterns in a 1-dimensional cable. A–C: Space–time plots of membrane potential vs time in a 300-cell cable in which all cells exhibited delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) with randomly assigned latencies (σ¼ 50 ms) following a paced action potential. gspon¼ 0.15 ms–1. Asterisk in B and C indicates the earliest site of TA. D: Probability of no triggered activity (TA; red), a successfully propagating TA (blue), and a TA with conduction block (green) vs gspon for σ ¼ 30 ms. E: Probability of conduction block vs gspon for different σ. F: Probability of conduction block vs gspon for different diffusion coefficients (D) reflecting gap junction coupling. G: Probability of conduction block vs gspon for different gNa. H: Probability of conduction block vs gspon for shifts in the half-maximal voltage of h1. The cable length in D–Hwas 450 cells. The probability of each parameter point was calculated from 1000 random trials. The green curve in D–H is the control case with σ ¼ 30 ms, D ¼ 0.0005 cm2/ms, gNa ¼ 12 pA/pF, and a –5 mV shift of h1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-summary-data-for-reentry-induction-in-heterogeneous-1c7rthdq.png Figure 5 Summary data for reentry induction in heterogeneous 2-dimensional tissue.A: Example of checkerboard gspon distribution. gspon in each checker was drawn from a random gaussian distribution with an average value of 0.172 ms–1 and a standard deviation σ ¼ 0.03 ms–1. B: Examples of voltage snapshots illustrating no triggered activity (TA), TA – reentry, and TAþ reentry. C: Probability of TAþ reentry (green), TA – reentry (blue), and no TA (red) vs checker size. Dashed line indicates the total probability of TA. D: Probability of reentry vs checker size for different diffusion coefficients (D, cm2/ms). E: Probability of reentry for different gNa. F: Probability of TA – reentry and TA þ reentry vs gNa for an 8 8 checker size. The standard deviation for random delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) latency of individual cells was σ ¼ 50 ms. Tissue size was 512 512 cells. The probability of each parameter point was calculated from 500 random trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-delayed-afterdepolarization-dad-model-a-dads-yhaodzck.png Figure 1 The delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) model. A: DADs and triggered activity (TA) from a single isolated cell for different gspon values. Top traces show membrane potential. Bottom traces show the corresponding intracellular Ca concentrations. B: Maximum DAD voltage amplitude vs gspon. Arrow indicates gspon threshold for a suprathreshold DAD eliciting TA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conduction-block-and-reentry-in-heart-failure-heart-lqjmefkn.png Figure 6 Conduction block and reentry in heart failure. Heart failure was simulated as described in Xie et al.21 A: Probability of conduction block in a 1-dimensional cable vs gspon for different delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) latency σ. The gspon range for conduction block is lower than in the nonfailing condition (Figure 4E). B: Probability of triggered activity (TA)þ reentry (green) vs checker size in a 2-dimensional tissue of failing cells for different gNa. gspon was drawn from a gaussian distribution with an average value of 0.065 ms–1 and a standard deviation of σ¼ 0.02 ms–1. DAD latency standard deviation σ ¼ 50 ms. C: Probability of TA – reentry and TA þ reentry vs gNa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conduction-block-due-to-a-subthreshold-delayed-1smexsjx.png Figure 2 Conduction block due to a subthreshold delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) in a 1-dimensional cable. A: A 300-cell cable is paced at a cycle length of 500 ms and a subthreshold DAD occurs in the middle 100 cells approximately 450 ms after the action potential (AP) upstroke. Top traces show membrane potential of every 10th cell. Bottom trace shows a space–time plot of voltage along the cable. B: Under the same conditions, a premature stimulus elicited an AP (premature ventricular contraction [PVC]), which propagated into the DAD region. When the coupling interval (CI) of the PVC was 460 ms (left) or 500 ms (right), the PVC propagated successfully to the other end of the cable. For CI of 480 ms (middle), however, conduction block occurred in the DAD region.C: A parameter diagram showing conduction block (in black) as a function of CI and gspon. Dashed line indicates the transition from a subthreshold to suprathreshold DAD causing triggered activity (TA) at gspon ¼ 0.0695 ms–1. D: Voltage and Na channel availability (h*j) vs time for the unshifted (solid) and 5-mV left-shifted (dashed) h1 during a DAD. E: Conduction block as a function of gNa and left-shift of h1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-voltage-snapshots-for-3-different-checker-sizes-in-2dybi8z4.png Figure 7 Voltage snapshots for 3 different checker sizes in heterogeneous 2-dimensional tissue. Left panels show gspon distributions and right panels show corresponding voltage snapshots of delayed afterdepolarization (DAD)-mediated triggered activity (TA) and conduction block at various times after a paced action potential, with checker sizes of 256 256 (A), 32 32 (B), and 1 1 (C) cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-delayed-afterdepolarization-dad-26kbgpsf.png Figure 3 Effects of delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) synchronization on conduction block. A: Random DAD latency when the cells in a 1-dimensional cable are electrically uncoupled (left) or coupled by gap junctions (right), illustrating the synchronizing effect of coupling on the tissue DAD. B: Voltage snapshots showing 2 different trials in which DAD latencies were randomly selected from a gaussian distribution with a standard deviation (σ) of 20 ms. The resulting subthreshold tissue DADs were sufficiently different to cause an identically timed premature ventricular contraction (PVC) to block in 1 trial (left) but successfully propagate in the other trial (right). C–E: Probability of conduction block (pblock) vs gspon for different σ (C), gNa (D), and D (E) in a cable length of 450 cells. The probability of each parameter point was calculated from 1000 random trials. The green curve in C–E is the control case with σ ¼ 30 ms, D ¼ 0.0005 cm2/ms, gNa ¼ 12 pA/pF, and a –5 mV shift of h1. https://scispace.com/papers/delayed-and-localized-pemphigus-vulgaris-after-breast-cancer-4lhl0wcsj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tang-hkc-et-al-2016-2ll1y26s.png Figure 1 Tang HKC et al, 2016 https://scispace.com/papers/deliberate-change-without-hierarchical-influence-the-case-of-2k2bnbzhub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-topics-discussed-in-the-r-d-committees-mailing-list-fh4a80zs.png Table 1. Topics discussed in the R&D Committee’s mailing list https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-growth-of-typo3-depicted-as-the-number-of-34sv5atb.png Figure 1. The growth of TYPO3 depicted as the number of registered developers, references, and extensions (2003- 2005).1 Source: http://typo3.com/ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-sources-2s7spday.png Table 2. Data sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-representative-quotes-events-and-archival-entries-2kyszkn9.png Table 4. Representative quotes, events, and archival entries underlying the identified drivers of change https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-four-change-initiatives-2kupcmy8.png Table 3. The four change initiatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-of-the-moderators-of-change-initiatives-in-3w2jhg5y.png Figure 2. Model of the moderators of change initiatives in OSS communities https://scispace.com/papers/delaying-product-introduction-a-dynamic-analysis-with-gzoei4ibag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-value-functions-for-different-values-of-f-13qulm1g.png Figure 2: Value functions for different values of F . Parameters: r = 0.04, δ = 0.1, η = 0.9, θ = 0.1, γ = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-value-function-for-high-f-parameters-r-0-04-d-0-1-e-2ets6e07.png Figure 4: Value function for high F . Parameters: r = 0.04, δ = 0.1, η = 0.9, θ = 0.1, γ = 0.15, F = 1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-optimal-time-of-switching-for-different-36bpdyy4.png Figure 10: Optimal time of switching for different parameterizations of η and θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-vector-plot-for-f-1-275-f-ue5wd128.png Figure 13: Vector plot for F = 1.275 (> F̃ ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-welfare-gain-for-k1-k-ss-m1-1-parameters-r-0-04-d-2a29oyzj.png Figure 11: Welfare gain for K1 = K ss,m1 1 . Parameters: r = 0.04, δ = 0.1, η = 0.9, θ = 0.1, γ = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bifurcation-diagram-of-m1-3owddabz.png Figure 5: Bifurcation diagram of m1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-superimposed-diagram-2cnkoekx.png Figure 6: Superimposed diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-hand-side-h-and-right-hand-side-rs-of-bfh8fzj3.png Figure 12: Left hand side (H) and right hand side (rS) of terminal condition. https://scispace.com/papers/democracy-state-capacity-and-covid-19-related-school-1k2q1h3i12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-failure-rates-for-134-countries-with-2fh0a9md.png Figure 2: Kaplan Meier failure rates for 134 countries with 10 or more confirmed cases, categoried according to whether they belong to the top half or bottom half of countries in the sample with respect to democracy (D) and state capacity (SC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-event-history-analysis-of-time-to-school-closure-1ocdyfpz.png Table 1: Event history analysis of time to school closure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-national-and-localized-school-closures-caused-by-d8fx5mej.png Figure 1: National and localized school closures caused by COVID-19 since February 16, 2020. Source: UNESCO (2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-y-axis-days-to-school-closure-after-10-confirmed-94ayu8pm.png Figure 3: Y-axis: Days to school closure after 10 confirmed cases. X-axis: Government effectiveness (Kaufmann et al. 2011). Orange markers indicate below-median democracy (V-Dem) and green markers denote above-median democracy. Includes 134 countries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exponentiated-regression-coefficients-from-survival-kbdy78vv.png Figure 4: Exponentiated regression coefficients from survival models with shared country frailties. Set A and B use different indicators for democracy and state capacity. ‘Exp’ denotes parametric models with an exponential survival distribution, ‘Cox’ denotes non-parametric Cox models. All models also include world region dummies and an indicator for weekend days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-conditional-effect-of-a-272-percent-growth-in-sjhtqf1l.png Figure 5: The conditional effect of a 272 percent growth in the number of confirmed cases on school closure, conditional on democracy and state capacity respectively, and with all other variables held at their means. Estimates are based on the linear probability models with country fixed effects reported in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-probability-models-of-school-closure-after-10-2xoueyai.png Table 2: Linear probability models of school closure after 10 confirmed cases. https://scispace.com/papers/demonstration-of-savings-on-the-avlt-and-development-of-a-2fhw7egduk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-2-test-vs-retest-by-5-trials-analysis-of-variance-3jzhueng.png Table 2. A 2 (test vs. retest) by 5 (trials) analysis of variance was carried out for the group receiving the same version at test and retest (n = 30). A significant main effect for trials was obtained, F(4,116) = 122.28,p< .0001). A significant main effect for test vs. retest was also obtained, F( 1,29) = 43.12,;? < .0001. Posthoc analysis using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference Test (Hays, 1981, pp. 434-438) revealed that performance was significantly higher at retest on all AVLT trials except for trial 5. A significant Test/Retest x Trials interaction was also obtained, F(4,116) = 5.72, p = .0003. This indicates that the improvement at retesting was not uniform across AVLT trials but rather was greater on earlier https://scispace.com/papers/dendrochronological-dating-of-wood-from-the-fountain-of-42uqea1z7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-measurements-from-the-three-measured-radii-for-pine-3s89rh7z.png Table 1A. Measurements from the three measured radii for pine sample 8SJ31-2741 in Tucson Decadal Format. Each value represents the ring width in 0.001 format (e.g. ‘‘3706’’ 5 3.706 mm). Each row contains 10 annual measurement values. ‘‘29999’’ is the end of series marker. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-measurements-from-the-two-measured-radii-for-u19ooe5l.png Table 1A. Measurements from the three measured radii for pine sample 8SJ31-2741 in Tucson Decadal Format. Each value represents the ring width in 0.001 format (e.g. ‘‘3706’’ 5 3.706 mm). Each row contains 10 annual measurement values. ‘‘29999’’ is the end of series marker. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-line-graphs-comparing-the-lake-louise-residual-2yfngjdn.png Figure 5. A. Line graphs comparing the Lake Louise RESIDUAL chronology (dashed line) with the RESIDUAL chronology from sample 8SJ31-2741 (solid line) (r 5 0.53, n 5 48, t 5 4.24, p , 0.001). Circles accentuate the unique pattern of narrow rings common to both plots. B. Skeleton plot comparing the Lake Louise narrow rings (bottom) with those from sample 8SJ31-2741 (top), highlighting the unique pattern of six narrow rings common to both series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-st-augustine-and-the-fountain-of-youth-1e6tbqs9.png Figure 1. Location of St. Augustine and the Fountain of Youth Park site relative to the locations of the two reference chronologies used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cofecha-output-showing-the-five-best-dating-3p0sl7km.png Table 2. COFECHA output showing the five best dating adjustments (‘‘Add’’) based on the five highest correlation coefficients (‘‘Corr #’’) for pine sample 8SJ31-2741 against the Lake Louise master chronology in 35-yr long segments (5-yr lag). The dating adjustment ‘‘+1619’’ (in bold) shows consistently for all segments on all three series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cofecha-output-showing-the-five-best-dating-3qzhaat2.png Table 3. COFECHA output showing the five best dating adjustments (‘‘Add’’) based on the five highest correlation coefficients (‘‘Corr #’’) for pine sample 8SJ31-2741 against the Lake Louise master chronology, this time using the entire length of each series. The dating adjustment ‘‘+1619’’ (in bold) shows consistently for all three series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cypress-sample-8sj31-2766-left-and-pine-sample-3i51rgmg.png Figure 3. Cypress sample 8SJ31-2766 (left) and pine sample 8SJ31-2741 (right) showing the original metal axe cut ends. Sample 8SJ31-2741 is 18 cm in width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-site-8sj31-the-fountain-of-youth-park-3no2dseo.png Figure 2. Site 8SJ31, the Fountain of Youth Park archaeological site, showing locations from which the two wooden posts (8SJ31-2741 and 8SJ31-2766) were extracted (large arrows at top). https://scispace.com/papers/denial-of-sleep-attacks-against-iot-networks-1dpz53enyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-latency-s-induced-in-considered-scenarios-1wgcj1tk.png Fig. 4: Average latency (s) induced in considered scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-upstream-reliability-achieved-with-a-fully-aware-pi1ps0v2.png Fig. 5: Upstream reliability achieved with a fully-aware attacker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-latencies-s-induced-by-considered-22jxkzzv.png Fig. 3: Comparison of latencies (s) induced by considered scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-target-of-selective-jamming-attacks-required-2ixb9i2t.png TABLE I: Target of selective jamming attacks, required knowledge and potential impact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upstream-reliability-as-impacted-by-random-and-time-gk8k8hj5.png Fig. 2: Upstream reliability as impacted by random and time-aware attackers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-repetition-of-slotframes-in-tsch-mode-of-ieee802-15-4e-3fslv5xm.png Fig. 1: Repetition of slotframes in TSCH mode of IEEE802.15.4e standard. https://scispace.com/papers/denitrification-and-total-nitrate-uptake-in-streams-of-a-54rbxrpn94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-no3-uptake-length-sw-mass-transfer-velocity-vf-areal-3vnuta1t.png FIG. 1. NO3 uptake length (SW), mass transfer velocity (Vf ), areal uptake rate (UNO3), and denitrification rate (Uden) in the nine streams for both day and night sampling periods. Error bars are the upper 95% confidence interval from the linear regression of the decline in ln15NO3 over distance downstream. (Uptake length for Vaca at night is infinite and therefore off scale.) Dotted lines separate streams of different land use. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-total-areal-no3-uptake-uno3-b-total-no3-uptake-1ipyj1ya.png FIG. 2. (a) Total areal NO3 uptake (UNO3), (b) total NO3 uptake velocity (Vf NO3), (c) areal denitrification rate (Uden), and (d) denitrification velocity (Vf den) as a function of stream NO3 concentration in all nine study streams. Lines indicate significant relationships using simple log-linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stream-chemical-and-biological-characteristics-350im93t.png TABLE 2. Stream chemical and biological characteristics during each of the 15N addition experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-total-no3-uptake-rate-uno3-as-a-function-of-gross-4x0tqbp2.png FIG. 3. (a) Total NO3 uptake rate (UNO3) as a function of gross primary production (GPP), (b) areal denitrification rate (Uden) as a function of ecosystem respiration (ER), (c) total NO3 uptake velocity (Vf ) as a function of GPP, and (d) total NO3 uptake length (SW) as a function of specific discharge (discharge divided by stream wetted width [Q/w]) in all nine streams. All plots shown are significant relationships in simple log-linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-no3-dynamics-in-our-tropical-sites-and-2s96petx.png FIG. 4. Comparison of NO3 dynamics in our tropical sites and all watersheds studied in LINX II (Mulholland et al. 2008). (a) Total NO3 uptake velocity (Vf ) and (b) NO3 uptake velocity due to denitrification (Vf den) as a function of average stream NO3 concentration. Black circles are from Puerto Rico, gray circles from other riparian forest based ecosystems, and open circles from ecosystems where riparian vegetation is not forest. https://scispace.com/papers/density-functional-theory-beyond-the-linear-regime-5dd8ibz3i6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-binding-energy-per-atom-of-the-wjnlscg9.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Binding energy per atom of the onedimensional hydrogen molecule as a function of the distance between the two ions; exact and LDA calculations for the singlet ground state and the first triplet state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-the-lda-correlation-energy-parametrization-3af88vgh.png TABLE I. Values of the LDA correlation-energy parametrization in Eq. (4) for the most widely used case, a = 1. The parametrization is reported for both unpolarized (ζ = 0) and fully polarized (ζ = 1) systems. The error on the last digits is given in parentheses, while the average error (in hartree units) in the full-density range is given in the last row. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-excitation-energies-from-the-linear-and-nonlinear-1gjdvn2b.png TABLE III. Excitation energies from the linear and nonlinear response of the 1D Be2+ atom corresponding to the spectra in Fig. 2. Excitations from the linear response are denoted as ω while those from the nonlinear spectrum are denoted with . All numbers are given in hartree units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-linear-top-and-nonlinear-bottom-spectra-1c0c7yy1.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Linear (top) and nonlinear (bottom) spectra of Be2+ comparing the exact and the 1D LDA calculation. The inset in the bottom figure shows a zoom into the region from 2.7 to 3.0 Ha. https://scispace.com/papers/density-functional-theory-of-positronium-and-electron-2pipihuw8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-pick-off-rate-a-no-and-the-energy-e-no-of-l9ag6kzm.png FIG. 7. The pick-off rate A,„(no) and the energy E„(no) of quasifree Ps as functions of density in uniform helium fluid at two different values for Ps-He scattering length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effective-radius-for-electron-bubbles-in-helium-yr6fn8cs.png FIG. 5. 'The effective radius for electron bubbles in helium fluid as a function of temperature at two densities ~ = 1.0 and 1.5 && 10 cm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-profiles-for-electron-bubbles-in-helium-at-33xevoqv.png FIG. 3. Density profiles for electron bubbles in helium at various temperatures and. densities. Upper part: Fixed density np ——0. 5 &10 cm 3 with temperatures T=6, 10, and 15 K. Lower part: Fixed temperature &=10K with densities ~=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5X10 cm '. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-dependence-of-the-scattering-length-a-on-the-35md4vg1.png FIG. 6. The dependence of the scattering length a on the parameter 0 of the Ps-He Lennard-Jones potential defined in Eq. (31). 0.6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-formation-region-of-ps-bubbles-in-fluid-helium-the-4du4xfbw.png FIG. 9. Formation region of Ps bubbles in fluid helium. The solid line represents the theoretical result where &0 = 0. The experimental points have been determined by extrapolating the pick-off rate in the bubble state to the straight line of the pick-off rate of quasifree Ps (Ref. 14). The dotted curve corresponds to the similar extrapolation of calculated pick-off rates. For details see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-density-profiles-of-ps-bubbles-in-helium-at-12n2s6cu.png FIG. 10. The density profiles of Ps bubbles in helium at various temperatures and densities. Upper part; Fixed density np=0. 5X10 cm" with T=6 and 10 K. Lower part: Fixed temperature T =10 K with Op=2, 0 and 0, 5 ~10+ cm"3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-energy-of-a-delocalized-excess-electron-in-uniform-b8asdzcj.png FIG. 1. The energy of a delocalized excess electron in uniform helium Quid. The optical potential Eq. (24) and the results of Tankersley {Ref. 20) are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/density-measurements-using-the-background-oriented-schlieren-2x8rf5o243 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-background-dot-pattern-a-without-the-flow-and-b-206ipm7z.png Fig. 5. The background dot pattern a without the flow and b with the flow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-average-displacement-field-vectors-of-density-1briqh4c.png Fig. 6. The average displacement field: vectors of density gradients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-computed-schlieren-horizontal-knife-edge-3tkduxtz.png Fig. 11. Computed Schlieren (horizontal knife-edge) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-configuration-of-projection-in-one-view-direction-at-h-hbov5lfa.png Fig. 2. Configuration of projection in one view direction at h (Feng et al 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-back-projected-normalized-density-field-as-viewed-17zoed1a.png Fig. 8. The back-projected normalized density field, as viewed from one direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-angular-variation-of-density-ratio-11mbxuqd.png Fig. 9. Comparison of angular variation of density ratio behind the shock https://scispace.com/papers/density-temperature-and-composition-of-the-north-american-3h4drcnzuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-two-slices-of-the-density-model-of-the-mantle-based-u74w6xx2.png Figure 8. Two slices of the density model of the mantle based on the joint inversion of the residual mantle gravity anomalies and residual topography. (a) Density anomalies at a depth of 100 km; (b) density anomalies at a depth of 200 km. Black lines show the location of the two vertical cross sections displayed at the bottom (see text for further explanations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-thermal-and-compositional-component-of-the-mantle-3pf76gu5.png Figure 11. Thermal and compositional component of the mantle gravity anomalies (mGal) estimated using (a and b) the regional tomography model NA07 [Bedle and van der Lee, 2009] and (c and d) the global tomography model SL2013sv [Schaeffer and Lebedev, 2013]. See text for further explanations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-s-wave-velocity-km-s-at-a-depth-of-100-km-provided-2hy75nmn.png Figure 5. S wave velocity (km/s) at a depth of 100 km provided by (a) the regional tomography model NA07 [Bedle and van der Lee, 2009] and (b) the global tomography model SL2013sv [Schaeffer and Lebedev, 2013]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-variations-c-at-a-depth-of-100-km-348x99f1.png Figure 9. Temperature variations ( C) at a depth of 100 km estimated from the inversion of (a) the regional seismic tomography model NA07 [Bedle and van der Lee, 2009] and (b) the global seismic tomography model SL2013sv [Schaeffer and Lebedev, 2013], assuming a uniform ‘‘Primitive mantle’’ composition [Griffin et al., 2003; McDonough and Sun, 1995] and the anelasticity model Q4 [Cammarano et al., 2003]. The black line shows the cross section location, while the white letters show the locations of the geological provinces whose geotherms are displayed in Figure 10. See text for further explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bouguer-gravity-anomalies-of-the-gravity-field-see-1768f6lo.png Figure 3. Bouguer gravity anomalies of the gravity field (see text for further explanation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topographic-map-of-north-america-km-taken-from-1x76qqej.png Figure 1. Topographic map of North America (km), taken from ETOPO2 [NOAA, 2010]. Red, pink, and blue dashed contours show the boundaries between the Archean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic tectonic provinces, delineated taking into account the crustal age, the geographical extension of the key tectonic elements and the physiographical boundaries [modified after Tesauro et al., 2014a]. White labels stand as follows: AP, Appalachians; BR, Basin and Range; CA, Cascade; CHCr, Churchill craton; CI, Cuba Island; CP, Colorado Plateau; CPl, Canadian Platform; GC, Gulf of California; GM, Gulf of Mexico; GR, Grenville; HB, Hudson Basin; NAC, North American Cordillera; NM, North Margin; RM, Rocky Mountains; SLCr, Slave craton; SM, South Margin; SN, Sierra Nevada; SUCr, Superior craton; THO, Trans-Hudson Orogen; WYCr, Wyoming Craton; YM, Yavapai-Mazatzal province. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-anomalous-gravity-effect-of-the-crustal-layers-a-3dnl2klz.png Figure 6. Anomalous gravity effect of the crustal layers: (a) sediments (as contrasted to an assumed density 2.7 g/cm3 for crystalline crust); (b) crystalline crust; (c) Moho. Density of the lower crust and uppermost mantle is set to 2.94 and to 3.35 g/cm3, respectively, according to the reference model. Additional positive effect is created where the Moho is shallower than 15 km, corresponding to lower boundary of the upper layer of the reference model (see text for further explanation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-3-d-model-of-the-crystalline-crust-of-the-na-17vuch1k.png Figure 4. The 3-D model of the crystalline crust of the NA continent; (a–c) thickness of the upper, middle and lower crust, respectively; (d– f) density of the upper, middle and lower crust, respectively. The crystalline crust in the Gulf of Mexico has no internal division and its density corresponds to the entire crystalline crust. The crystalline crust of Cuba Island and the Gulf of California is divided in two layers and their densities and thickness refer to the upper and lower layer. https://scispace.com/papers/deoxyribozymes-dna-catalysts-for-bioorganic-chemistry-15oxnuavc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-generic-in-vitro-selection-strategy-for-identifying-2b8caejp.png Fig. 3 A generic in vitro selection strategy for identifying RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes. With suitable modifications, a similar approach can be applied to other DNA-catalyzed reactions (see text). Although the RNA and DNA are depicted as covalently connected for the purpose of selection, such attachment is not required for practical application of the deoxyribozymes (e.g. see Fig. 2A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rna-cleaving-deoxyribozymes-a-the-10-23-deoxyribozyme-1svtzbnb.png Fig. 2 RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes. (A) The 10–23 deoxyribozyme,18,19 showing its Watson–Crick mode of substrate binding and its generality for RNA substrate sequences. R = purine, Y = pyrimidine. (B). The chemical reaction of RNA cleavage. M2+ is a metal ion such as Mg2+. This transesterification reaction is often inaccurately termed ‘hydrolysis’; e.g. ‘alkaline hydrolysis’ is typically used to generate a regular cleavage ladder by random scission along an RNA strand under basic conditions. The specific sequence requirement for the 10–23 deoxyribozyme is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-rna-and-dna-noting-the-1okb3ox7.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of RNA and DNA, noting the interactions that can contribute to catalysis. For brevity, only adenosine (A) and cytidine (C) nucleobases are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reactions-catalyzed-by-rna-ligating-deoxyribozymes-a-2evcq5hj.png Fig. 4 Reactions catalyzed by RNA-ligating deoxyribozymes. (A) Two reactions that create linear RNA using readily available termini (B = nucleobase). In both cases, two product isomers are possible; controlling which isomer is formed is an active area of current investigation. (B) Reaction to synthesize 2,5-branched RNA. If the two RNA substrates are covalently connected by the dashed line, then the product is lariat RNA, which is topologically distinct from a 2,5-branch due to the closed loop. The RNA substrates shown in red and blue may have hundreds of chemically equivalent 2-hydroxyl groups, but only one of these reacts as a nucleophile, without the use of any protecting groups. For the 9F7 and 7S11 deoxyribozymes that catalyze branched RNA formation, the DNA interacts largely in Watson–Crick fashion with various portions of the RNA regions that are denoted by the red and blue bars.32,33,35,36 https://scispace.com/papers/dependable-fog-computing-a-systematic-literature-review-3r46hmodqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-reviewed-studies-1bptlcvx.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF REVIEWED STUDIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fog-computing-scheme-2q39tme1.png Fig. 1. Fog computing scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-adopted-methods-and-tools-2vjihqwy.png Fig. 8. Adopted methods and tools https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-research-method-2gp0rblq.png Fig. 3. Research Method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classes-of-notion-for-dependability-7-39jrxi4v.png Fig. 2. Classes of notion for dependability [7] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-paper-selection-process-2h1ku3of.png Fig. 4. Paper Selection Process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequency-of-the-observed-dependability-attributes-ytwlva33.png Fig. 5. Frequency of the Observed Dependability Attributes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-source-of-threats-3dub4r4n.png Fig. 6. Source of Threats https://scispace.com/papers/dependence-of-the-basic-dynamic-parameters-on-the-disturbing-517q5nl9b3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rectangular-impulse-forms-1zbyrddx.png Fig. 2. Rectangular impulse forms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-single-impulse-graphic-representation-26u1kmtd.png Fig. 1. Single impulse – graphic representation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-trapezoid-impulse-forms-11uh8mub.png Fig. 4. Trapezoid impulse forms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-departures-of-the-observed-parameters-for-1cze8zg3.png Table 1. Relative departures of the observed parameters for the different forms of impulses in respect to the 1. rectangular form – approximate solution (PFP), 2. rectangular form – correct solution (PFT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-departures-of-the-observed-parameters-for-1jnpkbwc.png Table 2. Relative departures of the observed parameters for the different forms of impulses in respect to the 1. rectangular form – approximate solution (PFP), https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parabolic-impulse-forms-mdcdz6x8.png Fig. 5. Parabolic impulse forms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sinusoid-impulse-forms-1lnlqjqz.png Fig. 6. Sinusoid impulse forms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dynamic-models-for-the-system-a-with-one-degree-of-1j6es73t.png Fig. 8. Dynamic models for the system: a) with one degree of freedom, b) with two degrees of freedom (m0 – mass of the falling load, h0– height of drop) https://scispace.com/papers/dependence-condition-graph-for-semantics-based-abstract-19srownl6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-semantics-based-abstract-pdg-and-corresponding-28um0c4h.png Figure 3: Semantics-based abstract PDG and corresponding slice by computing Statement Relevancy first, and then Semantic Dependency w.r.t. SIGN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-slicing-based-on-dcg-l4wjxl1w.png Figure 8: Slicing based on DCG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-treating-while-conditional-block-1u1dycaa.png Figure 5: Treating ”while” conditional block https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-semantics-based-abstract-sub-pdg-and-corresponding-btdhdtz8.png Figure 4: Semantics-based abstract sub-PDG and corresponding slice w.r.t. 〈13, y〉 after computing Conditional Dependencies w.r.t. SIGN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-algorithm-to-generate-precise-semantics-based-26sa3p62.png Figure 7: Algorithm to generate precise semantics-based (abstract) PDG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-traditional-program-dependency-graph-pdg-11tuymyj.png Figure 1: The traditional Program Dependency Graph (PDG) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-treatment-of-if-else-conditional-block-3uul7fdn.png Figure 6: Treatment of ”if-else” conditional block https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-semantics-based-abstract-pdg-and-corresponding-1pel7yrq.png Figure 2: Semantics-based abstract PDG and corresponding slice after computing Semantic Dependency w.r.t. SIGN https://scispace.com/papers/dependence-of-the-irradiation-induced-growth-kinetics-of-3p64dnxcxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tem-micrograph-of-the-unirradiated-sample-3aevyo4w.png FIG. 1: TEM micrograph of the unirradiated sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-number-of-satellites-and-b-the-corresponding-density-3vvifcb4.png FIG. 5: a) Number of satellites and b) the corresponding density as a function of the NCs size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relation-between-the-nc-size-and-the-mean-satellite-8zn14r0r.png FIG. 4: Relation between the NC size and the mean satellite size for a sample irradiated at a fluence of 1.5x1016 cm−2 with 4 MeV Au ions at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-satellites-size-distribution-as-a-function-of-the-nc-1t59fwzv.png FIG. 3: Satellites size distribution as a function of the NC size, as in figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tem-micrograph-of-ncs-with-different-sizes-irradiated-1pcs3al0.png FIG. 2: TEM micrograph of NCs with different sizes irradiated at a fluence of 1.5x1016 cm−2 with 4 MeV Au ions at room temperature. a) 5.8 nm, b) 8.7 nm, c) 16.7 nm and d) 25.1 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/dependence-of-two-photon-absorption-excited-fluorescence-on-4qo1s3ap4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nondegenerate-tpa-e-fluorescence-from-rhodamine-b-in-6bi32yqm.png FIG. 3. Nondegenerate TPA/E fluorescence from rhodamine B in methanol at 590 nm vs the angleu for pump beams at 750 and 965 nm for three sets of energy in the beams chosen in a way that the product of the energies is constant. The~c! is data from case I where there is ten times more energy in the 965 nm pump beam, the~j! is data from case II with equal energy in both beams and the~b! is data from case III with ten times more energy in the 750 nm beam. The solid symbols are measurements of the total fluorescence collected when the two beams overlap, and the hollow symbols are the sum of the fluorescence measured when each beam passes through the sample individually. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nondegenerate-tpa-e-fluorescence-from-rhodamine-b-in-pxg33o7j.png FIG. 2. Nondegenerate TPA/E fluorescence from rhodamine B in methanol at 590 nm normalized to unity at the minimum vs the angleu between the polarizations of the pump beams. The excitation wavelengths were:~.! 750 and 965 nm,~d! 920 and 1200 nm, and~j! 920 and 1367 nm. The symbols are experimental data points and the dashed curves are plots of the function 11A cos2 u whereA is chosen to fit each data set. https://scispace.com/papers/dependence-of-the-l-mode-scrape-off-layer-power-fall-off-5bojggnfhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-discharge-parameters-of-the-database-2v4i507e.png Table 1. Discharge Parameters of the database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-of-upper-triangularity-dup-with-a-1c9i0351.png Figure 2. Correlation of upper triangularity δup with (a) elongation κ and (b) edge safety factor q95. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-between-te-edge-and-a-l-out-q-and-b-l-2u1q8x6x.png Figure 10. Correlation between Te,edge and (a) λ out q and (b) λ in q . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-lq-ratio-depending-on-the-triangularity-factor-10-3237wt44.png Figure 14. λq ratio depending on the triangularity factor (10) using the upper triangularity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-connection-length-lomp-from-5-mm-outside-the-81m9jkx0.png Figure 4. Connection length LOMP from 5 mm outside the outermost point of the separatrix to both divertor targets versus (a) upper triangularity δup and (b) edge safety factor q95. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-upper-triangularity-dup-and-a-1l7e2c29.png Figure 3. Correlation between upper triangularity δup and (a) edge electron temperature Te,edge, (b) stored energyWMHD and (c) line averaged density ne,avg. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-discharge-parameters-for-a-selected-subset-of-the-67guwwkj.png Table 2. Discharge parameters for a selected subset of the database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-power-fall-off-length-lq-dependent-on-the-upper-1if9wtsp.png Figure 9. Power fall-off length λq dependent on the upper triangularity for both divertor targets in deuterium and favourable drift direction. https://scispace.com/papers/dependency-profiles-for-software-architecture-evaluations-c5g85wxfn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-conditions-for-each-of-the-four-categories-of-f2flm7l7.png TABLE I CONDITIONS FOR EACH OF THE FOUR CATEGORIES OF MODULES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependency-profiles-for-a-repository-of-systems-3rrvk9nw.png Fig. 2. Dependency profiles for a repository of systems, ordered by the percentage of hiddenCode. Each line represents a system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-lists-the-definitions-of-those-functions-using-3kqi3wq1.png Table III-A lists the definitions of those functions. Using these functions, each category of modules can be turned into a normalized metric by calculating the percentage of code in a system which belongs to each category. For example, the percentage of hiddenCode of a system is defined as: https://scispace.com/papers/depletion-and-development-natural-resource-supply-with-2wjw29j5iq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-constant-specific-resource-tax-relative-to-constant-3hcjq9dw.png Figure 6: Constant specific resource tax: relative to constant growth path https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymptotic-growth-rates-for-a-reduction-in-the-rate-320bbrha.png Table 1:Asymptotic growth rates for a reduction in the rate of growth of demand gN < gI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-extraction-costs-q-z-3a0jx816.png Figure 1: Examples of extraction costs, q(z) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decrease-in-demand-relative-to-constant-growth-path-2aov46n6.png Figure 4: Decrease in demand: relative to constant growth path https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-slower-growth-of-demand-relative-to-constant-growth-lxlabmyv.png Figure 5: Slower growth of demand: relative to constant growth path https://scispace.com/papers/dependency-schemes-in-qbf-calculi-semantics-and-soundness-1rwolc5bos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-rules-of-q-d-res-21-and-qu-d-res-3vz11p1p.png Fig. 2. The rules of Q(D)-Res [21] and QU(D)-Res https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-rules-of-ld-q-d-res-osjb482v.png Fig. 3. The rules of LD-Q(D)-Res https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-assignment-tree-t-for-a-pcnf-u1-x1-u2-x2-ph-with-3994hwo9.png Fig. 1. An assignment tree T for a PCNF ∀u1∃x1∀u2∃x2 .φ, with arbitrary matrix φ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-model-m-for-ps-for-which-m-u-x2-pn64z13x.png Fig. 4. A model M for Ψ for which M ≺ (u, x2). https://scispace.com/papers/deploying-semantic-web-services-based-applications-in-the-e-49nwop8myb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-use-of-semantics-within-the-semantic-web-37x3qa86.png Figure 11. The use of semantics within the Semantic Web Service Layer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-generic-architecture-used-to-create-irs-iii-3o57vtlv.png Figure 4. The generic architecture used to create IRS-III-based e-Government applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-structure-of-the-sws-descriptions-created-for-the-1234zz4q.png Figure 9. Structure of the SWS descriptions created for the Find Item ELMS by Impairment and Weight functionality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-main-steps-of-the-devised-prototyping-process-3klh0g3i.png Figure 13. Main steps of the devised prototyping process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-cross-domain-assess-equipment-to-patient-rr3c3p4s.png Figure 10. The cross-domain Assess Equipment to Patient functionality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-use-of-mapping-rules-for-oo-mediator-3owgevh9.png Figure 3. Use of mapping rules for OO-mediator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-use-of-mediation-services-for-wg-and-gg-mediators-18rnh4wg.png Figure 2. Use of mediation services for WG and GG mediators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-ontologies-of-the-change-of-circumstances-5h7brb4v.png Figure 6. The ontologies of the Change of Circumstances scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/depth-functions-as-measures-of-representativeness-1zh2zu3vd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depth-of-a-single-point-x-x-t-r10-left-panel-and-x-y2u13f4t.png Figure 1: Depth of a single point [x, . . . , x]T ∈ R10 (left panel) and x ∈ R2 (right panel), under a normal mixture with two equal modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-depth-of-point-pair-x1-x2-with-reference-to-random-tah4b30a.png Figure 5: Depth of point-pair (x1, x2) with reference to random sampleX1, . . . , X50 ∈ R. Circles in triangular patterns indicate positions of {(Xi, Xj) : Xi ≥ Xj, i, j = 1, . . . , 50}. Samples 1 and 2 are drawn from a normal mixture with 2 modes and a zero-mean normal distribution, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rates-of-misclassification-i-bayes-rate-dotted-1ivg9ft0.png Figure 4: Rates of misclassification: (i) Bayes rate (dotted vertical line); (ii) leaveone-out cross-validated estimates based on training data (“V”); (iii) F1 misclassified as F2 (“◦”) based on test sample of 50 observations from F1; (iv) F2 misclassified as F1 (“×”) based on test sample of 50 observations from F2; (v) average of (iii) and (iv) (“•”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-classification-of-x-x1-x2-t-r2-to-a-bivariate-1pe1nz93.png Figure 3: Classification of x = [x1, x2] T ∈ R2 to a bivariate normal mixture with two modes (light grey region) and a bivariate zero-mean normal distribution (dark grey region). Training samples, each of size 50, are indicated by “×” and “•” for the two distributions respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-classification-of-point-pair-x1-x2-to-a-normal-3onaqw5y.png Figure 6: Classification of point-pair (x1, x2) to a normal mixture with two modes (light grey region) and a zero-mean normal distribution (dark grey region). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-world-bank-data-simplicial-depth-plots-with-respect-19a9lett.png Figure 8: World Bank data — simplicial depth plots with respect to life expectancy and GNI indicators of 162 countries in 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rates-of-misclassification-i-bayes-rate-dotted-38z7s6ww.png Figure 7: Rates of misclassification: (i) Bayes rate (dotted vertical line); (ii) leavetwo-out cross-validated estimates based on training data (“V”); (iii) F1 misclassified as F2 (“◦”) based on test sample of 50 point-pairs from F1; (iv) F2 misclassified as F1 (“×”) based on test sample of 50 point-pairs from F2; (v) average of (iii) and (iv) (“•”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-world-bank-data-depth-function-plots-based-on-jyns2fdx.png Figure 9: World Bank data — depth function plots, based on within-triplet distances with (w1, w2, w3) = (0.09, 0.66, 0.25), with respect to life expectancy and GNI indicators of 162 countries in 2008. https://scispace.com/papers/depth-profile-of-uncompensated-spins-in-an-exchange-bias-4w16oi8rrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-depth-dependence-of-the-vector-magnetization-343ez4y4.png FIG. 4 (color). Depth dependence of the vector magnetization (inset, 3D view), magnitude (blue curve, jMj), and angular deviation (red curve) from the applied field in the sample plane deduced from neutron scattering. Error bars represent deviations of depth profiles with indistinguishable 2. The magnetization used in the OOMMF simulation (cyan ) and the values of (green ) obtained from the simulation. The sum of the Fe and Co spin density profiles for H k [001] FeF2 (obtained from Fig. 2 in arbitrary units using x-ray scattering) is shown in absolute units ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-polarized-neutron-reflectivity-symbols-measured-24pf9o7y.png FIG. 3 (color). Polarized neutron reflectivity (symbols) measured with field along 110 FeF2. The solid curves were calculated from a model whose magnetization depth profile is shown in Fig. 4. Inset: representation of the neutron experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-spin-density-depth-profiles-for-co-blue-and-fe-cidy8xd8.png FIG. 2 (color). Spin density depth profiles for Co (blue) and Fe (red) spins obtained from the specular x-ray reflectivities (inset) at H 796 kA=m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-hysteresis-loops-at-q-0-49-and-0-38-nm-1-for-co-1yiqeoco.png FIG. 1 (color). Hysteresis loops at Q 0:49 and 0:38 nm 1 for Co ( ) and Fe (red ), respectively. Inset: representations of the x-ray experiment and sample. https://scispace.com/papers/deriving-structure-performance-relations-of-chemically-4lzoe1pr20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-some-general-properties-of-the-kuzou2ky.png Table 1. Overview of some general properties of the investigated chitosan samples and the herein used abbreviation for the different samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scheme-for-the-production-of-chitosan-via-enzyme-3r0aio9p.png Figure 1. (a) Scheme for the production of chitosan via enzyme-catalyzed deacetylation of chitin. (b) FTIR spectra of three chitosan samples with different DD and molecular weight (Mw). Chi-75 (blue; ~75% DD; high Mw~350 kDa) Chi-85 (green; ~85% DD; low Mw~100 kDa), and Chi-99 (red; 99% DD; low Mw 100 kDa). https://scispace.com/papers/deriving-the-properties-of-coronal-pressure-fronts-in-3d-5e16l1880b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-the-same-format-as-figure-4-for-the-derivation-33u51rf2.png Figure 5. In the same format as Figure 4 for the derivation of shock parameters based on the MAST MHD model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-shock-plasma-parameters-extracted-using-the-pfss-3p7g13m6.png Figure 9. Shock plasma parameters extracted using the PFSS/DEM technique at the intersection between the triangulated shock and a magnetic field line passing through the band of high Mach number shown in Figure 4 (filled squares) and a magnetic field line intersecting the shock far from that band (open squares). These parameters are plotted as a function of time (in UT). Panels (a) and (b): the ambient coronal density (N, cm−3) and magnetic field (B, G) upstream of the shock. Superposed on these plots are derivations of ambient plasma properties from other studies as detailed in the text. Panels (c), (d), (e), and (f) show the shock speed (Vs, km s−1), Mach number (MFM), θBn, heliocentric distance (Re) at the intersection between the shock and different magnetic field lines of the helmet streamer. Panel (g): the flux of 2.64–10.4 MeV electrons as a function of time with superposed the times of the flare onset, and type II burst. The SPR times derived by Gopalswamy et al. (2013) (GEA SPR) and derived by the velocity dispersion analysis in Appendix A (VD SPR) are shown as vertical blue and red lines, respectively. The uncertainty in these estimates is shown as the corresponding horizontal segments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-panel-a-a-j-map-derived-from-heliospheric-imaging-xk5gbkeb.png Figure 14. Panel (a): a J-map derived from heliospheric imaging made by STA showing the state of the interplanetary medium between 2012 May 7 and 27. Each track on these J-maps corresponds to a density structure moving radially outward from the Sun and leaving a strong signature in the WL imagers. The Earth’s elongation is shown as a horizontal yellow dotted line. The time of passage of the MC detected at Earth at the start of 2012 May 17 (c.f. Figure 7) is shown as a vertical dotted line intersecting the elongation of the Earth. Since the GLE occurred at exactly that time, this vertical line also marks the onset of the GLE event. The apparent elongation variation of the MC is shown as the red track on this map superposed on a clear track seen in the J-map. This figure was produced using the IRAP propagation tool (propagationtool.cdpp.eu) configured in the “radial/Carrington/In situ” mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-observations-of-the-photosphere-and-corona-made-by-1w8kiupx.png Figure 15. Observations of the photosphere and corona made by the SDO on 2012 May 12. Panel (a): AIA observations of the corona in 305 Å at the time of the eruptive filament and estimated launch time of the magnetic cloud measured in situ on 2012 May 17. Panel (b): a magnetogram obtained by the HMI instrument showing the active regions (AR 11476) that produced the 2012 May 17 CME/GLE events and the active region (AR MC) that produced the magnetic cloud measured in situ on 2012 May 17. Panel (c): observations of the corona made in 193 Å several hours after the 2012 May 12 CME event showing the coronal holes that gradually formed following that eruption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-results-of-the-derivation-of-shock-parameters-2srqgim1.png Figure 4. The results of the derivation of shock parameters based on the combined inversion of imagery data and the PFSS model at four successive times during the eruption of the CME. Each column shows a different parameter: the shock normal speed (left), θBn (center) and Mach number (right). Coronal magnetic field lines are traced in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-j-map-in-the-same-format-as-figure-14-but-yzjkdu6a.png Figure 16. A J-map in the same format as Figure 14 but derived with STB observations. The blue and red tracks show the apparent trajectory of different CMEs provided by the catalogs produced by the HELCATS FP7 project. The red track marks the trajectory of the CME-1 that erupted on 2012 May 12 to the east of the active region that produced the SEP event analyzed in the paper. This analysis shows that only the flank of CME-1 would have impacted the Earth before the SEP event on 2012 May 14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-smoothed-hmi-magnetograms-projected-on-the-solar-nwu668bn.png Figure 8. Smoothed HMI magnetograms projected on the solar disk with the position of the shock triangulated in this study at 01:45 UT. Two magnetic field lines are derived from the PFSS (left) and the MAST MHD model (right). For each image, the black line passes through the band of high Mach number while the dashed line passes through a weaker part of the shock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-view-of-the-ecliptic-plane-from-solar-north-1ozychda.png Figure 1. A view of the ecliptic plane from solar north showing the positions of the Earth, STA, and STB. The nominal Parker spiral connecting magnetically the Earth to the low corona is shown in black. The intersection of the COR2A (red), COR2-B (dark blue), SOHO C2 (light blue) fields of views with the ecliptic plane are shown as pairs of elongated triangles. The trajectory of the CME launched on May 17 results from the analyses of heliospheric imagery as given in Appendix A. The longitudinal extent of the CME (piston+shock) was chosen to fit with the observation of the shock by STA (as measured in situ: see Appendix A) and is here exactly 100°. This figure and the analysis of the trajectory of the CME was made using the IRAP propagation tool and J-maps produced by the HELCATS project (see acknowledgements for details). https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-analysis-of-an-e-band-power-detector-in-0-13-mm-41h57byg9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-voltage-responsivity-of-the-detector-with-3ub51jsd.png Fig. 4: simulated voltage responsivity of the detector with matching network and without matching network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-die-micrograph-of-the-power-detector-38vlo2n2.png Fig. 5: die micrograph of the power detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-input-matching-of-the-detector-a-b-c-d-e-f-represents-18ypw3p1.png Fig. 3: Input matching of the detector. A, B, C, D, E, F represents corresponding point after each element in Fig.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-implemented-power-detector-with-impedance-matching-1cxg77gs.png Fig. 2: Implemented power detector with impedance matching elements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-meyer-rf-power-detector-2-1a6ce1vu.png Fig. 1: Schematic of the Meyer RF power detector [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-output-voltage-over-different-frequencies-12cy8deu.png Fig. 8: Measured output voltage over different frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-solid-and-measured-dashed-input-matching-of-a18xo88x.png Fig. 6: Simulated (solid) and measured (dashed) input matching of the designed power detector. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-analysis-of-a-hts-vernier-pm-machine-3jzyjmye42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetic-field-distribution-3pmjdjj0.png Fig. 4. Magnetic field distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-airgap-flux-density-waveforms-with-and-without-hts-r3lzu9ya.png Fig. 5. Airgap flux density waveforms with and without HTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-no-load-emfs-with-and-without-hts-a-waveforms-b-2zmgyenq.png Fig. 6. No-load EMFs with and without HTS. (a) Waveforms. (b) Spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-machine-configuration-ylzsk6nw.png Fig. 1. Proposed machine configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specifications-of-proposed-machine-38ehq0r2.png TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS OF PROPOSED MACHINE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-yttrium-barium-copper-oxide-critical-current-curve-2ohkoac8.png Fig. 3. Yttrium barium copper oxide critical current curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-machine-assembly-20f37s1e.png Fig. 2. Proposed machine assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-torque-waveforms-with-and-without-hts-a-cogging-torque-283kpq1h.png Fig. 7. Torque waveforms with and without HTS. (a) Cogging torque. (b) Steady-state torque. https://scispace.com/papers/describing-differences-between-databases-56uz8sgx9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contradicting-databases-resulting-from-different-2utb5d3k.png Figure 1: Contradicting databases resulting from different groups investigating the same set of objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-transit-bfs-algorithm-27lts0gi.png Figure 4: The TRANSIT-BFS algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-pair-of-contradicting-databases-with-three-1girzs2k.png Figure 2: A pair of contradicting databases with three different update sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-determine-the-modification-operation-that-results-1o74xj5b.png Figure 5: Determine the modification operation that results in a database with the smallest upper bound. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-of-the-branch-and-bound-36weqcr0.png Table 1: Experimental Results of the branch and bound algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparing-the-accuracy-of-greedy-transit-and-9s7448y4.png Figure 6: Comparing the accuracy of GREEDY-TRANSIT and TRANSIT-APPROX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-accuracy-of-greedy-transit-for-update-sequences-291jio69.png Figure 7: Accuracy of GREEDY-TRANSIT for update sequences with different pattern selectivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-exemplified-transition-graph-as-generated-by-the-3ogmrrll.png Figure 3: An exemplified transition graph as generated by the TRANSIT algorithm without performing any pruning of databases. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-development-of-a-kinetic-energy-harvester-device-392j0jdg08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architecture-of-the-proposed-eh-1juap5y6.png Fig. 4. Architecture of the proposed EH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sketch-of-the-kinetic-eh-placed-inside-an-undrogued-1opk7im3.png Fig. 5. Sketch of the kinetic EH placed inside an undrogued drifter, with battery pack, antenna and electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-picture-of-the-prototype-of-the-designed-kinetic-eh-30k6q0jn.png Fig. 6. Picture of the prototype of the designed kinetic EH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-oscilloscope-screenshot-of-system-operation-at-water-3t3hg8ve.png Fig. 11. Oscilloscope screenshot of system operation at water tank test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-a-mostly-submerged-drifter-subjected-to-wave-2px8rbys.png Fig. 1. Model of a mostly submerged drifter subjected to wave loading. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-spherical-drifter-parameters-on-orcaflex-simulation-21ak7lcw.png TABLE I. Spherical drifter parameters on OrcaFlex simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drifter-vertical-above-and-pitch-below-accelerations-2jvm9l9m.png Fig. 3. Drifter vertical (above) and pitch (below) accelerations at different wave heights and periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-particle-surface-movement-under-wave-interaction-16-25hss6m5.png Fig. 2. Particle surface movement under wave interaction [16]. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-development-of-novel-miniaturized-uhf-rfid-tags-42hry4n8tv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-polarization-definition-in-rfid-antenna-design-wlxtuo17.png Fig. 5. Polarization definition in RFID antenna design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dual-polarization-antenna-arrows-indicate-current-flow-1409ws25.png Fig. 6. Dual polarization antenna (arrows indicate current flow directions) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-input-impedance-of-the-simulated-rfid-antenna-2r7ygp1q.png Fig. 4. Input Impedance of the simulated RFID antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rfid-antenna-structure-showing-serial-stubs-qa9xld8r.png Fig. 3. RFID antenna structure showing serial stubs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-antenna-impedance-against-frequency-a-target-ic-3il3oi2l.png Fig. 2. Antenna impedance against frequency: (a) Target IC impedance 20-j113 . (b) Target IC impedance 73-j113 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-dual-radiating-bodies-rfid-antennas-with-radiation-2g5ac917.png Fig. 7 Two dual radiating bodies RFID antennas with radiation patterns. (a) Directivity=2.69dBi, efficiency= 86.8%; (b) Directivity=5.62dBi, efficiency=79.9%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configuration-of-inductively-coupled-rfid-tag-antenna-2sri0a5i.png Fig. 1. Configuration of inductively coupled RFID tag antenna and its lumped element model. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-ergonomics-of-monitoring-system-for-elderly-4500a082qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pc-gateway-user-interface-1howur6n.png Fig. 4. PC-Gateway user interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-subs-2eg7j1lc.png Fig. 3. The two subs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-input-image-of-the-camera-b-processed-image-c-1oh8vgot.png Fig. 2. A. Input image of the camera, B. Processed image, C. Processed image in case of fall detection and generated alarm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-results-on-fall-detection-algorithm-35c6c4pg.png Table 1. Test results on fall detection algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-evaluation-of-a-fin-based-underwater-propulsion-1dme3on1om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-shows-the-froude-efficiencies-of-the-conducted-2lqc21jr.png Figure 11 shows the Froude efficiencies of the conducted measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-evaluation-of-a-fast-and-robust-worm-detection-378jtrdz0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-worm-detection-algorithm-1rrisfbk.png Fig. 3. Worm detection algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-histogram-of-the-delay-between-worm-start-time-and-3burnsf2.png Fig. 16. Histogram of the delay between worm start time and CUSUM starting estimation time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-histogram-of-the-detection-time-q2g5ye6c.png Fig. 17. Histogram of the detection time https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-worm-detection-results-31vusm7q.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF WORM DETECTION RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-cusum-turns-positive-in-14-seconds-after-first-vhu6wve0.png Fig. 14. CUSUM turns positive in 14 seconds after first Blaster scan https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-model-fitting-for-nimda-outlier-less-than-0-15-18rmriug.png Fig. 12. Model fitting for Nimda: outlier less than 0.15% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-blaster-is-detected-in-341-seconds-1k5m34xk.png Fig. 13. Blaster is detected in 341 seconds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-model-fitting-for-blaster-outliers-less-than-1-3aita0z5.png Fig. 15. Model fitting for Blaster: outliers less than 1% https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-fabrication-of-double-chirped-mirrors-2pqgp2eznb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-picture-of-the-universal-structure-of-a-1bedmhf4.png Fig. 3. Schematic picture of the universal structure of a double-chirped mirror. AR, antiref lection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-designed-and-measured-a-ref-lectivity-and-b-group-3hmtuukl.png Fig. 4. Designed and measured (a) ref lectivity and (b) group delay of the fabricated double-chirped mirror as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-ref-lectivity-and-the-group-delay-of-3jcuk8si.png Fig. 2. Comparison of the ref lectivity and the group delay of chirped mirrors with 25 layer pairs with refractive indices nl ≠ 1.5, nh ≠ 2.5. The upper portion shows the enlarged top percent of the ref lectivity. The dotted curves show the result for a simply chirped mirror. The dashed and solid curves show the result for double-chirped mirrors, where in addition to the chirp in the Bragg wave number kB the thickness of the high-index layers is also chirped over the f irst 12 layer pairs from zero to its maximum value for a linear chirp (dashed curves) and for a quadratic chirp (solid curves). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-general-bragg-structure-can-be-decomposed-into-a-eik34o7r.png Fig. 1. A general Bragg structure can be decomposed into a series of symmetric index steps. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-evaluation-of-a-person-centric-heart-monitoring-47ftjts5t9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-information-exchange-across-different-layers-during-2gj8chrf.png Figure 1: Information exchange across different layers during the three phases of Learning, Training and Detection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-achieved-by-basic-feature-extraction-3towurb5.png Table 1: Results achieved by basic feature extraction https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-fabrication-strategy-for-an-efficient-lead-4q8t0hshsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fem-simulation-of-the-required-actuation-voltage-3gjtrgi6.png Figure 3. FEM simulation of the required actuation voltage and the power consumption of a pMUT; (a) the underwater simulation aiming a constant pressure of 6 kPa at 1 cm from the surface of the transducer; (b) in vacuum simulation aiming a constant displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-in-air-displacement-of-a-pmut-to-a-10-mvp-p-sinus-1ywifay3.png Figure 10. In-air displacement of a pMUT to a 10 mVp −p sinus signal by using only the center electrode, ring electrode, and both center/ ring electrode. The center electrode had a radius of 55%a and the width of the ring electrode was 45 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-measured-displacement-response-and-the-resonance-ctr97jfl.png Figure 9. Measured displacement response and the resonance frequency of several pMUTs as a function of the radius ratio of their top electrode to the pMUT membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equivalent-electrical-model-of-a-pmut-1ny0wbfp.png Figure 4. Equivalent electrical model of a pMUT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optical-microscopy-of-three-pmuts-with-20-50-and-80-vni02rv0.png Figure 8. Optical microscopy of three pMUTs with 20%, 50%, and 80% ratio of the top electrode to the pMUT membrane radius. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-the-performance-of-the-proposed-1d1la7uf.png Table 2. Comparison between the performance of the proposed pMUT in this paper, which was designed and fabricated by the discussed strategy, and the state-of-the-art. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-impulse-response-of-the-pmuts-with-layouts-i-and-9q6kqcmm.png Figure 13. Impulse response of the pMUTs with layouts (i) and (ii). The applied impulse had a width of 100 ns and an amplitude of 200 mV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-fem-simulation-of-the-optimum-radius-of-the-top-165ag164.png Figure 5. (a) FEM simulation of the optimum radius of the top electrode to have the maximum displacement as a function of the residual stress of the PZT layer. (b) The resonance frequency variation with respect to the residual stress while the optimum electrode radius and the radius of √ 2 2 a were used. The buckling amplitude of the membrane as a function of the PZT residual stress is also shown on the right y -axis. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-implementation-of-testbed-using-iot-and-p2p-3waxxad8uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-peer-reliability-for-different-ni-when-the-sct-5-34bgu8bf.png Figure 21 Peer reliability for different NI when the SCT = 5 (FPRS2), (a) NI = 0 (b) NI = 5 (c) NI = 10 (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-implementation-of-the-plug-architecture-for-4aqbp7satw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-architecture-design-space-1x1c504i.png Figure 3: Architecture Design Space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-overview-134g180e.png Figure 1: Conceptual overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-communication-patterns-and-ip-lookup-example-3kh9d7rf.png Figure 5: Communication patterns and IP lookup example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-on-58mm2-plug-3b9io03b.png Table 4: Performance on 58mm2 PLUG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plug-software-overview-the-bold-outline-indicates-3v0g1lwl.png Figure 2: PLUG software overview. The bold outline indicates pages/tiles accessed for an example lookup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plug-implementation-3r048l7g.png Table 2: PLUG Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plug-early-design-space-exploration-die-sizes-of-21-69gnqesm.png Figure 6: PLUG early design space exploration. Die sizes of 21, 64, 128, and 200 mm2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plug-isa-the-immediate-field-describes-network-2xj4ub7f.png Table 1: PLUG ISA. The immediate field describes network number or values to extract bit fields. Last column shows pipeline stages for each type. S is a network send stage. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-simulation-of-a-brushless-self-excited-air-core-56gk2svb9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-dimensional-parameters-of-a-prototype-39x604y6.png TABLE I MAIN DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS OF A PROTOTYPE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-discharge-current-versus-windings-coil-turns-number-of-1sk95wbj.png Fig. 7. Discharge current versus windings coil turns number of ERW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-four-phase-equivalent-circuit-of-bsacpa-24k7x9fn.png Fig. 5. Four-phase equivalent circuit of BSACPA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-discharge-currents-versus-each-parameter-for-different-1wgls545.png Fig. 6. Discharge currents versus each parameter for different analytical methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-analytical-performance-and-electrical-parameters-of-p5o1f7b1.png TABLE II ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE AND ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS OF BSACPA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-waveform-of-field-and-discharge-current-a-exciter-3afn6wqx.png Fig. 11. Waveform of field and discharge current. (a) Exciter field current. (b) Discharge current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulation-model-of-bsacpa-prototype-370m3uyr.png Fig. 10. Simulation model of BSACPA prototype. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-implementation-of-upnp-based-energy-gateway-for-2e21a49461 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-upnp-controlled-device-eyaycxw6.png Figure 4: UPnP Controlled Device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-proposed-system-2ggi6or1.png Figure 2: Overview of proposed system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-latency-analysis-and-resource-requirements-3uc2h07w.png Table 3: Latency analysis and resource requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-actions-provided-by-the-upnp-power-management-1fw7po6y.png Table 1: Actions provided by the UPnP power management service offered by home appliances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-actions-provided-by-the-upnp-service-offered-by-the-132gqr7x.png Table 2: Actions provided by the UPnP service offered by the HEG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-upnp-overhead-analysis-a-percentage-of-total-3mtzzfe2.png Figure 11: UPnP overhead analysis: (a) Percentage of total packets exchanged during different UPnP events, (b) Percentage of total Bytes exchanged during different UPnP events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-upnp-overhead-analysis-in-the-proposed-system-3kn5lcmf.png Figure 12: UPnP overhead analysis in the proposed system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demand-side-management-concept-24ermja3.png Figure 1: Demand side management concept. https://scispace.com/papers/design-implementation-and-analysis-of-maximum-transversal-2yiss3ee82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-eight-maximum-cardinality-bipartite-matching-2h2l26e2.png Table 1.1: Eight maximum cardinality bipartite matching algorithms are implemented in this work. The first seven are from the literature or slight enhancement of these. DFS and BFS denote the well known depth and breadth first search techniques, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-test-matrices-from-ufl-sparse-matrix-collection-ww0kyt5c.png Table 5.1: Test matrices from UFL Sparse Matrix Collection used in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-execution-times-and-the-number-of-augmentations-1apeb61w.png Table 5.2: Execution times and the number of augmentations performed by the algorithm BFSB when combined with SGM, KSM and MDM for the matrices generated by the rbg-u and rbg-b generators. For each parameter set, the first row shows the execution times of BSFB in seconds, whereas the second row shows the deficiency of each heuristic. Each entry is the average of 10 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-execution-times-of-algorithms-abmp-abmp-bfs-and-10kl0ag5.png Table 5.4: Execution times of algorithms ABMP, ABMP-BFS and BFSB in seconds combined with KSM and MDM. Each entry in the table is the average of 10 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-8-execution-times-of-algorithms-in-seconds-combined-3uyv5kno.png Table 5.8: Execution times of algorithms in seconds combined with KSM and MDM for the matrix kkt power. Each entry in the table is the average of 10 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-7-the-number-of-matrices-among-100-for-which-ksm-and-1vdiyr35.png Table 5.7: The number of matrices (among 100) for which KSM and MDM heuristics find the maximum matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-9-execution-times-of-algorithms-in-seconds-combined-3d5sv9gr.png Table 5.9: Execution times of algorithms in seconds combined with the KSM heuristic for real life matrices. Each entry in the table is the average of 10 runs. The second column shows the permutation. Only the matrices for which the algorithms are highly perturbed by random permutations are given in the table. The relative average performance of the algorithms for the matrices below and for all 100 matrices are given below. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-comparison-of-dfs-and-bfs-based-algorithms-dfsb-pmgbkuw5.png Table 5.3: Comparison of DFS and BFS based algorithms, DFSB, BFSB and MC21A using SGM and KSM as the jump-start routine. The execution times of the algorithms are given in seconds. Each entry is an average for 10 random matrices. The dash symbol, ‘-’, is used when DFSB or MC21A take too much time due to the high number of unmatched vertices left by the SGM heuristic. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-current-converter-to-maximize-the-power-into-3evcm8kia3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-two-stages-cascaded-power-converter-to-generate-2tfham9f.png Fig. 5. A two-stages cascaded power converter to generate square waveform current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-theoretical-waveforms-and-commutators-switches-1zh1pvas.png Fig. 6. Theoretical waveforms and commutator’s switches characteristics. Vbridge (gray), IK (red), VK (blue). Figure (a) stands for the upper left commutator switch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-theoretical-scheme-taking-into-account-the-parasitic-2tei6cst.png Fig. 7. Theoretical scheme taking into account the parasitic effects within the high voltage transformer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-results-at-5-khz-smoothed-curves-tt1g3es0.png Fig. 11. Experimental results at 5 kHz (smoothed curves). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-results-at-10-khz-smoothed-curves-9c4lrcu3.png Fig. 12. Experimental results at 10 kHz (smoothed curves). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-theoretical-waveforms-taking-into-account-only-the-3by19kv4.png Fig. 8. Theoretical waveforms taking into account only the capacitive effects within the high voltage transformer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-theoretical-power-plot-versus-x-with-r-0-1-showing-the-jg06sfsq.png Fig. 9. Theoretical power plot versus x with r = 0.1 showing the influence of Cp (r ′ = Cp/Cdiel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-voltage-current-characteristics-of-electrical-2wa5cmhh.png Fig. 1. Voltage-current characteristics of electrical discharge in gas at low pressure, with two planar electrodes. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-dual-mode-dual-band-filter-using-stepped-2588oy0e4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-response-of-filter-with-stubs-and-without-stubs-59c13pq7.png Figure 5. The response of filter with stubs and without stubs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-photograph-of-the-fabricated-filter-b-measured-o4d7ak4j.png Figure 6. (a) Photograph of the fabricated filter. (b) Measured and simulate frequency responses of the filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-structure-of-lg-2-sirs-b-odd-mode-equivalent-3r7t075p.png Figure 1. (a) Structure of λg/2 SIRs. (b) Odd-mode equivalent circuit. (c) Even-mode equivalent circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-a-filter-with-one-transmission-zero-b-a-filter-3vtkqo1k.png Figure 2. (a) A filter with one transmission zero. (b) A filter with four transmission zeros. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-frequency-responses-of-the-filter-under-3gx5pgbp.png Figure 3. Simulated frequency responses of the filter under different (a) gap d and (b) distance s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-response-of-filter-with-one-transmission-zero-1a0pgfi4.png Figure 4. The response of filter with one transmission zero. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-novel-flat-plate-photobioreactor-system-for-hafxuuv0a2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-spectral-match-between-led-emission-and-c-3k23oh4p.png Figure 2: (a) Spectral match between LED emission and C.reinhardtii wild-type CC-124 strain absorption; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flat-plate-reactor-design-in-solid-works-showing-1zwngkkf.png Figure 1: Flat-plate reactor design in Solid Works showing the three-piece Perspex component assembly. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-performance-oriented-workplace-e-learning-system-5g5iec7bnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-kpi-example-howsi9mv.png Table 1. A KPI example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-concepts-with-their-relationships-2qee5njt.png Figure 1. Main concepts with their relationships https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-the-concepts-3vr8k38f.png Table 2. Relationships between the concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-personalized-syllabus-for-the-lead-test-3t87e4gn.png Figure 5. A personalized syllabus for the “Lead Test Specialist” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-screenshots-of-the-protege-and-the-plug-ins-30lbfqtg.png Figure 8. Screenshots of the Protégé and the plug-ins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-kpi-oriented-learning-ontology-for-a-34jxetgy.png Figure 2. An example of KPI-oriented learning ontology for a Testing Unit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reasoning-result-for-the-lead-test-specialist-2aqsufgn.png Figure 4. Reasoning result for the “Lead Test Specialist” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-screenshots-of-the-developed-system-fj9oh7er.png Figure 7. Screenshots of the developed system https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-real-time-acquisition-system-for-the-clic-29nb9asz1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rms-noise-of-the-analogue-front-end-1fmh7kjo.png Fig. 7. Rms Noise of the Analogue Front-End https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pulse-to-pulse-repeatability-definition-3upjld6l.png Fig. 3. Pulse-to-Pulse Repeatability Definition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-topology-of-the-high-voltage-modulator-under-design-at-wgqfxb69.png Fig. 2. Topology of the High-Voltage Modulator under design at ETH Zurich https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-magnitude-bode-diagram-2vdc2q5i.png Fig. 8. Magnitude Bode Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measurement-system-schematic-uxouvfiy.png Fig. 6. Measurement System Schematic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-delay-introduced-by-the-analogue-front-end-188v53xa.png Fig. 9. Delay Introduced by the Analogue Front-End https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-diagram-of-a-control-system-11ubswrz.png Fig. 1. Basic Diagram of a Control System https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-requirements-1bb8rh9j.png Table 1. Main Requirements https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-reconfigurable-front-end-for-a-multistandard-5abxxxvb45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-architecture-of-the-proposed-front-end-colour-13nxhz8a.png FIGURE 3 The architecture of the proposed front‐end [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-input-referred-noise-of-the-opamp-circuit-used-3d0yh9gz.png FIGURE 11 The input referred noise of the opamp circuit used in the transimpedance amplifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-layout-of-the-proposed-multistandard-front-end-2z9841vt.png FIGURE 12 The layout of the proposed multistandard front‐end [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-simulation-results-for-gain-and-phase-of-the-17vdcwqn.png FIGURE 10 The simulation results for gain and phase of the opamp circuit used in transimpedance amplifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-software-defined-radio-colour-figure-can-be-2i2yz4mq.png FIGURE 1 An software‐defined radio [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-reconfigurable-radio-receiver-colour-figure-can-1pg21sdz.png FIGURE 2 A reconfigurable radio receiver [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-summary-of-the-global-positioning-system-2vl2js13.png TABLE 1 The summary of the Global Positioning System receiver specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-circuit-schematic-of-the-proposed-low-noise-2wdtnlao.png FIGURE 5 The circuit schematic of the proposed low‐noise transconductance amplifier21 https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-adjoint-based-laws-for-wing-flutter-control-57qte7d3et 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-2-the-aero-structural-iteration-procedure-1vffrwe3.png Figure II.2. The aero-structural iteration procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-1-typical-section-wing-model-geometry-11rlmtzc.png Figure II.2. The aero-structural iteration procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-compact-symmetric-four-port-crossover-junction-2zx63g3zoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-the-second-coupler-958p8iiy.png Fig. 4. Performance of the second coupler. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-magnitudes-of-the-parameters-b-photograph-of-the-87f40ole.png Fig. 3. (a) Magnitudes of the -parameters. (b) Photograph of the measured crossover. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-and-as-functions-of-a-b-3dbzydt1.png Fig. 2. and as functions of . (a) . (b) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crossover-coupler-under-analysis-a-circuit-layout-b-1t4uzkjg.png Fig. 1. Crossover coupler under analysis. (a) Circuit layout. (b) Reduced transmission line circuit in formulation. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-multiple-mmse-subequalizers-for-faster-than-2h77rjmjpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overall-impulse-response-of-loop-3-and-subequalizer-c-1161zsqf.png Fig. 5. Overall impulse response of loop 3 and subequalizer c (t). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computational-load-for-generating-a-single-pcm-1sv0t6ri.png TABLE I COMPUTATIONAL LOAD FOR GENERATING A SINGLE PCM SYMBOL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-subequalizer-scheme-bbjxllca.png Fig. 8. BER performance of the proposed subequalizer scheme for 128-PCM signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-scheme-1x1fdp8e.png Fig. 6. BER performance of the proposed scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-of-v-92-scheme-for-32-pcm-signal-1wukhn5x.png Fig. 7. BER performance of V.92 scheme for 32-PCM signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-equalizer-scheme-for-faster-than-nyquist-signaling-q8inu8k3.png Fig. 1. Equalizer scheme for faster-than-Nyquist signaling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equivalent-system-model-for-the-mth-subequalizer-with-21c2vfag.png Fig. 2. Equivalent system model for the mth subequalizer with T = NT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pre-equalization-scheme-for-the-uplink-2rp6uv1g.png Fig. 3. Pre-equalization scheme for the uplink. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-multi-standard-single-tri-quint-wideband-3nlkw5dqwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-an-asymmetric-sir-2bfdix4h.png Fig. 1. Structure of an asymmetric SIR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-of-s11-and-s21-versus-different-values-of-24vkhqm6.png Fig. 11. Variation of S11 and S21 versus different values of L4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-fsj-and-fzk-locations-of-the-traditional-structure-b-3jtcm7pa.png Fig. 9. (a) fsj and fzk locations of the traditional structure (b) The single-wideband type SSMCL-ASIR filter https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-transformation-relationship-of-in-band-2y49ejso.png Table 1 The transformation relationship of in-band performance of the SS-ASIR coupled pair and ASIR unit, when α ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-ss-asir-coupled-pair-with-meander-coupled-section-a-gxi65ivn.png Fig. 2. A SS-ASIR coupled pair with meander coupled section. (a) The schematic diagram. (b) Equivalent circuit and coupling routing scheme for the proposed filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-effect-of-l4-on-quint-wideband-type-ssmcl-asir-a-375lujoh.png Fig. 12. The effect of L4 on quint-wideband type SSMCL-ASIR (a) f0, Qex1, fs2/f0 and Qex2/Qex1 versus against L4, (b) fsi/f0 and Qexi/Qex1 (i = 3, 4, 5) versus against L4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-simulated-and-measured-results-and-photograph-of-a-3n74wtbh.png Fig. 13. Simulated and measured results, and photograph of a modified quint-wideband type SSMCL-ASIR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-response-comparison-with-and-without-scl-mcs-d6qbhm57.png Fig. 3. Frequency response comparison with and without SCL/MCS. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-photovoltaic-power-system-for-a-precursor-mission-4ycc940ndw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-case-1-lander-with-5-6-meter-diameter-ultraflex-solar-esg73ovl.png Fig. 2. Case 1 lander with 5.6 meter diameter Ultraflex solar arrays. The arrays have the ability to tilt up for 45 degrees both for sun tracking and for dust mitigation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isru-plant-in-stowed-solar-array-configuration-for-37cct7ag.png Fig. 1. ISRU plant in stowed solar array configuration for Case 1. The solar arrays are stowed and spaced around the lander. The launch vehicle is a Delta IV Heavy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-conops-for-case-1-it-would-take-approximately-3-earth-2eisdnng.png Fig. 3. ConOps for Case 1. It would take approximately 3 Earth years to successfully demonstrate the ISRU system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-case-comparisons-32qc1egw.png TABLE I RESULTS OF CASE COMPARISONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-solar-array-sizes-between-case-1-and-1yysbs6p.png Fig. 4. Comparison of solar array sizes between Case 1 and Case 2. The size of the lander is the same in both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-conops-for-case-2-additional-batteries-have-been-added-1bldo9ml.png Fig. 5. ConOps for Case 2. Additional batteries have been added to the lander to allow for continuous production and for storage during the dust storm. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-safety-critical-java-level-1-applications-using-1o84h83lxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scj-mission-life-cycle-taken-from-23-3qlayaki.png Figure 1: SCJ mission life cycle (taken from [23]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-dataflow-graph-with-periodic-and-3qjzdr36.png Figure 2: Example of dataflow graph with periodic and aperiodic handlers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-achieved-processor-utilization-3ol2i6kp.png Figure 5: Comparison of achieved processor utilization factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-3-4-5-affine-relation-there-is-a-positioning-3ixm3ow2.png Figure 3: A (3,−4, 5)−affine relation. There is a positioning pattern which consists of 5 activations of pi and 3 activations of pk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-buffering-requirements-32k5fbon.png Figure 6: Comparison of buffering requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-precedences-in-the-overflow-analysis-3gbygudd.png Figure 4: Precedences in the overflow analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-variable-input-delay-gates-for-low-dynamic-power-35rf3o8ebp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-logic-degradation-of-the-single-nmos-transistor-1ue7qsrp.png Fig. 3. The logic degradation of the single nMOS transistor addition (a) When logic 1 is passed through and (b) When logic 0 is passed through the gate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-proposed-single-added-nmosfet-vid-nand-gate-a-7av27acc.png Fig. 2. The proposed single added nMOSFET VID NAND gate. (a) Transistor Level showing the nMOS transistor added and (b) charging path for transitions along the different paths through the gate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-rc-components-along-the-charging-path-soh7cb1c.png Fig. 1. The RC components along the charging path. https://scispace.com/papers/design-principles-of-integrated-information-platform-for-p1rho7lyrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-visualization-for-situation-awareness-2scr3wrg.png Figure 6 Visualization for Situation Awareness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-is-design-principles-for-large-scale-sport-events-1m5tzf6k.png Table 1 IS Design Principles for Large-Scale Sport Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interactions-of-layers-and-components-14ladygp.png Figure 3 Interactions of Layers and Components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-beijing-olympics-operation-structure-2yqm0heg.png Figure 1 Beijing Olympics Operation Structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fire-spreading-process-in-ditan-sports-stadium-3nc1toey.png Figure 4 Fire-Spreading Process in Ditan Sports Stadium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-service-centered-architecture-for-emergency-293z1zh4.png Figure 2 A Service-Centered Architecture for Emergency Response https://scispace.com/papers/design-study-of-a-50-ka-react-and-wind-bi-2212-cable-for-5epwj145vp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-parameters-of-selected-cables-2txybubj.png Table V PARAMETERS OF SELECTED CABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selected-cable-configurations-the-left-two-figures-and-2qho25um.png Fig. 4 Selected cable configurations (the left two figures) and schemes of the conductors with both jacket (not in real scale) and additional copper protection (see section IV). Additional cooling channel might be needed for some conductors like the Roebel bar, since the void in cable region is too small. The right figure is a round Bi-2212 CICC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-scaling-parameters-for-jc-3cvc09th.png Table II SCALING PARAMETERS FOR JC https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-thermal-contraction-of-bi-2212-wire-and-possible-ne779m5y.png Table VI THERMAL CONTRACTION OF BI-2212 WIRE AND POSSIBLE JACKET MATERIALS FROM ROOM TEMPERATURE TO 4 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-margin-evaluating-stability-filled-symbols-and-2jysaxvw.png Fig. 5 Energy margin evaluating stability (filled symbols and solids lines) and hot spot temperature evaluating quench (open symbols and dash lines) as function of copper cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-wire-configuration-and-test-condition-for-data-in-35wgpmlr.png TABLE III WIRE CONFIGURATION AND TEST CONDITION FOR DATA IN FIG. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-left-figure-shows-jc-strain-relation-for-bi-2212-3fih7jqf.png Fig. 2 The left figure shows Jc-strain relation for Bi-2212 wires from published data. Typical relation for Nb3Sn is also given as comparison. All data are measured at low temperature (4.2 K or 6 K). The right figure is a sketch of the variation of Jc and strain during an R&W coil fabrication. Dash lines connect C’, D’ and E. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-configurations-for-bi-2212-react-and-wind-flat-3dfvt5sw.png Table IV CONFIGURATIONS FOR BI-2212 REACT-AND-WIND FLAT CABLE https://scispace.com/papers/design-synthesis-and-biological-evaluation-of-novel-58i4qmtbvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-silico-predicted-physicochemical-and-1e7qoo3h.png Table 1: In-silico predicted physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the designed compounds https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anti-mtb-and-toxicity-evaluation-of-the-synthesized-843vs43q.png Table 2: Anti-Mtb and toxicity evaluation of the synthesized compounds https://scispace.com/papers/design-synthesis-and-biological-evaluation-of-new-potent-and-11l3g2or1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-pyrazole-compound-1-3hv0px5k.png Figure 1. Structure of pyrazole compound 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-noe-interactions-in-compound-10-and-its-proposed-2z28701f.png Figure 2. NOE interactions in compound 10 and its proposed isomers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dose-activity-curves-3ig6garp.png Figure 3. Dose-activity curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percantages-of-enzymatic-activities-and-inhibitions-287zkanm.png Table 1. Percantages of enzymatic activities and inhibitions exerted by compound 125 on 45 kinases26 https://scispace.com/papers/designing-and-building-sdn-testbeds-for-energy-aware-traffic-46a5y38qw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-the-getb-sr-platform-3f3gyi1q.png Fig. 3 Overview of the GETB-SR platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-getb-sr-platform-ks1rws6v.png Fig. 4 The GETB-SR platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-overview-of-the-evaluated-scenario-1rjxcgze.png Fig. 8 Overview of the evaluated scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-total-blocking-probability-of-both-traffic-types-in-2a76wijn.png Fig. 11 Total blocking probability of both traffic types in the NSF network with VgDC ∈ {4, 11}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-total-blocking-probability-of-both-traffic-types-in-293fytiy.png Fig. 12 Total blocking probability of both traffic types in the NSF network with VgDC ∈ {9, 11}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-brown-kilowatts-needed-to-handle-1-gb-s-of-dc-1bizbp9a.png Fig. 10 Brown kilowatts needed to handle 1 Gb/s of DC requests in the NSF network with VgDC ∈ {9, 11}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-brown-kilowatts-needed-to-handle-1-gb-s-of-dc-requests-182zje08.png Fig. 9 Brown kilowatts needed to handle 1 Gb/s of DC requests in the NSF network with VgDC ∈ {4, 11}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overview-of-the-getb-ar-platform-rkkooy50.png Fig. 5 Overview of the GETB-AR platform. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-anti-stalking-legislation-on-the-basis-of-victims-3gj4mec5o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-ghq-28-total-scores-in-relationship-to-features-24qxy8ag.png Table 2 Mean GHQ-28 Total Scores in Relationship to Features of Stalking https://scispace.com/papers/designing-asynchronous-online-discussion-environments-recent-1fmjolparb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-productive-online-discussion-model-1efjcsg1.png Table 1. Productive Online Discussion Model https://scispace.com/papers/designing-for-adaptation-the-school-as-socio-spatial-1vhaip38bc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-type-e-dedicated-commons-1tuianwx.png Figure 6. Type E: dedicated commons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-typology-of-learning-spaces-1y63mbsx.png Table 2. A typology of learning spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-type-b-traditional-classrooms-streetspace-1jh86e0y.png Figure 3. Type B: traditional classrooms + streetspace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-type-a-traditional-classroom-clusters-g14jfk4m.png Figure 2. Type A: traditional classroom clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-type-d-convertible-streetspace-1u3e823s.png Figure 5. Type D: convertible streetspace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-type-c-convertible-classrooms-2el93t5f.png Figure 4. Type C: convertible classrooms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-connection-diagrams-7lqllnu1.png Figure 1. Types, connection & diagrams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-typology-of-student-centred-pedagogies-3m0tj8x5.png Table 1. A typology of student-centred pedagogies. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-web-warehouses-from-xml-schemas-29epjqs995 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-part-of-the-xquery-query-for-distinguishing-34muyfvv.png Fig. 4. A part of the XQuery query for distinguishing convergence from shared hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dg-for-the-purchase-order-example-1p199va8.png Fig. 3. The DG for the purchase order example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-book-sale-example-3j4ws140.png Fig. 5. The book sale example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-part-of-a-query-for-examining-many-to-many-3getv1s0.png Fig. 6. A part of a query for examining many-to-many relationships https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schema-graph-2wl0ijlq.png Fig. 1. The Schema Graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-star-schema-for-the-purchase-order-example-76oqcumt.png Fig. 7. The star schema for the purchase order example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-choosing-a-fact-3m4km59o.png Fig. 2. Choosing a fact https://scispace.com/papers/designing-homogeneous-bromine-redox-catalysis-for-selective-1xznv4xmad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-c-h-amination-under-homogeneous-bromine-catalysis-20ccymfw.png Table 1. C-H Amination under Homogeneous Bromine Catalysis: Optimization. [a]Estimated from integration in the 1H NMR spectrum of the crude reaction mixture. [b]Isolated yield of 2a after purification. Ar = 3-ClC6H4, PIDA = PhI(OAc)2, PIFA = PhI(O2CCF3)2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-catalytic-hofmann-loffler-reactions-based-on-20yvmd7y.png Figure 1. Catalytic Hofmann-Löffler reactions based on molecular iodine as catalyst source. Ar = 3-Cl-C6H4. https://scispace.com/papers/designs-from-the-deep-marine-organisms-for-bone-tissue-il7t6dy3hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-commercially-available-bone-graft-products-from-uaz8niwz.png Table 1. Commercially available bone graft products from marine sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-mineralizing-marine-organisms-those-that-12io0vf9.png Table 3. Examples of mineralizing marine organisms. Those that have already been investigated for bone tissue engineering are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-a-cuttlefish-sepia-25p957so.png Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of (a) cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), (b) sponge (Spongia agaricina), (c) red algae (Corallina officinalis) and (d) coccolithophores (Emiliania huxleyi)demonstrating a range of macro and microporous structures. E.huxleyi micrograph courtesy of Katherine Fee. https://scispace.com/papers/desktop-magnetic-shielding-system-for-the-calibration-of-1xkh4ob6hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specifications-of-the-system-3o0m2rqe.png TABLE 1 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-developed-desktop-magnetic-shielding-system-it-2f35ewp4.png Fig. 1. Our developed desktop magnetic shielding system. It consisted of a double-layered hexagonal tube and an outer cylinder. A solenoid-like coil of 178 turns was wound around the outer surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-distributions-of-the-residual-magnetic-flux-35julvpr.png Fig. 4. Measured distributions of the residual magnetic flux density along the center axis. The center axis of the system was set to be parallel to the geomagnetic field of the horizontal component. A current passed through the solenoid-like coil was set to be zero at the center of the magnetic field in the x component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-distributions-of-the-shielding-factor-along-31xc37nw.png Fig. 5. Measured distributions of the shielding factor along the center axis. The condition of the uniform magnetic field was same as Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-configuration-of-the-experimental-setup-for-the-1c3ji23q.png Fig. 3. Configuration of the experimental setup for the measurement of the shielding factor. The definition of the axes is also shown in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-magnetic-field-distribution-in-the-x-1nskl8yd.png Fig. 6. Measured magnetic field distribution in the x direction on the center axis of the system, as a parameter of the frequency. In order to generate the x component of the field 100 nTp-p, a current to be fed to the solenoid-like coil was controlled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-design-showing-the-building-block-in-the-2nrzaozj.png Fig. 2. A schematic design showing the building block in the hexagonal tubes. One building block is composed of three U-shaped sheets. The stacked number of building blocks was four for the inner, and twelve for the outer. https://scispace.com/papers/destined-for-democracy-labour-markets-and-political-change-4flp82tr3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-suffrage-in-the-13-colonies-main-specification-j71c2fj8.png Table 1: Suffrage in the 13 colonies: Main specification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-suffrage-labour-markets-and-inequality-within-the-3vlr0bk9.png Figure 2: Suffrage, labour markets and inequality within the South https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-suffrage-in-the-13-colonies-robustness-checks-1-1l5hxn94.png Table 3: Suffrage in the 13 colonies: Robustness checks 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a11-price-series-for-tobacco-rice-and-wheat-english-3ad5ax4d.png Figure A11: Price series for tobacco, rice and wheat (English pence per pound) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-suffrage-and-labour-markets-by-region-3nsul7hf.png Figure 1: Evolution of suffrage and labour markets, by region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a11-inequality-and-labour-markets-by-colony-south-1dye8a8v.png Figure A11: Price series for tobacco, rice and wheat (English pence per pound) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a12-inequality-and-labour-markets-south-zov562f6.png Figure A12: Inequality and labour markets - South https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suffrage-in-the-13-colonies-alternative-measures-of-3atkakga.png Table 2: Suffrage in the 13 colonies: alternative measures of labour markets https://scispace.com/papers/detailed-comparison-of-america-s-army-game-and-unit-of-3qbppb2kxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-summary-of-comparisons-between-america-s-army-ofqcbzld.png Table 2 The summary of comparisons between America's Army team measures and the UA experiment SSA calculation inputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-america-s-army-game-screen-shot-3o8vyfgh.png Figure 1 America's Army Game screen shot https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-explanatory-variables-in-the-two-3tbfw2h5.png Table 3 Comparison of explanatory variables in the two analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unit-of-action-experiments-pxqwc9h0.png Figure 3 Unit of Action experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-five-similar-analysis-results-of-america-s-army-and-w7lkxnif.png Table 6 Five similar analysis results of America's Army and the Unit of Action experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-social-network-and-a-graph-showing-dynamic-change-3drbjki4.png Figure 5 A social network and a graph showing dynamic change of the UA experiment at Ft. Leavenworth in 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-two-regression-analyses-from-the-ua-experiment-done-1iu0ssoe.png Table 5 Two regression analyses from the UA experiment done at Ft. Leavenworth in 2003 and America's Army second data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-brief-summary-of-basic-features-of-the-america-s-36y3c9m6.png Table 1 The brief summary of basic features of the America's Army game and the Unit of Action experiments https://scispace.com/papers/detailed-characterizations-of-a-comparative-reactivity-3p76up0jk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-parameterization-of-the-artifact-jooabk1q.png Figure 6. Experimental parameterization of the artifact caused by not operating the instrument under pseudo-first-order conditions. Comparison of OH reactivity values calculated from the addition of gas standards to measured values. Top panel: addition of three different gas standards (isoprene: red squares; ethane: blue diamonds; and propene: green triangles) at a pyrrole-to-OH ratio of 1.4. Middle panel: addition of the three gas standards at a pyrrole-to-OH ratio of 2.3. Bottom panel: addition of isoprene at three different pyrrole-to-OH ratios (1.4: red squares; 1.8: blue squares; and 2.3: green squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-series-of-ambient-oh-reactivity-measurements-2s21a6og.png Figure 11. Time series of ambient OH reactivity measurements for the Dunkirk field campaign, including (1) uncorrected measurements (black symbols), (2) measurements corrected for dilution (blue symbols), (3) previous+measurements corrected for differences in relative humidity between C2 and C3 (green symbols), (4) previous+measurements corrected for the NO and NO2 artifacts (orange symbols), and (5) previous+measurements corrected for not operating the instrument under pseudo-first-order conditions (red symbols). These data are preliminary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-parameterization-of-the-no-artifact-1xmyhb40.png Figure 3. Experimental parameterization of the NO artifact. Top panel left axis: changes in C3 (1C3=C3 expected−C3 measured) as a function of NO in the CRM reactor. Three experiments conducted at pyrrole-to-OH ratios of 1.6 (blue diamonds), 2.2 (green triangles), and 3.9 (red squares) are shown. The right axis corresponds to absolute changes in total OH reactivity for the experiment conducted at a pyrrole-to-OH ratio of 2.2. Solid lines are quadratic regressions, whose equations are shown. Error bars are uncertainties in 1C3 (approximately 9 %) calculated by a quadratic propagation of errors. Middle and bottom panels: trends of the first- (bottom) and second-order (middle) monomials with the pyrrole-to-OH ratio for the quadratic regressions displayed in the top panel. The experiment performed using dry zero air (pyrrole-to-OH ratio of 3.9) is not included in the linear regressions (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-total-oh-reactivity-measurement-uncertainties-2m2cla9a.png Figure 10. Total OH reactivity measurement uncertainties calculated for the Dunkirk field campaign. Top panel: precision and relative uncertainty as a function of total OH reactivity. Different levels of uncertainty are considered: (1) the precision observed when measuring the pyrrole signal (purple dots); (2) previous+ systematic errors (see text), except for the humidity and NO corrections (blue dots); (3) previous+ the humidity correction (green open dots); and (4) previous+ the NO correction (red open dots). Bottom panel: total uncertainty calculated in (4) as a function of total OH reactivity. These data have been color-coded as a function of NOx levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-comparative-reactivity-method-1usr3mrj.png Figure 1. Schematic of the comparative reactivity method instrument developed at Mines Douai. Flow rates of different gases injected inside the CRM reactor (pyrrole, N2, air) or extracted from the reactor (PTR-MS sampling, reactor exhaust) are shown. The insert displays the measurement sequence for pyrrole (C1, C2, C3) during OH reactivity measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-model-simulations-to-laboratory-wcbhvgni.png Figure 9. Comparison of model simulations to laboratory observations for the artifact caused by not operating the instrument under pseudo-first-order conditions. Top panel: trends of the simulated and measured correction factors with the pyrrole-to-OH ratio. The measured correction factors (blues circles) are the same as in Fig. 7. The simulated correction factors stem from simulations conducted using MCM and constrained with ethane under dry conditions (green open diamonds) and wet conditions (green filled diamonds), or constrained with isoprene under dry conditions (red open squares). The colored area corresponds to the range of pyrroleto-OH ratios observed during field measurements (1.6–2.2). Bottom panel: trend of the relative difference between correction factors simulated under dry conditions for ethane and isoprene as a function of the pyrrole-to-OH ratio. Relative difference calculated as 100× (Fisoprene-Fethane)/Fethane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-parameterization-of-the-no2-artifact-1l6lypd9.png Figure 4. Experimental parameterization of the NO2 artifact. Top panel: changes in C3 (1C3=C3 expected−C3 measured) as a function of NO2 in the CRM reactor. Three experiments conducted at pyrrole-to-OH ratios of 1.6 (blue diamonds), 2.0 (green triangles), and 3.2 (red squares) are shown. Error bars are uncertainties in 1C3 (approximately 9 %) calculated by a quadratic propagation of errors. The black line and the equation correspond to a quadratic regression for the three experiments. Bottom panel: quantification of the NO2 fraction converted into NO (see text). The red line is the mean value of approximately 24 % derived for the NO2 conversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulations-of-the-artifact-due-to-not-operating-jyg6uy9v.png Figure 8. Simulations of the artifact due to not operating the instrument under pseudo-first-order conditions. Comparison of OH reactivity values calculated from the addition of gas standards to simulated values (simulation of the C1–C2–C3 modulations; see text). Top panel: addition of four different gas standards (isoprene: red squares; ethane: blue diamonds; propene: green triangles; and a surrogate standard for the simple mechanism: purple circles) at a pyrrole-to-OH ratio of 1.4. Simulations were conducted using the MCM and the simple mechanism as indicated in the legend. Bottom panel: addition of a unique standard at three different pyrrole-to-OH ratios (1.4: red symbols; 1.9: blue symbols; and 2.9: green symbols) for simulations conducted with the simple mechanism (squares) and the two-reaction mechanism (triangles). The gas standard added in the model for these two mechanisms has a reaction rate constant toward OH of 5.0× 10−12 cm3 molecules−1 s−1. https://scispace.com/papers/detailed-particle-in-cell-simulations-on-the-transport-of-a-4yhloto0za 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-snapshots-of-the-transverse-32bev05w.png FIG. 1. Color online Snapshots of the transverse electromagnetic fields Bx and Ey and beam filaments in transverse geometry at a time T=20 2 / p for four different simulation cases: a , b , c , and d . The horizontal and vertical axes represent the simulation domain as described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-the-growth-rates-calculated-from-the-2vp6izq8.png FIG. 11. Color online The growth rates calculated from the dispersion relations Eq. 6 for the four cases: a , b dash-dot line, ̃ei=0.1, dash line, ̃ei=1, solid line, ̃ei=100 , c solid line, th=0.05, dash-dot line, th=0.15 , and d dash-dot line, ̃ei =0.001, dash line, ̃ei=0.1, solid line, ̃ei=1 . In all subplots, the vertical axis represents the normalized growth rate, , and the horizontal axis represents the normalized wave vector, ky. The last subplot d corresponds to Eq. 7 . The other parameters for the beam and plasma are nb=0.11, vbz=0.92, and np=0.9, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-growth-rate-variation-with-normalized-kx-1g729l03.png FIG. 12. Color online Growth rate variation with normalized kx and ky for the simulation case a showing the existence of the oblique mode 9 . The parameters are the same as in other figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-temporal-evolution-of-the-field-energies-b94v6jda.png FIG. 3. Color online Temporal evolution of the field energies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temporal-evolution-of-electromagnetic-1dkda83z.png FIG. 2. Color online Temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields Bx and Ey and beam filaments at different times in transverse geometry for the simulation case a . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-growth-rate-map-with-kx-and-ky-for-the-2m43xx9n.png FIG. 14. Color online Growth rate map with kx and ky for the simulation case c . Though the purely Weibel instability is suppressed, the oblique mode is not suppressed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-growth-rate-map-with-kx-and-ky-for-the-97drdtb8.png FIG. 13. Color online Growth rate map with kx and ky for the simulation case b . The other parameters are the same as in other figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-growth-rate-map-with-kx-and-ky-for-the-1lxff1hs.png FIG. 15. Color online Growth rate map with kx and ky for the simulation case d . The other parameters are the same as in other figures. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-dance-motion-structure-through-music-analysis-3hucwwo7if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-overview-3ocb8op2.png Figure 1: Algorithm Overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-segmentation-result-jongara-bushi-1zgiekma.png Figure 11: Segmentation result - Jongara-bushi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-segmentation-result-aizu-bandaisan-dance-male-1immaemn.png Figure 10: Segmentation result - Aizu-bandaisan dance(male) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-segmentation-result-aizu-bandaisan-dance-female-25lc813o.png Figure 9: Segmentation result - Aizu-bandaisan dance(female) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-onset-component-extraction-calculating-how-much-3153vso7.png Figure 2: Onset Component Extraction: Calculating how much power increases from ”PrevPow” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-body-center-coordinate-system-3j2va9x5.png Figure 4: Body Center Coordinate System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beat-tracking-18960jq6.png Figure 3: Beat Tracking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-segmentation-candidates-extraction-hands-and-cm-347ummih.png Figure 5: Segmentation Candidates Extraction - Hands and CM https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-finiteness-in-the-right-endpoint-of-light-tailed-3mookm3sva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-type-i-error-probability-of-t-1-left-and-13f41485.png Figure 2: Estimated type I error probability of T ∗1 (left) and T ∗2 (right) plotted against k = 5, 6, . . . , 300. The solid straight line stands for the significance level α = 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-malicious-collusion-between-mobile-software-51sxk33ytf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-android-operating-system-layers-1ikexif6.png Fig. 1: Android operating system layers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-testing-the-proposed-filter-for-readability-we-leave-o3qeipn4.png Fig. 7: Testing the proposed filter. For readability – we leave the upper half empty since the table is symmetric. Pairs on the diagonal are also not interesting to our discussion. Dark red shows true positives, light red shows false positives, dark green shows true negatives, and light green shows false negatives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-work-flow-for-the-android-formal-semantics-in-the-k-79zev9vu.png Fig. 8: Work-flow for the Android formal semantics in the K framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-k-rule-for-the-semantics-of-iget-instruction-1qkuuldk.png Fig. 11: K rule for the semantics of iget instruction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-semantic-module-structure-ayu5lzk8.png Fig. 12: Semantic module structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-for-the-naive-bayesian-method-272hndlg.png Table 2: Confusion matrix for the naive Bayesian method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sub-cells-of-a-configuration-broadcasts-and-object-247dc0rz.png Fig. 10: Sub-cells of a configuration: broadcasts and object. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-validation-lt-score-obtained-by-each-pair-in-the-21z9qivt.png Fig. 6: Validation: Lτ score obtained by each pair in the validation data set. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-semantic-difference-a-new-model-based-on-knowledge-c30d51dkev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-on-validation-and-test-sets-23x0lbc7.png Table 2. Results on Validation and TEST sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distribution-of-data-into-train-validation-and-ymruc3oq.png Table 1. The distribution of data into train, validation and test. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-weather-radar-clutter-by-information-fusion-with-4i11ulqs9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-precipitating-clouds-product-from-the-nowcasting-2qsbohtf.png Fig. 3. ’Precipitating Clouds’ product from the “Nowcasting Satellite Application Facility” of EUMETSAT. Darker colors indicate high probability of precipitation. Compare to Figure 2 showing one of the input features of the ’Precipitating Clouds’ product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-meteosat-8-seviri-channel-4-infrared-3-9-um-bright-20v5otth.png Fig. 2. Meteosat-8 SEVIRI channel 4, infrared (3.9 µm). Bright shades of gray are colder (precipitating clouds), darker shades of gray are warmer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-learning-curves-for-the-scale-space-ensemble-method-rh4xcg2q.png Fig. 5. Learning curves for the scale-space ensemble method. Linear discriminant, quadratic discriminant, decision tree, mahalanobis distance, knearest neighbor, and majority vote. The classification was performed 3 times each with different training data and the error bars indicate the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-composite-radar-image-from-2005-09-25-at-20-20-utc-1avzlgy3.png Fig. 1. Composite radar image from 2005-09-25 at 20:20 UTC. Radar reflectivity factor. A: Clutter caused by anomalous propagation. B: Precipitation. C: Close range ground clutter. Radar locations indicated by red points. Maximum range of each radar is 240 km. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-classification-result-red-is-clutter-green-is-1un01vsi.png Fig. 4. Classification result. Red is clutter, green is precipitation. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-the-ebl-attenuation-of-blazars-with-glast-5tgm3xs3fr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-adapted-from-107-errors-are-1s-upper-limits-are-2s-3u6cn6xi.png Table 2.2: Adapted from [107]. Errors are 1σ. Upper limits are 2σ. Values in parentheses are measurements and their uncertainty. UVS is the Ultraviolet Spectrometer on board the Voyager mission, STIS is the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and LCO stands for Las Campanas Observatory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-simulated-blazar-lightcurve-from-267-the-time-160y1nzw.png Figure 5.9: Simulated blazar lightcurve, from [267]. The time interval of the simulation is one year, although the x-axis is expressed in arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-from-43-redshift-distribution-of-egret-sources-1919xhvw.png Figure 5.3: From [43]. Redshift distribution of EGRET sources and expected redshift distribution according to the model by Chiang & Mukherjee. Crosses and histograms are EGRET data. The dotted curve is the model redshift distribution using a single power law tted to the high luminosity end of Fig.5.2 with cuto at the minimum measured luminosity in the sample. The solid line is obtained by tting to a broken power law (adopted method). The dot-dashed curve is the redshift distribution from Stecker & Salamon luminosity function discussed above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-schematic-ebl-spectrum-as-a-function-of-2bmuoe5i.png Figure 2.1: Schematic EBL spectrum as a function of wavelength. The EBL spectrum consists of two spectral humps: The blue hump at UV-Optical-NIR wavelengths is the radiated output from stars. The red hump at MIR (mid-infrared) and FIR (farinfrared) wavelengths results from the absorption and re-emission of starlight by the interstellar medium. The CMB spectrum (dashed black line) is presented here just for comparison purposes (since it is not considered part of the EBL). The location and size of the humps is just approximate; as will be described later, the precise shape and intensity of the EBL is not completely constrained from observations. The EBL spectrum is presented as a νIν plot, which is useful for showing the actual emitted power in each wavelength interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-21-the-kalman-ltering-process-from-127-1l6ir23j.png Figure 3.21: The Kalman ltering process. From [127]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-22-the-kalman-smoothing-process-from-127-2q4b5ot9.png Figure 3.22: The Kalman smoothing process. From [127] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-26-68-containment-psf-versus-true-photon-energy-for-3b2h19ge.png Figure 3.26: 68% containment PSF versus true photon energy for class A (black, middle curve), class all (red solid, top curve), and class A thin (red dashed, bottom curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-14-backsplash-distribution-for-tile-0-as-obtained-8ryb8vbx.png Figure 4.14: Backsplash distribution for tile 0 as obtained from beam test data (black points) and Monte Carlo expectations. In every case, backsplash is expressed as the fraction of events for which the signal in the tile is above a given threshold. The error bars in the data are statistical (1σ). Monte Carlo simulations consider two extreme scenarios for light collection uniformity at the tile edge. In the MIN e ciency scenario, the collection e ciency decreases linearly from 100% (3 cm away from the edge) to 70% at the tile edge. In the MAX case, the collection e ciency is 100% throughout the tile edge. The width of each Monte Carlo band is statistical (2σ). https://scispace.com/papers/detection-and-segmentation-of-moving-objects-in-complex-2aiai43cbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-motion-maps-for-the-water-skier-sequence-a-c-17iyouqg.png Figure 2: Motion maps for the water skier sequence. (a)-(c) Initial grayscale frames 107 to 109. (d) Displaced frame difference at timet. (e) Displaced frame difference at timet + 1. (f) ResultMt of the pixel-wise motion detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-detection-masks-on-the-person-walking-in-front-of-ocjb87wb.png Figure 10: Detection masks on the person walking in front of water sequence for different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-result-of-grid-construction-second-row-and-2iunro2s.png Figure 5: Result of grid construction (second row) and associated motion fields (third row) on frame 16 of the driver sequence. (a) Original image. (b) Moving pixels. (c) Final grid without flow vectors validation (associated motion field is shown on image (f)). (d) Final grid obtained by a correlation validation with correlation threshold at 0.5. (associatedmotion field is shown on image (g)). (e) Final grid obtained by using the p-value (associated motion field is shown on image (h)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-detection-masks-on-the-waving-trees-sequence-for-jkvdljhw.png Figure 11: Detection masks on the waving trees sequence for different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-on-the-water-skier-sequence-for-frames-74-29v61czt.png Figure 6: Results on the water skier sequence for frames 74, 124, 144, 214, 232, 236 and 242 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-on-the-driver-sequence-for-frames-48-49-50-65ju55du.png Figure 8: Results on the driver sequence for frames 48, 49, 50 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-result-of-the-harris-corner-detector-on-frame-16-of-3ojqhaxi.png Figure 4: Result of the Harris corner detector on frame 16 of the driver sequence and frame 108 of the water skier sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exemple-of-a-driver-sequence-b51g51fo.png Figure 1: Exemple of a driver sequence https://scispace.com/papers/detection-and-summarization-of-salient-events-in-coastal-otts37a9ib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-frames-after-each-flex-step-and-cumulative-392wmvae.png Table 2: Number of frames after each flex-step and cumulative condensation ratios (CR) for 22- minute, 5fps video with boats, cars and people (6,500 frames after behavior subtraction). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-execution-time-for-each-stage-of-processing-3bp11lk0.png Table 3: Average execution time for each stage of processing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-detected-boat-and-truck-top-row-and-a-3d3aa5q7.png Figure 1: Example of a detected boat and truck (top row) and a summary frame (bottom row) that shows both objects together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-samples-from-each-of-the-dictionaries-a-boats-b-28ls3oci.png Figure 3: Two samples from each of the dictionaries: (a) boats, (b) motor vehicles, and (c) people used in feature-covariance detection. Images have been obtained from a search on Google Images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-frames-after-each-flex-step-and-cumulative-27elqvuh.png Table 1: Number of frames after each flex-step and cumulative condensation ratios (CR) for 38- minute, 5fps video with boats and people (11,379 frames after behavior subtraction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-the-entire-system-1vjv7qd7.png Figure 2: Block diagram of the entire system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-samples-of-typical-input-video-frames-top-row-and-39h3n29b.png Figure 4: Samples of typical input video frames (top row) and outputs from the processing blocks in Figure 2: background subtraction (row 2), behavior subtraction (row 3), object detection (row 4) and video condensation (row 5). https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-a-novel-mutation-in-the-cacna1a-gene-320hf21igk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-identified-mutations-and-polymorphisms-in-39mea1y4.png TABLE 2 Summary of Identified Mutations and Polymorphisms in our Patient Cohort https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-known-nonpathogenic-polymorphisms-in-szygxqs3.png TABLE 3 Summary of Known Nonpathogenic Polymorphisms in CACNA1A https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-antibodies-neutralizing-historical-and-emerging-3qytmvp2jg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-z0px05sk.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-anaerobic-bacteria-in-high-numbers-in-sputum-40cyi6cnuj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-total-viable-counts-per-gram-of-11ozl31b.png Figure 1. Comparison of total viable counts per gram of sputum of P. aeruginosa and anaerobic isolates cultured from the sputum of adult patients with cystic fibrosis. After treatment with Sputolysin (Calbiochem) for 15 minutes, sputum samples were processed using strict anaerobic bacteriologic techniques, and bacteria within the samples were detected by plating on selective agars, quantified by total viable count and identified by colony polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Anaerobes were cultured from 27 of 39 (69%) samples from which P. aeruginosa was cultured, and in 21 of 27 (78%) samples, the anaerobe(s) were present in equal or greater numbers than those of P. aeruginosa. When multiple sputum samples were processed from the same patient, they are identified alphabetically in the order in which they were processed. If a sputum sample contained more than one P. aeruginosa or anaerobic isolate, only the isolate with the highest total viable count is presented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacteria-isolated-by-culture-from-the-sputum-of-2i6o1p24.png TABLE 1. BACTERIA ISOLATED BY CULTURE FROM THE SPUTUM OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antimicrobial-susceptibility-of-anaerobic-bacteria-3enmlob2.png TABLE 2. ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE SPUTUM OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-spin-entanglement-via-spin-charge-separation-in-3aynqt6su0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-exchange-contributions-to-the-tunnel-1he19q8h.png FIG. 2 (color online). Exchange contributions to the tunnel current in wire 1 and the zero-frequency current crosscorrelations between wire 1 and wire 2 (right inset) for different interaction parameters g and injection distances. ðx1 þ x2Þ=2 ¼ −15a is fixed. The exchange contribution to the tunnel current is nonzero if x1 ≈ x2 because spin-charge separation induces an asymmetry between the two directions of tunneling. The arrow tips indicate the expected positions of the maxima, cf. Eq. (9). Gray lines represent equidistant intermediate g values. The exchange part of the current noise is finite only if the spins meet at the junction. Left inset: analytic approximation, Eq. (11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-tunnel-junction-with-amplitude-t-at-x-1-4-2mppqf3z.png FIG. 1 (color online). Tunnel junction with amplitude T at x ¼ 0 between two interacting one-dimensional wires. Via an entangler biased with a voltage V, two spin-entangled electrons are injected simultaneously at x1 in wire 1 and at x2 in wire 2 with an amplitude I, and subsequently decay into collective spin and charge excitations. The current expectation values I1;2 measured at x; ~x at the far opposite side of the junction and their cross correlations are influenced by the entanglement of the original electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-exchange-process-a-x1-x2-when-the-charge-8ni74hzg.png FIG. 3 (color online). Exchange process. (a) x1 ≪ x2. When the charge excitation of electron 1 (dashed line) reaches the tunnel junction at x ¼ 0, the charge imbalance can trigger a tunnel event. This creates a new charge excitation and a new spin excitation in wire 2 and leaves behind a spin hole in wire 1 (all marked by stars). Spin and charge excitations are drawn with different height for better visibility. (b) For suitable injection points x1=vρ ¼ x2=vσ the new spin excitations compensate the one already present in each wire, leading to a strong exchange process. The competing process cannot have spin compensation at the same time and is weak. This asymmetry caused by spincharge separation gives rise to a finite exchange current. https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-bank-deposits-in-morocco-17g572tkce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deposits-determinants-for-the-period-2003-2014-1mcv3h5y.png Table 1 : Deposits determinants for the period 2003-2014 https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-bus-riding-time-deviations-relationship-1fj5gbja6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stockholm-inner-city-trunk-lines-routes-map-data-c-2weowwn2.png Fig. 2. Stockholm inner-city trunk lines routes. (Map data ©2018 Google.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-riding-time-deviations-21kqmmbe.png Fig. 3. Riding time deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-riding-time-deviations-model-d1l9f3lx.png Table 3. Riding time deviations model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bus-trajectory-y3pjgfpi.png Fig. 1. Bus trajectory. https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-change-in-arterial-stiffness-over-5-years-in-5dm7rodfvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-correlations-with-dpwv-baseline-to-year-jrv4vr0u.png Table 2. Significant correlations with ΔPWV, baseline to year 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-subgroup-analysis-demographic-and-clinical-2y9x97vk.png Table 4. Subgroup analysis: Demographic and clinical characteristics in 4 groups defined by PWV measurement at baseline and change over 5 years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-participants-with-dpwv-2cy7iptn.png Table 1. Clinical characteristics of participants with ΔPWV at year 5 (n = 970) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-independent-determinants-of-increase-in-pwv-over-5-33iwz93s.png Table 3. Independent determinants of increase in PWV over 5 years. https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-physical-activity-among-patients-with-type-2-52603p245e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-matrix-between-study-variables-417-1yi8wqjf.png Table 3. Correlations matrix between study variables 417 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-linear-regression-models-on-the-3j03a3xv.png Table 4. Multivariate linear regression models on the association of perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation, self-care competence and other important life-context factors with physical activity. (Corrected with rescaled sampling weight) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-background-factors-of-respondents-lwuf6wm3.png Table 1. Sociodemographic background factors of respondents (corrected by rescaled sam-411 pling weight) 412 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mediation-analyses-between-perceived-autonomy-g6eihv64.png Table 5. Mediation analyses between perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation, self-care competence and physical activity, linear regression model. (Corrected by rescaled sampling weight) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-used-in-the-study-415-324v0aqn.png Table 2. Measures used in the study 415 https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-trade-misinvoicing-tr6d6q1gbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fgls-estimates-determinants-of-import-overinvoicing-34mt0bf5.png Table 3: FGLS Estimates: Determinants of Import Overinvoicing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kernel-density-plots-of-invoicing-measure-reau8gsy.png Figure 1: Kernel Density Plots of Invoicing Measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-export-underinvoicing-and-key-21p9w625.png Figure 3: Relationship between Export Underinvoicing and Key Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-import-overinvoicing-and-key-1wpe0vxa.png Figure 4: Relationship between Import Overinvoicing and Key Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-export-misinvoicing-as-a-percentage-of-exports-1980-v5rcourj.png Figure 2: Export Misinvoicing as a percentage of Exports (1980-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fgls-estimates-determinants-of-export-underinvoicing-307849gi.png Table 2: FGLS Estimates: Determinants of Export Underinvoicing (Sub Sample Analysis) https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-uk-box-office-success-the-impact-of-quality-43lqjo6vpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-of-advertising-expenditure-and-critical-3cxe0t08.png Table 1 Studies of advertising expenditure and critical reviews in box office revenues https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-continuous-variables-379m907b.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics for continuous variables (conditional on positive values) (monetary values in £m 1996 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-two-stage-least-squares-estimates-with-particular-uk-3egubry0.png Table 5 Two Stage Least Squares Estimates: With Particular UK Critics N = 377 Dependent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-two-stage-least-squares-estimates-with-average-us-189bowpi.png Table 4 Two Stage Least Squares Estimates: With Average US critic N = 523 Dependent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-two-stage-least-squares-estimates-main-model-n-546-3291rtv3.png Table 3 Two Stage Least Squares Estimates: Main Model N = 546 Dependent Variables https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-2-3-4-methylpentanoic-and-4w15bqakvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-method-figures-of-merit-25gtcoum.png Table 4 Method figures of merit https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-volume-of-elution-solution-needed-to-completely-292jakz7.png Table 1 Volume of elution solution needed to completely elute the analytes (mL) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-retention-indices-lri-for-the-analytes-and-is-2f6dd0zd.png Table 2 Linear retention indices (LRI) for the analytes and IS studied and their corresponding PFB esters in DBWAX and DB-5 columns https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wines-and-other-alcoholic-beverages-analysed-type-3fu1we6a.png Table 5 Wines and other alcoholic beverages analysed: type, year, ethanol content and concentration (ng/L) of 2-, 3-, 4-methylpentanoic and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spe-gc-ms-nci-chromatogram-cp-wax-column-of-a-pedro-3ef1fuco.png Fig. 4. SPE//GC-MS-NCI chromatogram (CP-WAX column) of a Pedro Ximenez wine: 163 ng/L 2-682 methylpentanoic acid (m/z 115), 110 ng/L 3-methylpentanoic acid (m/z 115), 759 ng/L 4-683 methylpentanoic acid (m/z 115) and 116 ng/L cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (m/z 127) and IS (m/z 684 115). The peaks signalled by the arrows correspond to the derivatized PFB-esters.685 686 687 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-limits-of-detection-ng-l-in-1jfjxrhu.png Table 3. Comparison of the limits of detection (ng/L) in different ionization modes: the numbers between brackets are the m/z values of the fragments used. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-effective-pair-interactions-from-the-2ttfrajj61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pdf-for-liquid-se-the-solid-curve-represents-the-tbmd-2o0mmp6y.png FIG. 2. PDF for liquid Se. The solid curve represents the TBMD results, the dotted line corresponds to models A–D(see Sec. III and Fig. 3 for details of the models), which are indistinguishable at the scale of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-factor-of-liquid-selenium-evaluated-from-13188rmf.png FIG. 1. Structure factor of liquid selenium evaluated from Fourier transformation of the results ofgsrd obtained in the TBMD simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-particle-distribution-functiongs3dsr-s-ud-1jw1s2f5.png FIG. 4. Three-particle distribution functiongs3dsr ,s,ud calculated for r =s=2.48 Å, nearest-neighbor distance in liquid Se. FIG. 5. Vibrational density of states for liquid Se. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effective-pair-potentials-evaluated-using-inversion-1oeaj4dp.png FIG. 3. Effective pair potentials evaluated using inversion techniques. Case A{inversion of gsrd following the method of[13]}: continuous line. Case Bskmax=40 Åd: dashed line. Case C skmax=15 Åd: filled circles. Case Dskmax=10 Åd: white circles. In the right frame, only Cases A and B are represented(since Cases C and D are indistinguishable from Case B at the scale of the figure). https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-light-water-reactor-fuel-burnup-with-the-12q526jyu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-generic-8x8-bwr-bundle-21xvn3r1.png Table 2. Generic 8×8 BWR Bundle https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-uncorrected-and-corrected-sims-49ti-48ti-ratios-in-jjmjb3a3.png Table B.1 Uncorrected and Corrected SIMS 49Ti/48Ti Ratios in 6 Samples of Zircaloy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-sims-mass-scan-from-h-to-pu-mass-range-showing-2mwxjh3y.png Figure B.1 SIMS Mass Scan from H to >Pu Mass Range, Showing Matrix Elements (Zr), and Major Interferences Arising from Zr and the SIMS Primary Oxygen Ion Beam https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sims-measurements-of-49ti-48ti-ratios-in-four-i8j2aw74.png Table 1. SIMS measurements of 49Ti/48Ti ratios in four reference samples (first four entries) and four irradiated zircaloy samples supplied by a fuel vendor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-stable-sims-analysis-of-a-clean-uncontaminated-fbswa2e4.png Figure A.3 Stable SIMS analysis of a clean, uncontaminated sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-sims-mass-scan-from-h-through-transition-metals-2iwzxpks.png Figure B.2 SIMS Mass Scan from H through Transition Metals. Chromium, Fe, and Ni are major constituents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-3-sims-mass-scan-from-sc-to-ti-showing-ti-masses-3d5t6onr.png Figure B.3 SIMS Mass Scan from Sc to Ti, Showing Ti Masses and Zr+2 Interferences https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-fuel-burnup-at-the-sample-locations-1g8rega0.png Table 3. Estimated fuel burnup at the sample locations assuming 0.74g/cc coolant https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-pesticide-multi-residues-in-green-tea-using-3xqblr5dpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-three-quechers-methods-the-original-2sc2it7z.png Fig. 2. Comparison of three QuEChERS methods ( : the original method; : the AOAC method; : the modifi ed method) for the extraction of pesticide residues in green tea https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-co-extracted-materials-and-ph-values-in-mecn-or-0-1-2fm0sb8w.png Table 2. Co-extracted materials and pH values in MeCN or 0.1% acetic acid in MeCN extracts prior to d-SPE step https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-recoveries-of-pesticides-obtained-from-two-3nopebjz.png Fig. 3. The recoveries of pesticides obtained from two procedures with using and not using GCB (7.5 mg) in d-SPE step ( : d-SPE without using GCB and : d-SPE with using GCB) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pesticide-residues-found-in-dried-green-tea-samples-1h1dbc6c.png Table 4. Pesticide residues found in dried green tea samples and their concentration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-pesticides-with-hplc-retention-times-and-ms-2qwck9y6.png Table 1. List of pesticides with HPLC retention times and MS/MS conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-green-tea-matrix-effect-of-pesticides-by-using-modifi-24v1on5w.png Fig. 4. Green tea matrix effect of pesticides by using modifi ed QuEChERS method https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-repeatability-and-recovery-at-3-concentration-1cxdm8po.png Table 3. The repeatability and recovery at 3 concentration levels (n=6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-exact-ions-chromatogram-of-a-matrix-standard-of-25-26vyoepc.png Fig. 1. Exact ions chromatogram of a matrix standard of 25 pesticides and internal standard TPP at the concentration of 100 μg kg–1 (Annotations are the names and the transitions of the quantifi cation ions, aldicarb showed two transitions) https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-optimal-view-angles-for-quantitative-facial-3yn707hvzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-illustrating-the-dependence-of-l-values-on-3fy6oaik.png Fig. 6 Example illustrating the dependence of L* values on view angle. In this measurement, patches 2 to 21 comprised the ROI, and the optimal view angle was determined to be 40 deg (CV=1.2%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-view-angle-on-l-in-the-white-patch-roi-3sexwtds.png Fig. 7 Effect of view angle on L* in the white patch ROI corresponding to the PWS-simulating red patches on the mannequin head model. The white patches numbers corresponding to the red patches were 2 to 9, 11 to 12, 14 to 16, 19 to 20, 23 to 24, and 27. The optimal view angle was 35 deg with a CV of 0.4% (m, 95.87 and s, 60.4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-polarized-diffuse-reflectance-color-left-and-a-2042zu1w.png Fig. 8 Cross-polarized diffuse reflectance color (left) and a* (right) images taken at view angles of 20 deg (top) and 40 deg (bottom). Angular artifact in quantitative assessment of a* was emphasized in the ROI enclosed in the solid black line, in which a* value distributions were different. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cross-polarized-diffuse-reflectance-color-images-left-3ovmv2hi.png Fig. 9 Cross-polarized diffuse reflectance color images (left) and a* images (right) of a PWS patient taken at the optimal view angle of 45 deg. The images were acquired at three successive visits over an 8-week period. The images from top to bottom indicate the first, second, and third visits, respectively. The image acquisition based on the optimal view angle provides comparable qualitative skin color images and enables us to use an absolute a* image for quantitative assessment of response to laser treatment of PWS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mannequin-head-model-used-to-study-the-uniformity-of-2f82a32d.png Fig. 3 Mannequin head model used to study the uniformity of the light distribution. Fifty white patches were positioned on the entire right side-face of the mannequin head model. This image was acquired at a view angle of 45 deg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-for-facial-image-acquisition-view-1nxz2haw.png Fig. 2 Schematic diagram for facial image acquisition. View angles, defined as the angle between the optical axis of the imaging system and medial facial plane, were selected by adjusting the rotation of the head-positioning device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-to-simulate-a-pws-birthmark-red-patches-were-nclpdf3s.png Fig. 4 To simulate a PWS birthmark, red-patches were positioned on (a) the mannequin head model and (b) a human subject. Sixteen red patches were placed at similar locations on both the mannequin head model and the human subject. Cross-polarized diffuse reflectance images were acquired at the optimal view angle of 35 deg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-light-distribution-on-the-99-diffuse-reflectance-2imun92o.png Fig. 5 Light distribution on the 99% diffuse reflectance standard at view angles of (a) 0 and (b) 35 deg. Image contrast was adjusted to enhance visualization of the light distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-solar-cell-parameters-from-its-current-1djyotp2s7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-distribution-of-dopants-in-typical-38dcogfk.png Fig. 3. Calculated distribution of dopants in typical commercial SC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-critical-sc-regions-2orzjf1v.png Fig. 2. Sketch of critical SC regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependencies-of-photocurrent-and-short-circuit-current-1an2o54z.png Fig. 1. Dependencies of photocurrent and short-circuit current of SC on the illumination intensity. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-sub-resolution-structure-of-jet-by-solar-1gyrms1tem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-of-the-dark-thread-showing-the-cross-cut-3vkylysr.png Figure 4. Image of the dark thread showing the cross-cut positions. The observed transverse motion propagates from cross-cut 1 to 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-representation-of-the-sub-resolution-2748ebo0.png Figure 9. Schematic representation of the sub-resolution features of the dark thread determined from magnetoseismology. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sample-cross-cut-x-t-plot-cross-cut-no-3-the-1zd2bofd.png Figure 5. (a) Sample cross-cut x–t plot (cross-cut no. 3). The transversal kink motion of the dark thread is clearly seen. (b and c) An example of the fitting procedure for the third cross-cut. (b) The middle panel shows the data points (crosses) over plotted with a smoothed profile (solid line). The dotted line shows the linear fit to the wave. (c) The right-hand panel shows the wave with the linear fit subtracted. The symbols indicate the first zero crossing (square), the maximum (triangle), the second zero crossing (cross), the minimum (circle), and the third zero crossing (diamond). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-estimated-expansion-of-the-flux-tube-solid-line-22iz9xeb.png Figure 8. (a) Estimated expansion of the flux tube (solid line) along the dark thread derived by means of magnetoseismology. The dashed lines correspond to the 95% confidence interval. (b) The estimated change of magnetic field strength (solid line) along the dark thread from magnetoseismology. The dashed lines correspond to the 95% confidence interval. (c) The estimated change in density (solid line) along the dark thread obtained by solar magnetoseismology. The short dashed line corresponds to the 95% confidence interval, whereas the long dashed line corresponds to a 70% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-shown-are-the-times-at-which-the-zero-crossings-2znj6pzz.png Figure 6. (a) Shown are the times at which the zero crossings and maximum and minimum amplitudes appear at the different heights (cross-cuts). The data points (crosses) have been fitted with a quadratic profile (solid line) and the 95% confidence interval is shown for the fit. (b) Maximum and minimum values of the amplitude envelope plotted as a function of height. The crosses correspond to the measured values, the solid line is a quadratic fit to the data points, and the dashed lines correspond to a sigma confidence interval for fit to the maximum amplitude envelope and 0.5σ confidence interval for fit to the minimum amplitude envelope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-phase-speeds-for-first-zero-solid-maximum-3uelcw6h.png Figure 7. (a) Phase speeds for first zero (solid), maximum amplitude (dotted), second zero (diamonds), minimum amplitude (dashed), and third zero (dashed dot). (b) Measured phase speed minus the measured flow for the maximum amplitude (solid line) and second zero crossing (crosses). The dashed lines correspond to the sigma value error on the phase speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-first-and-second-rows-images-showing-the-morphology-mvxlpu0v.png Figure 1. First and second rows: images showing the morphology of a large jet (observed on 2011 January 20) over its lifetime taken by SDO/AIA. The panels in the top row are from the 304 Å channel taken at 09:16, 09:18, 09:25, and 09:33. The images on the bottom row are from the 171 Å channel taken at the same times. The bright loop is seen in both channels at 09:16, suggestive of reconnection. A dark feature is seen at 09:18 at the same position as the bright loop appeared. This dark feature grows into the dark thread seen in 171 Å at 09:25. Third and fourth rows: context images of the jet from STEREO. The first three panels in each row are from STEREO A and the last is from STEREO B. The top row are images from the EUVI 304 Å channel and are taken at 09:06, 09:26, 09:36, and 09:36. The bottom row are images from the EUVI 171 Å channel and are taken at 09:03, 09:28, 09:33, and 09:33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-values-of-flow-as-a-function-of-time-along-vy7cgyrh.png Figure 3. Measured values of flow as a function of time along the dark thread in the 171 Å. The crosses are the measured values while the solid lines correspond to the quadratic fits to the measured values smoothed with five-point boxcar average. The dashed lines are the 95% confidence levels from the fits. The dash-dotted line is a quadratic fit to all the data points. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-the-nature-of-fluctuations-using-8-li-and-9-2lsvdau16j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-slr-spectra-for-8li-left-and-9li-right-implanted-in-pt-3pee9nfh.png FIG. 2. SLR spectra for 8Li+ (left) and 9Li+ (right) implanted in Pt foil with an energy of 18 keV at 300 K under 6.55 T. The solid lines are fits to Eq. (10). Note the different time scales, which reflect the lifetime of each radionuclide. The absolute SLR rate for 9Li+ is 1.60(10) and 0.2368(26) for 8Li+. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-field-dependence-of-1-t1-for-8li-and-9li-in-srtio3-at-akwerd5l.png FIG. 5. Field dependence of 1/T1 for 8Li and 9Li in SrTiO3 at 300 K. The (orange) triangle represents a linear interpolation at 3.6 mT from the 2.5 and 5 mT 8Li measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ratios-of-9li-to-8li-1-t1-relaxation-rates-in-pt-6aop0ssv.png FIG. 6. Ratios of 9Li to 8Li 1/T1 relaxation rates in Pt (weighted average of all measurements) and in the two SrTiO3 samples. The red line represents the weighted average of the measurements in both SrTiO3 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-properties-of-the-principle-b-decay-modes-of-8li-and-igq3xmii.png FIG. 1. Properties of the principle β-decay modes of 8Li and 9Li [11]. The asymmetry (a) of each decay mode of 9Li is documented in Table I. The total asymmetry for 9Li is the sum of the asymmetry weighted by the relevant probability of each decay mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-asymmetry-a-of-each-decay-mode-of-9li-in-fig-1-1s4h4u6d.png TABLE I. The asymmetry (a) of each decay mode of 9Li in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-intrinsic-nuclear-properties-of-li-radioisotopes-2r3r4spw.png TABLE II. Intrinsic nuclear properties of Li radioisotopes used in β-NMR and β-NQR. Iπ is the nuclear spin (and parity), μ is the magnetic moment, and Q is the electric quadrupole moment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-slr-rates-for-8li-implanted-in-pt-the-14feht9o.png FIG. 3. Measured SLR rates for 8Li implanted in Pt. The relaxation rate increases linearly with temperature, appearing insensitive to both implantation energy and magnetic field strength, consistent with a Korringa mechanism [7]. Measurements from this work are highlighted in colored disks, while black diamond markers indicate data from earlier measurements on Pt foil [10]. The solid line is a Korringa fit to all the SLR rates in Pt and differs somewhat from the result of Ofer et al. [10] due to the additional data points from this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-slr-spectra-of-8li-left-and-9li-right-in-single-3tf45p7i.png FIG. 4. SLR spectra of 8Li (left) and 9Li (right) in single-crystal SrTiO3 at 300 K. The solid lines are a global fit to Eqs. (3) and (12) where a common parameter f is shared between all spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-the-scalar-polarizabilities-of-the-proton-4b1tr4z9lc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-degree-of-linear-polarization-for-two-orientations-of-3qo857s1.png Fig. 1. Degree of linear polarization for two orientations of the diamond with polarization plane parallel (red line) and perpendicular (blue line) to the horizontal lab axis. The black dashed lines indicate the range used in further analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-beam-asymmetry-s3-for-three-energy-ranges-uppermost-79-3kmklrxk.png Fig. 4. Beam asymmetry Σ3 for three energy ranges (uppermost: 79–98 MeV, middle: 98–119 MeV, lowermost: 119–139 MeV). The errors represent statistical errors, the red bars indicate the systematic error. Green dashed curve: BChPT calculation [29], magenta dashed-dotted: DR calculation [27,28], blue dotted: HBChPT [16], all with αE1 = 10.65 × 10 −4 fm3 and βM1 = 3.15 × 10 −4 fm3; brown solid: Born term (curves correspond to the central values of the shown energy bins). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-result-of-the-fit-within-bchpt-framework-obtained-3owuto0j.png Fig. 5. The result of the fit within BChPT framework obtained by averaging the numerator and denominator in Eq. 4 over angle and energy (blue curve). Shaded bands are determined by the error in βM1. Notation for the data as in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-ph-distributions-of-the-outgoing-photon-the-26vn834u.png Fig. 3. Sample φ distributions of the outgoing photon. The upper two panels show φ distributions obtained with polarization plane parallel (upper) and perpendicular to (middle) the horizontal lab axis. The lower-most panel shows the φ-dependent asymmetry obtained from Eq. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-missing-mass-for-the-incoming-photon-energy-range-79-35grm2ha.png Fig. 2. Missing mass for the incoming photon energy range 79–98 MeV and scattered photon polar angles 30◦ < θ < 155◦, data were obtained for two polarization planes parallel and perpendicular to the horizontal (red circles and blue squares respectively). The black curve represents the Monte Carlo simulated distribution for Compton scattering, the dashed lines indicate the applied cut. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-thermal-and-optical-properties-of-ion-p7zsdtwb88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-points-dots-and-line-of-best-fit-eq-4-for-tfgj9rd2.png FIG. 5. Experimental points dots and line of best fit Eq. 4 for the PPE normalized voltage of the untreated PEEK film as a function of the chopping frequency of the input Xe lamp irradiation using the monochromator fixed at 340 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ppe-fn-spectrum-as-a-function-of-wavelength-of-the-5j8r4zzo.png FIG. 8. PPE Fn spectrum as a function of wavelength of the untreated PEEK film at 20 Hz chopping frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-points-dots-and-line-of-best-fit-eq-4-for-34lrshjg.png FIG. 6. Experimental points dots and line of best fit Eq. 4 for the PPE normalized voltage of the N+ implanted PEEK film as a function of the chopping frequency of the input Xe lamp irradiation using the monochromator fixed at 340 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ppe-vn-spectrum-as-a-function-of-wavelength-for-the-1cejf1gu.png FIG. 7. PPE Vn spectrum as a function of wavelength for the untreated PEEK film at 20 Hz chopping frequency. The dots represent experimental results and the full line represents the fit Eq. 3 . The inset shows the conventional UV–Vis–near IR optical transmission spectrum of untreated PEEK film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ppe-fn-spectrum-as-a-function-of-wavelength-of-the-n-1v8lp8yn.png FIG. 10. PPE Fn spectrum as a function of wavelength of the N + implanted PEEK film at 20 Hz chopping frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ppe-vn-spectrum-as-a-function-of-wavelength-of-the-n-1bppua2q.png FIG. 9. PPE Vn spectrum as a function of wavelength of the N + implanted PEEK film at 20 Hz chopping frequency. The inset shows the conventional UV–Vis–near IR optical transmission spectrum of the N+ implanted PEEK film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-peek-monomer-structure-15352xfj.png FIG. 1. PEEK monomer structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-used-for-2h47mhuu.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the experimental setup used for photothermal spectroscopy measurements of PEEK samples. Illumination and acquisition were synchronized using a lock-in amplification arrangement. https://scispace.com/papers/determining-flow-propagation-direction-from-in-flight-array-1j4y5r5wwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sketch-of-the-intermittent-turbulent-boundary-2ok106an.png Figure 11. Sketch of the intermittent turbulent boundary layer with large scale motions and ”typical eddies”. (based on reference 16). The idealized rotation axis at the intersecting plane shown is perpendicular to the flow-direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sketch-of-a-three-dimensional-boundary-layer-due-1yzbwwef.png Figure 12. Sketch of a three-dimensional boundary layer due to crossflow: close to the wall, the flow is deviated from the flow direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sketch-angle-determined-from-wavenumber-spectrum-in-2yq3imhx.png Figure 8. Sketch: angle determined from wavenumber spectrum: in this example, the flow direction is tilted 10◦ relative to the length axis. Phase velocity and flow direction are not aligned which results in the angle between the inclination of the convective ridge and the line from the center of the convective ridge to the origin to differ from 90◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-angles-resulting-from-the-three-different-2zkb6dk6.png Figure 10. Angles resulting from the three different evaluation methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wavenumber-spectrum-from-experimental-data-at-f-3ksqb871.png Figure 9. Wavenumber spectrum from experimental data at f = 586Hz: the convective ridge is inclined while the center of the convective ridge is located approximately at ky = 0. Phase velocity and flow direction are not aligned which results in the angle between the inclination of the convective ridge and the line from the center of the convective ridge to the origin to differ from 90◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-carrier-d-atra-advanced-technology-research-1pfh2gfc.png Figure 1. Test carrier D-ATRA (Advanced Technology Research Aircraft). Source: DLR CC-BY 3.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-the-array-positions-installed-on-the-test-2xifyx6i.png Figure 2. Sketch of the array positions installed on the test carrier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-data-angle-determined-from-coherence-1o28cdbn.png Figure 5. Experimental data: angle determined from coherence at f = 2490Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/determining-distribution-and-size-of-larval-pacific-geoduck-4efbf89afy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-larval-geoduck-sampling-locations-in-y77mjd50.png Figure 3. Map of larval geoduck sampling locations in Quartermaster Harbor, WA. The sampling design included 3 stations (Inner, Middle, and Outer), each with 3 replicate buoys. Each buoy contained traps at 3 depths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-size-frequency-distributions-of-larvae-caught-at-2aixif0u.png Figure 8. Size–frequency distributions of larvae caught at the middle station buoys in Quartermaster Harbor. (A) Size–frequency distributions and average size (%SE) by month for all depths combined. March (n$ 247), April (n$ 46), May (n$ 121), June (n$ 260), and July (n$ 161). (B) Size– frequency distribution and average size (%SE) by depth for all months combined. 1 m, n$ 360; 4 m, n$ 440; and bottom, n$ 35. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3b2so9ez.png TABLE 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-physical-parameters-measured-weekly-via-ctd-at-the-2ztylg3k.png Figure 7. Physical parameters measured weekly via CTD at the middle station in Quartermaster Harbor from March 9, 2010, to July 17, 2010. (A) Temperature (measured in degrees Celsius). (B) Salinity. (C) Fluorescence (measured in milligrams per square meter). (D) Dissolved oxygen (measured in milligrams per liter). (E) Density (measured in sigma-t). Size of bubbles represents average number of larvae captured per trap during the week between the CTD casts at a given depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-number-se-of-geoduck-larvae-per-tube-per-week-1ip3idyx.png Figure 4. Mean number (%SE) of geoduck larvae per tube per week during the sampling period from March 9, 2010, to July 17, 2010, for the Middle station in Quartermaster Harbor. (A) Surface tube, depth of 1 m. (B) Tube at depth of 4 m. (C) Bottom tube at depth of 15 m. ND, no data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-number-se-of-geoduck-larvae-per-tube-during-2o0hr8cu.png Figure 5. Mean number (%SE) of geoduck larvae per tube during the sampling period from May 25, 2010, to June 1, 2010, across all stations in Quartermaster Harbor. (A) Mean number of geoduck larvae at the various sampling locations. (B) Mean number of geoduck larvae at the various sampling depths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-size-frequency-distributions-and-average-size-se-of-azekwicv.png Figure 9. Size–frequency distributions and average size (%SE) of larvae caught during the week of May 25 to June 1, 2010 in Quartermaster Harbor, WA. (A) Size–frequency distributions and average size (%SE) by station for all depths combined. Inner (n$ 374), Middle (n$ 98), and Outer (n$ 68). The middle station included buoys 4 and 6, because larvae caught at buoy 5 were destroyed to confirm FISH-CS accuracy. (B) Size–frequency distribution by depth for all stations combined. 1 m, n$ 319; and 4 m, n$ 221). Bottom samples were excluded because of extremely low sample sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-relative-flow-se-as-measured-by-dissolution-of-3rk3dbuk.png Figure 6. Mean relative flow (%SE) as measured by dissolution of calcium sulfate pucks (in grams) during the sampling period from May 25, 2010, to June 1, 2010, across all stations in Quartermaster Harbor. Data were included to correspond with larval abundance data. (A) Mean relative water flow at the various sampling locations. (B) Mean relative water flow at the various sampling depths. https://scispace.com/papers/determining-pregnancy-status-in-harbour-seals-using-m4e41bkty9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-female-harbour-seals-sampled-for-pregnancy-status-3d6eo3fk.png Table 1. Female harbour seals sampled for pregnancy status determination by Seal Management 106 Area and location. 107 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-all-harbour-seal-female-mass-and-18epftiu.png Table 2. Summary of all harbour seal female mass and progesterone concentrations in blubber and 202 plasma samples. 203 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-and-percentage-with-95-binomial-confidence-1vw8zz9y.png Table 3. Number and percentage (with 95% binomial confidence intervals) of mature females 253 categorised as not pregnant or pregnant by Seal Management Area. 254 https://scispace.com/papers/determining-star-formation-rates-for-infrared-galaxies-4gzap98kks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-l-60-and-l-tir-the-line-is-a-linear-duop3n49.png Figure 16. Comparison of L(60) and L(TIR). The line is a linear fit given in the text. There are no outliers (not surprisingly because 60 μm is close to the maximum of the SED) but the slope differs somewhat from unity (L(TIR) = 740 L(60)0.943). Symbols are as for Figure 13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-of-l-24-and-l-tir-the-line-is-a-linear-1ffcwlts.png Figure 15. Comparison of L(24) and L(TIR). The line is a linear fit as given in the text. It fits well with virtually no outliers and with a slope close to one (L(TIR) = 27.9 L(24)0.945). Symbols are as for Figure 13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-full-lirg-seds-and-defining-photometric-points-3ogsz2f3.png Figure 1. Full LIRG SEDs and defining photometric points. Between 5 and 36 μm the SEDs are based on IRS spectra rather than the photometry. The curves have been offset for clarity; from top to bottom the galaxies and offset factors are: (1) NGC 1614 (2); (2) NGC 4194 (0.2); (3) NGC 3256 (0.003); (4) NGC 2369 (0.001); (5) ESO 0320-g030 (0.0001); and (6) Zw 049.057 (0.00005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-full-ulirg-seds-and-defining-photometric-points-3ack41ac.png Figure 3. Full ULIRG SEDs and defining photometric points. Between 5 and 36 μm the SEDs are based on IRS spectra rather than the photometry. The curves have been offset for clarity; from top to bottom the galaxies and offset factors are: (1) IRAS 22491-1808 (1); (2) IRAS 14348-1447 (0.1); (3) IRAS 17208-0018 (0.003); (4) Arp 220 (0.00007); (5) IRAS 12112+0305 (0.00005); (6) Dale alpha = 1.5 model; and (7) Chary & Elbaz L(TIR) = 2 × 1012 model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expanded-lirg-seds-to-highlight-optical-through-mid-2y0y1vyw.png Figure 2. Expanded LIRG SEDs to highlight optical through mid-IR. The order of galaxies and offsetting factors are as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tracks-of-the-average-template-seds-vs-redshift-as-1s82yqsq.png Figure 9. Tracks of the average template SEDs vs. redshift, as would be observed at 24 μm. The even spacing at any given redshift implies that a power-law fit is a good approximation to the dependence of SFR on 24 μm flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-trend-of-q24-log-fn-24-mm-fn-1-4-ghz-with-log-l-34pbd51o.png Figure 11. Trend of q24 = log[fν (24 μm)/fν (1.4 GHz)] with log(L(TIR)). The line shows our preferred fit, a constant of q24=1.22 for log(L(TIR)) < 11, and a sloping line above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-our-templates-with-the-measurements-geuev5dx.png Figure 12. Comparison of our templates with the measurements of high redshift galaxies by Kovács et al. (2006). The templates and the measurements have all been normalized near 260 μm, close to the rest wavelength for the 850 μm measurements of Kovács et al. (2006). There is substantial scatter in the resulting radio fluxes for the templates but even more for the radio fluxes of the high redshift galaxies. The latter are perhaps increased significantly be measurement errors (not all of which are captured in the nominal errors, as demonstrated by the results of independent reductions; Kovács et al. 2006). Nonetheless, the local templates are very representative of the behavior of those at high redshift. https://scispace.com/papers/determining-the-nucleation-rate-from-the-dimer-growth-55yf84vaz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-supersaturation-dependence-of-the-2d-nucleation-rate-ldbh675z.png FIG. 2. Supersaturation dependence of the 2D nucleation rate: circles— simulation data obtained from Eq. 18 with the help of the P2 s data in Fig. 1; squares—simulation data of Weeks and Gilmer;15 dashed curve—Eq. 25 of the classical nucleation theory; solid curve—Eq. 27 ; dotted curve—Eq. 27 with right-hand side multiplied by 1/40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-supersaturation-dependence-of-the-dimer-growth-2l4h1d87.png FIG. 1. Supersaturation dependence of the dimer growth probability: circles—simulation data; dashed line—the value 1/2 of the probability; solid curve—Eq. 29 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-supersaturation-dependence-of-the-nucleus-size-circles-8nrfsmne.png FIG. 3. Supersaturation dependence of the nucleus size: circles—simulation n* s data obtained from Eq. 28 ; squares— n* s data from Ref. 2, which follow from the simulation J s dependence of Weeks and Gilmer;15 triangles—n* s data of ter Horst and Jansens13 obtained by simulations of the cluster growth probability; dashed curve—Gibbs-Thomson Eq. 22 ; solid curve—Eq. 30 . https://scispace.com/papers/detouring-translating-software-to-circumvent-hard-faults-in-4ir76q6yar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-level-view-of-detouring-13bltwzj.png Figure 1. High-Level View of Detouring https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-implemented-detours-gpot223m.png Table 1. Summary of Implemented Detours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-of-different-detours-across-benchmarks-2of4lpwy.png Figure 6. Performance of different Detours across benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-for-each-benchmark-the-three-detours-to-which-it-is-n6kmjxfc.png Figure 7. For each benchmark, the three Detours to which it is most sensitive. We only present the best-performing multiplier, I-cache, and shift Detours (“best mult”, “best ic”, “best shift”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-throughput-vs-number-of-errors-for-a-16-core-cmp-1gog46lt.png Figure 8. Throughput vs. number of errors for a 16-core CMP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-expected-number-of-errors-that-can-be-tolerated-for-gxrwcj91.png Figure 9. Expected number of errors that can be tolerated for a given throughput target https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detour-for-i-cache-faults-1vbdmzzh.png Figure 4. Detour for I-Cache Faults https://scispace.com/papers/determining-the-power-and-energy-capacities-of-a-battery-1iatnueb04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shown-are-load-pv-and-bess-power-profiles-for-307g2fy5.png FIGURE 3. Shown are load, PV, and BESS power profiles for sample days from each of the four seasons. There is 30% PV penetration in all cases. Key: load (blue), PV (red), net load (green), desired feeder profile (DFP, dash blue), BESS reference input signal (yellow), and BESS response (black). (a) Spring. (b) Summer. (c) Fall. (d) Winter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-given-the-variation-in-the-seasonal-data-and-the-pv-n3mshlv6.png TABLE 1. Given the variation in the seasonal data and the PV nameplate percentage of feeder size, this table depicts the needed MW and MWh capacities for a BESS to accommodate the different target feeder profiles given 30% PV penetration on the feeder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shown-are-load-pv-and-bess-power-profiles-for-3a0rkegm.png FIGURE 4. Shown are load, PV, and BESS power profiles for several PV penetration levels, 15%, 35%, and 50%. Season is the same for all cases, summer. Key: load (blue), PV (red), net load (green), desired feeder profile (DFP, dash blue), BESS reference input signal (yellow), and BESS response (black). (a) 15% PV penetration. (b) 35% PV penetration. (c) 50% PV penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-this-table-provides-the-seasonal-mw-and-mwh-2xwwmzlx.png TABLE 2. This table provides the seasonal MW and MWh capacities (Cap) requirements for the various PV penetration levels, indicated as percentages of the feeder size. These data are plotted in Fig. 5(a) and 5(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shown-are-the-mw-and-mwh-bess-capacities-versus-pv-2pc9ehhh.png FIGURE 5. Shown are the MW and MWh BESS capacities versus PV penetration that are required to achieve a flat feeder profile for all seasons on the Oxford-Rural feeder. (a) Required BESS MW required versus percent PV penetration. (b) Required BESS MWh required versus percent PV penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feedback-control-loop-for-the-bess-y37f05yu.png FIGURE 1. Feedback control loop for the BESS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oahu-data-provide-the-necessary-one-second-sampling-a2e5j37m.png FIGURE 2. Oahu data provide the necessary one-second sampling rate needed to represent rapid PV fluctuations. To extract these fluctuations, an ideal PV envelope was calculated. This envelope was then subtracted from the data, leaving behind only the fluctuations. https://scispace.com/papers/deterministic-nonmonotone-strategies-for-effective-training-55ygbtz9e1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-alphabetic-font-learning-problem-average-cpu-time-for-2kf6m3w0.png Fig. 4. Alphabetic font learning problem: Average CPU time for convergence of each training algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-numeric-font-learning-problem-average-cpu-time-for-crnh45nl.png Fig. 5. Numeric font learning problem: Average CPU time for convergence of each training algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-texture-classification-problem-average-percentage-of-3lv6iyly.png Fig. 11. Texture classification problem: Average percentage of success for the NMBBP method with respect to different values ofM . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-xor-problem-behavior-of-the-nmbpm-algorithm-with-jyynho29.png Fig. 12. XOR problem: Behavior of the NMBPM algorithm with adaptiveM . https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-generalization-in-the-abnormalities-detection-24hba7bj.png TABLE XIII GENERALIZATION IN THE ABNORMALITIES DETECTION PROBLEM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-numeric-font-learning-problem-number-of-trained-mlps-3a7lp9r1.png Fig. 14. Numeric font learning problem: Number of trained MLPs out of 100 that correctly recognized the numeric symbols0; 1; . . . ; 9 in helvetica italic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-texture-classification-problem-average-number-of-idwzywta.png Fig. 10. Texture classification problem: Average number of error function and gradient evaluations for the NMBPVS method with respect to different values ofM . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-alphabetic-font-learning-problem-average-number-of-hcwl62mu.png Fig. 9. Alphabetic font learning problem: Average number of error function and gradient evaluations for the NMBPVS method with respect to different valu s of M . https://scispace.com/papers/detrimental-collaborations-in-creative-work-evidence-from-2oc3zfzsxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-alphabetical-rank-of-scientists-on-jtnc5v7u.png Table 3. The Effect of Alphabetical Rank of Scientists on Their Propensity to Collaborate (First-Stage Results of the Instrumental Variable Method) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distributional-characteristics-of-the-final-2pymxw3a.png Figure 1. The distributional characteristics of the final sample. Figure 1a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-o4fb77or.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-relationship-between-collaboration-non-2ku6mvj6.png Table 2. The Relationship between Collaboration (Non-instrumented) and the Output Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-impact-of-collaboration-instrumented-on-the-5ohxr4w4.png Table 4. The Impact of Collaboration (Instrumented) on the Output Quality (Second-Stage Results of the Instrumental Variable Method) https://scispace.com/papers/deuterium-tracer-experiments-prove-the-thiophenic-hydrogen-e6ueh9etna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-over-pbmo6-2s8-at-400-c-experiment-a-selected-1yw4sckv.png Table 4 Data over PbMo6.2S8 at 400 C, experiment A (selected from Tables 2, 3 in [26]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lack-of-correlation-in-dnth-and-dnhydrocarbonsvalues-2u24sb3d.png Table 2 Lack of correlation in DNTh- and DNHYDROCARBONSvalues (data from Table 1 in [25]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conversions-of-23-dht-over-5-mo-c-al2o3-data-from-1qk72jnu.png Table 3 Conversions of 2,3-DHT over 5% Mo/c-Al2O3 (data from Table 1 in [21]); Th means thiophene https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lack-of-correlation-in-dth-dnth-and-dhs-dnhs-values-1bq92cc3.png Table 1 Lack of correlation in DTh-; DNTh and DHS-; DNHS-values (selected data from [24, 25]) https://scispace.com/papers/developability-assessment-with-case-studies-highlighting-the-kejjrgm4x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-techniques-de-mesure-de-lagregation-et-devaluation-2p4rn9o2.png Figure 2. Techniques de mesure de l’agrégation et d’évaluation des particules présentes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-facteurs-influencant-lagregation-mrt5ze5t.png Figure 1. Facteurs influençant l’agrégation. https://scispace.com/papers/developing-an-automatic-pipeline-for-analyzing-chatter-about-a378mxrq31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-performances-of-the-classifiers-on-1abofc7e.png Table 2. Classification performances of the classifiers on the test sets of Corpus-1 & 2. The 95% confidence intervals are given in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-post-classification-class-distributions-among-to-32vvjfc3.png Figure 3. Post-classification class distributions among to two corpora, as per the automatically classified tweets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-misclassified-tweets-by-bert-classifier-6o0pndzc.png Table 4. Examples of Misclassified tweets by BERT Classifier on Corpus-1 and Corpus-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-for-the-entire-annotation-process-3lysr6em.png Figure 2. Flow chart for the entire annotation process involving multiple rounds https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bert-classifier-s-confusion-matrix-on-test-set-hfvro9j2.png Table 3. BERT Classifier's confusion matrix on test set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-counts-and-percentages-for-annotated-3iq46oiv.png Table 1. Distribution (counts and percentages) for annotated data in the first round of annotations (row 2 & 3), and the final data sets (Corpus-1 for row 4 and 6; Corpus-2 for row 5 and 7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nlp-system-for-automatic-data-collection-308nqp2q.png Figure 1. The NLP System for automatic data collection, classification, and content analysis of the Medicaid chatter on Twitter https://scispace.com/papers/developing-best-practices-of-teacher-induction-50dzuo1xuj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-best-practices-of-teacher-induction-for-2lfbqby3.png Figure 2. Best practices of teacher induction for agricultural education. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-and-low-intensity-activities-in-beginning-w7iwt292.png Figure 1. High and low intensity activities in beginning teacher induction. https://scispace.com/papers/developing-interlanguage-driving-forces-in-children-learning-2rlhkdc32i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-utterance-structure-at-the-lexical-stage-3u2pvmt2.png Figure 2: Utterance structure at the lexical stage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dutch-and-german-child-data-collected-from-two-yw4d81mz.png Table 3: Dutch and German child data collected from two stages of language development. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reanalysis-of-the-type-a-structure-slp05kuz.png Figure 5: Reanalysis of the type-A structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lexical-structures-in-child-dutch-and-german-8zqrayd6.png Table 1: Lexical structures in child Dutch and German. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-topic-situation-ts-and-the-element-in-topic-35vd3fa1.png Figure 3: The topic situation TS and the element in topic position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lexical-structure-of-type-a-and-type-b-as-shown-1tw477f1.png Figure 1: The lexical structure of type A and type B. *As shown in Jolink (2009), Dutch children also produce examples with is instead of a modal verb. For example, die eisje is tieke (the girl is draw), paadje is alle biele opete (horsie is all wheels up-eat), toen is e vogel da vliege (then is a bird there fly). It might be used with an aspectual meaning such as ‘is being’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-functional-categories-in-dutch-and-german-3cdj4rlk.png Table 2: Functional categories in Dutch and German. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-ybuxp6p0.png Table 2: Functional categories in Dutch and German. https://scispace.com/papers/developing-research-knowledge-through-special-study-module-4lsus7abqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paired-sample-statistics-of-self-perceived-wolt1z5z.png Table 2. Paired sample statistics of self-perceived competency and attitude https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-of-the-respondents-2cdzhwfl.png Table 1. Demographic data of the respondents https://scispace.com/papers/developing-the-prototype-andaland-for-agriculture-soil-and-k14c3i2ve8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-modeled-rule-of-andaland-1ryjjwty.png Figure 2. An example of modeled rule of AndaLAND. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-methodological-scheme-of-andaland-60dfyz6q.png Figure 4. Methodological scheme of AndaLAND. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-funtional-struture-of-andaland-1hd4y0zq.png Figure 3. Funtional struture of AndaLAND. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-distribution-of-stakeholders-attending-2tht23zk.png Figure 6. Percentage distribution of stakeholders attending to AndaLAND workshop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-area-and-distribution-of-soil-1q7pfp3z.png Figure 1. Location of the study area and distribution of soil types-profile names ‘District and numer’- within the region (Junta de Andalucía 1984; IUSS WRB 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-example-of-andalands-final-output-y9h55rki.png Figure 7. An example of AndaLAND’s final output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computer-system-operation-of-andaland-nnptfwp9.png Figure 5. Computer system operation of AndaLAND. https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-validation-of-a-potent-and-specific-2phv68sg8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-14k5j8ve.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3raykfev.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-28hg9ua3.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-table-approximate-ic50-values-of-fenamate-134rkymo.png TABLE 1 Top Table: Approximate IC50 values of fenamate derivatives against CLC-2, determined from 4 concentrations using the IWB platform. Compounds are listed according to position of modification, as shown in Figure 1B, and groups are color-coded accordingly. Bottom Table: IC50 data summary for derivatives of AK-24, determined from 4 concentrations using the IWB platform. For both tables, if the IC50 was greater than the highest concentration tested, this concentration is listed along with the corresponding % inhibition (in parenthesis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1m8x841v.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2pbmvo7m.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-simultaneous-application-of-multiple-care-3rx8sohr46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-age-intensive-care-unit-and-hospital-3o4xu5wj.png Table 1 Patient age, intensive care unit and hospital mortality, length of intensive care unit stay, and severity of illness in baseline, protocol, and control periods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-patients-n-215-between-the-two-groups-px7ge2au.png Fig. 4 Distribution of patients (n= 215) between the two groups (white slices: cardiac surgery; gray slices: sepsis) and geographical areas (Europe and U.S.), and their respective hospital mortalities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flow-through-the-loops-of-cardiovascular-management-18xvzxrx.png Fig. 6 Flow through the loops of cardiovascular management protocol: percentage of patients entering the loops in each patient group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-re-entries-into-the-active-part-of-the-protocol-of-5swg947g.png Fig. 7 Re-entries into the active part of the protocol (% of patients). CVmanagement: cardiovascular management protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sedation-protocol-the-protocol-consisted-of-a-passive-1w4jtcd5.png Fig. 2 Sedation protocol. The protocol consisted of a passive observation part (gray flow chart symbols: no need for sedation, S1–S23– S1) and an active treatment part (white flow chart symbols). Analgesia loop: S1–S4 to S13–S19; sedation loop: S1–S4 to S5–S19; reduction of sedatives/analgesics loop: S19–S22. Physician interaction needed in setting the target and reassessment rate (S2, S20, S23), and in selecting the drug and dose and prescribing an infusion (S8, S10, S15, S17) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weaning-protocol-the-protocol-consisted-of-a-passive-fao3opdi.png Fig. 3 Weaning protocol. The protocol consisted of a passive observation part (gray flow chart symbols: not ready for weaning, W1–W2–W24–W25–W1) and an active treatment part (white flow chart symbols). Spontaneous breathing trial loop: W1–W6 to W7–W13b; pressure support loop: W1–W6 to W14–W21–W13b. SBT, spontaneous breathing trial; PSV, pressure support ventilation; ATC, automatic tube compensation. Physician interaction needed in starting (W2, W24, W25), in defining the method (W6, W20), and in extubation (W13a) https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-transferability-of-microsatellite-markers-in-5atwfihw98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-microsatellite-loci-in-habenaria-2a39umxa.png Table 1 Characterization of microsatellite loci in Habenaria nuda (NUD) and H. repens (REP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-primer-screening-for-five-microsatellites-1cmhi5ya.png Table 3 Results of primer screening for five microsatellites loci in two populations of Habenaria repens https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-primer-screening-for-seven-15aq6lum.png Table 2 Results of primer screening for seven microsatellites in two populations of Habenaria nuda https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-verification-of-a-finite-volume-model-for-e9x81q7z8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sediment-parameters-used-in-the-multi-layered-ds0rifod.png Table 1: Sediment parameters used in the multi-layered simulations [6, 19, 17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sketches-of-far-field-simulation-domains-20w4vxj4.png Figure 3: Sketches of far-field simulation domains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bed-and-water-free-surface-left-column-and-sediment-3ptxdmuq.png Figure 5: Bed and water free-surface (left column) and sediment concentration (right column) at four different instants for the problem of dam-break over 5-layered bed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bed-and-water-free-surface-left-column-and-sediment-2uh616c8.png Figure 6: Bed and water free-surface (left column) and sediment concentration (right column) at four different instants for the problem of dam-break over composite bed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-sediment-transport-in-shallow-water-10ad8bbg.png Figure 1: Illustration of sediment transport in shallow water flows over a multi-layered bed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpu-times-and-errors-in-the-bed-profiles-using-1lpvz1yc.png Table 2: CPU times and errors in the bed profiles using different spatial discretization steps ∆x and ∆z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-comparison-of-results-from-the-experiment-and-31ew08dc.png Figure 4: A comparison of results from the experiment and simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-control-volume-cvi-j-of-bed-cell-at-i-j-39nm7rev.png Figure 2: Control Volume (CVi,j)of bed cell at i,j https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-disaster-management-assessment-model-using-1piawtxd0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inter-comparison-of-new-change-paradigm-in-disaster-1nyhzydz.png Table 2. Inter-comparison of new change paradigm in disaster management https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-infectious-disease-management-capacity-diagnosis-had61m49.png Table 5. Infectious disease management capacity diagnosis results (+ means that the results of self-assessment are higher and - means that the results of external assessment are higher) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-disaster-management-assessment-model-313wmb74.png Table 1. Comparison of Disaster Management Assessment Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-of-state-of-disaster-management-evaluation-1c94fpiu.png Figure 1. Process of state of disaster management evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-of-interview-checklist-for-diagnosing-3rzsl8k4.png Table 3. Example of Interview Checklist for Diagnosing Disaster Management Assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-between-the-mean-values-of-the-results-of-21gnzd7r.png Table 6. Comparison between the mean values of the results of infectious disease management capacity diagnosis between proposed REG and WHO_JEE capacity diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-changes-in-diagnostic-items-through-delphi-analysis-3u3eol49.png Table 4. Changes in Diagnostic Items through Delphi Analysis Process https://scispace.com/papers/development-characterization-and-utilization-of-40i7m0c66b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unweighted-pair-group-method-using-arithmetic-average-32at868b.png Fig. 1: Unweighted Pair Group Method using arithmetic average dendrogram showing relatedness among the 24 Cajanus genotypes. The scale at the bottom of the dendrogram indicates the level of similarity between the genotypes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accessions-used-to-characterize-polymorphism-36qx6ms0.png Table 1: Accessions used to characterize polymorphism Accession Species Gene pool 1/description Country of origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-temperature-ranges-and-reactions-that-led-to-1k7l436k.png Table 2: Temperature ranges and reactions that led to amplification of products https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-properties-of-pigeonpea-microsatellite-loci-37r8bu8b.png Table 5: Properties of pigeonpea microsatellite loci, including range of amplification products sizes, number of alleles and PIC values https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-dynamic-spot-size-diagnostic-for-flash-rf76is9t3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sketch-of-experimental-configuration-3njhjc1f.png Figure 3. Sketch of experimental configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-data-line-from-shot-241-oj18frii.png Figure 5. Typical data line from shot 241. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spot-size-position-and-dose-rate-data-extracted-3cs24h6l.png Figure 6. Spot size, position, and dose rate data extracted from TSRD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-streak-camera-images-from-shots-239-240-and-241-m4mrxluq.png Figure 4. Streak camera images from shots 239, 240 and 241 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-scintillating-fiber-array-1tqdelv8.png Figure 2. Photograph of scintillating fiber array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-tsrd-and-pin-data-324fo8b9.png Figure 8. Comparison of TSRD and PIN data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-kodak-film-and-trsd-results-2xzwm0l8.png Figure 7. Comparison of Kodak film and TRSD results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-sketch-of-detector-array-19oiakys.png Figure 1. Conceptual sketch of detector array. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-freely-distributed-customizable-atmospheric-51wv0ddmkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectra-of-100-m-cells-of-283-k-methane-in-front-of-3v4y2r45.png Figure 3: Spectra of 100 m cells of 283 K methane in front of a 293 K blackbody background. From bottom to top, the cell had 1, 10, and 100 ppm by volume of methane in air respectively. While the majority of features in this region are due to methane, emission from other atmospheric constituents is also evident (e.g. 1280 cm-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emission-spectrum-for-the-atmosphere-above-mauna-1t212gdq.png Figure 2: Emission spectrum for the atmosphere above Mauna Kea with a water column abundance of 1 mm PWV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-fascode-black-and-ultram-gray-3lk9lv18.png Figure 1: Comparison of FASCODE (black) and ULTRAM (gray, vertically shifted) simulations of the atmosphere above Mauna Kea with water vapor column abundance of 1 mm PWV. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-measure-for-the-assessment-of-peer-related-44vrr4i0qy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zero-order-correlations-between-the-study-variables-3piohy3f.png Table 2. Zero-order correlations between the study variables and partial correlations between EMWSS-Peers and other variables https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-high-throughput-i-h2ax-assay-based-on-pumwu3h8xb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dose-response-of-g-h2ax-fluorescence-and-foci-number-2zoixzft.png Table 1 Dose response of γ-H2AX fluorescence and foci number at different time points https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-mechanism-and-an-accurate-and-simple-46qtinkhgd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fraction-of-azm-released-mtp-squares-experimental-10gx85bc.png Figure 4. Fraction of AZM released (Mtp). Squares: experimental data. Triangles: predicted values of AZM release from tetrablock hydrogel (Mtp) obtained by applying the non-linear regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermo-gelling-properties-of-the-tetrablock-a-1hf9s1d0.png Figure 2. Thermo-gelling properties of the tetrablock. a) Storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G'') for the tetrablock sample (15 wt.%) in NaCl 0.9% as a function of temperature. b) Storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G'') for the tetrablock sample (15 wt.%) in NaCl 0.9% with 0.4 mg/mL AZM as a function of temperature. c) DSC scans for the tetrablock sample (15 wt.%) in NaCl 0.9%. d) DSC scans for the tetrablock sample (15 wt.%) in NaCl 0.9% with 0.4 mg/mL AZM. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-precision-amplifier-for-the-detector-2bezs32jfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-amplifier-drift-due-to-a-temperature-variation-kw0myc3i.png Figure 8: Amplifier drift due to a temperature variation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-output-voltage-of-amplifier-and-the-measured-2qvdy7ld.png Figure 6: The output voltage of amplifier and the measured frequency of V/F converter measured using an input current source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-measured-photon-beam-currents-of-the-4c1-beam-2uxd5qat.png Figure 7: The measured photon beam currents of the 4C1 beam line and the measured electron beam current of the storage ring of PLS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-noise-model-for-the-trans-resistance-preamplifier-2ie5bpu5.png Figure 4: A noise model for the trans-resistance preamplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-noise-spectral-density-of-the-trans-resistance-1ahzrvz1.png Figure 5: Noise spectral density of the trans-resistance preamplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-circuit-diagram-of-the-trans-resistance-3ehvlasw.png Figure 3: A circuit diagram of the trans-resistance preamplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-block-diagram-of-the-synchrotron-radiation-2qmzwcoj.png Figure 1: A block diagram of the synchrotron radiation detector system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-for-the-trans-resistance-amplifier-2ftdhipx.png Figure 2: Model for the trans-resistance amplifier. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-mother-preschool-child-interaction-scale-4u11yibuad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-criterion-related-validity-of-mother-preschool-child-2k7y3pxy.png Table 5. Criterion-related Validity of Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale ( N =32) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-analysis-of-mother-preschool-child-2z3q007x.png Table 3. Factor Analysis of Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale ( N =334) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-searching-constructs-and-extracted-items-through-1c3yv4vd.png Table 2. Searching Constructs and Extracted Items through Description of In-depth Interviews https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-preschool-9c88a29y.png Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the Preschool Children and Mothers ( N =334) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contrasted-group-validity-of-mother-preschool-child-267l2o72.png Table 4. Contrasted Group Validity of Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale ( N =334) https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-new-cms-system-in-pigeonpea-utilizing-4p9h3grjub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-f1-hybrids-b-c-d-e-and-f-plants-with-the-1wa2wbs7.png Fig. 2 Comparison of F1 hybrids (B, C, D, E and F plants) with the female parent Cajanus cajan (A) and male parent Cajanus lanceolatus (G) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-electropherogram-of-ssrs-obtained-with-software-3lwkp8rk.png Fig. 6 Electropherogram of SSRs obtained with software Genemapper using the SSR marker Ccm0047. The top line is ICPL 85010 (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp, second line is ICP15639 (Cajanus lanceolatus (WV Fitgz) van der Maesen) and third line is F1 hybrid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raceme-morphology-observed-in-the-bc1f1-population-1kr2v56o.png Fig. 3 Raceme morphology observed in the BC1F1 population derived from the crosses between Male sterile F1 hybrids and cultivated pigeonpea. a Determinate growth habit. b Semi-determinate growth habit. c Indeterminate growth habit https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percent-pod-set-in-sterile-f1-hybrids-when-crossed-w8zzw8uh.png Table 1 Percent pod set in sterile F1 hybrids when crossed with different unrelated pigeonpea cultivars https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-pollen-fertility-in-f1-hybrids-derived-2w4lefnc.png Table 2 Percentage of Pollen fertility in F1 hybrids derived from the cross Cajanus cajan (ICPL 85010) 9 Cajanus lanceolatus (ICP 15639) https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-questionnaire-to-measure-immersion-in-video-9u6ucza0gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-film-ieq-questions-numbered-by-factor-1-captivation-1lr3e7o4.png Table 2: Film IEQ questions, numbered by factor (1: captivation, 2: real-world dissociation, 3: comprehension, 4: transportation). Negatively scored items marked with an asterisk (*). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modificationsmade-to-the-original-immersive-3o87f6ml.png Table 1:Modificationsmade to the original Immersive ExperienceQuestionnaire (IEQ) to create the Film IEQ (changes in bold). Questions marked with * are taken from Green and Brock [19] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-repeated-measures-anova-results-for-film-ieq-1xmg6mqi.png Table 4: Repeated measures ANOVA results for Film IEQ subscales. p values < .05marked with *. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-post-hoc-paired-sample-t-test-results-for-1rlkknls.png Table 5: Post-hoc paired-sample t-test results for comprehension subscale. p values < .05marked with *. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-patternmatrix-showing-factors-and-factor-loadings-3075emo1.png Table 3: Patternmatrix showing factors and factor loadings (values below 0.32 omitted), and item descriptives. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-advanced-practice-competency-standards-for-1sy34c7766 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-participants-in-focus-groups-and-2ui5kwye.png Table 2 Demographics of participants in focus groups and interviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-themes-and-descriptors-emerging-from-focus-groups-26au9820.png Figure 1 Themes and descriptors emerging from focus groups and interviews of Advanced Dietetic Practice in Australia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-focus-group-questions-based-on-functional-analysis-3015vpmg.png Table 1 Focus group questions, based on functional analysis technique, used to define advanced practice. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-an-ionic-liquid-based-method-for-the-2o5bug6taq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sem-image-of-bsa-nanoparticles-prepared-by-qj805u45.png Figure 4. (A) SEM image of BSA nanoparticles prepared by addition of 4 mg of BSA aqueous solution (285 μL) at pH 9.0 to the BmimBF4 (3 g) based system. (B) Particle size distribution obtained from the SEM image (A). Final BSA concentration is 0.02 mM. Mol% of water and BmimBF4 are 53% and 44%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-bsa-nanoparticle-19dae2oh.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of BSA nanoparticle synthesis using water-in-IL emulsion-like technique. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-colorization-of-grayscale-images-using-cnn-2pyfgff2or 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-4k-natural-images-colorization-2cmdstuq.png Fig. 5. Example of 4k Natural Images Colorization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-colorization-algorithmusing-cnn-svm-2thnfimv.png Fig. 1. Proposed Colorization Algorithmusing CNN-SVM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-colorization-of-legacy-images-225tbvxv.png Fig. 4. Results of Colorization of Legacy Images https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-comparison-22bs1610.png Table 1. Performance Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-qualitative-analysis-of-the-colorized-images-3bbjwor7.png Fig. 7. Qualitative Analysis of the Colorized Images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-unsuccessful-colorization-process-xhzguk5z.png Fig. 3. Example of Unsuccessful Colorization Process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-succesful-colorization-in-the-testing-l10im3i3.png Fig. 2. Example of Succesful Colorization in the Testing Process https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-cdznte-doped-with-bi-for-gamma-radiation-l0qtc2dp14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cl-spectra-of-cdznte-bi-high-resistivity-at-78-k-2ts8usx5.png Fig. 3 CL spectra of CdZnTe:Bi (high resistivity) at 78 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-testing-equipment-test-box-with-an-installed-cdznte-2gehreh6.png Fig. 2 Testing equipment: test box with an installed CdZnTe device. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-cross-curricular-key-skills-using-a-3d-1dm9dxisuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-teacher-and-student-engagement-in-the-137sdx0y.png Table 1. Summary of teacher and student engagement in the pilot study. School and person names have been changed for anonymity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vsim-screenshot-showing-3d-scene-with-overlaid-181n6d96.png Fig. 1. VSim screenshot showing 3D scene with overlaid interactive narrative including tour nodes and multimedia annotations. Participants created their own ‘tours’ and annotations. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-effective-nanobiocatalytic-systems-through-f6f7ytvqu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-atomic-percentages-derived-from-the-n-3ucvomgj.png Table 2 Experimental atomic percentages (%) derived from the N 1s photoemission peak areas of amine-functionalized nanomaterials without and with immobilized enzymes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reusability-of-calb-in-n-hexane-at-60-c-when-the-1spvjpy3.png Fig. 3. Reusability of CalB in n-hexane at 60 C when the enzyme is covalently or non-covalently immobilized on amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide (standard deviation was less than 5% in all cases). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-initial-reaction-rate-mmol-h-1-mg-1-enzyme-of-the-1zx6x1cx.png Table 4 Initial reaction rate (mmol h 1 mg 1 enzyme) of the esterification reaction for lipases and the transesterification reaction for esterases. The weight ratio of enzyme to nanomaterial in the immobilization procedure was 3:1 (standard deviation was less than 5% in all cases). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quantitative-estimation-of-the-a-helical-content-of-bakr2ppw.png Table 5 Quantitative estimation (%) of the a-helical content of free lipases and lipases immobilized on amine functionalized CNTs and GO, as estimated from the analysis the amide I region of FT-IR spectra (standard deviation was less than 5% in all cases). https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-korean-air-quality-prediction-system-version-37xeudr8ta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-series-plots-of-four-performance-metrics-ioa-2prlmfio.png Figure 11. Time-series plots of four performance metrics (IOA, R, RMSE and MB) for (a) PM10, (b) PM2.5, (c) CO, (d) SO2 and (e) O3 forecasts. The DA was conducted at 00:00 UTC. The units of RMSE and MB are micrograms per cubic meter and parts per million by volume for PM concentrations and for gaseous species, respectively. The definitions of the four performance metrics are shown in Appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-pm2-5-composition-a-observed-at-the-2ngttvk9.png Figure 4. Average PM2.5 composition (a) observed at the supersite stations and (b) simulated by the CMAQ model during the KORUSAQ campaign. The averaged PM2.5 measured from the supersites and calculated from the CMAQ model simulations over the period of the KORUS-AQ campaign are 28 and 19.9 µgm−3, respectively. The mass of organic aerosols (OAs) was calculated by multiplying organic carbon mass by 1.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-korean-air-quality-3os4msbg.png Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the Korean air quality prediction system for particulate matter (PM) and gas-phase pollutants. The data assimilation (DA) cycle is 24 h for both PM and gas-phase pollutants such as CO, O3 and SO2. The DA of NO2 is excluded in the current study, the reason for which is discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-korean-air-quality-3965n9us.png Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the Korean air quality prediction system developed in this study. The initial conditions (ICs) of the CMAQ model simulations are prepared by assimilating CMAQ outputs with satellite-retrieved and ground-measured observations. The data process for preparing the ICs is shown in the box with dashed gray lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-plots-of-hourly-a-pm10-b-pm2-5-c-co-d-284z98vs.png Figure 5. Time-series plots of hourly (a) PM10, (b) PM2.5, (c) CO, (d) SO2 and (e) O3 concentrations at 264 Air Korea stations. Open black circles (OBS) represent the observed concentrations. Blue and red lines show the results simulated from the BASE RUN and DA RUN over South Korea, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spatial-distributions-first-and-second-columns-and-36jjalue.png Figure 10. Spatial distributions (first and second columns) and bias (third and fourth columns) of (a) PM10, (b) PM2.5, (c) CO, (d) O3 and (e) SO2 over Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) for the entire period of the KORUS-AQ campaign. Colored circles of first and second columns represent the concentrations of the air pollutants observed at the Air Korea stations in the SMA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-variations-in-three-performance-metrics-r-rmse-and-qmxvqlsv.png Figure 12. Variations in three performance metrics (R, RMSE and MB) with time intervals of data assimilations. For these tests, the GOCI AODs were used in the DA to update the initial conditions of the CMAQ model simulations. The results from the three CMAQ model simulations were compared with AERONET AODs (“ground truth”). The blue squares represent the performances from the BASE RUNs and the red squares indicate the performances from the DA RUNs. The three experiments were carried out with the assimilation time intervals of 24, 6 and 3 h, respectively. Here, the DA RUN with the 24 h time interval is referred to as “air quality prediction”, and the DA RUNs with the 6 and 3 h time interval are referred to as “air quality reanalysis”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-soccer-plot-analyses-for-a-pm10-b-pm2-5-c-co-d-so2-pajs6ont.png Figure 13. Soccer plot analyses for (a) PM10, (b) PM2.5, (c) CO, (d) SO2 and (e) O3. The CMAQ-predicted concentrations were compared with the Air Korea observations. Blue crosses, red circles, dark-green triangles and black diamonds represent the performances calculated from the BASE RUN, the DA RUNs with the OI system, the 1 h OI system and the 2 h OI system, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-land-use-regression-models-for-elemental-312hayd3j3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-study-areas-160-1j8cmdq8.png Table 1. Description of study areas 160 https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-micropatterned-surfaces-of-poly-butylene-2mysjp2jdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-at-two-magnifications-i-and-ii-of-immunostaining-xdn9m0cl.png Fig. 6. SEM at two magnifications (i) and (ii) of immunostaining of hASCs cultured onto micropatterned PBS surfaces after (A) 1 day and (B) 3 days of culture: cell cytoskeleton stained red with phalloidin and cell nucleus counterstained blue with DAPI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-influence-of-the-various-process-parameters-on-the-1iizoa0z.png Fig. 2. Influence of the various process parameters on the fabrication of PBS microfeatures. SEM of PBS microfeatures using (A) two different temperatures, (B) two different polymer concentrations and (C) two different solvents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sem-of-pbs-microfeatures-using-20-different-pdms-1ab3epi8.png Fig. 3. (A) SEM of PBS microfeatures using 20 different PDMS molds. (B) Dimensions in lm of the groove and ridge of the engineered micropatterns of PBS (n = 4) and (C) calculated ratio between the groove and ridge size of the micropatterned PBS surfaces (arrows depict the selected patterns for the biological studies). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-viability-of-hascs-cultured-onto-micropatterned-pbs-1ot4djbt.png Fig. 4. Viability of hASCs cultured onto micropatterned PBS surfaces after 1 and 3 days of culture (⁄P < 0.05 when compared to day 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dna-content-of-hascs-cultured-onto-micropatterned-pbs-m34s83oi.png Fig. 5. DNA content of hASCs cultured onto micropatterned PBS surfaces after 1 and 3 days of culture (control corresponds to the non-patterned PBS surface, significantly different samples: #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 when compared to the respective surface at day 3; ⁄P < 0.05, ⁄⁄P < 0.01, ⁄⁄⁄P < 0.001 when compared to the control of day 3). https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-nano-crystalline-doped-ceramic-enabled-fiber-1bvq6rtn2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measurement-of-fiber-3jm3avjg.png Figure 3 Measurement of fiber https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-shifts-in-the-lpfg-resonance-wavelength-as-a-13rqdj1t.png Figure 28 Shifts in the LPFG resonance wavelength as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-lpfg-transmission-spectrum-at-various-ambient-5llils6s.png Figure 27 LPFG transmission spectrum at various ambient temperatures. The LPFG had a period of 500 μm and was fabricated using Corning SMF-28 single mode fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-50-tem-observations-of-a-sdc-ysz-hetero-phase-film-3oj9taj5.png Figure 50. TEM observations of a SDC/YSZ hetero-phase film cross section. (a) TEM image; (b) STEM Z-contrast mapping (contrast inverted for better observations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-45-center-wavelength-of-the-zeolite-coated-sms-fiber-1d8k7wid.png Figure 45 Center wavelength of the zeolite-coated SMS fiber ring laser as a function of ethanol vapor concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-61-sem-images-of-the-silicalite-coated-lpgf-left-26my68bp.png Figure 61. SEM images of the silicalite coated LPGF (left: surface; right: cross-section). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-66-resonant-wavelength-as-a-function-of-co-2jb1uobf.png Figure 66 Resonant wavelength as a function of CO concenration in CO2 at 550 o C and 1 atm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-the-grating-spectra-evolution-of-lp010-mode-in-3vg4ezg5.png Figure 21 The grating spectra evolution of LP010 mode in respond to surrounding refractive index change (1.27~1.38) (top); the transmission power (TP LPFG) curve at different RI liquids (bottom left); the transmission power linear part at spectral RI range (bottom right) https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-reduced-gluten-wheat-enabled-by-determination-bsczkfet9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sds-page-of-bomi-and-lys3a-barley-endosperm-38xka8a7.png Figure 1. SDS-PAGE of Bomi and lys3a barley endosperm hordeins (A) and appearance of seeds (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bsr-seq-localizes-lys3a-to-chromosome-5h-10u50u4w.png Figure 2. BSR-seq localizes lys3a to chromosome 5H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sds-page-of-wheat-prolamins-from-parental-cultivar-34qsfeno.png Figure 5. SDS PAGE of wheat prolamins from parental cultivar Express and from WPBF mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-of-novel-tilling-alleles-found-in-wpbf-k3vrazcz.png Figure 4. Overview of novel TILLING alleles found in WPBF homoeologs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-novel-tilling-alleles-in-a-b-and-d-genome-lrs1q78z.png Table 1. Numbers of novel TILLING alleles in A, B, and D genome WPBF homoeologs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sds-page-of-wheat-prolamins-from-multiple-genotypic-268oyr7x.png Figure 6. SDS PAGE of wheat prolamins from multiple genotypic classes of WPBF mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alignment-of-cereal-pbf-proteins-30w3xukm.png Figure 3. Alignment of cereal PBF proteins https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-strength-and-yield-criteria-based-on-the-1bydviemsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-curve-fig-2-e-p-curve-2qbcs38b.png Fig. 1. ~ curve. Fig. 2. e p curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-p-curve-from-fig-3-fig-6-e-p-curve-from-fig-4-1ykhr40w.png Fig. 5. e p curve from Fig. 3. Fig. 6. e p curve from Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-z-z-curve-under-combined-loads-fig-4-t-t-curve-under-keeen2qq.png Fig. 3. z z~ curve under combined loads. Fig. 4. t t~ curve under combined loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-triaxial-stress-strain-curve-of-marble-test-14-fig-8-e-1api6s00.png Fig. 7. Triaxial stress–strain curve of marble test [14]. Fig. 8. e p curve of marble [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sketch-map-of-e-p-curve-vpb3b990.png Fig. 9. Sketch map of e p curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-e-p-curves-of-the-maximum-principal-strain-under-1g546sol.png Fig. 10. The e p curves of the maximum principal strain under simple loading conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-triaxial-test-of-fangshan-marble-39imhx3w.png Fig. 11. Triaxial test of Fangshan marble. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-the-pactiter-code-and-its-application-to-4nq6ntezqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-iter-limits-and-project-guidelines-for-ore-doses-1k41rils.png Table 2 – ITER limits and project guidelines for ORE doses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-iter-phts-cooling-loop-material-average-release-rate-2zsnwixp.png Table 3 – ITER PHTS cooling loop material average release rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-corele-test-measured-release-rates-3vfag4nd.png Table 7 – CORELE test - Measured release rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-corele-test-activation-products-of-the-main-element-3gummstb.png Table 6 – CORELE test – Activation products of the main element of the tubes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-corele-test-composition-of-the-used-ss316l-tubes-2mppa12t.png Table 5 – CORELE test – composition of the used SS316L tubes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-operating-conditions-for-simulated-iter-tests-in-the-3rrm68kw.png Table 4 – Operating conditions for simulated ITER tests in the CORELE loop https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-iter-project-release-guidelines-10-3i3gi4dy.png Table 1 – ITER project release guidelines [10] https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-corele-test-thermal-hydraulic-parameters-378gz2lk.png Table 8 – CORELE test - Thermal-hydraulic parameters https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-two-phase-flow-regime-specific-pressure-drop-1yn4b5pepp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emphasizing-how-many-data-points-from-across-the-30kj1npl.png Table 2. Emphasizing how many data points from across the literature have C values substantially higher than expected based on various criteria for C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chisholm-parameter-from-english-and-kandlikar-37-ce-9hjngg30.png Table 3. Chisholm parameter from English and Kandlikar [37] (CE-K) compared to minimum, maximum, and average C for all the data considered here (non-uniform approach from Eq. 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-two-phase-flow-multiplier-as-a-funciton-of-current-aa0uu7yg.png Fig. 3. a) Two-phase flow multiplier as a funciton of current density for the active fuel cell data in the literature [1-4] b) Calculated value of C for the data in (a) based on Eq. 4 and the χ2 values in Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-averaged-value-of-the-non-uniform-c-value-at-each-2zj8uatm.png Fig. 8. The averaged value of the non-uniform C value at each current density for each flow regime (accumulating, slug, film, ‘single’ phase). The dashed line is a proposed fit for C as a function of current density for that flow regime. These expressions are listed in Table 4. The circled data represents values inconsistent with expectation and/or with substantially high standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-two-phase-flow-multiplier-calculation-for-each-flow-1ge48pqd.png Fig. 10. Two-phase flow multiplier calculation for each flow regime (accumulating, slug, droplet, and ‘single’ phase) based on the proposed correlations of C at χ2 = 0.001 and χ2 =0.03. The error bars are based on +/- 50% in the calculated value of C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-all-the-data-considered-in-this-paper-1-4-in-terms-1bk8axe1.png Fig. 5 a) All the data considered in this paper [1-4] in terms of the gas and liquid velocities. The flow regime domains (slug, film, ‘single’ phase) are defined by the correlation provided by Hussaini and Wang [1] b) The value of C calculated for each flow regime and averaged at each current density. Also included is a previously derived correlation from [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-for-the-data-collected-here-from-1-4-1fjvxne5.png Table 1. Conditions for the data collected here from [1-4] highlighting the operating conditions (temperature, pressure, relative humidity, gas stoichiometry), fuel cell design (active area, flow channel design), and cathode gas diffusion layer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-fuel-cell-architecture-with-gas-channels-for-1jcn9ooe.png Fig. 1. a) Typical fuel cell architecture with gas channels for air or oxygen (cathode) and hydrogen (anode), respectively. The membrane, catalysts, and porous diffusion media (GDLs) are also shown (not to scale) b) A visualization fuel cell using metallic flow field channels and an optically transparent top plate c) The same flow field channel under various conditions showing the main flow patterns in an active fuel cell [1; Modified and printed with permission from Elsevier] d) A flow regime map based on gas and liquid velocities showing slug, droplet/film, and a single-phase region [1; Modified and printed with permission from Elsevier] https://scispace.com/papers/development-through-empowerment-delivering-effective-public-2aiynkbaky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-change-in-the-world-governance-index-2h3kjeba.png Figure 1: Average Change in the World Governance Index between 2004–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-routes-of-accountability-2004-wf1dg75o.png Figure 3: Routes of accountability (2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subnational-differences-in-government-effectiveness-34nbbmw1.png Table 1: Subnational Differences in Government Effectiveness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-regional-world-governance-index-score-in-3b0g9liq.png Figure 2: Average Regional World Governance Index Score in 2011 https://scispace.com/papers/developmental-exposure-to-bisphenol-a-alters-the-1fwx15g1cs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antibodies-used-for-immunohistochemistry-gkxjk86n.png Table 1.Antibodies used for Immunohistochemistry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-perinatal-exposure-to-bpa-on-p63-366uvbqi.png Figure 7. Effect of perinatal exposure to BPA on p63 expression in the uterus of PND460-E2 rats. (A-B) Relative Tap63 and ΔNp63 mRNA levels measured by realtime RT-PCR. Samples were normalized to 18S expression and to control animals; a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-perinatal-exposure-to-bpa-on-the-uterine-3e9pwxek.png Figure 3. Effects of perinatal exposure to BPA on the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium of adult rats (PND360). (A) Representative photomicrographs showing normal thickened uterine epithelium at estrus of BPA-vehicle rats (double arrow). In animals exposed to BPA (B-C) we observed regions with reduced thickness of the https://scispace.com/papers/developmental-study-of-anatomical-substrate-for-conditioned-1ateadxhee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-outline-of-the-development-of-l-stagnalis-the-numerals-3f6qkr5f.png Fig. 1. Outline of the development of L. stagnalis. The numerals expressed in mm are the shell lengths. St.: embryonic stage according to Meshcheryakov’s criteria (1990). The buccal ganglia are connected by their commissure at St. 24; the cerebral ganglia connected at St. 22. Feeding response starts at St. 25. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is acquired from St. 29. A long-term memory is used to maintain the CTA from immatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-of-the-cns-a-dorsal-view-of-the-head-b-dorsal-dkhos88g.png Fig. 2. Diagrams of the CNS. (A) Dorsal view of the head. (B) Dorsal view of the isolated CNS. The CNS consists of 11 ganglia. BG: buccal ganglia, CG: cerebral ganglia. A: anterior, P: posterior, R: right, L: left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-drawings-of-the-buccal-and-cerebral-ganglia-3pbzbyg2.png Fig. 4. Schematic drawings of the buccal and cerebral ganglia in the developmental stages. (A) St. 24, (B) St. 25, (C) St. 29, (D) adult. BG: buccal ganglia, CG: cerebral ganglia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-increase-in-the-numbers-of-cells-and-that-in-the-ul5yp9e6.png Fig. 5. Increase in the numbers of cells and that in the volumes of the buccal and cerebral ganglia. The shell lengths of 0.4 mm, 0.7 mm, 1.2 mm, 2 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm correspond to St. 24, St. 25, St. 29 embryos, juveniles, immatures, and adults, respectively. (A) Number of cells in a pair of buccal ganglia. (B) Volume of a pair of buccal ganglia. (C) Number of cells in a pair of cerebral ganglia. (D) Volume of a pair of cerebral ganglia. Dotted curves are suitable saturation curves and parabolas. Note that the unit for the volume is arbitrary (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-azan-stained-horizontal-sections-of-the-buccal-bg-and-seeim1cz.png Fig. 3. Azan-stained horizontal sections of the buccal (BG) and cerebral ganglia (CG) in a St. 24 embryo (A), a St. 25 embryo (B), a St. 29 embryo (C), a juvenile (D), an immature (E), and an adult (F). All the pictures were viewed from the ventral side. The nuclei were stained dark red; the cytoplasm was light red; the neuropile was blue. Cerebral commissure is pointed by an arrow in (A). https://scispace.com/papers/devolatilization-of-subducting-slabs-part-ii-volatile-fluxes-t4w0bzq219 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-co2-left-panels-a-c-e-g-and-i-and-h2o-right-panels-2qhsqln4.png Figure 6. CO2 (left panels: a, c, e, g and i) and H2O (right panels: b, d, f, h and j) fluxes along the slab surface as a function of fluid flow direction (𝜃). Note that the panels (e and f) in the middle row are the fluxes from the reference model in section 4.2. Cyan dashed lines mark the starting position of slab mantle devolatilization and this convention applies in the succeeding figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-differences-in-co2-left-panels-a-c-and-e-and-h2o-beh4o4og.png Figure 10. Differences in CO2 (left panels: a, c, and e) and H2O (right panels: b, d, and f) loss relative to the reference model, caused by various initial H2O content in the slab mantle. The percentage values are relative to the initial rock volatile content, as in Figure 5. Red color corresponds to enhanced volatile loss or diminished volatile gain, whereas blue color corresponds to diminished loss or enhanced gain. Note that the thin vertical black dashed lines in (a) and (b) mark the onset of dehydration in hydrated slab mantle for the reference model and are plotted here for better comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-for-the-closed-system-model-left-panels-a-c-2jakngg7.png Figure 3. Results for the closed-system model. Left panels (a, c and e) are for results on CO2, and right panels (b, d and f) are for H2O. Horizontal dashed lines (white or black) mark the lithological interfaces, and long vertical dashed lines mark the position where the basal serpentinized upper mantle starts to devolatilize. Divergent colormaps (blue-white-red) are used for panels (e) and (f) where red color corresponds to positive values (volatile loss) and blue color corresponds to negative values (volatile gain). Volatile loss (or gain) in (e) and (f) is calculated relative to its content on the left boundary. Succeeding figures adopt the same line, arrow and color conventions. The brown line and red triangle at the base of each panel have the same meaning as in Figure 2, but are placed at the panel base to avoid cluttering the display of the top sedimentary layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-differences-in-a-co2-and-b-h2o-loss-or-gain-between-1n38xdtp.png Figure 5. Differences in (a) CO2 and (b) H2O loss (or gain) between the open- and closed-system models. The difference is calculated by rock CO2 or H2O loss in the open system minus that in the closed system, and percentage values are relative to the initial rock volatile content. Note that, unlike in Figures 3 and 4, red color means enhanced loss or diminished gain, whereas blue color means diminished loss or enhanced gain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-slab-surface-co2-left-panels-a-c-e-and-g-and-h2o-v9yn4hsj.png Figure 9. Slab surface CO2 (left panels: a, c, e, and g) and H2O (right panels: b, d, f, and h) fluxes as a function of initial H2O content in the basal layer. The reference model (section 4.2) contains 1 wt% H2O and its results are plotted in panels (c) and (d) for comparison. The cyan dashed lines mark the onset of dehydration of this basal layer. Note the increase of y-axis scales in the lower panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-showing-the-model-geometry-and-boundary-21p756fm.png Figure 1. Sketch showing the model geometry and boundary conditions. (a) The geodynamic setting of our model. It shows that the model assumes a fixed slab dipping angle and the slab acts like a rigid plate that does not deform. A red triangle denotes the position of arc volcano. (b) The modeled slab domain. The x and z axes are respectively parallel and normal to the slab extension; this coordinate system is used in all the succeeding figures displaying the entire slab. The slab lithologically consists of four representative rock types as detailed in the legend. Solid velocities within the slab are uniformly set to slab convergence rate (vs). 𝜃 is the angle between the x-axis and the uniform fluid flow direction. Notations of symbols are listed in Table 1 and details on the initial and boundary conditions are provided in section 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-representative-illustration-of-the-a-p-and-b-t-2mo246lk.png Figure 2. A representative illustration of the (a) P and (b) T structure for a 10 Ma slab. A convergence rate of 5 cm/yr and a slab dip of 45◦ are used. The x-axis starts from ∼70 km because we assume that the overriding plate (Figure 1) has a 50-km-thick lithosphere which corresponds to ∼70 km for the starting position of the slab immediately below it. The solid brown line in (a) draws the global range of arc positions projected onto slab surface (Syracuse and Abers, 2006), and the red triangle marks the site of the average position (∼150 km); the same convention is used in the following figures. Note that the vertical and horizontal scales are different due to the high aspect ratio of the modeled slab. White dashed lines are a reference direction perpendicular to slab extension and solid white arrows denote the direction of gravity in the stretched domain; the same line and arrow conventions apply in the succeeding figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-co2-left-panels-a-c-e-g-and-i-and-h2o-right-panels-115fvz9n.png Figure 8. CO2 (left panels: a, c, e, g and i) and H2O (right panels: b, d, f, h and j) fluxes along the surfaces of slabs with different ages. The result from the reference model with a 10 Ma slab is also plotted in the top row for comparison. Note the shift of the position for the onset of slab mantle devolatilization and the flux peak associated with it. Also note that the y-axis scales decrease from top row to bottom for CO2 fluxes. https://scispace.com/papers/device-for-dispersal-of-micrometer-and-submicrometer-sized-2bxfdr1sio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-kaolin-0-1-0-4-pm-microparticles-2ozh3m34.png FIG. 3. Histogram of kaolin (0.1-0.4 pm) microparticles dispersed in vacuum by dusting apparatus with different screens on final stage of duster. (a) 250-1pi screen, (b) 500-1pi screen, and (e) 2000-lpi screen. Pneumatic driver operated at f~ 50 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-schematic-of-dusting-device-when-mounted-in-uci-q-17f4kppv.png FIG. I. Schematic of dusting device when mounted in UCI Q-rnachinc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detail-of-dust-chambers-duster-1jezol8h.png FIG. 2. Detail of dust chambers (duster). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-here-n-is-the-plasma-density-t-is-temperature-b-is-1ckti49e.png Fig. 1. Here n is the plasma density, T is temperature, B is magnetic field strength, and Vd is the plasma drift velocity. The plasma was created by contact ionization of barium atomic vapor on an incandescently-heated rhenium/ tungsten disk (diameter 5 em). The plasma drifted from the hot plate with velocity vd' past the vertical dust stream, and terminated on a metallic, electrically floating cold plate roughly 1 m from the plasma source. https://scispace.com/papers/dexterous-manipulation-with-compliant-grasps-and-external-4j0nfgvpvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-estimator-and-controller-parameters-for-the-24g75t41.png TABLE I: Estimator and controller parameters for the manipulation and pivoting experiments, with the range for the desired values. Radapt refers to the assumed process model covariance with stiffness adaptation, and Rno adapt refers to the one without it. Γmanip and Γpivot refer respectively to the controller gains for the manipulation and pivoting experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-object-manipulation-without-force-control-the-robot-32b77c88.png Fig. 8: Object manipulation without force control. The robot pivots the object into the desired pose, without rotating its end-effector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-object-manipulation-with-force-control-the-red-bar-is-rgxbzy9s.png Fig. 7: Object manipulation with force control. The red bar is the projection of the object pose estimate on the camera frame. The pink bar shows the computed ground truth, and the green bar is the object target pose. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pr2-robot-manipulating-an-object-under-a-compliant-15xp1ss2.png Fig. 1: PR2 robot manipulating an object under a compliant grasp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-when-the-system-is-controlling-the-contact-force-the-3j3seh89.png Fig. 10: When the system is controlling the contact force, the torque at the gripping point can be maintained within pre-determined ranges. When the stiffness can be previously estimated for those ranges, there is no clear advantage in allowing the system to adapt the spring constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-obtained-for-the-manipulation-experiments-1zk9hulj.png Fig. 9: Results obtained for the manipulation experiments, without stiffness adaptation. Each grey plot is the result of one experiment execution, while the black plot represents the average of all the consecutive runs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-if-the-gripper-allows-for-a-rotational-degree-of-205konlf.png Fig. 3: If the gripper allows for a rotational degree of freedom between manipulator and grasped object, the same manipulation task can be achieved with smaller joint movements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-under-a-rigid-grasp-a-manipulation-task-such-as-18qdhr97.png Fig. 2: Under a rigid grasp, a manipulation task such as reorienting an object against a surface requires significant rearrangement of the manipulator configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/diabetes-and-stroke-2oxmivc2xy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-antidiabetes-drugs-and-stroke-risk-data-36z2ei63.png Table 1: Summary of antidiabetes drugs and stroke risk data https://scispace.com/papers/diabetic-foot-infection-causative-pathogens-and-empiric-7tt8hlpb76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resistance-profile-of-the-most-common-and-resistant-e2wv37kt.png Table 2. Resistance Profile of the Most Common and Resistant Isolated Pathogens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empiric-antibiotic-comparison-accordingly-to-the-1bwzlvh3.png Table 3. Empiric Antibiotic Comparison Accordingly to the Pathogens Isolated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isolated-microorganisms-fm8m9hij.png Table 1. Isolated Microorganisms. https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostic-accuracy-of-upper-limb-neurodynamic-tests-for-the-2qsx2to6e8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-grade-assessment-of-evidence-cr-382-2vbo8c0l.png Table 6. GRADE assessment of evidence (CR) 382 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-grade-assessment-of-evidence-cts-384-jbywf3se.png Table 7. GRADE assessment of evidence (CTS) 384 https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostic-efficacy-of-rapid-antigen-testing-for-sars-cov-2-olssyrxgjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diagnostic-performance-of-two-commercial-rdts-for-3bpzduj3.png Table 3. Diagnostic performance of two commercial RDTs for SARS-Cov-2 antigen (part 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-for-rrt-pcr-proven-sars2-cov-2-infection-10omqd56.png Table 2. Risk for rRT-PCR-proven SARS2-Cov-2 infection according to clinical characteristics in 2215 participants of the COVAG study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predictors-of-positive-rdts-amongst-sars-cov-2-21carjzm.png Table 4. Predictors of positive RDTs amongst SARS-CoV-2-positive samples in a multivariate model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-false-positive-and-false-negative-results-1tqbdikd.png Table 5. Number of false-positive and false-negative results in a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 people tested with the Roche-RDT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-the-2215-participants-in-m3gybbi5.png Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the 2215 participants in the COVAG study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-false-positive-and-false-negative-results-1itg35i0.png Table 5. Number of false-positive and false-negative results in a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 people tested with the Roche-RDT. https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostic-et-aide-dans-un-environnement-d-apprentissage-3cl6so0fb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exemple-d-enonce-23limkns.png Figure 1. Exemple d'énoncé https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cadre-de-dialogue-pour-indiquer-un-but-2qxokavw.png Figure 6. Cadre de dialogue pour indiquer un but https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-outils-de-declaration-20i5ig6h.png Figure 7. Outils de déclaration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-aide-sur-le-concept-de-quantite-de-matiere-6e9pft86.png Figure 20. Aide sur le concept de quantité de matière, comportant texte et graphique interactif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-presentation-du-plan-fixer-c2-lfinhyc1.png Figure 21. Présentation du plan FIXER-C2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-exemple-de-conseil-de-redaction-1jpo9el0.png Figure 22. Exemple de conseil de rédaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-systeme-chimique-correspondant-a-la-reaction-de-l-1r6tqf3o.png Figure 11. Système chimique correspondant à la réaction de l'acide chlorhydrique sur le zinc https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-histogramme-du-nombre-d-actions-classe-de-seconde-hbvonb6q.png Figure 28. Histogramme du nombre d'actions (classe de Seconde, première séance) https://scispace.com/papers/diagonalization-of-the-length-sensing-matrix-of-a-dual-1t0m5k2x3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-schematic-of-the-rse-interferometer-2om1kl5e.png FIG. 1 (color online). The schematic of the RSE interferometer optical configuration. The power-recycling mirror (PRM) is placed between the beam splitter and the laser source to enhance the circulating laser power inside the interferometer, whereas the signal-extraction mirror (SEM) is placed between the beam splitter and the dark port to enhance the detector response, which makes the whole interferometer system more complex. The length degrees of freedom and the control signal-extraction ports https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-length-sensing-matrix-of-preliminary-control-3rxkgfom.png TABLE II. The length sensing matrix of preliminary control design for LCGT [15]. Five signals are extracted from each port, using the particular demodulation scheme with some demodulation phase(s) (shown in degree) to provide appropriate error signals. The matrix elements are normalized so that the diagonal elements become unity. The simulation software FINESSE was used to calculate the matrix elements. This design was also based on a doublemodulation and demodulation scheme, but with different optical and modulation parameters. There were significant admixtures of the p degree of freedom to the extracted signals for and s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-numerical-results-of-the-length-sensing-matrix-1akg8wop.png TABLE III. The numerical results of the length sensing matrix with the newly proposed sensing scheme. The numerical results using FINESSE software are also listed in bold form. Design values for LCGT were used for this calculation as optical parameters; r1 r3 0:996 000, r2 r4 0:999 950, rp 0:80, and rs 0:77. Throughout these calculations, the interferometer was assumed to be lossless for simplicity. The delocation ldel was chosen to give an optimized signal size [14], which corresponds to the delocation phase 1 0:216 and 2 1:296 . The important contrast is that the signals for p, , and s are now almost completely separated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-resonant-conditions-for-optical-fields-d5zp9ckw.png FIG. 2 (color online). Resonant conditions for optical fields, carrier, and modulation sidebands. Optical fields are color coded. The legend in the upper left indicates the order of the fields, entering the interferometer from the left (laser). The carrier field resonates inside both arm cavities and the power-recycling cavity, which gives enhanced response to gravitational wave signals. The phase modulation is designed to circulate inside the power-recycling and the signal-extraction cavity, whereas the amplitude modulation circulates only inside the power-recycling cavity. The central part of RSE, the dual-recycled Michelson interferometer, can be viewed as a coupled cavity, as is shown in the lower figure. The coupling connecting the two cavities is indicated by a plane mirror representing the Michelson interferometer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-schematic-of-the-idea-delocation-the-2fsscmf7.png FIG. 3 (color online). The schematic of the idea ‘‘Delocation.’’ The same color coding and legend as in Fig. 2 are used. The goal is to make (only) one of the modulations slightly off-resonant inside the cavity. By giving the same amount of macroscopic displacements to PRM and SEM, only AM sidebands will be detuned inside the power-recycling cavity, without affecting the PM sidebands and of course the carrier. The translation to the coupled cavity is also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/diarrhoea-morbidity-differentials-among-children-in-pakistan-3iynfss4g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prevalence-rate-of-fig-2-prevalence-rate-of-diarrhoea-3u586tu2.png Fig. 1. Prevalence Rate (%) of Fig. 2. Prevalence Rate (%) of Diarrhoea Morbidity by Diarrhoea Morbidity by Age Controlling for Gender Age Controlling for Gender (Rural Areas). (Urban Areas). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-of-suffering-from-diarrhoea-by-age-of-im7nxe4w.png Fig. 3. Probability of Suffering from Diarrhoea, By Age of Child and Duration of Diarrhoea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-26s4zp2c.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2q7xsc86.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/papers/die-anatomie-des-frosches-ein-handbuch-fur-physiologen-arzte-of3tr83mdx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3dst3sps.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-91-e9wljxwv.png Fig. 91. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-71-der-knochernen-scapula-und-des-os-coracoideiun-von-5gi4a4d7.png Fig. 71. der knöchernen Scapula und des OS coracoideiun von einer Knochenleiste, die, auf dem letzteren https://scispace.com/figures/fig-46-ct9hpt65.png Fig. 46. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-13xd704c.png Fig. 17. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-ls94tfkc.png Fig. 35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2o-23vt5p2d.png Fig. 2ö. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-2ynci135.png Fig. 15. https://scispace.com/papers/did-unilateral-divorce-laws-raise-divorce-rates-a-2pjmtgptsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-unilateral-divorce-laws-on-the-stock-of-31s6j6hn.png Table 3: Effects of Unilateral Divorce Laws on the Stock of Divorces – Census Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-long-run-effects-of-unilateral-divorce-laws-2lstjhcp.png Table 4: Long-Run Effects of Unilateral Divorce Laws https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-testing-1lhn96uc.png Table 5: Robustness Testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-friedbergs-results-161p5w9j.png Table 1: Friedberg’s Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dynamic-effects-of-adopting-unilateral-divorce-laws-1wq2jq0p.png Table 2: Dynamic Effects of Adopting Unilateral Divorce Laws https://scispace.com/papers/die-flora-der-deutschen-schutzgebiete-in-der-sudsee-von-karl-1hkz09cbya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-271-f-32ikavou.png Fig. 271 F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-16-2z50g7li.png Fig. 1—16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-72-var-grun-in-k-seh-fl-kais-wilhelmsl-1-kaiser-1t38gqqe.png Fig. 72. — Var. Grün, in K. Seh. Fl. Kais. Wilhelmsl. 1. Kaiser Wilhelmsland: Finschhafen, auf Lyngbya majuscula https://scispace.com/papers/dielectric-response-spectrum-of-a-damped-one-dimensional-upyetdkuyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-coefficient-a-t-x-for-a-number-of-ternary-2lbtlfce.png TABLE I. Coefficient A = T , / X ; for a number of ternary ferroelectric compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dielectric-response-as-a-function-of-frequency-for-3v7kfpzf.png FIG. 3. Dielectric response as a function of frequency for temperatures far below T, =400 K. (a) Imaginary component, (b) real component. Values of T - Tc / are 1 , 150 K; 2, 100 K; 3, 50 K; 4, 10 K. https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-bovine-milk-exosomes-elicit-changes-in-microbial-37n43m54km 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-permanova-analysis-of-the-effect-of-diet-age-and-sex-1z961kit.png TABLE 1 PERMANOVA analysis of the effect of diet, age and sex on microbial communities in the cecum of mice. https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-effects-on-nontraditional-risk-factors-for-heart-416nor9vxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-risk-of-sudden-death-across-quartiles-of-1m202a08.png Fig. 1. Relative risk of sudden death across quartiles of blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids from the Physicians Health Study [16]. Numbers by bars are average percentages of n-3 fatty acids in blood of subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-typical-northern-european-and-north-3k6yia7g.png Table 1 Comparison of typical northern European and North American diet with common elements of a traditional Mediterranean diet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-pathway-of-hemostasis-positive-and-negative-xaivbvi1.png Fig. 2. Simplified pathway of hemostasis. Positive and negative dietary modifiers of components and pathways are shown with gray arrows. MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-effects-of-a-mediterranean-diet-and-q5cejk79.png Table 2 Summary of the effects of a Mediterranean diet and additional factors on non-traditional risk factors of heart disease https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pathways-of-homocysteine-and-sulfur-amino-acid-1dce573l.png Fig. 3. Pathways of homocysteine and sulfur amino acid metabolism. B vitamins involved in enzymatic steps are indicated by arrows. CH2 = methylene; CH3 = methyl; THF = tetrahydrofolate. https://scispace.com/papers/differences-in-african-banking-systems-causes-and-5h2pw53tk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-institutional-determinants-of-banking-system-vm1x790s.png Table 5: Institutional determinants of banking system development with government quality indicators and share of government spending in GDP (CRE model estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-institutional-determinants-of-banking-system-185isi2w.png Table 4: Institutional determinants of banking system development (CRE model estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-legal-traditions-colonial-3g0g6v26.png Table 3: Relationship between legal traditions, colonial settlement type and investor/creditor protection (CRE model estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-legal-traditions-classifications-ci3gu5gm.png Table 2: Legal traditions classifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-description-1xxzsk5n.png Table 1: Variables description https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-intakes-and-food-sources-of-fatty-acids-for-belgian-4glq0tgqrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ratio-of-the-intake-of-la-versus-lna-and-of-the-3eic5vem.png TABLE 4 Ratio of the Intake of LA versus LNA and of the Intake of n-6 PUFA versus n-3 PUFA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intake-of-energy-total-fat-and-the-three-different-3cq282dl.png TABLE 2 Intake of Energy, Total Fat, and the Three Different FA Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intakes-of-individual-pufa-1ja6lu22.png TABLE 3 Intakes of Individual PUFA https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-food-sources-for-total-fat-and-the-three-fa-groups-266ndp1t.png TABLE 5 Food Sources for Total Fat and the Three FA Groups (% of Contribution) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recommended-daily-intakes-of-fat-and-fa-formulated-xy2k7ety.png TABLE 1 Recommended Daily Intakes of Fat and FA, Formulated by the Belgian Health Council (10)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-contribution-of-food-sources-to-n-6-and-n-3-pufa-j6yvoevv.png TABLE 6 Contribution of Food Sources to n-6 and n-3 PUFA Intakes (% of the Total Intake of Each FA Brought by Each Food Group: Means of the Whole Population Sample) https://scispace.com/papers/differences-in-net-primary-productivity-among-contrasting-2mncr5b9yj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vertical-distribution-of-root-npp-density-for-two-3mgy3m1l.png Figure 4. Vertical distribution of root NPP density for two contrasting size classes in Artemisia ordosica communities under different habitats in Ordos Plateau. Error bars represent 6 1 SE (n5 18). NPP indicates net primary production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-soil-organic-carbon-density-socd-left-at-1-m-depth-1q2pq9nm.png Figure 5. Soil organic carbon density (SOCd, left) at 1 m depth and soil microbial biomass C (Cmic, right) in the 0–10 cm soil layer in Artemisia ordosica communities of different habitats in Ordos Plateau. Error bars represent 6 1 SE (n5 12), and the same letters indicate no significant differences between means of certain variables at P, 0.05 by LSD test. LSD indicates least significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fine-root-a-npp-and-b-turnover-rates-of-two-15bjdwe8.png Figure 3. Fine root a, NPP and b, turnover rates of two diameter classes in Artemisia ordosica communities of different habitats in Ordos Plateau. Error bars represent 6 1 SE (n5 18), and different letters indicate significant differences of means between habitats at P, 0.05 by LSD test. NPP indicates net primary production; LSD, least significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-seasonal-pattern-of-biomass-density-in-artemisia-1lgw743g.png Figure 1. Seasonal pattern of biomass density in Artemisia ordosica communities of different habitats in Ordos Plateau in 2005. Error bars represent 6 1 SE (n5 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-above-and-belowground-npp-columns-and-belowground-5m6tybmi.png Figure 2. Above- and belowground NPP (columns) and belowground NPP to total NPP (RMRN, line) in Artemisia ordosica communities of different habitats in Ordos Plateau. Vertical bars represent 6 1 SE (n5 3), and different letters indicate significant differences of means for the same variables between habitats at P, 0.05 by LSD test. NPP indicates net primary production; RMRN, ratio of root net primary product ion to total net pr imary production; LSD, least significant difference. https://scispace.com/papers/differences-in-the-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease-for-movers-2chjk6tkh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-population-by-mover-status-and-ethnic-group-1nkj19yc.png Table 1 Study Population by Mover Status and Ethnic group (VIEW study, 2006-2014, New Zealand) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hazard-ratios-for-residential-mobility-status-and-1z4wtvrp.png Table 2 Hazard ratios for residential mobility status and mover type by ethnic group, New Zealand (VIEW study, 2006-2014, New Zealand) https://scispace.com/papers/different-effects-of-lockdown-on-public-health-and-economy-orn241q82i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-impact-of-lockdown-on-i7gcpy6q.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the impact of lockdown on public health, period AprilAugust 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-values-and-average-variation-of-confirmed-3thohqa1.png Figure 1. Average values and average variation of confirmed cases/population (%) over April-August 2020 in countries with shorter and longer period of lockdown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-values-and-average-variation-of-fatality-2taukppk.png Figure 2. Average values and average variation of fatality rate (%) over April-August 2020 in countries with shorter and longer period of lockdown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impact-of-national-covid-19-lockdown-on-environment-2uml6la0.png Figure 5. Impact of national COVID-19 lockdown on environment, public health and economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-independent-samples-test-for-the-impact-of-lockdown-2k1z5hql.png Table 2. Independent Samples Test for the impact of lockdown on public health https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-group-statistics-for-gdp-aggregates-1zrimbhv.png Table 6. Group statistics for GDP aggregates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-independent-samples-test-for-the-impact-of-lockdown-b6pk442k.png Table 7. Independent Samples Test for the impact of lockdown on economy of countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mann-whitney-test-for-the-impact-of-lockdown-on-7d2vn9nc.png Table 4. Mann-Whitney Test for the impact of lockdown on public health https://scispace.com/papers/different-core-hole-lifetime-and-screening-in-the-surface-of-2709ulhe9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distinguishing-between-gaussian-and-lorentzian-3rtesjst.png FIG. 3. Distinguishing between Gaussian and Lorentzian broadening. The bottom panel shows a cut through the g surface of a least-squares analysis of the data in Fig. 1. For the purpose of this demonstration only, a common Gaussian width was used for both surface and bulk photopeaks, leaving the other parameters unconstrained. (The use of a common Gaussian width in these data is justified by the fact that the bulk and surface lines are so well separated. ) The corresponding natural Lorentzian widths and singularity indices are shown above. The clearly defined minimum in g demonstrates that the Lorentzian lifetime and Gaussian phonon broadenings are readily distinguishable in these data. https://scispace.com/papers/differential-quantitative-proteome-analysis-of-escherichia-15w92erxf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-central-carbon-metabolism-proteins-are-represented-kdbnxv6h.png Figure 2. Central carbon metabolism. Proteins are represented by encoding genes, node colors indicate relative expression values log2 acetate/glucose at protein (outside) and transcript level [4] inside. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-assessment-a-peptide-evidences-per-protein-kr6ofg7i.png Figure 1. Data assessment. (A) Peptide evidences per protein group identification (outer) and number of unique peptides supporting protein group quantification (inner circle). (B) Data before (gray) and after normalization (blue). (C) Volcano plot showing relative abundances of the selected 2099 E. coli proteins between cells grown on acetate and glucose. https://scispace.com/papers/diffuse-back-illuminated-extinction-imaging-of-soot-effects-cby2dl4usr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operating-conditions-355ldm3f.png Table 2. Operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-post-processing-procedure-of-images-from-camera-1-1m7bghcd.png Figure 5. Post-processing procedure of images from camera 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-i-kl-plot-with-the-optical-flow-method-ii-kl-plot-1i7pgp7j.png Figure 13. i) KL plot with the optical flow method, ii) KL plot with the two-camera method, iii) KL plot through central spray axis (black line), iv) KL uncertainty and v) normalized Itf and If for optical flow and two-camera method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intensity-distribution-from-the-diffuser-surface-1v19v9jj.png Figure 6. Intensity distribution from the diffuser surface. The collection area for f-stop f/1.2 and f/8.0 are shown. The un-refracted cases are shown as black circles, whilst the refracted cases are shown as red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-drawing-of-the-beam-steering-model-the-2jtj3441.png Figure 7. Schematic drawing of the beam steering model. The refracted and the un-refracted case are illustrated, with the displacement d between the collection areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometrical-information-of-the-oacic-16onqqxr.png Table 1. Geometrical information of the OACIC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-average-90th-percentile-of-the-flame-luminosity-2bkr5fyq.png Figure 9. The average 90th percentile of the flame luminosity absolute error during the quasi-steady period. https://scispace.com/papers/diffuse-optical-tomography-for-breast-cancer-imaging-guided-3plt963x23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-properties-and-geometry-dimensions-of-the-ynu2f6yu.png Table 1: Optical properties and geometry dimensions of the phantom for simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optical-properties-and-geometrical-dimensions-of-the-3fkky6hv.png Table 2 Optical properties and geometrical dimensions of the experimental phantoms. https://scispace.com/papers/diffuse-optical-tomography-with-a-priori-anatomical-5187c12hy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-reconstruction-with-spatially-shifted-prior-2waf6nmu.png Figure 4. (a) Reconstruction with spatially shifted prior information and exact mean values (b)with mean values µ1 = 0, µ2 = 0.3, µ3 = 0.12, (c) reconstruction with spatially accurate prior information and exact mean values, (d) LS solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-error-vs-iteration-number-plots-legend-is-given-on-1737gzyl.png Figure 5. Error vs. iteration number plots. Legend is given on the figures. Double-solid line, where available, denotes the error curve for the reconstruction with spatially accurate prior information formulation with exact mean values in the absence of noise. (a) Case 1, (b) Case 3, (c) Case 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-all-prior-information-formulations-are-based-on-7rxd8fnk.png Figure 3. All prior information formulations are based on exact mean values (a) SNR = 10dB, (b) SNR = 14dB, (c) Reconstruction without noise , (d) LS solution without noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-reconstructed-image-of-pixel-size-65-x-120-b-the-2e637zou.png Figure 8. (a) Reconstructed image of pixel size 65 × 120, (b) The corresponding error vs. iteration number curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-original-image-used-in-the-simulation-5e9jszfd.png Figure 1. The original image used in the simulation experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-setup-and-the-phantom-that-are-used-in-the-3dxizgrk.png Figure 6. The setup and the phantom that are used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-reconstructed-image-of-pixel-size-26-x-48-b-the-19kqrdxs.png Figure 7. (a) Reconstructed image of pixel size 26 × 48, (b) The corresponding error vs. iteration number curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-reconstruction-with-prior-information-3p3yr7so.png Figure 2. (a) The reconstruction with prior information formulation with µ1 = 0, µ2 = 0.45, µ3 = 0.2, (b) with LS solution, (c) The reconstruction with prior information formulation where µ1 = 0, µ2 = 0.3, µ3 = 0.12, (d) µ1 = 0, µ2 = 0.55, µ3 = 0.25. https://scispace.com/papers/diffuse-scattering-model-of-indoor-wideband-propagation-58yrzynux9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ray-paths-in-a-rectangular-room-dashed-direct-rays-1ttm2l9y.png Fig. 1. Ray paths in a rectangular room (dashed: direct rays from transmitter to segments, dotted: scattering between segments, continuous: rays from transmitter and segments towards receiver). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rice-factor-7-in-db-the-diffuse-power-6-the-total-17hiachc.png Fig. 5. Rice factor (7) in dB, the diffuse power (6), the total power (8), and the LOS power (5) versus log of distance in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relative-distribution-of-power-in-db-on-the-walls-of-15yqop1z.png Fig. 8. Relative distribution of power in dB on the walls of the 19×11×2.5 m room after 300 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impulse-responses-at-different-distances-from-the-1art08ss.png Fig. 9. Impulse responses at different distances from the transmitter at the center of the sphere with diameter 20 m. https://scispace.com/papers/diffusion-in-a-stochastic-magnetic-field-in-asdex-upgrade-ulj04kkyl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-poincare-plot-corresponding-to-perturbations-11-22-2bfvq6nh.png Figure 4. Poincare plot corresponding to perturbations (1,1)+(2,2)+(3,3). Here the (1,1) amplitude is 3 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-poincare-plot-corresponding-to-perturbations-11-22-gq6so0g7.png Figure 3. Poincare plot corresponding to perturbations (1,1)+(2,2)+(3,3). Here the (1,1) amplitude is 6 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-diffusion-coefficient-corresponding-to-2bpztsvl.png Figure 2. Local diffusion coefficient corresponding to Poincare plot shown in figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-temporal-dependence-of-the-averaged-value-of-the-3kg0wmk1.png Figure 11. Temporal dependence of the averaged value of the electron thermal diffusivity for different values of the parameter α in equation (13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-temporal-dependence-of-the-displacement-of-the-11-1prkqfmf.png Figure 10. Temporal dependence of the displacement of the (1,1) mode for different values of the parameter α in equation (13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-local-diffusion-coefficient-corresponding-to-3994d9ee.png Figure 5. Local diffusion coefficient corresponding to Poincare plot shown in figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-local-diffusion-coefficient-corresponding-to-2h0wdrf1.png Figure 6. Local diffusion coefficient corresponding to Poincare plot shown in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dots-are-averaged-values-of-the-electron-thermal-1qx90vr1.png Figure 9. Dots are averaged values of the electron thermal diffusivity calculated for the displacement ξ of the (1,1) mode equal to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6cm. The curve corresponds to the fit (12). https://scispace.com/papers/diffuse-x-ray-emitting-gas-in-major-mergers-2f1s4x1zb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-distance-vs-interaction-stage-galaxies-2ylicmi7.png Figure 2. Plot of distance vs. interaction stage. Galaxies containing a Seyfert nucleus are circled in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plot-of-the-best-fit-diffuse-lx-gas-lk-vs-3c9xgdn8.png Figure 8. Plot of the best-fit diffuse LX(gas)/LK vs. interaction stage (open black squares), including the uncertainty in LX/LK. The top panel gives the X-ray luminosities only corrected for Galactic absorption. The bottom panel includes internal absorption. The filled blue diamonds are the median values for each stage, slightly offset to the left. The error bars plotted on the median values are the semi-interquartile range, equal to half the difference between the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile. Upper limits above the median were not included in calculating the median. Galaxies containing a Seyfert nucleus are circled in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-panel-plot-of-lx-gas-lfir-vs-interaction-stage-y392zj6b.png Figure 9. Top panel: plot of LX(gas)/LFIR vs. interaction stage (open black squares). The X-ray luminosity in this plot has only been corrected for Galactic absorption, not for material within the host galaxy itself. Galaxies containing a Seyfert nucleus are circled in red. The galaxy with the highest LX/LFIR ratio is NGC 1700, which we classify as stage 7. Middle panel: plot of diffuse LX(gas)/SFR vs. interaction stage, where the X-ray luminosity has only been corrected for Galactic absorption. Bottom panel: plot of diffuse LX(gas)/SFR vs. interaction stage, where the X-ray luminosity has been corrected for absorption within the host galaxy itself, using the UV/mid-infrared ratio as described in the text. Note that the galaxy with the highest LX/LFIR and LX/SFR, the stage 7 system NGC 1700, is not plotted in the bottom panel since no UV data are available. In all panels, galaxies containing a Seyfert nucleus are circled in red. The filled blue diamonds are the median values for each stage, slightly offset to the left. The error bars plotted on the median values are the semi-interquartile range, equal to half the difference between the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile. Upper limits above the median were not included in calculating the median. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-panel-plot-of-log-lk-vs-interaction-stage-1fkxv3p6.png Figure 3. Top panel: plot of log(LK) vs. interaction stage. Middle panel: plot of log(LFIR) vs. interaction stage. Bottom panel: plot of log(LK/LFIR) vs. interaction stage. Galaxies containing a Seyfert nucleus are circled in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-the-best-fit-lx-gas-vs-interaction-stage-1e1t822a.png Figure 7. Plot of the best-fit LX(gas) vs. interaction stage (open black squares), including the uncertainty in LX. The top panel gives the X-ray luminosities only corrected for Galactic absorption. The bottom panel includes internal absorption. The filled blue diamonds are the median values for each stage, slightly offset to the left. The error bars plotted on the median values are the semi-interquartile range, equal to half the difference between the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile. Upper limits above the median were not included in calculating the median. Galaxies containing a Seyfert nucleus are circled in red. The upper limits are 3σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-best-fit-hot-gas-temperature-kt-plotted-against-1qd4xwab.png Figure 17. Best-fit hot gas temperature kT plotted against SFR for the galaxies in our merger sample for which we were able to obtain a good fit for the gas temperature. Merger stages 1 and 2 systems are marked as open green triangles. Merger stages 3, 4, and 5 are shown by open cyan diamonds, and merger stages 6 and 7 are identified by blue open squares. AGNs are identified by large red circles. The black dots represent mergers for which a fixed temperature of 0.3 keV provides a good fit to the X-ray spectrum. The Mineo et al. (2012b) spirals are marked by black crosses, the Su et al. (2015) ellipticals by open magenta circles, and the Goulding et al. (2016) ellipticals by red open squares. For systems in which the best model had two temperature components, the temperature plotted is the luminosity-weighted gas temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-plots-of-the-internal-absorption-corrected-lx-gas-1iu6dl4t.png Figure 19. Plots of the internal-absorption-corrected LX(gas)/SFR ratio against merger stage (top panel) and SFR (bottom panel). Objects circled in red are classified as Seyferts in NED. Sources marked by a green square may not be classical “wet” major mergers, according to the discussion in the literature (see the Appendix). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-plot-of-lx-gas-vs-stellar-population-age-for-our-3fewn15j.png Figure 20. Plot of LX(gas) vs. stellar population age for our three post-starburst systems (large magenta circles), compared to the Boroson et al. (2011) earlytype galaxies. The galaxies are color-coded with the following ranges: stellar velocity dispersion between 201kms−1 and 238kms−1 and gas temperatures between 0.32 keV and 0.36 keV (blue filled circles), velocity dispersion between 223kms−1 and 260kms−1 and gas temperature greater than 0.36 keV (black filled diamonds), velocity dispersion between 170kms−1 and 200kms−1 and kT 0.38 keV (red filled squares), velocity dispersion between 200kms−1 and 260kms−1, with kT<0.32 keV (green filled triangles), velocity dispersion between 170kms−1 and 201kms−1, with kT>0.36 keV (cyan open hexagons), and velocity dispersion greater than 232kms−1 and less than 260kms−1 with kT 0.32 keV and kT 0.36 keV (black open circle). https://scispace.com/papers/digital-rf-over-fiber-links-based-on-continuous-time-delta-4unvhykcuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9-magnitude-of-the-ntf-1wy3ndbz.png Figure 1.9. Magnitude of the NTF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-the-recorded-output-sequence-varies-with-the-24757f0v.png Figure 4.8. The recorded output sequence varies with the input signal’s amplitude: 0.8 mV, 1 mV, 1.2 mV. Input frequency is 50 KHz, and sample frequency is 10 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-the-ac-simulation-results-of-the-proposed-op-amp-1yjnlpy6.png Figure 3.5. The AC simulation results of the proposed op-amp: Openloop gain arrives at 76 dB, gain-bandwidth product is 2 GHz, and the corresponding phase margin is 80◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-the-measurement-i-v-curve-used-to-set-the-2l1gkwyb.png Figure 4.3. The measurement I-V curve used to set the reference current for the bias current (50 uA). This curve is obtained by using a Keithley source meter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-test-parameters-1i6nrh90.png Table 4.2. Test Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-dc-setting-up-parameters-391cj5os.png Table 4.1. DC Setting-up Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-mri-machine-with-its-zoomed-in-connections-inside-3g0wae44.png Figure 1.1. MRI machine with its zoomed-in connections inside. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-clock-system-and-timing-diagram-for-the-delta-efw0qcgw.png Figure 3.14. Clock system and timing diagram for the delta sigma modulator https://scispace.com/papers/digital-storytelling-and-group-work-integrating-the-pzkw5eeheq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-lecture-in-week-1-w1-introduced-the-kbllqyu0.png Figure 1: The first lecture in week 1 (w1) introduced the project briefly. Workshops (WS) introduced the project and DST in a more detailed level. Deadlines (DL) and feedback (fb) were planned according to the face-to-face meetings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-narrative-development-group-work-gw-and-1tiypbtl.png Table 1: Narrative development, group work (GW) and representations of recursion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-dst-there-seems-to-be-correlation-among-3fmtr07e.png Table 2: Types of DST. There seems to be correlation among emphasis of DST, types and accuracy of digital stories. https://scispace.com/papers/digital-tools-for-delivery-of-dementia-education-for-health-3qv1feoqkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-teaching-and-learning-approaches-n-10-18jtl9cy.png Table 6. Teaching and learning approaches (N = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-studies-included-in-the-review-n-10-2yk4jqn7.png Table 3. Studies included in the review (N = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adapted-quality-rating-criteria-for-non-randomized-12qo4u81.png Table 1. Adapted quality rating criteria for non-randomized controlled trial studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-classification-of-statistically-significant-outcomes-3d6e13o9.png Table 7. Classification of statistically significant outcomes by scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-risk-of-bias-assessment-n-10-240jylcd.png Table 5. Risk of bias assessment (N = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adapted-quality-rating-criteria-for-randomized-3fk0c4nh.png Table 2. Adapted quality rating criteria for randomized controlled trial studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-included-studies-n-10-m72ty68s.png Table 4. Characteristics of included studies (N = 10) https://scispace.com/papers/dimensions-and-perceptional-differences-of-exhibition-2azyim483s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-differences-in-destination-attractiveness-1f8u7wd5.png Table 5 - Differences in Destination Attractiveness Perceptions – First versus Second-Tier Cities https://scispace.com/papers/dimensional-comparisons-in-students-perceptions-of-the-1tt4ibbv66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-goodness-of-fit-indices-kh2-df-cfi-tli-rmsea-model-2d11bxu7.png Table 1 Goodness-of-fit Indices χ² df CFI TLI RMSEA Model Description https://scispace.com/papers/digitization-and-search-a-non-traditional-use-of-hpc-2z2tzmo7ld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-an-example-1930-census-form-image-containing-2pg3isdz.png Figure 2. Left: An example 1930 Census form image containing gray values between 0 (black) and 1 (white). Center: The form lines found within the rotation corrected image. Note the existence of missing form lines as well as non-form lines at the borders of the form. Right: The form lines obtained by matching a template to the lines obtained from the rotation-corrected image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-timing-for-merging-clusters-in-intervals-of-6ybongdm.png Figure 3. Typical timing for merging clusters, in intervals of 1,000, as a function of the amount of clusters left in the system. A1: the single-threaded basic algorithm which uses one single priority queue; clustering time continues up to 4500. A2: also single threaded, uses n priority queues. A3: both versions are multi-threaded with the same amount of priority queues as the amount of available cores. A3.1 implements a naive approach where only the top element in each queue is kept up-to-date, while in A3.2, once the top element is up-to-date, the thread goes on to update the following elements in the queue. The clustering time for A3.1 continues to rise up to 2200 seconds in the last intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-flow-chart-of-the-3-pre-processing-steps-required-1h5igpp3.png Figure 1. A flow chart of the 3 pre-processing steps required to provide the image based search on the 1940 Census data. 1: The spreadsheet-like Census forms are segmented into individual cells. 2: A numerical signature is constructed to represent the handwritten contents of each cell. 3: A hierarchical index is constructed over the cell signatures. https://scispace.com/papers/dipolar-triplet-states-of-p-nitroaniline-and-n-alkyl-1tnx28doom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transient-increases-in-the-microwave-conductivity-1q9g8f28.png Figure 4. Transient increases in the microwave conductivity (dielectric loss) on flash photolysis at 308 nm of benzene and dioxane solutions of 1-, 2-, and 3-PNA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wavelength-energy-maximum-and-half-width-of-the-3fswgr06.png TABLE 1: Wavelength/Energy Maximum and Half-Width of the First Optical Absorption Band and the Wavelength Maximum and Quantum Yield of Fluorescence of the Compounds Shown in Figure 1 in Benzene Solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-triplet-state-data-from-trmc-transients-2mbonaow.png TABLE 3: Triplet State Data from TRMC Transients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-of-the-compounds-studied-in-16dhgprj.png Figure 1. Molecular structures of the compounds studied in the present work together with the acronyms used in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transient-increases-in-the-microwave-conductivity-13ua3tyg.png Figure 3. Transient increases in the microwave conductivity (dielectric loss) on flash photolysis at 308 nm of benzene and dioxane solutions of DMPNA and PNA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-absorption-spectra-of-benzene-solutions-of-kmfprztb.png Figure 2. Optical absorption spectra of benzene solutions of the compounds shown in Figure 1, normalized to 1.0 at the wavelength of maximum absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-order-of-states-required-to-explain-the-short-t1-273xfp8j.png Figure 5. Order of states required to explain the short T1 lifetime of PNA in benzene and the pronounced increase in lifetime found on N-methyl substitution or increasing solvent polarity due to the change in S1 from mainly 1nπ* to 1ππ* character. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-and-indirect-effects-of-shifting-rainfall-on-soil-3baz04hcmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-soil-respiration-response-mg-co2-g-soil-1-h-1-of-soils-ej5g1nuo.png Fig. 1 Soil respiration response (μg CO2 g soil −1 h −1) of soils receiving high moisture pulses (a) and low moisture pulses (b). Dashed vertical lines indicate time of moisture application. The no litter addition treatments are indicated by black squares, the exotic litter amendment by red circles, and the native treatment with green triangles. Error bars represent ±1 standard error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-activity-um-hr-1-g-soil-1-of-five-extracellular-520i6twe.png Fig. 3 Activity (uM hr.−1 g soil−1) of five extracellular enzymes ((a) BGLUC = β-glucosidase, (b) CBH = cellobiohydrolase, (c) LAP = L-leucine aminopeptidase, (d) NAG = β-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminidase, and (e) PHOS = phosphatase) in response to laboratory litter additions and weekly moisture pulse size. Black bars correspond to soils receiving a high moisture pulse and grey bars for those receiving a low moisture pulse. Error bars represent ±1 standard error https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-f-and-p-values-for-the-linear-model-for-7lqqs49e.png Table 4 Summary of F and p-values for the linear model for effects of laboratory pulse size (d.f. = 1), litter origin (d.f. = 2), and the interaction (d.f. = 2) on biomass specific activity of each extracellular enzyme (β-glucosidase (BGLUC), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), β -1,4-Nacetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphatase (PHOS)). Biomass specific activity is for both microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-f-and-p-values-for-the-linear-mixed-clnurksp.png Table 1 Summary of F- and p- values for the linear mixed effect model on soil respiration with laboratory pulse size (P), week of experiment (W), litter addition treatment (L), prior field precipitation treatment (F), and all possible interactions at 1, 3, and 6 days post-pulse. Degrees of freedom (d.f.) are given as numerator, denominator https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-f-and-p-values-for-the-linear-model-for-1w3uel03.png Table 2 Summary of F and p-values for the linear model for effects of laboratory pulse size (d.f. = 1), litter origin (d.f. = 2), and the interaction (d.f. = 2) on activity of microbial biomass carbon (MBM C), nitrogen (MBM N), and the ratio of MBM C to MBM N (MBM C:N), along with extracellular enzymes βglucosidase (BGLUC), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphatase (PHOS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microbial-biomass-mg-g-soil-1-carbon-a-and-nitrogen-a-2jyfo4bs.png Fig. 2 Microbial biomass (mg g soil −1) carbon (a) and nitrogen (a) in response to litter addition treatments and laboratory high (black bars) and low (grey bars) pulse sizes. Error bars represent ±1 standard error https://scispace.com/papers/dipole-radiation-from-a-cylindrical-hole-in-the-earth-d78rpihwo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-problem-geometry-shown-for-a-vertical-dipole-16fxml6c.png Figure 1. Problem geometry (shown for a vertical dipole). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-branch-point-wavenumbers-and-axial-2sgqx17d.png Figure 5. Normalized branch point wavenumbers and axial propagation constants for a hole of radius 0.1 m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-branch-point-wavenumbers-and-axial-12kgykpn.png Figure 6. Normalized branch point wavenumbers and axial propagation constants for a hole of radius 0.1 m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-far-zone-e-plane-magnetic-field-patterns-produced-2b5p0f67.png Figure 28. Far-zone E-plane magnetic field patterns produced in the air region by a horizontal dipole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-far-zone-e-plane-magnetic-field-patterns-produced-33tolzlf.png Figure 29. Far-zone E-plane magnetic field patterns produced in the air region by a horizontal dipole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-far-zone-e-plane-magnetic-field-patterns-produced-jgeuokvu.png Figure 27. Far-zone E-plane magnetic field patterns produced in the air region by a horizontal dipole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-far-zone-e-plane-electric-field-patterns-produced-2w1g4gk3.png Figure 26. Far-zone E-plane electric field patterns produced in the air region by a horizontal dipole positioned https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-far-zone-h-plane-electric-field-patterns-produced-rbd289ck.png Figure 21. Far-zone H-plane electric field patterns produced in the air region for a horizontal dipole positioned https://scispace.com/papers/direct-and-indirect-effects-of-central-stoneroller-1n4salw27m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-61-se-algal-biomass-accrual-in-riffles-a-and-3arskg0h.png FIG. 4. Mean (61 SE) algal biomass accrual in riffles (A) and pools (B) on weeks 2 and 4 in control (CONT), Campostoma (FISH), and NH4 +-N (NH4+) treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-61-se-denitrification-rates-in-control-a-7yvsaeze.png FIG. 3. Mean (61 SE) denitrification rates in control (A), Campostoma (B), and NH4 +-amended mesocosms (C) from unamended (2N2C), dextrose amended (2N+C), NO32amended (+N2C), and fully amended (+N+C) incubations on weeks 2 and 4. Treatment bars with the same letters are not significantly different among amendments based on repeated measures analysis of variance across all treatments (p . 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-61-se-filament-lengths-in-experimental-riffles-a-1shi5iap.png FIG. 1. Mean (61 SE) filament lengths in experimental riffles (A) and pools (B) from control (CONT; n = 5), Campostoma (FISH; n = 10), and NH4 +-N (NH4+; n = 4) treatments on weeks 2 and 4. Treatment bars with the same letters are not significantly different (p . 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-2-way-repeated-measures-analysis-of-1mpa9y44.png TABLE 3. Results of 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance of denitrification rates from 3 treatments (control, Campostoma, NH4 +) and 4 nutrient amendments (2N2C, +N2C, 2N+C, +N+C). Boldface indicates significant (p , 0.05) effect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportional-amounts-of-fine-particulate-organic-2ooobt3z.png FIG. 2. Proportional amounts of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), medium particulate organic matter (MPOM), and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) in control (CONT), Campostoma (FISH), and NH4 +-N (NH4+) treatments collected on weeks 2 (A) and 4 (B) of the experiment. Data from the 2 sample dates were analyzed together, but are presented separately for ease of interpretation. Treatment bars with the same letters do not have significantly different POM size-class structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-61-se-gross-primary-productivity-gpp-and-3r9v00yd.png FIG. 5. Mean (61 SE) gross primary productivity (GPP) and community respiration (CR) from control (CONT), Campostoma (FISH), and NH4 +-N (NH4+) treatments on weeks 2 and 4 of the experiment. Treatment bars with the same letters are not significantly different (p . 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-se-inorganic-n-concentrations-total-particulate-1ozqhoqh.png TABLE 1. Mean (SE) inorganic N concentrations, total particulate organic matter, algal biomass, and hyporheic dissolved O2 from 3 treatments (CONT = control, FISH = fish, NH4+ = NH4+-amended streams) across 2 sampling dates (weeks 2 and 4). * indicates differences between sampling dates (p , 0.05). Values with the same lower-case letters are not significantly different (p . 0.10) among treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-repeated-measures-analysis-of-variance-of-trglocpx.png TABLE 2. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance of ecosystem structural and functional responses in study mesocosms. Boldface indicates significant (p , 0.05) effect. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-confirmation-of-two-pattern-speeds-in-the-double-4xzw0ey51y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-major-axis-radial-profile-of-the-stellar-line-of-2op1iyeg.png Fig. 4.—(a) Major-axis radial profile of the stellar line-of-sight velocity dispersion fitted with an exponential profile at (solid line). (b) Major-axis′′r ≥ 10 radial profile of the stellar line-of-sight velocity (after subtracting the systemic velocity km s 1) and the curve (solid line) with errorsV p 1312 3 V sin isys c (dotted lines) obtained by applying the asymmetric drift for as in ADC03.′′r ≥ 30 The dashed lines have slopes km s 1 arcsec and 1Q sin i p 63.7s, 1 km s 1 arcsec . In (a) and (b), the measured profiles are 1FQ F sin i p 15.1s, 2 folded around the center, with the filled circles and asterisks referring to the southeast (receding) and northwest (approaching) sides, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-kinematic-integrals-as-a-function-of-the-slit-14jrgtnh.png Fig. 3.—(a) Kinematic integrals as a function of the slit offsetY withV respect to the major axis ( ). The open and filled circles correspond to′′Y p 0 slits crossing the secondary bar ( ) and at , respectively.FYF ≤ 2 .8 FYF ≥ 3 .1 (b) Photometric integrals as a function of the slit offsetY. (c) as a functionX V of with different straight-line fits. These were obtained by including the slitsX at and only the slits at (dashed line, slope′′Y p 0 FYF ≥ 3 .1 Q sin i pp km s 1 arcsec ) or the innermost slits at (solid line, slope 18.0 1.7 FYF ≤ 2 .8 km s 1 arcsec ). The very different slopes of the two 1Q sin i p 63.7 7.1s, 1 straight lines strongly suggest that the primary and secondary bars have different pattern speeds. (d) Residuals from the straight-line fit to the slits at and at .′′FYF ≥ 3 .1 Y p 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-panel-large-scale-image-of-ngc-2950-showing-the-1occvjrb.png Fig. 2.—Left panel: Large-scale image of NGC 2950 showing the primary bar and disk withI-band contours and slit positions overlaid. The contours are spaced at 0.5 mag arcsec , with the innermost and outermost contours corresponding to and mag arcsec , respectively. The solid and dashed lines 2 2m p 18.0 m p 24.0I I correspond to the position of the spectra obtained along the disk major axis and at large offsets ( ), respectively. For each slit position, the offset,Y, isFYF ≥ 5 .1 given in arcseconds (we arbitrarily chose axes such thatY increases from the southwest to the northeast side).Right panel: Zoom into the central region of NGC 2950 showing its secondary bar.I-band isocontours are spaced at 0.5 mag arcsec , with the innermost and outermost contours corresponding to and 2 m p 17.0I mag arcsec , respectively. For each spectrum obtained at , the solid and dashed lines mark the edges and the center of the slit, respectively. 2m p 19.5 FYF ≤ 3 .5I https://scispace.com/papers/direct-electroplating-of-plastic-for-advanced-electrical-2ouvpxg4wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-picture-of-ni-plated-part-in-comparison-with-cu-1cay7qtk.png Figure 7. Picture of Ni plated part in comparison with Cu plated and non-plated part (A), optical microscope picture of deposited Ni on the Schulatec TinCo 50 surface (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-part-after-plating-a-optical-microscope-picture-of-1kqzqw5u.png Figure 3. Part after plating (A), optical microscope picture of the electroplated surface (B) and 3D profile image of the surface (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-moulded-specimen-a-sample-prepared-microscopic-uq8c9hu9.png Figure 2. Moulded specimen (A), Sample prepared microscopic investigation (B), optical microscope image at the part cross section (C), material analysis results for PA 6 (D), Cu (E) and Tin/Zinc alloy (F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-picture-from-the-electroplated-part-surface-2tdemdqr.png Figure 8. Picture from the electroplated part surface analysis- 3D pictures shows true surface topography and the line profile shows the 2D surface topography along the middle of the image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-conductivity-test-setup-a-conductivity-test-results-3cixqo0v.png Figure 9. Conductivity test setup (A), conductivity test results (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-granulates-of-schulatec-tinco-50-a-schematic-1ahztzp8.png Figure 1. Granulates of Schulatec TinCo 50 (A), schematic representation of conductive network inside moulded parts (B), comparative resistivity (approximate) of Schulatec TinCo 50 compared with other materials (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surfaces-of-the-moulded-schulatec-tinco-50-parts-2cqxr33b.png Figure 4. Surfaces of the moulded Schulatec TinCo 50 parts modified by different surface treatment techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electroplating-results-from-various-treated-2sch3six.png Figure 5. Electroplating results from various treated surfaces (Picture A, B and C), improvement on the surface coverage after surface treatment and electroplating (plot D). https://scispace.com/papers/direct-manipulation-of-the-uncompensated-antiferromagnetic-5dyzly1i0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-squid-magnetization-hysteresis-loops-for-the-co-coo-au-1cqe0vk2.png FIG. 1. SQUID magnetization hysteresis loops for the [Co/CoO/Au]16 ML of (a) asdeposited specimen and for different fluences of (b–c) Au ion irradiation and (d), (e) U ion irradiation. The measurements are done at room temperature and at 10 K after cooling down at HFC. The differently shaded arrows (vertical and rotating arrows) indicate the magnetization reversal mechanism along the respective branches of the loops. The green circles indicate the fields of neutron measurements shown later. (f) TRIM simulations on Co-Au target showing the electronic energy loss as compared to the nuclear energy loss with respect to the energies of Au and U ions. The ion energies used are indicated by lines. (g), (h) Plots of Heb (squares) and HC (circles) as a function of irradiation fluence of Au and U ions respectively during the first and second field cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xtem-micrographs-of-co-coo-au-16-ml-for-a-as-deposited-1jewhu9z.png FIG. 2. XTEM micrographs of [Co/CoO/Au]16 ML for (a) as-deposited and (b) U 1 1013 ionirradiated sample. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-observation-of-the-dynamics-of-electronic-excitations-1apwh4g73y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pump-probe-photoelectron-spectra-of-c23-recorded-at-3jwmu659.png FIG. 1. Pump/probe photoelectron spectra of C23 , recorded at zero delay (trace 1) and at a delay of 13 ps (trace 2). The photon energy is 3.1 eV, the pulse widths of the pump and the probe laser pulses are 300 fs, and the intensities are about 1 mJ cm2. Peak A at 1.1 eV kinetic energy is assigned to the transition from the ground state 3Pu of C 2 3 to the neutral ground state 1S1g (processes I and II, see text and Fig. 2). Feature B at 2.0 eV is assigned to the transition from the 2Du excited state of C 2 3 to the 3Pu excited state of C3 (process III). The weak feature C located at 4.3 eV is assigned to the transition from the 2Du excited state of C23 to the 1S1g ground state of C3 (process IV). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energies-and-configurations-of-the-electronic-states-e271rnd0.png TABLE I. Energies and configurations of the electronic states of C23 and C3 involved in the four different detachment processes [13,16,17]. The electron affinity of C3 is 1.995 eV [16]. The energies of the excited states are given in eV with respect to the corresponding ground states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematics-of-the-three-main-detachment-processes-17lnf2fi.png FIG. 2. Schematics of the three main detachment processes contributing to the photoelectron spectrum displayed in Fig. 1. In the one-photon process 1, the additional electron of the anion occupying the 1pg single particle orbital is detached leaving the neutral C3 in its ground state with the configuration 3s2u. In process II, a photon excites the 2Du state of C 2 3 , which decays by autodetachment in a two-electron process into the neutral ground state. In the two-photon process III, the pump photon excited the 2Du state of C 2 3 and the probe photon detaches one electron from the 1pg single particle orbital leaving the neutral C3 in the configuration 3s1u 1p 1 g corresponding to the 3Pu excited state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-change-of-the-relative-intensity-of-peak-b-with-vhfs9ol9.png FIG. 3. The change of the relative intensity of peak B with increasing pump/probe delay. The intensity is measured with respect to the one of peak A. An exponential fit is also shown corresponding to a lifetime of 2.6 6 0.7 ps. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-stereotactic-targeting-of-the-ventrointermediate-17r1t7u7ar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-locations-of-the-center-of-effective-contacts-used-188kb330.png Figure 4. Locations of the center of “effective” contacts used for chronic high-frequency DBS determined during the clinical follow-up in the 20 patients (32 thalami). The coordinates are displayed on stereotactic diagrams; the inferior-superior direction (y-axis) is expressed in eighths of thalamus height (positive value above AC-PC; negative value below AC-PC): top, frontal view, laterality is expressed in mm (x-axis); bottom, lateral view, distance from PC (x-axis) is expressed in twelfths of AC-PC distance. The probabilistic location of Vim according to the proportional geometric scheme of Guiot et al. [9] modified by Benabid et al. [7] is shown for comparison (gray lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tremor-grades-pre-and-post-vim-dbs-in-the-20-2zwnc6xw.png Table 2. Tremor grades pre- and post-Vim DBS in the 20 patients, according to disease type. Abbreviations: UL, upper limb; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; TRS, tremor rating scale. a The results are related to the number of implanted sides, because, in bilaterally implanted patients, they may be different from one side to the other. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anatomic-aid-used-for-preoperative-planning-the-3qfyuv3m.png Figure 1. Anatomic aid used for preoperative planning; the ventrointermediate nucleus (Vim) is in blue: in-house ex vivo 4.7-T MRI [20] and equivalent sections in current stereotactic atlases (Morel et al. [25] [Mo] and Schaltenbrand and Bailey [24] [S&B]). (A) 4.7-T MRI coronal slice (top left; left without overlay of tracings) going through Vim; S&B’s atlas (top right; 5 mm posteriorly to the inter-commissural midpoint; left without overlay of tracings) and Morel et al. atlas (bottom; 9 mm anteriorly to PC) sections. (B) 4.7-T MRI sagittal slice (top left), S&B’s atlas (top right; 13.5 mm of laterality) and Mo’s atlas (bottom; 13.5 mm of laterality) sections. AMd, nucleus anteromedial; Inl, nucleus intermediolateral; DL, nucleus dorsolateral; Med, nucleus medial; VCL, nucleus ventrocaudal lateral; VCM, nucleus ventrocaudal medial; Vo, nucleus ventro-oral; PLR, prelemniscal radiations; Pu, pulvinar; see Table 1 for terminology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reconstructed-images-along-the-planned-trajectory-11mnbuti.png Figure 3. Reconstructed images along the planned trajectory (left hemisphere, same patient than Fig. 2, same color code): (A) 3D anterolateral view showing the left trajectory (blue) going through the nucleus ventrointermediate (Vim, dark blue); (B) reconstructed MRI (WAIR sequence) slice along the planned trajectory; (C) reconstructed CT slice along the planned trajectory after co-registration (iPlan, BrainLab, Germany) of postoperative CT-scan (General Electric Discovery CT 750 HD, USA) with preoperative MRI data set; note the visibility of the distal fourcontact zone of the DBS electrode within Vim. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structures-outlined-on-1-5-t-mri-slices-for-the-3fmxg2y6.png Table 1. Structures outlined on 1.5-T MRI slices for the stereotactic planning. Thalamic nuclei are classified according to MRI anatomy [20]; the related terminology according to Hassler and Vogt [4] is given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-stereotactic-planning-for-targeting-of-the-njl9znjz.png Figure 2. 3D stereotactic planning for targeting of the ventrointermediate nucleus (Vim), after manual outlining of thalamic nuclei (iPlan, BrainLab, Germany); from (A) to (F), same patient: (A) manual outlining of thalamic nuclei according to anatomic location and MRI contrasts on coronal MRI slice (White Matter Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequence, WAIR, voxel = 0.52 × 0.62 × 2 mm3, stereotactic frame and location box in place; 1.5-T, Siemens Sonata, Germany), the display is not interpolated in order to show the raw data; (B) same image, without outline; (C) Example of interpolated coronal stereotactic image with the right and left trajectories (dotted lines when projected and bold line when the trajectories cross the image); to facilitate the 3D positioning of trajectories, the outlines are displayed; (D) Frontal, (E) superior, (F) inferior views of 3D reconstruction of nuclei after manual outlining; (1) Vim, (2) nucleus medial, (3) nucleus dorsomedial, (4) nucleus dorsolateral, (5) nucleus intermediate, (6) nucleus ventro-oral, (7) prelemniscal radiations or prerubral field of Forel, (8) nucleus ventrocaudal medial, (9) nucleus ventrocaudal lateral, (10) nucleus center median, (11) nucleus parafascicular, (12) pulvinar, (13) nucleus anterolateral, (14) nucleus anteromedial; see Table 1 for terminology. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-photon-cross-sections-in-proton-proton-and-antiproton-2kqlzy2p7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-di-erence-of-direct-photon-cross-sections-in-pp-and-pp-1vu8q5sd.png Fig. 5. Di erence of direct photon cross sections in pp and pp as a function of (a) transverse momentum, and (b) rapidity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-0-invariant-cross-sections-in-pp-and-pp-as-a-function-3sh6jy2m.png Fig. 2. 0 invariant cross sections in pp and pp as a function of (a) transverse momentum, and (b) rapidity and (c) their ratios ( pp/pp) as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-calculated-over-the-interval-of-rapidity-1uy6bzxk.png Table 1 The average calculated over the interval of rapidity [ 0:1 < y < 0:9] invariant cross sections ( pp! X) and (pp! X), and the di erence ( pp! X) - (pp! X) as a function of pT . The statistical errors are also given. The estimated systematic errors on the individual cross sections and on the di erence are quoted in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ratio-of-to-0-invariant-cross-sections-in-pp-and-3vj13xz2.png Fig. 3. The ratio of to 0 invariant cross sections in pp and pp as a function of (a) transverse momentum and (b) rapidity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ua6-detector-in-the-cern-s-pps-collider-oriented-377tdvwg.png Fig. 1. The UA6 detector in the CERN S ppS collider oriented to view pp interactions. Insert : Structure of the calorimeter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-direct-photon-invariant-cross-sections-in-pp-and-pp-as-2o133zey.png Fig. 4. Direct photon invariant cross sections in pp and pp as a function of (a) transverse momentum, and (b) rapidity. The solid line are the QCD predictions referred in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/directed-search-with-endogenous-capacity-4iu3vaa4lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-capacities-k-plotted-as-a-function-of-b-3ker7xh2.png Figure 3: Equilibrium capacities k plotted as a function of b for values of a between 0.02 and 0.98. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-capacity-and-number-of-trade-1ih9123x.png Table 2: Capacity and number of trade. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-convexity-of-cost-functions-and-welfare-2s7b5txr.png Table 1: Convexity of cost functions and welfare. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sellers-profit-given-three-different-utility-bi9meng2.png Figure 1: A seller’s profit given three different utility levels of the buyers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-planners-solution-2g5o8tvr.png Figure 4: Planner’s solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sellers-profit-given-three-different-utility-2qtms84o.png Figure 2: A seller’s profit given three different utility levels of the buyers. https://scispace.com/papers/directing-the-wisdom-of-the-crowd-the-importance-of-social-2mwyea8ss2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-change-in-probability-of-successful-non-successful-19qeo65d.png Table 3. Change in probability of successful (non-successful) funding https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-logistic-regression-analysis-hy8pgaqv.png Table 2. Results of the logistic regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-managerial-insights-3txpqcat.png Table 4. Key Managerial Insights https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-s02reyuw.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/direction-finding-algorithms-for-time-reversal-mimo-radars-3nvl0jcokq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-for-the-tr-mimo-doa-radar-ab3kt5e6.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram for the TR/MIMO DOA radar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-for-the-conventional-mimo-doa-radar-2c4ntjbl.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for the conventional MIMO DOA radar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-curves-for-the-mimo-and-tr-mimo-doa-34xjfo7p.png Fig. 4. Performance curves for the MIMO and TR/MIMO DOA estimators. For comparison, the plots for the CRBs are also included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-mimo-mvdr-and-b-mimo-music-doa-estimates-for-a-3b1gm3br.png Fig. 3. (a) MIMO MVDR and (b) MIMO MUSIC DOA estimates for a target located at 40◦ and two interference sources at {50◦,−30◦}. The SNR is set to 10 dB with additional Gaussian clutter having the signal to clutter ratio (SCR) of 10 dB. The outputs of the TR/DOA estimators are shown with firm lines, while those of the conventional estimators are shown with dotted lines. https://scispace.com/papers/directionality-measurement-and-illumination-estimation-of-3d-2hqsv27ynu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-images-of-a-3d-surface-texture-illuminated-from-1b9fdoza.png Figure 1. Two images of a 3D surface texture illuminated from different directions. The block arrows show the illuminate directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tilt-illumination-angle-estimation-results-3fgi7b7n.png Figure 4. Tilt illumination angle estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-direction-measurement-result-from-left-to-right-are-1fibuo8h.png Figure 5. Direction measurement result. From left to right are sample image, image show of corresponding VM matrix, plot of VS , plot of V ′′ S and the measured tilt angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-vs-1st-row-and-v-s-2nd-row-of-surface-ace-ff7riqge.png Figure 3. Plots of VS (1st row) and V ′′ S (2nd row) of surface ”ace” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mojette-transform-on-one-surface-set-a-is-a-sample-3ffpmm9h.png Figure 2. Mojette transform on one surface set. (a) is a sample image of surface ”ace” with tilt angle of 0o. The block arrow indicates the tilt illuminate direction. (b) is the scaled image representation of VM matrix derived from surface ”ace” image set. (c) is the 3D plot of VM . https://scispace.com/papers/directional-changes-of-the-geomagnetic-field-in-west-africa-49sgcy0n6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-stereoplot-showing-the-averages-of-the-technique-4-20svf2ja.png Fig. 8. Stereoplot showing the averages of the Technique 4 structures belonging to sector 20 (samples: cyan circles, site; cyan triangle), and to sector 50 (samples: red circles, site; red triangle). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-map-of-africa-and-europe-showing-the-location-of-2ukgr2gy.png Fig. 1. a) Map of Africa and Europe showing the location of Korsimoro (Kor) along with the location with which we compare the magnetic data: Cape Ghir (Ghi), Morocco (Mor), Iberia (Ibe), and the Balkans (Blk). b) The metallurgical remains around the village of Korsimoro (Burkina Faso) spread over 10 km along the river (dashed line). Twelve sectors (numbered 10 to 110) with abundant remains are located. The boxes indicate the identification numbers of the kilns sampled from a particular sector and the technique (Tech) they belong to. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-iron-smelting-furnace-remains-excavated-at-d8zleixy.png Fig. 3. Typical iron smelting furnace remains excavated at Korsimoro (Burkina Faso). a) Technique 1: Sector 50: alignment of single use slag pit furnaces. b) Technique 2: Sector 50: large reusable slag pit furnace. c) Technique 3: Sector 20: large reusable slag tapping furnace. d) Technique 4: Sector 20: cluster of very small slag pit furnaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-high-temperature-susceptibility-curves-of-four-samples-4hmz44dz.png Fig. 4. High temperature susceptibility curves of four samples belonging to technique 1 to 4 (a to d). Red (blue) line represents the heating (cooling) curve. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-three-axes-irm-demagnetizations-after-39diocqx.png Fig. 5. Examples of three axes IRM demagnetizations after (Lowrie, 1990). Soft, medium, and hard axes are imparted an IRM of 0.2, 0.46, and 1 T, respectively. Magnetic minerals are denoted as magnetite (Magn), hematite (Hema), maghemite (Magh), and High Coercivity Stable Low Temperature phase (HCSLT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-vector-diagrams-from-samples-belonging-to-2dk9j4o3.png Fig. 6. Typical vector diagrams from samples belonging to technique 1 (a and b), technique 2 (c and d), technique 3 (e and f), and technique 4 (g and h). Declination (Inclination) is presented as a red (blue) line. Best fit direction as green line. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/dis-integrated-valuation-assessing-the-information-gaps-in-3yqfm9gi6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-range-of-study-purposes-of-each-es-appraisal-method-m3yih0d3.png Table 1 Range of study purposes of each ES appraisal method scored by case study representatives. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-of-es-appraisal-methods-used-by-case-2xzvmmew.png Table 2 Classification of ES appraisal methods used by case studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stakeholder-researcher-interactions-in-es-appraisals-1fi6ev26.png Fig. 6. Stakeholder-researcher interactions in ES appraisals in OpenNESS reported by stakeholder respondents (n = 246) STATA Two-way fractional polynomial plot with confidence interval (95%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-theory-of-expected-cumulative-uncertainty-integrated-1zo4gm9s.png Fig. 1. A theory of expected cumulative uncertainty. Integrated ES appraisal, as exemplifi service potentials to changes in ecosystem structure, to changes in ecosystem function, t Decision support is provided by comparing uncertain costs of alternative actions (CA) w challenging accuracy and reliability as appraisal integrates down a causal chain. Accur biophysical, socio-cultural and value heterogeneity. Reliability in consistently ranking alt step. With the focus on appraisal information in a theory of expected cumulative uncertai stairway by Hausknost et al. (2017). The epistemological step of attributing of ecosyste targeted for landuse decisions. The attribution of ES potential is subject to classification u update these expectations for every appraisal iteration. Figure credits: Landscape artwork I.J. Bateman, A transferable water quality ladder for conveying use and ecological inform https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-t-test-of-the-difference-in-the-mean-of-method-20kkce0a.png Table 3 T-test of the difference in the mean of method relevance scores between consecutive study purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-relevance-scores-of-the-purposes-of-80-methods-2igkrctm.png Fig. 4. Mean relevance scores of the purposes of 80 methods from 26 case study leader respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-framework-for-decision-contexts-for-economic-2n9tjdka.png Fig. 2. A framework for decision contexts for economic valuation of e https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-complementary-types-of-integrated-valuation-method-3usb81bd.png Fig. 7. Complementary types of integrated valuation – method triangulation, integrated assessment modelling, multi-criteria decision analysis and benefit-cost analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/disaggregation-of-bipolar-valued-outranking-relations-55und6qvdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performances-and-weights-to-construct-s-via-model-m3-ajrfxpk7.png Table 3. Performances and weights to construct S̃ via model M3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-given-s-2978z3tq.png Table 1. Given S̃ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-concordance-and-veto-indexes-for-a-fixed-gi-x-1k54j3bl.png Fig. 1. Local concordance and veto indexes for a fixed gi(x) https://scispace.com/papers/disaster-preparedness-in-humanitarian-logistics-a-2gjfw41lzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-set-of-decisions-determined-by-the-preparedness-14rkn10h.png Figure 3. Set of decisions determined by the preparedness optimisation model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-the-real-activities-performed-36ylikaw.png Figure 10. Comparison between the real activities performed by authorities and the results from the system https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-preparedness-results-for-the-flood-of-3ebkk9vc.png Table 2. Comparison of preparedness results for the flood of Acapulco https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pareto-frontier-of-the-three-scenarios-for-373u3nvf.png Figure 6. Pareto frontier of the three scenarios for preparedness in Acapulco https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-results-of-the-efficient-points-of-34abco1d.png Table 1. Overview of the results of the efficient points of the three scenarios in Acapulco https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-of-acapulco-guerrero-2zre1aai.png Figure 4. Image of Acapulco, Guerrero https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-coordinated-and-independent-1ypspa3e.png Figure 7. Comparison between coordinated and independent approaches in Acapulco https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-procedure-id2e95vk.png Figure 1. Geographical procedure https://scispace.com/papers/disaster-resilience-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-engender-a-2r5kd7d7is 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factors-influencing-disaster-risk-and-determinants-1ke47yrl.png Figure 1: Factors influencing disaster risk and determinants of direct damage Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-direct-damage-and-coping-strategies-co-determine-u5n5ed09.png Figure 2: Direct damage and coping strategies co-determine indirect losses from disasters; direct damages, losses and reconstruction decisions all affect development Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-disaster-resilience-138tsxzq.png Table 1: Definitions of disaster resilience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flores-framework-the-diagram-is-built-using-the-a0rj1bo2.png Figure 6: FLORES Framework. The diagram is built using the Concept Map method (Novak & Cañas, 2006). Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-development-status-influences-disaster-risk-1ayx7qn5.png Figure 4: Development status influences disaster risk management capacity Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-disaster-reduction-and-reconstruction-decisions-1pgvuk96.png Figure 5: Disaster reduction and reconstruction decisions influence land use, infrastructure and assets in flood prone areas Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-development-decisions-affect-land-use-in-at-risk-rajq23zl.png Figure 3: Development decisions affect land use in at-risk areas, which in turn affects vulnerability and exposure Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/papers/discourse-structure-and-language-technology-133ezgkb4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sub-headings-of-wikipedia-articles-about-us-states-2ukg6rss.png Fig. 2. Sub-headings of Wikipedia articles about US states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-discourse-structure-of-example-22-2qb9gacz.png Fig. 6. Discourse structure of Example (22). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-glider-aloft-http-www-idn-org-pl-users-pawinski-3plea5zm.png Fig. 1. A glider aloft (http://www.idn.org.pl/users/pawinski/szybowiec Diana.jpg). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-entity-grid-psosj6n8.png Fig. 8. Entity grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-template-for-extraction-of-information-on-murders-3llxz84y.png Fig. 7. Template for extraction of information on murders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-the-mixed-linear-hierarchical-20hvfch0.png Fig. 5. Illustration of the mixed linear/hierarchical structure presented by Knott et al. (2001) for extended descriptions. EC stands for entity chain, and the dotted arrows link the focussed entity in the next chain with its introduction earlier in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-discourse-structure-of-recipe-for-butter-bean-soup-361peg4b.png Fig. 4. Discourse structure of recipe for butter bean soup from Dale (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intentional-structure-of-example-9-3d1vap8w.png Fig. 3. Intentional structure of Example 9. https://scispace.com/papers/discovering-implicit-communities-in-web-forums-through-4jutb5nycx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-user-abstract-dcoverage-0-66-anddrelevance-0-5-3kq9b5nj.png Fig. 4. User abstract,δcoverage = 0.66 andδrelevance = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-user-profile-254yvje2.png Fig. 3. User profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-top-users-ofheart-community-2rvxhgnm.png Table 6 Top-users ofHeart community https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-main-topic-of-userxiu-k0174anu.png Table 7 Main topic of userxiu https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-news-article-metrics-1s7zzec1.png Table 1 News-article Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-semantic-metrics-37t5qp33.png Table 2 Semantic Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-message-distribution-among-users-3noyz3dh.png Fig. 5. Message distribution among users https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-target-ontology-i7c6j6in.png Fig. 2. Target ontology https://scispace.com/papers/discovering-scientific-influence-using-cross-domain-dynamic-1e2rv6zn2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-measuring-coherence-given-different-variance-v60d4s4f.png Table II: Measuring Coherence Given Different Variance Averaged Over Assessments - Physical Science. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-understanding-the-effects-of-changing-variance-1ka8h9dq.png Figure 5: Understanding the Effects of Changing Variance Using Top 5, 10 and 20 Words Averaged Over Assessments - Physical Science. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-effect-of-variance-on-topic-evolution-physical-1nb4bdr9.png Table I: The Effect of Variance on Topic Evolution - Physical Science. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-an-impact-report-and-citations-topic-pair-after-2u36y39b.png Table IV: An Impact Report and Citations Topic Pair after Divergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparing-physical-science-chapters-and-physical-quckuwa4.png Figure 6: Comparing Physical Science Chapters and Physical Science Subsections as Documents Perplexity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparing-physical-science-chapters-and-physical-1e7ziixs.png Figure 7: Comparing Physical Science Chapters and Physical Science Subsections as Documents - UMASS Coherence - Top 10 Words https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-physical-science-report-and-citations-topic-pair-1ph95gs3.png Table III: A Physical Science Report and Citations Topic Pair after Divergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-topic-modeling-plate-diagram-jj5b4hv2.png Figure 1: Dynamic topic modeling plate diagram https://scispace.com/papers/discovering-model-transformation-pre-conditions-using-1x8gb6c0wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-methodology-for-pre-condition-discovery-3f837fgy.png Fig. 5. Methodology for Pre-condition Discovery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-incorrect-excerpt-of-an-output-model-6l1mqy6s.png Fig. 6. Incorrect excerpt of an output model https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-consistent-model-fragments-generated-using-1eusmfwh.png TABLE II. CONSISTENT MODEL FRAGMENTS GENERATED USING ALLRANGES AND ALLPARTITIONS STRATEGIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sample-of-an-input-model-excerpt-causing-2s64x6xn.png Fig. 4. Sample of an input model excerpt causing transformation loop https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-generation-design-parameters-for-test-model-2boxjnai.png TABLE III. GENERATION DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR TEST MODEL GENERATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-model-transformation-3likbewl.png Fig. 1. A Model Transformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-part-of-the-model-of-the-trace-used-to-identify-non-1bsgnkon.png Fig. 12. Part of the model of the trace used to identify non-transformable input excerpt from a non-transformable input model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-part-of-the-model-of-the-trace-used-to-identify-the-2axo3p87.png Fig. 13. Part of the model of the trace used to identify the incorrect input excerpt from an incorrect output model https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-a-diffuse-optical-line-emitting-halo-in-the-5dqhud83y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-emission-line-fluxes-from-the-filaments-24ekizcy.png Table 1. Total emission-line fluxes from the filaments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-radial-variation-of-the-nii-l6583-flux-along-2bto0n0p.png Figure 14. The radial variation of the [NII]λ6583 flux along cardinal and ordinal directions. The directions which contain filaments throughout are shown by the dashed lines, while those with no filaments at large distances are shown by solid lines. [NII]λ6583 is detected out to ∼3.8 and 3.2 kpc in the north and north-east directions, respectively, well beyond the extent of the filamentary nebula in those directions. Error bars are shown but in most cases are smaller than the data point. We indicate the rms noise from the [NII]λ6583 narrow-band image as the horizontal dashed line, points below this would not be detected in the image (assuming a uniform surface brightness within the radial bins). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-plot-of-electron-temperature-and-density-3nngz4gh.png Figure 5. Comparison plot of electron temperature and density within the filaments as measured from the [NII]λ5755/([NII]λ6548 + [NII]λ6583) (red solid line) and [SII]λ6716/[SII]λ6731 (blue dashed line) emission-line ratios. The electron density is well constrained by the [SII]λ6716/[SII]λ6731 ratio with the 1σ error bounds shown by the blue triple dotted–dashed lines. While the electron temperature cannot be measured as the [NII]λ5755 line is undetected strong upper limits can be placed on the [NII]λ5755 flux. In this way, the electron temperature can still be well constrained for this warm ionized gas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-plot-of-average-electron-density-in-2j8m0b10.png Figure 11. Comparison plot of average electron density in region A as measured from the Hα surface brightness and emission measure assuming a thickness of 16–2560 pc. The average electron densities are far lower than the value measured from the emission-line ratios suggesting that either the thickness of the emitting medium is extremely low or the gas is clumpy with a low filling factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-top-spectrum-extracted-from-the-region-of-the-muse-11pi71ca.png Figure 19. Top: spectrum extracted from the region of the MUSE data cube which corresponds to the northeastern X-ray filaments (region B). The dashed red line shows the continuum fit to the spectrum. Bottom: continuum-subtracted spectrum extracted from the region of the data cube which corresponds to the northeastern X-ray filaments. The red dashed line shows the fit to the emission-line features of the spectrum. The spectrum lacks any emission-line features typically found in cluster cores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-the-radial-variation-of-the-nii-l6583-flux-x-ray0-1d3okisx.png Figure 20. The radial variation of the [NII]λ6583 flux/X-ray0.5−1.5 keV count rate along cardinal and ordinal directions. All profiles are highly consistent out to the second radial bin at ∼0.95 kpc. Beyond this, the profiles diverge with the regions containing filaments (dashed lines) having higher [NII]λ6583/X-ray0.5−1.5 keV ratios than the regions which contain no filaments (solid lines). The overall trend for the filaments is shown as the dashed grey line with the 1σ (dark grey) and 3σ (light grey) errors indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-map-of-the-measured-nii-l6583-velocity-relative-to-1q8d559z.png Figure 17. Map of the measured [NII]λ6583 velocity (relative to the local stellar velocity) within the radial bins. The [NII]λ6583 narrow-band image showing the filamentary nebula is contoured in black (contours are at 2, 8, 14, 20, 50, 70, 100, and 150× 10−20 erg cm−2 s−1) for comparison. A strong velocity gradient can be seen along the north–south and north east–south west directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-spectrum-extracted-from-the-full-cube-after-2l3l433f.png Figure 7. Top: spectrum extracted from the full cube after masking spaxels which contain Hα filaments as seen in the Hα narrow-band image. In effect, the region of the data cube which does not contain Hα filaments. Centre: continuum-subtracted spectrum extracted from the region of the data cube which does not contain Hα emission, in effect the non-filamentary regions of the nebula. Bottom: continuum-subtracted spectrum of the non-filamentary regions, showing only the spectral range around [NII] and Hα. The red dashed lines show the fits to the continuum (top) and emission-line (centre and bottom) features of the spectrum. The grey shaded region shows the 1σ noise on the spectrum as a function of wavelength. Note the strong [NII]λ6583 emission and additional lines present from this diffuse extended region despite the Hα emission not being visible in the narrow-band image. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-and-measurements-of-the-h-boson-with-atlas-and-cms-4y85mezk4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-leading-order-feynman-diagrams-25l3qml3.png Figure 4: Examples of leading order Feynman diagrams contribution to the decay of the SM Higgs boson in two photons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-standard-model-higgs-boson-production-cross-1at2z8i3.png Figure 3: (left) Standard model Higgs boson production cross sections at √ s = 8 TeV. (right) Branching ratio (BR) for the standard model Higgs boson. The plots are courtesy of Ref. [20] and reproduced here for convenience. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-the-di-photon-invariant-mass-1b3b15y8.png Figure 6: Distribution of the di-photon invariant mass measured in the H → γγ analyses for run I data at 7 and 8 TeV. Combination of the event classes showing weighted data points with errors, and the result of the simultaneous fit to all categories from (left) ATLAS and (right) CMS experiments. In each case, the fitted signal plus background is shown along with the backgroundonly component of this fit together, and the background subtracted weighted mass spectrum is shown in the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-production-and-decay-channels-explored-during-run-i-329anq81.png Table 1: Production and decay channels explored during run I at the LHC. The channels labelled “? ? ?” are observed by the ATLAS and/or CMS experiments and used for the determination of the Higgs boson mass and spin-parity state. Evidence is obtained for the channels labelled “??”. A sensitivity approaching the SM expectation is obtained for those labelled “?”. All above channels enter the ATLAS and/or CMS global combinations to constrain the Higgs boson couplings. The sensitivity is found well below SM expectation for the channels labelled with a “◦”. The channels labelled “- -” are out of reach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-signal-strengths-and-mass-measurements-from-the-high-1enk3ong.png Table 2: Signal strengths and mass measurements from the high resolution di-boson channels at the LHC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scan-of-the-likelihood-test-statistic-versus-the-1pk0yl8m.png Figure 8: Scan of the likelihood test statistic versus the Higgs boson mass mH for the H→ γγ and the H→ 4` channels, and their combination, for (left) ATLAS, and (right) CMS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cut-away-three-dimensional-view-of-the-atlas-top-1l6y0tz8.png Figure 1: Cut-away three-dimensional view of the ATLAS (top) and CMS (bottom) detectors. The instruments occupy volumes with cylindrical shapes, with dimensions for ATLAS of 44 m in length, 25 m in diameter and a weight of ∼ 7000 tons, for CMS of 21.6 m in length, 14.6 m in diameter, and 12500 tons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-signal-strength-u-at-the-measured-higgs-boson-12be7wpy.png Figure 10: The signal strength µ at the measured Higgs boson masses by the (left) ATLAS and (right) CMS experiments. For ATLAS the best-fit values are shown by the solid vertical lines with ± 1 standard deviation uncertainties indicated by green shaded bands, and the contributions from statistical uncertainty (top), the total (experimental and theoretical) systematic uncertainty (bottom) indicated within the bands. For CMS, the best fit value for the combination is shown as a solid vertical line and the overall uncertainty as a vertical band; the points are the results from sub-combinations by predominant decay mode or production mode tag. The uncertainties include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-pulsed-g-rays-from-psr-j0034-0534-with-the-25f9fegbtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psr-j0034-0534-timing-parameters-2ilxl3wg.png Table 1 PSR J0034−0534 Timing Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-g-ray-data-and-modeled-light-curves-bottom-wsrt-39ozq5kn.png Figure 3. Top: γ -ray data and modeled light curves. Bottom: WSRT 324 MHz radio profile and modeled light curves. All modeled light curves were made using α = 30◦, ζ = 70◦, and w = 0.05. The extent of the limited TPC and OG models is given in Section 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-averaged-g-ray-energy-spectrum-of-psr-j0034-1ug62ppi.png Figure 2. Phase-averaged γ -ray energy spectrum of PSR J0034−0534. Plotted points are from likelihood fits to individual energy bands where the pulsar is modeled as a power law; solid black line is the maximum likelihood model from fitting the full energy range; dashed gray lines are the 1σ errors on the model. All sources described in Section 4.2 were modeled but only the parameters of those within 6◦ were left free in the fits. For each energy band, the pulsar was found above the background with a test statistic of at least 6, 2σ for two degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-two-panels-show-the-phase-folded-light-curve-of-1opfkbww.png Figure 1. Top two panels show the phase-folded light curve of PSR J0034−0534 for LAT events above 1 GeV and above 0.1 GeV within 0.◦8 of the radio position. γ -ray light curves are shown across two rotations with 25 bins per rotation. The dashed horizontal lines correspond to the background levels estimated from the simulation described in Section 4.2. The bottom two panels show the Nançay and WSRT radio profiles; the vertical axes are in arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psr-j0034-0534-g-ray-parameters-2ukchety.png Table 2 PSR J0034−0534 γ -ray Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-pyrrolo-2-3-b-pyridine-1-7-dideazapurine-105r5v8orh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deazapurine-nucleoside-analogues-with-reported-3vo6xl9y.png Figure 1: Deazapurine nucleoside analogues with reported antitrypanosomal activity (upper line). Structure of target adenosine analogues in the present work, indicated are the different groups to be modified (lower line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-washout-experiments-of-t-cruzi-y-strain-infected-9bgh5kyh.png Figure 4: Washout experiments of T. cruzi (Y-strain) infected cardiac cell cultures. Panel A: Number of culture-released trypomastigotes as a function of incubation time. Data shown are from the 5 µM drug concentration level. Infected cultures are incubated for 168 h with 11 or BZ and then another 168 h with drug-free medium before assay readout. Data represent mean ± SD of two independent experiments. The red line indicates the time point at which compound exposure is halted by changing to drug-free medium. Panel B: Comparison of the drug sensitivity before (168 h drug exposure) and after washout (168 h drug-free medium). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atulahuen-strain-expressing-b-galactosidase-assayed-ipce5nvq.png Table 1: aTulahuen strain expressing β-galactosidase, assayed with MRC-5 fibroblasts as the host cell. EC50 values are expressed in µM and represent the mean values and SEM from two or three independent experiments. Values in italics are the result of a single determination. SI = Selectivity Index, EC50(MRC5)/EC50(T. cruzi). ND; Not Determined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-vivo-evaluation-of-analogue-11-in-a-y-strain-t-l9l307np.png Figure 3: In vivo evaluation of analogue 11 in a Y-strain T. cruzi mouse model of acute infection. Panels A & D depict blood parasitemia, determined microscopically after tail vein puncture. Panels B & E depict cumulative mortality of animals. Panels C & F depict tail vain blood parasitemia after https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-11-showing-thermal-3w3vwx7f.png Figure 2: Molecular structure of 11, showing thermal displacement ellipsoids at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-in-vitro-effects-of-selected-analogues-against-y-33k775dk.png Table 3: In vitro effects of selected analogues against Y-strain T. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (primary cardiac cells as host cell). Cytotoxicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assessment-of-in-vitro-metabolic-stability-of-1wqwjvts.png Table 3: In vitro effects of selected analogues against Y-strain T. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (primary cardiac cells as host cell). Cytotoxicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atulahuen-strain-expressing-b-galactosidase-assayed-2e3wxu1m.png Table 2: aTulahuen strain expressing β-galactosidase, assayed with MRC-5 fibroblasts as the host cell. EC50 values are expressed in µM and represent the mean values and SEM from two or three independent experiments. Values in italics are the result of a single determination. SI = Selectivity Index, EC50(MRC-5)/EC50(T. cruzi). ND; Not Determined. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-tev-gamma-ray-emission-toward-supernova-remnant-59dbwh9pt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-background-subtracted-gamma-ray-counts-map-of-snr-2dn27xyt.png Figure 1. Background-subtracted gamma-ray counts map of SNR G78.2+2.1 showing the VERITAS detection of VER J2019+407 and its fitted extent (black dashed circle). The supernova remnant is delineated by CGPS 1420 MHz continuum radio contours at brightness temperatures of 23.6 K, 33.0 K, 39.6 K, 50 K, and 100 K (white; Taylor et al. 2003); the star shows the location of the central gamma-ray pulsar PSR J2021+4026. The inverted triangle and dotdashed circle (yellow) show the fitted centroid and extent of the emission detected by Fermi above 10 GeV. The open and filled triangles (black) show the positions of Fermi catalog sources 1FGL J2020.0+4049 and 2FGL J2019.1+4040 which have been subsumed into the extended GeV emission from the entire remnant. The 0.16, 0.24, and 0.32 photons bin−1 contours of the Fermi detection of the Cygnus cocoon are shown in cyan. The white circle (bottom right corner) indicates the 68% containment size of the VERITAS gamma-ray PSF for this analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectrum-of-ver-j2019-407-derived-from-four-ljn3wrvj.png Figure 2. Spectrum of VER J2019+407, derived from four-telescope data only. Points are the VERITAS spectrum, while the arrow indicates the upper limit on emission at 11 TeV. The solid line shows a power-law fit with a spectral index of Γ = 2.37 ± 0.14stat ± 0.20sys and a flux normalization of N0 = 1.5 ± 0.2stat ± 0.4sys × 10−12 photon TeV−1 cm−2 s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-panel-asca-x-ray-spectrum-of-the-region-of-4jg19o3z.png Figure 5. Top panel: ASCA X-ray spectrum of the region of enhanced X-ray emission coincident with VER J2019+407, as shown in Figure 4. The solid line shows the fit of a Raymond–Smith thermal plasma model with parameters as given in the text. We identify the line at 1.9 keV as due to Si. Bottom panel—Δχ residuals (residual divided by the statistical error) for the best-fit model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-asca-x-ray-view-of-g78-2-2-1-between-1-and-3-kev-3kyahiei.png Figure 4. ASCA X-ray view of G78.2+2.1 between 1 and 3 keV, overlaid with the VER J2019+407 smoothed photon excess contours (100, 150, 210, and 260 photons). The region used to extract a spectrum and the corresponding background region are indicated by white solid and dashed ellipses, respectively. A white star marks the position of PSR J2021+4026. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rosat-pspc-x-ray-view-of-snr-g78-2-2-1-between-1-3826na3a.png Figure 3. ROSAT PSPC X-ray view of SNR G78.2+2.1 between 1 and 2 keV. The VER J2019+407 smoothed photon excess contours (100, 150, 210, and 260 photons) are superimposed. The image is composed of a mosaic of six exposure- and vignette-corrected overlapping observations, smoothed using a 5 × 5 pixel boxcar filter. The lower energy bound was selected to reject the background flux from the Galactic Plane. The location of the gamma-ray pulsar PSR J2021+4026 is marked with a white star. https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-cosine-transform-based-shift-estimation-for-fringe-1fgy88zey9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-surface-reconstructed-by-ftp-21vrge1f.png Fig. 8. Surface reconstructed by FTP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstruction-results-with-noises-1izk9j86.png Fig. 5. Reconstruction results with noises https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reconstruction-results-when-noise-free-3pdttj19.png Fig. 3. Reconstruction results when noise free https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-of-dct-se-algorithm-1u9wu57k.png Fig. 6. Convergence of DCT-SE algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-fringe-patterns-and-object-3ow9381e.png Fig. 2. Simulated fringe patterns and object https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-captured-fringes-corrupted-by-noises-yzkujk39.png Fig. 4. Captured fringes corrupted by noises https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-fpp-system-gh6h1dnz.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of FPP system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-surface-reconstructed-by-dct-se-2pzanfq9.png Fig. 9. Surface reconstructed by DCT-SE https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-event-simulation-of-nuclear-waste-transport-in-lzkp9jzcy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-9155tpov.png Figure 1.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-15bzdciv.png FIGURE 5.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-12g3nk8y.png TABLE 3.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-31i82a7w.png FIGURE 5.2 https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-maximum-principles-for-fe-solutions-of-36jdvrfdpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-the-approximation-at-the-second-time-level-2hgzjfsi.png Figure 4: Left: the approximation at the second time level with ∆t = 0.00001. Right: the approximation at the first time level with ∆t = 0.01. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-spatial-solution-domain-with-a-uniform-25jbzkj6.png Figure 2: The spatial solution domain with a uniform triangular spatial mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tetrahedron-k-with-denotations-3ks8lqp3.png Figure 1: Tetrahedron K with denotations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-numerical-solution-computed-with-the-time-step-2kdm9p5s.png Figure 5: The numerical solution computed with the time step ∆t = 0.00006 at the 11-th time level. https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-organic-phosphorus-signatures-are-evident-in-1fovhzt3ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-ohio-lake-erie-task-force-ohio-epa-has-3uephxxq.png Figure 1. (A) The Ohio Lake Erie Task Force (Ohio EPA) has estimated the nonpoint 139  contribution from point and nonpoint sources for the Sandusky River23. (B) This group has also 140  detailed the contributions of various manures, as elemental P, to the Western Lake Erie basin23. 141  (C) Flow, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus were reported in the 2015-2016 142  water year by Heidelberg University (www.heidelberg.edu/NCWQR)7. The arrow shows the 143  flow conditions at the time of sampling. (D) Six samples were collected from the Sandusky River 144  watershed situated in north-central Ohio. The chicken and hog samples were collected on the 145  same property. 146 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-van-krevelen-diagrams-showing-the-molar-ratio-of-2o5ont89.png Figure 3. (A) Van Krevelen diagrams showing the molar ratio of hydrogen:carbon versus 271  oxygen:carbon for each assigned formula, color-coded based on atomic composition. Lipid-, 272  protein-, carbohydrate-, unsaturated hydrocarbon-, lignin-, tannin-, and uncondensed 273  hydrocarbon-like molecular class ranges are represented by boxes. (B) The relative abundance of 274  molecular classes was summarized for each sample. 275 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-peak-heights-for-potential-markers-for-1ansqkji.png Figure 5. Relative peak heights for potential markers for detecting or tracking source-derived 325  DOP nutrients shared uniquely by the Sandusky River and either the (1) three manures, (2) 326  WWTP effluent, or (3) edge of field samples. Please note different scales on y-axis for each 327  graph. 328  329  Discussion 330  Worldwide, eutrophication has been linked to human agricultural practices including 331  dense animal operations and/or the application of inorganic fertilizers to crop fields26, 27. In Lake 332  Erie tributaries where land use is dominated by agriculture, the majority of phosphorus is thought 333  to be derived from inorganic fertilizer applied to fields7, 23. However, this finding relies upon 334  bulk phosphorus analyses of total or dissolved reactive P, measurements that cannot be used to 335  discriminate between point and non-point pollution sources within the watershed. Our ultrahigh 336  resolution MS analysis showed that DOM and DOP signatures collected from drainage tiles at 337  the edge of an agricultural field in the Sandusky River were highly similar (84% DOM, 75% 338  DOP) to that of the river itself collected 41 miles downstream. This level of similarity is 339  remarkable considering Sandusky River replicates shared 85% of m/z values. Closer in 340  hydrologic proximity (12 miles between sampling locations), the Sandusky River and WWTP 341  effluent sample also had similar DOM (84% shared formula), but were more dissimilar in their 342 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-number-of-assigned-formulae-representing-dom-13nkskv0.png Figure 2. (A) The number of assigned formulae representing DOM (full bar) and DOP (red bar) 238  varied across the six watershed samples. Actual values are printed within their respective bars, 239  with the total noted above. Note that any formula containing a P atom was considered to be 240  DOP. (B) The proportional distribution of major atom classes for each sample shown with pie 241  charts, with percentages indicating the total proportion of DOP. The distribution of (C) DOM 242  and (D) DOP m/z values were visualized using kernel-based cumulative density plots (violin 243  plots). The width of each band indicates the kernel-based density of m/z values relative to total 244  number, with white bands representing sample quartiles. 245 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hierarchal-clustering-dendrograms-for-a-dom-and-b-r89jsuz9.png Figure 4. Hierarchal clustering dendrograms for (A) DOM and (B) DOP prepared from Bray-307  Curtis dissimilarity matrices generated from relative peak heights from m/z values with assigned 308  formulae. Numbers along the top reflect the level of dissimilarity between samples at the branch 309  point. 310 https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-spider-monkey-optimization-for-travelling-salesman-4szs1jd9r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-comparison-among-aco-vtpso-and-dsmo-to-20w4pupf.png TABLE I. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON AMONG ACO, VTPSO AND DSMO TO SOLVE BENCHMARK TSPS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstration-of-updating-a-spider-monkey-sm-1bvh5llp.png Figure 1. Demonstration of updating a Spider Monkey (SM) interacting with Local Leader (LL) and Random Spider Monkey (RSM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-required-time-with-iteration-qea9gjdw.png Figure 3. Required time with iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-pairwise-victory-draw-defeat-summary-of-results-ewdctg1n.png TABLE II. PAIRWISE VICTORY-DRAW-DEFEAT SUMMARY OF RESULTS PRESENTED IN TABLE I (A) SUMMARY ON AVERAGE TOUR COST https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-wilcoxon-sigend-ranks-test-of-dsmo-w-r-t-aco-vtpso-rj3ie06e.png TABLE III. WILCOXON SIGEND RANKS TEST OF DSMO W.R.T. ACO, VTPSO AND ABCSS ON BASIS OF AVERAGE TOUR COSTS PRESNETED IN TABLE I.. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-population-size-on-tour-cost-2g8dwikb.png Figure 4. Impact of population size on tour cost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tour-cost-improvement-with-iteration-1rqp3rb4.png Figure 2. Tour cost improvement with iteration. https://scispace.com/papers/discrimination-in-mortgage-lending-evidence-from-a-4svonijuso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-response-rate-and-mortgage-loan-originator-mlo-level-2a89gp2s.png Table 5. Response rate and mortgage loan originator (MLO) level response. Overall response rate Response at MLO level (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) White African https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-side-by-side-comparison-of-mortgage-loan-originator-1a7wmjta.png Table 9. Side-by-side comparison of mortgage loan originator (MLO) response content. (1) (2) (3) (4) Neutral Prefer White Prefer African American (2)–(3) Panel A: Author blind revie w https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experiment-design-2fmhn750.png Fig. 1. Experiment design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-name-robustness-and-national-popularity-name-3q7g3aik.png Table 12. Name robustness and national popularity. Name Response rate Different than own race National popularity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mortgage-loan-originator-characteristics-number-of-6w3mwirj.png Table 4. Mortgage loan originator characteristics. Number of audits Frequency Overall response rate Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-adjusted-p-values-for-primary-results-2bkrm1h7.png Table 10. Adjusted p-values for primary results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-robustness-of-primary-results-to-alternative-sample-1ny38k4p.png Table 11. Robustness of primary results to alternative sample weights. Overall response rate Response at MLO level (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) White African https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-names-identifying-race-first-name-last-name-p-race-2vhdukk2.png Table 1. Names identifying race. First name Last name P(Race|Name) Count Rank P(Race|Name) Count Rank White https://scispace.com/papers/discrimination-of-the-effects-on-zebrafish-reproduction-from-56ng6fsjjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-abnormality-rate-of-zebrafish-danio-rerio-embryos-at-2ed855ur.png Table 4: Abnormality rate of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 5dpf, from adult 403 males reared in water Z and in water B, adult females also reared in these two 404 waters and the water (Z or B) where the in vitro fertilization (IVF) took place. 405 406 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hatching-rate-of-zebrafish-danio-rerio-embryos-at-72-26ahodz2.png Table 2: Hatching rate of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 72 hpf, from adult 391 males reared in water Z and in water B, adult females also reared in these two 392 waters and the water (Z or B) where the in vitro fertilization (IVF) took place. 393 394 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fertility-rate-of-zebrafish-danio-rerio-embryos-from-3nrqa29i.png Table 1: Fertility rate of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, from adult males reared 385 in water Z and in water B, adult females also reared in these two waters and the 386 water (Z or B) where the in vitro fertilization (IVF) took place. 387 388 https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-time-model-reference-control-schemes-of-milling-ebsaeadplq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-work-piece-profile-to-test-control-algorithms-2-fq7cdx3l.png Figure 1: Work-piece profile to test control algorithms [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-system-responses-corresponding-to-multi-model-3map5rd5.png Figure 4: System responses corresponding to multi-model scheme 1. Figure 5: Active value of β with method 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-system-response-using-multi-model-method-2-figure-7-tuc80zym.png Figure 6: System response using multi-model method 2. Figure 7: Active value of β with method 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multi-model-scheme-2bjyslhx.png Figure 3: Multi-model scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/discussion-of-multivariate-functional-outlier-detection-by-3vex40v5t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tablets-data-set-top-left-absorbance-curves-shift-3eqvvm07.png Fig. 4 The tablets data set. (Top left:) Absorbance curves. Shift outliers (resp., shape outliers) are shown in orange (resp., in red). (Top right:) The corresponding derivatives. (Bottom left:) wα(t)-weighted integrated (halfspace) bagdistances, as a function of α ∈ [0, 30]. (Bottom right:) Ranks of these bagdistances, still as a function of α ∈ [0, 30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-octane-data-set-left-data-with-the-six-shape-2gsoq4wy.png Fig. 2 The Octane data set. (Left:) Data, with the six shape outliers plotted in red. The black curve is, up to a positive multiplicative constant, the weight function associated with α = 1; see Section 3 for details. (Right:) Weighted functional halfspace depths, as a function of α ∈ [0, 3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-panels-i-a-and-ii-a-report-scatter-plots-of-the-205-2q6qb4vh.png Fig. 1 Panels (i-a) and (ii-a) report scatter plots of the 205 data points generated in setups (i) and (ii), respectively (see Page 2). In each case, the Tukey median is marked as a blue dot, the bag is plotted, and the five outliers are numbered according to their bagdistance. Panels (i-b) and (ii-b) provide histograms of the resulting 205 bagdistances; bagdistances of the five outliers are marked in red. Panels (i-c) and (ii-c) provide the corresponding histograms of β-distances, for β = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-simulated-data-where-the-severe-resp-mild-3mb9p25f.png Fig. 3 (Left:) Simulated data, where the severe (resp., mild) outliers are plotted in red (resp., orange). (Right:) Ranks, as a function of α ∈ [0, 3], of the wα(t)-weighted integrated (halfspace) depths; see Section 3 for details. https://scispace.com/papers/disfluent-responses-to-job-interview-questions-and-what-they-1hax7nc9e7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-of-producing-a-non-narrative-response-1on79zpz.png FIGURE 6 Probability of producing a non-narrative response (vs. narrative response) according to total pause duration (s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-response-delay-with-filler-1seqzj3m.png FIGURE 1 Example of response delay with filler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-response-delay-with-remark-35ikpnbg.png FIGURE 4 Example of response delay with remark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-response-delay-with-repetition-22yqc62a.png FIGURE 3 Example of response delay with repetition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-of-events-during-delay-after-the-first-248shuc2.png FIGURE 5 Frequency of events during delay, after the first three pauses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-m-standard-deviations-sd-minimum-and-maximum-2ah42r4g.png TABLE 2 Means (M), standard deviations (SD), minimum and maximum of pause duration by response delay (s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-response-delay-with-question-1n6w25vy.png FIGURE 2 Example of response delay with question. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-hierarchical-multiple-regression-3w03upcm.png TABLE 4 Summary of hierarchical multiple regression predicting hiring recommendation https://scispace.com/papers/dishonesty-from-parents-to-children-1jquma275x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-winning-rates-by-treatment-27qjijl6.png Table 3: Winning Rates by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-treatments-34rdg6h6.png Table 1: Summary of Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rates-of-winning-by-gender-of-the-child-18dytmcy.png Figure 1: Rates of Winning by Gender of the Child https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-1ry8k3a3.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predictive-regressions-of-winning-logit-with-1y4w86rq.png Table 4: Predictive Regressions of Winning (Logit with Experimenter Fixed Effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-explanatory-variables-17nqr2y0.png Table 5: Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/papers/disowning-the-self-the-cultural-value-of-modesty-can-wvjuda4n8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-sds-for-trait-endorsement-and-reaction-1l9mpljz.png Table 1. Means (and SDs) for Trait Endorsement and Reaction Times https://scispace.com/papers/dispersive-dissipative-eddy-parameterization-in-a-barotropic-597icw6on2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contour-plots-of-the-time-averaged-streamfunction-and-2l3q1tnp.png FIG. 1. Contour plots of the time-averaged streamfunction and potential vorticity. The Rossby number for this double-gyre wind-forced beta-plane circulation is 0.01, the Munk scale is 0.04 with superslip sidewall boundary conditions, and the grid spacing is 0.02. The contour intervals are 0.15 for streamfunction and 0.10 for potential vorticity. The instantaneous flow is highly turbulent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-steady-state-fields-from-the-previous-run-with-a-1u8kpr1c.png FIG. 4. The steady-state fields from the previous run with a parameterization turned off. The contour intervals are 0.10 for streamfunction and 0.10 for potential vorticity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-mean-vorticity-balance-for-the-dispersive-cze5ywjr.png TABLE 3. The mean vorticity balance for the dispersive-parameterization case. Note the importance of the inviscid model term in this three-term balance as compared to the forcing-dissipation balance in the downgradient-parameterization case. Here H stands for the Helmholtz operator (1 2 a2¹2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-vorticity-balance-for-the-downgradient-1z1dvsvo.png TABLE 2. The mean vorticity balance for the downgradient-parameterization case. The balance is by design between the forcing and dissipation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-steady-state-fields-from-the-a-parameterized-model-1dr4icws.png FIG. 3. The steady-state fields from the a-parameterized model. Rossby number is 0.01 and the dissipative term is chosen to be Rayleigh damping of relative vorticity to ensure that this term does not represent downgradient transfer. The Stommel scale associated with this dissipation operator is 0.07L. The grid spacing is 0.04. The contour intervals are 0.05 for streamfunction and 0.10 for potential vorticity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-mean-vorticity-balance-for-the-eddy-permitting-1bk4t3e6.png TABLE 1. The mean vorticity balance for the eddy-permitting run. The dominant balance is between forcing and the divergence of eddy flux of potential vorticity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-steady-state-fields-using-a-downgradient-1zej1ef8.png FIG. 2. The steady-state fields using a downgradient parameterization. Rossby number is 0.01 and the dissipative term, a Laplacian mixing of potential vorticity, arises from a parameterization of the divergent component of the eddy potential vorticity flux as a down the gradient of mean potential vorticity. The associated Munk scale is 0.17 and a nonormal potential vorticity flux boundary condition is used. The grid spacing is 0.04. The contour intervals are 0.05 for streamfunction and 0.10 for potential vorticity. https://scispace.com/papers/dissecting-android-malware-characterization-and-evolution-2euhdmm33o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-update-attack-from-basebridge-2ixlhx1k.png Figure 2. An Update Attack from BaseBridge https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-abbreviated-android-events-actions-of-interest-3nm002yi.png Table III THE (ABBREVIATED) ANDROID EVENTS/ACTIONS OF INTEREST TO EXISTING MALWARE https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-timeline-of-49-android-malware-in-our-collection-2kudoy9r.png Table I THE TIMELINE OF 49 ANDROID MALWARE IN OUR COLLECTION (O† : OFFICAL ANDROID MARKET; A‡ : ALTERNATIVE ANDROID MARKETS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-list-of-platform-level-root-exploits-and-their-30lulcpb.png Table IV THE LIST OF PLATFORM-LEVEL ROOT EXPLOITS AND THEIR USES IN EXISTING ANDROID MALWARE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-android-malware-growth-in-2010-2011-2tn9w14j.png Figure 1. The Android Malware Growth in 2010-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-an-overview-of-existing-android-malware-part-ii-2ejokzw0.png Table V AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING ANDROID MALWARE (PART II: MALICIOUS PAYLOADS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-an-overview-of-existing-android-malware-part-i-1lswz2u9.png Table II AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING ANDROID MALWARE (PART I: INSTALLATION AND ACTIVATION) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-detection-results-from-four-representative-mobile-9xzoeqax.png Table VII DETECTION RESULTS FROM FOUR REPRESENTATIVE MOBILE ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE https://scispace.com/papers/distant-metastases-from-childhood-differentiated-thyroid-zpy3kxt6if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-of-patients-diagnosed-5paawayp.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients diagnosed with distant metastases from childhood differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A, Overall survival (OS; n = 148). Sixteen patients died during follow-up. The median OS was 50.7 years. The 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, and 30-year OS rates were 98.5%, 97.7%, 96.1%, 93.5%, 90.6%, and 86.8%, respectively. B, Disease-specific survival (DSS; n = 145). Eight patients died of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); no follicular thyroid carcinoma–related deaths occurred. The median DSS was 52.8 years. The 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, and 30-year DSS rates were 99.2%, 99.2%, 99.2%, 96.3%, 93.0%, and 93.0%, respectively. Patients with an unknown cause of death (n = 3) were excluded from the DSS analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/distance-dependent-electron-transfer-rate-of-immobilized-374j9wp3wa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-illustration-of-the-electrostatic-binding-233iufx6.png FIG. 1. Color online Illustration of the electrostatic binding of Cyt-c via four surface lysines indicated by blue black dotted circles on carboxylate headgroups sketch of Cyt-c taken from VMD 11 . The redox center of the protein Fe-ion is located in the center of the heme plane indicated by black squares . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-average-et-rate-calculated-as-a-function-2mgaxbnc.png FIG. 6. Color online Average ET rate calculated as a function of the SAM length for different delay times t according to Eq. 17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-logarithm-of-the-calculated-averaged-3olf4prf.png FIG. 7. Color online Logarithm of the calculated averaged quantity t for dc=6.5, 7.6 and 11.5 Å as a function of the delay time t in Eq. 17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-model-system-for-cyt-c-on-a-sam-coated-2zwqa1gj.png FIG. 2. Color online Model system for Cyt-c on a SAM-coated electrode. The second sphere in dashed lines is shown to illustrate the translation of Cyt-c with respect to the SAM and the rotation in the global coordinate system. ri and ri are the vectors of a point charge on the sphere in its initial position and after the translational and rotational motion, respectively. R denotes the radius of the sphere, dc the SAM length. 1 and 2 are the surface charge densities on the electrode and the SAM, is the dielectric constant of the SAM and the inverse Debye length of the electrolyte solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-overpotential-dependence-of-the-average-231lmoeu.png FIG. 8. Color online Overpotential dependence of the average ET rate for different SAM lengths; Delay time: t=10 ms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-potential-distribution-for-different-sam-lengths-the-2tbfwyrl.png FIG. 4. Potential distribution for different SAM lengths. The coordinate system was shifted such that the position of the electrode surface coincides with the left boundary. For each dc, the position of the SAM surface is indicated by the transition from the linear to the exponential region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-presentation-of-the-potential-distribution-22qim413.png FIG. 3. Schematic presentation of the potential distribution in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-black-upper-line-et-rate-for-a-fixed-2obcnau6.png FIG. 11. Color online Black upper line: ET rate for a fixed molecule tunneling rate ; when all reorientation is switched off; Blue dashed line: Ensemble average of the ET rate for, averaged over the orientational distribution with Eq. 16 https://scispace.com/papers/distillation-of-granulated-scrap-tires-in-a-pilot-plant-4l137i36oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-and-physical-properties-of-the-liquid-2lcsz660.png Table 2. Composition and physical properties of the liquid fraction obtained by distillation of GST at 550ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tentative-characterization-of-the-oil-pooled-from-111w3n02.png Table 3. Tentative characterization of the oil (pooled from condensers 1 and 2) obtained by GST distillation at 550ºC (quantitative estimation based on the relative areas under each peak). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-the-proposed-distillation-process-1di4egcd.png Figure 1. Flow diagram of the proposed distillation process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tg-and-dtg-curves-for-gst-under-thermal-degradation-26qjf2qb.png Figure 2. TG and DTG curves for GST under thermal degradation in N2 and O2 atmospheres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-composition-of-the-ash-expressed-by-wt-of-oxides-in-1e4us04g.png Table 6. Composition of the ash (expressed by wt% of oxides) in the char. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-the-char-obtained-by-1lwm0pib.png Figure 4. X-ray diffraction patterns for the char obtained by the distillation of GST at 550ºC. (C = Carbon, W = Wurtzite (ZnS), Z= Zincite (ZnO)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distillation-data-from-the-tire-derived-oil-2fjj3t5c.png Figure 3. Distillation data from the tire-derived oil, automotive diesel oil and gasoline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-image-of-char-showing-the-hexagonal-crystalline-1q8w2vzj.png Figure 5. SEM image of char showing the hexagonal crystalline structure of ZnS. https://scispace.com/papers/distinctive-temporal-profiles-of-detergent-soluble-and-46mjfh6qgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-soluble-and-insoluble-tau-soluble-sol-and-insoluble-3h866n8k.png Figure 2. Soluble and insoluble tau. Soluble (Sol) and Insoluble (Insol) total tau (HT-7) dot blots (i) in cases labelled as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control (C) cases and corresponding Braak stage (Br). Analysis of reactivity normalised to total protein stratified for (ii) diagnosis, neuropathology severity (iii, Low; Br 0-2, Intermediate (Inter); Br 3-4 and High; Br 5-6) and correlated with individual Br stage, with Spearman’s correlation (r) reported in legend (iv). Pooled data obtained from 4 independent batches of blots each with different cases (n=46 total) are presented as scatter plots and mean ± SEM in ii + iii and as mean + / - SEM in iv. Statistical significance is indicated as **=p<0.01, ***=p<0.001 and ****=p<0.01. $ denotes earliest Braak stage at which the signal is significantly elevated from pathology free cases (Br 0). https://scispace.com/papers/distinguishing-between-interaction-and-dispersion-effects-in-wwsqawlbuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-3-behavior-of-xe-when-true-model-is-homoscedastic-25muro9w.png Table C.3: Behavior of ξE when true model is homoscedastic GxE (Eqn 1). Behavior is shown for 1000 simulated datasets based on each set of parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-4-behavior-of-xe-when-true-model-does-not-have-gxe-3lro665x.png Table C.4: Behavior of ξE when true model does not have GxE but does have heteroscedastic error (Eqn 66). Behavior is shown for 1000 simulated datasets based on each set of parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-from-parameters-of-the-full-32vesza4.png Table 1: Estimates from parameters of the full heteroscedasticity model (Eqn 49) in analysis of GxE for Box-Cox transformed BMI as a function of birthyear in the UK Biobank for those SNPs with significant π1 estimates following Bonferonni adjustment. The ξE and ξG estimates reported are obtained from the environmental and genetic heteroscedasticity models, respectively. We show probabilities for parameters when the maximal probability in a column is larger than 1e− 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-comparison-of-distribution-of-w-under-the-null-34ub6ftv.png Figure C.1: Comparison of distribution of W under the null hypothesis to χ2(1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-qq-plot-of-1og10-p-for-parameters-indexing-snp-zbymewfm.png Figure 3: Left: QQ plot of -1og10(p) for parameters indexing SNP-by-birth year interaction (GxE, as indicated by the π1 parameter) and SNP-controlled heteroscedasticity of BMI (vQTL, as indicated by the λ2 parameter) for Box-Cox transformed BMI. The considerable departure of the observed -1og10(p) values relative to the expectation under the null indicates strong enrichment of signal for both vQTL and GxE in these 96 SNPs previously associated with mean BMI in independent data [16]. Right: Multipanel Scatterplot of the parameters for the SNP main effect (π0), SNP-by-Birth Year interaction (π1), and vQTL (λ2) for Box-Cox transformed BMI. We analyzed 96 marker SNPs for the genome-wide significant loci for BMI identified in [16] in independent data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothetical-examples-of-an-environmental-moderator-3qo1xn22.png Figure 1: Hypothetical examples of an Environmental moderator (left) or a genetic moderator (right) of total variance in a phenotype producing the impression of GxE. Left: Residuals of the regression of the Phenotype on the Measured Environment are heteroscedastic. high, average, and low polygenic scores (PGSs) are associated with constant percentiles of the phenotype at any given location along the x axis. However, because variance of the phenotype expands across the range of the Measured Environment, the PGS accounts for increasing unstandardized variance across this range. Right: A variance quantitative trait locus (vQTL) in which the effect allele is associated with greater variance in the phenotype. Unstandardized scores on the phenotype that are associated with high, average, and low levels of the measured environment (E) become more distinct with increasing number of effect alleles. However, because the total variance in the phenotype expands across the x axis, the percentile locations of these scores within each genotype (0, 1, or 2) is constant across all levels of the genotype. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-distribution-of-xe-under-the-null-mean-and-sd-and-3a02ffiy.png Table C.1: Distribution of ξE under the null (mean and SD) and associated test (Eqn 35) for different values of parameters in Eqn 13. For each set of parameters, 1000 datasets are simulated. Normal and Uniform refer to the distributions used to generate the environmental variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-from-parameters-of-the-full-3u1yzfph.png Table 2: Estimates from parameters of the full heteroscedasticity model (Eqn 49) in analysis of GxE for BMI as a function of birth year in the HRS. The ξE and ξG estimates reported are obtained from the environmental and genetic heteroscedasticity models, respectively. We show probabilities for parameters when the maximal probability in a column is larger than 1e− 6. https://scispace.com/papers/distinguishing-locations-across-perimeters-using-wireless-48en218c0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrum-of-location-distinction-perimeter-distinction-3cnihn1v.png Fig. 1. Spectrum of location distinction, perimeter distinction, and localization in terms of precision of location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-floor-map-of-several-spaces-inside-a-building-1fs5gev6.png Fig. 7. Floor map of several spaces inside a building. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-model-of-perimeter-distinction-1e93yo3o.png Fig. 2. Basic Model of Perimeter Distinction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-perimeter-distinction-performance-wls-1q4prmi1.png Fig. 8. Comparison of perimeter distinction performance: WLS versus RSS. https://scispace.com/papers/distortionary-fiscal-policy-and-monetary-policy-goals-4a179k99yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-to-a-technology-shock-nct6g2fd.png Figure 3: Response to a technology shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-to-a-mark-up-shock-1q9u60xc.png Figure 4: Response to a mark-up shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-inflation-conservatism-on-welfare-wquefu59.png Figure 1: Effect of inflation conservatism on welfare https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-inflation-conservatism-on-the-2vbojet1.png Figure 2: Effects of inflation conservatism on the equilibrium allocation https://scispace.com/papers/distortions-endogenous-managerial-skills-and-productivity-1izls1km2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-annualized-ixi9qgw1.png Table 1: Parameter Values (annualized) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-targets-model-and-data-3jeopny8.png Table 2: Empirical Targets: Model and Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-importance-of-skill-investments-top-50-of-managers-1h42320t.png Table 5: Importance of Skill Investments –Top 50% of Managers Taxed https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-distortions-top-25-of-managers-taxed-28oqvmm3.png Table 4: Effects of Distortions –Top 25% of Managers Taxed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effect-of-distortions-on-output-and-mean-size-2yswss9a.png Figure 5. The Effect of Distortions on Output and Mean Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-employment-shares-29i36s2r.png Figure 4. Employment Shares https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-investment-in-skills-by-age-1-managers-vl0du6zg.png Figure 6. Investment in Skills by Age-1 Managers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-distortions-top-50-of-managers-taxed-2a1o7cce.png Table 3: Effects of Distortions –Top 50% of Managers Taxed https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-control-applied-to-combined-electricity-and-49ytg9fur3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-results-for-three-hub-system-centralized-1f8bjjoi.png TABLE I SIMULATION RESULTS FOR THREE HUB SYSTEM, CENTRALIZED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-active-power-generation-and-natural-gas-import-a-2k8t8alx.png Fig. 6. Active power generation and natural gas import: (a) serial coordination scheme (b) parallel coordination scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-progression-of-overall-objective-value-jtot-generation-1p2ggrmh.png Fig. 7. Progression of overall objective value Jtot, generation costs J and coupling constraints Jcoupl applying (a) serial approach (b) parallel approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-setup-of-three-interconnected-energy-hubs-1h9x6cud.png Fig. 1. System setup of three interconnected energy hubs. Active power is provided by generators G1, G2, G3 and natural gas is demanded from an adjacent network, modeled as gas generator N. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-of-a-gas-pipeline-with-compressor-c-and-pipeline-37anut9d.png Fig. 2. Model of a gas pipeline with compressor (C) and pipeline (P). Compressor demand is modeled as additional power flow Qcom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decomposition-procedure-applied-to-a-two-area-system-i5digj3u.png Fig. 3. Decomposition procedure applied to a two-area system. Coupling constraints enable coordination between areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-information-exchange-serial-execution-gw0iyljh.png Fig. 4. Information exchange: Serial execution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-information-exchange-parallel-execution-165nt7aq.png Fig. 5. Information exchange: Parallel execution. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-expertise-remote-reference-service-on-a-4gpv1wi5uj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pilot-text-conferencing-tool-20ybr8ge.png Figure 2: Pilot text conferencing tool. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-kalman-filtering-compared-to-fourier-domain-1ppsg1y7qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dkf-tomography-algorithm-description-352wh9qt.png Table 4. DKF Tomography Algorithm Description https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-60-x-60-convolution-kernels-for-dkfs-sd-2nvhjzfp.png Fig. 2. Sample 60 × 60 convolution kernels for DKF’s SD implementation for TMT (N lgs 6 LGS WFSs) for the ground-level atmospheric layer (“ps1”) (left panel) and top layer at 16 km altitude (“ps6”) (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dkf-tomography-algorithm-computational-cost-analysis-fsyjd97z.png Table 7. DKF Tomography Algorithm Computational Cost Analysis for the Case of the Kalman Gain Multiplication Implemented via FFTs for the Case Nos 0, Nps, Denoted, Respectively, as DKFP and DKFo6Pa https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-dkf-tomography-algorithm-computational-cost-analysis-181ftvmp.png Table 8. DKF Tomography Algorithm Computational Cost Analysis for the Case of the Kalman Gain Multiplication Implemented via SD Convolutions, for the Case Nos 0, Nps, Denoted, Respectively, as DKFP-SD and DKFo6P-SDa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fdpcg-and-dkf-performance-estimates-cumulative-lgs-gq41j3ss.png Fig. 3. FDPCG and DKF performance estimates (cumulative LGS mode WFE over a 17 arcsec square field of view, capturing all fundamental AO error budget terms) for zenith observations with TMT and median Mauna Kea seeing. Left is for algorithms without prediction (i.e., a zero wind speed assumption) and for algorithms with perfect wind profile knowledge (indicated with the letter “P”). Right is for algorithms with 20 or 30 deg wind direction error, and either 0% or 10% wind speed error on each atmospheric layer, denoted, respectively, as P20P0, P20P10, P30P0, and P30P10. Note that the y axes in the left and right figures scale differently. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computation-requirements-for-three-fdpcg-iterations-2qe2fa3g.png Table 6. Computation Requirements for Three FDPCG Iterations for the Case Nos 0, 2, Nps, Denoted, Respectively, as FD3, FD3o2, and FD3o6a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-key-operations-involved-in-the-fd-1nj1i6i6.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the key operations involved in the FD preconditioning step. The caseNps 3, Nos 2, nf 4 (toy problem of order 2 × 2) is illustrated. The origin has been marked with an “X” symbol. For each point j 1;…; n2f of the nf × nf WFS Fourier plane, nb 4Nos Nps − Nos locations distributed across the Nps atmospheric Fourier planes are read out, multiplied by a precomputed complex-valued nb × nb FD matrix M̂j , and written back to their original locations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-required-atmospheric-and-aperture-plane-grid-sizes-2oi43zwq.png Table 5. Required Atmospheric and Aperture-Plane Grid Sizes for LGS MCAO Observations with TMT at 60 deg Zenith Angle and for a 2 arcmin Diameter Fitting Field of Viewa https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-energy-resources-network-connection-considering-3038es2d5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-location-in-the-network-of-the-interruption-devices-d0ekz01w.png TABLE II. LOCATION IN THE NETWORK OF THE INTERRUPTION DEVICES OBTAINED FOR THE BEST SOLUTIONS FOR EACH OBJECTIVE FUNCTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-improvement-of-distribution-network-reliability-vmly4vt6.png TABLE III. IMPROVEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RELIABILITY AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES AVAILABILITY FOR THE BEST INDIVIDUAL SOLUTIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-connection-of-the-renewable-source-to-the-nearest-33cyk6qa.png Fig. 1: Connection of the renewable source to the nearest points of the network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-numerical-results-of-the-best-solutions-for-each-of-f01ma75z.png TABLE I. NUMERICAL RESULTS OF THE BEST SOLUTIONS FOR EACH OF THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-dominated-solutions-obtained-from-de-nsgaii-2ge2j8yg.png Fig. 3 - Non-dominated solutions obtained from de NSGAII algorithm considering as objective functions – Composite Index and Equipment Cost. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-configuration-of-the-94-bus-portuguese-15-kv-mv-2m6doznv.png Fig. 2: Configuration of the 94 Bus Portuguese 15 kV MV Distribution Network Test Case. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-key-management-in-microgrids-3136w0xrws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-rsfnj09u.png TABLE II: Simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-functional-components-of-a-microgrid-3lwekgy3.png Fig. 1: Functional components of a microgrid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-trust-percentage-2ltgv6cj.png Fig. 4: Average Trust percentage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-search-time-1j6u49n8.png Fig. 5: Search Time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-effect-of-ring-growth-in-mensa-3l61sdea.png TABLE I: Effect of ring growth in MENSA. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-quality-of-service-routing-in-ad-hoc-networks-10o0orsb4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-system-parameters-for-tbp-14d7n9u8.png TABLE III SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR TBP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-comparing-average-cost-by-using-the-same-set-of-2azhyqro.png Fig. 19. Comparing average cost by using the same set of established paths (imprecision rate: 25%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-cost-per-established-path-imprecision-rate-25-1ggsa2j4.png Fig. 17. Cost per established path (imprecision rate: 25%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-comparing-average-cost-by-using-the-same-set-of-3ls2xukt.png Fig. 20. Comparing average cost by using the same set of established paths (imprecision rate: 50%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-data-structure-3qml127n.png TABLE II DATA STRUCTURE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-cost-per-established-path-imprecision-rate-50-1yksegs4.png Fig. 18. Cost per established path (imprecision rate: 50%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-cost-per-established-path-imprecision-rate-10-177uegp5.png Fig. 16. Cost per established path (imprecision rate: 10%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-messages-overhead-imprecision-rate-50-14n6w2cx.png Fig. 14. Messages overhead (imprecision rate: 50%). https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-maps-of-cetacean-and-seabird-populations-in-the-4p43ko66t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-spatial-variation-in-predicted-densities-animals-2itwk5kl.png Figure 4b: Spatial variation in predicted densities (animals per km 2 ) of six cetacean species in January and July in the North-East Atlantic. Values are provided at 10 km resolution. A different colour https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-forward-selection-process-in-the-15nejqn5.png Table 4: Summary of the forward-selection process in the binomial and Poisson model. Quasilikelihood under the model independence criterion (QIC) was used to select the best option at each stage. # = Quadratic relationships; + = relationships exclusive to seabirds; ^ = relationships exclusive to European Shag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-spatial-variation-in-predicted-densities-animals-35p5ddhd.png Figure 4b: Spatial variation in predicted densities (animals per km 2 ) of six cetacean species in January and July in the North-East Atlantic. Values are provided at 10 km resolution. A different colour https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-quantitative-evaluation-of-presence-absence-and-3b6xu77z.png Table 7: Quantitative evaluation of presence-absence and density GEE-GLM predictions using area under the curve (AUC) and normalised root mean squared error (NRMSE), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-cetacean-and-seabird-species-pjxjk1b1.png Table 1: A summary of the cetacean and seabird species analysed in this study including their identification code, detection group, and months of nest-occupancy (for seabirds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yqekxf3n.png Table 1: A summary of the cetacean and seabird species analysed in this study including their identification code, detection group, and months of nest-occupancy (for seabirds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-esw-calculations-for-cetaceans-and-23emvg08.png Table 5: Summary of esw calculations for cetaceans and seabirds: sample size (n), response type (hr =hazard rate, hn = half normal: Res), slope estimate for platform height (PL), slope estimate for sea state (SS), probability of detection up to the maximum esw (Pr), standard error in the probability of detection up to the maximum esw (Se) and coefficient of variation in probability of detection up to the maximum esw (CV). Esw was not calculated for flying seabirds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-spatial-variation-in-predicted-densities-animals-10n0qu92.png Figure 5b: Spatial variation in predicted densities (animals per km 2 ) of six seabird species in January and July in the North-East Atlantic. Values are provided at 10 km resolution. A different colour https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-marburg-virus-in-africa-an-evolutionary-3kw0bahskl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selection-pressure-analysis-slac-fel-ifel-rel-meme-1s1bx7fh.png Table 2. Selection pressure analysis. SLAC, FEL, IFEL, REL, MEME and PRIME analyses of the 73 Marburg virus genomes (see Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-times-of-the-most-recent-common-ancestors-1wq4kh5b.png Table 1. Estimated times of the most recent common ancestors (tMRCAs) of the main clades and credibility intervals (95%HPD), with calendar years, most probable locations, and state posterior probabilities (spp) of the 73 Marburg virus complete genomes. https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-fibers-in-sfrc-segments-for-tunnel-linings-2i2j6cs1cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fiber-content-at-each-sampling-point-a-average-of-fz76au6w.png Figure 8. Fiber content () at each sampling point: (a) Average of all studied segments and (b) Average of only Segments 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-amount-of-fibers-through-the-segments-thickness-a-2zayl22p.png Figure 9. Amount of fibers through the segments thickness: (a) Extrados side, and (b) Intrados side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-construction-of-the-tunnel-lining-segments-1y9wvprr.png Figure 2. Construction of the tunnel lining segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fiber-contents-kg-m-3-determined-from-specimens-with-1p87zfcr.png Table 4. Fiber contents (kg/m 3 ) determined from specimens with different diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concrete-mix-proportions-used-to-build-the-tunnel-3pal8pb5.png Table 1- Concrete mix proportions used to build the tunnel lining segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-control-tests-results-of-sfrc-used-in-the-tunnel-28uzszg6.png Table 2. Control tests results of SFRC used in the tunnel lining segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characterization-of-the-properties-of-concrete-by-1xplb4xm.png Table 3. Characterization of the properties of concrete by means of BCN test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drilling-cores-from-tunnel-lining-segments-3o3cbhor.png Figure 4. Drilling cores from tunnel lining segments https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-organochlorine-pesticides-in-atmospheric-air-23einfokaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diagnostic-ratio-of-p-p0-ddt-o-p0-dde-and-a-hch-c-1h6q82c0.png Table 2 Diagnostic ratio of p,p0-DDT/o,p0-DDE, and a-HCH/c-HCH https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-ocps-mean-concentration-pg-m3-in-air-1dq9f9cv.png Table 3 Comparison of OCPs mean concentration (pg/m3) in air from Tamilnadu with Indian and global data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-sampling-n-number-of-sites-locations-3qz3bppp.png Fig. 1 Map showing the sampling (n = number of sites) locations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-variation-in-p-ddts-in-atmospheric-air-3vxrphz5.png Fig. 3 Seasonal variation in P DDTs in atmospheric air https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seasonal-variation-in-p-hchs-in-atmospheric-air-1jnndezs.png Fig. 2 Seasonal variation in P HCHs in atmospheric air https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-radionuclides-and-water-in-bandelier-tuff-3rgoqirqgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concentration-of-plutonium-as-a-function-of-sampling-2vextfml.png Fig. 3. Concentration of plutonium as a function of sampling depth for absorption beds 1 and 2 in 1978. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-liu1ok72.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-concentration-of-plutonium-as-a-function-of-sampling-2kbtghjc.png Fig. 6. Concentration of plutonium as a function of sampling depth in absorption bed 1 found in 1953 (Herman 1954), 1960 (Christenson and Thomas 1962), and in our study in 1978. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-design-of-absorption-beds-at-area-t-ryecmamd.png Fig. 2. Design of absorption beds at Area T. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-4fgyr6ik.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-7y3dutsj.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ti6te20x.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-the-glutamate-transporters-glt-1-slc1a2-and-38doy7zcaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-found-in-peripheral-tissues-using-2rfgbfq2.png Table 1 Summary of results found in peripheral tissues using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunofluorescence (IF) for GLAST and GLAST https://scispace.com/papers/distributional-effects-of-water-tariff-reforms-an-empirical-pt52fql12l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-tariff-valid-in-lima-from-6-june-2011-to-6-may-okkm5krc.png Table 2: Water tariff valid in Lima from 6 June 2011 to 6 May 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-benefit-incidence-own-calculations-1rowxwi8.png Table 7: Benefit Incidence. Own Calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-net-subsidies-in-pen-per-month-own-3ceih7a3.png Table 8: Average net subsidies in PEN per month. Own Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compensating-effect-for-water-users-consuming-in-34lkgzfu.png Figure 2: Compensating effect for water users consuming in the third block https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-share-of-connected-water-customers-with-qr0elixb.png Table 4: Share of connected water customers with affordability problems (share of water expenditures exceeds CAR/PAR of 2%/5%). Own calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-income-categories-and-water-consumption-in-lima-1v91pvsd.png Table 6: Income Categories and Water Consumption in Lima, ENAHO (2010): own calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-affordability-and-distributional-54h0pd22.png Table 10: Comparison of affordability and distributional indicators for different price elasticities of demand. Own calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-price-change-when-switching-from-ibt-current-to-uni-39ffchr9.png Table 9: Price change when switching from IBT current to Uni 35 and resulting quantity changes for different price elasticities of demand. Own calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/distributional-effects-of-the-australian-renewable-energy-3vvhattxfv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pre-carbon-price-regression-results-1dqxdju2.png Table 3 Pre-Carbon Price regression results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spot-prices-for-large-scale-generation-certificates-xy7342dz.png Figure 2 Spot prices for large-scale generation certificates (LGCs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-indicative-lret-costs-in-mwh-for-different-1u0n66g7.png Table 8 Indicative LRET costs in $/MWh for different assumptions on pass-through https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-post-carbon-price-regression-results-1qz7qn7r.png Table 4 Post-Carbon Price regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-combinations-of-pass-through-rates-used-in-analysis-2c92x7fb.png Table 7 Combinations of pass-through rates used in analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-electricity-consumption-exempt-from-complying-with-28pdshqf.png Table 6 Electricity consumption exempt from complying with the RET https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-renewable-generation-in-australia-1998-2012-2682uz6b.png Figure 1 Renewable generation in Australia 1998-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-indicative-ret-costs-for-industry-with-90-ret-1ducspwv.png Figure 4 Indicative RET costs for industry with 90% RET exemptions for different assumptions on pass-through of merit order effects https://scispace.com/papers/distributive-justice-public-policies-and-the-comparison-of-1z2is11luy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimal-level-of-k-required-to-guarantee-welfare-2c801imk.png Table 2:Minimal level of K required to guarantee welfare improvement - homogeneous groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generality-of-results-under-rh-transfers-2vj8vxv9.png Table 1: Generality of results under RH transfers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimal-level-of-k-required-to-guarantee-welfare-141twckf.png Table 3:Minimal level of K required to guarantee welfare improvement - non-homogeneous groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-generality-of-results-under-ei-transfers-nzurnbuk.png Table 4: Generality of results under EI transfers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-evaluation-of-a-rh-transfer-where-the-anonymity-tvvyfof4.png Figure 1: An evaluation of a RH transfer where the anonymity principle is violated. The graph on the left has homogeneous agents, while in the graph on the right the well-being of the wealthier agent is weighted 34 of the well-being of the poorest one. https://scispace.com/papers/diurnal-cycle-of-the-co-2-system-in-the-coastal-region-of-pxvkdl303k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pco2-diurnal-variability-on-a-the-2nd-of-september-34niu41r.png Figure 3. pCO2 diurnal variability on a) the 2nd of September 2018 and b) the 3rd of September 2018. Black line is the observed (Obs) evolution. Other lines are the calculated pCO2 evolution generated by different processes: red for temperature (T), blue for air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (FAS), green for by biological transformations (Bio) and orange for the combined effect of all mentioned processes (T+FAS+Bio). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monthly-pco2-diurnal-variability-generated-by-air-8v8chc1b.png Figure 6. Monthly pCO2 diurnal variability generated by air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide, showing the binned median and difference of minimum of 10th and maximum of 90th percentiles. The y-axis has the pCO2 deviation in µatm and the x-axis is the hour of the day. Range, r, and the time for the maximum and minimum pCO2 are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-pco2-of-air-red-and-of-seawater-blue-b-fco2-164kb5tw.png Figure 2. (a) pCO2 of air (red) and of seawater (blue), (b) FCO2 measured using Eddy covariance method (red) and calculated using Eq. A3 and (c) wind speed (gray dots) and direction (black arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-induced-cumulative-daily-changes-in-2busl6en.png Figure 5. Temperature induced cumulative daily changes in pCO2, shown as monthly climatological median and difference of minimum of 10th and maximum of 90th percentiles. The y-axis has the pCO2 deviation in µatm and the x-axis is the hour of the day. Range, r, and the time for the maximum and minimum pCO2 are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-annual-net-exchange-of-carbon-dioxide-between-the-acr5mh2e.png Figure 9. Annual net exchange of carbon dioxide between the sea and atmosphere if only one measurement per day is used. The reference (red line) is based on high frequency data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-modelled-hourly-pco2-change-uatm-as-a-function-of-3fr9sjvs.png Figure 8. Modelled hourly pCO2 change (µatm) as a function of observed pCO2 change (µatm). For each month, the root mean square error between the model and the observation is given, in addition to the slope of the best fit (red line) with its correlation coefficient. Black line is the identity (1:1) line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observed-monthly-pco2-diurnal-variability-showing-2607lf2z.png Figure 4. Observed monthly pCO2 diurnal variability, showing the binned median and difference of minimum of 10th and maximum of 90th percentiles. The y-axis has the pCO2 deviation in µatm and the x-axis is the hour of the day. Range, r, and the time for the maximum and minimum pCO2 are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-temperature-of-the-seawater-tw-and-depth-of-3vv8aoy2.png Figure 1. (a) Temperature of the seawater (Tw) and depth of thermocline depth (orange circle), the thermocline depth with questionably small (< 0.2 ◦Cm−1) temperature gradient has red cross on it, the horizontal solid black line depicts the depth at the inlet location; (b) salinity and temperature at 5 m depth; (c) Chlorophyll A fluorescence as a proxy for concentration at 5 m depth; (d) Oxygen molar concentration at 5 m depth; (e) solar irradiance (red) and sunrise and sunset times (blue) in UTC. https://scispace.com/papers/diversification-of-the-restriction-modification-system-of-17xvnp36a3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-the-rm-systems-in-the-s-pyogenes-11blwpmk.png Table 2. Distribution of the RM systems in the S. pyogenes strains used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/diversifying-the-legal-order-2fktqbo7yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nerr-ia-at-various-levels-5-10-20-for-baseline-mmr-3w26a6ia.png Fig. 2: nERR-IA at various levels @5, @10, @20 for baseline, MMR, MAXSUM, MAXMIN and MONO methods. [Best viewed in color] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alpha-ndcg-at-various-levels-5-10-20-for-baseline-mmr-3b2dhob1.png Fig. 1: alpha-nDCG at various levels @5, @10, @20 for baseline, MMR, MAXSUM, MAXMIN and MONO methods [Best viewed in color] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-west-law-digest-topics-as-user-queries-29qd55gc.png Table 2: West Law Digest Topics as user queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subtopic-recall-at-various-levels-5-10-20-for-baseline-3rb14bpi.png Fig. 3: SubTopic Recall at various levels @5, @10, @20 for baseline, MMR, MAXSUM, MAXMIN and MONO methods. [Best viewed in color] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-tested-in-the-experiments-2idfv5ox.png Table 1: Parameters Tested in the Experiments https://scispace.com/papers/diversity-of-large-woody-lignophytes-preceding-the-5sodkcyq7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3n0sz004.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/diy-democracy-the-direct-action-politics-of-u-s-punk-4s70ewstjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-entrance-to-abc-no-rio-new-york-new-york-2012-1uimundg.png Figure 1: Entrance to ABC No Rio. New York, New York. 2012. Photograph by the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-entrance-to-924-gilman-street-berkeley-california-3781u4w4.png Figure 2: Entrance to 924 Gilman Street. Berkeley, California. 2012. Photograph by the author. https://scispace.com/papers/dm-slam-monocular-slam-in-dynamic-environments-2pbjsr9wnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-framework-of-dm-slam-dm-slam-share-same-loop-31tjll7r.png Figure 1. The framework of DM-SLAM. DM-SLAM share same loop closing thread with ORB-SLAM. We adjust the process of Initialization when system begins tracking and redesign the rule of map point insertion and culling in local mapping https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-static-features-extraction-results-of-different-3femj1s4.png Figure 2. Static features extraction results of different frames in sequence fr3_walking_rpy. Inliers are marked with green circle, while yellow circles are considered to be outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-features-used-for-solving-camera-pose-in-the-1xv1hwoa.png Figure 6. The features used for solving camera pose in the tracking thread, which are marked with green circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-example-for-static-extraction-a-and-b-are-2hvf9qcb.png Figure 3. Real example for static extraction. (a) and (b) are source images, witnessing that the book in the middle is moving.(c) The static points recognized by RANSAC, marked with green circle. The outliers are marked with yellow circles. (d) The static points recognized by ARSAC [16]. (e) The static points recognized by our DLRSAC with the size of grid is 180*180. (f) The static points recognized by our DLRSAC with the size of grid is 240*240. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-running-time-of-different-algorithms-j6u8fb0z.png Table 1. The average running time of different algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/dms-diagnostic-modeling-system-report-7-the-dms-data-manager-5butu6rh3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-70-drc-buttons-29p1xap9.png Figure 70. DRC buttons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-authorized-channel-grid-template-rdrse7l4.png Figure 43. Authorized channel grid template https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-create-channel-grid-include-tin-3bjdtko4.png Figure 41. Create channel grid, include TIN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-cad-importer-2tq4hb5r.png Figure 20. CAD Importer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-combine-channel-theme-1liktq6t.png Figure 35. Combine channel theme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-station-theme-definition-dialog-2xa2izvz.png Figure 18. Station theme definition dialog https://scispace.com/figures/figure-47-import-ascii-data-options-dialog-2rnfivm3.png Figure 47. Import ASCII Data options dialog https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-station-definitions-dialog-1o8ki1b6.png Figure 14. Station Definitions dialog https://scispace.com/papers/dna-entropy-reveals-a-significant-difference-in-complexity-46agwuzmq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-entropy-values-calculated-using-a-25kay59m.png Figure 2: Distribution of entropy values calculated using a word size of 4 and a forward rolling window of 259bp, for promoter regions spanning -2.5k bp to -259bp upstream of the transcription start site. Key to colours: HAV_TS = blue, HAV_HK=green, HAV_12003=grey (the HAV_12003 density plot has the lowest density peak and lies behind those for HAV_HK and HAV_TS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-previous-publications-in-which-entropies-fq2umgmz.png Table 1. Summary of previous publications in which entropies have been calculated for DNA sequences, and used to compare the relative entropy of coding and non-coding DNA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-mean-entropy-profiles-based-on-a-word-size-of-4-jg6etn6v.png Figure 1. (A) Mean entropy profiles, based on a word size of 4 and a forward rolling window of 259 base pairs for the promoter regions of 3 gene datasets (solid lines) and for randomly shuffled DNA (dotted lines). (B) Mean %CG profiles calculated using a forward rolling window of 259 base a pairs. The pairwise differences in the GC profiles (HAV_HK vs HAV_TS: HAV_TS Vs HAV_12003: HAV_HK vs HAV_12003) are not significant when evaluated using a Wilcoxon signed rank test with continuity correction. Key to colours: HAV_TS = blue, HAV_HK=green, HAV_12003=black. The grey vertical line at position -259bp indicates the point at which the rolling window first samples beyond the TSS. https://scispace.com/papers/dna-walker-circuits-computational-potential-design-and-38733an41s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-the-walker-strand-carries-a-load-q-that-will-quench-1c6f1ruh.png Fig. 1. (1) The walker strand carries a load (Q) that will quench fluorophores (F) when nearby. The walker is attached to the initial anchorage and all other anchorages are blocked. By adding unblocking strands, the selected track becomes unblocked. In this case the signal that opens up the path labelled by ¬X is added. (2) The nicking enzyme (E) attaches to the walker-anchorage complex, and cuts the anchorage. The anchorage top melts away from the walker, exposing 6 nucleotides as a toehold. (3) The exposed toehold becomes attached to the next anchorage. (4) In a displacement reaction, the walker becomes completely attached to the new anchorage. The stepping is energetically favourable, because it re-forms the base pairs that were lost after the previous anchorage was cut. (5) Repeating this process, the walker arrives at a junction. The walker continues down the unblocked track, eventually reaching the final anchorage and quenching the fluorophore. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-a-small-linear-track-of-8-anchorages-with-r9rjvlx9.png Fig. 4. Top: A small linear track of 8 anchorages with fluorophores on both the second and last anchorage. Experiments were performed with one or more anchorages omitted [15]. Right: Experimental results (reproduced with permission from the authors). The walker hardly reaches the final anchorage when anchorage 7 is removed, due to the double penalty of a longer final step and the mismatch in the final anchorage. Left: Model results. Dotted lines: Alternative model where the walker can step onto already-cut anchorages with rate kb = k/30. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-analysis-for-a-logic-track-expressing-the-3i1bdylh.png Fig. 6. Performance analysis for a logic track expressing the XOR formula (X ⊕ Y ). Properties as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reporting-boolean-decisions-with-dna-walker-circuits-2ksmergy.png Fig. 2. Reporting Boolean decisions with DNA walker circuits. (Left) A quenching walker with red fluorophores labelling false sinks and green fluorophores labelling true sinks. A drop in signal for one colour indicates the truth value of the circuit. However, the signal drop is inversely proportional to the number of sinks of the same colour. (Center) A green coloured walker and quenching true sinks. When the circuit evaluates to true the green signal is fully suppressed. However, the fluorescence output from this circuit cannot distinguish between an incomplete computation and a false one. (Right) Two parallel copies of the circuit, with different fluorophores labelling the walkers and with quenching true sinks in one and quenching false sinks in the other: the computation is complete and unambiguously reported when one colour is suppressed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-track-topology-for-single-layer-a-and-double-layer-1iri53s6.png Fig. 5. Top: Track topology for single-layer (a) and double-layer (c,d) decision tracks. Initial indicates the initial anchorage, Final indicates absorbing anchorages, and L, L’, R and R’ indicate anchorages that can be blocked by input. Coloured circles (b) indicate the range of interaction of the walker to scale. Bottom: Experimental results [14] compared with results from the model. Single layer track: R means a single blockade on the left, R2 means a two-anchorage blockade on the left, L/R means single blockades on both the left and right. Double layer track: RL means anchorages labelled L and R’ are blocked, so that the walker goes right on the first decision, and left on the second. Each blockade is of two consecutive anchorages. All properties are given at time T = 200 min. Finishes, P=?[F [T,T ] finished ], is the probability that a walker quenches any fluorophore by time T ; Correct, P=?[F [T,T ](“finished-correct”|“finished”)], is the probability that a finished walker quenches the correct fluorophore by time T ; Deadlock, P=?[F [T,T ] deadlock ], is the probability for the walker to get stuck prematurely by time T , with no intact anchorage within reach; and Steps, R=? (steps) [C≤T ], indicates the expected number of steps taken by time T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-connectivity-graph-of-a-dna-walker-circuit-to-2a1uqnqx.png Fig. 3. (a) A connectivity graph of a DNA walker circuit to evaluate the disjunction (X ∨Y ∨Z). There are two output tracks: one when the circuit evaluates to true, the other when it evaluates to false. The resulting path when X = Y = f and Z = t is shown highlighted. (b) Two conjunction circuits are composed into the disjunction (A∧¬B∧C)∨(¬X∧Y ∧Z). Two source nodes (two walkers) are used to evaluate clauses in parallel. No assignment of guards to the join gate labelled J can ensure that this circuit is deterministic. This is evident when A = C = Y = Z = t and B = X = f . https://scispace.com/papers/dnaa-and-orc-more-than-dna-replication-initiators-46ngboknwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-initiation-of-replication-in-bacteria-and-245tdphi.png Figure I. Initiation of replication in bacteria and eukaryotes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dnaa-coordinates-dna-replication-initiation-with-1a8kyquf.png Figure 3. DnaA coordinates DNA replication initiation with cellular metabolism and development through transcriptional activation of target genes. (a) Following the initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli, DnaA is inactivated through ATP hydrolysis and transcription of nrd is driven by ADP-bound DnaA. Expression of nrd leads to the production of ribonuclease reductase (RNR), which synthesizes the dNTPs required for DNA replication. (b) Concomitant with the initiation of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis, DnaA directly activates the transcription of sda. Expression of sda leads to the production of the Sda checkpoint protein that inhibits the activity of Spo0A, the master transcriptional regulator of sporulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-orc-participates-in-accurate-chromosome-segregation-32chbyaf.png Figure 2. ORC participates in accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. During S phase, ORC initiates DNA replication (i) and the Orc1-4 subunits localize at the centrosome where Orc1 regulates centrosome duplication (ii). During metaphase, ORC facilitates sister chromatid cohesion through both cohesin-dependent (iii) and cohesin-independent pathways (iv). During telophase, the cell undergoes cytokinesis and Orc6 has been implicated in this process through direct interaction with the filament-forming septin protein (v). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-the-potential-roles-played-by-dna-o00hephg.png Figure 1. Summary of the potential roles played by DNA replication initiator proteins beyond DNA synthesis. Unbroken lines indicate that replication initiator proteins play direct roles in cellular processes. Broken lines indicate that the connection between the initiator protein and the cellular activity remains speculative. https://scispace.com/papers/dnad-a-simple-tool-for-automatic-differentiation-of-fortran-3qfqvkvd94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-running-time-of-the-sample-code-differentiated-by-224daghc.png Table 1 Running time of the sample code differentiated by different AD tools (s) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-running-time-of-a-sample-code-differentiated-by-dnad-103ehstw.png Fig. 1. Running time of a sample code differentiated by DNAD and ADF95 with respect to number of independent variables https://scispace.com/papers/do-ceos-outside-directorships-affect-the-performance-of-j7ahmj8e8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2g7bgihc.png Table 1. Summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/do-adolescents-consider-mind-body-skills-groups-an-937ka4ceux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adolescent-characteristics-oznbakjf.png Table 1 Adolescent Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/do-corporate-control-and-product-market-competition-lead-to-4glj77z4r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ownership-concentration-and-structure-by-shareholder-31xcrdy0.png Table 1. Ownership concentration and structure by shareholder type https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-impact-of-corporate-control-and-product-market-2is8hycr.png Table 4: The impact of corporate control and product market competition on productivity growth https://scispace.com/papers/do-current-radical-innovation-measures-actually-measure-4dqx91put3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-between-nme-and-hta-nme-hta-zp1m9wm1.png Table 7 Correlations between NME and HTA NME HTA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-formative-measure-of-radical-drug-innovation-nme-hta-3jig183z.png Fig. 5 Formative measure of radical drug innovation (NME + HTA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergent-validity-assessment-of-the-newly-developed-3994x8tb.png Fig. 6 Convergent validity assessment of the newly developed measure https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operationalization-of-drug-innovation-by-sorescu-et-1zasxz9r.png Table 1 Operationalization of drug innovation by Sorescu et al. (2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cross-tabulations-nme-priority-review-and-nme-hta-2zyrhmoq.png Table 6 Cross-tabulations NME + Priority Review and NME + HTA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-construction-of-the-data-set-2v2mzzq8.png Fig. 1 Construction of the data set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-differences-in-outcomes-between-patent-top5-and-nme-1w6291n6.png Fig. 2 Differences in outcomes between Patent Top5 and NME (Sankey diagram) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differences-in-outcomes-between-patent-top5-and-nme-dsb9z5c3.png Fig. 4 Differences in outcomes between Patent Top5 and NME + Priority Review (Sankey diagram) https://scispace.com/papers/do-energy-scenarios-pay-sufficient-attention-to-the-53zzs4vjej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-main-characteristics-of-the-scenario-2eifzv07.png Table 1. Summary of the main characteristics of the scenario sets used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-generic-foundation-of-a-matrix-approach-to-1w08w5q6.png Figure 1. The generic foundation of a matrix approach to scenario development https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-proportion-of-energy-and-environmental-scenarios-337casef.png Table 2. The proportion of energy and environmental scenarios described by each overarching societal driver and applying different adjustments to the central scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-percentage-of-energy-and-environmental-33h431vj.png Figure 3. The percentage of energy and environmental scenarios making reference to specific levels of deployment of particular energy supply technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-percentage-of-energy-and-environmental-3fl1of7t.png Figure 2. The percentage of energy and environmental scenarios making reference to particular energy supply technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-percentage-of-energy-and-environmental-1oou8gu6.png Figure 5. The percentage of energy and environmental scenarios making reference to particular societal characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-percentage-of-energy-and-environmental-scenario-142wnhe5.png Table 3. The percentage of energy and environmental scenario sets and individual scenarios that included content for the different themes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-average-and-range-of-annual-energy-output-twh-3txg1ubl.png Figure 6. The average, and range of, annual energy output (TWh) for different energy technologies for i) the RSPB scenario set and ii) other energy scenarios (from the 5th Carbon Budget, CLUES and National Grid sets) https://scispace.com/papers/do-external-political-pressures-affect-the-renminbi-exchange-1dkh0mzcem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-10-largest-daily-appreciations-rmb-cpr-july-2005-may-1whfiib7.png Table 2: 10 largest daily appreciations - RMB CPR (July 2005 - May 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-garch-11-models-for-daily-rmb-12-month-non-1xipofzx.png Table 7: GARCH(1,1) models for daily RMB 12-Month Non Deliverable Forward returns (January 2006 - July 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-garch-11-models-for-daily-rmb-12-month-ndf-returns-2koqovdm.png Table 8: GARCH(1,1) models for daily RMB 12-Month NDF Returns (2006 - 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-garch-11-models-for-daily-rmb-central-parity-rate-egck76i1.png Table 5: GARCH(1,1) models for daily RMB Central Parity Rate returns (January 2006 - July 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-disaggregated-political-pressure-and-the-rmb-ndf-k6ptn0mq.png Table 9: Disaggregated political pressure and the RMB NDF rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-garch-11-models-for-daily-rmb-central-parity-rate-2zkx3dr1.png Table 4: GARCH(1,1) models for daily RMB Central Parity Rate returns (July 2005 - May 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-10-largest-daily-appreciations-12-month-rmb-ndf-july-17s5mqxq.png Table 3: 10 largest daily appreciations - 12-month RMB NDF (July 2005 - May 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-statements-by-political-pressure-indicator-zhrjg1tq.png Table 1: Number of statements by political pressure indicator https://scispace.com/papers/do-higher-minimum-wages-benefit-health-evidence-from-the-uk-1ohwfbvo0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-xup2qjl2.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-the-share-of-individuals-in-excellent-3ocyg0rt.png Figure 2: Changes in the Share of Individuals in Excellent Health https://scispace.com/papers/do-higher-wages-come-at-a-price-3l8zub2mky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-estimates-of-ja-npjs-and-pjs-incorporating-mean-2fwiaza2.png Table 5: OLS estimates of JA, NPJS and PJS incorporating mean workplace wages alongside individual hourly wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presents-ols-estimates-of-the-association-between-2kko5xbu.png Table 1 presents OLS estimates of the association between wages and the three wellbeing measures, JA, NPJS and PJS. We run four model specifications. Column 1 contains a parsimonious set of controls, including age, education, industry, firm size, disability, gender, ethnicity and local unemployment. Column 2 adds a set of variables reflecting effort; overtime hours, supervisory responsibilities, hard work and work autonomy. Column 3 introduces a more extended set of controls, including marital status and children as well as 3 digit occupational codes, without the effort variables, what we term the ‘full’ model. Column 4 adds the set of effort variables to the full model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-workplace-fixed-effects-models-for-correlation-28y1ngqw.png Table 4: Workplace Fixed Effects Models for correlation between wages and JA, NPJS and PJS https://scispace.com/papers/do-mountain-hare-populations-cycle-32mdaji7xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-data-and-data-sources-used-in-this-study-25o7co4p.png Table 1. Summary of data and data sources used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distribution-and-periodicity-range-of-cyclic-1ae1wswf.png Fig. 1. The distribution and periodicity (range) of cyclic, weakly cyclic and non-cyclic time-series of mountain hares in: (a) Scotland, (b) Sweden (1960 1981), (c) Sweden (1981 2002) and (d) Finland. Horizontal shading-cyclic or weakly cyclic series, spotted shading-areas non-cyclic, blank/*-indicates no data were available. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-amplitude-and-the-proportion-of-cyclic-weakly-cyclic-zx5j7dah.png Table 2. Amplitude and the proportion of cyclic, weakly-cyclic and non-cyclic time series in each region and data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-occurrence-of-process-order-identified-in-cyclic-1r6p0yi0.png Table 3. The occurrence of process order identified in cyclic, weakly cyclic and non-cyclic time-series for the four long-term data sets from Scotland, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland. https://scispace.com/papers/do-patients-whose-tumor-achieved-a-pathological-response-f7e568435m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-383-included-patients-2z9il3pk.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 383 included patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-patient-tumor-and-treatment-characteristics-2tb485p3.png Table 4. Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics according to site of first distant relapse https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-occurrence-of-concomitant-sites-of-first-distant-qgkua2sp.png Table 5. Occurrence of concomitant sites of first distant relapse https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-site-of-first-distant-relapse-according-to-pcr-rg5tx2eg.png Table 3. Site of first distant relapse according to pCR status per tumor subtype https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-site-of-first-distant-relapse-7ute7f8z.png Table 2. Association between site of first distant relapse and pCR status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy https://scispace.com/papers/do-temporal-regularities-during-maintenance-benefit-short-2kj4v6jb49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-design-n5o5i8rk.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the experimental design. Each trial started with a fixation cross displayed during 500 ms. Then, six letters were sequentially presented on the screen for 800 ms followed by 200 ms of blank. After the letters’ presentation, the screen remained blank for 6000 ms, constituting the retention interval. Retention interval was silent in half of the trials (Silence condition) or filled with the auditory isochronous rhythm (Rhythm condition) in the other half. A question mark appeared after the retention interval, inviting participant to start recalling the letters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-recall-performance-with-a-maximum-of-six-letters-37lkcg8s.png Figure 3. Recall performance (with a maximum of six letters) presented as a function of the experimental condition (rhythm vs. silence) and age (older vs. younger adults). Vertical bars represent standard error. Data of younger adults from Plancher et al. (2018). Significant simple effect of condition is flagged with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/papers/do-structural-oil-market-shocks-affect-stock-prices-5bc9xhg5u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-decomposition-tests-real-stock-return-1huhkqsb.png Table 4: Variance Decomposition Tests (Real Stock Return) (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-decomposition-tests-real-stock-return-1tyy02sc.png Table 4: Variance Decomposition Tests (Real Stock Return) (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-decomposition-tests-oil-shocks-1a3ozkjw.png Table 3: Variance Decomposition Tests (Oil Shocks) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-decomposition-tests-oil-shocks-continued-2p1cc5d6.png Table 3: Variance Decomposition Tests (Oil Shocks) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-decomposition-tests-oil-shocks-continued-23ipofg1.png Table 3: Variance Decomposition Tests (Oil Shocks) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-root-tests-continued-1omn35oq.png Table 1: Unit-Root Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-temporal-causality-tests-real-stock-return-3j8wt1r0.png Table 5: Temporal Causality Tests (Real Stock Return) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-decomposition-tests-real-stock-return-16w6y5nn.png Table 4: Variance Decomposition Tests (Real Stock Return) (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/do-species-population-parameters-and-landscape-4qrhyjsa0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-names-and-description-2-1azb5gyv.png Table 1. Variable names and description. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variation-in-habitat-quality-q-for-different-1en5xwqj.png Table 2. Variation in habitat quality (Q) for different proportions PH of high quality habitat 1 and different values of growth rate contrast between high and low quality habitats. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-variation-of-habitat-quality-q-on-a-the-16mszae0.png Fig. 3. Effect of the variation of habitat quality Q on (A) the correlation between local 2 population abundance and surrounding proportion of H-habitat, (B) the highest correlation, 3 (C) the distance of the highest correlation and (D) the greatest distance at which a significant 4 correlation occurred. Each point is a mean value over the ten replicates of a given value of Q. 5 Curves are second-order polynomial regressions: (A)-D1: R²=0.64; (A)-D2: R²=0.94; (A)-D3: 6 R²=0.77, (A)-D4: R²=0.91; (B): R²=0.87; (D): R²=0.87. 7 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maps-of-some-landscape-configuration-used-for-the-196qoo1e.png Fig. 2. Maps of some landscape configuration used for the simulations, including position of 2 the selected cells and the four buffer zones (D1, D2, D3, D4) used for the calculation of 3 correlations: random landscape with a proportion of H-habitat PH = 0.1 (A) and 0.5 (B), 4 landscapes with low (C) and high (D) level of aggregation of the habitat. Cells corresponding 5 to L-habitat are represented by light grey dots; cells corresponding to H-habitat by dark grey 6 dots. The 25 selected H-cells used for the correlation between population abundance and the 7 proportion of surrounding H-habitat are indicated by black dots and are surrounded by the 8 four buffer zones of increasing radius distances. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-aggregation-of-the-habitat-s0-s1-s2-and-the-34vldylq.png Fig. 6. Effect of aggregation of the habitat (S0, S1, S2) and the dispersal model (○ Step, 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-designs-for-each-one-of-the-two-studied-3kr9xcfh.png Fig. 1. Simulation designs for each one of the two studied questions. On the left part of the 4 scheme describing the landscape and population demographic parameters used in the 5 simulating model (Table 1), variable parameters are indicated in bold with dashed arrows and 6 fixed parameters are indicated with small full-line arrows. On the right part of the scheme 7 describing the correlation analysis, three output parameters were computed to describe 8 intensity (Rm) and spatial extent of the correlations (Dm and Ds) according to simulations.9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-the-dispersal-model-step-12nn-2dt-on-the-23slqltj.png Fig. 5. Effect of the dispersal model (○ Step, 12nn, + 2Dt) on the value of the correlation 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-correlation-between-population-abundance-and-36j5w7ir.png Table 3. Mean correlation between population abundance and surrounding proportion of high 1 quality habitat, and percentage of significant positive or negative correlations. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/does-body-image-influence-the-relationship-between-body-5gcg38ttu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-characteristics-at-time-1-in-hospital-1j28vof8.png Table 2: Participant characteristics at Time 1 (In hospital) 764 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logistic-regression-models-investigating-body-image-1rvu4s7s.png Table 5: Logistic Regression Models investigating Body image variables (Time 2) as 779 mediators of the relationship between weight status and breastfeeding at 6-8 weeks 780 Body Image B (SE) Wald (p) Exp B BCa 95% CI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-womens-breastfeeding-status-at-time-1-in-hospital-1v9wzcym.png Table 1: Women’s Breastfeeding Status at Time 1 (In hospital) and Time 2 ( 6-8 Weeks 760 Postnatal. 761 762 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-regression-predicting-breastfeeding-at-6-8-1w1tkutv.png Table 4: Logistic Regression Predicting Breastfeeding at 6-8 weeks from Weight status, 772 Education level, Delivery Method, Body Image (MBSRQ) and Psychological Distress at 773 Time 2 (6-8 weeks) 774 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-means-group-comparisons-and-normative-comparisons-3p1qxfvc.png Table 6: Means, Group Comparisons, and Normative Comparisons for Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) Items, 782 and Psychological Distress (GHQ), Comparing Healthy Weight and Obese Women at Time 1 (After Childbirth) and Time 2 (6-8 weeks 783 postnatal). 784 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlations-between-breastfeedinga-2dfn5sok.png Table 3: Pearson Correlations between Breastfeedinga , Education Level, Delivery Methodb, Body Image (MBSRQ) and Psychological Distress 767 at Time 2 (6-8 weeks) 768 769 aBreastfeeding, 1 = no breastmilk; 2 = any breastmilk; bDelivery Method 1 = Vaginal, 2= Caesarean Section 770 771 https://scispace.com/papers/does-genetic-distance-between-parental-species-influence-4ipukj9xm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-distribution-of-chaetodon-1dd679nk.png Fig. 1 Map showing the distribution of Chaetodon guttatissimus (solid line) and Chaetodon punctatofasciatus (dashed line), in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, respectively. Asterisks represent sampling locations outside the Christmas Island hybrid zone (detailed sample sizes are given in Material and Methods). The star symbol identifies the position of Christmas Island within the area of overlap (darker shade of grey) between the two species. Inset shows details of the Christmas Island study sites used for the distribution surveys (black circles) and north coast area covered during the Global Positioning System-assisted surveys (thicker grey line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-chaetodon-guttatissimus-cg-and-chaetodon-8p3k59ts.png Fig. 2 (A) Chaetodon guttatissimus (CG) and Chaetodon punctatofasciatus (CP) observed in a heterospecific pair at Christmas Island. (B) A hybrid (GPHYB) of this species complex, paired with C. guttatissimus (CG) at Christmas Island: the circle highlights the distinguishing maze-like dorsal pattern (cf the clear, straight lines of C. punctatofasciatus in photograph A). Maze-like patterns, such as these, have been shown to be characteristic of natural fish hybrids (Miyazawa et al. 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualitative-summary-of-ecological-and-behavioural-1i73qywa.png Table 1 Qualitative summary of ecological and behavioural conditions conducive to hybridization in two pairs of allopatric Chaetodon sister species in secondary contact at the Christmas Island suture zone in the Indo-Pacific. Data for the Chaetodon trifasciatus group are summarized from Montanari et al. (2012) and presented here for comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-pairing-frequencies-of-chaetodon-guttatissimus-59xnjp3t.png Fig. 3 (A) Pairing frequencies of Chaetodon guttatissimus (yellow), C. guttatissimus 9 Chaetodon punctatofasciatus hybrids (orange) and C. punctatofasciatus (red). All three taxa are colour-coded according to the legend below. Bars represent observed pairings from Christmas Island, and dots represent expected pairing frequencies based on observed taxon abundance. Observed pairing does not statistically deviate from expectations, indicating that taxa are pairing nonassortatively. (B) MST showing haplotype relationships in the C. guttatissimus group. Each circle represents one individual and is colour-coded for taxon and geographical origin. Each black dot on connecting branches represents one substitution (bp). Bootstrap support values for phylogenetic relationships inferred by NJ, MP, maximum likelihood and posterior probabilities from BI are shown for the partition between the two major clades in the species group. (C) Scatterplot of DAPC (Jombart et al. 2010) performed on 20 microsatellite loci for five populations of the C. guttatissimus group. Populations are shown by colours and 95% inertia ellipses, squares represent individual genotypes. Axes show the first two discriminant functions, and eigenvalues the genetic information retained by discriminant functions. (D) Barplot of STRUCTURE admixture coefficients based on 20 microsatellite loci in five populations of the C. guttatissimus group. Bars represent individuals, black lines are 90% credibility regions, and subdivisions show the genotypic admixture between clusters (k = 2, representing the parent species). Colour coding as well as taxon and geographical location abbreviations are valid throughout all panels: CG, C. guttatissimus; CP, C. punctatofasciatus; GPHYB, C. guttatissimus 9 C. punctatofasciatus; CK, Cocos (Keeling) Islands; GUA, Guam; RMI, Republic of Marshall Islands; XMAS, Christmas Island; ZAN, Zanzibar. https://scispace.com/papers/does-hotel-size-matter-to-get-more-reviews-per-room-27cavkwlje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rr-and-rooms-by-hotel-categories-3hbxq84w.png Table 5. RR and rooms by hotel categories https://scispace.com/papers/does-high-sensitivity-c-reactive-protein-add-prognostic-4evas9nevm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-of-c-reactive-protein-timi-risk-score-and-3apfo6pz.png Table 1 Accuracy of C-reactive protein, TIMI-Risk Score and TIMI-Risk-CRP Score in relation to in-hospital events https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-receiver-operator-characteristics-curves-of-c-reactive-37k7bfr9.png Fig. 1. Receiver operator characteristics curves of C-reactive protein (CRP — Panel A), TIMI-Risk Score (Panel B) and TIMI-Risk-CRP Score (Panel C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-characteristics-and-treatment-of-the-2-apaazl1l.png Table 2 Baseline characteristics and treatment of the 2 groups defined by CRP cut-off point https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-analysis-of-timi-risk-variables-c-73zlnyzv.png Table 3 Multivariate analysis of TIMI-Risk variables, C-reactive protein and the use of beta-blocker as predictive variables of in-hospital events https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-positive-predictive-value-of-c-reactive-protein-crp-n7-gxezoaxu.png Fig. 2. Positive predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) N7.2 mg/l, TIMIRisk Score N3 and TIMI-Risk-CRP Score N5. https://scispace.com/papers/does-it-pay-to-get-an-a-school-resource-allocations-in-21vkgav7s0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-school-fixed-effects-regressions-of-resouces-on-37brp37v.png Table 11: School Fixed Effects Regressions of Resouces on Ratings - TAKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-discontinuity-results-for-effect-of-2vdbnau0.png Table 6: Regression Discontinuity Results for Effect of Rating on Expenditures and Staffing in TAAS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-per-student-expenditures-in-taas-1ah2m170.png Figure 2 - Total Per-Student Expenditures in TAAS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-accountability-rating-at-rating-2pv7q4cj.png Figure 1: Changes in Accountability Rating at Rating Boundaries https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-discontinuity-results-for-effect-of-s532ls57.png Table 7: Regression Discontinuity Results for Effect of Rating on Expenditures and Staffing in TAKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rating-transitions-under-different-accountabilty-2n64qk47.png Table 2: Rating Transitions Under Different Accountabilty Regimes https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-school-fixed-effects-regressions-of-resouces-on-3o98nj39.png Table 10: School Fixed Effects Regressions of Resouces on Ratings - TAAS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distributions-of-accountability-ratings-3q8yw5ng.png Table 1: Distributions of Accountability Ratings https://scispace.com/papers/does-it-work-a-framework-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-a-4mv63nlud3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-iromec-robot-in-its-horizontal-without-optional-2f40f1lt.png Fig. 2. The IROMEC robot in its horizontal (without optional mask) and vertical (with optional mask) configurations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-iromec-robot-assisted-play-scenarios-2m1famax.png Fig. 1. IROMEC robot assisted play scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-list-of-items-from-the-iromec-evaluation-questionnaire-20f7fhw4.png Fig. 3. List of items from the IROMEC evaluation questionnaire related to the https://scispace.com/papers/does-knowledge-diffusion-between-university-and-industry-4ybcu151x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-summary-statistics-2nq193lw.png Table V Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-exogenous-and-endogenous-variables-2tqfg2oj.png Table IV Exogenous and endogenous variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-estimation-results-dependent-variable-is-innovation-3oqnpzo3.png Table VI Estimation results, dependent variable is Innovation Sales https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-statistics-3gwdl2hy.png Table II Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-original-sample-data-treatment-overall-sample-and-1g9f2cr8.png Table I Original sample, data treatment, overall sample and subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-statistics-3a0l1rpb.png Table III Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-estimation-results-dependent-variable-is-patent-1b8er8wb.png Table VII Estimation results: Dependent variable is Patent application https://scispace.com/papers/does-money-for-grocery-expenditure-sway-italian-consumers-tgi20wpr75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-zero-order-correlations-among-1st-and-2nd-az5mh8nd.png Table 1 Estimated Zero-Order Correlations among 1st and 2nd Order Factors (n= 2797) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-model-of-attitude-toward-a-behavior-sem8959h.png Figure 2 Conceptual Model of Attitude toward a Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schwartzs-taxonomy-of-motivational-value-domains-1hkvmnum.png Figure 1 Schwartz’s Taxonomy of Motivational Value Domains Adapted from Schwartz (1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-multi-sample-cfa-models-fit-statistics-1h2hry9m.png Table 2 Summary of Multi-Sample CFA Models Fit Statistics for Assessing Configural and Metric Measurement Invariance (*only for Schwartz’s taxonomy) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unstandardized-solutions-standardized-between-3dg2tv5v.png Table 3 Unstandardized Solutions (Standardized between Brackets) – (*not Significant at the 95% Confidence Level) https://scispace.com/papers/does-outward-fdi-generate-higher-productivity-for-emerging-4k7evxv7wn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-productivity-effect-of-ofdi-at-the-overall-6k3qwpb0.png Table 3：Productivity Effect of OFDI——at the Overall Manufacturing Level14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-instantaneous-and-long-run-productivity-effect-of-3tjdj6r4.png Table 4: Instantaneous and Long-run Productivity Effect of OFDI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-framework-and-hypotheses-nxs7uh7p.png Figure 1: Theoretical framework and hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-and-correlations-3oj5gs0q.png Table 2: Summary Statistics and Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-moderating-effect-of-state-ownership-absorptive-1bucwwpi.png Figure 2: Moderating effect of state ownership, absorptive capacity and investment destination https://scispace.com/papers/does-poor-mental-health-explain-socio-demographic-gradients-onro5ooswe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-likelihood-of-attending-breast-screening-by-1ifrci37.png Table 2: The likelihood of attending breast screening by mental health status. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-to-show-data-linkage-procedure-athese-13fjacgb.png Figure 1. Diagram to show data linkage procedure. aThese individuals were aged <50 at the time of the 2011 Census and did not reach the eligible screening age within the study period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-characteristics-of-individuals-who-2kje4jit.png Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of individuals who reported chronic poor mental health. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-socio-demographic-variations-in-attendance-at-breast-20jyifla.png Table 3: Socio-demographic variations in attendance at breast screening in eligible women aged 50-70 before and after adjustment for the presence of chronic poor mental health. https://scispace.com/papers/does-selective-fishing-conserve-community-biodiversity-2j3a02q5ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-increasing-fishing-mortality-on-orr99ojc.png Figure 5. Effects of increasing fishing mortality on community metrics for the North Sea when size-selectivity is S- (a-d) or bell-shaped (e-h). Ffull is fully recruited fishing mortality. Line types and colors of the selectivity curves as in Fig. 2. a,e) evenness, b,f) size diversity, c,g) total catch in million tonnes, d,h) number of species collapsed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-b-georges-bank-c-d-north-sea-biomass-size-spectra-3pp9i2di.png Figure 6. a,b) Georges Bank, c,d) North Sea biomass size-spectra of simulated communities with S- (a,c) or bell-shaped (b,d) selectivity. Biomass million tonnes. Bold lines show the biomass spectra in unexploited communities (black) or in communities fished with Ffull = 0.8: Small selective fishing of small fish, Large selective fishing of large fish, S-shaped scenarios as in Table 1. Thin lines show the corresponding size-selection curves as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-the-von-bertalanffy-growth-r053x5o3.png Figure 1. Relationship between the von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (k) and asymptotic length (L) among fish species on George Bank (shaded circles) and in the North Sea (empty circles). Circle area is proportional to the maximum biomass of each species (Smax). The broken line is the fitted relationship between k and L from Gislason et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-community-metrics-for-north-sea-410s5zgq.png Figure 9. Distribution of community metrics for North Sea versus number of species fished, where the target set is selected randomly, for Ffull = 0.4. The bold line is the reference level for unselective fishing, that is, the level of the metric that would be reached when catching the same amount (total catch weight) if all species were targeted. Box: inter-quartile range, bold line: median. a) evenness, b) size diversity, c) total biomass in million tonnes, d) number of species collapsed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-size-selection-curves-simulated-in-the-model-bold-15bjmgm2.png Figure 2. Size-selection curves simulated in the model (bold lines, see parameters in Table 3) compared with curves estimated empirically (thin lines) for Georges Bank (top) and North Sea (bottom) species. (a,c) S-shaped small, black; S-shaped medium, dark gray; S-shaped large, light gray; (b,d). Bell-shaped targeting small fish, dashed, medium fish, dotted, or large fish, solid selectively, light grey or unselectively, dark grey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-food-web-matrix-for-the-21-north-sea-species-3mdfccc3.png Table 2. The food-web matrix for the 21 North-Sea species. Sources: (Daan et al. 1993, ICES 2005a, Pinnegar and Stafford 2007, Segers et al. 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-key-run-diagnostics-for-georges-bank-dashed-lines-3qbsu4lc.png Figure 3. Key-run diagnostics for Georges Bank (dashed lines, open circles) and the North Sea (solid lines, triangles). (a) Total biomass of the fish community at six levels of fishing mortality (Ffull, bars) compared with survey-derived biomass estimates (lines) for Georges Bank (left): averaged over 1963-2002 (grey) and 1963-1972 (black) and the North Sea (right): quarters 1 (black) and 3 (grey). (b) Ranked biomass of each species estimated by LeMANS with Ffull =0.2 (lines) compared with the biomass estimates that were used to estimate the stock-recruit parameter (points). (c) Size spectra estimated by LeMANS with Ffull =0.2 (lines) compared with average survey-derived size-spectra (points). (d) Average predation mortality for ages 0-1 estimated by LeMANS (black bars) and by MSVPA (grey bars) for (top) seven of the 21 North Sea species (ICES 2005a) and (bottom) six of the 21 Georges Bank species (Tsou and Collie 2001); Haddock M2 = 0.65, Silver hake M2 = 1.44. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-community-metrics-for-georges-bank-1u7zt1h6.png Figure 8. Distribution of community metrics for Georges Bank versus number of species fished, where the target set is selected randomly, for Ffull = 0.4. The bold line is the reference level for unselective fishing, that is, the level of the metric that would be reached when catching the same amount (total catch weight) if all species were targeted. Box: inter-quartile range, bold line: median. a) evenness, b) size diversity, c) total biomass in million tonnes, d) number of species collapsed. https://scispace.com/papers/does-sophistication-increase-partisan-bias-evidence-from-a-54bc6srmtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-the-interaction-of-voter-status-and-2p2kd2vo.png Table 5 The effect of the interaction of voter status and political news reading on satisfaction with the government in the first five ESS data rounds (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predictive-margins-of-voters-government-opposition-h4r4werg.png FIGURE 3. Predictive margins of voters’ government/opposition status with a 95% confidence interval, with regard to education. Dependent variable is satisfaction with the government, ranging from 0 to 10. Predictions for government voters are indicated with black, predictions for opposition voters are indicated with grey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-dependent-and-2nhjj0hk.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the dependent and independent variables (first seven rounds: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3vx2lwjw.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-the-interaction-of-voter-status-and-vsqlurdg.png Table 4 The effect of the interaction of voter status and sophistication on satisfaction with the government in the first five rounds (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-effect-of-the-interaction-of-voter-status-and-u6l06v15.png Table 7 The effect of the interaction of voter status and education on satisfaction with the government in the first five ESS data rounds (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-the-interaction-of-voter-status-and-210fwrlc.png Table 3 The effect of the interaction of voter status and sophistication on satisfaction with the government in the first seven rounds (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-the-interaction-of-voter-status-and-bant9fkg.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the dependent and independent variables (first seven rounds: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014). https://scispace.com/papers/does-task-related-identified-regulation-moderate-the-4u67gb7asc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unstandardized-estimates-for-the-three-equations-310b3oya.png Table 2 unStandardized eStimateS for the three equationS teSting the moderated mediation model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unstandardized-regression-estimates-based-on-the-23yz8p28.png Table 3 unStandardized regreSSion eStimateS baSed on the original and bootStraP SamPleS for the three regreSSion equationS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-hypothesized-moderated-mediational-model-27yjjxyt.png Figure 1. The Hypothesized Moderated-Mediational Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-oneway-analyses-of-variance-2emzutc3.png Table 1 reSultS of oneway analySeS of variance https://scispace.com/papers/does-teacher-professional-development-affect-content-and-1qfajdl6i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-estimated-effects-of-teacher-covariates-on-pre-vey5p5zs.png Table 6A Estimated Effects of Teacher Covariates on Pre-Institute CMP/CK Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-in-pre-institute-knowledge-and-growth-2di2bt6f.png Table 4 Differences in Pre-Institute Knowledge and Growth from Baseline Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7a-estimated-effects-of-teacher-covariates-on-pre-12g0n7lr.png Table 7A Estimated Effects of Teacher Covariates on Pre-Institute WA/CK Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-estimated-effects-of-teacher-covariates-on-pre-1i6y2jo3.png Table 5A Estimated Effects of Teacher Covariates on Pre-Institute CMP/KCT Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-teacher-characteristics-and-corresponding-knowledge-3iry5b1k.png Table 2 Teacher Characteristics and Corresponding Knowledge Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-8b-estimated-effects-of-teacher-covariates-on-changes-1rfz2rr9.png Table 8B Estimated Effects of Teacher Covariates on Changes in SPAN Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/table-8a-estimated-effects-of-teacher-covariates-on-pre-haznkmko.png Table 8B Estimated Effects of Teacher Covariates on Changes in SPAN Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-content-knowledge-for-teaching-scale-measures-3lqxnzl0.png Table 1 Content Knowledge for Teaching Scale Measures https://scispace.com/papers/does-teaching-problem-solving-skills-matter-an-evaluation-of-4l35b0pbe1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-means-and-standard-deviations-for-child-parent-xvwl394f.png Table 7 Means and Standard Deviations for Child/Parent Measures by Treatment Condition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parental-stress-index-total-score-2nk6sy09.png Figure 6. Parental Stress Index: Total score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cbcl-externalizing-behavior-problems-score-168ilf2p.png Figure 7. CBCL: Externalizing behavior problems score. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-data-for-declined-treatment-and-9u9jmo58.png Table 2 Demographic Data for Declined Treatment and Premature Termination Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-time-group-and-interaction-statistics-for-two-group-azt9qd2t.png Table 12 Time, Group, and Interaction Statistics for Two-Group, Repeated Measure ANO VA (T2, TJ, and T4-where applicable) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-time-group-and-interaction-statistics-for-two-group-21fjy3sf.png Table 8 Time, Group, and Interaction Statistics for Two-Group, Repeated Measure ANO VA (Tl, T2, T3, and T4-Where Applicable) https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-through-7-graphically-demonstrate-the-change-for-13c8p3l7.png Figures 2 through 7 graphically demonstrate the change for each outcome measure over assessment intervals. The incremental effect size between assessment intervals can be https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-and-anova-data-for-child-participation-2nk92661.png Table 4 Descriptive and ANOVA Data for Child Participation, Family Treatment Compliance, Parental Expectation, and Time Variables https://scispace.com/papers/does-the-crop-diversification-measure-impact-eu-farmers-1t09rmd8f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-of-relocated-area-due-to-1cie8i6z.png Figure 3. The distribution of relocated area due to diversification measure across farm population in EU-27 (all farms, relative change to baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crop-diversification-measure-as-implemented-in-ifm-2irutzya.png Table 1: Crop diversification measure as implemented in IFM-CAP 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-distribution-of-total-crop-production-change-11bukdtb.png Figure 4. The distribution of total crop production change due to diversification measure across farm population in EU-27 in EU-27 (all farms, % change) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-distribution-of-compliance-costs-due-to-4x545fis.png Figure 7. The distribution of compliance costs due to diversification measure across farm population in EU-27 (all farms, EUR per arable area) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-production-quantity-change-due-to-diversifcation-qyu3ssdp.png Table 4. Production quantity change due to diversifcation measure (relative change to baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-income-change-due-to-diversification-measure-farm-17kwtbgb.png Table 5. Income change due to diversification measure farm specialization (a) and farm size (b) (relative change to baseline) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-distribution-of-production-change-for-selected-3virvj5d.png Figure 5. The distribution of production change for selected crop sectors due to diversification measure across farm population in EU-27 (all farms, % change) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ifm-cap-model-description-15kq9nhj.png Figure 1. IFM-CAP model description https://scispace.com/papers/does-the-education-level-of-refugees-affect-natives-3o93vvqqs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-e-ect-of-information-treatment-on-beliefs-about-2z3bajgd.png Figure 1: E ect of information treatment on beliefs about refugees' education level https://scispace.com/figures/table-a14-we-regress-respondents-labor-market-competition-1ijavqtz.png Table A14, we regress respondents’ labor market competition and fiscal burden concerns on the two information treatment indicators. Consistent with the IV results in Table 4, the treatment High Skilled (Low Skilled) significantly increases (decreases) the summary index for respondents’ labor market concerns (column 1), but does not affect fiscal burden concerns. In line with the IV results in Table 5 and Appendix Table A11, the reduced-form results in Appendix Tables A15 and A16 reveal precisely estimated null effects on respondents’ general attitudes and other refugee-related statements, respectively. Similarly, Appendix Table A17 yields significant and positive treatment effects of treatment High Skilled on the importance of economic aspects for shaping respondents’ attitudes toward refugees, which corroborates our IV findings in Table 6. In sum, the fact that these intention-to-treat effects are in line with our findings in Sections 4.3 to 4.5 is reassuring since their causal interpretation does not depend on the validity of the exclusion restriction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-robust-standard-errors-reported-in-parentheses-signi-21imt7t9.png Table 1. Robust standard errors reported in parentheses. Signi cance levels: ∗ p<0.10, ∗∗ p<0.05, ∗∗∗ p<0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/does-the-impact-of-employment-protection-legislation-on-fdi-562276fk0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-stringency-of-overall-employment-protection-gs7wfcd9.png Table 1a: Stringency of overall employment protection legislation in selected countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-3h7c4lia.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-on-fdi-as-changes-11co3sfx.png Figure 1: Impact of on FDI as changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-stringency-of-employment-protection-legislation-for-82fsv1e7.png Table 1a: Stringency of overall employment protection legislation in selected countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-rationale-variable-description-and-summary-34i3dbg0.png Table 2: Variable rationale, variable description and summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-2kbswwzm.png Table 4: Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-1c-stringency-of-employment-protection-legislation-for-2mfmpf5s.png Table 1a: Stringency of overall employment protection legislation in selected countries https://scispace.com/papers/does-the-experience-of-parasocial-interaction-enhance-7ilhtpficr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zero-order-correlations-means-and-standard-k20tvx1x.png Table 1 Zero-Order Correlations, Means, and Standard Deviations for Study Measures https://scispace.com/papers/does-the-narrative-style-of-video-evidence-influence-cgvjsdcsud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-for-testimony-strength-rma-and-22k8yjcy.png Table 5 Regression Analysis for Testimony Strength, RMA and Response Length on Complainant Credibility and Defendant Guilt for Study 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inter-correlations-for-defendant-guilt-complainant-2r1xhe90.png Table 1 Inter-Correlations for Defendant Guilt, Complainant Credibility, Testimony Strength, RMA and Condition for All Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-for-testimony-strength-rma-and-380h4eri.png Table 2 Regression Analysis for Testimony Strength, RMA and Testimony Style on Complainant Credibility and Defendant Guilt for Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-for-testimony-strength-rma-and-3nwpfdzk.png Table 3 Regression Analysis for Testimony Strength, RMA and Number of Questions on Complainant Credibility and Defendant Guilt for Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analysis-for-testimony-strength-rma-and-2m3idatk.png Table 4 Regression Analysis for Testimony Strength, RMA and Testimony Length on Complainant Credibility and Defendant Guilt for Study 3 https://scispace.com/papers/does-wage-dispersion-make-all-firms-productive-4jho3nwexs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wage-dispersion-and-firm-productivity-ols-results-3innvsyf.png Table 3. Wage dispersion and firm productivity: OLS results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-selected-variables-17k47qen.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of selected variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-on-broad-occupational-groups-and-industries-1z0x9101.png Table 1. Studies on broad occupational groups and industries that do control for firm fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wage-dispersion-and-firm-productivity-fixed-effects-20ygoiuh.png Table 4. Wage dispersion and firm productivity: Fixed-effects and GMM results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wage-dispersion-and-firm-productivity-by-workforce-27crpfjb.png Table 5. Wage dispersion and firm productivity by workforce skill level and industrial relations regime https://scispace.com/papers/domain-independent-neural-underpinning-of-task-switching-an-39v5gjthdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-error-percentage-and-rts-and-standard-error-of-12n5cqy3.png Table I. Mean error percentage and RTs (and standard error of the mean) for the different taskswitching conditions and domains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-brain-activations-obtained-with-the-contrast-task-2fymehel.png Figure 2. Brain activations obtained with the contrast: task-switching vs. single task blocks with the spatial rules (A) and with the contrast: task-switching vs. single task blocks with the verbal rules (B). Only clusters which survived a False Discovery Rate multiple comparison correction of p = .05 at the cluster level are shown. The fMRI activations are shown superimposed to an MNI rendered brain available in SPM8 displayed in lateral and top-down views (neurological convention: left is left). L and R indicate left and right hemisphere, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-significant-cluster-activations-in-statistical-35vkpr8x.png Table III. Significant cluster activations in Statistical Lateralisation Map analyses (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-statistical-lateralisation-maps-of-15zk9k4t.png Figure 4. Results of the statistical lateralisation maps of the contrast between task-switching and single task blocks in the spatial (A) and verbal (B) domains. Only clusters which survived a False Discovery Rate multiple comparison correction of p = .05 at the cluster level are shown. L and R indicate left and right hemisphere, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-significant-cluster-activations-in-spm-analyses-1e87ptn0.png Table II. Significant cluster activations in SPM analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-common-activations-across-switch-types-i-e-spatial-tamck5r0.png Figure 3. Common activations across switch types (i.e., spatial and verbal) compared with the single-task blocks, as shown by a conjunction analysis. Only clusters which survived a False Discovery Rate multiple comparison correction of p = .05 at the cluster level are shown. L and R indicate left and right hemisphere, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/domain-decomposition-methods-in-a-geometrical-multiscale-5ajwwjlazf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-two-unknowns-s-hemes-the-orresponding-problems-whi-h-ezhfbeg7.png Table 6 Two unknowns s hemes, the orresponding problems whi h are solved, error estimates (in bold if pre onditioning) and referen es of the interfa e systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-di-eren-e-between-the-approximated-dmnnd-solution-27an0unl.png Figure 8 a) Di eren e between the approximated DmNND solution and the approximated monolithi solution of (1) over time. b) Evolution of the error a ording to q for the DmdRDR to solve (1), and RmDDR and RmDRD s hemes to solve (1)"rsa". ) Evolution of the error a ording to q for the DmdRRD options (four unknowns and two unknowns s hemes) to solve (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-four-variants-bgac6ea2.png Table 2 The four variants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-condition-numbers-error-estimates-lkwftyls.png Table 3 Condition numbers, error estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dmdrdr-ondition-numbers-error-estimates-35vjgjra.png Table 5 DmdRDR : ondition numbers, error estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-domain-e-b-the-domain-de-b25eqvat.png Figure 2 a) The domain Ωε. b) The domain Dε. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-di-eren-e-between-the-approximate-solutions-of-1-2py38pfo.png Figure 4 a) Di eren e between the approximate solutions of (1) and (1)"dsa". b) Di eren e between the approximate solutions of (1) and (1)"rsa" with q = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-approximate-solutions-of-1-and-1-dsa-b-the-28nt8e1b.png Figure 3 a) The approximate solutions of (1) and (1)"dsa". b) The exa t solution ( ontinuous line), the approximate solutions of (1) ( ), (1)"dsa" (+), and of (1)"rsa" (◦). https://scispace.com/papers/domestic-laundering-environmental-audit-in-glasgow-with-4apt5c245a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-boxplot-hmrqofzq.png Fig. 3 Boxplot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overnight-drying-juxtaposition-of-moisture-and-co2-2q7kapcz.png Fig. 2 Overnight drying juxtaposition of moisture and CO2 compared with evening occupancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-t-test-for-equality-of-means-1uhdchwz.png Table 8: t-test for Equality of Means https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-moisture-and-co2-relativity-in-a-bedroom-also-3avdjbt7.png Fig. 1 Typical moisture and CO2 relativity in a bedroom, also used for passive indoor drying. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-means-and-standard-deviations-2lm44s90.png TABLE 5: means and standard deviations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-air-quality-and-moisture-numerical-means-2a63hkb7.png TABLE 2: Air Quality and Moisture – numerical means https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-means-and-the-t-test-for-former-iv1-2-4-as-o-and-iv3-1yiqxkld.png Table 7: means and the t-test for former IV1, 2 & 4 as O and IV3 as 1.00 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-f-tests-comparing-drying-methods-12aaw3qy.png Table 6: F tests comparing drying methods https://scispace.com/papers/domestic-uk-retrofit-challenge-barriers-incentives-and-csk09qor63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-31moo03s.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/papers/dominant-s-wave-superconducting-gap-in-pdte2-observed-by-4mhjw0bv57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-di-dv-spectra-of-three-pdte2-junctions-with-different-15wnhhj8.png FIG. 1. dI/dV spectra of three PdTe2 junctions with different resistances measured at base temperature (gray circles). The red line is our best fit to the data. All relevant fitting parameters, as well as RN , are included in the panel. (a) dI/dV measurements and fit of a BTK model with a very transparent PdTe2/Au interface (RN = 30 ) and critical current effects. (b) dI/dV measurements and fit of a BTK model with a slightly less transparent PdTe2/Al2O3/Pd interface (RN = 167 ). (c) dI/dV measurements and fit of a BTK model with an opaque PdTe2/Al2O3/Au interface (RN = 2.16 k ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-additional-measurements-and-analysis-on-the-highest-2cf05lit.png FIG. 3. Additional measurements and analysis on the highest resistance sample. (a) dI/dV of the 2.16 k sample for different temperatures measured over a large range of bias voltage. For clarity, all the curves except for the 15 mK curve have been given a constant offset. (b) s-wave BTK fits (colored lines) to the measured dI/dV of the 2.16 k junction (gray circles) at different temperatures. Again, all the curves except for the 15 mK curve have been given a constant offset. The temperature and fitted gap are indicated next to the line. Z and are shared across the curves and are indicated in the top-right corner of the graph. (c) The superconducting gap from the BTK fits as a function of temperature (black circles) and the position of the shallow dip versus temperature (red circles). Dashed lines show the standard temperature dependence from BCS theory for a Tc of 1.7 K. (d) The height of the ZBCP as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-btk-model-for-conventional-s-wave-symmetry-a1u-and-3sbuzvj4.png FIG. 2. The BTK model for conventional s-wave symmetry, A1u, and Eu(1,0) pairing. (a)–(c) show the angle dependence of the gap, , indicating the shape of the OP and the fact that it is nodeless. (d)–(f) show the angle-dependent conductance at different energies calculated for barrier strength Z = 4. The colorscale reflects the conductance, where brighter colors indicate higher conductance. Both A1u (e) and Eu(1,0) (f) have helical edge states at zero energy. Note that due to the anisotropy of the Eu(1,0) pair potential, some of the states with large ky components on the normal metal side have no superconducting equivalent at the same energy and result in zero conductivity. (g)–(i) are the conductance spectra obtained for different dimensionless barrier strengths, Z, in the BTK model. They are the result of averaging the conductance over angles between −90◦ and +90◦. The legend in (i) shows which line represents which Z and is valid for (g) and (h) as well. https://scispace.com/papers/doppler-spectrum-from-moving-scatterers-in-a-random-4h7yfrks6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-situation-with-fixed-random-scatterers-xjcw70ur.png Fig. 1. Geometry of the situation with fixed random scatterers and a moving external scatterer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-doppler-spectra-for-body-mounted-arrays-in-the-extmov-17izyylg.png Fig. 8. Doppler spectra for body mounted arrays in the ‘ExtMov’ scenario where a single person is walking near the user, and the ‘Static’ scenario with little activity in the channel. The curves are normalized to have a peak of 0 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-doppler-spectra-for-body-mounted-arrays-in-the-free-o1cwwdjb.png Fig. 7. Doppler spectra for body mounted arrays in the ‘Free’ scenario with people walking close by, and the ‘Static’ scenario with little activity in the channel. The curves are normalized to have a peak of 0 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bandwidth-of-doppler-spectrum-at-the-20-db-level-for-19cn4zly.png Fig. 9. Bandwidth of Doppler spectrum at the −20 dB level for all combinations of ‘Free’, ‘Static’, ‘ExtMov’ scenarios for both the body mounted (‘Ba’ labels) and laptop arrays (‘La’ labels). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dashed-line-doppler-spectrum-from-a-moving-scatterer-3b2w2la1.png Fig. 2. Dashed line: Doppler spectrum from a moving scatterer at an angle of β = 45◦ with zero direct field at antenna. Uniform scattering pattern. Solid line: Same averaged over all angles, the ‘Akki’ spectrum [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-doppler-spectra-for-laboratory-measurements-nlos-case-1g58eqkd.png Fig. 11. Doppler spectra for laboratory measurements, NLOS case. Note that all curves are normalized to have a peak of 0 dB, but the spectrum is cut at an upper y-axis limit of −20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-doppler-spectra-for-laboratory-measurements-los-case-2n4zv5ba.png Fig. 10. Doppler spectra for laboratory measurements, LOS case. Note that all curves are normalized to have a peak of 0 dB, but the spectrum is cut at an upper y-axis limit of −20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-scattering-around-a-conducting-56taa4g0.png Fig. 3. Two-dimensional scattering around a conducting cylinder of radius 20 cm at 6 GHz with electric field along the axis. The incident field is a plane wave from direction φ = 0◦ and the observation radius is 60 cm. The forward scattering direction corresponds to φ = 180◦ . The peaking of the scattered field and the shadowing of the total field is apparent in the forward scattering direction. https://scispace.com/papers/dopnet-a-deep-convolutional-neural-network-to-recognize-1d9q08mnce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-for-dopnet-19o92md5.png Fig. 2. Architecture for DopNet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-dwell-time-1s-dopnet-20-training-21-norm-method-2n79rgas.png TABLE VII DWELL TIME 1S, DOPNET, 20% TRAINING, `21-NORM METHOD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-dwell-time-1s-dopnet-20-training-bv-method-a-1e6fs7gf.png TABLE V DWELL TIME 1S, DOPNET, 20% TRAINING, BV METHOD, A INDICATES ANGLE IN THE FOLLOWING TWO FIGURES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-dwell-time-1s-20-training-gir-method-c8yyidcg.png TABLE VI DWELL TIME 1S, 20% TRAINING, GIR METHOD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-all-nodes-and-all-angles-in-dwell-time-1s-2-5s-20-3smtnrx4.png TABLE IV ALL NODES AND ALL ANGLES IN, DWELL TIME: 1S-2.5S, 20% TRAINING, MONO-DATA ONLY, PERCENTAGE IN (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-node-1-dwell-time-1s-2-5s-20-training-mono-data-1ct2sqvb.png TABLE III NODE 1, DWELL TIME: 1S-2.5S, 20% TRAINING, MONO-DATA ONLY, PERCENTAGE IN (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-raw-doppler-signature-of-a-target-walking-unarmed-21oudgm3.png Fig. 4. (a)Raw Doppler signature of a target walking unarmed from angle 1, using receiver node 1; Two black bounding boxes indicate two augmented µDS, with window width of 1s and window height of 100Hz. (b) Augmentation Results: (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are four augmented data examples generated from the 5-second µ-DS signature shown in Fig.4. The augmentation method and parameters are illustrated in Sec.III-B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raw-doppler-signature-of-walking-among-three-angle-3kwxza6x.png Fig. 5. Raw Doppler Signature of Walking among three angle, node and classes. All x-axis with unit of second while all y-axis with unit of Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/doping-use-in-sport-teams-the-development-and-validation-of-1nrfhjz020 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-reliability-and-zero-order-3m20g6eo.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics, reliability and zero-order correlations among all the key measures across of the third study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-invariant-effects-of-socio-cognitive-variables-1lij7dbp.png Table 4 The invariant effects of socio-cognitive variables on team athletes' prospective intentions across Italy, Germany and Greece sample. https://scispace.com/papers/double-pulsed-diffusional-kurtosis-imaging-for-the-in-vivo-3q8wwvf3pr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-6d-diffusion-encoding-directions-2bo23qrz.png Table 1. 6D diffusion-encoding directions. https://scispace.com/papers/doubly-n-functionalized-pentafulvenes-and-redox-responsive-n-37appx955g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-structure-of-the-cation-of-7hthpf6-3a5njocr.png Figure 4. Molecular structure of the cation of 7HþPF6 -. Selected bond distances (Å) and torsion angles (deg): C(11)-N(1)= 1.298(15), C(24)-N(2)=1.318(11); C(6)-C(10)-C(11)-N(1)= -23(1), C(10)-C(6)-C(24)-N(2) = 5(1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-structure-of-11-selected-bond-distances-a-1hpzixgr.png Figure 5. Molecular structure of 11. Selected bond distances (Å) and torsion angles (deg): C(11)-N(1)=1.269(4), C(19)-N(2)= 1.270(4); C(6)-C(10)-C(11)-N(1) =-162.5(4), C(6)-C(7)C(19)-N(2) = 159.0(3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-structure-of-7-selected-bond-distances-a-2omwla3o.png Figure 3. Molecular structure of 7. Selected bond distances (Å) and torsion angles (deg): C(11)-N(1)=1.283(2), C(24)-N(2)= 1.282(2); C(6)-C(10)-C(11)-N(1) = 152.4(2), C(10)-C(6)C(24)-N(2) = 147.3(2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-4-selected-bond-distances-a-1cokikk0.png Figure 1. Molecular structure of 4. Selected bond distances (Å) and angles (deg): C(1)-C(2)= 1.470(3), C(2)-C(3)= 1.398(3), C(3)-C(4) = 1.393(3), C(4)-C(5) = 1.369(3), C(1)-C(5) = 1.430(3), C(1)-C(6) = 1.402(3), N(1)-C(6) = 1.337(3), C(2)C(14) = 1.429(3), N(2)-C(14) = 1.307(3); dihedral angle of plane C(1)-C(6)-N(1) versus C(7)-phenyl group 57.6(1), dihedral angle of plane C(1)-C(6)-N(1) versus C(8)-aryl group 68.2(1), dihedral angle of plane C(2)-C(14)-N(2) versus C(15)phenyl group 84.8(1), dihedral angle of plane C(2)-C(14)-N(2) versus C(16)-aryl group 84.4(1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structure-of-5-selected-bond-distances-a-2r4pbhbz.png Figure 2. Molecular structure of 5. Selected bond distances (Å): C(1)-C(2) = 1.438(2), C(2)-C(3) = 1.371(2), C(3)-C(4) = 1.453(2), C(4)-C(5) = 1.347(2), C(1)-C(5) = 1.446(2), C(1)C(6)=1.381(2), N(1)-C(6)=1.338(2), C(3)-C(14)=1.460(2), N(2)-C(14) = 1.275(2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cyclic-voltammogramof-complex-11-0-1mnbu4pf6-ch2cl2-9ttbal8i.png Figure 8. Cyclic voltammogramof complex 11 (0.1MNBu4PF6/ CH2Cl2, room temperature) at v = 0.1 V/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cyclic-voltammetry-of-complex-9-0-1-m-nbu4pf6-3tw2t59t.png Figure 6. Cyclic voltammetry of complex 9 (0.1 M NBu4PF6/ CH2Cl2, room temperature) at (a) v=0.05 V/s, (b) v=0.4 V/s, and (c) v = 10 V/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cyclic-voltammogram-of-complex-10-0-1-m-nbu4pf6-q4c8lh2x.png Figure 7. Cyclic voltammogram of complex 10 (0.1 M NBu4PF6/CH2Cl2,room temperature) at v = 0.1 V/s. https://scispace.com/papers/dpp-4-inhibitors-in-the-management-of-type-2-diabetes-a-4hs3qvef67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-head-to-head-trials-comparing-a-dpp-4-inhibitor-and-3hxqqvl5.png Table 3 : Head-to-head trials comparing a DPP-4 inhibitor and a placebo or an active glucose-lowering agent (uptitration of initial dose of sulphonylurea [SU] or metformin) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients already treated with a SU or a thiazolidinedione (TZD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-changes-95-confidence-interval-in-hba1c-upper-and-3jz3vbk3.png Fig. 1. Mean changes (95% confidence interval) in HbA1c (upper) and body weight (lower) in head-to-head trials comparing a gliptin and metformin in drug-naive patients (10 trials), a gliptin and a sulphonylurea (SU) in metformin-treated patients (eight trials), and a gliptin and a glitazone (TZD) in both drug-naive and metformintreated patients (eight trials). P values are for between-treatment differences. Note that some trials were computed twice or three times, as specific reports were published after various follow-up durations (24, 54 and/or 104 weeks). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-head-to-head-trials-comparing-a-dpp-4-inhibitor-and-3iiy9t1o.png Table 2 : Head-to-head trials comparing a DPP-4 inhibitor and an active glucose-lowering agent (sulphonylurea, thiazolidinedione, exenatide or liraglutide), and one trial of sitagliptin vs saxagliptin, in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients already treated with metformin (> 1500 mg/day). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-head-to-head-trials-comparing-a-dpp-4-inhibitor-and-e39hya47.png Table 1 : Head-to-head trials comparing a DPP-4 inhibitor and an active glucose-lowering agent (metformin, a thiazolidinedione or acarbose) in drug-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-head-to-head-trials-comparing-a-dpp-4-inhibitor-and-p8lelaek.png Table 4 : Head-to-head trials comparing a DPP-4 inhibitor and an active glucose-lowering agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients already treated with a combined oral therapy [sulphonylurea (SU) + metformin or SU + thiazolidinedione (TZD)] or insulin (with or without metformin). https://scispace.com/papers/drag-force-for-a-burning-particle-1ior89vy9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-local-pressure-and-friction-coefficient-distribution-fvmflkr4.png Fig. 4 Local pressure and friction coefficient distribution of particles with different https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-contours-in-the-neighborhood-of-particles-2px0z4ll.png Fig. 5 Temperature contours in the neighborhood of particles with reaction rates (Tparticle=1500K, Dp=400μm, Re=5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-drag-force-of-simulation-cases-and-yhnm9veg.png Fig. 16 Comparison of drag force of simulation cases and predicted drag force (a) Re=5, (b) Re=10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-simulation-data-experimental-data-1-and-2ca9dhjf.png Fig. 15 Comparison of simulation data, experimental data [1], and Eq.(19) https://scispace.com/papers/downscaling-changing-coastlines-in-a-changing-climate-the-3dx9u7amvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predictor-x-dwt-lattice-and-different-weather-type-2ew8urmb.png Figure 4. Predictor X . DWT lattice and different weather type patterns: Boreal summer in green (DWT 7), boreal winter in purple (DWT 19), and TC activity in red (DWT 80). The blue-white-red color scale refers to the SLP in hectopascal (hPa). The left panels show the total monthly DWT probability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mosaic-of-the-study-site-u-s-east-coast-showing-the-1nbcx9e9.png Figure 2. Mosaic of the study site. U.S. East Coast showing the capes and shoals along North and South Carolina. White dots show the location of NDBC buoys. Yellow dots are the location of the offshore hindcast (GOW2) and one of the nodes from the nearshore propagation (Loc14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reconstruction-of-temporal-series-three-upper-3ny5hs8s.png Figure 8. Reconstruction of temporal series. Three upper panels: black lines represent the downscaled time series in the period 1979–2014 and red lines the measured values at the buoy NDBC_41013 at 28 m depth (Figure 2). Squared lower panels: scatter plots of the downscaled daily wave climate (model) against the daily buoy record (Buoy NDBC_41013, empirical). The color map of the scatters represents the density of points, yellow is the maximum density, and blue the minimum. rho is the correlation coefficient, and RMS is the root-mean-square error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-yearly-values-black-10-year-running-mean-of-yearly-q48v1n3r.png Figure 12. Yearly values (black), 10 year running mean of yearly values (red) and decadal (blue) A and U parameters for the study period in location Loc14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cem-model-results-the-middle-panel-shows-the-10-4kog35qx.png Figure 13. CEM model results. The middle panel shows the 10 year running mean of the yearly shoreline change rate; red is erosion, and blue is accretion. The lower panel is the initial model shoreline with scales resembling the Carolina capes. The right panel shows the yearly values of A and U (dotted lines) and the 10 year running mean of yearly values (continuous lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predictand-w0-the-upper-panels-show-the-2xphfrss.png Figure 5. Predictand W0. The upper panels show the multivariate classification of wave height (Hs), period (Tp) and mean direction (𝜃), and wind intensity (W) and direction (𝜃W ). The different colored dots represent the population within a cluster and the black dots the centroids for each of the 81 clusters. The lower panel shows the centroids projected in a lattice of 9 × 9. Blue scale is the occurrence probability for the period of 1979–2014. White-yellow-red-black scale represents the wave height (HS). The arrow represents the mean direction (𝜃)). The length and gray scale of the arrow represents the period (TP). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-gownodes-g-against-buoys-and-igp1at4v.png Table 1 Comparison of GOWNodes (G) Against Buoys and Validation of the Hybrid Downscaling (D) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nearshore-wave-transformationw0-whr-upper-scatters-374qehd8.png Figure 7. Nearshore wave transformationW0 ⇒ WHR. Upper scatters show the 200 selected wave climate conditions (red dots) over the wave climate data (black dots). The lower panels show two representative wave transformations in the computational domain for northern and southern wave direction components. The arrow orientation represents the mean wave direction. The white-yellow-red-black scale represents the wave height. The vectors on top of lower panels are the boundary conditions imposed for each propagation [ Hs(m), Tp(s), 𝜃(∘),W(m∕s), 𝜃W (∘) ] . https://scispace.com/papers/drain-tank-information-for-developing-design-basis-of-the-4i13bfcraq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mass-transient-diagram-1sg95ygz.png Fig. 3. Mass transient diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-air-pad-specification-sheet-4n2gus7k.png Fig. 14. Air pad specification sheet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-coolant-activation-concentration-for-various-iter-2plonk3w.png Table 6. Coolant activation concentration for various ITER components and cooling systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-depressurization-mode-8bg3ft7l.png Fig. 28. Depressurization mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-anchor-bolt-embedded-plate-option-4wqv3eh3.png Fig. 16. Anchor bolt embedded plate option. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-drain-tank-configuration-safety-drain-tank-size-does-1auda1zm.png Fig. 4. Drain tank configuration (safety drain tank size does not represent relative size). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-front-view-of-drain-tank-area-safety-drain-tank-size-kryvadbx.png Fig. 5. Front view of drain tank area (safety drain tank size does not represent relative size). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-basic-preliminary-dimensions-of-the-drain-tank-area-3j3hux2r.png Fig. 6. Basic preliminary dimensions of the drain tank area (units: m); height of building: 10.7 m. https://scispace.com/papers/drawing-sound-as-landscape-20kyte7daj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-analysis-of-green-meadows-david-buck-2iqeh1cs.png Figure 2: Temporal analysis of Green Meadows. David Buck, charcoal on paper, 1126mm x1600mm, 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-extracts-from-the-film-of-a-prescriptive-notation-demy36oj.png Figure 4: Extracts from the film of a prescriptive notation for an auditory landscape, titled 923 Above. David Buck, charcoal on paper, 1126mmx1600mm, 2013. To be read vertically from upper left. To view the video, see DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/opt.cb.2. David Buck, video duration 2’07”, 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-notational-marks-david-buck-charcoal-on-1b9mig6b.png Figure 1: Initial notational marks. David Buck, charcoal on paper, 1126mmx1600mm, 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-extracts-from-the-film-six-hundred-and-fifty-five-3fei1ow9.png Figure 3: Extracts from the film Six Hundred and Fifty Five Seconds, a descriptive notation of landscape sounds. David Buck, charcoal on paper, 1126mmx1600mm, 2013. To be read vertically from upper left. To view the video, see DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/opt.cb.1. David Buck, video duration 2’43”, 2013. https://scispace.com/papers/dramatically-enhanced-polarization-in-001-101-and-111-bifeo3-4tg7ybpxji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-interplanar-spacing-and-lateral-1759w8nb.png TABLE I. Summary of interplanar spacing and lateral correlation lengths oriented from small area reciporcal lattice scans for the variously oriented BiFeO3 films and crystal. Peak splitting was observed along thes101d and s111d, the relative intensities are designated byI, and the weaker peak is designated by brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reciprocal-lattice-scans-for-various-oriented-bifeo3-hfghm2bf.png FIG. 2. Reciprocal lattice scans for various oriented BiFeO3 films. (a) s001d scan for s111d film; (b) s101d scan fors111d film; (c) s111d scan for s111d film; (d) s001d scan for s101d film; (e) s101d scan fors101d film; (f) s111d scan for s101d film; (g) s001d scan fors001d film; (h) s101d scan for s001d film; and(i) s001d scan fors111d film. The values ofsHKLd are normalized to those of BiFeO3 single crystals, i.e., sH ,K ,Ldcrystal=s1,1,1d. Intensity is given on a log scale. The grey arrows indicate the lattice parameters of the SrTiO3 substrate. https://scispace.com/papers/drift-an-analysis-of-outcome-framing-in-intertemporal-choice-48x9vjrbb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnitude-effect-in-all-conditions-of-experiment-2-19hqgpgr.png Figure 4. Magnitude effect in all conditions of Experiment 2. Numbers in bars indicate magnitude of xS. Error bars indicate 1.96 standard errors of the mean. LL Larger, Later option. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-patience-in-all-conditions-of-experiment-4-1og085m1.png Figure 7. Mean patience in all conditions of Experiment 4. Numbers in bars indicate delays. Error bars indicate 1.96 standard errors of the mean. LL Larger, Later option. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-percentage-of-patient-choices-larger-later-ll-2q1k0621.png Table 1 Mean Percentage of Patient Choices (Larger, Later [LL] Option) in All Conditions of Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patience-choice-of-larger-later-ll-option-in-amount-8fc8isyz.png Figure 1. Patience (choice of Larger, Later [LL] option) in Amount and Interest-rate conditions of Experiment 1 when xS $700 and $70K. Numbers in bars indicate delays in years. Error bars indicate 1.96 standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-patience-in-all-conditions-of-experiment-2-when-2szt1997.png Figure 3. (A) Patience in all conditions of Experiment 2 when xS $700. (B) Patience in all conditions of Experiment 2 when xS $70K. Numbers in bars indicate delays. Error bars indicate 1.96 standard errors of the mean. LL Larger, Later option. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-magnitude-effect-in-all-conditions-of-experiment-3-191ic3i2.png Figure 6. Magnitude effect in all conditions of Experiment 3. Numbers in bars indicate magnitude of xS. Error bars indicate 1.96 standard errors of the mean. LL Larger, Later option. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-percentage-of-patient-choices-larger-later-ll-3uc7n8me.png Table 4 Mean Percentage of Patient Choices (Larger, Later [LL] Option) in All Conditions of Experiments 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-patience-in-all-conditions-of-experiment-3-2jivmeyv.png Figure 5. Mean patience in all conditions of Experiment 3. Numbers in bars indicate delays. Error bars indicate 1.96 standard errors of the mean. LL Larger, Later option. https://scispace.com/papers/drift-and-pluralization-in-international-trade-50jstjnn3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-destination-of-north-african-exports-as-a-percentage-1bc9ugok.png TABLE 2. DESTINATION OF NORTH AFRICAN EXPORTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPORTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mutual-economic-importance-of-periphery-and-center-2s60chs1.png TABLE 5. MUTUAL ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PERIPHERY AND CENTER: NORTH AFRICA, LATIN AMERICA https://scispace.com/papers/driving-torsion-scans-with-wavefront-propagation-1omoq3t5un 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-diagrams-showing-two-different-modes-of-2i10s6lv.png Figure 7: Diagrams showing two different modes of TorsionDrive operation. (a) In standalone execution mode, the TorsionDrive algorithm will generate new geometry optimizations which the Task Execution System ships to compute nodes and back to iterate over the procedure described in the Methods section. (b) Within the QCArchive ecosystem, the user can submit a new TorsionDrive via QCPortal to interact with a QCFractal server which can run many concurrent TorsionDrives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-image-for-typical-usage-of-the-visualization-11mo6vl5.png Figure 6: Image for typical usage of the visualization notebook. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-two-dimensional-torsion-scans-of-xyfet0ae.png Figure 3: Comparison of two dimensional torsion scans of glutamine dipeptide at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Contour lines are drawn at 5 kcal/mol intervals. (a) Line drawing and initial 3-D structure of scanned molecule. The two coupled torsion angles being scanned are denoted by red curved arrows, and more specifically by indexed atoms ϕ(1-2-34) and ψ(2-3-4-5). (b) Wavefront propagation scan with TorsionDrive; (c) Sequential scan results in column-major order (consecutive elements of ψ are next to each other, and ϕ is incremented upon completion of scanning ψ); (d) Sequential scan results in row-major order (consecutive elements of ϕ are next to each other). Red arrows conceptually illustrate ordering of dimensions and scan directions. Starred regions indicate where the potential energy surfaces differ significantly (red = higher energy). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-torsiondrive-method-illustration-steps-proceed-from-tvngrz8i.png Figure 1: TorsionDrive method illustration. Steps proceed from top to bottom. Red: new active point; Orange: active point from last step; Blue: inactive point. Arrow: constrained optimizations that were carried out in the current step. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-2d-scans-torsion-four-atoms-numbered-34uebkzk.png Figure 5: Comparison of 2D scans (torsion - four atoms numbered in chemical structure; improper - marked by red in above chemical structure) for characterizing PES of a molecular motor at B3LYP-D3/3-21G level of theory. Chemical structures of three local minima are drawn on the top, with gray and bold indicating behind and in front of the plane; result of wavefront propagation scan using TorsionDrive is shown in the middle; result of serial relaxed scan is shown at the bottom. The results were generated using geomeTRIC as the geometry optimization codes, interfaced with Psi4 for gradient calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-torsional-potential-surfaces-computed-3t3l2e3r.png Figure 4: Comparison of torsional potential surfaces computed using TorsionDrive with single vs. multiple starting conformations. (a) One-dimensional scans of torsion angle formed by atoms O-C-C-O started from one conformation (+) vs. multiple conformations (?). Red color indicates lowest energy structure. (b) 3-D renderings of lowest energy structures found in (4a). (c) 2D torsion scan along O-C-C-O and H-O-C-C torsion angles. 1D scan results for single and multiple starting conformations are mapped onto the heat-map as (+, ?), with colored symbols indicating starting structures. The 1D scan using multiple starting conformations finds the lowest energy conformer on the 2D scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-one-dimensional-torsion-scans-for-2x9pzc74.png Figure 2: Comparison of one dimensional torsion scans for zwitterionic 3-fluoro-4-(1,3,5triazin-2-yl)phenol carried out at B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. (a) Molecular structure with labeled indices for the torsion being scanned. (b) Result of serial relaxed scan with scan direction indicated and 3-D rendering of highest energy structure. (c) Result of wavefront propagation scan using TorsionDrive. The geomeTRIC package was used to carry out the constrained optimizations in both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-example-usage-of-the-qcarchive-infrastructure-13pj6anw.png Figure 8: An example usage of the QCArchive infrastructure stack where QCPortal is used to build a hydrogen peroxide molecule from an XYZ file. A TorsionDrive is then submitted for the H-O-O-H dihedral angle use the geomeTRIC geometry optimizer and the PM6 level of theory using MOPAC. The computation is then retrieved from the server and the energy at 18◦ is displayed. https://scispace.com/papers/droop-free-distributed-control-of-ac-microgrids-3kdvz5tyn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-controller-performance-with-non-ideal-communication-s2iw43tg.png Fig. 10. Controller performance with non-ideal communication channel. Supplied active and reactive powers for (a) delay = 1 ms and BW = 100 kHz, (b) delay = 50 ms and BW = 10 kHz, and (c) delay = 150 ms and BW = 1 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-voltage-averaging-policy-at-each-node-dynamic-1woxw7x9.png Fig. 5. Voltage averaging policy at each node; dynamic consensus protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-resiliency-to-failure-in-link-3-4-a-bus-voltage-phase-3dj5lxgu.png Fig. 12. Resiliency to failure in Link 3-4: (a) Bus voltage (phase-to-neutral), (b) Inverter frequency, (c) Supplied reactive power, and (d) Supplied active power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-of-the-entire-microgrid-a-interaction-between-31wiwk1x.png Fig. 6. Model of the entire microgrid: (a) Interaction between the physical layer and the control/cyber layer, (b) Quiescent analysis, (c) Small-signal analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-evaluation-of-the-proposed-controller-a-1ytbr43c.png Fig. 9. Performance evaluation of the proposed controller: (a) Bus voltage (phase-to-neutral), (b) Inverter frequency set points, (c) First voltage correction term, 1 i ed , (d) Second voltage correction term, 2 i ed , (e) Supplied reactive power, (f) Supplied active power, (g) Load reactive power, and (h) Load active power. Power ratings of the inverters 1 and 2 are twice those of inverters 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-cooperative-secondary-control-for-the-source-atitsrbw.png Fig. 2. Proposed cooperative secondary control for the Source i, of the AC microgrid. Note data exchange with the neighbor nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-functionality-of-the-tertiary-controller-in-the-grid-23gqyxnr.png Fig. 4. Functionality of the tertiary controller in the grid-connected mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ac-microgrid-prototype-a-inverter-modules-b-dsapce-2wz6ehrl.png Fig. 7. AC microgrid prototype: (a) Inverter modules, (b) dSAPCE processor board (DS1006), (c) Programming and monitoring PC, (d) RL loads. https://scispace.com/papers/dryland-performance-of-sweet-sorghum-and-grain-crops-for-2x3fen9gxs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-values-used-for-estimation-of-ethanol-30heyvu2.png Table 3. Parameter values used for estimation of ethanol yields, GHG emissions, and energy balances of corn, grain sorghum, and sweet sorghum in Nebraska. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-plant-population-n-rate-and-cultivar-effects-on-2dxhfvxr.png Table 4. Plant population, N rate, and cultivar effects on seven sweet sorghum properties at seven Nebraska site-years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculated-ethanol-yield-of-corn-grain-sorghum-and-7gv4rlpu.png Fig. 1. Calculated ethanol yield of corn, grain sorghum, and sweet sorghum at three sites in 2007 and four sites in 2008 in Nebraska. The ANOVA was combined for sites in 2007 and the LSD 0.05 was 507 L ha–1. The 2008 sites were analyzed separately because of sites with a missing crop or cultivar; the Y-bars indicate the LSD 0.05 for each site. HPAL, High Plains Agricultural Laboratory; NCTA, Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture; SCAL, South Central Agricultural Laboratory; WCREC, West Central Research and Extension Center. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-yields-and-calculated-co2e-emissions-for-grain-20yhwj5v.png Table 5. Mean yields and calculated CO2e emissions for grain and sugar produced (kg Mg –1), ethanol produced (kg Mg–1), and energy balances of corn, grain sorghum, and sweet sorghum (‘M81E’, ‘Keller’, and ‘Simon’) at seven Nebraska site-years. Grain crops included a standard energy and GHG coproduct credit, while no coproduct was included for sweet sorghum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-life-cycle-net-energy-yield-and-reduction-of-nei3z8wx.png Fig. 2. Average life cycle net energy yield and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared with gasoline of ethanol produced from sweet sorghum and grain crops in a study conducted at seven site-years in Nebraska. Error bars indicate the standard deviation based on data from seven site-years. Calculations did not account for potential N2O emissions resulting from use of grain and grain coproducts, and assumed the most efficient grain biorefinery configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-and-agronomic-information-for-sweet-sorghum-26kjakes.png Table 1. Soil and agronomic information for sweet sorghum research at seven Nebraska site-years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monthly-rainfall-and-mean-minimum-and-maximum-1ozi66xh.png Table 2. Monthly rainfall and mean minimum and maximum temperature for seven Nebraska site-years in 2007 and 2008. https://scispace.com/papers/dryophthorine-weevils-in-dominican-amber-coleoptera-4018ztme98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-3-photomicrographs-of-dominican-amber-10fspszf.png Figures 1–3. Photomicrographs of Dominican amber dryophthorine weevils. 1. Lateral aspect of holotype of Stenommatus pulvereus, new species (USNM 502681) (length of specimen 2.6 mm, including rostrum). 2. Ventral aspect of holotype of S. pulvereus. 3. Dorsal aspect of holotype of D. acarophilus, new species (USNM 502865) (length of specimen 1.9 mm, including rostrum). Arrows point out the positions of the associated mites. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-10-11-line-illustrations-of-dryophthorus-acarophilus-1riklgmt.png Figures 10–11. Line illustrations of Dryophthorus acarophilus, new species (USNM 502865), drawn as preserved. 10. Dorsal aspect of head and anterior of prothorax (scale bar = 0.5 mm). 11. Hind leg (scale bar = 0.25 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figures-4-9-line-illustrations-of-stenommatus-pulvereus-new-2gzvb1gk.png Figures 4–9. Line illustrations of Stenommatus pulvereus, new species (USNM 502681), drawn as preserved. 4. Dorsal aspect of head and anterior prothorax. 5. Lateral aspect of head and anterior prothorax. 6. Hind leg. 7. Ventral aspect of prothorax showing position of procoxae (prosternal depression omitted). 8. Antenna. 9. Ventral aspect of head and anterior prothorax. All scale bars = 0.5 mm, except 0.25 mm for figure 8. https://scispace.com/papers/dsmc-simulations-of-turbulent-flows-at-moderate-reynolds-4l58g4bz0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dns-and-dsmc-u-velocity-fields-at-9t-maximum-13k3vqk4.png FIGURE 1. DNS and DSMC u velocity fields at 9T (maximum dissipation) have almost identical flow structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dsmc-mcf-streamwise-velocity-profiles-on-midplane-3pwghi76.png FIGURE 4. DSMC MCF streamwise velocity profiles on midplane between walls show sustained turbulence with several cycles of regeneration and decay of coherent structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dsmc-and-dns-mcf-results-left-shear-stress-averaged-v9zrrrck.png FIGURE 5. DSMC and DNS MCF results. Left: shear stress averaged over both walls. Right: law of the wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-minimal-couette-flow-mcf-physical-domain-rgga77bq.png FIGURE 3. Minimal Couette Flow (MCF) physical domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-energy-dissipation-rate-as-a-function-of-time-2uq68bpr.png FIGURE 2. Left: energy dissipation rate as a function of time. Right: kinetic-energy spectra near maximum dissipation. https://scispace.com/papers/dual-setting-calcium-phosphate-cement-modified-with-ammonium-2vzieu7hc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shown-are-sem-images-of-fracture-surface-of-a-r96w9uw3.png FIG. 5. Shown are SEM images of fracture surface of: A) composition I, B) composition II, C) composition III, and D) composition IV, after 7 days of immersion in SBF at 36.5°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cement-compositions-studied-in-this-work-137rj90o.png TABLE 1. Cement compositions studied in this work https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-starting-a-tcp-3hme57t1.png FIG. 1. A) X-ray diffraction pattern of the starting a-TCP powder is shown. B) X-ray diffraction patterns of the cement compositions after immersion in SBF at 36.5°C are shown. Illustrated are (a) composition I immersed for 24 hours; (b) composition I immersed for 7 days; (c) composition II immersed for 24 hours; (d) composition II immersed for 7 days; (e) composition III immersed for 24 hours; (f) composition III immersed for 7 days; (g) composition IV immersed for 24 hours; (h) composition IV immersed for 7 days. (a) a-TCP; (b) b-TCP; (A) hydroxyapatite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-compressive-strength-of-the-compositions-containing-2vtasgc9.png FIG. 2. A) Compressive strength of the compositions containing AA and PA, after 24 hours and 7 days of immersion in SBF, is shown. B) Tensile strength of the compositions containing AA and PA, after 24 hours and 7 days of immersion in SBF, is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-infrared-spectra-after-immersion-in-sbf-at-36-5degc-3vlxsmh0.png FIG. 4. Infrared spectra after immersion in SBF at 36.5°C for 7 days are shown. Shown are (a) composition I; (b) composition II; (c) composition III; and (d) composition IV. https://scispace.com/papers/dsp-based-sensor-fault-tolerant-control-of-electric-vehicle-f0tm0rth1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-experimental-setup-agt13bpi.png Fig. 9. The experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-speed-sensor-simulated-failures-and-recovery-1ohh4w5i.png Fig. 5. Speed sensor simulated failures and recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ev-fault-tolerant-control-performances-with-maximum-2ov2kzuh.png Fig. 8. EV fault-tolerant control performances with maximum likelihood voting: Encoder (blue), EKF (green), AO (red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mlv-algorithm-speed-selection-d9wfyh6q.png Fig. 6. MLV algorithm speed selection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ev-induction-motor-speed-european-urban-and-extra-r48h0y28.png Fig. 7. The EV induction motor speed (European urban and extra urban driving cycle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-induction-motor-drive-mlv-based-ftc-performances-fwglmvva.png Fig. 10. Induction motor drive MLV-based FTC performances under encoder failures and recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dtc-block-diagram-3iwg6js1.png Fig. 1. DTC block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-kalman-filter-recursive-algorithm-3pia1n7m.png Fig. 2. The Kalman filter recursive algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/dust-emission-by-powder-handling-comparison-between-3mdofy8cey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-control-volume-3ahuwiot.png Fig. 2. Control Volume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-particle-velocity-q-0-18-qm-2-2-g-s-1-a-0-0326-1k1vjdij.png Fig. 7. Particle velocity, Q=0.18, Qm=2.2 g s −1, α=0.0326. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-gaussian-distribution-profile-2svmh4qk.png Fig. 11. Gaussian distribution profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-average-particle-velocity-map-qm-1-52-g-s-1-drop-3k0c1g6a.png Fig. 10. Average particle velocity map Qm=1.52 g s −1, drop height 50 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-piv-system-2xyarqpo.png Fig. 9. PIV system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dust-generation-for-falling-stream-of-material-3ia81pwj.png Fig. 1. Dust generation for falling stream of material. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-process-parameters-and-spread-angle-for-different-3v4rn2q9.png Table 1 Process parameters and spread angle for different cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-vertical-particle-velocity-at-the-center-of-the-jet-2ikkqtqv.png Fig. 14. Vertical particle velocity at the center of the jet. (–): predicted velocity; (□), (Δ), (o): experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/dumping-inflaton-energy-density-out-of-this-world-42epapvvef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-a-manifold-which-has-singular-1xowa1yf.png FIG. 1. An illustration of a manifold which has singular points with nontrivial fluxes, and which yields the adS geometry. The cross denotes the point in moduli space where MSSM branes are fixed, while there is a D3 situated close to the warped geometry near adS throat, and the D3 brane is attracted towards the D3 brane, thereby giving rise to inflation along three spatial directions, which we assume to be parallel to MSSM branes. Reheating occurs near the adS throat. The excited modes from reheating are trapped near the throat. https://scispace.com/papers/dwpf-flowsheet-studies-with-simulants-to-determine-modular-2m5bgj6cn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-8-syringe-rinse-data-for-isopar-r-l-and-modifer-354hujdr.png Table 3-8: Syringe Rinse Data for Isopar®L and Modifer https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-9-analytical-sequencing-for-carbon-tube-analysis-3gpcmfwe.png Table 2-9: Analytical Sequencing for Carbon Tube Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-peak-off-gas-generation-rates-volume-3fb0kqsp.png Table 3-4: Peak Off Gas Generation Rates (Volume %) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-chromatograph-of-isopar-r-l-3ddcodco.png Figure 2-3: Chromatograph of Isopar®L https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-calibration-curves-for-isopar-r-l-during-analysis-3oqjxjxm.png Figure 2-4: Calibration Curves for Isopar®L during Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-4-l-srat-vessel-set-up-with-arp-addition-2rbqo8xa.png Figure 2-2: 4-L SRAT Vessel Set-up with ARP Addition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-14-sb4-18-srat-product-elemental-data-calcined-26lrgqqr.png Table 3-14: SB4-18 SRAT Product Elemental Data - Calcined Solids Wt% https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-15-physical-property-data-for-srat-products-a2isih6n.png Table 3-15: Physical Property Data for SRAT Products https://scispace.com/papers/dwpf-melter-air-lift-bubbler-development-and-testing-for-1c4933lrbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-void-fraction-inside-airlift-with-flowing-3aeqygsu.png Figure 3 Measured Void Fraction Inside Airlift with Flowing Glycerin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dwpf-airlift-bubbler-design-details-2puwrgyp.png Figure 9 DWPF Airlift Bubbler Design Details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measured-glass-flow-rate-in-proof-of-principle-3teaiw93.png Figure 8 Measured Glass Flow Rate in Proof of Principle Airlift https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-glass-height-inside-measuring-container-during-15in9wlq.png Figure 7 Glass Height inside Measuring Container During Proof- of-Principle Airflift Glass Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calibration-curve-for-0-5-inch-orifice-in-viscous-3ctax2d6.png Figure 2 Calibration Curve for 0.5-inch Orifice in Viscous Flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-dwpf-airlift-bubbler-mockup-in-the-dwpf-pour-spout-phoxvrze.png Figure 10 DWPF Airlift Bubbler Mockup in the DWPF Pour Spout Test Stand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-glycerin-flow-as-a-function-of-injected-25pa6av1.png Figure 4 Measured Glycerin Flow as a Function of Injected Air Flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-bubble-drift-velocity-in-glycerin-13qges6h.png Figure 5 Calculated Bubble Drift Velocity in Glycerin Airlift https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-analysis-of-sugar-metabolism-reveals-the-mechanisms-jnb8keounf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-3fax-neunac-on-sialic-acid-metabolism-a-2fgkmrik.png Figure 4. Effect of 3Fax-NeuNAc on sialic acid metabolism. a) Position of the presented metabolites in the metabolic pathway. b) B16-F10 mouse myeloma cells were incubated with 100 microM 3Fax-NeuNAc for 5 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours (red line). Incubations with PBS (blue line) and Ac5NeuNAc (green line) for the same time points were performed as control. Normalized relative levels of sugar metabolites are presented. c) B16-F10 mouse myeloma cells were incubated with 100 M 3Fax-NeuNAc for the same time points as in b) in the presence of 1 mM [UL-13C6]-GlcNAc (red line). Incubations with PBS (blue line) and Ac5NeuNAc (green line) for the same time points, both in the presence of 1 mM [UL13C6]-GlcNAc, were performed as control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-modeling-cmas-and-gne-with-fluorinated-228g96st.png Figure 5. Molecular modeling CMAS and GNE with fluorinated sialic acid analogs. a) Docking of NeuNAc (in blue) and 3Fax-NeuNAc (in yellow) in CMAS. b) Docking of CMP-NeuNAc (in blue) and CMP-3Fax-NeuNAc (in yellow) in GNE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sugar-metabolism-as-integral-part-of-intracellular-17k6sivu.png Figure 1. Sugar metabolism as integral part of intracellular metabolism. a) Overview of the metabolic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-incorporation-of-chemical-reporter-groups-in-3h5u9egz.png Figure 3. Incorporation of chemical reporter groups in nucleotide sugars. a) Incubation of fibroblasts for 48 h with ManNPoc results in metabolic labeling of both UDP-GlcNPoc and CMP-NeuNPoc, while these nucleotide sugars were https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-and-distributional-properties-of-prices-navmon93el 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distributions-of-pricing-judgments-generated-from-20x2odwc.png Figure 6: Distributions of pricing judgments generated from the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-price-rating-task-participants-were-38x0kf40.png Figure 1: Diagram of the price rating task. Participants were reminded before each trial what type of response they were giving (buy / sell / rate) and whether there was time pressure (speed / precision; left panel). They gave their response by clicking on a semicircular scale (middle / right panels). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-posterior-probability-p-incl-data-and-bayes-factor-2u0a7ip2.png Table 1: Posterior probability (P(incl|data)) and Bayes factor (BFInclusion) for inclusion of time pressure (Time), trial type (buying / selling / CE; Type), and interaction factors relative to a “null” model that included only payoff ($), probability (%), and their interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-pricing-judgments-for-three-346u08xt.png Figure 3: Distributions of pricing judgments for three example gambles, generated from an optimal Gaussian kernel density estimator passed over the observed judgments. Buying prices are shown in blue, selling in pink, and CE prices in orange. The means (dashed vertical lines) and medians (dots on the distributions) of these distributions are shown in corresponding colors to illustrate the skew. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-buying-wtp-selling-wta-and-value-estimation-2v1z4xpc.png Figure 2: Mean buying (WTP), selling (WTA), and value estimation (rating) judgments as a function of time pressure. Error bars indicate ±1 unit of standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-trajectory-of-the-price-rating-process-for-19uzf8zw.png Figure 4: Example trajectory of the price rating process for a decision-maker selling a gamble of $20, 60%. The initial price is set by the prior price distribution given by sv (variation in the strength of the prior) and sβ (the distribution of prior prices, shown on the right). At each time step, they consider either the possibility of winning $20 (blue), stepping toward a high price, or failing to win and receiving $0 (red), stepping toward a low price $0 for the gamble. This proceeds until they hit the threshold θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-trajectory-of-represented-prices-as-1md2q0w9.png Figure 5: Average trajectory of represented prices as outcomes are mentally simulated over time. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-bandwidth-allocation-with-optimal-wavelength-3iy5x9ng1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conditions-encountered-in-eft-1hg9tkkx.png Figure 2: Conditions encountered in EFT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dba-algorithms-of-twdm-pon-1fel4yrm.png Figure 1: DBA algorithms of TWDM-PON https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maximum-channel-utilization-for-eft-and-eft-os-with-ngf8ugpp.png Figure 4: Maximum channel utilization for EFT and EFT-OS with a variation in laser tuning times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-queuing-delay-vs-network-load-for-eft-and-272aexvg.png Figure 3: Average queuing delay Vs. Network load for EFT and EFT-OS with different tuning times https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-and-interactive-re-formulation-of-multi-objective-o7sv24fdj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-clusters-in-the-third-re-opf-iteration-ten-clusters-qm7ehumk.png Fig. 16. Clusters in the third Re-OPF iteration. Ten clusters of samples generated (left); three clusters of samples identified (right). CLUSTER_1 consists of samples from Concept 2_2; CLUSTER_8 consists of samples from Concept 1_0 and Concept 1_1; CLUSTER_9 consists of samples from Concept 2_0 and Concept 2_1. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-optimization-result-comparison-for-verifying-the-2n8pxgft.png Fig. 17. Optimization result comparison for verifying the first hypothesis. The Pareto fronts and s-Pareto front in Scenario A (left); the Pareto fronts and s-Pareto front in Scenario B (right). The s-Pareto front solutions are marked by black boxes and circles. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-optimization-result-comparison-for-verifying-the-2z6u257f.png Fig. 18. Optimization result comparison for verifying the second hypothesis. The searched solutions of each selected concept (top); the Pareto fronts of each selected concept (bottom). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actions-of-the-re-opf-phase-computational-techniques-3gqsbe4q.png Table 3 Actions of the Re-OPF phase, computational techniques (used to implement the actions), and software tools (used to implement the techniques). Note: “*” marks techniques which are focused in Section 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-examples-of-building-geometries-numeric-design-values-u7yu7oqf.png Fig. 12. Examples of building geometries, numeric design values, and numeric simulation values. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-som-planes-som-planes-for-all-the-initial-measures-muw8a482.png Fig. 13. SOM planes. SOM planes for all the initial measures (left); SOM planes for three meaningful quantitative performance measures (right). The yellow, blue, green and grey boxed lines, show SOM planes for energy use, daylight availability, daylight uniformity and investment measures, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-clusters-in-the-first-re-opf-iteration-nine-clusters-19yeo7v5.png Fig. 14. Clusters in the first Re-OPF iteration. Nine clusters of samples generated (left); three clusters of samples identified (right). CLUSTER_0 consists of samples from Concept 2_0; CLUSTER_6 consists of samples from Concept 2_0 and Concept 3_0; CLUSTER_7 consists of samples from Concept 1_0. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-information-and-knowledge-extraction-relying-on-human-21n0d7ii.png Fig. 6. Information and knowledge extraction relying on human-computer collaboration. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-behavior-of-fiber-reinforced-soil-under-freeze-thaw-873fhy6hxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-continued-2ciupg34.png Fig. 5. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationships-between-td-and-gd-obtained-from-1pw3la89.png Fig. 4. Relationships between τd and γd obtained from experimental results, the Hardin-Drnevich model and the MKZ model for different N, σc and χ. a. N = 0, χ = 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. b. N = 2, χ= 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. c. N = 5, χ= 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. d. N= 10, χ= 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. e. N = 15, χ = 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-number-of-freeze-thaw-cycles-confining-354tdu3i.png Fig. 6. Effects of number of freeze-thaw cycles, confining pressure and fiber content on damping ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-statistical-data-of-1-gd-and-1-sult-30mly7rz.png Table 10 The statistical data of 1/GD and 1/σult. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-model-outputs-predicted-by-nonlinear-2nthvy4d.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the model outputs predicted by nonlinear model and experimental data. a. The experimental 1/Gd versus the predicted 1/Gd. b. The experimental 1/σult versus the predicted 1/σult. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-particle-size-distribution-and-the-engineering-1hcmzevh.png Table 1 The particle size distribution and the engineering properties of clay soil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-and-physical-properties-of-the-studied-isnujshq.png Table 2 Mechanical and physical properties of the studied basalt and glass fibers [29]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-continued-3taq5vrm.png Fig. 4. Relationships between τd and γd obtained from experimental results, the Hardin-Drnevich model and the MKZ model for different N, σc and χ. a. N = 0, χ = 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. b. N = 2, χ= 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. c. N = 5, χ= 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. d. N= 10, χ= 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. e. N = 15, χ = 0%, 0.5% and 1%, σc = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-daylight-performance-metrics-for-sustainable-45cq3cps9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-rating-of-variants-3a-to-3b-based-on-table-12-1b9c4m4e.png Table 13: Rating of variants 3a to 3b based on Table 12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-description-of-variants-3a-and-3b-dlqmt26a.png Table 11: Description of variants 3a and 3b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-simulation-results-for-variants-3a-to-3b-3vl04f1l.png Table 12: Simulation results for variants 3a to 3b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-rating-of-variants-4a-to-4c-based-on-table-14-2jhdznqp.png Table 16: Rating of variants 4a to 4c based on Table 14. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-simulation-results-for-variants-4a-and-4c-1xnimsby.png Table 15: Simulation results for variants 4a and 4c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-description-of-variants-4a-and-4c-3jvc0cw9.png Table 14: Description of variants 4a and 4c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-dynamic-daylight-simulations-program-9nkta9pi.png Table 2: Overview of dynamic daylight simulations program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-side-view-of-the-office-investigated-in-figure-2-en0jykvh.png Figure 3: Side view of the office investigated in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-institutionalization-the-foundations-of-japan-s-c1exoa3lnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-policy-making-frameworks-3m26hhpp.png Fig. 1: Comparison of policy-making frameworks. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-modeling-and-experimental-verification-of-a-cable-4pbmmp1pw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-joint-angles-of-the-manipulator-with-friction-on-all-2jllvdg8.png Fig. 19 Joint angles of the manipulator with friction on all cables (moving to the opposide direction): (a) and (c) Simulation results; (b) and (d) Experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-input-lengths-of-driving-cables-by-a-pure-kinematical-1v51hlnc.png Fig. 15 Input lengths of driving cables by a pure kinematical planning method without cable deformations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-joint-angles-of-the-manipulator-with-friction-only-on-38sdqs4v.png Fig. 20 Joint angles of the manipulator with friction only on driving cables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-types-of-cable-driven-continuum-manipulators-a-36tkxolr.png Fig. 1 Two types of cable-driven continuum manipulators: (a) Fully-driven rigid continuum manipulator; (b) Segmented elastic continuum manipulator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coordinates-of-a-rigid-link-1kqbk2uw.png Fig. 8 Coordinates of a rigid link https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-principle-of-a-large-s-synchronous-rotating-mechanism-16vjmtj3.png Fig. 13 Principle of a large “S” synchronous rotating mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-joint-angles-of-the-manipulator-with-friction-on-all-3op40f65.png Fig. 18 Joint angles of the manipulator with friction on all cables: (a) and (c) Simulation results; (b) and (d) Experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generalized-coordinates-of-an-ale-cable-element-5s4kbr9a.png Fig. 4 Generalized coordinates of an ALE cable element https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-monte-carlo-simulation-of-an-amorphous-organic-zksgugf1qn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-interface-dipole-layer-work-functions-and-1k9dz496.png Figure 2: (a): The interface dipole layer, work functions and ionization energies as measured by [16]. (b): the width σ of the Gaussian density of states measures the molecular disorder. The bold curve depicts the measured current, the dashed curves the current as predicted by the Richardson-Schottky formula. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-algorithm-all-criteria-stated-in-17-are-met-q08ebp3g.png Figure 1: (a): The algorithm. All criteria stated in [17] are met, so the phase space traversal can be related to a Poisson process. In this work, toggling interface states were not suppressed. (b): The two-level site concept including p and n-type doping. The rectangles and arrows at the bottom levels stand for π vacancies and electrons respectively. The upper levels mark pairs of π∗ orbitals. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-modeling-of-a-dual-active-bridge-dc-to-dc-converter-17yevlkbuf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-gains-and-transfer-functions-of-the-chosen-3qetioxj.png Table IV. Gains and transfer functions of the chosen controllers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-small-signal-model-of-a-dab-with-acc-when-2neqwfmp.png Figure 12. Small-signal model of a DAB with ACC when controlling the output current and voltage https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-dab-converter-prototype-2zhdwamx.png TABLE I. Parameters of the DAB converter prototype https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-open-loop-transfer-functions-of-the-dab-converter-1scwwy9h.png Table II. Open-loop transfer functions of the DAB converter playing a role in the control of the output variables (vo and io) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-bode-plots-of-a-cl-jo-gain-db-for-different-values-30456t0y.png Figure 19. Bode plots of A_CL(jω) (gain, dB) for different values of the output power. Po =[400 W, 600 W, 1000 W,1070 W], Vi=24 V. VO=400 V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-d-to-load-st-scales-vo-w9ilkup9.png Figure 28. D to load st Scales: Vo https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-gains-and-transfer-functions-of-the-chosen-8lqt36cm.png Table VI. Gains and Transfer functions of the chosen controllers https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-transfer-functions-of-the-dab-with-acc-and-lcff-20175yzc.png Table V. Transfer functions of the DAB with ACC and LCFF. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-network-slice-reconfiguration-by-exploiting-deep-58y2ehixfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-of-insra-3pvt4avg.png Fig. 2. Convergence of INSRA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bdq-network-architecture-used-in-solving-nsrp-1hh5qpjq.png Fig. 1. The BDQ network architecture used in solving NSRP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-long-term-resource-consumption-and-resource-efficiency-32l4vemm.png Fig. 4. Long-term resource consumption and resource efficiency vs. the number of flows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-long-term-resource-consumption-and-resource-efficiency-1mlyy10r.png Fig. 3. Long-term resource consumption and resource efficiency https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-neural-networks-for-motion-force-control-of-1cnye8osvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-4-dof-redundant-manipulator-to-be-simulated-in-2swebolg.png Fig. 3. The 4-DOF redundant manipulator to be simulated in this paper. (a) Physical structure of the 4-link robot manipulator. (b) D-H parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-control-structure-of-the-proposed-projection-rnn-3b1s8lih.png Fig. 2. The control structure of the proposed projection RNN based control strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-brief-diagram-of-robotic-force-control-and-typical-3kas3cug.png Fig. 1. A brief diagram of robotic force control and typical applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-results-of-the-proposed-controller-in-set-24xmybp0.png Fig. 7. Experimental results of the proposed controller in set-point control.(a) Profiles of the position errors. (b) Profiles of contact force. (c) Profiles of orientation error. (d) Profiles of norm of joint torque. (e)Profiles of joint angles. (f) Profiles of joint velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-snapshots-of-force-control-along-a-circular-19yr4096.png Fig. 10. Snapshots of force control along a circular trajectory. (a)t = 0s. (b) t = 1s. (c) t = 2s. (d) t = 3s. (e)t = 4.5s. (f) t = 5.5s. (g) t = 7s. (h) t = 7.5s. (i) t = 8.5s. (j) t = 11.5s. (k) t = 13s. (l) t = 15s. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-regulation-of-polycomb-group-activity-during-plant-3rrshme8f2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cell-type-specific-regulation-of-prc2-repression-101jm6a2.png Figure 2. Cell-type specific regulation of PRC2 repression. Temporal and spatial control of PRC2 repression is achieved through association of the core PRC2 complex with cell-type specific co-factors. These co-factors can either recruit PRC2 to target loci or enhance the activity of PRC2 in a cell-type specific manner. The figure summarizes the current knowledge about co-factors that play a role in H3K27me3 deposition in different cell-types. Single proteins or protein complexes that were reported to associate with PRC2 are depicted as coloured boxes or circles. Uncertain interactions are indicated with a question mark. The black box illustrates a PRC2 target gene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-mechanisms-regulating-the-degree-of-prc2-360thzya.png Figure 1. General mechanisms regulating the degree of PRC2 repression. A) The core PRC2 complex (either VRN-PRC2, EMF-PRC2 or FIS-PRC2) represses target gene expression, but often does not abolish it completely. B) Co-factors enhance the efficiency of PRC2, resulting in complete loss of target gene expression. C) PRC2 repression can be stabilized by PPRC1, which further compacts the chromatin through H2Aub. This possibly allows target gene inhibition over long developmental time periods in a specific cell lineage. The composition of the PPRC1 complex(es) is still unclear; the figure shows a putative complex consisting of LHP1, EMF1, and the RING-finger homologs AtRING1a and AtBMI1a. D) PRC2 repression can be released or counteracted by the action of trxG proteins. The figure depicts the putative release of PcG repression through the trxG protein SYD or BRM, which may remove the H3K27me3 mark, and the subsequent action of the ATX1ULT1 complex, which deposits the H3K4me3 mark. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-programming-for-graphs-on-surfaces-3cl0n6wn0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tree-cotree-partition-t-c-x-of-the-complete-graph-k5-vaobvs1o.png Fig. 2. Tree-cotree partition (T,C,X) of the complete graph K5 on vertices {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} embedded in the torus. White circles correspond to the vertices of its dual K∗5 . For simplicity, not all edges of K ∗ 5 are drawn, only a spanning tree C∗. The corresponding spanning cotree C of K5 is drawn with dashed edges. A spanning tree T of K5 is drawn with bold edges. Finally, the set X is given by the two edges {2, 4} and {3, 5}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-crossing-partitions-on-a-disk-which-enumerate-the-3p0ubgof.png Fig. 3. Non-crossing partitions on a disk, which enumerate the number of partial solutions on planar graphs when using sphere cut decompositions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-merging-branch-decompositions-t1-u1-and-t2-u2-of-two-2ohxhx59.png Fig. 1. Merging branch decompositions (T1, µ1) and (T2, µ2) of two components H1 and H2 in a polyhedral decomposition (G, A) ofG = (V,E). There are three cases: (a)H1 andH2 share two vertices v1, v2 and the edge e = {v1, v2} is in E; (b) H1 and H2 share two vertices v1, v2 and e = {v1, v2} is not in E; (c) H1 and H2 share one vertex v. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-the-construction-of-s-and-g-in-the-proof-of-18dgdpek.png Fig. 5. Example of the construction of Σ′ and G′ in the proof of Lemma 8.9. On the left, we have a graph G (depicted with thick lines) embedded in a pseudo-surface Σ whose boundary is given by the set of nooses N = {N1, N2, N3, N4, N5} (in grey) pairwise intersecting at vertices of G, with θ(N ) = 4. On the right, the corresponding graph G′ embedded in a pseudo-surface Σ′ with boundary given byN ′ = {N ′1, N2, N3, N4, N5}, and such that θ(N ′) = 3. In this example, we have that |S| = 6 and |S′| = 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-an-extended-partition-family-the-surface-1t8nkh8a.png Fig. 4. An example of an extended partition family. The surface Σ is the closure of one of the two connected components obtained by a torus after cutting along two disjoint nooses N1 and N2. Given that S = {s1, . . . , s7}, it holds that BΣ = {B1, B2} where B1 = {s1, s7, s6} and B2 = {s2, s5, s4, s3}. The set CA contains the four bold edges. Notice that, in this case, BΣA contains only one set consisting of the union of all the elements of BΣ and CA. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-ride-hailing-with-electric-vehicles-ooykys1bfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-agents-hyperparameters-sbnlp57g.png Table 3: Agents’ hyperparameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-the-dart-and-drafter-agents-in-the-2c330vux.png Figure 1: Schematics of the Dart and Drafter agents in the case of three vehicles and three TZs (V = 3, L = 3). Elements are concatenated at intersections marked with ⊕. The Drafter schematic shows the case where Q-values are being predicted for vehicle 1 (in yellow). Note: in practice, a single forward pass with xDrafter can be used to generate Q-values for all vehicles. We depict the process for a single vehicle here for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-agents-objective-performance-over-200-evaluation-gabis1g5.png Figure 7: Agents’ objective performance over 200 evaluation episodes of various instance scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-improvement-in-objective-offered-by-drafter-1jx6vxqs.png Figure 8: The improvement in objective offered by Drafter over Reopt over 200 evaluation episodes of instances of varying scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-over-200-evaluation-episodes-of-various-instance-1yjxhhqm.png Figure 9: Over 200 evaluation episodes of various instance scales, agents’ performance as measured by (Left) the percent of requests that were served, (Center) the average customer waiting time, and (Right) the proportion of travel that is productive. Note that because it does not scale directly, Dart appears only for Instance Scale 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-island-of-manhattan-divided-into-taxi-9x77hp45.png Figure 3: (Left) The island of Manhattan divided into taxi zones with charging station locations shown in blue. (Right) Distribution of requests’ desintations by taxi zone during episodes’ last hour (02:00-03:00). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eligible-actions-for-an-ev-v-1ysiolfk.png Table 1: Eligible actions for an EV v. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-instance-parameters-wpcokl5w.png Table 2: Instance parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-route-selection-for-vehicular-store-carry-forward-2dbbfm7okc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-roads-classification-in-boston-city-centre-1cf5ibq1.png Fig. 1. Roads classification in Boston city centre. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-route-selection-algorithm-min-outage-and-min-1fyd1h3x.png Fig. 2. The route selection algorithm: Min. outage and min. travel time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-packet-travel-time-vs-total-transmission-distance-31999c24.png Fig. 4. Packet Travel Time vs. Total Transmission Distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-misbehaviour-detection-probability-vs-total-2pixrbt0.png Fig. 5. misbehaviour detection probability vs. Total Transmission Distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outage-probability-vs-vehicle-intensity-2i16m9xc.png Fig. 3. Outage Probability vs. Vehicle Intensity https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-spillover-effects-across-petroleum-spot-and-futures-4qm8a5nbyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-spot-and-futures-markets-1ohzvagc.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of spot and futures markets daily returns, futures trading volume and futures open interest for crude oil (CL), heating oil (HO) and gasoline (XB) commodities – Sample period 2006:03-2015:06 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-volatility-spillover-indices-for-spot-futures-5kqgha8k.png Figure 3: Total volatility spillover indices for spot-futures realized volatilities of petroleum-based commodities - examined pairwise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-futures-trading-volume-and-futures-open-interest-1expvg13.png Figure 2: Futures trading volume and futures open interest for crude oil (CL), heating oil (HO) and gasoline (XB) commodities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-net-volatility-spillovers-for-spot-futures-realized-4qzai7yw.png Figure 4: Net volatility spillovers for spot-futures realized volatilities of petroleumbased commodities - examined pairwise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-volatility-spillovers-for-spot-futures-2qv6f74t.png Figure 5: Total volatility spillovers for spot-futures realized volatilities, trading volume and open interest of petroleum-based commodities - examined individually https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spot-and-futures-realized-variances-for-crude-oil-28gd0o22.png Figure 1: Spot and futures realized variances for crude oil (CL), heating oil (HO) and gasoline (XB) commodities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-net-volatility-spillovers-for-spot-futures-realized-2wbwno7k.png Figure 6: Net volatility spillovers for spot-futures realized volatilities, trading volume and open interest of petroleum-based commodities - examined individually https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-static-average-volatility-spillovers-between-spot-1wtjyom5.png Table 2: Static (average) volatility spillovers between spot-futures and across petroleum based commodities – examined pairwise (Panel A1: CL-HO, Panel A2: CL-XB, Panel A3: HO-XB) and spot-futures volatilities, futures trading volume and open interest across petroleum based commodities – examined individually (Panel B1: CL, Panel B2: HO, Panel B3: XB) https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-super-resolution-of-depth-sequences-with-non-rigid-4qxlsksz5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-psnr-on-the-moving-hand-sequence-with-r-4-2pfqyszg.png Fig. 3. PSNR on the moving hand sequence with r = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-up-sr-example-of-a-dynamic-depth-scene-r-5-18jqkmx4.png Fig. 2. UP-SR example of a dynamic depth scene (r = 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-up-sr-results-using-motion-estimated-a-from-an-lr-3oc9v8bu.png Fig. 1. UP-SR results using motion estimated (a) from an LR sequence; (b) from densely upsampled sequence (r = 5). https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-routing-spectrum-and-modulation-format-allocation-in-323j4lp4lp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-traffic-profiles-3tu8kvgc.png Table 3. Traffic profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectrum-occupation-for-various-bit-rates-2ron7jdm.png Table 1. Spectrum occupation for various bit rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-co-existing-fixed-flex-grid-in-14-node-nsfnet-topology-3965wjei.png Fig. 1. Co-existing fixed/flex-grid in 14-node NSFNet topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectrum-assignment-in-different-mixed-grid-scenarios-3sewv3ib.png Fig. 2. Spectrum assignment in different mixed-grid scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-bandwidth-blocking-ratio-for-nsfnet-2ndqiltk.png Fig. 5. Comparison of bandwidth blocking ratio (for NSFNet). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-average-hop-count-among-different-2r7ito79.png Fig. 8. Comparison of average hop count among different routing strategies for NSFNet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-spectrum-allocation-strategies-for-fv9wgkkf.png Fig. 6. Comparison of spectrum allocation strategies for NSFNet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-spectral-utilization-for-mdra-and-spf-2vf5zenn.png Fig. 7. Comparison of spectral utilization for MDRA and SPF (for NSFNet). https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-task-binding-for-hardware-software-reconfigurable-4tqthy2ne5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distance-and-its-standard-deviation-between-the-444rk0az.png Figure 6: Distance and its standard deviation between the Pareto-optimal partitions determined by an EA and the online partitioner over time (number of task migrations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-traffic-t-and-percentage-of-suboptimally-wxc72v33.png Figure 7: Normalized traffic T and percentage of suboptimally bound tasks N over time (number of task migrations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functionality-is-modeled-with-a-so-called-sensor-3n4lqgz1.png Figure 1: Functionality is modeled with a so-called sensor-controller-actuator chain. This functionality will be bound with certain restrictions onto the nodes of the network topology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shown-are-four-cases-of-a-network-a-normal-34h8pn7w.png Figure 2: Shown are four cases of a network: a) normal operation b) after a node defect c) after reestablishing communication and switching to replicated tasks and d) after an optimization phase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shown-are-two-tasks-tc1-t-c-2-at-a-computational-1z204iva.png Figure 4: Shown are two tasks tc1, t c 2 at a computational node c1. The inter task communication is denoted with directed edges to/from the ports or between tc1 and t c 2. Annotated to each edge is the traffic between two tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-during-the-fast-repair-phase-the-replicated-tasks-15bgkbk9.png Figure 3: During the fast repair phase, the replicated tasks take over the control and the communication between two tasks will be reestablished. The optimization phase optimizes the binding of tasks and creates new replicas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-flow-diagramm-shows-the-complete-process-of-paq808ik.png Figure 5: The flow diagramm shows the complete process of binding optimization that will be locally determined on each computational node in the network. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamical-and-spectroscopic-studies-of-nonrigid-molecules-2lho52pqef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-a-comparison-of-the-torsional-levels-for-the-so-and-2u2c9z3c.png TABLE IV. A comparison of the torsional levels for the So and TI states of thioacetaldehyde in one and two dimensions. a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-hydrogen-wagging-and-methyl-torsion-spectra-1l44zul8.png FIG. 3. Calculated hydrogen wagging and methyl torsion spectra of thioacetaldehyde with the approximation that the modes are uncoupled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-calculated-energy-levels-for-the-aldehyde-wagging-3qv9tt6h.png TABLE V. Calculated energy levels" for the aldehyde wagging motion in the So and TI states of thioacetaldehyde (one-dimensional case only). b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hydrogen-wagging-potential-functions-for-the-so-and-ti-3mym0ys0.png FIG. 4. Hydrogen wagging potential functions for the So and TI states of thioacetaldehyde. XIA'; V(a,Gl = 0) = 20663.6331 -20327.4647cosa-336.1684cos2a, alA"; V(Gl O,a) = 9429.7243 - 10 262.3033 cos a":" 493.8151 cos 2a + 1326.3940 x cos 3a; V(a,Gl = 60) = 9548.4203 - 11 307.4070 cos a + 493.8151 x cos 2a + 1265.1716 cos 3a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-observed-and-calculated-torsion-wagging-trso-dubkeeie.png FIG. 8. The observed and calculated torsion-wagging TrSo spectra of thioacetaldehyde at 614 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-calculated-transition-energies-and-intensities-for-4r2f4021.png TABLE VII. Calculated transition energies: and intensities for the methyl torsion and aldehyde wagging modes in the TI - So system of thioacetaldehyde (two-dimensional case).b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-calculated-spectra-of-thioacetaldehyde-ch3chs-3fvmc601.png FIG. 9. The calculated spectra of thioacetaldehyde, CH3CHS, CHJCDS, CD3CHS, and CDJCDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-potential-energy-surface-v-a-0-for-the-so-ground-1vpe75ky.png FIG. 5. The potential energy surface V( a,0) for the So ground electronic state. The interval between the isopotential lines is 200.0 cm - I. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamical-constraints-on-the-core-mass-of-hot-jupiter-hat-p-2ggno3scef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hat-p-13-system-properties-1k930jwt.png Table 1 HAT-P-13 System Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-distribution-of-the-true-core-mass-of-o7ww7x7g.png Figure 3. Probability distribution of the true core mass of HAT-P-13b (black), along with the most probable core mass (11 M⊕), 68% confidence interval (0–25 M⊕), and 95% confidence interval (0–47 M⊕). The probability distribution of the core mass is the product of the constraints on the core mass probability given by the measurement uncertainty in the Love number (k2b, dot-dashed line) and the radius (Rb, dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-row-normalized-raw-flux-black-points-compared-3hsz4lz0.png Figure 2. Top row: normalized raw flux (black points) compared to the best-fit instrumental noise model (gray line). Bottom row:best-fit eclipse model (black line) and flux measurements after dividing out the instrumental noise model (black points). All data and models are plotted with a bin size of 512 measurements (∼3.5 minutes) for visual clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standard-deviation-of-the-residuals-isnormalized-to-3kh2rf9u.png Figure 1. Standard deviation of the residuals isnormalized to match the standard deviation of the unbinned residuals for the PLD performed on data that was optimally binned before fitting (green), PLD that was not binned before fitting (blue), and the Wong et al. (2014) pixel mapping fit (red) and plotted for each bandpass as a function of bin size. The vertical dashed line indicates the timescale of the eclipse ingress and egress. The expected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-six-dayside-atmosphere-models-for-hat-p-13b-s3i4swyj.png Figure 4. Left: six dayside atmosphere models for HAT-P-13b based on Fortney et al. (2008);right: four models based on Burrows et al. (2008). The measured secondary eclipse depths at 3.6 and 4.5 μm are overplotted as black filled squares, and the band-integrated model predictions are shown as colored crosses for comparison. Fortney et al. (2008) modelan atmospheric absorber with TiO and either no circulation (2π), partial circulation (3π), or full circulation (4π). Burrows et al. (2008) modelopacity with a gray source (κ, units of cm2 g−1) and the fraction of energy redistributed to the night side (Pn; 10% is minimal redistribution, 40% is near-maximal redistribution). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-eb-and-k2b-for-the-hat-p-13-25h3ahw9.png Figure 5. Relationship between eb and k2b for the HAT-P-13 system parameters measured by different studies, including the fourth-order polynomial approximation given in Batygin et al. (2009). The best-fit (triangles) and 1σ (circles) uncertainties in eb reported by each study are plotted on their respective eb–k2b curves. The curves do not include uncertainties in the eb–k2b relationship due to measurement errors, unlike our Bayesian model (Figure 3), which does take them into account. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamically-partitioning-workflow-over-federated-clouds-for-40dnsla3m4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-dofcf-25m37qbi.png Fig. 2: The Architecture of DoFCF https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experiment-results-for-cloud-failure-1h7a1421.png TABLE 4: Experiment results for cloud failure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cost-for-medium-size-workflows-hj4x1sjz.png Fig. 4: Cost for Medium Size Workflows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cost-for-large-size-workflows-3jc2865n.png Fig. 5: Cost for Large Size Workflows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cost-for-very-large-size-workflows-28ipdew4.png Fig. 6: Cost for Very Large Size Workflows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-overview-of-adaga-3f77i9y3.png Fig. 3: The overview of adaGA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-tasks-of-each-workflow-for-each-of-the-4tgrzv4i.png TABLE 2: Number of Tasks of each Workflow for Each of the Three Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-data-security-and-size-2i7sjirc.png TABLE 7: Data security and size https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-and-stability-of-vortex-antivortex-fronts-in-type-hl1l5bnveq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profile-of-the-planar-front-for-the-density-of-the-2hkf496j.png FIG. 1. Profile of the planar front for the density of the vortices sn+d and antivorticessn−d for the casev=1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-velocity-dependence-of-half-the-second-derivative-of-2x1qcx95.png FIG. 6. Velocity dependence of half the second derivative of vsqd with respect toq evaluated atq=0. As the velocity increases, the front becomes more and more stable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-density-profiles-for-vortices-and-antivortices-in-the-179imij4.png FIG. 7. Density profiles for vortices and antivortices in the stationary casesv=0d. The profiles are smooth and are not characterized by singularities, as was the case for fronts propagating with finite velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-imaginary-part-of-the-growth-ratevsqd-for-different-1jgqs0m7.png FIG. 4. Imaginary part of the growth rateVsqd for different values of the anisotropy coefficienta, with velocity v=1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-plot-of-vsq2d-as-a-function-of-the-angle-u-b-for-a-uat9y978.png FIG. 5. (a) Plot of vsq2d as a function of the angle u. (b) For a coefficient of anisotropya =0.8 and a velocityv=1.0, the results from linear regression for the slope evaluated atq=0, c =dv /dsq2d, are plotted as a function ofu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dispersion-relationvsqd-for-different-values-of-1juco69a.png FIG. 3. Dispersion relationvsqd for different values of anisotropy coefficienta and a velocityv=1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-perturbed-front-profile-for-the-vortex-and-antivortex-1hy0c5mc.png FIG. 2. Perturbed front profile for the vortex and antivortex density field. The fronts propagate in the x direction and have a sinusoidal modulation in the y direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dispersion-relationvsqd-in-the-case-of-a-stationary-30zpa9yv.png FIG. 8. Dispersion relationvsqd in the case of a stationary front. An instability is found for a critical anisotropy coefficientac <0.02. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-consensus-between-centroidal-and-whole-body-models-4rq5sdy55h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residue-between-the-centroidal-and-whole-body-1y6oc5pr.png Fig. 4: Residue between the centroidal and whole-body trajectory of AM and CoM over the iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-com-trajectory-in-the-xy-plane-for-the-first-three-a6gtcxpu.png Fig. 3: CoM trajectory in the XY plane for the first three iterations of the ADMM solver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-total-norm-of-the-constraint-residual-16yvpkbg.png Fig. 2: Evolution of the total norm of the constraint residual along the iterations of the ADMM solver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-walking-sequence-generated-for-hrp-2-robot-using-the-1dc5wmrb.png Fig. 1: Walking sequence generated for HRP-2 robot using the proposed ADMM solver. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-light-absorption-variations-induced-in-a-bismuth-52bs64t2ku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-the-energy-levels-in-the-forbidden-energy-2i7ukhgc.png Fig. 5. Diagram of the energy levels in the forbidden energy band of the crystal. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-end-pulled-polymer-translocation-through-a-18jv15dzga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-waiting-time-distribution-w-s-as-a-function-of-the-3qn0mt87.png FIG. 3: The waiting time distribution w(s̃) as a function of the translocation coordinate s̃. Here, the driving force is f = 100, spring constant in the MD simulations is k = 30, N0 = 100 is the chain length and the pore friction in the theory is ηp = 3. The red circles show the MD simulation results while the solid blue and the dashed green lines are the results from the IFTP theory for the combination of the TRC and SFC regimes, and for the SSC regime, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-velocity-perpendicular-to-the-wall-in-the-trans-side-2rbjsa6l.png FIG. 2: (a) Velocity perpendicular to the wall in the trans side and towards the pore in the cis side for individual monomers v(x, t) as a function of the distance x(t) at different times t = 2−36. The empty circles show the pore locations at different times. Inset shows normalized velocity of individual monomers v(x, t)/vtrans(t) as a function of the normalized distance x(t)/R(t). Here, vtrans(t) is the average velocity of the trans side sub-chain monomers and R(t) is the amplitude of the tension front distance from the pore. The driving force acting on the head monomer is f = 100, the chain length is N0 = 100, and the location of the pore is denoted by an open black circle. (b) Velocity perpendicular to the wall in the trans side and towards the pore in the cis side of the monomers vm(t) as a function of the monomer number m at different times t = 2− 36, where the empty colored circles show which monomer is inside the pore at each time. Inset shows the monomer velocity normalized by the head monomer velocity vm(t)/vhead(t) as a function of m. The values m = 1 and 100 denote the head and tail monomers, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-various-possible-translocation-3mgudsww.png FIG. 1: Schematic of the various possible translocation scenarios during the tension propagation (TP) stage for the trans side https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effective-translocation-time-exponent-a-as-a-2dib7zqa.png FIG. 4: The effective translocation time exponent α as a function of chain length N0 for various values of the pore friction ηp = 1.5 (black circles), 10 (blue squares) and 20 (green triangles). The dashed red and the horizontal black solid lines represent the rescaled translocation exponents α† and α‡, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-polybutadienes-with-different-microstructures-2-1xigb40mdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-loss-part-of-the-dielectric-function-2qxcrg5q.png FIG. 5. Plot of the loss part of the dielectric function scaled to its maxim value,e9( f )/emax9 , vs the logarithm of the frequency divided by the positio of the maximum on the frequency axis,f / f max for the sample PB 7. Temperatures:~s! 299.7 °C, ~d! 295.7 °C, ~,! 291.8 °C, ~.! 287.0 °C, ~h! 279.9 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plot-of-the-loss-part-of-the-dielectric-function-36u2og2p.png FIG. 8. Plot of the loss part of the dielectric function scaled to its maxim value,e9( f )/emax9 , vs the logarithm of the frequency divided by the positio of the maximum on the frequency axis,f / f max for the sample PB 95. Temperatures:~s! 23.3 °C, ~d! 10.7 °C, ~,! 14.7 °C, ~.! 112.1 °C, ~h! 122.1 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-the-loss-part-of-the-dielectric-function-1dwg305a.png FIG. 7. Plot of the loss part of the dielectric function scaled to its maxim value,e9( f )/emax9 , vs the logarithm of the frequency divided by the positio of the maximum on the frequency axis,f / f max for the sample PB 70. Temperatures:~s! 242.1 °C, ~d! 238.1 °C, ~,! 233.2 °C, ~.! 225.2 °C, ~h! 215.2 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-exponent-parametera-in-the-havriliak-negami-function-1fvs8r8b.png FIG. 10. Exponent parametera in the Havriliak–Negami function representing thea relaxation in the fits described in Sec. III for all microstru tures. Only those temperatures have been included where thea maximum was contained in the experimental frequency window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-data-as-in-fig-5-but-with-a-frequency-range-restricted-30j9n9xs.png FIG. 9. Data as in Fig. 5 but with a frequency range restricted tov 50.01– 100 rad/s and scaled by shift factorsaT andbT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-test-of-the-db-model-points-loss-part-of-the-2y90ck4v.png FIG. 16. Test of the DB model. Points: Loss part of the dielectric funct e9(v) of PB 95 at13.7 °C. Lines:e9(v) calculated from the rheologica dynamic moduli of PB 95 at13.5 °C using the DB model with the the parametersK523.831029 Pa21 andDe50.083. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-test-of-the-db-model-points-loss-part-of-the-37b7evx1.png FIG. 14. Test of the DB model. Points: Loss part of the dielectric funct e9(v) of PB 7 at291.8 °C. Lines:e9(v) calculated from the rheologica dynamic moduli of PB 7 at291.6 °C using the DB model with the param etersK510.131029 Pa21 andDe50.087. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-test-of-the-db-model-points-loss-part-of-the-e7u1ivma.png FIG. 13. Test of the DB model. Points: Loss part of the dielectric funct e9(v) of PB 7 at295.7 °C. Lines:e9(v) calculated from the rheologica dynamic moduli of PB 7 at295.4 °C using the DB model with the follow ing parameter setsK, De: ~solid line, best fit; 4.731029 Pa21, 0.116!; ~long dashed line, 2.531029 Pa21, 0.164!; ~medium dashed line, 131028 Pa21, 0.086!. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-water-vapor-adsorption-on-humidity-indicating-5gu0k5l7vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-adsorption-isotherm-of-water-vapor-on-silica-gel-0-18-1alhcarn.png Fig. 7. Adsorption isotherm of water vapor on silica gel —, 0.18 – – –, 0.21 PP—, 0.28 P—, 1.26 PPPPP mol dmy3 CoCl -con-2 taining silica gels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-adsorption-isotherm-of-water-vapor-on-cocl-at-258c-2-3mj9v7p8.png Fig. 6. Adsorption isotherm of water vapor on CoCl at 258C.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absorbance-vs-concentration-of-cocl-in-cocl-contain-2-1r3fwvat.png Fig. 4. Absorbance vs. concentration of CoCl in CoCl -contain-2 2 Ž .ing silica gel at 570 nm for dry triangle with dot inside at 520 Ž .nm for moisture adsorbed ( silica gels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visible-spectrum-of-cocl-containing-silica-gel-with-1-3fvm3nvu.png Fig. 2. Visible spectrum of CoCl -containing silica gel with 1.642 mol dmy3 CoCl in 30% RH at 258C air at 0 —, 1 P—, 2 PPPPP2 5 PP—, 10 PPP—, 30 PPPP—, 60 PPPPP—-min contact time. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-polystyrene-melts-through-hierarchical-2m2l5cem2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intermolecular-radial-distribution-function-between-1xskbrpw.png Figure 4. Intermolecular radial distribution function between centerof-mass and individual beads for various PS melts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mean-square-displacement-of-the-innermost-segments-29h7qiey.png Figure 12. Mean-square displacement of the innermost segments normalized by the Rouse slope of t1/2 for different PS melts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-mapping-of-the-cg-simulations-of-the-ps-melts-2tgbz2j7.png Figure 5. Time mapping of the CG simulations of the PS melts, using UA (circles) and AA (squares) data, and density, F (filled squares), as a function of M (T ) 463 K). With diamonds are the time mapping of the CG simulations using UA data of 1 kDa melt at different densities. Diamonds and circles are almost indistinguishable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-mapping-of-the-cg-simulations-using-united-3kl7wl4f.png Figure 6. Time mapping of the CG simulations using united-atom atomistic data for two PS melts (M ) 1 and 2 kDa, T ) 463 K) based on the motion of the whole chain through (a) mean-square displacement of the chain center of mass and (b) end-to-end vector autocorrelation function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-square-displacement-of-the-segments-387b3voi.png Figure 11. Mean-square displacement of the segments normalized by the Rouse slope of t1/2 for different PS melts (a) 10 kDa and (b) 50 kDa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-square-displacement-of-the-innermost-segments-2ycn7uc4.png Figure 10. Mean-square displacement of the innermost segments vs time for different CG PS melts studied here (T ) 463 K). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-entanglement-molecular-length-in-number-of-monomers-3912w5ho.png Table 3. Entanglement Molecular Length (in Number of Monomers), Ne, of Atactic PS Melts Obtained from Various Experimental and Simulation Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-self-diffusion-coefficient-of-ps-melts-as-a-3r1drhv4.png Figure 8. Self-diffusion coefficient of PS melts as a function of the molecular weight obtained from CG MD simulations (squares) and experiments (circles)41 (T ) 463 K). https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-robustness-of-cascading-systems-2hiyicg9m2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-for-the-hf-model-a-e-i-the-temporal-profiles-36ofkrnd.png Fig 5. Results for the HF Model. (A, E, I) The temporal profiles of the response relaxation for different values of Ptot 0 , Ptot 1 , and Ptot 2 . In Fig 5(A), we set Ptot 1 and Ptot 2 equal to their base values from Table A in S1 Appendix. We then integrated the HF model for each of the Ptot 0 values taken from the set fPtot;00 ;P tot;1 0 ; . . . ;P tot;26 0 ;P tot;27 0 g ¼ f10 0:4; 100:2; . . . ; 10 4:8; 10 5:0g. (B, F, J) The consecutive similarity in the temporal profiles for Ptot 0 , Ptot 1 , and Ptot 2 . In Fig 5(B), we computed the L2 norm in the difference between consecutive temporal profiles. The gray portion of the lines in (B, F, J) indicate that the system is in a deactivated state (i.e., g2 < 0.5) for those values of Ptoti . (C, G, K) The half-life of the response as a function of Ptot 0 , Ptot 1 , and Ptot 2 . The magenta triangle indicates when the Ptoti value becomes the minimum Ptot value. The black dot represents the base Ptoti value from Table A in S1 Appendix. The grayed out region indicates that the system is in a deactivated state for those values of Ptoti . The region between the dashed vertical lines indicate that the logarithmic gain magnitude of the duration against Ptoti is less than 0.3. The dashed green line is g2 as a function of βi. (D, H, L) The logarithmic gain of the duration against Ptot 0 , Ptot 1 , and Ptot 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-the-kinase-activity-on-duration-robustness-239j7lob.png Fig 3. Effects of the Kinase Activity on Duration Robustness in the Heinrich Model. (A, B) Duration, W, as a function of β0 and β1 with varied α0. Different lines indicate W for different α0 values as given by the inset box in (B). Circles and diamonds represent b max 0 and b max 1 , respectively. (C) b max i as a function of α0. A solid line and a dashed line are b max 0 and b max 1 , respectively. The circles and the diamonds correspond to these symbols in (A) and (B). (D, E) Duration, W, as a function of β0 and β1 with varied α1. (F) bmaxi as a function of α1. Same colors, lines and symbols are adopted as (A, B, C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-of-the-heinrich-and-huang-ferrell-model-a-3sezc8mj.png Fig 1. Diagrams of the Heinrich and Huang-Ferrell Model. A linear signaling cascade is a biochemical network where the product of one reaction acts as an enzyme for a reaction downstream. (A) The Heinrich model captures the basic essence of such an architecture. For time t < 0, the receptor, E0 receives a stimulus with strength Einit 0 . E0 then converts M0 toM p 0 .M p 0 then converts M1 toM p 1 , andM p 1 converts M2 toM p 2 . The concentration ofMp2 is considered the output response. After the system reaches a steady-state, at time t = 0, the stimulus is immediately removed, and the system then settles into a deactivated state. (B) The HuangFerrell is a more complicated model that explicitly includes the phosphatase at each layer and assumes massaction kinetics. The second and third layer also assume double-phosphorylation events are needed for activation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-for-the-linearized-heinrich-model-a-e-i-the-2bfnzjj4.png Fig 4. Results for the Linearized Heinrich Model. (A, E, I) The temporal profiles of the response relaxation for different values of β0, β1, and β2. The same parameters for Fig 2 are used here. (B, F, J) The consecutive similarity in the temporal profiles for β0, β1, and β2. At no point does the system display dynamics robustness. The gray portion of the lines in (B, F, J) indicate that the system is in a deactivated state (i.e., g2 < 0.5) for those values of βi. (C, G, K) The half-life of the response as a function of β0, β1, and β2. The magenta triangle indicates when the βi value becomes the minimum β value. The black dot represents the base βi value from Table B in S1 Appendix. The grayed out region indicates that the system is in a deactivated state for those values of βi. The region between the dashed vertical lines indicate that the magnitude logarithmic gain of the duration against βi is less than 0.3. The dashed green line is g2 as a function of βi. (D, H, L) The logarithmic gain of the duration against β0, β1, and β2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-in-the-heinrich-model-2ff4p8z2.png Table 1. Parameters in the Heinrich model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-the-heinrich-model-a-e-i-the-temporal-wdduqosf.png Fig 2. Results for the Heinrich Model. (A, E, I) The temporal profiles of the response relaxation for different values of β0, β1, and β2. In (A), we set β1 and β2 equal to their base values from Table B in S1 Appendix. We then integrated the Heinrich model for the β0 values taken from the set fb00; b 1 0 ; . . . ; b 37 0 ; b 38 0 g ¼ f104:0; 103:8; . . . ; 10 3:4; 10 3:6g. (B, F, J) The consecutive similarity in the temporal profiles for β0, β1, and β2. We consider the system to display dynamics robustness against a parameter if this measure is less than 0.3. The gray portion of the lines in (B, F, J) indicate that the system is in a deactivated state (i.e., g2 < 0.5) for those values of βi. (C, G, K) The half-life of the response as a function of β0, β1, and β2. The magenta triangle indicates when the βi value becomes the minimum β value. The black dot represents the base βi value from Table B in S1 Appendix. The grayed out region indicates that the system is in a deactivated state for those values of βi. The region between the dashed vertical lines indicate that the magnitude logarithmic gain of the duration against βi is less than 0.3. The dashed green line is g2 as a function of βi. (D, H, L) The logarithmic gain of the duration against β0, β1, and β2. https://scispace.com/papers/dysregulated-glut1-may-be-involved-in-the-pathogenesis-of-1941h5m2lq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-11y03hgo.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ujhhbta.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ns77ar0.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/e-battery-for-energy-storage-systems-200urwuf1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-of-individual-ultra-capacitor-voltage-vci-in-240hfjvi.png Fig. 4. Control of individual ultra capacitor voltage (VCi) in the series charge equalization circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-control-of-reservoir-capacitor-voltage-vcr-in-the-vdkukq8h.png Fig. 5. Control of reservoir capacitor voltage (VCr) in the series charge equalization circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-control-block-diagram-for-the-paralleling-of-ultra-1cv2tplq.png Fig. 6. Control block diagram for the paralleling of ultra capacitor strings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-diagram-showing-the-closed-loop-control-of-e-2ie2z4i3.png Fig. 7. Block diagram showing the closed loop control of e-Battery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-paralleling-of-ultra-capacitor-strings-2a9eoljm.png Fig. 3. Paralleling of ultra capacitor strings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-series-charge-equalization-circuit-2djf7n08.png Fig. 2. Series charge equalization circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-results-showing-the-operation-of-high-26b8xm9i.png Fig. 11. Experimental results showing the operation of high gain converter where red trace indicates output voltage (Vo : 50 V/div) and blue trace indicates duty ratio (d : 0.33/div) ; time scale : 250 ms/div. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-showing-the-operation-of-series-a5p844w7.png Fig. 8. Simulation results showing the operation of series charge equalization circuit. https://scispace.com/papers/dyverse-dynamic-vertical-scaling-in-multi-tenant-edge-45ufju9ib9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-affecting-dynamic-priority-management-pn38m142.png Table 3. Factors affecting dynamic priority management https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-violation-rate-when-the-slo-is-78ms-for-ipokemon-2yb5e6bv.png Figure 5. Violation rate when the SLO is 78ms for iPokeMon and 2.13s for FD. 32 Edge servers are deployed. Red blocks correspond to the overhead time when priority-based scaling occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-used-in-the-cloud-edge-model-2btlcep9.png Table 1. Notation used in the Cloud-Edge model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-affecting-static-priority-management-28kf3c2y.png Table 2. Factors affecting static priority management https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-three-tier-edge-computing-architecture-2c5ivhlh.png Figure 1. Example of a three-tier Edge computing architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-classification-of-existing-research-on-resource-3qsjzev7.png Figure 10. A classification of existing research on resource scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-application-of-dyverse-on-an-edge-node-2hckmlhx.png Figure 2. Example application of DYVERSE on an Edge node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-priority-scores-of-an-edge-server-when-the-priority-26euamzh.png Figure 3. Priority scores of an Edge server when the priority factor weights vary. https://scispace.com/papers/e-ducation-multidisciplinary-platform-to-support-the-3gyebgrkhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mathematics-game-3g0afg7l.png Fig. 4. Mathematics game https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-system-network-of-controllers-165fnxo9.png Fig. 8. System network of controllers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-science-games-1lkustdr.png Fig. 5. Science games https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-ducation-platform-2nridk8e.png Fig. 3. E-ducAtion platform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-system-main-software-function-3x0qcmry.png Fig. 10. System main software function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-platform-scenario-2xemc4rv.png Fig. 1. Platform Scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-four-games-mathematics-portuguese-science-and-english-1wp68prf.png Fig. 2. Four Games: Mathematics, Portuguese, Science and English. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-portuguese-game-z6dfu95o.png Fig. 6. Portuguese game. https://scispace.com/papers/early-adaptation-in-a-microbial-community-is-dominated-by-1qifqdzqs7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-the-effects-of-adaptive-mai197ao.png Figure 3. Relationships between the effects of adaptive mutations 497 on growth parameters, fitness and yield. The mutational effects ∆r 498 and ∆K are reported as fractional differences relative to the ancestral 499 values (see SM). (A) Correlation between ∆K and ∆r among adapted 500 mutants. (B) Correlation between ∆K and their relative fitness in the 501 original community among adapted mutants. (C) Correlation between 502 ∆K and yeast yield in mutant communities. 503 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-yields-and-fitness-a-k527wo1y.png Figure 2. Relationship between yields and fitness. (A) Correlation 487 between yeast and alga yields across communities formed by mutant 488 yeast and ancestor alga (“mutant communities”). (B) Correlation 489 between mutant fitness in the original community (C-condition) and 490 yeast yield in mutant communities. (C) Correlation between mutant 491 fitness alone (A-condition) and yeast yield in mutant communities. 492 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-472-1fihiejw.png Figures 472 https://scispace.com/papers/early-changes-in-rat-diaphragm-biology-with-mechanical-53a9isv00i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mrna-levels-of-myogenic-regulatory-factors-1dlykm85.png Figure 2. mRNA levels of myogenic regulatory factors determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the diaphragm (A) of control rats (open bars, n 9), spontaneously breathing rats (hatched bars, n 9), and rats under mechanical ventilation (solid bars, n 12) and in the gastrocnemius (B ) of control rats (open bars, n 9), after immobilization (hatched bars, n 10), and after both immobilization and passive shortening (solid bars, n 10). Values were normalized to the corresponding house-keeping gene amplification sig- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-the-different-myosin-heavy-chain-1r0tdaxf.png TABLE 1. PERCENTAGE OF THE DIFFERENT MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN ISOFORMS IN THE DIAPHRAGM OF THE MECHANICAL VENTILATION STUDY AND IN THE GASTROCNEMIUS OF THE PASSIVE SHORTENING STUDY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-western-blotting-data-of-myod-in-the-diaphragm-a-of-3pdy2sue.png Figure 5. Western-blotting data of MyoD in the diaphragm (A) of control rats (C, n 9), spontaneously breathing rats (SB, n 9), and rats under mechanical ventilation (MV, n 12) and in the gastrocnemius (B ) of control rats (C, n 9) after immobilization (I, n 12) and after both immobilization and passive shortening (I PS, n 12). Representative samples are provided for each group and each muscle. Each lane represents a sample with the first lane being the molecular marker. Values are means and SE. *p 0.05 versus C and SB; *p 0.01 and ***p 0.001 versus C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-of-the-rhythmic-passive-2n4kvh1o.png Figure 1. Experimental setup of the rhythmic passive shortening study. The rat is tracheotomized and breathed humidified air enriched with O2 and maintained at 37 C. During the 24 hours, continuous infusion of anestheticum (nembutal) and heparin was given via the right jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively. In addition, both hindlimbs were immobilized, but while the right hindlimb was solely immobilized (data not shown), the left hindlimb was also passively moved rhythmically. Passive shortening of the left hindlimb occurred at 55 movements per minute (f frequency). The device was calibrated such that the degree of gastrocnemius shortening was approximately 10% of resting muscle length, a change in length similar to the one experienced by the diaphragm during mechanical ventilation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-myod-myogenin-ratio-in-the-diaphragm-a-of-control-2arwum6i.png Figure 3. MyoD/myogenin ratio in the diaphragm (A ) of control rats (C, n 9), spontaneously breathing rats (SB, n 9), and rats under mechanical ventilation (MV, n 12) and in the gastrocnemius (B ) of control rats (C, n 9), after immobilization (I, n 12), and after both immobilization and passive shortening (I PS, n 12). Representative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results are provided for MyoD, myogenin, and housekeeping gene (cyclophilin A for the diaphragm and L32 for the gastrocnemius). Each lane represents a sample with the first lane being the molecular marker. The values of the bar graph were normalized to the corresponding housekeeping gene amplification signals. Values are means and SE. *p 0.05, ***p 0.001 versus C, p 0.05 versus SB. https://scispace.com/papers/early-detection-and-follow-up-of-colorectal-neoplasia-based-2a7fkla4d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-participants-included-in-follow-up-1zsb9gry.png Table 2. Demographics of participants included in follow-up study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-characteristics-of-participants-in-9bk0g8vu.png Table 2. Demographics of participants included in follow-up study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-outcomes-obtained-using-random-forest-analyses-based-1e9b2woa.png Table 3. Outcomes obtained using Random Forest analyses based on 20 most discriminating features. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; CRC, colorectal cancer; AA advanced adenoma; LA, large adenomas; SA, small adenomas; LGD, low-grade dysplasia; HC healthy controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-abbreviations-crc-fubtp9al.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics. Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; AA, advanced adenoma, LA, large adenomas; SA, small adenomas; HC, healthy controls; BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable; HGD: high grade dysplasia; LGD: low-grade dysplasia; AB: antibiotics. *Insufficient documentation of 2CRC, 6AA, 6LA, 10SA; 11 HC. https://scispace.com/papers/early-detection-of-parkinson-s-disease-using-image-4o1c8redhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-accuracy-of-result-35woi2ea.png Figure 25: Accuracy of result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-datspect-images-showing-dopaminergic-region-on-3geg5tyu.png Figure 4: DaTSPECT images showing dopaminergic region on different subjects[13] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-comparison-between-sum-of-area-right-and-left-of-1cf94s9t.png Figure 22: Comparison between sum of area right and left of the selected regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-results-with-test-subject-in-gray-in-predicted-2bgxxcxq.png Figure 17 Results with test subject (in gray) in predicted area; red region is PD region and blue region is non-PD region formed my ANN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-how-data-are-classifies-using-k-mean-clustering-15-1zanjvbh.png Figure 7 How data are classifies using K-mean clustering. [15] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-results-for-non-pd-subjects-accurately-predicted-337os5kj.png Figure 23: Results for non-PD subjects accurately predicted by ANN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-results-showing-pd-subjects-accurately-predicted-1rpxlpjl.png Figure 24 Results showing PD subjects accurately predicted by ANN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-feedback-neural-network-fevn34d7.png Figure 10 : Feedback Neural Network. https://scispace.com/papers/early-identification-of-root-rot-disease-by-using-2b6h53vj0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vegetation-indices-used-for-measuring-reflectance-2jlbs59k.png Table 1. Vegetation indices used for measuring reflectance changes between leaves from asymptomatic, diseased, and healthy plants of armillaria-diseased grapevines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-panel-a-shows-a-sample-of-an-rgb-photo-of-three-2hjrmjep.png Figure 4. Panel (a) shows a sample of an RGB photo of three leaves made with the Specim IQ camera. Panel (b) shows a sample of the hyperspectral image made with Specim IQ of the same leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sensitivity-matrix-of-vegetation-spectral-bygkbivq.png Figure 9. Sensitivity matrix of vegetation spectral discrimination based on the type of statistical test. Parametric versus non-parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the three spectral libraries. p-value < 0.025 (**), p-value < 0.01 (***). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-underground-symptoms-of-armillaria-root-rot-in-38kwhfuk.png Figure 1. Underground symptoms of Armillaria root rot in grapevine. Panel (a) shows the rotting wood and whitish mycelium in the subcortical area of the collar; panel (b) shows the fan mycelium in a detached fragment of collar cortex. Photo from the author, Mezzolombardo, TN, 24-08-2019. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-panel-a-shows-mean-reflectance-of-healthy-minus-wnpvx4cb.png Figure 8. Panel (a) shows mean reflectance of healthy minus diseased plants and asymptomatic minus diseased plants; panel (b) shows the standard deviations within each group of plants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-hyperspectral-signatures-of-the-three-plant-iohqr106.png Figure 7. Mean hyperspectral signatures of the three plant groups plus their standard deviations in the ribbons. Panel (a) highlights the signatures in the green spectrum, panel (b) in red edge, and panel (c) in the NIR spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-classification-metrics-corresponding-to-sknn-lda-qda-ydyiuud4.png Table 3. Classification metrics corresponding to SkNN, LDA, QDA, RDA, NB, and RPART classifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-three-classification-model-builds-based-on-different-pwkqa304.png Table 2. Three classification model builds based on different combinations of relevant variables. https://scispace.com/papers/early-initiation-of-a-factor-xa-inhibitor-can-attenuate-hp8ijweeab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-factor-xa-mediated-angiogenesis-and-fibrotic-changes-1qw3b29w.png Fig. 3. Factor Xa-mediated angiogenesis and fibrotic changes within ischemic areas through PAR-1 and PAR-2. (A) Representative immunofluorescence double labelling for protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 (top) or PAR-2 (bottom) (red) and GFAP (green) in peri-infarct areas on day 7 after pMCAO. Representative immunofluorescence double labelling for PAR-1 (top) or PAR-2 (bottom) (green) and PDGFRβ (red) in superficial cortical areas (B) and within ischemic cores (C) on day 7 after pMCAO. (D) mRNA expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in cultured human brain pericytes. Effects of the PAR-1 inhibitor vorapaxar (5 µmol/L), the PAR-2 inhibitor GB83 (10 µmol/L), and rivaroxaban (10 µmol/L) on factor Xa (FXa)-mediated growth assessed by MTT assay (E) and survival by LDH assay (F) in cultured pericytes. Values are means ± S.D. (n=8; *p < 0.05 vs. control and †p < 0.05 vs. FXa). (G) Representative immunohistochemistry for PDGFRβ in the ischemic core on day 10 after pMCAO (n=4). (h) Immunoblot analysis of PDGFRβ in the ischemic hemisphere on day 10 after pMCAO (n=5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-rivaroxaban-initiation-immediately-after-2m8qr6ds.png Fig. 4. Effects of rivaroxaban initiation immediately after pMCAO on inflammatory responses in ischemic areas. (A) Immunohistochemistry for Ly6G on day 4 after pMCAO in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=4). (B) Quantification of mRNA expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2, markers of neutrophils, in the ischemic hemisphere on day 4 after pMCAO in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=3; *p < 0.05). (C) Immunohistochemistry for F4/80 on day 4 after pMCAO in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=4). (D) Quantification of CCR2 mRNA expression, a marker of monocyte/macrophage, in the ischemic hemisphere on days 4 and 7 after pMCAO in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=3; *p < 0.05). (E) Quantification of mRNA expression of proinflammatory molecules TNF-α (left), IL-1β (middle), and IL-6 (right) in the ischemic hemisphere on days 4 and 7 after pMCAO. Values are means ± S.D. (n=3; *p < 0.05). Representative images of the blood–brain barrier breakdown, assessed by Evans blue dye, on day 4 after pMCAO (F), and quantification of the leakage (G). Values are means ± S.D (n=6). (H) Hemorrhagic scores in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice. Values are means ± S.D (n=6; *p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-rivaroxaban-initiation-immediately-after-yr2tg1oj.png Fig. 5. Effects of rivaroxaban initiation immediately after tMCAO or of its delayed initiation after pMCAO on functional restoration or pathological changes. (A) Neurologic function assessed by EBST on days 3, 6, 8, and 10 after tMCAO (90min ischemia and reperfusion) is shown in sham (non-pMCAO; open circle), control (open square), and rivaroxaban-fed (closed square) mice (n=4). (B) MAP-2-negative areas (left), infarct volume (middle) and GFAP-positive areas (right) on day 10 after transient MCAO in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=4). (C) Neurologic function assessed by EBST on days 7, 10, 12, and 14 after pMCAO where rivaroxaban treatment was initiated on day 7 (n=4). Sham (open circle), control (open square), and rivaroxaban-fed (closed square) mice (n=4). (D) MAP-2negative areas (left), infarct volume (middle) and GFAP-positive areas (right) on day 14 after pMCAO in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-rivaroxaban-initiation-immediately-after-zuk4mta9.png Fig. 1. Effects of rivaroxaban initiation immediately after pMCAO. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) negative areas (A) and infarct volume (B) on days 4, 7, and 10 after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in control (Cont) and rivaroxaban-fed (Riv) mice (n=4; ns, not significant). (C) Neurologic function, assessed by elevated body swing test (EBST) on days 5, 8, 10, 12, and 14 after pMCAO, is shown in sham (non-pMCAO; open circle), control (open square), and rivaroxaban-fed (closed square) mice. Values are means ± S.D. (n=5; *p < 0.05). (D) Representative images of immunohistochemical double labeling for MAP-2 (brown) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (purple) on day 10 after pMCAO. (E) Quantification of the GFAP-positive area in control and rivaroxabanfed mice (n=4; *p < 0.05). (F) Immunoblot analysis of GFAP and β-actin in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice using homogenates prepared from the ischemic hemisphere on day 10 after pMCAO. Values are means ± S.D (n=5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-mice-used-in-each-experiment-and-3ipa8562.png Table 1 The number of mice used in each experiment and related information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-rivaroxaban-initiation-immediately-after-2s83l5gw.png Fig. 2. Effects of rivaroxaban initiation immediately after pMCAO on leptomeningeal anastomosis development and mature angiogenesis within infarct area. (A) Leptomeningeal angioarchitecture was assessed by latex perfusion on days 1, 4, and 7 after pMCAO in control mice, and on day 7 after pMCAO in rivaroxaban-fed mice (n=4). The arrow (in the left panel) signals the occlusion site. (B) Representative images of cerebral blood flow assessed by a 2D flowmeter on days 0 (prepMCAO), 4, and 7 after pMCAO (n=4). (C) Number (left) and average diameter (right) of leptomeningeal anastomoses between the MCA and ACA or PCA (n=4; *p < 0.05). (D) Representative images of mature angiogenesis, assessed by immunohistochemistry of anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), in the ischemic core in control and rivaroxaban-fed mice on day 7 after pMCAO (n=4). https://scispace.com/papers/early-life-adversity-dispositional-mindfulness-and-59lsmuuilx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-associations-between-a-early-life-stress-els-5icq007g.png Figure 2. Linear associations between (A) early life stress (ELS), or (B) dispositional 366 mindfulness, and (i) perceived stress, (ii) depression, and (iii) anxiety at the first (green) and 367 second (red) assessment. * indicates p < .05. Pearson correlation coefficients are reported. * 368 indicated p < .05. 369 https://scispace.com/papers/early-life-history-of-three-pelagic-spawning-minnows-jit04i1iiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-length-lt-and-estimated-age-from-backcalculation-2oy5addt.png Fig. 3. Total length (LT) and estimated age from backcalculation of otolith daily rings for age-0 year (a) Macrhybopsis gelida, (b) Macrhybopsis hyostoma and (c) Macrhybopsis meeki sampled from the lower Missouri River, Missouri, in 2012. The curves were fitted as (a) y=−7⋅45+ 1⋅39x, (b) y=−20⋅88+ 1⋅24x and (c) y= 5⋅21+ 0⋅79x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-amundsen-index-graph-indicating-feeding-strategy-33ka28mi.png Fig. 2. (a) Amundsen index graph indicating, feeding strategy, prey importance and niche width contribution of prey categories and specifically for age-0 year (b) Macrhybopsis gelida, (c) Macrhybopsis hyostoma and (d) Macrhybopsis meeki sampled from the lower Missouri River, Missouri, in 2012. Prey items: Clado- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimated-age-in-relation-to-collection-date-for-age-0-2557ewv1.png Fig. 5. Estimated age in relation to collection date for age-0 year (a) Macrhybopsis gelida, (b) Macrhybopsis hyostoma and (c) Macrhybopsis meeki sampled from the lower Missouri River, Missouri, in 2012. Capture locations as indicated in Fig. 1: Rush ( ), Worthwine ( ), Lisbon ( ), Jameson ( ), Overton ( ) and Littles ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hatch-date-histograms-estimated-from-backcalculation-17q41zu6.png Fig. 4. Hatch date histograms estimated from backcalculation of otolith daily rings for age-0 year (a) Macrhybopsis gelida, (b) Macrhybopsis hyostoma and (c) Macrhybopsis meeki sampled from the lower Missouri River, Missouri, in 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-missouri-river-extending-across-the-state-of-missouri-l6wmfrcz.png Fig. 1. Missouri River extending across the state of Missouri along with sites sampled for age-0 year Macrhybopsis spp. in 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-proportion-of-macrhybopsis-spp-caught-by-site-in-2rrhezw9.png Table III. Proportion (%) of Macrhybopsis spp. caught by site in the lower Missouri River, May to August 2012. Sites are ordered from upstream to downstream (see Fig. 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-analysed-age-0-year-macrhybopsis-3365a1kw.png Table I. Summary of the analysed age-0 year Macrhybopsis species caught in the lower Missouri River, Missouri. Descriptions include number of specimens (n), mean± s.d. total length (LT), Levins’ index of specialization (B) and Morisita’s overlap index (M) https://scispace.com/papers/early-sirolimus-use-with-cyclosporine-elimination-does-not-4hrk3b1t85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-pu-at-d-1cakm4ad.png Table 1. Median PU at D https://scispace.com/papers/earthworm-effects-on-plant-growth-do-not-necessarily-1u9k8p3jw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-table-of-f-values-for-the-effects-of-24i47q49.png Table 1 ANOVA table of F-values for the effects of earthworms (AC and LT), soils, fertilizer and plant species on root, shoot and total biomass and shoot/root ratio (Total df=209) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-earthworms-soil-type-and-fertilizer-on-the-3mum7a68.png Fig. 2 Effects of earthworms, soil type and fertilizer on the shoot/root ratio of P. annua (PA), T. dubium (TD) and V. persica (VP). Abbreviations: C, control treatment; AC, A. caliginosa only; LT, L. terrestris only; LT + AC, combined treatment with A. caliginosa and L. terrestris https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-earthworms-soil-type-and-fertilizer-on-the-3sufzh8z.png Fig. 1 Effects of earthworms, soil type and fertilizer on the total biomasses of P. annua (PA), T. dubium (TD) and V. persica (VP). Abbreviations: C, control treatment; AC, A. caliginosa only; LT, L. terrestris only; LT + AC, combined treatment with A. caliginosa and L. terrestris https://scispace.com/papers/east-meets-west-a-meta-analytic-investigation-of-cultural-1x0mao6xll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-29-nations-on-the-two-dimensions-of-2zv0b0kf.png Figure 1. Locations of 29 nations on the two dimensions of idealism and relativism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-195udmer.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3t8dajdm.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-cultural-values-and-dimensions-for-22wgm14j.png Figure 2. Mean cultural values and dimensions for exceptionist, subjectivist, absolutist, and situationist nations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-1lk35bf9.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-3oi0noc0.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/papers/ecl-2-0-exhaustively-identifying-cross-linked-peptides-with-3p9opbe38a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-running-time-of-six-tools-with-respect-fh9bx3e6.png Table 1: The average running time of six tools with respect to di erent database sizes. The unit is hour. StavroX cannot handle the second to sixth databases, pLink cannot handle the fourth to sixth databases, ProteinProspector cannot handle the fth and sixth databases, and ECL needs many days to search the fth and sixth databases. Thus, the corresponding cells are marked with NA . PP stands for ProteinProspector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bar-plots-showing-identi-ed-true-and-false-positive-2n7m6rhr.png Figure 3: Bar plots showing identi ed true and false positive PSMs. Six bar plots correspond to the results of searching six databases. Without considering decoy proteins, there are 69, 219, 1019, 5019, 10019, and 15019 proteins in six databases, respectively. The blue bars denote true positive PSMs and the orange bars denote false positive PSMs. The value in the middle of each blue bar is the number of corresponding true positive PSMs and the value at the top of each orange bar is the number of corresponding false positive PSMs. PP stands for ProteinProspector. StavroX cannot handle the second to sixth databases, pLink cannot handle the fourth to sixth databases, ProteinProspector cannot handle the fth and sixth databases, and ECL needs many days to search the fth and sixth databases. Thus, the corresponding bars are left blank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-for-toc-only-3jxx6rk4.png Figure 5: For TOC only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-plot-showing-average-running-time-with-respect-to-32hmw6jj.png Figure 4: A plot showing average running time with respect to di erent numbers of peptide chains. Decoy sequences are included. The x-axis is the number of peptide chains (the unit is million) and the y-axis is the average running time (the unit is hour). The orange crosses are the observed running time of ECL and the orange dashed line is the tted quadratic line. The blue dots are the observed running time of ECL 2.0 and the blue solid line is the tted linear line. It also shows two lines' equations and R2 values. https://scispace.com/papers/ecodesign-tools-for-designers-defining-the-requirements-3u4fdfm667 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-holistic-framework-for-industrial-design-focused-spmz9nx1.png Figure 2 A holistic framework for Industrial Design focused ecodesign tools https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-navigation-chart-for-8pr2cfgt.png Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the navigation chart for ‘Information/Inspiration’ https://scispace.com/papers/echinoids-of-the-middle-eocene-warley-hill-formation-santee-1m5ctsm8bm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-plate-20-figures-1-6-2ztli70r.png Figure 24; Plate 20: figures 1-6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stratigraphic-occurrence-of-echinoids-within-the-272ur84o.png Table 2.—Stratigraphic occurrence of echinoids within the Santee Limestone https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-species-lithology-and-localities-of-23rkmwb5.png Table 3.—Characteristic species, lithology, and localities of the three faunal zones in the Castle Hayne Limestone (note that both Periarchus lyelli (Conrad) and EchinoLampas appendiculala Emmons occur rarely in the “middle zone,” as opposed to their great abundance in the “late zone”; Linlhia harmatuki, new species, is never found in the “late zone”) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-plate-11-figures-6-7-2v9lyloc.png Figure 15; Plate 11: figures 6, 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coelopleurus-infulatus-morton-and-coelopleurus-2ww63i1n.png Figure 2.—Coelopleurus infulatus (Morton) and Coelopleurus carolinensis Cooke: A, scattergram showing difference in number of porepairs between the two species; B, scattergram showing difference in number of primary tubercles in an ambulacrum of C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; C, scattergram showing difference in number of sphaeridia pits in C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; D, scattergram showing difference in number of interambulacral plates in C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; E, scattergram showing difference in number of primary tubercles in an interambulacrum of C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; F, scattergram showing difference in the diameter of the peristome in C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-3-plate-3-figures-4-7-plate-4-1mlm5jcl.png Figure 2.—Coelopleurus infulatus (Morton) and Coelopleurus carolinensis Cooke: A, scattergram showing difference in number of porepairs between the two species; B, scattergram showing difference in number of primary tubercles in an ambulacrum of C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; C, scattergram showing difference in number of sphaeridia pits in C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; D, scattergram showing difference in number of interambulacral plates in C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; E, scattergram showing difference in number of primary tubercles in an interambulacrum of C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke; F, scattergram showing difference in the diameter of the peristome in C. infulatus (Morton) and C. carolinensis Cooke. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-plate-18-27wu4dfn.png Figure 22; Plate 18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-eupatagus-wilsom-new-species-adoral-view-of-w8tn925m.png Figure 26.—Eupatagus wilsom, new species, adoral view of holotype USNM 264084 from Castle Hayne Limestone at locality 12, X 1.5. https://scispace.com/papers/ecological-equivalence-assessment-methods-what-trade-offs-6du17rxjpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-equivalence-assessment-method-eam-general-structure-2747l9j7.png Fig 1: Equivalence Assessment Method (EAM) general structure. Two sites are considered: the impacted site (dark grey boxes) and the potential offset site (light grey boxes). Site values are calculated for each site (center boxes) thanks to various indicators, and “compensation units” are obtained by multiplying these values by the site areas. Solid arrows and regular font correspond to features shared by most EAMs. Dotted arrows and italics correspond to main options for EAMs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-principal-component-analysis-pca-individuals-graph-3q2z7qud.png Fig 2b: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) individuals graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-principal-component-analysis-pca-variable-graph-2u5fh58y.png Fig 2b: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) individuals graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-criteria-related-to-operationality-u6izdm6x.png Table 2: Description of criteria related to operationality, scientific basis and comprehensiveness and working hypothesis underlying criteria choices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-equivalence-considerations-taken-into-account-in-2bqkhyke.png Table 3: Key equivalence considerations taken into account in EAMs and “compensation unit” used. https://scispace.com/papers/ecological-solutions-for-the-blind-2pz0r217vz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-front-stem-s-fitted-to-a-standard-long-cane-note-this-2x7vlp1o.png Fig 1. Front stem s fitted to a standard long cane. Note this first prototype https://scispace.com/papers/economic-and-social-rights-in-national-constitutions-1jhu4hsjr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-values-2yum028a.png Table 1. Coding Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rights-presence-in-the-middle-east-north-africa-1p4yemr5.png Figure 3. Rights Presence in the Middle East & North Africa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-proportion-of-esrs-that-are-justiciable-33e6zfvs.png Table 5. Proportion of ESRs that are Justiciable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rights-presence-in-the-postcommunist-states-3sbyzwru.png Figure 5. Rights Presence in the Postcommunist States https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-negative-binomial-regression-models-incidence-rate-2h2poqtf.png Table 7. Negative Binomial Regression Models (Incidence Rate Ratios & t-Statistics) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rights-presence-in-western-europe-north-america-3h1zgtnh.png Figure 8. Rights Presence in Western Europe & North America https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rights-presence-in-small-island-developing-states-2zm44v84.png Figure 9. Rights Presence in Small Island Developing States https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presence-of-economic-social-rights-35nqdnog.png Figure 1. Presence of Economic & Social Rights https://scispace.com/papers/economic-efficiency-and-value-maximization-in-banking-firms-33lpdio3ai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-banks-and-country-of-origin-3bv89yyd.png Table 1 – number of banks and country of origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-decomposition-of-the-malmquist-index-by-sizes-1989-1tpzbgsv.png Table 8.- Decomposition of the Malmquist Index by Sizes (1989-1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-components-of-productivity-as-drivers-of-market-313q9bnc.png Table 9. Components of productivity as drivers of market value https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decomposition-of-the-malmquist-index-21ekrdpi.png Table 6.- Decomposition of the Malmquist index https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-decomposition-of-the-malmquist-index-by-zones-1989-5dcfhtb0.png Table 7.- Decomposition of the Malmquist Index by Zones (1989-1998) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-datastream-bank-price-indexes-fzkm016v.png Figure 1.- Evolution of DataStream Bank price indexes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-temporal-evolution-of-technical-and-scale-efficiency-m5dlauzv.png Table 4.- Temporal Evolution of Technical and Scale Efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-efficiency-scores-by-geographic-zones-3uz7zg9t.png Table 5.- Efficiency Scores by Geographic Zones https://scispace.com/papers/economic-feasibility-of-methoprene-applied-as-a-surface-11nkvo3sdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-empirical-model-with-minimization-of-variable-costs-dm7znm7f.png Table 6. Empirical model with minimization of variable costs for treatments with methoprene plus esfenvalerate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-empirical-model-solutions-and-optimization-of-2f7yv59r.png Table 7. Empirical model solutions and optimization of frequency of treatments for treatments with methoprene plus esfenvalerate https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-empirical-model-with-minimization-of-variable-costs-38j8f30b.png Table 8. Empirical model with minimization of variable costs for treatments with methoprene plus 1% synergized pyrethrin https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-empirical-model-solutions-and-optimization-for-37mwfcgw.png Table 9. Empirical model solutions and optimization for treatments methoprene plus 1% synergized pyrethrin https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-model-with-minimization-of-variable-costs-38ljdwiw.png Table 1. Empirical model with minimization of variable costs for treatments with methoprene as a surface treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cost-summary-by-frequency-of-insecticide-application-1xvopvcd.png Table 2. Cost summary by frequency of insecticide application https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-model-solutions-and-optimization-of-2yrdrkej.png Table 3. Empirical model solutions and optimization of frequency of treatments for treatments with surface treatments of methoprene https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-empirical-model-with-minimization-of-variable-costs-21bxiub9.png Table 4. Empirical model with minimization of variable costs for treatments with aerosol methoprene alone https://scispace.com/papers/economic-preferences-and-personality-traits-among-finance-1khrfqr1wg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cumulative-distributions-of-risk-tolerance-s0l0-37aqd67n.png Figure 1: (a) Cumulative distributions of risk tolerance (S0L0), skewness tolerance (S1L0 − S0L0), and loss tolerance (S0L1 − S0L0), separated for the general population and the finance professionals sample. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests are reported in boxes. nGP = 395, nFP = 298. (b) Coefficient plots for the dichotomous variable indicating the finance professionals subject pool in ordinary least squares regressions for each of the four tasks eliciting attitudes towards risk, skewness, and losses. Si and Li are indicator functions for skewness and losses, respectively; e.g., S1L0 indicates the task with skewed lottery outcomes in the gain domain. (c) Differences between coefficient estimates per task, i.e., estimates isolating the effects of attitudes towards losses and towards skewness, respectively. S0L1−S0L0, for instance, denotes the difference in choice behavior attributable to loss tolerance (in lotteries without skewed outcomes). Hollow markers in panels (b) and (c) show estimates from models without adjustments (n = 693); solid markers show estimates from models with adjustment variables (n = 688). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals based on robust standard errors. The regression estimates are summarized in Table 2. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fractions-of-distributional-preference-archetypes-3t1wud9p.png Figure 2: (a) Fractions of distributional preference archetypes based on the Equality Equivalence Test (EET). Error bars indicate logit-transformed 95% confidence intervals; significance indicators are based on two-sample tests of proportion. nGP = 395, nFP = 298. (b) Coefficient plots for the dichotomous variable indicating the finance professionals subject pool in interval regressions for participants’ willingness-topay in the domain of disadvantageous and advantageous inequality, respectively. Hollow markers show estimates from models without adjustments (n = 693); solid markers show estimates from models with adjustment variables (n = 688). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals based on robust standard errors. The regression estimates are provided in Table 4. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parametrization-of-the-equality-equivalence-test-eet-1kpqmy9l.png Table 3: Parametrization of the Equality Equivalence Test (EET). The table shows the monetary payoffs (in sek) for the “active” player (m, for “me”) and the “inactive” player (o, for “other”) for the two choices “Left” and “Right,” for both the x-list (disadvantageous inequality) and the y-list (advantageous inequality). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mean-amount-returned-by-second-movers-in-the-2tlujp2h.png Figure 3: (a) Mean amount returned by second movers in the (strategy method) trust game conditional on each possible amount sent by the first mover, separated for the general population and finance professionals samples. (b) Coefficient plots for the dichotomous variable indicating the finance professionals subject pool in interval regressions for the amount returned by second movers in the trust game for each amount sent by the first mover (the tripled amount available is indicated in parentheses). Hollow markers show estimates from models without adjustments (n = 388); solid markers show estimates from models with adjustment variables (n = 387). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals based on robust standard errors. The estimates from the regressions are provided in Table 5. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coefficient-plots-for-the-personality-traits-es391zkv.png Figure 4: Coefficient plots for the personality traits elicited using (a) the Dark Triad inventory, (b) the competitiveness items from the Work and Family Orientation questionnaire (WOFO), and (c) the Big-5 inventory. All panels depict estimates for the dichotomous variable indicating the finance professionals subject pool in ordinary least squares regressions. Hollow markers show estimates from models without adjustment variables (n = 693); solid markers show estimates from models with adjustments (n = 688). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals based on robust standard errors. The estimates from the regressions are provided in Table 6. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analyses-of-participants-trustworthiness-22wc4npr.png Table 5: Regression analyses of participants’ trustworthiness. This table shows the results of ordinary least squares regressions (organized in rows) of the amount returned by the second mover in the strategy method trust game (for each amount sent by the first mover) on an indicator variable for the finance professionals subject pool and socio-economic adjustment variables (gender, age, income, and education). Robust standard errors are provided in parentheses. n = 693 in models without adjustments; n = 688 in models with adjustments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analyses-of-participants-attitudes-1ew5po7g.png Table 2: Regression analyses of participants’ attitudes towards risk, losses, and skewness. (a) Ordinary least squares regressions (organized in rows) of participants’ lottery choices in each of the four tasks on an indicator variable for the finance professionals subject pool and socio-economic adjustment variables (gender, age, income, and education). Si and Li are indicator functions for skewness and losses, respectively; e.g., S1L0 indicates the task with skewed lottery outcomes in the gain domain. (b) Estimates of the differences in coefficient estimates between tasks on the same covariates based on seemingly unrelated regressions, i.e., estimates isolating the effects of attitudes towards losses and skewness, respectively. S0L1 − S0L0, for instance, captures the difference in choice behavior attributable to loss tolerance (in lotteries without skewed outcomes). Robust standard errors are provided in parentheses. n = 693 in models without adjustments; n = 688 in models with adjustments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-analyses-of-participants-personality-cqyago7o.png Table 6: Regression analyses of participants’ personality traits. This table shows the results of ordinary least squares regressions (organized in rows) of the standardized scores of (a) traits elicited using the Dark Triad inventory, (b) the competitiveness sub-scale from the Work and Family Life Orientation (WOFO) survey, and (c) traits assessed using the Big-5 personality test on an indicator variable for the finance professionals subject pool and socio-economic adjustment variables (gender, age, income, and education). Robust standard errors are provided in parentheses. n = 693 in models without adjustments; n = 688 in models with adjustments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. https://scispace.com/papers/economic-scoring-formulae-in-multi-attribute-construction-4ilitvqj8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-possible-combinations-of-sp-in-esf-3v29hgw4.png Figure 1. Possible combinations of SP in ESF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-using-some-sps-over-the-auction-results-zvkoqe4y.png Table 1. Effects of using some SPs over the auction results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculation-of-the-true-economic-and-technical-bid-1z58k5x7.png Figure 2. Calculation of the True economic and technical bid weightings (Y axes) as a function of the initial Phony economic and technical bid weightings (X axes). https://scispace.com/papers/economics-of-climate-change-adaptation-a-case-study-of-ceres-512hyf6vur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-water-use-efficiency-adaptation-scenario-g8jb7hjx.png Table 5: Water use efficiency adaptation scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-increase-in-water-tariffs-adaptation-scenario-1ktrxh70.png Table 6: Increase in water tariffs adaptation scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-climate-change-base-comparison-1re83k3o.png Table 2: Impact of Climate change – Base comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-climate-change-adaptation-scenarios-3vs1cf1o.png Table 3: Climate change adaptation scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-climate-projections-applied-in-2t5nev2w.png Table 1: Summary of climate projections applied in hydrological modelling based on A2 (an emissions scenario that assumes continued increases in heat-trapping gases) emissions scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ceres-dynamic-integrated-model-cdim-schematic-3pj04jtk.png Figure 1: Ceres Dynamic Integrated Model (CDIM) Schematic Diagram Source: Developed from Callaway et al. (2008) and Louw et al. (2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-farm-dam-and-winter-water-right-adaptation-scenario-3jyvcjm7.png Table 4: Farm dam and winter water right adaptation scenario https://scispace.com/papers/economics-reform-and-wage-differentials-in-latin-america-24adfdqhqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-20c3jzrx.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-3z5ebaf9.png Figure 3b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-uv7eahaz.png Figure 3b https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1w28b6xg.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3susqfv7.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-27rzgqqh.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wage-differentials-and-individual-reform-indices-xz7ykk1b.png Table 2 Wage Differentials and Individual Reform Indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wage-levels-and-individual-reform-indices-12fke306.png Table 6 Wage Levels and Individual Reform Indices https://scispace.com/papers/economics-of-modeling-and-simulation-reflections-and-3qoh0k6i67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cost-effectiveness-of-two-groups-of-m-s-techniques-qtvvd3fh.png Figure 3: Cost-effectiveness of two groups of M&S techniques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cost-effectiveness-of-m-s-on-the-basis-of-3l91z62j.png Figure 2: Cost-effectiveness of M&S on the basis of application areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-2-by-2-matrix-framework-for-m-s-cost-2ywa0fr4.png Figure 1: Proposed 2-by-2 Matrix framework for M&S cost-effectiveness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cost-effectiveness-of-m-s-on-the-basis-of-company-2lelmcll.png Figure 4: Cost-effectiveness of M&S on the basis of company size https://scispace.com/papers/ecophysiological-models-for-global-invaders-is-europe-a-big-3uijju346y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-among-our-ecophysiological-ginal-et-al-3jbn35r8.png TABLE 5 Comparison among our ecophysiological (Ginal et al., 2020) and previous correlative (Ihlow et al., 2016; Measey et al., 2012; Rödder et al., 2017) Species distribution model (SDM) approaches: Predicted area of distribution in the native and invasive range in km2 and percentage relative to the ecophysiological SDM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pairwise-spearman-rank-correlations-among-k7h382zt.png TABLE 2 Pairwise Spearman rank correlations among ecophysiological rasters developed based on performance of native adult frogs https://scispace.com/papers/ectopic-expression-of-a-maize-calreticulin-mitigates-calcium-4hlt8sveh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-analyses-of-scax1-crt-and-scax1-crt-3bhw49xh.png Fig. 1 Molecular analyses of sCAX1-, CRT- and sCAX1+CRT-expressing tobacco and 3 tomato plants. (a) T-DNA regions of pCaMV35S::sCAX1 and pE1775::CRT. RB, 4 Right border; LB, left border; Nos-pro, nopaline synthase promoter, Kan R, the gene 5 conferring resistance to kanamycin, neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII); Nos-ter, 6 nopaline synthase terminator. 35S pro, CaMV 35S promoter; sCAX1, short cut cation 7 exchanger 1 coding region; Aos, octopine synthase transcriptional activating element; 8 AmasPmas, mannopine synthase 2’ activating and promoter elements; CRT, maize 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-of-crt-mitigated-the-ca-2-deficiency-like-3nqf7gxu.png Fig. 4 Expression of CRT mitigated the Ca 2+ deficiency-like symptoms of 2 sCAX1-expressing tomato plants. (a) Expression of CRT mitigated the leaf tip burning 3 of sCAX1-expressing tomato plants. (b) Expression of CRT reduced the BER 4 incidence of sCAX1-expressing tomato plants. Left panel, sCAX1-expressing tomato 5 plants; right panel, sCAX1+CRT-expressing tomato plants. (c) BER ratio of wild-type, 6 sCAX1-, CRT-, and sCAX1+CRT-expressing tomato plants. (d) Concentrations of 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-segregation-of-the-ca-2-deficiency-like-symptoms-a-icejfq7p.png Fig. 3 Segregation of the Ca 2+ deficiency-like symptoms. (a) Morphology of T1 2 generation of sCAX1-, and sCAX1+CRT-expressing tobacco plants. (b) Segregation of 3 the morphology in T2 generation of sCAX1+CRT-expressing plants. Some of the 4 plants maintained the normal morphology, but some returned to the 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crt-suppresses-scax1-induced-ion-sensitivity-in-1eca601x.png Fig. 5 CRT suppresses sCAX1-induced ion sensitivity in tobacco plants. (a) Tobacco 8 seedlings grown in medium with low Ca 2+ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-morphology-of-scax1-and-scax1-crt-expressing-tobacco-i8cmkrwe.png Fig. 2 Morphology of sCAX1-, and sCAX1+CRT-expressing tobacco plants at young 2 stage. (a-b) the sCAX1-expressing tobacco plants used for CRT transformation. (c) the 3 morphology of sCAX1-expressing tobacco seedlings. (d) the morphology of 4 sCAX1+CRT-expressing tobacco seedlings. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/ecstasy-pill-testing-harm-minimization-gone-too-far-463bb745qq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-some-drugs-that-respond-to-the-marquis-19o2s7t3.png Table 2. Examples of some drugs that respond to the Marquis test (Moffat et al., 1986) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pill-testing-methods-compared-18ofmqg6.png Table 1. Pill testing methods compared https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-marquis-test-and-gc-ms-for-the-2w5trvv9.png Table 3. Comparison of the Marquis Test and GC-MS for the detection of different compounds in ecstasy pills (Murphy, 1999) https://scispace.com/papers/edge-strand-of-escherichia-coli-bepa-interacts-with-immature-52qw8nlnuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-edge-strand-of-bepa-is-crucial-for-functional-32f8yhzk.png Figure 1. The edge-strand of BepA is crucial for functional interaction with LptD (A) Crystal structure of BepA (PDB code: 6AIT). The peptidase and the TPR domains of BepA are shown in gray and orange, respectively. The edge-strand, the proteolytic active site (the HExxH motif and the third zinc ligand, Glu-201) and the regulatory His-246 residue (His switch) in the peptidase domain are shown in red, blue, and green, respectively, and the coordinated zinc atom is shown in yellow. An enlarged view of the active site region is shown in right. (B) Protease activities of the BepA edge-strand mutants. Cells of SN56 (ΔbepA) carrying pTWV228-lptD-his10 and either pSTD689 or pSTD689 bepA plasmids were grown at 30˚C in L-medium until early log phase and induced with 1 mM IPTG for 1 h. Total cellular proteins were acid-precipitated and analyzed by 7.5 or 10% Laemmli SDS PAGE and immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. (C) In vivo photo-crosslinking analysis of the BepA edge-strand. Cells of SN56 carrying pEVOL-pBpF and pUC18 bepA(E137Q, amb)-his10 plasmids were grown at 30˚C in L medium containing 0.02% arabinose and 0.5 mM pBPA until early log phase, and induced with 1 mM IPTG for 1 h to express the indicated BepA(pBPA) variants. The cultures were divided into two portions, each of which was treated with or without UV-irradiation for 10 min at 4˚C. Proteins of the total membrane fractions were subjected to pull-down with Ni-NTA agarose. Purified proteins were analyzed by 7.5% Laemmli SDS PAGE and immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. Open triangles indicate unknown crosslinked products. (D) Chaperone-like activities of the BepA edge-strand mutants. Cells of SN56 carrying pSTD689 or a pSTD689 bepA plasmid were grown at 30˚C in M9based medium until early log phase, induced with 1 mM IPTG for 15 min, pulse-labeled with 35S-Met for 1 min and chased for the indicated periods. At each time point, total cellular proteins were acid-precipitated, subjected to IP with an anti-LptD antibody, and analyzed by 7.5% Laemmli SDS PAGE followed by phosphorimaging. The ratio of the band intensities of LptDNC to that of total LptD (LptDC + LptDNC) at the each time point was quantitated and the mean values were plotted with S.D. (n = 2 technical replicates). The result shown is a representative of two independent experiments that were conducted using the same transformants (i.e. two technical replicates). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-for-the-substrate-recognition-and-3tpizl7e.png Figure 5. Model for the substrate recognition and discrimination by BepA (A) A schematic cartoon of the substrate recognition by BepA at its active site. See the text for details. (B) An overview of the proposed LptD assembly process and BepA-mediated discrimination of the assembling and stalled LptD species. See the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bepa-interacts-with-a-lptd-intermediate-assembling-1mdp3sl0.png Figure 4. BepA interacts with a LptD intermediate assembling on the BAM complex (A, B) In vivo photo-crosslinking of an LptD mutant having pBPA at two positions with BepA. Cells of RM2243 (bepA(E137Q)) carrying pEVOL-pBpF, pMW118 bepA(E137Q) and pRM294-lptD(amb)-his10 plasmids were grown at 30˚C in L medium containing 0.5 mM pBPA until early log phase and induced with 1 mM IPTG for 3 h to express the indicated LptD(pBPA) variants. The cultures were divided into two portions, each of which was treated with or without UV-irradiation for 30 min at 4˚C. Proteins of the total membrane fractions were subjected to pull-down with Ni-NTA agarose. Purified proteins were analyzed by 7.5% Laemmli SDS PAGE by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. (C) Simultaneous crosslinking of LptD having Y331pBPA and E733C with the BepA edge-strand and the seam region of BamA(S439C). Cells of RM3655 (bamA(S439C), ΔbepA)/pEVOL-pBpF/pMW118 bepA(E137Q) carrying pRM294-lptD(E733C)-his10 or pRM294-lptD(Y331amb, E733C)-his10 were grown and induced as in A. After treatment with or without BMB and the following quenching of BMB by addition of excess cysteine, the cultures were divided into two portions, each of which was treated with or without UV-irradiation for 10 min at 4°C. Total cellular proteins were acid-precipitated, solubilized with SDSbuffer containing NEM and subjected to pull-down with Ni-NTA agarose. Purified proteins were analyzed by 7.5% Laemmli SDS PAGE and immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. The anti-BamA immunoblotting showed that the amount of the BepAxLptDxBamA crosslinked product was much lower than that of the LptDxBamA crosslinked product. Although the anti-BepA antibodies apparently cross-reacted weakly with the LptDxBamA crosslinked products (asterisks), the higher signal intensity of the BepAxLptDxBamA crosslinked product band as compared with the intensity of the LptDxBamA band indicate that the detection of the former band with the anti-BepA antibodies cannot be ascribed to this cross-reactivity. In A–C, we confirmed that the amounts of the isolated non-crosslinked LptD-His10 derivatives was roughly equal by CBB staining or anti-His immunoblotting (Figure 4-figure supplement 3). The result shown is a representative of two technical replicates. (D) A schematic cartoon of the interaction of the LptD assembly intermediate with BepA and BamA/D on the BAM complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bepa-edge-strand-directly-contacts-with-the-tyr-331-3k5giodv.png Figure 3. BepA edge-strand directly contacts with the Tyr-331 residue in the N-terminal half region of the LptD βbarrel forming domain (A) Effect of the BepA edge-strand mutations on the crosslinking between BepA and the LptD derivatives having pBPA in the N-terminal half region of the LptD b-barrel-forming domain. Cells of SN56 (ΔbepA) carrying pEVOL-pBpF, pMW118 bepA(E137Q, mut) and pRM294-lptD(amb)-his10 were grown, induced to express a BepA and a LptDpBPA derivative and subjected to photo-crosslinking analysis as described in Figure 2. (B) Disulfide crosslinking between the Cys residues in the edge-strand of BepA and the N-terminal half region of the LptD β-barrel-forming domain. Cells of SN56 (ΔbepA) carrying a combination of plasmids encoding WT or a Cysintroduced mutant of BepA and LptD-His10 as indicated were grown in L-medium and induced with 1#mM IPTG for 3#h to express BepA (Cys) and LptD(Cys)-His10. Total cellular proteins were acid-precipitated, solubilized with SDS-buffer containing NEM (for blocking free thiol groups) and subjected to pull-down with Ni-NTA agarose. The purified proteins were treated with or without 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) and analyzed by 7.5% Laemmli SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. The result shown is a representative of two technical replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photo-crosslinking-of-the-the-b-barrel-forming-2d8vn0pn.png Figure 2. Photo-crosslinking of the the β-barrel forming domain of LptD with BepA (A, B) In vivo photo-crosslinking between LptD and BepA. Cells of RM2243 (bepA(E137Q)) carrying pEVOL-pBpF, pMW118 bepA (E137Q, mut) and pRM294-lptD(amb)-his10 plasmids were grown at 30˚C in L medium containing 0.02% and 0.5 mM pBPA until early log phase and induced with 1 mM IPTG for 3 h to express the indicated LptD(pBPA) variants. The cultures were then divided into two portions, each of which was UV-irradiated for 10 min at 4˚C. Total cellular proteins were acid-precipitated and analyzed by 7.5% Laemmli SDS PAGE and immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. Most of the LptD mutants were accumulated in comparable amounts. LptD-His10xBepA crosslinked products were not detectable with an anti-His antibody due to its low reactivity to LptD-His10 in this and the following experiments. Amino acid residues shown in red and blue indicate the ones whose side chain is pointing inward and outward, respectively. Amino acid residues shown in green indicate the ones located in the loop regions. The result shown is a representative of two technical replicates. (C) Summary of the BepA crosslinked positions in LptD. Positions where the crosslinking with BepA was clearly and reproducibly detected are indicated by colored dots. (D) Mapping of the BepA crosslinked positions on the barrel domain of LptD in the E. coli LptD–LptE structure (PDB code: 4RHB). LptD and LptE are shown in gray and light green, respectively. The N-terminal strand and the β-signal (C-terminal region) in the LptD β-barrel domain are shown in magenta and light blue, respectively. The top view of the LptD/E structure from extracellular space (upper) and the side view of the N-terminal region of LptD βdomain (lower) are shown. The positions where the crosslinking with BepA was observed were indicated by spheres colored as above. https://scispace.com/papers/ecotoxicological-aspects-related-to-the-presence-of-3mn3xllzl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-pharmaceutical-3ejr360s.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of pharmaceutical biotransformation to increase their polarity (adapted from Reference [35]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-examples-of-concentrations-ng-l-1-of-antineoplasic-3l6c362w.png Table 8 Examples of concentrations (ng L−1 ) of antineoplasic drugs measured in different aquatic environments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-concentrations-ng-l-1-of-sex-hormones-22jsfs8j.png Table 4 Examples of concentrations (ng L−1 ) of sex hormones measured in different aquatic environments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentage-of-published-studies-on-different-1p0n349w.png Fig. 1. Percentage of published studies on different therapeutic classes, expressed in relative percentage, described on 183 articles published between 1996 and 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-examples-of-concentrations-ng-l-1-of-antidepressants-1mo522v6.png Table 7 Examples of concentrations (ng L−1 ) of antidepressants measured in different aquatic environments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-sources-and-fate-of-pharmaceuticals-in-23l3fk57.png Fig. 3. Representative sources and fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment (adapted from Reference [6]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-examples-of-concentrations-ng-l-1-of-antiepileptic-2jjmg6di.png Table 5 Examples of concentrations (ng L−1 ) of antiepileptic drugs measured in different aquatic environments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-examples-of-concentrations-ng-l-1-of-blockers-agents-2p0te2fu.png Table 6 Examples of concentrations (ng L−1 ) of �-blockers agents measured in different aquatic environments. https://scispace.com/papers/edge-turbulence-velocity-changes-with-lithium-coating-on-4ipuy8wt8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-poloidal-turbulence-velocities-vs-lithium-at-different-2gyrdj2l.png Fig. 2 Poloidal turbulence velocities vs. lithium  at different radial locations (R-Rsep =-2, 0, 2 cm). The error bars are the RMS variations of Vpol at each point. The average poloidal velocity increases from ~2 km/s to ~3 km/s with more lithium for all radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-parameter-changes-with-lithium-a-shows-the-bn-b-2q54e0wb.png Fig. 1 Main parameter changes with lithium: (a) shows the βN, (b) shows the injected NBI power, (c) shows the empirical scaling coefficient H98y,2, (d) shows the divertor Dα light, (e) shows the edge pressure. The red lines are linear fits of these points, except for (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ion-charge-exchange-collision-frequency-profiles-from-38jj5duh.png Fig. 5 Ion charge exchange collision frequency profiles from neutral particles simulation results with the same labels as for Fig. 4. The lithium coating increased with shot number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-edge-neutral-density-profiles-from-neutral-particle-2jjgmv38.png Fig. 4 Edge neutral density profiles from neutral particle simulation codes of KN1D, using the plasma electron density and temperature profiles from Thomson Scattering diagnostic and the edge pressures from ion gauge shown in Table 1. The lithium coating increased with shot number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fluctuating-part-of-the-poloidal-velocity-dvpol-125d8v7f.png Fig. 3 Fluctuating part of the poloidal velocity (δVpol) divided the mean poloidal velocity (Vpol) at different radial locations vs. the amount of lithium coating before shot. The δVpol /Vpol decreased with increased lithium coating. https://scispace.com/papers/education-and-skills-mismatch-in-the-italian-graduate-labour-wvawx90qft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wage-equation-grouped-regression-log-normal-marginal-324fb2qu.png Table 4: Wage equation, grouped regression, log-normal: marginal effects (standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-marginal-effects-for-binomial-logistic-regression-3qn8uptl.png Table 5: Marginal Effects for Binomial Logistic Regression - Estimation for the Probability of 'Seeking Employment' Compared to the Reference Category of 'Not Seeking Employment' (standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-variables-30ihiwik.png Table 1: Definition of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-wghdyo1m.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-relation-between-over-under-education-and-a-214h0r5e.png Table 3: The Relation between over/under –education and a measure of skill under-utilisation https://scispace.com/papers/education-for-global-citizenship-at-universities-2ejad2zpsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-our-sample-with-regard-to-their-1m3akfx9.png Table 1: Characteristics of our sample with regard to their participation in the learning spaces https://scispace.com/papers/education-system-institutions-and-educational-inequalities-4c4ke97ixv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-1z8fhr2m.png TABLE A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c5b5oxbk.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-3c1fygzk.png TABLE A.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-b750dqia.png TABLE A.4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-37e9rgdp.png TABLE A.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lc19bwo2.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/papers/educational-mobility-in-developing-countries-26u93qz8tl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-role-of-education-in-the-socio-economic-h78eojeq.png Figure 2: The role of education in the socio-economic mobility process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-relative-and-absolute-mobility-of-1950-80-387yg2jm.png Figure 1: Change in relative and absolute mobility of 1950–80 cohorts, across regions https://scispace.com/papers/educational-systems-and-gender-segregation-in-education-a-30k5d5uc57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direction-of-significant-factors-regarding-2e8jefg4.png Table 4: Direction of significant factors regarding individual enrolment in gender-typed educational programmes (weighted analysis for Germany and Canada, unweighted analysis for Norway) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vertical-and-horizontal-distribution-of-men-and-zq8oipzt.png Table 2: Vertical and horizontal distribution of men and women across educational programmes in Norway (non-weighted %, N = 2,469) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vertical-and-horizontal-distribution-of-men-and-725y6hgc.png Table 3: Vertical and horizontal distribution of men and women across educational programmes in Canada (weighted %, N = 10,867) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vertical-and-horizontal-distribution-of-men-and-1w954bqh.png Table 1: Vertical and horizontal distribution of men and women across educational programmes in Germany (weighted %, N = 4,386) https://scispace.com/papers/efectos-letales-y-subletales-luego-de-exposicion-a-rjk9vfdtyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fecundity-number-of-eggs-female-and-fertility-3s2p909t.png Figure 3. Fecundity (number of eggs/female) and fertility (number of larvae/eggs) of Chrysoperla externa with the different treatments. Bars are means ± SE. Different letters denote significant differences between treatments. ANOVA, Fisher LSD, P ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-development-time-of-chrysoperla-externa-with-3saxdo4o.png Figure 2. Development time of Chrysoperla externa with different treatments. C: control; Ci: cypermethrin; Ac: acetamiprid; A: azadirachtin; P: pyriproxyfen. Bars are means ± SE. Asterisks denote significant differences between treatments and controls. ANOVA, Fisher LSD, P ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-cypermethrin-acetamiprid-azadirachtin-and-2zoyaplt.png Table 1. Effect of cypermethrin, acetamiprid, azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen on the survival of Chrysoperla externa offspring. KaplanMeier, χ2 log rank test, P ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-insecticide-effect-on-the-survival-of-chrysoperla-34gffb2j.png Figure 1. Insecticide effect on the survival of Chrysoperla externa offspring. Kaplan-Meier, χ2, log rank test, P ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/eeg-neurofeedback-for-executive-functions-in-children-with-42lfifbkz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neurofeedback-intervention-loop-this-figure-is-23f7dbpq.png Figure 1. Neurofeedback intervention loop. This figure is adapted from Bagdasaryan and Le Van Quyen. It depicts a simplified overview of neurofeedback that is delivered via electroencephalography (EEG) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-publication-rates-between-2006-and-2016-of-journal-m6rdua2c.png Figure 2. Publication rates between 2006 and 2016 of journal articles examining EEG-, fMRI-, and NIRSneurofeedback, as indexed by Scopus.FootnotesEEG: electroencephalogram; fMRI: functional magnetic https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-10-uv-filters-on-the-brine-shrimp-artemia-salina-4sz3kxzvr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-a-growth-rate-b-granularity-c-cell-volume-12wmkyg3.png Figure 2. Relative (A) growth rate, (B) granularity, (C) cell volume, (D) fluorescence and (E) metabolic activity of exposed Tetraselmis compared to control, set to 100%. The boxes delineate the minimal and maximal values. The vertical line in the boxes is at mean. Significance levels relative to negative control determined by ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test: *** p < 0.001, ** p Figure 2. Relati ( ) growth rate, (B) granularity, (C) cell volume, (D) fluor scence and (E) metabolic activity of exposed Tetrasel is compared to control, set to 100%. The boxes delineate the minimal and maximal values. The vertical line in the boxes is at mean. Significance levels relative to negative control determined by ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. Results were not significant unless otherwise stated. N/A: not applicable, the data could not be obtained due to extensive cell death. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mortali-y-rate-of-a-salina-expos-e-10-uv-filters-at-12nfm69o.png Figure 1. Mortali y rate of A. salina expos e 10 UV filters at 6 concentrations. Boxes delineate the mini al and maximal values and the l line is the median of six replicates. Sig ificance levels relative to control determined by followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test: *** p < 0.001. Results were not significant unless otherwise stated. For BM, HS and OC, the LC50 is reported on the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mortality-rate-of-a-salina-exposed-to-the-10-uv-194i1e67.png Figure 1. Mortali y rate of A. salina expos e 10 UV filters at 6 concentrations. Boxes delineate the mini al and maximal values and the l line is the median of six replicates. Sig ificance levels relative to control determined by followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test: *** p < 0.001. Results were not significant unless otherwise stated. For BM, HS and OC, the LC50 is reported on the figure. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-a-grain-refiner-cum-modifier-on-mechanical-1yxeyhvtj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-images-of-al-7si-alloy-a-without-addition-of-grain-3bu5rcc9.png Fig. 6. SEM images of Al-7Si alloy (a) without addition of grain refiner and with (b) 0.40 wt% of M01, (c) 0.60 wt% of M02, (d) 0.48 wt% of M03, (e) 0.55 wt% of M04 and (f) with 0.20 wt% of M05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimum-addition-levels-of-various-master-alloys-to-278m7v9q.png Table 1. Optimum addition levels of various master alloys to Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-das-analysis-of-al-7si-alloy-with-optimum-addition-wm8rv3su.png Fig. 8. DAS analysis of Al-7Si alloy with optimum addition levels of 0.40 wt% of M06, 0.60 wt% of M07, 0.48 wt% of M08 and 0.55 wt% of M09. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-macrophotographs-of-al-7si-alloy-without-addition-of-3a95kslb.png Fig. 7. Macrophotographs of Al-7Si alloy without addition of grain refiner (0 min samples) and with optimum addition levels of (a) 0.40 wt% of M06 and (b) 0.55 wt% of M09. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sem-microphotographs-of-al-7si-alloy-with-a-0-40-wt-of-3a6ps4vk.png Fig. 9. SEM microphotographs of Al-7Si alloy with (a) 0.40 wt% of M06 (b) 0.60 wt% of M07 (c) 0.48 wt% of M08 and (d) 0.55 wt% of M09 at low (e) and high (f) magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mechanical-properties-of-al-7si-and-al-11si-alloys-23w3zwaf.png Table 7. Mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-percentage-of-improvement-in-mechanical-properties-18xeu53e.png Table 8. Percentage of improvement in mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-particle-size-analysis-of-m01-m02-m03-and-m04-master-1y34y4m5.png Table 6. Particle size analysis of M01, M02, M03 and M04 master alloys https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-amorphous-phase-separation-and-crystallization-on-4w00rn1f5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-the-fraction-of-asds-and-in-qr7bm67b.png Figure 6: Relationship between the fraction of ASDs and in vivo AUC0-24h. ± SEM ( https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-the-fraction-of-crystallized-39wgdv4o.png Figure 3: Relationship between the fraction of crystallized CCX (% w/w) in the ASDs and in https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-analysts-earnings-pressure-on-marketing-spending-1tps8ee47h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-timeline-of-the-events-2wnm9d7g.png Figure 1 The Timeline of the Events https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-moderation-effect-of-high-versus-low-industry-growth-ga5h3a58.png Table 7 Moderation Effect of High versus Low Industry Growth on H1 Effect of Analysts’ Pressure on Marketing Spending to Sales Ratio Decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-moderation-effect-of-high-versus-low-industry-growth-2lyuv0hq.png Table 8 Moderation Effect of High versus Low Industry Growth on H2 Relationship between Commitment to Marketing Spending to Sales Ratio Under Analysts’ Pressures and Stock Market Return https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-moderation-effect-of-top-4-market-share-vs-lower-2d5rnm98.png Table 9. Moderation Effect of Top 4 Market Share vs. Lower Market Share Firms in the Industry on H1 Effect of Pressure from Analysts’ Earnings Expectations on Marketing Spending to Sales Ratio Decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-commitment-to-marketing-43nrmw2c.png Table 4. Relationship between Commitment to Marketing Spending to Sales Ratio Under Analysts’ Earnings Pressures and Stock Market Return https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-works-from-the-marketing-finance-interface-2wit3835.png Table 1. Selected Works from the Marketing-Finance Interface Literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-pressure-from-analysts-earnings-2t5pl1uz.png Table 3. Effect of Pressure from Analysts’ Earnings Expectations on Marketing Spending to Sales Ratio Decisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-moderation-effect-of-high-versus-low-industry-r-d-p5malafo.png Table 5. Moderation Effect of High versus Low Industry R&D Spending to Sales Ratio on H1 Effect of Analysts’ Pressure on Marketing Spending to Sales Ratio Decisions https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-architecture-on-the-phase-behavior-of-ab-type-2ewgwbjbkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-diagram-analogous-to-that-of-figure-1-but-for-1ksub2pj.png Figure 4. Phase diagram analogous to that of Figure 1, but for 9-arm star block copolymers where each molecule is formed by joining 9 diblocks together by their B-ends. Here N is the degree of polymerization of each diblock arm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phase-diagram-analogous-to-that-of-figure-1-but-for-mn2xb2yu.png Figure 5. Phase diagram analogous to that of Figure 1, but for AB2 star block copolymers where each molecule has one A-type arm and two identical B-type arms. The change in architecture results in additional stability regions for the ordered A15 spherical (SA15) and perforatedlamellar (PL) morphologies. Here N is the degree of polymerization of the entire molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-diagram-analogous-to-that-of-figure-5-but-for-2w1mtoz6.png Figure 6. Phase diagram analogous to that of Figure 5, but for a comb architecture where the backbone is type B and the regularly spaced teeth are of type A. Here N is the degree of polymerization per tooth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-diagram-analogous-to-that-of-figure-1-but-for-2jgudypk.png Figure 3. Phase diagram analogous to that of Figure 1, but for infinite linear ABAB... multiblock copolymers. Here N is the degree of polymerization of the diblocks formed by cutting all the blocks in the middle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-diagram-analogous-to-that-of-figure-1-but-for-zx30o9ms.png Figure 2. Phase diagram analogous to that of Figure 1, but for symmetric ABA triblock copolymers. Here N is the degree of polymerization of the diblocks formed by snipping the triblocks in half. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phase-diagram-for-melts-of-ab-diblock-copolymers-31tyrb9a.png Figure 1. Phase diagram for melts of AB diblock copolymers, showing the stability regions of the ordered lamellar (L), cylindrical (C), bcc spherical (S), hcp spherical (Scp), gyroid (G), and Fddd (O 70) morphologies. The dot denotes a mean-field critical point, and the diamonds mark a couple of the difficult to resolve triple points. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-cation-exchange-on-the-subsequent-reactivity-of-4n7bjvl3zt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sulfur-fixation-in-the-ash-of-various-exchanged-3ffy2sz2.png TABLE 8 SULFUR FIXATION IN THE ASH OF VARIOUS EXCHANGED COALS https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-reactivities-in-steam-at-650degc-of-chars-prepared-1nw7qzpn.png TABLE 19 REACTIVITIES IN STEAM AT 650°C OF CHARS PREPARED FROM VARIOUS CATION EXCHANGED COALS https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-p-toperties-of-aoo-c-chars-prepared-from-ca-exchang-1cg1nfqg.png TABLE 11 P::tOPERTIES OF aoo=c CHARS PREPARED FROM Ca(++) EXCHANG-ED 28 x 48 MESH COALS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-burn-off-curves-at-650deg-of-800deg-chars-prepared-20oias6p.png Figure 12 BURN-OFF CURVES AT 650°(. OF 800° CHARS PREPARED FROM VARIOUS CATION EXCHANGED CHARS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ash-analyses-of-ra-1-demineralized-and-various-174diqz5.png TABLE 7 ASH ANALYSES OF RA\\1, DEMINERALIZED, AND VARIOUS CATION EXCHANGED 28 x 48 MESH COAL https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-reactivities-in-steam-at-650degc-of-900degc-ca-35m6t9s8.png TABLE 23 REACTIVITIES IN STEAM AT 650°C OF 900°C Ca(++) EXCHANGED, REHEATED CHARS https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-surface-areas-of-chars-aged-in-air-for-three-months-2gbrchov.png TABLE 9 SURFACE AREAS OF CHARS AGED IN AIR FOR THREE MONTHS AND REHEATED TO DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES FOR DIFFERENT TIMES https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-reactivities-in-steam-at-650degc-of-800degc-chars-2trpb42e.png TABLE 18 REACTIVITIES IN STEAM AT 650°C OF 800°C CHARS PREPARED FROM Ca(++) EXCHANGED COALS https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-capsaicin-on-voltage-gated-currents-of-trigeminal-hvphn1ydx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-caps-modifies-the-i-v-relationship-of-the-membrane-all-10br1atw.png Fig. 4. CAPS modifies the I–V relationship of the membrane. All data from a single cell, held at –60 mV. A: part of continuous recordings of the clamp-current, pairs of vertical lines mark timing of the repeated stepramp commands. Labels 1–7 help to identify records in A–D, horizontal bar marks application of 330 nM CAPS. Insert A1: Command protocol, a short depolarizing step to 0 mV followed about 600 ms later by a ramp. B: Superimposed plots of normalized clamp-current increase (dots) and step command evoked current intensity decrease (circles). Clamp-current data came from the 20 ms periods just before the onset of step commands. The vertical scale is 10-times larger for the clamp-current data. Note that the clamp-current peaks before maximum depression of the step evoked current. C: Four superimposed responses to steps to –10 mV, no leak subtraction. D: Superimposed I–V curves from ramp-command evoked data. Note the transient block of the fast inward current surge, the rapid increase (curves 3 to 4) followed by gradual decrease (curves 4–7) of the slope https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-responses-to-caps-application-onto-a-cell-in-slice-1qvj0f7k.png Fig. 5. Responses to CAPS application onto a cell in slice preparation. A: Current response to ramp-depolarization (B) with 0.8 mV/ms rate from –100 mV to +35 mV. Insert A1: Responses to step commands taken immediately after the ramp-test. Note the fast inward current to steps from –85 mV to –20 and –15 mV. C: Two I–V curves taken after adjusting the ramp to reach +80 mV: CONTROL curve before, CAPS at the peak effect of 150 nM CAPS. A dashed line is fitted by eyes to the middle portion of the CAPS curve. D: Time course of clamp-current changes, data displayed in the 0–200 Hz bandwidth. Vertical lines mark responses to ramp commands, their size only approximates the end points of original data. Numbers help trace identification in C–E. E: Conductance change calculated from the steady-state current in a step before each ramp. Insert E1: three superimposed responses to the initial part of the command, arrows mark data points considered for conductance calcula-tion, vertical differences among traces reflect CAPS induced inward clamp-current https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-caps-induced-depression-of-v-gated-fast-inward-current-2yuuhsff.png Fig. 3. CAPS-induced depression of V-gated fast inward current in a cell where no run down was detected. Insert shows initial part of a response to step pulse from –60 to 0 mV. No leak subtraction was used. Arrow indicates data measurement convention. The graph shows normalized data plotted against time, horizontal bar gives the period when CAPS was applied from close vicinity of the cell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mixed-current-responses-of-small-sensory-neurones-to-23fyp91g.png Fig. 1. Mixed current responses of small sensory neurones to depolarizing commands. All data were obtained with CsCl filled pipettes, and all cells were held at –60 mV. A: The most often seen type with fast peak followed by a prolonged component. Leak subtracted (p4 protocol) recordings, command increments 5 mV in the –60 to –10 mV range. Top trace is a sample of the command. B: Example of responses with very large slow component. No leak subtraction was used. Commands: 5 mV increments from –45 to 0 mV. C: Another often seen type with slower initial peak. D: Same as in C, responses to commands with 2 mV increments from –40 to –24 mV. Leak subtraction with computation. E: Data from another cell obtained in the presence of 1 µM TTX. Commands: 2 mV increments from –35 mV to –7 mV, leak subtraction with computation. F: Normalized peak current intensity calculated from the data in E (dots) and from another set of curves (circles) obtained in the same cell with 5 mV steps varied between –60 and 10 mV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-depression-of-vgated-inward-current-by-caps-a-c-data-13plj5mx.png Fig. 2. Depression of Vgated inward current by CAPS. A–C: data from a single cell exposed to 1 µM CAPS, and tested with constant depolarizing steps to –10 mV from –60 mV holding potential, dashed lines at the same current intensity level throughout, and the numbers identify corresponding traces. A, control: superimposed selected traces from a minute-long period. A, CAPS: Major changes in the presence of the agent: baseline shifts reflect CAPS-induced inward clamp-current increment and reduction of the stepevoked inward current indicates depression. B: expanded sweeps illustrate better the initial facilitation (trace 19) followed by depression (traces 20–23). C: Normalized peak current intensity changes. D: Means of normalized current intensities obtained in 10 cells under similar circumstances. Arrow marks onset of CAPS-induced changes, to where the data of individual cells were aligned before calculating mean values for every 6 sec intervals. Negative time refers to data before CAPS applied in different (150 nM to 1 µM) concentrations and for 20–60 sec to individual cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-changes-to-responses-to-ramp-commands-in-another-slice-32fhftc1.png Fig. 6. Changes to responses to ramp commands in another slice preparation from a 3 days old rat. A: Current responses to ramp depolarization of 1.8 mV/ms rate. Three superimposed traces taken in the presence of 150 nM CAPS, baseline differences indicate inward clamp-current, numbers help to identify data in E. B: Data of the command. C: Two current traces, the dotted one is the last control made before CAPS, the other indicates partial recovery about 10 min after CAPS. D: Two I–V curves generated from ramp-evoked currents: a) average of 4 responses taken during initial washin, and b) average of four others taken after washing out of CAPS. E: Time course of clampcurrent changes, data displayed in the 0–200 Hz bandwidth. Vertical lines mark times of responses to ramp commands, their size only approximates the end points of original data. Labels help data identification https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-austenitic-crystal-orientation-in-a-multiphase-3cr84ad4kh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contour-plot-of-axial-stress-s11-for-a-total-strain-110hxza2.png Figure 4: Contour plot of axial stress σ11 for a total strain of ε̄11 = 0.65% for orientation A (above) and orientation B (below). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-volume-fraction-of-austenite-as-a-24zd3m9z.png Figure 3: Normalized volume fraction of austenite as a function of the average axial strain ε̄11 of the samples with orientations A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-dimensional-model-of-an-aggregate-of-ferrite-2h783leq.png Figure 1: Two-dimensional model of an aggregate of ferrite and austenite grains. The martensite that forms upon transformation of austenite is shown in dark gray. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-orientation-of-slip-and-transformation-systems-of-32s8hq5g.png Table 2: Orientation of slip and transformation systems of austenite (angles are measured anti-clockwise with respect to the sample’s loading axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-axial-stress-s11-as-a-function-of-the-24fo6eav.png Figure 2: Average axial stress σ̄11 as a function of the average axial strain ε̄11 of the samples with orientations A and B for the cases with and without transformation. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-delayed-lumbar-punctures-on-the-diagnosis-of-acute-40ghltynhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-features-in-92-adults-with-meningitis-z73wh7wd.png Table 1 Clinical features in 92 adults with meningitis according to disease classification (no (%)) https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-different-colored-background-lighting-on-led-4m4zjyq2ez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-experimental-apparatus-showing-the-2icpbw9z.png Figure 2. Illustration of experimental apparatus showing the white LED array (A) and the luminous background (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-de-boer-rating-scale-9-every-odd-number-in-the-zef6kpyx.png Figure 1.The de Boer rating scale.9 Every odd number in the scale is described by a vocabulary word to help subjects use the scale in a consistent manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-de-boer-ratings-standard-error-of-the-mean-for-21fp5ohi.png Figure 3. Mean de Boer ratings (± standard error of the mean) for the different experimental conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-electric-field-on-one-quantum-photodecay-of-oxygen-lnr7rrfo5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-influence-of-successive-electric-field-increase-on-the-34xvg7bx.png FIG. 2. Influence of successive electric field increase on the triplet lumi cence signal kinetics. Experimental curve can be simulated by three su sive exponents—exp~1!, exp~2!, exp~3! in the form of y5y0 1Ae(1/t)(x2x0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decay-of-triplet-luminescence-intensity-in-fibers-as-a-3otq4pim.png FIG. 1. Decay of triplet luminescence intensity in fibers as a function of UV irradiation time from deuterium lamp. In the inset is the twin-hole fib position during the irradiation. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-excimer-laser-irradiation-of-biodegradable-polymer-6cq5qsuwcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-result-of-the-typical-temperature-v1alcaw8.png Figure 5: Simulation result of the typical temperature distribution in the film. This simulation depicts the film with high radical mobility 1 μs after the onset of a 2.4 J/cm2 laser pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-results-of-the-melting-depth-in-the-film-31lega81.png Figure 6: Simulation results of the melting depth in the film and the normalized number density of the CH3CHCOO units connecting at their ester group with other CH3CHCOO units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-crystallinity-of-plla-films-derived-from-the-waxd-13to09xm.png Figure 4: Crystallinity of PLLA films derived from the WAXD results as a function of laser fluence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-waxd-profiles-of-crystalline-plla-films-with-high-1e4qhuqw.png Figure 3: WAXD profiles of crystalline PLLA films with high radical mobility. Note that the peaks decrease at higher fluences (2.4 and 2.6 J/cm2). The same trend is observed for the films with low radical mobility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-morphologies-of-the-laser-treated-films-with-low-3jnw84o3.png Figure 2: Morphologies of the laser treated films with low radical mobility treated with the fluence of (a) 2.6 J/cm2 and (b) 2.7 J/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elementary-events-following-the-polymer-absorption-2ghxylsn.png Figure 1: Elementary events following the polymer absorption of photons with energies higher than the polymeric bond energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-area-percentage-of-three-resolved-peaks-in-the-c1s-1xhnztuo.png Figure 8: Area percentage of three resolved peaks in the C1s XPS spectra of the film with high radical mobility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-typical-c1s-xps-spectra-and-the-resolved-peaks-of-14h5m4tk.png Figure 7: Typical C1s XPS spectra and the resolved peaks of the film before and after laser treatment. The figures show the results of the film with high radical mobility (a) before laser treatment, and treated with fluences of (b) 2.5 J/cm2 and (c) 2.6 J/cm2. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-gate-structure-on-the-trapping-behavior-of-gan-4gf5xtjn0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-transfer-curves-double-sweep-of-gate-voltage-of-the-5xowznb0.png Fig. 2. (a) Transfer curves (double sweep of gate voltage) of the fabricated GaN junctionless FinFETs with overlapped- (filled rectangular) and partially covered-gate (empty rectangular) structure at Vd = 0.1 V. Corresponding Id – Vd curves for devices with (b) overlapped- and (c) partially covered-gate structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-proposed-gan-smu1wseu.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the proposed GaN junctionless FinFETs (a) overlapped- and (b) partially covered-gate structure. Inset of Fig. 1(a) shows cross-sectional TEM image of the perfectly rectangular GaN nanochannel fin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-product-sid-x-frequency-versus-frequency-in-the-1wg594hm.png Fig. 4. Product SId × frequency versus frequency in the fabricated GaN junctionless devices with (a) overlapped- and (b) partially covered-gate structure at Vg = – 1 V with Vd varied from 0.1 V to 5 V. Pulsed Id - Vd curves for the devices with (c) overlapped- and (d) partially covered-gate structure at Vg = 2 V sweeping Vd = 0 ~ 10 V. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-gate-structures-on-the-dc-and-rf-performance-of-4d17qezgi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-large-signal-performance-of-algan-gan-hemts-with-2b9j4v92.png Figure 11. Large-signal performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with the Type-2 gate structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-short-circuit-current-gain-h21-of-1obqh9vc.png Figure 8. Comparison of short-circuit current-gain |h21| of AlGaN/ GaN HEMTs with the various gate structures. Devices were biased at VDS=25 V with IDS=100 mA mm −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-large-signal-performance-of-algan-gan-hemts-with-12txaatf.png Figure 10. Large-signal performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Type-1 gate structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-transconductance-gm-vgs-zoqozd4u.png Figure 7. Comparison of transconductance (gm–VGS) characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with the various gate structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-masons-unilateral-power-gain-ug-of-1psm75os.png Figure 9. Comparison of Mason’s unilateral power-gain UG of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with the various gate structures. Devices were biased at VDS=25 V with IDS=100 mA mm −1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-results-of-the-algan-gan-hemts-sf5quf4c.png Table 1. Summary of the results of the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs devices with the various gate structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-large-signal-performance-of-algan-gan-hemts-with-wkg9w2l6.png Figure 14. Large-signal performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with the Type-5 gate structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-large-signal-performance-of-algan-gan-hemts-with-2pa5yuo4.png Figure 12. Large-signal performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with the Type-3 gate structures. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-h-bonding-on-order-amplification-in-the-growth-of-226hhq73nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dissecting-fundamental-interactions-in-bta-self-2q8awmvn.png Figure 3. Dissecting fundamental interactions in BTA self-assembly. (a) Conceptual scheme used to interpret hydrophobic aggregation. Dispersed BTA monomers aggregate hydrophobically to decrease the surface (black circles) exposed to the surface. (b,c) Two examples: average solventaccessible surface area (SASA) of the BTAs in (a) ordered 2BTAstack (red) and disordered 2BTArand (blue), or (c) ordered 48BTAstack (red) and disordered 48BTArand (blue) assemblies as compared to the SASA of the BTA monomer (black). Analogous plots for all other size systems are in the Supporting Information. (d) SASA variation per BTA (ΔSASA) for all cases as a function of the size of the assembly. (e) van der Waals interactions (ΔEvdW) between the BTAs in the assemblies. As with ΔSASA (d), also ΔEvdW data show characteristic cooperativity while growing larger aggregates, and negligible difference between ordered (BTAstack: red) and disordered (BTArand: blue) aggregates. (f) Electrostatic interactions (ΔEele) between the BTAs in the assemblies, showing clear differences between the two systems. (g) Average number of H-bonding per-BTA in the BTAstack assemblies (black axis) and related H-bonding energy estimated by the average energy per-single H-bond in aqueous solution for peptidic structures (∼−1.58 kcal mol−1).20,36 (h) Amplification of the dipole moment of the BTAs as a function of the size of the assembly calculated for BTAstack systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modeling-bta-assembly-a-molecular-structure-of-the-33qu5i4s.png Figure 1. Modeling BTA assembly. (a) Molecular structure of the water-soluble BTA monomer studied herein. (b,c) TEM (b) and STORM (c) images of BTA fibers in water. (d) Equilibrated BTA monomer in water solution obtained from the MD simulation. (e) Modeling strategy adopted in this study. Comparison between ordered and disordered BTA assemblies of the same size (same number of BTA monomers) allows studying the modulation of the interactions leading to the growth of ordered supramolecular polymers in water. (f) Starting (0 ns) and final (400 ns) configurations of the 21BTAstack simulated system. (g) Starting (0 ns) and final (400 ns) configurations of the 21BTArand simulated system. In the snapshots, the BTA side chains are transparent, the BTA cores are colored per atom (C, gray; O, red; and N, blue), and H-bonds are colored in green. Water molecules are not shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modeling-bte-stacks-a-molecular-structure-of-the-2q0a6ck0.png Figure 4. Modeling BTE stacks. (a) Molecular structure of the BTE monomer. (b) Starting (extended) and equilibrated structures taken form the MD simulation of 3BTEstack system. (c,d) Equilibrated structures obtained form the MD simulations of 7BTEstack (c) and 21BTEstack (d) models. (e) Per-monomer self-assembly free-energies (ΔG) for the different size simulated BTEstack assemblies (red). BTAstack (solid black line) BTArand (dotted black lines) ΔG data are provided for comparison. (f) Per-BTA difference (ΔΔG) between the self-assembly free-energies of BTAstack (ΔGstack(BTA)) and BTEstack (ΔGstack(BTE)) assemblies of various sizes. Negative ΔΔG values indicate the favorable contribution to the stacked assemblies brought by H-bonding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bte-versus-bta-supramolecular-polymers-a-b-14ufkmop.png Figure 5. BTE versus BTA supramolecular polymers. (a,b) Experimental SAXS profiles of (a) BTA (0.45 wt % in H2O) and (b) BTE (0.45 wt % in H2O) assemblies, fit with the Schurtenberger−Pedersen form factor. (c) Fluorescence microscopy images of BTA and BTE assemblies from 10 μM aqueous solutions diluted to 0.5 μM for imaging. (d,e) Detail of BTA core stacking taken from the MD simulation of the 48BTAstack system. BTA cores are colored in black, H-bonding in green, and the fiber is represented as transparent surface. (e) Detail of BTA core stacking taken from the MD simulation of the 48BTEstack system. BTE cores are colored in blue. Red dotted lines are provided to guide the eye. (f,g) Radial distribution functions g(r) of the BTA (f: black) and BTE (g: blue) cores along the fibers calculated from the equilibrated phase MD trajectories (the last 100 ns of each MD run). Intercore spacing c equals 3.4 Å. The g(r) peaks indicative of stacking between neighbor BTA cores, g(c), are identified by red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-self-assembly-energies-a-b-starting-extended-and-2i4pyp37.png Figure 2. Self-assembly energies. (a,b) Starting (extended) and equilibrated structures taken from the MD simulation of 2BTAstack system. During the run, the initial core stacking (a) disappears and a single H-bond (b) appears only intermittently between the BTAs. (c) Starting and final MD structure of 2BTArand system. (d) Per-BTA ΔH* (blue) and −TΔS data (red) for ordered (BTAstack: solid lines) and disordered BTA assemblies (BTArand: dotted lines) as a function of assembly size. (e) Per-BTA self-assembly free-energies (ΔG) for ordered (BTAstack: solid line) and disordered BTA assemblies (BTArand: dotted line) as a function of assembly size. (f) Per-BTA ΔΔG values. Negative ΔΔG values indicate that formation of ordered BTA aggregates (stacks) is energetically favored over disordered (random) ones. (g) Scheme illustrating the mechanism of formation of ordered BTA supramolecular polymers in water deduced from the MD data. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-genotype-and-growth-stage-on-distribution-of-3pkzgwftzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-levels-of-mel-iloric-acid-in-tissues-from-4-3g4v6z8x.png Figure I-Levels of mel iloric acid in tissues from 4 genotype, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-levels-of-melilotic-acid-o-coumaric-acid-and-cup86b3f.png Table 2-Levels of melilotic acid, o-coumaric acid, and coumarinic acid in seed representing ., phenotypes of sweetclover. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contents-of-melilotic-acid-o-coumaric-acid-and-19rfaavi.png Table 3-Contents of melilotic acid, o-coumaric acid, and coumarinic acid in leaves, stems and roots of greenhouse-grown sweetclover plants of genotype CuCuBB. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-high-and-low-molecular-weight-low-substituted-22vyh2dmge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmacokinetic-parameters-3prgz83h.png Table 2. Pharmacokinetic Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-progressive-acute-normovolemic-hemodilution-gs85cm5l.png Fig. 3. Effect of progressive acute normovolemic hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 650/0.42 (n 12) and HES 130/0.42 (n 12) on hemoglobin (hemoglobin) concentration (A) as well as mean blood (B) and plasma (C) viscosities at shear rates from 300 to 900 s 1 during progressive acute normovolemic hemodilution. Hemoglobin concentration and mean blood and plasma viscosities were determined before (baseline [BL]) and immediately after each step of acute normovolemic hemodilution (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ml kg 1 body weight 1). Results are mean SD. Solution effect (Psol) and dilution effect (Pdil) of HES 650/0.42 versus HES 130/0.42 as well as interaction between treatment and dilution (Psol dil) as determined by two-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements on one way (dilution). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-progressive-acute-normovolemic-hemodilution-1oh10edx.png Fig. 4. Effect of progressive acute normovolemic hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 650/0.42 (n 12) and HES 130/0.42 (n 12) on plasma HES concentration in g/l (A) and as well as molecular weight (B). Plasma HES concentration and molecular weight were determined before (baseline [BL]) and immediately after each step of acute normovolemic hemodilution (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ml kg 1 body weight 1). Results are mean SD. Solution effect (Psol) and dilution effect (Pdil) of HES 650/0.42 versus HES 130/0.42 as well as interaction between treatment and dilution (Psol dil) as determined by two-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements on one way (dilution). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pharmacokinetic-modeling-the-quality-of-fit-between-dk5ncceb.png Fig. 5. Pharmacokinetic modeling. The quality of fit between observed hydroxyethyl starch (HES) plasma concentration data (HES conc observed) and predicted data (HES conc predicted) was analyzed by linear regression analysis (HES conc predicted https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pharmacodynamic-parameters-1vk34xcu.png Table 3. Pharmacodynamic Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relation-of-the-observed-hydroxyethyl-starch-hes-xgvgv24w.png Fig. 6. Relation of the observed hydroxyethyl starch (HES) plasma concentration values to the observed effects as during acute normovolemic hemodilution with HES 650/0.42 (n 12) and HES 130/0.42 (n 12), respectively (A–C). Relation of the measured HES molecular weight to the observed effects during acute normovolemic hemodilution with HES 650/0.42 (n 12) and HES 130/0.42 (n 12), respectively (D–F). * P < 0.05 for the slope of HES 650/0.42 versus HES 130/0.42. ns not significant (P > 0.05) for the slope of HES 650/0.42 versus HES 130/ 0.42. aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time; CI coagulation index; Hb hemoglobin concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-progressive-acute-normovolemic-hemodilution-2nf5lilq.png Fig. 1. Effect of progressive acute normovolemic hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 650/0.42 (n 12) and HES 130/0.42 (n 12) on plasma coagulation parameters (prothrombin time [PT; A], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT; B], functional activity of factor VIII [FVIII; C], and functional activity of von Willebrand factor [vWF; D]). PT, aPTT, FVIII activity, and vWF activity were determined before (baseline [BL]) and immediately after each step of acute normovolemic hemodilution (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ml kg 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-of-coagulation-parameters-during-acute-3iqh3bdw.png Table 1. Changes of Coagulation Parameters during Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (50 ml/kg) https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-hydrogen-addition-on-the-oh-and-ch-3d2cr1gcgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-conditions-of-the-combustion-experiments-37qie05t.png Table 1. Initial conditions of the combustion experiments with hydrogen/methane blends https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-of-unburned-mixture-versus-chamber-38ysow7u.png Figure 4. Temperature of unburned mixture versus chamber pressure for the experiments with hydrogen/methane mixtures. Colour lines identify individual experiments with the initial conditions of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-flame-temperature-time-vs-the-maximum-ch-ad4v4b8i.png Figure 11. Flame temperature time vs. the maximum CH* chemiluminescence emission time for combustions of hydrogen and methane blends in different proportions, for a fuel/air equivalence ratio of 0.8 (all experimental conditions) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-time-evolutions-of-pressure-oh-and-ch-o37arr1e.png Figure 3. Example of time evolutions of pressure, OH* and CH* chemiluminescence emissions obtained from a combustion of 50% natural gas and 50% hydrogen blend, at initial conditions 0.45 MPa, 458 K and 0.8 equivalence ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pressure-evolution-during-the-combustion-of-304rmtu9.png Figure 5. Pressure evolution during the combustion of hydrogen/methane blends at the initial conditions of Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-original-and-smoothed-curves-of-oh-1hnguy9l.png Figure 2. Original and smoothed curves of OH* chemiluminescence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-maximum-intensity-of-ch-chemiluminescence-emission-1zf00xnl.png Fig 9. Maximum intensity of CH* chemiluminescence emission versus the percentage of hydrogen in the fuel mixture in combustions of hydrogen/methane blends with the initial conditions presented in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-burning-velocity-versus-the-unburned-temperature-2xljlp1z.png Fig 6. Burning velocity versus the unburned temperature during combustion of hydrogen/methane blends at the initial conditions of Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-ladder-diagrams-on-optical-absorption-spectra-in-a-4m18qxngt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-macroscopic-dielectric-2j2sqrol.png FIG. 8. Real and imaginary parts of the macroscopic dielectric function for bulk Ge calculated using QSGW+BSE (continuous line) is compared with the experimental results (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-imaginary-part-of-the-macroscopic-dielectric-function-cajyyr4l.png FIG. 9. Imaginary part of the macroscopic dielectric function for NiO. The experimental data (blue dots)85 is presented along with spectra calulated at the level of QSGW+BSE (red line) and QSGW+RPA (green line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-in-the-calculations-lattice-constant-2o1aayhw.png TABLE I. Parameters used in the calculations: lattice constant a (and interlayer distance c for hexagonal-BN); energy cut-off for the plane wave basis set GMAX; the k-points along each direction Nk (only one number is given for isotropic systems); the number of valence Nv and conduction Nc states used in the BSE; and the broadening η used. Lorentzian broadening was used in all cases, except for in NiO, where Gaussian broadening was applied. Where two values are given, they refer respectively to the broadening at the spectrum onset and at the end of the considered energy range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-imaginary-part-of-the-macroscopic-dielectric-function-30qsco0a.png FIG. 6. Imaginary part of the macroscopic dielectric function for bulk hexagonal BN. The light is polarized parallel to the layers. Theoretical results at the QSGW+RPA (green line) and QSGW+BSE (red line) level are compared with the experimental data71(blue squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lda-dots-and-qsgw-with-dashed-line-and-without-3jdaz5ub.png FIG. 7. LDA (dots) and QSGW, with (dashed line) and without (continuous line) spin-orbit coupling, band structures of bulk Germanium along the L-Γ-X directions in the Brillouin zone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-electronic-part-of-the-static-dielectric-constant-scgjz0q8.png TABLE II. Electronic part of the static dielectric constant, ∞, for LiF. Values at different levels of theory are compared with the experimental result.58 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-imaginary-part-of-the-macroscopic-dielectric-function-eu1k3zyk.png FIG. 4. Imaginary part of the macroscopic dielectric function for bulk Si. Theoretical results from G0W0+BSE (red line), QSGW+RPA (green line), and QSGW+BSE (purple line) are compared with the experimental data62 (blue squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-qsgw-band-structure-for-h-bn-along-the-k-gm-1a8futhc.png FIG. 5. QSGW Band structure for h-BN along the K ΓM highsymmetry direction. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-local-materials-on-the-silver-sorption-and-nnjyeo9izf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-hydrodynamic-diameter-at-2xv9km10.png Figure 2. Evolution of the hydrodynamic diameter at increasing ionic strenght of 525   monovalent (KNO3; squares) and divalent (Ca(NO3)2; triangles) electrolytes solutions 526 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-silver-nanoparticle-sorption-isotherms-for-ceramics-34y5fb9c.png Figure 3. Silver nanoparticle sorption isotherms for ceramics (A) USA, (B) Guatemala, (C) 530   Ghana, (D) Peru and (E) Nicaragua at the water chemistry conditions (a) KNO3, and (b) 531   Ca(NO3)2 532      533 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-summary-of-flexural-strength-test-results-for-three-2mbcqoy3.png Figure 7. Summary of flexural strength test results for three CWF sources. The error bars 555   shown represent the minimum and maximum measured strength. (A) USA, (B) Guatemala, 556   and (E) Nicaragua. 557    558      559 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-typical-flexural-test-results-from-three-cwf-2f1st26r.png Figure 6. Typical flexural test results from three CWF sources under the same loading 549   orientation (+R direction). (A) USA, (B) Guatemala, and (E) Nicaragua 550    551      552 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-percentage-of-silver-nanoparticle-desorption-and-yy0lmnzz.png Figure 5. (a) Percentage of silver nanoparticle desorption and (b) percentage of ionic silver 541   desorption at different water chemistry conditions for ceramics from (A) USA, (B) 542   Guatemala, (C) Ghana, (D) Peru and (E) Nicaragua 543 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-table-of-bulk-powder-xrd-and-xrf-results-all-1dea9jp3.png Table 1. Summary table of bulk powder XRD and XRF results. All samples were analyzed under 600   identical conditions. 601 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-silver-ions-sorption-isotherms-for-ceramics-a-usa-b-3knlsaaa.png Figure 4. Silver ions sorption isotherms for ceramics (A) USA, (B) Guatemala, (C) Ghana, 536   (D) Peru and (E) Nicaragua at the water chemistry conditions (a) KNO3, and (b) Ca(NO3)2 537      538 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-orientation-of-beam-specimens-that-were-cut-from-158imm1p.png Figure 1. Orientation of beam specimens that were cut from the sides of the CWFs. 518   519    520   521 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-lithium-doping-on-the-evolution-of-rheological-and-4wbjpt5jhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complex-viscosity-g-specific-viscosity-gsp-and-storage-2i35t4gp.png Fig. 3 Complex viscosity (g*), specific viscosity (gsp) and storage (G9) and loss (G0) moduli plotted in the coordinates of fractal (a) and nearly linear (b) growth models, and percolation scaling (c) coordinates. Continuous lines show the least square linear fits of experimental data corresponding to PPO130 and PPO4000 hybrids prepared with [O]/[Li] = 4 and 80. For clarity, only the data corresponding to PPO4000 hybrids are presented in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-29si-nmr-spectra-of-dried-ppo130-and-ppo4000-hybrids-vdej5uhs.png Fig. 4 29Si NMR spectra of dried PPO130 and PPO4000 hybrids prepared with [O]/[Li] = 4 and 80. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gel-time-aggregate-growth-rate-r-fractal-27323umj.png Table 1 Gel time, aggregate growth rate (r), fractal dimensionality (D), T3/T2 ratio, condensation degree and critical exponent values (m and k) obtained for PPO130 and PPO4000 hybrids with different doping levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-evolution-of-effective-diameter-over-the-initial-25p7gykk.png Fig. 2 Time evolution of effective diameter over the initial effective diameter (d/d0) obtained by QELS measurements. Continuous lines show the least square fitting of eqn (1) for data corresponding to PPO130 and PPO4000 hybrids prepared with [O]/[Li] = 4 and 80. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-nano-structural-properties-of-biomimetic-112v3ht0p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roughness-youngs-modulus-specific-surface-area-ssa-1gw1ttl9.png Table 2. Roughness, Young’s modulus, specific surface area (SSA) and porosity of the biomimetic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite substrates used in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-non-uniform-reactor-cooling-on-fracture-and-k0psngno1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6c-comparison-of-t-stress-by-considering-non-uniform-1fs6otj9.png Fig. 6c Comparison of T-stress by considering non-uniform cooling, MBLOCA. Fig. 6d Comparison of T-stress by considering non-uniform cooling, SBLOCA. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-nitrogen-seeding-on-the-energy-losses-and-on-the-2atw2ebkkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-evolution-at-the-pedestal-top-in-a-0-1s-time-2qnd4eim.png Figure 2. Time evolution at the pedestal top in a 0.1s time window of electron temperature (first row), electron density (second row), high frequency MHD activity (third row) and Dα signal (fourth row) for a high-δ JET-C shot (first column), a high-δ JET-ILW without N2 seeding (second column) and a high-δ JET-ILW with N2 seeding (third column). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-electron-temperature-drop-at-the-pedestal-during-1cz9jrz2.png Figure 7. Electron temperature drop at the pedestal during ELMs versus the pedestal temperature for high and low triangularity plasmas, frames (a) and (b) respectively. Electron density drop at the pedestal versus the pedestal density for high and low triangularity plasmas, frames (c) and (d) respectively. The dashed lines show constant ratios between the pedestal drop and the pedestal value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-profiles-in-the-pre-elm-phase-and-after-the-slow-133z3y4v.png Figure 10. Profiles in the pre-ELM phase and after the slow transport event for the nonseeded JET-ILW plasma 82540. Pre-ELMs profiles, red data in frames (a) and (c), are calculated in time window from -5ms to -1ms before the ELMs. Post-ELMs profiles, blue data in frames (b) and (d), have been calculated in an approximately 0.5ms long time window centered at the minimum of the signal after the beginning of the slow transport event. The profiles of the temperature and density collapses are shown in frame (b) and (d) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-time-to-reach-the-minimum-22bpyycd.png Figure 3. Distribution of the time to reach the minimum pedestal Te after the beginning of the collapse. The y-axis shows the number of collapses with a specific τmin. All the collapses (≈250) during a stationary phase in the high-δ JET-ILW shots with no N2 seeding of the present data set are considered. The data with τmin< 4ms correspond to the collapses due to the ELMs only and are used to identify the time scale of the ELM collapse τELM. The data with τmin>4ms correspond to the collapses due to ELMs followed by slow transport events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ratio-between-the-number-of-slow-transport-events-pxyy9vxq.png Figure 9. Ratio between the number of slow transport events and the total number of ELMs (including both standard ELMs and those followed by the slow transport event) versus the pedestal energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-triangularity-current-magnetic-field-input-power-d2-2sbu60cu.png Table 1. Triangularity, current, magnetic field, input power, D2 gas rate, ELM frequency, pedestal density relative to the Greenwald density and ELM type of the shots analysed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-temperature-elm-time-scale-versus-pedestal-7u0wzskp.png Figure 13. Temperature ELM time scale versus pedestal collisionality for the high-δ plasma (a) and the low-δ plasmas (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-electron-elm-energy-losses-versus-pedestal-stored-3vv95kle.png Figure 8. Electron ELM energy losses versus pedestal stored energy for the total losses (a), the convective losses (b) and the conductive losses (c). The dashed lines highlight constant ratios of the ELM losses versus the pedestal stored energy. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-nitrate-and-sulfate-on-atmospheric-corrosion-of-37r27vrwn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-304l-plate-with-3-3-mm-diameter-droplets-of-mgcl2-12wl004f.png Figure 5. 304L plate with 3.3 mm diameter droplets of MgCl2 + Mg(NO3)2 after 7 day exposure at 31◦C, humidity of 36% RH, before DI rinse. (a) macrograph of the whole sample. (b-g) optical micrographs of droplets shown in (a) after DI rinse; (d,g) after further ultrasonic wash. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-between-number-of-corroded-2-ml-2-3-mm-vtt90t4x.png Table IV. Comparison between number of corroded 2 μL (2.3 mm diameter) MgCl2 and CaCl2 control droplets (as number and percentage) for 316L samples, exposed to humidities of 46% RH, 58% RH and 76% RH at 31◦C. A 2μL droplet of DI water was predeposited in the same location and allowed to dry before deposition of the salt solution. All tests had the same CDD of 1200 μg/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-between-number-of-corroded-3-3-mm-28smb3h4.png Table III. Comparison between number of corroded 3.3 mm diameter MgCl2 control droplets (as number and percentage) for 304L and 316L samples, exposed to humidities of 36% RH, 46/47% RH and 58% RH at 31◦C. Results for all CDDs tested (8.5–850 μg/cm2) are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-316l-with-2-ml-droplets-2-3-mm-diameter-with-2q481frn.png Figure 16. 316L with 2 μL droplets (2.3 mm diameter) with mixtures of CaCl2 and CaSO4. The CDD was 1200 μg/cm2 for each droplet, while the sulfate deposition density (SDD) was as shown (pre-deposited as CaSO4). 7 day exposure at 31◦C, 46% RH. Image taken after exposure, before DI wash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-calculated-anion-concentrations-with-respect-to-v7x8fqtn.png Figure 17. Calculated anion concentrations with respect to equilibrium RH, for solutions containing (a) MgCl2 and Mg(NO3)2, including pure solutions; and (b) MgCl2 and MgSO4, including pure solutions.18 Solution compositions are indicated on the relevant graphs. Note that the plots for solutions with a 1:1 anion composition overlay each other. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-304l-samples-with-fixed-cdd-of-at-1230-mg-cm2-and-310052b3.png Figure 15. 304L samples with fixed CDD of at 1230 μg/cm2 and linearly increasing sulfate deposition density (SDD) in steps of 670 μg/cm2. 3.0 mm diameter droplets, exposed for 7 days at 31◦C and humidity as shown. Plot shows number of corroded droplets (out of four repeats) for each SDD:CDD ratio and humidity. At an SDD:CDD ratio of 0.54 on the 35% RH test, two droplets were discounted due to a deposition error, and the pitting fraction is thus out of two (indicated by an asterisk ∗). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-saturation-conditions-for-a-mgcl2-mg-no3-2-mixed-k7q5165b.png Figure 19. Saturation conditions for a MgCl2 +Mg(NO3)2 mixed salt system. Calculated at 30◦C using OLI Analyser 9.2, MSE database. Corrosion and inhibition data on both 304L and 316L alloys has been overlaid (data from Figure 9). Solution water activity is equivalent to equilibrium relative humidity, i.e. water activity x 100 = RH%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-saturation-conditions-for-a-mgcl2-mgso4-mixed-salt-3c7sobk7.png Figure 20. Saturation conditions for a MgCl2 + MgSO4 mixed salt system. Calculated at 30◦C using OLI Analyser 9.2, MSE database. Corrosion and inhibition data for 316L (logarithmic tests, squares) and 304L (linear tests, circles) have been overlaid. Solution water activity is equivalent to equilibrium relative humidity, i.e. water activity x 100 = RH%. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-particle-size-on-droplet-infiltration-into-au7nkzhz18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representations-of-bead-packing-of-a-surf-23jdrati.png Figure 1. Schematic representations of bead packing of a surf ce layer on top of a layer of close packed beads (side view (a) and top view (b)), equations relating the relevant lengths and configuration of bead beds investigated by MED tests (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-advancing-contact-angle-measured-on-ctms-modified-18gu2k36.png Figure 2. Advancing contact angle (measured on CTMS modified glass slides) and surface tensions of ethanol solutions in water used for MED tests (Literature values shown are taken from reference 12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ethanol-concentration-and-advancing-contact-angles-3u2s3gwj.png Figure 4. Ethanol concentration and advancing contact angles for penetration into three-layer bead packs of varying r/R as determined by MED tests. Solid circles show where bead lifting was observed and open circles where it was not observed. The dashed line shows the theoretical curve and the solid line the fit to the experimental points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ethanol-concentration-and-advancing-contact-angles-12h6f3e1.png Figure 3. Ethanol concentration and advancing contact angles for penetration as determined by MED tests, of various 3 layer bead packs and loose packed beds with r/R=1. Solid circles show where bead lifting was observed and open circles where it was not observed. Solid diamond symbols show data from thick random loose-packed beds. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-oxides-and-nitrates-of-lead-on-the-sintering-and-12maezq6bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-shr-inkage-ra-te-of-shr-inkage-min-and-j4t2w9ii.png Figure 5. Plots of shr inkage (%), ra te of shr inkage (%/min), and mass loss (%) for HAP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-environmenta-l-scanning-elect-ron-micrographs-for-11nism3g.png Figure 6. Environmenta l scanning elect ron micrographs for HAP sin tered a t differen t tempera tures for 2 h . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-environmenta-l-scanning-elect-ron-micrographs-for-2yhb2oap.png Figure 15. Environmenta l scanning elect ron micrographs for HAP with 10% PbO2 and Pb(NO3)2 sin tered a t differen t tempera tures for 2 h . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-var-ia-t-ion-of-shr-inkage-and-bulk-density-of-hap-ocj5ik5j.png Figure 8. Var ia t ion of shr inkage (%) and bulk density of HAP and it s mixture with 2% PbO2 and Pb(NO3)2 as a funct ion of sin ter ing tempera ture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-var-ia-t-ion-of-bulk-density-kg-m3-dur-ing-9d04v693.png Figure 7. Var ia t ion of bulk density (kg/m3) dur ing densifica t ion process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-evolu-t-ion-of-bulk-density-of-hap-hap-with-2-and-34adwiw9.png Figure 14. Evolu t ion of bulk density of HAP, HAP with 2% and 10% of PbO2, and Pb(NO3)2 as a funct ion of tempera ture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-effect-of-concent-ra-t-ion-of-pb-no3-2-on-the-2iyovqy7.png Figure 13. Effect of concent ra t ion of Pb(NO3)2 on the densifica t ion and mass loss of HAP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-var-ia-t-ion-of-the-ra-te-of-shr-inkage-min-for-32pivgrq.png Figure 10. Var ia t ion of the ra te of shr inkage (%/min) for HAP and it s mixture with 2% PbO2 and Pb(NO3)2 as a funct ion of sin ter ing tempera ture. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-pentobarbital-anesthesia-on-ventricular-3xmgv9di4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-values-of-threshold-peak-current-for-2uz0t534.png Fig. 2. Relative values of threshold peak current for ventricular defibrillation at four levels of anesthesia. Awake = no anesthesia, surgical anesthesia = spontaneous respiration but no response to surgical stimulation (25 to 30 mg./Kg. pentobarbital), https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-defibrillation-threshold-at-4-levels-of-3ub9h4l7.png Table I. Mean defibrillation threshold* at 4 levels of anesthesia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stability-of-ventricular-defibrillation-threshold-191psmd8.png Fig. 3. Stability of ventricular defibrillation threshold during pentobarbital anesthesia in dogs. Mean threshold current = 1.0 for each animal. Arrows indicate threshold values obtained during acute respiratory failure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-threshold-peak-current-for-ventricular-defibrillation-2pqgby1f.png Fig. 1. Threshold peak current for ventricular defibrillation in unanesthetized and anesthetized states on successive trials in the same animal. On three successive trials the threshold current in the unanesthetized animal was greater than, equal to, and less than the threshold current after induction of pentobarbital anesthesia. Mean threshold before anesthesia = 1.02 A/Kg; mean threshold after anesthesia = 1.08 A/Kg. Threshold data for the unanesthetized dog were reproducible within ± 10 per cent limits. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-planetary-ball-milling-on-multi-scale-structures-22jx2fimdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pasting-profiles-of-g80-a-and-waxy-b-cornstarches-2kk3jwwy.png Fig. 5 Pasting profiles of G80 (a) and waxy (b) cornstarches treated by planetary ball-milling for different times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pasting-characteristics-of-waxy-cornstarch-treated-1ybptn37.png Table 3 Pasting characteristics of waxy cornstarch treated by planetary ball-milling for different times https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-granule-volume-size-distributions-of-waxy-and-g80-3cu7b9nl.png Table 1 Granule volume size distributions of waxy and G80 cornstarches treated by planetary ball-milling for different times A) . https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-pre-partum-feed-supplementation-on-post-partum-1asz19lx93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-lsmeans-sem-of-pre-partum-level-of-feeding-on-pw7pzulg.png Table 1 Effect (lsmeans±sem) of pre-partum level of feeding on BCS and calf weight https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-body-condition-score-at-calving-lsmeans-3qgkl5mz.png Table 2 Effect of body condition score at calving (lsmeans±sem) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-desposition-of-the-six-experimental-treatments-a8q68u8v.png Fig. 1 Desposition of the six experimental treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-lsmeans-sem-of-postpartum-supplementation-on-1uco7aq2.png Table 4 Effect (lsmeans±sem) of postpartum supplementation on BCS and calf weight and post-partum ovarian activity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-lsmeans-sem-of-breed-on-cow-and-calf-gpkcpo0y.png Table 3 Effect (lsmeans±sem) of breed on cow and calf production and reproductive performance https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-processing-options-on-ultra-low-loss-lead-50l1nmuqco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tilted-sem-image-45deg-of-pmnt-samples-of-different-1cj11uc5.png Fig. 4. Tilted SEM image (45°) of PMNT samples of different thickness prepared with no nucleation seeds after annealing at 400, 600 and 750 °C. Image of the sample annealed at 750 °C is reproduced from [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-er-and-loss-tangent-of-pmnt-samples-annealed-at-400-1ssggi49.png Fig. 5. εr and loss tangent of PMNT samples annealed at 400, 450, 600 and 750 °C. Measurements have been taken on the centre areas and on the edge regions of the samples for the ones annealed at 400 and 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-sol-gel-synthesis-process-20etca48.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of the sol–gel synthesis process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xrd-patterns-of-pmnt-samples-of-different-thickness-2ndvjzui.png Fig. 3. XRD patterns of PMNT samples of different thickness preparedwith no nucleation seed after annealing at 400, 600 and 750 °C (For peak assignment, S=substrate, 1=pyrochlore, 2=perovskite). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-and-top-view-of-the-fabricated-capacitor-2wteavtn.png Fig. 2. Cross-section and top view of the fabricated capacitor test structures. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-pressure-on-piloted-ignition-delay-of-pmma-t70kmeps79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-schematic-of-the-fist-tunnel-5a538qg2.png Figure 1. Simplified schematic of the FIST tunnel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-the-fist-tunnel-in-the-containment-bmr44acw.png Figure 2. Photograph of the FIST tunnel in the containment chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-temperature-relative-to-the-initial-1thn4tla.png Figure 5. Surface temperature relative to the initial temperature (Ti,ave ~ 30°C) as a function of time for a heat flux of 14 kw/m2 and an oxidizer flow velocity of (a) 100 cm/s and (b) 40 cm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ignition-delay-time-as-a-function-of-externally-3ux2on8u.png Figure 4. Ignition delay time as a function of externally applied heat flux for an oxidizer flow velocity of (a) 40 cm/s, (b) 70 cm/s, and (c) 100 cm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ignition-delay-time-as-a-function-of-externally-351elbqm.png Figure 3. Ignition delay time as a function of externally applied heat flux for several oxidizer flow velocities under 58.6 kPa and 21% O2 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-radiation-exposure-on-the-retention-of-commercial-2gj7m9bbot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-used-in-tid-tests-3ox1to8g.png TABLE 1. SAMPLES USED IN TID TESTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-error-data-for-micron-8g-parts-irradiated-to-50-7g4x4xd3.png TABLE 4. ERROR DATA FOR MICRON 8G PARTS IRRADIATED TO 50 KRADS (SIO2), WITH CALCULATIONS OF MEAN, VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-for-micron-16g-parts-baked-at-100degc-with-25dk2gj6.png TABLE 3. DATA FOR MICRON 16G PARTS BAKED AT 100°C,WITH CALCULATIONS OF MEAN, VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-students-t-test-t-is-determined-from-the-equation-in-3nk7xflk.png Fig. 9. Student’s t-test: t is determined from the equation in the Figure, along with t-values for the three tests summarized in Tables 2-4, and critical tvalues for selected confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-error-count-for-retention-failures-in-samsung-8g-nand-36hwxjrm.png Fig 1. Error count for retention failures in Samsung 8G NAND flash, after baking at 100°C for more than 1000 hours. DUTs 2-6 wereirradiated to 200 krads (SiO2); DUTs 7, 8, 9, 12, and 18 were unirradiated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-errors-from-retention-failures-for-micron-16g-parts-2nnltalt.png Fig. 2. Errors from retention failures for Micron 16G parts, baked at 100°C. DUTs 11-15 were irradiated to 50 krads (SiO2); DUTs 16-20 are unirradiated controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-error-count-for-retention-failures-in-samsung-8g-nand-s00pdnn3.png Fig 1. Error count for retention failures in Samsung 8G NAND flash, after baking at 100°C for more than 1000 hours. DUTs 2-6 wereirradiated to 200 krads (SiO2); DUTs 7, 8, 9, 12, and 18 were unirradiated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-for-samsung-parts-baked-at-100degc-with-1x4qk6z4.png TABLE 2. DATA FOR SAMSUNG PARTS BAKED AT 100°C, WITH CALCULATIONS OF MEAN, VARIANCE (Σ2), AND STANDARD DEVIATION (Σ). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-relative-humidity-and-storage-time-on-the-4p5jo32rs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-coeficients-among-all-studied-15ss9bdb.png Table 3. Pearson correlation coeficients among all studied components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-gordon-taylor-model-eq-3-fitted-to-2a4vzska.png Table 2. Parameters of the Gordon & Taylor model (Eq. 3) fitted to experimental data (R2: 1 determination coefficient). Critical water content (CWC, g water/g product) and critical 2 water activity (CWA) of grapefruit powder related to glass transition considering onset, 3 midpoint and endpoint Tg values. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-fresh-grapefruit-fg-and-freeze-2ntnvk3y.png Table 1. Characterization of fresh grapefruit (FG) and freeze-dried grapefruit powder (PG). Values of each compound expresed in mg/100g FG. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-relative-weight-group-change-on-nuclear-magnetic-uf1skhigih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-95-ci-in-small-ldl-p-hdl-size-and-lp-ir-in-um1y1e25.png Figure 1. Changes (95% CI) in small LDL-P, HDL size, and LP-IR in boys and girls as a function of BMI Category Shifts from 6th Grade to 8th Grade * * Girls are denoted by circles in figures and boys by squares. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-saffron-crocus-sativus-l-enrichment-on-antioxidant-4k0m1keayc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-moisture-3ncly4fe.png Table 2. Mean values and standard deviations of moisture content (xw) and water activity (aw) of 680 pasta samples as well as their colorimetric coordinates (L*, a*, b*, Yellow Index and a*/b* ratio) 681 by CIELAB method. 682 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-saffron-concentration-cooking-medium-and-acronyms-of-10pl7sfh.png Table 1. Saffron concentration, cooking medium and acronyms of samples. 663 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-texture-3389alo9.png Table 3. Mean values and standard deviations of texture parameters obtained by the TPA 706 analysis for pasta samples. 707 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concentration-of-the-principal-crocetin-isomers-1gi4qrpj.png Table 4. Concentration of the principal crocetin isomers identify by HPLC expressed as mg /g 727 dry matter. The first number indicates the saffron concentration in pasta dough (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 728 %). NF refers to saffron addition without filtration and F with filtration of the dispersion. 729 Numbers after NF/F indicate the cooking time in minutes (0 1.5 or 3). Superscript letters (a-j) 730 indicate de homogeneous groups obtained by the analysis of variance (ANOVA p-value < 0.05) 731 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-shaft-diameter-of-pile-on-lateral-winkler-springs-47mpcyrpx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-variations-of-the-diameter-scaling-factor-1dzd4f0m.png Figure 3 shows variations of the diameter scaling factor with the diameter ratio. It can be seen that the values of “SD” show insignificant variability with the modulus ratio “Ep/G”. Therefore curve fitting could be applied using average values. A simple expression can be proposed for “SD”, with acceptable accuracy, for “D/DRef>0.4” as: )/1(5.0 Re fD DDS (9) To obtain the flexural rigidity scaling factor, a similar procedure is followed with the second set of FE analyses results, dividing the calculated spring stiffness by those for the reference diameter (i.e., “DRef=1m”) will result in the product “SDSI”. Dividing this product further by the “SD” factors, which were determined in the previous step, results in the flexural rigidity scaling factor “SI”. Data analysis indicates that the flexural rigidity scaling factor can be expressed as: https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-shell-permutation-on-electromagnetic-properties-of-1ik3egjwmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xrd-h-2h-pattern-and-m-h-loop-the-inset-of-a-typical-26g1rwlb.png FIG. 1. (a) XRD h–2h pattern and M–H loop (the inset) of a typical ZPS product. (b) TEM image and (c) SAED pattern of ZPS product. (d) HRTEM image of the interfaces of ZPS product. (e) HRTEM image of the interfaces of a typical ZSP product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-contour-plots-of-the-dependence-of-f-and-d-on-rl-1kzyrw1v.png FIG. 4. 2D-contour plots of the dependence of f and d on RL for paraffin-bonded (a) ZnFe2O4, (b) ZPS, and (c) ZSP samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-f-dependence-of-a-l-0-r-and-b-l-00-r-of-lr-of-paraffin-37vyfm0a.png FIG. 3. f dependence of (a) l 0 r and (b) l 00 r of lr of paraffin-bonded ZnFe2O4, ZPS, and ZSP samples. (c) f dependence of l 00 r (l 0 r) -2f-1 for the samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-f-dependence-of-a-e-0-r-and-b-e-00-r-of-er-of-paraffin-3c05hkbn.png FIG. 2. f dependence of (a) e 0 r and (b) e 00 r of er of paraffin-bonded ZnFe2O4, ZPS, and ZSP samples. Cole-Cole plots and fitting semicircles for (c) ZnFe2O4, (d) ZPS, and (e) ZSP samples. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-temperature-water-content-and-free-fatty-acid-on-30zfqzs2ai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cryo-tem-images-a-and-saxs-patterns-b-of-the-1-wt-277wyqto.png Fig. 5. Cryo-TEM images (A) and SAXS patterns (B) of the 1 wt.-% lecithin in rapeseed oil containing 0.03 wt.-% water at RT (Inset figure: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of cylindrically packed structure). The scale bar of the image is 50 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-critical-micelle-concentration-cmc-of-lecithin-as-a-24okc5pk.png Fig. 2. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of lecithin as a function of oleic acid concentration in rapeseed oil at 70 °C as determined using TCNQ technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tcnq-absorbance-plotted-as-a-function-of-h2o-to-2u5z7ano.png Fig. 4. TCNQ absorbance plotted as a function of H2O-to-lecithin weight ratio (lower x-axis) and H2O-to-oil weight ratio (upper x-axis), in rapeseed oil, with 1 wt.-% lecithin at RT (A). X refers to the water saturation point. Photographs of the corresponding samples after TCNQ addition at (B) RT and (C) 70o C. The numbers on top of the samples representing the H2O-to-oil weight ratio in wt.-%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tcnq-absorbance-as-a-function-of-h2o-to-lecithin-3sq8vu6q.png Fig. 7. TCNQ absorbance as a function of H2O-to-lecithin weight ratio (wt.-%) in rapeseed oil containing (A) 1 wt.-% of lecithin at RT and (C) 0.2 wt.-% of lecithin at 70 °C. UV absorbance values >1 are shown for qualitative comparison as dashed lines. B is a zoom in of the system at RT. 0, 5, 10, and 20 represent the concentration of oleic acid (in wt.-%), while X refers to the water saturation point for the system without added oleic acid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-saxs-patterns-of-a-the-precipitated-phase-and-b-the-1yrq1j9h.png Fig. 6. SAXS patterns of (A) the precipitated phase and (B) the soluble phase of 1 wt.-% lecithin in rapeseed oil at RT at H2O-to-oil weight ratio of0.21 wt.-%. Inset figures: cryo-TEM and FFT of (A) the precipitated and (B) the soluble or continuous phase. The Bragg peaks demonstrated lamellar phase with reflections corresponding to (001) and (002) planes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-molecular-dynamics-simulations-results-of-a-oleic-acid-1kvmppfc.png Fig. 3 Molecular dynamics simulations results of (A) oleic acid hydrogen bonding with the different components of the model system, (B) oleic acid and water hydrogen bonding to the lipid phosphate and the ester groups, and (C) water interactions with the oleic acid, triglyceride, DOPC and itself measured by hydrogen bonding all as a function of oleic acid mass fraction in the system. Water-to-lipid molar ratio is 4 in the system. (D) The snapshot visualizes a typical oleic acid binding configuration (shell build-up). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tcnq-absorbance-as-a-function-of-lecithin-37flxfq5.png Fig. 1. TCNQ absorbance as a function of lecithin concentration in rapeseed oil at room temperature (RT) and 70 ºC. Solid lines represent the best fit to the data, while dotted lines indicate the CMC of lecithin at respective temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-the-generation-mix-on-wind-power-introduction-4gg298n6xg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-operational-cost-savings-of-wind-power-introduction-pkvg8lwt.png Figure 6: Operational cost savings of wind power introduction for varying amounts of installed wind power and four different wind speed profiles. Left figure shows a forecast error with a 1 m/s standard deviation; right figure has a 3 m/s standard deviation. For demand profile of Day 1 and a fraction of 100% PHES for peak shaving. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-ghg-emissions-of-the-heat-pump-scenario-the-35lyl4q3.png Figure 7: The GHG emissions of the heat pump scenario (the left bar of each pair) and the scenario with additional heating by gas- or oil-fired boilers, where the produced wind energy is injected in the system (the right bar of each pair). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demand-profiles-of-4-different-days-based-on-actual-1vj5xaom.png Figure 2: Demand profiles of 4 different days based on actual 2006 demand data of Elia (Elia, 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-changing-the-fraction-of-phes-for-3dt8459y.png Figure 3: The impact of changing the fraction of PHES for peak shaving on operational cost and LOLE. The case represents demand profile Day 1, wind profile Windday C with an installed capacity of 2000 MW wind power, for a standard deviation of 2 m/s on the wind speed forecast error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-feasible-and-infeasible-solution-regions-are-2tomfmsc.png Figure 4: The feasible and infeasible solution regions are marked, according to the fraction of peak shaving and the amount of installed wind power. Case for demand profile of Day 1, wind speed profile of Windday A, and a standard deviation of 1 m/s on the wind speed forecast error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-operational-cost-savings-of-wind-power-introduction-23iposz3.png Figure 5: Operational cost savings of wind power introduction for varying amounts of installed wind power and four different wind speed profiles. Left figure shows a forecast error with a 1 m/s standard deviation; right figure has a 3 m/s standard deviation. For demand profile of Day 1 and a fraction of 60% PHES for peak shaving. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wind-speed-profiles-of-4-different-days-showing-239u57t3.png Figure 1: Wind speed profiles of 4 different days, showing typical fluctuations (Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut (KMI) - L’Institut royal météorologique (IRM), 2007). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-thinning-on-surface-fluxes-in-a-boreal-forest-3q8chmi77r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-bulk-conductance-gb-of-thinned-2jqvv5dk.png Figure 3. Comparison of the bulk conductance gb of thinned and intact areas in June–September at RH of 40– 70% as a function of PAR. The gb was calculated by normalizing measured water vapor and ozone fluxes (Fw and FO3) by vapor pressure deficit and ozone concentration (VPD and cO3), respectively. Wet periods (precipitation events and subsequent 12 hours) were excluded. Each data point represents half-hour measurements averaged over a PAR interval of 100 mmol m 2 s 1 (the average number of half-hour values per data point is 5–28). (left) Fw/VPD in 2002 for the intact sector (shaded squares, approximately 280 data points) and for the thinned sector (white squares, 231); FO3/cO3 in 2002 for the intact sector (shaded circles, 181) and for the thinned sector (white circles, 198); (right) Fw/VPD for the whole south-east sector in 1996–2001 before thinning (shaded squares, 280) and in 2002 after thinning (white squares, 214). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-site-tower-1-red-square-was-installed-in-of61oe53.png Figure 1. Map of the site. Tower 1 (red square) was installed in April 1996 and measures fluxes of water vapor, CO2, and aerosol particles. Tower 2 (yellow square) was installed in August 2001 and measures fluxes of water vapor, CO2, and O3. The blue areas were thinned January– March 2002. See color version of this figure at back of this issue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-co2-fluxes-as-a-function-of-par-27xcw3xo.png Figure 4. Comparison of the CO2 fluxes as a function of PAR for thinned and intact areas in June–July for three different air temperature ranges. Each data point represents half-hour measurements averaged over a PAR interval of 100 mmol m 2 s 1 (the average number of half-hour values per data point is 1–16). (top) Tair = 14 –17 C; (middle) Tair = 17 –20 C; and (bottom) Tair = 20 –23 C. (a) Measured half-hour flux values in summer 2002 for the intact sectors (shaded squares, on average 127 data points) and for the thinned sectors (white squares, 116). (b) Measured flux values for the whole south-east sector in summers 1996–2001 before thinning (shaded squares, 136) and in summer 2002 after thinning (white squares, 105). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-biomass-sampling-plots-considered-in-134kd4j5.png Table 1. Distribution of Biomass Sampling Plots Considered in Relation to Tower 1a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-soil-co2-efflux-measured-by-soil-chambers-in-summer-hqsmuc75.png Figure 5. Soil CO2 efflux measured by soil chambers in summer 2002 in the intact (white squares) and thinned (shaded circles) areas. The distance among the chambers in each sector was 4–40 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-model-predictions-for-daily-gpp-as-a-function-of-2r3dji02.png Figure 6. Model predictions for daily GPP as a function of canopy LAI, separately for groundvegetation (bottom curve) and canopy (middle curve) and for their sum (top curve). (a) Overcast day. (b) Clear day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-site-tower-1-red-square-was-installed-in-y05u9wks.png Figure 1. Map of the site. Tower 1 (red square) was installed in April 1996 and measures fluxes of water vapor, CO2, and aerosol particles. Tower 2 (yellow square) was installed in August 2001 and measures fluxes of water vapor, CO2, and O3. The blue areas were thinned January– March 2002. See color version of this figure at back of this issue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deposition-velocities-vd-for-particles-50-nm-in-7w8w1olu.png Table 2. Deposition Velocities vd for Particles 50 nm in Diameter a https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-uncertainty-sources-on-the-reliability-level-of-1h9wng4n35 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-n-curve-when-varying-intercept-parameter-c-left-30it7gji.png Figure 2: S-N curve when varying intercept parameter C (left) and the slope parameter b (right) (R=-1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-choice-of-the-cld-on-the-reliability-35cuzzvg.png Figure 6: Effect of the choice of the CLD on the reliability level of the blade section at the maximum chord. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-the-measurement-uncertainty-on-the-w7poj83d.png Figure 7: Effect of the measurement uncertainty on the reliability level of the blade section (element with the minimum β index). Comparison with the deterministic design following https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistics-for-the-fatigue-material-properties-7xmj5d3u.png Table 4: Statistics for the fatigue material properties determined by (i) the uncertainty propagation law (ii) the asymptotic properties of the MLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-partial-safety-factors-taken-into-account-in-blade-13rz53sy.png Table 6: Partial safety factors taken into account in blade reliability estimations as per DNVGL-ST-0376 [11] https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-partial-safety-factors-included-in-the-estimation-of-11trs5fw.png Table 7: Partial safety factors included in the estimation of the load time series https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurands-and-sources-of-uncertainty-14rxt94m.png Table 1: Measurands and sources of uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-various-uncertainties-on-the-13r0d3wc.png Figure 4: Effect of the various uncertainties on the reliability level of the section at the maximum chord along with the estimation of the ‘current’ reliability level. (T=1yr) https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-water-streams-on-the-ac-breakdown-performance-of-59kv7endqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-reduction-of-breakdown-voltage-with-water-14pmdgoj.png Table 3. Relative reduction of breakdown voltage with water conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-breakdown-voltage-variation-with-water-conductivity-2f2f28hh.png Figure 9. Breakdown voltage variation with water conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-relationship-between-critical-break-up-length-and-4l5egs63.png Figure 11. Relationship between critical break-up length and applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-relationship-between-droplet-diameter-and-applied-2cjzgu7j.png Figure 12. Relationship between droplet diameter and applied voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-break-up-length-of-water-stream-under-different-1iqg0kng.png Figure 10. Break-up length of water stream under different applied voltage (D=3 mm, v= 1.0 m/s, d= 30 cm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plateau-rayleigh-instability-jet-and-the-2q6ja34y.png Figure 1. Plateau-Rayleigh instability jet and the theoretical model [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-break-up-length-and-velocity-3jpc362u.png Figure 3. Relationship between break-up length and velocity of liquid jet (AB-dripping regime, BC-Rayleigh regime, CD-first wind induced break-up regime, DE-second wind induced break-up regime) [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measured-results-of-dt-1v0vascc.png Table 4. Measured results of Δt. https://scispace.com/papers/effective-3d-failure-simulations-by-combining-the-advantages-k6tmlm2gch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-body-cut-by-a-crack-34a47a5d.png Figure 1: A body cut by a crack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-numerical-analysis-of-an-l-shaped-frame-load-1rd6puqx.png Figure 9: Numerical analysis of an L-shaped frame: load-displacement diagrams for the three different discretizations compared to experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intersecting-sda-a-two-discontinuities-parallel-to-3fwkatgo.png Figure 4: Intersecting SDA; a) two discontinuities parallel to the element facets. The corresponding marked nodes determine the ramp functions ϕ(i), see Eq. (39). b) additional failure modes parallel to the element edges and a discontinuity; the marked nodes determine the value of ϕ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-numerical-analysis-of-a-notched-beam-computed-load-dc7x8wis.png Figure 13: Numerical analysis of a notched beam: computed load-CMOD diagrams compared to experimental results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-numerical-analysis-of-an-l-shaped-frame-crack-paths-1rsrpt98.png Figure 8: Numerical analysis of an L-shaped frame: crack paths for three different discretizations. Up to three discontinuities are active in each of the enhanced finite elements (final stage of deformation, u = 0.09 cm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-numerical-analysis-of-an-l-shaped-frame-comparison-1aaxbi9w.png Figure 10: Numerical analysis of an L-shaped frame: comparison of the numerically predicted crack path to experimental results, cf. [51] (dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modeling-of-material-failure-by-means-of-a-cohesive-37lwff1q.png Figure 2: Modeling of material failure by means of a cohesive law https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-numerical-analysis-of-a-notched-beam-dimensions-cm-3mli8x4f.png Figure 11: Numerical analysis of a notched beam: dimensions [cm], boundary conditions and material parameters https://scispace.com/papers/effective-demand-in-the-recent-evolution-of-the-u-s-economy-ppcou1rv3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gdp-and-variables-of-the-model-2f49kxht.png Figure 1. GDP and Variables of the Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-error-correction-mechanism-ecm-12d0anta.png Table 2. Estimated Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-var-vector-misspecification-tests-27ybp1io.png Table 1. VAR Vector Misspecification Tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-19qfejxh.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/effectiveness-of-a-school-based-program-focusing-on-diet-and-2rg49knuax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-of-students-who-completed-the-13c9iagg.png Table 1. Sample Characteristics of Students who Completed the Program. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-between-the-groups-in-post-intervention-2dd72tv8.png Table 4. Differences between the groups in post intervention (8 month) values, analyzed with ANOVA for Health Habit Variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-for-the-biochemical-variables-blood-2u6nq0ry.png Table 3. Prevalence for the Biochemical Variables, Blood Pressure and BMI According to Level for Both Groups (CG or IG). https://scispace.com/papers/effectiveness-of-defatted-mustard-meals-used-to-control-4ypxxs5owy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-toxicity-of-b-juncea-meal-to-fungus-gnat-larvae-as-ingp660b.png Table 7. Toxicity of B. juncea meal to fungus gnat larvae as determined by the numbers of emerged adults (n=3).1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-toxicity-of-top-dressed-and-surface-incorporated-b-2in2fsa9.png Table 11. Toxicity of top-dressed and surface-incorporated B. juncea meal to fungus gnat larvae as determined by monitoring the number of emerged adults (n=4).1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-glucosinolate-content-of-cold-pressed-seed-meals1-20b5go5x.png Table 1. Glucosinolate content of cold pressed seed meals1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-biological-activity-of-volatiles-produced-from-four-2m47739j.png Table 6. Biological activity of volatiles produced from four meals on larval fungus gnats (n=10).1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-toxicity-of-b-napus-s-alba-and-b-juncea-meals-to-3ouuo147.png Table 10. Toxicity of B. napus, S. alba, and B. juncea meals to fungus gnat larvae as determined by the numbers of emerged adults (n=10).1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-toxicity-of-large-amounts-of-b-napus-s-alba-and-b-8df065qi.png Table 9. Toxicity of large amounts of B. napus, S. alba, and B. juncea meals to fungus gnat larvae as determined by the numbers of emerged adults (n=5).1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-toxicity-of-s-alba-meal-to-fungus-gnat-larvae-and-x41dxkt2.png Table 8. Toxicity of S. alba meal to fungus gnat larvae and nematodes as determined by the numbers of emerged adults (n=3).1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-effect-of-application-method-and-rate-of-b-juncea-1kg6tykp.png Table 12. Effect of application method and rate of B. juncea mustard meals on survival of fungus gnats using bottom watering (n=10). https://scispace.com/papers/effectiveness-of-internal-vs-external-seu-scrubbing-9ragqdordb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-xilinx-lx25-utilization-charts-for-2-implemented-dut-1hgxqux4.png Table 1:Xilinx LX25 Utilization Charts for 2 Implemented DUT Designs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xilnx-seu-controller-block-diagrams-4-the-right-332yq198.png Figure 1: Xilnx SEU Controller Block Diagrams [4]: The Right Most Block Diagram Illustrates 110 for the Core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-external-scrubbing-vs-internal-scrubbing-0-degrees-li6ewek5.png Figure 4: External Scrubbing vs. Internal Scrubbing @ 0 Degrees Incidence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-resources-post-irradiation-for-no-3ipu3bxw.png Figure 5: Comparison of Resources post-irradiation for No Scrubbing vs. Internal Scrubbing https://scispace.com/papers/effectiveness-of-the-global-protected-area-network-in-18m3k4dg0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-gap-species-in-relation-to-endemism-2068ykc4.png Figure 2 Percentage of gap species in relation to endemism levels and percentage of area https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-gap-species-in-the-current-protected-area-dcrmzekt.png Table 1 Numbers of gap species in the current protected area network and in randomly selected networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-density-map-of-gap-species-per-half-degree-cell-36hnc8vd.png Figure 1 Density map of gap species per half-degree cell, created by overlaying the ranges of all species not covered by any protected area. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-ambient-temperature-and-fall-related-injuries-in-4c3b3oqsxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3he36oio.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-27iddurr.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8h5wm6z3.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-androgens-on-the-development-of-nuptial-18bdgi8nsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-androgens-on-the-densities-of-melanophores-3dxrourk.png Fig. 3. Effects of androgens on the densities of melanophores and erythrophores in the scales of female bitterlings. Scales were collected from the five regions of the trunk indicated in Fig. 1A: A, top of nape; B, lateral part of nape; C, anterior part of side of body; D, lateral part of abdomen; E, caudal peduncle. MT, methyltestosoterone; KT, 11-ketotestosterone. Fish were fed either MT or KT at a dose of 2 or 20 μg/g diet for 30 or 50 days (d). Each column and bar indicate a mean and SEM (N=5). *, significance compared to control females (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-androgen-treated-female-bitterlings-fish-were-3oho7lip.png Fig. 2. Androgen-treated female bitterlings. Fish were administered methyltestosterone by diet (20 μg/g diet) for 20 days (A) or 50 days (B). Male-type nuptial coloration developed in the females. Arrowheads indicate the ovipositor. Scale bar, 1 cm. Chromatophores on the scales of female bitterlings treated with methyltestosterone in the diet (20 μg/g diet) for 30 days. (C, E, G) Photographs taken with ordinary transmission optics. (D, F, H) Photographs taken under dark field epi-illumination. (C, D) Region A; melanophores and greenish- and silvery-type iridophores (D) are evident. (E, F) Region B; melanophores, erythrophores, greenish-type iridophores, and silvery-type iridophores (F) are evident; the scale shows blue color where silvery-type and greenish-type irodophores are present. (G, H) Region E; melanophores, erythrophores, and silvery-type iridophores are evident (H). Scale bar, 100 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sexually-mature-male-a-and-female-b-bitterlings-1w3i7tpg.png Fig. 1. Sexually mature male (A) and female (B) bitterlings (Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus). Males show nuptial coloration. Arrows indicate the areas in which body color is different between males and females. Some mature males show orange spots in the anterior and middle parts of the dorsal fin, but most males have an orange spot only in the anterior part of the dorsal fin. White arrows indicate the regions where scales were collected for chromatophore observation. Females have a black spot on the dorsal fin. Arrowhead indicates the ovipositor. Scale bar, 1 cm. (C–F) Body parts of male bitterlings that show typical nuptial coloration. (C) Iris with orange color. (D) Anterior part of the dorsal fin with red spot. (E) Nape with green color. (F) Caudal peduncle with red spot. Scale bar, 1 mm. (G–J) Body parts of female bitterlings. (G) Iris with silver color. (H) Anterior part of the dorsal fin with a black spot. (I) Nape with silver color. (J) Caudal peduncle with dark color. Scale bar, 1 mm. (K—V) Chromatophores on the scales. (K, M, O, Q, S, U) Photographs taken with ordinary transmission optics. (L, N, P, R, T, V) Photographs taken under dark-field epi-illumination. (K, L) Male, region A; many melanophores (round or dendritic black cells) and greenish-type iridophores (round-shaped, blue or green colored cells in L) are evident. (M, N) Male, region B; melanophores, erythrophores (small red cells), silvery-type iridophores, and greenish-type iridophores are evident. (N) Scale showing blue color where silvery-type and greenish-type iridophores are present; cell margin with greenish-type iridophores is not clear in the photograph. (O, P) Male, region E; melanophores, erythrophores, and silvery-type iridophores are evident. Scale bar, 100 μm. (Q, R) Female, region A; melanophores and silvery-type iridophores (R) are evident; no greenish-type iridophores were observed. (S, T) Female, region B; melanophores, xanthophores (small orange cells), and silvery-type iridophores are evident. (U, V) Female, region E; melanophores, xanthophores, and silvery-type iridophores are evident. Scale bar, 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-autapse-and-channel-blockage-on-firing-regularity-5g5knys9jn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependence-of-collective-firing-regularity-on-1m5mqx7v.png Figure 2. Dependence of collective firing regularity 𝜆 on potassium channel block ratios 𝜒𝐾, when the autaptic parameters are constant (𝜏 = 10𝑚𝑠, 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑡 = 0.15 𝑚𝑆𝑐𝑚 −2). ( χNa = 1.0, 𝑝 = 0.15, 𝜀 = 0.1, 𝑆 = 6 𝜇𝑚2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependence-of-collective-firing-regularity-on-3j3flpw7.png Figure 1. Dependence of collective firing regularity 𝜆 on autaptic intensity 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑡 for various potassium channel block ratios χK at a constant autaptic time delay 𝜏 = 10𝑚𝑠.( 𝜒𝑁𝑎 = 1.0, 𝑝 = 0.15, 𝜀 = 0.1, 𝑆 = 6 𝜇𝑚2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-collective-firing-regularity-on-1snlaz4o.png Figure 4. Dependence of collective firing regularity 𝜆 on sodium channel block ratios χNa when the autaptic parameters are constant (𝜏 = 10𝑚𝑠, 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑡 = 0.5 𝑚𝑆𝑐𝑚 −2). ( χK = 1.0, 𝑝 = 0.15, 𝜀 = 0.1, 𝑆 = 6 𝜇𝑚2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-collective-firing-regularity-on-iitq4282.png Figure 3. Dependence of collective firing regularity 𝜆 on autaptic intensity 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑡 for various sodium channel block ratios χ𝑁𝑎 at a constant autaptic time delay 𝜏 = 10𝑚𝑠. ( χ𝐾 = 1.0, 𝑝 = 0.15, 𝜀 = 0.1, 𝑆 = 6 𝜇𝑚2). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-bacterial-lipopolysaccharide-and-shiga-toxin-on-t6v3c5jat7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-protein-abundance-levels-found-in-over-represented-2iqq7xui.png Figure 6: Protein abundance levels found in over-represented biological processes from toxin-treated iPSC-MSC. Comparative protein levels among treatments for biological processes found predominantly in (A) clusters 3 and 4 and in (B) clusters 1 and 2. Heatmap was plotted using scaled (z-score) normalized areas in which red color indicates higher abundance while blue represents low abundance. Dendrograms on top of heatmaps reflect hierarchical clustering of proteins. (C) Schematic representation of a segment of a blood vessel and the events triggered by LPS and Stx treatments focusing on MSC response. Created with BioRender (biorender.com). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-stx-and-lps-on-the-viability-of-t1o6e5qc.png Figure 1: Effect of Stx and LPS on the viability of endothelial cells, iPSC-MSC and its Gb3 expression. (A) Viability of HMEC-1 treated with LPS (500 ng/ml), alone or in combination with different Stx concentrations (5-20 ng/ml) were measured at 540 nm. and optic density (O.D.) from crystal violet were represented from each treatment . (B) Viability of iPSC-MSC treated with LPS (500 ng/ml), alone or in combination with different Stx concentrations (5-20 ng/ml) were measured at 540 nm. and optic density (O.D.) from crystal violet were represented from each treatment. Representative microphotographs depicting iPSC-MSC cultures are shown in the right panel (x10). (C) Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation on control and treated iPSC-MSC, 72 h post stimulus. Counts per minute (CMP) are shown. (D) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) assays performed in Control and treated iPSC-MSC to measure the expression of Gb3 receptor compared to known Gb3 standards (0.5, 1 and 2 µg). Gb3 quantification (ng Gb3/1e6 iPSC-MSC) is shown below each treatment column. Results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. n = 12–18 per group; *P<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lps-stx-increased-in-ipsc-msc-the-adhesion-to-2ptq1jrf.png Figure 4: LPS+Stx increased in iPSC-MSC the adhesion to gelatin. Adhered iPSC-MSC to gelatin after 24 h of being treated with LPS and/or Stx. Results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. n = 4 per group; **P<0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lps-stx-decreased-in-ipsc-msc-repair-mechanisms-in-3b18d78y.png Figure 5: LPS+Stx decreased in iPSC-MSC repair mechanisms in endothelial cells. Conditioned media (CM) from iPSC-MSC treated with LPS and/or Stx were added to endothelial cells for (A) wound healing assay (percentage of endothelial wound repair is shown and representatives microphotographs are shown) (B) tubulogenesis assay (number of branch points is shown and representatives microphotographs are shown). Results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. n = 8 per group; *P<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lps-increased-ipsc-msc-migration-and-stx-did-not-36n9pnap.png Figure 3: LPS increased iPSC-MSC migration and Stx did not modulate this function. Percentage of migrated area from LPS and/or Stx treated or Control iPSC-MSC after 6 h post-scratch over the monolayer of the cells.Representative microphotographs are shown for each treatment in the right panel. The discontinuous line represents the wound at time 0. Results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. n = 8 per group; *P<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inflammatory-cytokines-are-produced-by-ipsc-msc-in-1ku09isq.png Figure 2: Inflammatory cytokines are produced by iPSC-MSC in contact with LPS. Stx did not have this effect. iPSC-MSC were treated with LPS and/or Stx for 24 h and then secreted TNF-α (A), IL-8 (B) and TGF-β (C) were determined using ELISA kits. Results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. n = 3 per group; ***P<0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-co-products-and-breed-of-sire-on-the-performance-1s1dnhl8tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dietary-treatment-effect-on-performance-1mqrjir8.png Table 3. Dietary treatment effect on performance characteristics of feedlot steers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nutrient-composition-of-dietary-treatments-1beu7jrr.png Table 2. Nutrient composition of dietary treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-breed-of-sire-on-performance-and-carcass-1d24f7fc.png Table 6. Effect of breed of sire on performance and carcass characteristics and intercept and rate of ultrasound backfat, marbling, and marbling over backfat deposition of feedlot steers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-dietary-treatments-in-carcass-3hoy9qi3.png Table 4. Effects of dietary treatments in carcass characteristics of feedlot steers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-dietary-treatment-on-the-intercept-i-and-1ij2srn6.png Table 5. Effect of dietary treatment on the intercept (I) and rate (R) of ultrasound backfat, marbling, and marbling over backfat deposition of feedlot steers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ingredient-composition-of-dietary-treatments-6tydf3gn.png Table 1. Ingredient composition of dietary treatments https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-curcumin-nanoformulations-on-cellular-function-in-4zf9vd5avt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-nanoformulations-on-npc-astrocyte-lipid-fli4vg4y.png Figure 3 – Effect of nanoformulations on NPC astrocyte lipid storage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-npc-astrocyte-endocytosis-is-detrimentally-affected-2zxutjfr.png Figure 4 – NPC astrocyte endocytosis is detrimentally affected by some of the curcumin nanoformulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-curcumin-nanoformulations-3fj7jn9l.png Table 1 – Properties of the curcumin nanoformulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-curcumin-nanoformulation-particle-size-distribution-1bi23uuz.png Figure 1 – Curcumin nanoformulation particle size distribution and curcuminoid content https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cell-death-induced-by-some-curcumin-xczd3d6v.png Figure 6 – Cell death induced by some curcumin nanoformulations in NPC cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lipid-content-of-the-curcumin-nanoformulations-33gs2ln5.png Figure 5 – Lipid content of the curcumin nanoformulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ca2-release-properties-of-the-curcumin-3l29jahu.png Figure 2 – Ca2+ release properties of the curcumin nanoformulations https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-depth-dependent-irrigation-regimes-and-1y9njs9u3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atmospheric-parameters-affecting-crop-1q2qvgru.png Table 1. Atmospheric parameters affecting crop evapotranspiration in 2014 and 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-water-consumptions-of-sugar-beet-based-on-different-36ec9guz.png Table 4. Water consumptions of sugar beet based on different root depths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-different-irrigation-practices-with-3hybd3jt.png Table 2. Effects of different irrigation practices with different rooting depths and various fertilizers on sugar beet in 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-different-irrigation-practices-with-4jt9caq2.png Table 3. Effects of different irrigation practices with different rooting depths and various fertilizers on sugar beet in 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-enrichment-on-simple-aquatic-food-webs-2cnybavonc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-repeated-measures-anova-on-the-effects-of-3grs3iea.png Table 1: Summary of repeated-measures ANOVA on the effects of food web structure (web) and nutrient level (nutrient) on zooplankton groups over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zooplankton-biomass-1-se-over-time-in-experimental-2bvfrvyt.png Figure 2: Zooplankton biomass ( 1 SE) over time in experimental tanks containing different food web configurations (webs I, II, and III). Each food web treatment received either high (open circles) or low (filled squares) nutrient additions. Note that zooplankton biomass increased with enrichment in all food webs but that the difference between high and low nutrient treatments differed depending on food web configuration. Daphnia persisted only in web II, whereas small grazers were present in all treatments, although suppressed in web II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-coefficient-of-variation-cv-1-se-based-on-all-six-1p0jmpq3.png Figure 6: Coefficient of variation (CV; 1 SE), based on all six sampling dates, of Daphnia, small grazers, and total zooplankton biomass in food web treatments receiving either low (open bars) or high (filled bars) nutrient additions. The CV of Daphnia was significantly higher at high nutrient conditions. Both small grazers and total zooplankton biomass were significantly higher in web I than in webs II and III. The effects of nutrient condition and food web composition were tested using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Asterisks denote significantly different treatments: one asterisk indicates ; two asterisks, ; and three asterisks, .P ! .05 P ! .01 P ! .001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-coefficient-of-variation-cv-1-se-based-on-all-six-1140kpvh.png Figure 7: Coefficient of variation (CV; 1 SE), based on all six sampling dates, of edible, filamentous, and total algae. Nutrient level is denoted as in figure 6. The CV of total and edible algae was significantly higher in nutrient enriched treatments, whereas the CV of filamentous algae was not affected by enrichment. Edible algae were sensitive to both nutrient and food web treatment, the CV being largest when web II was enriched. Filamentous algae were sensitive to web treatment. The effects of nutrient condition and food web composition were tested using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Asterisks denote significantly different treatments: one asterisk indicates ; two asterisks, ; and three asterisks,P ! .05 P ! .01 .P ! .001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-repeated-measures-anova-on-the-effects-of-h69mk1o8.png Table 2: Summary of repeated-measures ANOVA on the effects of food web structure (web) and nutrient level (nutrient) on biomass of algal groups over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fraction-of-edible-algae-relative-to-total-algal-3pypcxw1.png Figure 5: Fraction of edible algae relative to total algal biomass ( 1 SE) at the end of the experiment in food web treatments receiving low (filled bars) and high (open bars) nutrient additions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-repeated-measures-anova-on-the-effects-of-3n5dzzrq.png Table 3: Summary of repeated-measures ANOVA on the effects of food web structure (web) and nutrient level (nutrient) on abundance of heterotrophic flagellates and bacteria over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-trend-analysis-in-coefficient-of-1fnis6sm.png Table 5: Results of trend analysis in coefficient of variation (CV) of response variables https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-fourth-order-fiber-dispersion-on-ultrashort-535bgc410e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-longitudinal-evolutions-of-a-the-misfit-parameter-to-a-2wrpgq92.png Fig. 6. Longitudinal evolutions of (a) The misfit parameter to a parabolic temporal shape with no FOD (dashed) and a triangular temporal shape with FOD (solid) and (b) the RMS spectral bandwidth without (dashed) and with (solid) FOD. The parameters are δ = 0 or δ = 2.3669× 10−5 and N2 = 2.6474× 105. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-characteristic-curves-7a-for-0-2n2x0-400-and-d20-6-0-5-2f8inpfc.png Fig. 2. Characteristic curves (7a) for |Ω0| ∼ 2N2ξ0 = 400 and δΩ20/6 = 0.5 (solid) and δ = 0 (dashed). These values correspond to reasonable values used in simulations of N2 ∼ 2× 105 and δ ∼ 2×10−5. The characteristic curves plotted are for |τ0| = 0 (black) , 1 (blue), 2 (red) and 3 (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-temporal-and-b-spectral-powers-at-x-0-0013-for-1y4jn1mf.png Fig. 10. (a) Temporal and (b) spectral powers at ξ = 0.0013 for parabolic (black), Gaussian (green), and hyperbolic secant (red) initial conditions. Note that the high oscillations induced for the initial Gaussian and hyperbolic secant pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-reduction-factor-eq-8-for-0-2n2x0-400-d20-6-0-5-208n9kuo.png Fig. 3. Power reduction factor Eq. (8) for Ω0 ∼ −2N2ξ0 = −400, δΩ20/6 = 0.5, and |τ0| = 0 (black) , 0.5 (cyan) , 1 (blue), 2 (red) and 3 (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-power-profiles-a-without-and-b-with-fod-at-6x0vk2or.png Fig. 4. Temporal power profiles (a) without and (b) with FOD at propagation distances ξ = 0 (red), ξ = 0.0011 (green), ξ = 0.0022 (blue), ξ = 0.0033 (cyan), and ξ = 0.0041 (magenta). The parameters are N2 = 2.6474×105, (a) δ = 0 and (b) δ = 2.3669×10−5. The inset shown in (b) is the temporal profile (black) at ξ = 0.0028, and its fit to a triangular function (red circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-spectro-temporal-plots-at-propagation-distance-x-0-27itt84w.png Fig. 9. Spectro-temporal plots at propagation distance ξ = 0.0013 for initial chirp-free (a) parabolic and (b) hyperbolic secant intensity profiles with the same FWHM pulse duration and energy. Note that the parabolic initial condition keeps a monotonic chirp across the pulse profile, where the initial hyperbolic secant pulse does not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-temporal-and-b-spectral-intensity-profiles-for-n2-n-35uaou61.png Fig. 8. (a) Temporal and (b) spectral intensity profiles for N2 = N∗ 2/2, N∗ 2, 2N∗ 2, with N∗ 2 = 2.6474 × 105. For N2 = 2N∗ 2 a best fit triangular temporal shape is also shown (dashed). The temporal profiles shown are taken at the circled points of Fig. 7(b), and the spectral profiles are shown at points of maximum flatness. The parameter δ = 2.3669×10−5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectral-power-profiles-a-without-and-b-with-fod-at-807xyo5m.png Fig. 5. Spectral power profiles (a) without and (b) with FOD at propagation distances ξ = 0 (red), ξ = 0.0011 (green), ξ = 0.0022 (blue), ξ = 0.0033 (cyan), and ξ = 0.0041 (magenta). The parameters are the same as in Fig. 4 and ω is normalized frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-hair-coat-characteristics-on-radiant-surface-3eygcyv9yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-607-608-3j3t2q8k.png Figure 3. 607 608 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weight-of-hair-coat-samples-and-hair-length-of-26y0bs29.png Table 2. Weight of hair coat samples and hair length of horses included in the study. 564 565 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-temperatures-degc-for-different-body-parts-and-pibmshnw.png Table 3. Mean temperatures (°C) for different body parts, and the effect of horse breed. 569 Samples were collected indoors under stable conditions at 10 °C. 570 571 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-617-618-tol3iznu.png Figure 4. 617 618 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-626-627-figure-5-628-629-2dbnqodl.png Figure 5. 626 627 Figure 5. 628 629 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-temperatures-degc-for-different-body-parts-and-j2dqwlnm.png Table 4. Mean temperatures °C for different body parts and the effect of hair coat sample 582 weight category. Number of samples (horses) within each category is given in parenthesis. 583 584 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-on-horses-included-in-the-study-ten-of-the-nkgxnebt.png Table 1. Details on horses included in the study. Ten of the 21 horses were measured both in 557 February and in November. 558 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-598-599-600-1tgxpjb7.png Figure 2. 598 599 600 https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-horizontal-resolution-and-air-sea-coupling-on-9sw6nq33sl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-seasonal-and-regional-mean-precipitation-over-ea-3h4fx2yz.png Figure 3. Seasonal and regional mean precipitation over EA subregions. Compared datasets include APHRODITE, ERA-Interim, AN96, CN96, AN216, CN216, AN512 and CN512 (units: mmd−1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-moisture-source-during-jja-for-region-1-from-era-1tuq93i0.png Figure 7. Moisture source during JJA for region 1 from ERA-Interim (a) and AN96 (c). Moisture source during DJF for region 5 from ERA-Interim (b) and CN512 (d). Difference of moisture source in region 1 JJA: (e) between AN96 and ERA-Interim (f); between CN512 and ERA-Interim (units: mmpermonth). The black box in each panel represents target regions. Details of the division can be found in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-mean-moisture-source-for-ea-subregions-a-c-e-1k3rwqzf.png Figure 4. Annual mean moisture source for EA subregions (a, c, e, g and i; units: mmpermonth) and vertically integrated moisture flux (vector; units: m3 s−1) calculated from ERA-Interim. Moisture source accounts for 80 % of precipitation are shown. Difference in annual mean moisture sources between AN96 and ERA-Interim (b, d, f, h and j; units: mmpermonth). The black box in each panel indicates the target region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mass-centres-of-moisture-source-in-djf-and-jja-for-fi44w6es.png Figure 6. Mass centres of moisture source in DJF and JJA for regions 1–5 from ERA-Interim and MetUM simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sst-bias-in-metum-coupled-simulation-in-djf-units-3ufrtqr4.png Figure 11. SST bias in MetUM coupled simulation in DJF (units: K). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulations-used-in-this-study-l85-of-the-2km1xea7.png Table 1. Simulations used in this study. L85 of the atmospheric vertical resolution is a terrain-following hybrid height coordinate (units: m) that has 85 levels and a fixed model lid at 85 km (Hewitt et al., 2011). L75 of the oceanic vertical resolution is a z∗ coordinate (units: m) (Hewitt et al., 2011; Madec and Imbard, 1996). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-difference-in-moisture-source-for-region-5-in-djf-1k4jvzdg.png Figure 10. Difference in moisture source for region 5 in DJF (units: mmpermonth). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-differences-in-moisture-source-for-precipitation-2o9nwq1t.png Figure 9. Differences in moisture source for precipitation over region 1 JJA between air–sea coupled and atmosphere-only simulations: (a) CN96 minus AN96, (b) CN216 minus AN216 and (c) CN512 minus AN512 (units: mmpermonth). Vectors are differences in the vertically integrated moisture flux (units: kgm−1 s−1). (d) Mean evaporation (bars with outline only; units: m3permonth), mean zonal wind (dot; units: ms−1) and sea surface temperature anomaly from observation (filled bar; units: K) over the Arabian Sea (AS) and South China Sea (SCS). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-laser-surface-melting-on-ti-30nb-2sn-sintered-1crtqq32l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ebsd-analysis-of-specific-microstructures-in-order-to-sj3jugbq.png Fig. 2. EBSD analysis of specific microstructures in order to identify present phases: (A) PM substrate, (B) martensitic microstructure at 2.5mm from top surface. (C) Equiaxed Ti-b microstructure at 1mm from top surface. Phase map color label: yellow, BCC titanium; red, HC titanium; magenta, orthorhombic Ti-martensite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-results-of-figure-2-ebsd-phase-maps-ojm2e5aj.png Table 1. Summary of the results of Figure 2 EBSD phase maps. Results in area percentage. Phase A B C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-cross-section-optical-microscopy-images-showing-38xt1fwc.png Fig. 1. Sample cross-section optical microscopy images showing microstructure evolution from non-affected surface to top surface of laser surface melting pool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-in-depth-of-the-modulus-and-hardness-results-1vlz4ono.png Fig. 3. Profiles in depth of the Modulus and Hardness results obtained by nanoindentation for each microstructure analyzed (a), and averaged values acquired between the 300 and 500 nm represented versus the distance from top melting pool surface (b). FULL PAPER 4. Conclusions In summary, thanks to the designed LSM process, it was possible to simultaneously close the open porosity and minimize elastic modulus of the Ti30Nb2Sn substrate. But in this case, it is crucial maximize the quenching severity of the laser processing, combining high laser irradiation and low scanning speed. Then, resultant microstructure consists of https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-material-coating-design-and-plaque-composition-on-2tqo9bh9ai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-simulated-stent-expansion-for-four-types-of-stents-26cgauii.png Figure 15, Simulated stent expansion for four types of stents using the calcified plaque model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-von-mises-stresses-on-bare-metal-xience-stent-2bx7puyh.png Figure 8, The von Mises stresses on bare metal Xience stent and coated Xience stent after stent deployment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-of-the-ogden-model-used-to-describe-the-2gan8x66.png Table 3, Coefficients of the Ogden model used to describe the material behaviour of the three vessel wall layers and the hypocellular stenotic plaque (Zahedmanesh and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-a-stent-expansion-and-b-recoiling-and-213pjjls.png Figure 9, Comparison of (a) stent expansion and (b) recoiling and dogboning effects for four types of stents with distinctly different designs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diameter-change-of-stent-during-its-deployment-38opsy29.png Figure 4, Diameter change of stent during its deployment inside a stenotic artery using single inflation and multiple inflations methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-stress-strain-behaviour-for-hypocellular-and-26d1hv5c.png Figure 14, Stress-strain behaviour for hypocellular and calcified plaques (Ogden model). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-diameter-change-for-both-stent-and-artery-during-2jd9qiaf.png Figure 3, (a) Diameter change for both stent and artery during stent deployment; (b) Evolution of dogboning and recoiling during deflation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-material-choice-on-a-stent-expansion-and-31lwqm8x.png Figure 5, Effect of material choice on (a) stent expansion and (b) stent recoiling and dogboning. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-metformin-and-vanadium-on-leptin-secretion-from-455zjvvwfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-metformin-in-the-presence-of-0-16-nm-34786ywd.png Table 1. Effects of metformin in the presence of 0.16 nM insulin on glucose uptake, lactate production, and the percentage of glucose carbon taken up that was released as lactate by isolated rat adipocytes over 96 hours in culture (mean6 SEM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glucose-utilization-corrected-for-media-sampling-36jqlnfr.png Figure 1. Glucose utilization (corrected for media sampling and replacement) over 96 hours by isolated rat adipocytes in primary culture with insulin at 0.16 nM and metformin at concentrations from 0 to 25.0 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leptin-secretion-corrected-for-media-sampling-and-3on2y5b0.png Figure 2. Leptin secretion (corrected for media sampling and replacement) over 96 hours by isolated rat adipocytes in primary culture with insulin at 0.16 nM and metformin at concentrations from 0 to 25.0 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-insulin-1-6-nm-or-vanadium-on-glucose-1iotqa2u.png Table 2. Effects of insulin (1.6 nM) or vanadium on glucose uptake, lactate production, and the percentage of glucose carbon taken up that was released as lactate by isolated rat adipocytes over 96 hours in culture (mean6 SEM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-glucose-utilization-corrected-for-media-sampling-2ueq08mx.png Figure 5. Glucose utilization (corrected for media sampling and replacement) over 96 hours in by isolated rat adipocytes in primary culture with vanadium at concentrations from 0 to 50.0mM or with insulin at 1.6 nM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-leptin-secretion-corrected-for-media-sampling-and-3cclw0k6.png Figure 6. Leptin secretion (corrected for media sampling and replacement) over 96 hours by isolated rat adipocytes in primary culture with vanadium at concentrations from 0 to 50.0mM or with insulin at 1.6 nM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-the-percentage-of-glucose-1wgjk8zh.png Figure 4.Relationship between the percentage of glucose taken up and released as lactate and leptin secretion over 96 hours by adipocytes in primary culture in 32 control wells containing no added insulin or insulin at a low concentration of 0.16 nM. Leptin secretion, glucose utilization, and lactate production are corrected for media sampling and replacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-the-percentage-of-glucose-12w1q67w.png Figure 3.Relationship between the percentage of glucose taken up and released as lactate and leptin secretion over 96 hours by adipocytes in primary culture with insulin (INS) at 0.16 nM and metformin (MET) at concentrations from 0 to 5.0 mM. Leptin secretion, glucose utilization, and lactate production are corrected for media sampling and replacement. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-milling-and-annealing-on-formation-and-structural-4pqveql33x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-of-milled-powders-after-different-3e70lpx8.png Fig. 2. SEM micrographs of milled powders after different milling times (a) 5 h; (b) 10 h; (c) 20 h; (d) 40 h and (e) 60 h. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-mutual-coupling-on-interference-mitigation-with-a-1ch5xfnesq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-focal-plane-array-element-locations-and-orientations-1oocsbnc.png Fig. 2. Focal plane array element locations and orientations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scattering-parameters-of-array-to-amplifier-matching-13njr5wp.png Fig. 4. Scattering parameters of array-to-amplifier matching network for the port connected to the center element. The simple quarter-wave line and reactance matching network does not have enough degrees of freedom to follow the optimal response over a broad band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-array-mutual-scattering-parameters-and-active-xoir3ogm.png Fig. 3. Array mutual scattering parameters and active reflection coefficient as a function of frequency. The self-coupling of the center element and the mutual coupling between the center element and one of the outer elements are shown. The narrow width of the region for which is much smaller than unity limits the usable system bandwidth for a simple matching network. The physical array element spacing is fixed, and the electrical element spacing in wavelengths changes as a function of frequency, so the horizontal axis is a normalized frequency scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-array-quality-factor-for-the-no-interfererer-case-8hdh9nko.png Fig. 5. Array quality factor for the no-interfererer case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-array-quality-factor-with-an-interfering-signal-1keu8udx.png Fig. 6. Array quality factor with an interfering signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-output-snr-in-the-no-interferer-case-for-several-types-15jmyq07.png Fig. 7. Output SNR in the no-interferer case for several types of array-to-amplifier matching networks. The physical array element spacing is fixed, and the electrical element spacing in wavelengths changes as a function of frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-multiantenna-receiver-system-qh5v4yfz.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the multiantenna receiver system including mutually coupled arrays, matching network, receiver amplifiers, and loads. After amplification, the voltages across the loads are either combined using a hardware beamformer or sampled and combined in digital signal processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-output-sinr-with-an-intefering-signal-for-several-tvk0vyyy.png Fig. 8. Output SINR with an intefering signal for several types of array-to-amplifier matching networks. Fluctuations at high and low frequencies are pattern rumble caused by the frequency dependence of the antenna response pattern in the interferer direction. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-plant-based-diets-on-the-distal-gut-microbiome-of-4lqp8v27jn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1pu3ouda.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-qrt-pcr-assays-for-quantifica-t-ion-of-bacteria-1yxpofb6.png Table 5.3 qRT-PCR assays for quantifica t ion of bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-unique-cpn60-sequences-de-tected-in-cn-fm-and-sb-3eq70c6p.png Table 3.4 Unique cpn60 sequences de tected in CN, FM and SB libraries . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-ingredie-nt-composition-and-nutrient-analys-is-of-2falo0ob.png Table 3.1 Ingredie nt composition and nutrient analys is of die ts (g kg-1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-ingredient-composit-ion-of-experimenta-l-die-ts-1gtokm4m.png Table 5.1 Ingredient composit ion of experimenta l die ts . https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-n-umbe-r-of-carn-obacteriu-m-maltaromaticu-m-s-tra-324kwl73.png Table 6.1 N umbe r of Carn obacteriu m maltaromaticu m s tra ins iso la te d from dis tal intes tinal contents of rainbow trout fed with different die ts . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-2i4qhr95.png Figure 5: A https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-ingredient-composit-ion-of-experimenta-l-die-ts-3flv938y.png Table 4.1 Ingredient composit ion of experimenta l die ts . https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-pre-eclampsia-and-fetal-growth-restriction-on-c-3cmis3bjo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-findings-x3niesnw.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical findings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-association-of-diastolic-blood-pressure-with-tl8z5jvq.png Figure 2. Association of diastolic blood pressure with maternal plasma NTproCNP at 34–36 weeks of gestation (n = 43). Line fitted by least squares method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-a-plasma-ntprocnp-and-b-mean-arterial-2648208b.png Figure 1. Changes in (A) plasma NTproCNP and (B) mean arterial pressure (MAP) during pregnancy. Open, stippled, and filled columns depict values at 14–16, 19–21, and 34–36 weeks of gestation, respectively. Data are expressed as means SEMs from 20 women at each time point, except for pre-eclampsia (n = 18) and for GHT with SGA (n = 5) at 34–36 weeks of gestation. Significant differences from the values at 14–16 weeks of gestation are indicated by asterisks: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-pulvinar-inactivation-on-spatial-decision-making-4cwgs1y585 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-task-performance-in-instructed-trials-for-control-2m77boh4.png Table 1. Task Performance in Instructed Trials for Control and Inactivation Sessions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-choice-behavior-a-trajectories-of-selected-memory-akh5qsoz.png Figure 3. Choice behavior. (A) Trajectories of selected memory saccades in choice trials in a typical control and inactivation session in monkey F (same sessions as in Figure 2A for instructed saccades). Note the inactivation-induced decrease of choices toward the contralesional space in the equal reward condition as opposed to the unaffected contralesional choice behavior for targets associated with high reward. The numbers above the trajectories indicate the number of saccades made to the left and right hemifields. Other notations as in Figure 2A. (B) Percentage of saccades toward the contralesional (right) hemifield in choice trials as a function of reward and session type. In both monkeys, the percentage of contralesional choices decreased significantly during selection between equal rewards but remained high when a large reward was placed in the contralesional hemifield. Inset on the right illustrates the three-choice cue conditions. The rectangular frame around the small or large reward icon in each left/right reward pair under the horizontal axis denotes the corresponding selection. (C) Saccade latencies for ipsilesional and contralesional choices as a function of expected reward. Latencies for low reward choices were not plotted in monkey R because of the lack of those trials. Note that saccade latencies toward the contralesional space became longer in both monkeys after inactivation, similar to instructed saccades. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percent-of-right-hemifield-contralesional-choices-bsrmy6f6.png Table 4. Percent of Right Hemifield (Contralesional) Choices for Six Control and Six Inactivation Sessions as a Function of Saliency Manipulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-task-performance-in-instructed-trials-in-control-and-2xeeesl4.png Table 3. Task Performance in Instructed Trials in Control and Inactivation Sessions, for Low and High Contrast Trials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inactivation-sites-and-experimental-design-a-36mo761x.png Figure 1. Inactivation sites and experimental design. (A) Inactivation sites in the two monkeys visualized with coinjections of gadolinium MR contrast agent. The top shows coronal MR images (0.8-mm thickness) around the tip of the cannula between 20 and 40 min after THIP injection. The coinjected gadolinium appears white. In all cases, the center of the injection was between +3 and +5 mm in Horseley–Clark coordinates. The bottom shows the estimated injection locations (orange). Estimation was performed by overlaying the pulvinar landmarks derived from the anatomical monkey atlas on the aligned and scaled MRI slices (Saleem & Logothetis, 2006). Injections shown represent the typical injection volume used in the current study (3–4 μl). Abbreviations: bc = brachium of SC; cd = caudate; PM = medial pulvinar (target structure); PL = lateral pulvinar; PI = inferior pulvinar; r = reticular nucleus. (B) Memoryguided saccade task. A trial started with the presentation of a fixation spot followed by the https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-saccade-latencies-in-choice-trials-for-control-and-12tjc9v0.png Table 2. Saccade Latencies in Choice Trials for Control and Inactivation Sessions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-luminance-contrast-on-saccade-behavior-f9kbo819.png Figure 4. Effect of luminance contrast on saccade behavior and choices. Memory-guided saccade task with luminance contrast manipulation (monkey F, six control and six inactivation sessions). The general task structure was as described in Figure 1B. The luminance contrast of the targets was 10% (low contrast) or 100% (high contrast). Positions of low and high contrast cues were randomly varied between 18 possible target positions. Reward magnitude was held constant for all contrast levels. Inset on the right illustrates the three-choice cue conditions (single-target instructed conditions are not shown). (A) The percent of fixation aborts in instructed trials following cue presentation for each hemifield and contrast condition. (B) Proportion of correct saccades in instructed trials for each hemifield and contrast condition. (C) Mean saccade latency in instructed trials as a function of contrast and hemifield. (D, left) Percentage of saccades toward the contralesional (right) hemifield in choice trials as a function of contrast and session type, in contrast manipulation blocks. Note that, after inactivation, even when a high contrast target was presented in the contralesional field together with a low contrast target in the ipsilesional field, the monkey still more often selected the ipsilesional target (60%). The rectangular frame around the small (faint) or large (saturated) contrast icon in each left/right contrast pair under the horizontal axis denotes the corresponding selection. (D, right) Percentage of saccades toward the contralesional (right) hemifield in choice trials as a function of reward and session type, in reward manipulation blocks, tested in the same sessions with contrast manipulation blocks. These data are a subset of 13 control and 13 inactivation reward manipulation sessions shown in Figure 3B for monkey F. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-instructed-saccades-a-trajectories-of-instructed-2110kobx.png Figure 2. Instructed saccades. (A) Trajectories of instructed memory saccades toward single targets in a typical control and inactivation session in monkey F. Saccades were made to targets in 18 possible directions at an eccentricity between 10° and 16°. Saccadic eye movements (dotted curves) in control (top) and inactivation sessions (bottom) for low (left) and high (right) reward. Trajectory colors denote the locations of the saccade targets (red–yellow: right, cyan–blue: left; scale bar, 5°). Here, and in all other figures, the left hemifield is ipsilesional, and right hemifield is contralesional after the inactivation. (B) Effect of inactivation on fixation aborts. The percent of fixation aborts following cue presentation for each hemifield, reward condition, and monkey. Data were averaged over sessions and pooled over the nine target positions in each hemifield. Here and in other figures, purple bars represent data obtained after inactivation; black bars, data from control sessions. Error bars indicate SE across sessions, and stars denote p < .05 for the specific comparison as indicated by connecting lines (red asterisk denotes contralesional deficits). Inset on the right illustrates the four instructed cue conditions. (C) Effect of inactivation on saccade performance. The percent of correct saccades that monkeys made after they successfully maintained fixation during the delay period for each hemifield, reward condition, and monkey. Same notations as in (B). Red star indicates the contralesional decrease of correct low reward saccades in monkey F, the only contralesional deficit besides the prolongation of saccade latencies observed for the instructed trials. (D) Mean saccade latencies as a function of reward and hemifield. Saccade latencies toward the contralesional space became longer in both monkeys after inactivation. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-progesterone-and-its-antagonist-mifepristone-on-483zuxamgd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-pr-a-expression-in-unstimulated-huvecs-10-b-pr-a-2a89zjyk.png Fig. 1. a PR-A expression in unstimulated HUVECs. ! 10. b PR-A expression in HUVECs after 0.1 nmol/ml stimulation with progesterone. ! 10. c PR-A expression in HUVECs after 1.0 nmol/ ml stimulation with progesterone. ! 10. d PR-A expression in HUVECs after 10 nmol/ml stimulation with progesterone. ! 10. e PR-A expression in HUVECs after 100 nmol/ml stimulation with progesterone. ! 10. f PR-A expression in HUVECs after incubation with progesterone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-substances-used-for-stimulation-of-pr-a-vhq9v62a.png Table 1. Substances used for stimulation of PR-A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pr-a-expression-in-unstimulated-huvecs-10-b-pr-a-dndra59r.png Fig. 2. a PR-A expression in unstimulated HUVECs. ! 10. b PR-A expression in HUVECs after 0.1 nmol/ml stimulation with mifepristone. ! 10. c PR-A expression in HUVECs after 1.0 nmol/ ml stimulation with mifepristone. ! 10. d PR-A expression in HUVECs after 10 nmol/ml stimulation with mifepristone. ! 10. e PR-A expression in HUVECs after 100 nmol/ml stimulation with mifepristone. ! 10. f PR-A expression in HUVECs after incubation with mifepristone. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-repeated-yearly-exposure-to-exercise-training-on-1n9gvvk1gi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-schematic-representation-of-the-study-29sc8cwk.png FIGURE 1 CONSORT schematic representation of the study procedures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-predicted-10-year-atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-2r3gdugr.png FIGURE 3 (a) Predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, and (b) metabolic syndrome Z-score during 3 consecutive years of a 16-week program of aerobic interval training (training group; N¼23) or sedentary lifestyle (control group; N¼26). Data are mean SEM. Significant difference between training and control groups at that time point (P<0.05). Significant different from year 1 within each group (<0.05). Significant different from year 2 within each group (P<0.05). Significant Baseline vs. 16-week in that intervention year (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-metabolic-syndrome-components-during-3-consecutive-2kil2zb6.png FIGURE 2 Metabolic syndrome components during 3 consecutive years of a 16-week program of aerobic interval training (training group; N¼23) or sedentary lifestyle (control group; N¼26). Data are mean SEM. Significant difference between training and control groups at that time point (P<0.05). Significant different from year 1 within each group (P<0.05). Significant different from year 2 within each group (P<0.05). Significant Baseline vs. 16-week in that intervention year (P<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-prior-to-interventions-342g2zz4.png TABLE 1. Participant characteristics prior to interventions https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-softwood-biochar-on-the-status-of-nitrogen-bjy38dzegz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-concentration-of-water-extractable-ammonium-n-water-3lgkjg9c.png Figure 2 Concentration of water-extractable ammonium-N, water-extractable nitrate-N 223 and KCl-extractable ammonium-N in the control and various treatments. All values are 224 presented as the mean ± standard error (n=3), and bars with different letters for each 225 parameter indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) according to Duncan’s post hoc 226 test. 227 228 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ftir-spectra-for-swp550-and-swp700-mdxkcn3l.png Figure 1 - The FTIR spectra for SWP550 and SWP700 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mass-balance-of-nitrogen-in-the-experimental-system-ztcwhq93.png Table 3 Mass balance of nitrogen in the experimental system 299 https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-sensitive-electrical-stimulation-based-1v4r5oco3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-data-of-patients-included-in-the-study-k2zm45bw.png Table 1 Clinical data of patients included in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-freezing-of-gait-events-in-baseline-c0-9qvlntj4.png Figure 5 Number of Freezing of Gait events in baseline (C0), stimulation (C1) and control baseline (C0bis) on all subjects (n = 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-fog-events-between-stepping-in-place-grkd5qxg.png Figure 6 Number of FOG events between “Stepping In Place”, “Timed Up and Go” and C0 (stimulation protocol baseline). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-real-time-stimulation-triggering-based-1nhxuz5a.png Figure 2 Example of real-time stimulation triggering based on Equ 2 from an experimental record. Green and red lines are respectively the start and stop stimulation events triggered by our non-stationary period detection algorithm. Heel off (HO) and swing (SW) phases were manually added to the figure for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-timed-up-and-go-tug-freezing-of-gait-occurrence-and-x02gk36t.png Table 3 Timed Up and Go (TUG): Freezing Of Gait occurrence and gait performances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-subject-is-equipped-with-an-inertial-1jxl3jg7.png Figure 3 The subject is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (a) and a programmable stimulator (b) wirelessly connected through a PC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-durations-standard-deviation-of-u-turn-5-meters-and-3trgs27y.png Table 4 Durations (standard deviation) of u-turn, 5-meters and Walk-around phases compared between baseline 1 (C0), stimulation (C1) and baseline 2 (C0bis) in all the subjects (n=13) and in the subgroups (freezers and non-freezers in C0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-subjects-id13-and-id7-fog-occurrence-fog-duration-1s029hcm.png Figure 7 Subjects ID13 and ID7: FOG occurrence, FOG duration and time needed to walk 5 m. Comparison between C0 (baseline) and C1 (stimulation) https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-simulated-shoot-and-leaf-herbivory-on-vegetative-4n76uw7eam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-leaf-removal-and-shoot-removal-on-the-16hr8b8l.png Fig. 1. Effects of leaf removal and shoot removal on the eventual number of shoots per branch. Sample sizes were 86 or 87 for each sample. Bars are one standard error, calculated across trees. Statistics were done on comparisons that controlled for individual tree effects, which greatly increase power compared to the apparently large standard errors shown here. Shoot removal significantly increased the number of shoots per branch, but leaf removal did not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-leaf-removal-on-the-mean-number-of-leaves-2zk35s1y.png Fig. 3. Effects of leaf removal on the mean number of leaves per node on trees occupied by different ant species. Sample sizes were 17 or 18 for each sample. Bars are one standard error, calculated across trees. Statistics were done on comparisons that controlled for individual tree effects, which greatly increase power compared to the apparently large standard errors shown here. Leaf removal significantly increased leaf production, overall. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-rock-fragments-on-physical-degradation-of-eq3aimh0y3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relationship-between-carbon-content-c-in-the-tine-2yszd5bq.png Fig. 9. Relationship between carbon content (C) in the tine earth and rock fragment content by mass (R,) for the topsoil (O-5 cm) of a Mediterranean pine forest. Data extracted from Van Wesemael https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-temperature-climate-patterns-on-the-production-of-4xqbse840l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-year-of-reaching-the-dynamic-equilibrium-during-28tf9871.png Fig. 4 The year of reaching the dynamic equilibrium during simulations with constant temperature and increasing fluctuation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-maximum-number-of-specimens-of-the-species-on-133hgrre.png Fig. 3 Annual maximum number of specimens of the species on constant temperature with different velocity parameters (logarithmic representation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-total-number-of-specimens-for-a-year-in-case-of-35xpvu2q.png Fig. 10 Total number of specimens for a year in case of various climates with r=0.1 velocity parameter (logarithmic representation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dominant-species-in-experiments-having-linear-1ts160g0.png Table 1 Dominant species in experiments having linear increase in temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-use-of-resources-values-for-various-velocity-33ufa3m3.png Fig. 5 Use of resources values for various velocity parameters in case of linear temperature patterns and a few types of fluctuation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reproductive-temperature-pattern-of-33-algae-species-36nsnubr.png Fig. 1 Reproductive temperature pattern of 33 algae species https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-use-of-resources-values-in-simulations-with-sine-3p78jrna.png Fig. 6 Use of resources values in simulations with sine temperature patterns with r=1 velocity parameter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-number-of-species-related-to-the-historical-2qyco377.png Fig. 7 Total number of species related to the historical climate of Budapest for r=1 (left side) and r=0.1 (right side) velocity parameters during 400 days https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-the-booking-com-rating-system-bringing-hotel-2ifdysc2uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-booking-com-hotel-reviews-scores-nixaieb9.png Figure 1. Distribution of Booking.com hotel reviews’ scores, London, 5 Jan 2015 – 5 Jan 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plot-of-booking-com-hotel-reviews-scores-london-1cozmdbo.png Figure 2. Box-plot of Booking.com hotel reviews’ scores, London, 5 Jan 2015 – 5 Jan 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kernel-density-distributions-161dnmh4.png Figure 4. Kernel density distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-skewness-and-kurtosis-for-the-four-distributions-of-1xtlcgjy.png Table 1. Skewness and kurtosis for the four distributions of Booking.com hotel reviews’ scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-booking-com-hotel-reviews-scores-172xzohd.png Figure 3. Distribution of Booking.com hotel reviews’ scores, based on hotel class subsamples https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-water-depth-cover-and-food-resources-on-habitat-4q7a8p7ous 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-probabilities-and-estimated-number-of-dbgtpkdl.png Table 1. Detection probabilities and estimated number of individuals (n) of marsh bird and waterfowl species observed during call-response surveys in 2009 in the Summerberry Marsh Complex, Manitoba. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-densities-of-marsh-birds-and-waterfowl-birds-km2-in-7hrxs49s.png Table 2. Densities of marsh birds and waterfowl (birds/km2) in the partial drawdown and high-water wetlands of the Summerberry Marsh Complex, Manitoba in 2008 and 2009. Results are not (not available) for American Coots or waterfowl in 2008 as they were not surveyed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-plot-scale-effects-of-resource-availability-on-the-lrb7f8zr.png Table 5. Plot-scale effects of resource availability on the presence of marsh birds in the Summerberry Marsh Complex, Manitoba in 2008 and 2009. Results are not available (NA) for invertebrate variables and the American Coot in 2008 as these were not sampled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-and-extent-of-the-saskatchewan-river-delta-12czmae4.png Figure 1. Location and extent of the Saskatchewan River Delta in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada, and the Summerberry Marsh Complex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wetland-scale-effects-of-resource-availability-on-36zwfwkg.png Table 3. Wetland-scale effects of resource availability on densities of marsh birds in the Summerberry Marsh Complex, Manitoba in 2008 and 2009. Results are not available (NA) for invertebrate variables and the American Coot in 2008 as these were not sampled. Response estimates are for bird densities over two survey rounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-wetlands-outlined-by-their-full-supply-level-2qi7i3vu.png Figure 2. Study wetlands outlined by their Full Supply Level within the Summerberry Marsh Complex, Manitoba, Canada. The names of the three partially drawn down wetlands are labeled with an underline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wetland-scale-effects-of-resource-availability-on-ejukxrit.png Table 4. Wetland-scale effects of resource availability on densities of waterfowl in the Summerberry Marsh Complex, Manitoba in 2008 and 2009. Response estimates are for bird densities over two survey rounds. https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-dodder-vine-extract-as-seed-protectant-against-2rxa9inh13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-dodder-vine-gtfy64m9.png Table 2. Effect of different concentrations of dodder vine extract on number of damaged seeds and weight loss https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-mortality-rate-of-c-chinensis-l-at-1113h3c4.png Fig. 1. Cumulative mortality rate of C. chinensis L. at different concentrations of dodder vine extracts at different days after treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-different-concentrations-of-dodder-vine-24a8y9jf.png Table 1. Effect of different concentrations of dodder vine extract on number of egg bearing seeds, number of eggs laid and adult emergence https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-and-safety-of-once-weekly-semaglutide-versus-daily-355k1la50g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-230pv05b.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sustain-8-patient-disposition-exsmpans.png Figure 1: SUSTAIN 8 patient disposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-1-adverse-events-requiring-completion-of-specific-3cxu5zxc.png Table 12–1 Adverse events requiring completion of specific event forms and/or are subject to event adjudication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-american-diabetes-association-classification-of-anc4ap3y.png Figure 2-3 American Diabetes Association classification of hypoglycaemia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-trial-design-35b7dliy.png Figure 5–1 Trial design https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-2-calculated-powers-for-meeting-individual-3to44cd9.png Table 17–2 Calculated powers for meeting individual hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-1-assumptions-used-in-the-sample-size-calculation-13in07e0.png Table 17–1 Assumptions used in the sample size calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-1-reporting-of-aes-rsy2f5yp.png Figure 12–1 Reporting of AEs https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-a-self-help-parenting-intervention-for-parents-1c7e84ao05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-study-sample-n-52-7v3nfjur.png TABLE 1 Baseline characteristics of study sample (n = 52) https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-new-natural-biomodification-agents-from-3w5h02s76a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vibrational-spectra-of-micro-raman-analysis-from-same-2hnliguk.png Fig. 3 – Vibrational spectra of micro-Raman analysis from same specimens before and after 1 min biomodification treatment. All reagents induced emergence of shoulder at ∼1117 cm−1 (black arrow) and increase of Amide III peak at 1235 cm−1 (dotted line) which demonstrates collagen crosslinking according to Liu et al. [29]. (A) Spectra of treated (black) and untreated (grey) specimens subjected to treatment with proanthocyanidins of grape seed extract. (B) Spectra of treated (black) and untreated (grey) specimens submitted to treatment with Aroeira extract. (C) Spectra of treated (black) and untreated (grey) specimens which undergone treatment with 2 wt% cardol solution. (D) Spectra of treated (black) and u % ca https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-biomodification-agents-surveyed-3q4qq5mu.png Fig. 1 – Chemical structures of biomodification agents surveyed. structure of proanthocyanidins from grape seed extract. (c) Chem Chemical structure of cardol with its respective NMR graph. *Des outcomes of gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analyses: c 1,08; 1,36; 1,45; 1,50; 1,71; 2,19 (t, 2H); 2,65; 2,94; 2,95; 5,13 (m) 5, (t, 1H) ppm. GC/MS (EI): m/z = 302. Cardol — Dark brown oil, 1H N (t); 2,75 (m); 4,94 (m); 5,32 (m); 5,77 (m); 6,02 (s, 1H); 6,06 (s, 2H) p https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-sd-of-elastic-modulus-mpa-of-demineralized-2wagqpbi.png Table 1 – Mean (SD) of elastic modulus (MPa) of demineralized dentin specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sd-of-mass-variation-of-dentin-2wnf5jv5.png Table 2 – Mean (SD) of mass variation (%) of dentin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-aspect-of-demineralized-dentin-specimens-after-2x1cugbu.png Fig. 2 – Color aspect of demineralized dentin specimens after fou interpretation of the references to color in the text, the reader is https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-non-pharmacological-interventions-to-treat-4dbk3twjdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-oral-nutritional-supplementation-versus-usual-care-1wf911lw.png Fig. 4. Oral nutritional supplementation versus usual care, outcome: changes in BMI (kg/m2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oral-nutritional-supplementation-versus-usual-care-2amtdqmv.png Fig. 3. Oral nutritional supplementation versus usual care, outcome: changes in body weight (percent). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-of-bias-of-included-studies-1kmnzokp.png Table 2 Risk of Bias of included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oral-nutritional-supplementation-versus-usual-care-203ksms4.png Fig. 2. Oral nutritional supplementation versus usual care, outcome: changes in body weight (kg). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-screening-process-o6cv029e.png Fig. 1. Study screening process. https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-and-equity-in-the-multi-organization-scheduling-2etmsvmarr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-evaluation-of-mcedd-3eftxrgs.png Figure 3: Experimental evaluation of MCEDD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-6-steps-of-the-heuristic-execution-step-3ph5x14y.png Figure 2: Example of 6 steps of the heuristic execution. Step 1: local schedules. Step 6: the scheduled returned by MCEDD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-each-organization-accepts-to-decrease-its-makespan-3ab3rsnh.png Figure 1: Each organization accepts to decrease its makespan by a factor (1 +α). Lower bound on the ratio between the best possible makespan when no organization increases its makespan by a factor larger than (1 + α), and the optimal makespan. https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-of-low-versus-high-airline-pressure-in-stunning-3woezgx1sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-shots-at-the-ideal-shooting-position-in-1twr481z.png Table 2 Frequency of shots at the ideal shooting position in cattle heads and the deviation in cm from that position, when shot with pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt guns operating with low (LP = 160–175 psi) and high (HP = 190 psi) airline pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-physical-signs-of-brain-function-in-mq4zm52m.png Table 1 Prevalence of physical signs of brain function in cattle after being shot with pneumatic penetrating captive bolt gun at low airline pressure (LP = 160–175 psi) and high airline pressure (HP = 190 psi) assessed on the ground, just after the animal had rolled out of the stunning pen (GR), just after being hoisted (HO), and at the bleeding rail (BL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-muzzle-velocity-profile-according-to-the-airline-vf6nib0e.png Fig. 1. Muzzle velocity profile according to the airline pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-of-mobile-eye-camps-for-providing-combined-eye-4revhgoq8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-data-on-unaided-visual-acuity-va-type-of-dma76zir.png Table 1: Frequency data on unaided visual acuity (VA), type of refractive error (D) specified by the spherical equivalent (M) and ocular health for rural (Mussoorie) and urban (Dehradun) screening locations in north India. Odd ratios (OR) are calculated between the two locations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-of-different-reasons-for-referral-in-the-18y8aqu3.png Figure 3: Frequency of different reasons for referral in the urban (Dehradun) and rural (Mussoorie) area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-aloka-vision-programme-screening-scheme-1vdoasxs.png Figure 1: The Aloka Vision Programme screening scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-years-distribution-of-eye-camp-locations-in-the-x2o8hjdj.png Figure 2: Age (years) distribution of eye camp locations in the urban (Dehradun) and rural (Mussoorie) area https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cost-estimation-in-k-for-the-pre-camp-organization-4-q9sxngew.png Table 2: Cost estimation in k₹ for the pre-camp organization (4 days), completion (4 days) and treatment (4 days) of four days inclusive eye camps. The estimated numbers are based on the 400 screened people https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-ranking-using-dominance-network-and-4obqes4222 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layered-layout-of-proposed-dn-2hbkgfm7.png Figure 1. Layered layout of proposed DN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-leem-and-chun-2015-network-2zfkcqhm.png Figure 3. Leem and Chun (2015) network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-liu-et-al-2009-2010-network-3mc9ixxk.png Figure 2. Liu et al. (2009, 2010) network https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimal-input-output-slacks-and-objective-function-1zkstru7.png Table 2. Optimal input/output slacks and objective function value (2) of the inefficient DMUs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sna-and-mo-indicators-for-efficient-dmus-qunkzpu3.png Table 3. SNA and MO indicators for efficient DMUs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-normalized-decision-matrix-criteria-weights-and-pis-25egqm88.png Table 4. Normalized decision matrix, criteria weights and PIS and NIS vectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distance-to-pis-and-nis-closeness-farness-ratio-and-l9d86ygj.png Table 5. Distance to PIS and NIS, closeness/farness ratio and ranking obtained by proposed approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ranking-of-liu-et-al-2009-2010-leem-and-chun-2015-3m5zvc3m.png Table 6. Ranking of Liu et al. (2009, 2010), Leem and Chun (2015) and Super-SBM (Tone 2002) https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-auger-charge-transfer-processes-in-zno-4ysua1w83i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-epr-spectra-of-the-electron-irradiated-zno-measured-at-3qb5bzp7.png FIG. 3. EPR spectra of the electron-irradiated ZnO measured at 20 K under different light excitation energies. (a) Overview spectrum. (b) Spectra showing the central magnetic field range in more detail. (c) Simulated spectra of the central Fe3þ line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zeeman-splitting-of-the-nbx-pl-line-depicted-as-a-10zq8c1i.png FIG. 2. Zeeman splitting of the NBX PL line depicted as a function of the magnetic field in the Faraday (a) and Voigt configurations (c). (b) Angular dependence of the NBX PL line measured at 8 T with the magnetic field rotated from the c axis towardsB⊥c. The energy positions are plotted with respect to the center of gravity of the Zeeman split components. The experimental data are depicted by the open symbols, while the solid lines are fitting curves by the effective spin Hamiltonian given by Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-photo-epr-spectra-depicting-the-normalized-intensity-3iqvy90u.png FIG. 4. (a) Photo-EPR spectra depicting the normalized intensity of the AlZn0 and the Fe3þ EPR signals as a function of the light excitation energy. The experimental data are depicted by the open symbols, while the solid lines act as a guide to the eye. The energy positions of the relevant excitons [NBX, I9, I6, I0, and the free exciton (FX)] are marked by the dashed vertical lines. (b) Illustration of the Auger-type charge-transfer process involving the NBX center, Fe center, and the AlZn shallow donor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pl-spectra-of-the-as-grown-the-dashed-line-and-2n71qdxc.png FIG. 1. PL spectra of the as-grown (the dashed line) and electron-irradiated (the solid line) ZnO samples measured at 4 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-spin-hamiltonian-parameters-of-the-20pc6dtk.png TABLE I. Summary of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the defects and impurities monitored by EPR in this work. The axial components of the electron g tensor are denoted as g⊥ and gk, while the components for the nonaxial centers are given by gx, gy, and gz. For the nonaxial centers, φ is the angle between the z and c axes. The hyperfine interaction tensor A and the fine structure parameter D are given in megahertz. The parallel and perpendicular directions are given with respect to the c axis. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-algorithms-and-cost-models-for-reverse-spatial-25h8e8uo9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-experimental-results-on-the-gn-dataset-2rqv2xj9.png Fig. 15. Experimental results on the GN dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-to-rskknn-algorithm-22y5ots7.png Fig. 8. Illustration to RSKkNN algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-spatial-approximation-1lavc9lr.png Fig. 5. Illustration of spatial approximation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-for-illustrating-the-relationship-of-rsknn-1knmheje.png Fig. 2. Example for illustrating the relationship of RSkNN, RKkNN and RSKkNN https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-notations-used-1y0keoh9.png Table I. Summary of the notations used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-illustration-for-the-maximal-spatial-distances-2f62ifoz.png Fig. 10. Illustration for the maximal spatial distances between entries and minimal spatial distances between query object q and entries at level l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-rskknn-queries-2jhu5uma.png Fig. 1. An example of RSKkNN queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-text-vectors-for-iur-tree-in-figure-2-2laauhe8.png Fig. 4. Text vectors for IUR-tree in Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-bulk-updates-on-multiversion-b-trees-2dzrfwv1bq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-i-os-and-leaf-accesses-for-query-workload-qr1-qr2-22g4gfcd.png Table 6: I/Os and leaf accesses for query workload qr1, qr2, qr3 and for MVBT +, MVBT and R-tree https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bulk-update-i-o-ratio-mvbt-lru-mvbt-8-kb-pages-1nr5ci3f.png Figure 11: Bulk update, I/O Ratio MVBT-LRU / MVBT+ 8 KB pages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-storage-utilization-of-leaf-and-index-1hakco1c.png Figure 10: Average storage utilization of leaf and index nodes (MVBT+, 8KB pages B=197=100%) a) leaf storage utilization, b) index node storage utilization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-important-notations-19i3na2v.png Table 1: Important notations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mvbt-settings-19kfkuil.png Table 2: MVBT+ settings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-i-o-ratio-as-a-function-of-the-page-size-u50-data-1hx11alb.png Figure 8: I/O ratio as a function of the page size (u50 data set, memory size m = M/B = 400) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-storage-utilization-of-mvbt-and-mvbt-2ogszv56.png Table 5: Storage utilization of MVBT+ and MVBT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-i-o-ratio-of-mvbt-lru-and-mvbt-as-a-function-of-the-23nwdtsg.png Figure 7: I/O Ratio of MVBT-LRU and MVBT+ as a function of the memory size(page size = 8KB) https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-computation-of-pareto-optimal-beamforming-vectors-44fpqp9nfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-closed-form-method-to-computebdn-12xbfde4.png TABLE III CLOSED-FORM METHOD TO COMPUTEBdn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rate-regions-forg11-g22-1-g12-g21-2-k1-k2-0-85-22imc6jw.png Fig. 3. Rate regions forg11 = g22 = 1, g12 = g21 = 2, κ1 = κ2 = 0.85 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rate-regions-forg11-g22-1-g12-g21-2-k1-k2-0-3-3k8g5rnj.png Fig. 2. Rate regions forg11 = g22 = 1, g12 = g21 = 2, κ1 = κ2 = 0.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-closed-form-method-to-computebnn-2o0g9jt0.png TABLE II CLOSED-FORM METHOD TO COMPUTEBnn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-three-different-cases-in-the-proof-1bf2y4fg.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the three different cases in the proof f Prop. 2. The optimal solution is marked with a star. (a):a = 1, b = 1.2, c = 0.9, (b): a = 1.5, b = 1.2, c = 0.9, (c): a = 2.5, b = 1.2, c = 0.9. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-design-of-waveguide-manifold-multiplexers-based-on-1oq0sdqyxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-manufactured-pim-test-bed-with-the-wideband-6-channel-249xd36j.png Fig. 16. Manufactured PIM test bed with the wideband 6-channel manifold multiplexer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-physical-structure-of-the-finally-optimized-non-cb3zw2ub.png Fig. 8. Physical structure of the finally optimized non-contiguous 10-channel multiplexer with CWDM filters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-layout-of-a-hfrw-channel-filter-used-in-the-wideband-mo9uow1c.png Fig. 10. Layout of a HFRW channel filter used in the wideband multiplexer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-measured-response-of-the-wideband-multiplexer-with-a-2fb3xmhr.png Fig. 17. Measured response of the wideband multiplexer with a high-pass waveguide filter connected to the sixth channel filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-generalized-distributed-model-of-a-1gpdra10.png Fig. 1. Structure of the generalized distributed model of a multiplexer. All the elements in the model must consider the waveguide dispersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-response-of-the-initial-low-order-em-distributed-3jd8tvdn.png Fig. 11. Response of the initial low-order EM distributed model of the wideband multiplexer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-response-of-the-low-order-em-distributed-model-of-the-22390e3b.png Fig. 12. Response of the low-order EM distributed model of the wideband multiplexer after the optimization process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-an-individual-circular-waveguide-dual-zzt55ei5.png Fig. 2. Structure of an individual circular-waveguide dual-mode filter. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-embedding-of-deterministic-test-data-4v57wq7d18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-industrial-circuits-with-test-data-volumes-bvugi771.png TABLE II INDUSTRIAL CIRCUITS WITH TEST DATA VOLUMES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-description-data-2scxjzgt.png Fig. 5. System description data https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-itc02-soc-benchmarks-with-test-data-volume-1505dr9s.png TABLE I ITC’02 SOC BENCHMARKS WITH TEST DATA VOLUME https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-component-type-specific-test-data-3pvnufqh.png Fig. 6. Component-type specific test data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-embedded-system-with-a-test-controller-5hn4tzfc.png Fig. 1. An embedded system with a test controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-data-concatenation-for-testing-ic2-only-3ghpenn1.png Fig. 4. Test data concatenation for testing IC2 only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-data-concatenation-for-testing-all-the-components-ss681u2j.png Fig. 3. Test data concatenation for testing all the components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fds-vectors-stored-in-memory-2x2x33pf.png Fig. 2. FDS-vectors stored in memory https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-event-dissemination-using-bluetooth-protocol-29qvts5huz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequences-during-test-phase-1g0q1sou.png Table 2. Sequences during test phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heading-messages-during-test-phase-1zimgm9h.png Table 3. Heading Messages during test phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-receiving-two-messages-on-lane-a-39bv99sy.png Fig. 4. Receiving two messages on lane A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-decreasing-rssi-measure-of-an-unidirectional-1s6u4rgx.png Fig. 3. A decreasing RSSI measure of an unidirectional BLETransmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-receiving-two-messages-on-lane-b-q97d08p8.png Fig. 5. Receiving two messages on lane B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-corresponding-of-the-roads-heading-with-the-vehicles-21iv0898.png Fig. 6. Corresponding of the road’s Heading with the vehicle’s Heading. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rssi-measure-during-test-phase-9mk2cvlf.png Table 1. RSSI measure during test phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rotation-of-the-comparison-system-in-order-to-validate-3boidkqu.png Fig. 8. Rotation of the comparison system in order to validate the event. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-floating-point-representation-for-balanced-codes-4ftk0p1jyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-implementation-results-h2mmvfa2.png TABLE II. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-application-simple-pipelined-architecture-3a4wdyok.png Fig. 5. Example of application: simple pipelined architecture for digital filtering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-speedup-as-a-function-of-additions-multiplications-3vvc81ke.png Fig. 6. Speedup as a function of % additions-multiplications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-format-conversion-2isffu7o.png Fig. 1. Format conversion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-format-conversion-38ly4f5g.png Fig. 2. Format conversion https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-speedup-for-common-algorithms-2jr30qhz.png TABLE III. SPEEDUP FOR COMMON ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-addition-of-two-numbers-28kzi187.png Fig. 3. Addition of two numbers https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rounding-from-the-four-lsbs-of-the-result-ngrt-232l5pu0.png TABLE I. ROUNDING FROM THE FOUR LSBS OF THE RESULT (NGRT) https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-frequency-doubling-at-399-nm-54i7dye44r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-lbo-crystal-for-shg-from-798-nm-to-399-2n0icc68.png TABLE I. Properties of LBO crystal for SHG from 798 nm to 399 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-scheme-of-the-shg-setup-fi-faraday-isolator-l-3n0xhzh9.png FIG. 1. Block scheme of the SHG setup. FI: Faraday Isolator. L: mode matching lens. M1–M4: cavity mirrors. NF: neutral density filter. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-graph-partitioning-algorithms-for-collaborative-k1jyto6b9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-collaborative-workflow-development-scenarios-that-1ckvj5kx.png Fig. 2. Collaborative workflow development scenarios that demonstrate the difference in the collaborative performance of the v2 and v3 lock evaluator algorithms. (Notations: G1: subgraph locked with U lock for R1; S1: sub-graph locked with S lock for R1, …). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architectural-overview-of-collaborative-p-grade-grid-215rkaem.png Fig. 3. Architectural overview of Collaborative P-GRADE Grid Portal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collaborative-workflow-development-scenario-to-2ml917ti.png Fig. 1. Collaborative workflow development scenario to demonstrate that the v2 algorithm provides a better collaborative performance than v1. (Notations: G1, G2: sub-graphs locked with U lock for R1 and R2; S2: sub-graph locked with S lock for R2). https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-hardware-implementation-of-3x-for-radix-8-encoding-3jiiwdnhxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-word-length-n-of-minimum-redundancy-signed-36ubmfwh.png Table 1. Word length (n’) of minimum redundancy signed representation for different radix and values of an n-bit binary number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-shows-the-schema-of-a-cla-i-module-where-1kliv8wn.png Figure 5.a shows the schema of a CLA-I module where complementary gates are used to reduce the propagation time. In https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparisons-for-different-implementations-of-3x-2pgnhb86.png Table II. Comparisons for different implementations of 3X. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conventional-adder-to-generate-3x-as-2x-x-u1ftnmtu.png Fig. 1. Conventional adder to generate 3X as 2X+X. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-b-shows-the-schema-of-cla-iii-the-cla-iv-implements-14y5tt8m.png Figure 5.a shows the schema of a CLA-I module where complementary gates are used to reduce the propagation time. In https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-b-adder-module-3p6jtmbg.png Fig. 6. 4-b adder module. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fast-ripple-carry-implementation-of-3x-15vgtdln.png Fig. 3. Fast ripple carry implementation of 3X https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-3x-addition-implementation-derived-from-31jy0bwx.png Figure 2 shows the 3X addition implementation derived from equations (3), (4) and (7) for n=12. Note the propagation of Hi y Ki signals are generated in a parallel ripple configuration through the NOR gates with an asymptotic time O(n). A more efficient implementation of this circuit can be made taking advantage of the properties of Hi y Ki. Figure 3 shows a new implementation for n=12 using the expressions derived from Eq. (7) indicated below: https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-implementation-of-iterative-polynomial-matrix-evd-19afdoaung 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-matrix-s-i-1-z-c-c5x5-with-maximum-lag-t-i-1-3-and-p-8yj9q3tf.png Fig. 4. (a) Matrix S(i−1)(z) : C→ C5×5 with maximum lag T (i−1) = 3 and P = 2; (b) shifting of region with maximum energy to lag zero (τ (i) = −1); (c) central matrix with maximum lag (T (i−1)−|τ (i)|) = 2, S(i)′′(z), is extracted. (d) S(i)(z) = Q(i)S(i)′′(z)Q(i),H; (e) shifting of region with maximum energy to lag zero (τ (i+1) = 1); (f) S(i+1)′′(z) extracted. (g) S(i+1)(z); (h) τ (i+2) = −1; (i) S(i+2)′′(z) is extracted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-for-a-matrix-where-in-the-ith-iteration-the-2o74d1ts.png Fig. 3. Example for a matrix where in the ith iteration the Frobenius norm of a region in the top-right of the matrix is maximum: (a) the region is shifted (here in negative direction), with elements in the region past lag zero (b) extracted and (c) parahermitian conjugated; (d) these elements are appended to the far (hidden) bottom-left region at lag zero and (e) shifted in the opposite (here positive) direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-execution-time-in-us-for-each-task-over-100-8iy2vbn3.png Fig. 8. Average execution time in µs for each task over 100 instances of the (a) serial and (b) parallel implementation on an Intel R© i7-4700MQ CPU. ‘System’ refers to model computations not associated with the algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-model-diagram-of-the-parallel-form-of-the-algorithm-1bd83v57.png Fig. 7. Model diagram of the parallel form of the algorithm implemented in Simulink R©. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-lres-mse-e-and-lf-comparison-3nm5d2sw.png TABLE I AVERAGE λres , MSE, η, AND LF COMPARISON. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ground-truth-dashed-vs-extracted-solid-a-b-strongest-397zj86s.png Fig. 6. Ground truth (dashed) vs extracted (solid) (a,b) strongest and (c,d) weakest four polynomial eigenvalues obtained from (a,c) SMD and (b,d) PSMD when applied to a single instance of the specified scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concept-of-psmd-a-original-matrix-r-t-c20x20-which-in-3f1zq8hq.png Fig. 1. Concept of PSMD: (a) original matrix R[τ ] ∈ C20×20, which in a first ‘divide’ paraunitary similarity transform step yields (b) the block diagonal result R′[τ ]; a second paraunitary similarity transform, which can now be applied to each subblock separately leads to (c) the diagonalised output D[τ ]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-resources-utilised-by-serial-and-parallel-156749kd.png TABLE II AVERAGE RESOURCES UTILISED BY SERIAL AND PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF ALGORITHM ON AN INTEL R© I7-4700MQ CPU. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-localization-for-robot-soccer-using-pattern-vnie7txnkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sample-y-component-values-at-point-surrounding-scf68hv1.png Fig. 5. Sample Y Component Values at Point Surrounding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-standard-platform-league-pitch-description-8-16vcqldv.png Fig. 1. Standard Platform League Pitch Description [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-result-of-a-horizontal-first-difference-operation-1ssoqlhp.png Fig. 4. Result of a Horizontal First Difference Operation Around a Point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-localization-system-test-results-3bm018ko.png Fig. 8. Localization System Test Results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-post-point-inclusion-in-mca-384h7831.png Fig. 3. Example of Post Point Inclusion in MCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-modified-cox-algorithm-1szk965j.png Fig. 2. Example of the Modified Cox Algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-detected-points-with-without-edge-filtering-15xw4dkk.png Fig. 6. Example of Detected Points With / Without Edge Filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-test-scenario-set-ups-initial-position-and-orientation-1pa743ri.png Fig. 7. Test Scenario Set-Ups. Initial Position and Orientation Drawn in White. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-online-group-screening-designs-for-agent-3s6lh4n6rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-experiment-durations-3mvp2npi.png Table 1. Example experiment durations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-naive-and-group-screening-methods-3doxgrxo.png Table 2. Comparison between naive and group-screening methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-test-saving-ratios-for-different-number-of-2xuri3up.png Fig. 3. Average test saving ratios for different number of candidates. From left to right, the cases for n = 100, n = 1000, and n = 10000. Blue line represents the average test saving ratio over 100 simulations, the error bar indicates the standard error. From simulation we found that the average test saving ratio is generally larger than the worst case bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-test-saving-ratio-lower-bound-as-a-function-of-3rzyejdh.png Fig. 2. (a) The test saving ratio lower bound as a function of true agent ratio. The blue line indicates the worst case saving ratio under the given true agent ratio. The smaller the true agent ratio, the more tests we can save. The red dashed line indicates the point of no savings (naive method). (b) Round saving ratio bound as a function of efficiency ratio and true agent ratio. The blue line indicates the decision boundary of positive savings in terms of rounds. Green indicates the savings, and red indicates the losses. We expect to save when true agent ratio is low and efficiency ratio is low. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-tests-and-rounds-needed-for-the-online-group-3qm7r848.png Fig. 5. Total tests and rounds needed for the online-group-screening method when candidate number in each treatment is limited. Left: total tests needed. Right: total rounds needed. Blue circles represent the result of online-groupscreening method, black dashed line represents the total tests and rounds required by naive method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-naive-and-online-group-screening-2r179xzb.png Table 3. Comparison between naive and online-group-screening methods on HTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-naive-group-screening-and-online-group-34ls5pv1.png Fig. 1. An example of naive, group-screening and online-group-screening algorithms. In this example, we have 16 candidates to test, one of which is a true agent. Each round we only allow at most 4 treatments to be tested in parallel, so efficiency is 4. The naive method exhaustively tests all candidates, using 16 tests and 4 rounds. If we know there is only one agent, the group-screening method randomly divides all 16 candidates into 4 group-screening treatments. After the first round, the treatment containing a true agent is further tested in the second round, using totally 8 tests in 2 rounds. When the true agent number is not known, we use the online-group-screening method. We run the first round as the naive method, and the results indicate that the true agent ratio is very low. Therefore, we use group-screening on the rest of the candidates. It takes 11 tests and 3 rounds in total. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-empirical-analysis-for-the-online-group-screening-q43bzg66.png Fig. 4. An empirical analysis for the online-group-screening method. We ran 100 simulations for different settings of n,w, where true agent ratio is uniformly generated. The first row is the test saving ratio. The second row is the round saving ratio. We only show the result for the first 25% true agent ratio, as the rest 75% have 0 saving ratios in all the settings. No loss has occurred in all 100 simulations for all the settings. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-rfid-based-mobile-object-localization-593bap49eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sources-of-localization-errors-2p0cta0c.png Figure 6. Sources of localization errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-localization-error-heuristics-17lyxstj.png TABLE II. LOCALIZATION ERROR HEURISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-time-complexity-of-localization-algorithms-17ekw6xw.png TABLE I. TIME-COMPLEXITY OF LOCALIZATION ALGORITHMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experimental-setup-details-yvcwg1wj.png TABLE III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP DETAILS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tag-orientations-a-3d-orthogonal-b-planar-3jlpzx2e.png Figure 1. Tag orientations: (a) 3D orthogonal, (b) Planar orthogonal https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-proposed-approach-with-existing-2iijj44b.png TABLE IV. COMPARISON OF PROPOSED APPROACH WITH EXISTING RFIDBASED MOBILE LOCALIZATION TECHNIQUES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-localization-accuracy-a-along-the-x-axis-b-along-2w91aba5.png Figure 8. Localization accuracy: (a) Along the X-axis, (b) Along the Y-axis, and (c) Impact of the number of reference tags on localization accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-four-way-multi-tag-platform-aom512rm.png Figure 2. A four-way multi-tag platform https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-time-synchronization-mechanism-for-wireless-multi-nfiunl6532 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-precision-in-usec-of-the-offset-estimation-for-our-eec374sf.png TABLE I PRECISION IN µsec OF THE OFFSET ESTIMATION FOR OUR SYNCHRONIZATION MECHANISM AND RBS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-the-offset-and-frequency-error-17fh53kq.png Fig. 2. Variation of the Offset and Frequency error estimations when we vary the number of reference messages n, the reference message transmission rate P and the synchronization period n · P . https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-workspaces-through-semantic-reliability-2hnxisoimn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-semantics-for-reducing-the-retransmission-of-2p51z7cj.png Table 2. Semantics for reducing the retransmission of obsolete data in a shared web-browser. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-savings-in-bandwidth-bytes-and-delay-seconds-1edb4dd8.png Table 4. Savings in bandwidth (bytes) and delay (seconds) experienced by a receiver with a 256 Kb/s link experiencing 10% loss. See text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-semantics-for-enabling-efficient-error-recovery-in-21q16tt2.png Table 3. Semantics for enabling efficient error recovery in interactive H.261 video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reducing-error-propagation-in-video-2vmwn99g.png Figure 2. Reducing error propagation in video. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-semantics-and-properties-from-11-iosunu24.png Table 1. Example semantics and properties (from[11]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-principle-for-text-node-semantics-using-a-local-10f9hhcu.png Figure 1. The principle for text-node semantics using a local dictionary. https://scispace.com/papers/eigenvalue-condition-numbers-and-pseudospectra-of-fiedler-190lji0wow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-4-condition-numbers-k-l1-p-k-l1-msj-and-k-l1-msj-where-3mmxelst.png Fig. 8.4 Condition numbers κ(λ1, p), κ(λ1,Mσj ) and κ(λ1, M̃σj ), where M̃σj denotes the balanced Fiedler matrix Mσj , for j = 1, 2, 3, 4, for each of the one hundred degree-10 random polynomials with a cluster of five roots λℓ = 1+2 −52 cos(2π(ℓ−1)/5)+ i 2−52 sin(2π(ℓ−1)/5), for ℓ = 1, . . . , 5, near z = 1, and with the other five roots of the form λℓ = 10 cos θj + i10 sin θℓ, where θℓ is drawn from the uniform distribution on the interval [0, 2π), for ℓ = 6, . . . , 10, and the upper bounds for κ(λ1,Mσj ) in Theorem 6.1, that is bound 1 = n 5/2ρ(p)‖p‖22 κ(λ1, p) and bound 2 = nρ(p)‖p‖2 κ(λ1, p). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3-maximum-and-minimum-ratio-k-l-msi-k-l-c2-in-blue-and-3t2yvn3z.png Fig. 8.3 Maximum and minimum ratio κ(λ,Mσi)/κ(λ, C2), in blue and purple, respectively, for i = 2, 3, 4, for each of the 200 random degree-10 monic polynomials with coefficients of the form ai = ci × 10ei , for i = 0, 1, . . . , 9, where ci and ei are drawn, respectively, from the uniform distributions on the intervals [−1, 1] and [0, 5]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-mean-and-maximum-of-the-decimal-logarithms-log-17strtta.png Table 8.1 Mean and maximum of the decimal logarithms (Log-Mean and Log-Maximum, respectively) of maxλ κ(λ,Mσ)/κ(λ, p), and maximum of the decimal logarithms (LogMaximum) of maxλ κ(λ,Mσ)/κ(λ, C2) and maxλ κ(λ, C2)/κ(λ,Mσ), where λ runs over all nonzero simple roots of p(z), obtained for 1000 random degree-10 polynomials, with coefficients drawn from the uniform distribution on the interval [−10, 10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-7-for-p-z-10-j-1-z-j-and-for-o-10-13-10-12-10-11-we-3lpxx2nf.png Fig. 8.7 For p(z) = ∏10 j=1(z − j) and for ǫ = 10 −13, 10−12, 10−11 we plot, in green, magenta and brown, respectively, the ǫ-pseudozero set Zǫ(p) and, for i = 1, 2, 3, the ǫ-pseudospectra Λ(Mσi). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2-maximum-ratio-maxl-k-l-msi-k-l-p-for-i-1-2-3-4-for-5ncskkui.png Fig. 8.2 Maximum ratio maxλ κ(λ,Mσi)/κ(λ, p), for i = 1, 2, 3, 4, for each of the 20 random degree-10 monic polynomials of each of the 10 samples of random polynomials with coefficients of the form ai = ci × 10ei , for i = 0, 1, . . . , 9, where ci and ei are drawn, respectively, from the uniform distributions on the intervals [−1, 1] and [−k/2,−k/2 + 0.5], for k = 1, 2, . . . , 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2-mean-and-maximum-of-the-decimal-logarithms-log-12q7eij5.png Table 8.2 Mean and maximum of the decimal logarithms (Log-Mean and Log-Maximum, respectively) of maxλ κ(λ,Mσ)/κ(λ, p), and maximum of the decimal logarithms (LogMaximum) of maxλ κ(λ,Mσ)/κ(λ, C2) and maxλ κ(λ, C2)/κ(λ,Mσ), where λ runs over all nonzero simple roots of p(z), obtained for 1000 random degree-10 polynomials, with coefficients of the form ai = c · 10e where c and e are drawn from the uniform distributions on the intervals [−1, 1] and [−10,−8], respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3-for-the-monic-polynomial-with-zeros-in-1-2-10-and-5ssvo9u1.png Fig. 7.3 For the monic polynomial with zeros in 1, 2, . . . , 10, and for ǫ = 10−16, 10−15, 10−14, we plot in (a) the ǫ−pseudospectra of Mσ with PCIS(σ) = (0, 1, . . . , 1) and in (b) the (ǫ‖Mσ‖2) −1 − level curves of the function φσ(z) defined in (7.4), in green, magenta and brown, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-5-condition-numbers-k-l1-p-and-k-l1-msj-for-j-1-2-3-4-ql288qqn.png Fig. 8.5 Condition numbers κ(λ1, p) and κ(λ1,Mσj ), for j = 1, 2, 3, 4, for each of the one hundred degree-10 random polynomials with a cluster of five roots λj = 1 + 2 −52 cos(2π(j − 1)/5) + i 2−52 sin(2π(j − 1)/5), for j = 1, . . . , 5, near z = 1, and with the other five roots of the form λj = (cos θj + i sin θj)/2, where θj is drawn from the uniform distribution on the interval [0, 2π), for j = 6, . . . , 10, and the upper bounds for κ(λ1,Mσj ) in Theorem 6.1, that is, bound 1 = n5/2ρ(p)‖p‖22 κ(λ1, p) and bound 2 = nρ(p)‖p‖2 κ(λ1, p). https://scispace.com/papers/elastic-deformations-in-field-cooled-vortex-lattices-in-49g4mj4l65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-ellipsoidal-surface-of-constant-3i9wazyc.png FIG. 1. A sketch of the ellipsoidal surface of constant amplitu of the displacement correlator^u2(r ,z)&5const. Cross sections o the ellipsoid atz50 andz5d can be probed with the results of th double-sided decoration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-displacement-correlation-functions-u-r-z-2-u-00-2-2n3t0y1k.png FIG. 4. Displacement correlation functions^@u~r ,z!2 u~0,0!] 2& calculated for a defect-free piece~349 points! of the vortex grain seen in the middle of the pattern in Fig. 2, in-plane (z50) and across the sample thickness (z5d). The lines are guides for the eye. Du2 signifies the longitudinal wandering of the vortex line across the sample thicknessd; the values ofu0 2, R0, andRd used in estimating the ratioc66/c44 are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-result-of-double-sided-decoration-on-nbse2-at-5-0-mt-15tr6rmi.png FIG. 3. Result of double-sided decoration on NbSe2 at 5.0 mT. The best match of the two patterns obtained after sequential m mization of the rms displacement^ur ~L!2r ~0! u2&1/2 with respect to rotation and translation is shown. The resulting minimal rms d placement is approximately 0.165 of the lattice parameter indica long-range order along the field direction. The outlined part of lattice ~excluding the encircled part, containing an interstitial! without defects was used for the numerical analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/elastic-properties-of-photoswitchable-azobenzene-polymers-1t17irbocq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wlc-parameters-of-all-trans-polymers-obtained-from-n2r14v0o.png Table 1: WLC parameters of all-trans polymers obtained from experiment and from our force-probe MD simulations.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-syn-anti-conformational-switching-of-lysine-amino-2hcwiv85.png Figure 3. Syn–anti conformational switching of lysine amino acids. a) Sketch of the all-cis (top), mixed (middle), and all-trans polymers (bottom). Azobenzene units in the cis conformation are shown as yellow circles, those in the trans conformation as turquoise rectangles. b, c) Exemplarily, the backbone dihedral angles Y of Lys7 in the all-cis and all-trans polymers are plotted as a function of the applied force. Averages of Y were calculated with a 50-pN window. Error bars represent the errors of the mean and are also typical for the data shown in panel (d). d) Extended anti and compact syn lysine conformations interconvert by rotation about the backbone dihedral angle Y (right). Averaged Y angles of all individual lysine monomers are plotted as a function of the applied force for the all-cis (blue), all-trans (red), and mixed polymers (black) for Lys4 (solid), Lys7 (dash-dotted), and Lys10 (dashed line). All forces were obtained at a pulling velocity of 0.1 nmns 1. The areas shaded in gray indicate the extended anti and the more compact syn conformations. Lys1 is directly attached to the harmonic pulling potential (see Figure 1d) and was therefore excluded from the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-force-probe-md-force-extension-curves-obtained-at-a-11i3oktu.png Figure 4. Force-probe MD force-extension curves obtained at a pulling velocity of 0.5 nmns 1 for the (Pro-Azo-Pro)4 polymer. a) Curves of the whole all-cis (blue), all-trans (red), and mixed cis–trans–cis–trans polymers (black). Smooth lines describe the WLC fits. The extension difference between the cis and trans polymers is 1.70 H/unit at 200 pN (dashed green line). b) Force-extension curves of individual azobenzene units and of proline residues (inset). The smooth lines represent 20000-point averages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-photochromic-azobenzene-can-be-switched-between-a-32zj1i8y.png Figure 1. a) Photochromic azobenzene can be switched between a compact cis and an extended trans conformation. b) A polyazobenzene peptide composed of Lys-Azo-Gly azotripeptide units. c) Sketch of the AFM experiment which motivated the study described herein.[22, 23] The azobenzene polymer was attached to the AFM tip through a cysteine linker (top) and mounted to an amino-functionalized surface (bottom); adapted with permission from the authors of ref. [22]. TIR= total internal reflection. d) Space-filling representation of the alltrans conformation of the model polymer used for the force-probe MD simulations. To mimic the AFM experiments, a harmonic spring was attached to the N terminus (top) and pulled upwards with a constant velocity, while the C terminus was kept fixed (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/elastically-induced-coexistence-of-surface-reconstructions-3x1n8l8mkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagrams-of-the-mixed-surface-reconstruction-jhu577hy.png FIG. 2. Schematic diagrams of the mixed surface reconstruction showing the 4 3 adjacent to an 2 2 4 from both the surface top and side bottom views. The circle indicates the cation-cation back bond in the 2 2 4 reconstruction. Ga, dark gray; As, black; Sb, light gray. Some atoms were removed for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-atomic-resolution-stm-image-of-h-1-7-ml-1zix59k6.png FIG. 1. Color online a Atomic resolution STM image of h =1.7 ML Sb /GaAs grown at T=525 °C and imaged at −4.3 V and 100 pA. Areas of 2 2 4 and 4 3 are labeled. b Height profile of the line in a with 2 2 4 and 4 3 domains labeled. c Filled state image and d empty state image of h=0.8 ML Sb /GaAs grown at T=525 °C, taken at Vbias= 3.2 V and 100 pA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-phase-diagram-of-gasb-at-the-a-gasb-and-b-3bi3sph3.png FIG. 3. Color online Phase diagram of GaSb at the a GaSb and b GaAs lattice parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/elasticity-fluctuations-and-vortex-pinning-in-ferromagnetic-57lo2esmxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-plot-of-the-function-fdx-fx-with-its-zeros-fdx-fx-0-117vtazi.png FIG. 4. A plot of the function (FD�x�−F��x�), with its zeros, (FD�x�−F��x�)=0 at x1=−4/5 and x2 �−0.03272 determining the fixed-point solutions for the Lamé coefficients ratio, x*=� * /�*. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-nonlinear-and-universal-power-law-bh-scaling-which-9gsu5w8o.png FIG. 1. The nonlinear and universal power-law B�H� scaling, which at weakest fields H�Hcr and strongest fields H�HNL is cut �NLoff by the crystal symmetry breaking anisotropy and , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-square-spontaneous-vortex-with-an-extra-row-of-flux-2gc7xfb0.png FIG. 5. A square spontaneous vortex with an extra row of flux lines introduced from the right, along the x axis. The core of the dislocation comes out of the page. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-renormalization-group-flow-of-the-ratio-of-the-lame-2sf0n7l4.png FIG. 3. Renormalization group flow of the ratio of the Lamé coefficients x= � /�. The fixed point at x2=−0.033 controls the long-scale properties �anomalous elasticity and associated phenom enology� of the pinned spontaneous vortex solid. The critical point at x1=−4/5 controls the mechanical instability of the spontaneous vortex solid. https://scispace.com/papers/elasto-multi-body-dynamics-of-a-multicylinder-internal-4eksugahsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-clutch-whoop-phenomenon-24orh7ud.png Fig. 10 Clutch whoop phenomenon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-to-and-fro-motion-of-the-ywheel-nodding-motion-2lv03l3v.png Fig. 8 To and fro motion of the ywheel (nodding motion) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-measured-ywheel-nodding-motion-1t5q5xgx.png Fig. 9 Measured ywheel ‘‘nodding’’ motion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-engine-and-clutch-system-multi-body-model-3i9mvbeh.png Fig. 2 Engine and clutch system multi-body model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequency-composition-of-torsional-vibration-2urdxbff.png Fig. 5 Frequency composition of torsional vibration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spreading-of-the-crank-webs-fig-7-torsion-de-ection-19tbv14j.png Fig. 6 Spreading of the crank webs Fig. 7 Torsion–de ection oscillations of the ywheel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-flywheel-impact-force-during-clutch-actuation-s8emv95x.png Fig. 14 Flywheel impact force during clutch actuation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-clutch-vibration-spectrum-with-the-in-cycle-response-2fmjjqpo.png Fig. 15 Clutch vibration spectrum, with the in-cycle response https://scispace.com/papers/eleana-near-surface-heater-experiment-final-report-27cjvc23qs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-cross-section-of-heater-emplacement-29yhpn0f.png Figure 6. Schematic Cross Section of Heater-Emplacement Geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-apl-arent-water-eneration-rates-as-a-function-of-3oxf2n75.png Figure 26. Apl?arent Water-<;;eneration Rates as a Function of Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-calculated-radius-of-the-zone-of-tensile-2pkkgsvb.png Figure 14. Calculated Radius of the Zone of Tensile Fracturing as a Function of Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-calculated-zones-of-tensile-fracturing-at-5-42-and-363mmoau.png Figure 13. Calculated Zones of Tensile Fracturing at 5, 42, and. 250 Days https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-x-ray-powder-diffraction-results-posttest-samp-e-s-3pipbyoo.png Figure 28. X-Ray Powder Diffraction Results, Posttest Samp!e S 1 b-77 .!l-78.0 (The curve is normalized to the quartz peak at 4.26 A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-x-ray-powder-diffraction-results-posttest-sa-ple-3575basq.png Figure 27. X-Ray Powder Diffraction Results, Posttest Sa~ple Sla-75.7 (The curve is normalized to the quartz peak at 4.26 A) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trace-element-analyses-of-argillc-ceous-rocks-ppm-26060gvx.png Table 3. Trace-Element Analyses of Argillc:ceous Rocks (ppm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-measured-and-modeled-thermal-conductivities-of-a6o52veu.png Table 7. Measured and Modeled Thermal Conductivities of Eleana Argillite (WI m 0 C) https://scispace.com/papers/electric-field-induced-submicrosecond-resistive-switching-g8tyc6ive1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reversible-change-and-frequency-dependence-log10-f-in-33zlky5g.png FIG. 4. Reversible change and frequency dependence log10 F in a linear scale of interfacial resistance due to annealing. Closed circles denote an O2 annealed sample, closed squares denote Ar annealed sample, and open triangles denote O2 reannealed sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-dependence-log10-f-in-a-linear-scale-of-2itotcrk.png FIG. 3. Frequency dependence log10 F in a linear scale of interfacial a resistance R and b capacitance C at zero bias for HRS closed squares and LRS open squares . Inset: variation in Rac under dc bias Vdc for HRS in PCMO-Ag interface. Closed squares f =500 Hz and open squares f =5 MHz are below and above the threshold frequency th=1 MHz , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-three-lead-configurations-used-to-1koy9scv.png FIG. 1. A schematic of the three-lead configurations used to measure the interfacial resistance and capacitance in the Ag-PCMO interface. HV pulses are first applied to induce a switch. Immediately after, a small measurement current i is applied while the voltage drop v is measured between the second lead and a reference electrode, thereby measuring the interfacial resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-v-log10-i-log10-v-for-pcmo-ag-interface-showing-sclc-blnt1ksd.png FIG. 2. I-V log10 I–log10 V for PCMO-Ag interface showing SCLC. Open circles denote the HRS, whereas open squares denote the LRS. The lines above 0.2 V are the power-law fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dc-quasistatic-slow-switch-in-pcmo-ag-interface-the-1tugi0go.png FIG. 5. a dc quasistatic slow switch in PCMO-Ag interface. The data are obtained by applying a 2 s voltage pulse followed by a resistance measurement and then repeating the process as voltage is ramped up. It should be noted that this is not an I-V curve. b Frequency dependence log10 F in a linear scale of interfacial a resistance R and b capacitance C of the high open squares and low closed squares resistance states established from the quasistatic sweep. https://scispace.com/papers/electric-field-controlled-magnetization-in-bilayered-19ohzemw3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-not-to-scale-of-65-nm-cofe-24-nm-metglas-1w0hmipk.png FIG. 1. A schematic (not to scale) of 65 nm CoFe/24 nm metglas/400 lm (001) PMN-PT heterostructure. Magnetic properties were measured by MOKE system. Magnetic field (H) was fixed and applied in plane, while the E was applied through the thickness. The sample was measured with rotating within 360 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-electrical-dependence-of-the-mr-ms-a-and-hk-b-along-am1n9wpt.png FIG. 5. Electrical dependence of the Mr/Ms (a) and Hk (b) along [010] with different E sweeping directions in 65 nm CoFe/24 nm Metglas/(001) PMNPT heterostructure. The arrows indicate the direction of the E-field sweeping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-electrical-dependence-of-the-mr-ms-along-100-with-qhrbl6or.png FIG. 6. Electrical dependence of the Mr/Ms along [100] with different E-field sweeping directions in 65 nm CoFe/24 nm Metglas/(001) PMN-PT heterostructure. Those along [010] also were plotted together for the comparison. The arrows indicate the direction of the E-field sweeping: (a) from 6 kV/cm to þ6 kV/cm and (b) from þ6 kV/cm to 6 kV/cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-hysteresis-loop-of-mr-as-a-function-of-the-applied-e-26mbk79t.png FIG. 7. A hysteresis loop of MR as a function of the applied E with magnetization change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electric-field-dependence-of-magnetic-hysteresis-loops-6203bwe1.png FIG. 3. Electric-field dependence of magnetic hysteresis loops in 65 nm CoFe/24 nm Metglas/(001) PMN-PT heterostructure (a) and (b), in 65 nm CoFe/24 nm Metglas/(011) PMN-PT heterostructure (d) and in 30 nm CoFe/ 12 nm Metglas/(011) PMN-PT heterostructure (e) and (f). The variation of effective saturation magnetostriction constants (k) with Metglas thickness (x) (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-sectional-bright-field-tem-image-a-and-hrtem-3mxq9sfn.png FIG. 2. Cross-sectional bright field TEM image (a) and HRTEM images (b) and (c) of the CoFe/Metglas/PMNPT heterostructure. The SAED pattern (d) of CoFe film. https://scispace.com/papers/electrical-and-photoelectrical-characteristics-of-s-si-3faz9atwyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependences-of-uoc-and-jsc-on-the-pore-size-in-silicon-1hna6y3m.png Fig. 3. Dependences of Uoc and Jsc on the pore size in silicon (а) and spectral distribution of photocurrent in c-Si/PS/CdS heterojunctions (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-v-characteristics-of-c-si-ps-cds-heterojunctions-37h8pir6.png Fig. 2. I–V characteristics of c-Si/PS/CdS heterojunctions directly after deposition (a) and after annealing in vacuum at 70°C (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-22onjs1s.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-338f072h.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/electrically-stimulated-rapid-gene-expression-in-the-brain-3og9tsqr8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effect-of-a-smgle-ecs-on-odc-enzyme-act1v1ty-odc-m3mb9fm2.png Fig 1 The effect of a smgle ECS on ODC enzyme act1V1ty ODC was determined by the measurement of evolved 14C02 from [ 14C]ormthme The temporal profile of the mean ODC enzyme act1v1ty (±SE M) followmg ECS from 3 to 4 determmat10ns 1s shown * Values differ s1gmficantly from basal levels (P < 0 05) usmg a two-tailed t-test, following analysis of variance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-odc-and-c-fos-gene-express10n-m-response-to-electncal-1cqig8ms.png Fig 3 ODC and c-fos gene express10n m response to electncal !.tlmulat10n A temporal plot of the mean ODC and c-fos mRNA content (±SE M) followmg ECS 1s shown Values shown are from 4 to 6 determmat1ons, each cons1stmg of pooled RNA from 2 animals The broken lme md1cates the basal levels of both mRNA specie~ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-a-smgle-ecs-on-odc-mrna-and-p-actin-mrna-18h6d6ki.png Fig. 2 The effect of a smgle ECS on ODC mRNA and P-actin mRNA Total RNA was isolated fractionated on agarose gels and transferred onto mtrocellulose filter paper Filters were then probed with 32P-mck-translated cDNAs for both ODC and /J-actm The hybridized filters were exposed to X-ray film for 1 week Control (C) ODC and /J-actm mRNA levels are compared to ECS (E)-treated rats, 5 h post-ECS The position of the ribosomal RNA bands 1s shown on the vertical axis as determmed by eth1dmm bromide stammg of the agarose gels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-modulation-of-ecs-mduced-odc-enzyme-activity-by-11q6v9l4.png Fig 5 The modulation of ECS-mduced ODC enzyme activity by adrenalectomy and MK-801. Shock was applied to normal, adrenalectom1zed and sham-operated male rats as described in the methods section. Some ammals were in1ected interperitoneally with MK-801 (1 mg/kg) 15 min pnor to the admimstration of ECS Animals were sacrificed 5 h later and theu neocortical ODC enzyme activity was assayed. Values shown are for the mean ± S E.M. from 6 to 8 determinations. • Value differs s1gmficantly from basal levels (P < 0.001): • S1gmf1cant difference between ECS only and MK-801-pretreated groups (P < 0.01) Student's two-tailed t-test was used, after analysis of vanance. https://scispace.com/papers/electrodeposited-cu2o-doped-with-cl-electrical-and-optical-r3qxswoj0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photoluminescence-spectra-of-cu2o-thin-films-a-undoped-3iqamt4i.png FIG. 7. Photoluminescence spectra of Cu2O thin films: (a) undoped, and with 0.01 M and 0.1 M CuCl2 in the solution. (b) Photoluminescence spectra of Cu2O thin films with 0.1 M CuCl2 in the solution as a function of temperature. The temperature profiles of peak intensities of samples: (c) undoped, and with (d) 0.01 M and (e) 0.1 M CuCl2 in the solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-diagram-of-formation-energy-vs-ph-each-line-xg5qmrv2.png FIG. 8. (a) Diagram of formation energy vs. pH, each line represents one type of defect/dopant. (b) Graph of the formation energy vs. Fermi energy for the calculated defects/dopants, the dots stand for the transition levels inside of the bandgap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-large-3-mm2-and-b-small-0-5-mm2-area-contacts-for-mmn8d0s8.png FIG. 1. (a) Large (3 mm2) and (b) small (0.5 mm2) area contacts for measuring the electrical resistivity of the Cu2O layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-partial-and-total-densities-of-states-calculated-for-12o4tzxo.png FIG. 9. Partial and total densities of states calculated for different defect/ dopant conformations: (a) for a copper vacancy, (b) for an oxygen vacancy, (c) for a chlorine in an oxygen site and (d) for a coupled Cu vacancy and a chlorine substituting an oxygen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resistivity-of-cu2o-layers-as-a-function-of-6swd0fi4.png FIG. 4. Resistivity of Cu2O layers as a function of temperature for 0.6 and 1.2 at. % of Cl and for the undoped sample at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sem-top-view-image-of-a-film-with-pinholes-b-2kgmy1fg.png FIG. 3. (a) SEM top-view image of a film with pinholes. (b) Magnification of the area delimitated by the dashed square in (a) showing a pinhole with a diameter of 40 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-resistivity-vs-temperature-for-two-different-contact-3j6e9gxs.png FIG. 2. Resistivity vs. temperature for two different contact areas for a Cu2O sample with 0.1 M CuCl2 and 600 nm thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-refractive-index-vs-wavelength-for-cu2o-films-with-2lc26fth.png FIG. 5. Refractive index vs. wavelength for Cu2O films with different thicknesses deposited with (a) 0.01 and (b) 0.1 M CuCl2. (c) Refraction index at k ¼ 1500 nm vs. thickness of Cu2O doped and undoped films. https://scispace.com/papers/electroless-nickel-and-ion-plated-protective-coatings-for-3eip149mpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-darkfield-micrograph-of-standard-silver-copper-2ommxfmq.png FIGURE 9. Darkfield Micrograph of Standard Silver/Copper, Electroless Nickel Backed Mirrors Stressed at BoaC in a Dry Envi ro nment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spectral-hemispherical-reflectivity-of-manufacture-3lnf3vi1.png FIGURE 11. Spectral Hemispherical Reflectivity of Manufacture C Mirror prior to Accelerated Environmental Exposure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-after-stress-before-stress-reflectivity-ratio-1elglvh8.png FIGURE 15. After Stress/Before Stress: Reflectivity Ratio Curve for the ITW Aluminum Backed Mirrors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-after-stress-before-stress-reflectivity-ratio-1bwl5c2c.png FIGURE 14. After Stress/Before Stress: Reflectivity Ratio Curve for Electroless Nickel Overcoated Mirror https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-after-stress-before-stress-reflectivity-ratio-3n03a6ya.png FIGURE 16. After Stress/Before Stress: Reflectivity Ratio Curve for the ITW Chromium Backed Mirror https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-darkfield-micrographs-of-manufacture-b-standard-3528opr3.png FIGURE 2. Darkfield Micrographs of Manufacture B Standard Mirrors Stressed for 336 Hours in BO°C Dry and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-wa-t-er-vapor-exposure-test-fixture-shown-3axvwd0o.png FIGURE 1. The Wa t er Vapor Exposure Test Fixture Shown Broken Down (a) and Assembled with Mirror Coupons in Place (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-darkfield-micrographs-of-standard-silver-copper-i85k2q5z.png FIGURE 10. Darkfield Micrographs of Standard Silver/Copper, Electroless Nickel Backed Mirrors Stressed at https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemistry-at-highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite-hopg-19ycsig2ne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-x-4-um-afm-images-of-a-am-b-zyb-and-c-spi-3-grade-2z19b5lp.png Figure 4. 4 × 4 µm AFM images of (a) AM, (b) ZYB and (c) SPI-3 grade HOPG surfaces. Note the difference in height scales for (a), (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cyclic-voltammograms-for-the-reduction-of-0-25-mm-2k8o9xlc.png Figure 5. Cyclic voltammograms for the reduction of 0.25 mM IrCl6 2- on freshly cleaved (a) AM and (b) SPI-3 HOPG, respectively, with 1 M KCl as the supporting electrolyte, recorded at a scan rate of 10 V s-1. The numbers indicated are the peak-to-peak separation values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cyclic-voltammograms-for-the-reduction-of-0-25-mm-2ugzavpu.png Figure 6. Cyclic voltammograms for the reduction of 0.25 mM Ru(NH3)6 3+ on freshly cleaved (a) AM and (b) ZYB HOPG, with 1 M KCl as the supporting electrolyte. Scan rates: 1 (smallest current), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 (biggest current) V s-1. The ΔEp values stated are the peak-to-peak separations at 10 V s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-peak-to-peak-separation-dep-and-kinetic-1a571b4z.png Figure 7. Plot of peak-to-peak separation, ΔEp, and kinetic parameter ψ versus the reciprocal of the square root of the scan rate (v-1/2) for a solution containing 0.25 mM Ru(NH3)6 3+, with a supporting electrolyte of 1 M KCl. The data shown here were obtained on freshly cleaved AM HOPG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-typical-cyclic-voltammograms-for-the-oxidation-of-0-20smfmvu.png Figure 8. Typical cyclic voltammograms for the oxidation of 0.25 mM Fe(CN)6 4- in 1 M KCl on freshly cleaved (a) AM and (b) SPI-3 HOPG, respectively. Scan rates: 1 (smallest current), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 (biggest current) V s-1. The numbers indicated are the peak-to-peak separations at 10 V s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plot-of-peak-to-peak-separation-dep-and-kinetic-1dxw2yti.png Figure 9. Plot of peak-to-peak separation, ΔEp, and kinetic parameter ψ versus the reciprocal of the square root of the scan rate (v-1/2) for a solution containing 0.25 mM Fe(CN)6 4-, with a supporting electrolyte of 1 M KCl, respectively. The data shown here were obtained on freshly cleaved AM HOPG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ohmic-loss-of-potential-and-respective-uncompensated-31b5bske.png Table 1. Ohmic loss of potential and respective uncompensated resistance at different positions of CE and RE, for a current of 120 µA passing through the cell geometry shown in Figure 1, with 0.1 M KCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-droplet-cell-setup-we-working-d9pbczcw.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the droplet-cell setup: WE-working electrode; CE-counter electrode; RE-reference electrode. (b) Simulation of the electric potential distribution inside the droplet-cell (radius r = 0.26 cm and height h = 0.16 cm, volume = 20 μL). A point-size RE probe was placed at three different positions indicated with dots: r/2, h/2 (1); r/4, 3h/4 (2); r/8, 7h/8 (3), and the CE was immersed by h/20 (I) and h/4 (II). Distribution of equipotential https://scispace.com/papers/electromagnetic-field-in-the-upper-ionosphere-from-elf-3c360thh90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-vertical-projection-of-the-demeter-orbit-for-3e7t2t3q.png Figure 1. The vertical projection of the DEMETER orbit for the events 6 March 2009, 8 December 2007, and 28 November 2004. The locations of ZEVS and ground magnetometers are marked. Solid isolines denote the geomagnetic coordinates, and dotted isolines denote the geographic coordinates. Gray lines near the orbits indicate the intervals of the narrowband 82-Hz emission occurrence in satellite instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fourier-power-spectra-of-ex-and-by-components-for-1j4b7qh3.png Figure 4. Fourier power spectra of Ex and By components for the event of 6 March 2009, recorded by DEMETER satellite during time interval 19.07.30–19.09.00 UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-power-spectra-of-ex-and-by-components-for-the-event-33sh70kc.png Figure 9. Power spectra of Ex and By components for the event of 28 November 2004 during time interval 09.10.00–09.10.20 UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-altitudinal-profile-of-the-emission-magnitude-1ru4sk2h.png Figure 13. The altitudinal profile of the emission magnitude in |Bx(z)| component (upper panel), ellipticity (signed ratio between small and large axes of the polarization ellipse) 𝜅(z) (middle panel), and imaginary part of the field-aligned wave vector kz(z) of RH-polarized mode (solid lines) and LH-polarized mode (dashed lines), generated by a ground line current oscillator at f = 82 Hz during nighttime 19 UT on 2007/12/08 (black lines). The gray lines correspond to daytime conditions (07 UT) on the same day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-same-format-of-spectrogram-as-in-figure-3-but-3b1rcmf3.png Figure 5. The same format of spectrogram as in Figure 3 but for the event of 8 December 2007, 1844–1845 UT for Ey and Bx components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-same-format-of-sonogram-as-in-figure-3-but-for-17w6bo3u.png Figure 8. The same format of sonogram as in Figure 3 but for the event of 28 November 2004, 0910–0911 UT for Ex and By components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-altitudinal-profile-the-same-nighttime-elpttoej.png Figure 12. The altitudinal profile (the same nighttime conditions as in Figure 11) of electric component magnitude|Ex(z)| and |Ey(z)| of electromagnetic emission generated by a ground 82-Hz transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-altitudinal-profile-nighttime-conditions-19-ut-m9g3omr2.png Figure 11. The altitudinal profile (nighttime conditions: 19 UT on 8 December 2007) of magnetic component magnitude |Bx(z)| and |By(z)| of electromagnetic emission generated by a ground line current oscillating at f = 82 Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-beam-cooling-in-intense-focussed-laser-pulses-24j4w38clz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-example-trajectories-for-electrons-1fnx2ajs.png Figure 3. (Colour online.) Example trajectories for electrons with initial γ0 = 500 colliding with a circularly-polarised laser with intensity a0 = 200 (I = 8.6× 1022 W/cm2) at initial angle (top left) 0◦; (top right) 30◦; (bottom left) 60◦; and (bottom right) 90◦. Dashed line indicates motion in a straight line, while grey shows the path of an electron follwing just the Lorentz force. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colour-online-gaussian-laser-beam-with-waist-w0-1-12h6y1yh.png Figure 2. (Colour online.) Gaussian laser beam with waist w0 = 1 µm (propagating in −ζ direction) before (left), during (centre) and after (right) the interaction with an electron bunch (moving in +ζ direction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-colour-online-part-a-transverse-and-longitudinal-7dybrd8q.png Figure 1. (Colour online.) Part (a): transverse and longitudinal beam cooling for the semi-classical model compared to that for the classical Landau–Lifshitz prediction. Part (b): comparison of longitudinal and transverse beam cooling for the semi-classical model as the system becomes more quantum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-online-final-electrons-comparison-of-oxifpdox.png Figure 4. (Colour online.) Final electrons: Comparison of deviation angle ∆θ = θf − θi and final energy γf . https://scispace.com/papers/electron-cloud-observations-and-cures-in-rhic-1tklodo4xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-machine-and-beam-dammeters-relevant-to-electron-26tux5es.png Table 1: Main machine and beam Dammeters relevant to electron clouds for all species m d h a s operated with [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-interaction-with-dimethyl-disulfide-in-the-low-and-3ac3wurxyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-in-fig-1-but-at-a-100-ev-and-b-200-ev-253hsm4s.png FIG. 3. Same as in Fig. 1 but at (a) 100 eV and (b) 200 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-in-fig-1-but-at-a-30-ev-and-b-50-ev-xzxinhbt.png FIG. 2. Same as in Fig. 1 but at (a) 30 eV and (b) 50 eV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dcs-for-elastic-e-dimethyl-disulfide-scattering-at-a-28yff37b.png FIG. 1. DCS for elastic e−–dimethyl disulfide scattering at (a) 10 eV and (b) 20 eV. Full curve, present MCOP results; dash-dotted curve, present IAM results; full circles, present experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-dcs-in-10-16-cm2-sr-ics-and-mtcs-in-10-123ewgd6.png TABLE I. Experimental DCS (in 10−16 cm2/sr), ICS and MTCS (in 10−16 cm2) for elastic e−dimethyl disulfide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-ics-and-b-mtcs-for-elastic-e-dimethyl-disulfide-2zila0q3.png FIG. 5. (a) ICS and (b) MTCS for elastic e−–dimethyl disulfide scattering. Full curve, present calculated data using the MCOP; dash-dotted curve, present calculated data using the IAM-AR; dashed curve, MSCOP ICS of Kaur et al. [6]; dotted curve, SMC ICS of Santos et al. [5]; shortdashed curve, ET spectrum of Dezarnaud-Dandine et al. [3] scaled by a factor of hundred; full circles, present experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-in-fig-1-but-at-a-300-ev-and-b-500-ev-3g6dxqf6.png FIG. 4. Same as in Fig. 1 but at (a) 300 eV and (b) 500 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-hydrodynamics-dilemma-whirlpools-or-no-whirlpools-3eym5daczh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-critical-vorticity-diffusion-length-d-lf-x-in-297g86sc.png FIG. 4. The critical vorticity diffusion length D∗LF(x̄) (in units of W ) defined in Eq. (33) is plotted as a function of x̄/W . For x̄ W , D∗LF(x̄) → W/( √ 2π ) (horizontal dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-quantity-jy-x-0-in-units-of-i-w-calculated-from-eq-2et1suu7.png FIG. 5. The quantity Jy(x,0) (in units of I/W ), calculated from Eq. (27), is plotted as a function of x/W . The solid line refers to Dν = 0.15W , the dashed line to Dν = 0.25W , and the dash-dotted line to Dν = 10W . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nonlocal-transport-in-the-lf-geometry-fig-1-b-the-2cmkiuaz.png FIG. 6. Nonlocal transport in the LF geometry—Fig. 1(b). The color map denotes the spatial distribution of the 2D electric potential φ(r) (in units of φ0 = 100I/σ0). The vector field denotes the charge current density J(r). Panel (a): Dν = 0.20W . Panel (b): Dν = 0.25W . Panel (c): Dν = W . We clearly see current whirlpools in panels (b) and (c) because both values of Dν that have been used to make these two plots are above the threshold value Dν = W/( √ 2π ) 0.225W . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-nonlocal-transport-setups-analyzed-in-3ixb5fp6.png FIG. 1. A sketch of the nonlocal transport setups analyzed in this work. Both conductive channels (gray-shaded areas) in panels (a) and (b) have infinite length in the x̂ direction and finite width W in the ŷ direction. The setup in panel (c) consists in a half plane with a single edge located at y = 0. Panel (a) illustrates the “vicinity” geometry [21,34]. In this setup, current is injected into (extracted from) the green electrode located at x = 0 (x = x0 < 0) and y = −W/2. The nonlocal “vicinity” resistance is defined by RV ≡ [φ(x̄,−W/2) − φ(x̄ + d,−W/2)]/I , where I is the injected current and φ(x,y) is the 2D electrostatic potential. For all practical purposes, we can take the limits |x0|,d → +∞, which considerably simplify the final mathematical expression forRV. Panel (b) illustrates the LF geometry [22]. In this setup, current is injected into (extracted from) the green electrode located at x = 0, y = −W/2 (x = 0, y = +W/2). The nonlocal signal is defined by RLF = [φ(x̄,−W/2) − φ(x̄,W/2)]/I . Panel (c) illustrates the half-plane geometry. In this geometry, current is injected into a single electrode at the origin. The half-plane nonlocal resistance is defined as RHP = [φ(x̄,0) − φ(x̄ ′,0)]/I . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-quantity-jx-x-w-2-in-units-of-i-w-calculated-from-37jl30md.png FIG. 8. The quantity Jx(x,−W/2) (in units of I/W ), calculated from Eq. (40), is plotted as a function of x/W . The solid line refers to Dν = 0.05W , the dashed line to Dν = 0.15W , and the dash-dotted line to Dν = 0.25W . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-critical-vorticity-diffusion-length-d-v-x-in-units-1xcb6sxj.png FIG. 7. The critical vorticity diffusion length D∗V(x̄) (in units of W ) defined in Eq. (43) is plotted as a function of x̄/W . For x̄ W , D∗V(x̄) → W/( √ 2π ) (horizontal dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-nonlocal-transport-in-the-vicinity-geometry-fig-1-a-2c9hpsh0.png FIG. 9. Nonlocal transport in the vicinity geometry—Fig. 1(a). The color map denotes the spatial distribution of the 2D electric potential φ(r) (in units of φ0 = 100I/σ0). The vector field denotes the charge current density J(r). Data in this plot refer to the spatial region x > 0 in Fig. 1(a). Panel (a): Dν = 0.15W . Panel (b): Dν = 0.25W . While backflow is present in both panels, the precise value of Dν sets the spatial extension of current whirlpools. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nonlocal-transport-in-a-viscous-2d-electron-system-hvlg8dli.png FIG. 3. Nonlocal transport in a viscous 2D electron system confined to a half-plane geometry, as in Fig. 1(c). The color map shows the 2D electric potential φ(r) (in units of φ0 = 100I/σ0). The vector field represents the 2D charge current profile J(r). Notice the absence of current whirlpools in this geometry. Asymptotically near the injector, we find J(r) → 2I sin2(θ )r/(πr2), where θ is the polar angle of r . This result does not depend on the boundary conditions that are used to solve the problem, free-surface (this work and Refs. [21,34]) versus no-slip [22] boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-microscopic-autoradiographic-study-of-rna-synthesis-8yfqv81zgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-abscissa-cm-travelled-and-slice-number-ordinate-left-387mtfjy.png Fig. 1. Abscissa: cm travelled and slice number; ordinate: (left) ODds6; (right) dpm x lo-“. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-stimulated-carbon-adsorption-in-ultrahigh-vacuum-4lhklhzcdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-carbon-kll-auger-peaks-before-and-after-130-min-k2u4pke2.png Figure 1: Carbon KLL Auger peaks before and after 130 min electron irradiation of TiZrV at a CO pressure of 10-7 mbar. Prior to the electron exposure the TiZrV surface was fully activated and then saturated with 3000 L CO. The EN(E) spectra (left graph) are normalised at the 600 eV background signal and afterwards numerically differentiated (right graph). The peak area is determined after subtraction of a linear background from 200 to 285 eV. The relative increase of the C-KLL intensity by a factor of 2.8 can only be detected from peak area measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-auger-peak-areas-zr-m45n23n23-o-kll-c-kll-as-a-2kv4kdw9.png Figure 2: Auger peak areas (Zr-M45N23N23, O-KLL, C-KLL) as a function of the sample position around the sample spot which was irradiated during 130 min at a CO pressure of 10-7 mbar. The sample is an activated TiZrV NEG, which was saturated with 3000 L CO prior to electron exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-of-the-c-kll-intensity-as-a-function-of-14hgawei.png Figure 8: Variation of the C-KLL intensity as a function of electron dose on a copper substrate at different CO and CO2 pressures. Before the measurements the copper sample has been chemically cleaned and exposed to air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-characteristic-zirconium-and-carbon-peaks-in-the-3on1ojy5.png Figure 7: Characteristic zirconium and carbon peaks in the derivative dEN(E)/dE Auger electron spectra after different e- irradiation times without gas injection (left plot) and during 10-7 mbar CO2 injection (right plot). The Zr-MNV peak at 142 eV is characteristic for Zr in ZrO2 and the peak at 147 eV is characteristic for Zr metal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-the-zr-mnn-c-kll-and-o-kll-intensity-nq3uf1s3.png Figure 5: Variation of the Zr-MNN, C-KLL and O-KLL intensity during alternating electron and CO exposure. During electron irradiation the total pressure is 10-9 mbar. 10 min of electron irradiation correspond to approximately 10-2 C/mm2. The arrows indicate exposures of 1000 L CO (100 s CO injection at 10-5 mbar), which are carried out with the electron beam switched off. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-the-c-kll-and-o-kll-auger-peak-uy31s4eh.png Figure 6: Variation of the C-KLL and O-KLL Auger peak intensities as a function of electron irradiation time at a total pressure ptot = 10 -9 mbar and during simultaneous CO2 injection at 10 –7 mbar. The substrate is a TiZrV coating as received after deposition and 1 h air exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-the-c-kll-intensity-as-a-function-of-bjp2qfld.png Figure 4: Variation of the C-KLL intensity as a function of irradiation time on a TiZrV sample, which was activated and saturated with 3000 L CO. The PE current is 10-6 A and the PE beam area is approximately 0.02 mm2. The total N2 equivalent pressure in the vacuum chamber before CO injection is 10-9 mbar with CO and CO2 partial pressures of about 10 -10 mbar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-direct-en-e-left-plot-and-derivative-den-e-de-auger-199tode3.png Figure 3: Direct EN(E) (left plot) and derivative dEN(E)/dE Auger spectra of a TiZrV thin film, after different electron irradiation times and a simultaneous CO injection at a pressure of 10-7 mbar following an in-situ activation and saturation with 3000 L CO. https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-excitation-of-carbonyl-sulphide-cos-by-high-3hn3a0go6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energy-values-for-the-vibrational-assignments-in-28h67yui.png TABLE II. Energy values for the vibrational assignments in the 1Π (0,ν′2,0) ← X̃1Σ+ (0,0,0) absorption band of COS. (w) means weak structure; (b) a broad feature; (s) indicates a shoulder (the last decimal of the energy value is given in brackets for these less-resolved features). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-energy-values-for-the-vibrational-assignments-in-3e5ieqyd.png TABLE III. Energy values for the vibrational assignments in the 1Σ+ (ν′1,ν ′ 2,0) ← X̃ 1Σ+ (0,0,0) absorption band of COS. (w) means weak structure; (b) a broad feature; (s) indicates a shoulder (the last decimal of the energy value is given in brackets for these less-resolved features). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-energy-values-for-the-vibrational-assignments-in-3npadydf.png TABLE IV. Energy values for the vibrational assignments in the Ẽ 1Π (ν′1,0, ν′3)← X̃ 1Σ+ (0,0,0), and F̃ 1Π (ν′1,ν′2,ν′3) ← X̃ 1Σ+ (0,0,0) absorption bands of COS. (w) means weak structure; (b) a broad feature; (s) indicates a shoulder (the last decimal of the energy value is given in brackets for these less-resolved features). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-integral-cross-sections-10-18-cm2-of-cos-electron-2hxe9aew.png FIG. 8. Integral cross sections (10−18 cm2) of COS electron impact excitation for the (a) (3π→ 10σ)1Π transition; (b) (3π→ 4π)1Σ+ transition; (c) (3π→ 4π)1Σ+ transition (sum). See text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-differential-cross-sections-10-18-cm2-sr-for-1dkbzd7u.png FIG. 9. Differential cross sections (10−18 cm2/sr) for vibrational sum of 1Σ+ transition obtained from present EELS data at an impact energy of 60 eV together with relative DCS of Leclerc et al.17 (normalized to present DCS at 20◦). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-energy-values-for-the-vibrational-assignments-in-9-5-hisbeyuv.png TABLE V. Energy values for the vibrational assignments in 9.5–10.8 eV absorption region of COS. (w) means weak structure; (b) a broad feature (the last decimal of the energy value is given in brackets for these less-resolved features). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vuv-photoabsorption-cross-section-in-the-4-0-11-0-ev-3lv67y2c.png FIG. 1. VUV photoabsorption cross section in the 4.0–11.0 eV absorption band of COS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vuv-photoabsorption-cross-section-in-the-6-5-7-8-ev-2kg7ixtw.png FIG. 3. VUV photoabsorption cross section in the 6.5–7.8 eV absorption band of COS. https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-supplement-analysis-of-multiple-texts-exploring-3rob5pqfcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-keywords-in-top-bottom-btl-comments-36t4ijai.png Table 5: Keywords in top/bottom BTL comments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-of-esa-adapted-from-ohalloran-2010-215-1ee2af8f.png Table 1: Categories of ESA (adapted from O’Halloran, 2010: 215) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-keywords-for-each-article-btl-set-keywords-common-to-3a49k3m1.png Table 3: Keywords for each article/BTL set (keywords common to both sets are italicised) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-location-of-btl-comments-in-relation-to-the-1ocw17g0.png Figure 1: The location of BTL comments in relation to the stimulus article https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-stimulus-articles-2vktzznv.png Table 2: List of stimulus articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-semantic-groupings-of-key-keywords-2jekc04g.png Table 4: Semantic groupings of key-keywords https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-structure-trends-in-the-sr-n-1-ru-n-o-3n-1-family-5eoog420e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-top-xas-experimental-da-open-squares-and-2wfmzn2m.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Top: XAS experimental da (open squares) and LDA results (filled curves) for θinc = 0◦ and 70◦. The energy zero is the absorption threshold (E0); the normalization is the number of atoms per cell. The gray lines show the apical oxygen contribution. Bottom: t2g density of states (states/eV) per Ru site. For Sr4Ru3O10 both central Ru (c) and external Ru (e) contributions are shown. Energy zero is denoted by εF . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xas-spectra-t-115-k-at-the-o-k-edge-for-a-sr2ruo4-b-2htcfzzf.png FIG. 3. XAS spectra (T = 115 K) at the O K edge for (a) Sr2RuO4, (b) Sr2Ru3O7, and (c) Sr4Ru3O10. The spectra are shown for several values of θinc, the angle between c and the incoming x rays. The cleaved surface is perpendicular to the c axis (Fig. 1). A, B, and C label the most relevant features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-left-to-right-crystal-structure-of-pogpxt29.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Left to right: Crystal structure of Sr2RuO4, Sr3Ru2O7, and Sr4Ru3O10.1 The tetragonal (Sr2RuO4) and pseudotetragonal2 (Sr3Ru2O7 and Sr4Ru3O10) axes are indicated by x, y, and z. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-a-cleaved-001-surface-of-1c35koal.png FIG. 2. X-ray-diffraction patterns of a cleaved (001) surface of Sr2RuO4, Sr3Ru2O7, and Sr4Ru3O10 crystals, grown with the fluxfeeding floating-zone method. The spectra show the absence of any spurious phase and all the peaks are indexed as (00l) peaks of the Sr-based Ruddelsden-Popper ruthenates structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sr2ruo4-sr-d-s-and-ru-eg-contributions-to-the-xas-3621t6qw.png FIG. 5. Sr2RuO4: Sr d + s and Ru eg contributions to the XAS intensity (Fig. 4). The dark gray curves show OP XAS (with a 1.3-eV shift) and the light gray curves show OAXAS. E0 = 0. Left: O x and y. Right: O z. https://scispace.com/papers/electronics-personal-dosemeter-epd-n-test-and-evaluation-4zc4mznqt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gamma-neutron-cross-talk-measurement-137cs-3egpun82.png Table 2. Gamma-Neutron cross talk measurement (137Cs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gamma-test-results-for-60co-2ajqfug5.png Table 3. Gamma test results for 60Co https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gamma-measurement-using-137cs-2x2pwh3p.png Table 1. Gamma measurement using 137Cs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-x-ray-measurement-results-321yyrb0.png Table 4. X-ray measurement results https://scispace.com/papers/electrosorption-of-a-modified-electrode-in-the-vicinity-of-p34gtzclcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a0tcw75h.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3rfqqdyk.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3mx14ffl.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2hkjjqwy.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2llegyte.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aridxthv.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7x53j5uf.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-8uph10p0.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/electrophysiological-evidence-of-early-word-learning-4j880ipwkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-grand-average-waveforms-time-locked-to-word-onset-for-3bsfevku.png Fig. 5. Grand average waveforms, time-locked to word onset, for the congruous and incongruous pairings, for the constant (A) and multiple pairings (B), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-erp-for-word-repetition-is-graded-and-becomes-less-dd27xojt.png Fig. 4. The ERP for word repetition is graded and becomes less positive the more often a word is presented. ERPs are here time-locked to the onset of the word, averaged separately for anterior (average of F7, F3, F4, F8, FC5, FC3, FC2, FC6, C3 and C4) and for posterior (average of T7, T8, CP1, CP5, CP2, CP6, P3, P7, P4, P8) electrodes: (A) for the time window 300–600 ms, with error bars reflecting one standard error of the mean. (B) The time course of the word recognition effect, on pooled anterior and pooled posterior electrodes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-the-training-and-test-phase-for-the-2hspp2ms.png Fig. 1. An example of the training and test phase for the block ‘ball’–‘cat’. Half of the infants saw this training phase with constant pairings (same picture six times); others saw this phase with multiple pairings: six different cats and six different balls. Each time a picture was presented, a novel token of a matching word was presented 1 s later, with the picture still on the screen. The test phase always consisted of three novel picture and word exemplars per category, each presented once in a congruous and once in a incongruous pairing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-20-nouns-used-in-the-experiment-split-by-block-1ga0qkjv.png Table 1 The 20 nouns used in the experiment, split by block. Per block, two words were cont transcription in Dutch, category membership (domain) and the mean average ratings o visual familiarity as how often their child would see each semantic category in real life rated word comprehension on a scale from 1 (not)–5 (well), with 3 as ‘maybe’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-significant-correlation-between-the-size-of-the-2f4iwjh8.png Fig. 6. A significant correlation between the size of the Congruency effect (incongruous–congruous) over posterior electrodes at the X-axis, and number of items (words and typical utterances) understood at nine months, at the Y-axis. This is still significant when excluding the outlier at ( 4,193; 187): r¼ .51, p¼028. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grand-average-waveforms-time-locked-to-word-onset-for-ztkj73bf.png Fig. 3. Grand average waveforms, time-locked to word onset, for the first and second block of the training phase, for the constant and multiple pairings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grand-average-waveforms-time-locked-to-picture-onset-29o9n221.png Fig. 2. Grand average waveforms, time-locked to picture onset, for the first and second block of the training phase, for the constant and multiple pairings. (In this and all following ERP figures, electrodes are arrayed for most anterior (top) to most posterior (bottom), and from left to right as they were positioned on the scalp; negativity is plotted upwards; an 8 Hz. low-pass filter has been applied for illustrative purposes only). https://scispace.com/papers/electrospray-micromixer-chip-for-on-line-derivatization-and-tz4i0l0rcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-on-line-chemical-derivatization-of-cysteinyl-13lwhb3c.png Figure 6. On-line chemical derivatization of cysteinyl peptides of a BSA digest. Parts A and B represent the base peak chromatograms of the LC-MS analysis of the BSA digest with a microchip infused by a solution containing or not containing the BQ reagent ([BQ]0 ) 50 mM), respectively. The mass spectra were integrated over 1 min on both chromatograms at the same elution time. Parts C and D present the integrated mass spectra in the absence or presence of BQ, respectively. Sequences of the cysteinyl identified peptides: [M + H]+ ) 1388.3 Da “EYEATLEECCAK”; [M + H]+ ) 1823.5 Da “RPCFSALTPDETYVPK”. The main microchannel was connected to the HPLC flow outlet (4 µL min-1). The solution provided by the liquid junction (without or with BQ) was kept at 1 µL min-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electrospray-microchip-with-a-mixing-unit-a-2v4ifux4.png Figure 1. Electrospray microchip with a mixing unit. (A) Schematic representation of the device. (B) Microscopic view of the single and double grooves composing the mixing unit (top view). Typical dimensions of a single groove, 40 × 100 × 35 µm3; double groove, 70 × 100 × 35 µm3. The main and secondary microchannels are 6 and 2 cm long, respectively. The mixing unit is positioned at 3.5 cm from the main microchannel inlet. Grooves are photoablated on a 1.5 cm distance and are spaced by either 250 or 500 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fluorescence-distribution-along-the-microchannel-a-1v705lab.png Figure 2. Fluorescence distribution along the microchannel (A) without or (B) with a mixing unit integrated to the microchip. When the mixing unit is integrated, single grooves are spaced by 250 µm. Flow rate FV is 4 µL min-1 for the main microchannel and 1 µL min-1 for the liquid junction providing the fluorescein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-abundance-percentage-of-the-intermediary-21h79zfd.png Figure 4. Relative abundance percentage of the intermediary multitagged KCTCCA products as a function of the BQ concentration when using a microchip (A) without or (B) with the mixing unit. In part C are represented the multitagged peptide distributions calculated from an analytical kinetic model for a bulk reaction. The dotted lines are the interpolation of data points to aid visualization. KCTCCA 10 µM was infused from the main microchannel at 4 µL min-1 and BQ from the liquid junction with different concentrations at FV ) 2 µL min-1. The spectra were averaged over 4 min to determine the relative abundance of the tagged peptides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mass-spectra-corresponding-to-the-multitagging-of-1gn0gllm.png Figure 3. Mass spectra corresponding to the multitagging of KCTCCA with BQ in an electrospray microchip with or without the mixing unit. KCTCCA 10 µM was infused from the main microchannel at 4 µL min-1 and 10 mM BQ from the liquid junction at 1 µL min-1. The mass spectra were integrated over 4 min of monitoring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-representation-of-the-gain-when-using-a-microchip-156l9g7d.png Figure 5. Representation of the gain when using a microchip with a mixer compared to without. The gain is calculated as the ratio of the fully tagged KCTCCA relative abundances, obtained with both microchips. KCTCCA 10 µM was infused from the main microchannel at 4 µL min-1 and BQ from the liquid junction with different concentrations from 1 to 2 µL min-1. https://scispace.com/papers/electrospun-polymeric-nanofibrous-composites-containing-tio2-4r07ph9o4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-nanofibrous-composites-with-1-low-1p0o6c78.png Fig. 3. SEM images of nanofibrous composites with (1) low magnification and (2) high magnification: (a1) and (a2) PMMA-NF/TiO2-SNF, (b1) and (b2) PAN-NF/TiO2-SNF, (c1) and (c2) PET-NF/TiO2-SNF and (d1) and (d2) PC-NF/TiO2-SNF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-pattern-of-tio2-snf-38uoud8p.png Fig. 2. XRD pattern of TiO2-SNF. https://scispace.com/papers/electrostatically-directed-visual-fluorescence-response-of-3kofqb4l5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-dna-sequence-of-the-mercury-sensing-dna-and-2n8esn4i.png Figure 1. (A) The DNA sequence of the mercury sensing DNA and fluorescence signal generation for Hg2+ detection (17). Its 5’-end is modified with an acrydite group for hydrogel attachment. The molecular https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-photographs-of-differently-charged-hydrogels-kwya31fh.png Figure 3. (A) Photographs of differently charged hydrogels swelling in water or in buffer A. 5 μM bromophenol blue was included when soaking in water. (B) Swelling ratio (qw) of the three kinds of gels in water and in buffer A. The AMPS and allylamine containing gels were made with 1:1 mixture of these two charged monomers and acrylamide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photographs-of-hydrogels-prepared-with-varying-3fh8a91d.png Figure 5. Photographs of hydrogels prepared with varying allylaime/acrylamide ratios in the presence or absence of 2 μM Hg2+. For example, 30% means the starting monomer contained 30% allylamine and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kinetics-of-fluorescence-change-for-the-three-kinds-tq9an34e.png Figure 4. Kinetics of fluorescence change for the three kinds of gels in the presence and absence of 2 μM Hg2+. (A) acrylamide gel; (B) AMPS/acrylamide gel; and (C) allylamine/acrylamide gel. (D) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fluorescence-spectra-of-6-mm-sg-and-1-mm-dna-in-37sucocg.png Figure 2. (A) Fluorescence spectra of 6 μM SG and 1 μM DNA in the absence and presence of 4 μM Hg2+. There is an emission wavelength shift upon Hg2+ addition, resulting in the fluorescence change from yellow to green. Titration curves of the DNA-based mercury sensor in solution in the presence of varying concentrations of hydrogel monomers of acrylamide (B), allylamine (C) and AMPS (D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hydrogel-mercury-sensor-sensitivity-obtained-using-160awui6.png Figure 6. Hydrogel mercury sensor sensitivity obtained using a digital camera (the top panels) and a gel documentation system (the lower panels) for cationic (20% allylamine) (A), neutral (B) and anionic gels (C). (D) Detection of Hg2+ in Lake Ontario water using the 20% allylamine gels. The numbers on the top of each sample are Hg2+ concentrations in nM. (E) Responses of the sensors quantified using the gel documentation system. Cationic gel: black dots; neutral gel: red triangles; negative gels: blue squares. https://scispace.com/papers/elemental-impurities-in-lipsticks-results-from-a-survey-of-4cy5sqeoif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-results-mg-g-obtained-for-the-th3h1r6l.png Table 1 Summary of the results (μg/g) obtained for the elements prohibited under the European Regulation No. 1223/2009. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-results-mg-g-obtained-for-the-other-2se9a2l2.png Table 3 Summary of the results (μg/g) obtained for the other elements analyzed in lipsticks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-daily-intake-edi-and-relative-intake-index-3h2v5rt1.png Table 4 Estimated daily intake (EDI) and relative intake index (RII) of selected elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-results-mg-g-obtained-for-the-elements-of-1c7wl0y1.png Table 2 Detailed results (μg/g) obtained for the elements of major toxicological concern in the lipsticks samples studied (n= 96). https://scispace.com/papers/elementary-school-students-epistemic-perspective-and-1e4qt32n2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3ur1ej9r.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2uz1uhs5.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-17hfofp8.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1zesmtd4.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-80w65h7i.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d350oza.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/elevated-pco2-does-not-impair-performance-in-autotomised-10lote43zm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-mortality-number-of-individuals-of-2wlehffv.png Fig. 2. Cumulative mortality (number of individuals) of autotomised (4 arms) and non-autotomised 628 (5 arms) Asterias rubens reared under different pCO2 levels: ~400 µatm (control) and ~1000 µatm 629 (RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, IPCC, 2014) for 120 days. Data are presented for cumulative 630 mortality in replicate tanks of autotomised (4 arms) and non-autotomised (5 arms) Asterias rubens 631 reared at (A) ~400 µatm and (B) ~1000 µatm and (C) average mortality per treatment. Data for 632 each replicate tank in (A) and (B) are slightly offset for clarity. 633 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-regeneration-of-the-autotomised-arm-of-136ziai4.png Fig. 4. Percentage regeneration of the autotomised arm of Asterias rubens reared under different 641 pCO2 level (control, ~400 µatm; RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 µatm [IPCC, 2014]) for 120 642 days. Percentage regeneration is calculated as 100*(length of the regenerating arm/ length of the 643 longest arm) at each measurement. (Data are presented as Mean ± 1SE).644 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-body-mass-g-and-b-percentage-relative-growth-of-1fqjy1hm.png Fig. 3. (A) Body mass (g) and (B) percentage relative growth of autotomised (4 arms) and non-635 autotomised (5 arms) Asterias rubens reared under different pCO2 level (control, ~400 µatm; RCP 636 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 µatm [IPCC, 2014]) for 120 days. (Data are presented as Mean ± 637 1SE). 638 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-seawater-parameters-for-asterias-rubens-2cp23bm8.png Table 1. Average seawater parameters for Asterias rubens reared under two different pCO2 levels 671 (control, ~400 µatm; RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 µatm [IPCC, 2014]) for 120 days. Data 672 are presented as mean values ± SE with associated 95% confidence interval (CI) range. 673 674 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calcium-content-expressed-in-umol-ca2-mg-1-dry-mass-in-4jidrxwz.png Fig 7. Calcium content, expressed in µmol Ca²+ mg-1 dry mass in the arms of Asterias rubens reared 663 under different pCO2 level (control, ~400 µatm; RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 µatm [IPCC, 664 2014]) for 120 days. Data are presented for (A) the left arm opposite to the position of the 665 madreporite (i.e. the ‘control’ arm) of individuals subjected to arm autotomy (4 arms) or not (5 666 arms) and (B) in the regenerating arm of the individuals subjected to autotomy. (Data are presented 667 as Mean ± 1SE). 668 669 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-linear-mixed-model-used-to-test-the-fixed-39usxuqs.png Table 2. Results of Linear Mixed Model used to test the fixed effects of time, autotomy and pCO2 676 and random effects of individual and tank on (A) mortality, (B) growth (body mass, g), (C) arm 677 regeneration (percentage regenerated), and (D) the righting time response (RTR) of Asterias rubens 678 reared under two different pCO2 levels (control, ~400 µatm; RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 679 µatm [IPCC, 2014]) for 120 days. 680 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-mass-specific-lipid-energy-content-in-the-tissues-mj-129xh2b4.png Fig. 6. (A) Mass-specific lipid energy content in the tissues (mJ mg-1 wet mass), and (B) total lipid 655 energy content (kJ) in the tissues of autotomised (4 arms) and non-autotomised (5 arms) of Asterias 656 rubens reared under different pCO2 level (control, ~400 µatm; RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 657 µatm [IPCC, 2014]) for 120 days. In (A) and (B), different letters indicate significant differences 658 (Tukey post hoc test) between treatments for gonads (upper case letters) and pyloric caeca (lower 659 case letters), respectively. (Data are presented as Mean ± 1SE) 660 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-summary-outline-of-the-experimental-aquarium-design-1n6f82qt.png Fig. 1. Summary outline of the experimental aquarium design used in present study to determine 623 the impact of pCO2 control, ~400 µatm; RCP 8.5 ‘business as usual’, ~1000 µatm [IPCC, 2014]) 624 and autotomy on Asterias rubens. 625 626 https://scispace.com/papers/eliciting-a-predatory-response-in-the-eastern-corn-snake-382010w9o1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fig-1-mean-rtf-rate-of-tongue-flick-se-in-response-24z6s5ye.png Figure 1: Fig. 1. Mean RTF (rate of tongue flick) (±SE) in response to live and inanimate sensory stimuli https://scispace.com/papers/elevation-of-neurodegenerative-serum-biomarkers-among-2h32wwyatb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariable-cox-proportional-hazard-ratios-among-znyemrwu.png Table 3. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratios among COVID-19 patients for each measured biomarker and the outcomes of: neurological events, toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (TME), in-hospital death and discharge home https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-heat-map-of-spearmans-correlation-coefficients-among-1aeopfrc.png Table 2. Heat map of Spearman’s correlation coefficients among neurodegenerative biomarkers and demographics, severity of illness and inflammatory markers among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Green color signifies stronger correlation and red signifies weaker. https://scispace.com/papers/elimination-of-refocusing-pulses-in-nmr-experiments-s91lazzyvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-regular-noe-enhanced-fid-spectrum-of-the-3h2vna95.png FIG. 4. (a) Regular NOE-enhanced FID spectrum of the aldotrironic acid derivative sketched in the inset of Fig. 2. (b) Modified APT spectrum obtained with the pulse sequence of Fig. 3b. Each spectrum is the result of 200 accumulations. https://scispace.com/papers/elucidation-of-the-average-molecular-structure-of-2a7zweeiza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-chemical-shift-assignments-for-the-1h-nmr-spectrum-2tkz3vcp.png Table 5. Chemical Shift Assignments for the 1H NMR Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-structural-parametersa-for-argentinian-38g7ow2m.png Table 6. Average Structural Parametersa for Argentinian Asphaltenes Extracted with n-Pentane and n-Heptane Solvents Obtained from 1H NMR Spectra https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-crystallite-parameters-and-aromaticity-extracted-3ofw2h4p.png Table 7. Crystallite Parameters and Aromaticity Extracted from XRD Diffractograms for Different Asphaltene Samplesa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-asphaltene-content-in-different-crude-oils-39tcyew4.png Table 1. List of Asphaltene Content in Different Crude Oils Extracted with n-Pentane and n-Heptane Solvents; Percentage Atomic Content and Various Atomic Ratios Obtained by Elemental Analysis; Number-Average Molecular Weight Values and Weight-Average Molecular Weight Values; and Polydispersity Index from LDI-MS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-sectional-view-of-the-asphaltene-cluster-1fm9jfqy.png Figure 5. Cross-sectional view of the asphaltene cluster structure model with the main crystallite parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-calculated-la-diameters-a-from-raman-spectra-using-isaap7uf.png Table 8. Calculated La Diameters (Å) from Raman Spectra Using Three Peaks Fitting Employing Gaussians/Lorentzian Functions and the Frequencies of D1, G, and D2 Bands https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ldi-ms-for-a-a1-c5-b-a1-c7-c-a2-c5-d-a2-c7-e-a3-c5-2r659kin.png Figure 1. LDI-MS for (a) A1−C5, (b) A1−C7, (c) A2−C5, (d) A2−C7, (e) A3−C5, and (f) A3−C7 asphaltene samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hypothetical-structure-proposed-for-a2-and-a3-3hmi3dup.png Figure 6. Hypothetical structure proposed for A2 and A3 asphaltenes. https://scispace.com/papers/elucidating-the-reactivity-of-tris-trimethylsilyl-phosphite-272dvjfwef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-tmspi-and-tmspa-u358bmzn.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of TMSPi and TMSPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reaction-scheme-visualizing-the-different-27c923cw.png Figure 5. Reaction scheme visualizing the different reactivities of TMSPa and TMSPi with LiPF6 and LiF and HF leading to different Me3SiF evolution profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gas-evolution-rates-of-o2-h2-co2-pof3-m-z-85-and-18h1yglh.png Figure 2. Gas evolution rates of O2, H2, CO2, POF3 (m/z = 85), and Me3SiF (m/z = 77) for the two first galvanostatic cycles for HE-NCM electrodes cycled vs graphite between 0.5 and 4.7 V (C/10) in FEC:DEC (A) or EC/DEC (B) (12:88, 1 M LiPF6) based electrolyte containing no additive (blank, black), 1 wt % TMSPi (blue), or 1 wt % TMSPa (red). The 4 h resting period before cycling is highlighted in light green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-for-the-pf5-driven-decomposition-cycle-in-8vztk8ea.png Figure 6. Schematic for the PF5 driven decomposition cycle in FEC based electrolytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gas-amounts-for-co2-a-pof3-b-and-me3sif-c-from-ec-39r9i8ql.png Figure 4. Gas amounts for CO2 (A), POF3 (B), and Me3SiF (C) from EC/DEC (12:88, 1 M LiPF6) based electrolytes for the first two galvanostatic cycles. All values and error bars are obtained from three cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gas-amounts-for-pof3-a-and-me3sif-b-from-fec-dec-12-kxqofxzm.png Figure 3. Gas amounts for POF3 (A) and Me3SiF (B) from FEC/ DEC (12:88, 1 M LiPF6) based electrolytes for the first two galvanostatic cycles. All values and error bars are obtained from three cells. https://scispace.com/papers/embedding-high-capacity-covert-channels-in-short-message-48bnv9yldz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tp-dcs-used-for-covert-channel-3jqjr8kp.png Fig. 7. TP-DCS used for Covert Channel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-csms-reference-number-misuse-34n8bzsn.png Fig. 4. CSMS Reference Number Misuse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-picture-sms-header-d6a4erwm.png Fig. 5. Picture SMS Header https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-imelody-format-for-sounds-music-1y8znpah.png Fig. 6. iMelody Format for Sounds/Music https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sms-pdu-formats-173yftuo.png Fig. 1. SMS PDU Formats https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tp-srr-used-for-covert-channel-2y1gavoq.png Fig. 8. TP-SRR used for Covert Channel https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fields-of-csms-udh-n5u0tb1x.png Table 1. Fields of CSMS UDH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sms-covert-channel-2mh9x2kh.png Fig. 2. SMS Covert Channel https://scispace.com/papers/embodying-the-countryside-in-aita-hasbawiya-morocco-38tb7qfzbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fatna-bent-l-houcine-photo-hamza-mehimdate-private-phpvnb7r.png Figure 1. Fatna Bent l-Houcine (photo: Hamza Mehimdate, private collection; used with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uses-of-the-term-h-rsh-and-its-derivatives-to-refer-1agq4nu3.png Figure 5. uses of the term ḥərsh and its derivatives to refer to beauty or quality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hafida-performing-in-sale-14-july-2002-photo-f1xg7nbq.png Figure 3. Hafida performing in Salé, 14 July 2002 (photo: Alessandra Ciucci). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ouled-ben-aguida-in-casablanca-left-to-right-1i35z15o.png Figure 2. Ouled Ben Aguida in Casablanca. Left to right: (standing) Moustapha (with loṭar, a plucked, three- or four-stringed lute with a pear-shaped resonator covered with goat-skin), ʿAicha, Khadija, and Khoucia (with taʿrija); (sitting) Boujmʿa (with darbuka), Bouchʿaib (with kamanja), Hafida (with taʿrija), and Miloud (with ʿud). 18 November 2003 (photo: Jamal Mehssani, used with permission). https://scispace.com/papers/emergence-of-phenotypic-and-genotypic-resistance-in-the-3a4asa7jy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-archived-bacterial-isolates-from-trout-intestines-1cu0irgg.png Table 3. Archived bacterial isolates from trout intestines identified by MALDI-TOF 612 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxicological-parameters-used-to-derive-smx-1y3py6gd.png Table 1. Toxicological parameters used to derive SMX-treatment groups 602 603 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-intestinal-cfu-resistant-to-1000-mg-l-3ic86bqv.png Table 2. Percentage of intestinal CFU resistant to 1,000 mg/L SMX 607 https://scispace.com/papers/emodin-attenuates-acetaminophen-induced-hepatotoxicity-via-4ekx3jzw7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5kifyqkb.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2hkc36rb.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2ydp59kc.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cbe3jmin.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/emotion-dysregulation-and-anxiety-in-adults-with-asd-does-4uoabyamri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-of-variables-1aoznu0w.png Table 2 Correlation matrix of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-data-n-69-minimum-maximum-mean-sd-498j8puk.png Table 1 Descriptive data (n = 69) Minimum Maximum Mean (SD) Skewness Kurtosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-model-primary-analyses-predictors-2pv8srbn.png Table 3 Linear regression model (primary analyses): predictors of social anxiety https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-regression-model-supplemental-analyses-3fhb1v2y.png Table 4 Linear regression model (supplemental analyses): predictors of social anxiety https://scispace.com/papers/emotional-activation-measured-using-the-emotional-stroop-dscsnq4dx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-serbian-language-skills-1vs2zbj8.png Table 2: Serbian language skills https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hungarian-language-skills-10nvu65f.png Table 1: Hungarian language skills https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-reaction-times-ms-for-negative-positive-and-1w0vtvmq.png Figure 1: Mean reaction times (ms) for negative, positive and neutral words https://scispace.com/papers/emotional-contagion-in-dogs-as-measured-by-change-in-53fbd9hrk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-changes-in-the-number-of-dogs-erroneous-choices-in-1z3xmizo.png Figure 6: Changes in the number of dogs‟ erroneous choices in the Spatial Working Memory 719 task (pre- vs. post-manipulation phases;median quartiles and extreme values. (* p=0.0049) 720 721 https://scispace.com/papers/emotional-tagging-retroactively-promotes-memory-integration-43zkkgzugg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-and-behavioral-performance-a-3en3hycc.png Figure 1. Experimental design and behavioral performance. (A) The experiment consisted of three phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-prominent-shift-of-hippocampal-cortical-6zd3jfh3.png Figure 4. A prominent shift of hippocampal-cortical connectivity during post-learning rest in relation to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neural-reactivation-of-initial-learning-activity-1tw1xiuu.png Figure 2. Neural reactivation of initial learning activity during emotional tagging. (A) An illustration of reactivation analysis by computing similarity of stimulus-evoked multi-voxel activity patterns between initial learning and emotional tagging phases. Example data from one subject is shown, with sagittal views of activation maps for aversive and neutral conditions during initial learning (left) and emotional tagging (right) phases. Faces in the figure are completely obscured for copyright reasons. (B) Bar graphs depict averaged reactivation in each condition on the hippocampus (left), face/object-sensitive neocortical regions (middle) including FFA and LOC, and a whole-brain activation mask (right). Error bars represent standard error of mean. (C) Scatter plots depict positive correlations of hippocampal reactivation with associative memory in aversive (upper) and neutral (lower) conditions. Dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals, and solid lines indicate the best linear fit. Notes: NS, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; FFA, face fusiform area; LOC, lateral occipital cortex. https://scispace.com/papers/empirical-information-criteria-for-time-series-forecasting-1u7n7s7i6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-weights-for-the-m3-competition-data-2u2xwelr.png Table 4: Estimated weights for the M3 competition data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mape-and-estimated-penalty-functions-for-leic-and-28po38pm.png Figure 2: MAPE and estimated penalty functions for LEIC and NLEIC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-mape-for-the-annual-m3-competition-data-1py7xpz5.png Table 1: Average MAPE for the annual M3 competition data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-mape-for-the-quarterly-m3-competition-data-jyw6rfza.png Table 2: Average MAPE for the quarterly M3 competition data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-mape-for-the-monthly-m3-competition-data-c6jmucrg.png Table 3: Average MAPE for the monthly M3 competition data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-penalty-functions-for-six-different-information-1xkidq5s.png Figure 1: Penalty functions for six different information criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-average-weights-for-the-simulated-data-3rn5m8gp.png Table 6: Estimated average weights for the simulated data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rmse-and-estimated-penalty-functions-for-aic-leic-2a449cry.png Figure 3: RMSE and estimated penalty functions for AIC, LEIC and NLEIC for the simulated data. https://scispace.com/papers/emotions-oral-arguments-and-supreme-court-decision-making-3hwjkggskq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logistic-regression-models-predicting-case-and-vote-qpom3v9z.png TABLE 1 Logistic Regression Models Predicting Case and Vote Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-effect-of-unpleasant-language-on-court-twxf22mw.png FIGURE 1 Predicted Effect of Unpleasant Language on Court and Justice Vote Outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/empirical-relationships-for-debris-flows-3x98o707wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-peak-discharge-qp-of-debris-flows-vs-debris-flow-20xfc178.png Figure 2. Peak discharge (Qp) of debris flows vs debris-flow volume (M). Also shown is the semi-theoretical line satisfying Froude similarity (Equation (1)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-travel-distance-l-of-mass-movements-in-1v2ntbhi.png Figure 8. Total travel distance (L) of mass movements in relation to an expression obtained from a regression calculation using debris flow field data only. Also shown is the line of the regression Equation (23). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-on-debris-flow-volume-and-peak-discharge-of-3brypnup.png Table I. Data on debris-flow volume and peak discharge of debris flows, used in Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-empirical-relationships-of-peak-discharge-qp-of-ts7n6kje.png Figure 3. Empirical relationships of peak discharge (Qp) of debris flows (Equations (2) to (5)) or dam failures (Equations (6) and (7)) vs debris-flow volume (M). Also shown is the semi-theoretical line satisfying Froude similarity (Equation (1)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-equations-proposed-to-estimate-the-mean-velocity-kl2prwd2.png Table III. Equations proposed to estimate the mean velocity of debris flow surges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4c-comparison-of-backcalculated-flow-resistance-15uhfqzl.png Figure 4c. Comparison of backcalculated ‘flow resistance coefficient’ C1 vs peak discharge (Qp) of debris flows and clear water flows with semi-theoretical relationship based on Froude scaling (Equation (19)). The coefficient C1 is calculated by a new empirical equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-comparison-of-backcalculated-flow-resistance-ajm0o077.png Figure 4c. Comparison of backcalculated ‘flow resistance coefficient’ C1 vs peak discharge (Qp) of debris flows and clear water flows with semi-theoretical relationship based on Froude scaling (Equation (19)). The coefficient C1 is calculated by a new empirical equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-observed-mean-velocities-of-debris-2xgqsyw2.png Figure 6. Comparison of observed mean velocities of debris flows and water flows with those calculated as a function of peak discharge and slope (Equation (21)). https://scispace.com/papers/empirical-modelling-of-site-specific-errors-in-continuous-4de8ll239s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rms-error-of-recovering-the-simulated-multipath-bias-2t2nrukb.png Fig. 4 RMS error of recovering the simulated multipath bias using an ESM for a range of monument heights, and for three different surface roughness (S) values: 0.3, 0.5, 0.7. A higher S value indicates that the material will reflect greater input signal power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-influence-of-a-stations-latitude-and-the-ability-3lsga82l.png Fig. 5 The influence of a stations latitude and the ability of the ESM to recover the simulated multipath bias for two different monument heights of 0.17 and 1.5 m. The dashed vertical lines are set +60 and −60 in latitude, where we see a poleward increase in RMS for monuments close to a planar reflector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-igs-stations-yar2-with-the-uncalibrated-radome-jpla-rmvod8pl.png Fig. 14 IGS stations YAR2 with the uncalibrated radome JPLA installed, note that the radome is not concentric with the antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-processing-variables-and-estimated-3htw8l9q.png Fig. 6 Influence of processing variables and estimated parameters on the ESM ability to recover a simulated multipath bias for a range of monument heights https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-multipath-bias-on-the-height-component-for-2oc7cnge.png Fig. 7 Effect of multipath bias on the height component for PPP simulation scenario with troposphere and clock estimation (blue line), no troposphere estimation, but with clock estimation (red line), and a simulation with troposphere estimates, but without clock estimation (black line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-station-spectra-for-mobs-left-and-maw1-right-for-the-3odkcuzc.png Fig. 12 Station spectra for MOBS (left) and MAW1 (right), for the height component calculated from the de-trended co-ordinate time series produced by the regional solution with and without an ESM applied. The red vertical lines indicate the draconitic period and its harmonics. The spectra of the difference of the two solutions are shown at the bottom https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-spectral-stack-for-the-height-component-of-all-2s6iggcy.png Fig. 13 Spectral stack for the height component of all stations processed in regional network, with and without an ESM applied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-an-empirical-site-model-being-generated-2g3ac442.png Fig. 1 An example of an empirical site model being generated for the IGS station Melbourne (MOBS). The polar plots show azimuth and elevation variation of phase centre variation or phase residuals. a The LC Phase Centre Variation (PCV) for the ASH701945C_M antenna, installed at the station MOBS.bThe LC phase residuals obtained from a regional solution of processed data from 2012 for MOBS. c The derived ESM obtained by adding the LC antenna model ASH701945C_M to a block median of the LC phase residuals, which is then stored in a modified ANTEX file https://scispace.com/papers/empirical-scaling-formulas-for-critical-current-and-critical-38gbw9o8dp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-enthalpy-of-nbti-conductor-vs-copper-superconduring-2d83pr3t.png Fig. 2. Enthalpy of NbTi conductor vs copper/superconduring ratio for 5-T and 8-T fields and with operating currents of 0.5 and 0.8 of the critical current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-critical-field-vs-temperature-for-nbti-ma00k154.png Fig. 1. Upper critical field vs temperature for NbTi commercial conductor of nominal composition 44 wt % Ti to 48 wt % Ti. https://scispace.com/papers/employing-register-channels-for-the-exploitation-of-1nf0ft30h0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-allocating-limited-number-of-channels-tl7tvovz.png Fig. 16. Allocating Limited Number of Channels https://scispace.com/papers/employment-effects-of-acquisitions-evidence-from-acquired-368xggh58i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-full-sample-32gidl9x.png Table 2: Estimation results: Full sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-functional-form-12ajsziq.png Table 3: Estimation results: Functional form https://scispace.com/papers/emulating-spatial-characteristics-of-mimo-channels-for-ota-1y2llya9fw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-test-antenna-positions-2bqq42nu.png Fig. 12. Test antenna positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-maximum-correlation-error-r-r-for-scme-uma-tdl-model-fnytp7hq.png TABLE I MAXIMUM CORRELATION ERROR |ρ− ρ̂| FOR SCME UMA TDL MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-correlation-error-for-scme-uma-tdl-model-based-on-6-294ytfjc.png Fig. 8. Correlation error for SCME UMA TDL model based on [6] and the reference method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-r-and-correlation-error-r-r-for-scme-uma-tdl-model-2xne4g78.png Fig. 6. |ρ| and correlation error |ρ̂− ρ| for SCME UMA TDL model. Test area size: 0.5λ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlation-error-r-r-for-pass-shown-in-figure-2-test-3uwealni.png Fig. 7. Correlation error |ρ̂−ρ| for PASs shown in Figure 2. Test area size: 0.7λ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-results-for-cluster-one-target-as-35-and-2nlj60vn.png TABLE II COMPARISON RESULTS FOR CLUSTER ONE (TARGET AS = 35 AND AOA = 65.7489 ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-test-area-size-as-a-function-of-number-of-ota-1nylxhro.png Fig. 10. The test area size as a function of number of OTA probes for a target truncated Laplacian cluster with AS = 35o. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-correlation-error-for-the-6th-cluster-of-the-scme-uma-1b2qwcwx.png Fig. 9. Correlation error for the 6th cluster of the SCME UMA TDL model for the three algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/enabling-performance-measurement-in-a-small-professional-3bkhswrmif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-developed-strategy-map-2141u9pi.png Figure 1 The developed strategy map https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-developed-performance-measures-and-related-goals-3donhnzz.png Table 2 Developed performance measures and related goals Innovation and learning perspective https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-steps-taken-and-methods-used-in-the-2pno899q.png Table 1 Overview of the steps taken and methods used in the study https://scispace.com/papers/enabling-image-recognition-on-constrained-devices-using-27j2y9v4qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hyperparameters-evaluated-during-tuning-and-the-jbunz0e3.png Table 3: Hyperparameters evaluated during tuning and the final setting in bold font. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-validation-accuracy-per-model-with-respective-13mf2coh.png Figure 6: Validation accuracy per model with respective training time https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-m5-classification-accuracy-on-the-test-set-2lro3u1x.png Table 4: M5 Classification Accuracy on the test set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-confusion-matrix-for-m5-31x01f1s.png Figure 7: Confusion matrix for M5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-classification-accuracy-for-m5-on-empset-pedset-3jnuku82.png Figure 8: Classification accuracy for M5 on EmpSet, PedSet, BikeSet, and results for the combined test sets (Total). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-confusion-matrices-for-m5-on-images-in-the-9lwaqp26.png Figure 9: Confusion matrices for M5 on images in the nighttime domain (left) and images transformed from night2day (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-original-daytime-image-left-transformed-to-the-2ex18y65.png Figure 10: Original daytime image (left), transformed to the spray domain (middle), and then reconstructed in the daytime domain (right). The arrows show the bicyclist. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-end-to-end-machine-learning-process-tzrlycfv.png Figure 1: Overview of the end-to-end machine learning process. https://scispace.com/papers/encapsulation-of-viable-aerobic-microorganisms-in-silica-4wmjd0b303 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-parameters-of-batch-cultures-of-p-chrysogenum-1yma2k6r.png Table 1. Growth parameters of batch cultures of P. chrysogenum and S. rimosus growing in and on silica gel and freely suspended in broth (Figs. 1 and 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-course-of-oxytetracycline-production-and-s5j8b2vd.png Figure 2. Time course of oxytetracycline production and carbohydrate consumption in various petri dish bioreactors (PDB) by S. rimosus in batch culture in SRB medium. (A) S. rimosus grown in silica gel (UV-irradiated) overlaid with SRB (PDB40−13). (B) The same gel as in A) overlaid with fresh SRB on day 13 (PDB413−20). (C) S. rimosus grown on silica gel (not UV-irradiated) overlaid with SRB (PDB50−13). (D) The same gel as in C) overlaid with fresh SRB on day 13 (PDB513−20). (E) S. rimosus grown freely suspended in SRB (not UV-irradiated) (PDB60−13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-course-of-penicillin-production-and-9oz2l25l.png Figure 1. Time course of penicillin production and carbohydrate consumption in various petri dish bioreactors (PDB) by P. chrysogenum in batch culture in MYEB medium. (A) Autoclaved P. chrysogenum in silica gel overlaid with MYEB. (B) P. chrysogenum grown in silica gel (UV-irradiated) overlaid with MYEB (PDB1). (C) P. chrysogenum grown on silica gel (not UV-irradiated) overlaid with MYEB (PDB2). (D) P. chrysogenum grown freely suspended in MYEB (not UV-irradiated) (PDB3). https://scispace.com/papers/endogenizing-take-up-of-social-assistance-in-a-17xtyuqu3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-means-of-covariates-used-in-the-regression-by-take-m0id2gsm.png Table 6: Means of covariates used in the regression by take-up status, pooled sample 2005 - 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-of-changing-social-assistance-by-100e-per-1tqeliqn.png Table 7: Effects of changing social assistance by 100e per month on finances and caseloads for different assumptions on take-up. Simulation of endogenous take-up based on pooled probit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effects-of-changing-social-assistance-by-100e-per-19nrh9av.png Table 8: Effects of changing social assistance by 100e per month on finances and caseloads for different assumptions on take-up. Simulation of endogenous take-up based on RE probit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rates-of-non-take-up-of-social-assistance-2005-2011-1zxhovoo.png Table 1: Rates of non-take-up of social assistance 2005-2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-of-welfare-entitlements-in-the-iab-stsm-10xcs57s.png Figure 1: Simulation of welfare entitlements in the IAB-STSM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marginal-effects-on-probability-of-take-up-dependend-ci3kqc1x.png Table 2: Marginal effects on probability of take-up (dependend variable). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-components-of-net-household-income-in-the-iab-stsm-3pzhbe3u.png Table 4: Components of net household income in the IAB-STSM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-changing-social-assistance-by-100e-per-97m4vy6z.png Table 3: Effects of changing social assistance by 100e per month on finances and caseloads for different assumptions on take-up. Simulation of endogenous take-up based on pooled IV probit. https://scispace.com/papers/endogenous-capital-and-labor-augmenting-technical-change-in-54razvo48c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elasticity-of-substitution-of-the-production-301r4ph9.png Table 1: Elasticity of Substitution of the Production Function, Local Stability of the Steady State, and Steady-State Growth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-inframarginal-rents-on-tasks-performed-by-capital-3j6jw15e.png Figure 2.1: Inframarginal Rents on Tasks Performed by Capital. https://scispace.com/papers/encoding-partial-constraint-satisfaction-in-the-semiring-42v7vuw6na 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fuzzy-csp-29o9fum7.png Figure 2. A fuzzy CSP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-an-over-constrained-problem-81w78rme.png Figure 1. Example of an over-constrained problem. https://scispace.com/papers/endogenous-coalition-formation-in-global-pollution-control-vm6e35vtu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pareto-optimal-coalition-structures-for-payoff-nnhl2xx8.png Table 1: Pareto-optimal Coalition Structures for Payoff Function [2]* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-algorithm-for-determining-equilibrium-binding-kudj074i.png Table 2: Algorithm for Determining Equilibrium Binding Agreements* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-equilibrium-coalition-structures-for-payoff-function-3fnv0qye.png Table 3: Equilibrium Coalition Structures for Payoff Function [2]* https://scispace.com/papers/endoreduplication-in-drosophila-melanogaster-progeny-after-nq9hi4e2s7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-giant-chromosomes-of-drosophila-melanogaster-1yott78f.png Figure 1. Giant chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster stained by acetoorcein with different polyteny degree: (a) proximal part of the salivary gland; (b) distal part of the salivary gland. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-statistical-impact-power-of-radiation-and-sex-on-1ldslqbo.png Table 1. The statistical impact power of radiation and sex on the polyteny degree of chromosomes in F1 generation of Drosophila melanogaster. https://scispace.com/papers/endovascular-recanalization-of-a-hepatic-vein-in-budd-chiari-1ne6ot4h3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-doppler-us-image-demonstrates-stent-arrow-patency-1nowvbjs.png Figure 5. Doppler US image demonstrates stent (arrow) patency within the right HV 4 days after treatment. (Available in color online at www.jvir.org.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-venographic-roadmap-of-the-caudate-lobe-hv-arrows-17c5fl43.png Figure 3. Venographic roadmap of the caudate lobe HV (arrows) and collateral vessel between the caudate-lobe HV and right HV (arrowheads). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-scan-shows-echoic-material-between-calipers-at-p1gd4fq1.png Figure 1. US scan shows echoic material (between calipers) at the confluence of the left and middle HVs, suggestive of obstructing clot. (Available in color online at www.jvir.org.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-postcontrast-coronal-ct-image-shows-unenhacing-67jodk19.png Figure 2. Postcontrast coronal CT image shows unenhacing caudate-lobe HV communicating with the unopacified main HV through an intrahepatic collateral vessel (arrows). Note the presence of ascites (asterisk). https://scispace.com/papers/endurance-training-limits-the-functional-alterations-of-4imnr9djm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-endurance-training-on-the-inhibition-of-32oul4xt.png Fig. 4. Effect of endurance training on the inhibition of state 4 respiration with the addition of GDP (1 mM). Magnitude of respiratory inhibition induced by GDP on state 4 respiration rate, which was expressed as the percentage of inhibition of the rate in state IV. *p <0.05 compared with sedentary group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-a-r-on-the-respiratory-parameters-of-rat-1ch4kuxn.png Fig. 5. Influence of A-R on the respiratory parameters of rat heart mitochondria respiring with glutamate (10 mM) and malate (5 mM) from both sedentary and trained hypertrophied rat hearts. (A) Respiratory rates in state 3. (B) Respiratory rates in state 4. *p <0.05 compared with respiratory rates before A-R; #p <0.05 compared with respiratory rates of sedentary group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-endurance-running-training-on-the-expression-3t8c6f3f.png Fig. 3. Effect of endurance running training on the expression of heart mitochondria HSP60 and tissue homogenate HSP70. Immediately below the histogram, the panel shows a representative western blotting of HSP60 and HSP70 for each group as described in Methods. Values (mean and SEM) are expressed as percentage of control *p <0.05 trained vs. sedentary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exercise-training-protocol-3rw273xu.png Table 1 Exercise training protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-a-r-on-rcr-a-and-on-adp-o-b-of-rat-heart-vh3u8ool.png Fig. 6. Influence of A-R on RCR (A) and on ADP/O (B) of rat heart mitochondria incubated with the complex I-linked substrates glutamate (10 mM) and malate (5 mM) from both sedentary and trained hypertrophied rat hearts. *p <0.05 compared with respiratory rates before A-R; #p <0.05 compared with respiratory rates of sedentary group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-training-and-a-r-on-the-content-of-carbonyl-3lmo30yv.png Fig. 7. Effect of training and A-R on the content of carbonyl derivatives (A) and malondialdehyde (B) of heart mitochondria. Immediately below the histogram A, the protein carbonyl formation panel shows a representative pattern of anti-denitrophenyl (DNP)-specific interaction with DNP for each group as described in Methods. Values (mean and SEM) are expressed as percentage of control. Sedentary (S), Trained (T). *p <0.05 before vs. after A-R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-protocol-a-sequence-of-the-technical-3bnv5ikn.png Fig. 1. Experimental protocol. (A) Sequence of the technical procedures and the 10 independent measured parameters from each group or condition. (B) Typical polarographic oxygen electrode traces obtained in the A-R model. Oxygen consumption rates of energized (10 mM glutamate+5 mM malate) rat heart mitochondria (RHM) isolated from trained and sedentary rats were determined at 25 -C before and after stimulation through A-R. State 3 and state 4 respiration, respiratory control ratio (RCR) and ADP/O were calculated in both pre-anoxia (after the addition of the 1st ADP pulse) and in post-reoxygenation conditions (after another ADP pulse). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-polarographic-oxygen-electrode-traces-obtained-rmzyy5ae.png Fig. 2. Typical polarographic oxygen electrode traces obtained in time control trials. Respiratory rates corresponding to oxygen consumption of energized (10 mM glutamate+5 mM malate) rat heart mitochondria (RHM) isolated from trained and sedentary rats were determined at 25 -C after 15–20 min of incubation in a stirred reaction medium exposed to air. State 3 and state 4 respiration, respiratory control ratio (RCR) and ADP/O were calculated after the end of incubation period. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-aware-multi-organization-scheduling-problem-54qwvncrik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-n-2-organizations-for-different-numbers-p68amms1.png Table 1. Results for N = 2 organizations. For different numbers of jobs per organization, we show how each heuristic performs if compared to no cooperation at all. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-results-for-n-10-and-20-organizations-on-fuc4lbmf.png Table 4. Performance results for N = 10 and 20 organizations on the second scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reduction-of-the-mosp-energy-problem-from-partition-3occt91f.png Fig. 1. Reduction of the MOSP-energy problem from Partition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schema-of-the-heuristics-migrations-25pdinqy.png Fig. 2. Schema of the heuristics migrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-n-10-and-20-organizations-showing-how-3soyjp7z.png Table 2. Results for N = 10 and 20 organizations, showing how the iterative algorithm performs if compared to no cooperation at all. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-results-for-n-2-organizations-on-the-2krnhopm.png Table 3. Performance results for N = 2 organizations on the second scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-aware-post-settings-a-study-on-performance-gain-by-5f28a2f4tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-energy-dissipated-regions-the-x-ynxtq6o4.png Figure 1. Distribution of energy dissipated regions. The x-axis and y-axis denote the proportions of x and y positions to the whole network size, and the intense of the color indicates how much the nodes within regions, relatively, dissipate their energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-energy-balancing-between-the-2xsenrvk.png Figure 2. Comparison of energy balancing between the centralized algorithm and the minimal energy routing in networks with 100 nodes. The x-axis ranks the nodes according to the energy expenditure, and the y-axis is the amount of energy expenditure (J) of nodes with the ranks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-improvement-over-c-limax-by-adding-at-sparsest-kj6ckamh.png TABLE V. IMPROVEMENT OVER C-LIMAX BY ADDING AT SPARSEST https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-improvement-over-l-limax-by-adding-at-sparsest-31osr26w.png TABLE VI. IMPROVEMENT OVER L-LIMAX BY ADDING AT SPARSEST https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-gain-vs-density-of-networks-with-100-9e3c0uap.png Figure 6. Performance gain vs. Density of networks with 100 nodes by adding at the sparsest. The horizontal lines indicate the threshold values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-gain-vs-node-with-ranks-by-sparseness-3859hb50.png Figure 7. Performance gain vs. node with ranks by sparseness over C-Limax (Left) and L-Limax (Right) routing. The horizontal lines indicate the threshold values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-gain-vs-nodes-with-ranks-by-innerness-20un5wp3.png Figure 5. Performance gain vs nodes with ranks by innerness over C-Limax (Left) and L-Limax (Right). The horizontal lines indicate the threshold values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-improvement-over-l-limax-by-helping-center-node-117o4p47.png TABLE IV. IMPROVEMENT OVER L-LIMAX BY HELPING CENTER NODE https://scispace.com/papers/energy-aware-routing-in-high-capacity-overlays-in-wireless-wapevpyfls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-the-energy-consumption-measurements-of-lucent-ieee-2y89kife.png Table 1.1: The energy consumption measurements of LUCENT IEEE 802.11 11 Mbps WaveLan PC Card https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-total-energy-consumption-in-the-network-with-14ixeh4z.png Figure 5.2: Total Energy Consumption in the Network with respect to active time data generation rate for Frequent Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-a-sample-wireless-sensor-network-37z9w5jy.png Figure 1.1: A sample Wireless Sensor Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-a-sample-graph-for-mcds-2mec70fs.png Figure 2.1: A sample graph for MCDS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-total-energy-consumption-in-the-network-with-1ojuyvf8.png Figure 5.6: Total Energy Consumption in the Network with respect to active time data generation rate for Frequent Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-total-energy-consumption-in-the-network-with-iounhnfo.png Figure 5.7: Total Energy Consumption in the Network with respect to active time data generation rate for Infrequent Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-packet-delivery-fraction-in-the-network-with-21lregve.png Figure 5.3: Packet Delivery Fraction in the Network with respect to active time data generation rate for Frequent Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-total-energy-consumption-in-the-network-with-3w0ns89x.png Figure 5.4: Total Energy Consumption in the Network with respect to active time data generation rate for Infrequent Events https://scispace.com/papers/energy-balances-for-biogas-and-solid-biofuel-production-from-4pzbkql4xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-machinery-specifications-as-used-in-the-present-3n699o5u.png Table A.3. Machinery specifications as used in the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-energy-factors-and-energy-equivalents-for-kf7klcn0.png Table 1. Primary energy factors and energy equivalents for the production means. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2-16uy81g6.png Fig. 7. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/energy-consumption-and-economic-growth-new-evidence-from-the-x9gjxjg5mh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-panel-ardl-estimations-2aecrfqp.png Table 2 Results of the Panel ARDL Estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-panel-unit-root-tests-3kumetqy.png Table 1 Results of the Panel Unit Root Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-panel-quantile-regression-pqr-3bk1z047.png Table 3 Results of the Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) Estimations https://scispace.com/papers/energy-consumption-analysis-of-reputation-based-trust-1y9bikh08f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-group-scenario-1ikq56da.png Figure 2: Sample Group Scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-consumption-n-100-d-150-ucqqg8vz.png Figure 5: Energy Consumption: N=100, d=150 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-packets-of-rfsn-scheme-2t0h9bv3.png Table 1: Packets of RFSN scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gcp-packet-format-3du2xbhp.png Figure 1: GCP packet format https://scispace.com/papers/energy-dependent-excitation-cross-section-measurements-of-3709vquhxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrum-of-fe-xvii-measured-by-the-nasa-gsfc-6-x-6-3788xvlx.png FIG. 1: Spectrum of Fe XVII measured by the NASA/GSFC 6 × 6 microcalorimeter array. The insert shows a close up view of the energy range containing the photons from radiative recombination. The peaks are labelled with the different fine structure components of Fe XVI. This spectrum is not corrected for filter transmittance or polarization effects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-sections-for-the-resonance-line-3c-top-and-7sdxyxbt.png FIG. 3: Cross sections for the resonance line 3C (top) and intercombination line 3D (bottom) as a function of electron-impact energy given by closed circles. The error bars in the y direction are statistical and the error bars in the x direction denote the bin size. These points are normalized to the single-energy measurement at Ee−= 964 eV. The dashed line in each plot is a power law fit to the experimental data with σ ∝ E−1. Each cross section is compared to the theories of Mohan et al. 1997 [20] (solid line) and Chen & Pradhan [11] (open squares on solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-measured-and-calculated-cross-26ygs9kd.png TABLE II: Comparison of measured and calculated cross sections for the Fe XVII resonance and intercombination x-ray lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-the-measurements-at-an-electron-impact-38kqamyf.png TABLE I: Results of the measurements at an electron impact energy of 964 eV of the resonance line 3C normalized to each of the different RR states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-theoretical-cross-sections-normalized-to-measured-2xzzba75.png FIG. 2: Theoretical cross sections normalized to measured cross for the resonance line 3C and the intercombination line 3D. The error on the measured values is indicated here by the gray area in each plot. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-efficiency-improvement-and-cost-saving-opportunities-2u335ecc8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-specific-fuel-and-electricity-consumption-per-ton-51fbzduz.png Figure 7. Specific fuel and electricity consumption per ton of cement produced. Energy is expressed as final energy (or site energy) and excludes power generation conversion losses. Fuels include waste fuel use estimates starting in 1977 (based on PCA data, and after 1993 on USGS reported data). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-efficient-practices-and-technologies-in-23zz028l.png Table 2. Energy-Efficient Practices and Technologies in Cement Production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-clinker-production-by-process-1970-to-1999-2ogqstxm.png Figure 1. U.S. Clinker Production by Process, 1970 to 1999 (expressed in million metric tons/year). Source: USGS, various years. The term “both” accounts for plants that are not categorized as a wet or dry process plant in the USGS minerals yearbooks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-u-s-cement-and-clinker-production-1970-to-1999-2soez0ax.png Figure 2. U.S. Cement and Clinker Production, 1970 to 1999 (expressed in million metric tons/year). Source: USGS, various years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-primary-energy-intensity-of-u-s-cement-and-clinker-1wz7w5sv.png Figure 6. Primary Energy Intensity of U.S. Cement and Clinker Production, 1970 to 1999 (expressed in MBtu/short ton, HHV). This graph excludes use of wastes as kiln fuel between 1977 and 1992, as USGS did not collect this data before 1993. See below for a discussion on the impact of including assumptions on waste use. Source: derived from USGS, various years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1999-energy-consumption-and-specific-energy-23ads1dd.png Table 1. 1999 Energy Consumption and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) in the U.S. Cement Industry by Process. All energy units are expressed in higher heating value (HHV). Emissions are expressed in metric units (i.e. kg and metric ton). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-primary-energy-consumption-in-u-s-cement-production-2v5yt21k.png Figure 4. Primary Energy Consumption in U.S. Cement Production by Process, 1970 to 1999 (expressed in TBtu). Source: derived from USGS, various years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-consumption-in-u-s-cement-production-by-fuel-24drlcek.png Figure 5. Energy Consumption in U.S. Cement Production by Fuel, 1970 to 1999 (expressed in TBtu). Source: derived from USGS, various years. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-efficiency-maximization-of-hybrid-massive-mimo-4h2awbowt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-efficiency-versus-the-number-of-transmission-2eqrac4d.png Fig. 5. Energy-efficiency versus the number of transmission streams Ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-sum-of-dacs-resolutions-for-all-active-rf-chains-39igr4bo.png Fig. 8. The sum of DACs resolutions for all active RF chains over transmit power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectral-efficiency-versus-the-number-of-transmission-14r7exgf.png Fig. 6. Spectral-efficiency versus the number of transmission streams Ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-number-of-active-rf-chains-over-transmit-power-1c3awjea.png Fig. 7. Average number of active RF chains over transmit power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-transmit-power-1oda6jog.png Fig. 2. Energy efficiency as a function of the transmit power PTX for NT = 128, NR = 8, and σn = 0.562. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-transmit-1a6k8jbr.png Fig. 3. Spectral-efficiency as a function of the transmit power for NT = 128, NR = 8, and σn = 0.562. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-notations-of-this-paper-2r1x42tk.png TABLE I THE NOTATIONS OF THIS PAPER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dinkelback-convergence-curves-2l9b5mp3.png Fig. 9. Dinkelback convergence curves. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-exergy-and-advanced-exergy-analysis-of-a-milk-2xseoesx23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-12-composition-of-the-diary-products-for-the-3tjs0nh6.png Table A.12: Composition of the diary products for the different states based on [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-13-thermodynamic-state-points-for-the-cold-utility-3549htgr.png Table B.13: Thermodynamic state points for the cold utility section (CU). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-temperature-heat-profiles-of-the-dairy-factory-with-3gv978c0.png Figure 9: Temperature-heat profiles of the dairy factory with the hot utility, without vapour re-compression, on an energy basis (left) and exergy basis (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dairy-processing-line-for-the-production-of-milk-2of1udb1.png Figure 1: Dairy processing line for the production of milk powder with the main manufacturing units and materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-14-thermodynamic-state-points-for-the-milk-treatment-25f4hfwx.png Table B.14: Thermodynamic state points for the milk treatment section (MT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-exergy-analysis-of-the-milk-treatment-3owudq88.png Table 4: Results of the exergy analysis of the milk treatment (MT) section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-exergy-analysis-of-the-evaporation-ev-3w35zjix.png Table 5: Results of the exergy analysis of the evaporation (EV) section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-natural-gas-boiler-with-economiser-for-the-hot-1ngbv8ug.png Figure 5: Natural gas boiler with economiser for the hot utility supply and refrigeration cycle for cold water supply. The state points for the hot utility (B) and cold utility (RM) can be found in Appendix B and components are enumerated starting with U and R. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-loss-of-solar-p-modes-due-to-the-excitation-of-27omf50txm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vertical-displacements-for-the-incident-p2-mode-1bq767ss.png Figure 3. Vertical displacements for the incident p2 mode, ξinc, (solid line) and corresponding sausage wave solution, ξ‖, (dashed line) for β = 1. The vertical dotted line denotes the interface at s = 1. The inset plot shows the propagating portion of the wave solutions in the polytropic region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dispersion-relation-for-non-magnetic-waves-in-the-68ezwn57.png Figure 2. Dispersion relation for non-magnetic waves in the two-region model (solid) considered here, and previously studied truncated (dashed) and complete (dotted) polytropes. Each mode order is plotted with a different color: f (black), p1 (red), etc. In this paper, we restrict our attention to frequencies below the cutoff (indicated by the horizontal solid line). The inset plot shows the location of the sausage wave cut off frequency (k‖ = 0, solid horizontal line) for β = 0.1, 1, 10. The shaded region denotes the zones of propagation for p modes in the isothermal atmosphere (of which we do not consider). The dot–dashed line indicates the frequency limit where the upper boundary condition is valid, i.e., |k′z| + |k‖| > (1/4H ). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-damping-rate-of-f-and-p-modes-due-to-the-excitation-2qrky7jr.png Figure 6. Damping rate of f and p modes due to the excitation of sausage waves on thin magnetic flux tubes embedded in a two-region polytropic-isothermal atmosphere for β = 1. Height at which we calculate E(u)‖ is, as z → ∞ scale heights above the interface. Overplotted are the cases of applying a stressfree (dotted) and maximal-flux (dashed) boundary condition at the interface (z = −z0) (Bogdan et al. 1996; Hindman & Jain 2008). Each mode order is plotted with a different color; see Figure 2 for the color scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upward-sausage-wave-energy-flux-e-u-as-a-function-1geelf3e.png Figure 7. Upward sausage wave energy flux, E(u)‖ , as a function of height (solid) for β = 1 andω/2π = 1, 3 and 4.2 mHz (labeled accordingly). Also, downward sausage wave energy flux, E(d)‖ , plotted as z → ∞ (dashed) for reference, thus does not relate to the horizontal scale and is a constant for each mode order and frequency. Each mode order is plotted with a different color; see Figure 2 for the color scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-proposed-model-configuration-24i26qh4.png Figure 1. Illustration of the proposed model configuration where the right axis is the non-dimensional representation of the left axis and consequentially points in the opposite direction. The thin magnetic flux tube undergoes wavelike behavior due to the motions of the surrounding medium. The interface resides at z = −z0, where we apply the continuity of the Lagrangian pressure perturbation; this explains the non-ridged nature of this boundary and why the two regions interact non-linearly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-damping-rate-of-f-and-p-modes-due-to-excitation-of-2qnwys6k.png Figure 4. Damping rate of f and p modes due to excitation of sausage waves on thin magnetic flux tubes embedded in a two-region polytropic-isothermal atmosphere. Each mode order is plotted with a different color; see Figure 2 for the color scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorption-coefficient-for-a-single-tube-embedded-etq8qxwx.png Figure 5. Absorption coefficient for a single tube embedded in a two-region polytropic-isothermal atmosphere. Each mode order is plotted with a different color; see Figure 2 for the color scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-management-for-real-time-embedded-applications-with-4xqbm52tkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-invocations-of-pmhs-and-pmps-for-a-speci-c-path-1ya4nu87.png Figure Invocations of PMHs and PMPs for a speci c path https://scispace.com/papers/energy-of-the-quasi-free-electron-in-xenon-28kfwlz6xg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-v0-rxe-eq-1-determined-by-subtracting-p-rxe-eq-2-2bwymxog.png Fig. 2. (a) V0(ρXe) [Eq. (1)] determined by subtracting P+(ρXe) [Eq. (2)] from the experimentally determined [Fig. 1] xenon induced shifts of the TMA and DMAn ionization energies ∆TMA(ρXe) and ∆DMAn(ρXe), respectively, plotted as a function of xenon number density ρXe at various (see Section 2 for details) noncritical temperatures (• TMA, ¥ DMAn) and near the critical temperature of xenon (◦ TMA, ¤ DMAn). (b) V0(ρXe) obtained from various photoinjection measurements, plotted as a function of xenon number density ρXe. (4, N) [24], (O) [25,26] and (♦) [27]. The lines are provided as a visual aid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xenon-induced-shift-of-the-ionization-energy-of-a-tma-11vnu4jr.png Fig. 1. Xenon induced shift of the ionization energy of (a) TMA ∆TMA(ρXe) and (b) DMAn ∆DMAn(ρXe) plotted as a function of xenon number density ρXe at various (see Section 2 for details) noncritical temperatures (•,¥) and for an isotherm (17◦C) near the xenon critical isotherm (◦, ¤). The lines are provided as a visual aid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-the-calculations-necessary-to-model-v0-rxe-vmky79rk.png Fig. 3. Summary of the calculations necessary to model V0(ρXe). (a) The average electron/xenon polarization energy P−(ρXe), and (b) the zero-point kinetic energy Ek of the quasi-free electron, plotted as a function of xenon number density ρXe. The solid line is for various (see Section 2 for details) noncritical temperatures; the dashed line is for an isotherm (17◦C) near the critical isotherm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-experiment-markers-with-theory-lines-for-23yynel0.png Fig. 4. Comparison of experiment (markers) with theory (lines) for the energy V0(ρXe) of the quasi-free electron in xenon, plotted as a function of xenon number density ρXe, (a) for the entire density region up to the density of the triple point liquid and (b) for the critical density region. See the legend of Fig. 2a for the definition of the markers. The solid line is for various (see Section 2 for details) noncritical temperatures; the dashed line is for an isotherm (17◦C) near the critical isotherm. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-transfer-luminescence-of-a-zinc-oxide-ytterbium-oxide-4lcr1vn9hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-yb-l3-edge-xanes-spectra-of-the-zno-yb-nanocomposite-20euvb9c.png Fig. 3 Yb L3-edge XANES spectra of the ZnO:Yb nanocomposite powder (doping level 1 mol%, blue curve), and of the Yb2O3 standard (red curve) and YbAl2 standard (black curve) references. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tem-images-of-zno-yb2o3-nanocomposite-powder-i-e-of-21s81jqo.png Fig. 1 (a) TEM images of ZnO/Yb2O3 nanocomposite powder, i.e. of ZnO crystalline nanoparticles decorated with attached smaller Yb2O3 crystalline nanoparticles; (b) selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the area shown in (a); (c,d) dark-field images of the areas circled and arrowed by the blue and red circles and arrows in (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-undoped-and-yb-doped-zno-nanopowders-1-1cr56hu0.png Fig. 2 XRD patterns of undoped and Yb-doped ZnO nanopowders (1 mol% doping). The Miller indices of the würtzite ZnO crystalline phase are labeled, respectively. One of the highest intensity reflexes of the Yb2O3 phase, the (222), is arrowed. https://scispace.com/papers/enforcing-the-community-reinvestment-act-an-advocate-s-guide-bihi8i2w0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2a-small-business-lenders-in-metropolitan-area-m2zpfpme.png Table 1-2a: Small Business Lenders in Metropolitan Area - Purchases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-small-business-loans-by-county-purchases-194s0r8q.png Table 1-2a: Small Business Lenders in Metropolitan Area - Purchases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2a-small-farm-lenders-in-metropolitan-area-purchases-13mv8jje.png Table 2-2a: Small Farm Lenders in Metropolitan Area - Purchases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-small-farm-loans-by-county-purchases-1u9gt92z.png Table 2-2a: Small Farm Lenders in Metropolitan Area - Purchases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-la-small-farm-lenders-in-metropolitan-area-24wes1x1.png Table 2-la: Small Farm Lenders in Metropolitan Area - Originations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-small-farm-loans-by-county-originations-77sa7vzz.png Table 2-1: Small Farm Loans by County-Originations https://scispace.com/papers/engagement-of-cd44-modulates-cyclooxygenase-induction-vegf-21j9l0tc4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1jpz25wa.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1rdi4y1w.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1bcf1hs2.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1qndtehg.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2n1m6sxd.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/engineering-of-microfabricated-ion-traps-and-integration-of-45tzxqpph9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-method-of-rotating-the-principal-axis-by-angle-th-14b4f3z6.png Figure 2.1 Method of rotating the principal axis by angle, θ using a 6 wire surface trap design [54]. The arrows show the principal axis in the radial directions. The relative sign of the voltage to achieve the rotation is indicated on the electrodes. The scale indicates typical dimensions of the electrodes, however, these can vastly differ depending on the wanted ion height and trap parameters. The central contour plot shows the total potential, ϕtot created from the superposition of (a) the RF Pseudopotential and (b) the DC rotation potential created by asymmetric voltages on DC electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-images-of-reported-ion-traps-a-microfabricated-3d-1ww10upd.png Figure 3.2 – Images of reported ion traps (a) Microfabricated, 3D quadrupole trap - National Physics Laboratory (NPL) - Wilpers et al. [29] (b) Low dielectric exposure - Seoul National University – Hong et al. [95] (c) First 2-D array on a chip and high breakdown voltage - University of Sussex – Sterling et al. [26] (d) Large metal structures – National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) – Arrington et al. [108] (e) Through Silicon Via (TSV) in an ion trap - GTRI/Honeywell – Guise et al. [102] (f) High optical access – Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) – Moehring et al./ Maunz [51], [55] (g) Ion trap fabricated in a CMOS foundry - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) – Stuart et al. [32] (h) Novel fabrication method for thick metal/dielectric layers - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) – Bautista-Salvador et al. [103]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-a-conventional-fabrication-process-flow-of-a-4vkfhv8c.png Figure 3.1. A conventional fabrication process flow of a surface ion trap chip. (a) Forming a ground plane and an insulating layer that isolates the ground plane and the substrate. (b) Deposition of a thick (~µm’s) dielectric layer. (c) Forming a metal layer on the dielectric. (d) Etching of the metal layer to define the electrode patterns. (e) Subsequent etching of the thick dielectric layer. (f) Isotropic etching of the dielectric pillars from the sidewalls to reduce the area of dielectric sidewalls exposed to the ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-optimised-x-junction-electrode-geometry-at-the-2q3ced29.png Figure 2.2. Optimised x-junction electrode geometry at the junction centre (inset image) to reduce the ratio of the motional heating, 𝑛𝑛�̇ , to the spectral voltage noise, 𝑆𝑆𝑉𝑉𝑁𝑁 (red line). It is expressed as the quantity 𝑛𝑛�̇ /𝑆𝑆𝑉𝑉𝑁𝑁 to normalise against material and electronics dependent noise. This ratio provides a measure of the gradient in the pseudopotential and local secular frequency both of which determine the motional heating during ion transport [74]. The blue shaded line shows the RF pseudopotential along the transport direction. The trap potential is evaluated for a 40Ca ion with V= 91 Vrms and Ω= 2π x 58.55 MHz. Figure taken from [76] and modified for continuity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-advanced-on-chip-technology-in-an-ion-trap-it-3mbhszs8.png Figure 5.1 – Advanced on chip technology in an ion trap. It should be noted that not all features are required and their necessity is dependent upon use case. (a) Oscillating gradient CCWs [138] (b) Backside loading [76] (c) Transparent ITO electrode [107] (d) Static gradient CCWs [19] (e) Si3N4 waveguide and grating for individual optical addressing [147] (f) Integrated photon detector [31] (g) Trench capacitors [102] (h) Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) [102] (i) Microchannel cooling [175] (j) Integrated electronics [32]. https://scispace.com/papers/engineering-the-1bs-chromosome-arm-in-wheat-to-remove-the-rf-2t1utnngma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-chromosomes-1bsat-with-reverse-tandem-duplication-1effm1vo.png Fig. 2 Two chromosomes 1BSAT with reverse tandem duplication of ca. 60% of the short arm, tangled in their NOR regions. On the left, normal chromosome 1B. Landmarks are arrowed: C-band S6, normally in the proximal part of the satellite, remnants of the telomeric C-band (labeled “t”), and two NOR regions. Locus Rfmulti is proximal and directly adjacent to the S6 C-band https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-genetic-map-positions-of-the-1rs-1bs-translocation-198ud2hg.png Fig. 1 Genetic map positions of the 1RS–1BS translocation breakpoints in the vicinity of the Rfmulti locus on 1BS. Light shaded areas marked by letter “a” are wheat segments; dark shaded areas marked by letter “b” are rye segments. Non-shaded areas: no clear reading of a marker. Genetic map positions are expressed in relative values (see Lukaszewski 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-secondary-recombinant-chromosomes-from-left-to-right-2yqaodv1.png Fig. 3 Secondary recombinant chromosomes, from left to right 1B25:6, 1B35:6, 1RS49:35.1BL and 1RS33; 34.1BL. In chromosomes 1B white signals of the total genomic rye DNA probe on the short arms show the positions and lengths of rye inserts; in chromosomes 1RS.1BL light signals of the total wheat genomic DNA probe show the positions of wheat chromatin: short inserts on the short arms and entire long arms https://scispace.com/papers/engineering-the-electronic-magnetic-and-gap-related-44vaufp13s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-spin-magnetic-moments-in-b-using-a-23rsa9ht.png TABLE I. Calculated spin magnetic moments in B using a supercell construction for Co2 Cr1−xMnx Al1−ySiy as a function of the concentration of x and y. We do not present the spin moments of the Al and Si atoms since they are very small around −0.10 B for all compounds . All compounds are half-metals and the total spin moment is the ideal one predicted by the Slater–Pauling rule. We scaled the total spin moment to the elementary unit cell containing four atoms only; the unit cell in the supercell calculations contains either 8 or 16 atoms. In the case where there are more than one inequivalent atoms of the same chemical kind, we present the largest spin moment; the difference between this moment and the other moments of the same chemical type are less than 0.05 B in all cases. In parenthesis are the calculated spin magnetic moments using the CPA approximation and in brackets using the VCA approximation. Note that within VCA we have a pseudoatom with 24.5 electrons instead of distinct Co and Mn atoms, and we include these spin moments in both the Co and Mn columns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-total-dos-in-states-ev-for-two-different-325qypt3.png FIG. 6. Color online Total DOS in states/eV for two different compounds using the CPA method and a smearing of 10−4 hartree sp 1 and a smearing of 10−3 hartree sp 10 . The Fermi level was chosen to be the zero of the energy axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-total-dos-in-states-ev-for-four-different-2ypj8rlv.png FIG. 7. Color online Total DOS in states/eV for four different compounds using all three CPA, VCA, and SC methods. Notice that the DOS for the SC calculations has been scaled to the elementary unit cell of four atoms, although the unit cell contains either 8 or 16 atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-spin-up-majority-density-of-states-in-t1nfxqtt.png TABLE II. Calculated spin-up majority density of states in states/eV at the Fermi level for the Co2 Cr1−xMnx Al1−ySiy as a function of x and y concentrations with three different methods: i the coherent potential approximation CPA ; ii the virtual crystal approximation VCA ; and iii using supercell calculations SC . Note that for the SC case the total DOS was scaled as before to an elementary unit cell of four atoms instead of 8 or 16 atoms of the unit cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-structure-1gx2wo03.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic representation of the structure used for the Co2 Cr0.5Mn0.5 Al0.5Si0.5 alloy. In the upper panel is the structure used for the CPA and VCA calculations. In CPA the Cr–Mn site is occupied by Cr atoms with a probability of 50% and by Mn atoms with a probability of 50%. The Al–Si site is also occupied by both Al and Si atoms with 50% probability for each one. In VCA, the Cr–Mn site is occupied by a pseudoatom with a fractional number of valence electrons 24.5 electrons and the Al–Si site by a pseudoatom with 13.5 valence electrons. The unit cell for both CPA and VCA calculations contains four sites. In the lower panel we present the structure for the supercell calculations, where we take a double unit cell with respect to VCA and CPA containing eight atoms Co4CrMnAl compound . In the case where x and/or y take 0.25 or 0.75 as a value we have a unit cell with 16 atoms for the supercell calculations. Note also that there are two inequivalent Co sites in all cases which have the same environment rotated by /2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-total-and-atom-resolved-dos-of-the-co2-1h8j6xgm.png FIG. 8. Color online Total and atom-resolved DOS of the Co2 Cr0.5Mn0.5 Al0.5Si0.5 alloy using the CPA method. The Al and Si DOS was multiplied by a factor of 8. All atom-resolved DOS were scaled to one atom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-same-as-fig-8-using-the-supercell-9fvqeo5j.png FIG. 9. Color online Same as Fig. 8 using the supercell construction. The total DOS was scaled as before to one elementary unit cell of four atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-top-co-resolved-spin-magnetic-moment-in-b-3th6146w.png FIG. 3. Color online Top Co-resolved spin magnetic moment in B as a function of y concentration in Co2 Cr1−xMnx Al1−ySiy using the CPA method. Different bars correspond to different values of x. Bottom Similar to the top panel as a function of x with different bars corresponding to different values of y. https://scispace.com/papers/engineering-the-zro2-pd-interface-for-selective-co2-37hu8sd7ha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-co2-hydrogenation-results-of-the-s1m19whe.png Table 2. Summary of CO2 Hydrogenation Results of the Reference and Overcoated Catalysts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conversion-co-selectivity-and-ch4-selectivity-3h40dzw6.png Figure 3. Conversion, CO selectivity, and CH4 selectivity during CO2 hydrogenation over (a) Pd/Al2O3 and (b) Al2O3@Pd/SiO2. The details of the reaction condition are described in the Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co2-hydrogenation-catalyzed-by-a-zro2-pd-sio2-b-pd-i8g8iplr.png Figure 4. CO2 hydrogenation catalyzed by (a) ZrO2@Pd/SiO2, (b) Pd/ZrO2, and (c) ZrO2@Pd/ZrO2. To be able to compare the conversions directly, the mass of the catalyst in the reactor was adjusted so as to obtain the same WHSV (1060 LCO2·g −1·Pd·h−1 for solid lines and 3000 LCO2· g−1·Pd·h−1 for dash lines) (d) CO chemisorption measurements of the fresh and spent catalysts (targeting total and reversible deactivations by first and second titrations, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-characterization-results-of-reference-3dx9tfss.png Table 1. Summary of the Characterization Results of Reference and Overcoated Catalysts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tem-images-and-pd-particle-size-distributions-of-a-3tw99mn1.png Figure 1. TEM images and Pd particle size distributions of (a) g-Pd/SiO2 and (b) Al2O3@Pd/SiO2 and EDX mappings of (c) Al2O3@Pd/SiO2 and (d) ZrO2@Pd/SiO2. The sub-nanometer Pd clusters observed in panel b are highlighted by red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-situ-drifts-spectra-in-kubelka-munk-k-m-15ih7aul.png Figure 5. In situ DRIFTS spectra in Kubelka−Munk (K−M) transformation units measured in the presence of He and then CO2 and H2 for (a) gPd/SiO2, (b) ZrO2@Pd/SiO2, (c) Pd/ZrO2, and (d) ZrO2@Pd/ZrO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xps-spectra-and-deconvolution-results-for-a-g-pd-13yoyu4g.png Figure 2. XPS spectra and deconvolution results for (a) g-Pd/SiO2, (b) Pd/Al2O3, (c) Al2O3@Pd/SiO2, (d) Pd/ZrO2, (e) ZrO2@Pd/SiO2, and (f) ZrO2@Pd/ZrO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proposed-reaction-networks-of-a-pd-zro2-and-b-zro2-1g2ep22z.png Figure 6. Proposed reaction networks of (a) Pd/ZrO2 and (b) ZrO2@Pd/ZrO2. The yellow and gray spheres represent ZrO2 and Pd, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-electrochemical-stability-by-alkyldiammonium-in-4sfssni371 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-19i4cyif.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-28j2sh0s.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3j1fkkov.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1i7r82ep.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-engine-performance-during-emergency-operation-using-531o477wm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eec-architecture-lightly-shaded-blocks-are-2wjp95rb.png Figure 3 EEC architecture. Lightly shaded blocks are modifications from the standard control architecture. Note that feedback paths were removed for simplification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relationship-between-rise-time-and-minimum-hpc-sm-pf9ttw88.png Figure 9 Relationship between rise time and minimum HPC SM for the baseline controller (CMAPSS40k) and MBEC with a reduced surge margin for emergency scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-the-standard-cmapss40k-2r41rbux.png Figure 4 Comparison between the standard CMAPSS40k controller and MBEC at an altitude of 885.6ft and 0.1081 Mach. The top plot compares the thrust response compares the demanded and the bottom compares EPR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-turbine-inlet-temperature-t40-10-3-risk-level-as-a-ndftqaln.png Figure 8 Turbine inlet temperature (T40) 10-3 risk level as a function of core speed (Risk Boundary) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-failure-probability-for-200-random-cases-9vcu1gpj.png Figure 7 Calculated failure probability for 200 random cases operating at baseline maximum thrust, overthrust using the T50 sensor measurement to limit risk, and overthrust using the T40 measurement available with MBEC to limit risk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mbec-control-architecture-the-thrust-controller-t40-143xdjdq.png Figure 1 MBEC Control Architecture. The thrust controller, T40 Limiter, and SM Limiter all rely on estimated measurements generated from the Optimal Tuner Kalman Filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-average-dynamic-performance-for-1bev0yj4.png Table 2 Comparison of the average dynamic performance for the CMAPSS40k baseline control and MBEC for 500 random takeoff flight conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-relationship-between-the-settling-2al0q4jk.png Figure 5. Comparison of the relationship between the settling time and minimum surge margin for CMAPSS40k and MBEC controlled engines. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-high-temperature-thermoelectric-response-of-ib52diczdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-for-fitting-the-electrical-2elp5ssn.png Table 1. Parameters used for fitting the electrical conductivity data, using equation (2), as shown in Fig.3. For details, please refer text https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-in-vitro-production-of-diosgenin-in-shoot-cultures-besxlnv4nx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2qrm2z3r.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2hrwba0a.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-longevity-in-tau-mutant-syrian-hamsters-563wekaj1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-of-individual-adult-body-weight-at-25-8rdhx5ve.png Figure 3. Relationship of individual adult body weight (at 25 weeks) and life span in male (closed symbols) and female (open symbols) Syrian hamsters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-body-weight-as-a-function-of-age-for-male-and-adkyajss.png Figure 2. Body weight as a function of age for male and female Syrian hamsters: tau +/+ (wild-type), tau +/– (heterozygous mutant), and tau –/– (homozygous mutant). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-life-span-in-weeks-in-male-and-2o9sqec2.png Table 1. Characteristics of life span (in weeks) in male and female hamsters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-specific-survival-curves-for-male-and-female-2s3n595p.png Figure 1. Age-specific survival curves for male and female Syrian hamsters of the three genotypes: tau +/+ (wild-type), tau +/– (heterozygous mutant), and tau –/– (homozygous mutant). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-analysis-of-survival-rates-in-male-and-11982rir.png Table 2. Statistical analysis of survival rates in male and female hamsters of the three genotypes divided into three groups: the overall surviving time, before the first year and after the first year. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-flat-topped-modulation-for-mmc-control-in-hvdc-taiwhxgy54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-variations-per-arm-with-the-sinusoidal-2gogflzl.png Fig. 6. Energy variations per arm with the sinusoidal modulation and flat- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-point-to-point-hvdc-link-using-average-model-30j9mwdj.png Fig. 7. Point-to-point HVDC link using average model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transformer-converter-side-earthing-arrangements-in-1qz6em8s.png Fig. 1. Transformer converter-side earthing arrangements in the Zhoushan HVDC project (±200kV) near Shanghai China (the first 5-terminal MMCHVDC project in the world in operation): (a) Yangshan station and (b) Dinghai and Daishan stations [26-28]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-flat-topped-modulation-for-mmc-control-3p0egw15.png Fig. 3. Proposed flat-topped modulation for MMC control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-alternative-earthing-approaches-for-a-d-winding-of-the-241gwiqk.png Fig. 2. Alternative earthing approaches for a D winding of the interface transformer: (a) three-phase earthing reactor [26-28] and (b) zig-zag transformer [29, 30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-sinusoidal-modulation-and-proposed-tw83g30y.png Fig. 8. Comparison between sinusoidal modulation and proposed control scheme in normal operation: (a) AC phase voltages referenced to the DC-link mid-point, (b) AC currents, (c) arm currents, and (d) arm voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ac-voltages-of-the-test-hvdc-link-3g2iwj2p.png TABLE III AC voltages of the Test HVDC link. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reference-voltages-of-the-proposed-flat-topped-3vggmbbp.png Fig. 4. Reference voltages of the proposed flat-topped modulation for MMC https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-microalgal-biofilm-formation-and-facilitated-2ci2p37i5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-c-velocity-streamline-and-d-f-wall-shear-contour-1y7zxi7h.png Fig. 8 (a-c) Velocity, streamline and (d-f) wall shear contour line profiles simulated by CFD modeling for the patterned membrane with (a and d) pattern https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-nio-dispersion-on-a-high-surface-area-pillared-i0lyc9ewa2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-catalysts-fw68bgv7.png Table 2. Characteristics of catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-support-byvafp64.png Table 1. Characteristics of support. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-catalytic-results-in-the-odh-of-ethane-a-364mchl7.png Table 3. Catalytic results in the ODH of ethane.a https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-paxos-commit-for-transactions-on-dhts-109qgnhn2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-of-quorum-reads-left-and-transactions-with-2gic3p9s.png Fig. 3. Performance of quorum reads (left) and transactions with Paxos (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scalaris-ring-with-two-items-keya-and-keyb-rt4lbt3w.png Fig. 2. Scalaris ring with two items keyA and keyB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timeline-diagram-of-a-scalaris-commit-2watzgt2.png Fig. 1. Timeline diagram of a Scalaris commit. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-performance-of-an-affinity-biosensor-interface-3tiyx03c89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-plasmon-resonance-sensograms-showing-the-3agtnlan.png Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance sensograms showing the association and dissociation of different concentrations of HSA and of HSA spiked with IgG on a mixed SAM1 covered with anti-HSA. The recognition of a nonspecific analyte (IgG) is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-plasmon-resonance-signals-for-the-3afjspt9.png Figure 6. Surface plasmon resonance signals for the recognition of 100 ng/mL of HSA, 10 µg/mL HSA, and 10 µg/mL of a nonspecific analyte (IgG) on different surfaces and different anti-HSA coupling procedures. Error bars indicate the absolute standard deviation of at least two lines on at least two samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-association-and-dissociation-of-200-ng-ml-2-94-3hx8aal5.png Figure 7. The association and dissociation of 200 ng/mL (2.94 nM) of HSA by the immobilized anti-HSA on both the CM5chip and the mixed SAM1. These curves are normalized at the maximum response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-mixed-sams-rw8pxdz2.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the mixed SAMs consisting of 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanoic acid and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol, i.e., SAM1 (a), and of 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanoic acid and 2-(2-(2-(6-mercaptohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, i.e., SAM2 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cyclic-voltammograms-for-different-ratios-of-16-yfzp0vgy.png Figure 2. Cyclic voltammograms for different ratios of 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanoic acid and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol in the mixed SAM1 on the gold electrodes. Measurements were performed in 6 mM K3Fe(CN)6 in 1 M KCl with a scan rate of 0.1 V s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spr-signals-for-the-covalent-coupling-of-anti-hsa-2dzhxrdr.png Figure 3. SPR signals for the covalent coupling of anti-HSA (from 500 µg/mL in 10 mM acetate buffer pH ) 5) onto mixed SAM1 and the recognition of 10 µg/mL HSA (in HBS buffer) by the immobilized anti-HSA versus the dilution factors of 16- MHA in the mixed 16-MHA/11-MUOH alkylthiol mixture (in ethanol solution) used to prepare the monolayer. Error bars indicate the absolute standard deviation of at least two lines on at least two samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spr-signals-for-the-covalent-coupling-of-anti-hsa-38xq2ajm.png Figure 4. SPR signals for the covalent coupling of anti-HSA, streptavidin (500 µg/mL in 10 mM acetate buffer pH ) 5) and biotinylated anti-HSA (500 µg/mL in HBS buffer) onto mixed SAM1 or onto a homogeneous SAM of 16-MHA. Error bars indicate the absolute standard deviation of at least two lines on at least two samples. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-near-infrared-absorption-for-laser-powder-bed-2i2m0rc49x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-laser-powder-bed-fusion-lpbf-of-fused-silica-sio-2-uabfxigb.png Fig. 1. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of fused silica, SiO 2 , powder mixtures using a near-infrared laser beam . a , Schematic of the powder production process where powder mixtures undergo mechanical mixing, drying, and sieving, resulting in SiO 2 + nano carbon or SiO 2 + reduced graphene oxide (after heat treatment) - insets show the typical powder morphology; b , glass mixtures are then processed by an In Situ and Operando Process Replicator (ISOPR) to produce large-scale sample coupons and c . glass structures of Imperial College London crossover with University College London (ICL x UCL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lpbf-of-glass-monitored-by-in-situ-and-operando-high-3excoiu3.png Fig. 2. LPBF of glass monitored by in situ and operando high-speed X-ray imaging . (a) Schematic of the ISOPR and high-speed imaging setup at beamline I13–2, Diamond Light Source, UK. Time-series radiographs (see Supplementary videos 1–4 for full video) captured during LPBF of (b-c) SiO 2 + nano-C and (d-e) SiO 2 + rGO powders. Powders are fused by a focused laser beam (nominal power 200 W; scan speed, v , of 25 or 50 mm s −1 ). The light grey, mid-grey, and dark grey pixels represent the background, powder bed, and melt track, respectively. The red dotted arrows indicate the scan direction of the laser beam. Blue arrows indicate the flow direction of argon gas. Magenta and green highlights show the sintered powder and powder spatter, respectively. Scale bar = 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-powder-characterisation-of-sio-2-sio-2-nano-c-and-sio-3b51a9r9.png Fig. 4. Powder characterisation of SiO 2 , SiO 2 + nano-C and SiO 2 + rGO : a , Diffuse reflectance measurement in Kubelka-Munk unit or F (R) . The red region indicates the wavelength of the laser beam (1030 – 1070 nm), Tauc plots of b , SiO 2 + nano-C and c ,SiO 2 + rGO where the red arrows indicate the signal variations when changing light source; d , a zoom-in ATR-FTIR spectrum (the full version is available in Supplementary figure 8 ). e , Raman spectra of SiO 2 + rGO (magenta), SiO 2 + nano-C (green), SiO 2 (black), and borosilicate substrate (blue), high-resolution XPS spectra of C 1s, f, SiO 2 + nano-C and g, SiO 2 + rGO, and h, the differentiated C KLL curve calculated from the XPS survey scans of the SiO 2 + nano-C and SiO 2 + rGO powder examples. The d parameter measures the energy separation between maxima and minima in the differentiated C KLL spectrum and is denoted as d rGO and d nano- C . Peak assignment details are recorded in Supplementary information . (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-density-plot-of-glass-tracks-produced-by-lpbf-uf0doowb.png Fig. 3. Relative density (%) plot of glass tracks produced by LPBF. The green and magenta colours indicate the results from SiO 2 + nano-C and SiO 2 + rGO, respectively. The linear energy density is calculated by dividing laser power and scan speeds. The three-dimensional rendered image volumes are generated from X-ray computed tomography scans and they are overlaid with their corresponding pore volume. Scale bar = 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-xps-quantification-analysis-of-the-c-1s-scan-in-sio-2tgg6m4s.png Table 1 XPS quantification analysis of the C 1s scan in SiO 2 + nano-C and SiO 2 + rGO powder mixtures. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-plasticity-of-programmed-dna-elimination-boosts-3x81dc917x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ies-containing-genes-are-enriched-in-specific-j42rh4yu.png Table 1. IES-containing genes are enriched in specific molecular functions and biological 468   processes. GO ID, GO term IDs. Annotated, number of genes mapped to the corresponding GO term 469   in the genome. Obs, Observed number of genes; Exp, Expected number of genes. Fold, Fold 470   Enrichment of the functional category. FDR (False Discovery Rate), Fisher’s exact test with Benjamini-471   Hochberg correction for multiple testing, Padj < 0.05. The results shown in the table were obtained 472   using the Panther gene list analysis tool. Similar results were obtained performing the functional 473   enrichment analysis with the topGO package (not shown). The outcome of the GO-Term analysis was 474   highly consistent between gene annotation versions (macronuclear gene models v1 and v2). 475 https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-transmission-versus-localization-of-a-light-pulse-wgls22hw8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-energy-flux-of-a-transmitted-pulse-at-the-2m3tp9hb.png FIG. 4. The energy flux of a transmitted pulse at the distanceuzu=a/2. (a), (c) The nonresonant transmission by the slit(2a=25 nm, b=200 nm;t=100 fs and 5 fs, respectively). (b), (d) The resonant transmission by the slit(2a=25 nm,b=350 nm;t=100 fs and 5 fs, respectively). The central wavelength of the incident wavepacket isl0=800 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-energy-flux-of-a-transmitted-pulse-at-the-37yu0kcm.png FIG. 5. The energy flux of a transmitted pulse at the distanceuzu=a. (a), (c) The nonresonant transmission by the slit(2a=25 nm, b=200 nm;t=100 fs and 5 fs, respectively). (b) The resonant transmission by the slit(2a=25 nm,b=350 nm;t=100 fs and 5 fs, respectively). The central wavelength of the incident wavepacket isl0=800 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancement-of-sandwich-algorithms-for-approximating-higher-2hvhhkgglc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-approximation-of-craft-7xuwiu40.png Figure 8: Approximation of CRAFT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-approximation-of-enhanced-2fjdfw0u.png Figure 10: Approximation of ENHANCED. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ps-of-test-case-1-2rsl1dxe.png Figure 7: PS of test case 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-approximation-of-solanki-2r6t77fx.png Figure 9: Approximation of SOLANKI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-improved-error-calculation-with-dummy-2mhqge4i.png Figure 3: Example of improved error calculation with dummy points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-ps-ips-of-test-case-1-as-function-of-nopt-37s0g73w.png Figure 5: α(PS, IPS) of test case 1 as function of nopt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-ops-ips-of-test-case-1-as-function-of-nopt-kjfnnfdh.png Figure 6: α(OPS, IPS) of test case 1 as function of nopt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-ps-ips-of-test-case-2-as-function-of-nopt-1jy56bac.png Figure 11: α(PS, IPS) of test case 2 as function of nopt. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-destination-competitiveness-through-disability-333v10wzed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-spectrum-sport-and-event-examples-adapted-1yhj7akv.png Table 1 Inclusion spectrum: Sport and event examples (adapted from Misener and Darcy, 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-destination-competitiveness-and-sustainability-1dpo191m.png Figure 1 Destination Competitiveness and Sustainability Source: Dickson and Darcy (2012) (Adapted from Ritchie and Crouch (2000)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-principles-of-the-un-convention-on-the-bej0oyva.png Figure 2 General principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-ecosystem-services-maps-combining-field-and-2gi59hst8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-combined-field-models-for-four-ecosystem-services-3pokvbfz.png Table 3. Combined field models for four ecosystem services using field data (response variable) and cartographic and remote sensed data 1 (independent variables). AICc: Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample size, Wi: Akaike Weight. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-validation-for-the-combined-field-models-g4yndnq4.png Fig. 3. Results of validation for the Combined Field Models (CFM) and Look Up Table (LUT) approach comparing observed values (test data set) versus modeled values for: (a) above-ground carbon storage (b) forage, (c) firewood and (d) timber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maps-of-es-delivery-in-a-watershed-of-western-mexico-1cvgv34c.png Fig. 2. Maps of ES delivery in a watershed of western Mexico using the CFM and LUT approach. (a) Above-ground carbon storage in tons per hectare, (b) Forage supply in kilograms per hectare (c) Firewood supply in tons per hectare and (d) Timber supply in m³ per hectare. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residual-maps-generated-by-the-geographically-weighted-33wnalsu.png Fig. 4. Residual maps generated by the Geographically Weighted Regression through a series of local ecosystem service regression models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-value-standard-error-of-the-ecosystem-z8cx70wm.png Table 2. Average value (±Standard Error) of the ecosystem services obtained in the field by land cover category that were used in the LUT approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-land-cover-map-of-the-cuixmala-watershed-and-location-2rt9krwz.png Fig. 1. Land cover map of the Cuixmala Watershed and location of field sites. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-passwords-security-using-deceptive-covert-2q5fv9a84b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schemes-comparison-2ba6nrup.png Table 1. Schemes Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-protocol-run-35wlb8mw.png Fig. 2. Protocol Run https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-man-in-the-middle-mitm-vs-man-in-the-browser-mitb-16gjsfit.png Fig. 1. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) vs. Man-in-the-Browser (MitB) https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-fault-tolerance-of-autonomous-mobile-robots-3vtgt6d297 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagnosis-process-logic-24m17sv0.png Figure 6: Diagnosis process logic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-ishikawa-diagram-structure-18413nvu.png Figure 3: An Ishikawa diagram structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-structure-of-our-fmeca-table-2ad53dra.png Table 1: Basic structure of our FMECA table https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mission-description-relevant-information-1thnx7t4.png Table 4: Mission description: relevant information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fault-tolerance-diagram-12k23nrb.png Figure 1: Fault tolerance diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-the-failure-severity-ji17hhg5.png Figure 4: Determination of the failure severity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detection-module-types-1m0dgcdq.png Figure 5: Detection module types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-delivery-mission-scenario-1epg6oan.png Figure 10: Delivery mission scenario https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-the-controlled-disclosure-of-sensitive-information-24khaxopcq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-disclosure-control-algorithm-that-defeats-join-and-a3gt98rv.png Fig. 4. Disclosure control algorithm that defeats join and complement attacks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-phonebook-example-1tfuf1ec.png Fig. 1. The Phonebook example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-disclosure-relationships-between-a-query-and-a-concept-xbn14uhg.png Fig. 2. Disclosure relationships between a query and a concept https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-disclosure-relationships-based-on-critical-overlap-1vkbxsxo.png Fig. 3. Disclosure relationships based on critical overlap https://scispace.com/papers/entanglement-of-spin-waves-among-four-quantum-memories-3qbjo939ye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temporal-decay-of-coherences-stored-in-four-atomic-qxsyrc9g.png FIG. 3: Temporal decay of coherences stored in four atomic ensembles. a, Evolution of the photon probabilities {p1000, p0100, p0010, p0001} for occupying the output modes of the verification interferometer versus storage time τ . For readability, the heights of the bars are shown in accord to the color convention of inset i. Error bars, shown as grey squares, reflect the statistical uncertainties for each point. b, Photon probabilities {p1000, p0100, p0010, p0001} from our theoretical model, which assumes a memory time determined from the temperature of the cold atomic samples and the net momentum transfer to the atomic spin-waves (Appendix). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-experiment-a-quantum-memories-and-3q389j0j.png FIG. 1: Overview of the experiment. a, Quantum memories and interfaces for multipartite quantum networks. Entangled state ρ̂(A)W for four atomic ensembles = {a, b, c, d} is heralded by a photoelectric detection event at detector Dh derived from quantum interference of four fields γ1 = {a1, b1, c1, d1}. After a user-defined delay τ , read lasers are applied to the individual ensembles to coherently transform the atomic entangled state ρ̂(A)W into quadripartite entangled beams of light ρ̂ (γ) W , with each beam propagating through quantum channels γ2 = {a2, b2, c2, d2}. Intensity modulators IMwrite,read control the intensities of the writing and reading beams. Inset i, a fluorescence image of the laser-cooled atomic samples {a, b, c, d} (Appendix). b, Entanglement generation. A weak write laser is split into four components to excite atomic ensembles {a, b, c, d} via parametric interactions Ûwrite. A single Raman scattered photon for four fields γ1 is emitted by the ensembles and detected by a projective measurement Π̂h at detector Dh, which signals the creation of an entangled state ρ̂ (A) W for ensembles {a, b, c, d} (Eq. 1). c, Quantum-state exchange and entanglement verification. A strong read pulse is sent into the four atomic ensembles, and the atomic state ρ̂(A)W is mapped to an entangled state of light ρ̂ (γ) W for four fields γ2 (Eq. 2) via quantum-state transfers, Ûread. This entangled field state then propagates to the entanglement verification ports. (i) Upper panel for yc-measurement − The quantum statistics {qi,j,k,l} of ρ̂ (γ) W are measured with projectors {Π̂ (s) i } for the modes at detectorsDa,b,c,d. (ii) Lower panel for ∆-measurement− By rerouting the relevant fibre-optical connections, we access mutual coherences for ρ̂(A)W with projectors {Π̂ (c) i } from detection statistics pijkl at Da,b,c,d. States |g〉, |s〉 are hyperfine ground states F = 4, F = 3 of 6S1/2 in atomic Caesium; state |e〉 is the hyperfine level F ′ = 4 of the electronic excited state 6P3/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dissipative-dynamics-of-atomic-entanglement-a-time-3n4f4p4h.png FIG. 4: Dissipative dynamics of atomic entanglement. a, Time-evolution of the entanglement parameters {∆(τ), yc(τ)} versus τ for the multipartite quantum state. We observe the crossing of the boundaries defining the minimum uncertainties for 3-mode (red surface, ∆(3)b ), 2-mode (green surface, ∆(2)b ) entangled states, and 1-mode (purple surface, ∆ (1) b ) separable states. For clarity, the data points and theoretical curve are colored to indicate the various entanglement orders for the quadripartite (black), tripartite (red), bipartite entangled (green) states, and fully separable states (purple). The projections of the data points into the planes (yc, τ) and (∆, τ) are shown as gray points to display the individual passages of the quantum statistics and coherences, respectively. b, Projection of entanglement dynamics onto the (∆, yc) plane. The various entanglement transitions from a are shown for our measurement and theory. Error bars for the data represent 1/e-errors from a conservative optimization analysis for evaluating {∆, yc} that reflects the parameters’ statistical and systematic uncertainties. The curves are from a theoretical model that includes motional dephasing. https://scispace.com/papers/entitlement-and-evidence-4cce7fpyk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1hc9t7ka.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/entitybot-supporting-everyday-digital-tasks-with-entity-2149etogh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-states-of-entitybots-user-interface-11-12n67oc2.png Figure 1: Two states of EntityBot’s user interface [11]. Recommended entities are displayed within four rows, here with five items each: people, applications, documents, and topics. The user can select entities of interest by clicking on them, which updates the recommendations. Example: In (a), the user sees entities related to her current work. She notices figures she has made for one of her papers (a1). She clicks on “Illustrator” (an application for editing vector graphics) (a2), then on the topic “diagram” (a3). (b) As a result, the entities of interest are displayed in the top area (b1) and the system updates the recommendations accordingly with the user’s selection. In the documents row, she selects an illustration (b2) that she will modify for use in her new paper. https://scispace.com/papers/entrepreneurship-in-scotland-1851-1911-51wj1jdllu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entrepreneur-numbers-by-gender-1851-1901-source-bbce-2kqeafr7.png Table 1. Entrepreneur numbers by gender, 1851-1901. Source: BBCE and I-CeM. Note: In each year a small number of entrepreneurs have unknown gender in I-CeM and they are not included in this table. https://scispace.com/papers/entropy-driven-spontaneous-formation-of-highly-porous-films-3hrxgepwd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surface-energy-dependent-porosity-of-the-films-2haf24vh.png Table 1. Surface energy dependent porosity of the films following curing/calcination. Surface energies were calculated using the method described in [6]. All the films were cured/calcinated in a pre-heated furnace at 470 ◦C for 5 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pmssq-nanoparticle-ppg-system-behavior-at-low-2ptr13xg.png Figure 7. PMSSQ nanoparticle-PPG system behavior at low temperatures. The films were deposited on hydrogen terminated silicon substrates and stored at room temperature >12 h before imaging. (The magnified image on the right was taken with an optical microscope with 10× magnification.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-pmssq-ppg-system-under-high-3jcbx3xx.png Figure 1. Schematic of the PMSSQ-PPG system under high temperature curing conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-refractive-index-of-the-film-as-a-function-of-ydkp5794.png Figure 5. (a) Refractive index of the film as a function of curing/calcination temperature, (b) thickness of the films as a function of the curing/calcination temperature. All the films were prepared on hydrogen terminated silicon substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-refractive-index-as-a-function-of-ppg-weight-per-1cltuiqb.png Figure 6. Refractive index as a function of PPG weight per cent w.r.t to PMSSQ nanoparticles. All the films were prepared on hydrogen terminated silicon substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-tem-of-the-pmssq-nanoparticles-used-in-this-study-2eufwwni.png Figure 2. (a) TEM of the PMSSQ nanoparticles used in this study, (b) and (c) SEM of the film cross section at different magnifications. The films were deposited on H-passivated silicon substrates followed by a rapid thermal curing/calcination at 500 ◦C/5 min (d) pore size distribution of the films obtained through nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thickness-and-refractive-index-of-the-films-as-a-29c7uvz7.png Figure 4. Thickness and refractive index of the films as a function of curing/calcination time (curing/calcination temperature = 530 ◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fourier-transform-infrared-spectra-ftir-of-the-2xefocis.png Figure 3. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) of the films treated at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/entry-and-exit-product-variety-and-the-business-cycle-4y5fv6vtja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experiments-with-alternative-markups-monopolistic-2os15km6.png Table 4 Experiments with Alternative Markups Monopolistic Competition with Entry; (-1,4'=0) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiments-with-elastic-labor-supply-deg-0-1kkpap6x.png Table 3 Experiments with Elastic Labor Supply: (=°. ('=0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impulse-response-capital-q7m1ik98.png Figure 3 Impulse Response: Capital https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-parameter-values-190aqzjw.png Table 1 Baseline Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiments-with-zero-serial-correlation-in-2vhoqbbx.png Table 2 Experiments with Zero Serial Correlation in Technology Shock (4'=O) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-serially-correlated-technology-shocks-and-u-s-data-107zwtq7.png Table 6b Serially Correlated Technology Shocks and U.S. Data: Elastic Labor Supply u=0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-serially-correlated-technology-shocks-and-u-s-data-3rp5v2ub.png Table 6b Serially Correlated Technology Shocks and U.S. Data: Elastic Labor Supply u=0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-preference-shocks-b-1-o-9b-e-e-ej-0-var-ej-o-0072-0-1efmfsyj.png Table 5 Preference Shocks:B,1 = O.9B + e. E(eJ 0, Var(eJ = O.0072, =0 https://scispace.com/papers/entropy-generation-in-laminar-boundary-layers-of-non-ideal-3l3xw3s3dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dimensionless-velocity-and-temperature-profile-2v91z2uy.png Fig. 3. Dimensionless velocity and temperature profile, dissipation coefficient, and global loss coefficient for Helium, CO2, and Toluene at Me = 1. The dashed line in the Cd plot refers to the trend for incompressible flows given in [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dimensionless-velocity-and-temperature-profile-16tll2er.png Fig. 2. Dimensionless velocity and temperature profile, dissipation coefficient, and loss coefficient for air at three different Mach numbers. The dashed line in the Cd plot refers to the trend for incompressible flows given in [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-for-mm-in-ideal-and-nicfd-conditions-at-me-2-30tv0p6g.png Fig. 5. Results for MM in ideal and NICFD conditions at Me = 2. Top: dimensionless velocity and temperature distribution. Bottom: dissipation coefficient and ChapmanRubesin parameter within the boundary layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-for-co2-in-ideal-and-nicfd-conditions-at-me-2-1a3s09lg.png Fig. 4. Results for CO2 in ideal and NICFD conditions at Me = 2. Top: dimensionless velocity and temperature distribution. Bottom: dissipation coefficient and ChapmanRubesin parameter within the boundary layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-cases-examined-in-this-study-3ffov2tj.png Table 1. Test cases examined in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-simulations-performed-in-the-nicfd-1utni6ll.png Table 2. Summary of the simulations performed in the NICFD region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contours-of-compressibility-factor-z-of-co2-and-3ef4he51.png Fig. 1. Contours of compressibility factor z of CO2 and Siloxane MM. The black dots indicate the reduced conditions of the flow at the edge of the boundary layer considered in the present study. https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-and-societal-attitudes-to-working-hours-in-1y48xz6rw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-2qayr7ra.png Table 4: Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-environmental-concern-gjg780kw.png Figure 3: Distribution of environmental concern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-working-hours-preferred-38vwbpeo.png Figure 2: Working hours preferred https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-variables-y1-total-hours-normally-worked-3th5p2eh.png Table 1: Dependent variables: y1 (total hours normally worked per week in the main job, overtime included); y2 (how many hours would you choose to work weekly?) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accounting-for-gender-differences-dependent-variable-g47fcz1c.png Table 2: Accounting for gender differences (dependent variable y1 and y2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-european-social-survey-countries-od6m5vr8.png Table 3: European Social Survey countries https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-distribution-and-health-impacts-of-as-and-pb-33pngr66mg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transfer-factors-to-the-edible-fraction-tf-daily-2zcf6y2u.png Table 4 Transfer factors to the edible fraction (TF), daily intake (DI), and estimated daily exposure (EDE) for As and Pb in the three studied crops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-left-and-location-right-of-the-sampling-3h2yw61x.png Fig. 1 Study area (left), and location (right) of the sampling points in relation to the Vinto Metallurgical Complex (VMC). Solid rhombi show the sampling areas with alfalfa, solid circles show the areas with carrots, and open rhombi show the areas with onion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concentrations-of-as-above-and-pb-below-in-all-2lwooc5c.png Fig. 4 Concentrations of As (above) and Pb (below) in all analyzed crop samples, separated into shoot (open symbols) and root (filled symbols) fraction, and according to distance from VMC smelter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-soil-ph-filled-rhombi-and-electrical-conductivity-1grzhqze.png Fig. 3 a soil pH (filled rhombi) and electrical conductivity (open squares), b soil As (open triangles) and Pb (filled circles) in mg/kg dry weight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-concentrations-of-as-left-and-pb-right-in-all-2574hrvj.png Fig. 2 Mean concentrations of As (left) and Pb (right) in all samples of each crop and in the soil samples underneath, with standard deviations https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-drivers-of-the-forest-regeneration-in-1ukgtygruv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-the-main-tree-species-in-the-overstory-1adv35wt.png Table 2. Proportion of the main tree species in the overstory and in the regeneration layer. In 320 the overstory, it is expressed as the relative volume of the species, in the case of the 321 regeneration layer relative cover is shown. 322 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-study-area-in-the-orseg-region-west-hungary-n-1wsbi1t1.png Fig. 1. The study area in the Őrség region, West Hungary (N 46152 squares show the sampling plots.153 154 In the area, there are forests 155 similar climatic, topographical and bedrock conditions. Dominant species are 156 sylvatica), sessile and pedunculate oak (157 betulus), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris158 monospecific and mixed stands. The proportion of 159 pendula, Populus tremula, Castanea sativa, Prunus avium160 2002). Tree height varies between 20161 The present diversity of the forests in the area is partly caused by the special landscape history162 (Tímár et al. 2002, Markovics 2016163 use activities, such as litter collection and164 deforestation and acidification of the area165 extensive farming was repressed166 pioneer tree species (Betula pendula, Populus tremula167 spontaneous selective cutting: firewood was selectively logged every year, but trees for timber 168 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potential-explanatory-variables-minimum-mean-and-1s5zwwdf.png Table 1. Potential explanatory variables. Minimum, mean and maximum values are given for 195 the 34 studied plots. 196 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significant-explanatory-variables-of-the-different-1ddor9we.png Table 5. Significant explanatory variables of the different regression models. R2: adjusted 375 coefficient of determination of the models; Sense: the sense of the parameter of the variables 376 in the regression equation; Variance %: the percentage of the explained variance by the 377 variable within the model. The significance of explained variance was tested by F statistics 378 *** p<0.001; ** p<0.01;* p<0.05. Partial models show the effect of the different explanatory 379 variables once the effect of the mother trees (relative volume of the given tree species in the 380 overstory) has been taken into account. 381 https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-economics-and-venture-capital-u5p72igz46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-carbon-dioxide-released-in-million-of-metric-tons-18evqm13.png Figure 1: Carbon Dioxide Released in Million of Metric Tons, Spain and the United States https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-carbon-dioxide-released-in-million-of-metric-tons-1pobcn4c.png Figure 2: Carbon Dioxide Released in Million of Metric Tons, World, OECD Total and the United States https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-coefficients-215yad5h.png Table 2: Pearson Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-venture-capital-real-investment-in-the-venture-15wnl3in.png Figure 5: Venture Capital Real Investment in the Venture Capital Industry Stratified by Regions in the United States https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-for-number-of-deals-in-the-clean-1zmdcoeg.png Table 3: Regression Results for Number of Deals in the Clean-tech Industry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-venture-backed-real-investment-in-clean-tech-yn559m7i.png Figure 4: Venture-Backed Real Investment in Clean-Tech Industry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-venture-backed-number-of-deals-in-clean-tech-3ed7bc5r.png Figure 3: Venture-Backed Number of Deals in Clean-Tech Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-for-venture-backed-investment-in-bpd0beje.png Table 4: Regression Results for Venture-Backed Investment in the Clean-tech Industry https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-drivers-of-varying-selective-optima-in-a-small-1fruvh2iai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-log-of-the-hazard-per-year-upper-plot-and-the-fui8zf88.png Figure 2. The log of the hazard (per year) (upper plot) and the resulting probability of surviving each episode (lower plot) as a function of mother age. Mean hazard and survival are computed at optimal egg-laying date and at the most frequent clutch size (five eggs), at mean altitude, population density, and winter temperature for each episode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-annual-optimal-clutch-size-plot-a-and-118ytmbi.png Figure 4. Estimated annual optimal clutch size (plot A) and laying dates (plot B) for the best model (Table 1). In plot B, the red and green curves are the estimated optimal laying dates in terms of survival during episodes 1 and 2, respectively, and the black curve the optimal laying date for both episodes combined. Note that the overall optima (black curve) nearly coincide with the optima of the episode 2. All optima are estimated at the average altitude and for themost frequent clutch size (five eggs). Gray lines representmean phenotypic values and the size of the gray dots the frequencies of different phenotypes in the total population. The minor tick marks in plot B are located as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observed-frequencies-of-different-clutch-sizes-in-11li8bzq.png Table 3. Observed frequencies of different clutch sizes in the population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-estimated-with-the-best-model-retained-pognc2wk.png Table 1. Parameters estimated with the best model retained (Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-a-survival-rate-on-episode-1-from-egg-to-11ev75kf.png Figure 3. Estimated (A) survival rate on episode 1 (from egg to fledgling stage, in red), (B) survival rate on episode 2 (from fledgling to recruit stage, in green), and (C) total fecundity rate (i.e., total survival rate from egg to recruit stage × clutch size, in black) as a function of egg-laying dates and clutch sizes. Mean vital rates are computed at average altitude, population density, and winter temperature. The red cross indicates mean clutch size and mean egg-laying date observed during the study period. The minor tick marks are at the 10th, 20th, and 30th of each month. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-optimal-black-line-and-observedmean-gray-1yri4wr8.png Figure 5. Estimated optimal (black line) and observedmean (gray line) egg-laying dates as a function of altitude (mean centered), togetherwith observed egg-laying dates (gray dots). Dot size illustrates the number of individuals exhibiting the same laying date at a given altitude. Estimated optimal egg-laying dates are computed at average population density and winter temperature. The minor tick marks are located as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-selection-displayed-are-the-tested-models-11ouoy7p.png Table 2. Model selection—Displayed are the tested models derived from the best model retained. AIC and p are the relative differences to the best model in AIC values and number of parameters p, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dipper-life-cycle-episode-1-corresponds-to-the-2nx7ek20.png Figure 1. Dipper life cycle. Episode 1 corresponds to the episode from egg to fledgling stage (in red), episode 2 from fledgling to recruit stage (in green), and episode 3 corresponds to adult female stage (in blue). https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-protection-preferences-under-strain-an-18h97ixo1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-of-the-change-in-environmental-protection-2l8hunyx.png Table 4. Regression of the change in environmental protection v. income question https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-change-in-response-to-environmental-protection-v-k0vyjmp6.png Table 1. Change in response to environmental protection v. income question 2002-2008 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-change-in-retrospective-economic-evaluations-and-2m0g9id0.png Table 2. Change in retrospective economic evaluations and household finances 2002-2008 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-changes-in-environmental-protection-28ri9yi5.png Table 3. Individual changes in environmental protection response by their changes in their retrospective economic evaluations and household finances from 2005-2008 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fixed-effect-ordered-logistic-regression-of-39s9gufa.png Table 5. Fixed effect ordered logistic regression of environmental protection v. safeguarding income question (2002-2008) https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-stimulation-does-not-reduce-impulsive-choice-2rfovghns7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-31rlbgly.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/eosinophilic-esophagitis-impact-of-latest-insights-into-ip1qurbznj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differential-diagnosis-of-esophageal-eosinophilia-3juc8925.png Table 1. Differential diagnosis of esophageal eosinophilia https://scispace.com/papers/epa-energy-star-tackling-growth-in-home-electronics-and-5d62471ovy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-national-consumption-of-ce-and-me-loads-2mpf91le.png Figure 1. National consumption of CE and ME loads https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-energy-star-residential-ce-and-me-3o3a97tb.png Table 1. Summary of ENERGY STAR Residential CE and ME products https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-home-desktop-energy-consumption-2v3o2x0i.png Figure 5. Comparison of Home Desktop Energy Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-star-market-penetration-2mq0olug.png Figure 4. ENERGY STAR Market Penetration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-factory-default-luminance-settings-for-displays-l2bi1qtg.png Figure 7. Factory Default Luminance Settings for Displays without Internal Tuners https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-on-power-consumption-of-displays-tested-at-factory-2u5gyao0.png Figure 6. On Power Consumption of Displays Tested at Factory Default Luminance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-breakdown-of-reference-case-consumption-by-product-2mj6r4sd.png Figure 2. Breakdown of Reference Case Consumption by Product Category https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-projected-and-potential-energy-savings-for-three-end-3eicoltb.png Table 2. Projected and Potential Energy Savings for Three End Use Strategies https://scispace.com/papers/epidemiological-and-spatial-factors-for-tuberculosis-a-pwxzy0toyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-study-area-nagata-of-kobe-city-b-spatial-1tdfsz8a.png Figure 1. A) Map of study area, Nagata of Kobe city. B) Spatial distribution of clustered TB patients in the targeted hospital. Kernel Density Estimation map was constructed based on Geographically Information System data which were collected by medical records. QGIS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-tb-patients-in-nagata-and-the-targeted-1kr3ibt9.png Figure 2. Number of TB patients in Nagata and the targeted hospital by year, 2000-2016. TB = tuberculosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-logistic-regression-model-for-the-15ugpm4x.png Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression model for the association of clinical characteristics and socio-demographic variables with TB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-diagram-for-the-enrollment-of-study-yv1ees1g.png Figure 3. Flow diagram for the enrollment of study participants in the matched case-control study. TB = tuberculosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-poisson-regression-model-for-the-association-of-3b0j7cvb.png Table 3 Poisson regression model for the association of spatial patterns and sociogeographic characteristics with TB https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-background-characteristics-of-103-tb-cases-and-299-xgnk13tw.png Table 1 Background characteristics of 103 TB cases and 299 controls* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-l-function-between-the-locations-of-cases-and-sj1am96z.png Figure 4. Cross-L function between the locations of cases and controls using R. https://scispace.com/papers/epidemiology-of-asexuality-induced-by-the-endosymbiotic-32uxdq11c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-collection-data-for-the-specimens-used-in-the-study-zrc1lrzh.png Table 1. Collection data for the specimens used in the study of 15 arrhenotokous and all the currently known thelytokous species (N=10) in the Megastigmus genus. A: arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. T: thelytokous parthenogenesis. Note that Torymus azureus was used as an outgroup for building the COI phylogenetic tree of the Megastigmus genus presented in Fig. 1. Specimens collected outside of their native range belonged to invasive populations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wolbachia-infection-rates-in-control-and-1jdn59t8.png Table 3. Wolbachia infection rates in control and tetracycline-treated females of M. pinsapinis (thelytokous) and M. schimitscheki (arrhenotokous), and brood size and proportions of males produced by control and tetracycline-treated females of these species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-megastigmus-species-screened-for-bacterial-infection-1pk5j28e.png Table 2. Megastigmus species screened for bacterial infection (+) or non-infection (-) using PCR with Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus and Rickettsia-specific primers. Each female was screened for all target endosymbionts. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) gene of the Megastigmus host was amplified when no bacterial-specific primers yielded PCR products to test for correct DNA extraction in the procedure. N: number of females tested for infection. +: amplification of the primer. -: no amplification of the primer tested. NA: non available data. https://scispace.com/papers/epidemiological-characteristics-of-1212-covid-19-patients-in-4wujrgmee2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-results-of-estimated-as-well-as-fitted-3v8bkhos.png Table 1. Statistical results of estimated as well as fitted incubation period (Fig.3 A) from 483 confirmed patients in Henan. “–”: value is not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-epidemic-situation-in-henan-till-february-14-2020-a-1lhj3ejp.png Figure 1. Epidemic situation in Henan till February 14, 2020. A. Epidemic situation in Henan at February 14, 2020; B. The evolution of provincially daily increased confirmed cases; C. The evolution of provincially cumulatively confirmed cases. D. The heatmap of daily increased confirmed cases in 18 regions of Henan province. E. The heatmap of cumulatively confirmed cases in 18 regions of Henan province. Here, ZZ: Zhengzhou; KF: Kaifeng; LY: Luoyang; PDS: Pingdingshan; AY: Anyang; HB: Hebi; XX: Xinxiang; JZ: Jiaozuo; PY: Puyang; XC: Xuchang; LH: Luohe; SMX: Sanmenxia; NY: Nanyang; SQ: Shangqiu; XY: Xinyang; ZK: Zhoukou; ZMD: Zhumadian; JY: Jiyuan. These abbreviations are similarly hereinafter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-statistics-on-the-gender-and-age-3qcqfymg.png Figure 2. Summary statistics on the gender and age distributions of confirmed cases in Henan. A. MFR in the whole province; B. MFRs in the 18 regions. C. Scatter plot of MFR versus MFPR in the 18 regions of China; D. Age distribution for confirmed cases in the whole province; E. Age distribution for confirmed cases in 18 regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-covid-19-infection-and-wuhan-1z8ira4c.png Figure 4. Correlation between COVID-19 infection and Wuhan travel histories. A. Bar-plots for the numbers of four categories of patients in the 18 regions of Henan province. B. Transportation manners of 250 patients that came from Wuhan. C. The heatmap of the correlation matrix among Y,X1−X4 (corresponding to 1-5 respectively). D-G. The scatter plots of Y versus X1 −X − 4 respectively and the corresponding fitted linear regression lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-network-analysis-among-patients-hospitals-and-their-3a8vrksk.png Figure 5. Network analysis among patients, hospitals and their relationships. A. A heterogeneous network that contains 1105 patients, 248 hospitals, 123 inter-hospital transfer relationships that involved 206 patients and 208 clustering infected patients. B. The heterogeneous network for patients in Kaifeng. C. The top-20 hospitals that are with the most patients in treatments. D. Distributions of the 208 aggregate outbreak patients in the 18 regions of Henan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-statistical-results-of-estimated-incubation-periods-3p6yxpsr.png Figure 3. Statistical results of estimated incubation periods for 483 confirmed patients in Henan province. A. Frequency distribution of estimated incubation periods and the probability density curve for fitted incubation period (We consider moment estimation (ME), maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and ordinary least square (OLS) estimation of parameters). B. The cumulative frequency distribution of estimated incubation periods for the 483 patients. C. Transfer diagram from exposure to infection for the 483 confirmed patients. Nodes at the two ends of an edge correspond to the exposed date and the date with clinical symptoms or confirmed infected. Edges represent the transfer from the two dates, and thicknesses of edges are proportional to the numbers of patients. Self-loops mean that the dates for exposure and appearing clinical symptoms or confirmed infected were the same. D. Weighted indegree and outdegree distributions of the directed graph that was shown in C. Weighted indegree denotes the total number of patients with clinical symptoms or confirmed infected; while weighted outdegree represents the total number of exposed persons that will be confirmed to be infected later. https://scispace.com/papers/epitaxial-growth-of-thin-films-in-solid-solid-interfaces-and-db8sy9nc82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-28-submonolayer-q-6-q-6-q-6-q-6-yb-q-0-25-mlo-f-5-1lavg974.png Figure 20.28 Submonolayer (Q & -6 # + Q $ & -6 + + Q % & -6 ! ! " ' $$$ ! ?&& < + + + + ! Q & %& -6 YB + + + ! Q = 0.25 MLO (F = 5 ¥ 10 ? -6 –1 < + O ` - ! + https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-11-a-top-view-and-b-3d-view-of-an-stm-image-1d4t8o91.png Figure 20.11 (a) Top view and (b) 3D view of an STM image showing a well-ordered hexagonal Ce superlattice formed on a Ag(111) surface ( = 8× 10−3 ML, T = 3.9 K). (Kindly provided by W. D. Schneider [163].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-24-growth-morphology-as-a-function-of-coverage-for-1jlyy5fv.png Figure 20.24 Growth morphology as a function of coverage for Pt(111) homoepitaxy at Tdep = 440 K: Q = (a) 0.35, (b) 3, (c) 12, and (d) 90 ML (F = 7 ¥ 10–3 ML s–1). (Adapted from Ref. [259].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-19-temporal-evolution-of-the-radius-of-monolayer-2s5jp4bv.png Figure 20.19 Temporal evolution of the radius of monolayer-high Ag islands on Ag(111) derived from sequential STM imaging (T = 300 K). (Adapted from Ref. [243].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-16-examples-of-fractals-with-random-growth-1atw05m6.png Figure 20.16 Examples of fractals with random growth directions. (a) STM image of Au islands grown on Ru(0001) (Tdep = 300 K, F = 3.3 ¥ 10–3 ML s–1, Q = 0.30 ML) [197]. The aggregate’s fractal dimension is the DLA value of 1.72. (b) STM image of a Ag fractal grown on Pt(111) at 220 K similarly showing wide branches that frequently alter their growth direction (F = 1.1 ¥ 10–3 ML s–1, Q = 0.12 ML) [222]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-4-a-electrochemical-cell-with-electrodes-substrate-3tq2xrii.png Figure 20.4 (a) Electrochemical cell with electrodes: substrate (sample), reference (RE), and counter electrode (CE). Metal cations in solution (red) with solvation shell (blue) that is removed on reduction and deposition (redgray). (b) Atomic processes of electrochemical metal deposition. Here M atoms are drawn in black, irrespective of whether they are in solution or on the substrate (Adapted from Ref. [54].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-29-surfactant-effect-of-oxygen-for-pt-111-2gs8m1yv.png Figure 20.29 Surfactant effect of oxygen for Pt(111) homoepitaxy at 400 K (Q = 5.0 ML). (a) 3D growth of clean system. (b) Flat growth after preadsorption of a saturation coverage of oxygen (Q = 0.25 ML). Inset: O/Pt(111)-p(2 ¥ 2) " ! % & -6 ?&& < < + provided by T. Michely and adapted from Ref. [29].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-6-a-phase-diagram-of-growth-mode-on-an-fcc-100-12mniyqo.png Figure 20.6 (a) Phase diagram of growth mode on an fcc(100) surface in the substrate strength V0/el O # m plane [76]. Y ! + + * # O ?* + situated on top of a planar wetting layer. The contact angle and surface energy of the inclined facet are Q and gf, respectively, while gs denotes the surface energy of the wetting layer. The O # s [77]. (c,d) STM images of ‘‘hut clusters’’ formed by the StranskiKrastanov growth of Ge on Si(100) [78]. https://scispace.com/papers/epitaxy-of-layered-orthorhombic-sns-snsxse-1-x-core-shell-4r1ch02gwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-adf-stem-image-of-a-sns-snsxse-1-x-core-shell-2df7gx45.png Figure 3. a) ADF-STEM image of a SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructure. b-d) EDX elemental maps and e) EDX line scan profiles showing the spatial distribution of Sn, S and Se across the heterostructure. For the convenience of expression, the flake was defined in three regions marked by A, B and C in Figure 3c. f) Bright-field TEM image of the interface of a thin SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructure. g) HRTEM image of the interface of the heterostructure. h) SAED pattern along [010]SnS zone axis and i) the partial enlarged view of the SAED pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-d-schematic-diagram-illustrating-the-growth-tgkdvgpd.png Figure 4. a-d) Schematic diagram illustrating the growth process of a SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructure. e-h) SEM images of the core-shell heterostructures at different growth stages. Note: the heterostructures shown in e-h) were not recorded from the same one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-three-dimensional-schematic-models-of-the-sns-2babl0jw.png Figure 5. a) Three-dimensional schematic models of the SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructure-based photodetector, the 532 nm laser and the half-wave plate. b) I-V curves of the device in the dark and in the presence of 532 nm laser illumination with different light intensities. Inset shows an HIM image of a SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructure photodetector. c) Light intensity dependence of the photocurrent under the bias of positive/negative 7 V. d) I-V curves of the device in the presence of 532 nm laser with light intensity of 26 mW/cm2 and laser polarization angle ranging from 0° to 180°. e, f) Polarization dependence of the current intensity under bias of positive/negative 7 V and light intensity of 26 mW/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-for-pvd-growth-of-layered-sns-1gsih54e.png Figure 1. a) Schematic diagram for PVD growth of layered SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructures. b) Optical and c) SEM images of the SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructures. d) SEM image of a representative core-shell heterostructure which exhibits an approximately rhombic shape with a noticeable rhombus pit at the central regions. e) AFM image and height profile of a core-shell heterostructure. f) XRD patterns of the SnS-SnSxSe(1-x) core-shell heterostructures (blue) and SnSe (red; PDF: 48-1224). https://scispace.com/papers/epitope-scaffolding-using-alpha-synuclein-cyclic-peptides-to-2fqzd8yz47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measures-for-the-rankings-of-all-16-epitope-2evs8us5.png Figure 6: Measures for the rankings of all 16 epitope scaffolds, for three overlapping 4 residue sub-epitopes of EKTKEQ in α-synuclein (top of each column). (a) Scaffolded cyclic peptide ensemble dissimilarity to monomer (triangle), fibril (star), and stressed fibril (circle) ensembles, as measured by Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD), showing the changes in ensemble overlap with varying numbers of flanking glycines. (b) Scaffolded cyclic peptide ensemble embedding depth within the monomer (triangle), fibril (star), and stressed fibril (circle) ensembles, showing the changes in ensemble embedding with varying number of flanking glycines. (c) Normalized off-pathway targeting values (OP) for scaffolds with varying number of flanking glycines. Higher values indicate there is less predicted off-pathway targeting by a given scaffold. The ranks of the top 10 scaffolds are indicated in the figure panels, along with the rank for the highest ranking scaffold (15) for epitope KTKE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-embedding-depth-of-the-point-xo-3eqdvahz.png Figure 4: Illustration of the embedding depth of the point xo in a multimodal distribution P (x). The embedding depth of point xo is given by the integral over all parts of the distribution with probability less than P (xo). Note there are 4 points with the same P (xi) = P (xo) and thus the same embedding depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-collective-coordinate-epitope-prediction-for-a-veqiq9ay.png Figure 3: Collective coordinate epitope prediction for α-synuclein, using three criteria of increased SASA, loss of native contacts, and increased fluctuations (RMSF). Several epitopes were predicted by each criterion; however, only a single consensus epitope EKTKEQ was predicted. Chain E is not shown for ∆SASA because no epitope is predicted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-epitope-dependent-correlation-between-a-rmsf-and-eruelsja.png Figure 8: Epitope-dependent correlation between (a) RMSF and scaffold length (number of residues in the scaffold), (b) ranking and scaffold length, (c) rank and the quantity JSDcm−JSDcs, and (d) rank and Dc|s−Dc|m, for α-synuclein epitope scaffolds. The Pearson correlation coefficient, r and the corresponding p-values are given for EKTK (green triangles), KTKE (purple circles) and TKEQ (blue stars) scaffolds. The shaded areas around the fitted lines are the 68% confidence intervals corresponding to the standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-equilibrium-ensemble-distributions-for-the-tkeq-b4kkl0u1.png Figure 5: The equilibrium ensemble distributions for the TKEQ epitope projected by the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method (33 ) onto the first MDS dimension. For a given epitope, different cyclic peptide scaffolds possess different distributions, which will result in different overlap with the other three ensembles. By comparing the degree of ensemble overlap, the conformational selectivity of a scaffold can be assessed. The scaffolds shown are (1,4)TKEQ in panel (a), and (2,3)TKEQ in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-weights-of-ranking-criteria-3mnvonv4.png Table 1: Mean weights of ranking criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-off-pathway-target-analysis-for-14-tkeq-a-1s1s28n6.png Figure 9: Off-pathway target analysis for (1,4)TKEQ. (a) Structural ensemble distribution of cyclic peptide (1,4)TKEQ in 1D along the first MDS component of the ensemble, along with the projected embedding of potential off-pathway targets. Most of the off-pathway targets are located at the periphery of the scaffold distribution. The actual calculation is performed in 5D. Structures of PDB entries 2KKW and 1XQ8 are rendered in ribbon schematics, and the epitope is rendered in red Van der Waals surface. (b) The SASA distribution of (1,4)TKEQ, along with the SASA for the off-pathway target structures. (c) Only 1XQ8 and 2KKW show both noticeable structural similarity (Doff-target-in-cyclic(5D) > 5%) and SASA exposure (f(SASAoff-target-exceed-cyclic) > 5%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-correlation-matrices-of-the-ensemble-comparison-3o45y37e.png Figure 7: Correlation matrices of the ensemble comparison metrics JSD and D, and three other scaffold properties: Dynamic flexibility (RMSF) of an epitope, total residue length of the cyclic peptide scaffold, and the ranking, for α-synuclein epitopes (a) EKTK, (b) KTKE, and (c) TKEQ. The number in each square is the Pearson correlation coefficient. https://scispace.com/papers/eqcm-study-of-redox-properties-of-pedot-mno-2-composite-1190ghjvue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dependence-of-mass-gain-of-mno2-during-the-2k1eaz9t.png Fig. 5 a – Dependence of mass gain of MnO2 during the electrochemical deposition into PEDOT film from the time of deposition, 1-6: number of a 100-second deposition step; b – The relationship between the mass of MnO2, incorporated into PEDOT film and the time of deposition. Deposition from an aqueous solution of 0.05M MnSO4, 0.05M LiClO4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cyclic-voltammograms-v-10mv-s-1-for-pedot-and-pedot-knik5d6l.png Fig. 6 Cyclic voltammograms (v = 10mV s-1) for PEDOT and PEDOT/MnO2 composite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-frequency-potential-dependencies-for-pedot-films-t173qm9p.png Fig. 3 The frequency – potential dependencies for PEDOT films at different scan rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-cyclic-voltammograms-v-50-mv-s-1-and-b-f-e-35xnsmc7.png Fig. 9 a- cyclic voltammograms (v=50 mV s-1) and b- ∆f–E dependencies of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eqcm-data-for-pedot-mno2-composites-with-different-1eu9y0xe.png Table 1 EQCM data for PEDOT/MnO2 composites with different times of MnO2 deposition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cv-solid-line-and-f-e-dependency-dotted-line-of-a-2zk4wb6v.png Fig. 2 CV (solid line) and ∆f–E dependency (dotted line) of a pristine PEDOT film in 1 М LiClO4 (v=20 mV s-1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalized-cyclic-voltammograms-of-pedot-mno2-600-24jw653j.png Fig. 8 Normalized cyclic voltammograms of PEDOT/MnO2(600) electrode. v, mV s-1: 1–10; 2– 20; 3–50. 1М LiClO4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-apparent-molar-mass-of-charge-carriers-during-pedot-1bvv5ii5.png Table 2. Apparent molar mass of charge carriers during PEDOT/MnO2 oxidation at https://scispace.com/papers/equalisation-with-adaptive-time-lag-nestfi1aoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-adaptive-mmse-equalizer-3au7j27l.png Fig. 1. The adaptive MMSE equalizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-equivalent-model-for-the-mmse-equalizer-f4svl2qo.png Fig. 2. The equivalent model for the MMSE equalizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-mmse-vs-the-time-lag-for-the-minimum-phase-and-1jyazpm6.png Fig. 6. The MMSE vs. the time lag for the minimum phase and maximum phase channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-learning-curves-of-the-mse-and-time-lag-for-the-1bkos0vq.png Fig. 7. Learning curves of the MSE and time lag for the minimum phase channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-the-tap-weight-shift-when-the-time-lag-2wayhbg5.png Fig. 4. The effect of the tap-weight shift when the time lag changes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-learning-curves-of-the-mse-and-time-lag-for-the-mixed-12yk92ru.png Fig. 5. Learning curves of the MSE and time lag for the mixed phase channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-learning-curves-of-the-mse-and-time-lag-for-the-24t028ei.png Fig. 8. Learning curves of the MSE and time lag for the maximum phase channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-mmse-vs-time-for-the-mixed-phased-channel-qo1fzbbi.png Fig. 3. The MMSE vs time for the mixed-phased channel. https://scispace.com/papers/equality-of-opportunity-east-vs-west-germany-1e6atppbgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iop-mld-in-levels-iol-for-annual-income-gross-vs-86d0w9yh.png Figure 1: IOp (MLD) in levels (IOL) for annual income - gross vs. net https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-mld-for-annual-income-gross-vs-net-86rumfop.png Figure A.1: MLD for annual income - gross vs. net https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-descriptive-statistics-for-iop-measures-ys7547hk.png Table A.2: Descriptive Statistics for IOp Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-descriptive-statistics-for-basic-variables-2h07gu04.png Table A.1: Descriptive Statistics for Basic Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ior-iol-in-relation-to-total-inequality-for-annual-28lzrhoz.png Figure 2: IOR (IOL in relation to total inequality) for annual income - gross vs. net https://scispace.com/papers/equality-putting-the-theory-into-action-3bs1gyue9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-equality-liberal-egalitarianism-and-equality-2x53olq8.png Table 1. Basic equality, liberal egalitarianism and equality of condition https://scispace.com/papers/essential-evidence-based-psychopharmacology-evidence-based-2siyd1xt6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rates-of-clinical-response-in-placebo-controlled-2s6h55y9.png Table 1. Rates of clinical response in placebo-controlled studies of SSRIs for patients with OCD https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-placebo-controlled-studies-of-long-term-treatments-2w85chaq.png Table 4. Placebo-controlled studies of long-term treatments for patients with OCD https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-treatment-refractory-ocd-c51ujb03.png Table 6. Treatment refractory OCD https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-double-blind-discontinuation-studies-of-relapse-34kkwkb7.png Table 5. Double-blind discontinuation studies of relapse prevention in OCD https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-controlled-studies-comparing-ssris-with-clomipramine-15wfx09b.png Table 2. Controlled studies comparing SSRIs with clomipramine (CMI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-placebo-controlled-comparator-studies-of-fixed-doses-1jkyudmo.png Table 3. Placebo-controlled comparator studies of fixed-doses of SSRI https://scispace.com/papers/establishing-gene-regulatory-networks-from-parkinson-s-4wqn9geyf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methods-workflow-90-pd-snps-were-obtained-from-32cnwe20.png Figure 1: Methods workflow. 90 PD-SNPs were obtained from Nalls et al5. Spatial https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gene-regulation-in-the-foetal-cortex-compared-to-1no3fkmg.png Figure 4: Gene regulation in the foetal cortex compared to the adult cortex. The https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-genes-subject-to-cis-and-trans-vc6fpd1f.png Table 2: Proportion of genes subject to cis- and trans- regulation. The proportion of eQTLgene pairs that are either cis-, trans-intrachromosomal or trans-interchromosomal in (a) 13 GTEx brain-specific tissues and (b) all 49 GTEx tissues. Brain-specific indicates the eQTL dataset obtained through analysing Hi-C cell lines only from the brain, and eQTLs only from the brain tissues in GTEx. All-tissues indicates the eQTL dataset obtained through analysing all Hi-C cell lines, and eQTLs from all tissues in GTEx. There is a significant difference (Chi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genes-subjected-to-trans-regulation-by-pd-snps-are-1an5de53.png Figure 3: Genes subjected to trans-regulation by PD-SNPs are enriched for Lossof-Function Intolerance. Genes that are loss of function intolerant, as measured by a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-the-spatial-eqtl-gene-540sit4y.png Table 1: Summary statistics for the spatial eQTL-gene regulatory network for the 90 PDSNPs. SNPs were downloaded from Nalls et al 2019 GWAS paper (download date: 18.06.2020). #eQTL SNPs were defined as having significant spatial interactions (FDR https://scispace.com/papers/establishing-physical-survivability-of-large-networks-using-1dz6jv7ci9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-connected-graphs-35qpuk1o.png Fig. 3. 2-connected graphs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-network-with-a-link-bridge-e-and-a-node-bridge-v-3b5wqrh3.png Fig. 1. A network with a link bridge (e) and a node-bridge (v) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-graph-and-its-blocks-adopted-from-8-9r1a6byt.png Fig. 2. A graph and its blocks, adopted from [8] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spanning-tree-on-a-arbitrary-graph-28mfsry3.png Fig. 4. Spanning Tree on a arbitrary graph https://scispace.com/papers/estimate-of-tsunami-source-using-optimized-unit-sources-and-3mo2ocblxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-tsunami-observation-stations-orange-and-blue-m7o27ab7.png Figure 1. Map of tsunami observation stations. Orange and blue circles indicate 85 DART and LDEO stations, respectively, that are used in tsunami inversion. Green 86 circles indicate tide gauges (Henslung Cove, Bella Bella, Port Hardy, and Winter 87 Harbour), WHOI differential pressure gauges (J06B, J23B, J27B, and J28B), and 88 DARTs (D46408, D46413, and D51407) that are not used in tsunami inversion but 89 are used for tsunami source model validation. Contours represent great circle 90 https://scispace.com/papers/establishment-of-pinus-wallichiana-on-a-himalayan-glacier-2p46jvbe7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-seedling-density-in-plots-modeled-for-functional-2pbugs8t.png FIGURE 4. Seedling density in plots modeled for functional dependence of phosphorus. Higher seedling densities are predicted at low phosphorus content in the substrate; n 5 60. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-seedling-density-in-plots-modeled-for-functional-1a1xkbz8.png FIGURE 6. Seedling density in plots modeled for functional dependence of moisture. Higher seedling densities are predicted at intermediate moisture content in the substrate; n 5 60. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-attributes-of-nuclear-weapon-and-other-fissile-1j6s32i65f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-nmis-signature-features-used-to-2st4vaa9.png Table 1. Definition of NMIS signature features used to estimate mass and thickness attributes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-covariance-between-the-252cf-source-and-one-c4x4y4fs.png Figure 1. Covariance between the 252Cf-source and one detector (a) and covariance https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-allele-specific-expression-of-snvs-from-10x-579vxt4am7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-of-mono-and-bi-allelic-expression-of-snvs-qys1elry.png Table 2. Percent of mono- and bi-allelic expression of SNVs covered with different required minimum counts of sequencing reads. *Predominantly monoallelic expression is inclusive of strict monoallelic expression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-representing-the-distribution-of-3inneca8.png Figure 4. Histograms representing the distribution of scVAFRNA at minR = 10 (top), minR = 5 (middle), and minR = 3 (bottom) for all the heterozygous SNVs in N8, N7, and N5. The bin width (x-axis) is 0.1; bin intervals are indicated in the middle of each plot. The y-axes show the numbers of VAFRNA measurements in the individual cells. The total number of VAFRNA estimations (n, across all the cells per group) is shown at the top of each histogram. The histograms are scaled in regard to the number of cells. Across the entire dataset, at minR = 10 and minR = 5, the majority of SNVs showed bi-allelic expression centered around a VAFRNA value of 0.5 (0.4 < VAFRNA < 0.6). In contrast, at minR = 3, the majority of SNVs presented with strict monoallelic expression (VAFRNA = 0 or 1). The VAFRNA distributions showed remarkable similarity across the three individuals (N8, N7, and N5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scvafrna-estimated-at-positions-covered-by-a-1fdf3hng.png Figure 5. scVAFRNA estimated at positions covered by a minimum of 10 sequencing reads (top), 5 sequencing reads (middle), and 3 sequencing reads (bottom), across more than 1000 cells. For the majority of positions, VAFRNA showed bi-allelic expression, with a substantial proportion of the scVAFRNA estimations in the interval 0.4–0.6. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-chemical-footprint-contamination-with-mercury-and-tgrw0rjsgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-results-with-mac-values-for-fishery-2f0hp6fx.png Fig. 4: Comparison of results with MAC values for fishery water bodies in Russian regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-source-data-on-distribution-of-land-reserves-in-rf-s4v9mjjf.png Table 2: Source data on distribution of land reserves in RF Districts by land categories [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mercury-ingress-rate-s-kg-year-into-various-287o4jax.png Table 3: Mercury ingress rate s (kg/year) into various environment subsystems by RF district. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radar-chart-showing-estimated-environmental-impacts-of-36snls0l.png Fig. 3: Radar chart showing estimated environmental impacts of mercury and its compounds in RF regions, calculated using ChF methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radar-chart-showing-estimated-environmental-impacts-of-rhiyz0s0.png Fig. 2: Radar chart showing estimated environmental impacts of mercury and its compounds in RF districts, calculated using ChF methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-transformation-of-chemicals-in-the-environment-sa-2k99rlau.png Fig. 1: The transformation of chemicals in the environment. Sа, Sw, and Ss are sources of chemical ingress to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and soil (as part of the lithosphere), respectively. The following represent rate constants: kmigrj-N, the migration of chemicals from environmental component j to N; ktransbj, transfer of chemicals from environmental component j being studied to beyond the system boundaries; kdegj, degradation of chemicals being studied in environmental component j. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-diversification-rates-from-the-fossil-record-3unw2z3utr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-first-stage-of-the-likelihood-computation-siu1caws.png Figure 2: First stage of the likelihood computation: decomposition of the reconstructed tree into trees with no internal fossil finds. The likelihood of the tree to the left is the product of that of the 3 trees to the right. The tree at the top right is the initial one cut at the first fossil finds encountered while the two others are those starting from each fossil find: the tree to the right center is a non-observable tree (i.e. the lineage is extinct with no fossil after f ′) starting from a single lineage at time f ′, and the tree to the bottom right is just a lineage starting from f to end at T without any observable event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-various-kinds-of-information-from-which-we-pgpaicn4.png Figure 4: The various kinds of information from which we estimate the diversification rates. The trees are sorted from those for which we use the most to those for which we use the least data, except for the last two, which use two non-overlapping temporal information. This order of tree representations also corresponds with those that yield the least (left) to those that yield the greatest (right) error in parameter estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tree-of-eupelycosauria-the-taxon-other-therapsids-2enym9q4.png Figure 6: Tree of Eupelycosauria. The taxon ”Other therapsids” is extant; the other taxa lacking a fossil record before 270 Ma have an unknown fate after 270 Ma (most recent time for which fossil data were collected into our database). Two taxa considered ancestral here (for illustration purposes) appear as fossil occurrences on internal branches. These are Edaphosaurus novomexicanus and Aerosaurus greenleorum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stage-2-of-the-likelihood-computation-the-1hozr2v9.png Figure 3: Stage 2 of the likelihood computation: the likelihood of the basic tree figured at the left-most is a sum-product of all the likelihoods of the right-most basic trees. Among these last ones, those starting from o are of types b and the remaining ones are of types b∗ or a∗ depending on whether they contain a fossil find. For all the trees containing fossil finds, the first fossil time is figured as a red line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-patterns-on-which-our-computations-are-3t71z82e.png Figure 1: The three patterns on which our computations are based. The two trees to the right continue after t′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-absolute-error-of-speciation-cladogenesis-3cry2yn2.png Figure 5: Mean absolute error of speciation (cladogenesis), extinction and fossil discovery rate estimation versus the simulation time over 1000 simulated trees with 1.5/1 (Left) and 2.0/1 (Right) speciation/extinction rates and fossil rates from 1 to 3. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-excess-visual-loss-in-people-with-neovascular-age-1s0uml7n0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-95-bootstrap-confidence-interval-simulated-18rf88lc.png Table 2. Average (95% bootstrap confidence interval) simulated one-year visual outcomes under each of the four modelled conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-patient-demographics-baseline-visual-2w3i1bmw.png Table 1. Summary of patient demographics, baseline visual acuity and one-year visual outcomes for the full EMR nAMD cohort of 20 825 eyes (18 340 patients) treated for nAMD. Abbreviations: SD - standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overlaid-histograms-showing-the-range-of-simulated-3hrgfaq1.png Figure 3. Overlaid histograms showing the range of simulated one-year visual acuity (VA) outcomes across 1000 iterations for the no delay, 3, 6 and 9-month treatment delay models. ‘Count’ on the y-axis refers to the number of iterations that returned a visual outcome estimate at the values on the x-axis. A: mean one-year VA (dashed grey vertical lines illustrate Snellen equivalents). B: percentage of eyes with ≤35 letters (≤6/60 Snellen). C: percentage of eyes with ≤55 letters (≤6/24+ Snellen) D: percentage of eyes with ≥70 letters (≥6/12+ Snellen). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-average-distribution-of-visual-acuities-across-1jr4j3p3.png Figure 2. The average distribution of visual acuities across all iterations in the simulation process at baseline (A) and at one year (B) for the full EMR nAMD cohort and under four modelled conditions: no, 3, 6 and 9-months treatment delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-summary-of-the-simulation-process-b-modelling-1y1fnidg.png Figure 1 A: Summary of the simulation process. B: Modelling process for estimating the effect of vision loss during delayed treatment on baseline VA. Letter losses for the delayed treatment models are based on data from the Marina Randomised Control Trial control arm. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-glomerular-filtration-rate-at-the-transition-from-10oh9tjlr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-egfr-equations-3da5mcbl.png Table 6. eGFR equations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regression-quantile-lines-for-median-bias-estimated-3rk2wlvk.png Figure 3. Regression quantile lines for median bias ( = estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] - measured GFR [mGFR]) versus age for the different eGFR equations. Avg, average; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CKiDScr, creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease in Children; FAS, Full Age Spectrum; FAS-Ht, FAS-Height; LMR, Lund-Malmö-Revised equation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-egfr-equations-and-combinations-zyahw2nq.png Table 2. Performance of eGFR equations and combinations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-and-method-characteristics-per-center-jet7au8u.png Table 1. Patient and method characteristics per center https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-egfr-a-creatinine-based-chronic-kidney-disease-in-mxso7bgz.png Figure 2. eGFR—(a) creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiDScr) + average (Avg) of CKiDScr and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), (b) CKiDScr + age-weighted average of CKiDScr and CKD-EPI—for 3946 children (age <18 years) and for 1818 young adults (18 ≤ age ≤ 30 years). The solid lines are the median quantiles calculated on eGFR versus age separately for both age groups. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-mic-distributions-and-cutoffs-through-mixture-3ew8kiltdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-isolates-for-each-compound-analysed-in-the-12g1unh2.png Table 1: Number of isolates for each compound analysed in the CRyPTIC plate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-identification-of-ecoffs-by-using-a-gaussiam-25k2cq0c.png Figure 6: Identification of ECOFFs by using a Gaussiam mixture model: the estimated density is the blue line, the means of each components are represented in green and the breakpoint is represented in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-barplots-of-the-mic-distributions-for-each-drug-2liyjrsr.png Figure 1: Barplots of the MIC distributions for each drug. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-convergence-for-each-drug-in-each-figure-the-mcmc-2xi6keir.png Figure 5: Convergence for each drug: in each figure the MCMC chains are shown relative to the likelihood function of the accepted values (above), the prior distribution of the accepted values (middle) and the chain of the number of components (below). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percentage-of-isolates-showing-no-known-mutation-zid7zt49.png Table 6: Percentage of isolates showing no known mutation that confer resistance to a specific drug and which have been identified as sensitive by a specific method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-convergence-for-each-drug-in-each-figure-the-mcmc-1smuh1kj.png Figure 4: Convergence for each drug: in each figure the MCMC chains are shown relative to the likelihood function of the accepted values (above), the prior distribution of the accepted values (middle) and the chain of the number of components (below). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-plates-for-each-isolates-analysed-who-id-hrirxizz.png Table 2: Number of plates for each isolates analysed WHO Id Strain ns Compound ns https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-breakpoints-identified-for-each-drug-with-the-1g71zsgu.png Table 3: Breakpoints identified for each drug with the different methods https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-illumination-chromaticity-via-support-vector-4fwxctyihk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-k-fold-kernel-and-parameter-selection-as-3rg7i7tz.png Table 2. Results of k-fold kernel and parameter selection as a function of the histogram type and the number of training set images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-svr-3d-illumination-estimation-errors-for-different-2httu89i.png Table 6. SVR (3D) illumination estimation errors for different training and test sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-svr-performance-to-that-of-color-by-1a5sncuu.png Table 5. Comparison of SVR performance to that of Color by Correlation and the Neural Network using leave-one-out cross validation on 900 uncalibrated images. The entries for C-by-C and NN are from Table 7 page 238518 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-admissible-kernel-functions-k7lfitbx.png Table 1. Admissible Kernel Functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-leave-one-out-cross-validation-evaluation-of-svr-2rrupgo2.png Table 4. Leave-one-out cross validation evaluation of SVR based on real data training and real data testing on 321 SONY images reported in terms of the RMS chromaticity angular and distance error measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-competing-illumination-estimation-zr3odj2c.png Table 3. Comparison of competing illumination estimation methods. All methods are trained on synthetic images constructed from the same reflectance and illuminant spectra and then tested on the same SONY DXC93015 camera images with identical pre-processing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rms-error-in-illumination-chromaticity-as-a-23u00svl.png Figure 1. RMS error in illumination chromaticity as a function of increasing training set size. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-effect-of-discretionary-spending-on-23db4ajszo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-general-audit-data-1foz1fl7.png Table 2.3: General Audit Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-error-types-from-hermeneutics-12tw7xh0.png Table A.2: Error types from hermeneutics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-corruption-codes-for-sos-35p76n9h.png Table 2.1: Corruption codes for SOs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-1-mccrary-2008-test-for-manipulation-of-running-2hmmp7km.png Table 3.1.1: McCrary (2008) test for manipulation of running variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-subsample-errors-2488-sos-1wx9rgq7.png Table A.3: Subsample errors (2,488 SOs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-2-local-estimates-interval-88mijkbd.png Table 3.1.1: McCrary (2008) test for manipulation of running variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-works-group-388-sos-nordmute.png Table A.4: Works group (388 SOs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-regressions-of-corruption-indexes-against-ipov9ueq.png Table 4.2: Regressions of corruption indexes against covariates matrix adding amount procured https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-maximum-daily-number-of-incident-covid-19-1wmzcf2x8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-daily-number-of-incident-covid-19-cases-3qswdaak.png Figure 1: Maximum daily number of incident COVID-19 cases which could be managed by the Ontario healthcare system https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-horizon-of-predictability-in-time-series-zvlb4wt1j7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-barcelona-water-demand-training-and-testing-data-ty3y2hia.png Figure 1. Barcelona water demand – training and testing data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-barcelona-water-demand-prediction-accumulated-31q4wcer.png Figure 7. Barcelona water demand prediction – accumulated confidence values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rotterdam-water-demand-predictions-yeob604q.png Figure 11. Rotterdam water demand – predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rotterdam-water-demand-training-and-testing-data-1fm7w4n5.png Figure 3. Rotterdam water demand – training and testing data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-barcelona-water-demand-autocorrelation-functions-2dmqolw3.png Figure 2. Barcelona water demand – autocorrelation functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tucson-weather-data-autocorrelation-functions-174okhbp.png Figure 6. Tucson weather data – autocorrelation functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-tucson-weather-predictions-mean-errors-and-76x3jobe.png Figure 14. Tucson weather predictions – mean errors and confidence values using a suboptimal mask. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rotterdam-water-demand-predictions-mean-errors-and-17p6jnrh.png Figure 10. Rotterdam water demand predictions – mean errors and confidence values. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-variable-returns-to-scale-production-frontiers-3wc1z7mdod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-usda-ers-production-regions-2qe1p3px.png Table 1. USDA ERS Production Regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-posterior-distributions-for-the-efficiency-ranking-1g9bcnia.png Table 5. Posterior Distributions for the Efficiency Ranking of Each Region: ZR Model1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-posterior-distributions-for-the-efficiency-ranking-24ipbaah.png Table 4. Posterior Distributions for the Efficiency Ranking of Each Region: NR Model1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-posterior-densities-for-selected-efficiencies-from-1wrx4k08.png Figure 8. Posterior densities for selected efficiencies from model NR with log y heteroskedastic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-posterior-densities-for-selected-efficiencies-with-1vlyi6in.png Figure 7. Posterior densities for selected efficiencies with log y homoskedastic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-posterior-densities-for-th-3-10-x-13ed912a.png Figure 5. Posterior densities for θ 3( 10 )× . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-posterior-densities-for-log-y-35ojbona.png Figure 6. Posterior densities for log y∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-posterior-densities-for-the-efficiency-of-region-3-14ra6mvp.png Figure 9. Posterior densities for the efficiency of region 3 relative to region 4. https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-broadband-multiuser-millimeter-wave-massive-3ef8a4zd3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nmse-performance-versus-measuring-time-duration-g-17os0s7o.png Figure 4: NMSE performance versus measuring time duration G for 4 clusters with angular spread 15 degrees and cluster duration 9 ns. Simulation setting: NBS = 64, NUE = 16, P = 512, SNR= 10 dB, K = 4 and B = 800 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-amp-nnspl-dd-algorithm-28dp0u4w.png Table I: The AMP-NNSPL-DD algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-se-of-the-vamp-nnspl-dd-algorithm-42xcffx7.png Table IV: The SE of the VAMP-NNSPL-DD algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-setting-nbs-64-nue-16-p-512-g-500-snr-10-151l593k.png Figure 6: Simulation setting: NBS = 64, NUE = 16, P = 512, G = 500, SNR= 10 dB, K = 4 and B = 800 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-state-evolution-of-amp-nnspl-dd-algorithm-34sdxrhf.png Table II: The State Evolution of AMP-NNSPL-DD algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nmse-performance-for-4-clusters-with-angular-spread-2sy2mfxz.png Figure 5: NMSE performance for 4 clusters with angular spread 15 degrees and cluster duration 9 ns. Simulation setting: NBS = 64, NUE = 16, P = 512, G = 500 and B = 800 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vector-valued-factor-graph-representation-of-the-2sjj29mm.png Figure 3: Vector-valued factor graph representation of the broadband mmWave massive MIMO-OFDM Systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-vamp-nnspl-dd-algorithm-89w5xaiu.png Table III: The VAMP-NNSPL-DD algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-income-levels-in-individual-buildings-using-2ivhr3d7qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-building-area-and-income-level-a-2bn6bosl.png Fig. 3 Relationship between building area and income level. a, Results of Yangon. The income level is defined as 1 to 4 being poor, 5 to 6 being middle, and 7 to 15 being rich. b, Results of Managua. The income level is defined as 1 to 4 being poor, 5 to 7 being middle, and 8 to 11 being rich. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-density-area-of-poor-and-rich-households-in-bago-pdiv3l49.png Fig. 2 | High density area of poor and rich households in Bago. Red area shows high density area of poor households and blue area shows high density area of rich households. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-income-level-estimation-yellow-buildings-2563vir5.png Fig. 1 | Results of income level estimation. Yellow buildings are estimated as poor, orange buildings are estimated as middle and red buildings are estimated as rich. a, Suburban area of Yangon. b, Suburban https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-results-of-each-income-level-108-2mornwh4.png Table 2 Estimated results of each income level 108 https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-in-canopy-ammonia-sources-and-sinks-in-a-1puo8l488p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-measured-and-modeled-normalized-xrq37g5e.png FIGURE 1. Comparison between measured and modeled normalized mean wind speed and momentum flux profiles. The data are from Wilson (47) (circles) and K-ε model (black line) and the analytical model (dashed gray line) estimates of the mean wind speed normalized by u*(a) and the Reynolds’ stress normalized by u*2are plotted as a function of height normalized by canopy height (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-canopy-flux-uptake-and-compensation-point-estimates-2vwb3yie.png TABLE 1. Canopy flux, Uptake and Compensation Point Estimates and Meteorological Conditions, Where Ta is the Mean Ambient Temperature at the Canopy Top, TL is the Mean Leaf Temperature, Ts is the Mean Soil Temperature at z = -5 cm, RH is the Relative Humidity, and Γ Is the Leaf Emission Potential at the Canopy Height Assuming the Flux Is Stomatally Controlled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-box-plots-and-mean-gray-bar-and-whiskers-represent-kq0pypha.png FIGURE 5. Box plots and mean (gray bar) and whiskers represent the 5th and 95th percentile of the mean diurnal hourly concentration, Ct, normalized by the mean daily concentration, Cµ(daily), z ) 1 m (top panel) and above-canopy MBR NH3 flux estimates. Positive values indicate emissions and negative values indicate deposition (bottom panel) from July 6th through August 1st. The notches are the asymptotic normality of the median and represent the 95% confidence interval for the difference in two medians. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-above-canopy-modified-bowen-ratio-nh3-amanda-mbr-wfl4b7mf.png FIGURE 4. Above canopy modified Bowen ratio NH3 (AMANDA MBR) flux vs the NH3 flux derived from integrating the analytical closure model (ACM) S to the canopy top (Integrated in-canopy). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-nh3-concentration-profiles-cnh3-from-july-3luzsm79.png FIGURE 3. Measured NH3 concentration profiles (CNH3) from July 6 to August 1 for in-canopy sampling periods before (a), during (b), after (c) the time frame of the average morning concentration peak. The lines indicate smoothed concentration profiles needed in first and second derivative estimations when determining the source/sink profile (S). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatter-plot-of-measured-and-integrated-modeled-2m4hlx00.png FIGURE 2. Scatter plot of measured and integrated modeled kinematic sensible heat fluxes, w′T ′ at the canopy top (black circles) and in the canopy (gray triangles, z/hc ) 0.23-0.68) (a). Hourly averages of eddy covariance (dotted line) and closure model (dashed lines) sensible heat fluxes are shown. The shaded area represents (1 standard deviation bounds from the eddy covariance flux measurements (b). https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-instantaneous-fire-flaming-and-smoldering-size-4yzups4zpg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regressions-between-instantaneous-flaming-and-39sur19q.png Figure 3. Regressions between instantaneous flaming and smoldering fire size and fire radiative power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-the-methodology-2qc637hq.png Figure 2. Flowchart of the methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-location-a-scenes-selected-by-stratified-2voshmjv.png Figure 1. Study area location: (a) Scenes selected by stratified random sampling and (b) Fire Radiative Energy https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-the-tire-contact-patch-length-and-normal-load-6zt4d37hy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normal-force-estimation-algorithm-10b79a09.png FIG. 7 — Normal force estimation algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-accelerometer-inside-the-tire-21pkrs2p.png FIG. 3 — The accelerometer inside the tire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-test-conditions-2k435lok.png TABLE 1 — Different test conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-radial-and-circumferential-component-of-acceleration-3rdhej7q.png FIG. 6 — Radial and circumferential component of acceleration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-measured-and-estimated-wheel-speed-7f14wwox.png FIG. 12 — Measured and estimated wheel speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trailer-setup-that-is-towed-by-a-truck-3kdsswcl.png FIG. 1 — Trailer setup that is towed by a truck. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-left-histogram-of-error-percentages-for-the-training-3jx88kxy.png FIG. 11 — Left: Histogram of error percentages for the training data set. Right: Histogram of error percentages for the validation data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-quarter-car-setup-and-data-collecting-and-control-mized2lv.png FIG. 2 — The quarter car setup and data-collecting and control system. https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-tritium-annual-flux-from-concrete-rubble-clyhjkdrom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-ft-x-3-ft-study-area-with-smaller-concrete-rubble-3hntquka.png Figure 6. 3 ft X 3 ft Study Area with Smaller Concrete Rubble Mixed with Soil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2cm-x-1cm-concrete-waste-block-3el0bmfe.png Figure 3. 2cm x 1cm Concrete Waste Block. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modeling-grid-35k46ip3.png Figure 2. Modeling Grid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-estimate-particle-size-distribution-of-concrete-29jsbw6n.png Table 2. Best-Estimate Particle Size Distribution of Concrete in the 10 ft X 20 ft Study Area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-small-block-particle-size-distribution-within-the-3-32un9hbh.png Table 3. Small Block Particle Size Distribution Within the 3 ft X 3 ft Study Area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cumulative-loss-of-3h-from-concrete-blocks-with-a-14f8as7g.png Figure 14. Cumulative Loss of 3H from Concrete Blocks with a Small Block Size Distribution (Initial Inventory: 1Ci; Concrete Molecular Diffusivity: 5E-8 cm2/s; SumFlux – Lost Due to Transport Only; SumDecay – Lost Due to Decay Only; SumFlux+Decay – Lost Due to Decay + Transport). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fractional-flux-of-3h-60cm-x-30cm-concrete-waste-3n5w48ri.png Figure 11. Fractional Flux of 3H (60cm x 30cm Concrete Waste Block; Initial Inventory: 1Ci; Concrete Molecular Diffusivity: 5E-8 cm2/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fractional-flux-for-3h-16cm-x-8cm-concrete-waste-5kl40d7l.png Figure 10. Fractional Flux for 3H (16cm x 8cm Concrete Waste Block; Initial Inventory: 1Ci; Concrete Molecular Diffusivity: 5E-8 cm2/s). https://scispace.com/papers/etchability-dependence-of-ino-x-and-ito-thin-films-by-plasma-4nuy94dehd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-roughness-rq-of-inox-and-ito-deduced-from-afm-data-3w4d2m8k.png Table I. Roughness (Rq) of InOx and ITO deduced from AFM data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grazing-incidence-x-ray-diffraction-measurements-1i5cld87.png Figure 2. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction measurements for InOx and ITO deposited at ambient temperature (curves 1 and 3) and 190 °C (curves 2 and 4), compared with the patterns of materials from the Crystallography Open Database (COD1010341). The insets show Raman spectra of the films after subtracting the baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-etch-rate-variation-of-inox-and-ito-thin-films-with-3u65xirk.png Figure 1. Etch rate variation of InOx and ITO thin films with substrate temperature for two etching solutions: (a) HNO3 (6%) in water at room temperature, and (b) FeCl3 (40 °Bé): HCl (35%) (1:1) at 40 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrograph-of-an-inox-sample-after-partial-20mq5xp2.png Figure 4. SEM micrograph of an InOx sample after partial etching in solution #2. Macroscopic aspect shows hazy transparency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-micrographs-of-inox-a-c-e-g-and-ito-b-d-f-h-2lbzjmuk.png Figure 3. SEM micrographs of InOx (A, C, E, G) and ITO (B, D, F, H) films deposited by PERTE on glass substrates as a function of substrate temperature https://scispace.com/papers/ethnic-concentration-and-language-fluency-of-immigrants-28u8gi895d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-5-determinants-of-writing-ability-2vpak8x6.png Table B-5: Determinants of writing ability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-3-distribution-of-guest-workers-across-west-germany-1jlxwkwa.png Fig. B-3: Distribution of guest-workers across West Germany and Berlin https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-alternative-outcome-measures-zlexz6lp.png Table 4: Alternative outcome measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-3-determinants-of-speaking-ability-early-arrivals-1f3a0mgw.png Table B-3: Determinants of speaking ability, early arrivals, across ethnicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-determinants-of-speaking-ability-and-return-6joccn71.png Table C-2: Determinants of speaking ability and return intentions https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-hazard-ratios-for-return-hazards-2kyvrjth.png Table C-1: Hazard ratios for return hazards https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-1-share-of-foreign-population-in-germany-defined-by-12f260gw.png Fig. B-1: Share of foreign population in Germany (defined by citizenship) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-2-absolute-number-of-foreign-population-by-source-6uyq5yxf.png Fig. B-2: Absolute number of foreign population by source country https://scispace.com/papers/ethnically-heterogeneous-friendships-and-symptoms-of-2vlm91eosz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weighted-sample-distribution-of-non-filipino-z0q1v1p9.png Figure 1. Weighted Sample Distribution of Non-Filipino Friends https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-equation-model-estimating-effect-of-non-3r29w0pt.png Figure 2. Structural equation model estimating effect of non-Filipino friends on depressive symptoms, mediated by friendship discord. Covariates are not displayed. *** p < .001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-descriptives-weighted-2ws7j7zc.png Table 1 Sample Descriptives (Weighted) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-equation-model-estimating-effect-of-non-ilu2ayql.png Figure 3. Structural equation model estimating effect of non-Filipino friends on anxiety symptoms, mediated by friendship discord. Covariates are not displayed. *** p < .001, ** p < .01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-regression-models-weighted-estimating-depressive-4505txid.png Table 2 OLS Regression Models (Weighted) Estimating Depressive Symptoms (N = 2,231) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regression-models-weighted-estimating-anxiety-394is798.png Table 3 OLS Regression Models (Weighted) Estimating Anxiety Symptoms (N = 2,280) https://scispace.com/papers/etiology-of-phantom-limb-syndrome-insights-from-a-3d-default-17uw9q1qgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phantom-limb-syndrome-and-cortical-reorganization-the-ilskatxu.png Fig. 2. Phantom limb syndrome and cortical reorganization. The somatosensory homun pathways. In a healthy patient, information from lower sensory and motor neurons reac sensorimotor cortices. Sensory information is also relayed to the posterior parietal corte the ventral part of the laterodorsal nucleus. This information is processed within cortic default space. In a patient with phantom limb, signals are no longer sent from lower senso remain intact and can intrinsically generate sensory and spatial information that is pr Following amputation, neighboring somatosensory neurons, such as neurons correlatin amputated limb. This reorganization results in phantom sensations of the hand on t information and the subsequent representation of this information within 3D default sp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-connections-of-the-parietal-and-somatosensory-cortex-23ayz66k.png Fig. 1. Connections of the parietal and somatosensory cortex: visual fields and body sp parietal cortex and the blue lines represent visual and non-visual information sent to corresponding red body lines that illustrate the processed sensorimotor information that parietal lobe and sensory motor cortex in a healthy individual receives and processes vi body. The parietal lobe spatially maps this information so that the mind can spatially loca syndrome, visual information of the missing limb is received by the left eye, processed w included within the internal representation of visual space. Although there is no long sensorimotor network and other networks in the brain remain intact. This leads to intrin to an intact non-visual representation of the limb being combined with a visual represen is likely due to the integration of this contradictory sensory information and subsequent illustrate the filled-in information within the 3D default space. (For interpretation of the this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/eu-constitutional-governance-failure-as-opportunity-t803c21i36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2dh8pu3c.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/eu-expansion-and-eu-growth-46u5sjypfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stxj9kqo.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-3vx1ip6g.png Figure 5b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-iqz1x3rp.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-3ofut0sq.png Figure 6a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-2m13ub8f.png Figure 6a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-3ifky8ws.png Figure 5b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c1u8uo15.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-studies-of-the-effects-of-economic-3a2vse1p.png Table 1 Empirical Studies of the Effects of Economic Integration on Growth https://scispace.com/papers/eugene-atget-and-documentary-photography-of-the-city-2hl0sle6bq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cabaret-de-l-homme-arme-25-rue-des-blancs-manteaux-2drowy4f.png Figure 4 Cabaret de l'Homme Armé, 25 rue des Blancs-Manteaux by Eugène Atget, ca.1900. Gilman Collection, Purchase, Mrs. Walter Annenberg and The Annenberg Foundation Gift/MET Museum/WikiCommons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pantheon-by-eugene-atget-getty-museum-1qmufpz3.png Figure 3 The Pantheon by Eugène Atget, Getty Museum/WikiCommons, 1924. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rue-du-haut-pave-pantheon-in-distance-by-charles-3kmnikdt.png Figure 2 Rue du Haut-Pave (Pantheon in Distance) by Charles Marville, MET Museum/WikiCommons, 1865–69. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rue-du-haut-pave-by-pierre-emonts-cco-paris-musees-l57z3yqa.png Figure 1 Rue du Haut-pavé by Pierre Emonts, CCØ Paris Musées/ Musée Carnavalet, 1869-1902. https://scispace.com/papers/european-fantasy-of-the-arctic-region-and-the-rise-of-ft5fui2flo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-the-current-administrative-areas-related-to-cwxxkrul.png Figure 2. Map of the current administrative areas related to Sámi rights in Finland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-by-olaus-magnus-carta-marina-1539-this-1f9if7m9.png Figure 1. Map by Olaus Magnus: Carta Marina, 1539. This imaginary remains still today in many respects; the Arctic is of increasing interest https://scispace.com/papers/euv-optical-design-for-a-100-nm-cd-imaging-system-48h2o3x779 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-static-distortion-across-the-ring-field-rays-are-1yu1llqp.png Figure 6. Static distortion across the ring field. Rays are traced through the system when no multilayer is present, when the EUV multilayer is present, and when visible light is used. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-e-participation-institutional-design-a-pilot-1v86pv9f49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-classification-of-regions-based-on-k-means-2iutqv36.png Table 2. The Classification of Regions Based on K-Means Cluster Analysis. Source: Authors’ Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-e-participation-1vxdtit9.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of the E-Participation Institutionalization Index (Russian Regions). Source: Authors’ calculations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-institutional-scheme-of-regional-e-participation-e7h0r2h8.png Fig. 1. Institutional Scheme of Regional E-Participation. Source: Authors' compilation of legal documents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-results-of-the-correlation-analysis-source-53spmp9k.png Table 3. The Results of the Correlation Analysis. Source: Authors’ calculations https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-and-planning-flexibility-in-sustainable-power-3co0le6152 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-rolling-clearing-day-ahead-market-on-the-2efz6rim.png Fig. 6. Effects of rolling clearing day-ahead market on the value of flexibility https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-interest-rate-covariance-models-within-a-value-at-esazbvuxu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-distribution-forecast-test-results-1hp86vbb.png Table 9: Distribution Forecast Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-observed-frequency-of-exceptions-p3fqi51y.png Table 5: Observed Frequency of Exceptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-conditional-coverage-test-results-13rc46ek.png Table 7: Conditional Coverage Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-interest-and-exchange-rates-24rwpbew.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of Interest and Exchange Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-value-at-risk-4flb0hqh.png Table 4: Mean Value-at-Risk https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-dynamic-quantile-test-results-y75uclhv.png Table 8: Dynamic Quantile Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-capital-charge-relative-to-benchmark-model-ewma-3lomlhmk.png Table 12: Capital Charge Relative to Benchmark Model - EWMA-Normal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-out-of-sample-rmspe-for-variances-forecasts-160ffgn8.png Table 2: Out-of-Sample RMSPE for Variances Forecasts https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-light-rain-drop-size-estimates-from-1p6ob24ya1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-9may-2012-at-nasagsfc-from-0-to-5kmmsl-mplnet-top-bsx6jq7k.png FIG. 4. On 9May 2012 at NASAGSFC from 0 to 5kmMSL,MPLNET (top) 527- and (bottom) 355-nm logarithmic normalized attenuated lidar backscatter coefficient [log(Mm21 sr21)] from 1340 to 2359 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-on-9-may-2012-at-nasa-gsfc-from-0-to-5-km-msl-top-1mj7v48o.png FIG. 5. On 9 May 2012 at NASA GSFC from 0 to 5 km MSL, (top) MPLNET 355-/527-nm backscatter color ratio (dB) and (bottom) retrieved median droplet diameter (mm) from 2024 to 2248 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lidar-qbkg-as-defined-in-eq-3-top-derived-from-mie-o5x4xyop.png FIG. 1. Lidar Qbkg as defined in Eq. (3), (top) derived from Mie theory for spherical water drops in 1-mm droplet size intervals and (bottom) Qbkg computed over a size distribution defined in Eq. (1) with m 5 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-measured-cr-profile-at-2143-utc-with-relative-6afii0pd.png FIG. 6. (a) Measured CR profile at 2143 UTC with relative uncertainty. (b) Retrieved D0 from CR profile and relative uncertainty. As the theoretical CR flattens, increasing the raindrop diameter, the uncertainty is bigger for larger drops, near 50% for 600mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-355-527-nm-lidar-color-ratio-defined-in-eq-5-2ap1l134.png FIG. 3. The 355-/527-nm lidar color ratio, defined in Eq. (5), solved as a function of D0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-corresponding-with-fig-1qext-as-defined-in-eq-4-top-3i4rg54c.png FIG. 2. Corresponding with Fig. 1Qext as defined in Eq. (4) (top) derived fromMie theory for spherical water drops in 1-mm droplet size intervals and (bottom) Qext computed over a size distribution defined in Eq. (1) with m 5 2. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-restorative-justice-circles-of-support-and-4hiqj2zb7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-offender-reports-of-social-support-type-of-support-3tebb7oz.png Table 3. Offender reports of social support Type of Support Received https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-information-for-interview-participants-1qviecby.png Table 2. Demographic information for interview participants COSA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mncosa-interview-and-response-rates-criteria-cosa-1in916lj.png Table 1. MNCOSA Interview and response rates Criteria COSA Volunteers Offenders https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-self-report-of-social-support-received-by-offenders-23mh9fcd.png Table 4. Self-report of social support received by offenders (n=10), triangulated with volunteers https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-point-and-density-forecasts-of-dsge-models-1yzl6kq264 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-overview-1cxir2s3.png Table 1: Model Overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-greenbook-output-growth-rmses-based-on-two-different-1ode9bg9.png Table 6: Greenbook output growth RMSEs based on two different data sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-greenbook-output-growth-forecasts-from-two-data-2ku6erve.png Table 5: Greenbook output growth forecasts from two data sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-percentage-of-periods-weighted-forecast-better-than-2947mhlq.png Table 12: Percentage of periods weighted forecast better than Greenbook: 1984-2000 (a) Output growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-performing-forecasting-models-for-three-297l84nw.png Table 3: Best performing forecasting models for three subsamples (a) Output Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-greenbook-rmse-and-relative-rmse-of-model-forecasts-t7hmaya2.png Table 2: Greenbook RMSE and relative RMSE of model forecasts: 1984-2000 (a) Output growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-combination-weights-for-data-vintage-may-12-2000-2seltg7f.png Table 13: Combination weights for data vintage May 12, 2000: output growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-greenbook-rmse-and-relative-rmse-of-weighted-model-3ofcv23o.png Table 4: Greenbook RMSE and relative RMSE of weighted model forecasts: 1984-2000 (a) Output growth https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-structural-pattern-recognition-for-handwritten-5dssqvckmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crohme-part-iii-dataset-statistics-a1w57xhk.png Table 1: CROHME Part III Dataset Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-undirected-structure-for-a-hand-drawn-chemical-j7akydrp.png Figure 4: Undirected Structure for a Hand-Drawn Chemical Diagram and Flowchart. (b) represents an iterative process with a flowchart diagram. (c) identifies which ends of detected arrows connect to a box in (b) using “tail” or “head”, and which primitives “label” boxes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crohme-2012-part-iii-metrics-for-submitted-systems-4-2aoscql6.png Table 2: CROHME 2012 Part III Metrics (%) for Submitted Systems.4 Participants are sorted by expression rate (EXP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-2-written-using-four-strokes-a-c-are-primitive-a8de3us6.png Figure 1: “2+2” Written Using Four Strokes. (a)-(c) are primitive label graphs, and (d) shows trees over objects (symbols) whose structure are equivalent to (b) and (c). Strokes are named in writing order as s1, s2, s3 and s4 with the vertical and horizontal strokes for the ’+’ indicated by (ver.) and (hor.). Dashed edges indicate strokes merged into a symbol. Nodes are labeled with the class of the symbol associated with a stroke. Remaining edges represent relationships: R for adjacent-at-right, and Arg1 and Arg2 for operator arguments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crohme-part-iii-error-metrics-for-label-graph-3mm1b63h.png Table 3: CROHME part III Error Metrics for Label Graph Representations. Participant systems are ranked by average percentage error in label graphs (∆Bn). Shown are sums over all expressions for each Hamming distance (∆B, ∆C, ∆L and ∆S), along with distributions for ∆Bn and ∆E distributions shown by means (µ) and standard deviations (σ). The number of expressions (MathML) with formatting errors (*Expr.) and the number of concerned symbols (*Symbs.) in system outputs are provided. Systems IV and I and II and V switch positions relative to Table2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-different-interpretations-for-2-2-in-fig-1-in-a-we-2neegs70.png Figure 3: Different Interpretations for “2+2” in Fig. 1. In (a) we have recognized “2+” and compare this with Figure 1(b). The missing stroke in the interpretation is treated as unrelated to strokes present in the expression, with an undefined label and undefined relationships with other strokes. In (b) the ’+’ is split, with a superscript between strokes s2 and s4. In (c) the exponent “12” is represented by the edge labeled “Expt.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adjacency-matrices-for-label-graphs-figure-a-shows-2rcwtfgk.png Figure 2: Adjacency Matrices for Label Graphs. Figure (a) shows the adjacency matrix format (li for the label of primitive i and eij of the label of the edge from primitive i to j). Figures (b) to (d) show matrices for Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-impact-of-market-reforms-on-value-at-risk-kyzbe689g7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gives-the-descriptive-statistics-for-the-daily-3l9o4b5n.png Table 3 gives the descriptive statistics for the daily returns. All series display similar means and median, which are close to zero. The A shares consistently display a greater range than do their B share counterparts, with significantly higher maxima and significantly lower minima. Moreover, all series display excess kurtosis, with the distribution of A shares displaying significantly thicker tails than B shares. Furthermore, the SHA, SHB and SZB return series are positively skewed, while the SZA return series are negatively skewed. Finally, all series are found to be highly non-normal according to the Jarque-Bera Lagrange multiplier test statistic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-daily-capital-charges-and-ad-of-violations-2k6ue7wp.png Table 8: Mean Daily Capital Charges and AD of Violations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conditional-mean-and-variance-equations-bcu8c76q.png Table 4: Conditional Mean and Variance Equations https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-unconditional-coverage-uc-serial-independence-si-1n1y9v3l.png Table 7: Unconditional Coverage (UC), Serial Independence (SI), Conditional Coverage (CC) and Time Until First Failure (TUFF) Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-fitted-dcc-between-sza-and-szb-2o93erdt.png Figure 3b: Fitted DCC Between SZA and SZB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-fitted-dcc-between-sha-and-shb-13dn09fy.png Figure 3b: Fitted DCC Between SZA and SZB https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-basel-accord-penalty-zones-2d861xjn.png Table 6: Basel Accord Penalty Zones https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-conditional-correlation-equation-1dw84xpi.png Table 5: Conditional Correlation Equation https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-impact-of-a-coaching-pilot-on-the-resilience-1vl6zceiy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-what-gps-felt-coaching-could-help-them-with-29g2ilbn.png Table 1 What GPs felt coaching could help them with https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-issues-which-influence-gps-desire-to-leave-general-4werr3ly.png Table 4 Issues which influence GPs’ desire to leave General Practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-what-gps-will-take-away-from-coaching-and-use-in-3esoaxbu.png Table 2 What GPs will take away from coaching and use in their future work https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-issues-worked-on-in-coaching-sessions-12o4nwdg.png Table 3 Issues worked on in coaching sessions https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-and-projection-of-mean-surface-temperature-using-21pvzggcui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistical-metrics-of-cmip6-model-represented-3c99pxn9.png Table 3. Statistical metrics of CMIP6 model represented model’s Taylor skill score (TSS), correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), and bias over EA during 1970 – 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-of-annual-mean-temperature-anomalies-2uqlvwee.png Figure 5. Time series of annual mean temperature anomalies over EA region for individual CMIP6 GCMs, mean ensemble and corresponding observed datasets. The gray lines show individual models, while the bold lines are the ensemble and observed data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-trend-and-mann-kendall-trends-of-annual-mean-1zdwvux6.png Table 2. Linear trend and Mann-Kendall trends of annual mean temperature over EA region during 1970 – 2014 using the CRU and CMIP6 models datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-trend-and-mann-kendall-trends-of-annual-mean-sf8zqliz.png Table 4. Linear trend and Mann-Kendall trends of annual mean temperature over EA region in near-term (2020 – 2049), mid-term (2050 – 2079), and long-term (2080 – 2100) periods under the SSP2 – 4.5 and SSP5 – 8.5 scenarios based on MME of CMIP6 models. * indicates significant trend at 5 % significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-projected-changes-in-surface-mean-l2n1ilu6.png Figure 8. Annual projected changes in surface mean temperature (oC) over the EA region https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-de-l-adherence-par-ultrasons-haute-frequence-4mjhzni4mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-resultats-theoriques-evolution-en-fonction-de-la-1h4ktar1.png Fig. 6 : Résultats théoriques : évolution en fonction de la fréquence du module du coefficient de réflexion d'une onde transversale sous incidence nor%, male sur l'interface silice-silice (Kt = w correspond à https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resultats-experimentaux-evolution-en-fonction-de-la-vh565ljt.png Fig. 5 : Résultats expérimentaux : évolution en fonction de la fréquence du coefficient de réflexion d'une onde transversale sous incidence normale sur l'interface silice-silice (fig.5.a : dans le cas d'une mauvaise adhésion; fig.5.b : comparaison entre les deux qualités d'adhérence). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-a-medication-calculation-mobile-app-using-a-eeuqujag0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-participants-who-agreed-strongly-agreed-30vxh8l2.png Fig. 3: Percentage of participants who agreed/strongly agreed with the medication calculations app statements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-hierarchical-regression-analysis-for-3dhu0l7s.png Table 3: Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analysis for Variables predicting medication calculation ability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mobile-app-screenshots-of-a-worked-example-interactive-1ufmwu7l.png Fig. 2: Mobile app screenshots of a worked example, interactive exercise and quiz https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-ability-medication-calculation-ability-and-2fcdk5wa.png Table 2: Numerical Ability, Medication Calculation Ability and Self-Efficacy Pre-Post Intervention https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-information-processing-model-205tuyfb.png Fig. 1: Information processing model https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-a-transfer-of-control-concept-for-airborne-16zkcwdkmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-for-workload-and-situation-awareness-2zaveeks.png Table 1: Mean values for workload and situation awareness under baseline and self-separation conditions. Standard deviations in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-isa-workload-ratings-across-the-five-2atmqa0c.png Figure 1: Results of ISA workload ratings across the five scenario phases (1=Entry, 2=Merging, 3=Crossing, 4=Fanning, 5=Exit) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-isa-situation-awareness-ratings-across-3u82921a.png Figure 2: Results of ISA situation awareness ratings across the five scenario phases (1=Entry, 2=Merging, 3=Crossing, 4=Fanning, 5=Exit) https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-bug-club-a-randomised-control-trial-of-a-whole-2dgki42cm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-reading-programme-evaluations-3kd3bg0k.png Table 1: Primary reading programme evaluations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-different-groups-for-each-phase-of-data-j919bydj.png Table 2: Overview of different groups for each phase of data collection and analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-interaction-effects-of-pp-pupil-level-and-condition-2picqwb9.png Table 7: Interaction effects of PP (pupil level) and condition on Reading Standardised at A1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-gains-in-literacy-from-baseline-to-a1-compared-2ls2tych.png Figure 1: Mean gains in literacy from baseline to A1 compared with A2 to A3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-bc-and-control-pupils-literacy-31xmun0p.png Table 6: Comparison of BC and control pupils’ literacy progress from baseline to A1, baseline to A2 (Y2 at A2 only) and replication study A2 to A3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-standard-scores-for-reading-and-developed-ability-at-3pfe44hm.png Table 5: Standard scores for reading and developed ability at baseline for BC and control groups (excluding children not also assessed at A1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-bc-pupils-group-a-followed-up-from-baseline-to-a3-2eq4ztsn.png Table 10: BC pupils (Group A) followed up from baseline to A3 on Reading Age Equivalent https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-weekly-usage-of-materials-in-bc-schools-b-a1-4tuyaprj.png Table 4: Average weekly usage of materials in BC schools: B-A1 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-ejector-performance-for-an-organic-rankine-130xaawc51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-entrainment-ratio-from-the-3rjfe1gh.png Figure 9: Comparison of the entrainment ratio from the experiments reported in Ref. [44] and the 374 present simulations for the same nominal ejector design with R600a, a variable motive pressure 375 from P1 = 613 to 900 kPa and corresponding discharge pressure from Pd = 295 to 308 kPa. 376 377 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-static-gauge-pressure-distribution-on-the-nozzle-1l1pvk6b.png Figure 12: Static (gauge) pressure distribution on the nozzle wall for an ejector design with a nozzle 481 position of L = 6 mm, a discharge pressure of Pd = 308 kPa, secondary pressure of P2 = 229 kPa and 482 motive pressure of P1 = 780 kPa 483 484 In Figures 11 and 12, it a large static-pressure drop is observed in the axial region from 43 to 485 47 mm. In Figure 11 (with L = 4 mm), the local static (gauge) pressure at an axial position of 486 around 47 mm inside the nozzle decreases dramatically to almost -9×105 Pa, whereas the 487 pressure at the same axial position in Figure 12 (with the optimal L = 6 mm) is about -5.5×105 Pa. 488 Therefore, the nozzle position can introduce considerable differences to the static pressure 489 distribution within the ejector nozzle for the same otherwise operating conditions, and especially 490 at the stated region where the flow first reaches the minimum cross-sectional area, as shown. 491 Similarly, a significant pressure change is observed at the divergence at the nozzle exit, 492 where the kinetic energy (dynamic pressure) of the primary fluid is transformed into pressure 493 energy. It is unavoidable to have a certain degree of energy loss at the nozzle, although some 494 effort can be placed in keeping this loss low, for example by smoothing the edges of the nozzle as 495 shown in Figures 8b and 12. It should be noted that although beneficial to performance, such a 496 design modification will be associated with an increased complexity in manufacturing and give 497 rise to an increased cost of production, making ejectors less suitable for practical deployment. 498 Static pressure alone is not sufficient to allow for a rigorous discussion of the energy (or, by 499 extension, exergy) losses in the ejector nozzle. In general, such losses in a mixing process can 500 arise from thermal mixing (drop in temperature) and fluid-mechanical mixing (drop in pressure), 501 however, given the supersonic flows in our case, the losses are dominated by the latter due to 502 the very high kinetic energy (compared to the enthalpy) of the flows involved, such that they can 503 be considered to manifest largely as total pressure drops. Consequently, total pressure losses 504 through the ejector nozzle (i.e. between the nozzle inlet and exit) for different nozzle positions or 505 conditions can be considered as a measure of exergy losses. Relevant results are shown for the 506 same otherwise working conditions (stated in the captions) in Figures 13 and 14 for both static 507 and total pressures, respectively. The static and total pressure losses are inversely related to the 508 secondary pressure of the ejector under the same operating conditions, such that as the 509 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-static-gauge-pressure-distribution-on-the-nozzle-2gffu75c.png Figure 11: Static (gauge) pressure distribution on the nozzle wall for an ejector design with a nozzle 476 position of L = 4 mm, a discharge pressure of Pd = 308 kPa, secondary pressure of P2 = 229 kPa and 477 motive pressure of P1 = 780 kPa 478 479 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-nozzle-position-on-entrainment-ratio-3q5t2e73.png Figure 10: Effect of nozzle position on entrainment ratio with different nozzle positions with a 461 discharge pressure Pd = 308 kPa and motive/secondary pressure combinations as per Table 2 462 463 4.3 Ejector performance 464 We now proceed to consider in detail (in Figures 11 – 14) the pressure distributions established 465 inside the ejector for the different geometrical design (i.e. nozzle position L) variations and 466 operating conditions (i.e. secondary pressure P2) variations considered above. As expected, the 467 static pressure of the primary fluid does not change considerably when the cross-sectional area 468 of flow is constant. This can be seen, for example in Figure 11 (and also Figure 12) over an 469 approximate axial position range (this position has its origin at the far left-hand entry point of the 470 flow into the modelled domain; see Figures 7 and 8) from 28 to 43 mm. On the other hand, 471 significant pressure variations are induced by sudden changes in cross-sectional flow area and 472 consequent changes in fluid velocity, as would be expected in accordance to Bernoulli's equation. 473 474 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-combined-orc-and-ammonia-water-h7w1dqlj.png Figure 1: Schematic of combined ORC and ammonia-water absorption-refrigeration system 111 112 A number of studies [17-19] have analysed the combined system proposed by Goswami [16], 113 both theoretically and experimentally. From these efforts, it has been concluded that the system 114 is indeed capable of utilizing low-grade heat effectively; however, the cooling capability of the 115 system is relatively low while its complexity is high. This has led other investigators to suggest 116 alternative combined power and cooling configurations, based on the employment of an ejector 117 (single component) as opposed to a refrigeration sub-system, the aim always being to recover 118 low-grade heat effectively while utilizing the advantages of the ejector-refrigeration cycle. 119 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-secondary-pressure-on-entrainment-ratio-3aplrbqg.png Figure 9: Comparison of the entrainment ratio from the experiments reported in Ref. [44] and the 374 present simulations for the same nominal ejector design with R600a, a variable motive pressure 375 from P1 = 613 to 900 kPa and corresponding discharge pressure from Pd = 295 to 308 kPa. 376 377 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-of-ejector-sections-with-pressure-and-b01uqg51.png Figure 6: Schematic of ejector sections, with pressure and velocity profiles in the flow direction 257 258 When the pressure at the exit of the primary nozzle is below a certain critical value, which 259 only depends on the properties of the fluid and on the supplying backpressure of the primary 260 stream from the exit of the turbine (assuming isentropic flow through the primary nozzle), the 261 primary stream is accelerated through this nozzle and delivered to the mixing chamber at 262 supersonic speeds. This is the case illustrated in Figure 6. The secondary stream is then entrained 263 by accelerating quickly into the mixing chamber due to the lower pressure in this region 264 compared to the pressure in the evaporator where this stream originates. 265 Depending on the geometry of the ejector design, the flow may or may not continue 266 through the ejector in a supersonic state, since the converging mixing-chamber section and the 267 constant-area throat will both act to decelerate the flow as the static pressure rises, as predicted 268 by one-dimensional compressible-flow theory for supersonic isentropic flows through converging 269 sections and for supersonic flows through constant-area ducts with friction. Furthermore, the 270 mixed flow can be decelerated by a series of shocks (either normal and/or oblique waves) in the 271 mixing chamber [39]. On the other hand, the flow may remain supersonic through the mixing 272 chamber, as well as through the constant-area throat section if the so-called ‘shock-train’ is not 273 strong enough [40] as shown in Figure 6. Either way, even if the flow remains supersonic, it will 274 accelerate in the diffusing section until a shock eventually causes a sharp rise in pressure and 275 drop in speed to subsonic conditions. Downstream of this point, the flow is subsonic, yet still 276 compressible, with friction and of the increasing flow area acting to continuously decelerate flow 277 as the pressure recovers (increases) until the exit of the ejector into the condenser (discharge). 278 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-eorc-combined-system-with-ejector-xso1qyy3.png Figure 2: Schematic of EORC combined system with ejector primary flow from generator [31] 142 143 Figure 3 is a schematic of a system proposed by Li et al. [32] and Yari et al. [33]. In this 144 organic Rankine cycle arrangement featuring an ejector (EORC), the primary fluid (vapour) flow 145 for the ejector is taken from the second-stage evaporator and the ORC expander outlet is 146 connected to the secondary-flow inlet port of the ejector. A beneficial consequence of this EORC 147 arrangement is that it leads to an enhancement in the pressure ratio across the expander, and 148 consequently, an increase of the power output of the expander (and, therefore, of the whole 149 system). On the other hand, the cooling capacity attained by the system is relatively small. 150 151 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-chimeric-virus-like-particles-capsomeres-and-5nwgtoo0wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-ifn-or-tnf-expression-induced-by-individual-30-ug-i8coirzb.png Figure 16: IFN- or TNF expression induced by individual (30 µg) or pooled (30 µg each) chimeric VLP immunisations. Mice (n=5/group) were immunised as previously described (Figure 15). Splenocytes (5 x 105/well) were cultured with irradiated A20 cells (1.5 x 105/well) and restimulated with individual or pooled PyCSP CD8280-288, CD458-79 and B cell peptides for 72 h. Data are presented as mean + SEM for IFN- and TNF cytokines in pg/ml detected in culture supernatant by CBA analysis. Statistical comparisons are made to the PBS control group, and between homologous VLP and peptide groups using logtransformed data with significance determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni‟s post-hoc test. p<0.05 *, p<0.01 **, p<0.001 *** and p<0.0001 ****. (nt, not tested). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-structural-analysis-of-in-vitro-assembled-chimeric-2k742n96.png Figure 7: Structural analysis of in vitro assembled chimeric murine polyomavirus virus-like particles. Wild and chimeric MuPyV VP1-S4-G4S proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified by liquid chromatography. Proteins were dialysed against an assembly buffer to form VLPs, then against PBS. Post-assembly solutions were analysed to detect the formation of (A) wild-type VLPs, and (B) CD8280-288, (C) CD459-79, and (D) B cell VLP chimeras using asymmetrical flow fieldflow fractionation coupled with multiangled lights scattering (AF4-MALS) and transmission electron microscopy. UV280 absorbance is presented relative to peak absorbance (solid line) for each sample, and particle size is presented as root-square-radius (open circles). TEM scale bar represents 100 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-ovalbumin-specific-igg-responses-following-1rys2igd.png Figure 43: Ovalbumin-specific IgG responses following immunisations. Mice (n=45/group) received an i.v adoptive transfer of cells and immunisations as previously described (Figure 44). Sera collected 5 days after final immunisation was used to detect anti-ovalbumin IgG responses by ELISA with data presented as mean and SEM endpoint titres. Statistical significance was determined with log transformed data comparing groups to the PBS group and between adjuvanted groups using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni‟s post-hoc test p<0.05 *, p<0.01 **, p<0.001 *** and p<0.0001 ****. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-mfi-of-cfse-stained-oti-and-otii-cells-following-in-11unn0rg.png Table 9: MFI of CFSE stained OTI and OTII cells following in vitro stimulation with cells from DLNs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-ifat-detection-of-capsomere-or-vlp-immunisation-164w28yj.png Figure 28: IFAT detection of capsomere or VLP immunisation induced anti-sporozoite antibodies. Mice (n=10/group) were immunised using a three dose regimen with either homologous VLPs, capsomeres or PyCSP plasmid DNA, or a heterologous PyCSP plasmid DNA (x2) prime followed by a single VLP or capsomere boost as previously described (Figure 22). Sera collected from mice five days after final immunisation was pooled, diluted to 1:400 and then used against P. yoelii 17XNL sporozoite coated slides. Slides were then stained using FITC conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibodies and viewed on an EVOS fluorescence microscope. Scale bars are 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-weight-variation-following-doses-with-minicells-5m5ogscj.png Figure 38: Weight variation following doses with minicells. BALB/c mice (n=4/group) received three doses of DS410 strain minicells at 1010, 108 or 106 minicells per dose (or P678-54 were stated), or LPS (endotoxin equivalent of 1010 minicells), or PBS by s.c. or i.p. injections at 3 week intervals. (A) Mice were weighed before and then daily after each immunisation. Data shows the mean weight for each group. (B) Individual percentage weight variation calculated from start weight at each dose was used to calculate the AUC of weight variance. Data is shown as min to max whiskers plots. Statistical comparisons were made to the PBS control with the same route of administration, using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni‟s post-test. p<0.05 *, p<0.01 ** and p<0.001 *** https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experimental-mouse-species-and-source-31cmrcr9.png Table 4: Experimental mouse species and source https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-licensed-vlp-based-vaccines-15-2ey9hvtz.png Table 1: Licensed VLP based vaccines ............................................................................. 15 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-genotoxic-and-cytogenetic-effects-of-saponins-52l5ww2fpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-171fsx9q.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1qziz8vp.png FIGURE 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1pgod8zi.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pcr-reaction-parameters-using-the-different-pairs-of-30dx363v.png Table 2 - PCR reaction parameters using the different pairs of primers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-drugs-tested-and-work-concentrations-15prmrpp.png Table 3: Drugs tested and work concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-14ooqlfv.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3kaj9hre.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2wnr5v4a.png FIGURE 9 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-elevated-bait-trays-for-attracting-blackbirds-179iedidgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-means-and-standard-errors-of-bird-numbers-hr-1-37vkfeot.png Fig. 1. Means and standard errors of bird numbers hr 1 observed on bait trays during seven one-week date intervals in 2007: Date interval 1: 21e27 August, Date Interval 2: 28 August-3 September, Date Interval 3: 4e10 September, Date Interval 4: 11e17 September, Date Interval 5: 18e24 September, Date Interval 6: 25 Septembere1 October, Date Interval 7: 2e8 October. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-means-and-standard-errors-of-bird-numbers-hr-1-2jcu3zgd.png Fig. 4. Means and standard errors of bird numbers hr 1 observed on bait trays during five time-of-day intervals in 2008: Time Interval 1: Sunrise to 2 h post sunrise, Time Interval 2: 2e4 h post sunrise, Time Interval 3: 4 h post sunrise to 4 h prior to sunset, Time Interval 4: 4e2 h prior to sunset, and Time Interval 5: 2 h prior to sunset to sunset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-means-and-standard-errors-of-bird-numbers-hr-1-30vnyxb7.png Fig. 3. Means and standard errors of bird numbers hr 1 observed on bait trays during six one-week date intervals in 2008: Date Interval 1: 3e9 September, Date Interval 2: 10e16 September, Date Interval 3: 17e23 September, Date Interval 4: 24e30 September, Date Interval 5:1e7 October, Date Interval 6: 8e14 October. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-means-and-standard-errors-of-bird-numbers-hr-1-2rc15xmb.png Fig. 2. Means and standard errors of bird numbers hr 1 observed on bait trays during five time-of-day intervals in 2007: Time Interval 1: Sunrise to 2 h post sunrise, tTime Interval 2: 2e4 h post sunrise, Time Interval 3: 4 h post sunrise to 4 h prior to sunset, Time Interval 4: 4e2 h prior to sunset, and Time Interval 5: 2 h prior to sunset to sunset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-and-percentages-of-avian-species-observed-on-1m5uxy2l.png Table 1 Numbers and percentages of avian species observed on rice-baited trays located in central North Dakota from mid-August to mid-October 2007 and 2008. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-hexamethylene-diisocyanate-as-an-indoor-air-z101aytuy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-model-summary-of-hdi-nx81ebm2.png Table 2. Regression model summary of HDI https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-model-for-hdi-polyurethane-factories-1ijlgyhu.png Table 3. Regression model for HDI polyurethane factories factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-descriptive-statistics-of-hexamethylene-diamine-hda-277dykby.png Table 9. Descriptive statistics of hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in different factories (n= 10) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hda-concentrations-in-different-factories-2k62evbd.png Fig. 2. HDA concentrations in different factories https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-result-of-regression-analysis-between-hdi-2wl5b618.png Table 4. Result of regression analysis between HDI concentration and polyurethane indoor air parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristics-of-subjects-4qjtkau4.png Table 6. Characteristics of subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-shows-that-54-of-total-workers-working-in-the-hdi-2950fexk.png Table 7. shows that 54% of total workers, working in the HDI factories were categorized as smokers and also the same percentage of HDI workers had some symptoms [sore eyes, running nose, sore throat, coughing, wheezing (asthma) and chest tightness] relevant to diisocyanates exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-frequency-and-percentage-of-smokers-and-symptoms-of-hgar9pkd.png Table 7. shows that 54% of total workers, working in the HDI factories were categorized as smokers and also the same percentage of HDI workers had some symptoms [sore eyes, running nose, sore throat, coughing, wheezing (asthma) and chest tightness] relevant to diisocyanates exposure. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-in-situ-grouting-as-a-potential-remediation-j71w73ys8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-cont-23jf0pm7.png Table 3.1. (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-central-plateau-shown-in-purple-an-area-of-1m3xhrbk.png Figure 2.1. The Central Plateau (shown in purple, an area of approximately 75 mi2) Encompasses the 200 East and 200 West Areas of the Hanford Site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-injection-pressure-and-radial-distance-estimates-9csa18hq.png Figure 3.3. Injection Pressure and Radial Distance Estimates for Spherical Flow from a Point Injection Source Based on Equations 3.1 and 3.3 and the Parameter Values in Table 3.1. a) The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-injection-pressure-and-radial-distance-estimates-hscnqs31.png Figure 3.2. Injection Pressure and Radial Distance Estimates for Cylindrical Flow into a Layer 0.3-m Thick Based on Equations 3.1 and 3.2 and the Parameter Values in Table 3.1. a) The https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-representative-hydraulic-conductivity-values-for-1m6kmo16.png Table 2.1. Representative Hydraulic Conductivity Values for the 200 West Area Vadose Zone Hanford Formation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-representative-hydraulic-conductivity-values-for-2gphle6n.png Table 2.2. Representative Hydraulic Conductivity Values for the 200 East Area Vadose Zone Hanford Formation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-generalized-central-plateau-geologic-cross-3dc692ir.png Figure 2.2. Generalized Central Plateau Geologic Cross Section Through the Hanford Site (after Hartman 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-parameters-for-equations-3-1-3-2-and-3-3-13ixk10c.png Table 3.1. (Cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-homomorphic-primitives-for-computations-on-1ailaat95v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-difference-in-computation-times-using-nlv-against-fv-2n579ooj.png Fig. 2. Difference in computation times using NLV against FV and YASHE. All values shown in this table are calculated using NLV as the baseline. For example, the values for FV columns are calculated as V alueNLV − V alueFV . Hence, larger the values are the better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computation-times-of-different-homomorphic-operations-2jkv08nt.png Fig. 1. Computation times of different homomorphic operations in the NLV scheme. [t] plaintext space; [D] number of multiplications supported plus one, D=1 implies no multiplication can be performed; [n] degree of a polynomial; [log q] size of the ciphertext space; [SK] secret key; [PK] public key; [Eval k] evaluation key for relinearization; [Enc] encryption; [Dec.deg1] decryption without relinearization; [Dec.deg2] decryption after one relinearization; [Add] addition; [Mult+Relin] multiplication with relinearization; [Overall] overall time. All values of the individual operations are represented in milliseconds, while overall time is in seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-indicators-of-reproducibility-and-transparency-4ibbde5sjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-for-included-and-excluded-studies-1i9budye.png Figure 1: Flow Diagram for Included and Excluded Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reproducibility-and-transparency-characteristics-for-ny4uibxp.png Table 1. Reproducibility and Transparency Characteristics for Sample of Publications in Cardiology Journals https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-isolation-procedures-and-chromogenic-agar-wr6kgw5f9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mrsa-positive-samples-detected-by-the-different-3qjdgkmx.png Table 1: MRSA-positive samples detected by the different detection procedures in combination with 1 different agar plates in pig nasal swabs. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mrsa-positive-samples-detected-by-the-different-2h21eiif.png Table 2: MRSA-positive samples detected by the different detection procedures in combination with 5 different agar plates in veal calf nasal swabs.6 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-numerical-variable-density-approach-to-2yhc6ct41v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-centerline-velocity-decay-for-the-cases-4-5-6-and-309hywtm.png Figure 11 - Centerline velocity decay for the cases 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-half-width-of-half-maximum-of-the-velocity-for-the-cbzsdm0b.png Figure 12 - Half width of half maximum of the velocity for the cases 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-axial-variation-of-the-centerline-density-for-the-12w9mgzr.png Figure 10 - Axial variation of the centerline density for the cases 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-centerline-velocity-decay-for-a-density-ratio-of-o-2lwedghn.png Figure 11 - Centerline velocity decay for the cases 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-axial-variation-of-the-centerline-density-with-a-2nsz1276.png Figure 7 - Axial variation of the centerline density with a density ratio of ω = 0.025 and a chamber pressure of Pr = 0.583. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-centerline-velocity-decay-for-a-density-ratio-of-o-30iid1fl.png Figure 12 - Half width of half maximum of the velocity for the cases 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-half-width-of-half-maximum-of-the-velocity-for-a-lg2o6l0s.png Figure 15 - Half width of half maximum of the velocity for a density ratio of ω = 0.025 and a chamber pressure of Pr = 0.583. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-axial-variation-of-the-centerline-density-for-the-2b1t3vpr.png Figure 25 - Axial variation of the centerline density for the cases 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-scanning-transmission-x-ray-microscopy-at-the-2r3q59cp3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-used-for-stxm-xanes-mn-l23-edge-29isvnzc.png Table 1: Samples used for STXM-XANES Mn L2,3-edge investigations to Mn mean valence 158 quantification 159 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-occupant-volume-strength-in-conventional-aqnmvr8dua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-line-of-draft-on-conventional-railcar-1hzkk0om.png Figure 1 - Line of Draft on Conventional Railcar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schematic-of-stresses-from-compression-17km3e5a.png Figure 11 - Schematic of Stresses from Compression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-exaggeration-of-deformation-of-carbody-100vpwqe.png Figure 12 – Exaggeration of Deformation of Carbody https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compressive-load-applied-to-articulated-3assk99b.png Figure 3 - Compressive Load Applied to Articulated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-application-of-compressive-13rz15ek.png Figure 2 - Schematic Application of Compressive https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-average-occupant-volume-stress-800-kip-load-3o8k89b4.png Figure 14 - Average Occupant Volume Stress, 800-kip Load https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-stress-distribution-in-longitudinal-members-800-1pe6fqlq.png Figure 13 - Stress Distribution in Longitudinal Members, 800-kip Load https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-average-occupant-volume-stress-800-and-6oh3wu5t.png Figure 16 - Average Occupant Volume Stress, 800 and https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-stable-cluster-head-election-sche-routing-24sdbzfay9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-first-order-radio-model-3qwv9viu.png Figure 1: First order radio model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-dissipation-for-leach-and-sche-2k657mk0.png Figure 3: Energy dissipation for LEACH and SCHE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-dissipation-for-leach-and-sche-with-3lha312u.png Figure 4: Energy dissipation for LEACH and SCHE with different d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-dissipation-for-leach-and-sche-with-31x3i4fh.png Figure 5: Energy dissipation for LEACH and SCHE with different number of bit message. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radio-characteristics-28cn6h1j.png Table 1: radio characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-sub-surface-residual-stress-by-ultrasonic-jxzxshaln4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-fe-and-hole-drilling-results-related-to-3ilkkfvp.png FIG. 4 Comparison of FE and hole-drilling results related to the axial residual stress. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hoop-residual-stresses-obtained-from-the-vfem-1u6dak50.png FIG. 5 Hoop residual stresses obtained from the VFEM according to the LCR penetration depths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-axial-residual-stresses-obtained-from-the-vfem-2v5dvytu.png FIG. 6 Axial residual stresses obtained from the VFEM according to the LCR penetration depths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-resolution-of-the-ultrasonic-stress-measurement-1xdsqxc0.png TABLE 4 Resolution of the ultrasonic stress measurement achieved in recent publications. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-correlation-between-kras-mutated-allele-fof91nikoy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-y-scatter-plot-showing-the-correlation-between-11a8do96.png Figure 2 X–Y scatter plot showing the correlation between the tumorous nuclei percentage (TNP) and the adjusted KRAS mutant allele frequency (MAF) (see text for adjustment methods). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-y-scatter-plot-showing-the-correlation-between-1g1n3xtf.png Figure 1 X–Y scatter plot showing the correlation between the tumorous nuclei percentage (TNP) and the KRAS mutant allele frequency (MAF). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-quantitative-accuracy-of-a-commercially-5bhydfpc1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-error-due-to-scatter-error-bars-indicate-the-fi3vydu1.png Figure 3.7: Error due to scatter. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three independent measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-linear-attenuation-coefficients-of-water-and-2zue52sv.png Table 2.2: Linear Attenuation Coefficients of Water and Breast Tissue https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-estimated-background-activity-concentration-in-2q7s375v.png Table 2.3: Estimated Background Activity Concentration in Normal Breast Tissue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-all-12-pem-images-1-cm-thick-of-a-12-cm-thick-158dkvlt.png Figure 3.3: All 12 PEM images (1-cm thick) of a 12-cm thick phantom with 5:1 and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-reference-left-and-transmission-right-scans-of-a-1mmsowzd.png Figure 2.2: Reference (left) and transmission (right) scans of a point source for measuring the error due to attenuation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-the-measured-error-due-to-attenuation-with-the-2lks7jji.png Figure 3.6: The measured error due to attenuation with the percent signal loss expected due to attenuation of 511 keV photons in the given thicknesses (D) of water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-error-due-to-count-rate-in-uniform-background-of-20klgxwi.png Figure 3.4: Error due to count rate in uniform background of phantoms with varying background AC and thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-error-due-to-count-rate-in-lesions-and-background-3v15oz5r.png Figure 3.5: Error due to count rate in lesions and background of https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-relationship-between-the-nao-and-rainfall-3krg665i4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-difference-in-daily-erosivity-between-positive-and-2esn6rcw.png Table 1. Difference in daily erosivity between positive and negative NAO phases (Wilcoxon-Mann-Witney test): number and proportion of series with significant differences. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-subjective-effect-of-middle-ear-5ybamurjny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-aphab-scores-73q48w85.png Table 1. Average APHAB Scores (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-aphab-scores-per-category-obtained-before-254m7gaw.png Figure 1. Mean APHAB scores per category, obtained before implantation (first bars) and 6 months (middle bars) and 12 months (last bars) follow-up, for the subgroup of 14 patients with a complete data set. Standard deviations are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-patients-with-significant-differences-in-2d8y90lq.png Table 2. Number of Patients with Significant Differences in APHAB Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-gbi-scores-3qclurmh.png Table 3. Average GBI Scores https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-two-photon-absorption-characteristics-of-5bf9ws84rt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-of-a-the-vb-to-ib-contribution-3czp8ehs.png FIG. 5. Temperature dependence of (a) the VB to IB contribution to the quantum efficiency of the solar cell and (b) the integrated QR photoluminescence of the solar cell. The photoluminescence was obtained using an unprocessed device structure. The solid lines and the respective energies represent the fitting results obtained using Eq. (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-external-quantum-1jc0knio.png FIG. 6. Temperature dependence of the external quantum efficiency of the GaSb/GaAs quantum rings for EP 1.1 eV. The solid line represents the best fit obtained using Eq. (7) and an activation energy of 152 meV (obtained from Fig. 5(a)) for the thermal emission of holes from the quantum rings. Note the linear scale for the ordinate axis. The ratio between the high and low temperature responses relates to rIC= rVI 3 for IB to CB transitions near the C-point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-optical-and-thermal-transitions-of-1azb0h07.png FIG. 1. Illustration of the optical and thermal transitions of an intermediateband solar cell (a), with sub-bandgap energy EIB. The type-II band structure of the GaSb/GaAs heterojunction (b) results in hole confinement, with the charging and discharging of the quantum structures governed by electron emission (rIC) and optical/thermal hole emission (rVI, eh), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-optical-and-electrical-parameters-ssmm2mgv.png TABLE I. Summary of the optical and electrical parameters obtained for the GaSb/GaAs quantum rings. Similar device structures were used for all of the results, with the photoemission cross-sections and density of hole states representative of a solar cell with 10 imbedded quantum ring layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-description-of-the-photo-response-setup-used-the-solar-2qcw4b2k.png FIG. 2. Description of the photo-response setup used. The solar cell was illuminated using a modulated monochromatic source (primary), in combination with a continuous, supra-bandgap photon source (secondary). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-low-temperature-16-k-photocurrent-spectra-a-of-the-2cpw5jev.png FIG. 3. Low temperature (16 K) photocurrent spectra (a) of the GaSb/GaAs quantum rings and wetting layers obtained using a modulated pseudomonochromatic light source (primary) with and without a second continuous 525 nm source. The external quantum efficiency obtained with the two excitation conditions are compared in (b). The inset gives the spectral dependence of the electron photoemission cross-section from the intermediateband. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-quantum-efficiency-a-obtained-by-subtracting-mh323f3m.png FIG. 4. Relative quantum efficiency (a) obtained by subtracting the efficiency spectra in Fig. 3(b) from one-another. The solid line represents a fit of the relative QE using a logistic function. The density of hole states (b) was obtained by differentiating the relative QE within the grey segment in (a). The energy axis has been adjusted relative to the GaAs bandgap (i.e., bandgap energy minus transition energy). The solid line in (b) represents the density of states obtained by photocapacitance spectroscopy performed on the same structure.12 The two approaches were best related when assuming a constant photoemission crosssection of rIC ¼ 3 10 16 cm2 for EP < 1.1 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-tracheal-imaging-by-optical-coherence-2oipx3vx3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-oct-and-he-section-of-a-human-3udwg7wu.png Fig. 4. Comparison between OCT and HE section of a human trachea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-oct-and-he-section-of-a-pig-trachea-381wtxht.png Fig. 3. Comparison between OCT and HE section of a pig trachea. OCT image corresponds to the area outlined in the HE section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-oct-and-he-section-of-a-rabbit-2jlhdpv0.png Fig. 2. Comparison between OCT and HE section of a rabbit trachea. Epithelium (e), mucosa (m), and cartilage (c) are clearly differentiated as well as a number of glandular tissues (g) and an artifi cial tear (arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-wet-chemical-icp-aes-elemental-analysis-wum9ht04b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-14-elemental-analysis-of-ay-102-c-106-simulant-type-85f3raio.png Table 3-14. Elemental Analysis of AY-102/C-106 Simulant - Type of WTP Waste: HLW-2A - https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-9-elemental-analysis-of-ay-102-c-106-melter-feed-as-2acp4and.png Table 3-9. Elemental Analysis of AY-102/C-106 Melter Feed as Dried Slurry - WTP Sample Type: HLW-2B - https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-20-warm-mixed-acid-method-3w058zwu.png Table 3-20. Warm Mixed-Acid Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-summary-table-of-digestion-methods-tested-in-phase-1f5ozn8y.png Table 2-1. Summary Table of Digestion Methods Tested in Phase I https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-18-elemental-analysis-of-ay-102-c-106-simulant-type-3ka30qsz.png Table 3-18. Elemental Analysis of AY-102/C-106 Simulant - Type of WTP Waste: HLW-2A - https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-23-elemental-composition-of-arg-1-reference-glass-2gfzqsa3.png Table 3-23. Elemental Composition of ARG-1 Reference Glass https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-elemental-analysis-of-ay-102-c-106-simulant-wtp-15sjasvh.png Table 3-1. Elemental Analysis of AY-102/C-106 Simulant - WTP Sample Type: HLW-2A - https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-10-elemental-analysis-of-ay-102-c-106-melter-feed-3siijqw7.png Table 3-10. Elemental Analysis of AY-102/C-106 Melter Feed Vitrified into Glass - WTP Sample Type: HLW-2B - https://scispace.com/papers/evaluations-of-small-area-composite-estimators-based-on-the-2y3097i8f7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-and-such-that-the-weight-becomes-1-thus-the-2724wnth.png Table 2: 𝑛𝑑 and 𝑛𝑑/𝑁𝑑 such that the weight becomes 1 thus the composite estimator is equal to the direct estimator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-external-validation-of-direct-ipf-based-and-3pdcmoir.png Table 3: External validation of direct, IPF-based and composite estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-behaviour-of-the-weights-within-composite-2hmajujz.png Figure 3 The behaviour of the weights within composite estimators across different small area survey sample sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plots-of-rmse-estimates-26fwh839.png Figure 2 Box-plots of RMSE estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-averages-of-rmse-rrmse-rb-and-cb-from-the-1g3s0emm.png Table 1: Summary averages of RMSE, RRMSE%, RB%, and CB% from the direct, IPF and composite estimates across the 300 small areas simulated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rrmse-of-direct-estimates-and-ipf-estimates-149ttacn.png Figure 1 RRMSE% of direct estimates (__) and IPF estimates (---). https://scispace.com/papers/evapotranspiration-estimation-using-landsat-8-data-with-a-2ukx1vgtqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ndvi-based-land-use-classification-3obdzu58.png Table 2 NDVI-based land use classification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparisons-of-daily-et-results-by-tders-sebs-china-1vsk34is.png Table 3 Comparisons of daily ET results by TDERS, SEBS-China, ETWatch, and observation stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-33-days-with-data-obtained-from-the-oli-tirs-of-2swd6v7n.png Table 1 The 33 days with data obtained from the OLI/TIRS of Landsat-8. https://scispace.com/papers/event-threading-within-news-topics-1wgzhfp4py 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-agglomerative-clustering-algorithms-125n0wiv.png Table 3: Comparison of agglomerative clustering algorithms (test set) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-on-the-training-set-best-is-the-optimal-3qbs1qoj.png Table 4: Results on the training set: Best is the optimal value of the threshold . * indicates the corresponding model is statistically significant compared to the baseline using a one-tailed, paired T-test at 95% confidence level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-annotated-data-2nwa9rqo.png Table 1: Statistics of annotated data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-on-the-test-set-3bajqpi8.png Table 5: Results on the test set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-event-model-of-tdt-topic-osama-bin-ladens-13q9zuq5.png Figure 1: An event model of TDT topic ‘Osama bin Laden’s indictment’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-combined-results-on-the-training-set-2jdbid8b.png Table 6: Combined results on the training set https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-combined-results-on-the-test-set-hor8b6w8.png Table 7: Combined results on the test set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evaluation-measures-2ig5fjaa.png Figure 2: Evaluation measures https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-based-postural-assessment-for-use-in-therapy-and-29hjkvl95s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-to-labelling-of-anatomical-landmarks-371llp7b.png Table 1. Key to labelling of anatomical landmarks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-definition-of-anatomical-landmarks-describing-back-1jt7honu.png Figure 4. Definition of anatomical landmarks describing back shape and symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-the-digitizer-coordinate-2q8yrz4z.png Figure 2. The relationship between the digitizer coordinate system and x-ray planes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlations-p-0-0001-3pxp4mlb.png Table 2. Pearson correlations (P>0.0001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intraclass-correlation-coefficients-p-0-0001-1b4desvm.png Table 3. Intraclass correlation coefficients (P>0.0001) https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-for-strongly-coupled-charge-density-wave-ordering-3vtx1cp70j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-optical-conductivity-with-a-and-c-axis-1lv2p7di.png FIG. 8. Color online Optical conductivity with a- and c-axis polarized light at 290 K of Lu5Ir4Si10 green for a axis and magenta for c axis and of Er5Ir4Si10 blue for a axis and black for c axis . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temperature-dependent-dielectric-constants-of-3lvq4oi8.png FIG. 7. Temperature dependent dielectric constants of Lu5Ir4Si10. Left hand panels: Real full circles and imaginary open circles part of the dielectric constant for E a. Right hand panels: The same quantities for E c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-percentage-increase-of-sw-of-lu5ir4si10-as-c6u31u1d.png FIG. 15. The percentage increase of SW of Lu5Ir4Si10 as defined in Eq. 8 plotted versus cutoff frequency. The comparison between c axis black-dotted line and a axis red-dotted line reveals a saturation region below 45 meV. The recovery of SW extends up to 3 eV for both optical axis. Inset: spectral weight integral between 0 and 1000 cm−1 as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-frequency-dependent-scattering-rate-of-lu5ir4si10-300h7bn7.png FIG. 10. The frequency-dependent scattering rate of Lu5Ir4Si10 1 / for E c left panel and E ab right panel . Data are shown for 290 K full line , 110 K dashed line , 65 K dotted line , and 30 K dash-dot line . The data shows for both crystal orientations a rigid increase in scattering rate when temperature is lowered below TCDW. Shaded areas are the energy region where the value of 1 / may be affected by unaccounted for interband transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-frequency-dependent-effective-mass-1-of-lu5ir4si10-2o56qysq.png FIG. 9. The frequency-dependent effective mass 1+ of Lu5Ir4Si10 for E c left panel and E ab right panel . Data are shown for the case of 290 K full line , 110 K dashed line , 65 K dotted line , and 30 K dash-dot line . Shaded areas are the energy region where the value of may be affected by unaccounted for interband transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-spectral-weight-w-t-of-lu5ir4si10-along-the-a-k8ffzvzt.png FIG. 14. The spectral weight W T of Lu5Ir4Si10 along the a lower panel and the c axis upper panel calculated using a cutoff frequency c=0.31 eV. The spectral weight behavior for c c is shown with full empty markers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-the-effective-number-of-carriers-of-18bb1qiv.png FIG. 13. Color online The effective number of carriers of Lu5Ir4Si10 as a function of the cutoff frequency c for both crystal orientations for T=290 K, T=110 K and T=65 K. In the inset Neff is presented over the full measurement range at room temperature and for both crystal orientations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-crystal-structure-of-re5ir4si10-the-3khtveye.png FIG. 1. Color online The crystal structure of RE5Ir4Si10. The rare-earth atoms are represented with large red spheres, Ir atoms with medium blue spheres and Si atoms with small light-gray spheres. With thick blue lines are represented schematically the five chains extending along the c axis which seems to be responsible for the quasimonodimensional behavior of the system and with thick red lines the RE-RE network separating the five chains. https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-from-tunneling-spectroscopy-for-a-quasi-one-3327pn9hbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-alternate-fits-to-the-tunneling-data-a-3409asd3.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Alternate fits to the tunneling data: (a) Mean field gap with TC = 1.45 K, temperature-independent scattering rate ν0 = 70 μeV. (b) Mean field gap with TC = 1.45 K, temperature-dependent scattering rate ν(T ) = ν0 + AT 2 with ν0 = 70 μeV, A = 10 μeV/K2. (c) The conditions of (a) with the gap and scattering rate rescaled by a factor of 1.14. (d) The conditions of (b) with the gap and scattering rate rescaled by a factor of 1.14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-phenomenological-model-applied-to-apo75nf3.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Phenomenological model applied to tunneling DOS and specific heat data. (a) Comparison of normalized tunneling conductance data with the predictions of the phenomenological model. A single parameter, an energy- and temperature-independent scattering rate ν = 70 μeV, has been introduced and set to fit the zero-bias conductance at base temperature. The colors indicate the temperature of a given data point, where the same color scale was used as in Fig. 2(b). (b) Comparison of published specific heat data [Nishizaki et al. (Ref. 23)] with the predictions of the phenomenological model with parameters described in the main text. C/T has been normalized to the normal state value and T to the critical temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-crystal-structure-and-fermi-surface-of-21qk8ksk.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Crystal structure and Fermi surface of Sr2RuO4. (a) Unit cell of Sr2RuO4. Sr atoms are shown in red, Ru atoms in blue, and O atoms in green. (b) The α and β bands are shown in two shades of blue. The quasi-2D γ band is shown in orange. We neglect the dispersion along kz and therefore present a two-dimensional cross section of the Fermi surface. The approximate locations of the lines of zeros in the gap function of Ref. 39 are shown as dashed lines. The near nodes expected on the β band are then indicated by eight red dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-tunneling-dos-results-a-topographic-image-1obice9r.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Tunneling DOS results. (a) Topographic image of the RuO2 plane of Sr2RuO4 acquired at a 2 G junction resistance, −100 mV tip-sample bias. (b) Differential conductance spectra for a sample temperature range between 20 mK and 1.5 K. The minimum electron temperature in the tip is ∼75 mK. The observed gap becomes zero above the superconducting Tc = 1.45 K, as one would expect for the superconducting gap (T ). A finite N (E = 0) DOS at EF is observed at all T . The shape of this spectrum is very consistent with a nodal gap structure and the gap magnitude of ∼350 μeV, consistent with kBTc, must then be that of the primary gapped Fermi surface. The arrows represent Tc. The data at higher temperature were normalized to the same normal state conductance (at E ) as the 21 mK data. (c) At B = 0.15 T, the measured N (E) everywhere far from vortex cores is in red and the quasiparticle bound states within the vortex cores in blue (which from their areal density exhibit = h/2e as shown by imaging the vortex-core locations). The data were acquired at 13 M junction resistances, 2 mV tipsample bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-quasiparticle-dispersion-curves-of-2jupm960.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Quasiparticle dispersion curves of constant quasiparticle energy for several low energy values. Low energy quasiparticle interference should be dominated by scattering between the eight near nodes situated near the zone diagonals. https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-of-electron-phonon-interaction-on-transport-in-n-5bff2vpzy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-variation-of-the-coefficient-a-w-eff-heff-xgtvt6r5.png FIG. 3. Color online Variation of the coefficient A*W eff * heff /L vs Weff for nand p-type NWs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-variation-of-the-resistance-of-nws-vs-the-23cjy0xa.png FIG. 2. Color online Variation of the resistance of NWs vs the temperature: a typical variation for a 50 nm width, n-type NW, from 4 to 325 K, b n-type NWs with widths ranging from 25 to 105 nm, and c p-type NWs with widths ranging from 29 to 104 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-typical-layout-for-the-nws-with-their-olp4dkl2.png FIG. 1. Color online a Typical layout for the NWs with their contacts. b three-dimensional tapping-mode AFM image of a NW with a length of 1400 nm and a width of 35 nm. Z scale ranges from 0 to 25 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-variation-of-the-nw-resistances-vs-the-13f54v6p.png FIG. 4. Color online Variation of the NW resistances vs the inverse of the width for a n-type and b p-type NWs. For the correction, we take into account the depletion width Ld to get the effective width Weff . https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-that-viruses-particularly-siv-drove-genetic-95lu5rwszu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-direct-quantification-of-d-tail-bin-genic-enrichment-39v5mkxh.png Fig 3. Direct quantification of δ tail bin genic enrichment asymmetry. The asymmetry of the genic enrichments in the δ tails is measured by taking their log2 ratio, thus 0 indicates a symmetric enrichment (equal enrichment in both δ tails). NC = Nigeria-Cameroon. Dot = observed asymmetry. Horizontal lines represent confidence intervals estimated by 200kb weighted block jackknife (light = 95%, i.e. alpha = 0.05 for a two-tailed test). Grey vertical marks represent the δ tail asymmetry in simulations, under increasing levels of background selection that best match different aspects of the data: lightest to darkest shades: B = 0.93 (excluding δ tail bins), 0.92 (all δ bins), and 0.88 (unmodified genic B values form McVicker et. al. 2009 [34]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vip-gene-enrichment-in-the-pbsnj-eastern-tail-2ivb2lsi.png Table 1. VIP gene enrichment in the PBSnj eastern tail. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-geographic-distribution-and-population-history-of-25hz99yc.png Fig 1. The geographic distribution and population history of chimpanzees. A, The ranges of each chimpanzee subspecies within western and central Africa. Range data extracted from the map of chimpanzee geographic range from [21]. Map of Africa modified from public domain source [88]. B, Phylogenetic relationships amongst chimpanzees and the timing of their population divergence, modified from [20]. 1 kya: Long term effective population sizes until 1 kya; present: effective population sizes from 1 kya to present. C, Heterozygosity, reflective of relative differences in effective population sizes. Box plots show median central interquartile range, whiskers the upper and lower interquartile range. Points show individual heterozygosity. For all panels, colour designates subspecies: Blue = western, red = Nigeria-Cameroon, green = central, orange = eastern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-siv-responsive-gene-enrichment-in-subspecies-pbsnj-3ati29sr.png Table 2. SIV responsive gene enrichment in subspecies PBSnj tails. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-genic-enrichment-in-bins-of-pbsnj-in-eastern-and-1ij7zxd9.png Fig 4. Genic enrichment in bins of PBSnj in eastern and central chimpanzees. A X-axes: PBS scaled to take values in the range 0–1. Y-axes: Genic enrichment computed as described in Fig 2. Shading represents the 95% CI (i.e. alpha = 0.05 for a two-tailed test) estimated by 200kb weighted block jackknife. B: log2 ratio of the eastern and central PBSnj tail (PBS> = 0.8) genic enrichment. A,B Grey dashed (A) or vertical (B) lines represent the PBSnj genic enrichment in simulations, under increasing levels of background selection that best match different aspects of δ, as described in Figs 2 and 3: lightest to darkest shades: B = 0.93 (excluding δ tail bins), 0.92 (all δ bins), and 0.88 (unmodified genic B values form McVicker). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-genic-enrichment-in-bins-of-signed-difference-in-337ku6du.png Fig 2. Genic enrichment in bins of signed difference in derived allele frequency (δ). A, X-axis: δ is computed as the difference in derived allele frequency, for each pair of chimpanzee subspecies. Tail bins (the last bin in either end of δ) contain those SNPs with the largest allele frequency differences. Numbers are of the genic SNPs in each tail bin. Y-axis: genic enrichment in each δ bin (Methods). B, Genic enrichment eastern and central chimpanzee δ, plotted separately due to a different Y-axis limit. NC = Nigeria-Cameroon. The asterisk shows significance of the asymmetry in the genic enrichment (� = 0.01). Shading represents the 95% CI (i.e. alpha = 0.05 for a two-tailed test) estimated by 200kb weighted block jackknife. Grey dashed lines represent simulations under increasing levels of background selection that best match different aspects of the data: lightest to darkest shades: B = 0.93 (excluding δ tail bins), 0.92 (all δ bins), and 0.88 (unmodified genic B values form McVicker et. al. 2009 [34]). https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-selenocysteine-decoding-and-the-key-role-of-2sg0lf6ihl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sec-decoding-and-selenouridine-seu-synthesis-traits-1phdtba7.png Figure 1. Sec-decoding and selenouridine (SeU) synthesis traits both require selenophosphate synthetase (SPS). However, the set of species that decode Sec overlaps with, but is different from, the set of species that synthesize SeU. The representation excludes species of the eukaryal domain. Note that there is one species possessing SPS, but neither trait (see text). n= numbers of completed prokaryotic genomes. (Total number of complete genomes analyzed was 153.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-non-cognate-charging-of-amino-acids-into-trnas-9srmo4vl.png Table 1. Non-cognate charging of amino acids into tRNAs https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-extortion-in-structured-populations-5ahmrb6x56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-spatial-distributions-of-cooperators-blue-28nzp46t.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Spatial distributions of cooperators [blue (dark gray)], defectors [red (medium gray)], and extortioners (light gray), as obtained from three different initial conditions on the square lattice by means of myopic best response strategy updating. (a)–(c) Evolution starts from a full C phase. Extortioners and defectors can emerge because they are both superior in the sea of cooperators. But defectors are more probable due to their relatively higher payoffs. (d)–(f) Evolution starts from a full Eχ phase. Defectors emerge by chance since they are neutral to extortioners. Cooperators also emerge because they outperform extortioners if the latter are in the majority. (g)–(i) Evolution starts from a full D phase. Here Eχ emerge by chance since they are neutral to defectors. As soon as extortioners segregate and form small compact domains, cooperators become viable too. The pure D phase thus erodes to give rise to a stable mixed C +D + Eχ phase that sets in regardless of the initial conditions. Parameter values in all three cases are b = 1.5, χ = 1.5, K = 0.05, and L = 40. Initial homogeneous states are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-color-coded-stationary-frequency-of-2sut8c9a.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Color-coded stationary frequency of cooperators on the whole b-χ parameter plane as obtained on (left) the scale-free network and (right) the square lattice by means of myopic best response strategy updating. Cooperators are able to survive across the whole interval of the temptation to defect b as long as χ is not too large. This outcome is independent of the interaction topology since results obtained on the square lattice and on the scale-free network are, to a large extent, the same. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-myopic-best-response-strategy-updating-2g3mjedc.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Myopic best response strategy updating preserves cooperation across the whole interval of the temptation to defect b if extortioners are part of the game (lines). If only cooperators and defectors compete, the latter rise to complete dominance already at b = 1.09 (symbols). Extortion thus catalyzes cooperation in structured populations. Here we have used χ = 1.5 to define the extortion strategy Eχ . Figure 2 shows results for the whole b-χ plane and for two different interaction networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-in-the-absence-of-defectors-cooperators-3mpj08uq.png FIG. 4. (Color online) In the absence of defectors, cooperators and extortioners are effectively engaged in a snowdrift game. This relation between strategiesC andEχ results in checkerboard ordering, where players do not have to interact with others of the same kind (see inset). The stationary fraction of cooperators fC therefore remains high regardless of χ and regardless of the topology of the interaction network (main panel). Importantly, the separation emerges spontaneously due to the snowdrift relation and myopic best response strategy updating. Parameter values are b = 1.5 (main panel and inset) and χ = 2 (inset). https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-the-electrochemical-interface-in-high-1ug8ohdxiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soc-principle-and-components-a-soc-operating-in-1il1ofud.png Figure 1. SOC principle and components. (a) SOC operating in electrolysis mode, whereby power is used to split H2O (or CO2) electrochemically into H2 (or CO) and O2, effectively storing electrical energy into a fuel (H2, CO). (b) SOC operating in fuel cell mode, that is, in reverse as electrolysis, whereby a fuel, for example H2, is combined electrochemically with O2 to produce power. Regardless of the mode in which they operate, SOCs consist of three main components, as illustrated in (a) and (b): two porous electrodes, the H2 (or fuel) and O2 (or air) electrodes, separated by a dense electrolyte. Simplified electrode reactions are shown for both SOEC and SOFC mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electrode-potential-driven-activation-and-370l24p2.png Figure 5. Electrode potential-driven activation and passivation phenomena. ., (a) the LSM/YSZ/O2 3PB and (b) the Ni/YSZ/H2,H2O 3PB. MIEC oxygen-electrodes exhibit the same activation and degradation mechanisms as LSM at high negative and positive potentials. At low overpotentials, MIEC oxygen-electrodes have an active 2PB like LSM does under cathodic polarisation (a) but without Mn2+ spreading. MIEC fuel-electrodes generally show considerable activation under cathodic polarisation. The effects of high anodic or cathodic overpotentials on MIEC fuel-electrodes are expected to differ from Ni/YSZ but remain to be investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-materials-and-microstructures-for-soc-electrodes-a-3tyh872p.png Figure 2. Materials and microstructures for SOC electrodes. (a) Diagram highlighting the three key functionalities that electrodes should exhibit to operate effectively (vertices) and classes of materials employed to deliver this (marked circles). Functionality includes: ion conduction (IC), electron conduction (EC), or combined mixed ion and electron conduction (MIEC), and catalytic activity for desirable reactions (Cat.; e.g. water splitting). (b) Crystal structure of a metal M (e.g., Ni); excels at electronic conductivity and catalysis (c) Fluorite (F) crystal structure; excels at ionic and catalytic functions. (d) Perovskite (P) crystal structure; exhibits all types of functionality to various extents, although it does not always excel in terms of catalysis. (e) Crystal structure of an oxygen deficient, layered perovskite, also known as a double perovskite (DP); close to being the ideal single-phase electrode material as they exhibit the full range of desirable functionalities. (f) Crystal structure of a member of the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases, a perovskite-related structure; associated with high interstitial oxygen diffusion rates. (g-n) Schematic illustrations of electrodes highlighting the key types of microstructures and classes of functional materials used to build them (see (a) for colour coding). (g) IC-EC composite structure; also illustrates a 3PB fuel-electrode in SOEC mode. (h) Single-phase MIEC electrode; also illustrates a 2PB fuel-electrode in SOEC mode. (i) ICMIEC composite structure. (j) MIEC-EC composite structure. (k) MIEC with dispersed catalyst particles. (l) IC coated with a percolating layer of MIEC. (m) IC coated with a percolating layer of EC and MIEC. (n) EC coated with a percolating layer of MIEC and dispersed catalyst. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-technologically-relevant-sofcs-using-impregnated-2df9j5zy.png Table 1: Technologically-relevant SOFCs using impregnated electrodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selected-examples-of-electrode-microstructures-2omi2uk9.png Figure 6. Selected examples of electrode microstructures prepared by infiltration. (a) An electron conducting perovskite titanate backbone (La,Sr,Ca)1-aTiO3 (illustrated schematically in green), is infiltrated with adequate precursors (orange outline) to form dispersed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-segregation-and-contamination-at-the-interface-a-2dut7cm5.png Figure 4 Segregation and contamination at the interface. (a) Schematic diagram of A-cations segregation to the surface of perovskites (adapted from ref 16). Segregation occurs typically over 1-10 nm depth, with formation of AO islands or A-cation rich RP layers and likely a sub-surface B-cation rich layer. Such surface reorganisation limits overall functionality for electrode reactions such as oxygen reduction. (b) Possible scheme of Cr deposition at the LSM/YSZ interface according to an electrochemical deposition model with formation of Cr2O3 at the 3PB (adapted from ref 38). (c) AFM micrographs of the YSZ side of Ni-YSZ interfaces after few days of testing at 1000 °C in wet hydrogen (97% H2/3% H2O)42,43; left 99.8 % pure Ni, right 99.99 % pure Ni. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tools-and-models-for-understanding-active-5abwom8k.png Figure 3. Tools and models for understanding active interfaces. (a) IS measurement and corresponding analysis using the Adler-LaneSteel model for a porous mixed-conducting oxygen electrode 7. The figure highlights the correspondence between processes occurring at the electrolyte-electrode interface region (e.g. electron and oxygen transfer/transport) and the features observed in the imaginary vs real impedance components plot. (b) 3D reconstruction by FIB tomography of a Ni-YSZ cermet showing the Ni (green), YSZ (grey), pore (blue) phases, and corresponding 3D map of the 3PBs10. The majority of the 3PB length (63%) is connected and shown in grey10. However, a substantial amount of 3PB length (shown in colours other than grey) consist of shorter, disconnected 3PB segments and therefore are expected to display negligible contribution towards overall electrode performance. (c) Trajectory (top and side view) and corresponding energy of oxygen migration in a perovskite structure (LSM) by computational methods19. For clarity, oxygen ions involved in diffusion are shown in yellow; V, O1 and O2 indicate the vacancy and the initial and final states of oxygen ion conduction, respectively. Oxygen diffusion follows a curved pathway with respect to the B-ion and between the triangle described by two A-ions and the B-ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-structural-and-functional-properties-of-exsolved-33pyl4e7.png Figure 7. Structural and functional properties of exsolved particles. (a) the influence of lattice stoichiometry on particles exsolution (adapted from 87). (b) TEM micrograph showing exsolved particles are partly immersed in the parent host lattice and drawing illustrating this in comparison to conventional metal-oxide interfaces (adapted from 36). (c) TEM micrograph cross-section at the particle-oxide interface together with superimposed atomic detail indicating epitaxy (adapted from 36). (d) False colour SEM micrograph of exsolved Ni particles after hydrocarbon catalysis exhibiting limited coking (adapted from 36). (e) High temperature steam electrolysis performance comparison between a perovskite capable of exsolving Ni metal particles in situ (blue) and one that cannot (red) (adapted from ref 95). (f) SOFC performance in 5000 ppm H2S/H2 with A-site deficient perovskite chromate fuel-electrode displaying extensive exsolution of Ni particles (blue) and a stoichiometric analogue with limited exsolution capabilities (red) (adapted from 94). https://scispace.com/papers/evolutionary-process-of-a-tetranucleotide-microsatellite-2vk2s56ios 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequence-alignments-of-23-haplotypes-in-the-1k53abu5.png Figure 1. Sequence alignments of 23 haplotypes in the flanking region of locus Spl-106. The parentheses between position 37 and 38 indicate the repeat region. 5′-primer site is underlined on the left side, while 3′-end primer site is omitted on the right site of this map because no mutations occured in this primer region. Dots indicate identical sequences. Dashes indicates deletions. The dominant haplotypes were named T1 to T4 with the number of alleles behind them. For example, T4-22 means that the T4 haplotype present in 22 alleles, and the name of these alleles for each hyplotype are listed under the alignment map. Rare haplotypes, which is present in only one allele, were named directly with the code of corresponding allele. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maximum-likelihood-phylogenetic-tree-of-the-1ljr64x7.png Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the flanking sequences reconstructed by the program PhyML (Guindon and Gascuel 2003) using the default parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-evolutionary-rate-of-microsatellite-2wj31880.png Table 2. Estimation of evolutionary rate of microsatellite-flanking sequences in sturgeons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neighbour-joining-trees-based-on-repeat-region-a-xuvdxfub.png Figure 3. Neighbour-joining trees based on repeat region. (A) Tree I based on repeat region with repeat-like (RL) region. (B) Tree II based on repeat region only. The pairwise molecular divergence among homologous was estimated by aligning their tandem repeat sequences using the MS-Align program (Bérard and Rivals 2003). The tree was inferred with FastME (Desper and Gascuel 2002) from the matrix of pairwise alignment distances. For each internal edge, the confidence value (between 0 and 1) and the rate of elementary well-designed quartets (Re) were computed (Guenoche and Garreta 2000). The abbreviations of the species names are given in table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specimen-information-of-15-sturgeon-species-studied-3srbdv7i.png Table 1. Specimen information of 15 sturgeon species studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-encoding-map-of-repeat-and-repeat-like-rl-region-1pzryuwx.png Figure 4. Encoding map of repeat and repeat-like (RL) region. The RL regions are underlined. The four exceptional sequences of Atlantic species, three AG and one AF are in bold font (see text). The different repeat types are divided and indicated by types I, II and III. https://scispace.com/papers/evolutionary-segmentation-of-yeast-genome-4d17m64ztn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-of-artifact-for-fitness-function-based-on-2nv5dvpl.png Table . 2. Example of artifact for fitness function based on correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fitness-function-for-inter-median-differences-29sm8sue.png Table 3. Fitness function for inter-median differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ea-parameters-l2p63hc4.png Table 1. EA parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fitness-function-based-on-averages-26fqxnu6.png Table 4. Fitness function based on averages https://scispace.com/papers/evolutions-of-reproductive-traits-have-no-life-history-2mkhm7xn77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-mean-development-time-larva-to-adult-of-the-fsb-3tp0yxyt.png Figure 3b: Mean development time (larva to adult) of the FSB and FCB females when their 749 parents were subjected cold-shock or no-shock treatments (Experiment 2). We found a 750 significant effect of Selection regime with FSB females developing 3-4 hours slower than 751 FCB females. Treatment had no significant effect. Open bars represent the FSB populations 752 and closed bars represent the FCB populations. 753 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-cold-shock-on-life-time-fecundity-eurndleh.png Table 2. Effect of cold shock on life time fecundity (Experiment 1.2).Summary of results 617 from a three-factor mixed model ANOVA on the life time fecundity using selection (FCB 618 and FSB) and treatment (cold-shock and no-shock) as fixed factors crossed with random 619 block (1-5). 620 621 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-cold-shock-on-the-larvae-to-adults-3ej3ve3m.png Table 5. Effect of cold shock on the larvae to adults survivals (Experiment 4).Summary of 657 results from a three-factor mixed model ANOVA on the mean larvae to adults survivals 658 considering selection (FCB and FSB) and treatment (cold-shock and no-shock) as fixed 659 factors crossed with random Blocks (1-5). p-values in bold are statistically significant. 660 661 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-dry-weight-at-eclosion-of-males-from-the-fsb-and-8usxadx7.png Figure 4a: Dry weight at eclosion of males from the FSB and FCB populations (Experiment 757 3). Selection, treatment or selection × treatment interaction did not have significant effect on 758 mean dry body weight. Open bars represent the FSB and closed bar represent the FCB 759 populations. 760 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-mean-life-time-fecundity-per-female-experiment-1-2-9nk7kykt.png Figure 2a: Mean life time fecundity per female (Experiment 1.2). Fecundity was measured at 709 eleven time points once in every 6 days and mean of eleven time points for fecundity was 710 computed. Selection, treatment or selection × treatment interaction did not have significant 711 effect on fecundity. Open bars represent the FSB populations and closed bars represent the 712 FCB populations. 713 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-life-time-fecundity-per-female-experiment-1-2-n1y6fc0d.png Figure 2a: Mean life time fecundity per female (Experiment 1.2). Fecundity was measured at 709 eleven time points once in every 6 days and mean of eleven time points for fecundity was 710 computed. Selection, treatment or selection × treatment interaction did not have significant 711 effect on fecundity. Open bars represent the FSB populations and closed bars represent the 712 FCB populations. 713 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-effect-of-cold-shock-on-the-dry-body-weight-of-1x2pu263.png Table 4b. Effect of cold shock on the dry body weight of female (Experiment 3).Summary of 649 results from a three-factor mixed model ANOVA on the mean dry body weight of females 650 using selection (FCB and FSB) and treatment (cold-shock and no-shock) as fixed factors 651 crossed with random Blocks (1-5). p-values in bold are statistically significant. 652 653 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-effect-of-cold-shock-on-the-dry-body-weight-of-male-2p6astkf.png Table 4b. Effect of cold shock on the dry body weight of female (Experiment 3).Summary of 649 results from a three-factor mixed model ANOVA on the mean dry body weight of females 650 using selection (FCB and FSB) and treatment (cold-shock and no-shock) as fixed factors 651 crossed with random Blocks (1-5). p-values in bold are statistically significant. 652 653 https://scispace.com/papers/evolved-topology-generalized-multi-layer-perceptron-gmlp-for-2zh7ow0lqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evolution-and-training-settings-2ods9qzd.png TABLE I EVOLUTION AND TRAINING SETTINGS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-used-for-dataset-generation-valid-region-1m0pvykt.png Figure 1. Model used for dataset generation. Valid region inside boundary invalid region outside. https://scispace.com/papers/exact-algorithms-for-procurement-problems-under-a-total-1xucufuyjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-results-for-the-basic-case-17ua4ieu.png Table 1: Computational results for the basic case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gentqdf-as-min-cost-flow-22nnbau8.png Figure 1: GENTQDF as min-cost flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-results-for-variant-1-market-share-14fy11fu.png Table 2: Computational results for variant 1 (market share constraints) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gentqdf-with-a-limited-number-of-winning-suppliers-3bniq9ab.png Figure 3: GENTQDF with a limited number of winning suppliers as min-cost flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-results-for-variant-3-limited-nr-of-2d4790v9.png Table 4: Computational results for variant 3 (limited nr. of winning suppliers) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gentqdf-with-more-for-less-as-min-cost-flow-hd289t81.png Figure 2: GENTQDF with more-for-less as min-cost flow https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-results-for-variant-2-more-for-less-3l2vbybi.png Table 3: Computational results for variant 2 (more for less) https://scispace.com/papers/evolving-agent-swarms-for-clustering-and-sorting-19kgn04j8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fitness-during-the-evolution-of-a-threeobject-2bv1tzmk.png Figure 6: Fitness during the evolution of a threeobject annular sort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-annular-structure-with-a-fitness-of-392-90-is-5hyd1lfo.png Figure 4: An annular structure with a fitness of 392.90 is created after 5080 steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-creation-of-a-three-object-annular-structure-2aw120aa.png Figure 5: The creation of a three-object annular structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mapping-from-an-ants-neighborhood-to-its-neural-gktsrgfw.png Figure 1: Mapping from an ant’s neighborhood to its neural controller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-single-cluster-is-formed-after-5840-steps-32o7dgta.png Figure 2: A single cluster is formed after 5840 steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-formation-of-three-separate-clusters-1rd3rc4l.png Figure 3: The formation of three separate clusters. https://scispace.com/papers/exact-dynamics-of-a-reaction-diffusion-model-with-spatially-485jyk0bnl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-basic-processes-underlying-the-kiscsleftd-and-269ewqq1.png TABLE I. Basic processes underlying the KISCsleftd and RDSsmiddled dynamics. https://scispace.com/papers/exact-solution-and-dynamic-buckling-analysis-of-a-beam-vcegmji54d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-special-cases-for-frequency-response-characteristic-fsqfnyr0.png Table 1 Special cases for frequency response characteristic F (Pc, P0, a1, a2, a3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-response-diagram-fig-4-variation-of-pc-with-2lbd0xj9.png Fig. 3 Frequency response diagram Fig. 4 Variation of Pc with a1, a2 and a3 for frequency ratio ω0/Ω=0.6 and static load P0=1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-beam-column-system-subjected-to-a-time-varying-force-31rh67og.png Fig. 1 Beam-column system subjected to a time-varying force https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behavior-of-p-t-for-different-values-of-a1-a2-and-a3-2s7yv1e6.png Fig. 2 Behavior of P (τ ) for different values of a1, a2, and a3 with a static load P0=2 and modulus k = √ 2/2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-p0-and-a3-on-pc-with-driving-forces-a1-1-a2-2p15azkb.png Fig. 5 Effects of P0 and a3 on Pc with driving forces a1=1, a2=1, and ω0/Ω =1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-frequency-ratio-o0-o-and-driving-force-a3-2ij2e2w3.png Fig. 6 Effects of frequency ratio ω0/Ω and driving force a3 on Pc with a1=1, a2=1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stability-instability-charts-for-eq-12-vxbslh60.png Fig. 7 Stability-instability charts for Eq. (12) https://scispace.com/papers/exact-speedup-factors-for-linear-time-schedulability-tests-3dq3cgaywy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-speedup-factors-lower-bounds-upper-bounds-for-linear-qydqvtjf.png Table 1: Speedup Factors: lower bounds, upper bounds for linear-time schedulability tests, and upper bounds for pseudo-polynomial / exponential-time schedulability tests. https://scispace.com/papers/exact-filtering-and-smoothing-in-short-or-long-memory-1lcg0vji0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simulated-nr-1-top-nx-1-dotted-line-and-ny-1-double-3tl6j4lc.png Fig. 3. (a): simulated Nr 1 (top), Nx 1 (dotted line), and Ny 1 (double dotted line); (b): Nx 1 (dotted) and PF based Nx 1 ˆ (double dotted) (c): https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-of-filters-based-on-pf-and-mmshm-measured-by-2uhmyssf.png Table 1. Errors of filters based on PF and MMSHM measured by https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oriented-graph-dependence-of-a-semi-markov-switching-laop2sv3.png Fig. 2. Oriented graph dependence of a semi-Markov switching model (18)-(20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-classical-model-1-3-b-short-memory-triplet-markov-19p4gn5b.png Fig. 1. (a): classical model (1)-(3), (b): short memory triplet Markov model (4)-(5) ; (c): long memory triplet partially Markov model. https://scispace.com/papers/examination-of-the-effectiveness-of-far-field-mathematical-3os2d3h8vz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-queen-mary-university-of-k3j1m2xv.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation Queen Mary University of London’s sector-shaped single offset reflector CATR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-far-field-amplitude-pattern-for-0-61-m-aut-offset-f17owje0.png Fig. 11. Far-field amplitude pattern for 0.61 m AUT offset case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-far-field-amplitude-pattern-for-0-61-m-aut-offset-tiwa1e6t.png Fig. 14. Far-field amplitude pattern for 0.61 m AUT offset case with cosine squared CMC window function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cylindrical-mode-coefficients-for-0-76-m-aut-offset-30gy4qx2.png Fig. 12. Cylindrical mode coefficients for 0.76 m AUT offset case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-far-field-amplitude-pattern-for-0-76-m-aut-offset-39ckneg9.png Fig. 13. Far-field amplitude pattern for 0.76 m AUT offset case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-far-field-phase-pattern-for-0-61-m-aut-offset-case-x0dm3p9m.png Fig. 15. Far-field phase pattern for 0.61 m AUT offset case with cosine squared CMC window function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-of-x-polarised-illuminating-field-over-sector-hbh64jqh.png Fig. 3. Phase of x-polarised illuminating field over sector shaped reflector – note the supressed spherical phase factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnitude-of-illuminating-fields-over-sector-shaped-1p0a76uo.png Fig. 2. Magnitude of illuminating fields over sector shaped reflector in dB. https://scispace.com/papers/examining-primary-school-teachers-professional-noticing-5ckcf5nd5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-the-research-design-processes-2bex63lg.png Figure 5.1 The research design processes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-screenshot-of-salient-moments-in-the-science-bulvae20.png Figure 5.3 Screenshot of salient moments in the science lesson identified by three teachers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-a-salient-moment-where-the-teacher-used-a-3pp0ftsi.png Figure 5.4 A salient moment where the teacher used a different stimulus to engage students in the science lesson https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-an-example-of-the-reflection-sheet-1uwzlyve.png Figure 5.2 An example of the reflection sheet https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-list-of-participating-teachers-pseudonyms-1iir4vc9.png Table 5.1 List of participating teachers (pseudonyms) https://scispace.com/papers/examining-the-epistemology-of-impact-and-success-of-1bkbgjf73l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-possible-inferences-to-be-drawn-about-the-3i6l77pw.png Table 1: Summary of possible inferences to be drawn about the effectiveness of bursaries https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-bias-in-polycrystalline-magnetite-films-made-by-ion-1wysr8yt1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-of-ibad-film-showing-the-broad-peaks-of-magnetite-3lr3lfyi.png FIG. 1. XRD of IBAD film showing the broad peaks of magnetite phase. The inset figure is the corresponding MFM image representing the polygrain behavior of thin film. The zoomed-in view is a schematic of the MFM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-training-effect-shown-for-hysteresis-loops-at-10-k-and-79b5b1fz.png FIG. 6. Training effect shown for hysteresis loops at 10 K and 77 K, taken after FORC measurements. Note that absolute values of Hex as well as differences in loop-to-loop are much smaller for 77 K than for 10 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fourth-iteration-hysteresis-loops-at-10-k-inset-figure-19wompvy.png FIG. 4. Fourth iteration hysteresis loops at 10 K. Inset figure represents corresponding coercive field and exchange bias field (in kOe) with respect to different cooling fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-first-iteration-hysteresis-loops-at-10-k-for-field-3acenjts.png FIG. 5. First iteration hysteresis loops at 10 K for field cooling in 1kOe. Inset figure represents coercive field and exchange bias field (in kOe) with respect to different cooling fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forc-distributions-at-77-k-after-cooling-in-a-hfc1-4-0-frvtxc8m.png FIG. 3. FORC distributions at 77 K after cooling in (a) HFC¼ 0 kOe (zero field cool), (b) HFC¼ 1 kOe, and (c) HFC¼ 10 kOe. Projections of the three FORC distributions onto the (d) bias field and (e) local coercivity field axis are shown for comparison. (f) First iteration hysteresis loops at 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-room-temperature-forc-distribution-and-its-7ajfhbvu.png FIG. 2. (a) The room temperature FORC distribution, and its projection onto the (b) local coercivity and (c) bias field axis. (d) Hysteresis loop at 300 K. https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-coupling-in-the-correlated-electronic-states-of-5ba7v77vx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-haxpes-spectrum-at-the-fermi-edge-20y1ed9k.png FIG. 6. (Color online) HAXPES spectrum at the Fermi edge measured with linear polarization and post-monochromator at T = 10 K. The fit to the Fermi function results in a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of E = 0.349(18) eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-two-experimental-geometries-3grbnco6.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Sketch of the two experimental geometries for HAXPES (a) and XAS (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-comparison-of-measured-gd-3d-core-level-131xobi0.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Comparison of measured Gd 3d core-level spectra with the result of a theoretical atomic multiplet calculation. The spectra were normalized to the corresponding maximum intensity. (a) Photoemission intensity as a function of the binding energy |EB| showing data from Fig. 3. For better comparison, a Shirley background function has been subtracted from the experimental spectra. (b) The curves represent the corresponding χMCD spectra of the data in (a). For the calculated spectra, a reduction of χMCD has been considered accounting for a nonsaturated magnetization and finite x-ray polarization. (c) Photoabsorption intensity as a function of the photon energy for magnetization parallel and antiparallel to the incident photon direction measured at 300 K. (d) X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of the data shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-magnetic-dichroism-in-gd-3d-emission-a-gd-1o4iuosz.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Magnetic dichroism in Gd 3d emission. (a) Gd 3d core-level photoelectron spectra taken at a photon energy of about 5946 eV with normal emission and using right circularly polarized light. The solid-line spectrum (filled circles) was taken with the sample magnetization parallel to the azimuth of the light incidence direction (M+), and the dotted-line spectrum (open circles) with antiparallel arrangement (M−). (b) The curve represents χMCD calculated from the data in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-magnetic-dichroism-in-fe-2p-emission-a-fe-1ge1wjp5.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Magnetic dichroism in Fe 2p emission. (a) Fe 2p core-level photoelectron spectra taken at a photon energy of 5946 eV with normal emission and using right circularly polarized light. The solid-line spectrum (filled circles) was taken with the sample magnetization parallel to the azimuth of the light incidence direction (M+), and the dotted-line spectrum (open circles) with antiparallel arrangement (M−). (b) The curve represents χMCD calculated from the data in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-comparison-of-measured-fe-2p-core-level-12e5qke7.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Comparison of measured Fe 2p core-level spectra with the result of a theoretical atomic multiplet calculation. The spectra were normalized to the corresponding maximum intensity. (a) Photoemission intensity as a function of the binding energy EB showing data from Fig. 2. For better comparison a Shirley background function has been subtracted from the experimental spectra. (b) Corresponding χMCD spectra of the data in (a). For the calculated spectra, a reduction of χMCD been considered accounting for a nonsaturated magnetization and finite x-ray polarization. (c) Photoabsorption intensity as a function of the photon energy for magnetization parallel and antiparallel to the incident photon direction measured at 300 K. (d) X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of the data shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-sequence-of-haxpes-spectra-of-the-gd-3d5-3a4gxia2.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Sequence of HAXPES spectra of the Gd 3d5/2 multiplet peaks measured at the indicated sample temperatures. The spectrum measured at 10 K has been fitted by a GaussianLorenzian peak function with an energy width of 1.45 eV. The inset shows the magnified J ′ = 6 peak which shifts to higher binding energy by Eexc with increasing temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-relative-3sqqyzke.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the relative core level exchange energy and the MCDXPS of Gd and Fe. Absolute values are normalized to their values determined at 10 K. Full lines are fits of the function Mi/M0 = 1 − bT 3/2 to the corresponding data Mi . https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-coupling-and-contribution-of-induced-orbital-3lxb24h5dy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-calculated-ground-state-spin-smallest-homo-lumo-2peuz6vm.png TABLE IV. The calculated ground-state spin, smallest HOMO-LUMO gap, exchange coupling constant, polar and azimuthal angles and of the magnetic easy axis a and b axes are shown in Fig. 5 , longitudinal and transverse magnetic anisotropy parameters D and E, magnetic anisotropy barrier MAB calculated using the three methods, and the expectation value of spin-orbit-coupling induced orbital angular momentum L for three different molecules, Fe2Mn2 2+, Fe2Co2 2+, and Fe2Ni2 2+, in comparison to the SMM Mn12. The numbers in the parentheses are experimental values Ref. 32 . The two values in the MAB are obtained from the first and third methods that are discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-geometry-of-a-simplified-form-of-a-single-1tf74vet.png FIG. 1. Color online Geometry of a simplified form of a single Fe2Mn2 2+ molecule. The original chemical formula is Tp Fe CN 3M DMF 4 2 2+. When the Mn ions are replaced by Co or Ni ions, this geometry becomes Fe2Co2 2+ or Fe2Ni2 2+. Each Fe ion is surrounded by Tp CN 3, while each Mn Co or Ni ion is surrounded by NC 2 and DMF 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-bond-lengths-in-units-of-a-between-metal-ions-and-2cqmepen.png TABLE V. Bond lengths in units of Å between metal ions and their nearest neighboring anions and bond angles in units of degree for the three cyanide-bridged molecular magnets. Here M can be Mn, Co, or Ni. The local environment around the Fe ions has much lower symmetry than that around the M ions. Some of the anions are marked in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-total-spin-s-the-smallest-homo-lumo-gap-the-10oxx5ci.png TABLE VI. Total spin S, the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap, the expectation value of the induced orbital angular momentum, and magnetic anisotropy barrier MAB for the four isolated parts of the three cyanidebridged molecular magnets. See the text for the definition of the two values in the MAB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-total-density-of-states-and-projected-1jrlzsqr.png FIG. 4. Color online Total density of states and projected density of states onto orbitals of specific atoms for majority black and minority green or gray spin in the S=3 ferromagnetic spin configuration of a single Fe2Ni2 2+ molecule. The vertical line indicates the Fermi level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-total-and-projected-density-of-states-892y1p8k.png FIG. 3. Color online Total and projected density of states onto orbitals of specific atoms for majority black and minority green or gray spin in the S=4 ferromagnetic spin configuration of a single Fe2Co2 2+ molecule. The vertical line indicates the Fermi level. Compared to Fe2Mn2 2+ and Fe2Ni2 2+, the three t2g levels of the Fe ions for majority spin are not well separated. The smallest minority HOMO-LUMO gap is 0.03 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-calculated-magnetic-moments-of-selected-atoms-fig-1uphloa3.png TABLE III. Calculated magnetic moments of selected atoms Fig. 1 in units of B. The moments are not integer values since they were calculated by enclosing a sphere around each atom in the three molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-total-density-of-states-dos-and-projected-q939q0kn.png FIG. 2. Color online Total density of states DOS and projected density of states onto orbitals of specific atoms for majority black and minority green or gray spin in the S=4 ferrimagnetic spin configuration of a single Fe2Mn2 2+ molecule. The vertical line indicates the Fermi level. The total density of states has a different scale from the projected density of states onto Fe 3d and Mn 3d orbitals. Notice that for the Fe 3d orbitals, the t2g levels are well separated from the eg levels and that the t2g levels are clearly split into three near the Fermi level. https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-rate-predictability-and-a-monetary-model-with-time-4b0groagl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-cointegration-coefficients-and-engle-fx57o5sz.png Table 2. Estimates of Cointegration Coefficients and Engle-Granger Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-varying-cointegration-coefficients-for-1mf7mxbw.png Figure 1. Time-varying Cointegration Coefficients for https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-augmented-dickey-fuller-for-2jgbx070.png Table 1. Augmented Dickey-Fuller for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-varying-cointegration-coefficients-for-1w0w3d0s.png Figure 2. Time-varying Cointegration Coefficients for https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predictive-regressions-in-sample-analysis-1xouh685.png Table 5. Predictive Regressions: In-sample Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-specification-tests-for-the-monetary-model-10hwocbd.png Table 4. Model Specification Tests for the Monetary Model with Time-varying Cointegration https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predictive-regressions-out-of-sample-analysis-n96n8t26.png Table 6. Predictive Regressions: Out-of-sample Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demeaned-regression-errors-with-1-1-1-vs-demeaned-38y6ctz3.png Figure 3. Demeaned regression Errors with [1 -1 1] vs. Demeaned Cointegration Errors with Time-varying Coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-of-bonded-hydrogen-in-amorphous-silicon-by-10u12dvuei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neutron-scattering-intensity-vs-wave-number-q-for-a-si-atzxe7p7.png Fig. 2. Neutron scattering intensity vs wave number Q for a-Si:H/a-Si:D superlattice with dr = 235*. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ir-absorption-spectra-of-the-si-h-and-si-d-stretch-t1ypke9k.png Fig. 1. IR absorption spectra of the Si-H and Si-D stretch bands vs wave number: (a) a-Si:H/a-Si:D superlattice with dr - 95&; (b) E0 layers of a-Si:H 200* thick, 150 sec D 2 plasma; (c) 7 layers of a-Si :H 1000* thick, 813 sec D ? plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sims-depth-profile-of-7-layers-of-a-si-h-1000-thick-3am2ler3.png Fig. 3. SIMS depth profile of 7 layers of a-Si:H 1000& thick, each exposed to 833 sec D 2 plasma. https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-rates-and-casualties-during-the-first-world-war-2r0q6geyd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-british-and-german-soldiers-missing-and-taken-13llfja3.png Figure 8: British and German soldiers missing and taken prisoner by month. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficients-between-casualty-data-and-32p0zkap.png Table 4: Correlation Coefficients between Casualty Data and Series Imputed from the Five-Country Monthly Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-decomposition-for-the-five-country-monthly-166qshe3.png Table 3: Variance decomposition for the five-country monthly model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-exchange-rates-normalized-to-have-a-mean-of-m1ur6ppk.png Figure 1: Monthly exchange rates normalized to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daily-exchange-rates-normalized-to-have-a-mean-of-35tbrywp.png Figure 2: Daily exchange rates normalized to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-3tvm1jyy.png Table 2: Estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-coefficients-between-consumption-and-2s9fibr9.png Table 5: Correlation Coefficients between Consumption and Shipping Data and Series Imputed from the Five-Country Factor Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-one-step-ahead-forecast-of-the-common-trend-ft-svtcpa7p.png Figure 5: The one-step-ahead forecast of the common trend, f̂t , (solid line, left axis) for the three-country model, first principal component of the monthly exchange rates (dashed line, right axis), and first principal component of the notes in circulation (dotted line, right axis). https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-sponsored-analyst-coverage-2e55ubd3i0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-market-reactions-to-forecast-revisions-1cm8t2sg.png TABLE 4 Market reactions to forecast revisions https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-spring-driven-spin-flop-transition-in-erfe2-yfe2-4hazmdih7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hysteresis-curves-for-erfe2-50-a-yfe2-150-a-x20-at-a-3qcgwf7c.png Fig. 3. Hysteresis curves for [ErFe2(50 Å)/YFe2(150 Å)]×20 at (a) 100 K and (b) 200 K, obtained using OOMMF. Bapp is parallel to the [110] growth axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-anisotropy-energy-surfaces-for-the-erfe2-1po0p4fg.png Fig. 2. Calculated anisotropy energy surfaces for the ErFe2 layers at (a) 100 K and (b) 200 K. The arrows indicate the average direction of the ErFe2 moment as the applied field is swept from a high positive to negative value. At 100 K arrow 1 (2) corresponds to an applied field of +15 T (-15 T). At 200 K arrow 1 (4) corresponds to an applied field of +7.52 T (-7.52 T) and arrow 2 (3) corresponds to an applied field of +3.04 T (-3.04 T). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hysteresis-curves-obtained-for-erfe2-50-a-yfe2-150-a-1ko28c7i.png Fig. 1. Hysteresis curves obtained for [ErFe2(50 Å)/YFe2(150 Å)]×20 at (a) 100 K and (b) 150 K. The arrows indicate the direction in which the field is being swept. Bapp is parallel to the [110] growth axis. https://scispace.com/papers/excitation-function-measurements-of-12-c-4-he-8-be-8-be-12-c-1fzci09kls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-decay-energy-spectrum-for-multiplicity-two-15ea0tje.png FIG. 1. (a) The decay-energy spectrum for multiplicity two events at Ebeam = 19.6 MeV. The peak close to 92 keV corresponds to the decay of the 8Be ground state. (b) The total energy spectrum for 12C(4He, 4He + 4He)8Be reaction and Ebeam = 19.6 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distances-of-detectors-from-the-target-position-and-2ex0y2wm.png TABLE I. Distances of detectors from the target position and the central angles of detectors measured with respect to the beam direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-16o-excitation-energy-spectra-for-the-8be-wr2bivze.png FIG. 5. (Color online) 16O excitation energy spectra for the 8Be + 8Be decay channel. The data from the 12C(4He, 8Be)8Be reaction from the present measurements and those of Chevallier et al. [3] are compared with the spectrum for the 12C(12C, 8Be + 8Be)8Be measured at a beam energy of 84 MeV [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-comparison-between-the-12c-0-a-black-1juvbcbx.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Comparison between the 12C(0+) + α (black) and 12C(3−) + α (red) decay channels. (b) The ratio of the normalized yield in the 12C(3−) channel to that in 12C(0+) and (c) the yield associated with the 12C(0+) final state divided by that in 12C(3−). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-excitation-functions-for-a-8be-8be-b-12c-1i51bw6p.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Excitation functions for (a) 8Be + 8Be, (b) 12C(0+) + α and (c) 12C(3−) + α final states. The solid (red) line in (a) corresponds to the measurements of Chevallier et al. [3]. Error bars reflect the statistical uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-12c-excitation-energy-spectrum-for-multiplicity-1js1s8gu.png FIG. 2. (a) The 12C excitation energy spectrum for multiplicity three events at Ebeam = 19.6 MeV. The peaks close to 7.65 and 9.64 MeV correspond to the decay of the 0+ and 3− states, respectively. (b) The total energy spectrum for 12C(4He, 4He + 4He + 4He)4He reaction and Ebeam = 19.6 MeV. https://scispace.com/papers/excitation-induced-germanium-quantum-dot-formation-on-si-100-4chiwh428p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-rheed-pattern-of-22-ml-ge-deposited-at-18hv4r2c.png FIG. 5. Color online a RHEED pattern of 22 ML Ge deposited at 250 °C with an excitation laser of 77 7 mJ /cm2. b AFM image of the surface. c Size histogram from the AFM image shows that the average length l and the most expected length ml are 94 nm and 100 nm, respectively. d AFM images of individual islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-rheed-patterns-recorded-at-different-ge-1titbj7y.png FIG. 6. Color online a RHEED patterns recorded at different Ge coverage deposited at 250 °C with an ablation laser of 5 J /cm2 and an excitation laser of 106 10 mJ /cm2. b AFM image of the final 22 ML Ge film shows that film is consisting of rectangular-based huts, square-based pyramids along with some multifaceted domes. c Size histogram of the AFM image shows that the average length l and the most expected length ml are 110 nm and 112 nm, respectively. d AFM images of some of the individual islands show rectangular-based huts, square-based pyramids, and some multifaceted domes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-rheed-pattern-of-22-ml-ge-deposited-at-2lay81tt.png FIG. 4. Color online a RHEED pattern of 22 ML Ge deposited at 250 °C with an excitation laser of 37 4 mJ /cm2 shows a transmission pattern. b AFM image of the surface shows high-density Ge islands with a majority of rectangular-based huts. c Size histogram from the AFM image shows that the average length l and the most expected length ml are 80 nm and 75 nm, respectively. d AFM images of individual islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-for-deposition-at-250-degc-without-an-2t0fpzy6.png FIG. 3. Color online a For deposition at 250 °C without an excitation laser, the RHEED pattern decays continuously with coverage resulting in a diffuse pattern. b AFM image could be described as a collection of 3D clusters with different shapes and sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-rheed-pattern-at-different-deposition-ol66extb.png FIG. 1. Color online a RHEED pattern at different deposition times for a substrate temperature of 390 °C. 20 keV electron beam energy, angle of incidence with the surface 2.5 0.4° and ablation laser energy density of 5 J /cm2 is used in all experiments unless otherwise stated. b AFM image shows well distributed islands with different sizes and shapes. The majority of those islands are rectangular-based huts and square-based pyramidal shape island. c Size distribution shows average length l=77 nm and the most expected length, ml=75 nm. d Individual islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-rheed-pattern-obtained-at-different-1qgjlidr.png FIG. 2. Color online a RHEED pattern obtained at different deposition times. Excitation laser energy density=106 10 mJ /cm2. b AFM image. c Island size distribution. With the excitation laser, the islands become more rounded and they lose their facetation. Island density, coverage ratio, and variation in size, area and height decrease, while average length, height, and area increase when the excitation laser is used. Average length l and most expected length ml are 167 nm and 187 nm, respectively. d Individual dome-shaped islands and square-based pyramids are seen in AFM images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-intensity-of-the-specular-spot-after-hta4nw3k.png FIG. 8. Color online Intensity of the specular spot after termination of Ge deposition with the substrate maintained at 250 °C for a Ge coverage of 22 ML. In the bottom scan, both the ablation laser fluence 5 J /cm2 and the excitation laser 106 10 mJ /cm2 were turned off at time t=0. The excitation laser was then turned on at t=75 s. In the top scan, no excitation laser was used. The ablation laser was turned off at t=0 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-rheed-patterns-recorded-at-different-ge-2l7jzbbm.png FIG. 7. Color online a RHEED patterns recorded at different Ge coverage deposited at room temperature with an ablation laser energy density of 5 J /cm2 and corresponding AFM image of the final 22 ML Ge film. The line scan across the AFM image shows mean surface roughness is 8.6 nm without excitation laser. b RHEED patterns and AFM image for the same conditions as in a but with an excitation laser energy density of 106 10 mJ /cm2 showing decrease in surface roughness when the excitation laser is used. https://scispace.com/papers/exercise-effects-on-physiological-function-during-aging-1kj11byr9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-suggested-relationship-between-vo2max-organ-1bk5j0su.png Fig. 1. The suggested relationship between VO2max, organ function and mitochondrial dynamics. Increased levels of cardiovascular fitness, VO2max is associated with decreases in mortality and improved organ function, suggesting a systemic response to regular exercise. Increased levels of fitness are often associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and well balanced mitochondrial dynamics. The adaptive response of SIRT3 to exercise training could attenuate the age-associated decline in cellular metabolism and the increase in mitochondrial ROS production. Exercise training decreases oxidative stress and attenuates age-associated deterioration of mitochondrial function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-regular-exercise-increases-the-efficiency-of-cellular-14it44ny.png Fig. 2. Regular exercise increases the efficiency of cellular housekeeping. Aging is often associated with decline of the cellular housekeeping system resulting in accumulation of damage and impaired function. The main housekeeping systems, such as autophagy, mitophagy, proteasome, Lon protease, p53 and the base excision repair are all benefically effected by regular exercise. The enhanced housekeeping is essential to improved cellular and organ function as well as to decelerating the aging process. https://scispace.com/papers/exercise-for-the-management-of-cancer-related-fatigue-326a5968nk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-32ftccw4.png Figure 2. ’Risk of bias’ graph: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-of-bias-summary-review-authors-judgements-25udgeao.png Figure 1. ’Risk of bias’ summary: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study. https://scispace.com/papers/exeter-at-clef-2002-cross-language-spoken-document-retrieval-14jpag2jbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-retrieval-results-for-topic-translation-using-pro-mt-3hze9rax.png Table 2. Retrieval results for topic translation using Pro MT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-retrieval-results-for-topic-translation-using-sys-mt-2cgd0g3f.png Table 1. Retrieval results for topic translation using Sys MT https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-retrieval-results-for-topic-translation-with-sys-mt-1sjiwwon.png Table 3. Retrieval results for topic translation with Sys MT and pilot searching https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-retrieval-results-for-topic-translation-with-pro-mt-2g983fxj.png Table 4. Retrieval results for topic translation with Pro MT and pilot searching https://scispace.com/papers/exhalant-jet-speed-of-single-osculum-explants-of-the-52d2zc02pl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-exhalant-jet-speed-measured-in-various-leucon-type-3lrihm0p.png Figure 10. Exhalant jet speed measured in various leucon-type sponge species by different 488 authors (Tables 1 & 3). 489 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-exhalant-jet-speed-u0-osculum-diameter-d-23hsmtu1.png Table 3. Measured exhalant jet speed (U0), osculum diameter (D), osculum cross-sectional area 440 (OSA), Reynolds number (Re = U0D/ν), and sample size (n) of various sponge species. 441 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-halichondria-panicea-a-close-up-of-a-single-osculum-31out9ow.png Figure 6. Halichondria panicea. (A) Close-up of a single-osculum explant (ID #7, Table 1) 465 showing flow through the excurrent canals (ec) and osculum (osc) after uptake of green 466 fluorescent dye from the ambient seawater via incurrent canals (ic; visible from top view, 467 diameter ~200 µm). (B-D) Different stages of a spontaneous contraction in the explant during 468 long-term observation (Video 1 in Supplement) including (B) expanded osculum and excurrent 469 canals (measured canal diameters d1-d3 are indicated by broken lines) and (C, D) contraction of 470 the osculum and endopinacoderm lining the excurrent canals (arrows). Scale bars: 1 mm. 471 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-halichondria-panicea-spontaneous-contractions-over-3bitezct.png Figure 7. Halichondria panicea. Spontaneous contractions over time of a single-osculum 473 explant (ID #7; cf. Fig. 6 & Video 1 in Supplement), expressed by (A) repeated osculum closure 474 (contraction-expansion events 1-3, arrows) and (B) associated constriction of excurrent canals 475 (arrows; cf. d1-d3, Fig. 6B). 476 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-and-observed-scaling-of-sponge-volume-vs-2x9sue31.png Table 2. Theoretical and observed scaling of sponge volume Vs, osculum cross-sectional area 438 OSA, exhalant jet speed U0 and filtration rate F. 439 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-halichondria-panicea-exhalant-jet-speed-u0-of-18wbr2km.png Figure 3. Halichondria panicea. Exhalant jet speed (U0) of single-osculum explants as a 456 function of the osculum cross-sectional area (OSA). 457 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-halichondria-panicea-flow-pattern-and-speeds-of-rguv7a5v.png Figure 8. Halichondria panicea. Flow pattern and speeds of tracer particles accelerated by the (particle-free) exhalant jet of an explant 478 during osculum closure (at t = 0, 4, 8, 15, 20, 25, 30 min; Fig. 9, ID #1) triggered by addition of GABA (1 mM; at t = 0). Ink particles 479 (2 × 105-fold dilution) were traced over 10- (●), 50- (+), 100- (□), or 200-frame (○) intervals (Δt; from 60.61 fps video recordings). 480 The maximum observed particle speed (Umax, mm s−1) is indicated for each instantaneous cross-sectional area (OSA, mm²). Scale bar: 481 1 mm. 482 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-halichondria-panicea-characteristics-of-single-paup25x0.png Table 1. Halichondria panicea. Characteristics of single-osculum sponge explants. OSA: 433 osculum cross-sectional area; A: projected area; h: height; Vest [= πA2/3h]: estimated volume; 434 Vmea: measured volume; U0: exhalant jet speed at distance x = 0 mm from osculum (cf. Fig. 1); 435 x1/2: distance where center velocity of jet UC = 0.5U0; Fest [= OSA × U0]: estimated filtration rate; 436 FV [= Fest/Vest, or when possible = Fest/Vmea]: volume-specific filtration rate. 437 https://scispace.com/papers/exhaled-nitric-oxide-in-copd-j629cfa9b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-calculated-from-the-two-compartment-2lz2jo82.png Table 1. Parameters calculated from the two-compartment models. https://scispace.com/papers/existence-of-bound-states-of-a-polaron-with-a-breather-in-59ui3fc1h6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-the-real-top-and-imaginary-bottom-parts-2eh8kzoy.png FIG. 10. Color online The real top and imaginary bottom parts of the linear mode spectrum as a function of the coupling constant for intersite polarons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-the-argument-top-and-modulus-bottom-of-2hnycu3r.png FIG. 9. Color online The argument top and modulus bottom of the Floquet eigenvalues as a function of the coupling constant for one-site polarobreathers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-color-online-top-panel-energy-as-a-function-of-the-i5j5eml4.png FIG. 20. Color online Top panel: Energy as a function of the coupling constant for the new branch of polarons. Middle and bottom panels: Lattice middle and electronic bottom coordinates of a polaron of this branch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-top-and-middle-panels-profiles-of-the-yuepv4v7.png FIG. 11. Color online Top and middle panels: Profiles of the lattice un, top and electronic component n 2, middle of a twosite polarobreather with b=0.8 and =0.15. Bottom panel: Floquet spectrum of this solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-the-argument-top-and-modulus-bottom-of-wozo80rg.png FIG. 12. Color online The argument top and modulus bottom of the Floquet eigenvalues as a function of the coupling constant for two-site polarobreathers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-color-online-top-panel-time-evolution-of-the-1mymurwj.png FIG. 19. Color online Top panel: Time evolution of the displacement of the central particle at =0.72 using as the initial condition a static polaron at =0.718. Bottom panel: Contour plot of the energy density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-color-online-the-argument-top-and-modulus-bottom-of-3opk45c6.png FIG. 18. Color online The argument top and modulus bottom of the Floquet eigenvalues as a function of the coupling constant for type II twisted polarobreathers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-top-panel-evolution-of-the-displacement-391ou040.png FIG. 1. Color online Top panel: Evolution of the displacement of the central particle of a slightly perturbed static polaron with =0.5. Middle and bottom panels: The Fourier spectrum of the corresponding time series for the lattice variable middle and the electronic one bottom . The existence of only one frequency indicates the simple periodic nature of the solution. https://scispace.com/papers/exotic-hadrons-in-heavy-ion-collisions-5axwu5057k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-5-summary-of-particle-yields-for-other-hadrons-i-cf-3c59vel3.png Table 3.5: Summary of particle yields for other hadrons (I) (cf. Table 2.5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-summary-of-the-charged-charmonium-like-states-the-31iup7px.png Table 2.1: Summary of the charged charmonium-like states. The mass and width are taken from PDG [48]. Zc(3900), Zc(4020) and Zc(4430) are listed in the PDG summary Table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-summary-of-the-charged-bottomonium-like-states-1clqzf95.png Table 2.2: Summary of the charged bottomonium-like states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-possible-resonance-h-signal-in-the-ll-correlation-2jgw0e4h.png Figure 5.4: Possible resonance H signal in the ΛΛ correlation function. Signal for (EH ,ΓH) = (14 MeV, 4.5 MeV) and (EH ,ΓH) = (1.8 MeV, 1.5 MeV) are multiplied by 10 and 2, respectively. Figure is taken from Ref. [36] with some modifications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-production-probabilities-with-the-resonance-wave-328f1euq.png Table 4.5: Production probabilities with the resonance wave function, Π̃r’s, and the integrated resonance parts, Πr’s, divided by ρc https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-the-integrated-non-resonance-and-resonance-parts-3mtz6clu.png Table 4.4: The integrated non-resonance and resonance parts divided by ρc https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-volume-of-the-2ae3c16w.png Figure 3.1: Temperature dependence of the volume of the matter produced at RHIC (LHC) during the entropy conserving expansion with the hadronization temperature TH = 162 (156) MeV and the volume VH = 2100 (5380) fm3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-the-binding-energy-eb-scattering-length-a0-and-10ehaz0t.png Table 5.2: The binding energy (EB), scattering length (a0) and effective range (reff) with and without the Coulomb attraction in the spin-2 pΩ state. Physical masses of the proton and Ω are used. https://scispace.com/papers/expanding-beyond-borders-the-yen-and-the-yuan-k1w418b4eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-japan-foreign-d6bqthm9.png Table 6: The People’s Republic of China and Japan: Foreign Direct Investment by Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-foreign-exchange-reserves-2w8sds7k.png Figure 1: Global Foreign Exchange Reserves https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-economies-and-main-currencies-5rv2g48l.png Table 1: Main Economies and Main Currencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-japan-in-asias-e4zgt7zt.png Figure 3: The People’s Republic of China and Japan in Asia’s trade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intra-regional-merchandise-trade-2010-vn2n7i9s.png Figure 2: Intra-Regional Merchandise Trade, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-united-states-european-union-and-japan-a-comparison-3j5xw3x9.png Table 2: United States, European Union, and Japan: A Comparison, 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-japan-direction-of-1zx3n3es.png Table 5: The People’s Republic of China and Japan: Direction of Trade https://scispace.com/papers/expanding-malware-defense-by-securing-software-installations-472f721gj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behavior-of-apache-installation-3mu5s09d.png Fig. 2. Behavior of Apache Installation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-and-operation-of-ssi-2o4fwthz.png Fig. 1. Design and operation of SSI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-overhead-of-ssi-all-numbers-are-in-kl4efytm.png Table 1. Performance overhead of SSI. All numbers are in seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/expected-reliability-analysis-for-wireless-corba-with-24x2w4bebm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wireless-corba-environments-and-components-31u5m0xz.png Figure 1. Wireless CORBA environments and components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reliability-importance-of-smscheme-3btf0c3y.png Figure 8. Reliability importance of SMscheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-terminal-mttf-of-sm-scheme-18lkbdp5.png Figure 7. Two-terminal MTTF of SM scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-system-states-and-markov-model-in-mm-scheme-h06hi36b.png Figure 9. System states and Markov model in MM scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-states-and-markov-model-in-ms-scheme-34c89fvj.png Figure 2. System states and Markov model in MS scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-general-two-terminal-mttf-vs-number-of-components-2h44xeen.png Figure 11. General two-terminal MTTF vs. number of components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-state-probability-and-expectedreliability-of-mm-1v0lmqca.png Figure 10. State probability and expectedreliability of MM scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-terminal-mttf-of-ms-scheme-1275oqh0.png Figure 4. Two-terminal MTTF of MS scheme https://scispace.com/papers/experience-with-bxgrid-a-data-repository-and-computing-grid-7bocuf9zo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-iris-and-metadata-2x53tglz.png Fig. 1 Sample Iris and Metadata https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-the-web-portal-interface-315bnic7.png Fig. 6 Examples of the Web Portal Interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sharing-datasets-for-cooperative-discovery-ebshz1w3.png Fig. 7 Sharing Datasets for Cooperative Discovery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-expected-failure-rate-for-replicated-data-h4qft2f9.png Fig. 8 Expected Failure Rate for Replicated Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-architecture-j60x0j6l.png Fig. 3 System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-system-growth-jul-2008-jan-2009-getmv1ui.png Fig. 10 System Growth Jul 2008 - Jan 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-workflow-abstractions-for-biometrics-2r5acc0l.png Fig. 2 Workflow Abstractions for Biometrics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fragment-of-database-schema-14f67fy2.png Fig. 4 Fragment of Database Schema https://scispace.com/papers/experiences-in-using-immersive-virtual-characters-to-educate-2ygrm88q99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-female-standardized-patient-trained-actor-uni6buyo.png Figure 1. A female standardized patient (trained actor) complains of abdominal pain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-students-notes-about-the-session-with-diana-3o6o848t.png Figure 6. A student’s notes about the session with DIANA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-female-virtual-patient-complains-of-abdominal-2bjys53q.png Figure 2. A female virtual patient complains of abdominal pain. The instructor on the right coordinates the diagnosis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-right-student-is-d-with-acute-abdominal-pain-1z1cvalh.png Figure 3. The (right) student is d with acute abdominal pain, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-system-layout-3gk20tuy.png Figure 4. System layout. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-student-asks-does-it-hurt-here-x0bl22ug.png Figure 5. Student asks, “Does it hurt here?” https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-analysis-of-propeller-forces-and-moments-at-2vgu0gpso6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-balance-and-propeller-coordinates-1rn2gm9a.png Figure 3: Balance and propeller coordinates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-naca-propellers-test-matrix-12ijvnhy.png Table 2: NACA Propellers Test Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3d-printed-naca-propellers-fac0s9ah.png Figure 8: 3D Printed NACA propellers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-pitching-moment-measurements-on-two-naca-wumc7ynj.png Figure 14: Pitching moment measurements on two NACA propellers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-normal-force-and-yaw-moment-measurements-on-two-2rgeddaf.png Figure 13: Normal force and yaw moment measurements on two NACA propellers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-low-pitch-naca-propeller-test-matrix-39mi0xsw.png Table 3: Low-Pitch NACA Propeller Test Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-thrust-and-torque-measurements-on-naca-propeller-34ka7fp3.png Figure 18: Thrust and torque measurements on NACA propeller with βtip = 10 ◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aerodynamic-loads-on-a-propeller-at-incidence-3hac08gz.png Figure 4: Aerodynamic loads on a propeller at incidence https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-theoretical-modeling-of-fe-co-cu-mn-based-1aw72xp1i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b-tem-image-of-a-commercial-pt-c-catalyst-q6tyf3ss.png Fig. 3 b) TEM image of a commercial Pt/C catalyst https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-tem-image-of-a-co-fe-s-catalyst-11dkueua.png Fig. 3 b) TEM image of a commercial Pt/C catalyst https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-theoretical-study-of-co-sorption-in-clay-2lzv9q349z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mmt-structure-si-atoms-blue-form-tetrahedrons-with-p2p2aujz.png Fig. 1: MMT structure. Si atoms (blue) form tetrahedrons with four bonding O (red) in SiO4 units. Mg and Al atoms (light blue and orange respectively) form octahedrons with the six bonding O in (Mg/Al)O6 units. H atoms are light-grey. In the interlayer, the Na atoms (yellow) are surrounded by four H2O molecules in this example case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-partial-x-ray-diffractions-for-natural-mmt-before-dark-17u256e6.png Fig. 2: Partial X-ray diffractions for natural MMT before (dark yellow) and after (red) Co2+ sorption process. The simulated XRD lines obtained from fits with Voight functions are also included https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-com1-structure-after-atomic-position-and-cell-38zlzmwx.png Fig. 5: CoM1 structure after atomic position and cell parameters relaxation. Some Co and O atoms are numbered in correlation with the text https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lattice-parameters-d001-a-and-angles-deg-obtained-202mg907.png Table I: Lattice parameters, d001 [Å] and angles [°] obtained from the structure relaxation for the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-division-of-the-unit-cell-of-mmt-the-6t1n2b4f.png Fig. 3: Schematic division of the unit cell of MMT. The interlayer blocks consist of the ((Al/Mg)O6) and the (SiO4) octahedron/tetrahedron units, while in the interlayer there are the Na or Co together with their surrounding H2O. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-comparison-of-concolic-and-random-testing-for-3zczb4m4m0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-average-numbers-of-tests-per-mutant-and-average-3a44m2h0.png Table 3. The average numbers of tests per mutant and average times spent for generating test, spent for executing tests and spent in total per mutant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-more-detailed-listing-of-the-numbers-of-mutations-33r8aqpt.png Table 2. More detailed listing of the numbers of mutations caught. The numbers for combinations not listed (e.g. only caught by decoupled differential testing) are zero. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-correctly-detected-mutations-for-the-17cni54v.png Table 1. The number of correctly detected mutations for the different approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-architecture-of-lct-12akic1y.png Fig. 1. The architecture of LCT https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-determination-of-the-solubility-product-of-19pdj15cre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-dolomite-solubility-products-constants-1bxruoii.png Figure 1: Summary of dolomite solubility products constants reported in the literature as a function of reciprocal absolute temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stoichiometric-molal-compositions-of-starting-3jz7kkl1.png Table 4. Stoichiometric molal compositions of starting solutions for HECC experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-all-dolomite-equilibrium-constants-measured-in-this-3l0pfnz5.png Figure 3: All dolomite equilibrium constants measured in this study plotted as a function of reciprocal temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-summary-of-dolomite-solubility-products-as-a-29s6tmta.png Figure 5: Summary of dolomite solubility products as a function of reciprocal temperature. A description of the various fit curves is provided in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-standard-state-properties-of-dolomite-and-1pimuklv.png Table 2. Values of standard state properties of dolomite and aqueous species involved in reaction (1) at 25 °C and 1 bar reported in the literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-composition-of-the-initial-sainte-colombe-2vu84uyh.png Table 3: Chemical composition of the initial Sainte Colombe dolomite seeds before the experiments and following its reaction in selected experimental series https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dolomite-apparent-solubility-products-qsp-dol-ionic-3je47rfz.png Table 6. Dolomite apparent solubility products, Qsp-dol, ionic strengths, I, activity coefficients, (NaCl), and the equilibrium constant for reaction (1), Ksp°dol, calculated for all experiments performed in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-steady-state-fluid-concentrations-in-all-dolomite-39acqmqf.png Table 5. Steady-state fluid concentrations in all dolomite solubility experiments performed in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-evidence-of-boundary-induced-coupling-currents-23ecv0d6dk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measurement-of-b3-periodicity-during-the-low-current-3rublwbn.png Fig. 1. Measurement of B3 periodicity during the low current (550 A) plateau after ramp-down at 50 A/s in the MTP1A3 model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amplitude-of-periodic-pattern-of-normal-sextupole-b3-2361cqun.png Fig. 3. Amplitude of periodic pattern of normal sextupole B3 during the low current (550 A) plateau at different times after ramp-down, at 50 A/s. Measurements at different locations along the length of the MTP1A3 dipole magnet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-amplitude-of-periodic-pattern-in-1g9uwo5g.png Fig. 2. Evolution of the amplitude of periodic pattern in normal sextupole and decapole during the low current (550 A) plateau after ramp-down, at two different ramp-rates in the MTP1A3 model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-geometric-and-electric-parameters-of-the-inner-layer-g67103uj.png TABLE I GEOMETRIC AND ELECTRIC PARAMETERS OF THE INNER LAYER CABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-amplitude-of-periodic-pattern-of-normal-sextupole-b3-9rlgr0eh.png Fig. 4. Amplitude of periodic pattern of normal sextupole B3 during the low current (890 A) plateau at different times after ramp-down at 20 A/s. Measurements at different locations along the length of the MTP1N2 dipole magnet (the sketch identifies their location with respect to the winding). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-change-of-the-amplitude-of-periodic-pattern-of-normal-3a990pxo.png Fig. 5. Change of the amplitude of periodic pattern of normal sextupole during the low current (550 A) plateau after ramp-down at 50 A/s for the MTP1A3 dipole and at 20 A/s for the MTP1N2 dipole. The solid lines are added to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-evidence-for-the-relaxation-coupling-of-all-4ac1e9lxo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intensity-differences-map-of-the-inner-quadrupolar-1tx7k02f.png Figure 4: Intensity differences map of the inner quadrupolar satellites of the spectra from figure 3. The regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-observable-spectra-resulting-from-the-t1-sae-1tglq66j.png Figure 7: Observable spectra resulting from the T1/SAE -simulations with Spinach; S1 a, S1 b: Without relaxation coupling of the even and odd longitudinal orders; S2 c, S2 d: With relaxation coupling of the even and odd longitudinal orders. The green and pinked colored spectra in S1 a and S1 c are displayed in frontview in the subplots S1 b and S2 d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pulse-sequence-of-the-mqf-inversion-recovery-a9o5753y.png Figure 2: Pulse sequence of the MQF inversion-recovery experiment with variable relaxation delay time td. For triple quantum filtration of the longitudinal order 30T the pulses 1β and 2β have a flip angle of 1 2 90β β= = ° and 1β is cycled through a 6-step phase cycle of 1 30 , 90 ,1 50 , 210 , 270 , 330ϕ = ° ° ° ° ° ° . For double quantum filtration of 𝑇𝑇30, the pulse lengths are 1 90β = ° . and 2 54.7β = ° and 1β is cycled through a 4-step phase cycle of 1 0 , 90 ,180 , 270ϕ = ° ° ° ° . For double quantum filtration of 20T the pulse lengths are 1 2 54.7β β= = ° , where 1β is cycled through a 4-step phase cycle of 1 0 , 90 ,180 , 270ϕ = ° ° ° ° . The receiver phase recϕ is cycled through 0° and 180° at all three experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-2d-t1-sae-relaxation-spectra-showing-systematic-1skwxuxd.png Figure 3: a-c: 2D-T1/SAE relaxation spectra, showing systematic asymmetries (b, c) and dispersive components (a). The positions of the spectra in the correlation map are indicated by the three colored bars, with the red bar representing the spectra in a, the black bar the spectra in b and the blue bar the spectra in c. d: 2D-T1/SAE correlation map of LGPS, recorded at room temperature. Regions of different longitudinal relaxation (T1) and Limigration (τc) behavior of LGPS are labeled A – D. The parts in the distribution encircled by dashed ellipsoids have negativ signs. The yellow solid line marks data points with c 1Tτ = , and the green solid line marks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relaxation-matrix-element-pre-factors-for-the-2wrgpubf.png Table 1: Relaxation matrix element pre-factors for the quadrupolar spin lattice relaxation with a residual time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pulse-sequence-of-the-2d-t1-sae-correlation-1h00m7eq.png Figure 1: Pulse sequence of the 2D-T1/SAE correlation experiment. The delay time td and the mixing time tm are varied independently. The echo is recorded transiently for each iteration. Conceptually, the experiment represents an inversion recovery pulse sequence with the variable recovery time dt , using the Jeener–Broekaert https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-triple-quantum-filtered-1i7lazl7.png Figure 5: Evolution of the triple quantum filtered longitudinal order 30T (violet) and the double quantum filtered https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-d-time-evolution-of-the-longitudinal-orders-for-2iiuwu3v.png Figure 6: a,d: Time evolution of the longitudinal orders for simulation S1 ( '10T , ' 20T , ' 30T , solid lines) and https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-determination-of-vertical-instability-strength-2pyq1bvhnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-387cmqam.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-df1zk5p4.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-g3dinrnh.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-f6hvfuqf.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1sln7o6n.png Table I https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electrical-properties-of-the-four-loop-current-1s04mi82.png Table 1 Electrical properties of the four loop current circuits shown in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-aj9jou2b.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-26uw2wwd.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-generation-of-an-optical-field-with-arbitrary-1g9tywotpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-a-binary-amplitude-grating-composed-of-a-series-1g1azfrn.png Fig. 1. Left: A binary amplitude grating composed of a series of rectangular pulses diffracting light into multiple orders. Middle: Pulse position modulation where a phase change is induced in the diffracted order as a result of a shift in the pulses. Right: Change in the amplitude of the diffracted order by pulse width modulation in which the diffraction efficiency is varied by changing the duty cycle of the binary pulses. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-of-the-air-side-fouling-of-finned-2ic3jvocg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-setup-2d8i6s56.png Fig. 1 Block diagram of the setup https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-density-and-size-distribution-of-the-dust-used-14hz5yg0.png Table 2 Density and size distribution of the dust used https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-targeted-operation-conditions-210qb2m3.png Table 3 Targeted operation conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-air-and-water-temperatures-during-a-2d6vqnk3.png Fig. 5 Time evolution of air and water temperatures during a test for the G2 heat exchanger https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-of-constant-t-and-k-for-the-different-2gwmik22.png Table 4 Values of constant τ and k for the different geometries (see Eq. 9) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-time-evolution-of-the-ratio-of-the-fouled-and-25pi4heg.png Fig. 12 Time evolution of the ratio of the fouled and unfouled heat transfer coefficients, experimental and fitting results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-evolution-of-the-pressure-dropfig-6-time-1wa8i9yw.png Fig. 8 Time evolution of the pressure dropFig. 6 Time evolution of the heat transfer coefficient for the G2 heat exchanger https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photographs-of-heat-exchangers-after-fouling-test-a-g1-2tbw9x91.png Fig. 7 Photographs of heat exchangers after fouling test. a G1; b G2 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-to-verify-if-excessive-plastic-3rizvm52hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-326-fuafj6gj.png Table 1. Experimental conditions. 326 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-methods-for-the-general-economist-five-lessons-3hfdtb26ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-transactions-price-paths-for-representative-3wm1fr9b.png Figure 4.Mean Transactions Price Paths for Representative Differentiated Product Bertrand and Cournot Markets. Source: Davis (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-classification-of-seller-adjustment-patterns-in-a-1od6opv1.png Figure 3. A Classification of Seller Adjustment Patterns in a Differentiated Product Oligopoly Source: Davis (2011) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-contract-price-paths-from-three-double-auction-1u9ftey0.png Figure 5. Mean Contract Price Paths from Three Double Auction and Three Posted Offer Markets in a Trend Demand Design. Source: Left panel, Davis et al. (1993), Right panel Davis and Holt (1997). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-median-contract-prices-and-fundamental-prices-for-2gv3jw7b.png Figure 2. Median Contract Prices and Fundamental Prices for Asset Markets Composed of Female and Male Traders. Source: Adapted from Eckel and Fulbrünn (2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-performance-of-undergraduates-relative-to-2duhcbjy.png Figure 1. Relative Performance of Undergraduates Relative to ‘Reals’ in Thirteen Laboratory Experiments. Source Fréchette (2015a). https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-observations-of-transport-of-picosecond-laser-4y0l3pd7ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-of-the-experimental-arrangement-1jh5765h.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic of the experimental arrangement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-results-from-a-single-shot-onto-a-nail-target-a-2gvcnhex.png FIG. 2. Color Results from a single shot onto a nail target. a Cu K emission; b Ti K emission; c 68 eV XUV emission; d 256 eV XUV emission. Similar data were collected for each of the four targets fielded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-enhanced-view-of-the-horizontal-portion-of-the-8sp5utyq.png FIG. 5. Color Enhanced view of the horizontal portion of the wire shown in Fig. 2 c shown above an illustration of the limb brightening effect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-k-emission-image-from-a-50-m-diameter-solid-ti-2yev7qs0.png FIG. 4. Color K emission image from a 50 m diameter solid Ti wire shows limb-brightened emission extending around a 90° bend. The plot below shows a lineout taken at the position of the yellow box in the main image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-lineout-showing-cu-k-emission-along-a-1hl6jm4t.png FIG. 3. Color online Lineout showing Cu K emission along a nail wire. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-research-on-multichannel-discharge-circuit-and-3rki7tjtes 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characteristics-of-discharge-circuit-of-two-m6hmuxpf.png Figure 2. Characteristics of discharge circuit of two-electrode PSJA: (a) simplified circuit (b) evolution of discharge voltage and current (c) evolution plasma resistance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-discharge-current-waveform-1lvqf54m.png Figure 15. The discharge current waveform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-plasma-resistance-and-discharge-efficiency-for-3iwwnya6.png Figure 16. The plasma resistance and discharge efficiency for discharge with different channel number https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-schematic-diagram-of-the-relay-multichannel-1aq7rclb.png Figure 4. the schematic diagram of the relay multichannel discharge circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-multi-electrode-psj-actuator-jegu7o1v.png Figure 14. The multi-electrode PSJ actuator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-the-number-of-discharge-channel-and-gap-hp603dkh.png Figure 8. Effect of the number of discharge channel and gap distance on breakdown voltage and peak current https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-multichannel-discharge-voltage-and-current-1rce529t.png Figure 6. The multichannel discharge voltage and current waveforms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equivalent-circuits-after-three-sequential-32ar3nid.png Figure 7. Equivalent circuits after three sequential discharges https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-signal-dissection-and-method-sensitivity-34uv4wsvs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-testing-statistics-for-the-bayesian-inference-1y3sslb4.png Table 3. Model-testing statistics for the Bayesian inference analyses. 1053 Mkprinf Mkprinf + G lnBF 2xlnBF https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-the-mp-analysis-of-constrained-6fnqrwod.png Table 2: Results from the MP analysis of constrained gneconifer trees 1048 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-studies-of-influence-of-dc-and-ac-electric-1to4ati3fl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optical-microscopic-image-for-bridging-under-1lvozgul.png Figure 8. Optical microscopic image for bridging under influence of AC electric field with 0.024% concentration of 63-150 µm cellulose particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-increment-of-pixels-in-microscopic-images-under-3e6akof6.png Figure 9. Increment of pixels in microscopic images under influence of AC electric field with 0.024% concentration [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-for-dc-biased-ac-test-14-xjbuhyi5.png Figure 1. Experimental setup for DC biased AC test [14] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-increment-of-pixels-in-microscopic-images-under-3n96ysqt.png Figure 11. Increment of pixels in microscopic images under influence of DC biased AC electric field with 0.024% concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-optical-microscopic-image-for-bridging-under-2tk0u0i6.png Figure 10. Optical microscopic image for bridging under influence of DC biased AC electric field with 0.024% concentration of cellulose particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-microscopic-images-of-bridging-in-291yasd4.png Figure 3. Optical microscopic images of bridging in contaminated transformer oil with 250-500 µm pressboard fiber, concentration level 0.003%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-microscopic-images-of-bridging-in-1be6om4d.png Figure 2. Optical microscopic images of bridging in contaminated transformer oil with 150-250 µm pressboard fiber, concentration level 0.003%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conduction-current-at-different-voltages-influenced-2jrulxfp.png Figure 4. Conduction current at different voltages influenced by particle sizes with contamination level of 0.003% [11]. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-oscillating-grid-turbulence-1zvjfb3zey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-computed-values-of-the-time-averaged-integral-38e44n98.png Figure 5. (a) Computed values of the time-averaged integral length scale, `, plotted against height ξ. (b) The same data but scaled by the reference integral length scale, `0, from each experiment. The data obtained using the coarse and fine grids are shown separately, indicated by the circles and crosses, respectively. The data shown are from the representative subset of experiments (indicated by the ‡ superscripts in table 1) for ReG = 2024, 2308, 4218 and 6155 [see legend in (b)]. For each ReG, data from the n repeats are shown, where n = 2, 4 or 5 (see table 1). Also shown in (b) are corresponding experimental data from Thomas & Hancock (1977) and a prediction based on RDT by Hunt & Graham (1978) (see legend). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-measurements-of-the-vertical-flux-of-tke-u3q2-1-18rt4jpg.png Figure 9. (a) Measurements of the vertical flux of TKE, 〈u′3q′2〉1, plotted against scaled height ξ/`0. The data have been normalised by the trend expected in the absence of the floor plate, denoted (u′3q ′2)0. The data shown are from the representative subset of experiments (indicated by the ‡ superscripts in table 1) for ReG = 2024, 2308, 4218 and 6155 (see legend). For each ReG, data from the n repeats are shown, where n = 2, 4 or 5 (see table 1). Also shown are data taken from Hannoun et al. (1988). (b) Measurements of correlation coefficients 〈u′iu′iu′3〉1/〈wu′2i 〉1 for i = 1 and i = 3 (with the summation convention dropped), plotted against scaled height ξ/`0. The data are shown are from the representative subset of experiments, for ReG = 2024, 4218 and 6155 (see legend). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketches-showing-the-key-components-of-the-a5n6ffjy.png Figure 1. Sketches showing the key components of the experimental set-up. (a) A side view showing the positioning of the reciprocating drive mechanism, the horizontal grid, the false floor and the inner and outer boxes. (b) A plan view showing the position of the inner box relative to the grid’s mesh, and the position of the camera relative to the vertical laser-sheet. Also shown are the coordinate directions (x1, x2, x3), and the vertical height normal to the false floor, denoted ξ = H − x3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-showing-the-inverse-turbulence-intensities-u1-k4tighcp.png Figure 4. Plots showing the inverse turbulence intensities 〈|U1|/u〉1 and 〈|U3|/w〉1 plotted against height above the plate ξ, which has been scaled by the δs, the thickness of the boundary-affected region. The data shown are from the representative subset of experiments (indicated by the ‡ superscripts in table 1) for ReG = 2024, 2308, 4218 and 6155 [see legend in (a)]. For each ReG, data from the n repeats are shown, where n = 2, 4 or 5 (see table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-showing-the-results-of-fitting-the-decay-laws-1dapzo26.png Figure 3. Plots showing the results of fitting the decay laws in equation (3.1) to the experimental data. (a) Measurements of u (crosses) compared with the corresponding regression best fit of equation (3.1a) (broken lines). The results are shown from four separate experiments, but each performed under nominally identical conditions with ReG = 4218. The fits were performed in the bulk interior region (with x3 > 2.5M and ξ > δs). For comparison, a decay exponent equal to 1 is also shown, by the solid line. (b) The fitted exponents γu, γw from each of the 31 experiments, plotted against grid Reynolds number ReG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-experimental-conditions-considered-20g84jhd.png Table 1. A summary of the experimental conditions considered. Each entry shows the value of H (relative to the mesh size, M) used for the various combinations of M , S and f considered. Three of the experiments listed were repeated either n = 4 or 5 times, which are indicated by the †n superscript. In total 31 experiments were performed. A representative subset of the experiments are used in subsequent sections (to avoid an over saturation of points when plotting data), which we have indicated using the ‡1, ‡2, ‡3, ‡4 superscripts; these four experimental conditions correspond to Reynolds numbers of ReG = 2308 ,6155, 2024 and 4218, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-b-plots-showing-the-scaled-rms-velocity-1o9xhenp.png Figure 7. (a,b) Plots showing the scaled rms velocity components 〈w〉1/w0 and 〈u〉1/u0, plotted against scaled height ξ/`0. The data shown are from the representative subset of experiments (indicated by the ‡ superscripts in table 1) for ReG = 2024, 2308, 4218 and 6155 [see legend in (a), which applies to both plots]. For each ReG, data from the n repeats are shown, where n = 2, 4 or 5 (see table 1). Also shown are corresponding experimental data (Aronson et al. 1997; Hannoun et al. 1988; Kit et al. 1997; Thomas & Hancock 1977; Brumley & Jirka 1987) and predictions based on RDT (Hunt & Graham 1978; Hunt 1984) (see legend). (c) Plot showing max(〈u〉1/u0) for each experiment, plotted against decay exponent γu (from equation 3.1a). Data are shown for all 31 experiments, with the data obtained using the coarse and fine grids shown separately [see legend]. (d) Measurements of the rms velocity component 〈u〉1, plotted against scaled height ξ/`0. In this case, 〈u〉1 has been normalised by the value of u0 evaluated at ξ = `0, denoted u0,`0 . The data shown are from the representative subset of experiments, with ReG = 2024, 2308, 4218 and 6155 (see legend). Also shown are corresponding experimental data from McDougall (1979) and results of simulations by Bodart et al. (2010) (see legend). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-normalised-profiles-u-u-1-3-w-w-1-3-homogeneity-13dbu3qy.png Figure 2. (a) Normalised profiles 〈u/〈u〉1〉3, 〈w/〈w〉1〉3 (homogeneity) and the isotropy parameter 〈w/u〉3, each spatially averaged in x3 and plotted against the horizontal x1 coordinate, which has been scaled by the half-width of the inner box, L. Data obtained using the fine and coarse grids are shown separately (see legend). (b) Measurements of the isotropy parameter 〈w〉1/〈u〉1 plotted against x3/M (which, recall, have been spatially averaged across the central 50% of the inner box’s width). The data shown are from the representative subset of experiments (indicated by the ‡ superscripts in table 1) for ReG = 2024, 2308, 4218 and 6155 (see legend). For each ReG, data from the n repeats are shown, where n = 2, 4 or 5 (see table 1). The data obtained using the coarse and fine grids are shown separately, indicated by the circles and crosses respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-subwavelength-focusing-by-left-handed-24ismj7khy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-beam-profiles-of-the-em-waves-refracted-from-3qm3i50m.png Fig. 2. Measured beam profiles of the EM waves refracted from a 2D prism shaped LHM as a function of frequency and angle of refraction between 3.73 - 4.05 GHz. The beam clearly refracted on the negative side of the normal, indicating a negative refraction behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measured-transmission-spectra-of-periodic-srr-blue-2bcf3fnp.png Fig. 1. Measured transmission spectra of periodic SRR (blue line) and LHM (red line) arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-transmission-spectra-along-the-x-z-plane-for-ow3qf61h.png Fig. 3. Measured transmission spectra along the x-z plane for a point source located at (a) ds = 0.5λ, and (b) ds = λ away from the LHM lens. The x direction is parallel to the LHM lens where x = 0 is the optical axis of the flat lens, whereas the z direction is perpendicular to the LHM lens where z = 0 is the LHM-air interface. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-the-effects-of-hypoxia-simulator-on-lbe2npszez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1rv9mztl.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1yk7thch.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-28v31wy0.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3od9v48b.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-7cja3krq.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3qtczudu.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-34p5qmjx.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-the-intra-channel-nonlinearity-4jto7omf4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-versus-osnr-for-rgi-co-ofdm-systems-with-various-vxui5faj.png Fig. 4. BER versus OSNR for RGI CO-OFDM systems with various IFFT sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-q-factor-versus-launch-power-for-rgi-co-ofdm-systems-109f2y4k.png Fig. 5. Q-factor versus launch power for RGI CO-OFDM systems with various IFFT sizes at a 2240-km distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-q-factor-versus-launch-power-for-rgi-co-ofdm-systems-2o3eqogq.png Fig. 6. Q-factor versus launch power for RGI CO-OFDM systems with various IFFT sizes at a 4800-km distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-q-factor-versus-launch-power-for-the-rgi-and-26aoj2h2.png Fig. 3. Q-factor versus launch power for the RGI and conventional (Conv) CO-OFDM systems with different types of TS’s. Inset: the constellation that shows the nonuniform phase shifts induced by the fiber nonlinearity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-odl-optical-delay-line-pbs-pbc-1omuytj2.png Fig. 2. Experimental setup (ODL: optical delay line. PBS/PBC: polarization beam splitter/combiner. PC: polarization controller. SW: switch.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-power-profile-of-sp-tss-a-before-transmission-and-b-35y814nb.png Fig. 1. Power profile of SP-TS’s (a) before transmission and (b) during transmission in RGI CO-OFDM systems with a short symbol duration. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-the-dynamics-of-d-h2-reactive-and-oojwbuo5r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-vibrational-q-branch-cars-spectrum-of-the-h2-3aziyp46.png FIG. 1. The vibrational Q-branch CARS spectrum of the H2 product from D + H2 collisions at E.-cl = 0.79 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-experimental-hd-v-j-product-quantum-3ra6j39i.png FIG. 8. Comparison of the experimental HD(v',j') product quantum state distribution (symbols ± one standard deviation) for the D + H 2 -HD(v',j') + H reaction at E,., = 0.67 eV with the state distribution (solid line) derived from the quasiclassical trajectory calculations of Blais and Truhlar (Ref. 52). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-experimental-hd-v-j-product-quantum-16ndi69g.png FIG. 7. Comparison of the experimental HD(v',j') product quantum state distribution (symbols ± one standard deviation) for the D + H2 - HD (v', j ') + H reaction at Ere' = 0.79 e V with the distribution (solid line) derived from the quasiclassical trajectory calculations of Blais and Truhlar (Ref. 52). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantum-state-population-distribution-for-h2-product-2uzwi0gp.png FIG, 4. Quantum state population distribution for H2 product formed in inelastic D + H2 collisions at a relative energy of 0.79 eV, The symbols are the experimental measurements and the solid line gives the linear surprisal function with Or = 4.4. Error bars are equivalent to ± one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quantum-state-population-distribution-for-hd-formed-in-1st0t5su.png FIG. 5. Quantum state population distribution for HD formed in the D + H 2 ..... HD(v·.j') + H reactionata relative energy ofO.67 eV. ThesymboIs are the experimental measurements and the solid lines give the linear surprisal function with A. = 0.6. and Or = 3.8 for v' = 0 and 2.0 for II' = 1. Error bars are equivalent to ± one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quantum-state-population-distribution-for-hd-formed-in-2xouhy1r.png FIG. 3. Quantum state population distribution for HD formed in the D + H2 ..... HD(v·j') + H reaction at a reIativeenergy of 0.79 eV. ThesymboIs are the experimental measurements, while the solid lines give the linear surprisal function with A. = 2.2, and Or = 2.5 for v' = 0 and 2.0 for v' = 1. Error bars are equivalent to ± one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quantum-state-population-distribution-for-h2-product-1kssq9b5.png FIG. 6. Quantum state population distribution for H2 product formed in inelastic D + H2 collisions at a relative energy of 0.67 eV. The symbols are the experimental measurements. and the solid line gives the best fit linear surprisal with Or = 5.2. Error bars are equivalent to ± one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-absolute-partial-cross-sections-for-d-h2-h2-v-j-d-3v0yqe67.png TABLE II. Absolute partial cross sections for D + H2 .... H2(v·.j·) + D at 0.67 and 0.79 eV collision energy. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-on-knock-mechanism-with-multiple-spark-1jf9torwfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-combustion-duration-regarding-various-spark-timings-2l0m3fqb.png Fig. 10. Combustion duration regarding various spark timings and spark strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ca50-regarding-various-spark-timings-and-spark-3j58gfvq.png Fig. 9. CA50 regarding various spark timings and spark strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-heat-release-fractions-at-knock-regarding-different-v61lp2v7.png Fig. 17. Heat release fractions at knock regarding different spark strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-engine-setup-20fqhnw5.png Fig. 1. Engine setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-specialized-liner-with-4-spark-plugs-and-4-pressure-3989qark.png Fig. 2. Specialized liner with 4 spark plugs and 4 pressure sensors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-percentages-of-different-knock-intensity-zones-2lnr5sze.png Fig. 11. The percentages of different knock intensity zones and max knock intensities regarding various spark timings and spark strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-mean-knock-intensities-regarding-ca50-of-different-3kguz8rn.png Fig. 12. Mean knock intensities regarding CA50 of different spark strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-magnitude-changes-of-pressure-oscillation-peaks-2e72r080.png Fig. 16. Magnitude changes of pressure oscillation peaks regarding different spark strategies https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-on-population-based-incremental-learning-37mpx112ix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dynamic-behavior-of-algorithms-on-dynamic-knapsack-2srkly4z.png Fig. 7 Dynamic behavior of algorithms on dynamic knapsack problems. The environmental dynamics parameter τ is set to 10 (Left Column) and 200 (Right Column) respectively and ρ is set to 0.05, 0.4, and 0.95 from top to bottom row respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pseudocode-for-ppbil3-3vwh0asy.png Fig. 12 Pseudocode for PPBIL3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-pseudocode-for-dpbil3-25z1db3s.png Fig. 13 Pseudocode for DPBIL3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-index-table-for-environmental-dynamics-parameter-im49nu7k.png Table 1 The index table for environmental dynamics parameter setting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pseudocode-for-pbilc-37vml3mf.png Fig. 11 Pseudocode for PBILc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dynamic-behavior-of-algorithms-on-dynamic-problems-11y6etie.png Fig. 10 Dynamic behavior of algorithms on dynamic problems: (Top) Knapsack, (Middle) Royal Road, and (Bottom) Deceptive. The environmental dynamics parameter τ is set to 200 and ρ is set to 1.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-dynamic-behavior-of-algorithms-on-dynamic-royal-road-w4u6u3b6.png Fig. 16 Dynamic behavior of algorithms on dynamic royal road functions. The environmental dynamics parameter τ is set to 200 and ρ is set to 0.05, 0.4, and 0.95 from top to bottom respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-dynamic-behavior-of-algorithms-on-dynamic-knapsack-17ft4on9.png Fig. 15 Dynamic behavior of algorithms on dynamic knapsack problems. The environmental dynamics parameter τ is set to 200 and ρ is set to 0.05, 0.4, and 0.95 from top to bottom respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-tests-of-the-elementary-mechanism-responsible-2uabedw7ti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xrd-patterns-observed-for-n-au-1-in-as-deposited-state-2tklhcnn.png FIG. 4. XRD patterns observed for n-Au. 1: in as-deposited state and 2: after tensile creep deformation of 3% at 140 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-situ-stm-images-of-n-au-observed-during-tensile-2xywdpgm.png FIG. 3. In situ STM images of n-Au observed during tensile creep test at 150 MPa, where a , b , and c were observed at respective elapsed times of 0.9 ks, 10 ks, and 14 ks after loading. Total strain attained was 0.012%. Scanning area is 1000 1000 nm2 and black-to-white height is 30 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-similar-to-fig-1-except-steady-state-creep-rates-1r43iq1o.png FIG. 2. Similar to Fig. 1 except steady-state creep rates observed for type-H n-Au are shown. Data 2 were observed in highstress compression tests. Data 3 to 5 were observed in tensile tests just after 1 ks , after 7 ks, and 15 ks, respectively, following predeformation by tensile test at 240 MPa for 15 s. Data 1 and 1 were observed in respective tensile and compressive tests see Data 1 Ref. 9 in Fig. 1 . Solid curve is provided for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-fractional-intensity-of-xrd-111-reflection-i111-2nn2kaqq.png FIG. 8. a Fractional intensity of XRD 111 reflection I111/ Itotal, observed for n-Au after tensile creep deformation under 140 MPa and b that after compressive creep deformation under stresses between 300 MPa and 1000 MPa, where Itotal= I111+ I200 + I220 and p is plastic creep strain. Dashed curves are provided for clarity. In b , Data 2 was observed after chemical polishing of Specimen 1 see text for details . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-model-of-grain-boundary-slips-associated-with-grain-2baclrbt.png FIG. 9. Model of grain-boundary slips associated with grain rotations and anchoring due to crossing of slips. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-wilson-hall-plots-ref-17-for-xrd-reflections-2t67qp7e.png FIG. 5. a Wilson-Hall plots Ref. 17 for XRD reflections observed for n-Au before open symbols and after tensile creep deformation of 1.5% under 150 MPa filled symbols . b Those before open symbols and after compressive creep deformation of 37% under 800 MPa filled symbols . is integrated width of reflection peak and is wave length of Cu K radiation. In a , mean grain size determined from 111 and 222 reflections, d111, and local strain 2 0.5, are 59 nm and 0.19% in as-deposited state and 53 nm and 0.14% after tensile creep deformation, respectively. In b , d111 and 2 0.5 are 54 nm and 0.24% in as-deposited state and 51 nm and 0.13% after tensile creep deformation, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-d111-b-2-0-5-and-c-lattice-constant-a-determined-2z609l8x.png FIG. 6. a d111, b 2 0.5, and c lattice constant a, determined from Wilson-Hall plots for n-Au after tensile creep tests open symbols . Those after compressive tests filled symbols are plotted against plastic strain p. The data observed before creep test are depicted at p=0 in the figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-x-ray-diffuse-scattering-near-111-reflection-observed-3tokwwq2.png FIG. 7. X-ray diffuse scattering near 111 reflection observed for n-Au in as-deposited state open symbols . That after compressive creep deformation of 55% under 600 MPa is plotted by filled symbols. https://scispace.com/papers/experimenting-with-a-nonlinear-dynamic-model-of-juvenile-42r1ly297v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-individual-criminal-behavior-10dzmyjz.png FIGURE 2: Individual Criminal Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-variety-of-the-average-criminal-behavior-of-wyyxszof.png FIGURE 8: The Variety of the Average Criminal Behavior of Individuals Dependent on Different Levels of Time Delay of Sanctions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-averaging-the-criminal-behavior-of-the-individual-36lsunzg.png FIGURE 3: Averaging the Criminal Behavior of the Individual https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-variety-of-the-average-criminal-behavior-of-3fe9nvx5.png FIGURE 7: The Variety of the Average Criminal Behavior of Individuals Dependent on Different Levels of Social Control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-causal-map-of-a-dynamic-model-u84xdzjv.png FIGURE 1: A Causal Map of a Dynamic Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-outcome-for-girls-of-the-dynamic-model-avcrbeh-and-3bh926ou.png FIGURE 4: Outcome for Girls of the Dynamic Model (AvCrBeh) and the Correlational Model (AtCrAct), Compared With Data (FreqCrAct) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sum-of-the-squares-for-girls-as-a-measure-for-3qu22f8j.png FIGURE 5: Sum of the Squares for Girls as a Measure for Comparison Between the Dynamic Model (SumDifModCrAct) and the Correlational Model (SumDifAtCrAct) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sum-of-the-squares-of-the-standardized-variables-2hsc67iy.png FIGURE 6: Sum of the Squares of the Standardized Variables for Boys as a Measure for Comparison Between the Dynamic Model (SumDifModCrAct) and the Correlational Model (SumDifAtCrAct) https://scispace.com/papers/experiments-and-fe-simulation-for-twin-screw-mixing-of-1audq6tb90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identified-parameters-of-viscosity-models-for-the-pp-r4fxtifo.png Table 1 Identified parameters of viscosity models for the PP/MWCNT 40 wt.% Tref (°C) μ0 (Pa.s) λ (s) n a b Ostwald 200 4e3 0.05 0.37 0.015 Cross 200 67.58 0.06 0.4 0.2 0.015 Carreau 200 74.97 0.0125 0.5 0.94 0.015 Carreau-Y1 200 68.02 0.03 0.45 0.2 0.015 Carreau-Y2 200 74.1 0.02 0.45 0.31 0.015 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-among-different-flow-models-with-the-37oy2k9w.png Fig. 4. Comparison among different flow models with the identified parameters in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-description-of-the-modelling-in-twin-screw-mixing-j5rbwt8f.png Fig. 6. Description of the modelling in twin-screw mixing chamber and the finite element mesh https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-twin-screw-mixer-brabender-r-ec-w50eht-a-mixing-3brq3ief.png Fig. 1. Twin screw mixer Brabender® EC W50EHT: a) Mixing chamber and screws, b) installation of the twin-screw mixer, c) Mixing process of the PP/MWCNT feedstock, d) Replacement of the front wall by a transparent one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-between-the-evolutions-of-mixing-torque-3lc8jdw8.png Fig. 10. Comparison between the evolutions of mixing torque obtained by measurement (a) and simulation (b), 200°C and 10 rpm for pure PP and PP/MWCNT nanocomposite (10, 20, 30, 40% in weight) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-temperature-values-at-3-positions-results-of-1n0eshom.png Table 3 Temperature values at 3 positions, results of measurement and simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-fields-measured-from-transparent-front-2e3519ie.png Fig. 3. Temperature fields measured from transparent front wall of the twin-screw mixer, for material 40 wt.% PP/MWCNT, mixer temperature 200°C, rotation speed 30 rpm. a) Before feeding of the material, b) After 15s, c) After 60s, d) After 90 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-the-temperature-on-shear-viscosity-shear-260ff18u.png Fig. 2. Effect of the temperature on shear viscosity - shear rate relationship for 40 wt.% PP/MWCNT nanocomposite, under temperature 180, 200, 220 and 240°C https://scispace.com/papers/experiments-for-ifr-fuel-criticality-in-zppr-21-d917nhapy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-y1si5waq.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-p-r-i-n-c-i-p-a-l-mass-loadings-i-n-zppr-21-c-o-r-e-26ytri3f.png Table I P r i n c i p a l Mass Loadings i n ZPPR-21 C o r e s , kg https://scispace.com/papers/expert-recommendation-with-usage-expertise-203dpi91ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experiment-overview-alknm9xm.png Figure 1. Experiment Overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hit-rates-within-projects-implementation-light-33224srn.png Figure 4. Hit rates within projects. Implementation (light) versus usage expertise with context (dark). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hit-rates-within-projects-implementation-light-24043wvp.png Figure 3. Hit rates within projects. Implementation (light) versus usage expertise (dark). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-partial-expertise-profile-for-e-gamma-3tejzk4u.png Table 1. Partial expertise profile for E.Gamma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-recommending-across-projects-1fjn6d3t.png Figure 2. Recommending Across Projects https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-aggregates-for-exploratory-analytics-48txh4c1dx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-xaxa-framework-rationale-query-mapping-to-l1-366h63d2.png Fig. 4. The XAXA framework rationale: Query mapping to L1 cluster, then mapping to L2 sub-cluster, and association to L3 PLR regression space. The explanation is provided by the associated set of PLR functions fkl. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-goodness-of-fit-and-predictive-accuracy-results-2qf4s4p4.png Fig. 5. Goodness of fit and predictive accuracy results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scalability-of-xaxa-in-terms-of-explanation-time-and-1ooertgz.png Fig. 6. Scalability of XAXA in terms of explanation time and data set size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sensitivity-to-parameters-k-and-l-7nxefpqn.png Fig. 7. Sensitivity to parameters K and L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-scenario-1-the-blue-points-are-locations-of-3pv2wfot.png Fig. 1. (Left) Scenario 1: the blue points are locations of reported incidents; the circle on right is the AQ with a CRS operator with the varying rate-ofincrease shown as color coded concentric circles; (right) Real workload cluster analysis (Source SDSS [32]); x1 and x2 are parameters of a CRS operator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-synthetic-query-workloads-t-v-4ckvhh9p.png TABLE I SYNTHETIC QUERY WORKLOADS T ,V . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-actual-and-approximate-explanation-functions-for-1e6vklel.png Fig. 2. (Left) Actual and approximate explanation functions for a monotonically increasing result (x-axis is radius θ of a query and y-axis is the result y given x); (right) Actual and approximate explanation functions for non-linear function vs. radius θ of a query given center x. https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-altruistic-behavior-in-humans-27r21ra4ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ocldwwta.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-178647x8.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gaqanosw.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-change-and-stability-in-cross-strait-relations-a-23n2ll221e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-patterns-of-change-stability-over-time-nlwpdj34.png Figure 1. Two Patterns of Change & Stability over Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-china-u-s-taiwan-triangle-3livejnm.png Figure 2 China-U.S.-Taiwan Triangle https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-cross-national-variation-in-workplace-employee-4p44qincts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incidence-of-tu-or-wc-representation-the-role-of-33fj59xs.png Table 2: Incidence of TU or WC representation: the role of competition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-incidence-and-type-of-workplace-representation-2wd70y4v.png Figure 1. Incidence and type of workplace representation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-between-presence-of-tu-wc-representation-1b8rh4th.png Table 3: Association between presence of TU/WC representation and behavioural outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-incidence-of-workplace-representation-association-1uuh2tb9.png Table 1: Incidence of workplace representation: Association with country characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-differences-in-the-productivity-of-investment-30dd31to9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1tclhjtk.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-r4e95qrm.png Table 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1750rfo2.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1eyctmmo.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-25i71yib.png Table 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-208xjitp.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-peak-car-with-economic-variables-189rhjfnyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-1q2cchht.png Table 1. Estimation results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-prediction-errors-353iiwow.png Table 2. Relative prediction errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-france-model-estimation-results-elasticities-of-vkt-4tyaf2wi.png Figure 4. France model estimation results: elasticities of VKT per capita for real GDP per capita and real gasoline pump price. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-france-indices-of-real-annual-gasoline-price-real-37baihfr.png Figure 3. France: indices of real annual gasoline price, real GDP per capita, observed VKT per capita and predicted VKT per capita https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-united-states-model-estimation-results-elasticities-1hvl3bgd.png Figure 2. United States model estimation results: elasticities of VKT per capita for real GDP per capita and real gasoline pump price. Estimates which are not statistically significant are colored grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sweden-model-estimation-results-elasticities-of-vkt-3e81twxu.png Figure 8, Sweden model estimation results: elasticities of VKT per capita for real GDP per capita and real gasoline pump price https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sweden-indices-of-real-annual-gasoline-price-real-1antrvg8.png Figure 7, Sweden indices of real annual gasoline price, real GDP per capita, observed VKT per capita and predicted VKT per capita https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-united-kingdom-model-estimation-results-3spsz504.png Figure 6. United Kingdom model estimation results: elasticities of VKT per capita for real GDP per capita and real gasoline pump price. https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-the-changes-of-income-distribution-in-china-46h28n8gl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-determinants-of-q1-dependent-variable-q1-2gx9wgno.png Table 8. Determinants of Q1 (Dependent Variable=Q1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-statistics-of-used-variables-by-province-for-2ry04ohn.png Table 1. Some Statistics of Used Variables: by Province for the Period of 1985 to 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trend-of-inequality-measures-over-time-1985-95-1b1oqz3k.png Table 2. Trend of Inequality Measures over Time (1985-95) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-used-variables-2zo1pvqt.png Table 3. Descriptive Statistics of Used Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-q5-q1-dependent-variable-q5-q1-19jv13id.png Table 6. Determinants of Q5/Q1 (Dependent Variable=Q5/Q1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-statistics-of-used-variables-by-province-for-11zuhluo.png Table 1. Some Statistics of Used Variables: by Province for the Period of 1985 to 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-determinants-of-q34-dependent-variable-q34-20n74mr4.png Table 9. Determinants of Q34 (Dependent Variable=Q34) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-q5-dependent-variable-q5-q26ck181.png Table 7. Determinants of Q5 (Dependent Variable=Q5) https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-the-temporal-and-spatial-dimensions-of-robbery-3cubge847a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-robbery-risk-based-on-total-employees-in-ggbtaf8p.png Figure 2b. Robbery risk based on total employees in surrounding ½ mile inverse distance decay (low, medium, high)– weekdays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-robbery-risk-based-on-total-employees-in-segment-ketbfio7.png Figure 2b. Robbery risk based on total employees in surrounding ½ mile inverse distance decay (low, medium, high)– weekdays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-robbery-risk-based-on-retail-employees-in-3mxc577o.png Figure 3b. Robbery risk based on retail employees in surrounding ½ mile inverse distance decay (low, medium, high)– weekends https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-robbery-risk-based-on-retail-employees-in-a99cze43.png Figure 3b. Robbery risk based on retail employees in surrounding ½ mile inverse distance decay (low, medium, high)– weekends https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-variables-used-in-analyses-1o7h7skh.png Table 1. Summary statistics of variables used in analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-robbery-risk-based-on-restaurant-employees-in-1bgpbb03.png Figure 4. Robbery risk based on restaurant employees in segment (low, medium, high)weekends https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-results-for-interaction-variables-1bjocmr6.png Table 2. Summary of results for interaction variables capturing temporal effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-robbery-risk-based-on-population-in-segment-low-fbkiqxgn.png Figure 5. Robbery risk based on population in segment (low, medium, high)– weekends https://scispace.com/papers/exploitation-of-the-ugi-joullie-reaction-in-the-synthesis-of-36zyx23mmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-determination-of-the-relative-configuration-of-13a-3r498336.png Figure 1. Determination of the relative configuration of 13a and 13b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-properties-of-exemplar-screening-xm5b9lwr.png Figure 4. Molecular properties of exemplar screening compounds synthesised during validation work (blue, enlarged for clarity) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemplar-decorated-scaffolds-amethod-sulfonyl-349dnwvg.png Figure 3. Exemplar decorated scaffolds. aMethod: Sulfonyl chloride, DIPEA, DMA, rt, 16 h. bMethod: Aldehyde/ketone, NaBH(OAc)3, AcOH, DMA, 60 °C, 16 h. cMethod: Isocyanate, https://scispace.com/papers/explicit-deconvolution-of-wellbore-storage-distorted-well-4l1ua8clq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-b-deconvolution-via-the-derivative-approach-b-td-1508m3cz.png Figure C.1 — β-deconvolution via the derivative approach — β(tD) and β'(tD) determination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-afterflow-analysis-meunier-et-al-25-data-set-317tsgwd.png Figure A.4 — Afterflow analysis, Meunier et al.25 data set. Approximate "best" fit obtained using C2 = 11.9 hr-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-b-deconvolution-via-the-integral-derivative-gx2gbh07.png Figure C.2 — β-deconvolution via the integral-derivative approach (approximation of β using Eq. C20). (for wellbore storage effects in a single well in an in-finite-acting, homogeneous reservoir; Laplace transform inversion using algorithm by Abate and Valkó26) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-synthetic-example-using-various-deconvolution-27ddglm9.png Figure 4.1 — Synthetic example using various deconvolution techniques (infinite-acting reservoir case with wellbore storage effects) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-schematic-diagram-of-well-and-formation-during-2upxc9ct.png Figure A.1 — Schematic diagram of well and formation during pressure build-up (Russell1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-schematic-plot-showing-determination-of-the-m8oppe10.png Figure A.2 — Schematic plot showing determination of the correct C2 value (Russell1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-semilog-plot-bourdet24-field-example-using-31kj2u85.png Figure 4.2 — (Semilog plot) Bourdet24 field example using various deconvolution techniques (infinite-acting reservoir case with wellbore storage effects) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-typical-pressure-buildup-plot-from-russell1-1qs3ousg.png Figure 2.2 — Typical pressure buildup plot (from Russell1). https://scispace.com/papers/exploiting-wireless-interference-in-heterogeneous-networks-5dvavt500f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ie-with-qpsk-a-conventional-precoding-locates-2b1mismp.png Figure 1. IE with QPSK. a) Conventional precoding locates symbols into a proximity region around the constellation point. b) By IE, the received signal yik falls into a constructive region (dark blue area). The design pushes the resultant symbol away from the original decision threshold of the constellation, where γ = σn √ Γik. c) Rotated by ∠s∗ik, the signal (noise excluded) is projected on real axis αR = <{yiks∗ik} and imaginary axis αI = ={yiks∗ik}. According to the geometric interpretation, the received signal falls into constructive region (in Fig. 1 (b)) as long as the inequality |αI | ≤ (αR−γ)tanθ holds (in Fig. 1 (c)) , where θ = π/Q and Q denotes constellation size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impact-of-sinr-requirement-on-power-consumption-3ehn0sy4.png Figure 2. The impact of SINR requirement on power consumption performance. https://scispace.com/papers/exploiting-multi-interface-networks-connectivity-and-34t6sg5ysw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-worst-case-instance-for-the-algorithm-2n4l26hk.png Fig. 2. Example of a worst-case instance for the algorithm from Theorem 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-directed-graph-obtained-from-the-graph-of-figure-3-1kxquvwa.png Fig. 4. The directed graph obtained from the graph of Figure 3 for applying Dijkstra’s algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sample-network-in-brackets-for-each-node-there-are-28ymnulv.png Fig. 3. A sample network. In brackets for each node there are the corresponding available interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hardness-and-approximability-for-connectivity-in-the-23hf56k2.png Table 1. Hardness and approximability for Connectivity. In the table, C represents the ratio b cmax cmin c between the maximum and the minimum cost interfaces available in the network. The ‘*’ symbol stands for any other available approximation ratio provided for the general case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-auxiliary-gadget-for-the-reduction-from-x3c-to-3vqe0xli.png Fig. 1. Auxiliary gadget for the reduction from X3C to Connectivity https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-alternative-combustion-control-strategies-for-low-2hhrpvgid2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-point-and-whsc-operation-conditions-239-240-2qaie93n.png Figure 2. Test point and WHSC operation conditions. 239 240 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-engine-performance-of-a-baseline-case-case-5-of-m81pzsrx.png Figure 16. Engine performance of a baseline case, Case 5 of LIVC strategy, and Case 9 of “LIVC + iEGR” 444 strategy. 445 As shown in Figure 17, the introduction of iEGR reduced both CO and HC emissions, 446 especially when large EGT increase was needed. This was mainly due to the higher in-447 cylinder combustion temperature, which helped the oxidation of CO and HC emissions. As it 448 did not change the ignition delay clearly, the iEGR had little impact on soot emission. The 449 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-indicated-specific-emissions-of-a-baseline-case-1t2vh6ec.png Figure 17. Indicated specific emissions of a baseline case, Case 5 of LIVC strategy, and Case 9 of “LIVC + 455 iEGR” strategy. 456 Figure 18 provides an overall assessment of the potential of combined LIVC and iEGR 457 strategy to achieve the best trade-off between the EGT, fuel consumption, and emissions. As 458 shown in Figure 18, the results of the optimum “LIVC-only” and “LIVC + iEGR” operations 459 and baseline operation were compared. 460 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-cylinder-pressures-for-various-strategies-302-3q1dyi26.png Figure 5. In-cylinder pressures for various strategies. 302 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-the-combustion-efficiency-pmep-and-272hksns.png Figure 11. Comparison of the combustion efficiency, PMEP, and ISFC at different strategies. 383 Figure 12 shows the engine-out emissions versus the variation of exhaust gas temperatures. 384 The use of intake throttling and iEGR strategies had less impact on CO and HC emissions, 385 maintaining as low as the baseline case. However, significant increases in CO and HC 386 emissions were observed in the operation of LIVC strategy when the combustion temperature 387 was much lower because of the lower compression ratio. This was because the CO and HC 388 emissions are mainly affected by the local oxygen availability during combustion and the 389 combustion temperature. The increased combustion temperature by means of intake throttling 390 and iEGR strategies contributed to the low levels of CO and HC emissions. 391 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specifications-of-test-engine-148-c55vgn3b.png Table 1. Specifications of test engine. 148 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-the-engine-experimental-setup-147-2760fnfl.png Figure 1. Layout of the engine experimental setup. 147 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-the-indicated-specific-emissions-at-3lyo7uia.png Figure 12. Comparison of the indicated specific emissions at different strategies. 400 Interestingly, the NOx emission did not change linearly with LIVC strategy. It increased 401 initially due to higher combustion temperature caused by the reduced charge mass and then 402 decreased when the IVC timing was delayed to beyond -118 CAD ATDC when the 403 combustion took place later and experienced lower combustion and pressure. 404 https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-demographic-information-in-social-media-for-443ievldte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-samples-of-the-learnt-product-demographics-based-on-1j33fx9y.png TABLE 6 Samples of the learnt product demographics based on online reviews. Real numbers denote the learned weights of the corresponding attribute values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-mean-and-variance-for-mart-and-b-1f8z3opv.png TABLE 4 Comparison of the mean and variance for MART and B-MART. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-samples-of-the-learnt-product-demographic-based-on-opss4d4a.png TABLE 7 Samples of the learnt product demographic based on microblogs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-comparison-of-product-recommendation-on-3bx6ipw1.png TABLE 3 Performance comparison of product recommendation on three datasets for p@k and NDCG@k. ∗ ∗ ∗ and ∗∗ indicates that the improvement that MART over the best baseline MARTold is significant at the levels of 0.001 and 0.01. The improvements of MART over the other baselines are significant at the level of 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-comparison-with-different-type-of-3kz1o2gl.png TABLE 5 Performance comparison with different type of features for MART. “Both” denotes “Weibo + JD”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-demographic-attributes-2b8mrk88.png TABLE 1 List of demographic attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustrative-example-for-the-representations-of-1mqk9fle.png Fig. 1. An illustrative example for the representations of product demographics and user profiles. For simplicity, we only show the studied value dimensions together with the corresponding probabilities. We use Others to combine the probabilities from the rest value dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-evaluation-results-via-user-study-a-and-b-denote-b-37pnm8e3.png TABLE 9 Evaluation results via user study. A and B denote B-MART and MARTold respectively. Removing queries without clicks, the values of wins(A), wins(B) and tiesAB are shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-maintenance-practices-in-crowd-mapping-1tghj65e5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-of-classes-of-users-afklqscd.png Table 4: Summary Statistics of Classes of Users https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-actdays-vs-maintenance-ratio-1y4uyyb9.png Figure 3: ActDays Vs. Maintenance Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-ten-globally-adopted-tags-for-each-action-6rqrux76.png Table 3: Top Ten Globally Adopted Tags for Each Action https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-action-adoption-in-the-117-1yun6r43.png Table 2: Summary Statistics of Action Adoption in the 117 Analysed Countries, divided by Adds, Updates, Removes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maintenance-ratio-in-all-analysed-countries-35f1pauz.png Figure 2: Maintenance Ratio in all Analysed Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-maintenance-ratio-in-the-117-2exsxtck.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of Maintenance Ratio in the 117 Analysed Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-117-countries-under-analysis-2zuavt20.png Figure 1: Map of the 117 Countries Under Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-pathways-of-regional-technological-development-in-59kvzve0sb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patterns-of-regional-concentration-and-de-2qnibpzo.png Table 1: Patterns of regional concentration and de-concentration in Chinese regional patenting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-classification-of-provincial-technological-systems-ubo8ke2v.png Figure 11: Classification of provincial technological systems into six clusters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-classification-of-provincial-technological-systems-1ckp32n8.png Figure 10: Classification of provincial technological systems into four clusters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-in-patent-applications-in-chinese-provinces-30xd65yg.png Figure 1: Growth in patent applications in Chinese provinces 2008-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stepwise-model-identifying-correlations-between-3ajvotwl.png Table 3: Stepwise model identifying correlations between application structure and growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-share-and-number-of-sipo-patents-transferred-to-1xt0sdji.png Figure 7: Share and number of SIPO patents transferred to WIPO via PCT (2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-six-clusters-2ip4q4nz.png Table 2: Characteristics of the six clusters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regional-concentration-and-specialisation-of-22sg3m99.png Figure 4: Regional concentration and specialisation of Chinese patent applications in the field of telecommunications (absolute number and location quotient) https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-robustness-enhancements-for-logic-based-passage-443lxrj7pi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quality-of-passage-filtering-as-a-function-of-28flcvs5.png Table 1. Quality of passage filtering as a function of allowable relaxation steps n. Abbreviations: RMP (regular MultiNet prover), KRH (E-KRHyper), JTX (juxtaposition), OPT (optimistic combination), IRB (information retrieval baseline, using irScore only), SHB (shallow baseline, using all shallow features). The 0 runs use strict proofs and logical features. The 0s runs use strict proofs and both logical and shallow features. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-students-perceptions-of-their-experiences-in-a-5d8mounlu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-students-ecosystems-during-and-one-year-after-1xjqcgsy.png Figure 1. Students’ ecosystems during and one year after participation in a social justice living–learning community. (Adapted from Renn & Arnold [2003].) https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-test-retest-reliability-and-longitudinal-stability-3mzlv2wcqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-study-cohorts-after-data-cleaning-1bbmbko3.png Table 1. Characteristics of study cohorts after data cleaning. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-design-space-for-parent-child-reading-mo5almaul0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cultural-probe-kits-given-to-each-family-from-left-3f0yi5bg.png Figure 1. Cultural probe kits given to each family. From left to right: Task 1 (Convincing powers), Task 2 (The magic bookmark), Task 3 (The secret treasure of family reading). https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-dimensions-of-eco-feedback-in-the-wild-4qetd24edt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-the-3-different-stages-of-the-forest-represented-20nz13b0.png Figure 32: The 3 different stages of the forest represented by the magnets (banner is on top). 1. Banner with the week days. 2. Forest with low consumption. 3. Forest with medium consumption. 4. Forest with high consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-five-questions-used-in-the-evaluation-with-children-2wfnfz0v.png Table 5: Five questions used in the evaluation with children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-hardware-used-for-the-wattsburning-eco-feedback-3j1i7c96.png Figure 26: Hardware used for the WattsBurning eco-feedback system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-public-display-used-in-moere-et-al-2011-middle-3qgh5f79.png Figure 7: Left; Public display used in (Moere et al., 2011); Middle: StepGreen Social network (Mankoff et al., 2010b); Right: Projections used in the WattLite prototype (Jönsson et al., 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-time-series-with-the-average-weekly-consumption-2vx9hz9j.png Figure 38: Time series with the average weekly consumption throughout the study in the three groups: Orange line - Study group; Green Line - Control group; Red line - Whole building. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-48-actionability-utility-classification-of-the-hc9c3ocj.png Figure 48: Actionability/Utility classification of the practical work of this thesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-47-display-medium-classification-of-the-practical-iawazwd2.png Figure 47: Display medium classification of the practical work of this thesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-aspects-of-our-prototypes-1z8su7tb.png Table 7: Comparison aspects of our prototypes. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-duality-between-skip-lists-and-binary-search-4ge6h4wbky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-elements-affected-by-skip-list-deletion-of-x-2iiu8val.png Figure 3: Elements affected by skip list deletion of x (circled) versus elements affected by BST deletion of x (shaded). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-edge-weights-are-not-affected-when-rotating-3rnrhlhk.png Figure 2: Local edge weights are not affected when rotating along an edge of zero weight. If w(x, y) were non-zero, then we would need to adjust a and c accordingly after the rotation to preserve the skip list height h(e) for elements e ∈ A ∪ C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-searching-for-the-element-of-value-2-in-a-non-2kvydm8n.png Figure 5: Searching for the element of value 2 in a “non-proper” skip list corresponding to a symmetric BST (a BST with zero-weight left edges). Note that the search path through the skip list can move left as well as right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-skip-list-a-shown-as-a-weighted-multiway-2mgtwech.png Figure 1: A sample skip list (a), shown as a weighted multiway branching search tree (b) and a weighted BST (c). In (b) and (c), the weight of an edge corresponds to a height difference in (a), except for the special edge connecting to the root, whose weight corresponds to the total height of the skip list in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-how-right-and-left-rotation-in-a-lvylqdnv.png Figure 4: Illustration of how right and left rotation in a BST corresponds to raising and lowering a section of a skip list. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-factors-that-support-adoption-and-sustained-58yv3qitm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factors-that-might-influence-the-adoption-and-use-29wzqrno.png Figure 1. Factors that might influence the adoption and use of wearables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-factors-36schmiw.png Table 4. Summary of factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustration-of-the-coding-process-1jkjc2fl.png Table 2. Illustration of the coding process https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-self-described-level-of-technology-affinity-136yaqtm.png Table 3. Self-described level of technology affinity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-focus-groups-3ge5qpb4.png Table 1. Overview of focus groups https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-firewall-security-consistency-in-cloud-31dbd1y5rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scenario1-vms-locations-20rc2guz.png Table 1: Scenario1: VMs locations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xen-lvmm-algorithm-1zrurcda.png Figure 3: Xen LVMM algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-connection-between-the-experiment-servers-xxgk0gcp.png Figure 2: Network connection between the Experiment servers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-openstack-services-for-each-node-xvwry723.png Figure 1: Openstack services for each node https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-firewall-rule-no-2-3hw7jj1g.png Table 4: firewall rule no.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-code-to-repeat-lvmm-3u2wd23k.png Table 2: code to repeat LVMM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-firewall-rule-no-1-9n4i9ino.png Table 3: firewall rule no.1 https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-foundations-of-the-intercultural-policy-2ikbu15duv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comprehensive-view-of-interculturalism-three-209neali.png Figure 1. A comprehensive view of interculturalism: three normative policy drivers. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-impact-of-task-preemption-on-dependability-in-4nkcnhrqdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-system-resource-comparison-3ckcua0c.png Table II. System resource comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transient-protection-mechanisms-2hw56ex3.png Figure 4. Transient protection mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-component-failure-rates-3ojq7i4d.png Table IV. Component failure rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-fault-injection-comparison-34tmf2w9.png Table III. Fault injection comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hil-simulation-principle-1atyds32.png Figure 1. HIL simulation principle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-experimental-methodology-3hut10ti.png Figure 3. Overall experimental methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-monitor-52ch22ek.png Figure 2. Performance monitor https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-task-set-summary-ks5jvh92.png Table I. Task set summary https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-motivations-to-participate-in-an-online-brand-46l5jhckm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brand-communities-used-for-conflict-resolution-2q70upx1.png Table 3: Brand Communities used for Conflict Resolution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outlines-the-obcs-utilised-in-this-activity-and-they-l6a9sze9.png Table 4 outlines the OBCs utilised in this activity, and they are well-known, well-established brands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thematic-analysis-1jqi9uqu.png Table 1: Thematic Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-value-of-a-design-for-service-approach-to-1g9b3bmbqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visual-breakdown-of-current-marketing-used-by-3lzeinh0.png Figure 1: Visual breakdown of current marketing used by Charity B (please note some words removed to preserve anonymity) https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-relationship-between-avalanche-hazard-and-2mmt24khkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-boxplot-of-average-seasonal-percentages-of-run-code-3nyvtit9.png Figure 3. Boxplot of average seasonal percentages of run code “open” for the 57 ski runs during the six seasons 2012/13 to 2017/18 with the six identified classes of similarly managed ski runs (Sterchi and Haegeli, 2019). Due to the small group size and their outlier characteristics, the two runs of Class 3 were not included in the present analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probabilities-of-ski-runs-being-open-for-storm-slab-3ltygeip.png Figure 5. Probabilities of ski runs being open for Storm slab avalanche problems shown for increasing hazard levels with (a) a scenario where ski runs were neither open previously nor skied recently, (b) a scenario where runs were not open the day before but recently skied, and (c) a scenario where runs were open the day before and recently skied. The visualizations include probability intervals of 50 % and 95 % for each ski run class as a whole based on 50 draws from the posterior distribution. Average daily percentages of open runs per ski run class are plotted as points where observations for this scenario exist in the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchical-terrain-selection-process-in-2cjgk0kd.png Figure 1. Hierarchical terrain selection process in mechanized skiing in Canada. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-odds-ratios-of-each-ski-run-class-being-open-with-2hx3ttef.png Table 4. Odds ratios of each ski run class being open with increasing avalanche hazard relative to low avalanche hazard. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-1vvmyf46.png Table 3. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-by-season-random-effects-the-dots-indicate-the-mean-4nzxqfiu.png Figure 6. By-season random effects. The dots indicate the mean OR whereas the line represents the 95 % credible interval. Blue and red dots indicate OR that are significantly smaller or larger than 1 (i.e., credible interval does not cross 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-study-site-with-location-of-the-2qzzgi2f.png Figure 2. Overview of the study site with location of the tenure region and the ski runs for one of the operating zones included in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variance-of-by-run-random-effects-expressed-as-2sax2ic1.png Table 6. Variance of by-run random effects expressed as standard deviations. In addition, ski runs with significant positive or negative random effects are listed. The number in brackets indicates the ski run class. https://scispace.com/papers/explosion-of-limit-cycles-and-chaotic-waves-in-a-simple-5gaj5q3ozk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-the-asymptotic-calculation-ofm-for-e-51-165dm3k4.png TABLE I. Results of the asymptotic calculation ofm` for e 51. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-explosion-and-disap-pearance-of-the-limit-cycle-of-eq-3nz6o3fq.png FIG. 1. Explosion and disap pearance of the limit cycle of Eq ~3! for decreasing values ofm. ~a! m50.92. ~b! m50.9005. ~c! m 50.9. Top row: Trajectories in the (u,v) phase plane. Middle row: Time trace ofu. Bottom row: Trajectories in the (p,q) phase plane, defined by the coordinate transfo mation ~16!. Also shown is the slow manifoldS2 from ~18!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketches-of-thep-andq-phase-plane-a-for-the-system-3-3fuash74.png FIG. 2. Sketches of thep andq phase plane.~a! For the system~3!, the branchesS1 andS2 of the slow manifold with stable manifold MS and the unstable manifoldMU , both in the boundary layer ofS2. The configuration shown withMS aboveMU allows a limit cycle.~b! The slow manifold for the system~5! with turning pointT where the branchesS1 andS2 meet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-solution-of-eq-9-at-m50-900-055-corresponding-to-fig-5-1x0hjior.png FIG. 6. Solution of Eq.~9! at m50.900 055, corresponding to Fig. 5~d!. The top part showsv, the lower showsu. The concentrations are show in a scale from black~low! to white ~high!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scaling-of-amplitudea-and-periodt-close-to-the-1up2xd0k.png FIG. 3. Scaling of amplitudeA and periodT close to the bifurcation to infinity. The marker show numerical simulations. The lines sho least-squares fit from the data with ln(m2m`) <25 yielding A520.9189 ln(m2m`)20.0506, T521.120 ln(m2m`)15.547. https://scispace.com/papers/export-differentiation-in-transition-economies-29y50vg672 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-hazard-of-exporting-across-all-2b4egpbf.png Table 2 - Estimates of the hazard of exporting across all exporters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-export-shares-intensive-and-extensive-margin-39q1bg2k.png Table 1 - Export shares, intensive, and extensive margin regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-selected-variables-on-the-hazard-289w86li.png Figure 1 − Effect of selected variables on the hazard https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-homogeneous-goods-dummy-3dkuwpki.png Table 5- Estimates of homogeneous goods dummy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-hazard-for-product-types-for-four-21f64uh5.png Figure 2 − Estimated hazard for product types for four countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-hazard-for-product-types-across-time-18fzi5mh.png Figure 3 − Estimated hazard for product types across time https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-reference-product-dummy-1p6cty3z.png Table 4 - Estimates of reference product dummy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-hazard-for-product-types-across-time-for-u0rf7gt8.png Figure 4 − Estimated hazard for product types across time for select countries https://scispace.com/papers/exposure-at-default-model-for-contingent-credit-line-558zocrbg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-portfolio-a-32tfryd5.png Table 1: Portfolio A https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-portfolio-b-2plof95g.png Table 2: Portfolio B https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variation-of-usage-distribution-parameters-with-n22-285ocoi5.png Table 4: Variation of Usage Distribution ($) parameters with n22 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variation-of-usage-distribution-parameters-with-a23-3bn967eo.png Table 5: Variation of Usage Distribution ($) parameters with α23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chart-for-probability-distribution-of-sample-2wg28zig.png Figure 1: Chart for Probability Distribution of sample portfolio A and B https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-sample-portfolio-21-limits-35omovnr.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics of Sample Portfolio 21 Limits https://scispace.com/papers/expression-of-the-neural-cell-adhesion-molecule-and-2xrsqwr3fy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-immunohistological-localization-of-n-cam-a-b-c-and-psa-2md5fhl7.png Fig. 4. Immunohistological localization of N-CAM (A, B, C) and PSA (G, H, I) in sections of9.0- (C, I) and 9.5- (A, B, G, H) day-old mouse embryos. D, E, F, J, K, and L are the corresponding phasecontrast micrographs to fluorescence images in A, B, C, G, H, and I, respectively. A,D: Sagittal section of the head region of a 9.5-day-old ernbryo. B,E,H,K: Sagittal section of somites of a 9. 5-day-old embryo in the region of the forelimb bud. Arrows indicate the inner border of the somites. C,F,I,L: Cross section of the posterior part of a 9.0-dayold embryo. The borders of the neural plate are indicated by arrowheads, the endoderm of the bindgut by arrows. G,J: Sagittal section of the head region of a 9.5-day-old ernbryo. The borderline of the metencephalon (arrowheads) and of the auditory vesicle (arrows) are indicated. Bar in L represents 35 JLID (A to L). Abbreviations: av, auditory vesicle; ca, caudal aorta; dc, diencoel; hg, bindgut; msc, mesencoel; mtc, metocoel; np, neural plate; so, somite. The schematic drawing shows a dorsal view of a 9.0- day-old embryo. The planes of the sectians are indicated by the corresponding letters of the micrographs. https://scispace.com/papers/extended-abstract-the-butterfly-puf-protecting-ip-on-every-3xc3vo8fgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hamming-distance-within-class-and-between-class-2m2f6n8m.png Fig. 4. Hamming Distance: within-class and between-class https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-variance-within-class-hamming-distance-1xr1h29k.png Fig. 5. Temperature variance: within-class Hamming distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-coupled-inverter-2vurubp9.png Fig. 1. Cross-coupled inverter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-butterfly-puf-cross-coupled-latches-1ls5ge3w.png Fig. 3. Butterfly PUF: Cross-coupled Latches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-coupled-inverter-stable-states-3macwaoj.png Fig. 2. Cross-coupled inverter stable states https://scispace.com/papers/extended-storage-of-sudangrass-seeds-1xu4k700b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-analysis-of-weight-of-1000-seeds-w-g-u66xt7io.png TABLE 2. Variance analysis of weight of 1,000 seeds (W, g), germination (G, %), seedling emergence in field (E, %), speed of emergence-index (SEI), electrical conductivity (EC, μS cm-1 g-1) and accelerated aging (AA, %) of sudangrass affected by seed storage time and environment. Botucatu, SP, Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-analysis-of-root-length-rl-cm-shoot-length-c1641x0v.png TABLE 3. Variance analysis of root length (RL, cm), shoot length (SL, cm), seedling total length (TL, cm) and seedling dry matter (DM, mg) of sudangrass affected by seed storage time and environment. Botucatu, SP, Brazil.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-moisture-content-of-sudangrass-seeds-affected-by-2aif5pgr.png TABLE 1. Moisture content (%) of sudangrass seeds affected by storage time and environment. Botucatu, SP, Brazil.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weight-of-1000-seeds-a-electrical-conductivity-b-3refdcnc.png FIGURE 1. Weight of 1,000 seeds (A), electrical conductivity (B) and accelerated aging (C) of sudangrass seeds affected by storage time and environment. Botucatu, SP, Brazil. ♦A - environmental conditions; □B - dry chamber; ▲C - frost free; ×D - freezer. LSD - least significant difference. * and **significant at a probability level of 5 and 1%, respectively; nsnot significant. https://scispace.com/papers/extended-timed-automata-and-time-petri-nets-18gmzmjadl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emptying-the-clock-evol-subnet-a9btpw20.png Figure 2. Emptying the clock evol. subnet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-subnet-for-x-y-h-and-y-h-1le185wb.png Figure 4. The subnet for x− y ≤ h and y := h′ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-marking-the-constraints-places-in-the-clock-b39i46ry.png Figure 3. Marking the constraints places in the clock evolution subnet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulating-the-parallel-composition-1byq03xn.png Figure 7. Simulating the parallel composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulating-the-transition-e-x-c3-y-c2-a-x-c1-1f4tlxqw.png Figure 5. Simulating the transition e = (`, x > c3 ∧ y ≤ c2, a, x := c1, `′) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-clock-evolution-subnet-clock-x-2vbhgxy8.png Figure 1. The clock evolution subnet (clock x) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-tpn-nk-106ejnnv.png Figure 6. The TPN Nk https://scispace.com/papers/extending-a-logic-based-question-answering-system-for-35s92eo5ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-by-expected-answer-types-for-the-factoid-15gcer3a.png Table 3. Accuracy by expected answer types for the FACTOID category https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-loganswer-in-respubliqa-right-cand-is-the-1jdsql3m.png Table 1. Results of LogAnswer in ResPubliQA. #right cand. is the number of correct paragraphs at top rank before applying θ, and accuracy = #right cand./#questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-by-question-category-3oztao5u.png Table 2. Accuracy by question category https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-experimental-results-using-paragraph-level-and-24j2ckn1.png Table 5. Experimental Results using Paragraph-Level and Document-Level Indexing https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-success-rate-of-question-classification-class-all-is-19w11hgj.png Table 4. Success rate of question classification (class-all is the classification rate for arbitrary questions and class-fp the classification rate for questions with a full parse) https://scispace.com/papers/extending-hardware-transactional-memory-capacity-via-4qa1i364vs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-throughput-and-breakdown-of-commits-for-the-stamp-27ov93ck.png Figure 3 Throughput and breakdown of commits for the STAMP benchmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-micro-benchmarks-h-high-l-low-cap-capacity-con-23ohiqhp.png Figure 2 Micro-benchmarks (H=high, L=low, Cap=capacity, Con=contention). https://scispace.com/papers/extending-dynamic-software-product-lines-with-temporal-4wpxixas2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-extract-from-heroku-feature-model-1ajv1efu.png Fig. 2. Sample extract from Heroku feature model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-setup-10l0767h.png TABLE I EXPERIMENTAL SETUP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-feature-model-for-the-heroku-paas-provider-26ypkij4.png Fig. 1. Partial feature model for the Heroku PaaS provider https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-times-for-executing-each-query-144-times-1maxw9d8.png Fig. 3. Distribution times for executing each query 144 times (4 scenarios × 3 profiles × 12 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-2z10vxuq.png TABLE II RESULTS https://scispace.com/papers/extending-ontological-categorization-through-a-dual-process-18avd872r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-software-pipeline-takes-in-input-the-linguistic-2ap3dmu9.png Figure 1: The software pipeline takes in input the linguistic description, queries the hybrid knowledge base and returns the categorized concept. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-the-pos-tagger-and-automaton-failures-3jn13s1e.png Table 1: Analysis of the POS-tagger and automaton failures and analysis of the correct results, in categorizing artifacts, plants, animals. Overall 36 descriptions of artifacts, 6 of plants and 45 of animals were considered. https://scispace.com/papers/extensible-architecture-for-high-performance-scalable-3shr5lonfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-channels-created-in-support-of-forwarding-policies-3qxsipnx.png Figure 8. Channels created in support of forwarding policies defined at different levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-node-a-subscribes-to-topic-t-with-the-library-l-2ac27afo.png Figure 25. Node A subscribes to topic T with the library L. Library L subscribes with campus C. Membership information and view numbers are passed one level down (never up) the hierarchy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-channels-created-by-the-policies-based-on-1d26917i.png Figure 16. Channels created by the policies based on subscriptions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-an-example-hierarchy-of-scopes-with-cascading-2rl4kwsj.png Figure 15. An example hierarchy of scopes with cascading subscriptions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-internal-architecture-of-the-application-process-2l3lh3vg.png Figure 22. Internal architecture of the application process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-a-peer-modeled-as-a-component-living-in-abstract-3jbxds6i.png Figure 28. A peer modeled as a component living in abstract environment (events, interfaces, and so forth) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-publishers-and-subscribers-register-for-a-topic-1fkpag3s.png Figure 1. Publishers and subscribers register for a topic with the subscription manager https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-hierarchical-decomposition-of-the-set-of-eepq163e.png Figure 4. A hierarchical decomposition of the set of subscribers along the domain boundaries https://scispace.com/papers/extensible-requirements-patterns-of-web-application-for-3qw1hsnff2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-requirements-engineering-process-3m9o7y1u.png Figure 1: Requirements Engineering Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-template-of-extensible-requirements-pattern-of-wjgrjchr.png Figure 4: The Template of Extensible Requirements Pattern of Web Application: Product https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-how-to-use-and-interpret-the-extensible-3rf06h2n.png Figure 3: How to Use and Interpret the Extensible Requirements Pattern of Web Applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-concepts-of-extensible-requirements-patterns-1exmb6gh.png Figure 2: The Concepts of Extensible Requirements Patterns and “Yes, But” Syndrome in Requirements Engineering https://scispace.com/papers/extension-of-the-form-closure-property-to-underactuated-1kueks2yn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-underactuated-robotic-hands-msq695ag.png TABLE I CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDERACTUATED ROBOTIC HANDS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-different-types-of-form-closure-3lo984cw.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORM-CLOSURE BEHAVIOUR OF THE UNDERACTUATED GRASPS DESCRIBED IN FIG. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagram-representing-a-two-contact-grasp-2dft7qq5.png Fig. 3. Diagram representing a two-contact grasp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-representation-of-the-convex-hull-conv-m-for-the-1hr62log.png Fig. 10. Representation of the convex hull ( )conv M for the underactuated gripper shown (a) in Fig. 3.c and (b) in Fig. 3.d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-enveloping-grasp-of-a-disc-by-a-hand-with-two-fingers-2ft0tjzl.png Fig. 4. Enveloping grasp of a disc by a hand with two fingers and two phalanxes per finger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-representation-of-the-domains-of-grasp-motions-w-2ch0hoii.png Fig. 8. Representation of the domains of grasp motions w forbidden by the contact constraints (a) and (b), and by the two unilateral “wheel and worm drive” mechanisms (c) and (d), for the grasp shown in Fig. 3.c. The union of the forbidden domains covers the entire space of grasp motions except the null vector. The grasp is therefore 1st order form-closed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-representation-of-the-domains-of-motion-w-forbidden-by-2rll2trd.png Fig. 9. Representation of the domains of motion w forbidden by the contact constraints (a) and (b), and by the unidirectional actuator (c), for the grasp represented in Fig. 3.d when the object is in the centered position. The union of the three open domains is represented in (d). It is a line which corresponds to the direction of permitted motions; the grasp is not 1st order form-closed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-b-c-representation-of-the-half-spaces-forbidden-by-2rkr5drq.png Fig. 11. (a) (b) (c) Representation of the half spaces forbidden by each of the three contacts for the grasp shown in Fig. 2(b). The union of the three open domains is represented in (d). It is a line which corresponds to the permissible velocities of the object in the original configuration 0 w . https://scispace.com/papers/extension-of-observed-flood-series-by-combining-a-1uacci4vim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-among-the-empirical-estimate-of-the-sb5gs054.png Fig. 8 Comparison among the empirical estimate of the Kendall’s function (for t copula values) and the theoretical estimate, regarding the model selection sample, obtained by a the Clayton, Frank and Gumbel copula; and b the Galambos, Plackett and BB1 copula. Results are divided into two figures for clarity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-copula-selection-process-based-on-1000-bootstrap-jqawmeh7.png Fig. 7 Copula selection process based on 1000 bootstrap samples with a sample length nc for each copula. Box plots for each copula show a the assessment of the fit to the data via Sn; b the results of the formal goodness-of-fit test by the p-value of Sn; c the adequacy of the Kendall’s return period TK(0.99) in reference to the empirical Kendall’s return period _TKð0:99Þ; and d the evaluation of the AIC for ranking copulas. The points in the box plots represent the outliers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sensitivity-analysis-for-identifying-the-minimum-3vwa2di3.png Fig. 6 Sensitivity analysis for identifying the minimum sample length required for each copula. The box plot of the copula parameter(s) estimated from the bootstrap samples of length n is plotted along the x-axis, where the points represent the outliers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-between-the-kendalls-return-period-curves-x8pc98eg.png Fig. 11 Comparison between the Kendall’s return period curves estimated by the simulated validation sample generated through the hydro-meteorological model, and by a given synthetic sample generated by the bivariate distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-the-fitted-bivariate-distribution-3tqynfg6.png Table 3 Parameters of the fitted bivariate distribution (marginal distributions and copula) for the simulated validation sample, and a given bootstrap sample of size nb = 525 that belongs to the simulated validation sample, whereby the synthetic validation sample is generated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-fit-of-the-marginal-distributions-of-q-and-v-to-the-5yjr1p4w.png Fig. 10 a Fit of the marginal distributions of Q and V to the model selection sample; b Comparison between the flood frequency curve fitted to the simulated validation sample generated through the hydrometeorological model, and the confidence interval obtained by the synthetic validation samples generated by the bivariate distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-validation-of-the-hydrometeorological-model-observed-1c4k5ags.png Fig. 3 Validation of the hydrometeorological model. Observed data and empirical frequency curves of inflow volume for a one; b two; c three; and d four consecutive days https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-steps-forming-the-proposed-methodology-3u84do2u.png Fig. 1 Diagram of the steps forming the proposed methodology https://scispace.com/papers/extension-of-the-working-zone-encoding-method-to-reduce-the-5g2vcs74z5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-address-space-with-three-vectors-12w5hxsg.png Figure 2. Address space with three vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-summary-energy-overhead-is-only-shown-for-2m3ah6y3.png Table 3. Results summary. Energy overhead is only shown for the WZE technique (in parenthesis without overhead). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-number-of-i-o-transitions-reference-for-all-2pf6f6rz.png Table 2. Average number of I/O transitions/reference for all the encoding techniques for the multiplexed address and multiplexed instruction/data buses. Energy overhead included only for WZE (in parenthesis, without overhead).BI stands for bus-invert. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-of-buses-in-a-general-purpose-microprocessor-1rs39dpo.png Figure 1. Types of buses in a general-purpose microprocessor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-assigned-to-each-of-the-fields-of-the-2bk906f0.png Table 1. Information assigned to each of the fields of the encoded address and data buses when there is a hit (WZ format) and a miss (NonWZ format) in theH working zones and in theM potential https://scispace.com/papers/exterior-calculus-and-fermionic-quantum-computation-41bnow1rkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-a-b-and-a-b-for-a-b-v-2-the-result-0-indicates-that-2epwux5h.png TABLE II: A ∧ B and A ∨ B, for A,B ∈ ∧ [V (2)]. The result 0 indicates that this operation is physically impossible because of the Pauli exclusion principle. A ∧ B can be viewed as an OR gate for fermions, or equivalently as an AND gate for holes. A∨B can be viewed as an AND gate for fermions, or equivalently as an OR gate for holes. A comparison with Boolean gates is discussed in section VI and table III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a1-fa2-in-the-domain-d1-and-a1-ga2-in-the-domain-t523v6a5.png TABLE III: A1 fA2 in the domain D1 and A1 gA2 in the domain D2. A1 fA2 is the same as A1 ∪A2 (in the domain D1), and A1 gA2 is the same as A1 ∩A2 (in the domain D2). Here A1, A2 ⊆ S with S = {1, 2}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-fermionic-join-s1-s2-and-fermionic-meet-s1-s2-of-2p46vgo5.png TABLE IV: Fermionic join |s1〉∧|s2〉 and fermionic meet |s1〉∨|s2〉 of multi-qubit states in H2. The result 0 indicates that this operation is physically impossible, and introduces a ‘Pauli-like’ exclusion principle into the system of multi-qubits. https://scispace.com/papers/extensive-tonotopic-mapping-across-auditory-cortex-is-8jjxdgiery 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-local-normalized-covariance-between-r1-values-and-3181xw4n.png Figure 8. Local normalized covariance between R1 values and tonotopic and attn-tono response amplitude. The heatscale value at each vertex represents the normalized spatial covariance within a 4 mm (2D) radius between R1 and the amplitude of the tonotopic or attn-tono signal (e.g., the amplitude of the Fourier component at the stimulus frequency of 8 cycles/run). A, The cross-subject (N 8) cortical surface-based average normalized covariance between R1 and tonotopic amplitude. B, The R1 versus tonotopy normalized covariance in an independent cohort (N 6), using data previously acquired with a different tonotopy protocol (bandpass-filter-swept nonlinguistic vocalizations) and on a different scanner (Siemens 3T Trio); full protocol as described by Dick et al. (2012). C, The average normalized covariance between R1 and attn-tono amplitude in the current cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-activation-for-tonotopy-and-attn-tono-nonqixfw.png Figure 2. Group activation for tonotopy and attn-tono conditions, with R1 contours showing putative auditory core. Leftmost panel, Cortical surface-based group-averaged R1, projected on the lateral inflated surface of one subject. The left hemisphere is mirror-reversed to align cortical maps for visual comparison. For tonotopic map display, a patch of cortex, including the entire temporal plane (shown in purple on the inflated surface), was cut and flattened. A–C, Enlarged region, with isocontour lines showing quantitative R1 values for the group-averaged putative auditory core and color maps showing group-averaged best frequency as a function of (A) tonotopy, (B) attn-tono (stepped), and (C) attn-tono (randomized control) conditions. Stars represent fiduciary points to assist in visual comparisons of maps across conditions. Yellow dashed lines indicate the outline of Heschl’s gyrus (in A, from the individual subject whose cortical patch was used). Consistent with previous work, the tonotopic map is characterized by two pairs of three interlacing best-frequency fingers, with the high-frequency fingers (red/orange colormap) showing greatest frequency preference medially and extending laterally, where they meet interdigitated lower-frequency fingers (green/yellow colormap) extending lateral to medial, with the longest middle lower-frequency finger extending approximately halfway into auditory core. This pattern is evident in Fourier analysis-derived maps of the stepped attn-tono condition but not in the randomized control attn-tono condition, for which the attentional response was phase-cancelled. All maps are statistically masked by overall activation to tonotopy stimuli in each hemisphere (cluster-corrected p 10 8, and gently shaded to show relative amplitude). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-maps-when-best-frequency-is-attended-3afvl8zq.png Figure 7. Comparison of maps when best frequency is attended versus ignored. The heatscale (t values, thresholded as in Fig. 5A) depicts the cross-subject cortical surface-based average difference in activation when the subject-specific best frequency band of each voxel was attended versus ignored. The dotted green R1 isocontour estimating auditory core is as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-responses-in-regression-based-lta-1a2crz86.png Figure 6. Comparison of responses in regression-based LTA maps, tonotopy, and attn-tono. A, The colormaps projected onto the same cortical patches as in Figures 2 and 4 show cross-subject group-average maps that depict the frequency band that drives the least activation compared with all other frequency bands (LTA) in tonotopy and attn-tono (stepped plus randomized blocks) conditions and in right and left hemispheres. As in Figure 4, the presumptive auditory core shown by the dashed yellow line depicting the outermost R1 contour (0.66 s 1). B, The tonotopy versus attn-tono LTA concordance map was created as in Figure 5A. The midpoint of the heatscale has been lowered slightly compared with Figure 5A, reflecting the overall somewhat lower concordance in the LTA maps compared with WTA. Dotted yellow R1 isocontour is the same as in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stimuli-and-design-overview-a-in-a-representative-2jka49ra.png Figure 1. Stimuli and design overview. A, In a representative 12.8 s Tonotopy block, a neutral verbal prompt “hear” precedes 14 four-tone mini-sequences sampled around one of five center frequencies. The task is to detect the 1–3 mini-sequence repeats embedded within the block. Gray box represents a single mini-sequence repeat. B, A single Attention-tonotopy (attn-tono) block includes two simultaneous streams of mini-sequences with distinct center frequencies. Mini-sequence repeats occur in each stream. A verbal prompt (“high” or “low”) directs listeners to attend to one stream and report mini-sequence repeats in that stream while ignoring repeats in the unattended stream. Two randomly ordered orientation tones at the center frequency of each stream alert listeners to the frequency neighborhood of the upcoming streams. C, A single 64 s cycle of stepped attn-tono blocks includes five 12.8 s blocks that step up (shown), or down, in center frequency. In this single cycle, the frequency band to which attention is directed by the verbal prompt (indicated with “high”/”low” above each block) is acoustically matched with the tonotopy cycle shown in B, but there are always competing unattended mini-sequences in a distinct frequency band. D, A single 64 s cycle of randomized attn-tono blocks is acoustically identical to the stepped attn-tono cycle in C, except that half of the verbal prompts have been swapped, and therefore no longer cue attention to frequency with consistent phase lags. E, The distinction between stepped and randomized attn-tono blocks is highlighted by examining the first three (of eight) cycles of a stepped (top) versus randomized (bottom) attn-tono run. The focus of attention is color coded in the frequency band-specific manner shown in A. Top, For the stepped condition, there is a consistent relationship between the stimulus phase lag and the attended frequency across cycles within a run. Thus, for voxels that show a consistently higher response at one attended frequency band compared with all others, there will be a periodic response at 8 cycles/run at a given phase lag corresponding to the particular frequency band attended. Bottom, For the randomized condition, there is no consistent relationship, providing a control condition for Fourier analyses because frequency band-directed attention is aperiodic across a run. F, The stimulus phase lag with the highest periodic BOLD signal amplitude is determined for each voxel, mapped to a color scale, and then painted onto the cortical surface patch. BOLD signal amplitude is mapped to the color’s saturation. A–D, Stimulus intensity is adjusted across the spectrum to aid visual presentation of energy across frequency bands (for details on actual intensity across frequency bands, see Materials and Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-responses-in-regression-based-wta-1egitt32.png Figure 4. Comparison of responses in regression-based WTA maps, tonotopy, and attn-tono. Color maps projected onto the right (top panels) and left (bottom panels) hemisphere cortical patches (same as patches shown in Fig. 2, purple) show the cross-subject average best frequency band (WTA) for stepped tonotopic (left) stepped attn-tono (middle), and randomized attn-tono (right) conditions. With the regression-based approach, the randomized condition is also expected to evoke strong attentionally driven tonotopic maps. Dotted yellow line indicates the outermost R1 contour (0.66 s 1) around presumptive auditory core as shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-tonotopy-and-attn-tono-maps-a-eayk2pjm.png Figure 5. Comparison of tonotopy and attn-tono maps. A, Concordance maps are rendered in heatscale on the inflated hemispheres to illustrate the similarity in best frequency between tonotopic and attn-tono maps (the latter averaged over stepped and randomized blocks). These maps were calculated in two stages. First, in each subject’s native EPI space, a voxel was coded as 1 if tonotopy and attn-tono stimuli evoked the same best frequency, and otherwise coded as 0. Second, for each subject, the concordance maps were resampled to the individual’s cortical surface and projected onto the unit icosahedron for cross-subject surface-based averaging, thereby creating a composite measure of agreement between tonotopy and attn-tono maps, weighted by the consistency of this agreement across subjects. The concordance maps are statistically masked with a cross-subject t map, calculated versus chance agreement ( p 0.20) with a surface cluster correction of p 0.001 (vertexwise p 0.01, cluster threshold surface area 74 mm 2) (Hagler et al., 2006). To demonstrate the extent of tonotopically mapped cortex that is similarly mapped through spectrally directed attention, the phase-encoded tonotopy cortical patches from Fig. 2A are overlaid with the outline of the thresholded concordance map shown by the yellow dotted line. White solid outline indicates the Bonferroni-corrected ROI-wise correspondence outline from the ROI quilt in B. B, Shading in each small ROI patch represents the z score for the partial fit between tonotopy and attn-tono responses to each frequency band (with subjects as a random factor). Thin white outline indicates ROIs with significant z scores (Bonferroni-corrected p value threshold of p 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/external-second-gate-fourier-transform-ion-mobility-91abhl0t6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resolution-vs-flow-rate-medium-rings-22-dfyussdu.png Figure 5. Resolution vs. Flow Rate (medium rings) 22 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-configuration-file-15-2aorsyu7.png Table 2. Configuration File 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tnt-spectra-sa-ims-and-ft-ims-10-3mrvjz7b.png Figure 5. Resolution vs. Flow Rate (medium rings) 22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drift-time-vs-flow-rate-large-rings-21-29avodcb.png Figure 3. Drift Time vs. Flow Rate (large rings) 21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reactant-and-calibrant-ions-ft-ims-10-khz-10-3h18mqal.png Figure 3. Drift Time vs. Flow Rate (large rings) 21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-resolution-vs-drift-voltage-medium-rings-23-3ujzpwac.png Figure 7. Resolution vs. Drift Voltage (medium rings) 23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rdx-spectra-sa-ims-and-ft-ims-10-c0c4742r.png Figure 7. Resolution vs. Drift Voltage (medium rings) 23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-peak-intensity-vs-drift-voltage-large-rings-2fd7iq6x.png Figure 10. – Peak Intensity vs. Drift Voltage (large rings) https://scispace.com/papers/external-validations-of-cardiovascular-clinical-prediction-1zpikpqc5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conditions-with-the-most-external-validations-top-10-2q8aa3ia.png Table 3. Conditions With the Most External Validations (Top 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-top-10-most-validated-cpms-9ins3xng.png Table 4. Top 10 Most Validated CPMs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-waterfall-plot-depicting-the-percent-change-in-the-3dpwpcnv.png Figure 2. Waterfall plot depicting the percent change in the C statistic in related (related and closely related) validations (in blue) and distantly validations (in orange). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predictors-of-worse-discrimination-variable-2nb8mmqn.png Table 5. Predictors of Worse Discrimination: Variable Distributions and GEE Model Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-de-novo-models-summary-ltlostxa.png Table 1. De Novo Models Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-external-validation-review-process-iqqfqjxw.png Figure 1. Flowchart of external validation review process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-external-validations-summary-sib15xyi.png Table 2. External Validations Summary https://scispace.com/papers/extinction-of-pavlovian-conditioning-the-influence-of-trial-3vwmw31je6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trial-structure-during-extinction-for-the-partially-epbvzv0b.png Figure 1. Trial structure during extinction for the partially reinforced (PRF) group and the continuously reinforced (CRF) group in Bouton et al. (2014). CS presentations (shown here as grey rectangles) alternated between long (30 s) and short (10 s) presentations. A “time expectancy” analysis compared responding on every short trial for the PRF group with responding on every 10-s segment of the CS in the CRF group. Numbers identify the corresponding CS segments between the two groups. This meant that the CRF group was compared with the PRF group after the latter had received 4 times the length of CS exposure. For example, the fourth 10-s segment of the CRF group was compared with the fourth 10-s trial of the PRF group, at which point the latter had received 160-s of cumulative exposure to the CS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-summary-of-designs-for-acquisition-panel-a-and-eqcz0ca7.png Figure 3. TOP: Summary of designs for acquisition (panel A) and extinction (panel B) in Experiment 2. As in Experiment 1, the PRf CS was conditioned (+) on 33% of trials after a mean duration of 10 s; the CRf CS was reinforced on 100% of trials after a mean duration of 30 s; the clicker was reinforced on 100% of trials after a mean duration of 17 s. During extinction, both the PRf CS and CRf CS were presented the same number of times without reinforcement, and presentations of the PRf CS were 3 times longer than presentations of the CRf CS (30 s versus 10 s). The clicker continued to be reinforced during extinction of the PRf and CRf CSs. Bottom: Mean response rates during the three CSs, as well as during the pre-CS interval, over 20 sessions of acquisition (panel C) and over 15 sessions of extinction (D and E). Response rates for the PRf CS are averaged across the full 30 s of each extinction trial in D, but are shown only for the first 10 s of each trial in E so that responding to this CS is compared across the same time window as for the CRf CS. Vertical bars show the standard error of the mean difference between responding to the PRf CS and CRf CS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-summary-of-designs-for-acquisition-panel-a-and-3kemriir.png Figure 2. TOP: Summary of designs for acquisition (panel A) and extinction (panel B) in Experiment 1. The PRf CS was conditioned with food (+) on 33% of trials after a mean duration of 10 s; the CRf CS was reinforced on 100% of trials with a mean duration of 30 s; the clicker was reinforced on 100% of trials, with a mean duration of 17 s. During extinction, both the PRf CS and CRf CS were presented for a fixed duration of 10 s and neither CS was reinforced. There were 3 presentations of the PRf CS for every one of the CRf CS. The clicker continued to be reinforced during extinction of the PRf and CRf CSs. Bottom: Mean response rates during the PRf CS, CRf CS, and the clicker, as well as during the pre-CS interval, over 20 sessions of acquisition (panel C) and over 15 sessions of extinction (panel D). Vertical bars show the standard error of the mean difference between responding to the PRf CS and responding to the CRf CS. https://scispace.com/papers/extracting-community-structure-features-for-hypertext-2wy48lefzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modeig-algorithm-1jkvnzqh.png Figure 1. ModEig algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-classification-accuracy-mean-std-28m2czjf.png Figure 3. Comparison of classification accuracy (mean ± std %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modeig-link-experimental-results-3exo5j6z.png Figure 2. ModEig (link) experimental results. https://scispace.com/papers/extracting-inflation-from-stock-returns-to-test-purchasing-8cwdc927o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-time-series-regressions-of-excess-industrial-returns-35cf2tnw.png TABLE 4—TIME SERIES REGRESSIONS OF EXCESS INDUSTRIAL RETURNS ON THE THREE FAMA-FRENCH FACTORS (GERMANY) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ppp-regression-results-using-extracted-risk-free-1rogb7qt.png TABLE 8—PPP REGRESSION RESULTS USING EXTRACTED RISK-FREE RATE WITH MOMENTUM AS AN ADDITIONAL U.S. FACTOR https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-series-regressions-of-excess-industrial-returns-28m88fu0.png TABLE 3—TIME SERIES REGRESSIONS OF EXCESS INDUSTRIAL RETURNS ON THE THREE FAMA-FRENCH FACTORS (UNITED KINGDOM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-constrained-system-of-equations-ppp-regression-for-1jpb4uyz.png TABLE 10—CONSTRAINED SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS PPP REGRESSION FOR THREE COUNTRY PAIRS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ppp-regression-results-using-extracted-risk-free-2eeo80uc.png TABLE 7—PPP REGRESSION RESULTS USING EXTRACTED RISK-FREE RATE FROM THE FAMA-FRENCH THREE-FACTOR MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-summary-statistics-3penpi0v.png TABLE 1—DATA SUMMARY STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-for-extracted-risk-free-rate-2hpak8ak.png TABLE 6—SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR EXTRACTED RISK-FREE RATE DIFFERENTIALS, CPI INFLATION DIFFERENTIALS, AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-time-series-regressions-of-excess-industrial-returns-pw2522y2.png TABLE 5—TIME SERIES REGRESSIONS OF EXCESS INDUSTRIAL RETURNS ON THE THREE FAMA-FRENCH FACTORS (JAPAN) https://scispace.com/papers/extraction-and-concentration-of-vapors-from-fire-debris-for-2wsw13s4l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chromatogram-obtained-for-the-standard-accelerant-2q9gcd7o.png Fig. 3. Chromatogram obtained for the standard accelerant mixture. https://scispace.com/papers/extracting-low-dimensional-control-variables-for-movement-2072tfoojz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-noise-a-and-missing-data-b-on-the-1xxdpe7w.png Fig. 4. The effect of noise (A) and missing data (B) on the prediction performance of ProMPs (blue lines) and LM-ProMPs (red lines). In (A), from left to right the amount of applied noise is increased. In (B) four different frame rates of observations (∈ {50, 100, 200, and 300}ms) are investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-data-precision-parameter-b-can-be-used-to-adapt-3gw3ii52.png Fig. 3. (A) The data precision parameter β can be used to adapt the model complexity while avoiding overfitting (shown in the 2nd and 3rd panel for two planning horizons until the ball impact). (B) The gamma prior on the precision parameters λ to increase the numerical stability has little effect on the prediction performance (for c0 ≥ 1). (C) Investigation of the effect of the latent variables, where the first dimension of h describes the slope whereas the second dimension relates to the waviness (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-trajectory-prediction-task-in-a-table-tennis-o304imdu.png Fig. 2. (A-B) Trajectory prediction task in a table tennis setting using 20 end-effector and ball trajectories. (C-E) Learned distributions over trajectories for three dimensions (out of six) using ProMPs. The colors (red and blue) are only used to visualize differences in the movement directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-experimental-setting-and-two-dimensions-out-of-the-7-3pvjvu0o.png Fig. 5. (A) Experimental setting and two dimensions out of the 7- dimensional dataset (three end-effector coordinates and the four dimensional quaternions). The colors (red and blue) denote the movement direction to avoid the obstacle. (B-C) Learned distributions using ProMPs. The mean is denoted by the black line and the standard deviation by the shaded region. ProMPs cannot represent the bi-modal distribution in the 2nd panel in (B) and the conditioning on unseen targets might fail (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-learned-bi-modal-distribution-the-colors-red-and-blue-3mihi7f9.png Fig. 6. Learned bi-modal distribution (the colors red and blue denote the modes) using the proposed mixture model with two mixture components (A-B). The latent variable is used to specialize on subregions within the distribution of the mixture component. This is illustrated for two dimensions of h, where solid black lines denote the mean. (C) Conditioning result using LMProMPs. (D) Real robot results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-robot-used-in-the-experiments-to-learn-trajectory-34dk89au.png Fig. 1. The robot used in the experiments to learn trajectory distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/extraction-compression-and-acceleration-of-high-line-charge-4hsxz0jnmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-helix-model-rn3ncjze.png Figure 5: The Helix model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ndcx1c-experiment-3gj55vxg.png Figure 1: NDCX1c Experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-snowplow-mode-with-moderate-compression-2v7z9mas.png Figure 6: Snowplow mode with moderate compression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-plia-assembly-concept-3o94ngrq.png Figure 4: The PLIA assembly concept. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-accel-decel-injector-fbrk4van.png Figure 3: The Accel-Decel Injector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ndcx1c-experiment-cut-away-view-1cto3i7g.png Figure 2: NDCX1c Experiment (cut-away view). https://scispace.com/papers/extraction-de-motifs-dialogiques-bidimensionnels-2jg88pyxno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resultats-des-tests-wsr-sur-chaque-paire-de-valeurs-iyxkyx57.png TABLE 2 – Résultats des tests WSR sur chaque paire de valeurs de τ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodologie-pour-obtenir-un-modele-de-dialogue-3lh4n1al.png FIGURE 1 – Méthodologie pour obtenir un modèle de dialogue robuste. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-et-b-deux-annotations-de-dialogues-c-extrait-des-1k4d38be.png FIGURE 4 – (A) et (B) Deux annotations de dialogues. (C) Extrait des valeurs de la table T [r1][r2][r3] correspondante, sur l’intervalle r1 2 Ji, i + 4K, r2 2 Jj, j + 2K, r3 2 Jk, k + 4K et tels que r1 et r3 sont liés par la relation r3 = r1 + k − i. Des étoiles sont utilisées pour représenter les positions candidates de T pour un score minimal τ de trois. Les cases grisées représentent les alignements locaux optimaux et leur chemin dans T . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trois-motifs-extraits-qui-ont-ete-regroupes-39g06pf0.png FIGURE 5 – Trois motifs extraits qui ont été regroupés ensemble par l’heuristique de partitionnement Rock. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-resultats-des-tests-wsr-sur-chaque-paire-de-valeurs-zx6hgszx.png TABLE 3 – Résultats des tests WSR sur chaque paire de valeurs considérées pour k. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-extrait-dun-dialogue-annote-issu-du-corpus-de-1a4ke2jh.png TABLE 1 – Extrait d’un dialogue annoté issu du corpus de dialogues considéré https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resultat-de-lalgorithme-de-needlemanwunsch-lorsque-hz8bcmyr.png FIGURE 2 – Résultat de l’algorithme de NeedlemanWunsch, lorsque les coûts de la distance de Levenshtein sont utilisés sur les séquences “ATCA” et “ATGC”. (A) Table T (sans sa première ligne et sa première colonne). La case grise contient la distance de Levenshtein. (B) Alignements optimaux correspondants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-des-huit-operations-dedition-2ge06qyi.png FIGURE 3 – Représentation des huit opérations d’édition bidimensionnelles considérées, appliquées à deux tableaux de tailles respectives 2 ⇥ 3 et 3 ⇥ 2. La position courrante de l’algorithme est représentée par un point et les caractères impactés par l’opération d’édition sont grisés. (a) : Suppression de ligne. (b) : Suppression de colonne. (c) : Insertion de ligne. (d) : Insertion de colonne. (e) : Substitution de ligne. (f) : Substitution de colonne. (g) et (h) : Substitution de ligne et de colonne (dans un ordre différent). https://scispace.com/papers/extrema-statistics-in-the-dynamics-of-a-non-gaussian-random-okhlnrfwnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-imbalance-between-maxima-and-minima-n-of-h-r-t-isw2hqcz.png FIG. 2. The imbalance between maxima and minima n of h( r,t), where h obeys the KPZ equation (with λ/4ν = 0.1), as a function of time. At t = 0, h( r) was taken to be a Gaussian field with (a) a Gaussian spectrum A(k) ∝ exp[−k2/(4k20)]; (b) a ring spectrum A(k) ∝ δ(k − k0). Shown are our theoretical perturbative result [Eq. (17)] and data from simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-dimensional-excluding-the-y-direction-rpogpdmn.png FIG. 1. A two-dimensional (excluding the y direction) geometrical interpretation of the second term of the KPZ equation [Eq. (18)] applied to a growing surface. The surface is assumed to grow perpendicularly at a constant rate λ. Measured vertically, the growth rate is dh/dt = λ√1 + (dh/dx)2. In three dimensions, the derivative is replaced by a gradient [see Eq. (19)]. https://scispace.com/papers/extreme-mobility-enhancement-of-two-dimensional-electron-3wfs2qirrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-y-z-chen-et-al-vkhhkvhx.png Fig. 1. Y. Z. Chen et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-y-z-chen-et-al-bmct20kj.png Fig. 5. Y. Z. Chen et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-y-z-chen-et-al-2dnhx7wj.png Fig. 2. Y. Z. Chen et al. https://scispace.com/papers/f-formations-and-collaboration-dynamics-study-for-designing-4rbavfidsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-f-formation-arrangements-3g881ram.png Figure 1. F-formation arrangements. https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-of-high-density-nanostructures-by-electron-beam-3o34b9zenl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-minimum-pitch-vs-development-time-in-ipa-g8k9iam1.png FIG. 3. Plot of the minimum pitch vs development time in IPA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-pattern-used-for-determining-the-optimal-dose-and-2pk75lqw.png FIG. 1. Test pattern used for determining the optimal dose and minimum and dot spacing for a given development condition. Note the five fin spaced gratings for accurate determination of resolution at near-optim conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-lift-off-pattern-revealing-40-nm-period-aupd-31j99d0o.png FIG. 6. ~a! Lift-off pattern revealing 40 nm period AuPd particles deposit by dc sputter deposition.~b! Lift-off pattern showing 60 nm period Au particles deposited by thermal evaporation. https://scispace.com/papers/fabry-perot-refractometer-based-on-an-end-of-fiber-polymer-4hiatrc3tl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ffpi-phase-step-change-induced-by-a-surrounding-liquid-1dcczka1.png Fig. 4. FFPI phase step change induced by a surrounding liquid refractive index step change in n=1.5 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-relationship-between-the-ffpi-dg8ezwip.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Relationship between the FFPI interferometric phase and the refractive index of the surrounding liquid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-spectral-response-of-the-tip-ffpi-sensor-tailored-by-1oqc9isq.png Fig. 2. (a) Spectral response of the tip FFPI sensor tailored by the source spectral distribution, (b) normalized spectral response (the periodicity of the channeled spectrum is 13 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-and-photo-of-the-sensing-head-2wbfad34.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup and photo of the sensing head. https://scispace.com/papers/face-saving-or-fair-minded-what-motivates-moral-behavior-8hig05q4zg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatments-26haprrq.png Table 1: Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-opting-in-and-out-jw4xstae.png Table 4: Opting in and out https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-who-opt-in-and-out-2m0cv4y4.png Table 5: Who opt in and out? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-share-given-1s0jq6dk.png Figure 1: Distribution of share given https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatment-differences-share-given-ujgsvpxb.png Table 2: Treatment differences: Share given https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-8gjseo9m.png Table 3: Regression analysis https://scispace.com/papers/facile-proton-conduction-via-ordered-water-molecules-in-a-1einm2w0qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-pcmof-3-showing-a-a-single-layer-where-18wcq52p.png Figure 1. Structure of PCMOF-3 showing (a) a single layer, where light tetrahedra represent fully phosphonate-ligated Zn1 centers and dark tetrahedra represent bis(aquo)-ligated Zn2 centers; (b) two layers stacked to show the channels formed and included water molecules as located in the X-ray difference map; and (c) a cross section of the channel with H-bonds between channel and coordinated water molecules. Cyan and blue represent Zn atoms above and below the plane of the page, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-log-s-as-a-function-of-1000-t-over-the-1vwbee69.png Figure 3. Plot of log(σ) as a function of 1000/T over the temperature range 5-25 °C at 98% relative humidity for the grain interior conductivity of PCMOF-3. https://scispace.com/papers/facilitating-flow-experience-in-physical-education-settings-o8ufaqu510 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-situational-flow-subscale-score-action-13cvzxh1.png Figure 7. The situational flow subscale score—Action-Awareness Merging. 1 Two intervention groups (Class 1 [n = 47] and Class 2 [n = 41]) and one control group (Class 2 3: n = 47). Error bars: SE. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/factor-analysis-of-a-large-dsge-model-5faw8v8eki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-estimated-and-theoretical-impulse-responses-of-v86deojk.png Figure 19: Estimated and theoretical impulse responses of sectoral outputs to monetary policy shock. The dashed lines correspond to 5, 50 and 95 percentiles of the Monte Carlo distribution of the estimated impulse responses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-times-di-erent-estimates-of-the-number-of-2oo1koj4.png Table 1: Number of times di¤erent estimates of the number of factors appeared in 1000 simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-monte-carlo-cumulative-empirical-distributions-247bwhw3.png Figure 10: The Monte Carlo cumulative empirical distributions of the p-values for Onatski s (2009) test of 0 factors vs. 1 factor, 1 factor vs. 2 factors, 2 factors vs. 3 factors, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-portion-of-the-variance-of-di-erent-components-of-3qpxxpzb.png Figure 8: Portion of the variance of di¤erent components of the vector of static factors Ft explained by the projection on the spaces spanned by the rst several (static, population) principal components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-standard-deviations-over-30-sectors-of-the-1dwowthq.png Table 3: Means and standard deviations (over 30 sectors) of the Monte Carlo mean squared errors of the impulse responses estimated by FAVARs using di¤erent number of latent factors. The mean squared errors are cumulative over the rst 8 periods. They are normalized so that the mean squared error of the estimates obtained from a FAVAR based on a single factor equals one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pervasiveness-of-di-erent-shocks-in-bcr-model-3fdfpn90.png Figure 1: Pervasiveness of di¤erent shocks in BCR model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-estimated-and-theoretical-impulse-responses-of-t1ds3szn.png Figure 18: Estimated and theoretical impulse responses of sectoral in ations to monetary policy shock. The dashed lines correspond to 5, 50 and 95 percentiles of the Monte Carlo distribution of the estimated impulse responses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-monte-carlo-distributions-of-g1-60-g2-60-g3-60-and-3w4oizu0.png Figure 15: Monte Carlo distributions of g1;60; g2;60; g3;60; and g4;60 relative to the theoretically derived standard normal distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/factor-of-safety-in-a-partially-saturated-slope-inferred-3s4xhxgd9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-critical-failure-surface-using-the-entry-exit-v5oad1ut.png Figure 11. Critical failure surface using the entry–exit option of SLOPE/W for a hypothetical rainfall rate of 50mm/h for 2.5 h without previous rainfall. The search predicted a scarp zone at inflection point C3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-critical-failure-surface-using-the-grid-radius-1q6j3ids.png Figure 12. Critical failure surface using the grid-radius option of SLOPE/W for a hypothetical rainfall rate of 50mm/h for 2.5 h without previous rainfall. The search predicted a scarp zone at inflection point C3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extensional-shear-zones-predicted-by-the-hydro-1yvwdq5s.png Figure 5. Extensional shear zones predicted by the hydro-mechanical continuum model for rainfall rates of 6mm/h for 24 h followed by 40mm/h for 1.7 h. Inflection point C2 is the upslope scarp location at CB1. Color bar is plastic strain in percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-magnified-view-of-extensional-shear-zones-predicted-3hh59phz.png Figure 6. Magnified view of extensional shear zones predicted by the hydro-mechanical continuum model for rainfall rates of 6mm/h for 24 h followed by 40mm/h for 1.7 h. Localized plastic zone defines a multiple block failure mechanism. Color bar is plastic strain in percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pore-water-pressures-on-colluvium-bedrock-m9iba4zi.png Figure 10. Pore water pressures on colluvium–bedrock interface after subjecting the slope to 13.6 h of rain at 15mm/h (open circle) and 50mm/h of rain for 2.5 h (open square). Numerical simulations predicted a scarp zone at C2 for the former and at C3 for the latter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-extensional-shear-zones-predicted-by-the-hydro-3rt4yh4e.png Figure 9. Extensional shear zones predicted by the hydro-mechanical model for a rainfall rate of 50mm/h for 2.5 h. A primary scarp zone is developed at inflection point C3. Color bar is plastic strain in percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topographic-map-for-cb1-experimental-catchment-two-gu1d9mr2.png Figure 1. Topographic map for CB1 experimental catchment. Two-dimensional plane strain condition is assumed along section A-A for the physics-based and limit-equilibrium simulations. Dashed curve B delineates the extent of debris flow zone from the event of November 1996. C1, C2, and C3 are inflection points discussed in the simulations. Color bar is elevation in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hyetograph-in-1996-at-cb1-and-daily-rainfall-2au6hyl1.png Figure 2. Hyetograph in 1996 at CB1 and daily rainfall averages from nearby North Bend, Oregon airport. https://scispace.com/papers/factor-structure-of-the-essen-climate-evaluation-schema-2unu2gwix8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cronbach-a-values-for-the-essences-subscale-and-wktxardc.png Table 2: Cronbach α values for the EssenCES subscale and total scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-factor-structure-of-the-essences-following-cfa-2dnosini.png Fig 1: Factor Structure of the EssenCES following CFA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-of-participants-by-sample-group-and-ward-3flwwfx3.png Table 1: Frequencies of participants by sample, group and ward type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-loadings-following-principal-components-1j1x74jj.png Table 3: Factor loadings following principal components analysis using varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-normative-data-for-essences-in-an-english-medium-ys0l1lf4.png Table 4: Normative data for EssenCES in an English medium-security hospital setting, compared with preliminary normative data for high-security settings (Howells et al., 2009) https://scispace.com/papers/factors-affecting-successful-mobilization-with-plerixafor-an-3s8wuvndut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-percentage-of-patients-reaching-the-mu3gkkuc.png Fig. 2. Cumulative percentage of patients reaching the efficacy endpoints in relation to the number of plerixafor doses. ( ) At least 20 ¥ 106 CD34+/L; ( ) at least 2 ¥ 106 CD34+/kg. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-significant-predictive-factors-in-the-predicted-pm-qyfke8jn.png TABLE 4. Significant predictive factors in the predicted PM population (n = 64) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significant-predictive-factors-in-the-proven-pm-6ec4vx3c.png TABLE 5. Significant predictive factors in the proven PM population (n = 144) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographics-and-clinical-characteristics-3qin854x.png TABLE 1. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics in the total population https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diagnosis-and-mobilization-characteristics-by-zlwxpzvi.png TABLE 2. Diagnosis and mobilization characteristics by endpoint (CD34+ cells/kg or peak CD34+ cells ¥ 106/L status) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-predictive-factors-in-the-total-20ahbygy.png TABLE 3. Significant predictive factors in the total population https://scispace.com/papers/factors-affecting-the-mechanical-and-geometrical-properties-591fk0tyup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-drawing-rate-at-the-first-three-godets-plotted-19xf92ns.png Figure 1. (a) Drawing rate at the first three godets plotted against the total drawing rate. (b) Measured filament diameter plotted against the calculated filament diameter. Error bars represent standard deviation for 10 samples for each nominal diameter; coefficient of determination (R2) for linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-swollen-scaffold-sample-square-with-a-side-length-1zbims99.png Figure 6. (a) Swollen scaffold sample; square with a side length of 15mm between clamps for compressive testing. (b) Compressive strength at a compression of 12.5, 25, and 50 % plotted against calculated Euler buckling strength corresponding to the geometrical properties of scaffold types; error bars represent standard deviation for at least 10 samples for each data dot/scaffold type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-and-measured-weight-ratios-of-carbon-to-3fahkjok.png Figure 7. Calculated and measured weight ratios of carbon to nitrogen for various chitosan samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-tensile-strength-and-b-youngs-modulus-plotted-f25afnwc.png Figure 2. (a) Tensile strength and (b) Young’s modulus plotted against total drawing rate. Error bars represent standard deviation for 10 samples for each yarn. Coefficient of determination (R2) for linear regression are given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-representative-loading-unloading-and-reloading-2m3e69ga.png Figure 5. (a) Representative loading, unloading, and reloading curve of a scaffold type R. (b) Corresponding energy of loading, unloading, and hysteresis for each cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-compression-strength-and-elastic-modulus-in-kpa-of-5b8oz3gl.png Table 5. Compression strength and elastic modulus in kPa of various scaffold types, averaged values with standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-microscopy-gravimetry-based-determined-3nckb7sv.png Table 4. Overview of microscopy-/gravimetry-based determined geometrical parameters of various scaffold types in the wet state; averaged values with standard deviation for five samples for each type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-glycerine-embedded-stained-flock-fibers-b-cut-1psojite.png Figure 3. (a) Glycerine-embedded stained flock fibers, (b) cut scaffold sample, and (c) SEM image, bent fibers due to sample preparation/cutting. https://scispace.com/papers/factors-influencing-the-impact-of-depressive-symptoms-on-1707bx3kfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-twtfsw4s.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-baseline-characteristics-290qys8o.png Table 1. Descriptive Baseline Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/factors-influencing-the-uptake-and-use-of-nicotine-4d5o5cjzke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-short-overview-of-themes-and-findings-24dqxcow.png Table 2.   Short overview of themes and findings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flow-diagram-h5fff2ka.png Figure 1.   Study flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qualitative-findings-matrix-continued-nqw1mlmh.png Table 4.   Qualitative findings matrix  (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qualitative-findings-matrix-2snuxdk9.png Table 4.   Qualitative findings matrix  (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/faecal-calprotectin-in-hiv-infected-haart-naive-ugandan-520xfvbyd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-h-pylori-among-asymptomatic-children-v4xoeovf.png Table 3. Prevalence of H. pylori among asymptomatic children in other parts of the world https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prevalence-of-h-pylori-among-hiv-infected-children-2hrfmnoe.png Table 4. Prevalence of H. pylori among HIV-infected children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-general-paediatric-medical-ward-at-department-of-2x505qnw.png Figure 5. A general paediatric medical ward at Department of Paediatrics, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-methodological-characteristics-strengths-and-2i0licff.png Table 6. Methodological characteristics: Strengths and limitations of the studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-settlement-of-the-kawempe-division-g73osyp3.png Figure 4. Settlement of the Kawempe division https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-confounding-in-a-cross-sectional-survey-2p3j1q3c.png Figure 8. Confounding in a cross-sectional survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-faecal-calprotectin-concentrations-in-apparently-1opeyete.png Table 7. Faecal calprotectin concentrations in apparently healthy children and adults https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rapid-method-for-h-pylori-antigen-detection-54kq0js1.png Figure 6. Rapid method for H. pylori antigen detection https://scispace.com/papers/failure-to-access-prescribed-pharmaceuticals-by-older-4ksb1ab27j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-structures-for-person-year-data-33ddnaek.png Table 2. Sample structures for person-year data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-major-covariates-p-0-05-was-considered-significant-2ppz468k.png Table 5. Major covariates (P < 0.05 was considered significant) ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-per-prescription-copayments-and-annual-safety-net-pgj4cfp0.png Table 1. Per prescription copayments and annual safety net thresholds for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-changes-in-adherence-status-between-non-safety-net-1fo3kqcu.png Table 4. Changes in adherence status between non-safety net and safety net categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-safety-net-categories-and-mean-84cwy6yv.png Table 3. Relationship between safety net categories and mean adherence https://scispace.com/papers/failures-in-contingent-reasoning-the-role-of-uncertainty-29kpvbqmpw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-main-treatments-estimation-output-using-last-5-342q0vdk.png Table 15: Main Treatments: Estimation output using last 5 rounds of part 1 and part 2 for the classification of types https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-distribution-of-prices-by-treatment-in-1947m57h.png Table 11: Distribution of Prices by Treatment (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-main-treatments-estimation-output-using-last-5-2595up6a.png Table 21: Main Treatments: Estimation output using last 5 rounds of part 4 for the classification of types https://scispace.com/figures/table-36-type-classification-in-advisee-treatments-as-of-2piwzf7k.png Table 36: Type Classification in Advisee Treatments [as % of participants]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-37-type-classification-as-of-participants-3r3rcutv.png Table 37: Type Classification [as % of participants] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-screenshots-of-part-1-round-1-2ll0a94y.png Figure 6: Screenshots of Part 1 Round 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-26-deterministic-treatments-main-treatment-parts-1-2-v-lidc6ffd.png Table 26: Deterministic Treatments: Main Treatment (Parts 1 & 2) v. One-Value Treatments (Parts 3 & 4): Estimation output using the classification of types https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-part-1-and-part-2-type-classification-allowing-for-1kz0ijpb.png Table 16: Part 1 and Part 2 Type Classification Allowing for Deviations [as % of participants] https://scispace.com/papers/fake-news-and-metacognition-emotional-contents-enhance-4fjc5zn0bl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-confidence-in-social-judgments-reflects-the-2efwgt9z.png Figure 4. Confidence in social judgments reflects the emotional content of associated headlines, but not the credibility of their source. A. In Phase 2 during the Confidence Task, participants provided one overall judgment on a 5-point scale from positive to negative and subsequently rated their confidence in this judgment for each person. B. Like in the Judgment Task, overall social judgments integrated associated headline content, but not the credibility of the source. C. Confidence was higher for judgments based on emotional content compared to neutral content, but does not reflect the credibility of the source. B. - C. Raincloud plots (Allen et al., 2019) show means and 95% confidence intervals calculated with the summarySEwithin function (Morey, 2008) on single trial data, and points, and distributions for data aggregated by subject. D. Extreme social judgments are made with higher confidence unless they conflict with the associated headline content. Curves depict predicted Confidence as a function of overall social judgment and associated headline content from linear mixed effects models separately run for trusted and distrusted sources for the purpose of this visualization (cf. Table 4 for full model). Shaded error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bayesian-framework-for-the-influence-of-news-vdyt9g4g.png Figure 1. A Bayesian framework for the influence of news headlines on social judgments, confidence and pupil responses. A. News headlines can influence our beliefs about persons and can vary in their emotional content and their source’s credibility. Depicted is the situation where a social belief about a person (face in green cloud) is formed or read out based on information from news (grey clouds, contains information from the headline and about the source). B. Emotional content (negative, neutral, or positive) and source-dependent credibility of headlines (trusted or distrusted) can be jointly represented as a distribution over likely valence of the information. C. Ideally people would take both valence and credibility into account when updating their beliefs about previously unfamiliar persons (here also depicted as probability distributions over social valence). Pre news exposure belief is shown in the prior. D. When reading out the belief as a social judgment, sourcecredibility driven uncertainty can get lost in the social judgment itself, but be reflected in the confidence in that judgment. E. Task-evoked pupillary responses during social judgments can index the cognitive (load hypothesis) or emotional (affect hypothesis) processes underpinning these judgments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-social-judgments-are-sensitive-to-emotional-content-2h9xl0e0.png Figure 3. Social Judgments are sensitive to emotional content, but not source credibility. A. In phase 2, during the judgment task participants judged persons based on the information from Phase 1 on a 5-point scale from positive to negative while their pupil diameters were recorded. Faces were presented for 3.5s. B. Social judgments reflected the associated headline content. C. Judgments were made faster when faces had been associated with emotional content compared to neutral content. D. – F. Pupil dilation during social judgments reflects judgment difficulty. D. Raw time-course of pupil dilation for each content and source credibility (baseline-corrected 0.1 to 0 ms). E. Average pupil diameter between 600 and 3000 ms is larger for neutral compared to emotional content. Shown are raincloud plots (Allen et al., 2019) with means and 95% confidence intervals calculated with the summarySEwithin function (Morey, 2008) on single trial data, and points, and distributions for data aggregated by subject. F. Pupil diameter is larger for distrusted compared to trusted sources of associated neutral content, only. Shown are beta coefficients for the source credibility contrast between 400 and 3000ms after face onset in 200ms bins separately for neutral, negative and positive headline content. The horizonal bar at the bottom of the plot indicates time bins with false-discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p-values < .05. Shaded bands show standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-phases-key-experimental-manipulations-and-dgj7l7zv.png Figure 2. Study phases, key experimental manipulations and results of manipulation checks. The study consisted of three phases as indicated by the tabs on top. For Phase 2 see Fig. 3-4. A . - C. Phase 1, news exposure and manipulation checks. A. Participants were asked to rate the likability of unfamiliar persons before and after news exposure. B. During news exposure, participants viewed websites of trusted and distrusted sources that contained the news media source logo, the face, and the headline with all other details blurred. As in previous studies and similar to everyday life, participants were provided with clearly visible source information via the logo and characteristic layout but were not explicitly instructed to contemplate on the trustworthiness of news. It was shown that in this design, participants look at the source logo during news exposure (Baum & Abdel Rahman, 2020). The assignment of source, face, and headline was counterbalanced across participants. Unfamiliar faces were presented on trusted or distrusted media websites and associated with positive, neutral, or negative headlines. Authentic websites of existing and widely distributed German news media were selected based on their pre-rated high or poor credibility (e.g., Tagesschau or Bild). Comparable English-speaking media are for example The Guardian, NBC News, Fox News, or The Sun C. Headline content successfully influenced person likability. D. - F. Phase 3 media sources checks (D.) confirmed that sources were differentiated in trustworthiness (E.) and likability (F.). C., E. - F. Raincloud plots (Allen et al., 2019) show means and 95% confidence intervals calculated with the summarySEwithin function (Morey, 2008) on single trial data, and points, and distributions for data aggregated by subject. https://scispace.com/papers/false-prophet-or-genuine-savior-assessing-the-effects-of-4ezithx200 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-trade-and-fdi-dependence-on-genuine-37v0clm2.png TABLE 3. Effects of trade and FDI dependence on genuine savings rate controlling for fuel exports and metals and ores exports (PCSE estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-economic-freedom-on-genuine-savings-rate-28f4ngxt.png TABLE 4. Effects of economic freedom on genuine savings rate (PCSE estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-with-ecological-footprints-as-dependent-1m56ec3r.png TABLE 6. Estimation with ecological footprints as dependent variable (random effects GLS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-period-mean-values-of-logged-fdi-stock-horizontal-fg8f8tqe.png FIGURE 2. Period mean values of logged FDI stock (horizontal) and genuine savings rates (vertical axis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-trade-and-fdi-dependence-on-genuine-3txfkm6g.png TABLE 2. Effects of trade and FDI dependence on genuine savings rate in sub-samples of countries (PCSE estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-period-mean-values-of-economic-freedom-horizontal-hm9t14gn.png FIGURE 3. Period mean values of economic freedom (horizontal) and genuine savings rates (vertical axis) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-period-mean-values-of-logged-trade-openness-39l7khad.png FIGURE 1. Period mean values of logged trade openness (horizontal) and genuine savings rates (vertical axis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fixed-effects-estimation-of-genuine-savings-rate-11x3e8bm.png TABLE 5. Fixed effects estimation of genuine savings rate https://scispace.com/papers/families-of-covariance-functions-for-bivariate-random-fields-43mgcetcdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-from-left-to-right-the-bivariate-f-model-with-s21-2stsp9bv.png Figure 3: From left to right: the bivariate F model with σ21 = σ22 = 1, ρ12 = 0.2, α11 = 0.3, α22 = 0.28, α12 = 0.3 and ν1 = 0.5, ν2 = 2.5 ν12 = 3.1. A realization of a bivariate Gaussian random field on the planet Earth with the bivariate covariance models depicted in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/familial-aggregation-of-mucosal-leishmaniasis-in-northeast-3l23pummca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-case-family-cohort-with-control-family-1s7qoy3c.png TABLE 1 Comparison of case family cohort with control family cohort: demograhics, environmental factors, and disease history https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-representative-pedigrees-of-families-with-more-10q9ms0u.png FIGURE 1. Two representative pedigrees of families with more than 1 ML case showing ML patients ( ), CL patients ( ) and DTHpositive individuals without history of disease ( ). All patients with past ML and CL also presented positive DTH skin tests. https://scispace.com/papers/family-firms-and-investments-3ax046x0td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1pq4az49.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sample-means-of-selected-variables-mazfjoa0.png Table 3 SAMPLE MEANS OF SELECTED VARIABLES https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-family-vs-non-family-firms-3b7lpmzf.png Table 2 - CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY VS NON FAMILY FIRMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-family-firms-managed-by-an-individual-low-high-2juurdea.png Table 7 - FAMILY FIRMS MANAGED BY AN INDIVIDUAL: LOW / HIGH CONCENTRATION (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-family-firms-where-trust-and-enforcement-are-high-2q9hm5sw.png Table 6 – FAMILY FIRMS WHERE TRUST AND ENFORCEMENT ARE HIGH/LOW 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-family-firms-in-out-of-group-1-1x80c4ds.png Table 8 - FAMILY FIRMS IN/OUT OF GROUP (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relevance-of-family-firms-in-italy-20340ykh.png Table 1 - RELEVANCE OF FAMILY FIRMS IN ITALY https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-family-firms-and-control-since-foundation-1-1i733eiu.png Table 9 - FAMILY FIRMS AND CONTROL SINCE FOUNDATION 1 https://scispace.com/papers/far-infrared-mapping-of-three-galactic-star-forming-regions-2lrfsno8uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-hires-processediras-mapsfor-a-similar-region-12ugqnj7.png Figure 4. The HIRES processedIRAS mapsfor a similar region aroundS209,asshown in Fig. 3, in thefour bands:- (a) at 12µm with peak= 374Jy/sq.arcmin,(b) at 25µm with peak = 5470Jy/sq.arcmin.(c) at 60 µm with peak= 12300Jy/sq.arcmin.(d) at 100µm with peak = 5830Jy/sq.arcmin.The isophotcontourlevels in (a) are30, 20, 10, 5, 2.5,1 & .5 % of the peak,andin all theotherthreebandsare90, 80, 70, 60, 50 ,40,30, 20, 10, 5, 2.5,1 & .5 % of therespectivepeaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thedistribution-of-dusttemperaturet-148-209-k6nsgibd.png Figure 7. Thedistribution of dusttemperatureT(148/209),andopticaldepthat 200µm, τ200, for the region aroundW3(OH) assuminga dust emissivity law of λ ∝ λ−2. The isotherms correspondto 15K to 36K in stepsof 3K, 40& 45K. Temperaturevaluesaredisplayednearthe contours.Thehighestcontourof τ200 (innermostat thebottom)correspondsto a valueof 0.16 andthesuccessivecontoursrepresentvaluesreducingby factorof 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theintensitymapfor-theregionarounds187in-tifr-2v659jze.png Figure 5. Theintensitymapfor theregionaroundS187in TIFR bandat205µm. Theisophot contourlevelsare90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20& 10% of thepeakintensity(388Jy/sq.arcmin). Thecrossdenotesthepositionof theIRAS PSCsource01202+ 6133(mainsource). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thejournalandotherobservationaldetails-1jf1xb8o.png Table 1. Thejournalandotherobservationaldetails. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-angularresolutionsin-thehiresmaps-cavuho42.png Table 2. Angularresolutionsin theHIRESmaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thehiresprocessediras-mapsfor-3aqgi6un.png Figure 6. TheHIRESprocessedIRAS mapsfor asimilarregionaroundS187,asshown in Fig. 5, in thefour bands:– (a) at 12 µm with peak= 48.8Jy/sq.arcmin,(b) at 25 µm with peak= 557Jy/sq.arcmin,(c) at 60µm with peak= 754Jy/sq.arcmin,(d) at 100µm with peak= 460 Jy/sq.arcmin.Theisophotcontourlevelsin (a)are30,20,10,5, 2.5& 1%of thepeak(thepeak is outsidetheregion displayedhere)andin (b), (c) & (d) are90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10, 5, 2.5,& 1%of therespectivepeaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theintensitymapsfor-theregion-aroundw3-oh-in-tifr-3suyd5dz.png Figure 1. Theintensitymapsfor theregion aroundW3(OH) in TIFR bands:– (a) at 148µm with peak= 3059Jy/sq.arcmin,(b) at 209 µm with peak= 2101Jy/sq.arcmin.The isophot contourlevelsin both(a)and(b) are90,70,50,40,30,20,10,5, 2.5,1 & .5 % of therespective peaks.Thecrossesdenotethepositionsof theIRAS PSCsources02232+ 6138(mainsource) & 02236+ 6142. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thedistribution-of-dusttemperaturet-138-205-rotmsda8.png Figure 8. Thedistribution of dusttemperatureT(138/205),andopticaldepthat 200µm, τ200, for theregion aroundS209assuminga dustemissivity law of λ ∝ λ−2. Theisothermsreferto thesametemperaturesasin Fig. 7. Theτ200 contoursrepresent100,75,50,25 & 12.5% of the peakvalueof 0.67. https://scispace.com/papers/farm-size-and-participation-in-agri-environmental-measures-2l9631oq4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-slovenian-farm-structure-evolution-2003-2013-2iudx1es.png Table 3 Slovenian farm structure evolution (2003-2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-the-farm-size-specific-logit-models-for-2bn5w2h4.png Table 8 Results of the farm-size-specific logit models for participation in agri-environmental measures (AEMs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-breeding-animals-in-slovenia-2013-1u16vtoe.png Table 2 Breeding animals in Slovenia (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-description-of-the-used-slovenian-fadn-dataset-2004-31rpaekz.png Table 5 Description of the used Slovenian FADN dataset (2004-2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-agri-environmental-measures-aems-and-payments-per-ha-k1yut2xi.png Table 4 Agri-environmental measures (AEMs) and payments per ha in Slovenia (2007-2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-participation-in-agri-environmental-measures-aems-in-3sm2hxpe.png Table 7 Participation in agri-environmental measures (AEMs) in Slovenia, by farm size divisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-2004-2010-17b2g7iv.png Table 6 Descriptive statistics (2004-2010) https://scispace.com/papers/farm-management-implications-of-reducing-agricultural-17f14co892 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-insect-control-costs-per-acre-usual-input-practices-278ibyrd.png Table 3: Insect control costs per acre, usual input.practices, Mississippi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-cost-and-net-return-per-acre-3-production-1jmam47k.png Table 1. Estimated cost and net return per acre, 3 production situations, cotton, usual input practices, 6 row equipment, Mississippi, 1976. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weed-control-costs-per-acre-usual-inputp-ractices-3w2bg28o.png Table 2. Weed control costs per acre, usual inputP,ractices, sandy soil, 6-row equipment, Mississippi Delta, 1976. https://scispace.com/papers/farmer-direct-selling-the-role-of-regional-factors-1wh5hoe2er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-linear-probability-model-for-direct-sale-18nxqjfm.png Table 2. Multilevel linear probability model for direct sale: farm-level variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-of-the-analysis-1pfz97ra.png Figure 1 Conceptual framework of the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multilevel-linear-probability-model-for-direct-sale-nlq5e4be.png Table 3. Multilevel linear probability model for direct sale: farm-type specific coefficients. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-and-exact-fiber-surfaces-for-tetrahedral-meshes-znkyjzc58l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantitative-comparison-with-6-for-varying-raster-4vtsd7qw.png TABLE 3 Quantitative comparison with [6] for varying raster resolutions (EthaneDiol data-set). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-six-rotationally-and-sign-symmetric-base-cases-for-27fl5l8s.png Fig. 7. Six rotationally and sign symmetric base cases for fiber clipping within one triangle. The clipped fiber surface is shown in blue. Plus denotes a vertex with 1< t, and minus t < 0. An empty circle denotes a vertex with 0≤ t ≤ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-screen-capture-of-our-real-time-fiber-surface-3qvtzpgj.png Fig. 12. Screen capture of our real-time fiber surface exploration user interface (left: fiber surface, right: continuous scatter plot and FSCP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fiber-surface-texturing-a-continuous-scatter-plot-b-3mw82zs5.png Fig. 8. Fiber surface texturing. (a) Continuous scatter plot. (b) Fiber surface segmented on a per FSCP edge basis (matching colors with (a)). (c) Employed textures. (d) The fiber-base texturing of the fiber surface provides further visual insights about the relation of the fibers constituting the surface and the corresponding points in the range, indicating possible transitions in the topology of fibers, (e) and (f). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-time-performance-comparison-with-6-measured-in-1xd4q7wc.png TABLE 4 Time performance comparison with [6] (measured in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-speedup-of-our-parallel-algorithm-as-a-function-of-jwdwnzau.png Fig. 10. Speedup of our parallel algorithm as a function of the number of threads on the up-sampled Engine data sets (285,927,495 tets). Each colored curve (continuous scatter plot, bottom right, X: scalar field, Y: gradient magnitude) corresponds to the fiber surface of the matching color (top left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-configurations-inaccurately-processed-by-a-fiber-aw7amf7c.png Fig. 4. Configurations inaccurately processed by a fiber surface extraction based on a signed distance field [6] (top: range, bottom: domain). Left: an FSCP bend lies inside a tetrahedron (black sphere). The resulting distance field yields a 0 level-set inaccurately capturing the fiber surface. Center: FSCP edges completely included inside a tetrahedron result in a distance field which yields an empty 0 level set. Right: an FSCP enters multiple times a tetrahedron. The corresponding distance field yields a 0 level-set which not only poorly approximates the fiber surface geometry but which also misses some connected components (blue and yellow). https://scispace.com/papers/fast-automated-multi-criteria-planning-for-hdr-brachytherapy-2ucfjcp8qq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constraints-and-objectives-in-clinical-planning-in-jcasaugq.png Table 1. Constraints and objectives in clinical planning in percentage of the prescribed dose Dp . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-applied-wish-list-for-prostate-hdr-bt-all-dose-3c8zohvl.png Table 2. Applied wish-list for prostate HDR-BT. All dose levels are in percentage of Dp . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numbers-of-dose-optimisation-points-considered-in-3kwli35y.png Table 3. Numbers of dose optimisation points considered in the plan optimisations for prostate HDR-BT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-dosimetric-plan-parameters-between-2vo7zxhj.png Table 4. Comparison of dosimetric plan parameters between clinical plans and autoplans. Doses for the OARs are given in percentages of Dp . https://scispace.com/papers/fast-composition-planning-of-owl-s-services-and-application-48qyenc70z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-plan-quality-2v9qsedv.png Figure 6. Average plan quality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-owls-xplan-overview-hdi1s8th.png Figure 1. OWLS-XPlan overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mobile-health-scallops-gui-part-of-1s2c76mc.png Figure 11. Mobile Health-SCALLOPS GUI (part of) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-secure-health-scallops-service-composition-1d24wke3.png Figure 12: Secure Health-SCALLOPS service composition planning (overview) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xplan-planning-module-21l3i2x2.png Figure 2. XPlan planning module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-completeness-2hdpw7tg.png Figure 4. Completeness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xplan-planning-step-example-a-create-relaxed-wfc0z8s5.png Figure 3. XPlan planning step example: (a) Create relaxed planning graph RPG, (b) extract relaxed plan RP from RPG, (c) Select heuristically optimal helpful action (bold green) as action in the plan sequence; h(RP) = Number of actions in the relaxed plan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-owls-xplan-graphical-user-interface-1-1wwf75zm.png Figure 8. OWLS-XPlan graphical user interface (1) https://scispace.com/papers/fast-failure-localization-in-all-optical-networks-with-nhio54ivx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-performance-of-the-proposed-bea-algorithm-in-3jfha6t2.png Fig. 3: The performance of the proposed BEA algorithm in comparison with the TSCU Bound on random network topologies with 55 edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fast-link-failure-localization-based-on-m-trails-vxhtw1i4.png Fig. 1: Fast link failure localization based on m-trails. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-m-trails-for-ufl-in-real-network-topologies-1jqko0l1.png Fig. 4: Number of m-trails for UFL in real network topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-modified-pascals-triangle-3pvw3vhm.png TABLE I: Modified Pascal’s triangle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-chart-of-bea-2rlg1g99.png Fig. 2: State-chart of BEA https://scispace.com/papers/fast-fourier-transform-based-diagnostics-for-spectral-5evslkihpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-time-resolved-frequency-spectra-of-mm-wave-1xjhx87d.png Figure 1 Plot of time-resolved frequency spectra of mm-wave radiation in the TEXTOR Tokamak, shot number 108086. The DED is used to move the magnetic island slightly back-and-fourth through the observation region with a frequency of about 2 Hz. The thin yellow/green lines in the 139.8 GHz range are the reflections on the plasma of the gyrotron and one of its harmonics. The gyrotron signals are being suppressed more than 120 dB. The frequency resolution is 0.2 MHz with a time resolution of 1 ms. The dynamic range of signal power exceeds 60 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-incremental-maintenance-of-approximate-histograms-4qhcblvt84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-of-skew-in-the-updates-i6sgz6oy.png Figure 11: Effect of skew in the updates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-range-errors-compressed-histograms-3t5iqpdz.png Figure 10: range errors (Compressed histograms) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hb-errors-compressed-histograms-3sterqvy.png Figure 9: hb errors (Compressed histograms) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-on-the-number-of-recomputations-3l8wd5pt.png Figure 4: Effect of on the number of recomputations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-update-sampling-3havymae.png Figure 5: Effect of update sampling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-range-errors-equidepth-histograms-2qf69xd5.png Figure 8: range errors (equidepth histograms) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-and-recomputation-on-ed-errors-bh6sgrhg.png Figure 3: Effect of and recomputation on ed errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ed-errors-equi-depth-histograms-2uqshul1.png Figure 6: ed errors (equi-depth histograms) https://scispace.com/papers/fast-marching-and-acoustic-descriptors-based-method-for-fish-56c56dwkk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-horse-mackerel-proportion-map-2la8f7u6.png Figure 9. Horse Mackerel proportion map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sprat-proportion-map-2u1lpix8.png Figure 10. Sprat proportion map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-echogram-example-movies-software-jamnixqy.png Figure 1. An echogram example (MOVIES software) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-notations-1q81qyps.png Figure 2. Notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-monospecific-case-20lfm7on.png Figure 3.4 monospecific case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6bispecific-case-2re1dy7k.png Figure 4 . 6bispecific case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sardine-proportion-map-3o3lg6eu.png Figure 5. Sardine proportion map https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-estimation-error-rate-for-each-specie-proportion-and-1pqzyf8t.png Table I. Estimation error rate for each specie proportion and for each example. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-oxidation-processes-from-emission-to-ambient-air-15sl0icyv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-from-emission-until-close-field-of-the-3ik82tj1.png Figure 4. Evolution from emission until close field of the ratio of the sum of Acenaphthene OPAH derivatives/ Acenaphthene (ΣOPAHs[Acenaphthene]/ Acenaphthene) (A) and Phenanthrene OPAH derivatives/Phenanthrene (ΣOPAHs[Phenanthrene]/Phenanthrene) (B) (gaseous + particulate phases). The error bars correspond to the standard deviation for the duplicate experiments in nominal output condition, and for both measurement methods (M1 and M2) used in VCF. Y-axis is in log scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-emission-factors-of-opahs-mg-kg-1-dry-mass-2qntrljh.png Table 3. Average emission factors of OPAHs (mg kg-1, dry mass basis) for both RWS (4* and 5*) in nominal and reduced output conditions. Measurements performed at the emission sampling location https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-emission-factors-of-npahs-mg-kg-1-dry-mass-3hv7fwsp.png Table 4. Average emission factors of NPAHs (mg kg-1, dry mass basis) for both RWS (4* and 5*) in nominal and reduced output conditions. Measurements performed at the emission sampling location https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratio-ratio-plot-for-the-evaluation-of-pah-sources-29dnzada.png Figure 3. Ratio-ratio plot for the evaluation of PAH sources. Application to the results taking into account the particulate phase only (A) and both, gaseous and particulate phases (B). M1 and M2: two measurement methods carried out in parallel in VCF, heated emission sampling train and Partisol sampler, respectively. The error bars show the standard deviations for the duplicate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pah-a-opah-b-and-npah-c-gas-particle-partitioning-1t85dqhw.png Figure 1. PAH (A), OPAH (B) and NPAH (C) gas/particle partitioning evolution from emission until close field according to their molecular weight (5* RWS, nominal output). Results in VCF from the heated emission sampling train measurement method. Note, in this graphical representation, that there is no link between the compounds on the X-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-wood-burning-experiment-conditions-3ljo1ieq.png Table 1. Summary of the wood burning experiment conditions and concentrations of PM2.5 (concentrations on dry gas basis 95 calculated for normal conditions and at actual O2 concentration levels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-from-emission-until-close-field-of-the-284plisj.png Figure 5. Evolution from emission until close field of the individual ratios of Acenaphthene OPAH or NPAH derivatives/Acenaphthene (A) and Naphthalene OPAH or NPAH derivatives/Naphthalene (B) for the 5* RWS in nominal output conditions. The error bars correspond to the standard deviation for the duplicate experiments in nominal output conditions and for both measurement methods (M1 and M2) used in VCF. Y-axis is in log scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-equivalent-emission-factor-of-2pwqbj47.png Figure 2. Comparison of the equivalent emission factor of PAHs (EF 37PAHs) (A), OPAHs (EF 27OPAHs) (B)and NPAHs (EF 31NPAHs) (C) (mg kg -1) from emission until close field for both RWS and combustions conditions (nominal and reduced outputs). The error bars correspond to the standard deviation for the duplicate experiments in nominal output conditions. Note that the Y-axis is split. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-poisson-solvers-for-graphics-processing-units-4t2l3uc2rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-permutation-pattern-during-the-first-stage-of-the-3genbx9k.png Fig. 1. The permutation pattern during the first stage of the tridiagonal system solver. The work group size is four. The numbers correspond to the row indexes. The row indexes highlighted with dotted rectangles are shared between the work-items using the local memory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-radix-4-bcr-run-time-comparison-between-intel-core-i7-3fs2neet.png Fig. 5. Radix-4 BCR run time comparison between Intel Core i7 quad-core CPU and Nvidia GeForce GTX580 GPU, with and without initial RAM to VRAM transfer (I/O), n1 = n2 = n3 = n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-run-time-comparison-between-the-radix-2-bcr-and-radix-2oy7ozur.png Fig. 4. Run time comparison between the radix-2 BCR and radix-4 BCR methods, three-dimensional case, n1 = n2 = n3 = n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-run-time-comparison-between-the-radix-2-and-radix-4-1biwlp9r.png Fig. 3. Run time comparison between the radix-2 and radix-4 BCR methods, twodimensional case, n1 = n2 = n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-permutation-pattern-during-the-second-stage-of-the-38pi9zjb.png Fig. 2. The permutation pattern during the second stage of the tridiagonal system solver. The work group size is four. The numbers correspond to the row indexes. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-rna-structure-alignment-for-crossing-input-structures-1fnlngid7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-visualization-of-the-recurrence-cases-the-arc-3fs1lesu.png Figure 5: Visualization of the recurrence cases. The arc bounding the gray area denotes hchild(p). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-two-structures-for-the-sequence-uvelaf9p.png Figure 1: (a) Two structures for the sequence AAACAAACACAGGGGUUUUUGUUUUGUU with similar free energy. The stem in the second sequence is shifted by 5 nucleotides. (b) Associated base-pair probability matrix (upper triangle) and minimum free energy structure (lower triangle). The shifted stem is indicated by two parallel diagonals, a pattern often seen in RNA-structures. (c) Both nested structures together form a 5-crossing structure. Note that this structure forms a two-page embedding (or is 2-colorable, as it is called in [18]), but our approach is not restricted to this class of structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-recurrence-for-the-table-lpi-j-27pvrfjd.png Figure 10: Recurrence for the table Lpi′,j′ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-recurrence-for-the-table-mpl-i-j-2w35q9ii.png Figure 9: Recurrence for the table MpL,i′,j′ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-recurrence-for-the-table-mpr-i-j-qkqzyamw.png Figure 11: Recurrence for the table MpR,i,j . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-computation-order-of-the-tables-lpi-j-and-r-p-i-j-x33q48mc.png Figure 8: Computation order of the tables Lpi′,j′ and R p i,j for all p ∈ P . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visualization-of-the-domains-for-the-different-3kxcrae9.png Figure 3: Visualization of the domains for the different tables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-recurrence-for-the-table-rpi-j-1mblzyyl.png Figure 12: Recurrence for the table Rpi,j . https://scispace.com/papers/fast-similarity-join-for-multi-dimensional-data-4bqllmqv8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-join-4d-real-data-2koieot5.png Fig. 16. Join 4D real data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-4-estimation-of-total-join-time-n-10-190-2jzohyhz.png Fig. A.4. Estimation of total join time, n ∈ [10, 190] https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-parameters-used-for-e-join-1p3lvmrm.png Table A.1 Parameters used for ε-join https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-join-3d-real-data-27wt9jkg.png Fig. 11. Join 3D real data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-join-4d-uniform-data-performance-relative-to-jrsj-2ncefka6.png Fig. 10. Join 4D uniform data, performance relative to JRSJ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-join-4d-uniform-data-with-jrsj-3ksxwovo.png Fig. 9. Join 4D uniform data, with JRSJ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-5-estimation-of-total-join-time-n-70-80-2ux6ohmc.png Fig. A.5. Estimation of total join time, n ∈ [70, 80] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-3-estimation-with-polynomial-for-add-phase-2o1imabz.png Fig. A.3. Estimation with polynomial for add phase https://scispace.com/papers/fast-reroute-on-programmable-switches-21t1uakoti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fast-greedy-example-2s8abwah.png Figure 8: FAST-GREEDY example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hierarchical-example-2jwe3rwc.png Figure 7: HIERARCHICAL example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-between-purr-and-recirculation-frr-1joxtavy.png Figure 15: Comparison between PURR and RECIRCULATION FRR primitives under 1 and 2 link failures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-tcam-memory-bits-and-processing-1c028r10.png Figure 11: Comparison of TCAM memory bits and processing times with respect to the number of sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-topology-used-for-simulated-evaluation-30t8berr.png Figure 14: Topology used for simulated evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-b-fast-greedy-with-frr-sequences-of-size-k-c-1i9fhroz.png Figure 12: (a-b) FAST-GREEDY with FRR sequences of size k. (c) Memory savings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-b-fast-greedy-with-frr-sequences-of-size-k-c-25w6lgob.png Figure 13: (a-b) FAST-GREEDY with FRR sequences of size k. (c) Comparing random and tree [25] sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-fct-and-throughput-of-the-large-flows-normalized-k9392v8x.png Figure 16: FCT and throughput of the large flows normalized with respect to the PURR FRR primitive. https://scispace.com/papers/fatigue-crack-growth-assessment-method-subject-to-model-1m4y83fa6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-adjusted-of-four-types-of-deterministic-fcg-models-2lw6muvl.png Table 5 Adjusted- of four types of deterministic FCG models. Deterministic FCG model Power function Polynomial function Rational function Function based on curve fitting technique Adjusted- 0.8710 0.8758 0.8924 0.8925 https://scispace.com/papers/fatty-acid-composition-of-mouse-lipids-and-lipoproteins-4pcaa7vb6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iil-ucrl-9521-22u4cz6f.png TABLE IIl UCRL-9521 https://scispace.com/papers/fatty-acid-compositions-of-olive-oils-from-six-cultivars-4vpdj5k9d0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-origins-of-algerian-olive-oils-3p3cs91v.png Figure 1: Geographical Origins of Algerian Olive Oils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-morphogramme-comparaison-between-blanquette-oil-red-21hrl51p.png Figure 3: “Morphogramme” Comparaison between Blanquette Oil (red) and Chétoui Oil (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fatty-acid-compositions1-of-six-algerian-virgin-3m6x1mdt.png Table 1: Fatty Acid Compositions1 of Six Algerian Virgin Olive Oils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-morphogrammes-from-oils-of-six-algerian-cultivars-2mcqit42.png Figure 2: “Morphogrammes” from Oils of Six Algerian Cultivars. https://scispace.com/papers/fault-diagnosis-for-nonlinear-aircraft-based-on-control-3ik36ul5yx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scenario-2-1h8ev4of.png Fig. 5. Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scenario-1-1e54qmgp.png Fig. 4. Scenario 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-failed-interception-trajectories-10za1zff.png Fig. 3. Failed-interception trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-missile-scheme-in-body-frame-1gaq30zt.png Fig. 1. Missile scheme in body frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-7cyhev3e.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fault-scenarios-115od6ys.png TABLE II FAULT SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vehicle-loop-and-residual-generation-34ng2c9b.png Fig. 2. Vehicle loop and residual generation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scenario-3-1pb52bvf.png Fig. 6. Scenario 3 https://scispace.com/papers/fault-tolerant-operation-of-six-phase-energy-conversion-3o22wk3qo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-results-in-the-test-with-a-speed-change-343f1nyv.png Fig. 6: Experimental results in the test with a speed change from 800 to 600 rpm (post-fault). From top to bottom: motor speed, d-q currents, 𝑥 ′-𝑦′ currents and degree of unbalance k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-results-for-the-load-removal-transient-at-1e6118z9.png Fig. 7: Experimental results for the load removal transient at 700 rpm (pre-fault). From top to bottom: motor speed, d-q currents and 𝑥 ′-𝑦′ currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-results-in-the-pre-to-post-fault-1bshvkzv.png Fig. 4: Experimental results in the pre- to post-fault transition at 800 rpm. From top to bottom: motor speed, degree of unbalance k, d-q currents, 𝑥 ′-𝑦′ currents and phase currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-results-in-the-test-with-a-speed-change-2p6oqagq.png Fig. 5: Experimental results in the test with a speed change from 800 to 600 rpm (pre-fault). From top to bottom: motor speed, d-q currents and 𝑥 ′-𝑦′ currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-field-oriented-control-foc-of-the-six-phase-induction-jpend04v.png Fig. 2: Field oriented control (FOC)of the six-phase induction machine with synchronous d-q current control and anti-synchronous x-y current control (left) and x’-y’ current reference calculation (right) in a) Pre-fault situation with independent BTB topology (Fig.1a), b) Pre-fault situation with cascaded topology (Fig. 1b) and c) Post-fault condition for either independent BTB or cascaded topologies. Applies to the case of paralleled converters for each three-phase winding at the machine’s side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-results-for-the-load-removal-transient-at-1g9nh37k.png Fig. 8: Experimental results for the load removal transient at 700 rpm (post-fault). From top to bottom: motor speed, d-q currents, 𝑥 ′-𝑦′ currents and degree of unbalance k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-bench-used-for-the-experimental-results-1xdueu5o.png Fig. 3: Test bench used for the experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiphase-energy-conversion-topologies-a-independent-2zsq9r20.png Fig. 1: Multiphase energy conversion topologies: a) Independent BTB VSC modules, b) Series connection of VSCs and c) Parallel connection of VSCs. https://scispace.com/papers/fault-diagnosis-using-a-timed-discrete-event-approach-based-3nnammu3wt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-diagram-of-the-fault-diagnosis-system-1b44bhwm.png Fig. 6. Block diagram of the fault diagnosis system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-time-evolution-of-the-residuals-their-adaptive-1u8apll3.png Fig. 14. Time evolution of the residuals, their adaptive thresholds and the associated fault detection indicator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-time-evolution-of-factorsensitj-and-factortimej-3i6n1j44.png Fig. 12. Time evolution of factorsensitj and factortimej related to all fault hypotheses of the set fy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-isolation-of-a-fault-affecting-l4-using-a-timed-lts-1vcr6iag.png Fig. 13. Isolation of a fault affecting L4 using a Timed LTS model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-time-evolution-of-the-fault-isolation-result-given-by-2rpmqjbd.png Fig. 15. Time evolution of the fault isolation result given by the binary approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-mechanical-treatment-unit-to-grind-and-3tqvgxw3.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the mechanical treatment unit to grind and classify a mineral flow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-time-evolution-of-the-residuals-and-their-adaptive-2tcnjrey.png Fig. 11. Time evolution of the residuals and their adaptive thresholds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-limnimeter-fault-isolation-based-on-a-timed-lts-257k5r1u.png Fig. 10. Limnimeter fault isolation based on a timed LTS https://scispace.com/papers/favourable-antibody-responses-to-human-coronaviruses-in-4kwl19t97f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-igg-antibodies-to-oc43-and-sars-cov-2-u7s9mpps.png Table 1. Prevalence of IgG antibodies to OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 spikes in JIA, JDM and JSLE patients. https://scispace.com/papers/faune-et-flore-des-niveaux-profonds-de-shahi-tump-f2ty4qdxvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phalange-proximale-de-bos-taurus-eclatee-pour-en-3cjeabqy.png Fig. 5 – Phalange proximale de Bos taurus, éclatée pour en extraire la moelle (période I, chantier I, n° 303 C23-B). https://scispace.com/papers/feasibility-and-cost-analysis-of-implementing-high-intensity-3kbkklg0kl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-within-group-differences-between-pre-and-post-2gulv0uh.png Table 4 Mean within group differences between pre and post treatment for Spoken Language and Disability Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-cost-of-treatment-per-client-and-pro-rata-cost-31lkkngd.png Table 4 Mean within group differences between pre and post treatment for Spoken Language and Disability Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-organisational-outcome-measures-15wy2vcw.png Table 2 Summary of organisational outcome measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-participants-with-aphasia-1n3clxdl.png Table 1. Demographics of participants with aphasia https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-organisational-outcomes-used-to-calculate-cost-31zyqw1q.png Table 5 Mean organisational outcomes used to calculate cost of service https://scispace.com/papers/feasibility-of-a-resonance-based-planet-nine-search-55bnh2yi58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-range-of-semimajor-axis-and-maximum-apsidal-36quava0.png Figure 3. The range of semimajor axis and maximum apsidal libration width exhibited in simulations by apsidally confined objects in specific resonances, across simulations featuring a range of Planet Nine eccentricities e9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-distributions-of-the-semimajor-axis-a9-iccg52ik.png Figure 6. Two distributions of the semimajor axis a9, illustrating the difference invoked by considering the prior distribution of period ratios developed from the twodimensional simulations in this work. Left:distribution developed by Millholland & Laughlin (2017). In constructing this distribution, the period ratios of observed objects were assumed to follow the distribution of the Farey sequence F5 of period ratios having denominator 5, with all such period ratios assumed equally likely. Right:distribution developed assuming the updated period ratio distribution. For details about the procedure invoked to produce these distributions, see Millholland & Laughlin (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-period-ratio-with-planet-nine-of-objects-in-bh9ur9tg.png Figure 7. Mean period ratio with Planet Nine of objects in full threedimensional simulations, sampled in 1 Myr intervals. Objects surviving the 4 Gyr simulation, with perihelion distance q>30 and semimajor axis a>250 au, were considered. These simulations included all canonical giant planets of the solar system, in addition to Planet Nine. In order to avoid sampling the mean semimajor axis at p. . of a test particle during scattering events, time intervals having > + ( )a amax 30 aut p t p. . . . were excluded. A predominance of objects occupying any particular resonance is evidently lacking. The result was not sensitively dependent on the duration of time averaging. This example suggests that the lessened predominance of low-order resonances in the high-eccentricity case of Planet Nine, demonstrated in the two-dimensional simulations of this work, continues to hold relevance in the realistic fully inclined case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-examples-of-resonant-angles-j-j1l-fl9-j3p-j4p9-1okgv9c3.png Figure 1. Four examples of resonant angles j=j1λ+Fλ9+j3ϖ+j4ϖ9, for a variety of resonances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trajectories-in-semimajor-axis-and-longitude-of-2wxzfmin.png Figure 2. Trajectories in semimajor axis and longitude of perihelion offset Δϖ for all bodies surviving the entire 4 Gyr duration of simulations including a 10M⊕ Planet Nine with a9=600 au. The anti-aligned population (dark blue) is distinguished from other bodies (light blue) by libration inΔϖ. Furthermore, the approximate radius below which confinement does not occur is typically lower than the perihelion distance q9 of Planet Nine (green). Each plot corresponds to the result for a specific eccentricity e9 of Planet Nine. Among simulations having an eccentric Planet Nine, several low-order resonances are preferentially occupied, including the 1/2, 1/1, 3/2, and 2/1 resonances. However, predominantly occupied are a variety of high-order resonances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-with-discrete-bins-showing-the-number-of-1x0r5eeu.png Figure 4. Histogram with discrete bins showing the number of objects in each occupied resonance, for a range of Planet Nine eccentricities. Each bin is located at the exact commensurability ascertained by identification of resonant angles for objects. Note the close spacing of occupied high-order resonances. Beyond the axis bound, single objects at the 10/1, 11/1, 13/3, 13/4, 20/1, and 22/7 commensurabilities were also identified. The colored lines in the lower plot delineate the locations of commensurabilities predicted by Malhotra et al. (2016) (i.e., with Sedna at the interior 3/2 resonance), with 1-σ observational error bars. Due to observational error in the KBO semimajor axes and the close spacing of occupied high-order resonances, we find there is no clear preference for this as opposed to many other resonant configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-motivatedbytheemphasisby-malhotra-et-al-1yc039gm.png Figure 5. Probability, motivatedbytheemphasisby Malhotra et al. (2016) on N/1 and N/2 period ratios that a chosen synthetic particle has a period ratio = Î +( )P P N N19 (blue), or a period ratio N/1 or N/2 (red). In particular, the probability that any six independently chosen objects will all have such period ratios is Î <( { })P P N N1, 2 0.059 6 , highlighting the prevalence of high-order resonances expected in the high-eccentricity case of Planet Nine. https://scispace.com/papers/feasibility-study-on-cctv-aware-routing-and-navigation-for-1byiqh2x6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-route-id-2-privacy-first-with-15m-radius-model-32pif39c.png Fig. 16. Route ID 2 – privacy-first with 15m radius model, distance 2.3km https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-route-id-2-safety-first-with-10m-radius-model-yvbn5r2f.png Fig. 14. Route ID 2 – safety-first with 10m radius model, distance 460m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-route-id-1-privacy-first-with-25m-radius-model-17sxmr44.png Fig. 13. Route ID 1 – privacy-first with 25m radius model, distance 3.9km. (notes: VI– 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-route-id-2-privacy-first-with-10m-radius-model-2u8g3m3j.png Fig. 15. Route ID 2 – privacy-first with 10m radius model, distance 480m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-route-id-4-safety-first-with-10m-radius-model-distance-c90afcev.png Fig. 4. Route ID 4 – safety-first with 10m radius model, distance 710m https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-routing-cases-and-experimental-results-3e9k9gcw.png TABLE I. SUMMARY OF ROUTING CASES AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR THE DOWNTOWN OF JYVÄSKYLÄ, FINLAND. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-route-id-1-privacy-first-with-10m-radius-model-1l4q0dp2.png Fig. 11. Route ID 1 – privacy-first with 10m radius model, distance 1.1km https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-route-id-1-privacy-first-with-15m-radius-model-2opn22xp.png Fig. 12. Route ID 1 – privacy-first with 15m radius model, distance 1.3km https://scispace.com/papers/feature-extraction-for-emotion-recognition-and-modelling-50xbyl6sa0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eeg-brain-wave-bands-55cljw3f.png TABLE 1. EEG BRAIN WAVE BANDS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-accuracies-using-a-power-density-solvactt.png TABLE 4. CLASSIFICATION ACCURACIES USING A POWER DENSITY-BASED FEATURE VECTOR DERIVED FROM α, β , δ AND θ WAVES https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-classification-accuracies-using-hoc-based-feature-2gx0ag98.png TABLE 5. CLASSIFICATION ACCURACIES USING HOC-BASED FEATURE VECTOR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-average-power-bands-with-bipartition-124ga71h.png Figure 2. Comparison of Average Power Bands with Bipartition-based Valence and Arousal Selection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mapping-from-sam-scale-value-ranges-to-tripartition-2psd1re1.png Figure 1. Mapping from SAM scale value ranges to Tripartition Scheme Labels (Low, Medium, High) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-accuracies-using-statistics-based-2s1ws50n.png TABLE 2. CLASSIFICATION ACCURACIES USING STATISTICS-BASED FEATURE VECTORS DERIVED FROM PREPROCESSED EEG SIGNALS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-classification-accuracies-using-statistics-based-ch9au63x.png TABLE 3. CLASSIFICATION ACCURACIES USING STATISTICS-BASED FEATURE VECTOR DERIVED FROM α, β , δ AND θ WAVES https://scispace.com/papers/female-labor-supply-differences-by-sexual-orientation-a-semi-3nhom3seak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-annual-hours-of-work-by-sexual-2bbqjujc.png Table 3. Determinants of Annual Hours of Work by Sexual Orientation and Earner Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dinardo-fortin-and-lemieux-decomposition-for-annual-lc1k4h8e.png Table 4. DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux Decomposition for Annual Hours by Earner Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-labor-force-attachment-and-the-distribution-of-29andp2j.png Table 5. Labor Force Attachment and the Distribution of Conditional Annual Hours by Sexual Orientation and Earner Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-hours-labor-force-attachment-children-wage-ptr11em6.png Table 1. Annual Hours, Labor Force Attachment, Children, Wage and Non-Labor Income by Sexual Orientation and Earner Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dfl-results-for-labor-force-attachment-and-the-2p2kccdv.png Table 6. DFL Results for Labor Force Attachment and the Distribution of Conditional Annual Hours By Earner Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-hours-by-presence-of-children-in-the-vgj8affl.png Table 2. Annual Hours by Presence of Children in the Household, Sexual Orientation, and Earner Status https://scispace.com/papers/female-reproductive-function-after-treatment-of-childhood-3w7l0mtm6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-characteristics-of-subjects-in-the-total-all-2xbngl41.png TABLE 1 Basic characteristics of subjects in the total ALL survivor group, two treatment subgroups (CT only and CT+RT), and control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3ovd3t9d.png TABLE 1 Basic characteristics of subjects in the total ALL survivor group, two treatment subgroups (CT only and CT+RT), and control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-first-pregnancy-rates-among-the-subgroup-of-study-3nhygdfz.png TABLE 2 First pregnancy rates among the subgroup of study participants who are/have been at risk of pregnancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hormonal-and-ultrasound-characteristics-of-study-1kjm4bxe.png TABLE 5 Hormonal and ultrasound characteristics of study participants in the total ALL survivor group, two treatment subgroups (CT only and CT+RT), and control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pregnancy-outcomes-of-first-pregnancy-among-study-1bce5uld.png TABLE 3 Pregnancy outcomes of first pregnancy among study participants in the total ALL survivor group, two treatment subgroups (CT only and CT+RT), and control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-self-reported-reproductive-characteristics-of-study-1bm53w9u.png TABLE 4 Self-reported reproductive characteristics of study participants in the total ALL survivor group, two treatment subgroups (CT only and CT+RT), and control group https://scispace.com/papers/femtosecond-laser-machining-and-lamination-for-large-area-lfspe4w2be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flexible-microfluidic-passive-device-composed-of-two-jt3t2623.png Fig. 2: Flexible microfluidic passive device composed of two polyester foils, one foil with through-holes structured by femtosecond laser ablation and a cover foil laminated on top of the previous one and bonded with epoxy dry SU8 resist: a) photograph of the laminated assembly; b) SEM close-up picture of the bonded foils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-polyester-foil-cut-using-femtosecond-laser-a-3c0tkz9z.png Fig. 1: Polyester foil cut using femtosecond laser; a) photograph of the series of channels with reservoir in the flexible foil; b ) SEM close-up view of the 50 µm wide microchannel and 1 mm diameter reservoir patterns cut through the whole depth of the foil. https://scispace.com/papers/female-responses-to-isolated-signals-from-multimodal-male-5cf2d5m46f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-male-foreleg-morphologies-and-female-responses-in-2nm5m7et.png Table 1. Male foreleg morphologies and female responses in six species of Schizocosa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-female-schizocosa-responses-to-sensory-stimuli-s-3orrezx1.png Figure 2. Female Schizocosa responses to sensory stimuli: S. duplex (N = 9), purely vibrational courtship, S. uetzi (N = 10), vibration plus a slight leg arch, S. stridulans (N = 8), vibration plus leg tapping and S. crassipes (N = 12), vibration plus rapid leg waving. Shared letters indicate no significant difference between sensory stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-arenas-a-visual-cues-only-b-vibration-w4wv1fq3.png Figure 1. Experimental arenas. (a) visual cues only, (b) vibration cues only, and (c) visual and vibration cues together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-combined-cladogram-from-mcclintock-uetz-1996-and-3g8f6whh.png Figure 3. Combined cladogram from McClintock & Uetz (1996) and Stratton et al. (1996) showing phylogenetic relationships between selected species of Schizocosa. *Indicates that the presence or absence of a vibration bias is not known for S. floridana. https://scispace.com/papers/fermi-surface-of-the-superconductor-bair-2-p-2-1n759ganew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-band-structure-of-bair2p2-calculated-16ho8v94.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Band structure of BaIr2P2 calculated using the FPLO code. Two bands, colored in red and green, are crossing the Fermi energy, set to zero. The inset shows the Brillouin zone with symmetry points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-calculated-fermi-surface-of-bair2p2-1fk0gjwp.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Calculated Fermi surface of BaIr2P2 originating from (a) the red and (b) green band crossing the Fermi energy (Fig. 4). Some of the dHvA orbits are depicted by solid lines and labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-calculated-and-measured-dhva-1occa1gu.png TABLE I. Comparison between calculated and measured dHvA frequencies and effective masses for different bands and field orientations in BaIr2P2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-torque-signal-of-bair2p2-obtained-at-3opshzsj.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Torque signal of BaIr2P2 obtained at about 30 mK between 15 and 18 T. The field was rotated by 63◦ from the c towards the a axis. (b) Oscillating part of the torque signal after background subtraction. (c) Spectrum of the oscillating signal after Fourier transformation with two clearly resolved dHvA frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-angular-dependence-of-the-measured-1tikzvnm.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Angular dependence of the measured (symbols) and calculated (lines) dHvA frequencies. The open symbols were obtained at the HLD in Dresden in magnetic fields up to 18 T and the closed symbols at the LNCMI in Grenoble in fields up to 34 T. The symbol size is a measure of the Fourier-transformation amplitude [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-background-subtracted-torque-signal-inset-gcithwgm.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Background-subtracted torque signal (inset) and corresponding Fourier transformation (main panel) measured at about 30 mK at the LNCMI in Grenoble. The field was rotated by 8◦ from the c towards the a axis. https://scispace.com/papers/ferroelectric-cathodes-in-transverse-magnetic-fields-u0jzk64whk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ion-saturation-current-density-ji-versus-the-18fgcagd.png Fig. 3. The ion saturation current density Ji versus the applied magnetic field B, for different driving pulse amplitudes Udr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-electron-current-ic-measured-by-the-biased-vws1663x.png Fig. 2. The electron current Ic measured by the biased collector versus applied magnetic field B. The bias voltage is +50 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-images-of-the-surface-of-ferroelectric-cathode-in-dark-kdihkxgq.png Fig. 1. Images of the surface of ferroelectric cathode in "dark" emission mode at B = 0 (a) and at B = 3.3 kGs (b). The driving pulse amplitude is 1.7 kV. The frame duration is 50 ns, the delay from the beginning of the driving pulse is 50 ns. https://scispace.com/papers/fetal-heart-rate-and-fetal-heart-rate-variability-in-3c0ypyo9jv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fetomaternal-ecg-recording-televet-software-engel-3ivie2rj.png Fig. 1. Fetomaternal ECG recording (Televet software, Engel Engineering Ltd., Germany) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-plot-of-means-showing-fetal-heart-rates-recorded-in-21rr2w2f.png Fig. 3. A plot of means showing fetal heart rates recorded in months 8–11 of gestation in four pregnant mares (no. 260, 267, 278 and 296) with single fetuses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3n592cnz.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plot-of-means-showing-decreasing-fetal-heart-rates-ad494v0u.png Fig. 2. A plot of means showing decreasing fetal heart rates during gestation (days 121–330) https://scispace.com/papers/few-mode-ring-core-fibre-amplifier-for-low-differential-405v442d9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-far-and-near-fields-of-the-amplified-signal-modes-3loziji0.png Fig. 2: (a) Far- and near-fields of the amplified signal modes and (b) measured modal gain and (c) noise figure as a function of wavelength at a fixed input signal power of -15dBm and launched pump power of 23dBm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-sectional-microscope-image-and-b-refractive-30sifhvh.png Fig. 1: (a) Cross-sectional microscope image and (b) refractive index profile of the fabricated 5M-RC-EDF and (c) the measurement setup for modal gain analysis of the amplifier. https://scispace.com/papers/fewer-courts-less-justice-evidence-from-the-2008-french-5gjj9cenub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-marginal-effects-of-local-economic-variables-2jgedx8f.png Table 7: Marginal Effects of local economic variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probit-estimation-of-courts-removal-decision-1s5pu7i4.png Table 4: Probit Estimation of Courts’ Removal Decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-the-reform-on-the-duration-of-terminated-2smtxrgc.png Table 6: Impact of the reform on the duration of terminated cases and the number of new cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marginal-effect-of-the-reform-with-ols-estimations-2gthr3i2.png Figure 5: Marginal effect of the reform with OLS estimations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-french-courts-after-the-reform-1bdqefpe.png Figure 4: French courts after the reform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-new-cases-per-type-of-labor-court-2004-287hyapl.png Figure 1: Number of new cases per type of labor court 2004-2012 (mean). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-case-duration-per-type-of-labor-1wma8va7.png Figure 2: Evolution of the case duration per type of labor court 2004-2012 (mean). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-of-the-panel-dataset-17vgu982.png Table 3: Summary Statistics of the panel dataset https://scispace.com/papers/fiber-optic-communication-links-suitable-for-on-board-use-in-4mydefmrir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-of-all-optical-approach-based-on-1jfdtwec.png Figure 4. Architecture of all-optical approach based on passive optical networking (PON) method for RF/optical distribution networking applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concept-architecture-of-rf-optical-distribution-26oxb0ft.png Figure 1. Concept architecture of RF/Optical distribution network for a single antenna at VHF/UHF-band frequency. (ATM: asynchronous transfer mode; SDH: synchronous digital hierarchy; IP: internet protocol). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-architecture-configuration-with-four-antennas-and-38adyusy.png Figure 6. Architecture configuration with four antennas and six receiving systems applicable to multiple antenna scenarios. (Node consists of amplifier grating, network control, wavelength routing, demultiplexer unit, and optical switching). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-signal-to-noise-ratio-in-the-vhf-and-near-121a1poz.png Figure 10. Measured signal-to-noise ratio in the VHF and near UHF frequency range for both AM and FM schemes with wavelengths at 1330 and 1550 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-set-up-configuration-of-fiber-optic-distribution-xrfj4cse.png Figure 9. Set-up configuration of fiber optic distribution network for two wavelengths 1330 and 1550 nm based on wavelength division multiplexing approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detailed-structure-of-level-1-from-an-architecture-um2qc5pw.png Figure 5. Detailed structure of level 1 from an architecture of all-optical approach based on passive optical networking (PON) method shown in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-all-optical-network-depicts-multiple-antennas-3i8qywg8.png Figure 8. All-Optical network depicts multiple antennas transporting signals to multiple systems. (Node consists of optical switch, demultiplexer unit, wavelength routing module, network controller, grating amplifier). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-first-approach-detailed-description-of-each-node-i3h6s9zu.png Figure 3. (A) First approach Detailed description of each node with combination of optical/RF converter, RF splitter, and RF/optical converter for RF processing distribution method. (B) Second approach Detailed description of each node with combination of optical splitter and optical/RF converter for optical processing distribution method. https://scispace.com/papers/fiber-optic-displacement-sensor-for-medal-detection-using-316q3ssz5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-fods-for-medals-detection-uvrded65.png Table 1: Performance of FODS for medals detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-of-fiber-optic-displacement-for-3bzmp0n7.png Figure 1: Experimental setup of fiber optic displacement for flat medal plate detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-linear-range-of-gold-medal-for-a-front-slope-2icu7ikz.png Figure 3: The linear range of gold medal for (a) front slope and (b) back slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-output-voltage-of-the-sensor-versus-displacement-3e1knx3q.png Figure 2: Output voltage of the sensor versus displacement for various medals. https://scispace.com/papers/fiber-optic-measurements-of-soil-moisture-in-a-waste-rock-7z49a7guey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-volumetric-water-content-in-the-flow-control-sand-13hlkq16.png Figure 4: Volumetric water content in the Flow Control (sand) Layer and waste rock underneath after 652 the start of the infiltration test; the values are averaged from the four adjacent pairs of cable. The 653 longitudinal dimension of the experimental waste rock pile is represented on the y-axis. 654 https://scispace.com/papers/fiber-optic-fluorescence-quenching-oxygen-partial-pressure-r28gqg9mny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-optical-fibres-used-to-test-the-qdzy385o.png Table 1. Properties of the optical fibres used to test the effect of core diameter. Data from manufacturer’s specification sheet [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimised-parameters-selected-for-the-oxygen-31nmg3rc.png Table 4. Optimised parameters selected for the oxygen sensitive sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-graph-of-sensor-response-to-po2-for-a-range-of-fibre-3ingek15.png Fig. 6. Graph of sensor response to PO2 for a range of fibre core diameters: 200 μm, 400 μm, 600 μm and 1,000 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectrometer-data-of-the-o2-sensitive-fluorescence-r7kbcjlm.png Fig. 7. Spectrometer data of the O2 sensitive fluorescence peak for the parameters for a sensor fabricated using 0.1 g/l of PtOEP, a 600 μm fibre core diameter and four chemical coatings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graph-of-sensor-response-to-po2-for-a-range-of-ptoep-1vtoguwn.png Fig. 4. Graph of sensor response to PO2 for a range of PtOEP concentrations in the sensing layer: Batch a, b, c and d containing PtOEP at 0.1 g.L-1, 0.2 g.L-1, 0.5 g.L-1 and 0.75 g.L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-of-sensor-response-to-po2-using-one-to-four-2lhtmxwh.png Fig. 5. Graph of sensor response to PO2 using one to four coating layers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-details-of-oxygen-sensitive-chemical-mixes-with-14wvna5c.png Table 3. Details of oxygen sensitive chemical mixes with varying fluorophore concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-distal-tip-of-the-po2-optical-fibre-2ueja4lh.png Fig. 1. Diagram of the distal tip of the PO2 optical fibre sensor. The sensing layer contains PtOEP molecules which fluoresce under 460 nm (blue) light, returning 550 nm (red) light. Oxygen molecules quench this fluorescence, allowing their concentration to be ascertained. https://scispace.com/papers/fibre-imaging-bundles-for-full-field-optical-coherence-4yrnx7hf9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intensity-modulation-of-the-signal-from-individual-1q4mdfw8.png Figure 4. Intensity modulation of the signal from individual fibres in the imaging bundle as the processing interferometer is scanned, when using (a) standard plano-convex and (b) aspherical lenses for focusing in the probe head. The x-axis is on the same scale in each plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-inverted-greyscale-image-of-both-surfaces-of-a-300-1m7ka0ha.png Figure 8. Inverted greyscale image of both surfaces of a 300 m thick plastic film (accumulating 50 frames) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-oct-mages-obtained-from-a-mirror-surface-inverted-2jvn9gf4.png Figure 7. OCT mages obtained from a mirror surface (inverted greyscale) accumulating (a) 1 and (b) 10 frames for each phase range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-configuration-for-3d-oct-employing-a-fibre-imaging-3rfpzusc.png Figure 2. Configuration for 3D OCT employing a fibre imaging bundle. SLD = super-luminescent diode, A = optional focusing lens controlling illumination onto bundle face. The average path-length imbalance L is identical in both the Fizeau and Michelson interferometers. Inset circle shows where the two reflections occur in the Fizeau interferometer. https://scispace.com/papers/field-and-laboratory-experiments-on-high-dissolution-rates-3hfv3tvqeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dissolution-rate-and-rate-of-weight-loss-for-1bzrc8ws.png Table 4 Dissolution rate and rate of weight loss for limestone tablets in the laboratory experiment 426 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weight-loss-of-tablets-in-the-field-experiment-419-11cqt0ty.png Table 2 Weight loss of tablets in the field experiment 419 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hyrdological-and-geomorphic-conditions-for-the-sites-3mnbg7dt.png Table 1 Hyrdological and geomorphic conditions for the sites of field weathering experiment 416 https://scispace.com/papers/field-effect-and-local-gating-in-nitrogen-terminated-3efptvmktt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-energy-of-homo-level-with-respect-to-fermi-energy-212he6cu.png Figure 2. a) Energy of HOMO level with respect to Fermi energy, EHOMO⊥(X), for perpendicularly oriented benzene (see Figure 1b) in the nanogaps with different terminations (N- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-hirshfeld-charge-excess-q-for-each-row-of-atoms-2ek6tefh.png Figure 3. a) Hirshfeld charge excess Q for each row of atoms of gap-forming N-terminated graphene sheets at zero bias (solid black line). The dipole arises in the N (blue) and the adjacent C (green) atom rows. Arrows indicate the orientation of dipoles. b) A model of four homogenously linearly charged lines represents corresponding rows of atoms (blue – termination, green – adjacent C atoms) belonging to graphene sheets. Total charge residing on the line is equal to total charge excess of corresponding row. Position and length of a line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-3d-profile-top-panel-of-electrostatic-potential-ds2si1yr.png Figure 4. a) 3D profile (top panel) of electrostatic potential energy Ep in y-z plane of NtNP (Figure 1c) and its profile (bottom panel) along the midline (dashed line in top panel) in z https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-geometry-of-x-terminated-graphene-gaps-x-n-h-f-s-3j1daitt.png Figure 1. a) Geometry of X-terminated graphene gaps: X=N, H, F, S, Cl. Arrow indicates the fixed distance between C atoms adjacent to termination atoms. b) N-terminated gap with benzene molecule in perpendicular (⊥) orientation. Dashed red line marks the central region (the scattering region or the extended molecule). c) Geometry of N-terminated graphene nanopore (NtNP). Red, green and blue arrows indicate x, y and z directions, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/field-evaluation-of-fluorescence-polarization-assay-and-42xfgwoi31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-result-of-a-fluorescence-polarization-assay-fpa-for-3vb64d1d.png Table 2. Result of a fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for the detection of antibodies against B. melitensis, on sera from infected sheep, classified based on results of other serological tests. RBT: rose Bengal test. CFT: complement fixation test. c-ELISA: competitive ELISA. Q1: first quartile. Q3: third quartile. mP: milli-polarization units. CI: confidence interval. nd: not determined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-sensitivity-and-specificity-of-the-30ci81tf.png Table 1. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) at different cut off values, by using 1515 infected and 719 non infected sheep as the reference sample. Cut-off values were calculated as the difference between FPA millipolarization values of tested sera and the mean of 3 negative controls tested in the same assay. CI: confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/field-portable-xrf-reveals-the-ubiquity-of-antimony-in-zykg67qb57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spectrum-generated-by-the-ndt-software-for-red-vtewyjxq.png Figure 1: The spectrum generated by the NDT software for red Christmas beads, illustrating the principal peaks for Sb and Br below 30 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-and-distributions-of-sb-vlcu4tle.png Table 4: Summary statistics and distributions of Sb concentrations (in g g-1) detected in the different sample categories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-analyses-performed-on-samples-from-each-1ky9j6a9.png Table 3: Number of analyses performed on samples from each category, and the number of cases in which PVC, Sb, Br and (non-PVC) Cl were detected together with the number of cases in which Sb was detected in PVC, and with Br or Cl and with Br and Cl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-reference-and-measured-1iqe7av3.png Table 2: A comparison of reference and measured concentrations (g g-1) of Sb and Br in polyethylene discs of 31 mm diameter and 13 mm depth supplied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparison-of-the-concentrations-of-sb-in-various-2c0av8kp.png Figure 2: A comparison of the concentrations of Sb in various samples as returned by the FP-XRF and by ICP-OES following acid digestion. Annotated are the best fit line through the data and statistical parameters defining the relationship. https://scispace.com/papers/field-quality-of-the-short-superconducting-dipole-models-for-o7zaex7rl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-collaring-features-ofmbsmt-magnets-1uvkbf94.png TABLE I COLLARING FEATURES OFMBSMT MAGNETS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-field-multipoles-ofmbsmt-magnets-9t33enw7.png TABLE II AVERAGE FIELD MULTIPOLES OFMBSMT MAGNETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hysteresis-loop-of-the-normal-sextupole-in-the-mbsmt10-22sis97a.png Fig. 1. Hysteresis loop of the normal sextupole in the MBSMT10.V3 magnet, with the three contributions to the field multipole. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-b2-and-b3-warm-cold-correlations-k17qvcm2.png Fig. 2. b2 and b3 warm-cold correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-field-reconstruction-b3-calculated-versus-b3-measured-3dwor5n3.png Fig. 4. Field reconstruction: b3 calculated versus b3 measured for three families of short model dipoles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b5-and-b7-warm-cold-correlation-3ujn7vhh.png Fig. 3. b5 and b7 warm-cold correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-calculated-slopes-ofgeometric-harmonics-9jocrn5v.png TABLE III CALCULATED SLOPES OFGEOMETRIC HARMONICS DEPENDENCES ON AZIMUTHALCOIL SIZE VARIATIONS IN THE INNER AND IN THE OUTER LAYER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-geometric-normal-sextupole-during-19cl9jg1.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the geometric normal sextupole during training. https://scispace.com/papers/field-test-upscaling-of-multi-agent-coordination-in-the-2d6pafa5sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-adopted-dual-market-for-commercial-and-2avc2x46.png Figure 4: The adopted dual market for commercial and technical optimisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-load-duration-curves-of-the-net-substation-load-13bp4sbu.png Figure 3: Load duration curves of the net substation load with no CHPs (‘demand’), with traditional controlled CHPs (‘fit-and-forget’) and with PowerMatcher controlled CHPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-field-test-results-of-clustered-control-of-5-390jblx0.png Figure 2: Field test results of clustered control of 5 microCHPs at consumer premises aimed at reduction of domestic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-multi-layered-network-in-powermatching-city-bahp4smr.png Figure 5: The multi-layered network in PowerMatching City. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-powermatcher-architecture-coming-from-a-k60g2nkh.png Figure 1: The PowerMatcher architecture; coming from a hierarchy based mechanism, growing towards a more organic, network of networks. https://scispace.com/papers/fifty-years-of-asian-experience-in-the-spread-of-education-49l0msycbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-achieved-standards-and-public-expenditure-shares-of-37s04mzh.png Figure 1: Achieved standards and public expenditure shares of (a) education and (b) health in Asian countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-secondary-and-tertiary-education-rqujxn8a.png Table 2: Secondary and tertiary education https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nutrition-indicators-1wzsy0w8.png Table 4: Nutrition indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-education-20m4x0rw.png Table 1: Primary education https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-health-indicators-1a60p7ye.png Table 3: Health Indicators https://scispace.com/papers/fighting-rheumatoid-arthritis-kv1-3-as-a-therapeutic-target-42ltyd5yhb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-several-agents-associations-and-blockers-alter-kv1-3-1reh3sge.png Table 1 Several agents, associations and blockers alter Kv1.3 activity. Different associations, natural molecules and inhibitors impair the Kv1.3 activity ending in a reduced Kv1.3 function, which could be profitable for Kv1.3-based therapies against autoimmune diseases. While Kv1.5 and KCNE4 control the number of functional channels at the cell surface, animal venoms and plant blockers are potent Kv1.3 inhibitors. Miscellaneous associations and natural molecules, including MMP23 and viral components, affect Kv1.3 by reducing activity either retaining the channel or blocking the activity in a non-specific way. Chemical agents, such as Methyl-betacyclodextrin, disrupt the Kv1.3 signaling platform required for a proper immune response. https://scispace.com/papers/filling-the-organ-donor-pool-by-giving-priority-2yn6y0tb0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequencies-of-reasons-for-indicating-no-to-1dga5i5j.png Table 1 Frequencies of Reasons for Indicating “No” to Registering as an Organ Donor in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequencies-of-reasons-for-indicating-yes-to-32l7dsb6.png Table 2 Frequencies of Reasons for Indicating “Yes” to Registering as an Organ Donor in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-study-2-on-the-interaction-of-2m0s6whg.png Table 4 Results from Study 2 on the Interaction of Registration Status, Altruism, and Prompt Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-probabilities-of-registering-as-an-organ-donor-in-2jd3udx8.png Table 5 Probabilities of Registering as an Organ Donor in Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-between-presence-absence-of-priority-1v2yurbu.png Figure 1 Interaction between presence/absence of priority and altruism on hypothetically registering as an organ donor for all participants. https://scispace.com/papers/final-semantics-for-event-pattern-reactive-programs-csjfiz0e2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-machine-with-a-behavior-evaluation-9l7ehxlv.png Fig. 1: Example machine with a behavior evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rules-for-the-output-function-o-of-the-machine-of-par-odbn5jw7.png Fig. 5: Rules for the output function o of the machine of PAR expressions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rules-for-the-step-function-of-the-machine-of-par-1w2o97dj.png Fig. 4: Rules for the step function ∂ of the machine of PAR expressions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rules-for-the-completion-function-a-of-the-machine-of-3ehmki9r.png Fig. 3: Rules for the completion function α of the machine of PAR expressions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behaviors-associated-to-states-q0-q1-and-s-of-fig-1-1wruevsv.png Fig. 2: Behaviors associated to states q0, q1 and s of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/financial-crises-in-efficient-markets-how-fundamentalists-2sg1os155x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fundamentalists-time-frame-3dn1b45i.png Fig. 1. The fundamentalist’s time frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-of-the-expected-volatility-to-a-shock-with-z6x0iqq4.png Table 1. Reaction of the expected volatility to a shock (with 10%r and 10% ) https://scispace.com/papers/financial-development-and-long-run-volatility-trends-126c375xp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-between-volatility-y-axis-and-fd-x-axis-3h9ek6gv.png Figure 2. Relation between volatility (y-axis) and FD (x-axis) for ENI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iv-predicted-investment-volatility-y-axis-by-fd-x-hwz3s2d3.png Figure IV. Predicted Investment Volatility (y-axis) by FD (x-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-posterior-mode-for-oecd-countries-tcv2nw9c.png Table 6. Posterior mode for OECD countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-fd-on-aggregate-and-firm-level-3rlodp27.png Figure 7. Effects of FD on Aggregate and Firm-Level Volatility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reduction-in-variance-of-gdp-growth-s2-log-yt-3bzbxnot.png Table 2. Reduction in Variance of GDP Growth (σ2∆ log Yt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-financial-development-model-and-output-volatility-2m2icudj.png Figure 9. Financial development (model) and output volatility (data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-panels-a-b-and-c-shows-that-there-is-a-non-linear-2a5rc87g.png Figure 1 (panels A, B, and C) shows that there is a non-linear negative relationship between aggregate output volatility and FD for OECD countries, where the vertical axis represents aggregate volatility, the horizontal axis represents FD (measured by total private credit-to-GDP ratio ×100), and the smooth dashed line in each window represents the result of a non-linear regression between the two data series. Specifically, panels A, B, and C show the variance of GDP growth against the first, second, and third measure of FD. Panel D shows the variance of aggregate investment growth against FD3.13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relation-between-volatility-y-axis-and-fd-x-axis-qy8qgobj.png Figure 1 (panels A, B, and C) shows that there is a non-linear negative relationship between aggregate output volatility and FD for OECD countries, where the vertical axis represents aggregate volatility, the horizontal axis represents FD (measured by total private credit-to-GDP ratio ×100), and the smooth dashed line in each window represents the result of a non-linear regression between the two data series. Specifically, panels A, B, and C show the variance of GDP growth against the first, second, and third measure of FD. Panel D shows the variance of aggregate investment growth against FD3.13 https://scispace.com/papers/financial-development-financial-structure-and-domestic-w2xq26n02f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-financial-development-on-domestic-qghr7ccl.png Table 5: Effects of financial development on domestic investment: Cross-section regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-summary-statistics-simple-averages-2h18vtlg.png Table 1: Sample summary statistics (simple averages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-simple-averages-by-financial-27qyq6ol.png Table 2: Summary statistics (simple averages) by financial development and financial structure category https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-domestic-investment-and-13qkbosh.png Table 3. Correlation between domestic investment and financial indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effects-of-financial-structure-vs-financial-3ghkts1t.png Table 6: Effects of financial structure vs. financial development on domestic investment: Accelerator enhancing effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-financial-development-on-domestic-28g395fs.png Table 4: Effects of financial development on domestic investment: Regressions with fixed effects (LSDV) https://scispace.com/papers/financial-reporting-opacity-and-informed-trading-by-2rsbmdsfhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-informed-trading-by-institutions-and-firm-level-1d31aevy.png Table 4 - Informed Trading by Institutions and Firm-Level Opacity https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-difference-in-differences-returns-tests-3unvysqa.png TABLE 9 – Difference-in-Differences Returns Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrices-1pcmnafa.png Table 3 - Correlation Matrices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-2qn8yszm.png Table 2 - Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-firm-and-country-level-opacity-interactions-2p92e4rc.png Table 7 – Firm- and Country-Level Opacity Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-additional-analyses-and-robustness-tests-10ebkeci.png Table 6 – Additional Analyses and Robustness Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-informed-trading-and-opacity-by-institutional-type-2ldo11r2.png Table 8 – Informed Trading and Opacity by Institutional Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breakdown-of-the-sample-by-country-27moh2dj.png Table 1 - Breakdown of the Sample by Country https://scispace.com/papers/financing-innovative-start-ups-in-portuguese-context-what-is-2pskd9yyvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-use-of-the-services-provided-by-bans-1pi6p2vx.png Table 3 Use of the services provided by BANs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-use-of-ban-services-according-to-region-age-and-1m03ryac.png Table 4 Use of BAN services according to region, age and education (chi-square test) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-investor-characteristics-3td20zfd.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics: investor characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-use-of-ban-services-according-to-investment-made-or-y1rot0gu.png Table 5 Use of BAN services according to investment made or investment forecast (chi-square test) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-investment-activity-18le8mha.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics: investment activity https://scispace.com/papers/financing-sustainable-development-with-enhanced-domestic-2gmggocqag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-history-of-japan-international-cooperation-agency-3t7cubqq.png Figure 5. History of Japan International Cooperation Agency technical cooperation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trend-in-tax-revenue-in-mongolia-2nuylpiu.png Figure 3. Trend in tax revenue in Mongolia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-finance-to-developing-countries-2002-2011-9pfoy5wi.png Figure 1. Trends in finance to developing countries, 2002-2011 ($ billion, 2011 prices) https://scispace.com/papers/finding-optimal-addition-chains-using-a-genetic-algorithm-3vmfh1hq0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crossover-operator-ena67q8u.png Fig. 1. Crossover Operator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accumulated-addition-chain-lengths-for-512-2000-and-2222sdea.png Table 2. Accumulated addition chain lengths for 512, 2000 and 4096 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shortest-addition-chains-for-a-special-class-of-6z1dmrhr.png Table 3. Shortest addition chains for a special class of exponents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accumulated-addition-chain-lengths-for-exponents-e-1-3r3pkq0s.png Table 1. Accumulated addition chain lengths for exponents e ∈ [1, 1000] https://scispace.com/papers/finding-robust-itemsets-under-subsampling-2z91lga4rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-top-45-free-non-singleton-itemsets-from-re0-t-0-05-1r5ruqil.png Table IV. Top-45 free non-singleton itemsets from re0 (τ = 0.05) dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-top-45-closed-itemsets-from-re0-t-0-05-dataset-vcefxnrr.png Table III. Top-45 closed itemsets from re0 (τ = 0.05) dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-free-non-derivable-and-totally-shattered-2nyeijy7.png Fig. 1. Number of free, non-derivable, and totally shattered itemsets on Zoo (τ = 0.01) dataset as a function of α and ρ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-free-itemsets-as-a-function-of-r-cfihl990.png Fig. 3. Number of free itemsets as a function of ρ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-of-the-number-of-free-totally-shattered-non-1cu88k4v.png Fig. 2. Average of the number of free/totally shattered/non-derivable itemsets as a function of ρ normalized by the number of itemsets for ρ = 0.1. Average is taken over all test datasets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rank-compliance-of-an-itemset-in-a-noisy-data-as-a-19dyub3g.png Fig. 4. Rank compliance of an itemset in a noisy data as a function of robustness in the original data. High compliance value imply that adding noise had little effect on the rank of an itemset. Median and quartiles are computed over all datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computational-complexity-of-robustness-and-orders-3rizwc96.png Table I. Computational complexity of robustness and orders. Computing measures is explained in Section 3.3. Computing orders is explained in Section 4. K is the number of items, |C| is the number of frequent closed itemsets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-distance-between-parameter-free-rankings-and-1t25acip.png Table II. Distance between parameter-free rankings and rankings based on α for Mushroom and Zoo datasets. Low values imply that rankings agree. Value range is 0–100. https://scispace.com/papers/finding-the-hidden-valence-band-of-n-7-armchair-graphene-3mhjwkbekc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energies-of-the-band-maxima-regarding-to-the-fermi-3019w9yi.png Table 1. Energies of the band maxima regarding to the Fermi level and the effective masses for the first (VB1) and the second (VB2) valence sub-bands of 7-AGNRs on Au(1 1 1) or Au(7 8 8). https://scispace.com/papers/finding-y-relevant-part-of-x-by-use-of-pcr-and-plsr-model-nkhekpatts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relation-between-loading-vectors-of-xly-and-x-s-y-15ju647p.png Figure 5. Relation between loading vectors of XLY and X S Y (using Ŷ as score matrix). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-score-loading-contribution-plot-for-a-sample-224-fjplp95j.png Figure 8. Score-loading-contribution plot for a sample 224, showing the score trace (dotted line) mainly moving in a direction of ŷ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-data-matrices-y-and-x-with-y-qcetub6o.png Figure 1. Illustration of data matrices Y and X, with Y-relevant part XY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-score-vectors-in-relation-to-y-for-orthogonalized-2bxn7yc0.png Figure 3. Score vectors in relation to ŷ for orthogonalized PLS factorization of X. Here, T?;2:A stands for columns 2 to A of the orthogonalized score matrix T?. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-score-vectors-in-relation-to-y-for-non-3osdcjnx.png Figure 2. Score vectors in relation to ŷ for non-orthogonalized PLS factorization of X. Here, T2:A stands for columns 2 to A of the non-orthogonalized score matrix T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modi-ed-illustration-of-data-matrices-y-and-x-with-119ihbhc.png Figure 6. Modi ed illustration of data matrices Y and X, with Y-relevant parts XLY and X S Y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-loading-vectors-in-relation-to-b-for-a-general-lv-4xx1w8zo.png Figure 4. Loading vectors in relation to B̂ for a general LV factorization of X. Here, P2:A stands for columns 2 to A of the loading matrix P. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizes-root-mean-square-error-of-prediction-3d7e85am.png Table 1 summarizes root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and Frobenius norm results for the loading and score projection factorizations (10) and (17). The following procedure was followed for each of the data sets: https://scispace.com/papers/fine-structure-of-the-1s2s2p-4p0-and-1s2p2-4p-doubly-excited-21p3caes3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-identification-of-the-observed-lines-in-the-silicon-1ijeh1t7.png Table I Identification of the observed lines in the silicon spectrum of figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-fine-structure-and-term-separation-of-the-doubly-3cgd58lu.png Table 11. Fine structure and term separation of the doubly excited stabs 2s2p 4 ~ 0 J and https://scispace.com/papers/fingerprint-classification-using-entropy-sensitive-tracing-3wnutpqilz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-traversation-of-a-bifurcation-27hbxaq6.png Fig. 2. Traversation of a bifurcation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confusion-matrix-118vutep.png Table 1. Confusion matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classes-according-to-henrys-classification-scheme-2kskpurp.png Fig. 1. Classes according to Henry’s classification scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representants-for-all-classes-1gabsz2m.png Fig. 3. Representants for all classes. https://scispace.com/papers/finite-length-performance-of-random-mac-strategies-14biwm3gam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-k-4-t-6-l-x-0-6x2-0-4x3-1aqs6xdw.png TABLE III k = 4, t = 6, Λ(x) = 0.6x2 + 0.4x3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-k-5-t-5-l-x-0-45x2-0-55x3-2rp7ydpx.png TABLE II k = 5, t = 5, Λ(x) = 0.45x2 + 0.55x3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-k-4-t-6-l-x-0-25x2-0-75x3-74ftz3ah.png TABLE I k = 4, t = 6, Λ(x) = 0.25x2 + 0.75x3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-k-5-t-6-l-x-0-35x2-0-65x3-2944qxfb.png TABLE IV k = 5, t = 6, Λ(x) = 0.35x2 + 0.65x3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparison-of-the-decoding-failure-probability-pl-1fo5sobz.png TABLE V COMPARISON OF THE DECODING FAILURE PROBABILITY PL BOTH FROM THEORY OR BY SIMULATION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparison-of-the-decoding-failure-probability-p-u-3egiv7p2.png TABLE VI COMPARISON OF THE DECODING FAILURE PROBABILITY P (u) BOTH FROM OPTIMAL AND SUBOPTIMA THEORY OR BY SIMULATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graph-representation-of-the-ic-process-for-k-4-and-n-4-3cm0zgu1.png Fig. 3. Graph representation of the IC process for k = 4 and N = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-theoretical-and-simulation-results-1knuq3oy.png Fig. 2. Comparison of the theoretical and simulation results for different (k, t) pairs in the case of t = 6 and Λ(x) = 0.2x+ 0.5x2 + 0.3x4. https://scispace.com/papers/finite-fault-rupture-detector-finder-going-real-time-in-528bmv7pxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-template-sets-used-in-this-study-kdgi2uxq.png Table 1 Description of Template Sets Used in This Study https://scispace.com/papers/finite-sample-efficiency-of-ols-in-linear-regression-models-4u70sl5q0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-e-ciency-of-ols-relative-to-gls-2bpxbtqm.png Table 1: E ciency of OLS relative to GLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-e-ciency-of-ols-relative-to-gls-t-10-t-50-t-200-t-kmat4r1g.png Figure 1: E ciency of OLS relative to GLS T=10 , T=50 , T=200 , T=1000 (from top) https://scispace.com/papers/finite-volumes-for-complex-applications-viii-methods-and-4xefoo6wy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-error-estimators-analytical-error-and-effectivity-1a48jhzr.png Table 1 Error estimators, analytical error, and effectivity indices under space refinement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-element-diagrams-for-sawt-vawt-with-k-1-left-and-safwt-hvvwsik4.png Fig. 1 Element diagrams for (SAWT ,VAWT ) with k = 1 (left) and (SAFWT ,VAFWT ,ΛT ) with k = 2 (right) https://scispace.com/papers/finite-temperature-correlations-in-a-quantum-spin-chain-near-37nesz4lem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-the-uniform-magnetization-for-various-36cn7m0z.png TABLE I. Values of the uniform magnetization for various temperatures T and the experimental magnetic field hzexp, as shown in the left column. The central column gives the value of the magnetization m and the effective magnetic field hzMF determined by a self-consistent solution of the mean-field one-dimensional model (8). The right column gives the effective magnetic field hzeff determined from (9) by using the magnetization m2D of the full two-dimensional system. These two procedures quite naturally lead to different values of the effective magnetic field (which should be compared to h1Dc = 2J‖ = 5.88 K). Note that in this table all values of magnetic field are reported in units of Kelvin to allow direct comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-false-color-plot-of-the-neutron-scattering-intensity-2q6s89o2.png FIG. 6. False-color plot of the neutron scattering intensity measured at H = 4.07 T at T = 0.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnon-dispersion-measured-in-k2cuso4cl2-at-t-0-2-k-a-3vli4831.png FIG. 1. Magnon dispersion measured in K2CuSO4Cl2 at T = 0.2 K: (a)–(c) False-color intensity plots along the principal reciprocal space directions at saturation (H0 = 4.47 T). In (a), (b) the intensity is integrated in the range qb/2π = 0 ± 0.05 or q‖/2π = −1 ± 0.05, respectively, and completely along the nondispersive direction qc. For (c) the integration slice is q‖/2π = −1 ± 0.1 and qb/2π = 0 ± 0.1. Solid lines indicate the dispersion calculated for the minimal model of the spin Hamiltonian described in the text. The full 2D dispersion of this minimal model at saturation is shown in (d), where the approximate volume of reciprocal space covered in our measurements is indicated in red. (e) Measured field dependence of the dispersion minima and maxima at qb = 0 (symbols). Solid lines correspond to the minimal model. The dashed line corresponds to the true minimum of the 2D dispersion at q‖ = π, qb = π . (f) As in (a), for H = 9 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-local-dynamic-structure-factor-calculated-for-2f1idcab.png FIG. 8. Local dynamic structure factor calculated for different points in the (a) (T ,h)-phase diagram and plotted in (b) real and in (c) scaled variables. As predicted in Ref. [3], all curves for a fixed ratio of the chemical potential to temperature r = h/T collapse onto a single curve if plotted in appropriately scaled variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-single-chain-excitation-spectra-with-the-3kqdao0i.png FIG. 4. Calculated single-chain excitation spectra with the different polarization channels plotted separately. (a)–(c) Low temperature slightly below saturation, (d)–(f) low temperature above saturation, and (g)–(i) elevated temperature above saturation. While in the fully polarized regime at H > H 1Dc = 2J‖gμB = 3.87 T no longitudinal excitations are possible at zero temperature, at elevated temperatures larger than the magnon gap a thermally activated longitudinal mode gains spectral weight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-and-calculated-spin-excitation-spectra-of-the-29okfend.png FIG. 2. Measured and calculated spin excitation spectra of the Heisenberg spin chain compound K2CuSO4Cl2 near saturation. The first column shows the inelastic neutron scattering data collected very close to saturation at Hexp = 4.5 T (H0 = 4.47 T) at different temperatures. These plots correspond to slices integrated in the range qb/2π = 0 ± 0.1 and completely along the nondispersive direction qc. The red dashed rectangles delineate the regions of the spectra that are analyzed in regard to universal behavior in Sec. IV C. The second column shows numerical results where interchain exchange is treated within a combined chain-MF/RPA approach. In the last column the results of a purely one-dimensional calculation are plotted. For this calculation the effective magnetic field was chosen such that the magnetization of the simulated 1D chains exactly corresponds to the magnetization of the two-dimensional system of weakly coupled chains at the experimentally applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-false-color-plots-of-the-dynamic-structure-factor-s-k-piy7ffv3.png FIG. 7. False color plots of the dynamic structure factor S+−(k,ω) for impenetrable bosons in one dimensions at different chemical potentials h = −0.5,0,0.5,1, and temperatures T = 0.2,0.5,1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scaling-plot-of-the-local-dynamic-structure-factor-the-1ikdcdjc.png FIG. 5. Scaling plot of the local dynamic structure factor. The data taken into account for this analysis is marked by the red dashed rectangles in Fig. 2. The black line corresponds to the predicted universal scaling function. https://scispace.com/papers/fire-induced-albedo-change-and-surface-radiative-forcing-in-48b7netxqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-of-calculations-of-albedo-change-surface-33pmokvy.png Figure 2. Flow chart of calculations of albedo change, surface shortwave radiative forcing (SSRF), and relative effect of radiative forcing over time. Solid circles represent the interaction between data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-distribution-of-albedo-change-and-3nfl2ax3.png Figure 6. Spatial distribution of albedo change and associated radiative forcing over Africa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-different-components-of-the-10e7paji.png Figure 3. Illustration of the different components of the equations used in calculating albedo change. The notation “f” indicates the fire case and “c“ indicates the control case. “t0” is the date of the fire. “t1” is the time of next image after fire. “tmin” is the time when the albedo of the fire case reaches a minimum, which also corresponds to the time when the difference between fire-case albedo and control case is at its maximum. “t90” is the time when the fire-case albedo has recovered to 90% of the control-case albedo. The time between t0 and tmin is defined as “medium-term“ albedo change. The time between t0 and t90 is defined as “long-term” albedo change. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-surface-shortwave-radiative-forcing-mean-sd-exerted-1xwqjatf.png Table 4. Surface Shortwave Radiative Forcing (Mean ± SD) Exerted Due To Firesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-figure-4-except-showing-evi-instead-of-4ludl5zh.png Figure 5. Same as Figure 4, except showing EVI instead of albedo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-relative-effect-of-surface-shortwave-radiative-20123us5.png Figure 7. The relative effect of surface shortwave radiative forcing calculated over short (SSRF1 and SSRF2), medium (maximum SSRF and medium-term SSRF), and long (long-term SSRF) time frames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fire-induced-albedo-change-mean-sd-a-35c5fjj5.png Table 2. Fire-Induced Albedo Change (Mean ± SD)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-fire-regime-in-africa-ecosystems-over-a-15-yq12zmj4.png Table 1. Annual Fire Regime in Africa Ecosystems, Over a 15 Year Period (2001–2015) https://scispace.com/papers/fire-resistance-of-19th-century-fireproof-flooring-systems-a-4y45s5bjph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-temperature-evolution-curves-for-cast-iron-jack-2k92g0x7.png Figure 18: Temperature evolution curves for cast iron “jack arch” floor. Comparison between the average values of the four analysis sets and the results from using the thermal properties of concrete in EN1992-1-2 [7] for the insulating materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-assumed-upper-red-colour-and-lower-blue-colour-jnv42jzg.png Figure 9: Assumed upper (red colour) and lower (blue colour) bound stress-strain-temperature relationships for tension (above) and compression (below) for cast iron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-specific-heat-of-masonry-with-1vp9tygf.png Figure 5: Variation of specific heat of masonry with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-midspan-deflections-of-a-cast-iron-3bg1mpwz.png Figure 10: Comparison of midspan deflections of a cast iron beam as a function of the fire exposure time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lower-and-upper-bound-variations-of-a-thermal-2wu6vqdd.png Figure 4: Lower and upper bound variations of: a) thermal conductivity and b) specific heat with temperature for the insulating materials of 19 th century fireproof floors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-thermal-analysis-cases-for-the-cast-iron-beam-207616z5.png Table 3: Thermal analysis cases for the cast iron beam https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-a-filler-joist-and-b-arch-jack-floor-1-2mbh0rm0.png Figure 1: Typical a) “Filler joist” and b) “Arch jack” floor [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variations-of-a-thermal-conductivity-and-b-specific-27my8ew2.png Figure 2: Variations of: a) thermal conductivity and b) specific heat with temperature for the metals of 19 th century fireproof floors https://scispace.com/papers/firm-types-price-setting-strategies-and-consumption-tax-5fqhsgg824 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relative-price-changes-around-estonian-currency-1w8uxn61.png Figure 10: Relative price changes around Estonian currency conversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-inputs-and-vat-remittances-by-quarter-relative-to-htgav2wc.png Figure 7: Inputs and VAT remittances, by quarter relative to the reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-partial-coe-cients-and-r-squared-values-divided-by-1xlki823.png Table 3: Partial coe cients and R-squared values divided by explanatory variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pre-reform-prices-by-treatment-status-and-type-18esgem0.png Figure 2: Pre-reform prices by treatment status and type https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-short-run-pass-through-by-type-33n63d7s.png Table 4: Short-run pass-through by type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-changes-in-log-consumer-prices-vat-inclusive-2u1vczy2.png Figure 8: Changes in log consumer prices, VAT-inclusive revenue and quantity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pass-through-according-to-restaurant-density-6bewyw97.png Figure 6: Pass-through according to restaurant density https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-coordination-in-price-changes-across-restaurants-and-2fgijoor.png Table 6: Coordination in price changes across restaurants and meals https://scispace.com/papers/first-principle-modelling-of-forsterite-surface-properties-1rely2fzph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-gbsse-j-m-2-for-the-main-surfaces-of-2gt2xvzv.png Table 2: Energy (γBSSE, J m −2) for the main surfaces of forsterite corrected by the BSSE. Uncorrected values (γ) and the percent difference (BSSE%) between γBSSE and γ are also reported. Values in this table were obtained by using the B3LYP functional. Similar relative corrections have been obtained with the other functionals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-surface-energies-gbsse-j-m-2-for-the-main-crystal-12cmri6g.png Table 3: Surface energies (γBSSE, J m −2) for the main crystal surfaces of forsterite, corrected by the BSSE, as obtained with different DFT functionals and the pob-TZVP basis set. a s=1.0; COO6 (max)=35.8 eV Å 6; COO6 (min)=17.9 eV Å 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bulk-properties-and-surface-energy-of-forsterite-as-1571i9yb.png Table 1: Bulk properties and surface energy of forsterite as obtained with four basis sets and the B3LYP Hamiltonian. For the pob-TZVP basis set, values obtained with the D2 approach are reported (see text for details). a Percent differences with respect to the experimental values: unit cell volume (V , Å3) from Ref.69 ; components of the elastic tensor (Cii and Cij , GPa) from Ref. 70 ; high frequency dielectric tensor ( ii, dimensionless) from Ref. 71. Mean absolute difference (|∆̄ν|, cm−1), maximum and minimum difference (∆νmax, ∆νmin, cm−1) on IR active wavenumbers (ν) with respect to data reported in Ref.72. b Surface energy (γ, J m−2) and surface energy corrected by BSSE (γBSSE); average Si-O bond length (Å) for the two independent SiO4 tetrahedral units on the surface (Si-Oav1, Si-Oav2); surface Si-O and Mg-O maximum and minimum distance. Time required by one Self Consistent Field step on 64 CPUS (tSCF , s) for the 3D solid and the (010) surface is reported. c The SCF is performed with B3LYP, with dispersion contributions calculated a posteriori. https://scispace.com/papers/first-nustar-limits-on-quiet-sun-hard-x-ray-transient-events-21awfzbuhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporally-adjacent-nustar-image-cubes-with-100-s-1udlnal4.png Figure 3. Temporally adjacent NuSTAR image cubes with 100 s temporal and 60 60 ´ spatial binning, with time increasing from left to right. The solar limb is marked by a black line. (Top) Original image cubes with a “source” pixel marked by a black circle. (Bottom) The central image cube has just enough excess counts added to the source pixel to reach the 95% detection threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-the-just-detectable-emission-measure-3fxeyxem.png Figure 5. (Left) The “just detectable” emission measure distributions for temperatures 2–12MK, calculated for summed (FPMA+FPMB) north pole image cubes. These distributions include every macropixel from two image cubes: one with no time shift and one with a half-bin time shift. The “just detectable” limit corresponds to the intensity that gives a count excess above background at the 95% confidence level. (Right) The NuSTAR sensitivity for this observation with t 100 sbin = and s 60 60bin = ´ . The black diamonds correspond to the peaks of the EM distributions in the left plot. The red curve is the level at which RHESSI would detect 10 cts s−1 detector−1, approximately the instrument limit for imaging and spectroscopy. The quiet-Sun transient brightenings observed by Yohkoh/SXT (Krucker et al. 1997) are shown as an orange striped box; these events are below the sensitivity limit for this observation. Yohkoh/SXT upper limits on higher-temperature brightenings are shown as orange arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nustar-limits-on-10-20-kev-photon-flux-for-this-3bowvyky.png Figure 6. NuSTAR limits on 10–20 keV photon flux for this observation, calculated for the sum of FPMA and FPMB and three different temporal binnings (dwells). Each distribution includes every macropixel from two image cubes: one with no time shift and one with a half-bin time shift. The dashed line is the RHESSI detection limit at 10 keV. The dotted line is the average RHESSI microflare flux at 10 keV from Hannah et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-probability-distributions-of-flux-loss-e3uxh8a5.png Figure 7. Cumulative probability distributions of flux loss for several different values of flare duration divided by bin width. For values of T 0.5t < , there is no flux loss in the best time bin, which we selected for every trial. Results are shown for a triangle profile (solid lines) and a half-triangle profile with an immediate rise and linear decay (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-nustar-image-2-kev-in-the-fpma-telescope-25es9ad8.png Figure 1. (Left) NuSTAR image >2 keV in the FPMA telescope integrated over the 2014 November 1 north pole pointing. The detected emission is consistent with ghost rays produced by active regions outside the instrument FoV. (Right) Time profiles of the NuSTAR livetime (top panel), the GOES1–8Å flux (middle panel), and the RHESSI3–6 and 6–12 keV fluxes (bottom panel). The slow rise peaking at 22:18 UT in the RHESSI light curve is solar in origin, but outside NuSTARʼs FoV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-single-frame-of-a-nustar-fpma-image-cube-with-3soaonpp.png Figure 2. (Left) Single frame of a NuSTAR FPMA image cube, with the solar limb overlaid in black. Spatial binning is 60 60 ´ and temporal binning is 100 s. (Right) NuSTAR count spectra from both telescopes, integrated over the full north pole pointing and the full FoV. Error bars shown are the square root of the number of counts in each bin. Most or all of the counts in both panels are due to ghost rays from active regions outside the FoV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-incident-counts-during-this-observation-per-12al0syl.png Figure 4. (Left) Incident counts during this observation per 100 s time bin for the region shown in the right panel. (Right) Bright region of the NuSTAR FoV selected for the light curve plotted in the left panel indicated by a white rectangle. The pixels outlined in white were not included in the light curve due to the presence of fluxes above the detection threshold in the peak time bin. https://scispace.com/papers/first-principles-study-of-the-mixed-oxide-a-fe-cr-o-3-59bkae9ztp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-lattice-constants-axial-ratio-c-a-magnetic-moments-1yfhnc86.png TABLE II. Lattice constants, axial ratio (c/a), magnetic moments and direct band gap (Eg) for antiferromagnetic corundum-related α-Fe2O3, α-FeCrO3 and α-Cr2O3. https://scispace.com/papers/first-report-linear-incision-for-placement-of-a-magnetically-1i79nkqoy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-healed-linear-incision-in-first-patient-3-months-12bhj2ft.png Fig 4: A. Healed linear incision in first patient 3-months after placement of magnetically coupled BAHI. Note some alopecia, likely a result of two surgical procedures in same location. B. Magnetically coupled sound processor in place. C. Hair completely covering the magnetically coupled BAHI device and implant site. D. Healed linear incision of second patient 3-months after placement of device. E. Magnetically coupled sound processor in place. F. Hair completely covering the device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-intraoperative-skin-markings-demonstrating-a-smaller-3q13kqn6.png Fig 2: A: Intraoperative skin markings demonstrating a smaller and more anteriorly located linear incision for magnetically coupled BAHI implantation. B. Surgical planning guide demonstrating adequacy of planned incision length. C. Magnet placed through linear incision with 6 mm skin flaps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-intraoperative-skin-markings-for-the-traditional-c-2fcyw8qn.png Fig 1: Intraoperative skin markings for the traditional C-shaped incision (solid line) used in BAHI surgery. https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-commitment-and-sovereign-default-risk-3hrok3cg3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-tax-rate-schedules-under-the-discretionary-q3fepnub.png Figure 4: The Tax Rate Schedules under the Discretionary Fiscal Policy and Tax Commitments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-values-under-baseline-calibration-e6eb4mje.png Table 2: Parameter Values under Baseline Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lifetime-utility-and-the-expected-value-in-the-32corvfb.png Figure 3: Lifetime utility and the expected value in the second period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effects-of-tax-commitments-14xn3in2.png Figure 7: The Effects of Tax Commitments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-decision-rules-under-discretionary-fiscal-policy-1gwup76l.png Figure 6: Decision Rules under Discretionary Fiscal Policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-model-moments-for-the-model-with-sg-3-18gj2ryd.png Table D.2: Model Moments for the Model with σg = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-parameter-values-for-the-model-with-sg-3-1gig6j0t.png Table D.1: Parameter Values for the Model with σg = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-numerical-results-of-the-two-period-model-3laz2nf5.png Table 1: The Numerical Results of the Two-period Model https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-commitment-and-sovereign-default-risk-ieajc9a3f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-long-run-statistics-with-sg-3-139auavs.png Table 5: Long-run Statistics with σg = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-values-under-baseline-calibration-1cwe0t19.png Table 2: Parameter Values under Baseline Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lifetime-utility-and-the-expected-value-in-the-30etnfq8.png Figure 3: Lifetime utility and the expected value in the second period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effects-of-tax-commitments-1vf1duf7.png Figure 7: The Effects of Tax Commitments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-decision-rules-under-discretionary-fiscal-policy-4mkc1r5y.png Figure 6: Decision Rules under Discretionary Fiscal Policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-model-moments-for-the-model-with-sg-3-jdav60ve.png Table D.2: Model Moments for the Model with σg = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-parameter-values-for-the-model-with-sg-3-2po1b8kg.png Table D.1: Parameter Values for the Model with σg = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-numerical-results-of-the-two-period-model-1pheab4w.png Table 1: The Numerical Results of the Two-period Model https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-consolidation-under-electoral-risk-3dfwcy0w0l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-effect-of-electoral-margins-and-electoral-29pdb83r.png Figure 1: Estimated effect of electoral margins and electoral cycles on probability of consolidation event; predicted probabilities were computed using the ‘observed-value approach’ (Hanmer and Kalkan 2013); 95% confidence intervals were computed using a simulation of 1000 draws https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-strategic-election-timing-1ner1km8.png Table 3: Strategic election timing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-one-unit-decrease-in-logged-margin-of-21krswgy.png Figure 2: Effect of one-unit decrease in logged margin of victory on fiscal consolidation size (% of GDP); 95% confidence intervals were computed using the Delta Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-fiscal-consolidation-events-and-2oo995nw.png Table 2: Determinants of fiscal consolidation events and consolidation size https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-3vew3ivh.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-discipline-and-the-cost-of-public-debt-service-some-clic8odxlm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-world-fiscal-policy-2zqc6u7v.png Table 5: World fiscal policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-financial-development-14erp4qf.png Table 6: Financial development https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-panel-integration-and-cointegration-tests-191z4q8z.png Table 1: Panel Integration and Cointegration Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-long-term-interest-rates-and-fiscal-policy-dynamic-3dqiigjf.png Table 10: Long-term interest rates and fiscal policy Dynamic estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-alternative-left-hand-side-variables-vsgouai3.png Table 9: Alternative left-hand side variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-long-term-interest-rates-and-fiscal-policy-linear-11dx50pn.png Table 2: Long-term interest rates and fiscal policy Linear specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-long-term-interest-rates-and-fiscal-policy-1f9hieyx.png Table 3: Long-term interest rates and fiscal policy Nonlinearities https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-term-structure-of-interest-rates-ld2z1vrm.png Table 8: The term-structure of interest rates https://scispace.com/papers/fishery-share-systems-itq-markets-and-the-distribution-of-2xt3e9ljt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-owners-bear-100-of-quota-costs-in-000-3ror2iyd.png Table I. Owners bear 100% of quota costs (in $000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-buyers-bear-50-of-quota-costs-sellers-keep-100-of-wwl3pmxl.png Table III. Buyers bear 50% of quota costs; sellers keep 100% of quota income (in $000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-owners-bear-50-of-quota-costs-in-000-2wv3clk6.png Table II. Owners bear 50% of quota costs (in $000) https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-policy-and-lending-relationships-5fl69lxey4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-impulse-responses-from-the-svar-over-1o4l3jmo.png Figure 1: Estimated impulse responses from the SVAR over sample 1954q1 2007q4 to a shock to government consumption expenditure of size 1% of real output (shaded areas represent 90% con dence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-choice-itn7tpgh.png Table 1: Parameter choice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-ects-of-some-model-features-impulse-responses-to-30gjsxqt.png Figure 4: E ects of some model features (impulse responses to a government spending expansion of 1% of output) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-nancial-accelerator-e-ect-impact-responses-to-a-2gupvezs.png Figure 3: The nancial accelerator e ect (impact responses to a government spending expansion of 1% of output). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-responses-to-a-shock-to-government-1uoyiu96.png Figure 2: Impulse responses to a shock to government consumption expenditures of size 1% of real output. https://scispace.com/papers/fishing-power-functions-in-aggregate-bioeconomic-models-2inidg6kjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-estimated-fishing-power-indices-by-2eazngyr.png Table 1. A comparison of estimated fishing power indices by state, 1957-75 https://scispace.com/papers/fishing-strategy-development-under-changing-conditions-3nbu41kvwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-annual-variations-of-diamond-the-proportion-of-3cywgwgk.png Figure 17: Annual variations of, (diamond) the proportion of Boulogne vessels which targeted mainly saithe (strategies B1, B2, B4), (square) saithe SSB,(star) saithe TAC (ICES areas IIIa and IV) and, (triangle) mean of saithe price. Each of these four variables has been scaled to its maximum value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-finalised-strategies-1985-2002-urvvp9xw.png Table 3: Description of the finalised strategies (1985-2002). Each strategy is defined with the proportion (mean% / standard deviation) of landings weight for different stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-dendrogram-of-vessels-fishing-in-2002-obtained-39kragjh.png Figure 12: dendrogram of vessels fishing in 2002 obtained from hierarchical agglomerative cluster https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficient-of-pearson-if-p-0-01-4j2a8bka.png Table 4: correlation coefficient of Pearson. * if p < 0.01%. Proportion: proportion of vessels taking part in the saithe strategy (strategies B1, B2, B4); SSB: spawning stock biomass of saithe; TAC: Total Allowable Catch of saithe; price: landing price of saithe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-distribution-of-a-fishing-effort-and-of-b-1ljyn6sj.png Figure 4: Spatial distribution of (a) fishing effort and of (b) saithe, (c) blue ling and (d) roundnose https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-distribution-of-a-fishing-effort-and-of-b-1o0ztj09.png Figure 3: Spatial distribution of (a) fishing effort and of (b) saithe, (c) blue ling and (d) roundnose https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-number-of-vessels-by-fishing-strategy-for-the-g9amk3oo.png Figure 13: Number of vessels by fishing strategy for the Lorient fleet over the period 1985-2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dendrogram-of-vessels-fishing-in-1991-obtained-from-wr6uf70p.png Figure 8: dendrogram of vessels fishing in 1991 obtained from hierarchical agglomerative cluster based on Euclidian inter-individual distance. Name of group is indicated on abscissa with details in table 2a and 2b. https://scispace.com/papers/fission-and-fusion-nuclear-reactions-second-law-analyses-49nixgudqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-binding-potentials-in-fission-and-fusion-nuclear-3kzncbhj.png Figure 1. Binding potentials in fission and fusion nuclear reactions. The horizontal x-axis represents the distance between interacting particles, the vertical y-axis represents the inter-particle energy. https://scispace.com/papers/fixed-bed-column-process-as-a-strategy-for-separation-and-273q1l2lom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-chromatogram-at-254-nm-for-fractions-f-obtained-2ie6b7sb.png Figure 4. UV chromatogram at 254 nm for fractions (F) obtained during solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge: (A) F12, (B) F13, and (C) F14. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-structures-of-a-cephamycin-c-b-penicillin-607jzk4f.png Figure 5. Molecular structures of (A) cephamycin C, (B) penicillin N, (C) deacetylcephalosporin C, and (D) deacetoxycephalosporin C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cephamycin-c-profile-during-fraction-application-ppvmcuem.png Figure 3. Cephamycin C profile during fraction application, washing, and elution during solid-phase extraction on a C18 cartridge. The fraction consisted of the purified peak of CepC obtained after ion exchange. Washing was carried out using deionized water, and methanol (50%) was used in elution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adsorption-and-elution-profiles-of-cephamycin-c-zvww7kfl.png Figure 2. Adsorption and elution profiles of cephamycin C, compounds with antibacterial activity and contaminants in fixed-bed columns with Q Sepharose XL resin at three flow rates (corresponding linear velocities): (A) 2.5 mL/min (5.3 m/s), (B) 5.0 mL/min (10.6 m/s), (C) 7.5 mL/min (15.9 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-calculated-from-breakthrough-curves-in-cprb4lbl.png Table 1. Parameters Calculated from Breakthrough Curves in Fixed-Bed Columns Packed with Q Sepharose XL Resin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-profiles-of-cephamycin-c-contaminants-and-14ptum5v.png Figure 1. Profiles of cephamycin C, contaminants, and antimicrobial activity during feed application and part of the washing step in fixedbed columns with Q Sepharose XL resin. CR1, 2.5 mL/min (5.3 m/s); CR2, 5.0 mL/min (10.6 m/s); CR3, 7.5 mL/min (15.9 m/s). Values are given in flow rates (corresponding linear velocity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-total-ion-chromatogram-tic-and-b-f-base-peak-2tgpqfwm.png Figure 6. (A) Total-ion chromatogram (TIC) and (B−F) base-peak chromatograms of the clarified broth used in the ion-exchange column process. Base-peak chromatograms were obtained by selecting the m/z ratio for each monitored compound, as follows: (B) cephamycin C (m/z 447), (C) penicillin N (m/z 360), (D) deacetylcephalosporin C (m/z 374), (E) deacetoxycephalosporin C (m/z 358), (F) lysine (m/z 147). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-total-ion-chromatogram-tic-and-b-f-base-peak-3vsdf069.png Figure 7. (A) Total-ion chromatogram (TIC) and (B−F) base-peak chromatograms of F12 obtained during solid-phase extraction. Basepeak chromatograms were obtained by selecting the m/z ratio for each monitored compound, as follows: (B) cephamycin C (m/z 447), (C) penicillin N (m/z 360), (D) deacetylcephalosporin C (m/z 374), (E) deacetoxycephalosporin C (m/z 358), (F) lysine (m/z 147). https://scispace.com/papers/fixed-exchange-rate-regimes-real-undervaluation-and-economic-3wou3umsjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-undervaluation-and-industrial-employment-exports-and-3re7uryo.png Table 5 Undervaluation and industrial employment, exports and investment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quasi-relative-relative-tfps-in-industrial-and-6qn9jusl.png Figure 3 Quasi-relative-relative TFPs in industrial and developing countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-undervaluation-and-shares-of-industrial-employment-2fzd477z.png Table 8 Undervaluation and shares of industrial employment, exports and investment in industrial countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1fctoi0d.png Table 1 Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-differentials-of-tfp-comparison-with-eu-27ord0bw.png Figure 1 Growth differentials of TFP: comparison with EU KLEMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-testing-real-undervaluation-under-different-jvkx9hac.png Table 3 Testing real undervaluation under different definitions of a fixed exchange rate regime https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-undervaluation-and-growth-industrial-versus-27zmngut.png Table 7 Undervaluation and growth: Industrial versus developing countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-growth-2w32bhnt.png Table 6 Determinants of growth https://scispace.com/papers/fixed-term-employment-contracts-in-an-equilibrium-search-5gp56030h1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c2kkrs05.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unemployment-rate-1ie7xrfq.png FIGURE 3: Unemployment Rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-welfare-cost-of-contracts-consumption-equivalent-ydw6gzo1.png Figure 10: Welfare Cost of Contracts Consumption equivalent relative to Laissez-Faire https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-duration-of-unemployment-hfwau9b3.png FIGURE 5: Average Duration of Unemployment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-share-of-permanent-workers-in-total-employment-for-21g0gak8.png FIGURE 6: Share of Permanent Workers in Total Employment for differentg contract length J https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-firing-rate-3l9i12ir.png FIGURE 4: Firing Rate https://scispace.com/papers/fixed-parameter-tractability-of-multicut-parameterized-by-4voe4pl42k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-instance-with-7-components-the-strong-circles-2kkts8c1.png Figure 1: An instance with 7 components. The strong circles are the vertices of W , the numbers show the number of legs for each component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-solution-s-where-the-isolated-part-x-consists-of-2fxgthg2.png Figure 2: A solution S where the isolated part X consists of 9 important components (the components of G\X and the set W are not shown in the figure). The isolated part is the disjoint union of 5 important clusters: C1 ∪C2, C3 ∪C4, C5, C6 ∪C7 ∪C8, and C9. https://scispace.com/papers/flat-top-supercontinuum-and-tunable-femtosecond-fiber-laser-2sq8xih2zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-schematic-of-the-mopa-system-consisting-of-tdf-18dq6gq2.png Fig. 8. The schematic of the MOPA system consisting of TDF seed laser and amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-rf-spectra-of-the-seed-laser-pulses-200-khz-10df1jti.png Fig. 6. Measured RF spectra of the seed laser pulses: 200 kHz frequency span and 1 kHz resolution bandwidth (a); 2 MHz frequency span and 1 kHz resolution bandwidth (b); 2 GHz frequency span, 1 MHz resolution bandwidth (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-rf-spectra-of-mopa-output-200-khz-frequency-6bci1w5a.png Fig. 7. Measured RF spectra of MOPA output: 200 kHz frequency span and 1 kHz resolution bandwidth (a); 2 MHz frequency span and 1 kHz resolution bandwidth (b); GHz frequency span and 1 MHz resolution bandwidth (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-of-the-tdf-raman-soliton-mopa-system-3chn3vy3.png Fig. 1. The schematic of the TDF Raman soliton MOPA system consisting of TDF seed laser and amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-11-a-e-show-the-evolution-of-the-spectra-before-and-dzbj4ubi.png Figures 11(a-e) show the evolution of the spectra before and after propagation through 15-cm nonlinear fiber for different pump energies. The pulse energy of pump varied from 5.6 to 9.7 nJ, resulting in the increase of the energy of the output pulses from 1.1 to 2 nJ. The coupling efficiency into the chalcogenide fiber was 20 - 25%. Fig. 11e shows the broadest spectral coverage of 680 nm, from 1850 to 2530 nm. The output power in (e) reached 168 mW. The spectra had flatness of ∼9 dB at the wavelength range of 2.02-2.45 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematic-of-the-setup-for-mid-ir-femtosecond-17m079b8.png Fig. 10. Schematic of the setup for mid-IR femtosecond supercontinuum generation in nonlinear fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-seed-laser-emission-spectrum-a-the-evolution-of-the-jaugqsup.png Fig. 9. Seed laser emission spectrum (a), the evolution of the spectra in relation to the output power (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-seed-laser-emission-spectrum-a-evolution-of-the-1daw04bi.png Fig. 2. The seed laser emission spectrum (a); evolution of the spectrum after amplification at low pump powers (b); evolution of the spectrum in the regime of tunable Raman soliton (c), birth and tuning of the second soliton (d); and typical interferometric autocorrelation measured for soliton at 2.09 µm (e) for the high-repetition-rate Raman soliton MOPA. https://scispace.com/papers/flavonols-and-dihydroflavonols-inhibit-the-main-protease-2lh3f6trr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-affinity-scores-of-11-compounds-binding-to-the-main-v9r83vm1.png Table 1 Affinity scores of 11 compounds binding to the main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and HuCoV-229E https://scispace.com/papers/flavor-superconductivity-from-gauge-gravity-duality-4h4ogx2gew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-movement-of-quasinormal-modes-under-changes-of-the-1vzziujb.png Figure 18. Movement of quasinormal modes under changes of the temperature T : The different colors indicate the different fluctuations X (red), Y (green) and a32 (blue). The higher excitations of the fields X and Y behave as excitations with a non-zero quark mass. This indicates a dynamical generation of the meson mass. https://scispace.com/papers/flawed-methods-in-a-oecovid-19-attacks-the-1-beta-chain-of-4p1q65z4dw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-superposition-of-chain-a-of-3r8j-human-haem-binding-3nwd0kh1.png Figure 1. Superposition of chain A of 3r8j (human haem-binding protein-2, light blue) on chain A of 6vyo (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, orange), using least-squares superposition of the top motif identified using MEME. The RMSD achieved in the superposition is 7.7 Å over 27 alpha-carbon atoms. This rules out the conclusion from motif searches that these proteins have shared function. All figures were prepared with ChimeraX (Goddard et al., 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-superposition-of-the-fragmentary-swiss-model-model-1kh3grwx.png Figure 3. Superposition of the fragmentary SWISS-MODEL model 8 (light blue) of ORF3a on the AlphaFold model of the same protein, shown in orange. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-search-for-conserved-motifs-using-the-30dw6jjk.png Table 1. Results of search for conserved motifs using the MEME server https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cartoon-view-of-pdb-entry-6eha-human-haem-oxygenase-3hbddhjd.png Figure 2. Cartoon view of PDB entry 6eha (human haem oxygenase-1), a target for a search for motifs associated with catalytic action on haem. The haem group bound in the active site on the right is shown in sticks, while the motif identified by MEME is highlighted in cyan on the opposite side of the molecule, where it is clearly not involved in haem binding or catalysis. https://scispace.com/papers/flexibility-in-faculty-work-life-policies-at-medical-schools-4c2u3yl6hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-work-life-policy-scoring-key-20roohpt.png Table 1. Work-Life Policy Scoring Key https://scispace.com/papers/flexible-and-continuous-execution-of-real-time-critical-46me0lvlfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-softrobot-architecture-tofqc1xm.png Figure 2 SoftRobot architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-primitive-net-lifecycle-dashed-items-are-extensions-8e49tf73.png Figure 3 Primitive net lifecycle (dashed items are extensions for net scheduling, c.f. Sect. 5.3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scheduling-of-two-primitive-nets-net-states-rd-26ehp39f.png Figure 4 Scheduling of two primitive nets. Net states: (RD) ready, (RU) running, (S) scheduled, (T) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-supported-hardware-with-tested-cycle-times-for-104smugj.png Table 1 Supported hardware with tested cycle times for hardware control. Primitive nets have been https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-motion-blending-1z8o593r.png Figure 1 Motion blending https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-primitive-net-example-a-robot-follows-a-cartesian-2fif1xpy.png Figure 5 primitive net example: a robot follows a Cartesian trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-primitive-net-for-a-motion-from-point-a-to-c-1x43jdxv.png Figure 6 Primitive net for a motion from point A to C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-primitive-net-for-a-motion-from-point-c-to-e-with-3et1mnau.png Figure 7 Primitive net for a motion from point C to E with blending https://scispace.com/papers/flexibility-in-metal-forming-uw14xu9y9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-key-factors-pursued-in-industry-4-0-33btrnxk.png Fig. 1. Three key factors pursued in industry 4.0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-asymmetric-spinning-148-3rjithon.png Fig. 9. Asymmetric spinning [148] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-43-tailored-tempering-76-1r86vamo.png Fig. 43. Tailored tempering [76] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-62-tool-path-design-of-incremental-forming-43-2u72k2z6.png Fig. 62. Tool path design of incremental forming [43] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-tube-fabrication-by-spinning-utilizing-elastomer-194-gus9reny.png Fig. 12. Tube fabrication by spinning utilizing elastomer [194] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-produced-examples-of-non-circular-spinning-16-17-14x5zi85.png Fig. 10. Produced examples of non-circular spinning [16, 17] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-schematic-of-concept-of-flexible-roll-forming-with-38w207w4.png Fig. 13. Schematic of concept of flexible roll forming with additional forming unit (a) Apparatus (b) Design of blank [55] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-asymmetric-spinning-148-1i0bqomk.png Fig. 9. Asymmetric spinning [148] https://scispace.com/papers/flexural-mode-of-graphene-on-a-substrate-1guf21s3ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-representation-of-the-model-used-for-1vdwf5vx.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Representation of the model used for the graphene membrane-substrate coupling. (b) Density plot of the spectral function A(q,ω) for graphene on SiO2 [in units of πω20/(2γ0)]. For ω < cTq, it is zero everywhere, except at the dispersion relation of the fR mode ωfR(q), where it is a Dirac delta function with weight ZfR(q) shown in the inset. For ω > cTq, A(q,ω) is finite, with a peak close to ωfG(q) = √ α2q4 + ω20, which becomes very broad for small q, indicating that the flexural phonon becomes poorly defined. Vertical lines are q = cR/( √ 2α) and q = cR/α. We used g = 1.82 × 1020 J/m4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-comparison-of-computed-a-q-o-density-plot-2eznrrhf.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Comparison of computed A(q,ω) [density plot in units of πω20/(2γ0)] with experimental phonon dispersion relations (solid squares) for graphene on three substrates, (a) TaC, (b) HfC, and (c) TiC, obtained via high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) in Ref. 15 (cyan squares: flexural mode; red squares: possible Rayleigh mode). Insets: Weight of fR mode on the graphene membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-second-order-sunset-diagram-contributing-to-the-p8iwwom7.png FIG. 4. Second-order sunset diagram contributing to the electron self-energy. The solid lines represent electron propagators, while wiggly lines represent height-height membrane propagators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-thermal-expansion-coefficient-of-1igw63km.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) Thermal expansion coefficient of graphene on SiO2 and hBN substrates (solid lines) and high temperature limits (dashed lines). Also shown is the estimated high temperature thermal expansion coefficient for free standing graphene (Ref. 12). (b) Electrical resistivity due to flexural phonons in graphene on SiO2 and hBN for a electronic density n = 1012 cm−2. Dashed lines show the individual contribution of scattering by two fR modes. g = 1.82 × 1020 J/m4 was used for both substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-material-parameters-for-different-substrates-and-gdycm3w0.png TABLE I. Material parameters for different substrates and computed values for ω0, γ0, and cR. The transition metal carbides were approximated by isotropic materials, with the data for TaC and HfC taken from polycrystalline samples (Ref. 33), while for TiC only the constants c11 and c44 were used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-plot-of-d-q-0-for-graphene-on-a-sio2-3dtayqw3.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Plot of D(q,0) for graphene on a SiO2 substrate. Its behavior changes from the one of a free membrane at large q, 1/q4, to the one of the substrate at low q, 1/q. (b) Plot of 〈h(0)h(0)〉 as a function of temperature for SiO2 and hBN substrates (solid lines) and high temperature limits (dashed lines). g = 1.82 × 1020 J/m4 was used for both substrates. https://scispace.com/papers/floating-s-and-p-type-gaussian-orbitals-hpjceib7xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-models-of-o-containing-molecules-268tb9fk.png Table 1 Parameters for models of O containing molecules https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-models-of-f-containing-molecules-8c5snubc.png Table 2 Parameters for models of F containing molecules https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-total-energies-in-hartrees-33z5ktl1.png Table 4 Comparison of total energies (in hartrees) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-approximate-linear-relation-between-orbital-energies-23g1qelm.png Table 5 Approximate linear relation between orbital energies https://scispace.com/papers/floating-underwater-manipulation-developed-control-oxvpn3eoux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-trial-time-history-of-the-a-functions-a-3uivg03j.png Figure 6: Simulation trial: time history of the α functions (a) camera centering, camera distance, camera height, manipulability and arm elbow tasks (b) joint limits task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-camera-occlusion-task-b-camera-centering-task-1rlhybmi.png Figure 2: (a) camera occlusion task (b) camera centering task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulation-trial-a-time-history-of-joint-velocity-3gt6bv37.png Figure 8: Simulation trial: (a) time history of joint velocity vector q̇ (b) time history of the vehicle velocity vector v https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-trial-a-time-history-of-the-2obvslzk.png Figure 7: Simulation trial: (a) time history of the manipulability measure µ (b) time history of the q vector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-experimental-trial-in-majorca-harbour-snapshots-314ys4dv.png Figure 13: Experimental trial in Majorca harbour: snapshots taken from the on-board camera. The approximated extension of the seabed is reported in each frame, along with the time instant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-girona-pool-trials-time-history-of-a-q-positions-1ljqxgt6.png Figure 12: Girona pool trials: time history of (a) q positions near end of races (b) manipulability measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-majorca-harbour-trials-time-history-of-the-a-1t1szd98.png Figure 14: Majorca harbour trials: time history of the α functions of the inequality tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-majorca-harbour-trials-time-history-of-the-arm-25qi5j7t.png Figure 15: Majorca harbour trials: time history of the arm velocity reference q̇: (a) complete graph (b) zoom to show the continuity https://scispace.com/papers/flood-detection-framework-fusing-the-physical-sensing-social-54mrv3r08d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-social-sensor-data-at-a-glance-18lugp6z.png Fig. 1: Social & Sensor Data at a Glance https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-evaluation-metrics-for-ellicott-city-flood-data-22k3084b.png TABLE II: Evaluation Metrics for Ellicott City Flood Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classification-accuracy-2jzr35v2.png TABLE I: Classification Accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-localized-flood-related-classification-tweets-94bvqtuz.png TABLE III: Localized Flood Related Classification Tweets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-social-and-physical-model-integration-output-2t5fiwlc.png Fig. 4: Social and Physical Model Integration Output https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-model-and-components-5kov8wxj.png Fig. 3: Proposed Model and Components https://scispace.com/papers/flour-from-prosopis-alba-cotyledons-a-natural-source-of-4v8oikx52p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-identification-and-content-of-the-main-flavonoids-in-357epggl.png Table 3: Identification and content of the main flavonoids in the phenolic-enriched extract of Prosopis alba cotyledons from the Argentinian Chaco. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 6 were quantified with a reference curve of schaftoside. Compounds 7 and 8 were https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-amino-acid-composition-of-prosopis-alba-cotyledons-1tz1c8om.png Table 2. Amino acid composition of Prosopis alba cotyledons compared to soy, wheat, skim milk and FAO/WHO reference values https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-characterization-of-prosopis-alba-34g931mn.png Table 1. Chemical characterization of Prosopis alba cotyledons flour https://scispace.com/papers/flow-around-a-sphere-in-an-oscillating-stream-of-a-dusty-3q539ujjq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-values-of-q-for-various-values-of-a-and-b-14suuqu1.png Table 1: The values of |Q| for various values of α and β. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-streamline-pattern-for-the-steady-secondary-flow-3zmf19d7.png Figure 3: Streamline pattern for the steady secondary flow for α = 0.05, β = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-problem-34rtb4wu.png Figure 1: Schematic of the problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-streamline-pattern-for-the-steady-secondary-flow-1lmql5cj.png Figure 2: Streamline pattern for the steady secondary flow for α = 0, β = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-values-of-f-for-various-values-of-a-and-b-3emotbgq.png Table 2: The values of −f(∞) for various values of α and β. https://scispace.com/papers/flower-fuzzy-lower-than-best-effort-transport-protocol-531fi5eddb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ledbat-problems-20rikgqy.png Fig. 1: LEDBAT problems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-membership-functions-and-the-rule-table-of-the-j6sc71s8.png Fig. 3: The membership functions and the rule table of the FLOWER fuzzy controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tcp-and-lbe-congestion-windows-and-bottleneck-queue-2s7uuzgc.png Fig. 4: TCP and LBE congestion windows and bottleneck queue length as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rate-distribution-of-tcp-and-lbe-flows-2gnx8d7m.png Fig. 5: Rate distribution of TCP and LBE flows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-flower-and-ledbat-as-feedback-control-38vmk9sn.png Fig. 2: Block diagram of FLOWER and LEDBAT as feedback control systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lbe-congestion-windows-and-bottleneck-queue-length-as-1lhp2s4a.png Fig. 6: LBE congestion windows and bottleneck queue length as a function of time. https://scispace.com/papers/flow-into-an-arterial-branch-model-3muf1kl0k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pressure-distributions-along-the-centerlines-of-mt-197sac2z.png Fig. 11 Pressure distributions along the centerlines of MT and RDT for θ=π/8 and Re = 500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-axial-wall-shear-distributions-along-the-inner-wall-2k9rkkj8.png Fig. 10 Axial wall shear distributions along the inner wall of RDT for θ=π/8 and AR=1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-axial-wall-shear-distributions-along-the-right-wall-2452nbs9.png Fig. 12 Axial wall shear distributions along the right wall of MT and the outer wall of RDT for θ=π/8 and Re = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-axial-wall-shear-distributions-along-the-top-wall-of-3gr9hvlu.png Fig. 13 Axial wall shear distributions along the top wall of MT for θ=π/8 at Re=1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pressure-distributions-along-the-centerlines-of-mt-and-2a1a1t3m.png Fig. 4 Pressure distributions along the centerlines of MT and RDT for AR=1.0 at Re=500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-axial-wall-shear-distributions-along-the-right-wall-of-2xuvo5ue.png Fig. 5 Axial wall shear distributions along the right wall of MT and the outer wall of RDT for AR=1.0 at Re=500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-streamwise-velocity-surfaces-backflow-part-looking-11cd0o9c.png Fig. 14 Streamwise velocity surfaces (backflow part), looking down into the left daughter tube at Re = 1000 a) AR = 1.3, b) AR =1.6, and c) AR = 2.0 (Grid3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-axial-wall-shear-distributions-along-the-inner-wall-of-2ftq38kd.png Fig. 6 Axial wall shear distributions along the inner wall of RDT for AR=1.0 at Re=500. https://scispace.com/papers/flow-in-conical-shock-waves-a-signal-for-the-deconfinement-4dog8gm4y3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-picture-for-the-oblique-shock-wave-problern-bvcj5555.png FIG. 1. Schematic picture for the oblique-shock-wave problern (flow along a wedge) to introduce notation used in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schernatic-picture-of-the-flow-in-the-laboratory-3doowr3o.png FIG. 8. Schernatic picture of the flow in the laboratory systern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shock-polars-in-y-x-representation-for-hadronic-matter-1ux04kfh.png FIG. 2. Shock polars in y-X representation for hadronic matter described by the Walecka model (n, =O. 158 91 fm-', p0=922 MeV, lower curve) and the equation of state of Ref. 18 with Ko = 300 MeV (upper curve) for u := 10. Dotted lines correspond to supersonic flow behind the shock front, solid lines to subsonic flow. https://scispace.com/papers/fluid-inclusion-analysis-of-twinned-selenite-gypsum-beds-gbugn12gpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-bse-images-of-dolomite-areas-inside-gypsum-3h19qayx.png Fig. 6. SEM–BSE images of dolomite areas inside gypsum crystals. A. As Detail of the dolomite grains. Notice the voids and the filamentous aspec subcrystal in contact with silicate and dolomite filling (white arrows). of the dolomite and celestite crystals. The celestite crystals are related wi crystals. Gyp= gypsum; Dol= dolomite; Cel= celestite; Sil= Silicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photomicrograph-s-of-3-double-polished-sections-200-mm-35b0s8kv.png Fig. 5. Photomicrograph's of 3 double polished sections (200 μm) from Christmas-tree gypsum facies of the Madrid basin, each cut along one of the three spatial planes: X, Y and Z (according to Rodríguez-Aranda et al., 1995a). A. (X) section perpendicular to caxis. B. (Y) section parallel to (010). C. (Z) section parallel to (100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3d-type-sketch-of-a-christmas-tree-gypsum-sample-1uiaiy7d.png Fig. 11. 3D type sketch of a Christmas-tree gypsum sample, showing cr fluid inclusion types. Sketch on the right shows a single stage of crystal reflect the crystallographic axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-elemental-composition-eds-wt-of-fjsi9bdg.png Fig. 10. Comparison of the elemental composition (EDS wt.%) of dolomite and gypsum present in the samples with anhydrite and calcite standards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-sketch-diagrams-illustrating-the-relation-of-the-1pfoymn1.png Fig. 15. Sketch diagrams illustrating the relation of the Christmas-tree gypsum features analysed in the present work with the presumed seasonal lake water conditions under which they formed. The dark grey band represents a dolomite deposit (as in Fig. 3), separating actual gypsum growth/precipitation (non-coloured) from a previously formed gypsum bed (light grey). A. Normal gypsum precipitation conditions, with lake water salinities below 90 g/l. B. Lake brine freshening due to input of rain and/or seasonal water flow. Most detrital particles enter the lake during this period and dolomite precipitation took place. C. Lake desiccation stages. Gypsum growth ends and dehydration reactions take place, forming anhydrite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simplified-geological-sketch-map-of-the-madrid-ba-x0q6p01p.png Fig. 1. A. Simplified geological sketch map of the Madrid Ba Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the basin margin and sedimentary m (Miocene), after Rodríguez-Aranda et al. (1995a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sem-bse-images-of-dolomite-areas-inside-gypsum-34005cd9.png Fig. 9. SEM–BSE images of dolomite areas inside gypsum crystals. A. Gene dolomite; Sil= silicates; Cel= celestite. B. Detail image of the area marked and Mg in the area showed in B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-b-frequency-phase-final-ice-melting-temperature-3joteyid.png Fig. 14. A–B. Frequency-phase final ice melting temperature histograms (in °C) of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in Christmas-tree gypsum, respectively. C–D. Frequency-phase total salinity histograms (given as eq. wt.% NaCl), of primary and secondary fluid inclusions, respectively. Based on the preceding data. https://scispace.com/papers/fluorescence-diffuse-optical-tomography-using-the-split-4avt5it37h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-sb-for-simulated-phantom-data-a-1nya0gs0.png FIG. 4. Performance of SB for simulated phantom data. (a) Behavior of the optimum iteration number that led to optimum results (in terms of the solution error norm) versus the inverse of the data fidelity parameter k, for a fixed value of the nonnegativity parameter (a 10 1). (b) Solution error norm versus k and a (same results as in Figs. 2 and 3 for SB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-methods-in-terms-of-the-negative-1x32y8t2.png FIG. 3. Comparison of methods in terms of the negative relative part of the solution, ku u < 0ð Þk2= k uk2 (33), versus the iteration number, for simu lated phantom data (same results as Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstructions-of-computer-simulated-phantom-data-hk2ojgks.png FIG. 5. Reconstructions of computer simulated phantom data with the different methods (same results as in Figs. 2 and 3). Axial, coronal, and sagittal slices (columns from left to right) for (a c) target in the reconstruction mesh, reconstructions with (d f) GN, (g i) GN P0, and (j l) SB. The negative part of images has been set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profiles-along-y-and-z-axes-of-reconstructed-images-38ue8hjt.png FIG. 6. Profiles along y and z axes of reconstructed images (Fig. 5) using GN, GN P0 and SB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-reconstruction-of-experimental-phantom-data-with-gn-4kruuq1q.png FIG. 7. Reconstruction of experimental phantom data with GN, for two data fidelity parameters (k 0.32 and k 0.52); and with SB, for a data fidelity param eter k 10 3 and a nonnegativity weighting parameter k 10 2. a) Signal to noise ratio (SNR), b) data misfit k Ju gk2, and c) the relative nonnegativity norm of the image versus the number of iterations [Eq. (33)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-axial-coronal-and-sagittal-slices-columns-from-left-to-3o5ddwb3.png FIG. 8. Axial, coronal and sagittal slices (columns from left to right) for the reconstruction of experimental phantom data. Reconstruction with GN for data fi delity parameters (a c) k 0.32 and (d f) k 0.52 [Fig. 7(b)]. (g l) Reconstructions with SB (for k 10 3 and a nonnegativity weighting parameter k 10 2) at iterations 37 and 61 that corresponded to the same data misfits than with GN in Fig. 7(b). The negative part of images has been set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-finite-element-model-corresponding-to-the-physical-3h67ihi5.png FIG. 1. Finite element model corresponding to the physical slab geometry phantom with a cylindrical region filled with fluorophore. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-methods-in-terms-of-a-minimum-solution-2qvssp4o.png FIG. 2. Comparison of methods in terms of (a) minimum solution error norm for a range of the data fidelity parameter k, and (b) relative solution error versus iteration number, for the parameter k that minimizes the error in Fig. (a). https://scispace.com/papers/focused-ultrasound-modulation-of-hepatic-neural-plexus-4e3yp0e4ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-daily-pfus-stimulation-in-multiple-2lbvmbjw.png Figure 4. Effects of daily pFUS stimulation in multiple animal models of type II diabetes and species. A. The percent change in the concentration of neurotransmitters (NE, norepinephrine; EPI, epinephrine; NPY, neural peptide Y; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; glutamate; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ultrasound-stimulation-of-the-liver-brain-neural-15hgxx1q.png Figure 1. Ultrasound stimulation of the liver-brain neural pathway and effects on glucose metabolism. A. A schematic of the ultrasound stimulus target at the porta hepatis, known to contain afferent sensory neurons associated with the hepatoportal glucose sensing system.1-12,16-22 These neurons are known to communicate through IML (intermediolateral nucleus) and NTS (nucleus tractus solitaris), modulate specific https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tissue-specific-transcriptomic-changes-after-seven-vx954ts4.png Figure 5. Tissue-specific transcriptomic changes after seven weeks of daily pFUS stimulation of animal models of obese type II diabetes. A. Genetic (ZDF) and a DIO animal models of type II diabetes underwent seven weeks of daily pFUS stimulation along with sham treated control animals (n=5 per treatment group). B. The number of differential RNA transcripts (adjusted p-value < 0.1) that are upregulated (red arrows) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-pfus-on-peripheral-neurons-in-vitro-and-qkk95lyy.png Figure 2. Effects of pFUS on peripheral neurons in vitro and in vivo with and without specific ion channel blockers. A. Schematic of the 3D in vitro peripheral neuron culture system, and experimental setup (details provided in methods section) used to capture both bright field and fluorescence images of DRG neuron cells before and after pFUS stimulation. The diameter of hydrogel particles ~100 μm used for DRG neuron https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-porta-hepatis-pfus-stimulation-on-3bizp9j3.png Figure 3. Effects of porta hepatis pFUS stimulation on hypothalamic nerve pathways associated with metabolic control and energy homeostasis. A. Schematic position of electrode tips inserted into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to measure single neuron firing rates in response to glucose injections versus pFUS stimulation. B. Example firing rates from glucose excited (B i.; GE), glucose inhibited (B ii.; GI), or https://scispace.com/papers/folded-meander-line-antenna-for-wireless-m-bus-in-the-vhf-43jokrwp5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-azimuth-radiation-patterns-in-the-xy-plane-at-433-mhz-1h9ph27m.png Fig. 4 Azimuth radiation patterns in the xy-plane at 433 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-elevation-radiation-patterns-in-the-xz-plane-at-433-f5wjhmsb.png Fig. 5 Elevation radiation patterns in the xz-plane at 433 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-and-measured-s11-3gflu8v2.png Fig. 3 Simulated and measured S11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smith-chart-showing-matching-component-effect-2mr62xal.png Fig. 2 Smith chart showing matching component effect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-folded-meander-line-monopole-antenna-3pm6ulg1.png Fig. 1 Folded meander line monopole antenna. https://scispace.com/papers/fokker-planck-analysis-of-stochastic-coherence-in-models-of-2oap4tewup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-logarithm-of-the-regularity-r-plotted-as-a-3js29qcq.png FIG. 7. The logarithm of the regularity R plotted as a function of log10 D for = =10 −4 open symbols and = =10−2 solid symbols for =1.99. For each data set, on the left squares , noise is added to y alone. On the right circles noise is added to x alone. The uncertainty bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean over ten noise realizations. The solid curves are the results of the Fokker-Planck analysis described in Sec. IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-plot-of-the-escape-region-for-the-no-noise-rulkov-2mv7eiw7.png FIG. 13. A plot of the escape region for the no-noise Rulkov model for =1.99 and = =0.001. Initial points below the curve lead to trajectories that stay in the neighborhood of the fixed point, located at 0,0 in this plot. The steps in the curve are due to finite sampling of the initial conditions. Initial points above the curve lead to trajectories that make a large excursion through state space before returning to the fixed point. The cross, centered on the fixed point, indicates the standard deviation of the noise intensity when the regularity has its maximum value for these parameter values. The filled circle and square indicate the escape points for the onedimensional models. The short vertical and horizontal lines indicate the range of escape points used in the data fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-plot-of-xn-and-yn-as-a-function-of-iteration-number-1aqy70z2.png FIG. 1. A plot of xn and yn as a function of iteration number n for the Rulkov model with =2.02 and = =10−3. The noise terms have been set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noise-induced-pulses-in-the-rulkov-model-for-1-99-10-3-olphwfqr.png FIG. 3. Noise-induced pulses in the Rulkov model for =1.99, = =10−3 , Dx=1.6 10 −5, and Dy =0, after transients have died out. The upper trace is xn and the lower trace is yn as a function of iteration number n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rulkov-model-trajectories-xn-and-yn-as-a-function-of-3s592m31.png FIG. 2. Rulkov model trajectories xn and yn as a function of iteration number n for =1.99 and = =10−3. The trajectories approach the fixed point, whose coordinates are x*=−1 and y*= −1− /2. The noise terms have been set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-results-of-the-fokker-planck-analysis-described-in-2kszfvge.png FIG. 9. The results of the Fokker-Planck analysis described in the text solid curves and the simulation data for the Rulkov model with = =10−3. Open symbols, =1.99; solid symbols, =1.91. On the left Dx=0 squares ; on the right Dy =0 circles . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-plot-of-the-regularity-of-the-noise-induced-pulses-27dfik1e.png FIG. 11. A plot of the regularity of the noise-induced pulses for the FitzHugh Nagumo model. =0.001, =1.5. Solid symbols, b =0.4812; open symbols, b=0.53; squares, D =0; circles, Dw=0. The uncertainty bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean for ten noise realizations, each consisting of a sequence of 200 time units. Each pulse has a duration of about 1.5 time units. The solid curves are the results of the Fokker-Planck analysis described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-nullcline-cubic-curve-and-w-nullcline-straight-line-ia1fkqtg.png FIG. 12. nullcline cubic curve and w nullcline straight line for the FitzHugh-Nagumo model superposed on several noiseinduced pulse trajectories small circles for b=0.4812, =1.5, and =10−3. The activation, pulse, and recovery phases are indicated. The coordinates of the nullcline local minimum are A ,wA and those of the local maximum are P ,wP . The three fixed points for the no-noise version of Eq. 40 are indicated by the larger, filled-in circles. https://scispace.com/papers/foraging-ecology-of-parrotfishes-in-the-greater-caribbean-fojwm4cet4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-percent-of-all-foraging-bouts-on-live-coral-fish-2g6b2xtr.png Figure 10: Percent of all foraging bouts on live coral (fish follows, opportunistic observations, and remote footage) by each parrotfish species on different coral species in FKNMS (a) and St. Croix (b). Blank bars represent no corallivory events witnessed on the given coral species. Total foraging bouts on the given coral are represented on the top of each bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stacked-bar-chart-of-biomass-weighted-mean-g-100-m-2c5qh9h4.png Figure 1: Stacked bar chart of biomass (weighted mean g 100 m-2 ± SE) of parrotfishes at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resource-abundance-weighted-cover-preferred-food-29zksuj4.png Figure 4: Resource abundance (weighted % cover preferred food items) and a) diet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stacked-bar-chart-of-a-density-weighted-mean-n-100-1grsmpui.png Figure 5: Stacked bar chart of (a) density (weighted mean n 100 m-2 ± SE) and (b) biomass https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-species-averaged-dendrograms-using-food-preference-dyu688xo.png Figure 3: Species-averaged dendrograms using food preference data collected at a) FKNMS, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-benthic-cover-for-the-main-food-items-targeted-by-192r4zqd.png Figure 2: Benthic cover for the main food items targeted by parrotfishes at FKNMS and St. Croix sites across three different substrates: a) High-relief, b) boulder, rubble, sand, and c) pavement. Gorgonians, Sand, and Other are also included in figures to represent the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-model-output-for-tests-of-the-effect-of-x3ql04f7.png Table 1: Linear model output for tests of the effect of resource abundance (% cover preferred food) and species on (a) diet specialization, (b) foraging distance and (c) bite rate. LS=less specialized, MS= more specialized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-of-the-total-hours-of-observation-for-133eocbp.png Table 2: Summary table of the total hours of observation for remote footage and focal behavioral observations for each parrotfish species and the associated total number of corallivory events (bouts) at both FKNMS (FL) and St. Croix (STX) study sites. Table shows whether corallivory by each species has been documented in previous literature and whether this study documented any new target coral species. These data also include observations from Elbow Reef in FKNMS (2013) and opportunistic observations from 2014. https://scispace.com/papers/force-requirements-of-endocytic-vesicle-formation-4nysusurfp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-decreased-cell-turgor-pressure-and-plasma-membrane-3ll6zg8y.png Figure 3 Decreased cell turgor pressure and plasma membrane tension reduce force requirements of endocytosis. (a) FRET ratio profile of Sla2-HP35 force sensor in cells incubated in medium with 0.25 M sorbitol for 5-15 min (orange; n=101). FRET ratio profile of Sla2-HP35 sensor in cells incubated without sorbitol (blue, as in Fig. 1c; n=108) is shown for comparison. (b) FRET ratio profiles of Sla2-HP35 sensor in cells incubated in medium containing 5 μM palmitoylcarnitine (PalmC) in 0.1% DMSO (orange; n=99) or 0.1% DMSO only (blue; n=87) for 35-45 min. Mean FRET ratio profiles together with 95% confidence intervals are shown. Black lines indicate statistically significant differences between datasets with the range of p-values shown (Welch’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-force-requirements-of-endocytic-vesicle-formation-2d39pgyh.png Figure 1 Force requirements of endocytic vesicle formation measured by Sla2 force sensors. (a) Timeline of endocytosis in yeast (top) and scheme of the Sla2 force sensor (bottom). (Top) For clarity, only Sla2 protein (green-orange rod) and actin filaments (red) are shown beneath the plasma membrane (black) though many other endocytic coat- and actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins participate in the process. (Bottom) FRET-based tension sensor module (TSM) consisting of mTurquoise2 (mTq2) and mNeonGreen (mNG) fluorophores connected by the mechanosensitive peptide (either F40, HP35, or HP35st) is inserted between the dimerization coiled-coil motif (grey bar) and the actin-binding THATCH domain of Sla2. Force applied on Sla2 sensor by polymerizing actin cytoskeleton causes peptide extension and a drop in FRET ratio between mNG and mTq2. All actin-supplied force is transmitted over the Sla2 sensor due to deletion of the redundant actin-binding domain of Ent1 (Ent1ΔACB). (b) Time series of fluorescence signals of Sla2-HP35 sensor (Sla2) and actin marker Abp1-mScarlet-I (Abp1) at the endocytic site. Tiles are oriented so that the cell exterior is up and the cell interior down. (c) FRET ratio profiles of Sla2 force sensors Sla2-F40 (1-6 pN; n=92), Sla2-HP35 (6-8 pN; n=108) and Sla2-HP35st (9-11 pN, n=93) (blue) and respective Sla2 no force controls (n=58, 82, 61; grey) acquired at individual endocytic sites before vesicle scission. Mean FRET ratios together with 95% confidence intervals are shown. Black lines indicate statistically significant differences between datasets with the range of p-values shown (Welch’s t-test). Force sensitivities of individual TSMs are indicated in parentheses. (d) Time of appearance of Abp1-mScarlet-I fluorescence signal at endocytic sites of Sla2-HP35 strain (n=45). Centre, right and left lines of the box plot indicate the median, and the 25th and 75th percentiles of the dataset, respectively. Whiskers show the 5th and 95th percentiles. (e) Comparison of FRET ratio profiles of Sla2-HP35 (blue; 6-8 pN) and Sla2-HP35st (red; 9-11 pN) sensors shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-endocytic-force-transmission-system-becomes-2tyv15k4.png Figure 4 Endocytic force transmission system becomes insufficient under hypotonic conditions. (a) Lifetimes of fluorescence signal of Sla2-HP35 force sensor at endocytic sites of fps1Δ cells incubated in medium with 1 M sorbitol or shifted to hypotonic media with 0.5 M, 0.4 M and 0.25 M sorbitol for 30-60 min (blue dots). Endocytic sites arrested for the entire length of the 4 min acquisition are shown as red dots. (b) FRET ratio profiles of Sla2HP35st sensor in fps1Δ cells incubated in 1 M sorbitol medium (blue; n=64) or shifted to medium with 0.4 M sorbitol for 30-60 min (orange; n=72). Mean FRET ratio profiles together with 95% confidence intervals are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-role-of-membrane-remodelling-factors-in-endocytic-8jhb1pah.png Figure 2 Role of membrane-remodelling factors in endocytic force transmission. (a) FRET ratio profile of Sla2-HP35 force sensor during endocytic retraction events in cells deleted of the amphiphysin homolog, BAR-domain protein Rvs167 (n=59). Time 0 is the time of the furthest move of Sla2-HP35 fluorescence signal in the cytoplasm before its retraction back to the cell cortex as illustrated by representative time series of Sla2-HP35 at the endocytic site at the top (oriented so that the cell exterior is up and the cell interior down). (b) FRET ratio profile of Sla2-HP35 sensor in cells deleted of Bbc1, negative regulator of actin polymerization at the endocytic site (purple; n=62). FRET ratio profile of Sla2-HP35 sensor in cells expressing wild-type Bbc1 protein (blue, as in Fig. 1c; n=108) is shown for comparison. Mean FRET ratio profiles together with 95% confidence intervals are shown. Black lines indicate statistically significant differences between datasets with the range of p-values shown (Welch’s t-test). https://scispace.com/papers/force-velocity-modulation-strategies-for-soft-tissue-5gpnnzt7mm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-palpation-strategies-3ssliicd.png TABLE I. PALPATION STRATEGIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-arrangement-of-the-experimental-setup-1-a-subject-1iar2xer.png Fig. 1. The arrangement of the experimental setup: 1 – a subject is performing palpation of phantom tissue with three embedded nodules (a) in a unidirectional way on a predefined path of palpation (b); 2 – force and torque sensor measures load applied during palpation; 3 – Microsoft Kinect camera, using OpenCv algorithm, the hand trajectory; 4 – all data is recorded and synchronized https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-force-for-each-subject-shown-with-data-1r5iuoq4.png Fig. 5. Distribution of force for each subject shown with data points for each bar, fitted lines show inclination of force (dotted red line – experts, solid blue line – novices) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interval-bars-around-the-nodule-palpation-path-marked-3cxzf8e1.png Fig. 2. Interval bars around the nodule (palpation path marked blue) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-force-feedback-sensed-with-probe-based-on-decreasing-1afwbmk0.png Fig. 11. Force feedback sensed with probe based on decreasing velocity strategy https://scispace.com/papers/forage-dry-mass-accumulation-and-structural-characteristics-4xpgqve0uj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-specific-leaf-area-cm2-g-1-of-piata-grass-mean-3bkt7xh7.png Table 6 Specific leaf area (cm2 g 1) of Piatã grass (mean standard error of the mean) in a treeless area (control) and in silvopastoral system with eucalyptus urograndis with spacing between rows at 22 m (SSP22) and 12 m (SSP12) in the rainy and dry seasons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-leaf-area-index-cm-and-specific-leaf-area-cm2-g-1-of-551xqzhl.png Table 7 Leaf area index (cm) and specific leaf area (cm2 g 1) of Piatã grass (m2 leaf m 2 soil) in silvopastoral system with eucalyptus urograndis with spacing between rows at 22 m (SSP22) and 12 m (SSP12) in the sides West, Center and East in relation to the tree row. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-accumulation-rate-kg-ha-1-day-1-and-cumulative-dry-3cudtj7l.png Table 8 Accumulation rate (kg ha 1 day 1) and cumulative dry mass (kg ha 1) of Piatã grass (mean standard error of the mean) in a treeless area (control) and in silvopastoral system with eucalyptus urograndis with spacing between rows at 22 m (SSP22) and 12 m (SSP12) in the rainy and dry seasons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-accumulation-rate-kg-ha-1-day-1-and-cumulative-dry-qksdm2u6.png Table 9 Accumulation rate (kg ha 1 day 1) and cumulative dry mass (kg ha 1) of Piatã grass (mean standard error of the mean) in silvopastoral system with eucalyptus urograndis with spacing between rows at 22 m (SSP22) and 12 m (SSP12) in the sides West, Center East in relation to the tree row. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-water-balance-thornthwaite-and-mather-1955-from-35w561it.png Fig. 2. Water balance (Thornthwaite and Mather, 1955) from January 2013 through April 2014 in the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-forage-dry-mass-and-photosynthetically-active-3r8pifzj.png Fig. 4. Forage dry mass and photosynthetically active radiation available (PAR): A—relationship between PAR (mmol m 2 s 1) and forage dry mass (kg ha 1); B—radiation use efficiency (RUE) (kg ha 1 PAR 1)—means followed by different letters, in the same column, are significantly different by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reduction-of-photosynthetically-active-radiation-2d8kp98d.png Table 1 Reduction of photosynthetically active radiation available (PAR)a, compared to the control (no trees), at each location in treatments in silvopastoral system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-arrangement-of-exclusion-cages-in-t26lp839.png Fig. 3. Arrangement of exclusion cages in https://scispace.com/papers/forecast-accuracy-after-pretesting-with-an-application-to-4368donf0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-auxiliary-regressors-1956-1991-1g0xesc3.png Table 2a. Auxiliary regressors, 1956–1991. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pretest-forecast-probabilities-pr-yn-1-0-with-three-aw41535g.png Figure 2. Pretest forecast probabilities Pr(yn+1 > 0) with three sets of prediction intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-dependent-variable-and-focus-regressors-1956-1991-25m8a3gg.png Table 1a. Dependent variable and focus regressors, 1956–1991. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-upper-bounds-of-msfe-s2-estimated-properly-26yft4eu.png Figure 5. Upper bounds of MSFE, σ2 estimated ‘properly’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pretest-forecasts-yn-1-with-three-sets-of-3tof0ong.png Figure 1. Pretest forecasts ŷn+1 with three sets of prediction intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forecast-probabilities-pr-yn-1-0-for-three-38mg6q9x.png Figure 3. Forecast probabilities Pr(yn+1 > 0) for three procedures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-dependent-variable-and-focus-regressors-1992-2001-1ze2hbrz.png Table 1a. Dependent variable and focus regressors, 1956–1991. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-auxiliary-regressors-1992-2001-89e6l2fk.png Table 2a. Auxiliary regressors, 1956–1991. https://scispace.com/papers/forecast-horizon-aggregation-in-integer-autoregressive-379bkv8gww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-range-of-control-parameters-35ypll59.png Table 2 The range of control parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mse-mseof-aggregated-forecasts-for-inma-1-series-c3pdfg9w.png Table 4 MSE𝐴𝑔𝑔/MSEℎof aggregated forecasts for INMA(1) series when 𝑙 = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-5-mse-mse-of-aggregated-forecasts-for-inarma-11-1grpu997.png Table C-5 MSE𝐴𝑔𝑔/MSEℎ of aggregated forecasts for INARMA(1,1) series when 𝑙 = 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-4-mse-mse-of-aggregated-forecasts-for-inma-1-series-uwlwfoxk.png Table C-4 MSE𝐴𝑔𝑔/MSEℎ of aggregated forecasts for INMA(1) series when 𝑙 = 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-3-mse-mse-of-aggregated-forecasts-for-inma-1-series-27nx1ucw.png Table C-3 MSE𝐴𝑔𝑔/MSEℎ of aggregated forecasts for INMA(1) series when 𝑙 = 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-mse-mse-of-aggregated-forecasts-for-inar-1-series-1eyc6kqq.png Table C-2 MSE𝐴𝑔𝑔/MSEℎ of aggregated forecasts for INAR(1) series when 𝑙 = 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-mse-mse-of-aggregated-forecasts-for-inar-1-series-lyai0whn.png Table C-1 MSE𝐴𝑔𝑔/MSEℎ of aggregated forecasts for INAR(1) series when 𝑙 = 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-forecast-horizon-aggregated-inarma-3a9bx9f7.png Table 1 Parameters of the forecast horizon aggregated INARMA(p,q) model https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-recessions-the-puzzle-of-the-enduring-power-of-25sm3uj4qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-real-time-probability-forecasts-1kj7fcum.png Table 2 Evaluation of Real-time Probability Forecasts: Advance Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rationality-tests-for-spf-real-gdp-forecasts-39ekrvba.png Table 3 Rationality Tests for SPF Real GDP Forecasts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-combining-recession-probability-forecasts-2kxlrnqy.png Figure 4 Combining Recession Probability Forecasts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spf-and-yield-spread-r1-recession-probabilities-1zy88rbl.png Figure 3 SPF and Yield Spread R1 Recession Probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coefficient-estimates-from-real-time-probit-2e2yt9p0.png Figure 2 Coefficient Estimates from Real-time Probit Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spf-r1-recession-probabilities-2f9npr0w.png Figure 1 SPF R1 Recession Probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-real-time-probability-forecasts-first-3k1azdqb.png Table 1 Evaluation of Real-time Probability Forecasts: First-Final Data https://scispace.com/papers/forecast-of-criticality-experiments-and-experimental-2x5x4lhdxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-identified-and-prioritized-experiments-and-3r2smrj3.png Table II: Identified and Prioritized Experiments and Experimental Programs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experiments-and-experimental-programs-identified-by-1af6c7a9.png Table I: Experiments and experimental programs identified by ENWIG that address specific DNFSB Recommendations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experiments-and-experimental-programs-identified-by-1bkhcwdx.png Table I: Experiments and experimental programs identified by ENWIG that address specific DNFSB Recommendations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-critical-assemblies-at-the-lacef-1gmrp9mm.png Table V. Critical Assemblies at the LACEF. https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-stock-returns-under-economic-constraints-3wgl1pt8p0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equity-premium-constraint-2gsls6cd.png Figure 2: Equity premium constraint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conditional-sharpe-ratios-34gq55fk.png Figure 10: Conditional Sharpe ratios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-posterior-density-of-the-equity-premium-under-35cudxvr.png Figure 6: Posterior density of the equity premium under constrained and unconstrained models (default spread) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-out-of-sample-equity-premium-forecasts-and-forecast-2q65bqkm.png Figure 1: Out-of-sample equity premium forecasts and forecast performance under constrained and unconstrained models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-posterior-density-of-the-equity-premium-under-1o6zwyua.png Figure 5: Posterior density of the equity premium under constrained and unconstrained models (T-bill rate) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-volatility-forecasts-1je06tg7.png Figure 9: Volatility forecasts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-out-of-sample-equity-premium-forecasts-under-2963t1ge.png Figure 8: Out-of-sample equity premium forecasts under unconstrained and constrained models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-portfolio-allocation-and-economic-value-of-3iqosbyc.png Figure 13: Portfolio allocation and economic value of forecasts https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-the-impact-of-population-ageing-on-tuberculosis-eqsxpyeeyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-model-comparison-3pff7zy5.png Table 1. Summary of model comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-demographic-change-data-2005-2017-forecasting-2018-39q1indj.png Fig 2. Demographic change. (Data: 2005–2017, Forecasting: 2018–2035). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tb-incidence-rate-forecasting-a-overall-incidence-rate-33re9xxu.png Fig 3. TB incidence rate forecasting. (A) Overall incidence rate per 100,000. In the forecasting, dashed line features the mean values and the shaded area is 95% prediction interval. (B) Incidence rate reductions by five-year age groups during 2015–2035 with 95% prediction interval. (C) Incidence rates attributed to age groups. (D) Proportions of age groups in Incidence cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-reductions-in-tb-incidence-with-and-2w5rr4i1.png Table 2. Summary of reductions in TB incidence with and without demographic change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tb-incidence-with-and-without-demographic-change-2sj56y78.png Fig 4. TB incidence with and without demographic change. Ribbons show 95% prediction intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lee-carter-model-fitting-and-forecasting-of-the-tb-t66smzs6.png Fig 1. Lee-Carter model fitting and forecasting of the TB incidence. (Data: 2005–2018, Forecasting: 2019–2035). 95% confidence intervals of estimators and prediction intervals of forecasts were calculated through bootstrapping with 10,000 sample size. https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-the-outbreak-of-covid-19-in-lebanon-c8ejjd5n3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expected-number-of-icu-patients-until-the-middle-of-1jnlm4jy.png Figure 3: Expected number of ICU patients until the middle of October, according to the di erent scenarios. The number of ICU patients would exceed the number of all available ICU beds (336 beds represented by the horizontal black line), on September 29, October 1, October 12 for R5 = 2.5, 2, 4 or 2 respectively. In case of severe measures with R5 = 1.5, the number of patients in need of ICU would be at nearly half the number of available beds by mid October. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-in-the-reproduction-transmission-factor-r-t-tujsk1b5.png Figure 2: Change in the reproduction transmission factor R(t) as a function of time t (in days) in Lebanon. It starts at R0 = 5.6 then falls down at t = 32 days to R1 = 0.52 after strong mitigation measures. It rises to R2 = 1.1 at t = 95 days then to R3 = 2.5 at t = 130 days, before a slight decrease into R4 = 2.4 between t = 180 and t = 186. The four future possible scenarios inspected here have values of Rt = R5 = 1.5, 2, 2.4 or 2.5 after t = 186 represented in blue, brown, black and red respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-number-of-infections-according-to-the-3n0vk7un.png Figure 1: Cumulative number of infections according to the STEIR model in Lebanon, with appropriate parameterization of Rt. The vertical blue line corresponds to day 186, which occurs on August 26, 2020. The black line before represents actually registered cases until that date, while the following four blue, brown, black and red lines correspond to future predictions based on four di erent scenarios with Rt = 1.5, 2, 2.4 or 2.5 depending on the extent of relaxation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expected-numbers-of-daily-and-cumulative-infections-2f8sqiwz.png Table 1: Expected numbers of daily and cumulative infections resulting from High (R5 = 1.5) and Low (R5 = 2.5) levels of mitigation measures on September 10, 20 and 30 respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/foreclosures-in-ohio-does-lender-type-matter-3sm65tbpzb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-the-distribution-of-the-portfolio-shares-percent-2gjxb9pv.png Table A.1. The distribution of the portfolio shares (percent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-statistics-2dz0gxok.png Table I. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-univariate-results-1v29pkwm.png Table III. Univariate Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simple-correlations-ycgcdp5c.png Table II. Simple Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/foreign-board-members-and-firm-innovativeness-an-exploratory-gomihy3tns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-connection-between-fbms-within-the-ywlcmkhq.png Figure 2. Overview of the connection between FBMs (within the EU-28) and firm-level innovativeness according to the pair-wise country comparisons (0% and 100% excluded) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-shares-of-innovative-firms-with-fbms-within-the-371f4xnb.png Figure 3. The shares of innovative firms with FBMs (within the EU-28) from (A) more and less innovative countries and (B) higher or lower innovation performance groups according to the pairwise country comparisons (0% and 100% excluded) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classification-tree-depicting-the-share-of-2z1g7wta.png Figure 4. Classification tree depicting the share of innovative firms, as means, based on the “choice” of having or not having FBMs according to the pair-wise country comparisons (0% and 100% excluded) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reported-p-values-for-mann-whitney-u-tests-between-slcd98rw.png Table 3. Reported p-values for Mann Whitney U tests between differences in the innovation performance groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-graphic-overview-on-sample-categories-3g2f899h.png Figure 1. A graphic overview on sample categories. https://scispace.com/papers/foreign-direct-investment-and-economic-growth-a-time-series-xwbamg4unz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stationarity-test-results-15ytu7c0.png Table 1. Stationarity Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-equations-3q7y35r7.png Table 2. Estimated Equations https://scispace.com/papers/foreign-exchange-market-structure-players-and-evolution-38rp1zomy9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-currency-distribution-of-spot-turnover-1mmwfqpw.png Table 3: Currency distribution of spot turnover (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-bid-ask-spreads-available-from-a-retail-fx-platform-22uetse6.png Table 8: Bid-Ask spreads available from a retail FX platform (in pips) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-daily-interdealer-trading-activity-by-the-2g0j36y7.png Figure 1: Average daily interdealer trading activity by the hour across different currencies https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-survey-of-15-multibank-platforms-for-fx-3mk9cbld.png Table 9: Survey of 15 multibank platforms for FX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-bid-ask-spread-by-currency-jan-1995-dec-2fdb6ihr.png Figure 5: Relative bid-ask spread by currency: Jan 1995 - Dec 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geographical-distribution-of-global-foreign-exchange-3u3t3080.png Table 2: Geographical distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-execution-methods-for-fx-trading-shares-3uk4bzq0.png Table 6: Execution methods for FX trading (% shares) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-share-of-algorithmic-trading-on-ebs-and-thomson-92unkdef.png Figure 7: Share of algorithmic trading on EBS and Thomson Reuters Dealing https://scispace.com/papers/forest-based-point-process-for-event-prediction-from-2jwxp55l1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contrasting-piecewise-constant-continuous-intensity-3r0hqzfy.png Table 1. Contrasting piecewise-constant continuous intensity models (PCIMs) and multiplicative-forest continuous-time Bayesian networks (mfCTBNs). Key similarities are highlighted in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ex-ante-traditional-forecasting-no-labels-for-any-5lr3mlp3.png Fig. 6. Ex ante (traditional) forecasting. No labels for any example are available in the forecast region. The goal is to recover the events (B and C) from observations in the past. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-first-two-trees-in-the-mfpp-forest-the-model-shows-the-3e5l0q5a.png Fig. 9. First two trees in the MFPP forest. The model shows the rate predictions for myocardial infarction (MI) based on cholesterol (LDL), blood pressure (BP), previous MI, and bypass surgery. Time is in years; for example, [t-1,t) means “within the last year”, and (-Inf, t) means “ever before”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-log-likelihoods-for-the-ground-truth-mfpp-pcim-2ht56bx9.png Fig. 5. Average log likelihoods for the {ground truth, MFPP, PCIM} model by the number of training set trajectories. Error bars in gray indicate the 95 percent confidence interval (omitted for the ground truth and PCIM models). Paired t-tests comparing MFPPs and PCIMs were significant at a p-value of 1-e20. Dotted lines show the likelihoods when ground truth features were made available to the models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-precision-recall-curves-for-supervised-forecasting-29x0knpo.png Fig. 8. Precision-recall curves for supervised forecasting. MFPPs are compared against random forests, logistic regression, and random forests augmented with MFPP intensity features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-timeline-top-deconstructed-into-point-processes-49zl6gb7.png Fig. 1. A timeline (top) deconstructed into point processes (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-precision-recall-curves-for-ex-ante-forecasting-mfpps-lx3rtj1e.png Fig. 7. Precision-recall curves for ex ante forecasting. MFPPs are compared against PCIMs and homogeneous Poisson point processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-supervised-forecasting-labels-are-provided-by-the-3pha8ykj.png Fig. 3. Supervised forecasting. Labels are provided by the binary classification outcome: whether at least one event occurs in the forecasted region. https://scispace.com/papers/fork-pausing-complex-engages-topoisomerases-at-the-replisome-16msesuacm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top2-partially-compensates-for-the-fork-pausing-2wdt09am.png Figure 4. Top2 partially compensates for the fork pausing upon Top1 loss from the replisome (A,B) 2D agarose gel Southern blots (as in Fig. 1B): representative images (A) and quantification (B); pausing in WT= 1; n =4; (see the Materials and Methods) of replication intermediates in asynchronous cultures of the strains of the indicated genotypes cultured continuously at +25°C or transferred for 1 h to +37°C. (C ) Flow cytometry DNA content profile of the top1Δ top2ts (red) and tof1-ΔC top2-ts (black) strains upon release in S phase at +37°C from G1 (αF) arrest. Values plotted and statistics as in Figure 1. Asterisks indicate P-values for comparison with top2-ts strain at +25°C. See also Supplemental Figure S4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tof1-csm3-complex-functions-independently-of-rrm3-3th6ibm9.png Figure 1. Tof1–Csm3 complex functions independently of Rrm3 helicase. (A) Schematics of Rrm3-dependent (1) and -independent (2)mechanisms for Tof1–Csm3 role in replication fork pausing at proteinaceous barriers. (B–D) tof1Δ suppressed fork pausing in rrm3Δ cells. (B) Schematic (left) and images (right) of replication intermediates detected in the asynchronous cultures of strains of indicated genotypes by Southern hybridization with rDNA rRFB probe on BglIIdigestedDNAseparatedwith 2Dgels andblotted to nylonmembrane. (C ) Same as in B but Southern blot done directly on first-dimension gels. (D) Replisome pausing detection with Mcm4MYCChIP-qPCRat several pausing sites in asynchronous cultures of strains of the designated genotypes. (E) tof1Δ suppressed rDNAinstability in rrm3Δ and rif1Δ cells—rDNA instability measurement with ADE2 marker loss assay. (F ) tof1Δ partially alleviated mre11Δ rrm3Δ synthetic sickness—serial dilution growth assay. (X) X-shaped molecules; (CF) converging forks. Means with SEM are plotted; Welch’s t-test was used for quantitative comparisons. (∗) P <0.05; (∗∗) P< 0.01; (∗∗∗) P <0.001; (∗∗∗∗) P <0.0001; (ns) not significant. See also Supplemental Figure S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fork-pausing-is-a-separable-function-of-tof1-csm3-a-1ao4i1ti.png Figure 5. Fork pausing is a separable function of Tof1–Csm3. (A, C, D) Western blotting of TCA-extracted proteins. (A) In contrast to tof1Δ, tof1-ΔC cells do not degrade Csm3-TAP. (B,E) Serial dilution growth assays. (B) Tof1-ΔC supports viability of rad9Δ cells under hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. (C,D) Tof1-ΔC is proficient in DRC activation under HU treatment. (E) Mrc1 supports tof1-ΔC cells survival under topoisomerase-blocking damage. (CPT) Camptothecin; (ETOP) etoposide; (MMS) methyl methanesulfonate; (12geneΔ0HSR) multidrug sensitive yeast background. See also Supplemental Figure S5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-replisome-stop-model-slowing-downwith-3gkg0b7d.png Figure 6. Replisome “sTOP”model (“slowing downwith topoisomerases I–II”) Tof1–Csm3promotes replication fork pausing at proteinaceous barriers (a) via topoisomerase I and II, either by recruiting topoisomerases to the replisome (b,c) to dampen positive torsion in front of the fork (d), or/and by recognizing topoisomerases bound at barriers (e) and potentially regulating CMG helicase activity (f) (Cho et al. 2013). (g) Tof1–Csm3 also suppresses fork rotation (Schalbetter et al. 2015). (h) sTOP function of Tof1–Csm3 is distinct from its Mrc1shared role in DRC (DNA replication checkpoint). See the text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tof1-c-dependent-recruitment-of-top1-to-the-1g6wwig1.png Figure 3. Tof1-C-dependent recruitment of Top1 to the replisome promotes fork pausing (A) Replication fork pausing at rRFB measured by 2D gels (as in Fig. 1B) in the strains of indicated genotypes: representative gel images and quantification (pausing in WT= 1; n=4) (see the Materials and Methods). (B) Replisome pausing at rRFB and a tRNA gene (tP(UGG)F) detected with Mcm4MYC ChIP-qPCR in asynchronous cultures. (C ) Tof1-ΔC is less toxic in rif1Δ mre11Δ cells than wild-type Tof1. Alleles: TOF1= TOF1-3xFlag; tof1-ΔC= tof1-Δ981-12383xFlag. Values plotted and statistics are as in Figure 1. See also Supplemental Figure S3. https://scispace.com/papers/formalizing-information-security-knowledge-3wrlq2ktd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-formal-level-concept-definitions-vx2p2eok.png Table 3: Formal level concept definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-formal-area-concept-definitions-1e6sw2hn.png Table 4: Formal area concept definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-formal-section-concept-definitions-1yesqou9.png Table 5: Formal section concept definitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-security-relationships-1nyr6mqp.png Figure 1: Security relationships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-security-ontology-concepts-18vclhd5.png Figure 2: Security ontology concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fire-threat-1hg82z8l.png Figure 3: Fire threat https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-formal-building-concept-definitions-nzu6mrxm.png Table 2: Formal building concept definitions https://scispace.com/papers/formation-and-recondensation-of-complex-organic-molecules-20cvhfwi6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-gaseous-abundances-of-formic-acid-1rnqf3h1.png Figure 4. Evolution of the gaseous abundances of formic acid, ethanol (left panels), di-methyl ether, methyl formate (center panels), ethyl formate, and methyl ethyl ether (right panels) relative to methanol with the absolute CH3OH abundance assuming constant physical conditions. The top and bottom panels show the effect of the density nH and temperature Tcst, respectively, on the chemistry. Pluses, stars, and crosses represent the ratios observed toward low-mass, intermediate-mass, and highmass protostars, respectively, summarized in Taquet et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-di-methyl-ether-methyl-formate-ethyl-3sb3utrz.png Figure 5. Maximum di-methyl ether, methyl formate, ethyl formate, and methyl ethyl ether abundances relative to methanol (solid lines) and the time when the maximum is reached (dotted lines) as a function of the initial abundance of ammonia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dust-temperature-structure-in-the-envelope-22ylqtzo.png Figure 1. Dust temperature structure in the envelope surrounding the Class 0 protostar Serpens-SMM4, with a bolometric luminosity Lbol=2 Le and an envelope mass of 2.1 Me before and during the two types of luminosity outbursts considered in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-abundance-binding-energy-and-proton-affinity-1qm2o43u.png Table 1 Initial Abundance, Binding Energy, and Proton Affinity of Selected Species https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-absolute-abundances-of-methanol-tta7ti0f.png Figure 6. Evolution of the absolute abundances of methanol, ammonia, formic acid, di-methyl ether, and methyl formate with time (top panels), and of the CH3OCH3/ CH3OH (red) and CH3OCHO/CH3OH (blue) abundance ratios with the absolute CH3OH abundance (bottom panels) during one strong luminosity outburst. Pluses, stars, and crosses represent the ratios observed toward low-mass, intermediate-mass, and high-mass protostars, respectively, summarized in Taquet et al. (2015). Left, middle-left, middle-right, and right panels show the influence of the pre-outburst temperature Tmin, the luminosity outburst timescale τ, the total density nH, and the grain size ad, respectively, on the chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-picture-of-the-gas-phase-chemical-network-2bjg5aob.png Figure 2. Schematic picture of the gas-phase chemical network used in this work to produce the complex organic molecules di-methyl ether, methyl formate, methyl ethyl ether, di-ethyl ether, and ethyl formate from the evaporation of methanol and ethanol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-absolute-abundances-of-methanol-3akiuyqw.png Figure 7. Evolution of the absolute abundances of methanol, ammonia, formic acid, ethanol, di-methyl ether, and methyl formate over time after the onset of each outburst (top panels) and of the CH3OCH3/CH3OH (red) and CH3OCHO/CH3OH (blue) abundance ratios with the absolute CH3OH abundance (bottom panels) during a series of 10 weak luminosity outbursts occurring every 5×103 years assuming nH=5×10 6 cm−3 (left), nH=5×10 7 cm−3 (center), and nH=5×10 8 cm−3 (right). The thickness of the lines increases with the outburst number: the DME and MF abundances increase with the outburst number while the ammonia abundance decreases. Pluses, stars, and crosses represent the ratios observed toward low-mass, intermediate-mass, and high-mass protostars, respectively, summarized in Taquet et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-evolution-of-the-absolute-abundances-of-2pa0rm4w.png Figure 3. Temporal evolution of the absolute abundances of complex organics by neglecting (left) and including (right) the proton transfer reactions with ammonia for nH=5×10 7 cm−3, T=150 K, ζ=3×10−17 s−1, and AV=20 mag. https://scispace.com/papers/formation-of-c-s-h-in-calcium-hydroxide-blast-furnace-slag-4z1tf1rgbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-micrograph-of-11-nm-tobermorite-morphology-zusddue8.png Figure 5. SEM micrograph of 11 nm tobermorite morphology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-micrograph-of-xonotlite-morphology-1x78q30d.png Figure 6. SEM micrograph of xonotlite morphology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taylor-diagram-c-s-h-depending-on-calcium-oxide-3w1bl2od.png Figure 1. Taylor diagram: C-S-H depending on calcium oxide/ silicon dioxide ratio at various temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-synthesis-products-at-2rg22c5u.png Figure 8. X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesis products at saturated vapour pressure of 1.8 MPa (2048C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-edx-of-newly-formed-hydrates-in-autoclave-at-25d1r6t2.png Table 3. EDX of newly formed hydrates in autoclave at temperature of 1768C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sem-micrographs-of-samples-containing-100-slag-a-1h86ooln.png Figure 12. SEM micrographs of samples containing 100% slag: (a) sample treated at 176oC; (b) sample treated at 204oC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solubility-of-calcium-hydroxide-and-silicon-dioxide-26djznqg.png Figure 2. Solubility of calcium hydroxide and silicon dioxide in water at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-micrographs-of-samples-containing-0-slag-a-1mbt24ju.png Figure 9. SEM micrographs of samples containing 0% slag: (a) sample treated at 176oC; (b) sample treated at 204oC https://scispace.com/papers/formation-control-of-underactuated-surface-vessels-using-the-5dm6t4s2gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-guidance-system-15aj8zo0.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the guidance system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reference-frames-and-relevant-variables-for-the-27tvlig0.png Fig. 2. Reference frames and relevant variables for the surface vessel. χ is the course angle, ψ is the heading angle and β is the sideslip angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-paths-followed-by-the-ships-during-the-mission-qmc79q4e.png Fig. 4. Paths followed by the ships during the mission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tracking-error-of-the-obstacle-avoidance-task-function-o7uzbmqn.png Fig. 5. Tracking error of the obstacle avoidance task function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tracking-error-of-the-barycenter-task-function-28f5bmpb.png Fig. 6. Tracking error of the barycenter task function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tracking-error-of-the-circular-formation-task-function-rg320oiy.png Fig. 7. Tracking error of the circular formation task function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nine-snapshots-of-the-mission-execution-a-fleet-of-8-lu1f7eml.png Fig. 3. Nine snapshots of the mission execution. A fleet of 8 underactuated vessels has to move its barycenter along a rectilinear path while keeping a circular formation and avoiding 2 line-shaped obstacles in presence of an environmental force (whose direction is represented by the arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/formation-of-cross-linked-films-from-immiscible-precursors-32wf276982 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositions-of-vitrimer-networks-used-in-creep-ibid66uv.png Table 1. Compositions of vitrimer networks used in creep experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-our-strategy-to-3tbu9u69.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of our strategy to crosslink incompatible precursors by formation of vitrimer nanoparticles. a) Formation of an emulsion of precursors pre-compatibilized with an organic solvent (yellow); b) Crosslinking of the precursors in the nano- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cryo-tem-image-of-a-vitrimer-latex-obtained-24he62tu.png Figure 4. Cryo-TEM image of a vitrimer latex obtained crosslinking the precursors within the droplets (20 wt% oil content, 30 mM SDS, cured for 23h at 120°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-rheological-monitoring-of-sintering-of-the-dried-29o8igif.png Figure 5. a) Rheological monitoring of sintering of the dried vitrimer particles at 150°C (1 to 3000 Pa stress-controlled oscillations, 1 Hz). b) Temperature-dependence of viscosities measured by creep experiments. The full lines show the Arrhenius fits for the different data sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monitoring-of-the-reaction-by-1h-nmr-involving-3kvm1cim.png Figure 3. Monitoring of the reaction by 1H NMR involving conversion of epoxide groups (black) by reaction with carboxylic acids into β-hydroxyl esters (red), and further hydrolysis into mono-glycerols (blue). https://scispace.com/papers/formation-of-fine-sediment-deposit-from-a-flash-flood-river-s9buxh8ndh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flash-flood-a-bes-os-river-freshwater-discharge-b-1vj91q8h.png Figure 3. Flash flood (a) Bes os River freshwater discharge; (b) wind stress stick-plot (in Pa); (c) depth-averaged along-shelf velocities (filtered with a cutoff period of 5 h); (d) depthaveraged cross-shelf velocities; (e) significant wave height; (f) suspended sediment concentrations measured and modeled (dashed line). Hydrodynamic parameters measured in front of Bes os River are in solid line (red line for measurements in A2 and green for A3). Dashed line corresponds to model outputs in A2 and A3 (red and green, respectively). The along-shelf and cross-shelf axis directions are shown in Figure 1c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-percentage-of-time-that-the-critical-stress-is-xjhpuzsr.png Figure 8. Percentage of time (%) that the critical stress is exceeded (i.e., bed mobility) for the periods (a) spring and summer and (b) fall and winter. The plot scale is transformed in log10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-one-year-results-from-the-coastal-model-a-mean-3jyb3wgq.png Figure 7. One year results from the COASTAL model. (a) Mean combined bottom stress in (Pa); quiver plot presents the mean depth-averaged flow; (b) 5% of exceedance of combined bottom stresses. The plots only show the results for depths above 150 isobath. The fine grain-size area from seismic data [Liquete et al., 2007] is sketched in white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-of-the-study-area-in-the-nw-1o0mq2sv.png Figure 1. (a) Location of the study area in the NW Mediterranean Sea. (b, c) Bathymetry and model boundaries of the COASTAL (in red) and LOCAL (in green) meshes. The square in Figure 1b shows the position of the wave buoy used to obtain the wave boundary conditions for the LOCAL simulation. The circles in Figure 1c show the current meter profiles mounted during the field campaigns (i.e., A1, A2, and A3). The red cross in Figure 1c shows the Coastal Observatory Station where wind parameters were recorded. The axis system used for the hydrodynamic and sediment fluxes (i.e., cross- and along-shelf directions) is shown in Figure 1c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compilation-of-historical-observations-of-sediment-3ammgn68.png Figure 2. Compilation of historical observations of sediment texture. Grain size expressed in lm and : 52log2(D50), where D50 is the particle size in mm. The bathymetry is also included in gray. The deepest isobath plotted is 100 m, which represents the shelf break. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-vertical-profiles-of-cross-shelf-velocity-at-p1-10-2xygzo40.png Figure 10. Vertical profiles of cross-shelf velocity at P1 (10 m) for an energetic period (blue) and during a calm period (red). Standard deviations are shown in dashed line. x Axis shows positive velocity offshore. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-modeled-sediment-deposition-for-a-b-18-march-at-00-29oszoab.png Figure 5. Modeled sediment deposition for (a, b) 18 March at 00:00 and (c, d) 21 March at 00:00 for the LOCAL simulation (the mesh limits are plotted in green) representing both sediment classes: 7.8 and 15 mm. Isobaths are plotted each 10 m. Note that the contour plot varies in ranges. Dark crosses show the control points at 10, 30, and 50 m. When the deposition is zero, the color used is white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-series-of-the-deposition-rates-of-the-aa4yf2cx.png Figure 9. Time series of the deposition rates of the sensitivity tests for the sediment class 15 lm. (a) Deposition rates at 10 m water depth (P1) for different erodibility constant values (E0 in kg m22 s21). Note that the blue line overlaps the red line. (b) Deposition rates at 30 m water depth (30 m) for different suspended sediment river yield: 1 and 5 mg L21. The reference simulation is marked in both plots in red. Note that the y axis value varies in both subplots. Dates in x axis represent month/day. https://scispace.com/papers/formation-of-shape-preserving-pulses-in-a-nonlinear-3s0pm9s7cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-propagation-of-a-three-pulse-field-v-note-that-the-26ghujzo.png FIG. 2. Propagation of a three-pulse field V, . Note that the three formed adiabatons (bottom) have a clear correspondence to the input signals (parameters as in Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/papers/four-families-of-folate-independent-methionine-synthases-49kla6bk62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-proposed-pathway-for-methionine-synthesis-in-2h9ayuf5.png Figure 2: The proposed pathway for methionine synthesis in Dehalococcoides mccartyi. Steps that are absent from D. mccartyi are shown with a red x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-functional-residues-of-mete-and-of-core-methionine-zarz2f62.png Figure 4: Functional residues of MetE and of core methionine synthases. We show sequence logos (Crooks et al. 2004) for the zinc-coordinating and substrate-binding residues of each family of methionine synthases. The height of each position shows its conservation within the family, as measured by information content or bits. In MetE from E. coli, the zinc-coordinating residues are H641, C643, E665, and C726, and the substrate-binding residues are S433, E484, and D599. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-methionine-synthesis-a-the-standard-23c6pv3c.png Figure 1: Overview of methionine synthesis. (A) The standard pathway with 5-methyl-THF. (B) The reaction catalyzed by the core methionine synthases MesA and MesB. (C) The structure of methylcobalamin. Cobalamin has 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole as the lower ligand, but many organisms use cobamides with other lower ligands. (D) The structure of 5-methyl-THF. Although THF is shown with a single glutamyl residue (at right), in the cell, THF is usually polyglutamylated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparative-genomics-links-mesb-to-the-wood-3ek51l2v.png Figure 3: Comparative genomics links MesB to the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. (A) A phylogenetic tree of MesB and related proteins. The MesB family is highlighted in green and a subfamily that lacks Zn-coordinating residues is highlighted in red. On the right, filled symbols indicate the presence in that genome of other methionine synthases or of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (acsBCD, also known as cdhCED). If the genome contains more than one mesB gene, we show the number. The tree and the genome properties were rendered with iTOL v5 (https://itol.embl.de/). (B) Conserved clustering of mesB with genes from the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Gene drawings were modified from MicrobesOnline (Dehal et al. 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-complementation-assays-show-that-mesd-requires-mesx-3ptettqw.png Figure 6: Complementation assays show that MesD requires MesX and oxygen for activity, but not MetF. We cloned MesD, MesX, or MesD and MesX together into strains of E. coli from the Keio collection (Baba et al. 2006) and measured growth in minimal glucose M9 medium. A plasmid bearing red fluorescent protein (RFP) was used as a control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sphingomonas-koreensis-can-grow-in-minimal-media-by-1gpr4400.png Figure 5: Sphingomonas koreensis can grow in minimal media by using MesD and not MetF. A pool of transposon mutants was grown in a defined minimal media with a single carbon source and without added vitamins. Some cultures were supplemented with 250 μM L-methionine. Each cell in the heatmap shows a gene fitness value from a different experiment; each condition has two replicates. A gene fitness value is the log 2 change in the relative abundance of mutants in that gene during that experiment (from inoculation at OD600 = 0.02 until saturation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-oligonucleotide-sequences-3vnnqusu.png Table 1: Oligonucleotide sequences. https://scispace.com/papers/four-new-combinations-in-chomelia-and-stenostomum-rubiaceae-5ylcm5nqjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isotype-p-of-antirhea-triflora-j-h-kirkbr-chomelia-3rzypvz4.png Fig. 1 Isotype (P) of Antirhea triflora J.H.Kirkbr. (= Chomelia triflora (J.H.Kirkbr.) Delprete & Achille). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lectotype-k-of-guettarda-ulei-k-krause-chomelia-ulei-k-1phwx4ph.png Fig. 2 Lectotype (K) of Guettarda ulei K.Krause (= Chomelia ulei (K.Krause) Achille & Delprete). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diagnostic-characters-for-the-distinction-of-lk8suv9q.png Table 1 Diagnostic characters for the distinction of Guettarda, Chomelia, Stenostomum, Pittoniotis and Neolaugeria in the Neotropics (according to Chaw & Darwin 1993, Moynihan & Watson 2001, Achille et al. 2006, and the present authors). The Guettarda crispiflora group is an informal group that appeared as a distinct monophyletic clade in Achille et al. (2006), and might deserve generic recognition. https://scispace.com/papers/fowler-nordheim-hole-tunneling-in-metal-er2o3-silicon-2qkw9rznok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-band-diagram-of-pt-er2o3-silicon-a-and-al-er2o3-iri7yzuq.png FIG. 4. Energy band diagram of Pt–Er2O3-silicon a and Al–Er2O3-silicon b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-i-v-characteristics-of-the-structure-al-er2o3-silicon-1jyrrt0z.png FIG. 3. I-V characteristics of the structure Al–Er2O3-silicon measured at 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-v-characteristics-of-the-structure-pt-er2o3-silicon-vapiuvqx.png FIG. 2. I-V characteristics of the structure Pt–Er2O3-silicon measured at 77 K. https://scispace.com/papers/fpga-based-acceleration-of-expectation-maximization-4xq4p5xpiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-fpga-operational-frequency-s7va7bnz.png Figure 28 FPGA Operational Frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-ips-power-consumption-and-speedup-gained-by-our-3se67rl8.png Table 10 IPS*/power consumption and speedup gained by our implementation over other implementations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cpu1-speedup-t-over-cpu2-2al5i75p.png Figure 15 CPU1 Speedup (T) over CPU2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intel-fpga-sdk-for-opencl-design-flow-19-3qr9y09z.png Figure 6 Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL Design Flow [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dimension-and-cluster-achived-on-stratix-v-a7-fpga-2d733e5u.png Table 3 Dimension and Cluster achived on Stratix V A7 FPGA and Arria 10 FPGA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-stratix-v-fpga-speedup-t-over-cpus-2u4q10q0.png Figure 16 Stratix V FPGA Speedup (T) over CPUs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-arria-10-fpga-speedup-t-over-cpus-1qj21v27.png Figure 17 Arria 10 FPGA Speedup (T) over CPUs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-arria-10-fpga-speedup-t-p-over-cpus-2cq4ou0k.png Figure 21 Arria 10 FPGA Speedup (T/P) over CPUs. https://scispace.com/papers/fpga-based-anomalous-trajectory-detection-using-sofm-2tntwxhtql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-block-diagram-of-the-fpga-based-trajectory-icted7a3.png Fig. 3. A block diagram of the FPGA based trajectory classifier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timing-results-for-train-the-sofm-on-fpga-and-pc-2bjkghfl.png Table 2. Timing results for train the SOFM on FPGA and PC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implementation-results-for-the-sofm-classifier-using-7z94pl1g.png Table 1. Implementation results for the SOFM classifier, using Virtex-4 XC4VLX160, package FF1148 and speed grade -10 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-images-showing-a-normal-and-b-abnormal-trajectories-in-3p8v640f.png Fig. 2. Images showing (a) normal and (b) abnormal trajectories. In (b), abnormal points are labelled black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-graph-showing-the-effect-of-smoothing-the-speed-2p0snaqb.png Fig. 1. A graph showing the effect of smoothing the speed component (δx). https://scispace.com/papers/fpga-based-video-processing-system-for-ubiquitous-4eiz5j6yc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-videoware-architecture-ne7irigz.png Figure 1 - Videoware architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-screen-shoots-of-three-example-results-using-a-vh1o9efo.png Figure 8 - Screen shoots of three example results using (a) Sobel edge detector (b) SUSAN edge detection and (c) SUSAN corner detectors. All results based on the hardware implementations on an FPGA chip https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-filters-for-sobel-edge-detector-24z1nzcp.png Figure 2 - Filters for Sobel edge detector https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-resources-used-by-sobel-edge-detector-ctgnvt71.png Table 1 - Comparison of resources used by Sobel edge detector, SUSAN edge detector and SUSAN corner detector in the FPGA chip Xilinx SPARTAN 2E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-susan-edge-corner-detection-3mxgpdup.png Figure 5 - SUSAN edge/corner detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sobel-edge-detection-of-an-image-3a5uhjur.png Figure 3 - Sobel edge detection of an image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagram-of-component-architecture-2y6pjby3.png Figure 6 - Diagram of component architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-burched-bx-300-fpga-board-27tkbdkm.png Figure 7 - BurchED BX-300 FPGA board https://scispace.com/papers/fpga-dynamic-reconfiguration-using-the-rvc-technology-n7b0rsjj7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-target-architecture-vyu822ms.png Fig. 6. Target architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-general-structure-of-the-inverse-quantization-1uadwybt.png Fig. 5. The general structure of the inverse quantization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inverse-quantization-h263-diagram-1tk8mu0k.png Fig. 4. Inverse quantization H263 diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-mpeg-rvc-decoder-96v9izun.png Fig. 1. Structure of MPEG RVC decoder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-partially-reconfigurable-fpga-3hfwrbge.png Fig. 2. A partially-reconfigurable FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-bitstream-information-6kh4d9nq.png Table V. bitstream information https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-implementation-for-iq-3f9ydstn.png Table II. Performance implementation for IQ https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-design-time-22cyi0n7.png Table VI. Design time https://scispace.com/papers/fractional-control-of-an-offshore-wind-system-58yrknqhnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drivetrain-and-the-variables-of-its-model-1dkqp242.png Fig. 3. Drivetrain and the variables of its model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-configuration-of-the-wind-system-during-the-transient-11svj4od.png Fig. 10. Configuration of the wind system during the transient, resorting to the VRFB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-voltage-vectors-for-the-5lc-23a20xnc.png Fig. 6. Output voltage vectors for the 5LC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-offshore-wind-system-2so7achj.png Fig. 1. Offshore wind system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-voltages-and-currents-in-the-capacitors-bank-when-xcystlkh.png Fig. 11. Voltages and currents in the capacitors bank, when there is a fault in the rectifier and the BMS resorts to the VRFB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-input-voltages-and-currents-in-the-rectifier-when-k9xie505.png Fig. 12. Input voltages and currents in the rectifier, when there is a fault and the BMS resorts to the VRFB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wind-speed-and-wave-elevation-23a6xhx2.png Fig. 2. Wind speed and wave elevation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mpc-5lc-rectifier-3qbt74bg.png Fig. 4. MPC 5LC rectifier. https://scispace.com/papers/fpga-implementation-of-matrix-inversion-using-qrd-rls-1trbykg0fu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-systolic-array-for-4x4-matrix-inversion-3egi9jli.png Fig. 2. Systolic Array for 4x4 Matrix Inversion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-resources-for-4-by-4-matrix-inversion-core-on-a-331eo9qr.png TABLE II RESOURCES FOR 4 BY 4 MATRIX INVERSION CORE ON A VIRTEX4-FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-resources-used-for-floating-point-operators-on-1swroy81.png TABLE III RESOURCES USED FOR FLOATING POINT OPERATORS ON XILINX FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-systolic-array-for-qr-decomposition-9jh3pi43.png Fig. 1. Systolic Array for QR Decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-operations-used-by-sgr-and-sdgr-for-2ot4o86f.png TABLE I NUMBER OF OPERATIONS USED BY SGR AND SDGR FOR INVERTING A 4X4 MATRIX OF REAL NUMBERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boundary-cell-block-diagram-2mkys2gi.png Fig. 4. Boundary Cell Block Diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-internal-cell-block-diagram-ackbpuo2.png Fig. 5. Internal Cell Block Diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-qrd-rls-block-diagram-1gcgf51o.png Fig. 3. QRD-RLS Block Diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/fragmentation-of-valence-electronic-states-of-chf2cf3-2cxgxa6lxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-tpes-of-chf2cf3-b-and-c-coincidence-ion-yield-curves-3e7pmxyt.png Fig. 2. (a) TPES of CHF2CF3; (b) and (c) coincidence ion yield curves. The optical resolution is 0.3 nm in all spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computed-minimum-energy-structure-of-chf2cf3-x-1a0-and-3of8m2vu.png Fig. 1. Computed minimum energy structure of CHF2CF3 ~X 1A0, and its three highest valence molecular orbitals. The orbitals are calculated at the MP2/6-31(d) level of theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-coincidence-tof-spectrum-dots-of-chfcfth3-from-chf2cf3-1tljj46a.png Fig. 5. Coincidence TOF spectrum (dots) of CHFCFþ3 from CHF2CF3 photoionised at 16.37 eV. The solid line gives the best fit to the data, comprised of five contribution (n ¼ 1; 2; 3; 4; 5) in the basis set for etðnÞ [24]. The reduced probability of each contribution is shown in (b). The fit yields a total mean translational kinetic energy, hKEiT, into CHFCFþ3 þ F of 0:70 0:03 eV which constitutes 67% of the available energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tof-mass-spectrum-of-chf2cf3-recorded-at-energies-of-1xrgsjoq.png Fig. 3. TOF mass spectrum of CHF2CF3 recorded at energies of 13.78, 16.31, and 20.66 eV, and integrated over the complete range of 12.6–24.8 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-translation-kinetic-energy-releases-hkeit-for-ll86d5nl.png Table 2 Mean translation kinetic energy releases, hKEiT, for the two-body fragmentation of CHF2CFþ3 at photon energy hm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-breakdown-diagram-for-dissociative-photoionisation-of-un42wz7c.png Fig. 4. Breakdown diagram for dissociative photoionisation of CHF2CF3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-minimum-energy-geometry-for-neutral-and-352fjmto.png Table 1 Calculated minimum energy geometry for neutral and cationic ground state of CHF2CF3 https://scispace.com/papers/framing-global-biodiversity-ipbes-between-mother-earth-and-34df3o0ljx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-characteristics-of-two-landmark-workshops-33qxdd41.png Table 2: Main characteristics of two landmark workshops (Information compiled in this table comes 294 from the official reports of each workshop, both available online, see UNEP2013a, 2013b) 295 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-experts-profiles-interviewed-on-the-3umjs9mv.png Table 1: Overview of experts ‘profiles interviewed on the IPBES conceptual framework. 188 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chronology-of-main-events-punctuating-the-development-2ka3hcug.png Fig. 2 Chronology of main events punctuating the development of the IPBES conceptual framework, 202 April 2012 to December 2013. 203 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-framework-of-the-intergovernmental-platform-8i03nrte.png Fig 1. Conceptual Framework of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem 78 Services (Reproduced after Diaz et al. 2015a; 2015b, with permission from the authors). 79 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-conceptual-diagram-outcome-of-the-paris-workshop-3kgbi0ba.png Fig. 3 First conceptual diagram, outcome of the Paris workshop in October 2012 (Adapted 226 from UNEP 2013a:9 with permission) 227 https://scispace.com/papers/framing-of-online-risk-young-adults-and-adolescents-8giy1xwihv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framing-score-of-adolescents-and-young-adults-for-2mqhwe7x.png Figure 1. Framing score of adolescents and young adults for low and high risks and for small, medium, and large rewards (error bars show standard errors). https://scispace.com/papers/free-piston-linear-generator-in-comparison-to-other-range-2c1sr90i55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-avl-list-wankel-rex-system-f0272j8b.png Figure 3: AVL List- Wankel REX system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fplg-system-short-alignment-1ec8niex.png Figure 2: Free piston linear generator systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mahle-30kw-4-stroke-otto-rex-system-2ngbjzuc.png Figure 4: Mahle- 30kw, 4 stroke, Otto Rex-system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-principle-of-the-free-piston-3r2rjdzn.png Figure 1: Illustration of the principle of the free-piston linear generator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-free-piston-linear-generator-systems-2wtk92e8.png Figure 2: Free piston linear generator systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-fplg-characteristics-2cbpebmj.png Table 1: Summary of FPLG characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-fuel-cells-byszh69q.png Table 2: Characteristics of fuel cells https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-modulation-technique-for-prosodic-modification-bkxuf83ly5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-enhancing-emphasis-in-words-with-1asbs25k.png Figure 4: Illustration of enhancing emphasis in words with frequency modulation technique for rising and lowering tones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-the-basic-patterns-defined-by-1eciq1d3.png Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the basic patterns defined by tags baseline (line AB), cap (CDF/CDEF) and toend (line GH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-of-performing-prosodic-3ck6yjat.png Figure 2: Schematic diagram of performing prosodic modification within the framework of TTS system XIMERA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-opinion-scores-the-crosses-and-standard-2z2gpi0i.png Figure 5: Mean opinion scores (the crosses) and standard deviations (the boxes) on a 7-point scale, – 3 (very good “bad news”), 0 (neutral), and +3 (very good “good news”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resonance-curve-a-l-z-the-left-panel-and-the-1z6pail8.png Figure 1: Resonance curve A(λ, ζ) (the left panel) and the warping functions between normalized logF0 ∈ [0, 1] and λ ∈ [1, 2] at several values of ζ (the right panel). https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-tunable-electronic-sources-working-at-room-3p8bx1yhq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-output-power-versus-frequency-of-the-new-jpl-1-8-2-3o1vtd9z.png Figure 4: Output power versus frequency of the new JPL 1.8-2.0 THz LO chain at room temperature and in air. Two different driver stages are used to explore the full bandwidth of the 2.06 THz tripler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-output-power-versus-input-power-at-1-890-thz-output-25ve95y1.png Figure 5: Output power versus input power at 1.890 THz output frequency of the new JPL 1.8-2.0 THz LO chain at room temperature and in air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-output-power-versus-frequency-at-room-temperature-3jextdv8.png Figure 6: Output power versus frequency at room temperature of JPL 2.7 THz source SN6 in a pure nitrogen atmosphere (top thick curve with open square markers), and in a nitrogen atmosphere with a slight amount of water vapor (top dashed curve with filled square markers.) Output power versus frequency at room temperature of JPL 2.7 THz source SN4 in a pure nitrogen atmosphere (middle thick curve with open circle markers), and in a laboratory atmosphere (bottom dashed curve with filled circle markers.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fts-spectrum-of-the-2-5-2-7-thz-source-tuned-at-1cyk1us6.png Figure 7: FTS spectrum of the 2.5-2.7 THz source tuned at 2695 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-hifi-herschel-1-9-thz-frequency-mhqgwmdu.png Figure 2: Photograph of HIFI-Herschel 1.9 THz frequency tripler (left) and JPL new 2.06 THz frequency tripler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-left-and-sem-picture-right-of-the-2-7-thz-1alpwiwr.png Figure 3: Schematic (left) and SEM picture (right) of the 2.7 THz frequency tripler https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-radial-duality-based-photoacoustic-image-4u35ps33eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-of-run-time-with-upper-frequency-limit-for-o9fvsrj4.png FIG. 5. Variation of run time with upper frequency limit for the different reconstruction methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-variation-of-run-times-sec-with-frequency-upper-t8okpywd.png TABLE I. Variation of run times (sec) with frequency upper limit (MHz) for different reconstructions methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cross-section-of-reconstruction-using-the-proposed-f-r-2uvfsn1t.png FIG. 4. Cross section of reconstruction using the proposed F-R based method with frequency range from 100 KHz to 2 MHz with 10 dB noise. A hemispherical array is used covering the upper half of the spatial distribution as shown by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-problem-involves-estimating-the-spatial-1gnbtx4a.png FIG. 1. The problem involves estimating the spatial distribution enclosed in a spherical region of radius r0 from measurements on a continuous spherical aperture at a radius rs, completely enclosing the bounding region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reconstruction-using-the-three-different-2cqc0c3w.png FIG. 3. Reconstruction using the three different reconstruction methods with a frequency range from 100 kHz to 2 MHz and 10 dB of noise: (a) and (d) time domain backprojection method; (b) and (e) Norton-Linzer method; and (c) and (f) F-R based method. https://scispace.com/papers/frequent-subgraph-mining-in-outerplanar-graphs-f1ge5rj8wb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-patterns-c-number-of-frequent-patterns-fp-7rlc22ha.png Table 1: Number of patterns (#C), number of frequent patterns (#FP), and runtime in seconds for candidate generation and evaluation (T) with frequency thresholds 10%, 5%, 2%, and 1% https://scispace.com/papers/from-aggregate-betting-data-to-individual-risk-preferences-36rfbrd3e3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-favorite-longshot-bias-2hy49x19.png FIGURE 8.—The favorite-longshot bias. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-fear-of-ruin-in-the-homogeneous-expected-ljvvqdsi.png FIGURE 5.—Normalized fear of ruin in the homogeneous expected utility case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-3nn99stk.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-density-of-the-marginal-bettors-types-thi-2ss60vd3.png FIGURE 6.—Density of the marginal bettors’ types θi . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-21hubiq4.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-probability-distortion-function-up-to-a-2afe6duf.png FIGURE 9.—The probability distortion function (up to a multiplicative constant) in the Yaari case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fear-of-ruin-14dqy993.png FIGURE 1.—The fear of ruin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-market-shares-with-two-dimensional-heterogeneity-n-1wmdw8g9.png FIGURE 2.—Market shares with two-dimensional heterogeneity (n= 3). https://scispace.com/papers/from-communicative-functions-to-prosodic-forms-1k9nwp0j40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-speech-waves-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-271w4xe2.png Fig. 4. Speech waves, spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) of four interrogative functions in the question-word structure Where? a Medial peak in IQ-1. b Late-medial peak in IQ-1.1. c Late valley (low falling-rising) IQ-2. d Early high-rising valley in RQ-1. Female speaker, SBE (online suppl. audio 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-speech-waves-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-2xvocyp4.png Fig. 13. Speech waves, spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) traces of In a handbag. a RQ. b NI. c PI. Female speaker, SBE (online suppl. audio 13). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-speech-waves-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-3czsxuj6.png Fig. 6. Speech waves, spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) of two repeat questions in the question-word structure Where? a Early high-rising valley in RQ-1. b Late high-rising valley in RQ-1.1 – expression of surprise with negative intensification. Female speaker, SBE (online suppl. audio 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-speech-waves-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-1n6x0o82.png Fig. 9. Speech waves, spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) of four interrogative functions in the polarity-question structure Ist er in Rom?: a Early valley in PQ-1. b Late-valley in PQ-1.1. c Medial peak in PQ-2. d Late-medial peak in PQ-2.1. Male speaker; Standard German (online suppl. audio 9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-speech-wave-spectrogram-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-of-2vt3v78s.png Fig. 1. Speech wave, spectrogram, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) of double focus peak patterns in Mary came with Manny. Male speaker, Southern British English (SBE) (online suppl. audio 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-speech-waves-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-1dj829it.png Fig. 10. Speech waves, spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) of two repeat questions in the question-word structure Wo? a Early high-rising valley in RQ-1. b Late high-rising valley in RQ-1.1 – expression of surprise with negative intensification. Male speaker, Standard German (online suppl. audio10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-transcription-37f29i2s.png Fig. 17. Spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) + transcription for Tā xǐhuan qù hǎitān (ma): ma polarity question A (top), statement B (centre), prosody repeat question C1 (bottom). Female speaker (online suppl. audio 17). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-spectrograms-f0-plain-and-energy-dotted-transcription-2xkvjj3m.png Fig. 18. Spectrograms, F0 (plain) and energy (dotted) + transcription for Tā (búshì gèng) xǐhuan qù hǎitān (ma): reinforced ma repeat question C2 (top), contrastive statement B-c (centre), prosody surprise repeat question D (bottom). Female speaker (online suppl. audio 18). https://scispace.com/papers/from-downcoding-to-upcoding-drg-based-payment-in-hospitals-17xodivede 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trend-by-level-of-severity-sr8t5jzv.png Figure 1: Trend by level of Severity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ordered-probit-model-coefficients-1etcwqew.png Table 4: Ordered probit model (Coefficients) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ordered-probit-model-marginal-effect-3q2utce8.png Table 5: Ordered probit model (Marginal effect) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-least-square-model-39onj9di.png Table 3: Least square model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hospital-ownership-and-severity-level-2zya83t3.png Table 1: Hospital ownership and severity level (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-repartition-of-drgs-type-by-hospitals-ownership-1xqd3kif.png Table 2: Repartition of DRG’s type by hospital’s ownership (%) https://scispace.com/papers/from-era-interim-to-era5-considerable-impact-of-ecmwf-s-next-1al9uxgok5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-fig-3-but-for-july-2017-bdqka0mg.png Figure 4. Same as Fig. 3, but for July 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-zonal-mean-temperatures-water-vapor-volume-mixing-3i587d0t.png Figure 3. Zonal mean temperatures, water vapor volume mixing ratios, and zonal winds based on ERA5 (a, b, c) as well as corresponding differences between ERA5 and ERA-Interim (d, e, f) in January 2017. The black curve shows the zonal mean log-pressure height of the dynamical tropopause (based on thresholds of 3.5 PVU at mid and high latitudes and 380 K in the tropics). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-total-vertical-displacements-a-b-and-138wsj5t.png Figure 9. Comparison of total vertical displacements (a, b) and vertical velocities (c) of particles launched at an altitude of 2–8 km for six sets of ERA5 and ERA-Interim 10-day forward trajectories from June to August 2017. Only trajectories with net updraft (positive vertical displacement) after 10 days of simulation time are considered. The bin size is 5◦ in latitude and 0.5 km in altitude. Relative differences between ERA5 and ERA-Interim are only shown if at least 20 samples per bin are present. Vertical velocities are sampled every 6 h along the trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-global-transport-deviations-after-1-day-at-33n80mn5.png Figure 14. Global transport deviations after 1 day at different height levels caused by downsampling of ERA5 (blue and red bars) and due to parameterized diffusion and subgrid-scale wind fluctuations (light gray bars). The labeling of the plots refers to downsampling of the number of synoptic time steps nt (downsampling experiment I), vertical levels nlev (downsampling experiment II), and horizontal grid points nlon× nlat (downsampling experiment III) of the ERA5 data, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-global-transport-deviations-of-1-day-forward-23ioejgf.png Figure 15. Global transport deviations of 1-day forward trajectories calculated with ERA5 data downsampled to the spatiotemporal resolution of ERA-Interim and ERA5 data at full resolution (blue and red bars). Transport deviations between ERA-Interim and ERA5 trajectories (cf. Fig. 8) are shown for reference (dark gray bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particle-positions-a-b-meteorological-variables-c-d-1lz16hke.png Figure 5. Particle positions (a, b), meteorological variables (c, d), and dynamical tracers (e, f) sampled along a 10-day forward trajectory calculated with either ERA-Interim (red) or ERA5 (dark gray). Also shown is a 1000-member set of ERA5 trajectories with additional modeling of diffusion and subgrid-scale wind fluctuations (light gray). All trajectories were launched on 1 January 2017, 00:00 UTC at (40◦ N, 150◦W) and 58.2 hPa (an altitude of about 20 km). The model output was saved every 20 min. Bullet points in (a) indicate 24 h intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-transport-deviations-between-era-interim-and-era5-z0k9tjl1.png Figure 8. Transport deviations between ERA-Interim and ERA5 forward trajectories (blue and red bars for different height ranges) and transport deviations due to parameterized diffusion and subgrid-scale wind fluctuations (corresponding light gray bars) after 1 day (a, c, e, g) and 10 days (b, d, f, h) of simulation time. The bars indicate the peak-to-peak range and the median of 24 trajectory simulations covering the year 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-era5-and-era-interim-140ornn4.png Table 1. Characteristics of the ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses as well as resource requirements to calculate 10-day forward trajectories for 106 particles with the MPTRAC model on a single computing node (including 24 cores) of the JURECA supercomputer at Jülich. https://scispace.com/papers/from-explicit-to-implicit-density-functionals-2w6nmtblo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-only-exchange-potential-of-neutral-ne-self-eykon9l5.png FIGURE 1. X-Only exchange potential of neutral Ne. Self-consistent OPM, KLI, LDA, and PW91-GGA results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-potential-of-neutral-ne-cs-lda-and-pw91-31c96git.png FIGURE 5. Correlation potential of neutral Ne. CS, LDA, and PW91-GGA potentials in comparison with exact result by C. J. Umrigar and collaborators.84 https://scispace.com/papers/from-goswami-rajas-to-goswami-caste-in-hyderabad-4pl04uvjms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-narpat-girji-math-begum-bazar-220565qy.png Figure 2 Narpat Girji math, Begum Bazar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mirzapur-mahants-1tkqev2x.png Figure 4 Mirzapur mahants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-raja-birbhan-girjis-family-207c81by.png Figure 3 Raja Birbhan Girji’s family https://scispace.com/papers/from-silent-film-to-youtube-tracing-the-historical-roots-of-2ivmdzq2ld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-early-strategies-for-teaching-with-educational-film-154z2lxt.png Table 1 Early Strategies for Teaching with Educational Film https://scispace.com/papers/from-predictions-to-prescriptions-a-data-driven-response-to-4rbjyxfu27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-flow-diagram-of-delphi-10mc69qb.png Fig. 4 Simplified flow diagram of DELPHI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-cohort-characteristics-on-projected-dh397p75.png Fig. 2 Impact of cohort characteristics on projected mortality, assessed at a cohort level. The size of each dot represents the number of patients in the cohort, and its color represents the nation the study was performed in. We only include studies reporting both discharged and deceased patients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-united-states-predictions-for-mid-july-under-mass-rcps52sn.png Fig. 7 United States predictions for mid-July under mass gathering, travel and work restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-our-end-to-end-analytics-approach-we-1y1ypmie.png Fig. 1 Overview of our end-to-end analytics approach. We leverage diverse data sources to inform a family of descriptive, predictive and prescriptive tools for clinical and policy decision-making support https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shapley-additive-explanations-shap-importance-plots-3mbodvrf.png Fig. 3 SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) importance plots for the mortality and infection risk calculators. The five most important features are shown for each model. Gender is a binary feature (female is equal to 1, shown in red; male is equal to 0, shown in blue). Each row represents the impact of a feature on the outcome, with higher SHAP values indicating higher likelihood of a positive outcome https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reopening-scenarios-for-new-york-25bhl0th.png Fig. 6 Reopening scenarios for New York https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-edge-of-optimization-to-eliminate-ventilator-1djd3rnk.png Fig. 8 The edge of optimization to eliminate ventilator shortages https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-count-and-prevalence-of-symptoms-among-covid-19-10li6p4v.png Table 1 Count and prevalence of symptoms among COVID-19 patients, in aggregate, broken down into mild/severe patients, and broken down per continent (Asia, Europe, North America) https://scispace.com/papers/from-transliteration-to-trans-scripting-creativity-and-3npb9z4hg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sources-and-distribution-of-tokens-3izkzo7h.png Table 2. Sources and distribution of tokens https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-respelling-orientations-2ro5lxkv.png Table 3. Frequency of respelling orientations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respellings-of-english-related-forms-in-other-34juld6t.png Table 1. Respellings of English-related forms in other writing systems https://scispace.com/papers/from-stocharts-to-modest-a-comparative-reliability-analysis-40g4man42l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-stochart-3n7w8ffj.png Figure 1: Example StoChart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-receiver-model-including-error-models-1prxh7bw.png Figure 4: The receiver model, including error models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sender-model-34yud275.png Figure 3: The sender model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-series-results-probability-that-t-is-q9t68dcq.png Table 3: Experiment series results: Probability that ∆t is always ≤ 15 sec https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-two-cumulative-distribution-functions-1nxdr39f.png Figure 7: Comparison of two cumulative distribution functions for max ∆t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-distribution-function-for-the-16rw5dco.png Figure 2: Cumulative distribution function for the transmission delay https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-1-results-probability-that-communication-31mxwha6.png Table 1: Experiment 1 results: Probability that communication succeeds before the indicated time t https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-2-results-probability-that-t-is-always-22br7n9k.png Table 2: Experiment 2 results: Probability that ∆t is always ≤ the indicated time during a 1 hour trip https://scispace.com/papers/from-turing-instability-to-fractals-2o7xrmwo1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-power-spectrum-evolution-in-time-a-t-tr-b-t-uzh7jzlu.png Fig. 2. Typical power spectrum evolution in time: (a) t = tR, (b) t =25tR, (c) t =100tR, (d) t =2500tR (τ = 0, lD = 0.4 and a = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-a-ring-cavity-with-a-thin-slice-29uyjaqt.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of a ring cavity with a thin slice of nonlinear medium and a spatial filter F(K2,KC2). Typical Turing instability threshold curves for (b) diffusive-relaxing Kerr, and (b) Maxwell-Bloch saturable absorber cavities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transverse-intensity-distribution-showing-the-b5kitq3m.png Fig. 3. Transverse intensity distribution showing the transition from a conventional (single-K) pattern – a hexagonal array – to a fractal mode in a thin-slice Maxwell-Bloch ring cavity. Self-similarity persists down to spatial scales of the order of the optical wavelength. https://scispace.com/papers/frontiers-in-microbiology-envisioning-a-curriculum-unit-for-5aod886gpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-important-practical-and-conceptual-aspects-of-1gssx3q3.png Table 1. Important Practical and Conceptual Aspects of Microbiology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bscs-curriculum-development-process-2tjsh2bs.png Figure 1. The BSCS Curriculum Development Process https://scispace.com/papers/from-weak-to-strong-localization-in-a-ferromagnetic-high-2120ywpklj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-terminal-resistance-in-the-low-field-region-of-378mzesz.png Fig. 3. The two-terminal resistance in the low-field region of the inverted doped structure shows temperature-dependent hysteresis and abrupt resistance drops over more than 5 orders of magnitude at the lowest temperature T=30 mK (black). The absolute resistance values and the jump-field are strongly temperature dependent. The jumps in the resistance disappear for T4400 mK and the hysteresis is still visible at T=600 mK. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-longitudinal-magnetoresistance-rxx-a-and-hall-38wryxnr.png Fig. 2. Longitudinal magnetoresistance Rxx (a) and Hall resistance Rxy (b) in the vicinity of B=0 T for temperatures ranging from T=50 mK to T=1.5 K for the normal doped QW without Mn in the channel. (a) The sign of Rxx changes between T=610 mK (cyan) and T=600 mK (blue) from weak anti-localization like behavior to a hysteretic-like rise with a minimum at B=0 T. (b) The Hall resistance traces Rxy show for Tr600 mK an additional feature around B=0 T and are shifted vertically compared to the traces for T4600 mK.(For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-longitudinal-resistance-rxx-black-and-hall-kmaa214v.png Fig. 1. (a) Longitudinal resistance Rxx (black) and Hall resistance Rxy (red) at T=200 mK for normal (a) and inverted (b) Mn modulation-doped QW structure reveal clear Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with vanishing resistance at lower filling factors and quantum Hall plateaus. Inset in (a), (b), schematic layer sequence of the normal and inverted doped QW structures consisting of an InGaAs layer with an asymmetric embedded strained InAs channel in InAlAs barriers. In contrast to the normal doped QW (a), the low-field resistance of the inverted structure (b) increases strongly in the low-field region (only shown down to B=2 T). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/fuel-efficient-model-predictive-control-for-heavy-duty-3oh37bpnmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-neural-networks-used-to-model-the-16qkxx6s.png Fig. 6: Illustration of the neural networks used to model the set speed deviations for a vehicle operating an LACC. Note that the network is in closed loop form with respect to the output, v̂δk+1, meaning that it can be used for prediction of an arbitrary number of steps, since the road slope α is known at every step. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-the-working-principle-of-the-online-34c7ydxs.png Fig. 7: Illustration of the working principle of the online correction system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evaluation-of-the-40-tonnes-lacc-set-speed-deviation-1ch10wcj.png Fig. 8: Evaluation of the 40 tonnes LACC set speed deviation predictor on the road section between Södertälje and Norrköping. Note that the entire series of predictions is made in closed loop. The model generalize well and captures the dynamics well. In particular, the model captures the LACC behavior of slowing down before downhills accurately, as well as the subsequent accelerations in the downhills. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-visualization-of-a-two-vehicle-platoon-17ol5v42.png Fig. 1: Conceptual visualization of a two vehicle platoon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-longitudinal-forces-acting-on-the-controlled-hdv-o4a0muti.png TABLE I: Longitudinal forces acting on the controlled HDV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-data-for-follower-trucks-with-a-mass-of-40-t-using-2ftnlw8m.png TABLE V: Data for follower trucks with a mass of 40 t using the MPC controller with predictor systems. The last column presents reduction in fuel consumption compared to a 40 t follower truck in an ACC-LACC platoon, and the fourth column presents brake energy reduction compared to the same truck. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-performance-measures-of-the-lacc-predictors-k98fotfq.png TABLE IV: Performance measures of the LACC predictors predicting deviations from the cruise controller set speed between the Swedish cities Södertälje and Norrköping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-measures-of-the-acc-predictors-t2qv3fs2.png TABLE III: Performance measures of the ACC predictors predicting deviations from the cruise controller set speed between the Swedish cities Södertälje and Norrköping. https://scispace.com/papers/full-bridge-mmc-converter-optimal-design-to-hvdc-operational-35xrr2kerf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-igbts-per-unit-power-for-different-kmmc-and-zaq7tgzv.png Fig. 3 Number of IGBTs per unit power for different kMMC and for different Vdcmin requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-minimal-number-of-fb-submodules-in-an-arm-for-given-1t99pnjr.png Fig. 4 Minimal number of FB submodules in an arm for given kMMC and Vdcmin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-test-system-2nzd0fr5.png Table 1 parameters of the test system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fb-mmc-power-increase-with-kmmc-for-constant-vdc-and-3ujb3mqm.png Fig. 2. FB-MMC power increase with kMMC (for constant Vdc and submodule peak current Ipm). https://scispace.com/papers/full-scale-bioreactor-landfill-for-carbon-sequestration-and-2ox3ulvcsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-sensors-for-the-aerobic-cell-11a6gglo.png Table 6. Summary of Sensors for the Aerobic Cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-northeast-anaerobic-cell-base-layer-moisture-yi78xnom.png Figure 5. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Base Layer Moisture Readings (PVC Moisture Sensors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-field-chemistry-and-analytical-results-for-leachate-3os0jl86.png Table 20. Field Chemistry and Analytical Results for Leachate Removed from the Northeast Anaerobic Cell (East Sump) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-aerobic-cell-layer-0-5-temperature-readings-3cbbpngl.png Figure 21. Aerobic Cell Layer 0.5 Temperature Readings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-field-chemistry-and-selected-laboratory-chemistry-2z9t2733.png Table 3-1. Field Chemistry and Selected Laboratory Chemistry for Leachate Sampled from the Northeast Anaerobic Cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-aerobic-cell-layer-0-5-moisture-readings-pvc-j43ip9fd.png Figure 26. Aerobic Cell Layer 0.5 Moisture Readings (PVC Moisture Sensors) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-northeast-anaerobic-cell-methane-concentrations-yy1th4eq.png Figure 12. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Methane Concentrations from LFG Extraction WellHeads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-west-side-anaerobic-cell-base-layer-moisture-qslp4q6x.png Figure 18. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Base Layer Moisture Readings (PVC Moisture Sensors) https://scispace.com/papers/fully-printed-phased-array-antenna-for-space-communications-4hmxnmcmde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-structure-of-the-cnt-based-fet-20s36mga.png Fig. 1. The schematic structure of the CNT based FET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corresponding-delay-lengths-and-the-steering-angles-3tqujox5.png Table 1. Corresponding delay lengths and the steering angles of PAA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-source-drain-i-v-characteristics-ids-vs-vds-of-the-379iuxh8.png Fig. 3. Source-drain I-V characteristics (IDS vs. VDS) of the fabricated CNT-FET at different gate voltages (VG). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-2-bit-2-element-phased-array-antenna-2n61dape.png Fig. 2. Layout of the 2-bit 2-element phased array antenna subsystem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectrum-of-the-output-signal-left-peak-dc-component-3i03utn9.png Fig. 4 Spectrum of the output signal; left peak: DC component of the output signal; right peak: AC component of the spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-theoretical-values-and-measurement-results-of-far-1o900en0.png Fig. 6. The theoretical values and measurement results of far field patterns for -30˚ steering. https://scispace.com/papers/full-vertical-car-observer-design-methodology-for-suspension-461xn3hh05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-car-measured-variables-and-sensors-2o2d5r7f.png Table 1: Test car: measured variables and sensors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-uncertainties-tgsgoj0p.png Table 3: Parameter uncertainties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vertical-full-car-model-with-14-dof-q21h2us7.png Figure 2: Vertical full-car model with 14 DOF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uncertain-system-for-robust-performance-analysis-39imzbcj.png Figure 9: Uncertain system for robust performance analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-uncertain-system-for-robust-stability-analysis-3mv7kosv.png Figure 7: Uncertain system for robust stability analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vertical-full-car-parameters-and-variables-2375u2kg.png Table 2: Vertical full-car parameters and variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observer-design-procedure-3dkhvzh5.png Figure 4: Observer design procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lmi-regions-in-complex-plane-36pukhe2.png Figure 3: LMI regions in complex plane https://scispace.com/papers/functional-analysis-of-histone-deacetylase-and-its-role-in-2c74tiksj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hstd-aohst4-and-hdad-aohos2-regulate-sm-production-and-1inzeaie.png FIG 2 hstD/Aohst4 and hdaD/Aohos2 regulate SM production and development. (A) The morphological phenotype on N agar medium (MM) and results of the kojic acid production plate assay (KA) are provided for the indicated strains. (B, C) Radial growth and conidiation of the indicated strains on N agar medium, respectively. (D) Time course characteristics of kojic acid production of the indicated disruptants. (E) Expression profiles of kojic acid cluster genes represented by Northern hybridization. The culture times of the indicated strains are shown at the top of the panel. The analyzed gene is indicated on the left side of each blot. The results for rRNA, used as the loading control, are shown. (F) Bioassay of penicillin production of the hstD strain. (G) Northern hybridization of the penicillin biosynthetic gene ipnA in the hstD strain. The results for rRNA, used as the loading control, are shown. The adeA strain was used as a control in the experiment whose results are presented in this figure. All data are represented as means SDs (n 3); *, P 0.01, t test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-used-in-this-study-tf6g4len.png TABLE 1. Strains used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-analysis-of-histone-deacetylase-in-a-27lb8l53.png FIG 1 Phylogenetic analysis of histone deacetylase in A. oryzae. Accession numbers and HDAC names are indicated for each branch. The HDAC names of S. cerevisiae or H. sapiens with the species name indicated are followed by a slash. The numbers at the nodes are bootstrap values obtained from 1,000 replicates and are indicated as percentages. Scale bar, a distance corresponding to 0.2 amino acid substitution per site. The class or subclass of HDACs is shown on the right. These classes of HDACs are referred to in previous phylogenetic studies (4, 6, 34). AoHDACs are indicated by underlines. Abbreviations of AoHDAC gene names are as follows: hda, histone deacetylase; hst, homolog of sirtuin. The class to which hstD belongs is surrounded by a gray border. The gene names and their https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-epistatic-relationship-between-hstd-and-laea-a-1eaxsvkh.png FIG 6 Epistatic relationship between hstD and laeA. (A) Analysis of the morphology and SM production of the hstD OE::laeA and laeA OE::hstD strains. MM, morphological phenotype of the indicated strain on N agar medium; 100, closeup stereomicroscopic images of the strains on N agar medium (magnification, 100; bar, 500 m; red arrows, examples of conidia); KA and PEN, plate assay or bioassay of kojic acid and penicillin, respectively. (B, C) Quantification of the conidiation rate and kojic acid production of the hstD OE::laeA and laeA OE::hstD strains, respectively. The adeA pUSA strain was used as the control, and the hstD pUSA , OE::laeA adeA , laeA pUSA , and OE::hstD adeA strains represent the hstD, OE::laeA, laeA, and OE::hstD strains, respectively, in this figure. The amyB promoter was used to drive overexpression of laeA and hstD. All data are represented as means SDs (n 3); *, P 0.01, t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-genetic-interaction-between-hstd-and-laea-a-expression-1idczcvp.png FIG 5 Genetic interaction between hstD and laeA. (A) Expression profile of laeA under the KA-producing condition. The adeA strain was used as a control. The culture time of the indicated strain is shown at the top of the panel. The results for rRNA, used as the loading control, are shown. (B) Analysis of morphology and SM production of the hstD, laeA, and hstD laeA strains. MM, morphological phenotype of the indicated strain on N agar medium; 100, closeup stereomicroscopic images of the strains on N agar medium (magnification, 100; bar, 500 m; red arrows, examples of conidia); KA and PEN, plate assay or bioassay of kojic acid and penicillin, respectively. (C, D) Quantification of the conidiation rate and kojic acid production of the hstD, laeA, and hstD laeA strains, respectively. Except for panel A, the adeA sC strain was used as the control, and the hstD sC and laeA sC strains represent the hstD and laeA strains, respectively, in this figure. All data are represented as means SDs (n 3); *, P 0.01, t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-enrichment-analysis-of-the-funcat-categorization-of-1k04u2ra.png FIG 4 Enrichment analysis of the FunCat categorization of the microarray analysis. Significantly enriched FunCat level 1 and level 2 categories of genes upregulated (A, B) or downregulated (C, D) by hstD/Aohst4 deletion are shown. The FunCat is the organism-independent functional description of proteins (33). FunCat consists of 28 main functional categories (level 1). Level 1 is the most general one, whereas level 2 shows much more detail. The percentage indicated for each category contributes to the total mapping. Insignificant FunCat categories are indicated as insignificant in the pie charts. Significantly enriched categories were extracted by FungiFun software (cutoff P value, 0.05; Fisher’s exact test) (32). Details of the enrichment analysis are available at the FungiFun website (https://sbi.hki-jena.de/FungiFun/FungiFunHelp.html). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complementation-analysis-of-hstd-a-analysis-of-the-2cb3wnsu.png FIG 3 Complementation analysis of hstD. (A) Analysis of the morphology and SM production of the hstD and hstD strains. MM, morphological phenotype of the indicated strain on N agar medium; 100, closeup stereomicroscopic images of the strains on N agar medium (magnification, 100; bar, 500 m; red arrows, examples of conidia); KA and PEN, plate assay or bioassay of kojic acid and penicillin, respectively. (B, C) Quantification of colony diameter and rate of conidiation of hstD and hstD strains, respectively. (D) The expression profiles of the kojic acid cluster genes were determined by Northern hybridization. The culture time of the indicated strain is shown at the top. The analyzed gene is indicated on the left side of each blot. The results for rRNA, used as the loading control, are shown. (E) Quantification of kojic acid production. The adeA sC strain was used as the control, and the hstD sC strain represents the hstD strain. All data are represented as means SDs (n 3); *, P 0.01, t test. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-connectivity-within-and-between-n-back-modulated-qr27ugb2cm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regions-of-interest-6mm-radius-spheres-used-as-both-13x68tf1.png Table 2. Regions of Interest: 6mm-radius Spheres used as both Seeds and Targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-second-level-analysis-of-each-ppi-variable-and-fc-by-1ht9i84d.png Table 3. Second-Level Analysis of Each PPI Variable and FC by Linear and Quadratic Age https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-and-quadratic-age-ppi-and-interactions-for-3ip03gav.png Table 4. Linear and Quadratic Age, PPI, and Interactions for each PPI Variable and FC Effects on Working Memory Discrimination Index (d') https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-by-age-group-means-standard-2dp8xk81.png Table 1. Participant Demographics by Age Group: Means ( Standard Deviation) https://scispace.com/papers/functional-connectivity-within-conservation-networks-2bt1zl6ra0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-euclidian-distance-between-neighboring-clusters-of-swq9kifv.png Table 1. Euclidian distance between neighboring clusters of elephant data arranged from west to east. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-flow-using-the-habitat-selection-index-as-19oqim0b.png Figure 3. Current flow using the habitat selection index as the resistance. Owing to the computing limitations of the program Circuitscape, the study area was divided into five sections (dashed black line). Black regions indicate areas of zero flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-index-of-habitat-use-for-female-a-and-male-1ghu0acm.png Figure 2. Relative index of habitat use for female (a) and male (b) elephants. Black regions represent areas that were not predicted because the variable values were outside of the range observed within the habitat selection model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-study-area-in-southern-africa-3olsqpx9.png Figure 1. Map of the study area in southern Africa incorporating seven countries. Areas with elephant https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficient-estimates-and-standard-errors-for-13pbl6pn.png Table 2. Coefficient estimates and standard errors for habitat selection models. Significance to p = 0.001 is indicated (***), and quadratic terms not included in the final model are denoted (-). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-current-flow-using-the-habitat-selection-index-as-2ofrh0iw.png Figure 4. Current flow using the habitat selection index as the resistance, along with absolute barriers. Absolute barriers were defined as values greater than those observed within 99 percent of the elephant location data for distance to water, human population density, and slope. Black regions indicate areas of zero flow. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-implications-of-impaired-control-of-submaximal-2fvv2idxkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-means-standard-error-of-the-coefficient-of-33aqij4t.png Figure 2. Group means ± standard error of the coefficient of variation (CV) (ratio) for the paretic (black), nonparetic (gray), and control (white) legs at each of the load level conditions (percent of maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]). As a main effect, the magnitude of CV varied as follows: ▪ paretic nonparetic □ control. There was an interaction between the leg and load condition where the paretic leg CV was largest at the 5% load condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-associations-between-the-paretic-and-nonparetic-hip-3b01ly5s.png Figure 5. Associations between the paretic and nonparetic hip flexor CV at the 5% load and self-selected walking speed (A) and Berg Balance Score (B). Participants with larger torque fluctuations in their paretic leg walked slower and had worse balance (P < 0.05). The associations for the nonparetic leg were not significant (P > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-group-averages-of-the-coefficient-of-variation-cv-1n4h1f2e.png Figure 4. Group averages of the coefficient of variation (CV) for the contralateral leg at the 5% load level. The control leg had significantly smaller CV as compared to the nonparetic and control legs (*P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-participant-data-of-hip-flexion-torque-29xvjzmg.png Figure 1. Single participant data of hip flexion torque traces at the 5% load level. The relative magnitude of torque fluctuations (coefficient of variation) and error from the target torque (root mean square error) were calculated as performance measures at each load. Frequency content of the torque signal (power density spectrum) was also analyzed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percent-area-of-frequency-power-for-each-load-level-32f1hfne.png Figure 3. Percent area of frequency power for each load level in each frequency bin. Note that at the 5% load level there is less power in the lowest frequency bin and more power in the 7–15 Hz bin. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-group-composition-of-organic-aerosol-from-13ubkoetld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-contributions-of-primary-fossil-emissions-cvxi9z4c.png Fig. 2. Calculated contributions of primary fossil emissions (PfOA), biomass smoke (BBOA) and secondary processes (SOA) to the concentrations of RCOOH (a), RCOR0 (b) and RNO2 (c), in the case of Marseille and Grenoble. For comparison the measured concentrations of the three functional groups is represented as well. Also shown as pie charts are the average contributions of these sources to the three functional groups measured in each environment; residuals denote the difference between measured and calculated concentrations. For RNO2 in the case of Marseille, average contributions are not shown as the regression overestimates the RNO2 concentrations (calculated/measured ¼ 2.13). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-van-krevelen-diagram-illustrating-how-untnylyv.png Fig. 4. Van Krevelen diagram illustrating how functionalisation reactions of organic species affect H:C and O:C ratios of the organic matter. Each gray dashed line having different slopes illustrates the addition of a particular functional group (RCOR0 , RCOOH and ROH) to an aliphatic un-functionalised carbon. The starting point of these lines (i.e. O:C ¼ 0 and H:C ¼ 1.51, un-functionalised carbon having an average molecular formula of [C4H6]n) is obtained by fitting the H:C and O:C ratios of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) resulting from PMF analysis of Marseille and Grenoble AMS data (AMS-line). OOA H:C and O:C ratios are calculated based on m/z 43 and m/z 44 signal fractions, respectively, using the Ng et al. (2011) parameterisation. VK-triangle parameterization developed in the latter paper, enclosing OOA fractions observed in the ambient, is represented by the gray area. In parallel, also represented are SOA partial H:C* and O:C* ratios calculated based on RCOOH and RCOR0 functional groups measured here (FGline). The H:C* ratio value is estimated based on the O:C* ratio of SOA (0.17, Table 2) and the RCOR0:RCOOH ratio of 1:3.6 measured for SOA represented by the dashed green line (H:C* ¼ 1.22 O:C* þ 1.51). Likewise, H:C* and O:C* ratios of BB HULIS, aged BB HULIS and xylene photo-oxidation SOA are calculated and shown in the figure. The comparison between the partial O:C* ratio of SOA and the average O:C ratio estimated for OOA (0.63) enables to estimate the ROH content at 460& OC (or ROOH/ OC of 230& or RSO4H/OC of 115&) or a RCOR0:RCOOH:ROH ratio of 1:3.6:22.6. Based on this prediction, aging slope is estimated at 0.3 and represented by the dashed black line (H:C* ¼ 0.3 O:C* þ 1.51) which seems to characterise very well the H:C and O:C ratios of OOA. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-of-the-three-functional-groups-rcooh-1smavdo4.png Table 1 Concentrations of the three functional groups (RCOOH, RCOR0 and RNO2) determined in the organic aerosol at Marseille and Grenoble, compared to those reported in other sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concentrations-of-the-three-functional-groups-rcooh-2keqi3gq.png Fig. 1. Concentrations of the three functional groups (RCOOH, RCOR0 and RNO2) determined in the organic aerosol at Marseille (orange circles) and Grenoble (blue circles) as a function of the OC concentrations. The slopes of the linear regressions denote the functionnalisation rates [&] of the ambient aerosol at the two sites, which are compared with the rates determined for different emissions (xylene photo-oxidation in green lines, vehicular emissions in black lines and biomass burning HULIS in red lines) in Dron et al. (2010) and Baduel et al. (2011). The lower right panel compares the functionnalisation rates of ambient and source aerosols. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organic-carbon-functionalisation-rates-of-fossil-2kvn22rc.png Table 2 Organic carbon functionalisation rates of fossil fuel combustion emissions (PfOA), biomass burning (BBOA) and SOA estimated by the multiple regression analysis. Picharts present the contribution of each functional group to the total quantified functions. Based on these rates, the probabilities (OC/FG) of a carbon to bear a RCOOH, RCOR0 or RNO2 are calculated. Also reported are the inferred partial O:C* ratios that only refer to functional groups quantified here. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-innovation-from-changes-in-protein-domains-and-40y37g6o5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-domain-families-shows-the-proportion-of-human-1stpynd5.png Figure 2. A) 'Domain Families' shows the proportion of Human domain families found to be widely present at different taxonomic levels. A domain family is assigned to a taxonomic level if it is found to be present in more than 20% of species from each of its main child taxon’s (using the NCBI tree) (e.g. for the 'Cellular' group this requires that the domain family be present in >20% from each group of Archaeal, Bacterial and Eukaryotic species). If a domain family is found to occur widely in a more ancient group it is not assigned to a younger group. B) 'Domain Residues' is the proportion of human protein residues assigned to domain families from a given taxonomic level. C) 'Domain Compositions' shows the multi-domain compositions (the set of domains with no respect of order i.e. ABC==ACB) assigned to different taxonomic levels using the same criteria of occurrence rate etc. as for domain families. Note this is purely a representation of how widely occurring different domain combinations are at different taxonomic levels. In the above plots shifting the cut-off from 20% to 50% resulted in broadly similar trends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enriched-intracellular-signalling-go-functions-in-ig5f96rx.png Figure 4. Enriched intracellular-signalling GO functions in Metazoa, (comparing domains in Metazoa versus other Eukaryotes and obtaining GO terms from their CATH FunFams (Das et al. 2014)) (node size relates to significance of enrichment). Links between GO terms are made by analysing unique Metazoan domain superfamily pairings, obtaining the functions of each domain (from GO terms in their CATH FunFams) and then linking these functions. The thickness of links shows the relative enrichment in Metazoa relative to other eukaryotes. In order to restrict the network size, GO terms that were very general or highly specific were removed, redundant GO terms were removed and only the top 12 enriched terms were retained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-two-columns-show-percentage-covered-by-2fs1b37s.png Figure 1: The first two columns show percentage covered by the largest 100 CATH superfamilies (as measured by the number of FunFams) in blue. In the first column is the percentage of all FunFams covered in A) all pan-compara genomes and B) Metazoan genomes. The second column shows percentages of the number of distinct domain partners C) for all pan-compara genomes and D) just Metazoan genomes. E) There is a strong correlation between the size of a superfamily (as measured by the number of FunFams it has) and the number of domain partners it has. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-2-and-3-dimensional-multi-domain-architectures-2lwabism.png Figure 3: The 2- and 3-dimensional Multi-Domain Architectures (MDAs: ordered https://scispace.com/papers/functional-visual-fields-relationship-of-visual-field-areas-3ocpr5gkkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-assessed-n-1gz7kwwf.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the variables assessed (n=52). The mean ± standard deviation, and the median (interquartile range) are given for the clinical visual function variables. *Number of comorbid conditions from a list of 12 common medical conditions representing general health status.56 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-threshold-values-representing-the-median-threshold-1tml5yjf.png Figure 1. Threshold values representing the median threshold of the sample (n=52) at each test location for a) central 30-2, and b) peripheral 60-4 tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-the-variables-assessed-and-self-1szlyqup.png Table 2. Relationship between the variables assessed, and self-reported overall and mobility function. *p≤0.0025, for all others p>0.0025. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-repertoire-convergence-of-distantly-related-41tcoh8tcq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-world-map-distribution-projections-for-three-1yikd835.png Figure 4. World map distribution projections for three eukaryotic MAGs during the periods of 2006-2015 and 2090-2099. The probability of presence ranges from 0 (purple) to 1 (red), with green corresponding to a probability of 0.5. The bottom row displays first-rank region-dependent environmental parameters driving the projected shifts of distribution (in regions where |∆P|>0.1). Noticeably, projected decreases of silicate in equatorial regions drive 34% of the expansion of TARA_PSW_MAG_00299 while driving 34% of the reduction of TARA_PSE_93_MAG_00246, possibly reflecting different life strategies of these copepods (e.g., grazing). In contrast, the expansion of TARA_IOS_50_MAG_00098 is mostly driven by temperature (74%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-genome-resolved-metagenomic-survey-dedicated-to-3jd6ddt2.png Figure 1. A genome-resolved metagenomic survey dedicated to eukaryotes in the sunlit ocean. The map displays Tara Oceans stations used to perform genome-resolved metagenomics, summarizes the number of metagenomes, contigs longer than 2,500 nucleotides, and eukaryotic MAGs characterized from each co-assembly and outlines the stations used for single-cell genomics. ARC: Arctic Ocean; MED: Mediterranean Sea; RED: Red Sea, ION: Indian Ocean North; IOS: Indian Ocean South; SOC: Southern Ocean; AON: Atlantic Ocean North; AOS: Atlantic Ocean South; PON: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-genomic-functional-landscape-of-unicellular-1biqa8ut.png Figure 3. The genomic functional landscape of unicellular eukaryotes in the sunlit ocean. The figure displays a hierarchical clustering (Euclidean distance with Ward’s linkage) of 681 SMAGs based on the occurrence of ~28,000 functions identified with EggNOG52–54, rooted with small animals (Chordata, Crustacea and copepods) and decorated with layers of information using the anvi’o interactive interface. Layers include the occurrence in log 10 of 100 functions with lowest p-value when performing Welch’s ANOVA between the functional groups A, B, C and D (see nodes in the tree). Removed from the analysis were Ciliophora MAGs (gene calling is problematic for this lineage), two less complete MAGs affiliated to Opisthokonta, and functions occurring more than 500 times in the gigabase-scale MAG and linked to retrotransposons connecting otherwise unrelated SMAGs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phylogenetic-analysis-of-concatenated-dna-dependent-2wznkdit.png Figure 2: Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated DNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein sequences from eukaryotic plankton. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the concatenated two largest subunits from the three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (six genes in total) included Tara Oceans SMAGs and METdb transcriptomes and was generated using a total of 7,243 sites in the alignment and LG+F+R10 model; Opisthokonta was used as the outgroup. Supports for selected clades are displayed. Phylogenetic supports were considered high (aLRT>=80 and UFBoot>=95), medium (aLRT>=80 or UFBoot>=95) or low (aLRT<80 and UFBoot<95) (see Methods). The tree was decorated with additional layers using the anvi'o interface. The novelty score layer (see Methods) was set with a minimum of 30 (i.e., 70% similarity) and a maximum of 60 (i.e., 40% similarity). Branches and names in red correspond to main lineages lacking representatives in METdb. https://scispace.com/papers/funding-and-founding-private-charities-leiden-almshouses-and-5bdcvr6ciu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-elderly-leiden-inhabitants-accommodated-in-2vrl4p9i.png TABLE 1 Number of elderly Leiden inhabitants accommodated in almshouses https://scispace.com/papers/fungal-infections-in-hiv-aids-56pi9id7v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-features-of-histoplasmosis-in-patients-with-hiv-35g0u7lr.png Figure 2: Features of histoplasmosis in patients with HIV Chest radiograph showing a diffuse interstitial reticulonodular pattern in a patient with histoplasmosis (A). Photograph of a lymph node enlargement in histoplasmosis (B). Photographs of colonic ulcerations in a patient with histoplasmosis (C). Giemsa-stained bone marrow smear showing the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum (D). Lactophenol blue-stained bone marrow culture showing the mould form of H capsulatum (E). Used with permission of P Couppié (A, B,C) and C Aznar (D, E) from Cayenne General Hospital, France. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-features-of-talaromycosis-in-patients-with-hiv-34qyibgn.png Figure 4: Features of talaromycosis in patients with HIV Photograph of skin lesions in a patient with talaromycosis (A). Giemsa-stained touch skin smear showing oval-shape yeast organisms inside and outside of a ruptured macrophage (B). The arrowhead highlights the midline septum in a dividing yeast cell characteristic of Talaromyces marneffei. Morphology of T marneffei colonies and T marneffei cells grown at 25oC and at 37oC on Sabouraud agar medium (C). https://scispace.com/papers/further-constraint-of-the-in-situ-cosmogenic-10be-production-3n5s4384de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-protocol-for-separating-be-from-pyroxene-3olysfde.png Table 3: Chemical protocol for separating Be from pyroxene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topographic-setting-and-sample-distribution-at-mt-sfl33f67.png Figure 1: Topographic setting and sample distribution at Mt Ruapehu. 136 137 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pyroxene-derived-exposure-ages-at-mt-gran-red-n-8-170pkyii.png Figure 6: Pyroxene-derived exposure ages at Mt Gran (red; n=8; this study) and quartz-472 based exposure ages of Jones et al. (2015) (black; n=44). Ages are plotted with 1 s.d. 473 external uncertainty). Dashed rectangle in panel (a) delineates the axes limits of panel b. 474 Grey bar in panel b denotes the arithmetic mean and standard error of the mean (7.0 ± 475 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-and-in-situ-cosmogenic-10be-2erkvubs.png Table 1: Characteristics and in situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations (measured and reported relative to the NIST SRM4325 standard with an assumed isotope ratio of 3.0 x 1011) of all samples in this study. Based on field observations all samples are considered to be free from surface erosion. Superscript numbers alongside sample names denote the corresponding chemistry blank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-two-adjacent-surface-samples-from-mm1203-2ava6uql.png Figure 2: (a) Two adjacent surface samples from MM1203 processed for 10Be (this study) 140 and 3He (Eaves et al., 2015); (b) sample JC2 taken from a lateral moraine in the Wahianoa 141 valley, Mt Ruapehu and used for sequential leaching experiments; (c-f) example clasts 142 from Mt. Gran, Mackay Glacier. 143 144 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-compilation-of-co-existing-measurements-of-10be-and-1s1r8v5n.png Table 5: Compilation of co-existing measurements of 10Be and 3He in mafic minerals, with cross-calibrated (via 3He) productions rates for 10Be. Cosmogenic isotope concentrations have been corrected for sample thickness and shielding as reported in source publications (see Supplementary Data File). P3,SLHL used for cross calibration is taken as the globally compiled cosmogenic 3He production rate of 127.8 ± 11.6 at. g-1 yr-1 (St scaling) and 127.2 ± 11.0 at. g-1 yr-1 (Lm scaling). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-topographic-setting-and-sample-distribution-at-mt-2amyq7sl.png Figure 3: Topographic setting and sample distribution at Mt. Gran. a) Location of 184 Mackay Glacier is shown with a red arrow. b) Mt. Gran and Mt. Suess lie either side of 185 the main Mackay Glacier trunk. Grey arrows denote glacier flowstripes. c) Trends of 186 modelled ice surface lowering is similar at Mt. Gran and Mt. Suess (Jones et al., 2015), 187 with both sites experiencing rapid thinning at the same time (grey area). d) Samples at 188 Mt. Gran were collected from a region of rounded bedrock adjacent to the modern ice. 189 190 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-elution-curves-for-the-cation-exchange-column-setup-1ibghsg1.png Figure 5: Elution curves for the cation exchange column setup used in this study (20 ml 265 AG50 X8, 100-200 mesh). Measurements took place after each 20 ml eluant addition (x-266 axis ticks). Grey shading delimits Beryllium elution. 267 268 https://scispace.com/papers/further-development-of-velocity-based-airborne-tpa-scan-wh4bzyeg3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-narrow-band-90-100-hz-acoustic-transfer-function-2qdo86ob.png Figure 11. Narrow band (90-100 Hz) acoustic transfer function mapping of right front door (dBFS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-narrow-band-90-100-hz-pressure-contribution-20a6l2q3.png Figure 12. Narrow band (90-100 Hz) pressure contribution mapping of the ceiling (dBA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-narrow-band-90-100-hz-acoustic-transfer-function-2djy6t6f.png Figure 10. Narrow band (90-100 Hz) acoustic transfer function mapping of the ceiling(dBFS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-narrow-band-90-100-hz-particle-velocity-mapping-of-2nayuvi4.png Figure 9. Narrow band (90-100 Hz) particle velocity mapping of the ceiling (dB) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-surfaces-involved-in-the-3eb02zm7.png Figure 1. Schematic overview of the surfaces involved in the derivation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-narrow-band-90-100-hz-pressure-contribution-265i5rbh.png Figure 13. Narrow band (90-100 Hz) pressure contribution mapping of the right front door (dBA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-low-frequency-monopole-source-3bjcr5e0.png Figure 2. Low frequency monopole source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reference-pressure-microphone-at-the-driver-s-ear-26n9o3v1.png Figure 4. Reference pressure microphone at the driver's ear https://scispace.com/papers/further-robust-dissipativity-analysis-of-uncertain-1b0tpz7z94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-responses-of-the-nns-48-in-example-3-35eoagtg.png Figure 5. Time responses of the NNs (48) in Example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-maximum-permissible-delay-limit-r-for-different-1djx459v.png Table 1: The maximum permissible delay limit r for different µ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-responses-of-the-gnns-46-in-example-2-29nxggj6.png Figure 4. Time responses of the GNNs (46) in Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-responses-of-the-nns-6-in-example-1-3g8451gk.png Figure 1. Time responses of the NNs (6) in Example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/further-experience-in-bayesian-analysis-using-monte-carlo-c6di4esu1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-posterior-probabilities-of-states-17s97ot5.png TABLE 8 POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES OF STATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-posterior-densities-of-multipliers-in-reduced-and-2y2qz56r.png Fig. 2. Posterior densities of multipliers in reduced and final form equations of national income https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-three-points-on-three-information-contract-curvesa-344k5dx3.png TABLE 9 THREE POINTS ON THREE INFORMATION CONTRACT CURVESa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standard-deviations-of-selected-multipliers-period-3ez9uds3.png TABLE 2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF SELECTED MULTIPLIERS, PERIOD OF DOMINANT ROOT; PRIOR PROBABILITIES OF STATES https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-of-long-run-2tekojun.png TABLE 6 POSTERIOR MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF LONG RUN MULTIPLIERS (LRM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-of-249o9spw.png TABLE 4 POSTERIOR MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-of-short-run-286ibgtx.png TABLE 5 POSTERIOR MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF SHORT RUN MULTIPLIERS (SRM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prior-means-and-standard-deviations-of-structural-308ceslm.png TABLE 1 PRIOR MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/fusion-of-multispectral-and-panchromatic-images-based-on-56lvahj1l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-products-of-the-pansharpening-algorithms-on-the-1tagqp1b.png Fig. 5: Final products of the pansharpening algorithms on the Pleiades data set: (a) GT; (b) BDSD; (c) AWLP; (d) MTF-GLPHPM; (e) MF-LA; (f) MF-HG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-results-for-each-dataset-the-best-qrmk45vb.png TABLE II: QUANTITATIVE RESULTS. FOR EACH DATASET, THE BEST RESULT AMONG OPERATORS IS MARKED IN BOLD, THE SECOND ONE IS UNDERLINED AND THE THIRD IS WRITTEN IN ITALIC CHARACTERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-details-extracted-by-the-pansharpening-algorithms-on-1dgfxu85.png Fig. 7: Details extracted by the pansharpening algorithms on the Geoeye data set: (a) BDSD; (b) AWLP; (c) MTF-GLP-HPM; (d) MF-TO-HPM; (e) MF-LA; (f) MF-HG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-details-extracted-by-the-pansharpening-algorithms-on-smn45oae.png Fig. 6: Details extracted by the pansharpening algorithms on the Pleiades data set: (a) GT; (b) BDSD; (c) AWLP; (d) MTFGLP-HPM; (e) MF-LA; (f) MF-HG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-quantitative-results-obtained-by-using-the-different-3q7le2fp.png TABLE I: QUANTITATIVE RESULTS OBTAINED BY USING THE DIFFERENT DECOMPOSITION OPERATORS TXX WITH 3×3 DIAMOND-SHAPED SE, DYADIC DECOMPOSITION AND BILINEAR INTERPOLATION FOR THE EXPANSION. FOR EACH DATASET, THE BEST RESULT AMONG OPERATORS IS MARKED IN BOLD, THE SECOND ONE IS UNDERLINED AND THE THIRD IS WRITTEN IN ITALIC CHARACTERS. https://scispace.com/papers/future-intensification-of-hydro-meteorological-extremes-2i8hwmxb34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-decadal-climatology-over-study-area-from-five-2unbonsr.png Fig. 1 Average decadal climatology over study area from five GCMs. 2 (up: yearly median, minimum and maximum temperature for every GCM during each decade; 3 down: yearly accumulated, minimum and maximum precipitation for every GCM during each decade) 4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-past-and-future-cdd-days-cwd-days-1-rr10mm-days-2j977d7j.png Table 4 Past and Future CDD (days), CWD (days), 1 RR10MM (days), RR20MM (days) and RX1day (mm) per region per RCP 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regional-rainy-season-rainfall-and-snowfall-mm-for-tainykuu.png Table 3 Regional rainy-season rainfall and snowfall (mm) for RCP4.5 and 8.5 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-wrfs-two-domains-9-3km-configuration-with-a-color-xx9zdrvm.png Fig. 2 (a) WRF’s two domains (9:3km) configuration with a color map of terrain height above sea level (ASL) 13 (m), (b) study area divided into five geo-climatic regions 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-precipitation-probability-density-plots-per-region-in-bh2xij3v.png Fig. 13 Precipitation probability density plots per region in RCP4.5 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hiram-rcp4-5-and-8-5-annual-cumulative-precipitation-382bvld9.png Fig. 4 HiRAM RCP4.5 and 8.5 annual cumulative precipitation (mm) and 2 median temperature (⁰C) time series (2007-2050) over the study area (Lebanon) 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-wrf-3-and-hiram-monthly-average-2m-1vr3k8bb.png Fig. 6 Simulated (WRF-3 and HiRAM) monthly average 2m temperature (⁰C) for years 2003 and 2008 in 11 comparison to observed decadal monthly average, maximum and minimum (2000-2010) and observed 12 monthly average values for the extreme years 2009 and 2010 for BIA and TRP, and 2002 and 2008 for HAO. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-precipitations-mm-for-hiram-and-wrf-over-the-2xwz5ac9.png Table 2 Annual precipitations (mm) for HiRAM and WRF over the study area 5 https://scispace.com/papers/future-time-orientation-and-its-relevance-for-development-as-3mw6hzk4jo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-future-orientation-of-drug-using-adolescents-3nw3p0hv.png Table 1. Future orientation of drug-using adolescents https://scispace.com/papers/fuzzy-ensembles-for-embedding-adaptive-behaviours-in-semi-26cugkxyhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-avatar-also-interacts-with-a-chest-which-can-be-1lddfj9y.png Fig. 3: The avatar also interacts with a chest which can be opened and closed https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-training-and-testing-results-for-the-first-scenario-1798lwrs.png TABLE I: Training and testing results for the first scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-virtual-world-created-using-unity-23ubd46x.png Fig. 1: 3D virtual world created using Unity https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-actual-and-expected-outputs-from-fcm-and-fcm-with-10gqv9y3.png TABLE III: Actual and expected outputs from FCM and FCM with ANFIS fuzzy systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-one-of-the-objects-the-avatar-interacts-with-is-a-jadbgyzu.png Fig. 2: One of the objects the avatar interacts with is a hurdle which the avatar must jump over https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-determining-the-optimal-number-of-epochs-for-anfis-26qnedcb.png Fig. 4: Determining the optimal number of epochs for ANFIS training and testing. Subtractive clustering was used to provide the initial conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-training-upper-plot-and-testing-lower-plot-errors-for-2mr92rmj.png Fig. 5: Training (upper plot) and testing (lower plot) errors for the second scenario plotted against the number of clusters; the solid line plots the results for subtractive clustering, the dashed line plots the ANFIS results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-fcm-and-fcm-with-anfis-for-the-368i45c6.png Fig. 6: Comparison between FCM and FCM with ANFIS, for the hurdle scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/fy-12-inl-kr-capture-activities-supporting-the-off-gas-sigma-2z7940i65z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-photo-of-engineered-form-pnnl-3-chalcogel-2cbgsksn.png Figure 10. Photo of engineered form PNNL-3 chalcogel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-photos-showing-a-sorbent-bead-a-bead-cut-in-xgbtynlk.png Figure 1. SEM photos showing a sorbent bead, a bead cut in half, and a close up of the interior of the bead. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-xe-and-kr-capacity-comparisons-for-hz-pan-and-agz-24w4gxuu.png Table 4. Xe and Kr capacity comparisons for HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN at 191 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-drum-side-3-identified-peaks-include-kr-85-cs-137-3i4nimj6.png Figure 6. Drum side 3: Identified peaks include Kr-85, Cs-137, Co-60, Sum peaks, Tl-208. .................... 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pxrd-results-for-mof-as-received-u6vs7yxb.png Figure 8. PXRD results for MOF as received https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-xe-selectivity-relative-to-kr-for-agz-pan-at-191-k-3ca0y7en.png Table 3. Xe selectivity relative to Kr for AgZ-PAN at 191 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drum-side-1-identified-peaks-include-kr-85-cs-137-2e9n12hw.png Figure 4. Drum side 1: Identified peaks include Kr-85, Cs-137, Co-60, Sum peaks, Tl-208. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-gamma-scans-2zpwiqpm.png Table 5. Results of gamma scans. https://scispace.com/papers/fuzzy-rough-set-techniques-for-uncertainty-processing-in-a-15hcn9m2h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-plants-26beakdv.png Table V. PLANTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-indiscernibility-17w7m56e.png Table VI. INDISCERNIBILITY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-fuzzy-rough-e-r-diagram-for-the-public-concerns-2n1y1ies.png Figure 1. A fuzzy-rough E-R diagram for the Public Concerns Database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-interviewers-1p7dc5v4.png Table IV. INTERVIEWERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-public-meeting-3gzikmf0.png Table III. PUBLIC]MEETING https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rally1-2hw1cwwo.png Table II. RALLY1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-people-3rfhhwnt.png Table I. PEOPLE https://scispace.com/papers/g-protein-coupled-estrogen-receptor-regulates-heart-rate-in-56k2a7gj6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normal-heart-rate-in-nuclear-estrogen-receptor-mutants-2dse31y9.png Fig 3. Normal heart rate in nuclear estrogen receptor mutants. (A) Homozygous mutant embryos at 49 hour post fertilization were incubated in water containing estradiol (ER/GPER agonist, 3.67 μM), G1 (GPER agonist, 1 μM) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO) and heart rate was measured 1 hour post treatment. Estradiol and G1 increased heart rate compared to vehicle in zebrafish with homozygous mutations in ERα (esr1 -/-), ERβ1 (esr2a -/-), ERβ2 (esr2b -/-). For estradiol and G1 treatments, p<0.05 compared to vehicle within genotype, two-way ANOVA. (B) Basal heart rate was measured at 50 hours post fertilization in embryos reared in untreated water. Heart rate was not significantly different in homozygous mutant (-/-) embryos compared to heterozygous (-/+) and wildtype (+/+) siblings for each esr mutant, two-way ANOVA. Each circle or square represents the mean heart rate from a single clutch of embryos (4–8 embryos per clutch). Horizontal blue lines are the mean of each treatment or genotype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-for-gper-regulation-of-maternal-estrogens-and-2d14xiq5.png Fig 6. Model for GPER regulation of maternal estrogens and embryonic heart rate. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) can be maternally deposited into embryos or transcribed by embryos. A GPER ligand, estradiol, is maternally deposited in embryos but not synthesized by embryos through 50 hours post fertilization (hpf). Wildtype (+/+) and zygotic gper homozygous mutant embryos (Zgper) exhibit normal heart rate and normal response to estradiol because of maternally deposited ligand and maternally deposited receptor. Adult gper -/- females have reduced circulating levels of estradiol. Thus, the progeny of gper -/- females (Mgper and MZgper embryos) have reduced basal heart rate at 50 hpf because of the reduction of maternal estradiol. Mgper embryos exposed to exogenous estradiol exhibit increased heart rate due to the presence of zygotic GPER (maternal gper is not required in the presence of zygotic gper). In contrast, MZgper embryos exposed to estradiol exhibit no increase in heart rate because MZgper embryos lack both maternal and zygotic gper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-triiodothyronine-is-reduced-in-gper-mutants-and-2vka8o3i.png Fig 5. Triiodothyronine is reduced in gper mutants and rescues gper mutant heart rate phenotype. (A) Triiodothyronine (T3) levels are reduced in maternal zygotic gperuab102 mutants (MZgper) compared to wild type. Each black diamond represents mean results of sample duplicates from 50 pooled embryos at 49 hours post fertilization (hpf). p<0.05, two-tailed t test MZgper vs wild type. (B) Maternal gper mutant embryos (Mgper, reduced maternal estrogens) and MZgper embryos (reduced maternal estrogens and lacking functional gper) were exposed to estradiol (1 μM E2) or vehicle from 1–5 hpf to rescue maternal deposition of E2. Embryos were washed and reared in untreated water. Heart rate was assayed at 50 hpf. E2 exposure rescued heart rate in Mgper but not in MZgper embryos. ** p<0.01 compared to vehicle, paired t test; ns, not significant. (C) T3 (5 nM) exposure at 49 hpf increases heart rate at 50 hpf in wild type and MZgper embryos compared to vehicle (0.1% methanol). ***p<0.0005 compared to vehicle within genotype, two-way ANOVA. Each circle or square represents the mean heart rate from a single clutch of embryos (6–12 embryos per clutch). Horizontal blue lines are the mean of each treatment or genotype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-estradiol-and-gper-agonists-increased-heart-rate-in-wncs357h.png Fig 1. Estradiol and GPER agonists increased heart rate in zebrafish embryos. Wildtype embryos were incubated in water containing vehicle (0.1% DMSO), estradiol (3.67 μM, ER/GPER agonist), progesterone (1 μM), ICI (10 μM ICI182,780, ER antagonist/GPER agonist), G1 (1 μM, GPER agonist), G36 (1 μM, GPER antagonist) or two chemicals in combination at 49 hours post fertilization and heart rates were measured 1 hour following treatment. ***, p<0.0001 compared to vehicle, ANOVA with Dunnett’s test. Each black circle represents the mean heart rate from a single clutch of embryos (3–16 embryos per clutch). Horizontal blue lines are the mean of each treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estrogen-levels-in-adult-gper-mutants-mgh7jb7e.png Table 1. Estrogen levels in adult gper mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-abnormal-heart-rate-in-gper-mutant-zebrafish-a-genomic-9qgtqxxj.png Fig 2. Abnormal heart rate in gper mutant zebrafish. (A) Genomic DNA of gperuab102 zebrafish contains a 133 basepair deletion in the gper coding region between CRISPR guide RNA targets 1 and 2, resulting in a premature stop codon in the GPER protein. Red dashes indicate DNA deletions, mutated amino acids are shown in red. (B) Genomic DNA was harvested from individual embryos, gper was PCR amplified and separated on an agarose gel to identify deletion mutations. (C-D) 3 day post fertilization wildtype and maternal zygotic gperuab102 homozygous larvae (MZgper-/-) exhibit similar gross morphology. Images are lateral views, anterior to the left, dorsal to the top. Scale bar, 500 μm. (E) Neither estradiol (ER/GPER agonist, 3.67 μM), ICI182,780 (ER antagonist/GPER agonist, 10 μM) or G1 (GPER agonist, 1 μM) changed heart rate significantly compared to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) in MZgper-/-, two-way ANOVA, p = 0.27. (F) MZgper-/exhibited lower basal heart rate than age-matched wildtype embryos. *, p<0.05 compared to wildtype, paired t test. Each black circle represents the mean heart rate from a single clutch of embryos ( 7 embryos per clutch). Horizontal blue lines are the mean of each treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-target-site-sequences-for-gper-esr1-esr2b-and-esr2a-l5l5ydx3.png Table 2. Target site sequences for gper, esr1, esr2b and esr2a oligonucleotides. https://scispace.com/papers/g6pd-variant-distribution-in-sub-saharan-africa-and-4htivmr1hn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minor-allele-frequency-maf-of-rs1050828-t-in-37rruzer.png Table 2: Minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs1050828 (T) in selected groups from the AWI-Gen study genotype data. Het: Proportion of females heterozygous (%), Hom: Proportion of females homozygous for the alternate allele (%). Note that 100 of the HAAD SA individuals are included in this genotyping study (< 2% of the samples) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-g6pd-missense-variant-distribution-across-african-nyjyfaig.png Figure 1: G6PD missense variant distribution across African populations. (A) G6PD allele frequencies in populations from HAAD countries. Confidence intervals for allele frequencies based on the equal or given proportions test the 95% significance level. (B) Allele frequencies of missense variants in HAAD, and African superpopulation groups from gnomAD and the KGP. (C) Structural representation of the G6PD homodimer with missense residues highlighted in blue color on both chains with bound NADP (NADP shown in red-turquoise-blue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-g6pd-missense-variants-detected-within-haad-and-kga-175xptbf.png Table 1: G6PD missense variants detected within HAAD and KGA population datasets and their relative stability effect (∆∆G) for G6PD protein. https://scispace.com/papers/gabaergic-neurons-in-the-olfactory-cortex-projecting-to-the-kq6kx69ycr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trans-synaptic-retrograde-spread-of-rabies-virus-38w4qxp4.png Figure 4. Trans-synaptic retrograde spread of rabies virus from the LH to the VON. (a) Schema of virusmediated retrograde tracing. We first injected a mixture of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding CMVGFPCre and CAG-Flex-TVA-mCherry either with or without CAG-Flex-rabies G into the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Two weeks later, SAD-dG-EGFP-EnvA was injected into the LH. We examined the distribution of EGFP-labelled presynaptic cells in the ventral olfactory nucleus (VON). (b) EGFP-labelled presynaptic neurons (green) were observed in the VON when rabies G-encoding AAV was concomitantly injected (right panels). Immunostaining for DARPP-32 (red) was used to discriminate the VON from the olfactory tubercle (OT) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). AON, anterior olfactory nucleus; VON, ventral olfactory nucleus; APC, anterior piriform cortex; OT, olfactory tubercle; NAc, nucleus accumbens. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) The number of EGFPlabelled cells in the olfactory cortical areas. Data are shown as mean with individual plots. Statistical differences were tested between data of rabies G(+) in the VON vs. data of rabies G(+) in other areas by two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test. ND, not detected; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. (d) EGFP-labelled presynaptic neurons (green) in the mPFC (left), NAc (middle), and amygdala (right). Scale bar: 100 μm. (e) The number of EGFPlabelled cells in the VON, mPFC, NAc, and amygdala. Data for the VON are similar to the data in (c). Data are shown as mean with individual plots. Each colour represents the data from one mouse. ns, not significant; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rabies-virus-mediated-trans-synaptic-retrograde-kkta96jw.png Figure 7. Rabies virus-mediated trans-synaptic retrograde tracing from the VON. (a) Schema of virusmediated neuronal pathway-specific retrograde tracing. We first injected a retrograde lentiviral vector encoding Cre (NeuRet-Cre) into the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector TVA-mCherry and rabies G into the VON. Two weeks after the first injection, EnvA-pseudotyped glycoproteindeleted rabies virus encoding EGFP was injected into the VON. We then examined the distribution of EGFPlabelled presynaptic cells throughout the whole brain. (b) Coronal sections of the VON. Left, TVA-mCherry expressing neurons; middle, rabies-derived EGFP expressing neurons; right, colour merged with DAPI staining. Yellow cells indicate TVA-mCherry(+) EGFP(+) starter cells. AON, anterior olfactory nucleus; VON, ventral olfactory nucleus; OT, olfactory tubercle. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) EGFP-labelled presynaptic cells in the OB. (d) The number of EGFP-labelled M/TCs in the OB. Data are shown as mean ± SD with individual plots. (e) Distribution of EGFP-labelled presynaptic cells projecting to the VON. AON, anterior olfactory nucleus; APC, anterior piriform cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; HDB, horizontal limb of the diagonal band; OT, olfactory tubercle; PPC, posterior piriform cortex. Scale bar: 100 μm. (f) The percentage of the number of EGFP-labelled cells in each region over total number of EGFP-labelled cells across the whole brain. Data are shown as mean ± SD with individual plots. https://scispace.com/papers/gain-scheduled-autopilot-design-with-anti-windup-compensator-24pcafi4c0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-uncertainties-used-for-monte-carlo-trajectories-1d5orp9z.png TABLE I UNCERTAINTIES USED FOR MONTE CARLO TRAJECTORIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-response-to-a-step-input-on-ny-without-anti-windup-16jbvb8y.png Fig. 6. Response to a step input on ny : without anti-windup (full line) and with anti-windup (dashed) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dual-spin-projectile-concept-forward-part-in-blue-aft-1f6tv14k.png Fig. 1. Dual-spin projectile concept (forward part in blue, aft part in grey) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-degraded-initial-conditions-without-saturations-top-n295m15w.png Fig. 8. Degraded initial conditions without saturations (top) and with saturations (bottom); normal and lateral accelerations (left), canard deflection angles (middle), trajectory (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nominal-flight-scenario-normal-and-lateral-168usjp8.png Fig. 7. Nominal flight scenario: normal and lateral accelerations (left), canard deflection angles (middle), trajectory (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-degraded-initial-conditions-with-saturations-and-anti-3hbgzi0h.png Fig. 9. Degraded initial conditions with saturations and anti-windup compensation: normal and lateral accelerations (left), canard deflection angles (middle), trajectory (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-p-structure-of-the-pitch-yaw-channel-linear-p3v5dlpi.png Fig. 2. I-P structure of the pitch/yaw channel linear controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-closed-loop-response-in-nz-left-and-ny-right-to-a-step-1m5tz080.png Fig. 4. Closed-loop response in nz (left) and ny (right) to a step input on nz,c https://scispace.com/papers/gait-characteristics-of-adults-with-intellectual-disability-1kaxpyodo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-gait-parameters-while-walking-at-2ph4t45c.png Table 3. Results of the gait parameters while walking at comfortable speed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-gait-parameters-2u3tzszn.png Table 1. Description of the gait parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-personal-characteristics-and-medical-information-of-3pr1yrxn.png Table 2. Personal characteristics and medical information of the study sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-sizes-of-the-comparisons-between-age-sex-and-1olu18xg.png Table 4. Effect sizes of the comparisons between age, sex, and level of ID with the gait parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/galactic-cosmic-ray-anisotropies-voyager-1-in-the-local-1yivo2t1b3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-summary-of-effective-notch-widths-obtained-from-22iypnh6.png Table 3 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-from-model-1-simulations-and-comparison-26pmf9ko.png Figure 5. Results from Model #1 simulations and comparison with observations for HET 2. (a) HET 2’s omnidirectional guard rate (20 MeV; proton-dominated). (b) Effective notch widths from fits to HET 2’s bidirectional PENH rate (70 MeV; proton-dominated) during 25 roll maneuvers from late 2012 through 2016. (c) 70°-offset simulations and observations near the 25 roll intervals for HET 2’s bidirectional PENH rate (70 MeV; proton-dominated). (d) Omnidirectional simulations and observations during the 25 roll intervals for HET 2’s guard rate (20 MeV; proton-dominated). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-illustration-of-a-flux-tube-black-lines-showing-a-2bcsyv8h.png Figure 11. Illustration of a flux tube (black lines) showing a magnetic field and particle configuration for which the field toward the heliopause compression is stronger than at the disturbance (|B|HPC>B|dist). Particles originate from an isotropic distribution at either end (|B|LISM (red)). The notch forms as they get trapped by the enhanced fields at (I) the steady-state compression near the heliopause (|B|HPC, blue) and (II) the temporary compression of the disturbance (|B|dist., green). The weaker of the strong fields sets the limit to the notch’s width (|B|dist.<|B|HPC in this example). This is because some of the particles that pass through the weaker compression are later reflected when they encounter the yet stronger field (III, gray). Intensities change as particles lose energy in the adiabatically expanding fields, or possibly if they experience preferential scattering due to turbulence. The notch’s depth is a function of the amount of time that the particles are trapped (center circle, pink). The |B|LISM field strength is that of the unperturbed LISM at >1000 au (Zirnstein et al. 2016), |B|HPC is ∼20% of the field at Voyager (E. Zirnstein 2019, private communication), |B|V1 reflects the average value seen at Voyager, and |B|dist. reflects the magnitude of the compression caused by the transient event that crossed Voyager on ∼2014-237 (Burlaga & Ness 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-het-1s-bidirectional-penh-rate-70-mev-proton-28cnmgb2.png Figure 16. HET 1’s bidirectional PENH rate (70 MeV; proton-dominated) vs. clock angle (a) and pitch angle (b) during the 2015-310 roll maneuver. The magnetic field direction during this time was (0.156, −0.381, 0.202) nT in R, T, N (from the magnetometer’s publicly available data:https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/coho/ form/voyager1.html). The thick green solid line superimposed over the data represents the best-fitting notch roll response function produced by a Monte Carlo simulation with a width of 4°. 0 ± 0°. 4. Independent fits applied in clock angle space and pitch angle space yielded the same best-fit geometry. The thinner top (gray) and bottom (gold) lines represent 3° and 5°-wide notches, respectively, plotted for visual reference. The horizontal line on the typical error reflects an 8°. 6 angular averaging within the 48 s data interval produced by the spacecraft as it rolls in clock space, while the vertical line reflects the statistical uncertainty in the number of counts. Count reductions appear broadened in both pitch angle and clock angle space, reflecting the ∼40° opening angle of the telescope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-width-and-depth-curves-for-simulated-het-2-70deg-1ezd6o21.png Figure 23. Width and depth curves for simulated HET 2 70°-offset (blue, solid) and omnidirectional (black, dotted) notch response functions, for pitch angles ranging from α=60° to 75°. The pitch angles shown are with respect to HET 2’s A-end boresight; its nominal 70°-offset boresight pitch angle during the 2013-120 sequence was α=70°. 0 (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-width-and-depth-curves-for-simulated-het-1-70deg-3tbuw8et.png Figure 22. Width and depth curves for simulated HET 1 70°-offset (blue, solid), and omnidirectional (black, dotted) notch response functions for pitch angles ranging from α=70° to 85°. These pitch angles reflect the angle between the telescope’s B-end boresight with respect to the magnetic field. The 70°-offset curves were each calculated from observations listed in Table 5 (uncertainties not shown). HET 1’s boresight pitch angle during the 2013-120 sequence of 70°-offsets was α=79°. 3 (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-het-1-and-het-2-observational-values-used-36e6m9tk.png Table 5 Summary of HET 1 and HET 2 Observational Values Used for 70°-offset and Omnidirectional Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lecp-and-crs-counting-rates-in-the-lism-from-2012-5-2ud6eu27.png Figure 1. LECP and CRS counting rates in the LISM from 2012.5 through 2017. The three largest anisotropy episodes (shaded in yellow) last ∼265 (I), ∼100 (II), and ∼630 (III) days, respectively. (a) LECP’s >211 MeV protons reveal the GCR pitch angle anisotropy. The magnetic field direction lies in Sectors 3 and 7, while Sectors 1 and 5 are approximately perpendicular to the field direction, as illustrated by the circular diagram (background-corrected data is courtesy of Rob Decker and the LECP team; for LECP’s noncorrected, publicly available data, seehttp://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/VOYAGER/index.html). (b) CRS’s omnidirectional guard rate (20 MeV; proton-dominated) from anticoincidence counters on the HET 1 telescope shows time dependence similar to that of LECP’s Sectors 1 and 5. (c) CRS’s bidirectional PENH rate on HET 1 (70 MeV; proton-dominated) is fairly steady in the LISM, in agreement with LECP’s bidirectional rates in Sectors 2 and 6 and 3 and 7. Two types of deviation arise from (1) shock-related increases (e.g., 2014.35) and (2) decreases observed during 70°-offset spacecraft maneuvers (e.g., 2015.59). https://scispace.com/papers/gamma-probe-sentinel-node-localization-and-biopsy-in-breast-1z0gffrbua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-group-2-patients-who-did-not-receive-neoadjuvant-200rt0gx.png Table 2. Group 2*: patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sentinel-node-and-total-axillary-lymph-node-2948vxvj.png Table 4. Sentinel node and total axillary lymph node dissection histology in patients who were not treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Group 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-1-patients-treated-with-neoadjuvant-1i6nl8a6.png Table 1. Group 1*: patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anterior-a-and-lateral-b-views-of-a-patient-showing-3gnh6gjj.png Fig. 1. Anterior (A) and lateral (B) views of a patient, showing drainage to the subclavicular area. Time post-injection, 2 h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sentinel-node-and-total-axillary-lymph-node-x2j2n3tb.png Table 3. Sentinel node and total axillary lymph node dissection histology in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Group 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anterior-a-and-lateral-b-views-of-a-patient-showing-1009af55.png Fig. 2. Anterior (A) and lateral (B) views of a patient, showing drainage to the intramammary chain. Time post-injection, 2 h. https://scispace.com/papers/gap-equations-and-electroweak-symmetry-breaking-4gsgs3kick 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-constant-l2-ontours-in-the-m2-m1-plane-for-1iaqhksc.png Figure 4. Constant λ2 ontours in the M2-M1 plane for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-constant-l3-ontours-in-the-m1-m2-plane-for-l3-10-12-1p7jydn4.png Figure 3. Constant λ3 ontours in the M1-M2 plane for λ3 = {−10,−12,−15,−20} · 1/Λ2, Λ = 3 TeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solutions-of-the-gap-equations-for-the-uto-l-3-tev-1cctw759.png Table 1: Solutions of the gap equations for the uto Λ =3 TeV, λi are given in units of π2 Λ2 . In the se ond olumn λ2 violates perturbative unitarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feynman-graphs-for-the-gap-equation-17-similar-bwxqitzc.png Figure 1. Feynman graphs for the gap equation (17). Similar graphs orresponding to (16,18) with ex hanged legs and lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-feynman-graphs-for-the-gap-equation-19-25l1achn.png Figure 2. Feynman graphs for the gap equation (19). https://scispace.com/papers/gap-of-the-linear-spin-1-heisenberg-antiferromagnet-a-monte-nobutxnvok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-monte-carlo-results-for-ground-state-energies-eo-j-31rogqu6.png TABLE I. Monte Carlo results for ground-state energies Eo/J of finite spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains, together with the lowest energy levels in the blocks with S'= 1 (E&/J) and S, = 2 (E2/J), and some numerically exact results for comparison, Refs. 3 and 10. Statistical errors in the least significant digits are shown in parentheses. Also displayed (in units of 10 steps) are the effective lengths T, of the runs, i.e., the target number of random ~alkers times the number of iterations. Top, results obtained directly from the number of random walkers. Here the target number of random walkers was 2000. Bottom, results obtained employing a variationally approximated eigenvector with a target number of random walkers of 104. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-finite-system-ground-state-energies-vs-1-tn-data-for-n-2lkn8l76.png FIG. 2. Finite-system ground-state energies vs 1/tn . Data for n up to 14 taken from Refs. 3 and 11. The error bars are twice the statistical errors as sho~n in Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/garment-design-and-engineering-for-hospital-use-1pr3codrmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-3022jl3q.png Table 1. Sample characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-in-degc-over-time-for-participant-3-1nfvxaqv.png Fig. 6. Temperature (in °C) over time for participant 3 sitting on the wheelchair. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-peak-ischium-pressure-in-g-cm2-for-participant-3-o4kjzadh.png Fig. 7. Peak ischium pressure (in g/cm2) for participant 3 wearing both pajamas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thermal-manikin-wearing-the-single-piece-pajama-2czs6n2n.png Fig. 1. Thermal manikin wearing the single-piece pajama. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-patient-undergoing-emg-physical-therapy-while-taking-ijjucu65.png Fig. 2. Patient undergoing EMG physical therapy while taking advantage of our pajama’s zippers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-usability-questionnaire-for-caregivers-37nkr5at.png Table 2. Usability questionnaire for caregivers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-peak-ischium-pressure-in-g-cm2-for-participant-3-2mrf1qt9.png Fig. 8. Peak ischium pressure (in g/cm2) for participant 3 wearing both pajamas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-patient-wearing-a-denim-vest-attached-to-the-pajama-37qlzouo.png Fig. 3. Patient wearing a denim vest attached to the pajama with Velcro https://scispace.com/papers/gas-hydrate-destabilization-and-methane-release-events-in-54v92s0vvn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gc-ms-spectra-showing-pmi-peak-short-arrow-and-11q3jlfr.png Figure 11. GC-MS spectra showing PMI peak (short arrow) and structure of 2,6,10,15,19- pentamethylicosane. PMI data is from MD161-8. https://scispace.com/papers/gas-plume-detection-and-tracking-in-hyperspectral-video-4zzldl6jw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-framework-of-the-proposed-method-j8hwhxp0.png Fig. 1: General framework of the proposed method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-workflow-of-the-estimation-step-1u4egoa1.png Fig. 2: Workflow of the estimation step. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-row-segmentation-results-obtained-by-the-presented-3nkqmpdf.png Fig. 5: Top row: segmentation results obtained by the presented method for four frames of the video sequence. Bottom row: segmentation results obtained by [5] for the same frames. Results are displayed on the false color representation video sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-workflow-of-the-detection-step-3dyvv24b.png Fig. 4: Workflow of the detection step. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-estimation-process-a-b-two-1krif9dq.png Fig. 3: Illustration of the estimation process: (a,b) two consecutive noisy frames along with (c) their image difference Idiff and (d) the resulting binary map. https://scispace.com/papers/gas-solid-carbonation-of-ca-oh-2-and-cao-particles-under-non-2e6lly5bb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-thermokinetic-parameters-for-non-is-3kw3qa53.png Table 1. Summary of thermokinetic parameters for non-is thermal gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles at three different constant heating rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gas-solid-carbonation-of-ca-oh-2-under-isothermal-14c05qm0.png Figure 3. Gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 under isothermal conditions for six different reaction temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calcite-decomposition-decarbonation-under-100-n2-1lk1j7c7.png Figure 2. Calcite decomposition (decarbonation) under 100% N2 atmosphere compared with decarbonation of calcium carbonate under 100% CO2 atmosphere. The latter was formed in-situ from the gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2. The gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 (dashed curve) was normalized to 100% in weight based on the decarbon tion balance for the carbonate formed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gas-solid-carbonation-of-in-situ-synthesiz-d-cao-cojfdtly.png Figure 7. Gas-solid carbonation of in-situ synthesiz d CaO under isothermal conditions (800°C) after 4 and 6 h reaction time. Experimental curve (6 h reaction time) was fitted using a double kinetic pseudo-second-order model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-gas-solid-carbonation-of-ca-oh-2-6zpmuwey.png Figure 6. Comparison between gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 and CaO under non-isothermal conditions at the same heating rate (10°C/min). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-gas-solid-carbonation-of-ca-oh-2-9wf94wgg.png Figure 8. Comparison between gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 and CaO under isothermal conditions. Concerns only the optimized temperatures, 400°C for Ca(OH)2 carbonation and 800°C for CaO carbonation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gas-solid-carbonation-of-ca-oh-2-nanoparticles-dub26oas.png Figure 1. Gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles under non-isothermal conditions at two different heating rates (5 and 10 °K/min). Carbonation extent (ξ) was determined from thermogravimetric (TG) curves and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves were used to identify the carbonation steps and determine the activation energy (see Eq. 2 and Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-in-situ-synthesis-and-dry-gas-solid-carbonation-1tyt8pks.png Figure 5. (a) In-situ synthesis and dry gas-solid carbonation of CaO particles under nonisothermal conditions at constant heating rate (10°C/min). (b) Carbonation extent (ξCaO) was determined from thermogravimetric (TG) curve and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves were used for qualitative identification of the carbonation steps. https://scispace.com/papers/gate-oxide-reliability-and-deuterated-cmos-processing-556xzejo56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-charge-to-breakdown-characteristics-for-gate-oxides-1w8mbz10.png Figure 4: Charge to breakdown characteristics for gate oxides which received either no post oxidation anneal, or a post oxidation anneal in a N2 or D2 ambient. The gate oxide is grown in an O2 ambient. Post metal anneal was performed in a D2/N2 ambient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-charge-to-breakdown-characteristics-for-h2o-and-d2o-3r4kjoxe.png Figure 1: Charge to breakdown characteristics for H2O and D2O grown oxides with varying thickness. https://scispace.com/papers/gas-retention-in-fine-grained-pyroclastic-flow-materials-at-320oxclw9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bed-collapse-curves-at-different-temperatures-vumjhnvn.png Fig. 7 Bed collapse curves at different temperatures (experiment set 2). Each curve has an initial steep segment due to bubble evacuation, followed by a shallower segment due to hindered settling. Individual data points omitted for clarity (sampling frequency 0.2 s) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-profiles-of-gas-pressure-voidage-and-gas-1rbelwtl.png Fig. 11 Calculated profiles of gas pressure, voidage and gas velocity in a 4-m-thick, non-expanded bed outgassing from an initial state of U=Ump. Permeability Kmp is taken as 10−11 m2 and the time increment is 50 s. The bold lines show the state of each bed at time zero, and the numbers are time in seconds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scanning-electron-microscope-images-of-ash-particles-gjo4aqfq.png Fig. 2 Scanning electron microscope images of ash particles from the samples of this study. a Ignimbrite DOR, b ignimbrite NES, c blockand-ash flow deposit PDD. The scale bar is 100 μm. DOR had a higher proportion of fibrous pumice than NES. Particles in PDD were denser than those of DOR and NES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-values-of-hmb-hmp-from-experiment-set-1-1jm55dsz.png Fig. 5 Values of Hmb/Hmp from experiment set 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-permeability-kmp-plotted-on-the-sorting-versus-mean-t5y2ess5.png Fig. 10 Permeability Kmp plotted on the sorting-versus-mean figure of Wilson (1984). Wilson’s data points are shown as white circles, and the contours of his parameter Ump* at room temperature have been recalculated as permeability (m2) using Darcy’s Law. The black dots (<250 μm samples) and squares (<4 mm samples) are data from the present study. In each case the number not in brackets is Kmp (units 10 −11 m2) at ∼55°C and that in brackets is Kmp at ∼550°C. Increased temperature shifts the contours as shown by the arrow. The sorting and mean parameters are taken from Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-hindered-settling-times-as-a-function-of-initial-bed-3m35avkp.png Fig. 14 Hindered settling times as a function of initial bed expansion, calculated from the data of experiment set 1. Each data curve corresponds to the regime of uniform expansion and terminates at the onset of bubbling. The grey dotted curves in (a) are the function given by Eq. 26 for Ump=0.1 cm s −1. The values are for a nonexpanded bed height of 20 cm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variation-of-fluidization-and-collapse-parameters-as-145urx2l.png Fig. 9 Variation of fluidization and collapse parameters as functions of temperature, from experiment set 2. The parameters are defined in Fig. 1. The measurement errors on the heights are of the order of the symbol width. Those on velocities are several symbol widths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-expansion-of-nes-and-pdd-samples-when-gas-velocity-was-1wbnmnhy.png Fig. 3 Expansion of NES and PDD samples when gas velocity was increased while gently stirring at ∼130°C (experiment set 1). Ump in these experiments was the velocity at which the bed began to expand and could be stirred. Umb was the onset of visible bubbling. For every value of velocity the state of the bed was recorded (1) during stirring, (2) immediately following cessation of stirring, and (3) once it had reached a stable, non-stirred state https://scispace.com/papers/gauging-the-uncertainty-of-the-economic-outlook-using-puwhiihqvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-symmetry-of-1996-2015-errors-falling-outside-a-plus-3bq3cxku.png Table 9 Symmetry of 1996-2015 Errors Falling Outside a Plus-or-Minus-One-RMSE Band by Forecast Horizon: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-root-mean-squared-prediction-errors-for-the-consumer-30pa8zsl.png Table 4 Root Mean Squared Prediction Errors for the Consumer Price Index (errors in predicting actual conditions in years 1996 to 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-blue-chip-forecasts-of-long-run-conditions-and-3duvbmdp.png Figure 4. Blue Chip Forecasts of Long-Run Conditions and Annual Shorter-Horizon Prediction Errors Made by the Average of Forecasts Released in the First Quarter https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-root-mean-squared-prediction-errors-for-the-3-month-1e6874nd.png Table 5 Root Mean Squared Prediction Errors for the 3-Month Treasury Bill Rate (errors in predicting actual conditions in years 1996 to 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-variations-in-data-coverage-and-reporting-basis-1asil41a.png Table 1A Variations in Data Coverage and Reporting Basis Across Forecasters https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-fraction-of-prediction-errors-for-the-1996-2015-3qqhwijf.png Table 8 Fraction of Prediction Errors for the 1996-2015 Sample That Fall Within Plus-or-Minus One RMSE By Forecast Horizon, And the Likelihood of Seeing an Absolute Deviation from 68 Percent as Great or Greater Assuming Normality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-sources-used-to-compute-errors-and-related-3ovwnh9t.png Table 1A Variations in Data Coverage and Reporting Basis Across Forecasters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-september-2016-sep-projections-and-8r9bbfht.png Figure 3. Median September 2016 SEP Projections and Uncertainty About the Economic Outlook https://scispace.com/papers/gccxfront-exploiting-gcc-as-a-front-end-for-program-3jq57ql5pl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-gui-front-end-with-hello-world-parse-jd5p363q.png Figure 1. The GUI Front End with “Hello World”Parse. https://scispace.com/papers/gender-and-age-related-differences-in-misuse-of-face-masks-2bdaad1jxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-percentages-of-counts-per-gender-and-age-8y1bfuod.png Table 1:Number and percentages of counts per gender and age group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-we-analyzed-if-there-is-a-difference-in-the-gender-25oms4lp.png Table 3: We analyzed if there is a difference in the gender groups between Regensburg (most data) and four other cities. Three observations were taken between morning and noon (9 am - 2 pm), and three observations were taken in the afternoon (4 pm - 8 pm). The measurements typically lasted for 1.5 hours. With a significance level above p>0.05, the data above show no difference between the genders in misuse of the masks, p was calculated with the binomial test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-we-analyzed-if-there-is-a-difference-in-the-age-7umdhi40.png Table 2: We analyzed if there is a difference in the age-distribution between Regensburg (most data) and four other cities. Three observations were taken between morning and noon (9 am - 2 pm), and three observations were taken in the afternoon (4 pm - 8 pm). The measurements typically lasted for 1.5 hours. With a significance level below p<0.05, the data above show an uneven age-distribution calculated with chi-square test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-numbers-of-observed-subjects-23wpk6yl.png Figure 1 Total numbers of observed subjects https://scispace.com/papers/gelsolin-impairs-barrier-function-in-pancreatic-ductal-2n7p1mpmnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11af3ak4.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-16w4dlie.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3fiz2dpv.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1hi6345r.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/gender-and-lifelong-learning-21e5fv5gbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-employment-sectors-in-which-work-experience-2pijptbr.png Table 4.2 Employment sectors in which work experience placements had been undertaken https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-qualifications-obtained-by-students-on-he-courses-13di2q4d.png Table 4.1 Qualifications obtained by students on HE courses in the UK by gender and subject area https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-first-year-uk-domiciled-undergraduates-known-to-1342zzvg.png Table 9.1 First year, UK-domiciled undergraduates known to have a disability by type of impairment, 1995–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2-first-year-full-time-uk-domiciled-undergraduates-23gr74rw.png Figure 9.2 First year, full-time, UK-domiciled undergraduates (England only) by disability and ethnic background. https://scispace.com/papers/gender-discrimination-and-regulatory-behaviour-an-2awf7gg16y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-australian-equity-legislation-1dlt4ix7.png Table 1: Primary Australian equity legislation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-equity-agency-responses-how-would-you-describe-the-23lmyvae.png Table 3: Equity agency responses: How would you describe the police department on EEO in the 1990s? https://scispace.com/papers/gender-differences-and-business-model-experimentation-in-fgjc7b7g2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measurement-model-items-loadings-and-reliability-npi8phz1.png Table I Measurement model: items’ loadings and reliability estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generic-conceptual-model-2z3h02sk.png Figure 1 Generic conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-indirect-effects-30uq3hf9.png Table IV Indirect effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correlation-matrix-with-ave-3gcvup66.png Table II Correlation matrix with AVE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-htmt-discriminant-test-39xeua2h.png Table III HTMT discriminant test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-models-overall-sample-male-owned-3jkddzmb.png Figure 2 Structural models (overall sample,male-owned companies and female-owned companies) https://scispace.com/papers/gene-co-expression-analyses-of-health-span-across-multiple-3z0v3ohy97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hub-genes-in-health-associated-wgcna-network-modules-axuwkf7t.png Table 2: Hub genes in health-associated WGCNA network modules, found in at least two species. Orthologs were mapped to the human gene name using Ensembl. The human gene names also correspond to the names in mouse and rat, whereas the names of the orthologs in worms based on the Ensembl database are given in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gene-set-enrichment-analysis-of-cross-species-hub-hd25228h.png Figure 3: Gene set enrichment analysis of cross-species hub genes for health(span) with g:profiler. Input are genes from Table 2 that are observed in healthspan-associated modules of multiple species. Terms with a low coverage of genes are not suitable to describe the selection as a whole but may still direct the interpretation of parts of the network where these genes are connected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-species-conserved-hub-genes-observed-in-uakrtj6n.png Figure 2: Cross-species conserved hub genes observed in health(span)-associated WGCNA modules, and genes that connect these hub genes. Connections are interactions taken from the WGCNA adjacency matrix if the adjacency is above the 95th percentile of all interactions of that experiment and if for that experiment the interaction is in a health(span)-associated module. The only direct interaction between hub genes is between MYL1 and ACTN3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genes-correlating-the-strongest-with-the-modules-2meurf4v.png Table 3: Genes correlating the strongest with the module’s eigengene (quantifying module membership) in at least two species. Genes in this table are among the top-30 of the module membership and found in experiments of at least two species. The gene name is marked in bold if that gene was listed as a hub gene in Table 2. The column “Consensus Correlation” flags “positive” (or “negative”) to refer to an observed positive (or negative) correlation with the “health phenotype score” when the gene is upregulated. “mixed” indicates that the experiments did not yield a consensus direction of correlation. Supplement Table 1 extends this list to all genes that appear in the top 30 of modules of two or more experiments. The “#Experiments” column indicates the number of experiments with a module for which the gene was identified as a member. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-arrayexpress-geo-files-used-as-input-in-our-1rn2m9lw.png Table 1: List of ArrayExpress/GEO files used as input in our study. This table provides an overview of the transcriptomics experiments that were retrieved for this study. Each experiment was processed by a regular WGCNA workflow with unsigned correlation. Interactions were collected for the 30 most connected (hub) genes in each module. The column Modules lists the number of modules found for the experiment that feature an eigengene that correlates (with P<0.05) with the samples’ health phenotype score. Within each module, only interactions with an adjacency value above the 95th percentile of an experiment were considered. The rightmost column lists the number of different hub genes that are paired in any of these interactions. Numbers in parentheses give the number of genes/interactions that could be mapped to ortholog genes in the human; for human data, the number of orthologs in worm are shown. For an interaction, both of the paired genes need to have orthologs assigned; otherwise they were not considered for the count. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-to-determine-cross-species-consensus-gene-1nfdy3v5.png Figure 1: Workflow to determine cross-species consensus gene correlation networks, and subsequent analyses. WGCNA is applied independently for each selected experiment in ArrayExpress/GEO, defining modules and gene interactions. Gene interactions are filtered by experiment-specific thresholds. For each module, hub genes are retrieved and those with an ortholog found as a hub gene in another species are reported in Table 2. For each module, Table 3 lists the genes that correlate the most with its “eigengene”, i.e. that best represent the module’s expression pattern across samples. https://scispace.com/papers/gene-environment-interaction-analysis-incorporating-sex-423pmjjp3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genome-wide-significant-associations-from-1gac1hlc.png Table 2: Genome-wide significant associations from interaction and joint tests. A. Sex interaction and joint tests. B. Cardiometabolic interaction and joint tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-european-ancestry-samples-from-1xvfcg5n.png Table 1: Characteristics of European ancestry samples from the UK Biobank cohort. We present the mean and standard deviation for continuous covariates, percentage of the sample for dichotomous covariates, and p-value for association with severe COVID-19 (t-test or Chi-square test for continuous and binary traits, respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/general-analysis-of-the-three-phase-asynchronous-motor-with-17n08xfzlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-circulation-of-magnetic-field-lines-b5f8jw42.png Fig. 3. The circulation of magnetic field lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-configurations-of-three-phase-asynchronous-2c0ekrbk.png Fig. 1. Typical configurations of three-phase asynchronous motors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-variation-magnetic-induction-and-torque-in-the-air-26rw87g8.png Fig. 16. Variation magnetic induction and torque in the air gap in relation to permeability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-variation-magnetic-induction-and-torque-in-the-air-16f3akbn.png Fig. 15. Variation magnetic induction and torque in the air gap in relation to conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-main-electrical-characteristics-of-motors-at-2ixzbc8q.png TABLE II MAIN ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTORS AT 3000RPM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-experimental-results-using-motor-with-spiral-sheet-zk0asfdi.png Fig. 24. Experimental results using motor with spiral sheet rotor type A at different speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rotors-with-double-cage-a-spiral-sheet-rotors-b-and-c-2y665zk1.png Fig. 4. Rotors: with double cage A. Spiral sheet rotors B and C types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-of-geometric-ratios-1770pfk6.png Fig. 5. Graph of geometric ratios. https://scispace.com/papers/general-methodology-for-analysis-and-modeling-of-trust-1ajf6bcwan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trust-relationship-hierarchy-1i4w43ok.png Fig. 2. Trust Relationship Hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trust-layers-2x7zfhzk.png Fig. 1. Trust Layers https://scispace.com/papers/general-practitioners-and-district-nurses-views-of-hospital-1wvrvax6ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-response-rates-for-ch-h-evaluation-questionnaire-1hb2j00o.png Table 1 Response rates for CH@H evaluation questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reasons-for-not-referring-an-eligible-patient-to-ch-2cbubbn9.png Table 2 Reasons for not referring an eligible patient to CH@H* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-importance-of-specific-aspects-of-ch-h-service-2o0fx3lq.png Figure 1 A: Importance of specific aspects of CH@H service: percentage of GPs and district nurses who rate aspect of service as important or very important. B: Issues related to CH@H care: percentage of GPs and district nurses who rate CH@H as worse than alternative care options. C: General views about CH@H: percentage of GPs and district nurses who agree or strongly agree with statements about CH@H. A.1: Provision of up to 24-h care in the home. A.2: Patient support from someone who understands the problems faced by the terminally ill. A.3: Availability of another source of nursing care. A.4: Support for the family as well as the patient. A.5: Support for myself from someone with palliative care experience. A.6: Help towards keeping patients at home. A.7: Help towards enabling discharge home. B.1: Availability limited to a few patients at any given time. B.2: Limits to the duration of care. B.3: Delays in getting care underway. B.4: Increases health professionals’ problems of co-ordinating care from many different sources. B.5: Lack of continuity of care in the home. B.6: Access to care co-ordinator difficult. C.1: The benefits of CH@H outweigh the disadvantages. C.2: CH@H has made a difference over and above other services in allowing my patients to die at home. C.3: If CH@H for palliative care were to stop, it would make care for my patients worse. C.4: It is important to have a set team of CH@H nurses providing CH@H care rather than bank nurses. C.5: CH@H has helped increase my job satisfaction. C.6: Palliative care funding could be better spent by discontinuing CH@H and increasing the funding to other community services https://scispace.com/papers/general-program-synthesis-using-guided-corpus-generation-and-5a55x9wlvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-success-rate-on-human-useful-corpus-over-each-38xfpooe.png Fig. 4. Success rate on human-useful corpus, over each iteration of the automatic refactoring process, with unchanged corpus as first data point. Corpus size is 20, so each increment of 0.05 corresponds to an average of one program found. 1st Standard Deviation displayed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-success-rate-on-training-left-and-test-right-corpus-gela3cfr.png Fig. 3. Success rate on training (left) and test (right) corpus, over each iteration of automatic refactoring, starting from the unmodified corpus, with Standard Deviation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reverse-entropy-of-operator-distributions-by-line-as-mnr1d8b7.png Fig. 6. Reverse entropy of operator distributions by line, as measured by the Theil index. Lower values imply a more even distribution of operator use for a particular, therefore higher entropy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-performance-for-sets-of-corpuses-with-varying-3k0hv6uh.png Fig. 5. Average performance for sets of corpuses with varying requirements for constituent generated programs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-find-rates-for-two-experiment-sets-with-and-1kbgcvtq.png Fig. 2. Percentage find rates for two experiment sets, with and without the automated corpus refactoring stage (the first set averaged over 11, and the second over 17 runs). A simple genetic programming algorithm, using the same linguistic constraints, is used as baseline. It can be seen that GP succeeds on simpler problems, but has lower performance when a conditional statement is required. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-operators-available-in-our-simplified-language-3pqwoq0r.png Fig. 1. The operators available in our simplified language. https://scispace.com/papers/general-purpose-code-acceleration-with-limited-precision-317un5t2pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-application-error-with-limited-bit-width-analog-22cgh7a4.png Figure 8: Application error with limited bit-width analog neural computation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-for-using-limited-precision-analog-2ec1wxv1.png Figure 1: Framework for using limited-precision analog computation to accelerate code written in conventional languages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-neuron-and-its-conceptual-analog-circuit-27bblp26.png Figure 2: One neuron and its conceptual analog circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-npu-with-8-anus-vs-d-npu-with-8-pes-3voszlni.png Figure 5: A-NPU with 8 ANUs vs. D-NPU with 8 PEs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mixed-signal-neural-accelerator-a-npu-only-four-of-1nvqj24l.png Figure 4: Mixed-signal neural accelerator, A-NPU. Only four of the ANUs are shown. Each ANU processes eight 8-bit inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-single-analog-neuron-anu-3i0kews4.png Figure 3: A single analog neuron (ANU). https://scispace.com/papers/generalised-logic-program-transformation-schemas-319z6q2e83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-test-results-1qv2ygso.png Table 1. Performance test results https://scispace.com/papers/generalised-stochastic-model-for-characterisation-of-45d28pj3yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-anova-test-result-for-a-system-b-measurement-noise-3uickmq1.png Fig. 4. ANOVA test result for (a) system (b) measurement noise intensities compared among three groups using Model 2 (nonlinear model) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-anova-test-result-for-a-system-b-measurement-noise-1aytu0cw.png Fig. 3. ANOVA test result for (a) system (b) measurement noise intensities compared among three groups using Model 1 (linear model) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-concentration-of-subcutaneous-glucose-level-g-t-2bnnyfrs.png Fig. 1. (a) Concentration of subcutaneous glucose level G(t) measured continuously over 72 hours. Solid line represents the measured glucose values and the dots are the values used for inferring parameters of single prandial events (peaks). The dashed and solid vertical lines corresponds to 6 am and midnight respectively. There were 13 peaks observed over 72 hours as labelled; (b) Fitting for peak 1; (c) Fitting for peak 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-peak-fitting-using-model-1-and-model-2-27dvb2ak.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF PEAK FITTING USING MODEL 1 AND MODEL 2 https://scispace.com/papers/general-qos-aware-scheduling-procedure-for-passive-optical-2zjn42b4ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-constants-and-variables-2cfso4om.png TABLE I: Main constants and variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-performance-evaluation-for-various-numbers-of-1kfz3oxv.png Fig. 8: Performance evaluation for various numbers of wavelength NW and fixed transmission delay Di “ 12 ms, @i and drop penalty Vi “ 1, @i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-evaluation-for-four-different-qos-classes-29oaaiot.png Fig. 7: Performance evaluation for four different QoS classes, where class 1, 2, 3, and 4 own ONUs i P Z81, i P Z 16 9 , i P Z 24 17, i P Z 32 25, respectively. Classes 1 and 3 have Vi “ 1, i P Z81 Y Z 24 17, class 2 and 4 have Vi “ 100, i P Z 16 9 Y Z 32 25, and class 3 and 4 have twice the traffic load of class 1 and 2 equal to ωi{RU , i P Z 16 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upstream-timing-diagram-for-a-tdm-pon-with-two-onus-mjm7iuzw.png Fig. 2: Upstream timing diagram for a TDM-PON with two ONUs. REPORT, GATE, and data messages are shown by blue, red, and gray colors, respectively. Green color shows ONU active times. The numbers in each message show the ONU and interval indices. Different timing constants are also illustrated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-evaluation-for-various-values-of-the-wvfbrp5e.png Fig. 4: Performance evaluation for various values of the transmission delay Di and a low drop penalty Vi “ 1, @i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-evaluation-for-a-diverse-scenario-where-3idv6f2x.png Fig. 5: Performance evaluation for a diverse scenario, where some of the ONUs have the transmission delay Di “ 14 ms and the others Di “ 6 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-evaluation-for-various-values-of-the-3dzljcvv.png Fig. 3: Performance evaluation for various values of the transmission delay Di and a high drop penalty Vi “ 100, @i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-evaluation-for-various-values-of-the-3k3dk15l.png Fig. 6: Performance evaluation for various values of the delaying buffer size Qi and fixed transmission delay Di “ 6 ms, @i. https://scispace.com/papers/generalization-as-diffusion-human-function-learning-on-52f7s0wwmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-a-b-participant-judgment-errors-and-3eqwvcwn.png Figure 3: Results. a-b) Participant judgment errors and confidence estimates. Each dot is a single participant (averaged over each number of observed nodes), with Tukey boxplots and diamonds indicating group means. The dotted line in a) is a random baseline. c) Judgment error and confidence. Each colored dot is a participant (averaged over each confidence level), dashed line is a linear regression, with black dots and error bars indicating group means and 95% CI. We report the mixed-effects regression coefficient and Bayes Factor above. d) Cross-validated model comparison between the Gaussian Process with diffusion kernel (GP), d-nearest neighbors (dNN), and k-nearest neighbors (kNN). Each point is a single participant with a Tukey boxplot overlaid and diamonds indicating group means. Comparisons are for a Bayesian one-sample t-test, where the null hypothesis posits no difference between models and assumes a Cauchy prior with the scale set to √ 2/2. e) Parameter estimates, where each dot is the mean cross-validated estimate for each participant, with Tukey boxplots and diamonds indicating group means. f) GP uncertainty estimates (rank ordered within participant) and participant confidence judgments (Likert scale). Dotted line is a linear regression, with black dots and error bars indicating mean and 95% CI. We report the mixed-effects regression coefficient and Bayes factor (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-structured-function-learning-a-an-example-of-2riw30ho.png Figure 1: Graph-structured function learning. a) An example of a graph structure, where nodes represent states and edges indicate the transition structure. b) A diffusion kernel is a similarity metric between nodes on a graph, allowing us to generalize to unobserved nodes based on the assumption that the correlation between function values decays as an exponential function of the distance between two nodes. The diffusion parameter (α) governs the rate of decay. c) Given some observations on the graph (colored nodes), we can use the diffusion kernel combined with the Gaussian Process framework to make predictions (d) about expected rewards (numbers in grey nodes) and the underlying uncertainty (size of halo) for each unobserved node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-from-the-subway-prediction-experiment-2eaqk9xv.png Figure 2: Screenshot from the Subway Prediction Experiment. Observed nodes (3, 5, or 7 randomly sampled nodes depending on the information condition) are shown with a numerical value and a corresponding color aid (darker indicates larger values). The target node is indicated by the dashed line, and dynamically changes color and displays a numerical value when participants move the top slider. Confidence judgments were used to compute a weighted error (i.e., more confident answers having a larger contribution), which was used to determine the performance contingent bonus. https://scispace.com/papers/generalized-effects-of-video-modeling-on-establishing-lvgo2r5pmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-latency-to-respond-to-the-verbal-request-play-is-1tg8bdtx.png Figure 1. Latency to respond to the verbal request “play is finished” for Daniel, Jessica, and Lewis during the baseline, video modeling, and generalization conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-harmonics-and-sub-harmonics-from-an-internal-49y92yhuah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-laboratory-experiment-32kni1oe.png Fig. 1 Sketch of the laboratory experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-laboratory-experiment-amplitude-of-the-horizontal-2yc0n80n.png Fig. 4 (a)Laboratory experiment. Amplitude of the horizontal velocity component filtered at twice the forcing frequency and averaged over forcing periods 18 to 21; (b) Same as (a) for the numerical simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-laboratory-experiment-spatial-distribution-of-the-1ym0l9w6.png Fig. 2 (a) Laboratory experiment. Spatial distribution of the amplitude of the along-beam velocity component (in cm/s) filtered at the tidal frequency and averaged over the 7th and 8th tidal periods; (b) Same as (a) for the numerical simulation. (c) Theoretical prediction from [10] using equation (2), for a horizontal cylinder oscillating horizontally with radius equal to the radius of curvature of the topography at the critical slope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-laboratory-experiment-amplitude-of-the-horizontal-2sunbmk8.png Fig. 3 (a) Laboratory experiment. Amplitude of the horizontal velocity (in cm/s) filtered at half the forcing frequency and averaged over forcing periods 22 to 25; (b) Same as (a) for the numerical simulation. (c) Growth rate of PSI predicted by resonant interaction theory for the parameters of the simulation and experiment, as a function of the vertical wavenumber of the perturbation. The vertical wavenumber with maximum growth rate is indicated with a dashed line and the corresponding wave length is drawn on frames (a) and (b) with a vertical black line. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-oblique-dark-solitons-in-supersonic-flow-of-3xkefeyihb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generation-of-a-pair-of-spatial-dark-solitons-by-an-3or3ps72.png Figure 1. Generation of a pair of spatial dark solitons by an impenetrable disc of radius r = 1 placed at (0, 0) in a BEC radially expanding from the center at (−25, 0). The density plot is shown at t = 12. Initial radius of the condensate R = 25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sections-of-the-density-distributions-for-x-11a6avlh.png Figure 3. Cross sections of the density distributions for x = 20 (dashed line), x = 60 (solid line) and y > 0 obtained from numerical solution of the GP equation (1)(M = 5, t = 20). These are compared with soliton profiles (13) with slope a = 10 shown as functions of y at the same values of x (x = 20 corresponds to “crosses” and x = 60 to “circles”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generation-of-a-pair-of-oblique-dark-solitons-after-2qvvj6z4.png Figure 2. Generation of a pair of oblique dark solitons after “switching on” a uniform supersonic flow (M = 5) past a disk-shaped impenetrable obstacle of radius r = 1 located at (0, 0). The direction of the flow is from left to right. Density plot is shown for t = 20. The dark structures correspond to oblique dark solitons, which in turn generate the vortex streets near the end points. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-expressed-sequence-tags-and-development-of-166r3h8u9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-abundance-of-microsatellites-in-the-c-sieboldii-2zoo6lb0.png Table II. Abundance of microsatellites in the C. sieboldii putative unigenes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nj-dendrogram-for-individuals-of-c-sieboldii-var-30yva564.png Figure 2. NJ dendrogram for individuals of C. sieboldii var. lutchuensis (L), C. sieboldii var. sieboldii (S), C. cuspidata var. carlesii (R) and C. cuspidata var. cuspidata (C) based on the proportion of shared alleles for 16 EST-SSR markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functional-profile-of-the-1-263-c-sieboldii-386zglyl.png Figure 1. Functional profile of the 1 263 C. sieboldii putative unigenes and the 108 microsatellite-containing putative unigenes annotated according to GO slim terms (squares and circles, respectively). The error bars indicate 95% confidence limits for the frequencies of putative unigenes annotated with the specific GO slim term when 108 putative unigenes were randomly sampled 1 000 times. Significantly highly represented GO slim terms amongst putative unigenes with microsatellites are indicated by the closed circle. The GO IDs and corresponding terms are as follows: GO:0005622, intracellular; GO:0005623, cell; GO:0005576, extracellular region; GO:0003824, catalytic activity; GO:0005488, binding; GO:0003676, nucleic acid binding; GO:0005198, structural molecule activity; GO:0005215, transporter activity; GO:0004871, signal transducer activity; GO:0030528, transcription regulator activity; GO:0030234, enzyme regulator activity; GO:0003774, motor activity; GO:0016209, antioxidant activity; GO:0008152, metabolic process; GO:0006139, nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process; GO:0006810, transport; GO:0050896, response to stimulus; GO:0007154, cell communication; GO:0006118, electron transport; GO:0009987, cellular process; GO:0006519, amino acid and derivative metabolic process; GO:0008219, cell death; GO:0007275, multicellular organismal development. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-abundant-protein-families-number-of-putative-2gb71pze.png Table I. Abundant protein families (number of putative unigenes > 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-cross-species-amplification-of-16-est-ssr-primer-3tk2ew29.png Table V. Cross-species amplification of 16 EST-SSR primer pairs from C. sieboldii. Fc, Lg, Cc, Qg, Qd, Qs, Qm and Qv indicate Fagus crenata, Lithocarpus glabra, Castanea crenata, Quercus glauca, Q. dentata, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis, respectively. The plus (+) and minus (-) signe and ‘m’ indicate single locus amplification, no products and multiple banding pattern, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-polymorphisms-of-the-est-ssr-markers-based-on-2tr0gi6h.png Table IV. Polymorphisms of the EST-SSR markers, based on samples of 10 C. sieboldii var. sieboldii (CSS), four C. cuspidata var. cuspidata (CCC), one C. sieboldii var. lutchuensis (OKN) and one C. cuspidata var. carlesii (TWR). For OKN and TWR individuals, allele size is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-polycrystalline-material-at-the-atomic-scale-247s5ro49k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-color-online-the-box-contains-403-076-aluminum-3d3vydfc.png Figure 5: [Color Online] The box contains 403 076 aluminum atoms and sizes 19.3nm edge. 80 grains are generated and the space between grains is non zero. After energy minimization we clearly obtain voids which are found between grains. The color code represent the centrosymmetric parameter. This picture has been generated using AtomEye[10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-online-aluminum-polycrystalline-sample-which-2cut594e.png Figure 7: [Color Online]Aluminum polycrystalline sample which sizes 79.7× 79.7× 2.0 nm. Each picture represents di erent shear loads. The color map is related to the xx stress tensor component for each atom. It emphasizes defaults, dislocations and grain boundaries. The two rsts pictures are for 0 and 0.05 strain. The middle picture is at 0.15 strain and labels on it point out defaults, dislocations and tilted network. Finally pictures on bottom are from left to right 0.2 and 0.25 strain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-color-online-the-stress-strain-curves-are-plotted-gsgyc9d2.png Figure 6: [Color Online] The stress-strain curves are plotted for an extension deformation of alluminium samples: a crystal of 16 nm size (red), a polycrystalline with 80 grains of 20 nm (green), a polycrystalline with 80 grains and voids of 20 nm (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-growth-of-a-model-polycrystalline-1xxalcs0.png Figure 3: [Color Online] Growth of a model polycrystalline material in a plane. The unit cell is a cubic network. Colours are randomly a ected for each grains. Separation between grains is an initial speci cation of at least 2 units here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-a-one-ve-is-selected-b-and-declared-as-3kasu7i4.png Figure 1: [Color Online] a. One VE is selected, b. and declared as RE. New VE are then de ned. c. Another VE is selected and declared as RE. If it overlap with existing VE, the latter are suppressed. If New VE overlap with existing RE they are not created. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-color-online-a-histogram-of-displacements-of-each-b22iiczv.png Figure 8: [Color Online] a. histogram of displacements of each atoms after 3ns at 1700K and 1GPa. b. Atoms which displaced more than 0.17nm. The region in white are grains. https://scispace.com/papers/generic-component-lookup-3qcxt8fyzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-component-and-lookup-model-9k8b6g18.png Fig. 1.Component and lookup model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coarse-classification-of-lookup-services-1m37d1pz.png Table 1.Coarse classification of lookup services https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-using-the-lookup-infrastructure-7058pgys.png Fig. 3.Using the lookup infrastructure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-specification-declaration-2z16bvjq.png Fig. 2.Specification declaration https://scispace.com/papers/generic-object-discrimination-for-mobile-assistive-robots-331wo55qiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pldi-vs-panorama-lad594j8.png TABLE I. PLDI vs PANORAMA https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-evaluation-in-modelnet10-18d7mxf0.png TABLE VII. Evaluation in ModelNet10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameter-setting-experiment-3gf1dkxp.png TABLE II. Parameter setting & Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-comparison-between-proposed-methodology-23py9fda.png Figure 5. Performance comparison between proposed methodology (PLDI) against baseline alternatives (Depth, PLDI-BF) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparative-evaluation-of-descriptors-1xehqu23.png TABLE VI. Comparative evaluation of descriptors https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-macro-averaged-precision-comparison-sqerwvet.png TABLE III. Macro-averaged precision comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-filtering-fusion-pipeline-a-raw-depth-image-and-rgb-25dmxr57.png Figure 1. Filtering/fusion pipeline; (a) Raw depth image and RGB image, (b) reconstructed depth image and (c) projective light diffusion image. Emergent depth, photometric and surface orientation scene characteristics captured by PLDI are partially highlighted for emphasis (best viewed in color). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-rgb-d-scenes-and-corresponding-pldi-images-1b9xr7hs.png Figure 2. Example RGB-D scenes and corresponding PLDI images. Photometric features emerge along the floor (tiles), library (wood texture), poster et blanket covers. Depth gradients are noticeable along the wall and the double beds. https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-compensation-of-triacylglycerol-biosynthesis-in-the-568oochb50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-genetic-structure-phenotype-and-gene-expression-of-the-vq15oa86.png Fig 2. Genetic structure, phenotype and gene expression of the CRISPR-derived dgtt1 knockout mutant. (A) The location of an AphIII cassette insertion (green triangle) generated by CRISPR in the DGTT1 gene are presented. (B) TAG content of the CC-dgtt1 mutant (blue) and the parent strain CC3403 (black, WT) grown was measured at 72 h under P deprivation. (C) Relative transcriptional level of selected TAG biosynthesis genes (DGTT2, DGTT3, PDAT and PGD1) in the dgtt1 mutant (blue) and the parent strain CC3403 (black) was measured at 48 h under P deprivation. Data represents mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three biological repeats. An asterisk indicates statistical significance by Student’s t-test (p value 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-genetic-structure-phenotype-and-gene-expression-of-the-3jckb445.png Fig 1. Genetic structure, phenotype and gene expression of the dgtt1, dgtt2, dgtt3 knockout mutants obtained from the CLiP library. (A) Locations of the insertion sites of the CIB1 cassette (brown triangles) and of the primer pairs (black arrows) used to detect gene expression in the DGTT1, DGTT2 and DGTT3 genes are presented. (B) TAG content of the dgtt1 (blue), dgtt2 (red), dgtt3 (green) mutants and the parent strain CC5325 (black, WT) grown was measured at 72 h under P deprivation. (C) Relative transcriptional level of selected TAG biosynthesis genes (DGTT1, DGTT2, DGTT3, PDAT and PGD1) in the dgtt1 (blue), dgtt2 (red), dgtt3 (green) mutants and the parent strain CC5325 (black) was measured at 24 h under P deprivation. Transcripts of DGTT1 in the dgtt1 mutant and DGTT2 in the dgtt2 mutant were nondetectable (N/D). Data represents mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three biological repeats. An asterisk indicates statistical significance by Student’s t-test (p value 0.05) when compared to WT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phenotype-and-gene-expression-of-the-vtc1-strain-dvtc1-1p0m9vqd.png Fig 4. Phenotype and gene expression of the VTC1 strain, Δvtc1 single mutant and Δvtc1/pdat double mutant. (A) TAG content of the Δvtc1 strain CC5165 and the VTC1 rescue strain CC5166 grown was measured at 48 h and 72 h under P replete. (B) TAG content of the VTC1 strain, Δvtc1 strain and the Δvtc1/pdat strain grown was measured at 48 h and 72 h under P deprivation. (C) Relative transcriptional level of selected genes (DGTT1, DGTT2, DGTT3, PDAT and PGD1) was measured at 24 h under P deprivation. Transcripts of PDAT in the Δvtc1/pdat double mutant were nondetectable (N/D). Data represents mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three biological repeats. An asterisk indicates statistical significance by Student’s t-test (p value 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phenotype-and-gene-expression-of-the-pdat-mutant-37ujz4y6.png Fig 3. Phenotype and gene expression of the pdat mutant (CC4502). (A) Relative concentrations of TAG from the pdat knockout strain CC4502 (gray) and the wild-type CC4425 (black, WT) grown under 24 h-, 48 h-, 72 h- and 96 h-P deprivation was shown. (B) Relative transcriptional level of selected TAG biosynthesis genes (DGTT1, DGTT2, DGTT3) in the pdat mutant (gray) and the wild-type (black) was measured at 24 h under P deprivation. Data represents mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three biological repeats. An asterisk indicates statistical significance by Student’s t-test (p value 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-diversity-and-plant-growth-promoting-traits-of-3s6o10y6zr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neighbor-joining-phylogenetical-tree-based-on-12sppgky.png Fig. 2 Neighbor-joining phylogenetical tree based on bacterial nifH sequences (~ 300 bp), including sequences obtained in this study and from the most closely related nifH genes of previously cultured diazotrophic strains. nifH sequences of representative isolates obtained in this study are shown in bold: Numbers at branches represent bootstrap values >50% from 1,000 replicates. The scale bar shows the number of nucleotide substitutions per site https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantification-of-diazotrophic-bacterial-population-15cf3zj2.png Table 1 Quantification of diazotrophic bacterial population colonizing two elephant grass genotypes using five different nitrogen free semisolid media (log number cells per g fresh weight) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neighbor-joining-phylogenetical-tree-based-on-11acce4s.png Fig. 1 Neighbor-joining phylogenetical tree based on bacterial 16S rRNA sequences (~ 1,450 bp), including sequences obtained in this study and from the most closely related 16S rRNA genes of previously cultured diazotrophic strains. 16S rRNA sequences of representative isolates obtained in this study are shown in bold: Numbers at branches represent bootstrap values >50% from 1,000 replicates. The scale bar shows the number of nucleotide substitutions per site https://scispace.com/papers/genetics-of-the-timing-of-vegetative-phase-transition-in-a-139ho4qrdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-additive-s2a-dominance-s2d-additive-x-i5ffvzov.png Table 1. Estimates of additive (σ2A), dominance (σ2D), additive × environments (σ2AE) and dominance × environments (σ2DE) variance, and heritability (h2) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in the maize synthetic ‘EPS5’. https://scispace.com/papers/genome-scale-metabolic-modeling-reveals-sars-cov-2-induced-fba2w4h5i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genome-scale-metabolic-modeling-gem-based-2kvpqdaj.png Figure 3. Genome-scale metabolic modeling (GEM)-based prediction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 targets that act via reversing the virus-induced metabolic alterations. The robust metabolic transformation algorithm (rMTA, Valcárcel et al. 2019) was used to predict metabolic reactions whose knock-out can reverse the SARS-CoV-2-induced metabolic changes using each of the collected datasets (Methods). (A) Visualization of the overlap of the top 10% MTA-predicted target reactions between each pair of datasets analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests (Methods). The dot size corresponds to the effect size of the overlap as measured by odds ratio, and the color corresponds to the negative log10 adjusted one-sided P value (grey means below 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-published-gene-expression-datasets-on-1u1a9dza.png Table 1. Summary of the published gene expression datasets on SARS-CoV-2 infection analyzed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-validation-of-the-predicted-anti-sars-cov-2-targets-2drj27al.png Figure 4. Validation of the predicted anti-SARS-CoV-2 targets with an immunofluorescence-based in vitro siRNA assay. (A) A schematic illustration of the siRNA assay in Caco-2 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 to validate the antiviral efficacies of the consensus predicted metabolic targets. Caco-2 cells were transfected with siRNAs for 48 h prior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-genome-scale-metabolic-modeling-gem-based-analysis-2wuw7i9j.png Figure 2. Genome-scale metabolic modeling (GEM)-based analysis of SARS-CoV-2induced metabolic alterations across datasets. GEM was used to compute the metabolic fluxes from the gene expression profiles, and reactions with differential fluxes (DF) between the SARS-CoV-2-infected and control groups were identified for each dataset (Methods). (A) Visualization of the overlap of the top DF reactions between each pair of datasets analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests (Methods). The dot size corresponds to the effect size of the overlap as measured by odds ratio, and the color corresponds to the negative log10 adjusted one-sided P value (grey means below 0.05). (B) A summary visualization of the metabolic pathway enrichment result for the top consistent DF reactions across the datasets, with more importance given to the various in vivo patient datasets (Methods). Y-axis represents the odds ratio of enrichment, the dot color corresponds to the adjusted P value from Fisher’s exact tests, and dot size corresponds to the number of enriched reactions within each pathway. Half-dots plotted on the top border line correspond to infinity odds ratio values. The pathways on the X-axis are ordered by P value and only those with FDR<0.1 are shown. (C-E) Visualization of the relatively consistent DF patterns in selected enriched pathways. The DF results are based on metabolic modeling using the human GEM Recon 3D (Brunk et al. 2018), but for clear visualization, the metabolic network graphs are based on the human GEM Recon 1 (Duarte et al. 2007) to reduce the number of metabolites and reactions displayed (Methods). Metabolites are represented by nodes, reactions are represented by directed (hyper) edges, with edge direction corresponding to the consensus reaction direction and edge color corresponding to the consensus DF direction across datasets (Methods). Red and blue colors correspond to increased and decreased fluxes, respectively; grey color corresponds to reactions not showing consistent DF changes across datasets, some of such reactions are not shown to increase clarity. (C) Pyrimidine synthesis. (D) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-the-gene-expression-and-metabolic-flux-9mwnzjho.png Figure 5. Analysis of the gene expression and metabolic flux profile of remdesivir treatment and prediction of metabolic targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 in combination with remdesivir. (A) PCA plot of the gene expression profiles for the Vero E6 samples from all experimental groups: control (no virus or remdesivir treatment), virus (SARS-CoV-2-infected), virus+remdesivir (SARS-CoV-2-infected treated by remdesivir), remdesivir (remdesivir treatment alone without virus). There are 3 replicates in each group. (B) A visualization of selected differentially expressed pathways comparing the virus+remdesivir group to the control group using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Y-axis represents normalized enrichment score (NES), positive value means higher expression in the virus+remdesivir group compared to https://scispace.com/papers/genome-sequencing-and-analysis-of-the-first-spontaneous-4s6oc9q6qw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-species-wide-proteus-mirabilis-antibiotic-resistome-2i6n4wgd.png Fig. 8 Species wide Proteus mirabilis antibiotic resistome constituents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-see-legend-on-next-page-ka2hhwxb.png Fig. 4 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-consensus-p-mirabilis-scdr1-antibiotic-resistome-207lk3r7.png Table 7 Consensus P. mirabilis-SCDR1 antibiotic Resistome (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-metaphlan-primary-identification-of-the-tested-taxon-3p5te74y.png Fig. 1 Metaphlan primary identification of the tested taxon https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-consensus-p-mirabilis-scdr1-antibiotic-resistome-15utl5gx.png Table 7 Consensus P. mirabilis-SCDR1 antibiotic Resistome (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-whole-genome-neighbor-joining-phylogenetic-tree-of-31nc42d7.png Fig. 3 Whole genome Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree of Proteus mirabilis spices including Pm-SCDR1 isolate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-antibiotic-resistance-lose-functional-categories-1asu0cnr.png Fig. 7 Antibiotic Resistance lose functional categories analysis for Proteus mirabilis SCDR1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-p-mirabilis-scdr1-heavy-metal-resistance-binding-2u8ij7vh.png Table 8 P. mirabilis SCDR1 Heavy Metal Resistance/Binding factors https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-identification-and-analysis-of-the-basic-leucine-30dq37bnt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-bzip-transcription-factor-family-identified-1f5nqjuv.png Table 1. List of bZIP transcription factor family identified in the U. virens genome https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-for-qrt-pcr-assay-pnej4f41.png Table 1. List of bZIP transcription factor family identified in the U. virens genome https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expression-profiling-of-uvbzips-under-the-h2o2-2cw1onyu.png Fig. 6 Expression profiling of UvbZIPs under the H2O2 treatment. Relative expression levels of the 654 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-partern-of-intron-insert-in-the-bzip-domain-of-the-3jdz25e6.png Fig. 3 The partern of intron insert in the bZIP domain of the UvbZIP proteins. An example of the consensus sequence (UvbZIP1) is given, and the orresponding positions are shown at bar. The red words are the highly conserved residues of bZIP domain, and Leu amino acid are less conserved for UvbZIPs. The black vertical lines in the bar indicate the intron position in the bZIP domain. https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-meta-analyses-of-stratified-depression-in-54uu6v0fq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-regional-association-plot-for-rs4478037-an-intronic-3nc7r4zc.png Fig. 2 Regional association plot for rs4478037, an intronic SNP in CRTAP, and the top ranking SNP (rs4478037, P = 2.37 × 10-8) in GWAS of depression in males only https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-manhattan-plot-of-p-values-from-snp-based-association-3qq78pvp.png Fig. 1 Manhattan plot of P-values from SNP-based association meta-analysis of all depression cases and controls (MDD, n = 43 062), recurrent only cases and all controls (rMDD, n = 39 556), females only cases and controls (fMDD, n = 23 169) and males only cases and controls (mMDD, n = 19 886). The blue line indicates the threshold for genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), the red line indicates the threshold for suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10-5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-snps-with-association-p-value-24iumjk0.png Table 1 Summary statistics for SNPs with association P-value≤ 1 × 10−6 for depression (MDD), recurrent depression (rMDD), depression in females only (fMDD) and depression in males only (mMDD), sorted within phenotype by genomic positions according to UCSC hg19/NCBI Build 37 https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-characterization-of-emerging-bacterial-uropathogen-162szasfrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-antibiotic-susceptibility-profile-varies-between-n-h98eo1if.png FIG 4 The antibiotic susceptibility profile varies between N. gonorrhoeae isolates and urogenital N. meningitidis isolates. (A) The heatmap of AST profiles for each isolate shows N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae isolates organized by 16S phylogenetic gene tree, with major differences being that N. meningitidis isolates are resistant to azithromycin and intermediate to penicillin, while N. gonorrhoeae isolates are largely susceptible to both antibiotics. Isolate NM12 has a distinct antibiotic susceptibility profile that varies from both N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis isolates. Color strips indicate the source of isolate, species identification by ANI, and SNP pairwise distance-based grouping. (B) Distributions of MIC and zone diameter for N. meningitidis urogenital isolates and N. gonorrhoeae respiratory isolates for azithromycin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ng, N. gonorrhoeae; Nm, N. meningitidis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-urogenital-n-meningitidis-isolates-primarily-fall-3nufyq0b.png FIG 2 Urogenital N. meningitidis isolates primarily fall within a single, highly related clade. An approximate maximum likelihood tree of core genome alignment of St. Louis and select Neisseria isolates with tree branch lengths of .0.0001 is shown. Two urogenital isolates collected from St. Louis fall outside of this clade and are distantly related to the ST-11 clonal complex. All isolates that tested positive for N. gonorrhoeae fall into a clade with other urogenital N. meningitidis isolates. The source is indicated by color of the tip, and Aptima test results are indicated by the shape of tip. Ng, N. gonorrhoeae. https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-sequencing-confirms-absence-of-introgression-despite-2xdevf3upk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interspecific-hybridisation-research-in-a-3vtpo2ir.png Table 1 Interspecific hybridisation research in a conservation context where both genetic and genomic data have been generated and both have 126 been used to assess hybrids or hybridisation. 'Conservation relevance' is used to mean that the hybridisation involves a threatened species, and 127 the outcomes of the study have implications for conservation and/or present recommendations for conservation management. Web of Science 128 search (19 July 2020): ALL FIELDS: (((genetic AND genomic) AND (hybridization OR introgression OR admixture) AND (conservation OR 129 threatened OR endangered)) AND (fish OR bird OR mammal OR marsupial OR amphibian OR reptile OR plant OR invertebrate OR insect OR 130 mollusc OR crustacean)). Of the 237 results, to capture empirical research that used high-throughput genomic sequencing techniques only, 131 reviews and editorials, and articles published prior to 2014 were excluded. From the remaining 119 results, studies assessing intraspecific 132 admixture or with no clear conservation relevance were excluded. 133 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-assignment-probabilities-for-kaki-k-australian-pied-1rlt5cqp.png Figure 4 Assignment probabilities for kakī (K), Australian pied stilts and poaka (P), and interspecific hybrids (H) produced via pophelper 462 visualisation of CLUMPP-permuted ADMIXTURE results when K = 2. Each individual is represented by a vertical bar, with colours indicating 463 the assignment probability to the kakī (green) or Australian pied stilts/poaka (grey) cluster.464 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upsetr-plot-of-the-intersections-of-the-total-3siyc9aa.png Figure 2 UpSetR plot of the intersections of the total variants discovered from GBS data for kakī, Australian pied stilts and poaka, and interspecific 423 hybrids across five variant discovery pipelines: GATK, Platypus, Samtools, Stacks, and Tassel. Bottom left bars represent the total number of 424 variants discovered with each pipeline, while the main bar plot represents the number of variants common to multiple pipelines as indicated by the 425 filled circles below. 426 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-the-costs-and-benefits-associated-with-1r6tuu0h.png Table 6 Comparison of the costs and benefits associated with a genetic approach (i.e., microsatellite panel) for assessing hybridisation in kakī with 596 a genomics approach (i.e., genotyping-by-sequencing). With both platforms already established for kakī, cost per sample for additional small 597 number of samples assessed each year is the primary deciding factor. All cost estimates are in British pounds (GBP) based on cost estimates in 598 Aotearoa New Zealand. 599 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-population-summary-statistics-from-the-three-single-2ocal1bm.png Table 4 Population summary statistics from the three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 432 sets produced from GBS data for kakī, Australian pied stilts/poaka, and interspecific hybrids, 433 as calculated during format conversion from VCF to PLINK. 434 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-single-nucleotide-1c3fjjut.png Table 3 Summary statistics for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) produced from GBS 427 data for stilts. Mean ± standard deviation (SD). KB = kilobase, HWE = Hardy-Weinberg 428 Equilibrium, FDR = False Discovery Rate, FST = measure of population differentiation, Ts/Tv 429 = ratio of transitions to transversions. 430 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sequencing-outputs-and-mapping-success-of-gbs-data-1ddt3y9x.png Table 2 Sequencing outputs and mapping success of GBS data from kakī, Australian pied 394 stilts/poaka, and interspecific hybrids averaged by species. Overall includes all samples along 395 with negative and positive controls. 396 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-kaki-captive-breeding-facilities-and-33mu0al8.png Figure 1 Locations of kakī captive breeding facilities and wild breeding distribution, and 215 Australian pied stilt and poaka sampling sites in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (maps 216 not to scale). 217 2.2 Genotyping-by-sequencing 218 https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-properties-of-variably-methylated-retrotransposons-21n6zii7rc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-see-legend-on-next-page-3ijf1jie.png Fig. 1 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluorophores-for-b-and-t-cell-panel-1t0pyjmf.png Table 1 Fluorophores for B and T cell panel https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-studies-of-multiple-myeloma-reveal-an-association-9l2z0ps0ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-levels-of-10-xq-linked-genes-analyzed-16o7zxei.png Figure 4. Expression levels of 10 Xq-linked genes analyzed together (A) and independently (B). The average expression level in the Xq region is higher for patients with partial X alterations (N 5 6) compared to those without partial X alterations (N 5 7) (A). No significant difference was detected when we tested each gene independently (B). The b2-microglobuline gene was used for normalization. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expression-profiles-of-the-x-linked-genes-ikbkg-1h0kf4n4.png Figure 5. Expression profiles of the X-linked genes IKBKG, IRAK1, RBMX, NSDHL, and RBMX2 obtained from the GEO dataset GSE 26760. Groups were built based on X genomic profile (GSE 26863). Patients with partial X alterations (green color) overexpressed these X-linked genes compared to those without partial X alterations (blue color). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-characteristics-17zt0foi.png TABLE 1. Patients’ Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prevalence-of-genomic-aberration-bars-above-the-x-2hsddmy4.png Figure 1. Prevalence of genomic aberration. Bars above the x axis indicates gains and below the x axis losses. Gains of whole chromosome most frequently involved 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 19, and 21. Losses most frequently involved 13, 1p, 6q, 8p, 14, and 16q. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overall-survival-in-relation-to-presence-of-partial-9gcoxwb0.png Figure 7. Overall survival in relation to presence of partial X alterations (A) and the number of structural aberrations (B). We performed aCGH at diagnosis of 70 patients. Based on X chromosome profiles, there was no statistical difference in OS between the groups with or without partial X alterations (A). Patients with more than three structural abnormalities had reduced overall survival compared to these with three or less structural abnormalities. P value (log rank) 5 0.008 (B). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-most-frequent-minimal-common-altered-regions-2w0eg1ql.png TABLE 3. Most Frequent Minimal Common Altered Regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expression-profiles-along-the-x-chromosome-rna-seq-vxnjjlm3.png Figure 3. Expression profiles along the X chromosome. RNA-seq performed on patients with abnormal X profile (M12, M20, and M25) did not show any different profiles between these and those with partial X alterations (region located to the right of the red bar) (M3 and M22). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/genotype-effects-and-gene-x-environment-interactions-on-j30s6uya37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-updated-moderated-mediation-model-between-early-xmsbl6zv.png Figure 7. Updated moderated mediation model between early-life licking received and later-life licking provisioning. Offspring Drd2 genotype moderated the indirect relationship between early-life average licking received and later-life maternal licking provisioning by dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dopaminergic-activity-in-the-nucleus-accumbens-of-2f8na7ud.png Figure 3. Dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens of the maternal brain is associated with later-life licking provisioning. (A) The DOPAC/DA ratio in the nucleus accumbens was negatively correlated with later-life licking provisioning from postnatal day 2-9. Upon further analyses, the (B) dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens was positively correlated with later-life licking provisioning and (C) there was no correlation with DOPAC levels in the nucleus accumbens. Scatterplots are displayed with 95% confidence interval in grey for the DOPAC/DA ratio and DA levels in the nucleus accumbens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-offspring-genotype-within-the-oxytocin-receptor-and-2vhnbnft.png Figure 4. Offspring genotype within the oxytocin receptor and estrogen receptor alpha genes affect early-life licking received or later-life licking provisioning respectively. (A) Homozygous G/G female rat offspring for oxytocin receptor (Oxtr; chr4:144398803) received lower average licking per bout than homozygous A/A female rat offspring and (B) heterozygous C/T female rat offspring for estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1; chr1:41590586) provided more licking than homozygous C/C and T/T female rat offspring. Barplots are displayed with mean +/- standard error with individual data points. * p < 0.05, ** p = 0.001 with Tukey’s post-hoc tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-association-between-average-licking-received-2grgrlzr.png Figure 5. The association between average licking received and nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) levels in the maternal brain is moderated by dopamine receptor 2 (Drd2) genotype. Heterozygous A/G female rat offspring had higher levels of DA in the nucleus accumbens with higher early-life average licking received. Homozygous A/A offspring do not show an association with early-life average licking received. Scatterplots are displayed with regression lines for A/A (black) and A/G (orange) with the 95% confidence interval for the A/G genotype in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothesized-moderated-mediation-between-early-life-388w6afl.png Figure 1. Hypothesized moderated mediation between early-life licking received and later-life licking provisioning. Inter-individual licking received early in life would positively associate with later-life maternal licking provisioning. Differences in dopaminergic activity in the maternal brain would account for this association and mediate the relationship between licking received and licking provisioning indirectly. Finally, offspring genotype in dopamine-related genes would interact with early-life inter-individual licking received and moderate later-life maternal licking provisioning and dopaminergic activity in the maternal brain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-candidate-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-ivl86yih.png Table 1. List of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms assessed for variation, information related to their location and function, and genotype frequencies in our LongEvans rat population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-moderated-mediation-statistical-model-model-7-1enheao4.png Figure 6. The moderated mediation statistical model (Model 7) analyzed with PROCESS with all output coefficient β values. There was a significant moderation of Drd2 (rs107017253) and average licking received (solid orange) on dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, in turn, significantly mediated (solid blue) the relationship between average licking received and maternal licking provisioning to the F2 pups. ** p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-distribution-of-maternal-licking-received-1k67hk9c.png Figure 2. The distribution of maternal licking received within the first week of life and its direct association with later-life maternal licking provisioning. (A) Total licking duration (15-second bins) and (B) average licking duration per bout (1-second bins) received across all observation days (PND 1, 3, 5, and 7) for the female offspring tested (n = 46). There were no significant correlations between (C) total licking duration and (D) average licking duration per bout with later-life licking provisioning. https://scispace.com/papers/genotype-environment-interactions-in-eggplant-for-fruit-1p0svbaoxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-eggplant-fruit-phenolic-acid-conjugate-least-8hu77xe4.png Table 3. Total eggplant fruit phenolic acid conjugate least square means (high performance liquid chromatography peak area units) for cultivars grown in greenhouse and open field environments in Beltsville, Maryland and Valencia, Spain. Estimates of stability variance for phenolic acids of cultivars across environments were calculated before (σ2i) and after (s2i) removal of environmental heterogeneity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pearson-correlation-coefficients-for-phenolic-acid-3mge4ltk.png Table 5. Pearson correlation coefficients for phenolic acid conjugate classes in eggplant fruit grown in Beltsville, Maryland and Valencia, Spain under greenhouse and open field conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eggplant-fruit-phenolic-acid-conjugate-class-least-j9hai2w1.png Table 4. Eggplant fruit phenolic acid conjugate class least square means (high performance liquid chromatography peak area units) and percent of total phenolic acid values for individual phenolic acid classes of cultivars grown in greenhouse and open field environments at Beltsville, Maryland and Valencia, Spain. Estimates of stability variance for phenolic acids of cultivars across environments were calculated before (σ2i) and after (s2i) removal of environmental heterogeneity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phenolic-acid-conjugates-identified-in-fruit-of-2ws60cfk.png Table 1. Phenolic acid conjugates identified in fruit of Solanum melongena hybrids, open-pollinated cultivars, land races, and S. macrocarpon and S. aethiopicum, two cultivated eggplant relatives. Compounds were organized into six groups based upon chemical structure. https://scispace.com/papers/geobuilder-a-geometric-algorithm-visualization-and-debugging-1za5y4lspo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-snapshots-captured-while-constructing-the-convex-hull-3ve14o5f.png Fig. 8. Snapshots captured while constructing the convex hull. This procedure is visualized with a camera unmoved in the manual mode; seven input points from A to G sequentially locate farther away from the viewport. The five subfigures illustrate in order the triangles generated. (a) CDE. (b) BCD and BCE. (c) ABD and ABE. (d) ACD. (e) CDF . Notably, the 3D objects may overlap one another in front of the camera. Without moving the camera dynamically to proper positions, we cannot observe all changes of the algorithm states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geobuilder-is-embedded-into-the-opencps-portal-a-1pw33b7d.png Fig. 3. GeoBuilder is embedded into the OpenCPS portal. (a) GeoBuilder as a content object in the implementation space. (b) Associated JNLP file. (c) Running a 2D Voronoi diagram program. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observation-sphere-and-camera-position-decision-a-1gbufdi4.png Fig. 7. Observation sphere and camera position decision. (a) Snapshots of the GeoBuilder IDE, the canvas panel of Geo3DDrawingBean, and the window of global view. (b) Observation sphere and the parameters of the camera position. (c) The camera will move from the original position C to a new position to watch the object, centered at P , in the next step. The candidate points A and B are the projections of P onto the observation sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-architecture-of-the-geobuilder-the-back-end-of-1ki5zb1r.png Fig. 1. System architecture of the GeoBuilder. The back end of the GeoBuilder system connects to an Algorithm Server to request compiling and debugging services. The states of replicated application processes can be synchronized by the Collabench Server. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-felders-learning-style-ftbjnh1f.png TABLE 2 Felder’s Learning Style https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frame-code-to-develop-a-geometric-algorithm-with-2fs9fo70.png Fig. 4. Frame code to develop a geometric algorithm with circle objects involved. (a) Autogenerated codes. (b), (c), and (d) Finding the smallest enclosing circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-infrastructure-of-the-collabench-service-2k1v3yjt.png Fig. 5. The infrastructure of the Collabench service. Collabench is an event-driven framework generating and broadcasting collaborative events for concurrent cooperation. This mechanism extracts CollabEventObjects from LocalEventObjects and sends them to the Collabench server (the dashed lines). After receiving the turningaround event objects (solid lines), the EventProcessor then restores the state change from collaborative events to target local objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-geobuilder-can-also-visualize-line-segment-associated-22qpllga.png Fig. 10. GeoBuilder can also visualize line-segment-associated algorithms. Subfigures demonstrate the animation in detecting line segment intersections in a 3D environment. https://scispace.com/papers/geochemistry-of-uranium-in-phosphorites-and-black-shales-of-10s6b21x09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equilibrium-constants-of-uranyl-complex-ions-in-3rm0v93g.png Table 2,—Equilibrium constants of uranyl complex ions in aqueous solutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-complex-ions-and-molecules-of-uranium-2jtiprui.png Table 1.—Complex ions and molecules of uranium https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-relation-between-p20c-x-01-5-i6m33e4s.png Table 5.—Regression analysis,. Relation between P20c x 0,1 (^^5*)^ excess fluorine x 10 (Fx ! ) and equivalent uranim x 10-* (eU ! ) in samples from https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relation-between-broadening-of-x-ray-diffraction-1liz3h7o.png Table 7*—Relation between broadening of x-ray diffraction line of apatite, uranium,, and excess fluorine contents of apatite, https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-shows-how-the-numbers-of-high-and-low-rocks-are-2ibtm5xm.png Table 4A shows how the numbers of "high" and "low" rocks are classified by type (Eh> 0 vs, Eh<0, or pH<7*8 vs. pH>7-8)« https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-analysis-relation-between-p2deg5-excess-3f7xph5g.png Table 6,—Regression analysis. Relation between P2°5* excess fluorine (F ) and equivalent uranium (eU) x 103 <> Data from Thompson (1953? 1954.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatter-diagram-showing-relation-between-eu-and-u-2fpe5j6j.png Figure 1, Scatter diagram showing relation between eU and U in Permian rocks of western Wyoming .........*.. 17 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-relation-between-p20-j-x-2-5-3fxwmf45.png Table 5.—Regression analysis,. Relation between P20c x 0,1 (^^5*)^ excess fluorine x 10 (Fx ! ) and equivalent uranim x 10-* (eU ! ) in samples from https://scispace.com/papers/geochemical-constraints-on-volatile-sources-and-subsurface-45s2ofxoch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-distribution-of-mobile-doas-measurements-3kjzifzy.png Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of mobile-DOAS measurements. Airborne SO2 column density measurements are shown in ppmm collected near Mount Martin and Mount Mageik (black triangles) on July 15, 2013 (A), and a zoomed in view of the measurements at Mount Martin (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-carbon-isotope-partitioning-ch4-1-c2h6-2-and-c3h8-3-a4eke94z.png Fig. 8. Carbon isotope partitioning. CH4 (1), C2H6 (2) and C3H8 (3) δ13C values are shown for Trident (red squares) and Mount Mageik (blue triangles) fumarole compositions. When compared with “abiogenic” (e.g. Kid Creek) and “thermogenic” samples from Lollar et al. (1994, 2002), Trident's C isotopes reflect an apparent abiogenic signature, while Mount Mageik's C isotopes reflect a more typical thermogenic signature. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-subsurfacemodel-of-the-katmai-volcanic-cluster-this-3pbrgfvn.png Fig. 10. Subsurfacemodel of the Katmai Volcanic Cluster. This schematicmodel is based on interpretations from this study and previous geophysical studies. The yellow low-velocity zone is based on seismic tomography by Murphy et al. (2014). Small batches of magma (orange circles) are schematic only as inferred from gas geochemistry beneath Mount Martin, Mount Mageik and Trident Volcanoes. The speculated presence of organic matter based on this study is schematically illustrated. Hydrothermal system depths are from geothermometry model results described in Section 5.1. See text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-aleutian-arc-volatile-sources-calculated-volatile-35ku816k.png Fig. 9. Aleutian Arc volatile sources. Calculated volatile source compositions from the target volcanoes are shown relative to other Aleutian Arc volcanoes. End member compositions reflecting C (carbonate), S (sediment) and M (mantle) sources were calculated using the three component mixing model of Sano and Marty (1995). Figure after Hilton et al. (2002). See text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-this-map-depicts-the-katmai-volcanic-28cup4j3.png Fig. 1. Location map. This map depicts the Katmai Volcanic Cluster (red box) within Alaska (A) ScanDOAS station locations, sample locations, and basecamp (Baked Mountain) (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-species-fumarole-composition-in-mol-from-36r5qlw0.png Table 2 Major species fumarole composition (in mol%) from Trident and Mount Mageik. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-isotopic-composition-of-measured-trident-and-mount-3l3fazxz.png Table 3 Isotopic composition of measured Trident and Mount Mageik fumarole samples and steam condensate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-traditional-geothermometry-model-calculations-model-2wbyowc2.png Fig. 7. Traditional geothermometry model calculations. Model results for Trident (red squares) and Mount Mageik (blue triangles) hydrothermal systems are shown. (A) Redox independent geothermometry calculation of Chiodini and Marini (1998); (B) Fast reacting log(CO/CO2) vs log(H2/H2O) geothermometer of Giggenbach (1987); (C) Slowreacting log(CO/CO2) vs log(CH4/CO2) geothermometer of Giggenbach (1987). Consistent, equilibrium temperatures of ~200–250 °C are observed for Mount Mageik, while higher temperatures (N350 °C) and potentially disequilibrium conditions are observed for Trident. See text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/geographic-patterns-of-genetic-variation-in-three-genomes-of-3b2cx3pjhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-distributions-of-fragaria-vesca-2zp3wafc.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the distributions of Fragaria vesca subspecies and F. mexicana in North America based on data from Staudt (1999) and Liston et al. (2014). https://scispace.com/papers/geographical-distribution-and-determining-factors-of-mrur1hlz3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variation-of-geographical-distribution-of-species-2osb1v0x.png Table 2 Variation of geographical distribution of species density explained by social and climate factors in China. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-different-invasive-ranks-of-alien-1stpzmv5.png Table 1 Characteristics of different invasive ranks of alien species in China. https://scispace.com/papers/geodetic-and-geological-evidence-of-active-tectonics-in-58c3a6lvv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tectonic-model-of-the-central-mediterranean-lines-3qlesrbm.png Fig. 1. (A) Tectonic model of the Central Mediterranean. Lines represent the main Quaternary faults, lines with triangles represent the main thrusts. (B) Tectonic sketch map o seismi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-continental-shelf-between-mazara-del-vallo-and-11x7qp2q.png Fig. 8. The continental shelf between Mazara del Vallo and Punta Granitola as imaged in the Punta Granitola 1 profile and its seismic facies interpretation (see Fig. 7 for location). Boxes I, II, III, A, and B display parts of the line. Unit CM is interpreted as representative of “Cold seep”; unit A corresponds to the upper Pleistocene–Holocene d ise; un o renite s re evi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geological-shaded-relief-map-of-south-western-sicily-rz7unmtg.png Fig. 2. Geological shaded-relief map of south-western Sicily (see Fig. 1B for location), including the Campobello di Mazara–Castelvetrano alignment. Sites showing ground d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hillshade-of-the-area-of-the-campobello-di-mazara-m6gl8zdv.png Fig. 6. Hillshade of the area of the Campobello di Mazara–Castelvetrano Alignment, derived from 2 m × 2 m grid resolution DEM. Topographic profiles across the alignment s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-field-evidence-of-active-deformation-see-fig-2-for-1hh8i1im.png Fig. 7. Field evidence of active deformation (see Fig. 2 for location of pictures): (a) SW–NE trending anticline between Castelvetrano and Campobello di Mazara, deforming lower-middle Pleistocene terraced calcarenites (see); (b) and (c) conjugate reverse faults, coaxial with the anticline of (a); (d) and (e) street within the ancient settlement of Castelvetrano dislocated by a N30E striking back-thrust (same location of a–c); (f) cracks within the asphalt of a modern street parallel to the ancient street; (g) concrete side-wall of the road by-passing the Garcia Lake displaced by a W–E trending reverse fault; (h) 2006 GOOGLE street view image, showing an older side-wall in the same p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-ground-velocities-calculated-on-persistent-2tuiszdz.png Fig. 4. Mean Ground velocities calculated on persistent scatterers by the StaMPS package, using the descending SAR imagery of ENVISAT spacecraft from 2003 to 2010. https://scispace.com/papers/geographical-huff-model-calibration-using-taxi-trajectory-2z581gjr07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-regression-of-best-t-geographical-hu-model-on-35cdpuxf.png Table 2: OLS regression of best t geographical Hu model on house prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-house-price-distribution-rmb-m2-across-four-2lme77xw.png Figure 3: House price distribution, (RMB/m2 ), across four districts of Shenzhen: Baoan, Nanshan, Futian, and Luohu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gwr-calibration-weekends-for-shenzhen-the-four-2bkgb1wi.png Figure 2: GWR calibration (weekends) for Shenzhen. The four regions shown are: Baoan, Nanshan, Futian, and Luohu. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-humodel-calibration-and-testing-global-calibration-3ndwl5a3.png Table 1: Humodel calibration and testing. Global calibration on training data using best t model (highest R2, lowest sum of squares); and KL-divergence of calibrated models on test data (smaller values indicate greater accuracy of model prediction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shopping-centre-trading-areas-radii-equal-to-pqpsr8v6.png Figure 1: Shopping centre trading areas, radii equal to maximum distance of closest 80% of journeys, for: Nanshan (N), Baoan (B), Dongmen (D), Huaqiangbei (H), and Futian (F). https://scispace.com/papers/geology-of-old-hampshire-county-massachusetts-comprising-16rxn4q2qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-map-of-emery-veins-in-epidote-amphibolite-at-nortit-2jtokv55.png Fig. 6.—Map of emery veins in epidote-amphibolite at nortit end ofbed on the bank of the "Westfield River,Cheater, a, Epidote-amphibolite ; b, magnetite-emery beds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-represents-this-reef-which-projects-into-the-river-3aoagbv7.png Fig. 6.—Map of emery veins in epidote-amphibolite at nortit end ofbed on the bank of the "Westfield River,Cheater, a, Epidote-amphibolite ; b, magnetite-emery beds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-section-on-east-bant-of-connecticut-kiver-above-montb-29ca3y65.png Fig. 22.—Section on east bant of Connecticut Kiver above montb of Millers Eiver at A on sketch map, fig. 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-surface-of-h-ark-limestone-with-oolltolt-l-juarfcz-1qni66xw.png Fig. 12. Surface of h\ark limestone with oolltolt(^(l (juarfcz voins, Wliately. '. V.W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-42-gives-a-sketch-of-a-portion-of-the-second-cutting-158sdenk.png Fig. 42 gives a sketch of a portion of the second cutting below Dwight's station at the " Big Fill." It is carried along the slope of the terrace, and the jagged line in the middle of the figure is explained by the fact that the cut of the New London Northern Railroad is just east of and parallel to this and the crest caved between them, so that only a few of the telegraph poles remained. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-43-section-of-north-half-of-a-kettle-hole-below-d-wight-3cunvf2q.png Fig. 43 Section of north half of a kettle.hole below D wight's station on the Central Eallroad, Belchertown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enlargement-of-jiart-of-pi-xv-p-678-at-a-point-halfway-2yea1hm7.png Fig. 3.—Enlargement of jiart of PI. XV (p. 678) at a point halfway between G and H, and above the second sands, where two large bowlders appear. It shows the passage of the fourth ice over the older clays, here nearly all eroded, and the thrust of the bowlders into the clays, and the kneading together of the clays and subjacent sands. The wind erosion of the sand has produced deep, ear-like depressions in the lower part of the frozen wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-40-section-soutli-of-millers-falla-station-to-show-9tak5sy8.png Fig. 40.—Section soutli of Millers Falla station to show kettle-holes formed by ice melting from beneath the sands. https://scispace.com/papers/geometric-registration-for-zoomable-camera-using-epipolar-24w792xirs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-virtual-cube-is-overlaid-to-the-rubiks-cube-in-18w4ufc8.png Figure 2: A virtual cube is overlaid to the Rubik’s Cube in each frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-the-proposed-method-12mvmyts.png Figure 1: Flow diagram of the proposed method. https://scispace.com/papers/geometrical-effects-of-cu-ag-core-shell-nanoparticles-4y3tkqbc8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transient-distribution-of-cu-concentration-in-liquid-1ino5o6p.png Fig. 6 Transient distribution of Cu concentration in liquid solder for: (a) solder with pure flux and (b) solder with flux + 2% NPs during isothermal reflow at 523.15 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-simulation-results-of-liquid-solder-velocity-for-3meqpg3e.png Fig. 10 The simulation results of liquid solder velocity for R direction of the solder geometry for samples I, II and III, at t = 10 s from the start of air cooling. The embedded figure shows the top view for the velocity magnitudes of the samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-dimensions-of-solders-after-spreading-at-3tly8r3s.png Table 1 Final dimensions of solders after spreading at different ratio due to the alteration in the weight percentage of Cu@Ag nanoparticles in rosin flux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graphical-plot-to-present-the-variation-of-contact-1fhqz68w.png Fig. 5 Graphical plot to present the variation of contact angle and spread ratio for solders with designed flux + NPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-simulation-results-of-temperature-distribution-of-2t77x618.png Fig. 9 The simulation results of temperature distribution of sample A (a), sample B (b) and sample C (c) at 523.15 K for 10s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-values-of-c-z-with-time-for-sample-a-i-and-b-39jbhlp8.png Fig. 8 Simulated values of ∆C ∆z with time for sample (a) I and (b) III, show that the concentration gradient also vary along the radial distance (R). The concentration gradient is plotted against R for the specimens I, II, and III corresponding to the time point (c) 10 s, and (d) 20 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-element-distribution-in-solder-processed-with-2-wt-nps-1rzehyxp.png Fig. 4 Element distribution in solder processed with 2 wt.% NPs doped in flux: (a) BSE image; (b - d) Ag, Cu and Sn mapping using EPMA, respectively; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-as-synthesized-cu-ag-core-shell-2tfzbl6o.png Fig. 1 Characterization of as-synthesized Cu@Ag core-shell nanoparticles:(A) XRD spectra and SEM figure (insert picture); (b) TGA and DSC curve. https://scispace.com/papers/geometrical-structures-of-photographic-and-stereoscopic-4nuf9nwb5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-of-perceived-angle-bax-between-two-2fnzbc6t.png Figure 5. Relationship of perceived angle BAX between two conditions (the visual angle same as in visual space and the visual angle different from in visual space). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-the-perceived-distance-ax-in-23ww544l.png Figure 6. Relationship between the perceived distance AX in the condition of the visual angle same as in visual space and the corresponding physical distance AX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-experimental-situation-1c1w9vf4.png Figure 1. Illustration of experimental situation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hyperbolic-geodesics-in-euclidean-map-figure-10-e9t4ilqu.png Figure 9. Hyperbolic geodesics in Euclidean map. Figure 10. Elliptic geodesics in Euclidean map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-perceived-angle-bax-in-visual-znv4r6yv.png Figure 3. Relationship between perceived angle BAX in visual space and their physical angle BAX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-perceived-distances-ax-in-39k9rxkw.png Figure 2. Relationship between perceived distances AX in visual space and their physical distances when AB = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-relationship-between-the-perceived-distance-in-the-3jdc7le7.png Figure 11. Relationship between the perceived distance in the condition of the same visual angle as in visual space and the perceived distance in visual space (Watanabe, 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-relationship-between-perceived-angle-in-3bpcjz8v.png Figure 14. Relationship between perceived angle in stereoscopic space and perceived angle BAX in visual space https://scispace.com/papers/geometrical-modeling-of-non-stationary-polarimetric-2i0s7jzzc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vectors-that-characterize-the-geometrical-3fwr9w0f.png TABLE I VECTORS THAT CHARACTERIZE THE GEOMETRICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE PROPAGATION SCENARIO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-reference-2d-propagation-scenario-at-time-t0-0-2ma5azja.png Fig. 1. The reference 2D propagation scenario at time t0 = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometry-of-the-reflection-of-an-em-wave-in-the-cop-2yxhjots.png Fig. 2. Geometry of the reflection of an EM wave in the COP plane. https://scispace.com/papers/geostatistical-mapping-and-spatial-variability-of-surficial-9kys0hlu8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-sediment-type-map-of-the-beaufort-shelf-classified-1tbj7ou3.png Fig. 8. The sediment type map of the Beaufort Shelf classified according toWentworth (1922) and Shephard (1954). Data distribution and predicted standard errors for each grain size are presented on the left. Cokriging was used for clay, silt and sand; ordinary kriging for gravel. See Table 2 for the grain size percentage composition for each sediment type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sediment-grain-size-data-used-for-geostatistical-32fi2vdp.png Table 1 Sediment grain size data used for geostatistical interpolation (1969–2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-of-the-canadian-beaufort-shelf-showing-3gw1j4dg.png Fig. 1. Location map of the Canadian Beaufort Shelf showing the distribution and fill material of artificial islands. The textural dots refer to artificial islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-distribution-of-the-clay-silt-sand-and-gravel-cykgqg9r.png Fig. 3. Data distribution of the clay, silt, sand and gravel components of grain size samples, classified after Wentworth (1922), plotted against the total number of samples (1240) used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-data-distribution-of-grain-size-samples-and-2yigmplh.png Fig. 2. Spatial data distribution of grain size samples and artificial islands according to Klohn-Crippen (1998). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-areas-of-sediment-types-km2-and-their-grain-size-3e9h4ltm.png Table 2 Areas of sediment types (km2) and their grain size composition in percentages as they are presented in the sediment type map of the Beaufort Shelf in Fig. 8. The largest contiguous area is covered by silty clay which is 22.7% of the total area (67,185.38 km2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-of-estimation-by-means-of-cross-validation-367k0yji.png Table 3 Quality of estimation by means of cross-validation given by the mean standardized error (MSE), the ratio of mean squared cross-validation errors and the kriging variances (RMSSE), the correlation coefficient after Spearman (CS) and the nugget–sill ratios (N–S ratio). A comparison of ordinary kriging (OK) and cokriging (CK). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-areas-of-over-white-and-underestimation-black-as-the-i9nq3m44.png Fig. 4. Areas of over- (white) and underestimation (black) as the result of adding together the silt, clay, sand and gravel grids. Gray areas meet the standard of a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/geot-user-s-guide-a-computer-program-for-multicomponent-4ai1fbq2k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-flowchart-of-algorithm-implemented-to-estimate-3jezq94e.png Figure 3—1 Flowchart of algorithm implemented to estimate reservoir temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-structure-of-the-geothermometry-computer-program-xd4ca4sl.png Figure 1—1 Structure of the geothermometry computer program GeoT and example computations https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-2-problem-1-annotated-ouptut-file-geot-out-1udyloha.png Table 7.1—2 Problem 1 – Annotated ouptut file (geot.out) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-1-problem-2-example-fluid-reconstruction-3pat8ql0.png Figure 7.2—1 Problem 2 – Example fluid reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-1-example-thermodynamic-database-input-file-v0zp5evr.png Table 5.2—1 Example thermodynamic database input file. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-1-problem-2-input-file-geot-inp-1ozvmgyv.png Table 7.2—1 Problem 2 – Input file (geot.inp) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-1-problem-1-input-file-geot-inp-1l9wq2l8.png Table 7.1—2 Problem 1 – Annotated ouptut file (geot.out) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-1-problem-1-application-to-an-icelandic-1uuh3o3x.png Figure 7.1—1 Problem 1 – Application to an Icelandic geothermal water https://scispace.com/papers/gestural-agency-in-human-machine-musical-interaction-48okw8bcvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-and-machine-are-agents-connected-by-signals-cjzgv63b.png FIGURE 1: Human and machine are agents connected by signals. The model allows for the incorporation of more agents into a network. https://scispace.com/papers/getting-the-word-out-the-informational-function-of-11otz2dcbn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relation-between-x-qa-qa-and-e-e-with-an-1966jsuj.png Figure 2: The Relation Between x, QA, QA and E(e) With an Exogenous Change in θ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-consumers-and-producers-strategies-for-th0-1-2-3fm4pxsp.png Figure 3: The Consumer’s and Producer’s Strategies (For θ0 = ½). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-relation-between-q-and-e-e-for-th-1-2-due-to-an-o4q307g5.png Figure 5: The Relation Between Q and E(e) (for θ=½) Due to an Exogenous Increase in the Error Span (Resulting From an Increase in a1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-relation-between-q-and-e-e-for-th-1-2-due-to-an-1or7exvd.png Figure 6: The Relation Between Q and E(e) (for θ=1/2) Due to an Exogenous Increase in the Error Span (Pursuant to an Increase in a1 or a Decrease in a2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-number-of-calories-in-fast-food-items-as-2kn46tak.png Figure 8: The Number of Calories in Fast Food Items as advertised by Subway115 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-feedback-summary-as-it-appears-on-ebay-b7w0ltiq.png Figure 7: The Feedback Summary As It Appears on eBay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-consumers-dilemma-3pobvtv7.png Figure 1: The Consumer’s Dilemma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-increase-in-e-due-to-an-exogenous-increase-in-3o1xcgyj.png Figure 4: The Increase in E Due to an Exogenous Increase in (a1-a2). https://scispace.com/papers/getting-from-here-to-there-spatial-anxiety-wayfinding-11snyhg76i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overhead-view-of-the-fictitious-model-town-1xoe795u.png Figure 1. Overhead view of the fictitious model town, including streets and landmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-navigation-time-and-errors-in-experiment-2-1zzf24tm.png Table 3 Mean Navigation Time and Errors in Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-spatial-anxiety-wayfinding-strategies-ekpsdw7n.png Table 2 Mean Spatial Anxiety, Wayfinding Strategies, Navigation Time, and Navigation Errors in Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-routes-1cq7ldos.png Table 1 Summary of Routes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1sao2eqx.png Table 1 Summary of Routes https://scispace.com/papers/getting-by-with-a-little-help-from-self-and-others-self-1iipwbcv49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-models-for-cross-informant-analyses-n-2h1ll6sq.png Figure 3. Structural models for cross-informant analyses (N 350). Path coefficients are unstandardized, and significance levels were determined by critical ratios on unstandardized coefficients (*p .05; **p .01; ***p .001). Hypothesized paths that did not reach or approach significance were included in both models but are not depicted for the sake of clarity. CFI comparative fit index; NFI normed fit index; RMSEA root mean square error of approximation. aHigher scores on this measure reflect ratings for peer social support that are relatively strong (i.e., favorable) in comparison with those for adult-oriented sources and vice versa for lower scores. bHigher scores on this measure reflect ratings for peer-oriented sources of self-esteem that are relatively strong (i.e., favorable) in comparison with those for adult-oriented sources and vice versa for lower scores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-for-relations-of-social-2eg534ac.png Figure 1. Conceptual framework for relations of social support and self-esteem to adjustment during early adolescence. *Relative strength of peer-oriented vs. adult-oriented sources of social support/self-esteem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-models-for-within-informant-analyses-n-o5plkwvw.png Figure 2. Structural models for within-informant analyses (N 350). Path coefficients are unstandardized, and significance levels were determined by critical ratios on unstandardized coefficients (*p .05; **p .01; ***p .001). Hypothesized paths that did not reach or approach significance were included in both models but are not depicted for the sake of clarity. CFI comparative fit index; NFI normed fit index; RMSEA root mean square error of approximation. aHigher scores on this measure reflect ratings for peer social support that are relatively strong (i.e., favorable) in comparison with those for adult-oriented sources and vice versa for lower scores. bHigher scores on this measure reflect ratings for peer-oriented sources of self-esteem that are relatively strong (i.e., favorable) in comparison with those for adult-oriented sources and vice versa for lower scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mediational-chains-for-measures-of-social-support-3nwn95se.png Table 3 Mediational Chains for Measures of Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Adjustment in Latent Growth Modeling Analyses https://scispace.com/papers/ghost-lineages-deceive-introgression-tests-and-call-for-a-1tnrdjwv1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-effect-of-different-samplings-on-29h9jsri.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the effect of different samplings on the interpretation of the D-statistics using a genomic dataset of bears. A. The five bear species used in this experiment and their phylogenetic relationships. The grey arrow shows the introgression that was inferred from previous studies. B. Two samplings realized prior to computing the D-statistics test on the 4 remaining species. The number of ABBA and BABA patterns are displayed below the trees. In Sampling 1 a lineage that is not suspected to be involved in an introgression is removed. In Sampling 2, the donor of the suspected introgression is excluded. The introgressions inferred based on the usual way of interpreting the D-stats (grey arrows), and their compatibility with the introgression described in other studies (green tick and red cross) are indicated in the trees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-preferential-introgressions-with-closest-qk9xbk5w.png Fig. 4. Effect of preferential introgressions with closest relatives on the proportion of erroneous interpretation of D-statistics. A. Illustration of the effect of the α parameter, controlling the phylogenetic distance effect on introgressions. B. Relationship between the outgroup distance (x-axis) and the proportion of erroneous interpretations (y-axis) for different strengths of the phylogenetic distance effect as controlled by α (α = 0 -no effect-, 1, 10, 100 and 1000). For each parameter α, 100 species trees with 20 extant species were simulated and 100 introgressions were sampled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-two-possible-approaches-for-estimating-23yxuubo.png Fig. 7. Comparison of two possible approaches for estimating the proportion of erroneous interpretation of the D-statistics in this study : computation of the D-statistics based on simulated SNPs (Approach 1, x-axis) or simple inference based on the topology of the trees after introgression (approach 2, y-axis). The proportion of erroneous interpretation over 500 introgressions for a unique species tree (N=40, α=0, pex=0.5) was computed for each quartet (black dots). The dashed line represents the first diagonal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-data-simulated-for-testing-the-3qy34l28.png Fig. 6. Illustration of the data simulated for testing the impact of ghost lineages on the detection of introgression with the D-statistics. A species tree is simulated with a birth-death process (black and grey lines), an introgression is sampled (red dashed arrow), and for each possible quartet of species with topology (((P1,P2),P3),O) (blue lines and labels) the D-statistics is either computed (after simulation of loci, Approach 1), or inferred (Approach 2). If the D-statistics is not null, the type of introgression involved is characterized, either as ingroup if the introgression involves P1, P2, P3 or their close relatives as donor and receiver, or as midgroup if the introgression involves lineages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-taxonomic-sampling-on-the-proportion-of-1uk7c0sg.png Fig. 5. Effect of taxonomic sampling on the proportion of erroneous interpretation of D-statistics. Mean proportion of erroneous interpretations observed (y-axis) as a function of the taxonomic sampling effort (x-axis). For this simulation, the phylogenetic distance effect (α) was null and no filter was applied on the outgroup distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-introgression-events-that-can-result-in-a-detectable-1x33o50y.png Fig. 1. Introgression events that can result in a detectable excess of ABBA or BABA patterns as identified by the D-statistics test. The common interpretation of this excess is the hypothesis of an “ingroup” introgression (green arrows). However “midgroup” introgressions (red arrows) from ghost lineages can produce similar patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-outgroup-distance-on-the-proportion-of-24bjax0w.png Fig. 3. Effect of the outgroup distance on the proportion of erroneous interpretation of the D-statistics. Left: distances used to compute the relative distance of the outgroup (R). Right: proportion of erroneous interpretations observed (y-axis), as a function of the threshold for R above which quartets are considered (x-axis). https://scispace.com/papers/giant-mimivirus-r707-encodes-a-glycogenin-paralogue-4a58a8xqor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pcr-primers-used-to-construct-mutated-r707-3bs2h2gz.png TABLE I PCR primers used to construct mutated R707. Underlined bases mark the introduced mutations. F: forward primer, R: reverse primer. https://scispace.com/papers/gis-based-estimation-of-housing-amenities-the-case-of-high-fkq4w0xyvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-logans-location-in-utah-262gzdlj.png Figure 1. Map of Logan’s Location in Utah. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-lvalacln-dependent-variable-n9ybaj01.png Table 2. Estimation Results (lvalacln dependent variable). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-and-explanatory-variables-definitions-and-jis287or.png Table 1. Dependent and Explanatory Variables: Definitions and Descriptive Statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/give-me-letters-2-3-and-6-partial-password-implementations-1bawut2go9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-summary-of-next-challenge-attacks-on-partial-passwords-3kxlf63i.png Fig. 8. Summary of next-challenge attacks on partial passwords https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-projection-dictionary-attacks-for-rockyou-pins-and-2es0c8c6.png Fig. 5. Projection dictionary attacks for RockYou PINs and passwords https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-survey-of-partial-password-parameters-as-of-25-sept-1zr9kqs4.png Fig. 2. Survey of partial password parameters (as of 25 Sept 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projection-dictionary-attack-for-an-english-dictionary-c8qs64ny.png Fig. 4. Projection dictionary attack for an English dictionary https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-success-rates-for-recording-and-brute-force-guesses-n-25z87to4.png Fig. 7. Success rates for recording and brute force guesses, N=10 and N=36 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-letter-frequencies-by-position-for-rockyou-passwords-2roq0j1w.png Fig. 9. Letter frequencies by position for RockYou passwords https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probability-pmn-n-k-of-learning-password-l-or-smn-k-hxfu7vvp.png Fig. 6. Probability pmn (n, k) of learning password (L), or smn (k) next challenge (R). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-position-frequency-attack-for-rockyou-pins-and-3ue7ikg1.png Fig. 3. Position frequency attack for RockYou PINs and passwords https://scispace.com/papers/giving-up-cars-the-impact-of-a-mobility-experiment-on-carbon-4vyqcbmh8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-participating-households4-1o291c2v.png Table 1. Description of the participating households4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-different-transport-modes-kilometres-per-3pjdvd1h.png Figure 1. Changes in different transport modes (kilometres per person per week) and in GHG emissions (kilograms of CO2e per person per week) during the experiment. The range of GHG emissions is presented at the top of each bar. The first point (BEFORE) refers to time before giving up the cars. https://scispace.com/papers/glacial-in-situ-survival-in-the-western-alps-and-polytopic-52pfnxczz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-plastid-dna-regions-37mzclq2.png Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the plastid DNA regions sequenced in Biscutella laevigata and their multistate polymorphism. The thin horizontal line represents the scale in base pair and the broad line shows the DNA fragment. trnS-trnG and trnK-intron fragments show three types of polymorphism indicated at its position: SNPs (substitution, given by the base change); SSRs (microsatellites, with type and variation in repeat number); indels (insertions/deletions, indicated with their sizes). The alignment of a complex part is shown below trnS-trnG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-the-haplotypes-frequency-in-the-67-boqt7189.png Fig. 4 Distribution of the haplotypes frequency in the 67 populations of Biscutella laevigata in the Western Alps. Dashed lines in blue represent the extension of the ice sheet during the last glacial maximum and white lines delimit the natural biogeographical districts according to Theurillat et al. (1993). The putative refugia are delimited following Stehlik (2000). Therein, the south-facing slopes have been coloured to represent the putative perialpine refugia in orange (between 1500 and 2500 m) and the central nunataks in blue (between 2000 and 3000 m). The haplotypes are coloured according to Fig. 3 and summarized in the left panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-joining-network-with-maximum-parsimony-of-the-39smpam2.png Fig. 3 Median-joining network with maximum parsimony of the plastid haplotype of Biscutella laevigata in the Western Alps. Outgroups are figured as blue stars (diploids: DIDYMA for B. didyma; VARIA for B. laevigata ssp. varia; PRE1, PRE2 and PRE3 for B. prealpina; tetraploids: LUCIDA for B. laevigata ssp. lucida). The 21 haplotypes sampled in the Western Alps are coloured according to the lineage (A to F) they belong to and dashed differently. The size of the pie chart is proportional to the frequency of each sampled haplotype (small, 1–3 individuals; medium, 4–20 individuals; large, > 20 individuals). Median vectors (i.e. unsampled or extinct haplotypes) are presented as small black circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-diploid-and-polyploid-taxa-in-the-3npmbqpb.png Fig. 1 Distribution of diploid and polyploid taxa in the Biscutella laevigata autopolyploid complex, following Tremetsberger et al. (2002). Black, dark-grey and medium-grey areas delimit, respectively, the extension of the diploid taxa: B. laevigata ssp. austriaca, the northeastern diploid and northwestern diploid (incl. B. laevigata ssp. varia) evolutionary groups. Alpine tetraploid B. laevigata ssp. laevigata is figured in light-grey and the location of the southern diploid B. prealpina is shown by small squares. The study area (named the Western Alps) is delimited by a thick rectangle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-cpssr-markers-developed-in-3ndwdgal.png Table 1 Characteristics of the cpSSR markers developed in this study for Biscutella laevigata and transferable amongst the Brassicaceae. Size refers to the range of fragment length in B. laevigata https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpssr-profiles-of-the-21-haplotypes-sampled-in-2e8q8w2s.png Table 2 cpSSR profiles of the 21 haplotypes sampled in Biscutella laevigata. Capital letters represent the lineage of each haplotype in the Western Alps (Fig. 3) and VARIA, PRE 1–3, LUCIDA and DIDYMA show the six outgroups haplotypes (B. laevigata ssp. varia, B. prealpina, B. laevigata ssp. lucida and B. didyma, respectively). n stands for the number of individuals sequenced for each haplotype, and N represents the number of populations where corresponding haplotypes were found. The frequency of each haplotype in the Western Alps is presented below. *The haplotypes Ec1 and Ec2 had the same cpSSR profile but were shown to have slightly different DNA sequences (see text) https://scispace.com/papers/glacier-change-from-the-early-little-ice-age-to-2005-in-the-c9hgs7v4tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-topographic-variables-collected-in-this-study-to-o57m0d6d.png Table 1: Topographic variables collected in this study to evaluate geographic, topographic and meteorologic influences on ice masses in the Torngats. Table contains method of collection and reference for method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-torngat-glacier-change-from-the-173dp8an.png Table 2: Characteristics of Torngat glacier change from the LIA to 2005. Table includes total count (Count), cumulative area (∑Area, km 2 ), median area (Q2Area, km 2 ), minimum area (MinArea, km 2 ), maximum area (MaxArea, km 2 ), median length (Q2Length, km), mean minimum elevation (µMinElev, m asl), and mean compactness (µCompact, undefined). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-diameter-growth-rates-measured-on-lichens-in-this-30en3it7.png Table 5: Diameter growth rates measured on lichens in this study at the McCornick and Minaret growth stations compared to DGRs observed by Rogerson et al, 1986. Comparisons using the same range of lichen sizes are provided. All measurements are in mm/year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-mean-uchange-and-median-lia-glacier-3o84dhhe.png Table 4: Summary of mean (µChange (%)) and median LIA glacier change (Q2Change (%)) relative to the 8 dominant aspects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-matrix-cross-comparison-of-19dszphk.png Table 3: Pearson Correlation Matrix cross-comparison of glacier change and geographic, topographic and meteorologic variables for Torngat LIA glaciers. Table includes individual ice mass area, incoming solar radiation, ice mass latitude, mean/max/min elevation, distance to coastline, upslope area slope, ice mass length, mean backwall height, relative upslope area, and compactness. Table summarizes the correlation (R), the coefficient of determination and the number of degrees of freedom (DF) between variables and glacier change. Only statistically significant (95% confidence level (CL)), correlations are bolded and italicized in the table. https://scispace.com/papers/gliadin-based-nanoparticles-stabilization-by-post-production-2q0mn7alwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-stability-to-isothermal-storage-a-the-3u3sr8s1.png Table 1 Particle stability to isothermal storage. (a) The effect of long term isothermal storage temperature), and 1, 2 and 3 weeks of incubation at different temperatures (4, 23, 37 a suspension and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP) coated part mean values ± standard deviation. (b) The effect of long term isothermal storage (1 wee https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-production-an-tjywjj1h.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the production an https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-pectin-concentration-on-particle-properties-34avyw23.png Fig. 3. Effect of pectin concentration on particle properties. (a) z-potential of the particles in function of pectin concentration. (b) Diameter of the particles in function of pectin concentration. (c) Photographs show the effect of increasing pectin concentration on visual appearance and macroscale stability of the particle suspensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-influence-of-ph-on-the-z-potential-of-the-gliadin-lhtuaour.png Fig. 2. Influence of pH on the z-potential of the gliadin nanoparticles, octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) starch and low (LMP) and high (HMP) methoxyl pectin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmission-electron-microscope-images-of-uncoated-a-113bzfn6.png Fig. 4. Transmission electron microscope images of uncoated (a) and high methoxyl pectin coated protein particles (0.10 w/v% HMP) (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-particle-stability-in-different-salt-concentrations-19hsrcqy.png Fig. 5. Particle stability in different salt concentrations. Particle diameter was recorded 24 h after addition of NaCl to the particle suspensions, i.e. uncoated and coated with low methoxyl pectin (LMP, 0.10 w/v%) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP, 0.10 w/v%) at pH 5.5. aec; and aef represent Tukey groups with p < 0.05 for comparison of the evolution of the particle diameters of LMP and HMP coated gliadin particles, respectively, in function of NaCl concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-particle-stability-in-different-ph-conditions-a-the-316sr62i.png Fig. 6. Particle stability in different pH conditions. (a) The effect of pH on particle diameter of uncoated and coated with high methoxyl pectin (HMP, 0.10 w/v%) gliadin particles. The reported values were recorded 24 h after pH adjustment. aeb and aec represent Tukey groups with p < 0.05 for uncoated and HMP coated particles, respectively. (b) The effect of pH on macroscale stability of uncoated, low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and HMP coated gliadin particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-particle-stability-to-heat-processing-a-the-effect-of-ht1bmmto.png Fig. 7. Particle stability to heat processing. (a) The effect of heat processing on particle diameter. Particle diameter was recorded 24 h after the heat treatment of the different particle suspensions, i.e. uncoated particle suspension and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP) coated particle suspension (both 0.10 w/v% pectin) at pH 5.5. a; AeD and aeb represent Tukey groups with p < 0.05 for comparison of the evolution of the particle diameters per suspension type (i.e. uncoated, LMP and HMP) in function of temperature during heat processing. (b) The effect of heat processing on macroscale stability of uncoated, LMP and HMP coated gliadin particles. https://scispace.com/papers/global-aeroheating-measurements-of-shock-shock-interactions-3bzkld3kgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-left-images-a-to-c-show-the-primary-and-backup-2qquk32o.png Figure 4. The left images a) to c) show the primary and backup fused silica models and the metal oil flow models. The right images show d) a metal model (0.75-in. radius) and e) a fused silica model (0.50-in. radius) inserted in the tunnel with ultra-violet illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-non-dimensional-heat-transfer-coefficients-at-t-1-3l7b3uja.png Figure 16. Non-dimensional heat transfer coefficients at t = 1.8 s from the IHEAT code for a Type IV interaction for the three fused silica models at a -15° AoA for a) zoomed-out and b) zoomed-in data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-edney1-catalogued-six-types-of-shock-interactions-1n9awqyn.png Figure 1. a) Edney1 catalogued six types of shock interactions (IS = incident shock, BS = bow shock, RS = reflected shock, EF = expansion fan, TP = triple point, SL = shear layer, M∞ = free-stream Mach number). b) Photographic examples of these shock types (including Type IVa, but excluding Type VI) from Test 6692.11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-a-dimensional-and-b-non-dimensional-heat-transfer-1n3ek2t7.png Figure 22. a) Dimensional and b) non-dimensional heat transfer coefficients from the IHEAT, 1D FV, and 2D FV codes for a Type IV interaction for the 0.25-in. radius model at a -15° AoA and a unit Re∞ = 1.1 x106/ft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-diagram-of-x-l-locations-for-the-0-25-in-radius-jjj15rly.png Figure 6. a) Diagram of x/L locations for the 0.25-in. radius model. b) Heat transfer coefficients for the zoomed-in case for the same model at a -15° AoA and a unit Re∞ = 1.1 x106/ft (using two reference values). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-non-dimensional-heat-transfer-coefficients-at-t-1-gdanjqsb.png Figure 21. Non-dimensional heat transfer coefficients at t = 1.8 s from the IHEAT code for a Type III interaction for the three fused silica models at a -25° AoA for a) zoomed-out and b) zoomed-in data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-non-dimensional-heat-transfer-coefficients-at-t-1-33csx00r.png Figure 11. Non-dimensional heat transfer coefficients at t = 1.8 s from the IHEAT code for a Type IVa interaction for the three fused silica models at a 0° AoA for a) zoomed-out and b) zoomed-in data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-iheat-ch-ch-fr-contour-maps-of-a-type-iii-3tbkjd1u.png Figure 19. IHEAT ch/ch,FR contour maps of a Type III interaction for a) 0.25-, b) 0.50-, and c) 0.75-in. radius models at a -25° AoA. https://scispace.com/papers/global-analysis-of-genes-regulated-by-hoxa10-in-1mnlpj5sbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hoxa10-knockdown-in-decidualizing-hescs-hesc-were-2o985r1j.png Figure 1: HOXA10 knockdown in decidualizing HESCs. HESC were transfected with siRNA to HOXA10 (siHOXA10) or to the luciferase gene as a control (siCTRL). Cells were then treated with H þ cAMP for 48 h. HOXA10 mRNA (A) and protein (B) were measured by real-time PCR or western blot to verify knockdown of HOXA10. Data are expressed as fold changes compared with the siCTRL and no treatment and presented as the mean+SEM of three experiments for (A) or representative of three experiments for (B). Statistical differences are noted as ‘a’. P , 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/global-and-local-sources-of-risk-in-eastern-european-2xjuvreo57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-12-month-rolling-correlation-between-world-equity-1ulphr46.png Figure 1 12-month Rolling Correlation between World Equity Market and Local Equity Markets as Well as Emerging Markets Aggregate Index Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-explanatory-power-of-the-model-with-time-varying-2thbxuwy.png Table 8. The explanatory power of the model with time-varying betas decreases slightly on average compared to the previous model. Somewhat surprisingly, the selected information variable is not found to be cross-sectionally significantly related to any of the risk factors at the standard significance level (the highest p-value is 6. % for the emerging market risk factor). Moreover, the unconditional world market risk is found to be significant for only two of the sample countries, showing evidence of segmentation. Thus, we re-estimate the model with just two risk factors. Again the beta is allowed to be time-varying. The results are reported in Table 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-market-capitalizations-1995-and-2005-end-of-1u2bzg8l.png Table 1 Sample Market Capitalizations, 1995 and 2005 End-of-period levels (USD million) https://scispace.com/papers/global-composition-of-the-bacteriophage-community-in-uo4kynkbwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phages-from-bees-more-readily-cluster-with-one-3mddl7pn.png Figure 4. Phages from bees more readily cluster with one another than with phage sequences in reference databases. Panel (A) shows the incorporation of individual phage contigs into clusters. The composition of the final set of clusters, based on what phages are in these clusters, is shown in (B). For example, there are 9 clusters containing phages only from the Swiss data set. There are 13 (9+4) clusters with phages from all three honey bee phage viromes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phages-from-texas-honey-bees-mostly-form-small-17rxdt59.png Figure 5. Phages from Texas honey bees mostly form small clusters of only Texas honey bee phages. A total of 96 vContact2 clusters containing 184 Texas honey bee phages contigs are shown. Circle size is proportional to the number of phage genomes in a cluster. The proportion of phage genomes from each of the four sources of phage genomes is shown. VC_106 (see Fig 6) is circled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metagenomic-assembly-metrics-5y48hb16.png Table 1. Metagenomic assembly metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-length-and-abundance-of-contigs-identified-as-tnc51wga.png Figure 1. Length and abundance of contigs identified as bacteriophage. Lifestyle was determined using Vibrant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alignment-of-bifidobacteria-infecting-myovirus-ethe6whd.png Figure 6. Alignment of Bifidobacteria infecting Myovirus genome from cluster VC_106. Clinker (Gilchrist et al. 2020) was used for genome ordering and visualization. A cutoff of 30% sequence identity was used for plotting connections between genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-diagram-showing-clusters-of-texas-honeybee-1t53ypvn.png Figure 2. Network diagram showing clusters of Texas honeybee phages classified by host (top) and viral taxonomy (bottom). Clustering is based on similarity between protein-coding genes among viral contigs. Phages from Deboutte et al. (2020) and Bonilla-Rosso et al. (2020) are shown in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-characterization-of-the-bee-phage-community-the-1zk9fvuj.png Figure 3. Characterization of the bee phage community. The number of phages identified is shown in panels (A) and (D). The read coverage of individual phage contigs are shown in (B) and (E). The relative abundance (read coverage) of phages by host usage and taxonomy is shown in (C) and (F). https://scispace.com/papers/global-interpersonal-inequality-trends-and-measurement-4h6p3p9qj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-countries-covered-in-2005-1bm5o2ix.png Table 13: Countries covered in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-countries-covered-in-1995-3bdewsfa.png Table 12: Countries covered in 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-countries-covered-in-1975-35grb698.png Table 10: Countries covered in 1975 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-countries-covered-in-1985-37uuofup.png Table 11: Countries covered in 1985 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ginis-and-gdp-per-capita-in-latin-american-and-3th02cpp.png Table 5: Ginis and GDP per capita in Latin American and Caribbean countries in 1975 and 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-converting-consumption-quantile-shares-to-income-16c624dy.png Table 1: Converting consumption quantile shares to income quantile shares https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ginis-and-gdp-per-capita-in-african-and-middle-cnifnsrk.png Table 6: Ginis and GDP per capita in African and Middle Eastern countries in 1975 and 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ginis-and-gdp-per-capita-in-asian-countries-in-1975-1ps2ba4j.png Table 7: Ginis and GDP per capita in Asian countries in 1975 and 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/global-local-structural-optimization-of-transportation-3rqzd4jvt4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-local-optimizations-global-local-cycles-optimum-2n5l62ru.png Figure 15. Local Optimizations: Global-Local Cycles-Optimum panel layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-explicit-skin-stringer-and-equivalent-layered-shell-2aprnsgn.png Figure 2. Explicit skin-stringer and Equivalent layered shell model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-doe-boundaries-for-the-local-optimization-24m1ci2a.png Table 1. DOE boundaries for the local optimization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-local-optimization-for-the-root-panel-1mzbj6lj.png Figure 12. Local Optimization for the Root Panel https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-local-panels-initial-properties-12sh4b6y.png Table 3. Local panels initial properties https://scispace.com/papers/global-production-increased-by-spatial-heterogeneity-in-a-7ligkcmenn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-the-aggregated-model-and-2s5mt5q2.png Figure 4. Comparison between the aggregated model and simulations of the random dynamical system when growth rates are random variables. The red line draws the aggregated model. The black lines represent a variability interval calculated over 100 simulations. At time, the lower bound is the 0.025- quantile and the upper bound is the 0.975-quantile. The blue dashed line is the mean trajectory of 100 simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-aggregated-model-and-3b18zbjz.png Figure 3. Comparison between the aggregated model and simulations of the random perturbed dynamical system (Wiener process,δ1 = δ2 = 3). The red line draws the aggregated model. The black lines represent a variability interval calculated over 100 simulations. At timet , the lower bound is the 0.025-quantile and the upper bound is the 0.975-quantile. The blue dashed line is the mean trajectory of 100 simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-parameters-with-their-definitions-their-2wrn6r2s.png Table 1. List of parameters with their definitions, their notations and their numerical values used in the simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-the-simulations-obtained-with-631tnqb4.png Figure 2. Comparison between the simulations obtained with and without migrations. The blue curve results from the complete model. The green curve is obtained by vanishing the migration rates in order to describe the dynamics resulting from the juxtaposition of two homogeneous environment and by summing the local densities. The total carrying capacity with migrations is higher that the sum of the local carrying capacities. The parameter values are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-the-aggregated-model-and-the-sum-of-the-39io3ezq.png Figure 1. Comparison the aggregated model and the sum of the local densities obtained with the complete model. The blue curve illustrates the simulation with the aggregated model while the green one has been obtained by summing the variables solved from the complete two dimensional system. Both curves are very close whenε is small enough. The parameter values are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/global-skin-friction-measurements-using-particle-image-16t43604r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-nasas-common-research-model-crm-s5ti1b2k.png Figure 5. Schematic of NASA’s Common Research Model (CRM) detailing where on the model data was taken. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-developed-oil-film-downstream-of-trip-dots-2fe4o337.png Figure 6. Developed oil-film downstream of trip dots. Skinfriction is seen to vary radically in the spanwise direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-skin-friction-lines-produced-from-a-pair-of-1ajyvl5m.png Figure 8. Skin-friction lines produced from a pair of particle images using optical flow techniques. An oil-film thickness distribution image, ℎ, is in the background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-major-components-of-the-experiment-system-3nrdpl43.png Figure 1. Major components of the experiment system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-map-showing-values-from-the-pisfvluminescent-oil-321z3o3c.png Figure 10. Map showing 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓-values from the PISFVLuminescent Oil-Film technique together with the percent by which those values differ from the 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 values obtained using the FISF technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9b-the-distance-between-the-destructive-interference-2mpw7prv.png Figure 9b. The distance, 𝛥𝛥𝑠𝑠, between the destructive interference bands is proportional to the thickness of the oil, which is proportional to the skin-friction. This is evident in the image to the left, where the destructive interference bands are far apart in the region of high skinfriction (A), but closer together in the region of lower skin-friction (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9a-raw-data-image-taken-for-fringe-imaging-3m9dsawx.png Figure 9b. The distance, 𝛥𝛥𝑠𝑠, between the destructive interference bands is proportional to the thickness of the oil, which is proportional to the skin-friction. This is evident in the image to the left, where the destructive interference bands are far apart in the region of high skinfriction (A), but closer together in the region of lower skin-friction (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-image-sequence-optical-filters-kagqgrdz.png Figure 2. Illustration of image sequence. Optical filters alternate so that particle images and luminescent oil-film images are acquired in alternating frames. https://scispace.com/papers/global-snow-mass-measurements-and-the-effect-of-2kf4f4pg0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-absolute-error-in-swe-introduced-via-16z60ugh.png Figure 10 Absolute error in SWE introduced via simplification of the Cold Land Processes 1007 Experiment (CLPX) pit stratigraphy from N-layers to fewer layers, as a function of total Snow Water 1008 Equivalent (SWE). Lines represent output using a one- (dotted line), two- (dashed line) or three-layer 1009 (solid line) snow profile. 1010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-the-how-snowpit-data-were-restructured-25qvev96.png Figure 4 Example of the how snowpit data were restructured. The left hand bar represents the 962 observation profile where depth and temperature are recorded for each 10 cm of the snow. The N-963 layer resampling maintains 10 cm layer thicknesses but adds a 2 cm interaction layer at the surface, as 964 is common in a number of Land Surface Models' snow schemes. The other layering schemes apply a 2 965 cm top layer and then evenly split the remaining snow depth, with density, snow and grain size mass-966 weighted according to the observations. All layer structures from 1 to 5 inclusive were calculated, but 967 only 1 and 5 are shown here for simplicity. 968 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-count-of-snowpits-by-depth-for-each-intensive-3b8nqepu.png Figure 5 Count of snowpits by depth for each Intensive Observation Period (IOP). 972 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brightness-temperature-difference-retrievals-for-3mmumnp2.png Figure 6 Brightness temperature difference retrievals for Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) 976 (triangles), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) 977 (squares) and the average simulated snowpit data processed through the Helsinki University of 978 Technology (HUT) microwave emission model. HUT simulations are provided for the N-layer case 979 (circles) and for a single layer case where all properties were averaged to one layer (triangles). 980 Caption in bottom right identifies marker shapes and line styles. 981 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-brightness-temperature-difference-for-each-31g997rk.png Table 4 Average brightness temperature difference for each Intensive Observation Period (IOP) as 918 simulated by inverting the Chang algorithm, using different numbers of layers in the Helsinki 919 University of Technology (HUT) microwave emission model, and the average retrievals for Advanced 920 Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and Special Sensor Microwave 921 Imager (SSM/I). 922 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bias-in-simulated-brightness-temperature-difference-1xq873t1.png Figure 9 Bias in simulated brightness temperature difference for snow profiles of thicker layers, 1001 relative to an N-layer model with 10 cm layer thicknesses (left), , where error bars are 2-sigma (left). 1002 The standard deviation of brightness temperature difference relative to an N-layer model is quantified 1003 as a function of layer size (right), with an approximately linear increase in simulated brightness 1004 temperature difference error as snow stratigraphy is simplified into thicker layers. 1005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chang-sensitivity-calculated-from-the-trend-in-gwro2d0q.png Table 2 Chang Sensitivity calculated from the trend in brightness temperature difference for the first 903 100 mm of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) for grain diameters of 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm. The snow and 904 surface properties used are those from Figure 1. 905 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-snow-input-data-for-each-intensive-cz73hl6y.png Table 3 Summary of snow input data for each Intensive Observation Period (IOP) split by Mesoscale 907 Study Area (MSA). 908 https://scispace.com/papers/globalization-and-similarities-in-corporate-governance-a-2rbuod5l2x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dyadic-analysis-of-clsa-de-facto-data-33y404zi.png Table 3: Dyadic Analysis of CLSA (de facto) data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-analysis-on-pairwise-explanatory-variables-3h1jin55.png Table 2: Factor Analysis on Pairwise Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dyadic-analysis-of-la-porta-de-jure-country-data-3k0epnrl.png Table 1: Dyadic Analysis of La Porta (de jure) country data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dyadic-analysis-apples-vs-apples-countries-1i9y34sz.png Table 4: Dyadic Analysis (Apples vs. Apples countries) https://scispace.com/papers/globalization-and-similarities-in-corporate-governance-a-4hxznep6dl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dyadic-analysis-of-clsa-de-facto-data-1vnlz0lw.png Table 3: Dyadic Analysis of CLSA (de facto) data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-analysis-on-pairwise-explanatory-variables-3cn84rfo.png Table 2: Factor Analysis on Pairwise Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dyadic-analysis-of-la-porta-de-jure-country-data-23wpcv6u.png Table 1: Dyadic Analysis of La Porta (de jure) country data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dyadic-analysis-apples-vs-apples-countries-3lk5cuyw.png Table 4: Dyadic Analysis (Apples vs. Apples countries) https://scispace.com/papers/globalization-and-the-empowerment-of-women-an-analysis-of-4ue5u8rw6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-vyd32zir.png Table 3. Correlation matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-for-womens-economic-rights-5z0b8t99.png Table 4. Estimation results for women’s economic rights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-for-low-income-and-middle-income-4pfqn5hu.png Table 6. Estimation results for low-income and middle-income countries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-for-womens-social-rights-3my3seo4.png Table 5. Estimation results for women’s social rights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-descriptive-variable-statistics-2bqb2ev7.png Table 2. Summary Descriptive Variable Statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/glucose-tolerance-test-in-the-assessment-of-endocrine-2wegtkxvjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-serum-insulin-concentrations-miu-l-in-healthy-and-1j84nrvo.png Figure 2. Serum insulin concentrations (mIU/L) in healthy and cows suffering from left displacement of abomasums (LDA) before and after intravenous administration of glucose solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-blood-glucose-concentrations-mmol-l-in-healthy-and-2j5dodyk.png Figure 1. Blood glucose concentrations (mmol/L) in healthy and cows suffering from left displacement of abomasums (LDA) before and after intravenous administration of glucose solution https://scispace.com/papers/glutamate-receptors-on-myelinated-spinal-cord-axons-ii-ampa-2v81tb3s7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-change-in-ca2-in-dorsal-column-axons-in-response-to-2jqe08vo.png Fig 1. Change in [Ca2 ] in dorsal column axons in response to glutamate receptor 5 (GluR5) or -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor activation. (A) Representative time course of axonal Ca2 increase in response to bath application of the GluR5 kainate receptor agonist (RS)-2amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (ATPA). The “green/red ratio” plot (black line) is the raw Ca2 -dependent fluorescence (“Ca fluor”; light gray line) corrected for the modest rundown estimated by signal from the Ca2 -independent Texas Red dextran dye (“ref fluor”; dark gray line). (B) Bar graph showing percentage change ( standard deviation) of axonal Ca2 -dependent fluorescence after 30 minutes of agonist exposure. Activating GluR5 receptors with ATPA, or AMPA receptors using AMPA, induced a robust axonal Ca2 increase that displayed the expected selectivity in response to antagonists. *p 10 5 compared with respective agonist controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-glutamate-receptor-5-glur5-but-not-amino-3hydroxy-5-63h4cgxk.png Fig 3. Glutamate receptor 5 (GluR5), but not -amino-3hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA; grey bars), receptor-induced axonal Ca2 responses partially depended on intraaxonal nitric oxide (NO). Intraaxonal loading of the NO scavenger myoglobin significantly reduced the Ca2 response induced by (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4yl)propanoic acid (ATPA; black bars), but not by AMPA. Extracellular application of myoglobin did not reduce axonal Ca2 increase induced by ATPA, suggesting an intraaxonal production of NO in response to GluR5 activation. Removal of bath Ca2 or intraaxonal myoglobin was remarkably similar. In addition, combined removal of bath Ca2 and intraaxonal myoglobin was not additive, suggesting a common mechanism. *p 10 5 compared with respective agonist controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-glutamate-receptor-5-glur5-and-amino-3hydroxy-5-methyl-18lq0fuc.png Fig 2. Glutamate receptor 5 (GluR5) and -amino-3hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors promote Ca2 release from internal stores. (A) Ca2 -free perfusate significantly reduced but did not eliminate (RS)-2amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (ATPA)–induced Ca2 increase, pointing to a role of intracellular stores. Nimodipine, an L-type, voltage-gated, Ca2 channel blocker, was ineffective in reducing ATPA responses. Loading the axons with pertussis toxin (PTX) to inhibit G-protein signaling, inhibition of phospholipase C (U73122), or blocking inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [2-APB]) each greatly reduced the ATPA-induced Ca2 increase, indicating a G-protein–coupled mechanism leading to release from IP3-dependent Ca2 stores. (B) In contrast, the AMPA-induced Ca2 response was abolished by removal of external Ca2 , whereas nimodipine was ineffective. Blocking ryanodine receptors directly strongly reduced Ca2 responses induced by AMPA even in the presence of 2mM bath Ca2 , suggesting that most of the agonist-induced Ca2 increase is due to release from ryanodine-sensitive Ca2 stores, rather than from influx across the axolemma. *p 10 5 compared with respective agonist controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-glutamate-receptor-4-glur4-containing-amino-3-hydroxy-37q4xslu.png Fig 4. Glutamate receptor 4 (GluR4)–containing -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and GluR5containing kainate receptors are present on the internodal axolemma. (A) Immunolabeled dorsal column axons showing punctate regions of GluR4 clusters at the surface of neurofilament-stained axon cylinders. (B) Representative control section with primary antibodies omitted showed little nonspecific labeling. (C) Immunogold labeling using GluR4 primary antibody showed signal at the axolemma in a myelinated internode (arrow). (D–F) Triple-immunolabeled dorsal column axons showed occasional punctate regions of colocalized GluR5 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) clusters at the surface of neurofilament-stained axon cylinders. (G) Immunogold labeling using GluR5 primary antibody confirmed signal at the axolemma in a myelinated internode. Occasional intraaxonal signal was also seen. (H) Immunoprecipitation with GluR5 antibody showed a specific interaction between this kainate receptor and nNOS, in agreement with their functional link (see Fig 3). Lane 1 whole dorsal column lysate probed with nNOS antibody showed an expected main band at approximately 160kDa. Lane 2 beads dorsal column lysate (no GluR5 antibody) showed no nonspecific nNOS signal. Lane 3 beads GluR5 precipitating antibody (no dorsal column lysate) showed no nNOS signal. Lane 4 immunoprecipitation with GluR5 antibody and immunoblot with nNOS showed a single specific nNOS-reactive band at the expected molecular weight. ax axon; my myelin; NF160 neurofilament 160. IB immunoblot. Scale bars panels A, D: 2 m. C, G: 100 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/governance-learning-building-a-network-around-managerial-30069bcwl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensegiving-15squxvp.png Figure 3: sensegiving https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-instrument-seizing-23qw7h8e.png Figure 2: instrument seizing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sensemaking-12t0rzfw.png Figure 1: sensemaking https://scispace.com/papers/governance-maturity-grid-a-transition-method-for-integrating-358too6bv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-survey-for-interviews-2t3qnk2t.png Table 10 Survey for interviews. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ambition-maturity-grid-9rmy1o23.png Table 7 Ambition maturity grid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-process-areas-principles-to-define-ideal-w0gwrq9w.png Table 6 Process areas principles to define ideal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-selection-of-key-factors-for-intangible-integration-2sjdcqri.png Table 4 Selection of key factors for intangible integration in governance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-five-levels-of-maturity-for-sustainability-2vo8srk2.png Table 3 Five levels of maturity for sustainability integration into governance adapted from Willard (2005), Gherra (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-five-levels-of-maturity-for-intangible-integration-2nxvpmkj.png Table 5 Five levels of maturity for intangible integration into governance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-company-b-initial-assessment-and-strategic-objectives-1eend68u.png Fig. 3. Company B initial assessment and strategic objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-company-a-initial-assessment-and-strategic-objectives-3iz0omtb.png Fig. 2. Company A initial assessment and strategic objectives. https://scispace.com/papers/governing-through-care-a-qualitative-assessment-of-team-play-4qfqiaglvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-clusters-of-qualitative-data-3k2cnzs5.png Table 1 Three clusters of qualitative data https://scispace.com/papers/government-spending-multipliers-in-un-certain-times-4sglqnm1b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-state-covariances-of-ms-2-svar-5-model-15hari3h.png Table 2: Estimated state covariances of MS(2)-SVAR(5) model with yt = [gt, xt, rt] ′. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-and-standard-errors-of-relative-variances-2ye8dxrv.png Table 3: Estimates and standard errors of relative variances of the MS(2)-SVAR(5) model. Note: The standard errors are obtained from the inverse of the negative Hessian evaluated at the optimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-responses-of-the-baseline-specification-30g1yi1v.png Figure 4: Impulse responses of the baseline specification. Notes: 90% confidence bands constructed by a wild bootstrap; quarterly frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-robustness-of-the-estimated-government-spending-1egbepvy.png Figure 8: Robustness of the estimated government spending multiplier. Notes: The figure shows the cumulative spending multipliers of the baseline model (thick line) together with its 90% confidence bands and of a model that controls for fiscal foresight using forecast errors (thin dashed line), for the zero lower bound excluding the data after 2007 (thin dotted line) and for taxes (asterisked line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-difference-between-state-dependent-government-69jzl1ae.png Figure 12: Difference between state-dependent government spending multipliers. Notes: The figure shows the difference between the government spending multiplier in the low volatility regime (left panel of Figure 11) and in the high volatility regime (right panel of Figure 11). The solid line and shaded area correspond to the point estimate and 90% confidence bands, respectively, for decomposition (5) and the dashed line refers to the difference between the statedependent point estimates implied by a Cholesky decomposition with ordering yt = [gt, xt, rt] ′ as displayed in Figure 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-state-dependent-government-spending-multipliers-3io15xm6.png Figure 11: State-dependent government spending multipliers. Notes: The figure shows the government spending multiplier in the low volatility regime (left panel) and in the high volatility regime (right panel). The solid line and shaded area correspond to the point estimate and 90% confidence bands, respectively, for decomposition (5) and the dashed line refers to the point estimate implied by a Cholesky decomposition with ordering yt = [gt, xt, rt] ′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-state-dependent-responses-to-government-spending-2oy06lpp.png Figure 10: State-dependent responses to government spending shock. Notes: The figure shows the responses to a government spending shock of one standard deviation in the low volatility regime (left column) and in the high volatility regime (right column). 90% confidence bands constructed by a wild bootstrap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lr-tests-note-the-table-shows-the-null-and-32rbqc1u.png Table 5: LR tests. Note: The table shows the null and alternative hypothesis for tests of R1 and R2 on the B-matrix and the associated degrees of freedom (df) and p-values. https://scispace.com/papers/government-intervention-in-the-housing-market-who-wins-who-1nuj44ksbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stationary-welfare-effects-model-with-tax-on-imputed-ltta4nd2.png Table 4: Stationary Welfare Effects – Model with Tax on Imputed Rents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stylized-model-of-the-housing-market-1pmpyitz.png Figure 1: Stylized Model of the Housing Market https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-quantity-and-price-effects-in-stationary-equilibrium-2cue4wqo.png Table 8: Quantity and Price Effects in Stationary Equilibrium (Fixed H) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stationary-welfare-effects-model-with-no-mortgage-388wuq8i.png Table 5: Stationary Welfare Effects – Model with No Mortgage Interest Deductibility https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-defined-parameter-values-1vmhz1j6.png Table 1: Pre-Defined Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-immediate-welfare-effects-model-with-tax-on-imputed-39tunb8d.png Table 6: Immediate Welfare Effects – Model with Tax on Imputed Rents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transition-dynamics-model-with-tax-on-imputed-rents-px4ebyi4.png Figure 3: Transition Dynamics – Model with Tax on Imputed Rents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantity-and-price-effects-in-stationary-equilibrium-1css2255.png Table 3: Quantity and Price Effects in Stationary Equilibrium https://scispace.com/papers/grace-a-compressed-communication-framework-for-distributed-37muvau1ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-benchmarks-and-quality-metrics-used-27nlq8er.png TABLE II: Summary of the benchmarks and quality metrics used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-1-accuracy-for-vgg16-on-cifar-10-with-tensorflow-2zsc0bkm.png Fig. 1: Top-1 accuracy for VGG16 on CIFAR-10 with TensorFlow on 8 workers via 25 Gbps network links. In (b) Randk converges in 450s, but 8-bit quantization needs 1200s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-latency-of-compress-and-decompress-for-different-2yswxykg.png Fig. 8: Latency of compress and decompress for different compressors with a range of input sizes. Thr esh https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-performance-of-compressors-for-resnet-50-on-imagenet-171nasyq.png Fig. 10: Performance of compressors for ResNet-50 on ImageNet via 1 Gbps network. Legend in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-throughput-for-resnet-9-on-cifar10-contrasting-tcp-vs-27gmqr56.png Fig. 9: Throughput for ResNet-9 on CIFAR10 contrasting TCP vs. RDMA performance in PyTorch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-classification-of-surveyed-gradient-compression-h2pivs4s.png TABLE I: Classification of surveyed gradient compression methods. Note that ‖g̃‖0 and ‖g‖0 are the number of elements in the compressed and uncompressed gradient, respectively; nature of operator Q is random or deterministic; EF-On indicates if error feedback is used in our experiments. We implement 16 methods on TensorFlow and PyTorch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-top-k-compression-20-of-the-gradient-3jb551j7.png Fig. 4: Example Top-k compression: 20% of the gradient components and corresponding indices are sent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-qsgd-example-with-s-4-l-3-the-possible-code-words-are-35ogu83f.png Fig. 3: QSGD example with s = 4, l = 3. The possible code-words are 0, 1 4 , 1 2 , 3 4 , 1 and are represented by 3-bits. https://scispace.com/papers/grain-refinement-in-technically-pure-aluminium-plates-using-21uur4sptk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-incremental-shear-in-i-ecap-where-1-3u0bch4p.png Fig. 1 Schematics of incremental shear in I-ECAP where 1 indicates material element deformed by shearing (a) tool – billet arrangement (b) deformation of basic volume element https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ebsd-orientation-maps-presenting-the-most-8yf4ol2v.png Fig. 3 EBSD orientation maps presenting the most characteristic features of deformed aluminum in plane X, Y and Z after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 passes of I-ECAP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-selected-tem-images-presenting-characteristic-features-3dmlcgav.png Fig. 5 Selected TEM images presenting characteristic features of deformation structures in I-ECAP with rotation about Z axis: (a) 1Y (b) 2Z (c) 4Y (arrows indicate selected https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tools-configuration-and-schematic-of-applied-d-f8j9cd8r.png Fig. 2 Tools configuration and schematic of applied d formation route https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-i-ecap-with-other-techniques-grain-gaeyhes4.png Table 4 - Comparison of I-ECAP with other techniques; grain size measured by TEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-microhardness-values-measured-on-different-pla-es-of-1z2zbltw.png Table 3 - Microhardness values measured on different pla es of plates produced by IECAP, SD – standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fraction-of-ultrafine-grains-measured-on-planes-x-y-qrndwe2u.png Table 1 - Fraction of ultrafine grains measured on planes X, Y and Z after different number of passes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-misorientation-angle-distribution-on-different-planes-3h9k2b0b.png Fig. 4 Misorientation angle distribution on different planes from EBSD measurements (a) X plane (b) Y plane (c) Z plane https://scispace.com/papers/gradient-based-optimization-of-a-rotating-algal-biofilm-2487z2fsmp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-rab-in-this-case-the-169ks59l.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the RAB. In this case the belt folding ratio is 1/3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-used-for-the-simulations-17l645hf.png Table 1 Parameter values used for the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-evolution-of-the-cost-function-j-in-54-solid-lines-rp1k4kat.png Fig. A.1. Evolution of the cost function J in (54) (solid lines) and of the parameter N (dashed lines) with respect to the iteration for different homogeneous initial conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-2-evolution-of-the-cost-function-j-in-54-solid-line-2nziys02.png Fig. A.2. Evolution of the cost function J in (54) (solid line) and of the parameter N (dashed line) with respect to the iteration for homogeneous initial conditions when optimizing only N for a velocity equal to 0.001 m.s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-3-evolution-of-the-cost-function-j-in-54-solid-line-2esizknh.png Fig. A.3. Evolution of the cost function J in (54) (solid line) and of the parameter N (dashed line) with respect to the iteration for non-homogeneous initial conditions for the biomass density given in (68) and (69) and the photoinhibition rate given in (70) and (71). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gain-between-a-fixed-biofilm-permanently-exposed-to-modl1dkt.png Fig. 3. Gain [%] between a fixed biofilm permanently exposed to light and the RAB (solid line) and the average N (dashed line) in function of different maximum light intensity I0 in (29). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-velocity-found-when-allowing-a-deviation-of-5-with-f8v5wrcg.png Fig. 2. Velocity found when allowing a deviation of 5 % with respect to the optimal productivity for an initial condition C0i = 0.3. https://scispace.com/papers/graph-database-indexing-using-structured-graph-decomposition-jnnrn9k56d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-graph-database-2zc457jy.png Figure 1. A graph database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-index-size-a-and-construction-time-b-1laz06fw.png Figure 4. Index Size(a) and Construction Time(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-decomposition-of-a-complete-graph-3mdl9p9o.png Figure 2. Decomposition of a complete graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-subgraph-isomorphism-query-time-a-range-similarity-5gs39eik.png Figure 5. Subgraph Isomorphism Query Time(a), Range Similarity Query (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-index-size-a-and-construction-time-b-2ifps422.png Figure 6. Index Size(a) and Construction Time(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-subgraph-isomorphism-query-time-a-range-similarity-1324tw2n.png Figure 7. Subgraph Isomorphism Query Time(a), Range Similarity Query Time(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-graph-database-dag-1y6f1hsr.png Figure 3. A graph database DAG. https://scispace.com/papers/graph-edit-distance-from-spectral-seriation-4hf6gzo631 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-precision-recall-plots-for-the-database-of-trademark-3cn5j5fj.png Fig 15. Precision-recall plots for the database of trademark logos. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structural-sensitivity-plots-a-edit-distance-versus-37b3rjnj.png Fig. 6. Structural sensitivity plots. (a) Edit distance versus nodes detected. (b) Correspondence error versus nodes deleted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-distance-matrix-and-b-mds-plot-for-our-set-of-random-1fyejw5e.png Fig. 7. (a) Distance matrix and (b) MDS plot for our set of random graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eigenspace-projections-for-each-of-the-distance-2esb8jf1.png Fig. 4. Eigenspace projections for each of the distance matrices used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-similarity-matrices-for-the-clustering-process-xa3k8mjz.png Fig. 5. Final similarity matrices for the clustering process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-top-row-input-query-images-bottom-rows-search-results-12rpz9qn.png Fig. 14. Top row: input query images; bottom rows: search results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-example-image-polygonalization-results-and-delaunay-9uvkdycp.png Fig. 11. Example image, polygonalization results, and Delaunay triangulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-multidimensional-scaling-applied-to-the-matrix-of-lkwd1q4h.png Fig. 12. Multidimensional scaling applied to the matrix of edit distances for the logos. https://scispace.com/papers/graph-query-suggestions-for-knowledge-graph-exploration-3jbw1nk61z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-avg-ndcg-for-the-kg-contextualization-data-43-1px1hd7u.png Table 2: Avg. NDCG for the KG Contextualization data [43]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ndcg-score-at-top-1-to-top20-when-the-starting-31gskeo5.png Figure 4: NDCG score at top-1 to top20 when the starting query contains 2 or more Edges (3+ Entities) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ndcg-score-at-top-1-to-top20-when-the-starting-1d63rnto.png Figure 3: NDCG score at top-1 to top20 when the starting query contains 1 Edge (2 Entities) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ndcg-score-at-top-1-to-top20-when-the-starting-w35ox8l6.png Figure 2: NDCG score at top-1 to top20 when the starting query contains 1 Entity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outline-of-related-work-in-terms-of-fulfilled-and-3mkrepws.png Table 1: Outline of related work in terms of fulfilled (✔) and missing (✘) properties of query expansions for exploratory search. Our method is the only one for graphs that requires no external source or training data to produce query expansions on structured queries, assisting the user interactively using solely information in the data (data-driven). Additionally, our suggestions embed the full extent of example-based approaches, which consider the query a representative of the results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-query-steps-for-einstein-academic-education-1owp337k.png Figure 1: Query steps for “Einstein Academic Education”. https://scispace.com/papers/graph-theoretic-confirmation-of-restructuring-during-insight-1o2cuniqoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-product-moment-correlations-between-the-350rczmu.png Table 1. Pearson product-moment correlations between the graph-distance matrices offive groups and the solvers' and nonsolvers' graph·distance matrices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transitions-in-judged-dissimilarity-as-a-function-of-2gndcls6.png Fig. 3. Transitions in judged dissimilarity as a function of the subject's phase in the problem-solving process for concept pairs that were linked in Experiment 1 in al1 Pathfinder graphs (related), in no Pathfinder graphs (unrelated), or in only the solvers' Pathfinder graph (insight). Naive = before hearing the puzzle; story = after hearing the puzzle; solved-2 = 10 min before solved-I; solved-l = before solving the puzzle; solved = after solving the puzzle. The amount of time between the story condition and the solved-2 condition depended o"n the amount of time the subject took to solve the puzzle. https://scispace.com/papers/graphene-field-effect-transistors-for-millimeter-wave-46brp5dyqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drain-current-density-jds-and-differential-drain-2w0y9bgt.png Fig. 2. Drain current density (jds) and differential drain conductivity (gds-diff) versus intrinsic drain field (Eint) of a GFET with Lg=500 nm and Wg=30 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extrinsic-maximum-frequency-of-oscillation-fmax-versus-18n4p2kr.png Fig. 1. Extrinsic maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) versus gate length of GFETs analyzed in this work (circles) shown together with the highest previously published extrinsic fmax of GFETs (squares) and Si MOSFETs (triangles) [2]. The lines are simulations using the models presented in this work. The upper and lower dotted lines correspond to parameters of the GFETs with highest measured fmax (circle) and our previously published GFET (open square), respectively [2,10]. The solid line represents fmax of the GFETs similar to those analyzed in this work, but assuming gds=0.01 mS, typical for the Si MOSFETs [4]. The dashed and dash-dotted lines represent fmax of the GFETs, similar to these analyzed in this work, but assuming graphene encapsulated by Al2O3 and hBN layers, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/granzyme-a-as-a-potential-biomarker-of-mycobacterium-1b67bdah49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-significance-of-granzyme-a-levels-in-plasma-after-1x52hurp.png Fig. 1. Significance of granzyme A levels in plasma after whole blood stimulation in patients with active TB, LTBI subjects, healthy PPD− donors (HD). ( zyme r h an u o e cons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-curve-for-the-12hbkhvt.png Fig. 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the absolute value of granzyme A after antigen-specific stimulation. The solid line shows the result for the absolute values of granzyme A. Absolute values were calculated by subtracting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ifn-levels-in-plasma-after-whole-blood-stimulation-in-13gw5n6x.png Fig. 2. IFN- levels in plasma after whole blood stimulation in patients with active T E e https://scispace.com/papers/graphene-nanobubbles-as-valley-filters-and-beam-splitters-59pcpc2d2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-color-map-indicates-the-threefold-symmetric-33v6e5wo.png FIG. 2. (a) The color map indicates the threefold symmetric pseudomagnetic field caused by the circularly symmetric Gaussian deformation. The vortices show trajectories corresponding to the field experienced in the K (blue) and K0 valleys (red). (b) Calculation of the local current incident from the left along the zigzag direction at E ¼ 0.01jt0j. The arrows indicate the direction and magnitude of the current. The arrows are averaged over several sites to enhance visibility. The shaded area indicates the r < 2σ region. (c), Spatially resolved current density with strain (jJj), relative to that without strain (jJ0j), evaluated at the rightmost edge of panel (b), demonstrating that the strained region focuses the initially uniform current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-incoming-incoming-electron-wave-containing-both-k-2iuzgzd9.png FIG. 1. An incoming incoming electron wave containing both K and K0 valleys incident on a Gaussian nanobubble experiences the associated pseudomagnetic field indicated by the (green and purple) color map. K valley electrons are backscattered whereas those from the K0 valley are transmitted due to the different trajectories imposed by the effective magnetic field for each valley when electrons are incident along a specific direction relative to the field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-pseudomagnetic-field-distribution-for-the-triaxial-3sc477w1.png FIG. 4. (a) Pseudomagnetic field distribution for the triaxial displacement field with schematic trajectories shown for the K (blue) and K0 valley (red). The inset shows the direction of the triaxial strain. (b) Real spacemap atE ¼ 0.019jt0j of both the local current (arrows) and relative k occupation (color map) of the scattering state incoming from the armchair direction (note the rotation compared to Fig. 3). (c),(d) Fourier maps for the scattering state at the red and green boxes indicated in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-panels-a-and-b-compare-the-k-space-occupation-for-e-1-1vs9a9pj.png FIG. 3. Panels (a) and (b) compare the k-space occupation for E ¼ 0.01jt0j at the green square in panel (e) without (a) and with (b) the presence of the deformation. (c) k-space occupation for E ¼ 0.01jt0j at the red square in panel (e). (d) k-space occupation at the green square but with negative energy E ¼ −0.01jt0j, showing the reversal of the k-filtering effect. (e), Real space map of the relative occupation of K and K0 in the scattering state showing the real space filtering of the valleys. The local current map from Fig. 2(b) is reproduced for convenience. https://scispace.com/papers/graphical-interaction-devices-for-distributed-virtual-2xd3vxo42n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-skeleton-code-of-the-event-handler-24bhw5l6.png Figure 3 – Skeleton code of the event handler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gui-design-tool-showing-the-celestia-interface-1e2tjiob.png Figure 2 – GUI design tool, showing the Celestia interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-using-events-in-glass-smn4qqur.png Figure 1 – Using events in Glass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-pda-is-a-cluster-node-g1j26zwt.png Figure 4 – The PDA is a cluster node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pda-software-layers-1mnlc0p8.png Figure 5 – PDA software layers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pda-running-a-sample-interface-34b17s32.png Figure 6 – PDA running a sample interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-user-navigating-in-celestia-application-using-a-pda-2ds8xrzk.png Figure 7 – User navigating in Celestia application using a PDA. https://scispace.com/papers/gravitino-constraints-on-models-of-neutrino-masses-and-2wd55m5t23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lepton-asymmetry-of-the-universe-for-different-1hq45904.png Figure 1: Lepton asymmetry of the universe for different masses of H1, when effects of gauge interaction is included. R is defined as R = (nL/s) with H † 1 +H1→WL+WL https://scispace.com/papers/gravity-drainage-kinetics-of-papermaking-fibrous-suspensions-qj2x7hq4dd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-verification-of-compatibility-of-water-flow-velocity-t6gx1wc5.png Fig. 2. Verification of compatibility of water flow velocity with model of first order process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dependence-of-suspension-drainage-velocity-from-1i6e0va7.png Fig. 8. Dependence of suspension drainage velocity from freeness value for concentration c0=0.24% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dependence-of-model-parameters-from-pulp-refining-3t7679jg.png Fig. 7. Dependence of model parameters from pulp refining degree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gravity-drainage-of-suspension-with-13degsr-value-and-3s139iex.png Fig. 3. Gravity drainage of suspension with 13°SR value and initial concentration c0=0.08% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-verification-of-model-based-on-eqs-11-and-21-2bwqbu43.png Fig. 6. Verification of model based on Eqs. (11) and (21) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-verification-of-filtration-model-2kyg8qao.png Fig. 4. Verification of filtration model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impact-of-the-fines-on-suspension-drainage-velocity-1ah8q983.png Fig. 9. Impact of the fines on suspension drainage velocity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-verification-of-granular-models-1dmfoods.png Fig. 5. Verification of granular models https://scispace.com/papers/graphical-models-for-online-solutions-to-interactive-pomdps-7guv5av21g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-level-1-i-id-of-agenti-b-two-level-0-ids-of-agent-269jm3yd.png Figure 5:(a) Level 1 I-ID of agenti, (b) two level 0 IDs of agent j whose decision nodes are mapped to the chance nodes,A1j , A 2 j , in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-emergence-of-a-conditional-followership-and-b-blind-292eh2zk.png Figure 6: Emergence of(a) conditional followership, and(b) blind followership in the tiger problem. Behaviors of interest are in bold. * is a wildcard, and denotes any one of the observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-one-shot-pg-game-with-punishment-14excba1.png Table 1:The one-shot PG game with punishment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-emergence-of-deception-between-agents-in-the-tiger-15ep7mps.png Figure 7: Emergence of deception between agents in the tiger problem. Behaviors of interest are in bold. * denotes as before. (a) Agent i’s policy demonstrating that it will blindly followj’s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-generic-levell-i-id-for-agenti-situated-with-2fnpl2ru.png Figure 1: (a) A generic levell I-ID for agenti situated with one other agentj. The hexagon is the model node (Mj,l−1) whose structure we show in(b). Members of the model node are I-IDs themselves (m1j,l−1, m 2 j,l−1; diagrams not shown here for simplicity) whose decision nodes are mapped to the corresponding chance nodes (A1j , A 2 j ). Depending on the value of the node, Mod[Mj ], the distribution of each of the chance nodes is assigned to the nodeAj . (c) The transformed I-ID with the model node replaced by the chance nodes and the relationships between them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-level-1-i-id-of-agenti-b-level-0-ids-of-agentj-2dal1hbh.png Figure 8: (a) Level 1 I-ID of agenti, (b) level 0 IDs of agentj with decision nodes mapped to the chance nodes,A1j andA 2 j , in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-an-altruistic-level-1-agent-always-contributes-b-2n78thfe.png Figure 9:(a) An altruistic level 1 agent always contributes.(b) A reciprocal agenti starts off by defecting followed by choosing to contribute or defect based on its observation of plenty (indicating thatj is likely altruistic) or meager (j is non-altruistic). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transformed-i-did-with-the-model-nodes-and-model-ezllrxzg.png Figure 3: Transformed I-DID with the model nodes and model update link replaced with the chance nodes and the relationships (in bold). https://scispace.com/papers/gravity-modes-in-zz-ceti-stars-i-quasiadiabatic-analysis-of-3nfsq7zk36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eradian-frequencies-of-g-modes-in-s-1-as-functions-of-1j6uygoo.png FIG. 4.ÈRadian frequencies of g-modes in s~1 as functions of radial order, n, and spherical degree, l. The eigenvalues are computed using BradleyÏs white dwarf model with K. The upper panel is for n \ 1 modes with various angular degrees, while the lower panel is for l\ 1 modes of di†erentTeff \ 12,000radial orders. The global dispersion relations given by eqs. (A20) and (A21) Ðt well for modes of low and high orders, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-esquares-of-the-radian-frequency-n2-and-lambbrunt-va-5hg73bq5.png FIG. 1.ÈSquares of the radian frequency, N2, and LambBrunt-Va isa la frequency, in s~2 as functions of pressure in dynes cm~2, as calculatedL l 2, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evalues-of-various-dimensionless-thermodynamic-f6fy7dty.png FIG. 2.ÈValues of various dimensionless thermodynamic quantities as functions of pressure in dynes cm~2 for BradleyÏs white dwarf model with K. Here only the upper region of pure hydrogen is displayed.Teff \ 12,000The convection zone extends from the surface down to log p D 9.3. Both s Tand change signiÐcantly with depth in the upper layers where hydrogeni Tis partially ionized. The fully ionized region has mean molecular weight Other thermodynamic quantities can be obtained from thosek \ 12.plotted by using the following relations : o https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-enormalized-surface-amplitudes-and-radiative-damping-36ob82xn.png FIG. 5.ÈNormalized surface amplitudes and radiative damping rates for g-modes in white dwarfs. We compare numerical values obtained using BradleyÏs model with K with analytic estimates. Both properties depend much more strongly on n than on l, hence the choice of n as the abscissa. TheTeff \ 12,000upper panel plots as triangles numerical values of in g~1 cm~2 s2 for modes with l\ 1 to 10, with the solid line representing the analytical estimate(do/o)ph2from eq. (A28) for modes with where is chosen to be The lower panel displays numerical radiative damping rates as triangles, togetherzu ? zb, zu 3nu2/(2gkh2).with the analytic estimate from eq. (54) as a solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estructure-of-a-mode-with-n-9-l-1-and-a-period-of-502-gyjfkjya.png FIG. 3.ÈStructure of a mode with n \ 9, l\ 1, and a period of 502 s, as a function of pressure in BradleyÏs model with K. The top panel,Teff \ 12,000which is similar to Fig. 1, illustrates how the mode cavity (dashed line) is formed. For this mode The WKB luminosity measured in ergs s~1 is plottedzu [ zb.in the second panel. It is constant inside the cavity and decays outside it. The compositional transitions have minimal e†ects on this mode. The lower two panels display the depth dependences for the dimensionless do/o and measured in cm. The numerical values in this Ðgure come from setting at them h m h \R https://scispace.com/papers/gravity-segregation-with-co2-foam-in-heterogeneous-4djda89c93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gas-saturation-profile-foam-injection-at-steady-1vypm9dt.png Figure 8 Gas saturation profile (foam injection) at steady state with different grid size. In a region with white color, gas saturation is less than residual gas saturation. The black dashed line is the segregation point predicted by Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gas-saturation-profile-no-foam-at-steady-state-with-2hi5lzil.png Figure 7 Gas saturation profile (no foam) at steady state with different grid size. In a region with white color, gas saturation is less than residual gas saturation. The black dashed line is the segregation point predicted by Eq. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-gravity-segregation-point-changes-with-different-1wupn9vo.png Figure 13 Gravity-segregation point changes with different permeability ratios and thickness ratios. In both cases, K1<K2<K3<K4. The higher-permeability is on the top in (a), and is at the bottom in (b). The thickness ratio is defined as Htop/Hbottom. Ri j is the ratio of total mobility in the two layers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-used-in-2d-horizontal-models-3e6jr8vy.png Table 1 Parameter settings used in 2D horizontal models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-water-saturation-profile-fw-20-at-steady-state-the-2d8bqbmh.png Figure 2 Water saturation profile ( fw = 20%) at steady state. The white dashed line is the segregation point predicted by Eq. 1. In both cases, there are transition zones where water saturation is lower than initial condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-relative-mobility-and-gas-saturation-profiles-1cp5zpyn.png Figure 6 Total relative mobility and gas saturation profiles with fg=100% after 0.2 PVI without and with foam injection. The top figure is total relative mobility profile, and the bottom one is the gas saturation profile. These two cases can represent the displacement in the override zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-of-the-2d-layer-parallel-flow-model-used-ect11tbb.png Figure 12 Schematic of the 2D layer-parallel flow model used in this work. In each layer, the thickness (H), permeability (K), and foam parameters ( f mmob, f mdry, epdry) are different. For different permeability ratios, the thickness of each layer is also varied, depending on the thickness ratio. The corresponding foam parameters can be found in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-relationship-between-segregation-length-or-f160n8ni.png Figure 11 The relationship between segregation length (or apparent viscosity) and permeability. (a) The absolute permeability is plotted in the logarithmic space; (b) In log-log space, the segregation length is a linear function of (K/µapp) = (Kzλrt): the simulation results agree with Stone’s prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/gravity-wave-activity-in-the-martian-atmosphere-at-altitudes-3nsdad1vjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absolute-momentum-flux-per-unit-mass-and-the-38gv1f05.png Figure 4. Absolute momentum flux (per unit mass) and the momentum forcing for two repre- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wave-activity-t-left-column-and-potential-energy-3vmb3pij.png Figure 3. Wave activity |T ′| (left column) and potential energy (per unit mass, right column) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-latitude-altitude-cross-sections-of-the-retrieved-2ho7lycy.png Figure 7. Latitude-altitude cross-sections of the retrieved GW a) amplitudes (in K), b) po- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-latitude-solar-longitude-ls-distribution-of-the-acs-3djwjbrc.png Figure 6. Latitude-solar longitude (Ls) distribution of the ACS MIR occultation profiles used in this study. Morning and evening measurements are shown in red and blue, correspondingly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-separation-of-the-observed-temperature-into-the-14gii6nn.png Figure 2. Separation of the observed temperature into the mean and wave components for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vertical-profiles-for-the-orbit-4926n1-a-the-2d5azt9b.png Figure 5. Vertical profiles for the orbit 4926n1. a) The measured (solid black) and fitted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectroscopy-of-co2-and-h2o-absorption-in-the-ya3x9vkk.png Figure 1. Spectroscopy of CO2 and H2O absorption in the diffraction order #223 of ACSMIR (panel A) and an example of retrieved atmospheric temperature and density vertical profiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-amplitudes-of-relative-temperature-disturbances-as-2n137ruj.png Figure 8. Amplitudes of relative temperature disturbances as functions of the squared Brunt- https://scispace.com/papers/grazing-for-fuels-management-and-sage-grouse-habitat-8cbett4s1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-number-of-male-sage-grouse-per-lek-for-2002-zghnaud6.png Figure 1. Average number of male sage grouse per lek for 2002–2012, yearly precipitation, and long-term average precipitation for Squaw Valley Ranch. Number of leks counted ranges from two to six, with at least five consistently counted 2004–2012. Note: * indicates years with more than 2,000 acres burned on Squaw Valley Ranch (ranges from 25,000 to over 101,000 acres). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-side-of-road-burned-in-2005-and-has-a-healthy-3bytj3or.png Figure 3. Left side of road burned in 2005 and has a healthy stand of sagebrush. The right side of the road burned in 2000 and again in 2005; it currently has very limited sagebrush reestablishment after 7 years and is dominated by perennial bunchgrasses and cheatgrass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-burn-history-for-squaw-valley-ranch-from-1990-to-yyem55kg.png Figure 2. Burn history for Squaw Valley Ranch from 1990 to 2012 (left figure) and burned areas by year after 2003 (right figure). https://scispace.com/papers/grazing-on-microcystis-cyanophyceae-by-testate-amoebae-with-3q3yrac1tt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mizuta-et-al-2-2nzl4v6a.png Fig. 1 Mizuta et al.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mizuta-et-al-2-1towjokr.png Fig. 3 Mizuta et al. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mizuta-et-al-3-3vyx4p2i.png Fig. 2 Mizuta et al.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlation-analysis-between-testate-amoebae-3cosyk29.png Table 1 Pearson Correlation Analysis between testate amoebae density and phytoplankton variables. https://scispace.com/papers/grb-050717-a-long-short-lag-high-peak-energy-burst-observed-3srpmywfic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-background-subtracted-bat-light-curves-power-law-fit-2aumgew1.png Fig. 1.—Background-subtracted BAT light curves, power-law fit indices, and hardness ratios for GRB 050717. The panels on the right show the full duration of the prompt emission; those on the left zoom in to show the precursor peaks in the light curves more clearly. Light curves (top four sets of plots): Rate is corrected for the effective area as a function of source location in the field of view before and during the slew. After the slew, the source is on-axis. The start and end of the slew to the target are shown by vertical lines. The burst duration measures T90 and T50 are shown by horizontal lines in the right-hand plots, with T90 shown above T50. The time binning is 1 s for the right-hand plots and 64 ms for those on the left. Power-law fit photon index (bottom plots): Separate fits were made to each time interval indicated. The BAT data ( plain symbols) are best fit by a simple power law. The plot also shows joint fits to the BATandWind data (diamonds) and to the BAT and XRT data (square). For the leftmost BAT Wind point, the index of the cutoff power-law fit (see text) is shown. For the other joint fit points, the photon index from a power-law fit is shown. BAT hardness ratios (bottom plots): Two sets of ratios (defined on the plot) are shown to illustrate the spectral hardening during the rise to the main peak, followed by a softening as the prompt emission evolves. The final data points show a second hardening of the spectrum. The timescale is the same for all plots in a vertical column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-combined-bat-prompt-emission-and-xrt-afterglow-light-3gqeqrxj.png Fig. 5.—Combined BAT prompt emission and XRT afterglow light curve. Points in the BAT light curve have been extrapolated from the BAT 15–150 keVenergy band to the XRT 0.3–10 keV band and corrected for differences in the effective area (see discussion in the text). This shows how the prompt emission makes a smooth transition into the afterglow. The broken power-law fit to the X-ray light curve decay is also shown ( 1 ¼ 2:10; 2 ¼ 1:48). The last data point (upper limit) was combined from five orbits in PCmode. Inset: Section of Fig. 5 showing the overlap between BAT (squares) and XRT ( plus signs) emission. This figure clearly shows the smooth transition from prompt gamma-ray to early X-ray emission. See the text for a discussion of the extrapolation of the BAT data points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uvot-limiting-magnitudes-65n7zlex.png TABLE 1 UVOT Limiting Magnitudes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-joint-fit-to-a-cutoff-power-lawmodel-defined-in-the-16e8miwn.png Fig. 4.—Joint fit to a cutoff power-lawmodel (defined in the text) for the BAT and WK data during the main peak of emission T0 þ 2:843 to +8.219 s. The value of Epeak for this fit is 2401 þ781 568 keV. Points from the BAT spectrum are shown as plus signs; those from the Konus spectrum are shown as triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-background-subtracted-bat-top-andwk-bottom-light-2utg1ngx.png Fig. 3.—Background-subtracted BAT (top) andWK (bottom) light curves on the same timescale. The plots have been adjusted so that the trigger time for both plots are the same relative to the burst. This means that T0 in the bottom plot is actually T0(BAT) plus the propagation time between the spacecraft (2.369 s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-wk-light-curve-for-grb-050717-in-three-energy-3vsznl4u.png Fig. 2.—The WK light curve for GRB 050717 in three energy bands. The data before T -T0 (W K) ¼ 0:512 s were recorded in the waiting mode with 2.944 s time resolution; after that, data were recorded at finer time resolution and binned at 1.024 s. The energy bands used in the hardness ratios at the bottom of the plot are defined in the top panels of the plot. https://scispace.com/papers/green-synthesis-of-highly-concentrated-aqueous-colloidal-3rvgjm9s2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ir-spectra-of-the-starch-stabilised-silver-383aue5o.png Figure 5 IR spectra of the starch-stabilised silver nanoparticle powder S6, S7 and S8 after removal of the water from the corresponding solutions and drying under vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-antibacterial-effect-of-the-cotton-fiber-coated-3aezwlm6.png Figure 10 Antibacterial effect of the cotton fiber coated using the starch-stabilised silver nanoparticles present in the aqueous colloidal solution S0 against MRSA, represented by a zone of bacterial growth inhibition (no growth) surrounding the fiber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-of-colloidal-solutions-of-silver-10ny1k2w.png Figure 1 Photograph of colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles prepared in a series of consecutive steps. A fresh 0.5% aqueous starch solution was added at each step. Each of the solutions has been diluted 50 times to facilitate analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tem-image-of-the-colourless-aqueous-colloidal-1r5hevvq.png Figure 4 TEM image of the colourless aqueous colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles prepared by a method in which fresh 0.5% starch solution was not added in each step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-images-of-cotton-fibers-and-silver-coated-1whosaci.png Figure 9 SEM images of cotton fibers and silver-coated cotton fibers: (a) untreated cotton fibers (b) SF2, (c) SF6 and (d) SF8 cotton fibers coated with silver nanoparticles using the corresponding aqueous colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles, S2, S6 and S8, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-results-for-starch-stabilised-silver-1048pjht.png Table 1 Summary of the results for starch-stabilised silver nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-images-of-the-solid-products-obtained-from-the-1nssxctc.png Figure 2 TEM images of the solid products obtained from the starch-stabilised silver nanoparticle colloidal solutions S0-S8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-image-of-the-starch-stabilised-silver-2ev9m1hg.png Figure 6 SEM image of the starch-stabilised silver nanoparticle powder after removal of the water from the S8 solution and drying under vacuum. https://scispace.com/papers/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-using-pelargonium-2z0p27iqpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ic50-ug-ml-values-of-pq11ag-np-pq70ag-np-and-pqhagnp-2drx2om3.png Table 1. IC50 (µg/mL) values of pq11Ag NP, pq70Ag NP, and pqhAgNP against selected pathogens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mic-values-of-the-pq11agnps-pq70ag-nps-and-pqhagnps-3pzfygau.png Table 2. MIC values of the pq11AgNPs, pq70Ag NPs, and pqhAgNPs (µg/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3p1m2i9z.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-33mob4h5.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/greenhouse-gas-induced-changes-in-summer-precipitation-over-1wf60u54tt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-twenty-first-century-minus-twentieth-century-mean-jja-gijedjb4.png FIG. 4. Twenty-first-century minus twentieth-century mean JJA specific humidity (g kg21) averaged over the twentieth century period (1971–2000) over Colorado from (a)–(h) the eight NARCCAP simulations and (i) their ensemble mean. Stippling indicates regions of significant differences as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-domain-average-of-the-daily-precipitation-amount-2ipqu6h7.png FIG. 5. The domain average of the daily precipitation amount in each grid square (mmday21) shown as a function of the percentile (%) during JJA for the NARCCAP simulations and the Livneh data in (a) the twentieth-century period and (b) NARCCAP twenty-first-century minus twentieth-century simulations. Values are plotted at every 0.5% from 50% to 99.5%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-jja-precipitation-mm-averaged-over-the-twentieth-wyr65jn0.png FIG. 1. JJA precipitation (mm) averaged over the twentieth-century period (1969–2000) for the study region (Colorado and the border areas of the surrounding states) for the eight NARCCAP simulations: (a) CCSM-CRCM, (b) CGCM3-CRCM, (c) HadCM3-HRM3, (d) CCSM-WRFG, (e) CGCM3-WRFG, (f) GFDL AM2, (g) GFDL-RCM3, and (h) CGCM3-RCM3. (i) Observations obtained from Livneh et al. (2013) averaged to the RCM grid scale by bilinear interpolation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-jja-mean-precipitation-mm-averaged-over-colorado-and-4szn0aiz.png FIG. 2. JJA-mean precipitation (mm) averaged over Colorado and the border areas of the surrounding states for (a) the twentieth century (1969–2000) and (b) the twenty-first century (2039–70) minus the twentieth century (1969– 2000) for the eightNARCCAP simulations and the ensemblemean (ENSMN). Precipitation from the Livneh dataset for 1969–2000 is also shown in (a), while the twenty-first-century minus twentieth-century values that are significant at the 95% level as determined by Monte Carlo method based on 1000 resamples are stippled in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-twenty-first-century-minus-twentieth-century-mean-jja-26e1y2v3.png FIG. 3. Twenty-first-century minus twentieth-century mean JJA precipitation (mm) from (a)–(h) the eight NARCCAP simulations and (i) their ensemble mean. In (a)–(h), stippling indicates regions where the difference values are significant at the 95% level based on 1000 Monte Carlo samples, while in (i), gray (black) stippling denotes grid squares where at least four (five) of the individual models indicate a significant change and have the same change in sign. https://scispace.com/papers/greenhouse-soil-solarization-effect-on-weeds-nematodes-and-3cigvi99ek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-residual-effect-of-soil-solarization-performed-in-3vxxfbpi.png Table VI. Residual effect of soil solarization performed in 1998 on weed emergence in the following tomato and melon crops (plants m−2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-effect-of-soil-solarization-repeated-for-two-or-3hoku2vb.png Table II. Effect of soil solarization repeated for two or three consecutive years on yield parameters of tomato and melon crops. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-residual-effect-of-soil-solarization-performed-in-x2lv2x1t.png Table I. Residual effect of soil solarization performed in 1998 on yield parameters of the following tomato and melon crops. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effect-of-soil-solarization-repeated-for-two-or-u5h4lv6d.png Table IV. Effect of soil solarization repeated for two or three consecutive years on the infestation of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato and melon crops. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-residual-effect-of-soil-solarization-performed-in-2ty63qfg.png Table III. Residual effect of soil solarization performed in 1998 on the infestation of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato and melon crops. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-weed-emergence-in-2001-melon-crop-1v3tfybs.png Figure 5. Weed emergence in 2001 melon crop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solarization-treatment-in-the-metal-plastic-1ogv20zj.png Figure 1. Solarization treatment in the metal-plastic greenhouse. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-weed-emergence-in-uncultivated-soil-and-in-melon-4o25zke7.png Table V. Weed emergence in uncultivated soil and in melon crops after solarization in 1998 (plants m−2). https://scispace.com/papers/grid-technology-reliability-for-flash-flood-forecasting-end-2cxxcv6ga1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-jobs-stages-duration-a-with-basic-grid-3nkxuir9.png Fig. 6 Distribution of jobs stages duration (a: with basic grid usage, b: with RRM-Wrapper) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-jobs-durations-by-forecasting-horiz-n-3qgrbgck.png Fig. 7 Distribution of jobs durations by forecasting horiz n (a: with basic grid usage, b: with RRM-Grid usage) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rrm-grid-stand-alone-workflow-3eohdgbp.png Fig. 5 RRM-Grid stand-alone workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spc-gd-competency-territory-36nmusx3.png Fig. 1 SPC-GD competency territory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-information-system-of-flood-management-on-grid-insp-2xrqvkdt.png Fig. 9 Information system of flood management on grid (insp red by [31]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spc-gds-information-system-2klo32c6.png Fig 2 SPC-GD’s information system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rrm-parametric-adapted-to-flash-flood-requirements-xp6mfdzf.png Fig. 4 RRM-Parametric adapted to flash flood requirements (adapted from [5]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sample-of-treated-jobs-and-operational-time-limit-a-1n0mal3q.png Fig. 8 Sample of treated jobs and operational time limit (a: with basic grid usage, b: with RRM-Grid using) https://scispace.com/papers/greenspace-and-place-attachment-do-greener-suburbs-lead-to-1qde1iftxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suburb-public-greenspace-proportion-predicting-place-21c9gaz7.png Table 2. Suburb Public Greenspace Proportion Predicting Place Attachment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-summary-statistics-1y2x27nz.png Table 1. Variable Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-household-public-greenspace-proximity-predicting-1xco7x8q.png Table 3. Household Public Greenspace Proximity Predicting Place Attachment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accs-sample-suburbs-and-bsd-extent-1j3qfjic.png Figure 2. ACCS Sample Suburbs and BSD Extent https://scispace.com/papers/grid-synchronization-of-wind-turbines-during-severe-a7ijm4fuis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structure-of-proposed-pll-with-three-configurations-hlrqv8ey.png Fig. 6. Structure of proposed PLL with three configurations: normalized, adaptive normalized and freeze mode with phase compensation. ωF is the frozen PLL angular frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phase-jump-seen-on-the-pcc-as-a-function-of-the-fault-15mz8crc.png Fig. 7. Phase jump seen on the PCC as a function of the fault voltage magnitude and the sign of the phase jump happening at the fault location. The line impedance considered is ZL = RL + jXL and the converter is considered to inject nominal capacitive reactive current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-type-iv-wind-turbine-system-with-a-full-scale-power-1darve7n.png Fig. 1. Type IV wind turbine system with a full-scale power converter connected to the grid through an output LCL filter and step-up transformer. GSC: Generator-side converter, LSC: Line-side converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-transfer-between-the-wind-turbine-connection-5rco6ya6.png Fig. 4. Power transfer between the wind turbine connection point and fault point represented as a single line diagram and phasor diagram of current injection. The dotted red circle represents a fault voltage with constant magnitude and arbitrary angle and upper case letters denote the magnitude of the complex vector. (a): a stable case, (b): a limit case where the angle between sending end and receiving end voltage is 90◦ [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-parameters-of-the-system-in-fig-1-and-fig-2-234d95bs.png TABLE I MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM IN FIG. 1 AND FIG. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-grid-side-converter-control-operated-in-20d5vhi0.png Fig. 2. Structure of grid-side converter control operated in grid-feeding mode. The red arrow indicates the location of a severe symmetrical fault. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-results-during-fault-of-fig-10-2i15xlne.png TABLE II EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS DURING FAULT OF FIG. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-laboratory-setup-used-to-verify-the-simulation-1w0u422z.png Fig. 9. Laboratory setup used to verify the simulation analysis in Fig. 8. The line-side converter is regulated using a dSPACE control platform to inject currents through a LCL filter into a grid simulator. https://scispace.com/papers/gridlab-d-technical-support-document-residential-end-use-98h6l3wxrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1-etp-representation-of-typical-residences-3jkcrbug.png Figure 9.1. ETP Representation of Typical Residences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-water-heater-model-schematic-representation-26691c10.png Figure 2.2. Water Heater Model Schematic Representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-illustration-of-using-dh-dt-to-identify-the-10n9vthh.png Figure 2.1. Illustration of using dh/dt to Identify the STABLE State https://scispace.com/papers/grothendieck-s-constant-and-local-models-for-noisy-entangled-3a5wkxigwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nonlocal-properties-of-two-qubit-werner-states-p-w-31dk65fy.png FIG. 1. Nonlocal properties of two-qubit Werner states p W. Werner’s local model works up to p=1/2, while the CHSH inequality is violated when p 2−1/2 0.71. Here, we prove the existence of a local model for projective measurements when p 0.66. https://scispace.com/papers/ground-clutter-as-a-monitor-of-radar-stability-at-kwajalein-4ijd2o1mg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-two-druly-pdfsicdfs-from-october-2001-1ke4h7p0.png Fig. 4. Comparison of two druly PDFsICDFs from October 2001. The horizontal dotted line represents the 95. percentile of the CDFs. Convergence of the CDF (PDF) curves at the upper percentiles (reflectivities) is indicative of stable radar calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-time-record-of-the-relative-cahbration-adjustment-rca-3spvi3nc.png Fig. 12. Time record of the relative cahbration adjustment (RCA) illustrating impact of calibration offset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-two-daily-pdfsicdfs-from-august-2003-the-1anrqr4t.png Fig. 3. Comparison of two daily PDFsICDFs from August 2003. The horizontal dotted line represents the 95& percentile of the CDFs. Failure of the CDF (PDF) curves to converge at the upper percentiles (reflectivities) is an indication of calibration instability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-time-record-of-the-relative-calibration-adjustment-3028w0c2.png Fig. 13. Time record of the relative calibration adjustment (RCA) displaying r a h elevation angle modification during periods marked "a" and "b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-record-of-the-95-percentile-of-clutter-field-1rbsy2uk.png Fig. 8. Time record of the 95* percentile of clutter field reflectivity for 2000 and 2001. "a" through "d" mark four separate events described in Table 3 where engineering issues impacted the time record. The solid horizontal h e represents the baseline reflectivity used in the calculation of the RCA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-engineering-events-depicted-in-fig-8-3dt0rx01.png Table 3. Description of Engineering Events Depicted in Fig. 8 Event Date Radar Log Account Magnitude of Change (dB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-record-showing-kpol-calibration-offsets-from-the-t1e4xi0m.png Fig. 7. Time record showing KPOL calibration offsets from the TRMM-GV RCA method compared with University of Washington (UW) offset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-two-daily-pdfsicdfs-from-may-2004-the-2o9c57co.png Fig. 9. Comparison of two daily PDFsICDFs from May 2004. The horizontal dotted line represents the 95& percentile of the CDFs. Failure of the CDF (PDF) curves to converge at the upper percentiles (reflectivities) is an indication of calibration instability. https://scispace.com/papers/ground-water-surveillance-at-the-hanford-site-for-cy-1983-p23grrwgzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-locations-of-the-1301-n-crib-the-1325-n-crib-and-gx1yaodh.png FIGURE 21. locations of the 1301-N Crib, the 1325-N Crib, and Nearby Wells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-nitrate-lon-distribution-in-the-unconfined-ground-17tvna9c.png FIGURE 9. Nitrate lon Distribution in the Unconfined Ground Water https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generalized-geologic-cross-section-of-the-hanford-2omaeu2a.png FIGURE 2. Generalized Geologic Cross Section of the Hanford Site (Modified from Tallman et al. 1979) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-detectable-concentrations-and-lowest-3c2mg1jm.png Table 1. Minimum Detectable Concentrations and Lowest Applicable Concentration Guides or Drinking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-schematic-drawing-of-the-hydrologic-system-beneath-38xte2ed.png FIGURE 26. Schematic Drawing of the Hydrologic System Beneath the 1325-N and 1301-N Cribs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-100-n-area-water-table-map-december-9-1983-3dntkw5y.png FIGURE 25. 100-N Area Water-Table Map (December 9, 1983) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-data-on-the-routine-ground-water-2nyrbrnx.png Table 2. Numerical Data on the Routine Ground-Water Surveillance Program, 1983 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-number-of-wells-sampled-the-number-of-2d7ua54w.png Table 2. Numerical Data on the Routine Ground-Water Surveillance Program, 1983 https://scispace.com/papers/groundwater-surface-water-interactions-1zxhnqbk53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-reynolds-numbers-at-a-sandy-ripple-for-case-6-129y0kov.png Figure 13. Reynolds numbers at a sandy ripple for case 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-observed-and-simulated-hydraulic-heads-for-the-2vzvsf1l.png Figure 11. Observed and simulated hydraulic heads for the groups presented in Figure 2. Hydraulic heads were simulated in FEFLOW for the period 1 January 2010–31 December 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-sava-river-water-groundwater-interactions-3sytemk2.png Figure 12. The Sava River water-groundwater interactions areas, and mean seepage of river water into the aquifer (inflow) and vice versa (outflow) during 2010 (full line) and 2011 (dash line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pressure-distribution-and-velocity-vectors-at-a-7l1ly3be.png Figure 11. Observed and simulated hydraulic heads for the groups presented in Figure 2. Hydraulic heads were simulated in FEFLOW for the period 1 January 2010–31 December 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-reynolds-numbers-at-a-sandy-ripple-for-case-5-1bmge973.png Figure 12. The Sava River water-groundwater interactions areas, and mean seepage of river water into the aquifer (inflow) and vice versa (outflow) during 2010 (full line) and 2011 (dash line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mann-kendall-statistical-results-for-bfi-for-gauges-3f3g4dn7.png Table 5. Mann Kendall statistical results for BFI for gauges in WRA 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-recharge-in-different-soil-types-in-the-area-16si4s7j.png Table 5. Mann Kendall statistical results for BFI for gauges in WRA 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-of-the-calibrated-models-after-steps-one-138frkpi.png Table 5. Mann Kendall statistical results for BFI for gauges in WRA 5. https://scispace.com/papers/group-project-work-from-the-outset-an-in-depth-teaching-12ugtpe8o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-level-1-results-comparing-group-projects-with-3vm4um2t.png Figure 1. Level 1 Results - Comparing Group Projects With Previous Years https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coursework-submission-rates-3a6c2eww.png Table 3. Coursework submission rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-level-1-results-comparing-cs-and-is-students-for-ygsk12mt.png Figure 2. Level 1 Results - Comparing CS and IS Students for All Years https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-project-task-components-1x19d7jm.png Table 1. Group Project Task Components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-group-project-logistics-3vatc77y.png Table 2. Group Project Logistics https://scispace.com/papers/group-size-effects-on-grazing-behaviour-and-efficiency-in-169fwtxbje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-climatic-data-recorded-throughout-winter-january-2x53by3p.png Table 1. Climatic data recorded throughout winter (January 1996) and spring (April) 1996 trials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-body-weight-changes-bwc-of-the-ewes-in-large-medium-3u1sgsjz.png Table 5. Body weight changes (BWC) of the ewes in large, medium, and small groups in the winter and the spring trials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-grazing-behaviour-of-large-medium-and-sm-all-groups-r76i8mz1.png Table 4. Grazing behaviour of large, medium and sm,all groups in the winter and the spring trials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-feed-and-nutrient-intake-and-pasture-1cqsp1hn.png Table 3. Estimated feed and nutrient intake and pasture utilisation efficiency (PUE) for large, medium and small groups in the winter and the spring trials. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-and-characterization-of-7-7-8-8-tetracyano-10ciszappz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-raman-spectra-of-pristine-graphene-on-sio2-as-well-2rx1k9l4.png Figure 4 Raman spectra of pristine graphene on SiO2, as well as TCNQ evaporated onto graphene with different conditions in (a) mouth of small tube evaporator and (b) inside of large tube evaporator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-of-large-tube-tcnq-evaporator-with-aluminum-1xz2an7u.png Figure 1 Picture of large tube TCNQ evaporator with aluminum foil removed from exterior. Samples are placed at the tube mouth and inside the tube, 2 cm away from tube bottom. In the small tube evaporator, the sample is placed only on the mouth of the tube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-images-of-tcnq-evaporated-onto-graphene-cptgrb4c.png Figure 2 Optical images of TCNQ evaporated onto graphene/SiO2/Si substrate in small tube evaporator with the following conditions: (a) 75 minutes at 130° C, (b) 75 minutes at 160° C, (c) 45 minutes at 180° C and (d) 45 minutes at 200°. All scale bars 25 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-afm-images-of-a-pristine-graphene-and-tcnq-127fi1lm.png Figure 5 AFM images of (a) pristine graphene and TCNQ evaporated onto graphene/SiO2 inside the large tube evaporator with the following conditions: (b) 60 minutes at 120° and (c) 120 minutes at 170° C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-images-of-tcnq-evaporated-onto-graphene-2eje6dxj.png Figure 3 Optical images of TCNQ evaporated onto graphene/SiO2/Si substrate in large tube evaporator with the conditions outlined on the margins of the images. Scale bar in (c) is 40 µm, (a), (b) and (d) are 15 µm. Inset: Same sample as in a, showing the boundary between graphene (left) and bare SiO2 (right). TCNQ crystals can be seen on both sides of the boundary. Scale bar 250 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-before-and-after-trade-liberalization-20avn2rp0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trade-liberalization-and-gdp-per-capita-growth-3jmi69i1.png Table 3: Trade Liberalization and GDP Per Capita Growth Controlling for Other Growth Factors1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reer-before-and-after-reforms-11jpvxp4.png Figure 2: REER Before and After Reforms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-economic-indicators-before-and-after-trade-1tp9dabz.png Table 1: Economic Indicators Before and After Trade Liberalization in Sample Countries: 1975-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-gdp-per-capita-growth-by-country-n7g16f2t.png Figure 4: Evolution of GDP Per Capita Growth by Country Subgroups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trade-liberalization-and-gdp-per-capita-growth-24idd2yj.png Table 2: Trade Liberalization and GDP Per Capita Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-economic-indicators-before-and-after-trade-reforms-73lp6zi2.png Figure 3: Economic Indicators Before and After Trade Reforms https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-trade-liberalization-on-other-economic-1xhwaazz.png Table 4: Impact of Trade Liberalization on Other Economic Variables in the Periods [-12,-5] and [2,9] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gdp-per-capita-growth-before-and-after-reforms-1dpvvhcu.png Figure 1: GDP Per Capita Growth Before and After Reforms https://scispace.com/papers/growth-factor-therapy-for-parkinson-s-disease-alternative-2w6n53fzs2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-key-considerations-facing-ex-vivo-growth-factor-16hlci73.png Table 1. The key considerations facing ex vivo growth factor delivery for PD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-delivery-systems-for-neurotrophic-growth-vbfkw8wa.png Fig. 1 Potential delivery systems for neurotrophic growth factor delivery in PD. To assess the therapeutic potential of neurotrophic factor therapy, direct infusion of the growth factor protein into the target brain region and in vivo gene therapy have progressed to clinical trials in patients with PD. However, one of the major hurdles to the clinical translation of growth factor therapeutics for PD remains issues related to the delivery of these protein drugs. To address this, other delivery systems, including ex vivo gene therapy and biomaterial-aided protein and gene delivery are in preclinical development. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-factors-in-orthopaedic-surgery-demineralized-bone-an6augqdb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-of-the-result-between-iliac-crest-jjcj1iwr.png Table 10: Comparison of the result between Iliac Crest Autograft (ICA) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) used as extender in Postero Lumbar Fusion (PLF) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-open-tibial-fracture-treated-by-intramedullary-nail-3joyc8du.png Table 6: Open tibial fracture treated by intramedullary nail (IMN): comparison of the result between IMN alone and IMN + 0.75 or 1.50 mg/ml BMP-2 [35] https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-percentage-of-the-reaming-procedure-in-the-different-1xgphixe.png Table 7: Percentage of the reaming procedure in the different groups [35] https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-repeated-study-on-open-tibial-fractures-all-reamed-prdhzkgq.png Table 8: Repeated study on open tibial fractures all reamed [39] https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-tibial-non-union-treated-by-intramedullary-nail-imnr-3riw4tby.png Table 9: Tibial non-union treated by intramedullary nail (IMNR) reamed procedure: comparison between the results with Iliac Crest Autograft (ICA) and recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (rhBMP-7) [40] https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-bone-morphogenetic-proteins-bpms-components-kfcmfhjx.png Table 11: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BPMs) components: concentration of the different products. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atrophic-non-union-of-the-humerus-treated-by-2d1nsnrn.png Table 2: Atrophic non-union of the humerus treated by internal fixation: comparison of the result between association with Iliac Crest Autograft (ICA) or Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-atrophic-non-union-of-long-bones-treated-by-internal-11rac0gn.png Table 3:Atrophic non-union of long bones treated by internal fixation: comparison of the result between association with Iliac Crest Autograft (ICA) or Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) [27] https://scispace.com/papers/growth-hormone-gh-administration-increases-the-metabolic-1vyoitxp5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transversal-section-of-the-brain-showing-the-k30z9ejq.png Figure 2.- Transversal section of the brain showing the metabolic activity in left amygdala, left hippocampus and left parahippocampus in the second (2) PET-SCAN study (after 3-weeks receiving GH treatment). The low metabolic activity previously observed in these structures significantly increased (p < 0.025) after GH treatment. Also note the higher metabolic activity in practically all cortical areas. A: Anterior. R: Right. L: Left. P: Posterior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-items-in-the-tavec-test-values-in-the-first-and-gd8f0550.png Table 1.- Main items in the TAVEC test. Values in the first and second test correspond to the number of correct answers. While scores in the first test ranged below the mean of the normal subjects, the second test indicated that the results obtained were now between the range of normal subjects. * Indicates the number of false positives in this assay. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-of-zno-nanostructures-on-si-by-means-of-plasma-qze585oleq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photoluminescence-spectrum-of-zno-nanostructures-29eoctwm.png Fig. 7. Photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO nanostructures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-apparatus-of-vast-34f93w9n.png Fig. 1. Experimental apparatus of VAST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-resolution-xrd-performed-on-si-sample-before-a-24r089ao.png Fig. 2. High resolution XRD performed on Si sample before (a) and after (b) annealing at 700 0C in rich oxygen atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xps-measurements-for-determination-of-depth-profiles-1icu63jk.png Fig. 4. XPS measurements for determination of depth profiles between Zn and ZnO structures. (a) sputtering time =0 ; (b) after 15 min of sputtering ; (c) after 45 min of sputtering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-eds-measurement-performed-on-the-as-implanted-si-d2k225an.png Fig. 3. EDS measurement performed on the as-implanted Si sample before (a) and after annealing (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3d-afm-image-of-as-implanted-sample-3ps89hol.png Fig. 5. 3D AFM image of as-implanted sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-images-for-as-implanted-sample-a-and-after-3jmcls6x.png Fig. 6. SEM images for as-implanted sample (a) and after annealing (b) https://scispace.com/papers/guaranteed-rendezvous-for-cognitive-radio-networks-based-on-4x8xv25cnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-illustration-of-the-rendezvous-process-when-d-0-izyp2rhb.png Figure 3.2: Illustration of the rendezvous process when δ = 0 and T 0i = 3, T 1i = 5;T 0 j = 3, T 1 j = 5. (a) When Ti 6= Tj , the rendezvous is guaranteed within Ti ∗ Tj = 15 time slots. (b) When Ti = Tj = 3, they may not rendezvous within Ti ∗ Tc time slots (deadlock situation). At time slot t = T 0max, node i with b 1 i = 1 changes its cycle length to Ti = T 1 i = 5, while node j with b1j = 1 changes to Tj = T 1 j = 5. The two nodes may still not rendezvous within this rendezvous period (T = T 0i ∗ T 1 i = 15). Continue checking on the second bit at t = T 0max + T 1 max: node i with b 2 i = 1 changes its cycle length to Ti = T 1 i = 5, while node j with b 2 j = 0 changes to Tj = T 0 j = 3. The rendezvous between them will be guaranteed during the following 15 time slots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-channel-load-distributions-when-ti-and-tj-are-1b6wgpgd.png Figure 4.5: Channel load distributions when Ti and Tj are coprime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-min-max-degree-when-ti-and-tj-are-coprime-rsye7b7o.png Table 4.1 Min-max degree when Ti and Tj are coprime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-theoretical-and-simulated-mttr-when-ti-tj-under-cvxei0fq.png Figure 4.2: Theoretical and simulated MTTR when Ti = Tj under varying time skew and different pair number of available channels of nodes i and j. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-illustration-of-the-rendezvous-process-with-3pe00z2q.png Figure 2.1: Illustration of the rendezvous process with available channels of nodes: Ci = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9}, Cj = {3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-min-max-degree-when-ti-and-tj-are-not-coprime-10bgssrm.png Table 4.2 Min-max degree when Ti and Tj are not coprime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-channel-load-distributions-when-ti-and-tj-are-not-xs25enej.png Figure 4.6: Channel load distributions when Ti and Tj are not coprime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-rendezvous-processes-on-synchronous-and-17ry5a1b.png Figure 2.2: Rendezvous processes on synchronous and asynchronous scenarios with Ci = {3, 5, 6, 7, 8}, Cj = {1, 2, 3}. a) Time skew δ = 0. b) Time skew δ = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/guidelines-for-designing-it-security-management-tools-qaz2or7s8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-of-design-guidelines-for-it-security-1rlb9rjy.png Figure 1: Framework of design guidelines for IT security management tools https://scispace.com/papers/guardian-blockchain-based-secure-demand-response-management-r15frllxzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-security-evaluation-2shrcd3u.png Fig. 9: Security Evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-proposed-scheme-1gw543qa.png Fig. 2: Flowchart of the proposed scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ev-as-energy-supplier-2qxpmrnb.png Fig. 8: EV as energy supplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-creation-and-validation-process-between-ordinary-2un8ee4v.png Fig. 3: Block Creation and validation process between ordinary node (E) and miner node (M). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-energy-trading-between-various-entities-niryt8sp.png Fig. 4: Example of energy trading between various entities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evs-as-energy-consumer-395snloo.png Fig. 7: EV’s as energy consumer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-symbols-and-their-meaning-28p99fab.png TABLE 2: Symbols and their meaning. https://scispace.com/papers/guiding-architectural-decisions-with-the-influencing-factors-1pzp7uhmcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-if-matrix-case-study-1-3s0z562z.png Figure 2. IF Matrix - Case Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-software-quality-attribute-analysis-case-study-2-1xkg8e7z.png Figure 6. Software Quality Attribute Analysis – Case Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-business-goal-analysis-case-study-2-sciw0f4p.png Figure 7. Business Goal Analysis – Case Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationships-of-enterprise-system-and-software-39qd5kfg.png Figure 1. Relationships of enterprise, system and software architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overlap-of-influencing-factors-3eh5qb4a.png Figure 5. Overlap of influencing factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quality-attribute-analysis-case-study-1-33gb7ses.png Figure 3. Quality Attribute Analysis – Case Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-business-goal-analysis-case-study-1-wwxnz0cd.png Figure 4. Business Goal Analysis – Case Study 1 https://scispace.com/papers/gut-microbiome-pattern-reflects-healthy-ageing-and-predicts-10t9eeralu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reflection-of-gut-microbiome-uniqueness-in-plasma-36u5f1t7.png Fig. 3. Reflection of gut microbiome uniqueness in plasma metabolites. (a) A plot of -log10 p-values for each of the 653 plasma metabolites measured in the Arivale cohort, from OLS regression models predicting genus-level Bray-Curtis uniqueness adjusted for microbiome vendor, sex, age, age2, a sex*age interaction term, BMI, and Shannon diversity. Metabolites are color-coded by their super-family. All metabolites above the light red line are significant after multiple-hypothesis correction (Bonferroni P<0.05, two-sided), while the blue line indicates the unadjusted P-value threshold. Asterisks (*) indicate metabolites that were confidently identified on the basis of mass spectrometry data, but for which no reference standards are available to verify the identity. (b) Spearman correlation coefficients for each of the metabolites significantly associated with genus-level Bray-Curtis uniqueness after adjusting for covariates and multiple-hypothesis correction (Bonferroni P<0.05 two-sided). (c) Spearman correlation coefficients for each of the metabolites significantly associated with the ASV-level Bray-Curtis uniqueness measure after adjusting for covariates and multiple-hypothesis correction (Bonferroni P<0.05 two-sided). For both subfigures b) and c), bars are color-coded as in a). (d) Scatter plot of genus-level Bray-Curtis Uniqueness and the strongest metabolite predictor, phenylacetylglutamine, adjusted for https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-increased-dissimilarity-of-the-gut-microbiome-as-a-37e8ljo1.png Fig. 4. Increased dissimilarity of the gut microbiome as a function of healthy aging in the MrOS cohort. (a-c) PCoA of the MrOS discovery cohort color-coded by (a) genus-level Bray-Curtis uniqueness, (b) relative Bacteroides abundance, and (c) relative Prevotella abundance. (d) Barplot demonstrating the correlation of strongest taxa associated with genus-level gut microbiome uniqueness in the MrOS discovery cohort, color-coded by phylum. (e) Correlation of genus-level Bray-Curtis uniqueness scores with age across the MrOS discovery and validation cohorts under different health stratifications. Also shown are age βcoefficients (slopes) with 95% confidence intervals from (OLS) linear regression models predicting genus-level Bray-Curtis uniqueness adjusted for BMI across the same stratifications. ‘Excellent’ corresponds to individuals who self-reported their health to be excellent, while ‘<Excellent’ incorporates all individuals who self-reported their health being anything less than excellent (good, fair, poor, or very poor).’Composite Healthy’ refers to individuals who fell into the healthy sub-group in at least 3 of the 4 stratifications performed. LSC: Life-Space Score. Significance of association was tested using a two-sided hypothesis, and p-values have not been corrected for multiple hypothesis testing. Exact https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-associations-between-gut-microbial-uniqueness-and-age-291d6t0p.png Fig. 2. Associations between gut microbial uniqueness and age across the Arivale cohort. (a) Boxplots showing gut microbiome uniqueness measures calculated using the ASV-level (grey) and genus-level (blue) Bray-Curtis dissimilarity metric across the adult lifespan across the Arivale cohort, adjusted for vendor. Asterisks indicate significant differences relative to the youngest <30 group, from a linear regression model adjusted for vendor, sex, BMI, and Shannon diversity (ASV-level: (50–59) P=3.52e-02, (60–69) P=1.88e-05, (70–79) P=1.47e-09, (80+) P=1.12e-02, genus-level: (40–49) P=7.15e-02, (50–59) P=3.57e-03, (60– 69) P=4.33e-07, (70–79) P=8.16e-09, (80+) P=7.90e-03, two-sided). Also shown is the distribution of uniqueness calculated using the Bray-Curtis metric on both the ASV and genus level. (b) Spearman correlation coefficients for measures of Bray-Curtis uniqueness with age in individuals whose stool samples were processed by vendor A or B, as well as an additional external dataset (The American Gut Project). (c) Boxplots showing gut microbiome uniqueness scores calculated using the ASV-level Bray-Curtis across early, mid and late adulthood in the American Gut Project dataset. Asterisks indicate significant differences relative to the youngest <30 group, from a linear regression model adjusted for sex and Shannon diversity ((50–59) P=2.77e-09, (80+) P=2.95e-02). In both (A) and (C), box plots represent the interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile, IQR), with the middle https://scispace.com/papers/gyeolhonijuyeoseonggwa-hangugyeoseongyi-yangyug-seuteureseu-krqygfpl5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-between-korean-women-and-1v9qg6c0.png Table 1. Demographic Characteristics between Korean Women and Marriage Migrant Women (N=138) https://scispace.com/papers/h-bonding-in-lazulite-a-single-crystal-neutron-diffraction-3m5u9g43vp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-crystal-structure-of-lazulite-viewed-down-010-22e36c9z.png Figure 1. The crystal structure of lazulite, viewed down [010] (top left) and [100] (top right), and its 389 bifurcated H-bonding scheme (bottom left), based on the neutron structure refinement of this study 390 (intensity data collected at 298 K). Displacement ellipsoid probability factor: 50%. In bracket: the 391 triple face-sharing Aloct-(Mg,Fe)oct-Aloct building unit (bottom right). 392 393 394 395 396 https://scispace.com/papers/habitat-suitability-for-juvenile-common-sole-solea-solea-l-2vo35oo268 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-log-transformed-positive-densities-of-young-of-the-22fbqjvj.png Fig. 2. Log-transformed positive densities of young-of-the-year common sole Solea solea in survey data versus fitted values of the positive model using two descriptors: Physics×Geography and logtransformed densities of deposit-suspension feeders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-r-between-the-functional-3aqrzfu5.png Table 2. Correlation coefficients (r) between the functional groups used to describe benthic fauna. High values are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-deviances-for-the-two-parts-of-the-4-345z25a7.png Table 3. Analysis of deviances for the two parts of the 4 delta log-normal Generalized Linear Model testing for the explanation of y-o-y by the 4 trophic groups. Columns indicate residual degrees of freedom (DoF), confidence level of the test (p(χ2)) and deviance explained by the variable when https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-central-part-of-the-bay-of-biscay-showing-3pxzpmm8.png Fig. 1. Map of the central part of the Bay of Biscay showing the main rivers and common sole Solea solea nursery grounds. Inset lower left corner: the location of the Bay of Biscay in western Europe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-life-history-traits-of-the-trawled-invertebrate-3ugnykfc.png Table 1. Life history traits of the trawled invertebrate species (in this classification, species are pooled by genera when all the functional groups are the same inside). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fitted-log-transformed-young-of-the-year-common-sole-3pcn5j9n.png Fig. 3. Fitted log-transformed young-of-the-year common sole Solea solea abundance (calculated by delta model with Eq. (6), built with Eqs. (3) and (5) and associated confidence intervals (calculated with Eq. (7), for α=0.05) in different physical habitats, with relation to the density of trawled epibenthic invertebrates that feed on detrital or planktonic organic matter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-deviances-for-the-two-parts-of-the-delta-1cr9pfn5.png Table 4. Analysis of deviances for the two parts of the delta log-normal Generalized Linear Model. Columns indicate residual degrees of freedom (DoF), Akaike information criterion (AIC), explained deviance for each added variable when significant at a 5% level (Deviance, in %) and explained https://scispace.com/papers/habitus-and-flow-in-primary-school-musical-practice-2kwk6cs3ee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-process-leading-to-absorption-1wka4oct.png Figure 2: The process leading to absorption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-onset-of-intrinsic-motivation-2d0yq1q0.png Figure 1: The onset of intrinsic motivation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlations-between-flow-in-musical-120t1cfh.png Table 2: Spearman correlations between flow in musical practice, family musical cultural capital and music participation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pupil-flow-and-pupil-music-participation-in-relation-1oasi31a.png Table 1: Pupil flow and pupil music participation in relation to family musical cultural capital https://scispace.com/papers/hafele-and-keating-on-a-chip-sagnac-interferometry-with-a-4lxsscu3jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-removal-of-trap-asymmetry-via-time-averaging-in-a-3d8bfdgu.png Figure 8. Removal of trap asymmetry via time averaging. In (a) the unmodulated RF-dressed potential is shown on the resonant surface, with corresponding parameters ar = 0.9 G, az = 1.5 G, |u±| = 0.3 G and l = 3. The time averaged adiabatic potential Vavg, with a modulation of az(t) = a0 cos (ωmt) is shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectroscopic-data-of-the-mw-transitions-1-1-2-m-in-3r2xamov.png Figure 3. Spectroscopic data of the MW transitions |1,−1〉 → |2, m̄′〉 in the n = 1 group (a) and all groups (b). The narrow line-width pseudo-clock transition |1,−1〉 → |2, 1〉 used in the interferometer scheme can be seen in (a). The transitions occur at the frequencies given by ωhfs + nωRF + m̄Ω − RF + m̄ ′Ω+RF, where m̄ = −1, ωRF = 180 kHz and Ω ± RF = 12.0 ± 0.2 kHz (with corresponding β± = 24.1± 0.4 mG). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-static-magnetic-field-dependence-of-the-pseudo-2md71wto.png Figure 6. The static magnetic field dependence of the pseudo-clock transitions in group n = 1 is shown in (a) for Bres = 257 mG and ωRF = 180 kHz, with model fits according to Eq. 3, obtaining the value β± = 26 ± 3 mG. This is consistent with our value β = 24.1± 0.4 from the data in Fig. 3. The (pseudo-)clock transitions from m = 0,±1 are shown in red, black and blue respectively. Using the same field magnitudes, the theoretical Rabi frequencies ΩMW of the transition |1,−1〉 → |2,−2〉 in groups n = −3 (solid line) and n = −2 (dashed line) are shown in (b). The normalisation factor Ωnorm accounts for the proportionality to MW dressing field amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cancelling-field-dependence-with-additional-mw-3lhr3b1r.png Figure 7. Cancelling field dependence with additional MW dressing. We prepare a pure RF-dressed |1,−1〉 state before applying a MW-pulse, scanning both the static field near RF resonance and the MW frequency around that of the transition n = 1, |1,−1〉 ↔ |2, 1〉. The colour map denotes population transfer, scaling from dark red (all population in F = 1) to white (all population in F = 2). In (a) the resonance shows a significant dependence on the static field magnitude for no applied MW-dressing. In (b) data is shown for the same parameter range, but with additional MWdressing red-detuned from the n = −2 group. The flatness of the transition frequency is improved by a factor of 4, limited by available MW power. The data in (a) corresponds to the frequency data in Fig. 6a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ramsey-sequence-for-a-trapped-matterwave-1gp7dmyz.png Figure 1. Ramsey sequence for a trapped matterwave interferometer, as seen from an inertial frame Σ. The first π/2-pulse coherently splits the atomic cloud, the π-pulse reverses the accumulation of dynamical phase between the two spin states, and the final π/2-pulse converts the interferometer phase into a population imbalance. The cloud’s trajectory is shown for one part of the generated superposition, which does not appear to complete a full cycle due to rotation of the laboratory frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-loading-of-atoms-into-a-ring-shaped-trap-an-1hflyq69.png Figure 10. Loading of atoms into a ring-shaped trap. An imaging beam reflects off the atom-chip surface and the waveplate, resulting in a mirror image (top absorption image) and real image (bottom absorption image) of magnetically trapped atoms, as seen in (a). In (b) an expanded view of a loading attempt into a magnetic quadrupole ring trap is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-our-atom-chip-assembly-is-shown-in-a-a-magneto-1xo67fb2.png Figure 9. Our atom-chip assembly is shown in (a). A magneto-optical trap is created at about 2 cm distance from a surface mounted and rear coated λ/4 waveplate (centre blue disk). Magnetically trapped atoms are then transported to two atom-chips (gold black squares) using a printed circuit board (white gold structure). Additional coils generate RFfields for atom transport around the ring. The microwave antenna (to the right of the PCB) creates a linearly polarised magnetic field in the x-y plane. The entire assembly faces down when in the vacuum chamber. In (b) the central structure of the top-layer atom-chip is shown. Two closely spaced layers create a ring quadrupole of radius r0 = 0.5 mm. The two layers produce identical fields away from the opposite feed points. A CAD drawing of the micro-fabricated RF-coil is shown in (c), which is placed between the top-layer atom-chip and the PCB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interferometry-data-for-rf-dressed-free-falling-1451jfo4.png Figure 4. Interferometry data for RF-dressed, free falling atoms is shown in (a) as a colour map of the population fraction in the F = 1 level (NF=1/Ntot) after the full three-pulse Ramsey sequence. Atoms begin in |1,−1〉, and the axes show the MW detuning from resonance for the transition to |2, 1〉 (normalised by the Rabi frequency of the driving ΩMW), and the phase difference Φref of the final MW-pulse. The normalised sequence timing is TΩMW = 7.5. In (b) we show the theoretical prediction of the same data, as given by a full treatment of the evolution operators and a measured Rabi frequency of ΩMW = 540 ± 4 Hz. This shows good agreement with the data. In (c) both the theoretical (black) and measured (red) population fraction at zero-detuning are shown, with a fit to the data which illustrates the slight offset in phase. This plot corresponds to the data and theory in (a) and (b) at the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/papers/hall-conductance-in-graphene-with-point-defects-57p0y2s3cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-integer-quantum-hall-conductance-for-graphene-with-188kx57r.png Figure 3. Integer quantum Hall conductance for graphene with point defects; only the first order interactions are considered. For all of the calculations α = p/q = 7/3; (a) HEppπ = 2Hppπ, (b) H E ppπ = 3 2 Hppπ, (c) H E ppπ = Hppπ, (d) H E ppπ = 3 4 Hppπ, (e) H E ppπ = 1 2 Hppπ, (f) HEppπ = 1 4 Hppπ, and (g) H E ppπ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-change-in-the-band-structure-of-impure-graphene-3oq39jp0.png Figure 6. The change in the band structure of impure graphene as a function of impurity hopping strength. p = 80 and q = 31; both the first and the second neighbor interactions are considered. The conduction values along the vertical dotted lines can be inspected from figure 4. The impurity bands leave the bulk of the spectrum and create their own self-similar structure with the critical value of the impurity hopping strength t′/t ≥ 1.2. The higher hopping constant impurities are responsible for the gaps with nonzero Hall conductance values beyond this point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-magnetic-unit-cell-of-graphene-in-which-4q-atoms-37qez540.png Figure 1. (a) Magnetic unit cell of graphene, in which 4q atoms are connected. The unit cell with a basis of two atoms is indicated within the smaller parallelogram. (b) Larger magnetic unit cell of graphene suitable for point defect calculations through which 32q atoms are connected. The unit cell has eight atoms in the basis shown within the boundaries of the smaller parallelogram, and the atom labeled ‘e’ is the defect atom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integer-quantum-hall-conductance-for-graphene-with-2llyqc2t.png Figure 4. Integer quantum Hall conductance for graphene with point defects; both the first and the second order interactions are considered. For all of the calculations α = p/q = 7/3; (a) HEppπ = 2Hppπ and H 2(E) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-portion-of-hofstadter-butterflies-for-graphene-with-1zijkam6.png Figure 5. Portion of Hofstadter butterflies for graphene with point defects. The Hall conduction values of main gaps are marked on the graphs. (a) First order interactions; the atom labeled ‘e’ has HEppπ = 1 4 Hppπ. (b) Both the first and the second order interactions are involved; the atom labeled ‘e’ has HEppπ = 1 2 Hppπ and H 2(E) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-hall-conductance-spectrum-for-graphene-with-q-44qzlvp7.png Figure 2. (a) The Hall conductance spectrum for graphene with q = 3 and p = 1. The plateaus have constant conductances proportional to n× e2/h, where n = +2,−2,+2,−2, 0. (b) The Hall conductance spectrum for graphene with q = 5 and p = 1. The plateaus have constant conductances proportional to n× e2/h, where n = +2,+4,+6,−2,+2,−6,−4,−2, 0. (c) The Hall anomalous conductance spectrum for graphene with q = 15 and p = 1. The plateaus around EF = 0 have constant conductances proportional to n× e2/h, where n = −6,−2,+2,+6. The steps have conductance values as a set of even integers. (d) The Hall anomalous conductance spectrum for graphene with q = 25 and p = 1. The plateaus around EF = 0 have constant conductances proportional to n× e2/h, where n = −10,−6,−2,+2,+6,+10. The insets are the density of states data. https://scispace.com/papers/halogens-in-igneous-processes-and-their-fluxes-to-the-4vm203b0sc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1208-2tf9180h.png Figure 1. 1208 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1217-lyki5prg.png Figure 4. 1217 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1215-3pfx89ur.png Figure 3. 1215 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1212-28sgjp29.png Figure 2. 1212 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1196-plume-measurements-of-high-temperature-halogen-1rr00yi7.png Table 4. 1196 Plume measurements of high-temperature halogen to SO2 ratios associated with volcanic systems emitting a high SO2 flux. 1197 https://scispace.com/papers/hamiltonian-fluid-reductions-of-drift-kinetic-equations-and-3keu10v0na 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-representing-the-nature-of-the-parametric-ptgouoa7.png FIG. 1. Diagram representing the nature of the parametric solutions given by Eqs. (15) and (16) as a function of b and c. In each regions, the insets represent the solutions S3(S2). All the quantities are expressed in arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s3-given-by-eq-16-as-a-function-of-s2-given-by-eq-15-26dlt1c0.png FIG. 2. S3 (given by Eq. (16)) as a function of S2 (given by Eq. (15)) for b = 0.4 and c = 8(b/3) 3/2 (which corresponds to ∆ = 0). All the quantities are expressed in arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/papers/hand-radiograph-analysis-and-joint-space-location-5e14y77wq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-exemplary-input-image-a-the-binary-image-obtained-as-a-2lsjw8nd.png Fig. 3. Exemplary input image (a), the binary image obtained as a result of the Otsu algorithm combined with an input image (b), five proper branches obtained from Fake-Branch-Elimination procedure applied to the input image (c), border of the lower and upper surface of the middle finger (d) and joint space location schema (e) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-line-segment-1-shifted-to-the-left-3-5-and-right-2-4-7hwvz17p.png Fig. 6. Line segment (1) shifted to the left (3, 5) and right (2, 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hand-anatomy-2av1s41h.png Fig. 1. Hand anatomy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-skeleton-with-incorrect-branches-in-index-and-little-1ef7bfsm.png Fig. 4. Skeleton with incorrect branches in index and little finger (a) and line segment of DPBP analysis (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-joint-width-within-normal-limits-approximately-2-mm-a-1y90h32z.png Fig. 2. Joint width within normal limits – approximately 2 mm (a), and a narrowed joint – less than 1 mm (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-profile-plots-of-line-segments-from-fig-6-3s6nqbam.png Fig. 7. Profile plots of line segments from Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-profile-plot-created-utilizing-the-values-of-the-2a80hk5b.png Fig. 5. The profile plot created, utilizing the values of the pixels underneath line segment CA from Fig. 4b https://scispace.com/papers/handling-of-uncertainty-in-life-cycle-inventory-by-1xqaq68hiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlated-bivariate-distributions-with-marginal-a-1c0pzmd5.png Figure 1. Correlated bivariate distributions with marginal: a) normal; b) uniform; c) lognormal distributions for two environmental burdens in the life cycle inventory, carbon dioxide and methane, for one kg of the raw material propylene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pareto-set-of-solutions-for-the-deterministic-and-2hpwq7zr.png Figure 2. Pareto set of solutions for the deterministic and stochastic design with no burden correlation and correlating the two contaminants with more contribution to the GWP. https://scispace.com/papers/hands-on-practical-chemistry-for-all-4gobcrypj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3jtxwtur.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-4x88uldi.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3e2jhn12.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/hardening-mechanism-of-commercially-pure-mg-processed-by-34gyrovjjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optical-microscope-images-of-the-extruded-mg-processed-13w89w20.png Fig. 8 Optical microscope images of the extruded Mg processed by 1/8 turn of HPT. (a) full image (b) enlarged image in the centre; (c) enlarged image in the area close to the edge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-texture-of-the-extruded-mg-eextrusion-direction-is-at-neeob3ce.png Fig. 12 Texture of the extruded Mg. Eextrusion direction is at the pole figure top, which is corresponding to the direction of N, see Fig. 2 (contour levels = 1.0x, 2.0x, 3.0x…). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-the-equivalent-strain-of-hpt-on-vickers-1kvltj4p.png Fig. 1 Effect of the equivalent strain of HPT on Vickers hardness of Al1050 and the pure Mg processed by half a turn of HPT. Data of Al1050 and the pure Mg are from Refs 19 and 22, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shows-microhardness-of-the-as-cast-mg-and-the-extruded-dckr3und.png Fig. 4 shows microhardness of the as-cast Mg and the extruded Mg after the various HPT turns plotted against the equivalent strain at the position where the microhardness was measured. The equivalent strain, at each position is here calculated through [19,35]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-the-equivalent-strain-on-microhardness-of-1nm6vqux.png Fig. 4 shows microhardness of the as-cast Mg and the extruded Mg after the various HPT turns plotted against the equivalent strain at the position where the microhardness was measured. The equivalent strain, at each position is here calculated through [19,35]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-shows-the-hardness-anisotropy-in-our-samples-as-a-gp6eoek6.png Fig. 15 shows the hardness anisotropy in our samples as a function of d -1/2 , with HVan representing the difference of microhardness measured on the same sample along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the basal plane. The data is for the as-cast Mg processed by 1/8 turn of HPT, the extruded Mg and the extruded Mg processed by eight turns of HPT (data taken from Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 10 and Fig. 14). The data in Fig. 15 is close to being on a straight line, which supports the above analysis. The abcissa with the vertical axis is at HVan = 14 HV, which, according to the latter equation, should equal CMc. As CMc should equal about 45HV, we find M /M = 0.3. This is not unreasonable seeing that M values for textured fcc metals can vary in similar magnitude. Extrapolation in Fig. 15 further suggest that HVan changes sign at about d=0.2m. This can be rationalised as follows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optical-microscope-images-of-the-extruded-mg-processed-hxg8ln62.png Fig. 7 Optical microscope images of the extruded Mg processed by (a) 1/8; (b) 1/4: (c) 1/2; and (d) 1 turn of HPT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-texture-of-the-as-cast-mg-processed-by-1-8-one-and-14ifax65.png Fig. 11 Texture of the as-cast Mg processed by 1/8, one and eight turns of HPT. Definition of R, H and N is presented in Fig. 2 (contour levels = 1.0x, 2.0x, 3.0x…). https://scispace.com/papers/hands-on-reconfigurable-robotic-surgical-instrument-holder-qug8aw56x5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hamlyn-arm-with-an-endoscopic-instrument-attached-1yxswsxx.png Fig. 1. The Hamlyn Arm with an endoscopic instrument attached. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-from-hands-on-reconfiguration-experiment-vjw0tw4t.png TABLE II RESULTS FROM HANDS-ON RECONFIGURATION EXPERIMENT SHOWING MEAN±SD AND (MIN−MAX) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-from-reconfiguration-experiments-2q6ax0k4.png Fig. 7. Results from reconfiguration experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hamlyn-arm-end-effector-with-a-tool-and-a-force-sensor-1omu6jrt.png Fig. 2. Hamlyn Arm end effector with a tool and a force sensor mounted https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-from-hands-on-positioning-experiment-showing-2aoukaov.png TABLE I RESULTS FROM HANDS-ON POSITIONING EXPERIMENT SHOWING MEAN±SD AND (MIN−MAX) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-components-a-kuka-lwr4-b-kuka-lbr-iiwa-c-ati-1c6zw0a1.png Fig. 3. System components: A) KUKA LWR4+, B) KUKA LBR iiwa, C) ATI Mini40, D) Tool, E) Tube, F) Adjustable weights https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-user-manipulation-force-1uuzur2p.png Fig. 4. Comparison of user manipulation force https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experiment-setup-for-targeting-and-reconfiguration-1vlolqu5.png Fig. 5. Experiment setup for targeting and reconfiguration tasks https://scispace.com/papers/hardware-sequencing-of-inflatable-nonlinear-actuators-for-lghie8yp7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-12-21-sequence-originating-from-two-actuators-3m3avsjn.png Figure 3. (A) 12|21 sequence originating from two actuators with offset PV characteristics connected in parallel. (B) Global PV characteristics from inflation this system. The volume distribution between actuators in terms of the total input volume is indicated by the colored areas and is shown on inset images. (C) The global characteristics can be analyzed by flipping the PV curve of actuator 2 along its pressure axis and translating it along the horizontal axis with the total input volume of the system. This is done here for a total input volume 𝑽∗ and 𝑽∗∗. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-b-overview-picture-of-the-developed-tetrapod-2xt2f16t.png Figure 6 (A,B) Overview picture of the developed tetrapod robot, where each leg is powered using two nonlinear actuators. (C) The blue colored actuators induce a vertical lift of the robot body. (D) The orange colored actuators drive the robot forward. (E) By sequentially actuating the blue and orange actuators in 12|12, a stepping motion is generated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-12-12-sequence-created-when-a-flow-restriction-is-1adt4ii7.png Figure 4. (A) 12|12 sequence created when a flow restriction (∆𝒑) is placed between two identical actuators. (B) A flow restriction offsets the PV characteristic of actuator 2 relative to actuator 1, by ∆𝒑 upwards during inflation (rising arrows) and downwards during deflation (descending arrows). (C) The resulting system characteristics during inflation and (D) during deflation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tethering-concepts-of-soft-robots-where-each-degree-1ro50z5m.png Figure 1. Tethering concepts of soft robots where each degree-of-freedom is actuated using a dedicated controlled fluidic input (A), that can be reduced to a single fluidic tether and internal valves with electrical tethers (B). By tuning the non-linear properties of the actuators with intermediate flow restrictions this can be further reduced to a single fluidic supply tube, without the need for internal valves (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-movie-still-takes-the-tetrapod-robot-for-different-35kdzgwv.png Figure 7. Movie still takes the tetrapod robot for different modes of locomotion: (A) walking with four tethers and (B) crawling with one tether. Images taken from Movie S4 and Movie S7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-modeled-two-actuator-system-that-incorporates-the-z408424m.png Figure 5. (A) Modeled two-actuator system that incorporates the measured PV curve of a prototype actuator, where the actuators are placed in series with a supply tube length 𝑳𝟏 and an interconnecting tube length 𝑳𝟐. (B) Modeled dynamic response to a block pressure pulse as a function of individual actuator volume, where 𝑳𝟏 is fixed to 1m and two values of 𝑳𝟐 are used: 0.3m (solid lines) and 8m (dashed lines). The real response of this two-actuator system has been captured as a function of individual actuator volume (C), using video recording (D and Movie S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-design-of-an-elastic-inflatable-n6g6qc20.png Figure 2. (A) Schematic design of an elastic inflatable actuator consisting of a highly flexible inner latex tube that is inserted into a slitted outer braid. (B) Upon inflation, the volume increase is transformed into an axial contraction of the actuator. (C) Pressure and length versus input volume, recorded using a syringe pump and simultaneously recording pressure using a pressure transducer and a deformation measurement using subsequent camera images. https://scispace.com/papers/hardware-support-for-embedded-java-54ti7tdb98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-block-diagram-of-jop-from-51-32imwigg.png Figure 1.3: Block diagram of JOP (from [51]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-object-cache-with-associativity-of-two-and-four-2p39nqmh.png Figure 1.4: Object cache with associativity of two and four fields per object (from [47]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-relevant-java-processors-for-embedded-java-14pb191s.png Table 1.1: Relevant Java processors for embedded Java https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-block-diagram-of-picojava-ii-from-60-1xw15k7y.png Figure 1.1: Block diagram of picoJava-II (from [60]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-a-common-folding-pattern-that-is-executed-in-a-2pdd5ych.png Figure 1.2: A common folding pattern that is executed in a single cycle with instruction folding https://scispace.com/papers/harmonic-interaction-analysis-in-grid-connected-converter-mtgxilrd9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-hss-plecs-and-experimental-results-grid-12iaqt4h.png Fig. 5. Simulation (HSS, PLECS) and experimental results. Grid-side inductor current simulation (harmonic = −40th − 40th) waveform and FFT from distorted grid voltage: (a) case A and (b) case B (blue = PLECS, red = HSS). Grid-side inductor current experimental waveform and FFT from distorted grid voltage: (c) case A and (d) case B (blue = grid-side current, cyan = grid voltage, red = FFT waveform of grid-side current). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-result-for-the-verification-of-harmonic-1ef4nf5s.png Fig. 4. Simulation result for the verification of harmonic interaction. (a) Time-domain simulation using the HSS method. (b) Dynamic response for harmonic interaction in the time domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-connection-of-two-hss-models-topology-part-22-and-3tacz10l.png Fig. 3. Connection of two HSS models [Topology part (22) and Controller part (32)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagramof-a-three-phase-grid-connected-converter-1dcopyil.png Fig. 1. Block diagramof a three-phase grid-connected converter. (a) Topology. (b) Controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linearization-of-a-three-phase-grid-connected-q560kxpu.png Fig. 2. Linearization of a three-phase grid-connected converter. (a) AC/DC filter. (b) Switching network. https://scispace.com/papers/harmonic-mixing-in-two-coupled-qubits-quantum-4mdlhj967j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-dependence-of-x1-and-z1-measured-in-2id4uro9.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Dependence of 〈X1〉 and 〈Z1〉 (measured in arbitrary units) on the relative phase of two drives of the biharmonic signal at different frequency ratio ω2/ω1 = 2 (a), 3 (b), 4 (c). All other parameters are the same as in Fig. 1. For even frequency ratio, where 〈X1〉 has a peak (Fig. 1), the strong dependence of 〈X1〉(ϕ) and a week dependence of 〈Z1〉(ϕ) occurs, while, for odd ratio of ω2/ω1, dependence of 〈Z1〉(ϕ) is clearly seen and 〈X1〉(ϕ) is negligible. The periods of functions 〈X1〉(ϕ) and 〈Z1〉(ϕ) are controlled by the frequency ratio and are equal to 2πω1/ω2 (for ω2 > ω1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-time-averaged-bloch-tensor-components-x1-2smlqkkj.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Time-averaged Bloch tensor components 〈X1〉 = 〈 0x〉 measured in arbitrary units for two coupled qubits driven by the two harmonic drives [Eq. (2)] with the same parameters as in Fig. 1 and driving frequency ω1 = √ 2 + g2 − g (a) equal to an energy level transition frequency [11] and for ω1 = 2.113( √ 2 + g2 − g) (b), which is away from the energy-level transition. Simulations with a ten-times-denser point mesh for a frequency ratio from 0.01 to 1 [see inset in (a)] uncovered some extra commensurate frequency ratio where peaks in 〈X1〉 occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-time-averaged-bloch-tensor-components-x1-1pcj6nw5.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Time-averaged Bloch tensor components 〈X1〉 = 〈 0x〉 (a) and 〈Z1〉 = 〈 0z〉 (b) measured in arbitrary units for two coupled qubits driven by the two harmonic drives (2) with parameters: A1 = A2 = 10, φ = 0, ω1 = 2 √ 2 + g2 and the averagingtime interval 5.6 × 104 < ωt t < 1.4 × 105 (thus, averaging time T was 8.4 × 104/ω1). Other parameters are the simulation step dt = 1.13 × 10−5, the number of simulation steps 5 × 109, damping = 10−3, coupling constant g = 1, and the tunneling splitting energies = 1. To verify our numerical results we simulate by using both Euler (open circles) and second-order multiderivative methods (solid circles). The time-averaged Bloch tensor element 〈X1〉 responsible for the qubit coherence shows peaks at ω2/ω1 = 2/5,4/5,2,4, while the time-averaged component 〈Z1〉 peaks at ω2/ω1 = 3/5,9/10,3,5. Also, pumping of the excited state for incommensurate frequencies is clearly seen: |〈Z1〉| increases for ω2 2ω1. By simulating the ten-times-denser point mesh for frequency ratios from 0.01 to 1 [see inset in (a)] we have obtained extra commensurate resonance frequency ratios but still could not resolve width resonances, which is consistent (see, e.g., Ref. [21]) with zero-width harmonic mixing resonances in classical nonlinear devices, where the response near resonances behave as cos ωT , where T is the observation time and is detuning. In order to check whether we have a similar behavior for qubit harmonic mixing, we have simulated 〈Z1〉 and 〈X1〉 [panels (c) and (d), respectively] near resonances ω2/ω1 = 3 and 2 with frequency detuning ω < 1/T and observed finite resonance width and oscillations near resonances similar to classical harmonic mixing. https://scispace.com/papers/harvesting-microalgae-using-vibrating-negatively-charged-2hbq3zn8c6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-cwp-membrane-intrinsic-resistance-rm-and-b-critical-225qbwv5.png Fig. 4 (a) CWP, membrane intrinsic resistance (RM) and (b) critical flux (using microalgae broth as feed) of patterned and flat membranes with different sPSf concentrations. Note: the different lower-case letters (for CWP) and capital letters (for RM) in each picture show results that are significantly (P<0.05) different. In (a), the line chart represents RM and the bar chart represents the CWP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-spsf-content-on-the-base-layer-thickness-b-1i5qogvt.png Table 2 Effect of sPSF content on the base layer thickness (B) and the real height (H) and distance (D) of the membrane pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-surface-and-cross-sectional-images-of-patterned-1dlxgxz8.png Fig. 3 Surface and cross-sectional images of patterned membranes (prepared from casting solution with different sPSf concentrations) and a flat membrane as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conversion-of-amplitude-and-frequency-to-shear-rate-2whn4f5f.png Table 1 Conversion of amplitude and frequency to shear rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-foulant-resistance-rf-and-b-membrane-permeance-of-rn7ergyg.png Fig. 5 (a) Foulant resistance (RF) and (b) membrane permeance of membranes prepared from casting solutions with different sPSf concentrations during filtration with and without vibration at a flux of 20 L/m2 h for a miroalgal broth as feed https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-membrane-permeance-for-different-148d6kp5.png Table 3 Comparison of membrane permeance for different membranes and filtration conditions https://scispace.com/papers/have-anglo-saxon-concepts-really-influenced-the-development-3ltwrzb7dc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-commented-b1-the-table-is-now-in-a-separate-file-2bje12f1.png Table I Commented [B1]: The table is now in a separate file. https://scispace.com/papers/have-the-ihs-guidelines-for-controlled-trials-of-acute-2l1nmmguey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scoring-system-adopted-for-evaluating-acute-clinical-uwnrty2n.png Table 1. Scoring system adopted for evaluating acute clinical trials in migraine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-collection-flow-diagram-21g59374.png Figure 1. Data collection flow diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-evaluation-for-acute-treatment-27pn0fsr.png Table 2. Results of the evaluation for acute treatment clinical trials in migraine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-similarities-and-differences-in-the-two-editions-of-3i85snys.png Table 4. Similarities and differences in the two editions of the guidelines for controlled trials of drugs in migraine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-compliance-of-clinical-trials-published-between-2012-vv1u72sk.png Table 3. Compliance of clinical trials published between 2012 and 2018. https://scispace.com/papers/having-a-voice-in-your-group-increasing-productivity-through-1guwfw2lrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-difference-of-work-related-attitudes-between-1tmz3kx3.png Figure 2. Difference of Work-Related Attitudes Between Treatment and Control Workers, Measured One Week and Four Weeks Following the End of the Intervention. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-worker-productivity-comparing-groups-using-2nxx7wdl.png Figure 1. Worker Productivity, Comparing Groups Using Participatory Meetings and Control-Observer Meetings, Across a 27-Week Period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-productivity-change-during-the-six-week-experiment-2rnlxec4.png Table 1. Productivity Change During the Six-Week Experiment Period and Sustained Productivity Change After the Experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/hazardous-zones-within-security-perimeter-comparative-study-1y6diu9a7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-security-perimeter-organization-3s8viscp.png Fig. 1. «Security perimeter» organization https://scispace.com/papers/hd-tdcs-over-mips-causally-modulates-online-reach-correction-74ipac5vq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-experiment-a-sketch-of-experimental-18zlzeuj.png Figure 1. Overview of experiment. (A) Sketch of experimental setup. Participants sat in a 129 chair in front of the tilted surface, which they viewed through a semi-silvered mirror. In this 130 way, visual feedback about their hand position was occluded. (B) General overview of the 131 different sessions. After they completed the functional localizer task in the MRI scanner, 132 participants completed the main experiment on two testing days, separated by one week. (C). 133 Depiction of the different trial types during the experiment. In static trials participants had to 134 perform reaching movements to one of three possible target locations. In the jumping trials 135 participants started their hand movement to the central target but it jumped either to the left or 136 the right at hand movement onset. 137 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mediation-analysis-relationship-between-the-induced-33o1p0z6.png Figure 9. Mediation analysis. Relationship between the induced tangential current, the changes 647 in the TFR response of the EEG and the change in curvature in the behavioral response. Solid 648 arrows depict significant correlations. The partial correlation against the EEG response is 649 reported beneath the relationship of induced current and behavior. 650 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-of-mediation-statistics-depicted-is-the-itbni6hi.png Figure 3. Simulation of mediation statistics. Depicted is the simulated probability of the 415 (false) positive rate (A) and negative rate (B)given different numbers of participants (on the 416 horizontal axes) and varying effect sizes (in different colors). The dashed vertical line represents 417 the number of participants in the present study. 418 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-development-of-curvature-over-time-a-shows-the-1nvc7eh0.png Figure 6. Development of curvature over time. (A) shows the average curvature over time 533 aligned to online correction onset for the different sessions (Baseline = black, Stimulation = red, 534 Post-Stim = blue). The left panel shows the curvature for targets jumping to the right during the 535 sessions with anodal stimulation, the right panel with cathodal stimulation. Curvature was 536 normalized so that the maximum of the baseline was assigned a 1. The shaded area shows the 537 standard error of the mean. (B) depicts the average differences between the peak curvature 538 during baseline and the stimulation. Circles show the effect of anodal stimulation, triangles of 539 cathodal stimulation. Error bars depict the standard error of the mean. The star indicates 540 significance at the 1% level. 541 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationship-between-induced-current-and-behavior-a-fzj0fx0p.png Figure 7. Relationship between induced current and behavior. (A) Relationship between the 569 radial component of the induced current and the difference in peak reach curvature. Targets that 570 jumped to the left are depicted by the black triangles pointing to the left. Targets jumping to the 571 right are depicted by the open triangles pointing to the right. The solid line shows a regression 572 for the targets jumping to the left, the dotted line shows the regression to the data jumping to the 573 right. (B)Similar as A, but here the relationship with the tangential current is plotted. The red 574 data points show the significant relationship between the tangential current and change in peak 575 curvature for targets jumping to the right. 576 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-depiction-of-hand-movements-a-example-reach-fs0h3eek.png Figure 4. Depiction of hand movements (A) Example reach trajectories of one baseline 449 session for one representative participant. Grey paths show movements to static targets, black 450 lines show movements to targets that jumped at hand movement onset. The red circles show the 451 starting position and the possible target locations. (B) Corresponding end points of the reaches 452 in (A). Again grey circles show the end points of movements to static targets, the black circles 453 for the targets that jumped at hand movement onset. The red circles depict the target location. 454 Separate error ellipses were fitted to each of the possible conditions. 455 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tissue-conductivity-values-based-on-wagner-et-al-2vomnape.png Table 1: Tissue Conductivity Values based on Wagner et al., 2004 334 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-source-reconstruction-of-hd-tdcs-over-mips-the-left-1sk1s2lh.png Figure 2. Source reconstruction of HD-tDCS over mIPS. The left medial intraparietal sulcus 310 (mIPS) was localized during a separate functional MRI scan (Methods: Localizer task), and 311 superimposed over a segmented head model (A-E). T1-weighted structural scans were 312 segmented into tissue categories for finite element modeling of the electric field induced by 313 HD-tDCS (Methods: Current Forward Modeling). Visualized is the electric field density across 314 the scalp (A), skull (B), pial layer (C), gray matter (D), and white matter (E), showing a 315 progressive decrease in the strength of the resulting electric field closer to neural tissue. Current 316 models were performed in SimNIBS, with tissue conductivity values given in Table 1. 317 https://scispace.com/papers/hdrm-a-resolution-complete-dynamic-roadmap-for-real-time-197w2qz8y3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experiments-on-a-7-dof-kuka-lwr-robotic-arm-fitted-11fw56so.png Fig. 9: Experiments on a 7-DoF KUKA LWR robotic arm fitted with SCHUNK Dexterous Hand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-2-dof-example-of-hdrm-with-k1-k2-3-the-number-of-1kd6w3v9.png Fig. 4: A 2-DoF example of HDRM with K1 = K2 = 3, the number of roadmap vertices stored in the structure is K1 ×K2 = 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-additional-volume-an-obstacle-in-a-1d4xftv0.png Fig. 3: Illustration of additional volume an obstacle in a discretized workspace occupies in the configuration space. An algorithm is resolution complete if it accounts for the additional increase corridor width f(s) due to discretization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-maximum-discretization-step-n-the-3mmpnnwr.png Fig. 6: Illustration of the maximum discretization step ∆n the n-th joint can take without violating (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-hierarchical-occupation-lists-37ckbnly.png Fig. 7: Illustration of hierarchical occupation lists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-7-dof-kuka-lwr-robot-with-schunk-dexterous-hand-1r7ttde7.png Fig. 1: The 7-DoF KUKA LWR robot with SCHUNK Dexterous Hand operating inside a cage. Left: grasping the target from upright posture; right: dropping the object to the side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-between-classical-drm-and-hdrm-225cjafl.png TABLE II: Comparison between classical DRM and HDRM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-robot-kinematic-analysis-for-creating-hdrm-1gvz5d34.png TABLE I: Robot kinematic analysis for creating HDRM. https://scispace.com/papers/he-i-2-06-micron-emission-from-nebulae-3e0zkh1p2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ehe-i-2-06-km-hb-ratio-as-a-function-of-microturbulent-2pte58nj.png FIG. 4.ÈHe I 2.06 km/Hb ratio as a function of microturbulent velocity. The 50,000 K blackbody continuum was used, with all other parameters held Ðxed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-eionization-fraction-he0-he-solid-line-and-the-ratio-1shfns3t.png FIG. 3.ÈIonization fraction He0/He (solid line) and the ratio of continuum to line opacity b (dotted line), as a function of depth for the 50,000 K model from Fig. 1. b is very large, typically 10~3.5 to 10~3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-edestruction-probability-predicted-by-several-studies-29jr5fuv.png FIG. 2.ÈDestruction probability predicted by several studies is shown. The solid line is for complete redistribution and a Doppler-only core (H68). The long-dashed lower line is the expression from RNF, based on Bonilha et al. (1979), and was used by CLOUDY through version C80. The three other segments are for di†erent line optical depths from HK80. The curves are for their uniform creation case and total mean line optical depths of 104 (HK4), 106 (HK6), and 108 (HK8). For dusty H II regions, b is larger than any value considered by HK80. Version C84 used HK80 and extrapolated where necessary. Versions C90.00 through C90.04 used HK80 but did not extrapolate. For strongly absorbed lines such as He I Lya, the H68 results are now used since they apply for any b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-epredicted-he-i-2-06-km-hb-intensity-ratios-for-a-3tvcyr8l.png FIG. 1.ÈPredicted He I 2.06 km/Hb intensity ratios for a series of simple H II regions. Predictions from several assumed efficiencies for destruction by background opacities are shown. The curves marked C84 and C90 are for previous versions of the code, and the predictions using H68 are shown as C90.05. For low stellar temperatures the ratio increases as the He`/H` ionization increases. It decreases at high temperatures as the He0/He ratio decreases and destruction of He I Lya by background opacities becomes more important. https://scispace.com/papers/health-care-quality-reducing-the-length-of-stay-at-a-pq34u089xf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lognormal-probability-plot-of-the-length-of-stay-1fycuzix.png FIGURE 4 Lognormal probability plot of the length of stay data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dot-plot-of-the-natural-log-of-the-length-of-stay-1ozch1jx.png FIGURE 5 Dot plot of the natural log of the length of stay data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dot-plot-of-the-length-of-stay-for-the-copd-3l7x94tr.png FIGURE 3 Dot plot of the length of stay for the COPD patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-plot-of-the-length-of-stay-versus-case-number-for-2yxtt7ow.png FIGURE 2 A plot of the length of stay versus case number for each of the 146 cases of COPD at the Red Cross Hospital for a period of 12 months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-plot-of-the-log-of-the-length-of-stay-versus-m8paefkd.png FIGURE 16 A plot of the log of the length of stay versus department and urgency; A1¼pulmonary department and A4¼ internal medicine department. The two solid lines connect the averages of the planned versus urgent groups for each department. Nonparallel lines would indicate a possible interaction effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-cases-of-the-study-in-each-of-four-19frzh90.png TABLE 4 Number of Cases of the Study in each of Four Categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-variance-table-for-testing-department-3t6epcf7.png TABLE 5 Analysis of Variance Table for Testing Department, Urgency, and Their Interaction; The Two Outliers Removed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1brue1i5.png TABLE 1 Continued https://scispace.com/papers/health-expenditure-and-income-in-the-united-states-41cnff0aaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cips-panel-unit-roots-tests-2yn6aowb.png Table 4: CIPS panel unit roots tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-income-elasticity-of-health-15eiseqt.png Table 7: Estimation results: income elasticity of health expenditure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cross-section-dependence-in-the-rst-di-erences-of-35jqvk2j.png Table 2: Cross section dependence in the rst di¤erences of the logarithm of real per-capita health https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-of-pairwise-correlation-coec-cients-within-3r0k5glg.png Table 3: Average of pairwise correlation coe¢ cients within and between BEA regions of https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cce-estimate-of-the-coec-cients-by-state-22kihz1l.png Table 6: CCE estimate of the coe¢ cients by State https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-error-correction-model-3k320xgu.png Table 10: Error correction model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cross-section-dependence-in-residuals-from-cadf-zs8yzp0a.png Table 5: Cross section dependence in residuals from CADF regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grouping-of-states-in-bea-regions-a-3fo0yqdd.png Table 1: Grouping of States in BEA Regions(A) https://scispace.com/papers/health-related-consequences-of-physical-and-sexual-violence-2mlhybm3d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unadjusted-mean-short-form-36-scores-by-reported-2wyphvjv.png Table 2. Unadjusted Mean Short Form-36 Scores by Reported Military Violence Type (N 5 537) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adjusted-mean-short-form-36-scores-by-reported-2jjk0srf.png Table 3. Adjusted Mean Short Form-36 Scores by Reported Military Violence Type (N 5 537) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-by-type-of-in-military-14wzaw15.png Table 1. Sample Characteristics by Type of In-Military Violence Experienced https://scispace.com/papers/health-physics-aspects-of-nuclear-radiations-from-deuterium-1frn1rmujq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neutron-yields-and-dose-rates-for-various-neutral-jsp7rbxa.png Table 1. Neutron yields and dose rates for various neutral beam injector systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neutron-yield-from-gas-cell-p-r-ampere-of-beam-current-a7gvmpcr.png Fig. 3. Neutron yield from gas cell p~r ampere of beam current per https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-x-ray-dose-ratesa-due-to-backstreaming-u0su3co8.png Table 3. X-ray dose ratesa due to backstreaming . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-mass-attenuation-coefficient-p-cm2-g-93uxgq5b.png Table 2. Values of the mass attenuation coefficient, ~/p (cm2/g) and the mass energy transfer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-0-d-neutron-yield-per-ampere-of-deuterium-beam-from-zvlqh631.png Fig. 2. 0-D neutron yield per ampere of deuterium beam from copper https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-ornl-plt-neutral-beam-injection-2b7rasn6.png Fig. 1. A schematic of the ORNL/PLT Neutral Beam Injection System. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-maximum-permissible-dose-levels-3ik16mq8.png Table 4. Maximum permissible dose levels https://scispace.com/papers/health-spending-and-public-pension-evidence-from-panel-data-203qx2yvce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-of-the-static-model-fixed-effects-oi1s7n23.png Table 2: Regression results of the static model (fixed effects)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-dynamic-model-a-3qdadled.png Table 3: Regression results (dynamic model)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-results-of-the-dynamic-model-two-periods-nw3gjv30.png Table 7: Regression results of the dynamic model: two periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-of-the-static-model-two-periods-38ix2siu.png Table 6: Regression results of the static model: two periods (fixed effects)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statisticsa-26655z8m.png Table 1: Descriptive statisticsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-with-country-specific-time-trend-3gj5iokv.png Table 5: Regression results with country-specific time trend: dynamic modela https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-with-country-specific-time-trend-243xk8vh.png Table 4: Regression results with country-specific time trend: fixed effectsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-trend-of-averaged-variables-1980-2005-average-28oexua0.png Figure 1: Time trend of averaged variables, 1980-2005 (average of 21 countries) https://scispace.com/papers/health-shocks-disability-and-work-2cquc5ccnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yearly-incidences-of-different-types-of-accidents-yz0vpqfl.png Table 1 Yearly incidences of different types of accidents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-disability-rates-of-males-and-females-2d1kv20j.png Fig. 3. Disability rates of males and females. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-annual-incidence-rates-of-health-shocks-for-males-3mmt777v.png Fig. 4. The annual incidence rates of health shocks for males and females. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-disability-and-employment-states-3im5h6he.png Fig. 5. Disability and employment states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fit-of-the-model-4n3ruyvp.png Fig. 6. Fit of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-parameter-estimates-of-the-logit-model-for-health-med57f64.png Table 4a Parameter estimates of the logit model for health shock probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transition-matrices-between-work-and-disability-2h6662b4.png Table 2 Transition matrices between work and disability states by gender. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sample-mean-of-the-individual-characteristics-49o286jv.png Table 3 Sample mean of the individual characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/healthcare-reform-in-china-making-sense-of-a-policy-1uq8zyir3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-key-national-health-care-reform-in-china-oqy0czm7.png Figure 1. Summary of key national health care reform in China (adapted from Barber et al. 2013) https://scispace.com/papers/healthy-aims-developing-new-medical-implants-and-diagnostic-3ki9cico4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implantable-lithium-ion-battery-characteristics-2v7pv3en.png TABLE 1 Implantable lithium-ion battery characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-retinal-stimulator-for-the-healthy-aims-retinal-yx0jyx0t.png Figure 2. Retinal stimulator for the Healthy Aims retinal implant system. The electrode array is 4 × 5.5 mm, and the electronics is approximate 25 mm in diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-elements-of-the-medical-implant-communication-2agdr92x.png Figure 8. Elements of the medical Implant Communication Service https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-3d-retina-electrode-array-with-234-individually-11kiv98q.png Figure 3. A 3D retina electrode array with 234 individually addressable https://scispace.com/papers/heat-kernel-laplace-beltrami-operator-on-digital-surfaces-2xva578s29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-convolution-between-the-heat-2p49stzt.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the convolution between the heat kernel e in green and differences of g evaluated at x and y. The kernel distance is in orange. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-images-of-the-reconstruction-using-an-increasing-jw7rf1cw.png Fig. 4. Images of the reconstruction using an increasing number of eigenvectors k. (First row) using LCOMBI , (second row) with L?h (r = 6 for [4] and th = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-various-laplacians-see-text-for-the-itga3ijz.png Table 1. Properties of various laplacians. See text for the description of each property. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multigrid-convergence-graphs-for-various-functions-on-rnjx2h3x.png Fig. 3. Multigrid convergence graphs for various functions on S2 the unit sphere. Both l2 error in plain line and l∞ in dashed line are displayed for LCOMBI , LMESH ,LPMESH , and L?h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eigenfunctions-are-displayed-on-a-simple-cube-with-odad0i35.png Fig. 5. Eigenfunctions are displayed on a simple cube with faces aligned with the grid axes (with a red to blue colormap and zero-crossing in white). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-heat-diffusion-on-a-cube-aligned-with-r3-axis-first-1o964b7s.png Fig. 6. Heat diffusion on a cube aligned with R3 axis. (First column) using LCOMBI , (second column) using L?h and (third column, with th = 4) using a direct diffusion. The rightmost picture shows staircases on the rotated cube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-ldec-left-and-lcot-right-on-triangular-3dsx0la2.png Fig. 1. Illustration of LDEC (left), and LCOT (right) on triangular meshes. For LCOT the area of integration Aw is one third the area of all triangles incident on vertex w in green. For LDEC the dual structure is in orange and the dual of the edge ewp is in blue. https://scispace.com/papers/helper-dependent-adenovirus-vectors-devoid-of-all-viral-hewsh2mlm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-inflammatory-cells-infiltrating-the-myocardium-after-1mfg5eiu.png Fig. 3 A Inflammatory cells infiltrating the myocardium after gene transfer with E1 (upper row) and HD vectors (middle row). Control hearts received virus dilution buffer (PBS; lower row). Immunostainings for CD4, ED1-like, CD8 , and TCR (columns from the left to the right; original magnification, 100x). B Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cell markers. Macrophages and T cells were less abundant with HD compared with E1 vectors. Data are mean percent positive-staining myocardial areas ±SD. § = p<0.05 with the Wallis-Kruskal test (3 group-analysis); * = p<0.05 with the Wilcoxon test (rank sums; 2 group-analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photomicrograph-showing-gfp-expression-in-rat-3amoa3nj.png Fig. 1 Photomicrograph showing GFP expression in rat cardiomyocytes after HD vector-mediated in vivo gene transfer. The GFP expressing cells were readily identified as myocytes based on the characteristic morphology (original magnification, 500x) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-gfp-content-in-cardiac-extracts-at-varying-time-38hroql4.png Fig. 2 A GFP content in cardiac extracts at varying time intervals after gene transfer with E1 vectors (determined by ELISA). B GFP content in hearts injected with HD vectors. C GFP content in hearts injected with RA/TSA or PBS 10 weeks after HD vector injection, 4 days before analysis. Individual (circles) and median values (horizontal lines) are shown for each time point. Peak GFP levels with the two vectors were observed 1 week after gene transfer and were comparable to each other; however, they rapidly declined thereafter. Intramyocardial RA/TSA administration at 10 weeks was associated with detectable GFP expression in 2 out of 3 hearts injected with HD vectors. Data are nanograms GFP normalized for 1 gram of tissue (logarithmic scale) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cytokine-mrna-expression-in-cardiac-extracts-with-hd-175zi3yb.png Fig. 4 Cytokine mRNA expression in cardiac extracts with HD vectors normalized for cytokine expression with E1 vectors. Data are 2– CT (values above and below the dotted line = 1.0 show induced and inhibited cytokine expression, respectively, using HD vectors relative to that with E1 vectors (logarithmic scale; * = p<0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hd-vector-mediated-gfp-gene-transfer-into-a-rat-artery-bypm02xi.png Fig. 5 HD vector-mediated GFP gene transfer into a rat artery. Two GFP-expressing endothelial cells are visualized by direct fluorescence microscopy (original magnification, 500x) https://scispace.com/papers/helicopter-borne-transient-electromagnetics-in-high-latitude-3cwlx2tqit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-aem-data-compared-with-dvdp-11-borehole-ziuqb31u.png Figure 7. AEM data compared with DVDP 11 borehole temperatures (Decker and Bucher, 1982) and salinity (McGinnis et al., 1982). The DVDP 11 borehole location is marked in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-profile-along-length-of-tg-inset-map-of-area-wlb-1m1n2n0n.png Figure 10. Profile along length of TG. Inset, map of area; WLB, West Lake Bonney. Blood Falls is at the terminus of TG in WLB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-dual-moment-tem-curve-with-lm-and-hm-the-3ubn3glf.png Figure 1. (a) Typical dual-moment TEM curve with LM and HM (the two curves are normalized by the moment) and (b) the corresponding 29-layer resistivity model with its estimated DOI. The sounding position is indicated on the profile shown in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-resistivity-profile-across-coral-ridge-the-x-axis-3ja621dq.png Figure 9. Resistivity profile across Coral Ridge. The x-axis is (distance) shortened over section of missing data. Inset, map of area; CWG, Commonwealth Glacier; and RS, Ross Sea. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flight-lines-after-data-processing-with-data-15tqxzzq.png Figure 3. Flight lines after data processing with data residual for (a) Taylor Glacier (TG) and (c) Taylor Valley (TV), and DOI for (b) TG and (d) TV as colored points. The dashed white line corresponds to the profile shown in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/papers/heavy-metals-accumulation-in-willows-growing-on-spolic-15oqqhbeir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-chemophysical-properties-of-the-studied-3izkubk0.png Table 1 Selected chemophysical properties of the studied soils. All data expressed as mean values±S.D (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concentration-of-heavy-metals-in-salix-spp-mg-kg-1-1pnh2f3a.png Table 4 Concentration of heavy metals in Salix spp. (mg kg−1 dry weight). All the values are mean https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-correlation-coefficient-calculated-on-the-uxy9d3p0.png Table 3 Linear correlation coefficient calculated on the concentrations of metals in soils. Indicates correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). https://scispace.com/papers/hepatectomy-and-liver-regeneration-from-experimental-1egxxenwto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-study-of-dynamic-human-liver-regeneration-a-hepatic-230drtoe.png Fig. 3. Study of dynamic human liver regeneration. (a) Hepatic extraction fraction (HEF), Tmax and T1/2 in each one of the evaluations (T0, T5 or T30 days after hepatectomy) as showed graphically. Time made no differences on HEF and Tmax; however, it had a significant statistical effect on T1/2 (P value <0.001), which is visible graphically, in individuals submitted to minor hepatic resection (MIHR) (P < 0.040), as well as those who underwent major hepatic resection (MAHR) (P < 0.035). (b) 99mTc-mebrofenin scintigraphic images obtained on a patient with colorectal liver metastases submitted to a major hepatic resection (MAHR) 1 day before hepatectomy (T0), 5 days (T5) and 30 days after hepatectomy (T30). (c) 99mTc-mebrofenin scintigraphic images obtained on a patient with colorectal liver metastases submitted to a minor hepatic resection (MIHR) 1 day before hepatectomy (T0), 5 days (T5) and 30 days after hepatectomy (T30). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-between-post-operative-hepatic-extraction-3jnso4dk.png Fig. 2. Correlation between post-operative hepatic extraction fraction (HEF), T1/2, Tmax calculation after 99mTc-mebofrenin administration and bromodeoxyuridine deoxyribonucleic acid (BrdU) incorporation after rat 85% hepatectomy. (a) Positive correlation between hepatocyte proliferation evaluated by BrdU staining and HEF after rat 85% hepatectomy. (b) Negative correlation between hepatocyte proliferation evaluated by BrdU staining and T1/2 after rat 85% partial hepatectomy. (c) Negative correlation between hepatocyte proliferation evaluated by BrdU staining and Tmax after rat 85% partial hepatectomy. (d) Hepatocyte proliferation evaluated by BrdU staining 24 h after rat 85% hepatectomy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-between-post-operative-hepatic-extraction-3h8fs6wi.png Fig. 1. Correlation between post-operative hepatic extraction fraction (HEF), T1/2, Tmax and rat liver/bodyweight. (a) Positive correlation between HEF kinetics and liver/bodyweight ratio after the 85% partial hepatectomy. (b) Negative correlation between T1/2 and liver/bodyweight ratio (LW/AW) after 85% hepatectomy. (c) Negative correlation between Tmax and liver/bodyweight ratio (LW/AW) after 85% hepatectomy. (d) 99mTc-mebrofenin scintigraphic static image in animal models before and 24 h after 85% partial hepatectomy. https://scispace.com/papers/herbage-yields-in-relation-to-soil-and-water-and-assimilated-293kk2vrk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-measured-and-predicted-yields-from-9xiysf8h.png Table 4. Comparison of measured and predicted yields from nitrogen treated plots at 5 18 M altitude. https://scispace.com/papers/herbivore-resistance-to-seaweed-chemical-defense-the-roles-713qaxxkub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-abundances-of-three-amphipod-species-on-green-seaweeds-cr7gp715.png FIG. 2. Abundances of three amphipod species on green seaweeds (mostly Viva curvata and Enteromorpha linza) and Dictyota menstrualis at Lennoxville Point, North Carolina, USA, during summer 1988. Each symbol represents the mean ± I SE of 5-7 samples. Means of zero (i.e., symbols on the x axis) indicate that the plant was present and was sampled but no amphipods of this species were present; absence ofa symbol in a given month means that the plant was not present, and not sampled (green algae were present only from May to July, and Dictyota only from July onward; thus July was the only month in which both algae were present). Means with the same letter in a given month, or no letter, do not differ significantly (P > 0.05, t test, see Results: Amphipod field abundances). Note different scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-ofa-field-experiment-measuring-the-change-in-299za3oa.png FIG. 5. Results ofa field experiment measuring the change in mass of the green seaweed Viva sp. and the brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis (A) and loss of amphipods that had been attached to each alga (B), after 24 h in the field at Lennoxville Point. The P value in (A) shows a highly significant effect on algal mass change of the interaction between algal species and caging treatments (two-way ANOV A), confirming that Viva was grazed much more heavily than Dictyota. The P value in (B) is from Fisher's exact test of the difference between Viva and Dictyota in the number of replicate plants retaining at least one attached amphipod at the end of the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-an-experiment-examining-pin-fish-lagodon-3hkv5ien.png TABLE 3. Results of an experiment examining pin fish (Lagodon rhomboides) predation on the amphipod Gammarus mucronatus on two algal substrata. Data are pooled for both days on which the experiment was conducted. Analysis and labels as in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mobilities-of-two-amphipods-as-a-function-of-the-i0suvzz2.png FIG. 4. Mobilities of two amphipods as a function of the species of alga initially occupied, and presence of visual and chemical cues from a predator, the pin fish Lagodon rhomboides. In each replicate container (n = 10), 10 amphipods were placed on the initially occupied plant. Histogram bars represent mean ± I SE. Statistical analyses are discussed in Results: Mobility experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-feeding-by-three-herbivorous-amphipod-species-on-the-2pbdwfji.png TABLE I. Feeding by three herbivorous amphipod species on the brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis. Significance of grazing was determined by comparing mass loss of Dictyota in the presence vs. absence of amphipods. P values are derived from t tests (on log-transformed data for Ampithoe longimana); P values >0.10 are listed as NS (nonsignificant). n = the number of independent, replicate containers in which algal mass change was measured. https://scispace.com/papers/herpesviruses-including-novel-gammaherpesviruses-are-1w0wfpupy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phylogenetic-tree-of-herpesviral-partial-396-3t7e5kle.png FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree of herpesviral partial 396 nucleotides DNA polymerase (DPOL) genes consensus sequences. A phylogenetic tree containing 51 herpesvirus DPOL partial nucleotide (nt) sequences (with a 396 nt DNA consensus sequence) was generated by the PHYLM method with 500 bootstrap replicates with Geneious Pro (version 5.6.6) software using a MAFFT alignment. Bootstrap confidence levels are indicated at the nodes. The scale bar reflects evolutionary distance, measured in units of substitution per nt site. Herpesvirus subfamilies and herpesvirus genera are identified by brackets. The arrows indicate the novel phocid seal herpesviruses. Sequences from GenBank were selected as previously described (Bellehumeur et al. 2015b) and include Alcelaphine herpesvirus (HV) 1 (AlHV-1; NC_002531), Ateline HV3 (AtHV-3; NC_001987), Bovine HV1 (BoHV-1; NC_001847), BoHV-4 (NC_002665), BoHV-5 (NC_005261), Cercopithecine HV2 (CeHV-2; AY714813), Delphinid HV4 (DeHV-4; AY952777), DeHV-5 (AY952776), DeHV-6 (DQ288666), Elephantid HV1 (ElHV-1; AF322977), Equid HV1 (EHV-1; NC_001491), EHV-2 (NC_001650), EHV-4 (NC_001844), Gallid HV1 (GaHV-1; NC_006623), GaHV-2 (NC_002229), GaHV-3 (NC_002577), Harp seal HV (HaSHV; KF466473), Human HV1 (HHV-1; NC_001806), HHV-2 (NC_001798), HHV-3 (NC_001348), HHV-4 (NC_007605), HHV-5 (NC_006273), HHV-6 (NC_001664), HHV-7 (NC_001716), HHV-8 (NC_00933), Hooded seal HV (HoSHV; KF466474), Iguanid HV2 (IgHV-2; AY236869), Kogiid HV1 (KoHV-1; AY949830), Loggerhead orocutaneous HV (LOCV; EU004542), Macacine HV1 (McHV-1; NC_004812), McHV-4 (NC_006146), McHV-5 (NC_003401), Meleagrid HV1 (MeHV-1; NC_002641), Murid HV2 (MuHV-2; NC_002512), MuHV-4 (NC_001826), Otariid HV1 (OtHV-1; AF236050), OtHV-3 (JX080682), Ovine HV2 (OvHV-2; NC_007646), Phocid HV1 (PhoHV-1; PHU92269), PhoHV-2 (GQ429152), PhoHV-3 (DQ093191), PhoHV-5 (GQ429153), PhoHV-7 (KP163991), PhoHV-7# (KM262784), PhoHV-7¤ (KP163999), PhoHV-7£ (KP163996), Psittacid HV1 (PsHV-1; NC_005264), Ringed seal HV (RiSHV#; KF466471 and RiSHV¤; KF466472), Saimiriine HV2 (SaHV-2; NC_001350), and Suid HV1 (SuHV-1; NC_006151). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-antibodies-cross-reactive-to-phocid-2xe4y8u4.png TABLE 1. Prevalence of antibodies cross-reactive to phocid herpesvirus 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in eastern Canadian phocid seals (wild and captive) by age and sex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phylogenetic-tree-of-herpesviral-partial-714-vozede0c.png FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of herpesviral partial 714 nucleotides DNA polymerase (DPOL) genes consensus sequences. A phylogenetic tree containing 45 herpesvirus DPOL partial nucleotide (nt) sequences (with a 714-nt DNA consensus sequence) was generated by the PHYLM (PHYlogenetic inferences using maximum likelihood) method with 500 bootstrap replicates with Geneious Pro (version 5.6.6) software using a MAFFT alignment. Bootstrap confidence levels are indicated at the nodes. The scale bar reflects evolutionary distance, measured in units of substitution per nucleotide site. Herpesvirus subfamilies and herpesvirus genera are identified by brackets. The arrows indicate the novel phocid seal herpesviruses. Sequences from GenBank were selected, as previously described (Bellehumeur et al. 2015b), and included Alcelaphine herpesvirus (HV) 1 (AlHV-1; NC_002531), Ateline HV3 (AtHV-3; NC_001987), Bovine HV1 (BoHV-1; NC_001847), BoHV-4 (NC_002665), BoHV-5 (NC_005261), Cercopithecine HV2 (CeHV-2; AY714813), Delphinid HV4 (DeHV-4; AY952777), DeHV-5 (AY952776), DeHV-6 (DQ288666), Elephantid HV1 (ElHV-1; AF322977), Equid HV1 (EHV-1; NC_001491), EHV-2 (NC_001650), EHV-4 (NC_001844), Gallid HV1 (GaHV-1; NC_006623), GaHV-2 (NC_002229), GaHV-3 (NC_002577), Harp seal HV (HaSHV; KF466473), Human HV1 (HHV-1; NC_001806), HHV-2 (NC_001798), HHV-3 (NC_001348), HHV-4 (NC_007605), HHV-5 (NC_006273), HHV-6 (NC_001664), HHV-7 (NC_001716), HHV-8 (NC_00933), Hooded seal HV (HoSHV; KF466474), Iguanid HV2 (IgHV-2; AY236869), Kogiid HV1 (KoHV-1; AY949830), Loggerhead orocutaneous HV (LOCV; EU004542), Macacine HV1 (McHV-1; NC_004812), McHV-4 (NC_006146), McHV-5 (NC_003401), Meleagrid HV1 (MeHV-1; NC_002641), Murid HV2 (MuHV-2; NC_002512),MuHV-4 (NC_001826), Ovine HV2 (OvHV-2; NC_007646), Phocid HV7 (PhoHV-7; KP163991), PhoHV-7# (KM262784), PhoHV-7¤ (KP163999), PhoHV-7£ (KP163996), Psittacid HV1 (PsHV-1; NC_005264), Ringed seal HV (RiSHV#; KF466471 and RiSHV¤; KF466472), Saimiriine HV2 (SaHV2; NC_001350), and Suid HV1 (SuHV-1; NC_006151). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-harp-seal-2n5g6zu0.png FIGURE 3. Schematic representation of the Harp seal herpesvirus sequence recovered by high-throughput sequencing. The longest harp seal DNA fragment (108,857 nucleotides; GenBank accession KP136799) is shown. Each potential open reading frame is illustrated by arrows. The two lines of arrows at the top represent genes on the plus strand, whereas the two lines of arrows at the bottom represent genes on the minus strand. Only herpesvirus genes that were sequenced and found to be homologous are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/heterochromatin-drives-organization-of-conventional-and-1ga7s2346b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nuclear-inversion-does-not-disrupt-3hiuqac5.png Figure 4. Nuclear inversion does not disrupt compartmentalization. a, Simulated time-course of the process of nuclear inversion. Configurations from particular time points indicated by numerals and thin lines are displayed in (b). Solid vertical line indicates the time at which interactions with the lamina are eliminated. (top) Relative to their initial positions, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quantification-and-microscopic-verification-of-the-aqqse0gl.png Figure 2. Quantification and microscopic verification of the strength of Hi-C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nuclear-architecture-of-the-studied-cell-types-29gdut86.png Figure 1. Nuclear architecture of the studied cell types revealed by microscopy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polymer-model-reproduces-microscopic-morphologies-295565s5.png Figure 3. Polymer model reproduces microscopic morphologies and strength of https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneity-measures-in-hydrological-studies-review-and-in5gsms8rl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-success-rate-sr-minimum-average-and-3jgmyz7l.png Table 2. Summary of the success rate (SR) minimum, average, and maximum of the considered measures (H , V ′, PCI, and GI), expressed in percentage, when comparing the heterogeneity of two regions A and B. For a given τA and τB, such values are computed as the minimum, average and maximum of SR over 48 cases, respectively. For each case, SR is obtained as the mean over Ns= 500 simulations of two regions with n= 30 and given NA,NB, γA, and γB. Values in bold indicate the measure obtaining the largest SR minimum, SR average, and SR maximum, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-analysis-a-c-box-plots-of-the-3bdt7pta.png Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis: (a, c) box plots of the heterogeneity measures for Ns= 500 simulations of the reference region (N = 15 and τR= 0.2), for a heterogeneity rate γ = 0 % and γ = 50 %, varying the data length n; and (b, d) comparison of the corresponding mean for γ = 0 % and γ = 50 %. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-illustrative-application-38jaxtk5.png Table 4. Results of the illustrative application: heterogeneity measures H and GI, and RRMSE. RRMSE values are associated with the GLO regional distribution; RRMSE values within parentheses are associated with the GEV regional distribution. Bold values indicate the best result for each criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-statistics-of-descriptors-spring-3ocxfzut.png Table 3. Summary of the statistics of descriptors, spring maximum peak flow series, and available at-site quantiles for the 44 sites considered in the illustrative application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-analysis-mean-ofh-andh2-overns-500-s5eiocwq.png Figure 4. Sensitivity analysis: mean ofH andH2 overNs= 500 simulations of the reference region (n= 30 and τR= 0.2) for a heterogeneity rate γ = 100 %, varying the number of sites N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-analysis-a-c-box-plots-of-the-37bt0zd4.png Figure 3. Sensitivity analysis: (a, c) box plots of the heterogeneity measures for Ns= 500 simulations of the reference region (n= 30 and τR= 0.2), with a heterogeneity rate γ = 50 %, varying the number of sites N ; and (b, d) comparison of the corresponding mean with the one obtained by considering τR= 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-values-of-the-heterogeneity-measures-over-ns-26rhk0dl.png Figure 7. Mean values of the heterogeneity measures over Ns= 500 simulations of a given homogeneous region with N = 20 sites, n= 30, and τR= 0.25, for which k sites are replaced by k discordant sites generated by a GEV with L-Cv τd, varying τd in the x axis: (a) full plot; and (b) zoom to the right part of the x axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-box-plots-of-representative-values-of-the-1vtqm55o.png Figure 6. Box plots of representative values of the heterogeneity measure average obtained for 22 cases, varying the heterogeneity rate γ in the x axis. For each case, such a representative value is obtained as the average between a given region A and a given region B over Ns= 500 simulations of the given regions, entailing the same γ (i.e. γA= γB) but different characteristics (i.e. NA 6=NB or NA=NB with τA 6= τB). https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneity-of-cortical-lesions-in-multiple-sclerosis-3uniwxvq5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-data-of-patients-with-ms-included-in-this-24pf85pu.png Table 1 Clinical data of patients with MS included in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cortical-demyelination-andwmls-in-ms-2ocayw7s.png Table 2 Cortical demyelination andWMLs in MS https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneous-cubic-multidimensional-integrated-circuit-for-5f62py5t00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-development-of-the-cubic-system-a-illustration-of-385d0k2l.png Figure 1. Development of the cubic system. a) Illustration of the development and packaging processes of the cubic MD-IC based on laser patterning and DRIE. b) Cubic MD-ICs with different dimensions showing solar cells, thin-film based antenna and sensors on its outer sides. c) Internal faces of the system integrating a high-performance microcontroller and a solid-state battery. d) An outer side of the MD-IC showing the PDMS encapsulation of the TSVs to avoid the insertion of water into the embedded electronics while the sensor area is exposed to the outer environment (either water or air). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-component-and-system-level-reliability-testing-2fdhrvg3.png Figure 4. Component and system-level reliability testing results. a) Output current from the microcontroller in standby mode under different test conditions. b) Output current from the embedded microcontroller chip which is interconnected with the LED after HTS. c) Thermal image of a Si MD-IC and a PDMS encapsulated MD-IC when heated at 90°C for 2 hours. d) Temperature change of the MD-ICs vs. time when heated at 90°C for 2 hours. e) Current output from the microcontroller during the system reliability test. f) Microfluidic channels (inset) embedded in the MD-IC show a 9˚C reduction in the maximum temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensors-and-solar-cells-characterization-a-3fszeasv.png Figure 3. Sensors and solar cells characterization. a) Temperature sensitivity of the sensors when probed from the contacts on top, bottom and adjacent sides in the MD-IC. b) pH sensor performance with water, coffee and vinegar solutions. c) Salinity sensor response to different salinity concentrations at different temperatures. d) Surface profilometer data showing a ~50 µm thickness of the 3D graphene foam. Inset shows the RMS surface roughness of the graphene of around ~4 µm. e) Ammonia sensors response to different aqueous ammonia concentrations, two different sensor designs are studied, square and spiral. Scale bar is 6 mm. f) Response time characteristic of the ammonia sensors when exposed to 7% ammonia concentration at ambient conditions. g) Recovery behavior of the ammonia sensor with spiral design when exposed to 7% NH3 under ambient conditions. h) Recovery behavior of the ammonia sensor with spiral design when first exposed to 7% NH3 under ambient conditions then heated at 80 ˚C. i) J-V and P-V characteristics of the monocrystalline silicon solar cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polymeric-encapsulation-to-realize-a-floating-md-ic-3b3svscb.png Figure 2. Polymeric encapsulation to realize a floating MD-IC. a) Fully encapsulated MD-IC with PDMS. b) The PDMS encapsulation is designed with a thicker and asymmetric base to enable the floating of the system and the autonomous immersion of a single distinct side with water quality sensors. c) MD-IC floating in water with water sensors immersed in the fluid while other sides are exposed to the air. d) Encapsulated MD-IC with solar cells on the top side, water quality sensors on the bottom side (opposite to the solar cells) and air quality sensors on the rest of the outer sides. A microcontroller and a solid state battery are integrated on the internal faces. https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneous-distributed-mixed-reality-applications-a-1nsx4cgdgi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-time-in-hot-potato-2mhsc8ve.png Table 1: Reaction Time in Hot Potato https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-hot-potato-an-heterogeneous-distributed-mixed-747cof0n.png Figure 1: The hot potato, an heterogeneous, distributed mixed reality application. https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneous-ozonolysis-of-squalene-gas-phase-products-gx64x0pffu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-primary-unsaturated-products-from-squalene-7k0i53kq.png Figure 2: Primary unsaturated products from squalene ozonolysis as a function of humidity and O3 exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-terminal-products-from-squalene-ozonolysis-as-a-2toc0y6b.png Figure 3: Terminal products from squalene ozonolysis as a function of humidity and O3 exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percent-of-carbon-in-the-gas-phase-at-20-ppb-h-o3-1i9pdoy1.png Figure 4: Percent of carbon in the gas phase at 20 ppb h O3 exposure as a function of RH. Converting the measurements in Figures 2-3 from µg m−3 to µg C m−3, and normalizing to the initial concentration of carbon entering the flow tube gives the percent carbon in the gas phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percent-carbon-in-the-gas-phase-compared-to-the-ovqzas31.png Figure 5: Percent carbon in the gas phase compared to the percent of particle volume lost for all RH and O3 exposures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-squalene-and-selected-17nf7axp.png Figure 1: Chemical structure of squalene and selected squalene ozonolysis products https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-series-of-primary-unsaturated-products-lower-nksrxomv.png Figure 6: Time series of primary unsaturated products (lower panel) and terminal products (middle panel) with relative humidity and O3 removal (upper panel) for clothing experiment (O3 removal was obtained by subtracting measured O3 level from the level of O3 in supply air; the gap in the O3 removal curve is due to the measurement of O3 level in supply air). Circled numbers in the top panel refer to conditions referenced in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/hidden-abiotic-co2-flows-and-gaseous-reservoirs-in-the-nim4hgj7pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-present-day-exposures-of-the-six-major-rock-types-2jcgnxo6.png Figure 4. Present-day exposures of the six major rock types on land area (adapted from Suchet et al., 2003, with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-anomalous-co2-fluxes-measured-over-c8bduh1j.png Table 1. Summary of “anomalous” CO2 fluxes measured over carbonate ecosystems by the flux tower community, and their interpretations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-half-hourly-co2-fluxes-during-a-dry-period-without-3pn6kgvj.png Figure 1. Half-hourly CO2 fluxes during a dry period without biological activity. The gray line (left axis) represents net CO2 fluxes measured with an eddy covariance system while the dark line (right axis) represents CO2 fluxes calculated with the WITCH geochemical model where positive values imply CO2 release due to calcite precipitation processes. Nighttime period correspond to gray bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-seasonal-behaviour-of-ventilation-processes-in-a-nh5nq9uz.png Figure 3. Seasonal behaviour of ventilation processes in a hypothetical belowground karst system composed of two cavities: (a) well connected with the external atmosphere and (b) hidden and inaccessible, but intermittently communicating with (a) and with the external atmosphere. Temporal and spatial CO2 values are represented by font size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-annual-totals-of-calcite-weathering-g-c-m-15l07jqc.png Table 2. Estimated annual totals of calcite weathering (g C m-2) considering different scenarios of annual net rainfall and annual biological CO2 production. The WITCH geochemical model was applied to a semiarid ecosystem with a productivity of ca. 200 g C m-2 yr-1 and rainfall of ca.180 mm yr-1 (100% in the table) using measured half-hourly meteorological forcing data of 2005. Negative values represent calcite dissolution (net CO2 uptake) and positive values represent calcite precipitation (net CO2 release). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-a-co2-and-b-222rn-concentrations-5v19g9bn.png Figure 2. Time series of (A) CO2 and (B) 222Rn concentrations inside the Altamira cave (Spain). Adapted from Kowalski et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/papers/hidden-dimensions-of-creativity-elements-in-design-process-3h9b7p92qr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-rotated-dimensions-2kvrn2d4.png TABLE 4 Summary of Rotated Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-dimensions-of-creativity-elements-v48i7r3q.png FIGURE 1 Overall dimensions of creativity elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overall-creativity-components-ranking-from-the-zgmj8nll.png TABLE 5 Overall Creativity Components Ranking From the Highest to Lowest Loading in Each Dimension https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rating-scale-items-ranking-from-the-highest-to-3ej6tt4f.png TABLE 3 Rating Scale Items Ranking From the Highest to Lowest Loading in Each Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-person-observation-sheet-items-ranking-from-the-24jpur89.png TABLE 1 Person Observation Sheet Items Ranking From the Highest to Lowest Loading in Each Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-process-observation-sheet-items-ranking-from-the-2c2zrvtp.png TABLE 2 Process Observation Sheet Items Ranking From the Highest to Lowest Loading in Each Factor https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-coding-structure-for-video-coding-and-its-khc6sq9omn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculation-of-psnr-for-the-reconstructed-frame-r1xs5l52.png Table 3. Calculation of PSNR for the reconstructed frame using the Convectional MRME Technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pyramid-structure-of-3-level-decomposition-of-an-image-u3rt75x3.png Fig 1: Pyramid Structure of 3 level decomposition of an image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hierarchical-coding-structure-with-4-temporal-levels-2ptktqsj.png Fig. 2. Hierarchical coding structure with 4 temporal levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-codec-for-automatically-selecting-the-best-reference-22yl2iia.png Fig. 4: Codec for automatically selecting the best reference frame. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mse-for-selection-of-best-reference-frame-1w319ub9.png Table 1. MSE for selection of best reference frame. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculation-of-psnr-for-the-reconstructed-frame-1gf5utrm.png Table 2. Calculation of PSNR for the reconstructed frame using the proposed algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-architecture-of-hierarchical-coding-structure-for-2wp3216z.png Fig 5:Architecture of Hierarchical coding structure for scalable video coding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reconstructed-video-frames-3cu0zy6g.png Fig. 6: Reconstructed Video frames. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-decentralized-state-estimation-with-unknown-1yxqw89opk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-for-the-cstr-and-separator-nzpqput5.png TABLE II: Parameters for the CSTR and Separator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-2-cstr-and-flash-separator-1exp4qpm.png Fig. 5: Diagram of 2 CSTR and Flash Separator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rmse-for-the-lorenz-attractor-2yb4z6mg.png TABLE I: RMSE for the Lorenz attractor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hierarchical-decentralized-state-estimator-1uzg3wq9.png Fig. 1: The hierarchical decentralized state estimator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fusion-of-partially-overlapping-local-estimates-1bvhlw1b.png Fig. 2: Fusion of partially overlapping local estimates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rmse-for-the-2-cstr-and-reactor-process-the-blue-line-194rphou.png Fig. 6: RMSE for the 2 CSTR and reactor process. The blue line is the method in [27] with ω1 = ω2 = ω3 = 1/3, and the red line is using the proposed method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-covariance-ellipses-p1-p2-and-p3-the-desired-ellipse-26vju7cx.png Fig. 3: Covariance ellipses P1, P2, and P3, the desired ellipse Pdes and the fused covariances EI123, EI132, and EI321 when fusing using Ellipsoidal Intersection in different orders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-covariance-ellipses-p1-p2-and-p3-the-weighted-2qa9r47t.png Fig. 4: Covariance ellipses P1, P2, and P3, the weighted covariances P ∗1 = (W1Y1W T 1 ) −1, P ∗2 = (W2Y2W T 2 ) −1, P ∗3 = (W3Y3W T 3 ) −1 and their fused covariance, P ∗ = (W1Y1W T 1 +W2Y2W T 2 +W3Y3W T 3 ) −1. https://scispace.com/papers/higgs-sector-in-extensions-of-the-minimal-supersymmetric-2m36v1my7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-higgs-masses-vs-mssm-in-the-a-nmssm-b-n-gd32egt0.png FIG. 4 (color online). Higgs masses vs MSSM in the (a) NMSSM, (b) n/sMSSM, (c) UMSSM, and (d) the lightest CP-even Higgs of all extended models. The vertical line is the LEP lower bound on the MSSM (SM-like) Higgs mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-higgs-mass-dependence-on-s-in-the-n-smssm-bvwtifth.png FIG. 5 (color online). Higgs mass dependence on S in the n/ sMSSM. When S 0:1, H2 and H1 switch content, allowing a light CP-even Higgs below the LEP limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-a-mhi-vs-m-01-in-all-the-models-otb1mcod.png FIG. 11 (color online). (a) MHi vs M 01 in all the models considered. Points falling below the blue line allow the decay of the lightest CP-even Higgs to two 01. (b) Branching fraction of Hi ! 01 01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-a-mhj-vs-mai-showing-the-kinematics-for-2kmfxhwt.png FIG. 12 (color online). (a) MHj vs MAi showing the kinematics for decays in extended-MSSM models, where Ai is the lightest nonzero CP-odd state for each model. Hi ! AiAi decays are allowed for regions below the blue-dashed line. Decays of Z! HjAi are allowed to the left of the green dark line. (b) H ! AiAi branching fraction vs Higgs mass. The n/sMSSM parameter S is scanned with a higher density at low j Sj to allow low Higgs masses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-total-decay-width-for-each-model-large-1hdw21fa.png FIG. 14 (color online). Total decay width for each model. Large enhancements with respect to the SM are largely due to the decays to AiAi and 01 0 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-a-h1-a1a1-decay-width-in-the-n-smssm-vs-3jz5wjvv.png FIG. 13 (color online). (a) H1 ! A1A1 decay width in the n/sMSSM vs the product of the MSSM fractions of H1 and A1. (b) MA1=MH1 vs tan in the n/sMSSM. The horizontal line marks the production threshold of H1 ! A1A1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-lep-limit-38-on-zzhi-gzzhi-gsmzzh-2-z-3belggub.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) LEP limit [38] on ZZHi gZZHi=gSMZZh 2 Z!ZHi= SMZ!Zh, the scaled ZZHi coupling in new physics, vs the light Higgs mass. The solid black curve is the observed limit with a 95% C.L. Points falling below this curve pass the ZZHi constraint. (b) cos2 vs MA2 in the MSSM. The hard cutoff shown by the solid green line at MA2 93:4 GeV is due to the constraint on e e ! AiH1 discussed in Sec. III A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-decay-widths-for-ww-zz-and-gg-in-the-mssm-1y3oqsxq.png FIG. 9 (color online). Decay widths for WW , ZZ , and gg in the MSSM and extended-MSSM models. Curves denote the corresponding SM width. For clarity, not all points generated are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/high-altitude-regulates-the-expression-of-ampk-pathways-in-3se5id93zm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-altitude-modulated-mrna-expression-of-placental-2dckq7ux.png Fig. 3. High altitude modulated mRNA expression of placental AMPK pathway genes. A, mRNA heat-map representation showing differences in expression between moderate- (1700 m) and high-altitude (>2500 m) placentas. Green and red colors represent up- or down-regulation, respectively, expressed as ΔΔCt values. Each subject is represented by a row and individual genes listed in the columns. B, ΔCt values of mRNA encoding for the AMPK subunit genes (PRKAA1, PRKAA2, PRKAB1, PRKAB2, PRKAG1 and PRKAG2) from moderate(1700 m, closed symbols) or high-altitude (>2500 m, open symbols) villous placental tissue. Symbols are individual values per subject, lines are means ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mrna-expression-of-mtor-was-non-significantly-112nb8a6.png Fig. 4. mRNA expression of mTOR was non-significantly increased by high altitude, but the expression of other genes involved in mTOR complex 1 signaling were unaffected. ΔCt values of mRNA encoding for the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR, A), regulatory associated protein of mTOR, complex 1 (RPTOR, B), the ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70 kDa, polypeptides 1 (RPS6KB1, C) and 2 (RPS6KB2, D) or the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1, E) from moderate- (1700 m, closed symbols) or high-altitude (>2500 m, open symbols) villous placental tissue. Symbols are individual values per subject, lines are means ± SEM. F, the placental EIF4EBP1 mRNA expression levels were positively associated with birth weight at moderate (1700 m, closed symbols, P < 0.05) but not high altitude (>2500 m, open symbols, P = 0.1657). Symbols are individual values per subject, lines are those from least-squares linear regression analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maternal-and-infant-characteristics-dpyy16cj.png Table 1 Maternal and infant characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-representation-of-the-effect-of-chronic-2gyfrad3.png Fig. 5. Schematic representation of the effect of chronic hypoxia of high-altitude residence on the expression and activation of AMPK pathways in the human placenta. The AMPK enzymatic complex is composed of catalytic α-, and non-catalytic β- and γ-subunits. External stimuli, such as hypoxia, modulate the activation of AMPK by several membrane receptors, such as adiponectin (ADIPOR), leptin (LEPR) and insulin receptors (INSR). Intracellular enzymes also regulate AMPK activity, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), serine/threonine kinase 11 (also known as liver kinase B1, LKB1) and serine/ threonine-protein kinase akt (Akt) which is activated by INSR. Hypoxia increases the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio, which in turn can activates LKB1 and AMPK. Hypoxia can also indirectly activate AMPK through activation of CAMKK2. Hypoxia can also regulate ADIPOR, LEPR and INSR in other tissues (dotted lines) but whether this is also true in the human placenta has not been established. AMPK controls a wide variety of cellular processes such as gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, cell cycle and protein synthesis through downstream effectors including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 (PGC-1), the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC1), the tumor protein p53 (p53) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. mTOR signaling is inhibited by AMPK through inhibition of the regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) and by activating tuberin (TSC2), which, in turn, inhibits mTOR. Activation of mTOR regulates protein synthesis by activating the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (70 kDa, p70S6K) and inhibiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). In placentas from high-altitude residents, we observed a non-significant increase in transcript levels of AMPK γ subunit 2 and mTOR (blue arrows), a significant increase in pAMPK, pTSC2 and p4E-BP1, and reduced total S6K protein levels, suggesting that high altitude increases activation of AMPKα, phosphorylation of TSC2 and phosphorylation of the mTORC1-target 4E-BP1, thereby serving to help maintain protein synthesis and fetal growth in these high-altitude residents with appropriate for gestational age infants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phosphorylated-to-total-ampk-protein-expression-was-1il06hv4.png Fig. 1. Phosphorylated-to-total AMPK protein expression was increased at high altitude. A, Representative images of capillary electrophoresis bands for AMPK, pAMPK and vinculin in placentas collected from low- or high-altitude residents. MW, molecular weight in kDa. B, Protein abundance analysis of AMPK and pAMPK, and ratios pAMPK: AMPK from low- (100 m, gray symbols, n = 18) moderate- (1700 m, closed symbols, n = 23) and high-altitude (>2500 m, open symbols, n = 23) villous placental tissue. Levels were normalized to vinculin expression. Symbols are individual values per subject, lines are means ± SEM, **P < 0.01. C-D, Representative microscope pictures of placental tissue from pregnant women residing at low (100 m), moderate (1700 m) or high altitude (>2500 m) showing staining of AMPK (left panels) or pAMPK (middle panels) in the villous tissue (C) or chorionic plate (D). Right panels show negative control staining using only secondary antibody (2ndary). BV, blood vessels; ST, syncytiotrophoblast; CPA, chorionic plate arteries. Scale bar = 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/high-accuracy-raman-measurements-using-the-stokes-and-anti-1roqrh1d6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-temperature-variation-of-the-stokes-anti-stokes-1fxtmxue.png FIG. 11. Temperature variation of the Stokes/anti-Stokes spectrum InAs~111!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-stokes-anti-stokes-spectra-excited-by-514-5-and-496-1r58ya71.png FIG. 12. ~a! Stokes/anti-Stokes spectra~excited by 514.5 and 496.5 nm lines! from the center of GaP~100! diaphragm taken for Brewster-angl incidence forp50 and p56 bar ~outer surface tension!. The diaphragm was 3.4 mm in diameter and 30mm in thickness.~b! Stokes/anti-Stokes separation for LO and TO phonons vs pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-stokes-anti-stokes-spectra-excited-by-488-and-476-5-4t5ld5eh.png FIG. 10. ~a! Stokes/anti-Stokes spectra~excited by 488 and 476.5 nm lines! from InAs~111! for two values of laser power (P0540 mW) and~b! the Stokes/anti-Stokes separation for LO and TO phonons as a function of power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-idea-of-the-stokes-anti-stokes-method-two-wi0aq5u9.png FIG. 1. Schematic idea of the Stokes/anti-Stokes method. Two laser E1 L andE2 L lead to StokesES and anti-StokesEAS peaks around each line. B measuring the~small! separation betweenE1 AS andE2 S we obtain the absolute value of the phonon energy through Eq.~1!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pairs-of-argon-laser-lines-that-can-be-used-for-the-2ywi8vn0.png TABLE I. Pairs of argon laser lines that can be used for the Stokes/anti-Stokes method in different se ductors. The values in brackets indicate the separation of the considered lines in cm21. The pairs for which the signal is enhanced~due to resonant effects! are in boldface. The LO and TO phonon energies for each mate and an estimate of the Stokes/anti-Stokes intensity ratio for the LO phonon at room temperaturkT 524 meV) are also listed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-cross-section-of-the-pressure-cell-used-for-331yo18o.png FIG. 2. Schematic cross section of the pressure cell used for the bi deformation studies. The semiconductor sample~thinned down to 20–70 mm! is glued to a ceramic plate with a circular hole. This forms a diaphra which is then deformed by gas pressure of a few bar~the gas is supplied from the reductor by a capillary!. The inner surface of the diaphragm can studied through the quartz window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stokes-anti-stokes-separation-for-the-lo-phonon-as-a-3mvem3e0.png FIG. 4. Stokes/anti-Stokes separation for the LO phonon as a functio pressure applied to Si~100! diaphragm~1.7 mm radius, 70mm thickness!. The spectra were taken in the center of the diaphragm on the outer~tension! and inner~compression! surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-radial-scan-of-the-deformation-measured-by-the-stokes-cr46leu4.png FIG. 5. Radial scan of the deformation~measured by the Stokes/anti-Stok separation! on the inner surface of a Si~100! diaphragm subject to 3.6 ba pressure~1.7 mm radius, 70mm thickness!. https://scispace.com/papers/high-brightness-high-current-injector-design-for-the-cornell-59ldxt092k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rms-normalized-emittance-and-rms-beam-size-for-77-2k7474fu.png Figure 2: Rms normalized emittance and rms beam size for 77 pC/bunch for different kinetic energies at the end of the injector: a)6 MeV, b) 11 MeV, and c)15 MeV https://scispace.com/papers/high-carnivore-population-density-highlights-the-4pzlwzvte9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-box-plot-showing-trap-success-rate-for-serval-3qfofyrx.png Figure 3. Box plot showing trap success rate for serval captures at the study site from 2014 to 2017. The middle bars represent the median value, white diamonds represent means, the top and bottom of the boxes represent https://scispace.com/papers/high-capacity-wave-energy-conversion-by-multi-float-multi-4vvt9p9a05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pto-control-torque-significant-wave-height-hs-0-04m-2jqcitra.png Fig. 5. PTO control torque, significant wave height Hs = 0.04m, peak period Tp = 1.0s, γ = 1, zero degrees heading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-instant-power-significant-wave-height-hs-0-04m-peak-ie83if2d.png Fig. 6. Instant power, significant wave height Hs = 0.04m, peak period Tp = 1.0s, γ = 1, zero degrees heading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-y-axis-cwr-of-passive-damper-and-lnoc-right-y-qmef2q3l.png Fig. 7. Left Y axis: CWR of passive damper and LNOC. Right Y axis, rotation motion angle (RMS value) of pitch and roll. X axis wave heading angle from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. Significant wave height Hs = 0.04m, peak period Tp = 1.0s, γ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-capture-width-ratio-significant-wave-height-hs-0-04m-2teyamkc.png Fig. 4. Capture width ratio, significant wave height Hs = 0.04m, zero degrees heading. Comparing the 3-float M4 CWR which was validated by experimental data with the 8-float M4 CWR derived by simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mass-and-centre-of-mass-2qbjl4qe.png TABLE I MASS AND CENTRE OF MASS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-d-view-of-the-8-floats-1-3-4-m4-configuration-26e0fo2w.png Fig. 1. 3-D view of the 8 floats 1-3-4 M4 configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-8-float-1-3-4-m4-wec-plan-view-at-laboratory-scale-the-mcxuxz9r.png Fig. 3. 8-float 1-3-4 M4 WEC plan view at laboratory scale. The four thick lines denote the hinges for PTO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-side-elevation-of-laboratory-scale-m4-wec-o-is-at-the-hwqaycm4.png Fig. 2. Side elevation of laboratory scale M4 WEC. O is at the height of the hinge points of the PTOs. https://scispace.com/papers/high-charge-carrier-mobility-in-solution-processed-one-5957nb3ymu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-i-v-curves-of-the-dme-pbbr4-photodetectors-in-o1b4ui4q.png Figure 6 (a) I-V curves of the (DME)PbBr4 photodetectors in darkness and under 375 nm illumination; (b) responsivity and gain vs. light intensity plotted at a bias of 20 V; (c) timeresolved response of the device in darkness and under light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-xps-analysis-a-n-330c8g91.png Figure 3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. (a) N 1s spectra of (DME)PbBr4 and MAPbBr3 with fitted peaks (b) and (c). (d) Pb 4f spectra of (DME)PbBr4 and MAPbBr3 with fitted peaks (e) and (f). Fitting was performed on the CasaXPS package, incorporating Voigt line shapes and a Shirley background. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sclc-in-plane-measurement-structure-with-two-35qlegrq.png Figure 4. (a) SCLC in-plane measurement structure with two terminal electrodes. Insert image is optical image of device with two terminal gold electrodes. Scale bar is 100 µm. (b) LogLog I-V characteristics of (DME)PbBr4 crystal devices measured at room temperature from 0 to 100 V. Insert image: a zoom in curve fitting at high voltage. (c), (d) temperature dependence of SCLC I-V characteristics from 210 K to 250 K and 120 K to 200 K, respectively. (e) Arrhenius-type temperature activation of the current for voltage between 30 and 100 V. (f) Extracted activation energy with applied voltage from 30 to 100 V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-crystal-structure-of-1d-dme-pbbr4-perovskite-nqw5r73l.png Figure 2. (a), (b) crystal structure of 1D (DME)PbBr4 perovskite crystals. red, black and yellow balls represent N, C and Pb atoms, respectively. (c) Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of 1D crystals. (d) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of 1D crystals with scale bar of 500 μm. (e) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 1D crystals with scale bar of 200 nm. (f) Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the crystal in (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-temperature-dependence-of-minimum-sclc-mobility-37ytiv1b.png Figure 5. (a) Temperature dependence of minimum SCLC mobility in (DME)PbBr4 perovskite crystals from 120 K to 250 K. (b) Arrhenius-type temperature activation of the charge carrier mobility from 210 K to 250 K.. (c) A double-log plot of temperature dependent SCLC mobility measured at temperature from 120 K to 200 K. Fitted with a power-law dependence 𝜇 ∝ 𝑇−𝑛. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-crystal-growth-route-for-dme-pbbr4-perovskites-b-62d6ijrd.png Figure 1. (a) Crystal growth route for (DME)PbBr4 perovskites. (b – d) polarized optical microscopy (POM) of 1D perovskite crystals. Scale bar is 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/high-density-sot-mram-memory-array-based-on-a-single-2nmpm3p8gt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equivalent-schematic-of-4x4-sot-mram-memory-array-yz7okyzi.png Figure 2. Equivalent schematic of 4x4 SOT-MRAM memory array based on a single transistor and one diode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-of-4x4-memory-array-where-the-diode-is-2lwn3uz1.png Figure 2. Equivalent schematic of 4x4 SOT-MRAM memory array based on a single transistor and one diode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-three-terminal-sot-device-and-9wannjei.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the three-terminal SOT device and the the two independent paths (b) Signal control for memory operation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-voltage-supply-on-reading-current-2wyqrdjc.png Figure 4: Dependence of voltage supply on reading current https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-parallel-resistance-junction-on-20wpx7c3.png Figure 5: Dependence of parallel resistance junction on reading current for different TMR value https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-comparison-between-2t-1mtj-and-1t-1diode-32fovgqn.png TABLE I. RESULTS COMPARISON BETWEEN 2T/1MTJ AND 1T/1DIODE/1MTJ OF SOT-MRAM CELL https://scispace.com/papers/high-dynamic-range-microscopy-for-color-selective-virtual-de-31ck4u1oz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-simulation-quantitative-assessment-of-1ekrxk6h.png Table 1. Results of simulation: quantitative assessment of error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dab-top-and-aec-bottom-examples-from-clinical-routine-1tm55pgh.png Fig. 2. DAB (top) and AEC (bottom) examples from clinical routine (a); after virtual counterstain removal (b-d); after virtual marker de-staining (e-g). Input images are (b,e) from conventional imaging, (c,f) after correction through linearization and (d,g) from HDR imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-results-rgb-values-after-color-separation-a-iajee9av.png Fig. 1. Simulation results: RGB values after color separation. A systematic error is inherent in the values for the conventional LDR imaging. Even if the non-linearities are corrected, errors remain, especially for low RGB values. They are resolved by HDR. https://scispace.com/papers/high-fidelity-finite-element-models-of-composite-wind-fcpii70dx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-airfoil-section-and-offset-curve-containing-kw6xyimv.png Figure 1: (top) Airfoil section and offset curve containing local (at the LE) and global (at the TE) self-intersections (middle) typical shape of a wind turbine blade (bottom) detail of the trailing edge shape at different positions along the transition from the root to an airfoil shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-view-of-the-location-for-a-shear-web-the-7l1qg0je.png Figure 2: Schematic view of the location for a shear web. The intersection of the reference plane with the outer mold layer (OML) is first calculated. An offset along the normal (red) of the OML does not result in the intended shear web. Instead an offset along the vertical direction of the shear web (red) is required. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contour-plots-of-the-maximum-principal-strain-3u9srv7l.png Figure 12: Contour plots of the maximum principal strain values on the local blade model. Stress values are available in all directions including the thickness direction. A close-up view of the trailing edge joint is provided with the mesh visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-plot-of-the-mesh-of-a-modified-sub-model-that-has-q564gjm7.png Figure 13: Plot of the mesh of a modified sub-model that has a local reduction in bond width at the joint of the LE shear web. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-existing-tools-for-the-creation-of-3d-fe-2wc7tipx.png Table 1: Overview of existing tools for the creation of 3D FE models of wind turbine blades. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-methods-to-calculate-the-boundary-1m456j40.png Figure 6: Comparison of methods to calculate the boundary curves of a girder with a constant width of 650 mm. The boundary on the LE side is calculated from the intersection with a plane. The boundary on the TE side is calculated in one approach by means of a second reference plane and in another approach by offsetting from the curve on the LE side. The difference in width reaches up to 41 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-meshes-produced-by-the-software-along-with-details-2sophy2o.png Figure 7: Meshes produced by the software along with details of the trailing edge joint and web-girder connections. (top) Shell output with solid elements to model the adhesive. (bottom) Second order solid output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-offsetting-of-slice-segments-is-used-to-create-17qboxml.png Figure 8: The offsetting of slice segments is used to create offset surfaces. These surfaces are used to create solid blocks. The blocks are subsequently combined to create a full model. https://scispace.com/papers/high-field-1h-t1-and-t2-nmr-relaxation-time-measurements-of-2rxn6vl4z3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relaxation-times-t1-seconds-left-and-t2-seconds-right-3cgbdwhe.png Fig. 1 Relaxation times T1 (seconds; left) and T2 (seconds; right) at 600 MHz for homeopathic preparations of quartz (a, d), sulfur (b, e), and copper sulfate (c, f) and corresponding controls (independent samples of analogously agitated potentization medium) as a function of time after capillary sealing (hours). Measurement error is on average 1‰ for T1 and 2‰ for T2 (smaller than the icons used). For each sample, three independent capillaries were measured. All capillaries of subset no. 1 were measured first, then those of subset no. 2, and finally subset no. 3. One capillary of a control sample was measured several times (“remeasured control”) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-analysis-of-variance-anova-with-two-3skkp7tx.png Table 2 Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two independent factors: (a) capillary subset (nos. 1, 2, and 3) and (b) preparation (control, homeopathic preparation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-relaxation-times-t1-seconds-left-and-t2-seconds-vpbzhza0.png Fig. 2 Mean relaxation times T1 (seconds; left) and T2 (seconds; right) at 600 MHz for homeopathic preparations of quartz (a, d), sulfur (b, e), and copper sulfate (c, f) and corresponding controls (independent samples of analogously agitated potentization medium) as a function of the three capillary subsets and of the entire data set (mean±standard error) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relaxation-time-t1-seconds-at-500-mhz-eth-zurich-for-2ftfyx2l.png Fig. 3 Relaxation time T1 (seconds) at 500 MHz (ETH Zurich) for homeopathic preparations of sulfur and corresponding controls: measurement of samples of set II 1 year after preparation (mean±standard error). For each sample, three independent capillaries were measured (left side, a; mean of three measurements) and the corresponding average calculated (right side, b; as a function of the three capillary subsets (nos. 1, 2, and 3) and of the entire data set) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-analysis-of-variance-anova-with-two-3fonrq5k.png Table 3 Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two independent factors: (a) capillary subset (nos. 1, 2, and 3) and (b) preparation (control, homeopathic preparation) https://scispace.com/papers/high-finesse-opto-mechanical-cavity-with-a-movable-thirty-3s3az5enxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-q-of-the-cantilever-at-different-pressures-8x6l5u4d.png TABLE II. Q of the cantilever at different pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscopy-images-of-a-15-m-17pu2v8f.png FIG. 1. Scanning electron microscopy images of a 15 m prototype mirror during the cutting process (a), (b) and after attachment to a cantilever (c). Small scratches are visible on the mirror in (c) from the attachment process. The fabrication procedure was subsequently adjusted to prevent this. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-the-experimental-setup-a-780-nm-tld-is-used-3fq1caz2.png FIG. 2. Diagram of the experimental setup. A 780 nm TLD is used for frequency scanned measurements. A 633 nm helium neon laser is used for alignment. The light from either laser is then passed through a spatial filter (A) and collimated with a lens (B). The lens is chosen to match the cavity mode. For the ring-down measurements a 780 nm 200 fs pulsed laser is coupled in via a fiber (C). A periscope (D) aligns light to the cavity. The large mirror and an incoupling lens (E) are mounted on a motorized stage allowing control of tip/tilt as well as the overall length of the cavity in vacuo. The cantilever or small mirror (F) are mounted on a Gimbal mount which is prealigned outside of the vacuum chamber. A fraction of the light leaving the cavity is used for imaging on a CCD, while the remainder is sent either to a PMT or APD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cavity-ring-down-measurement-a-laser-pulse-enters-the-mgjiu545.png FIG. 4. Cavity ring-down measurement. A laser pulse enters the cavity at time 0. The scattered light is bright enough to saturate the APD, resulting in a 50 ns dead time. The light intensity is low enough after the recovery that saturation effects can be ignored. A fit of the data from 100–2000 ns demonstrates a finesse of 2100 50. The slightly faster decay at 50 ns is due to light leaking from higher order modes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-maximum-optical-finesse-for-finite-sized-mirror-27r7s6ja.png TABLE I. Maximum optical finesse for finite-sized mirror cavities of the type presented here ( 780 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fabry-perot-scan-peaks-inset-higher-order-modes-are-j9kkw0ho.png FIG. 3. Fabry-Pérot scan (peaks inset). Higher order modes are visible; adjustment of the incoupling reveals that the cavity supports several more. (a) The Lorentzian peak has FHWM 5:9 0:2 MHz, resulting in a finesse (limited by the laser linewidth) of 1020 50. (b) If the laser is scanned at a lower rate, thermal vibrations of the cantilever become visible. https://scispace.com/papers/high-frequency-shoot-regeneration-from-flower-bud-derived-4s28sn5sbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-11azrapx.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2oyoa6fm.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/high-gain-millimeter-wave-holographic-antenna-in-package-2e98velybm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-design-process-of-the-analytical-antenna-model-1uhz80uf.png Fig. 4: Design process of the analytical antenna model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-efficiency-of-swl-with-dpatch-1120-um-and-dtgv-44-um-3k09fpsm.png Fig. 3: Efficiency of SWL with dpatch=1120 µm and dTGV=44 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-to-state-of-the-art-aip-solutions-1hf08hob.png TABLE I: Comparison to state of the art AiP solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-reflection-coefficient-of-the-realized-glass-3lo308jo.png Fig. 8: Measured reflection coefficient of the realized glass antenna ( — original data, — data w/o probe tips, — data w/o probe tips and spurious reflections of the env.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-radiation-pattern-of-the-anisotropic-holographic-1psccixo.png Fig. 10: Radiation pattern of the anisotropic holographic glass antenna at 150 GHz ( 0 = 0 , 0 = 90 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measurement-setup-for-the-holographic-glass-antenna-7dkw2ny0.png Fig. 7: Measurement setup for the holographic glass antenna prototype in upside down probing configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-perspective-view-of-the-proposed-holographic-antenna-2upsu01q.png Fig. 1: Perspective view of the proposed holographic antenna-in-package using glass: 1© surface wave launcher, 2© seal ring, 3© leaky wave, 4© through-glass-via, 5© MMIC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photograph-of-the-realized-holographic-glass-antenna-37bnp2fk.png Fig. 6: Photograph of the realized holographic glass antenna prototype (inset shows the SWL). https://scispace.com/papers/high-impact-is-papers-and-researchers-in-the-pacific-asia-1syctwiybj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-theories-in-the-most-cited-papers-2uh1wndi.png Table 2. Common Theories in the Most Cited Papers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-geographical-distribution-of-highly-cited-authors-3ox7wu46.png Table 4: Geographical Distribution of Highly Cited Authors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-affiliation-distribution-of-highly-cited-authors-8sth9xfp.png Table 5: Affiliation Distribution of Highly Cited Authors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-most-cited-author-list-in-pacific-asia-in-terms-of-1cfm9ztf.png Table 3. Most Cited Author List in Pacific Asia in terms of the 21 journals https://scispace.com/papers/high-increase-in-biodegradability-of-coking-wastewater-5del4i2psx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gc-ms-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometer-results-of-mkzkporb.png Fig. 4 GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometer) results of raw wastewater, Fenton effluent and tailing effluent (note the contaminant components at the peak location) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effluent-cod-chemical-oxygen-demand-after-different-3j5lx0w0.png Fig. 2 Effluent COD (chemical oxygen demand) after different Fenton conditions (a–c); effluent COD (chemical oxygen demand) and chromaticity of different combination processes (d) (note the decrease in COD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effluent-cod-chemical-oxygen-demand-under-different-sjoxgjbx.png Fig. 3 Effluent COD (chemical oxygen demand) under different ozone and Mn ore tailings dosages (note the changes of COD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generation-and-change-of-radicals-during-the-fenton-1ctsh4fe.png Fig. 5 Generation and change of radicals during the Fenton process (a–d); generation and change of radicals during the Mn ore tailings + ozone process (e–i) (note the changes of BOD/COD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effluent-cod-chemical-oxygen-demand-bod5-biochemical-3kamro19.png Fig. 1 Effluent COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) and chromaticity after individual and combined oxidation pre-treatments (note the increase in BOD5 and the decrease in COD) https://scispace.com/papers/high-involvement-management-practices-job-control-and-1qyd3pclv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-high-involvement-management-on-1chvki7c.png Table 2. The effect of high-involvement management on employee well-being in the public and private sectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-public-and-private-2tcgbfhi.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the public and private sector employees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-combined-effects-of-high-involvement-management-in-kp3l5ejw.png Table 3. Combined effects of high-involvement management in the workplace and job control on employee well-being in the public and private sectors.¹ https://scispace.com/papers/high-level-waste-hlw-sludge-batch-4-sb4-selecting-glasses-18eay4sni8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-composition-of-the-frits-recommended-for-sb4-3iqk1m6r.png Table 2-1. Composition of the frits recommended for SB4 processing (in wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-assessment-of-pccs-mar-criteria-for-sb4-frit-503-3f3ouheo.png Figure 2-2. Assessment of PCCS MAR criteria for SB4 / Frit 503 glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-assessment-of-pccs-mar-criteria-for-sb4-frit-418-175rpj0j.png Figure 2-1. Assessment of PCCS MAR criteria for SB4 / Frit 418 glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-target-glass-compositions-for-frit-503-with-the-3rafkv96.png Table 3-3. Target glass compositions for Frit 503 with the inner layer SB4 EVs (in wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-target-glass-compositions-for-frit-503-with-the-r5gbisx1.png Table 3-4. Target glass compositions for Frit 503 with the outer layer SB4 EVs (in wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-5-target-glass-compositions-with-frit-503-and-the-2kurb5wo.png Table 3-5. Target glass compositions with Frit 503 and the outermost layer SB4 EVs (in wt%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-three-compositional-layers-for-sb4-e0uhpytz.png Table 2-4. Three compositional layers for SB4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-target-glass-compositions-for-frit-418-with-the-11oudpjm.png Table 3-1. Target glass compositions for Frit 418 with the centroid SB4 composition (in wt%). https://scispace.com/papers/high-order-dispersion-suppression-for-ffag-based-optics-3k6qialwdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-horizontal-deflection-vs-momentum-at-the-end-of-a-15w7605l.png Figure 4. Horizontal deflection vs momentum at the end of a scaling dispersion suppressor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-for-the-multipole-constants-bn-in-equation-1-2kwlowr0.png Table 1. Values for the multipole constants (bn) in equation 1.4 for a non-scaling dispersion suppressor. For all cells,y0 is set to 105cm. https://scispace.com/papers/high-order-harmonic-generation-in-atom-clusters-lbud083ajt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intensities-of-the-harmonic-spectra-from-ar-monomers-30nwoirg.png FIG. 2. Intensities of the harmonic spectra from Ar monomers and Ar clusters. The harmonic cutoff wavelength is indicated. All spectra are scaled to unit height: Data are shown from (a) supersonic jet, (b) sonic jet, and (c) static-gas cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-shielding-on-the-laser-intensity-seen-by-3kyfc6fj.png FIG. 3. The effect of shielding on the laser intensity seen by atoms in the cluster: electron density in the cluster (- - -), laser intensity in vacuum (· · ·), and laser intensity in the cluster (—–). https://scispace.com/papers/high-order-multidimensional-and-conservative-coarse-fine-1075cqu9jj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-relative-errors-and-convergence-rates-based-on-vypue5w9.png Table 2 The relative errors and convergence rates based on the ∞-norms of CFI errors (21) for the sinusoidal interpolation test. D = 3, r = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coarse-fine-interpolation-for-amr-the-fine-level-is-5qae58yn.png Fig. 1. Coarse-fine interpolation for AMR. The fine level is shaded. ‘•’s represent a fifth-order interpolation stencil for filling the fine-level ghost cells at ‘N’s. The thick and thin solid lines represent a physical boundary and coarse-fine interface, respectively. The interpolation stencil for ‘4’s is different from that for ‘N’s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characterizing-the-geometry-of-available-points-the-hypl1juw.png Fig. 4. Characterizing the geometry of available points. The shaded fine level is nested inside a coarse box Ω`k with wnest = 2. ‘•’ represents a coarse cell and ‘◦’ the closest corner of Ω`k; the offset from the former to the latter is j ∗, shown as a dashed arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-3d-stencils-generated-by-algorithm-1-p-2-3-1n1xynbx.png Fig. 7. Examples of 3D stencils generated by Algorithm 1. p = 2, 3, 4 for the first, the second, and the third row, respectively. See caption of Fig. 6 for symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-vortex-ring-amr-hierarchy-with-base-grid-as-1283-1xpja3gl.png Fig. 9. The vortex-ring AMR hierarchy with base grid as 1283 and the iso-surfaces of the solution φ = 0.1φmax. The proper nesting width is 2 and the refinement ratio r = 2. The cells in the coarsest level (the big box with thin solid lines) with | 〈φ〉 | ≥ 10−4|φmax| are tagged and refined to form the first refinement level (not shown) and those with | 〈φ〉 | ≥ 10−3|φmax| form the second refinement level (the boxes with thick lines). The computational domain is [0, 10]3 and other parameters of the vortex ring pairs are: φmax = ±10, Rb = 3, Rs = 0.5, nv = (0, 0, 1)T , xc = (5, 5, 5± 2.5)T . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-compare-of-the-norm-of-the-cfi-matrices-to-the-x0q3n34v.png Table 1 A compare of the∞-norm of the CFI matrices to the condition numbers of the basis matrices. Here the stencil is generated by i∗ = ⌊p 2 ⌋ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-principal-stencil-transformation-the-principal-stencil-ff8ltsol.png Fig. 5. principal stencil transformation. The principal stencil is aligned with the coarse cell 0, whose fine ghosts need interpolation; i∗ then cuts the D-dimensional space into 2D hyperoctants. The multi-indices in the all-negative i∗-hyperoctants (shaded area) remains unchanged while those in all other i∗-hyperoctants (unshaded areas) are flipped to corresponding 0-hyperoctants. Different types of hatches mark the correspondence. This example has i∗ > 0, so ia = i∗ and lines 11-17 of Algorithm 1 are not invoked. The iteration in lines 3-10 uses the total order (3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-solution-errors-and-convergence-of-the-vortex-shear-f1nt9z0v.png Table 4 Solution errors and convergence of the vortex shear test. ν = 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/high-performance-in-healthcare-priority-setting-and-resource-d2b44ppxh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-cases-1hu1l9x7.png Table 1: Distribution of Cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domains-of-high-performance-in-psra-2cvy7l0h.png Figure 1: Domains of High Performance in PSRA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-1w2uat5q.png Table 2: Results https://scispace.com/papers/high-performance-metal-air-fuel-cells-part-1-general-review-2kzuozizqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-and-initial-cost-projections-of-metal-373taxxx.png TABLE III. PERFORMANCE AND INITIAL COST PROJECTIONS OF METAL/AIR SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-energy-costs-of-the-production-and-distribution-of-u5mzqzs6.png TABLE IV. ENERGY COSTS OF THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALUMINUM .(PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE: COAL) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-theoretical-energies-of-metal-ai-systems-3lxhdppu.png TABLE I. THEORETICAL ENERGIES OF METAL/AI~ SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-estimation-of-costs-of-ownership-and-operation-2bzmtzep.png TABLE VI. ESTIMATION OF COSTS OF OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION https://scispace.com/papers/high-performance-quadrature-rules-how-numerical-integration-4cnsnkhar7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-point-estimates-monomial-with-first-5-good-starts-1cn574yx.png Table 8: Point Estimates: Monomial with First 5 Good Starts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-to-generate-monte-carlo-data-sets-19z4ufi5.png Table 2: Parameters Used to Generate Monte Carlo Data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-integration-rules-1xox4vkf.png Table 3: Comparison of Integration Rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-point-estimates-pmc-with-first-5-good-starts-and-r-1-pe83tfrd.png Table 4: Point Estimates: pMC with First 5 good starts and R = 1, 000 draws https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-point-estimates-pmc-with-r-10-000-draws-3r02f009.png Table 5: Point Estimates: pMC with R = 10, 000 draws https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-share-error-for-different-quadrature-rules-1obdseui.png Figure 1: Relative Share Error for Different Quadrature Rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-close-up-of-a-market-share-integral-17hkv2mu.png Figure 2: Close-Up of a Market Share Integral. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-point-estimates-gauss-hermite-with-first-5-good-31gg2n5m.png Table 6: Point Estimates: Gauss-Hermite with first 5 good starts and 75 nodes https://scispace.com/papers/high-plasma-levels-of-endothelin-1-enhance-the-predictive-4oxp8k9dhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-clinical-characteristics-laboratory-data-y4lavf1i.png Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory data and ultrasonographic findings in relation to plasma values of endothelin-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-analysis-of-the-baseline-61ci36ol.png Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of the baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory data and ultrasonographic findings in relation to the occurrence of major cardiac and cerebral events in the group with higher levels of endothelin-1, as registered in the 20-year follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fugmqq1a.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1i4fhv97.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/high-pressure-hydrogen-sulfide-from-first-principles-a-3kkcraavng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-electron-phonon-interaction-and-logarithmic-1xq0e141.png TABLE II. Electron-phonon interaction and logarithmic averages of phonon frequencies, with and without anharmonic effects. The Tc’s are calculated using the isotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equations (TMEc ). A value of μ ¼ 0.16 is used. Data for Tc calculated with the McMillan equation are provided in the Supplemental Material [30]. Frequencies are in meV and Tc’s are in K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-l-olog-and-tc-values-in-the-harmonic-bgtn3nay.png TABLE I. Calculated λ, ωlog, and Tc values in the harmonic approximation for C2=c HS2, C2=m HS2, and C2=m HS. Tc is estimated using the McMillan equation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-phonon-dispersion-phonon-density-of-2a6psl30.png FIG. 2 (color online). Phonon dispersion, phonon density of states projected onto selected atoms and directions, and the Eliashberg function of H3S in the harmonic approximation (top) and with the inclusion of anharmonic effects (bottom) for H3S at 200 GPa. H⊥ and H∥ label displacements of an H atom in the directions perpendicular or parallel to a H─S bond. The magnitude of the phonon linewidth is indicated by the size of the red error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-results-of-structure-searching-at-200-and-1p5hpeez.png FIG. 1 (color online). Results of structure searching at 200 and 250 GPa. Convex hulls are shown as continuous lines, with and without the inclusion of zero-point energy (ZPE). https://scispace.com/papers/high-prevalence-of-sars-cov-2-antibodies-in-care-homes-1ukytl7z2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-diagram-of-residents-and-staff-in-6-london-care-2cbbjgs1.png Fig. 1. Flow diagram of residents and staff in 6 London care homes experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak during the pandemic who consented to follow-up testing including blood sampling for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies four to six weeks later. ‘Ever-symptomatic’ indicates that symptoms were experienced at some point during the follow-up period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-virus-neutralising-antibody-titre-analysis-a-virus-aii5rsjg.png Fig. 4. Virus neutralising antibody titre analysis. a) Virus neutralising antibody titre positive and negative percentage by age group for whole cohort. N = 132 b) Virus neutralisation titre by sex. Bars indicate median and 95% confidence interval. c) Virus neutralisation titre by symptom status during the initial testing period. Bars indicate median and 95% confidence interval. d) Virus neutralisation titre by age group. Box and whisker plot with bars indicating full range of results. N = 118. Statistical analysis a) Chi-square test, P = 0.27; b Mann-Whitney U Test, P = 0.69; c) Mann-Whitney U Test, P = 0.10 d) Kruskal Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test adjustment, P = 0.40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-age-group-analysis-native-viral-antigen-lysate-assay-310x86y0.png Fig. 3. Age group analysis native viral antigen lysate assay. Left panel: Seroconversion percentage by age group for whole cohort, N = 394. Right panel: Native viral antigen assay index value for seropositive individuals by initial RT-PCR status and age group, N = 307. Bars indicate median and 95% confidence interval. Dashed line indicates assay positive cutoff. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test of proportion (p = 0.43) and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (p = 0.07). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-care-homes-cohort-and-seropositivity-24sqtoyb.png Table 1 Demographics of care homes cohort and seropositivity by group: percentage and 95% confidence intervals shown. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test(f) and Chisquare test of proportions(c), p values as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-indicated-study-populations-with-1t0ffryj.png Fig. 2. Proportion of indicated study populations with positive (maroon), equivocal (yellow) staff and resident sub groups. b) Seroconversion by sex for whole cohort. c) Seroconversion Staff N = 208; Residents N = 186. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-characterization-of-umo-alloy-microstructure-4gy4aggfzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematics-of-apt-technique-and-reconstructed-3aaq5jr6.png Figure 12. Schematics of APT Technique and Reconstructed Result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-carbides-in-as-cast-u-10mo-alloy-sem-images-of-a-yxfhpf1e.png Figure 13. Carbides in As-Cast U-10Mo Alloy. SEM images of (a) carbides and (b) needle specimen; (c) the corresponding APT reconstruction showing the regions of γ-UMo and UC with Si enrichment at the interface between them; (d) The mass-to-charge ratio spectrum of the same atom probe reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-sample-preparation-of-a-transformed-region-of-a-25ci5xd3.png Figure 3. TEM Sample Preparation of a Transformed Region of a 500°C-10 h Isothermally Annealed U-10Mo Alloy. (a) the ROI; (b) after Pt deposition on the ROI; (c) TEM sample lamella after initial thinning; (d) final TEM lamella after final thinning, showing the transformed regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-transformed-lamellar-microstructure-in-500degc-10-159oupad.png Figure 11. Transformed Lamellar Microstructure in 500°C-10 h Isothermally Annealed U-10Mo alloy. (a) STEM HAADF image; the region selected for SAD is highlighted by the dashed circle. (b) SAD pattern showing presence of γ-Umo in the darker lamellar region in STEM image; (c) HRSTEM image showing the interface between γ-Umo and α-U lamella; (d) HRSTEM imaging showing presence of step ledges between the lamellae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fib-preparation-of-tem-samples-with-specific-31qmz4eo.png Figure 2. FIB Preparation of TEM Samples with Specific Carbides from 1000°C-60 h Annealed U-10Mo Alloy. The two carbides selected for the TEM samples are shown as C1 and C2. (a) the ROI; (b) after Pt deposition on the ROI; (c) the lift-out TEM lamella after initial thinning (d) the TEM lamella after final low-kV cleaning showing thin regions beside holes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-crystal-structure-model-and-sad-simulations-of-a-u-1aj5s6q3.png Figure 6. Crystal Structure Model and SAD Simulations of α-U https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-crystal-structure-model-and-sad-simulations-of-g-an6dblt7.png Figure 7. Crystal Structure Model and SAD Simulations of γ'-U2Mo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-crystal-structure-model-and-sad-simulations-of-uc-2chj4h9v.png Figure 8. Crystal Structure Model and SAD Simulations of UC https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-climate-change-impact-analysis-on-medium-30u3ihkq7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-meteorological-forcing-data-1971-2000-for-the-1obyfvyl.png TABLE 3. Mean meteorological forcing data (1971–2000) for the three catchments investigated during the winter half-year (WH) and summer half-year (SH). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projected-rcm-future-changes-2021-50-to-1971-2000-for-2kgcpups.png FIG. 3. Projected RCM future changes (2021–50 to 1971–2000) for precipitation, temperature, relative humidity (RH), and shortwave (SW) downward radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-calibration-performance-of-the-hms-for-the-ammer-28sfvjrf.png TABLE 6. Calibration performance of the HMs for the Ammer, Mulde, and Ruhr catchments. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), modified Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (MmodNSE), and volume bias (VB) are shown for the calibration (Cal) and validation (Val) periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-mq-and-mean-maximum-monthly-mhq-flows-of-observed-3rphvh2j.png FIG. 4. Mean (MQ) and mean maximum monthly (MHQ) flows of observed runoff and HM simulations based on meteorological station data (SimObs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-percentage-difference-of-left-mq-and-right-mhq-flows-3b94do2u.png FIG. 7. Percentage difference of (left) MQ and (right) MHQ flows between the scenario (2021–50) and control (1971–2000) period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-three-investigated-catchments-black-pi4mmu73.png FIG. 1. Location of the three investigated catchments (black stipple pattern) in Germany. Flow directions: Ammer (south) and Mulde (east) from south to north, Ruhr (west) from east to west. The black lines indicate the borders of Germany and the states within Germany. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-the-bias-corrected-bc-precipitation-and-1pxwg3i0.png FIG. 10. Effect of the bias-corrected (BC) precipitation and temperature data on the mean monthly discharge (1971–2000) at gauge Bad D€uben, Mulde: simulations based on WaSiM-ETH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sensitivity-test-of-the-influence-of-rh-to-the-2czzawcv.png FIG. 6. Sensitivity test of the influence of RH to the discharge simulations with WaSiM-ETH in the Ammer catchment using CLM and WRF input for the control period 1971–2000. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-gpu-based-flow-simulation-of-the-gaseous-5gntjnf9n9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schlieren-plot-and-density-contour-combined-with-rbkzywtn.png FIGURE 2. a) Schlieren plot and density contour combined with the reactant fraction from numerical simulations and b) Schlieren and self-luminescent photographs from experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sequence-of-detailed-structure-of-the-unstable-5wovra3f.png FIGURE 1. A sequence of detailed structure of the unstable methane-oxygen detonation. a) and b) temperature and Schlieren plots from numerical simulations; and c) experimental Schlieren photographs. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-imaging-by-multiple-image-deconvolution-ybt5u6bjeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-panel-a-cluster-of-four-stars-with-angular-1gfdupl7.png FIGURE 6. Left panel: a cluster of four stars with angular separation smaller than the diffraction limit. Middle panel: the reconstruction provided by OSEM initialized with a constant array (as before three images at 0Æ 60Æ , and 120Æ are used). Right panel: the reconstruction provided by OSEM initialized with a suitable mask (see the text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-picture-of-the-large-binocular-telescope-qb47c2bq.png FIGURE 1. A picture of the Large Binocular Telescope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-psf-of-lbt-left-panel-and-the-corresponding-mtf-3ioxp28o.png FIGURE 2. The PSF of LBT (left panel) and the corresponding MTF (right panel). In the left panel the baseline is parallel to the horizontal directiobn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-reconstruction-of-a-nebula-vlt-eso-image-ow6hswre.png FIGURE 5. Example of reconstruction of a nebula (VLT/ESO image of M1). Left-upper panel: the object. Right-upper panel: the image corresponding to an orientation of the baseline of 0 Æ. Left-lower panel: the reconstruction of the nebula as derived from the previous image. Right-lower panel: the reconstruction obtained using three images with orientations of the baseline of 0 Æ 60Æ , and 120Æ. About 100 OSEM iterations have been used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-panel-comparison-of-the-cut-of-the-mtf-of-lbt-1g4jtbto.png FIGURE 4. Left panel: comparison of the cut of the MTF of LBT (ideal case) along the direction of the baseline (dashed line) with the corresponding cut of the average MTF (full line). Right panel: the dashed line is the cut of the MTF of a confocal microscope along a lateral direction while the full line is again a cut of the average MTF. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-laser-self-mixing-displacement-sensor-under-2e6eq72hok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-block-diagram-of-epsa-1-3e202d6l.png Fig. 3. Schematic block diagram of EPSA [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-block-diagram-of-fpga-based-hardware-emulation-of-21fwoco2.png Fig. 13. Block diagram of FPGA based hardware emulation of IEPS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-smi-setup-for-target-displacement-measurement-2s0d8989.png Fig. 1. Typical SMI setup for target displacement measurement by using a laser diode (LD) package and a focusing lens. A piezoelectric transducer (PZT) is used as target under motion. Power variations P(t) are processed using a https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-power-consumption-details-for-epsa-on-vertex-6-1nakaclh.png TABLE II. POWER CONSUMPTION DETAILS FOR EPSA ON VERTEX-6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-resources-consumption-details-for-epsa-on-virtex-6-ndl51nub.png TABLE I. RESOURCES CONSUMPTION DETAILS FOR EPSA ON VIRTEX-6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-sm-signals-for-different-c-values-with-1dp5bhdi.png Fig. 2. Simulated SM Signals for different C values with target vibration 𝐴𝑝−𝑝 = 1.7 λ0 (λ0 = 785nm) (a) D(t), (b) C = 0.2, (c) C = 1, (d) C = 2.5, (e) C = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-iepsa-performance-for-an-experimental-smi-signal-1xdublnu.png Fig. 16. IEPSA performance for an experimental SMI signal corresponding to arbitrary target motion. (a) reference displacement from PZT (b) P(t), (c) fringe reshaping, (d) P2, (e) I0, (f) I9, (g) zoomed view of I9, (h) retrieved displacement, and (i) error (red line) and RMS error (blue line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-iepsa-response-for-an-experimental-speckle-affected-vyh1v41n.png Fig. 15. IEPSA response for an experimental speckle affected SM signal. (a) normalized 𝑃(𝑡), (b) phase retrieval after Hilbert transform (HT), (c) zoomed version of signal (b), (d) signal reshaping applied on (c), (e) P2, (f) I0, (g) I9, and (h) zoomed view of I9. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-map-of-eggplant-solanum-melongena-reveals-hhmgiujham 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-markers-mapped-to-each-linkage-group-3w23bvux.png Table 3 Number of markers mapped to each linkage group, linkage group length, and marker saturation statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marker-loci-at-the-boundaries-of-gaps-spanning-the-758uvlad.png Table 2 Marker loci at the boundaries of gaps spanning the merged linkage groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-markers-scored-per-primer-combination-pc-1gmo0ycu.png Table 1 Number of markers scored per primer combination (PC) https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-modelling-of-multi-energy-domestic-demand-44lsaswrwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domestic-energy-models-to-energy-profile-mapping-z89ruudj.png Figure 1: Domestic energy models to energy profile mapping 246 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-storage-heater-electrical-analogue-based-on-38-386-6ngyof0b.png Figure 7: Storage heater electrical analogue (based on [38]) 386 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cooking-model-518-3fun1ep0.png Figure 10: Cooking model 518 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-building-and-external-temperatures-by-case-for-3oitz6yt.png Figure 19: Building and external temperatures, by case, for semi-detached cases (left) and flat cases (right) 631 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-heat-stored-by-heat-emitter-type-for-a-modern-semi-127p0341.png Figure 20: Heat stored by heat emitter type, for a modern semi-detached house with gas boiler heating 641 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-active-left-and-inactive-right-radiator-electrical-36t2jff4.png Figure 5: Active (left) and inactive (right) radiator electrical analogues 348 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-active-left-and-inactive-right-under-floor-system-1hacuc9v.png Figure 6: Active (left) and inactive (right) under-floor system electrical analogues 367 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-energy-input-demands-for-semi-detached-left-and-13v463v9.png Figure 16: Energy input demands for semi-detached (left) and flat (right) dwellings, ASHP/radiator/electric cooking 603 options 604 https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-structure-and-dynamics-of-mitochondrial-3mamnh8n1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-q-reduction-site-and-conformational-changes-in-nd1-28m75ja7.png Figure 4: Q reduction site and conformational changes in ND1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-protein-bound-water-molecules-in-the-membrane-arm-2rchpwri.png Figure 2: Protein-bound water molecules in the membrane arm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-model-for-redox-linked-proton-translocation-by-19io373v.png Figure 6: Model for redox-linked proton translocation by complex I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydration-of-antiporter-like-subunits-kpxgkvqz.png Figure 3. Hydration of antiporter-like subunits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-central-subunits-and-detailed-view-on-36us4tnr.png Figure 1 Overview of central subunits and detailed view on FeS cluster N2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mutagenesis-and-conformational-rearrangement-of-key-2hegvw8e.png Figure 5: Mutagenesis and conformational rearrangement of key residues in subunits ND1 and NDUFS2. https://scispace.com/papers/high-speed-and-low-energy-flip-flop-operation-of-asymmetric-1foa80fk79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-characteristics-of-the-implemented-devices-a-power-1r0ut9tn.png Fig. 2. Characteristics of the implemented devices. (a) Power-current characteristics and (b) emission spectrum in the “on” state of the implemented devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-high-mesa-asymmetric-active-mmi-blds-3pk5eg6m.png Fig 1. Schematic view of high-mesa asymmetric active-MMI BLDs. (a) Waveguide configuration, (b) cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dynamic-memory-operation-of-high-mesa-asymmetric-2anw74dd.png Fig. 4. Dynamic memory operation of high-mesa asymmetric active-MMI BLDs using 25 ps switching pulses. (a) Set and reset pulses, as well as device output, (b) rise time and (c) fall time characterisation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-for-the-measurement-of-the-dynamic-2bcx07w0.png Fig. 3. Experimental setup for the measurement of the dynamic behavior of the all-optical flip-flops. . https://scispace.com/papers/high-speed-determination-of-laser-wavelength-using-poincare-5821sg5tr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-poincare-descriptor-pk-top-and-speckle-2ro35l5s.png Figure 2: The Poincaré descriptor Pk (top) and speckle correlation (bottom) variation with wavelength for experimental data, where δλ = 0 corresponds to a wavelength of 780.244 nm. As in simulation, Pk is monotonic over a wavelength range comparable to the speckle correlation limit (vertical dashed line), which is 290 fm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-poincare-descriptor-pk-top-and-speckle-3cffaf7m.png Figure 1: The Poincaré descriptor Pk (top) and speckle correlation (bottom) variation with wavelength, where δλ = 0 corresponds to a wavelength of 780 nm for simulated data. The speckle correlation limit, above which the transmission matrix method is a reliable tool for speckle-based wavelength measurement, is indicated by the vertical dashed line. Pk is monotonic over a wavelength range comparable to this speckle correlation limit, and therefore provides a reliable probe of wavelength below this limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparative-measurement-of-the-speed-of-pca-and-of-qcp1hlst.png Figure 4: Comparative measurement of the speed of PCA and of the Poincaré descriptor method. (a) The time required to train PCA (red) and Poincaré analysis with k = 1 (blue) both exhibit powerlaw growth with the size of the training set. The training duration in Poincaré analysis is reduced by one order of magnitude compared with PCA. (b) After training has been performed, the time taken to perform an individual measurement is independent of training set size for Poincaré analysis, while the time for an individual wavelength measurement with PCA is at least two orders of magnitude longer and increases with training set size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-experiment-the-poincare-descriptor-method-can-3rypp0ne.png Figure 3: In experiment, the Poincaré descriptor method can measure wavelength changes on the femtometer scale. A sinusoidal wavelength modulation with amplitude 10.7 fm (black) is applied using an acousto-optic modulator, and the resulting changes in the speckle pattern are measured using the Poincaré descriptor P3 (blue), achieving a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.1. https://scispace.com/papers/high-speed-low-complexity-radix-16-max-log-map-siso-decoder-3ib7ajyt3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radix-8-acs-unit-used-2zls7xjn.png Fig. 4. Radix-8 ACS unit used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-radix-16-bmu-architecture-3sg1kc6l.png Fig. 3. Proposed radix-16 BMU architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-siso-decoder-architecture-301kggne.png Fig. 1. SISO decoder architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radix-16-acs-unit-trellis-diagram-transition-3kkkgxx8.png Fig. 2. Radix-16 ACS unit trellis diagram transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-proposed-radix-16-sou-b-switch-i-circuit-c-switch-ii-1embg41d.png Fig. 5. (a) Proposed radix-16 SOU. (b) Switch-I circuit. (c) Switch-II circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-siso-decoder-displacement-to-avoid-interference-2efwy8ig.png Fig. 6. SISO decoder displacement to avoid interference between symbols in a radix-16 trellis transition. https://scispace.com/papers/high-speed-structured-planar-laser-illumination-for-contrast-1vwblrp6w8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-comparison-between-ic-and-is-in-a-and-b-a-27i53iic.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Comparison between IC and IS. In (a) and (b) a single nebulizer was used while in (c) and (d) three additional nebulizers were added in front of the camera. The estimated contrast value is indicated in the top left corner of each image. The cross section, integrated between 0 mm Y 6 mm is shown below each picture, where the averaged maximum and minimum values are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-imaging-part-of-the-experimental-tqbyd10p.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the imaging part of the experimental setup together with the three successive recorded images (I1, I2, and I3). https://scispace.com/papers/high-stiffness-nano-composite-fibres-from-polyvinylalcohol-46st1zrq76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-and-formation-conditions-for-graphene-2opvitsx.png Figure 2. SEM images and formation conditions for graphene and boron nitride composite fibres. (A-F) SEM images of composite (A-C) Boron Nitride and (D-F) Graphene fibres. GH) Scaling of diameter and volume fraction with the ratio of ink injection rate to polymer flow rate used during fibre preparation. The dashed lines in G and H represent power laws with exponents 0.66 and 0.5 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-stress-strain-curves-of-a-graphene-1ef08hxy.png Figure 3. Representative stress strain curves of (A) Graphene- and (B) Boron Nitride-filled composites. (C) Ultimate Tensile Strength and (D) Young’s Modulus of the composite fibres as a function of volume fraction. Dashed lines in (C) and (D) represent linear behaviour with slopes of dY/dVf = 160 (black) and 55 (red) GPa and dσB/dVf = 800 (black) and 200 (red) MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-best-data-reported-here-filled-359sb4qv.png Figure 4: Comparison of best data reported here (filled symbols) to data for graphene and nanotube based fibres taken from the literature (see SI for table). The graphene literature data consists of graphene-oxide-only fibers and graphene-oxide composite fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterisation-of-liquid-exfoliated-graphene-and-1phtm1xb.png Figure 1: Characterisation of liquid exfoliated graphene and BN nanosheets and aggregates. AB) TEM images of both graphene (A) and BN (B) nanosheets. C-D) Histograms showing the length of graphene (C) and BN (D) nanosheets. E-F) TEM images of both graphene (E) and BN (F) aggregates. G-H) Histograms showing the length of graphene (G) and BN (H) aggregates. The insets in (G) and (H) show the histograms for nanosheets and aggregates combined. https://scispace.com/papers/high-temperature-fretting-tribometer-study-of-the-dynamic-2i0825u437 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identified-kblades-and-mmobile-resulting-from-the-16jock6z.png Table 1. Identified Kblades and mmobile resulting from the FFT analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanical-analysis-of-the-test-setup-in-the-contact-1lq6tos7.png Fig. 4. Mechanical analysis of the test setup (in the contact plane). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-global-test-setup-and-sensors-positions-2c3ie9hz.png Fig. 1. Global test setup and sensors positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fft-of-the-tangential-load-for-the-1-100-hz-sweep-and-8b677pr4.png Fig. 5. FFT of the tangential load for the 1–100 Hz sweep, and theoretical FFT (dashed red line) plotted with the identified parameters mmobile and Kblades. (a) Rigid blade. (b) Zoom in. (c) Compliant blade. (d) Zoom in. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparisom-of-fretting-loops-for-ft2-red-dashed-lines-1nd8k6w1.png Fig. 8. Comparisom of fretting loops for Ft2 (red dashed lines) or Ft1 load (black lines) for different test cases (frequency, displacement amplitude, normal load, materials, fretting regime). (a) 10 Hz – 20 ◦C–5 MPa. (b) 30 H – 20 ◦C – 350 MPa. (c) 50 Hz – 600 ◦C – 5 MPa. (d) 50 Hz – 600 ◦C – 5 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-displacement-metrology-analysis-3qvfgjcg.png Fig. 2. Displacement metrology analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-blades-stiffness-versus-test-frequency-2onsb2pb.png Table 2. Measured blades stiffness versus test frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-global-sliding-fretting-loops-using-ft2-red-squares-35ifn9ji.png Fig. 6. Global sliding fretting loops using Ft2 (red squares), Fmes1 (grey thin line), inertia corrected Fmes1 (blue crosses) or Ft1 (green circles). https://scispace.com/papers/high-temporal-and-spatial-resolution-distributed-fiber-bragg-2wt811o6f2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-demonstration-of-nonuniform-strain-sensing-a-c-the-25r58aay.png Fig. 5. Demonstration of nonuniform strain sensing. (a, c) The measured temporal waveforms, and (b, d) their spectrograms for nonuniform expansion and compressoin of the sensing LCFBG, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-demonstration-of-local-crack-detection-a-the-measured-21z69oy6.png Fig. 7. Demonstration of local crack detection. (a) The measured temporal intereference waveform and (b) its spectrogram clearly showing two frequency hoppings which identifies the locations of the two holes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characterization-of-the-interrogation-system-by-1zac5qfm.png Fig. 4. Characterization of the interrogation system by applying various uniform strains. Insets show spectrograms of the temporal interference patterns at uniform strain values of 180 and 625 µi, respectively. A linear fitting result is also shown in red solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-basic-ots-fdr-performance-with-no-strain-2piga24v.png Fig. 3. Measured basic OTS-FDR performance with no strain applied. (a) Reflection spectrum from the rference LCFBG, (b) reflection spectrum from the sensing grating, (c) spectral interferogram, (d) temporal inteference waveform verifying the dispersion-i duced wavelength-to-time mapping. https://scispace.com/papers/high-throughput-imaging-of-mrna-at-the-single-cell-level-in-2hruqpf460 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-assessment-of-technical-and-biological-variation-in-223sxtjs.png Figure 5. Assessment of technical and biological variation in hcHCR data. Primary human monocytes were obtained from 3 unrelated healthy donors and dHCR was performed with TNF as the target mRNA (A) and qHCR was performed with IL1B as the target mRNA (B). Measurements were performed at baseline (no LPS), after stimulation with 1 ng/mL LPS for 30 minutes followed by vehicle treatment (0.1% EtOH) for 2 hours (LPS + Vehicle), or after stimulation with 1 ng/mL LPS for 30 minutes followed by methylprednisolone treatment (200 µg/dL) for 2-hours (LPS + MP). Each dot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detection-of-up-or-down-regulated-genes-a-tsc22d3-z2viupm9.png Figure 3. Detection of up- or down-regulated genes. (A) TSC22D3 (GILZ) transcript abundance as HCR spots/cell (blue) after in vitro treatment of human primary B cells with vehicle (0.1% ethanol) or methylprednisolone (MP) (200 µg/dL) for 2 hours. (B) Density plots showing the distributions of TSC22D3 transcript abundance after MP or vehicle treatment. (C) TNF transcript abundance as HCR spots/cell (green), after in vitro stimulation of human primary monocytes with LPS (1 ng/mL) for 30 minutes, followed by treatment with vehicle (0.1% ethanol) or MP (200 µg/dL) for 2 hours. (D) Density plots showing TNF mRNA quantification after LPS stimulation followed by vehicle or MP treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simultaneous-quantification-of-transcript-abundance-3iickty5.png Figure 4. Simultaneous quantification of transcript abundance for multiple genes. Single-cell level quantification of gene expression for two genes, TNF (green) and IL1B (magenta), assayed in the same reaction in primary human monocytes stained with DAPI (grey). (A) Time-series response to stimulation with LPS (1 ng/mL), showing TNF and IL1B mRNA spots with vehicle or LPS stimulation at 15, 30 and 60-minute time points. (B) Scatter plots of TNF and IL1B gene expression, quantified as the number of HCR spots per cell. Cells were stimulated with vehicle or LPS for 30 minutes before hcHCR. Least-squares regression lines are in red. r = Pearson correlation coefficient. (C) Distinct clusters of mRNA molecules for each gene after stimulation with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 30 minutes. (D) Matrix of IL1B and TNF expression distributions after LPS stimulation at six concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL) and five time points (0, 15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-an-appropriate-substrate-for-hci-2cgtrz0p.png Figure 2. Identification of an appropriate substrate for HCI of human primary immune cells. https://scispace.com/papers/higher-dimensional-perfect-fluids-and-empty-singular-21hpaeo5bs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-the-second-case-it-has-all-the-same-ones-as-those-1bv31ri5.png Table 1. In the second case, it has all the same ones as those in (II). The matter, in this case, is a weird fluid with null density but non-vanishing pressure, and (26) becomes https://scispace.com/papers/higher-harmonic-wave-loads-on-a-vertical-cylinder-in-finite-3i2pjymqx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrative-example-of-force-components-of-the-3us1ob6z.png Figure 2. Illustrative example of force components of the third harmonic load in the generalized FNV model. Water depth h/a = 7.83. Left: Force components, where Fx denotes the total force (2.7), Fi = ∫ 0 −h F ′dz with F ′ given by (2.2), while FHD, FQ and F Ψ are defined by (2.8), (2.9) and (2.7), respectively. Right: Components of Fi. Note that, for circular cross-sections, the distributed force terms in Rainey’s model (Eqn. (22) in Manners & Rainey (1992)) agree with F ′ in the FNV model, given by 2.2). The only difference between the two load models is therefore the Fψ term. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-illustrating-different-kc-numbers-for-wave-4ky245b6.png Figure 6. Example illustrating different KC numbers for wave steepness H1/λ ranging from 0 to 1/16 at water depth h/a = 7.83, for ka = 0.127 (left) and ka = 0.105 (right). KCn means that the horizontal velocity in the incident wave at the wave crest according to n’th order Stokes theory is used. A minus sign as superscript indicates that the velocity at the wave trough is used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-same-wave-condition-as-in-figure-5-but-rear-view-3kixg2x0.png Figure 22. Same wave condition as in Figure 5, but rear view. Illustration of the local run-up at the rear. The time-instants are approximately T/40 apart, where T is the wave period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-fourth-and-fifth-harmonics-of-the-horizontal-force-w8hi4lfo.png Figure 18. Fourth and fifth harmonics of the horizontal force (top) and mudline moment (bottom) for two wave steepnesses H1/λ = 1/40 and 1/25. Water depth h/a = 7.83. Solid curves: generalized FNV theory. Symbols: experiments. Superscripts indicate harmonics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-amplitudes-of-the-first-three-harmonics-of-the-38psgpho.png Figure 23. Amplitudes of the first three harmonics of the horizontal force due to regular waves at water depth h/a = 5.51. Superscripts indicate harmonics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-horizontal-velocity-u-at-the-cylinder-2tvfdl2y.png Figure 3. Example of horizontal velocity u at the cylinder axis according to fifth-order Stokes wave theory for two selected, relevant regular wave conditions: h/a = 7.83, wave steepness H1/λ = 1/25, ka = 0.127 (left) and ka = 0.105 (right). ζa is the linear wave amplitude and ω = 2π/T with T the wave period. The time step between each curve is T/80. Note that for ka = 0.105, the magnitude of the velocity is larger at the sea floor in the positive direction, than at the free surface in the negative direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-point-of-attack-zp-my-fx-of-the-first-three-2u4lkt65.png Figure 19. Point of attack zp = My/Fx of the first three harmonics. White symbols in the left figures represent repetition tests. FNV3: original FNV method. FNV5: applying Stokes fifth order wave theory integrated to the instantaneous fifth order free surface. Analytic: Linear potential flow theory using long wave length theory with mass coefficient Cm = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-amplitudes-of-the-first-three-harmonics-of-the-1m3dy34a.png Figure 27. Amplitudes of the first three harmonics of the mudline moment due to regular waves at water depth h/a = 5.51. Superscripts indicate harmonics. https://scispace.com/papers/highlighting-gaps-in-spinal-cord-injury-research-in-activity-2911p4sjp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-selection-prisma-flow-diagram-for-the-scoping-pezh8pl0.png Figure 1. Study Selection PRISMA Flow Diagram for the Scoping Review. mon, months; n, 654 number of articles; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-655 analyses 656 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-included-studies-630-gxizu3qn.png Table 2. Characteristics of Included Studies 630 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interventions-and-outcomes-of-spinal-cord-injury-11plq9y7.png Table 3. Interventions and Outcomes of Spinal Cord Injury Studies 636 637 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-interventions-and-outcomes-of-studies-in-other-1xwda4mq.png Table 4. Interventions and Outcomes of Studies in Other Neurological Conditions 644 645 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-strategy-for-medline-627-database-s-ovid-v0j3agsv.png Table 1. Search Strategy for MEDLINE 627 Database(s): Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily, Epub Ahead of Print, and In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations 628 https://scispace.com/papers/highlighting-the-role-of-ras-and-rap-during-dictyostelium-575i3m5p1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ras-regulation-of-myosin-ii-filaments-in-chemotaxis-v1sdkjo7.png Fig. 3. Ras regulation of myosin-II filaments in chemotaxis. Rap1 regulates leading edge formation by controlling myosin formation at the leading edge. Upon cAMP stimulation Rap is rapidly activated at the leading edge. Rap-GTP binds and activates Phg2, which directly or indirectly phosphorylates MHCKa, thereby inhibitingmyosin filament formation at the front. In the contrarymyosinII filaments are formed at the cortex in the back of moving cells, thereby preventing the formation of lateral pseudopodia and providing the power to retract the uropod.Myosin assembly at the back is mainly regulated by PAKa and the cGMP pathway, both of which are activated by Ras. cAMP-mediated Ras activations lead, through a yet unknownmechanism, in the rapid activation of the guanylyl cyclases, sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) and GCA (guanylyl cyclase A). The resulting cGMP activates GbpC which mediates myosin in two ways. It regulates myosin assembly at the back of the cell and secondly it regulates MLCKa phosphorylation, which promotes myosin motor activity, thereby enhancing the retraction force of myosin filaments causing the uropod to retract. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ras-signalling-at-the-leading-edge-binding-of-camp-to-268teevq.png Fig. 2. Ras signalling at the leading edge. Binding of cAMP to the cAR1 receptor results through heterotrimeric G-protein signalling to the rapid activation of GEFs and subsequently Ras at the leading edge. cAMP signal transduction in early development is partitioned between pathways that use either RasG (depicted in green) or RasC (depicted in red). RasG and RasC seem to have both unique and overlapping functions. RasG (indicated in green) is more important for regulating PIP3 signalling and TORC2 activity and subsequently essential for cell polarity and actin polymerisation at the leading edge. RasC on the other hand is more important for ACA activity and hence cAMP relay. Although, Ras is activated independent of PI3K or actin, a positive feedback loop (indicated in blue) involving PI(3,4,5)P3 mediated actin polymerisation, recruitment of additional PI3K to the leading edge, and Ras activation is important for amplifying the initial signal and stabilizing the leading edge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-dictyostelium-ras-subfamily-lqhzed2a.png Table 1 Overview of the Dictyostelium Ras subfamily https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ras-signalling-a-the-g-protein-cycle-small-g-proteins-34rb1qxm.png Fig. 1. Ras signalling. (A) The G-protein cycle. Small G-proteins switch between an inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound state. GEFs (guanine exchange factors) activate GDP-bound Ras by catalysing the exchange of GDP for GTP. Only in the active GTP-bound state, Ras can interact with downstream effectors. GAPs (GTPase activating proteins) catalyse the return to the inactive GDP-state, by stimulating an otherwise low intrinsic GTPase activity. (B) Ras activation at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells. Ras activation in vivo monitored by using GFP tagged RBD of Raf1 (Raf_RBD-GFP), which binds to and thus visualizes Ras-GTP levels and its localisation. (C) Rap1 activation at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells. In vivo Rap activation as visualized by GFP tagged Ras-binding domain (RBD) of RalGDS which binds to and thus monitors Rap1-GTP levels and its localisation. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-entangled-polymer-primitive-chain-network-simulations-38uqfbjksh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-similar-to-fig-3-for-the-case-of-a-monodisperse-linear-4sasuzm7.png FIG. 4. Similar to Fig. 3 for the case of a monodisperse linear polystyrene melt ~Ref. 20!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-g8-and-b-g9-for-z562-5-chain-generated-from-the-data-3o14zvle.png FIG. 2. ~a! G8 and~b! G9 for Z562.5 chain generated from the data in Fig. 1 by the scaling rules given by Eq.~3! with a53.4, and Eq.~5!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-and-model-parameters-of-monodisperse-foqjbiw0.png TABLE I. Characteristics and model parameters of monodisperse polyisoprene and polystyrene. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-efficient-and-well-matched-empty-substrate-integrated-2tex33gqtv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-and-measured-s11-parameters-s9x6xeo7.png Fig. 4: Simulated and measured |S11| parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-radiation-pattern-a-3d-plot-and-b-e-plane-25x6qdrk.png Fig. 5: Normalized radiation pattern. a) 3D plot and b) E-plane plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-h-plane-horn-antenna-2kqllpn5.png TABLE I: Parameters of the H-Plane Horn Antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-esiw-15-ghz-h-plane-sectoral-horn-antenna-before-skx38w7k.png Fig. 3: a) ESIW 15 GHz H-plane sectoral horn antenna before assembling and b) Fabricated ESIW horn antenna prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-esiw-layout-3d-view-2hn7qewk.png Fig. 2: ESIW layout (3D view). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-total-efficiency-for-different-esiw-and-siw-antenna-3v437jr2.png TABLE II: Total efficiency for different ESIW and SIW antenna configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-esiw-h-plane-sectorial-horn-antenna-x-1osadtel.png Fig. 1: Geometry of the ESIW H-plane sectorial horn antenna (x-y cut). https://scispace.com/papers/highly-efficient-genome-editing-by-homology-directed-repair-py3c9nig4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-of-crispr-cas-induced-g1-phenotypes-and-29bp8sqv.png Fig. 3. Frequency of CRISPR-Cas-induced G1 phenotypes and genotypes. Families M1 and F8 were injected with eGFP_gRNA2 (A-F), families M5, M3, F1 and F4 with eGFP_gRNA2b (G-R). In the first column, the absolute number of offspring per family and the occurrence of phenotypes “eGFP” (heterozygous) and “knock-out” (eGFP phenotypically missing) are shown (A, D, G, J, M, P). In addition, the second column shows the number of sequenced individuals with the frequency of different mutation types (knock-in, partial knock-in or insertion/deletion (InDel); B, E, H, K, N, Q). The third column shows the mutation types contingent upon egg collection time points (T1, T2, T3, (days after eclosion)) (C, F, I, L, O, R). Numbers above bars indicate absolute number of individuals per mutation per time point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crossing-scheme-and-analysis-of-g0-and-g1-individuals-1zbs8vw6.png Fig. 2. Crossing scheme and analysis of G0 and G1 individuals. Shown are fly images in bright field (A, D, G, J) and corresponding eGFP fluorescence (B, E, H, K) as well as the respective PCR validating the presence or absence of the eGFP marker gene (C, F, I, L). The TREhs43hidAla5_F1m2 G0 individual, homozygous for the eGFP marker gene, injected with Cas9 and eGFP _gRNA2 or -2b, was crossed to WT EgII flies. G1 offspring was either heterozygous for the eGFP marker (H) and positive in eGFP-specific PCR (I), or phenotypically missing the eGFP fluorescence (K), but still carrying the eGFP marker gene (L), which indicates a CRISPR-induced mutagenesis. DNA ladder used for agarose gel is the 2log DNA-ladder (NEB); bp = base pair. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-position-of-grnas-protospacer-adjacent-motifs-pam-1tjy7f5w.png Fig. 1. Position of gRNAs, protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM), double strand brakes (DSB) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the eGFP target sequence. A) Relative to the eGFP sequence the eGFP_gRNA2 (red) is sense- and the eGFP_gRNA2b (yellow) is antisense-oriented. PAM sequences are highlighted within the eGFP sequence, DSB sites indicated by triangles. Related gRNA, PAM, and DSB site match in color. The ssODN_BFP sequence differs from the eGFP sequence in three positions, SNPs are (194C>G, 196T>C, 201C>G), and consensus is shown as dots. B) Sequences of mutant eGFP alleles identified in G1 individuals compared to the eGFP reference sequence. Explanation of indications and abbreviations: consensus is shown as dots, knock-in (KI) mutant sites in uppercase letters, deletions (Del) by red lines, insertion sites (Ins) as red rectangles. Families that were carried the respective mutation(s) are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-palatable-and-hypercaloric-chronic-intake-of-food-and-1j9a9ewood 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6dd11p5f.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/highly-resolved-separation-of-carrier-and-thermal-wave-5fpd9k85k0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ptr-transient-response-of-a-cr-doped-n-type-si-wafer-1-2ucwx4j4.png Fig. 1 PTR transient response of a Cr-doped n-type Si wafer (1.7 x 1013 Cr atoms/cm2; 5-13 Q cm) to (a) an Ar-ion laser "pulse;" and (b) a Nd-YAG laser "pulse." Pulse duration zp = 30 ms. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-scalable-amplified-hybrid-tdm-dwdm-array-architecture-2di1wv9hdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-budget-per-channel-with-22-dbm-launched-power-19y9l0av.png TABLE 1 POWER BUDGET PER CHANNEL WITH +22 DBM LAUNCHED POWER INTO THE ARRAY https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-power-budget-per-channel-with-22-dbm-launched-power-3mbvob0g.png TABLE 2 POWER BUDGET PER CHANNEL WITH +22 DBM LAUNCHED POWER INTO THE ARRAY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-and-predicted-osnr-as-a-function-of-the-1lkpbmk0.png Fig. 5 Measured and predicted OSNR as a function of the optical signal power per channel at point A. The values along the top axis show the equivalent number of sensors in each TDM group to achieve those OSNRs with a launched power of +22 dBm into a fully-loaded system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noise-characterization-of-the-rock-laser-used-in-the-1pdr3e6x.png Fig. 3 Noise characterization of the Rock laser used in the proof-of-concept experimental setup, including phase noise spectrum in one-meter OPD and the relative intensity noise spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-selective-catalytic-reduction-of-nitro-to-azoarenes-52d4abj064 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalytic-reduction-of-nitro-to-azobenzene-over-2gwzg7q7.png Table 1 Catalytic reduction of nitro- to azobenzene over supported catalysts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-catalytic-synthesis-of-substituted-azoarenes-11a331qh.png Table 2 Catalytic synthesis of substituted azoarenes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-direct-synthesis-of-asymmetrical-azoarenes-over-au-2gzdelpf.png Table 3 Direct synthesis of asymmetrical azoarenes over Au/TiO2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-of-the-art-catalytic-methods-of-azoarenes-1e8pbydv.png Fig. 1 State-of-the-art catalytic methods of azoarenes synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reduction-of-nitrobenzene-at-30-c-over-au-ht-catalyst-35mx6g0q.png Fig. 3 Reduction of nitrobenzene at 30 C over Au/HT catalyst in 2-propanol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-3-au-ht-tem-images-and-particle-size-distribution-2v4hk7e4.png Fig. 2 1.3 %Au/HT: TEM images and particle size distribution https://scispace.com/papers/highly-ti-loaded-mcm-41-effect-of-the-metal-precursor-and-3qbnlubk48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phyico-chemical-properties-of-titanium-2aqymepv.png Table 1. Phyico-chemical properties of titanium-functionalized MCM-41 materials https://scispace.com/papers/histological-and-transcriptional-study-of-angiogenesis-and-3nyiuh2db2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expression-of-some-general-angiogenesis-and-1p5jp3h9.png Table 2 Expression of some general, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis markers in uninvolved skin of psoriasis patients (N), early pinpoint lesions (PP) and psoriasis plaques (PSO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representative-immunostaining-of-blood-and-lymphatic-22ksy0wa.png Fig. 4. Representative immunostaining of blood and lymphatic vessels in uninvolved psoriatic skin (N), early psoriasis skin lesion (PP) and psoriasis plaque (PSO). Serial paraffin-embedded sections of N, PP and PSO skinwere stainedwith anti vonWillebrand factor (vW) and D2-40 to identify blood vessels and lymphatics, respectively in order to perform the computer-assisted morphometry on the complete series of samples. Scale bar = 100 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-expression-of-keratin-16-total-vegf-a-and-proportion-pyytb8wm.png Table 3 Expression of keratin 16, total VEGF-A and proportion (%) of the various isoforms of VEGF-A in early psoriasis lesions (PP) and psoriasis plaques (PSO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-electrophoretic-pattern-of-the-amplified-products-of-1flcpstw.png Fig. 5. Electrophoretic pattern of the amplified products of VEGF-A and 28S genes. RNA was extracted from OCT-embedded punch biopsies of early psoriasis skin lesion (PP) and psoriasis plaque (PSO). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in duplicates for 28S and VEGF-A. The amplified products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide and quantified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-patients-included-in-the-3i16mu9x.png Table 1 Characteristics of the patients included in the study. F, female; M, male; N, uninvolved psoriatic skin, PP, early psoriasis lesion, PSO, psoriasis plaque. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pinpoint-lesion-this-photograph-shows-psoriasis-2uegd8c3.png Fig. 1. Pinpoint lesion. This photograph shows psoriasis lesions including a pinpoint lesion (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-immunostaining-of-cycling-cells-in-uninvolved-3oi2ptu1.png Fig. 2. Immunostaining of cycling cells in uninvolved psoriatic skin (N), early psoriasis sk with anti-human Ki-67. Cycling cells were labelled with Ki-67 in N (n = 16), PP (n = 9) calculated as the ratio of labelled cells/total basal and epibasal cells are indicated in th https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immunostaining-of-cycling-cells-ki-67-and-lymphatic-1ashmij7.png Fig. 3. Immunostaining of cycling cells (Ki-67) and lymphatic vessels (D2-40) in early psoriasis skin lesion (PP) andpsoriasis plaque (PSO). (a) and (b) Illustrate representative Ki67 staining of PP and PSO, respectively showing positive blood endothelial cells in dermal papillae (arrows). Serial sections in an early psoriasis lesion (c, d, g) and in a psoriasis plaque (e, f, h)were also stainedwithD2-40 (c ande) andKi-67 (d, f, g, h) inorder to identify endothelial proliferating lymphatic cells (arrowheads in g andh). Scale bar = 100mm. https://scispace.com/papers/histology-image-classification-using-supervised-2w0wvy1mrr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-b-early-fusion-late-decision-3julotf2.png TABLE II(B) Early Fusion Late Decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-division-of-the-image-to-25-blocks-ok7ohglf.png Figure 2. Division of the image to 25 blocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-a-published-c-rspm-wmva-1l5ts5fx.png TABLE II(B) Early Fusion Late Decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-of-the-proposed-classification-4bmqdisl.png Figure 1. System architecture of the proposed classification framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-images-in-lymphoma-data-set-14qjlbq0.png Figure 5. Sample images in Lymphoma data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-b-early-fusion-late-decision-a0y3y2gm.png TABLE I (B) Early Fusion Late Decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-published-c-rspm-wmva-3pfxe43w.png TABLE I (B) Early Fusion Late Decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-images-in-liver-aging-dataset-36swopra.png Figure 1. System architecture of the proposed classification framework https://scispace.com/papers/hitting-probabilities-and-hitting-times-for-stochastic-fluid-18ud0godum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-behaviour-of-type-4-2f0sodwk.png FIGURE 4. Behaviour of type 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-densities-ps-t-12-for-the-bounded-20mt3jd0.png FIGURE 8. Probability densities ψ(t)12 for the bounded models in Example 2: (a) dashed line, (b) solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-probability-density-ps-t-12-for-the-unbounded-model-222jccyk.png FIGURE 9. Probability density ψ(t)12 for the unbounded model in Example 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-probability-densities-ps-t-12-for-the-bounded-2i1s302s.png FIGURE 10. Probability densities ψ(t)12 for the bounded models in Example 3: (a) dashed line, (b) solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-behaviour-of-type-3-2ql2ijnz.png FIGURE 3. Behaviour of type 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-behaviour-of-type-2-2tis1zeu.png FIGURE 2. Behaviour of type 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-density-ps-t-12-for-the-unbounded-model-16rslu1y.png FIGURE 5. Probability density ψ(t)12 for the unbounded model in Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-densities-ps-t-12-for-the-bounded-21zqowod.png FIGURE 6. Probability densities ψ(t)12 for the bounded models in Example 1: (a) dashed line, (b) thick solid line, (c) solid line. https://scispace.com/papers/hiv-and-aging-perhaps-not-as-dramatic-as-we-feared-wmd9hhp85f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-metabolic-complications-of-hiv-infection-29cdjng4.png Fig. 1. Major metabolic complications of HIV infection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-drug-drug-interactions-in-aging-hiv-2ncvgj0q.png Table 1. Selected drug-drug interactions in aging HIV-positive persons https://scispace.com/papers/hoggles-visualizing-object-detection-features-51z4121lz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-image-from-pascal-and-a-high-scoring-car-3ot397rg.png Figure 1: An image from PASCAL and a high scoring car detection from DPM [8]. Why did the detector fail? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-we-show-the-crop-for-the-false-car-detection-from-1phi9zoo.png Figure 2: We show the crop for the false car detection from Figure 1. On the right, we show our visualization of the HOG features for the same patch. Our visualization reveals that this false alarm actually looks like a car in HOG space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-we-evaluate-the-performance-of-our-inversion-2wl17s9e.png Table 1: We evaluate the performance of our inversion algorithm by comparing the inverse to the ground truth image using the mean normalized cross correlation. Higher is better; a score of 1 is perfect. See supplemental for full table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-we-evaluate-visualization-performance-across-twenty-39bmr4l6.png Table 2: We evaluate visualization performance across twenty PASCAL VOC categories by asking MTurk workers to classify our inversions. Numbers are percent classified correctly; higher is better. Chance is 0.05. Glyph refers to the standard black-and-white HOG diagram popularized by [3]. Paired dictionary learning provides the best visualizations for humans. Expert refers to MIT PhD students in computer vision performing the same visualization challenge with HOG glyphs. See supplemental for full table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-hog-inversion-reveals-the-world-that-object-3g2ridy8.png Figure 13: HOG inversion reveals the world that object detectors see. The left shows a man standing in a dark room. If we compute HOG on this image and invert it, the previously dark scene behind the man emerges. Notice the wall structure, the lamp post, and the chair in the bottom right hand corner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-this-paper-we-present-algorithms-to-visualize-1lih2p8w.png Figure 4: In this paper, we present algorithms to visualize HOG features. Our visualizations are perceptually intuitive for humans to understand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-we-visualize-some-high-scoring-detections-from-the-19zsfzvs.png Figure 3: We visualize some high scoring detections from the deformable parts model [8] for person, chair, and car. Can you guess which are false alarms? Take a minute to study this figure, then see Figure 16 for the corresponding RGB patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-by-instructing-multiple-human-subjects-to-classify-2pvlsc25.png Figure 14: By instructing multiple human subjects to classify the visualizations, we show performance results with an ideal learning algorithm (i.e., humans) on the HOG feature space. Please see text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/holocene-interaction-of-maritime-and-continental-climate-in-4lckppl8a9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dripwater-samples-collected-in-blessberg-cave-for-114tiufu.png Table 1 Dripwater samples collected in Bleßberg Cave for stable isotope analysis. 316 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-230th-u-dating-activity-ratios-are-3mzzj832.png Table 2: Results of the 230Th/U-dating. Activity ratios are indicated by parentheses. 380 https://scispace.com/papers/holographic-capture-and-display-systems-in-circular-4gift2dccd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optical-reconstructions-of-the-holographic-scene-3vcmw899.png Fig. 8. Optical reconstructions of the holographic scene captured with digital holography. (a) Views captured with the asymmetric diffuser and digital camera, (Media 1). (b) Views captured with the eyepiece lens and digital camera (Media 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optical-reconstructions-of-holographic-scene-for-3oduuexg.png Fig. 7. Optical reconstructions of holographic scene for simulated digital holograms. (a) CCD captured real image at 670 mm and (b) and at 700 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/holographic-recording-in-a-photopolymer-by-optically-induced-42lupegmpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-the-maximum-diffraction-efficiency-and-2svyrk81.png Fig. 5. Dependence of the maximum diffraction efficiency and amplification of the recorded holograms in the NQ methyl methacrylate copolymer, after 11 days of baking, on the chromophore concentration. The samples were 0.5 mm thick. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decay-in-hologram-strength-with-exposure-to-2cbtm9ev.png Fig. 6. Decay in hologram strength with exposure to illumination after recording and thermal amplification owing to the detachment of the remaining attached chromophores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-angle-selectivity-measurements-of-holograms-recorded-2tkpkjl5.png Fig. 4. Angle-selectivity measurements of holograms recorded in materials with 0.05% and 0.4% chromophore concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diffraction-efficiency-versus-exposure-energy-for-11-2wu7gsz6.png Fig. 3. Diffraction efficiency versus exposure energy for 11 holograms recorded in a 0.6-mm-thick sample with a chromophore concentration of 0.1% by weight, before and after baking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absorption-spectrum-for-a-0-5-mm-thick-sample-with-a-2bm0b1c1.png Fig. 2. Absorption spectrum for a 0.5-mm-thick sample with a chromophore concentration of 0.1% by weight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-synthesized-monomer-form-of-the-nq-chromophore-b-3dpdoeim.png Fig. 1. (a) Synthesized monomer form of the NQ chromophore. (b) Copolymer of the NQ chromophore with methyl methacrylate and the photochemical reaction that causes detachment from the polymer chain. https://scispace.com/papers/homeostatic-and-non-homeostatic-appetite-control-along-the-5ge9157ha4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-individual-profile-n-70-of-the-components-of-tdee-1pn7bzgt.png Figure 1 Individual profile (n=70) of the components of TDEE including resting metabolic rate 85 (RMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), thermic effect of food (TEF). TDEE is 86 https://scispace.com/papers/homogeneity-of-modifier-ion-distributions-and-the-mixed-52hi64wlnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nearest-neighbour-distances-r-as-a-function-of-x-2riobcfj.png Figure 3: Nearest neighbour distances, R, as a function of x for the xMgO-(50-x)CaO-50SiO2 glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-left-to-right-glass-models-of-xmgo-50-x-cao-2nb67cyd.png Figure 2: From left to right, glass models of xMgO-(50-x)CaO-50SiO2, where x=5, x=25, and x=45. The yellow tetrahedra are silicon atoms; and the red, grey, and green spheres represent oxygen, calcium and magnesium atoms respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coordination-number-values-n-r-based-on-the-cut-off-sxfupfvy.png Figure 4: Coordination number values, N(r), (based on the cut-off distances in table 4) as a function of x for the xMgO(50-x)CaO-50SiO2 glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-nearest-neighbour-distance-r-and-se3n5xhd.png Table 3: Average nearest neighbour distance, R, and coordination number, N(r), values where the standard deviations have been included in the parentheses. The cut-off distances used to identify the coordination numbers are also included. Note, a ‘-‘ indicates that the values of N(r) change significantly with x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-to-the-left-electrical-conductivity-measurements-on-26h765eg.png Figure 1: To the left, electrical conductivity measurements on (KxNa1-x)2Si4O9 glasses [3]. To the right, liquid fragility index values for sodium aluminosilicate glasses [4]. (In each case the dashed line shows a linear trend between endpoint compositions, and the solid line is a cubic fit to the data.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-silicon-network-connectivity-q-n-distributions-2qj9z7rg.png Figure 5: The silicon network connectivity, Q n , distributions in the xMgO-(50-x)CaO-50SiO2 glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-mean-squared-displacement-msd-values-for-1aa6qq79.png Figure 6: The mean squared displacement (MSD) values for magnesium, calcium, oxygen, and silicon ions as a function x for the xMgO-(50-x)CaO-50SiO2 glasses. The magnesium and calcium ion trends have been fitted using cubic functions, whilst the oxygen and silicon ion trends were fitted using linear functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-body-buckingham-interatomic-potential-parameters-32woy1dk.png Table 1: Two-body Buckingham interatomic potential parameters from Teter [9]. https://scispace.com/papers/homotopy-types-of-gauge-groups-related-to-s-3-bundles-over-s-4d6qxt6duy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-homotopy-groups-p6-g-of-simply-connected-simple-2p322igo.png Table 1. Homotopy groups π6(G) of simply connected simple compact Lie groups G. https://scispace.com/papers/hook-line-and-sinker-hook-wire-localization-of-a-retained-4hns8c61eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-supine-axial-ct-image-demonstrates-the-hook-wire-3fn4ge4z.png Figure 2. Supine axial CT image demonstrates the hook wire (arrowhead) adjacent to the retained suture needle (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-supine-axial-ct-image-demonstrates-the-retained-10z6j76m.png Figure 1. Supine axial CT image demonstrates the retained suture needle in the right perineum (arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/homogenization-of-a-spectral-problem-in-neutronic-multigroup-47oyjh6wh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reference-and-reconstructed-rst-eigenvalue-for-a-3bvd3elp.png Table 2: Reference and reconstructed rst eigenvalue for a high contrast cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fast-neutrons-ux-directly-computed-and-gez041bv.png Figure 2: Fast neutrons ux, directly computed and reconstructed for 20 periodicity cells https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-values-used-for-the-simulation-jp53frxy.png Table 1: Numerical values used for the simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermal-neutrons-ux-directly-computed-and-14e70sog.png Figure 3: Thermal neutrons ux, directly computed and reconstructed for 20 periodicity cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-periodicity-cell-structure-2d0w9jov.png Figure 1: periodicity cell structure https://scispace.com/papers/hope-without-consolation-prospects-for-critical-learning-at-282dlqm43p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-detail-from-rebecca-belmore-s-trace-photo-credit-3sfa1j2e.png Figure 6 Detail from Rebecca Belmore's Trace (photo credit: Karen Sharma, reproduced with permission of the artist). https://scispace.com/papers/hopf-bifurcation-of-a-two-degree-of-freedom-vibro-impact-34bhjsnjgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-quasi-periodic-response-of-the-vibro-impact-2ccagnsw.png Figure 11. The quasi-periodic response of the vibro-impact system shown in projected Poincaré sections: mm =4, mk =2, f2 =0, b=1·8, R=0·8, v=0·4917. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-conjugate-pair-of-eigenvalues-intersecting-the-2f9p16dz.png Figure 10. The conjugate pair of eigenvalues intersecting the unit circle; v varies on the interval [0·458, 0·492]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-chaotic-motion-of-the-vibro-impact-system-shown-1jmgs855.png Figure 9. The chaotic motion of the vibro-impact system shown in projected Poincaré sections: mm =2, mk =5, f2 =0, b=1·5, R=0·8, v=0·7555. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-chaotic-motion-of-the-vibro-impact-system-shown-2r992nz2.png Figure 8. The chaotic motion of the vibro-impact system shown in projected Poincaré sections: mm =2, mk =5, f2 =0, b=1·5, R=0·8, v=0·7519. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-quasi-periodic-response-of-the-vibro-impact-1fq31zzb.png Figure 6. The quasi-periodic response of the vibro-impact shown in projected Poincaré sections: mm =2, mk =5, f2 =0, b=1·5, R=0·8, v=0·7369. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-torus-doubling-of-the-vibro-impact-system-shown-3fc2kltr.png Figure 7. The torus doubling of the vibro-impact system shown in projected Poincaré sections: mm =2, mk =5, f2 =0, b=1·5, R=0·8, v=0·744. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-two-degree-of-freedom-impact-15xz35y1.png Figure 1. A schematic of the two-degree-of-freedom impact oscillator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-conjugate-pair-of-eigenvalues-intersecting-the-3cjl7k67.png Figure 4. The conjugate pair of eigenvalues intersecting the unit circle; v varies on the interval [0·7219, 0·7396]. https://scispace.com/papers/horizontal-and-sun-normal-spectral-biologically-effective-hk9edobgj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-uv-and-uvbe-irradiances-for-horizontal-and-1beabgsl.png Table 1 – The UV and UVBE irradiances for horizontal and normal total and diffuse radiation at two solar zenith angles (SZA) on 10 August. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-broadband-and-biologically-effective-exposures-tneiul9s.png Table 3 – The broadband and biologically effective exposures between 08:45 to 10:47 EST and 08:49 to 11:48 EST for the 10 August and 3 September respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-averages-of-the-sun-normal-to-horizontal-ratio-vmh3u9vq.png Table 2 – The averages of the sun normal to horizontal ratio for the total and the diffuse irradiances for UV in the first two rows and UVBE for the remainder. The error is represented as one standard error in the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/hormonal-electrolytic-and-electrocardiographic-evaluations-3wteva2not 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-7-standard-error-of-hematological-hct-and-hb-2wo0do1f.png Table 2 Mean 7 Standard Error of Hematological (Hct and Hb), Biochemical (Glic, Creat, and U https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-7-standard-error-of-clinical-t-1c-and-f-and-e1029yj9.png Table 1 Mean 7 Standard Error of Clinical (T [1C] and f) and Electrocardiographic Parameters (RR, Ps, PmV, P-R, QRSs, RmV, P-T, and Axis) in Bitches With Dystocia or Eutocia at 2 Time Points (M1 and M2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-7-standard-error-of-total-t3-and-p4-1jlho6ax.png Table 3 Mean 7 Standard Error of Total T3 and P4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-7-standard-error-of-total-t4-mg-dl-3ga78tae.png Table 4 Mean 7 Standard Error of Total T4 (mg/dL) https://scispace.com/papers/host-parasite-relations-between-man-and-his-intestinal-19ya317gfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-appendix-colon-and-rectum-of-man-showing-the-regional-30cohzpk.png Fig. 20. Appendix, colon and rectum of man showing the regional distribution of lesions in 63 cases of amoebic dysentery. (After Clark). https://scispace.com/papers/host-preferences-of-telenomus-podisi-hymenoptera-scelionidae-56endvffe1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-egg-size-of-the-stink-bug-hosts-tested-in-the-2mij0f31.png Table 2 Egg size of the stink bug hosts tested in the parasitoid host preference bioassays (Dichelops melacanthus, Euschistus heros, and Podisus nigrispinus) (bioassay 4) and biological characteristics of Telenomus podisi reared on different host eggs (bioassay 5) under controlled environmental conditions (25 ± 2°C, 80 ± 10% RH, and photoperiod of 14/10 h L/D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-eggs-of-the-three-tested-hosts-dichelops-ff416a26.png Table 1 Number of eggs of the three tested hosts [Dichelops melacanthus (D), Euschistus heros (E), and Podisus nigrispinus (P)] parasitized by Telenomus podisi, with the percentage of parasitism on each host for each bioassay given in parentheses. Bioassays were performed under controlled environmental conditions (25 ± 2°C, 80 ± 10% RH, and photoperiod of 14/10 h L/D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arenas-adapted-from-thuler-et-al-2007-used-in-the-3d1kawqq.png Fig 1 Arenas adapted from Thuler et al (2007) used in the parasitoid host preference test. a Arena used to test parasitoid host preference among three-host species. b Arena used to test parasitoid host preference among two-host species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-morphological-characters-mm-of-telenomus-podisi-3d2tvdmv.png Table 3 Morphological characters (mm) of Telenomus podisi reared on different host eggs (bioassay 6) under controlled environmental conditions (25 ± 2°C, 80 ± 10% RH, and photoperiod of 14/10 h L/D). https://scispace.com/papers/hospitalized-covid-19-patients-treated-with-convalescent-uuxbzlqs3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-patients-receiving-covid-19-11ac7xof.png Table 1 Characteristics of patients receiving COVID-19 convalescent plasma at time of transfusiona https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-patients-with-severe-vs-life-1r5bzorn.png Table 2 Characteristics of patients with severe vs. life-threatening disease receiving COVID-19 convalescent plasma at time of transfusiona https://scispace.com/papers/house-prices-and-local-taxes-in-the-uk-4rwuw3d5a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2nyzcli8.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1bm8w7ox.png TABLE 2 continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-12jf9aq2.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3444govw.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-3bvsyt8e.png TABLE A.1 https://scispace.com/papers/households-and-communities-in-the-central-anatolian-4vc455n7pl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-hearths-dots-over-part-of-the-ay10vzuu.png Figure 4 Distribution of hearths (dots) over part of the Aşıklı Höyük settlement. Based on information in Özbaşaran (1998). Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interior-sizes-of-catalhoyuk-rooms-in-m2-by-room-1ksssf2c.png Figure 6 Interior sizes of Çatalhöyük rooms in m2 by room category (n = 383). Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-central-anatolia-showing-the-most-important-3t41b6aj.png Figure 1 Map of central Anatolia showing the most important Neolithic sites; the two main sites discussed in this paper are indicated in bolder letters. Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interior-room-sizes-of-asikli-hoyuk-in-m2-n-129-3eidk6s8.png Figure 3 Interior room sizes of Aşıklı Höyük in m2 (n = 129). Based on measurements of the digitized reproduction of Figure 3 in Esin and Harmankaya (1999). Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plan-of-catalhoyuk-level-vib-as-excavated-in-the-22v6kijz.png Figure 5 Plan of Çatalhöyük level VIB as excavated in the 1960s. Based on figure 2 in Mellaart (1964). Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tentative-distinction-of-clustered-neighbourhoods-7qq4098e.png Figure 2 Tentative distinction of clustered neighbourhoods at Aşıklı Höyük (excavated exposure is larger). Based on figure 3 in Esin and Harmankaya (1999). Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-level-vib-twin-building-at-catalhoyuk-based-on-dgaw1z00.png Figure 7 A level-VIB twin building at Çatalhöyük. Based on figure 1 in Mellaart (1964). Figure prepared by M. Oberendorff. https://scispace.com/papers/households-living-situation-and-the-efficient-provision-of-3awp4hqu5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-the-ec-ciency-results-1sigtzok.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics for the e¢ ciency results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-households-living-1kv40sjo.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics of households living conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-torfbka0.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trends-in-mean-ine-ciency-over-time-2aas5tpg.png Figure 2 : Trends in mean ine ciency over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-inec-ciency-level-in-each-province-35ad60h7.png Figure 1 : Mean ine¢ ciency level in each province https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-second-stage-regressions-1ji68oy5.png Table 4 Second stage regressions https://scispace.com/papers/housing-supply-elasticity-and-growth-evidence-from-italian-54prwtm7jd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictions-of-the-theoretical-model-tqy2xcdr.png Table 1. Predictions of the theoretical model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-jjclqggd.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-housing-supply-elasticity-16tjng67.png Table 4. Determinants of housing supply elasticity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-developable-land-principal-component-analysis-24ksk1pi.png Table 3. Developable land: principal component analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effects-on-wages-25uo72zi.png Table 8. Effects on wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effects-on-employment-rate-f3ry0tgw.png Table 9. Effects on employment rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-on-growth-and-house-prices-within-the-city-39y4q52z.png Table 7. Effects on growth and house prices within the city https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-extent-of-developable-land-and-exposure-to-demand-3v1ihsjg.png Figure 5b. Extent of developable land and exposure to demand shock https://scispace.com/papers/how-are-nh-3-dry-deposition-estimates-affected-by-combining-2yzpm9wp9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-absolute-a-b-and-relative-c-d-differences-in-3ltlzayi.png Figure 15. The absolute (a, b) and relative (c, d) differences in the warm season (April to September) mean NH3 dry deposition in the Netherlands modelled in LOTOS-EUROS and inferred from IASI in 2013 (a, c) and 2014 (b, d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-warm-season-april-september-mean-19738tf6.png Figure 8. Comparison of the warm season (April–September) mean NH3 surface concentration in 2013 (a, b, c, d) and in 2014 (e, f, g, h) from LOTOS-EUROS and derived using IASI. The corresponding warm season mean NH3 surface concentrations measured by the MAN stations are plotted on top of the left figures. The right figures depict the differences between the two. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-warm-season-april-september-mean-1qpy59mp.png Figure 3. Comparison of the warm season (April–September) mean NH3 surface concentrations (µg m−3) from LOTOS-EUROS and derived from IASI and the warm season mean NH3 surface concentrations measured by the EMEP stations in 2013 (a, b, c, d) and 2014 (e, f, g, h). The absolute differences between the two are shown in the right figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-annual-mean-nh3-total-column-concentration-in-2lxu7v7m.png Figure 1. The annual mean NH3 total column concentration in 2013–2014 as observed by IASI-A in Europe (regridded to 0.50◦ longitude by 0.25◦ latitude) and the Netherlands (regridded to 0.125◦ longitude by 0.0625◦ latitude). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relative-error-of-the-annual-iasi-a-retrieved-12kyoj2r.png Figure 2. The relative error of the annual IASI-A retrieved NH3 total column concentrations in Europe and the Netherlands in 2013–2014. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-change-in-the-monthly-mean-iasi-derived-nh3-2soqumby.png Figure 17. The change (%) in the monthly mean IASI-derived NH3 dry deposition flux resulting from different perturbations of the LOTOS-EUROS model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-warm-season-april-to-september-mean-nh3-dry-31axwlmp.png Figure 14. The warm season (April to September) mean NH3 dry deposition in the Netherlands modelled in LOTOS-EUROS (a, c) and inferred from IASI (b, d) in kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2013 (a, b) and 2014 (c, d). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-month-by-month-comparison-of-the-correlation-1bpweq5d.png Table 3. Month-by-month comparison of the correlation coefficient (r), slope and intercept of the monthly mean NH3 surface concentrations of the LML stations (x axis) and the coinciding monthly mean LOTOS-EUROS and IASI-derived NH3 surface concentrations (y axis). The arrows denote which of the two (LOTOS-EUROS or IASI) gives the most desirable value. The arrows are attributed to either LOTOS-EUROS or IASI based on the following criteria: highest r , slope closest to 1, intercept closest to 0 and smallest RMSD. https://scispace.com/papers/how-bilinguals-solve-the-naming-problem-10jeq5xqw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-french-and-dutch-linguistic-categories-for-the-j77eyc01.png Table 3 French and Dutch linguistic categories for the bottles set and the dis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-of-the-exemplars-of-the-bottles-set-used-in-the-3s8bwre4.png Fig. 2. Some of the exemplars of the bottles set used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representations-of-the-predictions-of-the-2iyv1swa.png Fig. 4. Schematic representations of the predictions of the different model or structure used to represent the six correlations between eac pattern of the Dutch-speaking monolinguals, Frenchmonolingual the nam and Frenchbilingual, respectively, the Dutch and French naming patte correlations predicted by the two-pattern hypothesis (B), the strong ver the one-pattern hypothesis (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interaction-effect-between-language-and-linguistic-1knhg0tc.png Fig. 7. Interaction effect between language and linguistic status. Observed pattern of results for the bottles (A), pattern of results predicted by the two-pattern hypothesis (B), pattern of results predicted by the strong version of the one-pattern hypothesis (C) and pattern of results predicted by the weaker version of the one-pattern hypothesis (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-some-of-the-exemplars-of-the-dishes-set-used-in-the-2qlvyzzx.png Fig. 3. Some of the exemplars of the dishes set used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-2-3-factorial-design-with-unequal-cell-frequencies-x94fm56h.png Fig. 6. 2 * 2 * 3-Factorial design with unequal cell frequencies and ( notation ) consists of three indices denoting the three factors of the d (different language)], person [second index with values 1 (same person values 1 (twomonolinguals), 2 (onemonolingual and one bilingual), and the two types of structurally empty cells, described in the article. The last the dishes set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-two-pattern-hypothesis-25zhdiet.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the two-pattern hypothesis (A) and the one-pattern hypothesis (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-a-combination-of-convention-and-pre-yd379tpu.png Fig. 8. Illustration of a combination of convention and pre-emption (A and B) and of chaining (C and D): (A) An object of the dishes set named beker by Dutch-speaking monolinguals with higher average similarity to the tas category and the nearest neighbor being a tas. (B) An object of the dishes set named caquelon by French-speaking monolinguals with higher average similarity to the plat category and the nearest neighbor being a plat. (C) An object of the bottles set, named fles by the Dutch-speaking monolinguals, with higher average similarity to the bus category. (D) An object of the bottles set named spray by French-speaking monolinguals with higher average similarity to the bouteille category. https://scispace.com/papers/how-consistent-are-credit-ratings-a-geographic-and-sectoral-4c7dny5iq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bond-defaults-by-u-s-thrifts-1989-1991-n3n0ir0v.png Table 5 Bond Defaults by U.S. Thrifts (1989-1991) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-recovery-rates-on-defaulted-corporate-bonds-1983-14z69d7d.png Table 6 Recovery Rates on Defaulted Corporate Bonds (1983-1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-one-year-default-rates-by-initial-credit-rating-1983-pid6jxx4.png Table 2 One-Year Default Rates by Initial Credit Rating (1983-1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-fitted-one-year-default-rates-from-probit-3dlsynkc.png Table 4 Average Fitted One-Year Default Rates from Probit Model Estimates 1983-1998 https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-beliefs-about-the-gender-wage-gap-affect-the-demand-2aq1fa00mh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-27y6uwjs.png Table 1: Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-14-propensity-to-sign-a-petition-petition-specific-2q91s0n3.png Figure A.14: Propensity to sign a petition: Petition-specific proportion tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-matrix-question-in-follow-up-survey-2d4jcv3d.png Figure A.4: Matrix question in follow-up survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-welcome-page-of-follow-up-survey-b3hvzvuq.png Figure A.3: Welcome page of follow-up survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-of-main-survey-and-follow-up-survey-1ws39u0q.png Figure 1: Outline of main survey and follow-up survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-treatment-effect-on-mean-posterior-beliefs-about-3r4p47zp.png Figure 2: Treatment effect on mean posterior beliefs about the GWG Notes: Data base: Treatment groups, both survey waves. Posterior beliefs range between 0 and 200. The relevant wage statistic for the posterior belief differs in one element compared to the baseline statistic used in the prior belief elicitation. The variations are i) age group 25 (N=670, wave A), ii) High school degree (N=676, wave A), iii) working in the same occupation group (N=657, wave A), iv) parent (N=496, wave B), v) working in the same job for the same company (N=523, wave B, not incentivized). Whiskers show 95% confidence bands from regressions of posterior beliefs on the indicator for T 94. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlates-of-prior-beliefs-about-gender-differences-2ebjpq9m.png Table 2: Correlates of prior beliefs about gender differences in wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-6-treatment-effect-on-behavioral-outcome-measures-3tfaj3sb.png Table D.6: Treatment effect on behavioral outcome measures https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-dual-long-acting-bronchodilators-prevent-twtadw6kul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-symptom-improvement-in-3nwglunh.png Figure 4. Schematic representation of symptom improvement in an individual patient by treatment interventions during the course of a single exacerbation: (A) a small https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-effects-of-the-lama-tiotropium-the-laba-15hfkkea.png Figure 5. A. Effects of the LAMA tiotropium, the LABA olodaterol, and their combination on neutrophil adhesion stimulated by sputum supernatants from patients with COPD. B. Expression of MAC-1 adhesion protein by neutrophils in induced sputum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-of-mechanical-effects-of-copd-2lxm06yp.png Figure 2. A. Schematic of mechanical effects of COPD exacerbation. Representative https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-experienced-traders-respond-to-inflows-of-nqbppg4vmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-empirical-cumulative-distribution-of-pl1e5c-1iipwthb.png Figure 8: TOP: Empirical cumulative distribution of ∆PL1E5C (left) and ∆PL1E6H (right). BOTTOM: Scatter plot of PLi∈z3 (x-axis) vs. PL 1Ez https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cdf-of-pl-for-inexperienced-subjects-solid-line-and-ky3xxtb7.png Figure 9: CDF of PL for inexperienced subjects (solid line) and experienced subjects (dashed line) in round 1 (left), round 2 (middle), and round 3 (right) of 1E5C (top) and 1E6H (bottom). P -values were computed by using within-group averages for inexperienced subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-cumulative-distribution-of-rafdz11-thin-1797nej0.png Figure 1: Empirical cumulative distribution of RAFDz1,1 (thin black line, first period of the first round) and RAFDz1,3 (blue dashed line, first period of the third round) in 1H5C (left) and 6H (right) for those subjects recruited as experienced traders in the 1EH5H experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-rafd11-in-the-first-period-of-the-3j5x2dbm.png Figure 5: Distribution of RAFD1,1 (in the first period of the first round) for inexperienced subjects in 1E5C (dashed blue line), 1E6H (solid red line), and 6H (thin black line). The numbers of subjects are: 80, 75, and 120 in 1E6H , 1E5C , and 6H, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-forecast-only-sessions-date-treatment-no-2g3q26zg.png Table 2: Summary of forecast-only sessions. Date Treatment No. of subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-rafd11-for-inexperienced-subjects-1jzn3spe.png Figure 6: Distribution of RAFD1,1 for inexperienced subjects (solid line) and experienced subjects (dashed line) in round 1 of 1E5C (middle) and 1E6H (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-distribution-of-rafd-for-subjects-with-crts-1-3vqblbkq.png Figure 13: Distribution of ∆RAFD for subjects with CRTS ≤ 1 (thick solid red line), CRTS = 2 (thin black line), CRTS = 3 (thick dashed blue line) for experienced subjects in FO5C and 1E5C (left) and FO6H and 1E6H (right). P -values are obtained by Kruskal-Wallis tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-initial-price-forecasts-in-round-1-period-1-3krixb7i.png Figure 3: Initial price forecasts (in round 1, period 1) submitted by experienced subjects in 1E5C (left) and 1E6H (right). https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-german-smes-cope-with-the-increasing-need-for-14n1i3xxg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-goals-concerning-flexibility-mentioned-by-the-ceos-n-1co16qgn.png Table 4: Goals concerning flexibility mentioned by the CEOs. N 48 CEOs; 72 goals 100% . https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-obstacles-to-flexibilisation-mentioned-by-the-ceos-11pva498.png Table 8: Obstacles to flexibilisation mentioned by the CEOs. The percentages show the share of implemented measures n 511 in which the obstacles were perceived by the CEOs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-and-goals-concerning-flexibility-1r85muks.png Table 1: Types and goals concerning flexibility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-measures-to-increase-flexibility-2ofid0v4.png Table 6:Distribution of measures to increase flexibility reported in the interview.N 48 CEOs; 511 overall mentions, percentages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-differences-in-the-number-of-implemented-measures-to-3rml69m2.png Table 7: Differences in the number of implemented measures to increase flexibility between companies of different size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measures-which-at-least-20-of-the-interviewed-ceos-3kxdyla5.png Table 5: Measures, which at least 20% of the interviewed CEOs rated as “unknown” as well as the corresponding differences regarding company size and sector. ∗P ≤ .05. All information is given in %. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potential-measures-to-increase-flexibility-according-27dc28kt.png Table 2: Potential measures to increase flexibility according to Debitz et al. 22 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-samples-of-enterprises-first-interviews-t1-second-ym2toi7h.png Table 3: Samples of enterprises: first interviews t1 ; second interviews t2 . https://scispace.com/papers/how-does-income-inequality-affect-market-outcomes-in-3egr8bv4gb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-density-functions-of-consumer-incomes-14jbjp4s.png Figure 3. Probability density functions of consumer incomes in Economies 1 through 4 and market shares of firms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibria-in-stage-2-of-the-game-n-3-3b8e9v2b.png Figure 1: Equilibria in stage 2 of the game, N = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-the-model-with-no-costs-3al68b7q.png Figure 2: Results of the model with no costs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-additional-results-market-shares-profits-and-market-xkef4jum.png Figure 4: Additional results: market shares, profits, and market coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-additional-results-concentration-and-consumer-5n9ytuzt.png Figure 5: Additional results: concentration and consumer welfare https://scispace.com/papers/how-exercise-and-dietary-intervention-affect-the-outcome-of-4742xav9rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diagnostic-criteria-of-oso-syndrome-based-on-bone-2dg64o8z.png Table 2. Diagnostic criteria of OSO syndrome based on bone density and body composition. https://scispace.com/papers/how-good-are-the-design-tools-in-power-electronics-31v54lhhsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-photograph-of-the-custom-power-module-with-the-2ofvntfe.png Figure 3: (a) Photograph of the custom power module with the output stage of the gate driver mounted. Length/width of the power module: 152/62 mm. (b) CAD view of the internal interconnects of the power module (top) and layout of the ceramic substrates (where the MOSFETs are located in close proximity with the diode of the opposite switch). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-cad-view-of-the-complete-converter-without-cables-1or7fdju.png Figure 4: (a): CAD view of the complete converter (without cables). (b): Time-domain simulation result for the turn-off (V = 1000 V ; I = 300 A ; di/dt = -10 kA/us), including the modelling of the interconnects (especially the inductive behaviour), in a double-pulse configuration (hard switching). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-comparison-between-the-switching-losses-estimated-3sj3uuwy.png Figure 8: (a): Comparison between the switching losses estimated from the manufacturer’s datasheet and from the double-pulse test, for 5 1700 V-SiC MOSFETs and a dc voltage of 1200 V. (b): comparison between the global efficiency as forecast initially, after refinement of the design and the models, and eventually measured. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-photograph-of-the-final-converter-total-3g7lrcvd.png Figure 9: (a): Photograph of the final converter. Total dimensions are 43×46×71 cm3 (140 L). (b): Waveforms measured on the converter in operation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-list-of-specifications-and-arbitrary-design-1ro0fxkj.png Figure 1: (a): List of specifications and arbitrary design choices used as an input to the design process. (b): Circuit diagram of the chosen converter topology: a Dual Active Bridge (DAB). The transformer has an input/output ratio of 2. The input and output capacitors are not depicted here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-architecture-of-the-control-conf-1-is-used-for-high-1pwgk0lw.png Figure 5: Architecture of the control. Conf. 1 is used for high level simulations. Conf. 2 simulates the operation of the FPGA, so it is complex and only short periods of time can be simulated (100 ms max.). Conf. 3 runs on the RCP platform connected to converter hardware in real-time (the indicated times correspond to the recurrence period of each task). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-outcome-of-the-pre-design-stage-1up0wesq.png Table I: Outcome of the pre-design stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-evolution-of-the-ac-resistance-relative-to-the-dc-2w4samf5.png Figure 6: (a):Evolution of the ac resistance (relative to the dc resistance), as forecast by various analytical models, by FEM simulation, and as measured. (b): Equivalent model of the medium frequency transformer identified from measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/how-have-inflation-dynamics-changed-over-time-evidence-from-2ewhprhrvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phillips-curve-estimates-for-the-euro-area-and-6we4u7oy.png Table 1. Phillips curve estimates for the euro area and United States. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-basic-statistics-for-phillips-curve-variables-cy9zlz16.png Table A.1. Basic statistics for Phillips curve variables. https://scispace.com/papers/how-important-is-cognitive-ability-when-adapting-to-changes-3rkxdmeygr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-violin-plot-that-illustrates-the-distribution-of-vi1ddlbu.png Figure 1. Violin plot that illustrates the distribution of individual effect sizes for the relationship between cognitive abilities and performance adaptation. The distributions are shown separately for the two assessment methods of performance adaptation (subjective ratings vs objective scores). The point in the middle corresponds to the median value. In general, the reported relationship was stronger when objective performance adaptation scores were used. https://scispace.com/papers/how-important-is-scientific-software-in-bioinformatics-2eraqy6ldc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-use-of-software-in-chinese-and-international-1rv847a2.png Figure 2. Use of software in Chinese and international articles, including trend lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-software-programs-appearing-during-the-period-3cmtpvny.png Figure 1. New software programs appearing during the period 2005-2014. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direct-and-indirect-citation-behavior-related-to-ea5vz6ws.png Table 4. Direct and indirect citation behavior related to software packages https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-9osgk1x7.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/how-liberal-is-nepal-s-liberal-grade-promotion-policy-18f9r39kel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pass-rate-in-control-schools-2kemsmdl.png Table 3: Pass rate in control schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differential-improvement-by-baseline-performance-oh3c8ozx.png Table 4: Differential improvement by baseline performance level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-3ildb0w2.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-scores-in-the-1st-and-2nd-trimester-17d02r69.png Figure 1: Histogram of scores in the 1st and 2nd trimester exams and the year-end exam https://scispace.com/papers/how-many-alternative-eggs-should-you-put-in-your-investment-5crcp1nvem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-set-of-alternative-indices-18laezgc.png Table 1: Set of alternative indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-fyp65k4b.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/how-many-words-do-you-need-to-speak-arabic-an-arabic-2er5hxi1wn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-paired-sample-statistics-of-the-arabic-lex-test-3lu52by0.png Table 3. Paired sample statistics of the Arabic-Lex test scores https://scispace.com/papers/how-much-do-public-schools-really-cost-estimating-the-3vi1ivy52f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-two-contiguous-high-school-attendance-39oxvtvd.png Figure 1: An Example of Two Contiguous High School Attendance Zones https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tuition-and-median-test-scores-in-non-government-33wxldpc.png Figure 3: Tuition and Median Test Scores in Non-Government Schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-1pm2cdvo.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-estimating-the-effect-of-school-quality-on-3ssrvxle.png Table 1: Studies Estimating the Effect of School Quality on House Prices Measured as the effect of a 1 standard deviation increase on house prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-does-the-effect-of-school-quality-differ-by-house-3fno9eun.png Table 5: Does the Effect of School Quality Differ By House Size? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-all-high-school-attendance-zones-in-the-act-gw04gtj9.png Figure 2: All High School Attendance Zones in the ACT https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-checks-5fxzuxvy.png Table 4: Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-results-19h1c44q.png Table 3: Main Results https://scispace.com/papers/how-mda-can-help-designing-component-and-aspect-based-3cr8gkvo5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-transformed-diagram-zdexg5ct.png Figure 8. Transformed Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-metamodel-of-cam-321brcc9.png Figure 5. Metamodel of CAM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-uml-profile-of-the-daop-platform-2u4mywaa.png Figure 1. Original UML profile of the DAOP platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marked-c-m-1vh8jhfy.png Figure 6. Marked C-M https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-marked-c-m-collaboration-diagram-7bgxhysw.png Figure 7. Marked C-M Collaboration Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-two-other-alternatives-for-implementing-the-system-8vu5apn3.png Figure 10. Two other alternatives for implementing the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-metamodel-of-daop-39t8mddj.png Figure 9. Metamodel of DAOP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-stack-with-the-different-models-and-the-mda-1u9x2k0q.png Figure 3. The stack with the different models and the MDA transformations between them. https://scispace.com/papers/how-much-is-enough-in-a-perfect-world-cultural-variation-in-22hvztljc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-data-across-nations-for-each-study-zvhj61ov.png Table 1. Summary data across nations for each study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-study-2-mean-ratings-of-the-closed-response-items-hurt633v.png Figure 3. Study 2: Mean ratings of the closed-response items relating to ideals for the self. 100 represents the maximum amount of the attribute. Scores are adjusted means after controlling for demographics. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-1-ratings-of-the-open-ended-items-relating-to-24edxe3v.png Figure 2. Study 1: Ratings of the open-ended items relating to ideals for the self. IQ scores are adjusted means after controlling for demographics. Error bars on IQ represent standard error of the mean. Longevity scores are medians. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-1-mean-ratings-of-the-closed-response-items-1a6ofd4s.png Figure 1. Study 1: Mean ratings of the closed-response items relating to ideals for the self. 100 represents the maximum amount of the attribute. Scores are adjusted means after controlling for demographics. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/how-pedophilic-men-think-about-adult-child-sex-effects-of-2j2an2n51a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-immoral-sex-and-representativeness-beliefs-depending-1pr1nigd.png Table 4. Immoral sex and representativeness beliefs depending on gender and maturity, controlling for potential confounding variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-matrix-3r7u0v2k.png Table 3. Pearson correlation matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-immoral-sex-and-representativeness-beliefs-depending-1ngtvarn.png Table 2. Immoral sex and representativeness beliefs depending on gender and maturity, including analysis of variance test statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-the-dependent-17hhhf7c.png Table 1. Means and standard deviations for the dependent variables. https://scispace.com/papers/how-responsible-is-a-region-for-its-carbon-emissions-an-1hji6uq6bv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-additional-co2-as-carbon-embodied-in-welsh-trade-2wdqpk1r.png Figure 1. Additional CO2 (as carbon) embodied in Welsh trade flows as a result of a £90million (3.7%) increase in export demand to the Welsh Metal Manufacturing sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impacts-of-a-ps90million-increase-in-export-demand-cndxiktp.png Table 1. Impacts of a £90million increase in export demand to the Welsh Metal Manufacturing sector https://scispace.com/papers/how-s-your-government-international-evidence-linking-good-1i57js4e8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-overview-of-potential-biases-3d988riz.png Figure 1: An overview of potential biases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-before-the-final-gss-equation-in-table-1-the-1hr087va.png Table 2: Before the final GSS equation in Table 1 The difference between the two columns is the addition of mastery scale in the second column When the domain satisfaction variables are then added, we get the final GSS equation shown in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparing-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-job-2zanfr27.png Table 6: Comparing Direct and Indirect Effects of Job Characteristics; ESC https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-redo-table-1-s-gss-regression-excluding-respondents-2h02nzkt.png Table 7: Redo Table 1's GSS regression, excluding respondents whose answer to satisfaction questions has little variation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-compensating-differentials-for-workplace-trust-gss-2ixfvif6.png Table 5: Compensating Differentials for Workplace Trust; GSS, EDS, and ESC https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-compensating-differentials-and-their-106zv0x3.png Table 4: Estimated Compensating Differentials and their Standard Errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preferred-well-being-equations-in-esc-and-gss-23mwob81.png Table 1: Preferred Well-Being Equations in ESC and GSS, Estimated with Survey Ordered Probit https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-job-satisfaction-equations-of-esc-and-gss-with-and-2tsh8mzc.png Table 3: Job Satisfaction Equations of ESC and GSS with and without mastery scale Survey Ordered Probit https://scispace.com/papers/how-tactile-sensors-should-be-5g4fk0ofde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reflection-type-tactile-sensor-saga-et-al-2007-3ugw5j0g.png Fig. 8. Reflection type tactile sensor (Saga, et al. 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ideal-tactile-sensor-display-3tazh0bx.png Fig. 13. Ideal tactile sensor/display? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-skin-adapted-from-kandel-et-al-2000-2pjkugx5.png Fig. 1. Structure of skin (adapted from Kandel, et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensor-display-of-smarttools-1ut6vtbn.png Fig. 11. Sensor & display of SmartTools https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-responsibility-of-each-receptors-adapted-from-freeman-ej8g93a6.png Fig. 2. Responsibility of each receptors (adapted from Freeman & Johnson, 1982) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-loop-with-smarttool-for-human-sensation-and-display-35znry1x.png Fig. 10. Loop with SmartTool: For human sensation and display is the same point https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-loop-with-ordinal-tool-for-human-sensation-and-display-27wiyjbp.png Fig. 9. Loop with ordinal tool: For human sensation and display is not the same point https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-with-without-the-distribution-information-2-if-he-3jv04t9v.png Fig. 6. With/without the distribution information (2): If he didn‘t acquire the position information, he cannot distinguish which movement occors. https://scispace.com/papers/how-time-shapes-crime-the-temporal-impacts-of-football-25fld10wvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-main-descriptive-statistics-of-the-crime-3qvwr8vn.png Table 2 shows the main descriptive statistics of the crime types used in this study. It is evident that property crimes are much more common than other types of crime. The most common offence committed in the city of Barcelona is that of Thefts, primarily pick pocketing, with a daily average of 306.79 recoded instances (nearly ten times greater than Robberies and Criminal damage). Fewer crimes against the person are recorded, although the figures for Gender violence are worrying given their implications. Finally, Driving crimes are the most common crime type among those directly recorded by police officers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-psychological-effects-of-a-fcb-defeat-rqw6dhp1.png Table 8: Psychological effects of a FCB defeat. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-number-of-crimes-by-different-time-3dzidh8e.png Table 2 shows the main descriptive statistics of the crime types used in this study. It is evident that property crimes are much more common than other types of crime. The most common offence committed in the city of Barcelona is that of Thefts, primarily pick pocketing, with a daily average of 306.79 recoded instances (nearly ten times greater than Robberies and Criminal damage). Fewer crimes against the person are recorded, although the figures for Gender violence are worrying given their implications. Finally, Driving crimes are the most common crime type among those directly recorded by police officers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-control-variables-x9t1qkzl.png Table 6: Control variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fcb-home-matches-attendance-and-crime-in-the-city-at-3vszcoox.png Table 5: FCB home matches attendance and crime in the city at time of the match. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hours-prior-to-and-after-fcb-home-matches-panel-4a-2snayrft.png Figure 4: Hours prior to and after FCB home matches. Panel 4a: Robberies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hourly-crime-evolution-panel-3a-robberies-3hbdbrx1.png Figure 3: Hourly crime evolution. Panel 3a: Robberies https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fcb-away-matches-and-crime-in-the-city-during-the-36xe1tfa.png Table 7: FCB away matches and crime in the city during the game. https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-automatically-identify-major-research-sponsors-4ebp432wwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-directional-measures-2doxqkwk.png Table 6. Directional Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chi-square-tests-6u7j3fxz.png Table 4. Chi-Square Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-s-rho-correlation-between-articles-by-kjz1cnav.png Table 2. Spearman's rho correlation between articles by reviewed funder (ArtR) and articles by automatically identified funder (ArtA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-reviewed-funders-with-their-percentages-of-wyq8vb02.png Table 1. Major reviewed funders with their percentages of research supported (>=1%) and the share of them that can be automatically detected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measures-of-recall-by-institutional-sector-and-area-1ut6gv8s.png Figure 1. Measures of recall by institutional sector and area https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-tabulation-between-percentages-of-articles-by-24hl13kd.png Table 3. Cross-tabulation between percentages of articles by reviewed institutional sector (SectorR) and by automatically identified institutional sector (SectorA), and total percentages of articles by SectorR https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-symmetric-measures-wtaf4dk0.png Table 5. Symmetric Measures https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-fool-a-black-box-machine-learning-based-side-channel-1dukc5t6sb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cheating-labels-general-principle-3qbfj0u1.png Fig. 4: Cheating labels (general principle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-machine-learning-in-security-examples-29k86bm9.png Fig. 1: Machine learning (in)security examples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-analyses-i-3cyed04r.png Fig. 5: Simulated analyses (I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-analyses-ii-2wz4kdvd.png Fig. 6: Simulated analyses (II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-perceptron-and-mlp-architecture-1kvfs62k.png Fig. 2: Perceptron and MLP architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-real-measurements-2wm4ia73.png Fig. 7: Real measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decision-tree-1v75it8b.png Fig. 3: Decision tree. https://scispace.com/papers/how-transposons-drive-evolution-of-virulence-in-a-fungal-2t1e6ls4r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-details-of-the-ave1-locus-in-v-dahliae-strain-jr2-a-2rkwx8fu.png Figure 4. Details of the Ave1 locus in V. dahliae strain JR2. (A) Genome assemblies of race 1 and race 2 V. dahliae strains were aligned to the reference genome assembly of V. dahliae strain JR2. The red arrow indicates the location of the Ave1 gene. (B) Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density (mean number of SNPs per 1 kb) over the Ave1 locus indicates depletion of SNPs in the Ave1 region when compared with neighboring regions. (C) A large genomic region on Chromosome 5 of V. dahliae strain JR2 containing theAve1gene is characterizedbypresence/absencepolymorphismsbetween strains. Lines indicate the corrected average read depth (per 5-kb window, 500-bp slide) of paired-end reads derived fromgenomic sequencing of 11 V. dahliae strains. Different colors indicate distinct patterns of coverage across theAve1 locus. Genes (Ave1 ismarked in red) and transposable elements/repeats (excluding simple repeats) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extensive-rearrangements-in-verticillium-dahliae-1sxqdvtb.png Figure 1. Extensive rearrangements in Verticillium dahliae genomes are mediated by repetitive elements. (A) Syntenic regions, indicated by ribbons, between chromosomes of the two highly similar V. dahliae strains JR2 (chromosomes displayed in white) and VdLs17 (chromosomes displayed in gray) reveal multiple synteny breakpoints caused by inter-chromosomal rearrangements, highlighted by red arrows for the JR2 genome. Red bars on the chromosomes indicate lineage-specific genomic regions (LS) that lack synteny in the other strain. To facilitate visibility, some chromosomes of V. dahliae strain VdLs17 have been reversed and complemented (indicated by asterisks). (B) Detailed view of the genomic regions surrounding selected synteny breakpoints. Rearrangements over short homologous regions such as repetitive elements (black boxes) or genes (colored boxes) resulted in inter-chromosomal rearrangements (translocations). V. dahliae strain VdLs17 genes were inferred by mapping of the V. dahliae strain JR2 genes to the genome assembly of V. dahliae strain VdLs17. Dashed gray lines indicate rearrangement sites. The numbers correspond to rearrangement numbers in A and Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamics-of-transposable-elements-in-the-genome-of-24w7an7z.png Figure 5. Dynamics of transposable elements in the genome of Verticillium dahliae strain JR2. (A) The divergence time of transposable elements identified in the genome of V. dahliae strain JR2 (Faino et al. 2015) was estimated using the Jukes-Cantor distance calculated between repeat copies and their consensus sequence. The distributions of divergence times between transposable elements located in the core genome (red) and in the LS regions (blue) differ. Estimations of speciation events in the evolutionary history of V. dahliae are indicated by triangles based on analyses in C. (B) The distributions of divergence times between expressed/active (log10[RPKM+1] >0) transposable elements (red) and nonexpressed (blue) transposable elements differ. Estimations of speciation events are indicated by triangles. (C) Speciation events are estimated by calculating the Jukes-Cantor distance for orthologous gene pairs based on genes from V. dahliae strains JR2 and their respective orthologs in the other genomes. Distributions and median divergence times between 1:1:1 orthologous pairs, displayed by box plots, were used to estimate relative speciation events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-whole-genome-alignments-of-verticillium-dahliae-3pxzx84d.png Figure 2. Whole-genome alignments of Verticillium dahliae strain JR2 reveals two duplication events. (A) Circos diagram illustrating sequence alignments within V. dahliae strain JR2. Black lines indicate genomic regions with sequence similarity. The inner circle shows LS regions (red lines), themiddle circle indicates clusters of LS regions, and the outer circle shows the identity between pairs of secondary alignments. Each cluster of LS region is color coded: LS1 in blue, LS2 in yellow, LS3 in magenta, and LS4 in light blue (see Supplemental Table S2). (B) Ks distribution of paralogs of which both genes are located in the core genome (red) or at least one paralog is located in an LS region (blue). (C ) Duplication events are estimated by calculating the Ks value for paralogous gene pairs and displayed in the line graph. Speciation events are estimated by calculating the Ks value for orthologous gene pairs based on genes from V. dahliae strains JR2 and their respective orthologs in the other genomes and displayed in the box plot. Distributions and median divergence times between 1:1:1 orthologous pairs, displayed by box plots, were used to estimate relative speciation events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-gene-losses-after-segmental-duplications-d3l7bym2.png Figure 3. Example of gene losses after segmental duplications within the V. dahliae strain JR2 genome. Example of a segmental duplication between LS regions located on Chromosome 2. Red ribbons indicate regions of homology between the two loci. Blue arrows indicate gene models present only at one of the two loci, whereas green and red arrows indicate common genes and transposable elements, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-pare-a-pair-topology-control-and-pruning-in-3ulvj24ths 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-estimated-interaction-parameters-for-sinusoidal-1qk645m9.png FIG. 10. Estimated interaction parameters for sinusoidal networks indicate fluctuation-dominated nullity state for either coupling interaction: Parameter distributions for the sinusoidal system near the central vein (ROI setting is R = 397 μm, δ = 30 μm) for different coupling exponents ε representing (a) attractive coupling and (b) repulsive coupling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-high-accuracy-extraction-of-interaction-parameters-is-3ijmbuew.png FIG. 9. High-accuracy extraction of interaction parameters is feasible for ideal Kirchhoff networks based on Eq. (35): Shown here is a test of coupled ideal Kirchhoff networks, the system was initialized symmetrically with coupling λ1 = 104, volume penalty λ2 = 106, and fluctuation λ3 = 102 for the repulsive case ε = −1 and different sink-source landscapes. Histograms and fits N (μ, σ ) presenting the estimated simulation parameters λi. (a) Single-source and multisink system. (b) Multisource and multisink system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-scheme-of-identifying-different-flow-combinations-at-186kyh4t.png FIG. 14. Scheme of identifying different flow combinations at a sink determining the respective sign of ve, here shown for Ybranching point. Let us identify the sink as i = 0 and the respective flow carrying edges as e ∈ {1, 2, 3} and define an incidence triplet = ( 01, 02, 03). Reading from left to right, we have in the top diagram = (1,−1,−1), = (1, 1,−1); middle diagram = (1,−1, 1), = (1, 1, 1), = (−1, 1,−1); bottom diagram = (−1,−1, 1), = (−1, 1, 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-nullity-transitions-for-attractively-coupled-networks-1xy23wgk.png FIG. 12. Nullity transitions for attractively coupled networks (ε = 3): Slightly asymmetric coupling λ1 induced nullity onset and fluctuation λ3 induced nullity transition for [(a), (b)] network 1 and [(c), (d)] network 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-shift-of-onset-and-saturation-points-of-the-1ae356vl.png FIG. 13. Shift of onset and saturation points of the fluctuation λ3 induced nullity transitions for networks 1 and 2 [(a), (b)] for repulsive coupling, here displayed for negative coupling exponent ε = −1. [(c), (d)] Shift of onset and saturation points of the attractive coupling λ1 induced nullity transitions shift for varying fluctuation λ3, here displayed for positive coupling exponent ε = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nullity-state-diagram-and-transition-trajectories-37ao4269.png FIG. 3. Nullity state diagram and transition trajectories indicate fluctuation λ3 induced nullity transition to be independent of volume penalty λ2: [(a), (b)] Uncoupled adapting networks display continuous, logarithmic λ2-independent nullity transitions in uncoupled system. Further shown are the stationary network configurations for λ2 = 1 with (c) λ3 = 10−1 and (d) λ3 = 102. The edge thickness is representative for the relative tube radius ρ. Sinks are marked as blue dots, with the source as a large red circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-falsification-of-murrays-law-for-2qy81nwn.png FIG. 8. Experimental falsification of Murray’s law for capillary vessels in liver lobuli: Exponent distributions found for (33) and respective log-normal fits. The distributions modes are used to estimate the exponents α. Sinusoidal systems (basal marker) with mode α = eμ−σ 2 ≈ 3.75 and bile canaliculi systems (cd13 marker) with mode α = eμ−σ 2 ≈ 3.33. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-nullity-transitions-for-repulsively-coupled-networks-28fdhz8y.png FIG. 11. Nullity transitions for repulsively coupled networks (ε = −1): Symmetric fluctuation λ3 induced nullity onset and coupling λ1 induced nullity breakdown for [(a), (b)] network 1 and [(c), (d)] network 2. https://scispace.com/papers/hplc-and-mass-spectrometry-analysis-of-dolichol-phosphates-e1bw6z8xut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-decay-ion-series-resulting-from-the-3oabzh4k.png Table 2. Major decay ion series resulting from the fragmentation of C80-polyprenol-P https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-decay-ion-series-resulting-from-the-1kgbfx34.png Table 1. Major decay ion series resulting from the fragmentation of C95-Dol-P https://scispace.com/papers/human-capital-and-the-changing-structure-of-the-indian-1i2xuycszt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-factor-intensity-ratios-3o0ujwsp.png Table 7: Factor intensity ratios (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-human-capital-on-gdp-manufacturing-and-3nj6r8y1.png Table 5: Effect of human capital on GDP, manufacturing and agriculture https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-human-capital-on-the-aggregate-service-35uzqcca.png Table 4: Effect of human capital on the aggregate service sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-disaggregate-level-results-long-run-sample-236-1uwmmx5e.png Table 9: Disaggregate level results – Long run (Sample=236) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-disaggregate-level-results-14bp9uxt.png Table 8: Disaggregate level results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-by-states-24u0ijdj.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics by States https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-all-states-and-years-1btet0tn.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics - All states and years* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lv7d8cq6.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/human-dental-pulp-stem-cells-grown-in-neurogenic-media-11upzzxsw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-human-dpscs-are-able-to-commit-toward-3aywe0is.png FIGURE 6 | Human DPSCs are able to commit toward differentiation to neuronal-like and glial-like lineages. One week of culture of both human DPSCs and murine (control) NSCs in Neurocult differentiation media is sufficient to induce them express markers for (A) neuronal lineage differentiation: doublecortin (DCX) and NeuN staining, for immature and mature neurons, respectively, and (C) Astroglial lineage differentiation: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100β immunostaining, for immature and mature astrocytes, respectively. (B,D) Graphs showing quantifications (mean ± SEM, n = 360 cells) of three independent experiments. (E) After 1 week of growth in neural differentiation conditions, both NSCs and DPSCs still express VEGF but downregulate CD31. (F) Quantification of the proportion of CD31 positive cells (n = 571). (G) Control with no 1ary antibodies. Scale bar 20 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/hubble-space-telescope-combined-strong-and-weak-lensing-23581wsaia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-analysis-results-plh55yiz.png Table 1 Summary of Analysis Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-projected-surface-mass-density-k-map-from-our-ltm-1kqemj94.png Figure 3. Projected surface mass density (κ) map from our LTM (left) and PIEMDeNFW (right) models for MACS 1931. Note the difference in ellipticity despite the similarity of the critical curves seen in Figure 1. For similar maps of all other 24 CLASH clusters, see the online, extended version of this figure. These κ maps are scaled to a fiducial redshift corresponding to dls/ds = 1, as was adopted for the CLASH and HFF mass model releases online. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stacked-mass-density-profile-the-plot-shows-the-3brou9bj.png Figure 7. Stacked mass–density profile. The plot shows the projected, radially averaged mass density in g/cm2 as a function of radius from the center in physical units (kpc), averaged over the 23 clusters that were modeled with both parameterizations. The red plot shows the stacked LTM profile, the blue plot shows the stacked PIEMDeNFW profile, and the black lines represent the combined stacked profile and 68.3% confidence intervals. As can be seen, the LTM profile is systematically shallower than the PIEMDeNFW profile. For more details, see Section 5.1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resulting-2d-integrated-mass-profile-as-a-function-21mdoehi.png Figure 2. Resulting 2D-integrated mass profile as a function of radius for an example cluster from our sample (MACS 1931; seen in Figure 1), from both the LTM and PIEMDeNFW models (see Section 3). Similarly, profiles for all other 24 CLASH clusters are shown in Figure 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-systematic-differences-relative-to-the-ltm-model-of-3qrr213y.png Figure 6. Systematic differences, relative to the LTM model, of the magnification (top row), surface density (second row), shear (third row), and reduced shear (bottom row), as a function of the radius from the center, in units of Einstein radius (left), and as a function of the respective best-fit values of these quantities (right). The plots are obtained by (median-) stacking the 23 clusters that have models in both parameterizations, and the shaded area represents the 1σ confidence limit (following the scatter in each bin). The top row shows that the radially averaged, systematic magnification difference decreases with radius from the center and that this difference increases rapidly with magnification value so that larger magnifications have larger relative errors. The second row shows that the radially averaged surface density difference, as expected, is minimal, at about half the Einstein radius, where kappa is close to unity. The third row shows that the mean difference in the bin-averaged shear as a function of radius is roughly constant throughout most of the range and is significantly smaller than the error on kappa (although it can be higher for shear values close to zero or one). This is an important point: the major factor causing differences between the two models is the overall ellipticity that is being in one case assigned directly to the mass distribution and in the other case implemented as an external shear not affecting the mass-distribution shape. This may create a prominent difference in the kappa maps, yet does not affect the shear (that can be similar whether it stems from the mass-distribution ellipticity or is directly the external shear) to a distinguishable extent. The bottom row shows, for completeness, the radially averaged differences in the reduced shear. Here the behavior is similar to that of the shear, with a “bump” where kappa is roughly unity, boosting the reduced shear. Overall, it is evident from these figures and from our analysis that the two parameterizations cannot be easily distinguished with the strong and weak lensing data used. Additional information, e.g., on the magnification, might come in handy to break this inherent degeneracy in the origin of ellipticity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-including-the-wl-data-in-addition-to-the-3rrk0ddb.png Figure 8. Effect of including the WL data, in addition to the SL data, on the resulting mass–density profile of one example cluster (MS2137), in both parameterizations. While the inclusion of HST WL here only mildly affects the PIEMDeNFW profile compared to its SL-only profile, it significantly affects the more free-form, LTM profile, improving it by about a factor of two in the outer radii (see Section 5.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histograms-of-the-absolute-left-and-relative-right-48qu3zzn.png Figure 5. Histograms of the absolute (left) and relative (right) differences in the surface mass density κ (upper panel) and the magnification μ (lower panel) between the two methods we employed here, reflecting the systematics differences between them. For details, see Section 5.1.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiple-images-and-candidates-the-latter-are-18a98myi.png Figure 1. Multiple images and candidates (the latter are marked with “c”; “p” stands for predicted location), shear, and critical curves (zs = 2), overlaid on an RGB color image constructed from the CLASH 16-band imaging, for one cluster from our sample (MACS 1931). Similar figures for the remaining 24 CLASH clusters are shown in the extended, online version of this figure. The red critical curves correspond to our LTM model, whereas the blue critical curves correspond to our PIEMDeNFW model. The measured shear, averaged here for show in ∼ [40′′ × 40′′] pixels, is marked with cyan lines across the field, where the line length in each position is proportional to the shear’s strength (with the overall scale factor arbitrary). Multiple images are listed in Table 2; the resulting mass profiles for this cluster are shown in Figure 2; the resulting mass–density maps are shown in Figure 3; and the differences between the various maps from the two models are shown in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/papers/human-hepatocellular-carcinomas-with-a-periportal-phenotype-1m4nf4jfvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-well-differentiated-hccs-display-a-preserved-metabolic-2zjcr9wl.png Fig. 4. Well-differentiated HCCs display a preserved metabolic liver zonation program. (A) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) in the four HCC subclasses. (B) Expression of relevant genes in the 1133-HCC metadata set. Color code keys are shown at the bottom of the heatmap. Samples (columns) are ordered by HCC subclass. Green, low; red, high expression. PP, Periportal-type; PV, Perivenous-type; ECM, Extracellular matrix-type; STEM, Stem cell-type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-metabolic-program-of-periportal-type-hccs-is-3t6382bs.png Fig. 5. The metabolic program of Periportal-type HCCs is regulated by HNF4A. (A) Periportal (PP, green) and Perivenous (PV, red) gene networks constructed by Weighted Gene Correlation Analysis and shown with Cytoscape graphics. Networks consist of human orthologs of mouse liver periportal and perivenous gene signatures,(20) detected in 326 Periportal-type and 210 Perivenous-type HCCs from the 1133 HCC set. Node border colors (Green/red) denote periportal/perivenous attributes of mouse genes genes, respectively.(20) Node core colors are proportional to the PV/PP fold-change in the HCC set (Color key: lower right). Link thickness is proportional to correlation coefficients (>0.30 in all networks; blue, positive; red, negative correlation). (B) The 550 genes representative of the four HCC subclasses discriminate between Hnf4a-KO and Hnf4a-WT mice.(31). Three gene clusters (black nodes on the left) denote: 1, upregulation in Hnf4a-KO’s and enrichment in human HCC STEM/ECM signatures; 2, upregulation in Hnf4a-WT’s and enrichment in HCC PP genes; 3, genes poorly affected by Hnf4a status. Red, high expression, green, low expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-and-multivariate-coxs-2-year-disease-free-jdafeu02.png Table 1. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s 2-year disease-free survival analyses in two independent HCC datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-periportal-type-hccs-show-the-most-favorable-clinical-21hohuf4.png Fig. 6. Periportal-type HCCs show the most favorable clinical features and the highest early (2-year) disease-free and overall survival rates after resection. (A) Clinical features of HCC subclasses in a 247-patient dataset(34). (B) Kaplan-Meier plots of subclass-specific overall and disease-free survival; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. (C) Subclass-specific clinical features, CTNNB1 and TP53 mutation rates (full genome sequencing) in an external validation 210-HCC RNAseq dataset (TGCA-LIHC-US). (D) Subclass-specific mRNA expression levels of Periportal HCC signature genes in 1133 HCCs. (E, F) Kaplan-Meier plots of overall and disease-free survival in HCC patients with and without the Periportal HCC signature in two datasets. AFP, serum alpha-fetoprotein; NA, not available; BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer); CLIP (Cancer of the Liver Italian Program). Statistics: Fisher exact test (categorical variables); Student’s t test (continuous variables); Log-rank test (survival analyses). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-study-a-construction-of-a-npjp1spk.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of the study. (A) Construction of a transcriptomic metadata set for subclass-specific analyses after curative resection of 1133 HCCs. Nine public transcriptomic datasets (A to I) were merged into a metadata set. As the 1133-HCCs were not annotated for CTNNB1 mutations, we developed a CTNNB1 mutation prediction score from transcriptomic data. The most stable markers were identified by sPLS-DA modeling in training and validation sets. Mutation prediction was validated in an external in-house HCC collection(9); then, CTNNB1 mutations were predicted in 1133 HCCs after cross-platform normalization. Subclass-specific survival analyses were performed in dataset C (n= 247 HCCs)(34) and validated in an external RNAseq, full-genome sequenced, dataset (LIHC-US; TCGA consortium, n= 210 HCCs).(10) (B) Transcriptomic datasets used: 1, yes or present; 0, no or absent. References: Training set(4); Validation set(6); A(44); B(45); C(34); D(46); E(47); F(48); G(49); H(49); I(28); RNAseq dataset(10). Major endpoints are indicated by bold arrows. External validation sets are represented by black boxes. https://scispace.com/papers/human-monoclonal-antibodies-to-domain-c-of-tenascin-c-34vuf66wfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anti-domain-c-of-tenascin-c-antibodies-a-schematic-1f79d5hu.png Fig. 1. Anti-domain C of tenascin-C antibodies. (A) Schematic representation of the different antibody formats and fusion protein used in this study. ScFv fragment consisting of a variable heavy and a variable light chain connected by a peptide linker, the small immunoprotein (SIP) format, a disulfide-linked homodimer and a scFv-IL2 fusion protein. (B) SDS–PAGE analysis of purified scFv(A12), scFv(E10), scFv(G11), SIP(G11) and scFv(G11)-IL2 under nonreducing (NR) and reducing (R) conditions. (C, E, G) Size-exclusion chromatography profiles of the purified scFv(A12), scFv(E10) and scFv(G11), respectively. The retention volume (ml) of the major peak corresponds to the monomeric form of the scFv fragments. (I) Size-exclusion chromatography profile of the purified SIP(G11). The retention volume (ml) of the major peak corresponds to the disulfide-linked homodimer. (D, F, H, J) BIAcore analysis of the binding of scFv(A12), scFv(E10), scFv(G11) and SIP(G11) to the extra-domain C of tenascin-C. Purified monomeric preparations of the scFv fragments and SIP(G11) were injected at different concentrations and the kinetic constants were calculated with the BIAevaluation 3.1 software. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-biodistribution-experiments-of-radiolabeled-anti-3kem9w0j.png Table III. Biodistribution experiments of radiolabeled anti-domain C of tenascin-C antibodies in nude mice bearing U87 human glioblastoma xenografts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-double-tracer-study-with-18f-fluorodeoxyglucose-fdg-1lp1loh2.png Fig. 3. Double tracer study with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 131I-SIP(G11) in C6 glioma bearing rats. Autoradiography of rat brain sections. SIP(G11) was conjugated to 131I and injected (500–600 mCi) i.v. in the animals. After 24 h the animals were sacrificed. Because of the short half-life of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (110 min), 1.2–1.7 mCi were injected just 15 min before sacrificing the animals. To quantitate the radioactive signal of the two tracers two successive autoradiography were performed. First, brain sections were incubated 4 h to detect the 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose signal. Then, the phosphoimager screen was erased and the same sections incubated again 4 days, to reveal the 131I-SIP(G11) signal. The analyses of two different rats are compared here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sequences-of-the-scfv-fragments-specific-to-the-32uji6ys.png Table I. Sequences of the scFv fragments specific to the extra-domain C of tenascin-C https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-affinities-of-the-antibody-fragments-specific-to-1avvaeml.png Table II. Affinities of the antibody fragments specific to the extra-domain C of tenascin-C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-findings-of-an-immunohistochemical-238ee31z.png Fig. 2. Representative findings of an immunohistochemical analysis performed on different types of human lung tumor sections obtained from surgically resected tumors from patients, using the scFv(G11) as primary antibody (red staining, over the blue hematoxylin staining of cell nuclei). An intense vascular and/ or stromal pattern of staining was observed in virtually all surgical specimens analyzed in this study. In addition, the figure presents the strong vascular staining of scFv(G11) of U87 human glioblastoma xenografts grown in nude mice, the model that was used for biodistribution analysis. In contrast, G11 staining was undetectable in normal lung, normal breast and normal kidney sections. RCC = renal cell carcinoma. https://scispace.com/papers/human-recognition-based-on-gait-poses-3sl11h9dpt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phases-and-poses-within-the-gait-cycle-2etlv9sw.png Fig. 1. Phases and poses within the gait cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-classifying-frames-in-poses-by-their-width-1eowepva.png Fig. 3. Classifying frames in poses by their width. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-solution-scheme-2wu5m8w6.png Fig. 2. General solution scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-of-the-methods-with-cms-b-percentage-of-22p1mink.png Fig. 4. a) Comparison of the methods with CMS. b) Percentage of discarded samples of the new method. c) CMS over non-discarded samples with the new method. https://scispace.com/papers/humus-structure-during-a-spruce-forest-rotation-quantitative-3jg4qb6086 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eigenvalues-of-the-correlation-matrix-and-related-3nupqoxr.png Table 1 Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix and related statistics of the four components of the principal component analysis on the full data set of humus components found within four horizons (OL, OF, OH and A) across four stages (5, 25, 45 and 95) of a spruce forest https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-anova-results-f-for-the-effect-of-stand-2cag6hvv.png Table 4 Summary of ANOVA results (F) for the effect of stand age on the contribution (in arc-sin of percentage) of groups of humus components to the OL + OF horizons and values of the complement of relative variance (R 2 c). d.f. = degrees of freedom https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spearman-rank-order-correlation-coefficients-between-17pvnzcj.png Table 5 Spearman rank order correlation coefficients between humus components groups and functional groups of fauna and microbial parameters. Values of R of only significant results at the 5% level after Bonferroni’s adjustment are shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-and-codes-of-humus-components-in-the-ol-and-of-22uhmhr5.png Table 3 List and codes of humus components in the OL and OF horizons in four spruce stands. Components are classified into five groups relating to their PCA coordinates as analysed by the k-means clustering procedure. Components with a contribution less than 5% are indicated in parenthesis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-eigenvalues-of-the-correlation-matrix-and-related-mozg7add.png Table 2 Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix and related statistics of the two components of the principal component analysis on the reduced data set of only humus components confined to OL + OF horizons across four stages (5, 25, 45 and 95) of a spruce forest https://scispace.com/papers/hungarian-particle-reduplication-as-local-doubling-2og55573x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-particle-stranding-mean-score-of-judgement-n-13-bo6mtll9.png Figure 1: Particle stranding, mean score of judgement (N=13, scale: 1 to 5) https://scispace.com/papers/hurt-feelings-in-women-the-interaction-of-social-and-54fsbugmbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bivariate-relationships-between-hurt-at-the-time-of-22rjti74.png Table 4 Bivariate Relationships Between Hurt at the Time of the Event (Outcome Variable), the Predictor Variables Type of Hurtful Event, Relationship with the Perpetrator and Hurt-Proneness and the Covariates Time Since Event and Length of Relationship, Study 2 (N = 380). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-per-cell-for-type-of-hurtful-event-and-1ajbq2cp.png Table 3 Frequency Per Cell For Type of Hurtful Event and Relationship for the 7 Category Hurtful Events Typology, Study 1 (N = 380). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multilevel-model-demonstrating-the-relationship-3u7hsk5e.png Table 5 Multilevel Model Demonstrating the Relationship Between Type of Hurtful Event, Importance of Perpetrator, Hurt-Proneness and the Intensity of Hurt Feelings, Study 2 (N = 475). Level 2 Effects (Relationship with the Perpetrator) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-model-demonstrating-the-relationship-3cs7gx30.png Table 2 Multilevel Model Demonstrating the Relationship Between Type of Hurtful Event, Importance of Perpetrator, Hurt-Proneness and the Intensity of Hurt Feelings, Study 1 (N = 475). Level 2 Effects (Relationship with the Perpetrator) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-regression-slopes-between-victim-hurt-3ts1vjpu.png Figure 1. Linear regression slopes between victim hurt-proneness and the intensity of hurt feelings when perpetrators are of low importance to the victim, plotted separately for illconceived humour and relational denigration and humiliation scenarios, Study 1 (n = 225). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bivariate-relationships-between-hurt-intensity-2oqrkrw8.png Table 1 Bivariate Relationships between Hurt Intensity (Outcome Variable) and the Predictor Variables Type of Hurtful Event, Importance of the Perpetrator and Hurt-Proneness (HPS), Study 1 (N = 475). https://scispace.com/papers/huntingtin-interacting-protein-1-promotes-vpr-induced-g2-3041i8t8ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-146goxj8.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-26ovg952.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1zkw2ri7.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-27olr3ex.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-35gwmzt2.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-beamforming-for-dual-polarized-antenna-4fznxzbhsl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-block-diagram-33ybmxso.png Fig. 1: System Block Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-category-of-the-maximum-effective-channel-gain-rpuzhs9z.png Fig. 4: Category of the maximum effective channel gain depending on mobile rotation and its boundary https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effective-channel-gain-of-each-category-depends-on-1oaxjmqu.png Fig. 3: Effective channel gain of each category depends on mobile rotation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-categories-of-path-combinations-in-joint-6punhg38.png Fig. 2: 3 categories of path combinations in joint polarization beamforming https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectral-efficiency-of-different-techniques-in-the-wksg75uj.png Fig. 5: Spectral efficiency of different techniques in the channel with Nc = 6, Nray = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spectral-efficiency-of-different-techniques-in-the-lg7duosi.png Fig. 6: Spectral efficiency of different techniques in the channel with Nc = 6, Nray = 10 https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-iterative-approach-for-simulation-of-radio-frequency-4c79qk0mfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-scaled-down-plasma-parameters-a-e-30yo3u5k.png FIG. 2. Results for scaled down plasma parameters. (a)–(e) Formation of the solution. Profiles of Re(EZ) in the poloidal section after Nc iterative cycles are shown. (f) Absorbed power profile for converged solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-for-scaled-down-plasma-parameters-a-1uwb19n4.png FIG. 1. Results for scaled down plasma parameters. (a) Convergence of the hybrid iterative scheme for different Nit. (b) Convergence of electric and magnetic energies for Nit¼ 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-for-realistic-tokamak-plasma-parameters-3eoa367w.png FIG. 4. Results for realistic Tokamak plasma parameters: profiles of (a) jEj, (b) jEZ j, and (c) jE/j; (d) power absorption profile; (e) Re(EZ) in area 1; and (f) Re(E/) in area 1. The grid size in these simulations is 16 000 16 000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-for-realistic-tokamak-plasma-parameters-for-a-35c5jrqa.png FIG. 5. Results for realistic Tokamak plasma parameters for a wide wave front launched from the outboard boundary: profiles of (a) jEj, (b) Re(EZ) in area 1, and (c) Re(E/) in area 1. The grid size in these simulations is 16 000 16 000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-convergence-of-the-hybrid-iterative-scheme-and-b-zv0974p3.png FIG. 3. (a) Convergence of the hybrid iterative scheme and (b) convergence of electric and magnetic energies for realistic tokamak plasma parameters for different /x. The grid size in these simulations is 16 000 16 000. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-life-cycle-assessment-lca-will-likely-yield-more-299uwttk9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-and-much-higher-than-that-of-yhbs-weakly-coupled-110925cq.png Table 1, and much higher than that of YHB’s weakly coupled system. Adding more 14 components and interconnections would increase the eigenvalue further however even 15 in this simple example, we have shown that the base case underlying YHB’s argument is 16 not in line with process systems based on real data. Therefore, YHB's example does not 17 seem to hold to the scrutiny of generality. 18 19 20 https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-cramer-rao-bound-on-time-delay-estimation-in-rayleigh-gevpbu67pu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-on-line-and-off-linehcrba-versus-observation-block-1xpwf921.png Fig. 3: On-line and Off-lineHCRBα versus Observation block length (N ), SNR=5dB. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-origin-of-a-swordtail-species-teleostei-xiphophorus-1gh759hpl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-laboratory-crosses-between-xiphophorus-maculatus-2yhrhzqi.png Fig. 3 Laboratory crosses between Xiphophorus maculatus females and males of the swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii. (a) On the left side are females; on the right sides, males. The two fish in the top row are a X. maculatus female and a male swordtail X. hellerii. Below are BC1 hybrid females and males. (b) Sword index (sword length/ standard length) of male platyfish (X. maculatus), (female) platyfish/ swordtail (X. hellerii) F1 hybrids (N = 14), backcross hybrids from F1 hybrid females mated with swordtail males (X. hellerii) (N = 108), and swordtail (X. hellerii) males (N = 32), for comparison the sword index of Xiphophorus clemenciae males (N = 17) is shown as well. Bars show standard deviation. (c) To analyse the preference of platyfish/swordtail F1 hybrid females, standard visual choice tests were performed. The box plots depict the preferences of platy/swordtail F1 hybrid females, backcross hybrid females from F1 females mated with swordtails, and swordtail females. The bar represents the median of the time spent with the stimulus male, the box characterizes the 25% and 75% values, respectively. The whiskers describe the 10% and 90% values, respectively. There is tendency of F1 hybrid females towards a preference for swordtail males over platy males although not statistically significant (N = 9, z = −1.96, P = 0.0499). Backcross females from matings of F1 hybrid females with swordtail males significantly preferred the swordtail males over platy males (N = 28, z = −2.715, P = 0.0066). Swordtail females preferred the conspecific males over the males of the platyfish (N = 28, z = −2.859, P = 0.0043). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogeny-of-all-22-xiphophorus-species-using-3kn7wyx1.png Fig. 2 Phylogeny of all 22 Xiphophorus species using Priapella compressa and Priapella olmeca as outgroup (Meyer et al. 1994). (a) Maximum-likelihood tree based on the complete mitochondrial control region and a segment of the cytochrome b gene (1237 bp). (b) Maximum-likelihood tree based on six nuclear markers (3005 bp). Numbers above the branches are the corresponding Bayesian posterior probabilities and quartet-puzzling values; numbers below the branches represent maximum-parsimony and neighbourjoining bootstrap values. In the mitochondrial phylogeny (a), Xiphophorus clemenciae is nested among the southern platyfish; in the nuclear tree (b) it is grouped together with the southern swordtails instead. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-distributions-of-all-22-xiphophorus-1xmt086j.png Fig. 1 Map showing the distributions of all 22 Xiphophorus species in Central America. Specimen information and sample localities are contained in the Supplementary material. Species names in bold are those that are most relevant to this study. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-sol-gel-coatings-containing-clay-nanoparticles-for-569wkpvep2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coating-thicknesses-of-different-compositions-after-15g4kfhr.png Table 1. Coating thicknesses of different compositions after thermal treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contact-angle-values-of-water-drops-at-20oc-4qbi2ys2.png Table 2. Contact angle values of water drops at 20ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-atomic-compositions-derived-from-the-xps-survey-2bxa68qq.png Table 3. Atomic compositions derived from the XPS survey spectra for TG, TGL and TGLCe samples before and after 24 h immersion in 0.35 wt% NaCl water solution at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-samples-preparation-of-2vkvn31y.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of samples preparation of TG, TGL and TGL-Ce coatings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-electrical-parameters-values-corresponding-to-the-u7q7vf9t.png Table 4. Electrical parameters values corresponding to the EIS results presented in Fig. 6 and 8 and Ceff calculation using eq 2. https://scispace.com/papers/hybridisation-of-two-ductile-materials-steel-fibre-and-self-1ueozia68y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-penetration-impact-resistance-of-reference-100tghc0.png Figure 6: The penetration impact resistance of reference materials and their hybrids: (a) in absolute terms, and (b) in specific terms. The error bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-stress-strain-diagrams-of-the-2nlar0kn.png Figure 3: Representative stress-strain diagrams of the reference materials and the three hybrids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-used-materials-a-photograph-of-the-vndb58na.png Figure 1: Overview of used materials(a) photograph of the quasi-unidirectional steel fibre fabric with steel fibre yarns in the warp direction and PET yarns in the weft direction, (b) the PP tape fabric, and (c) geometric model of the steel fibre fabric. The unit cell in (c) is drawn larger than strictly necessary for visual reasons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tensile-properties-per-density-of-the-reference-ylu5cgzj.png Table 2: Tensile properties per density of the reference materials and the three hybrids. The indicated errors are the 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tensile-properties-of-the-reference-materials-and-34et5n2i.png Table 1: Tensile properties of the reference materials and the three hybrids. The indicated errors are the 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-photographs-of-the-fracture-surface-of-the-impacted-1fy7fb3v.png Figure 7: Photographs of the fracture surface of the impacted samples: (a) Reference steel/PP, (b) hybrid: steel distributed, (c) hybrid: steel outside, (d) hybrid: steel inside, and (e) reference SRPP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-stress-level-and-slope-of-the-hybrid-composite-1c84vp6c.png Figure 4: The stress level and slope of the hybrid composite are underestimated when the measured variation in the Poisson’s ratio for SRPP is taken into account (see Figure 5). A better prediction is achieved when the Poisson’s ratio for SRPP is set to a constant value of 0.225. The model predictions are in dashed lines, and were calculated for strains of 5%, 9% and 12%. For the reference composites, the Poisson contraction does not affect the predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-measurement-of-the-srpp-poissons-ratio-36iiuzo4.png Figure 5: Experimental measurement of the SRPP Poisson’s ratio as a function of the longitudinal strain. The constant Poisson’s ratio assumption in the model is added to facilitate comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-sliding-mode-control-of-dfig-with-mppt-using-three-k7jxeohr15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-oriented-flux-hybrid-sliding-mode-control-of-dfig-wkigv4cv.png Fig. 5. Oriented flux hybrid sliding mode control of DFIG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-turbine-speed-by-using-mppt-2mjuym44.png Fig. 8. Turbine speed by using MPPT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulink-stateflow-automata-for-hybrid-sliding-mode-w9wjxalk.png Fig. 6. Simulink-Stateflow automata for hybrid sliding mode control of one multicellular converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wind-speed-with-a-step-change-303mh1a9.png Fig. 7. Wind speed with a step change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-wind-energy-control-system-3b4aaz7x.png Fig. 1. Architecture of wind energy control system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-floating-voltages-1v4h6cdr.png Fig. 11. Floating voltages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sliding-functions-35sr20dn.png Fig. 12. Sliding functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-stator-reactive-power-1f5xpugb.png Fig. 10. Stator reactive power https://scispace.com/papers/hydra-th-extensions-for-multispecies-and-thermosolutal-2i0fyju71x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermosolutal-convection-control-file-9rce7jku.png Figure 3: Thermosolutal Convection Control File https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermosolutal-transport-specification-in-control-78t239l5.png Figure 2: Thermosolutal Transport Specification in Control File https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hydra-th-comparison-to-analytic-solution-species-2fxu7xh6.png Figure 7: Hydra-TH Comparison to Analytic Solution (species mass fraction) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydra-th-comparison-to-analytic-solution-velocity-18qfekyf.png Figure 5: Hydra-TH Comparison to Analytic Solution (velocity) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hydra-th-comparison-to-analytic-solution-24d3xjx0.png Figure 6: Hydra-TH Comparison to Analytic Solution (temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-magnitude-contours-in-thermosolutal-vz8tx337.png Figure 4: Velocity Magnitude Contours in Thermosolutal Similarity Test Problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-species-transport-specification-in-control-file-t7gcyiuv.png Figure 1: Species Transport Specification in Control File https://scispace.com/papers/hydrodynamic-modelling-of-a-flood-prone-tidal-river-using-16fa0g0z8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-three-selected-points-for-spatial-the-sensitivity-1rb8p53z.png Figure 10. Three selected points for spatial the sensitivity analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-tide-range-of-each-month-in-the-year-2012-zzjmd19t.png Figure 3. Maximum tide range of each month in the year 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-indices-for-carrara-alert-site-during-29ng2cxg.png Table 4. Performance indices for Carrara Alert site during calibration for the year 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-indices-for-evandale-alert-site-during-3hr8wat2.png Table 5. Performance indices for Evandale Alert site during calibration for the year 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-hourly-observed-and-simulated-water-h0ftiuz2.png Figure 9. Comparison of hourly observed and simulated water levels at Evandale Alert site over 31/5/2012 1:00-3/6/2012 6:00 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-1d-2d-and-3d-modelling-approach-2ao2zb8p.png Table 1. Comparison of 1D, 2D, and 3D modelling approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hourly-water-level-of-the-upstream-boundary-29k2w2b1.png Figure 4. Hourly water level of the upstream boundary (Glenhurst station) over (a) Flood Event 1 and (b) Flood Event 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mannings-roughness-coefficient-for-the-nerang-river-19edr5m7.png Table 3. Manning’s roughness coefficient for the Nerang River chainage https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-adsorption-trends-on-various-metal-doped-ni2p-3eicw55x5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-doping-energies-ef-for-mg-v-fe-co-cu-and-mo-for-the-v8p98f60.png Figure 3: Doping energies (EF) for Mg, V, Fe, Co, Cu, and Mo for the four topmost layers of the Ni3P2 termination of Ni2P. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-surface-representation-of-the-ni3p2-and-ni3p2-p-3434p6jd.png Figure 1: A surface representation of the Ni3P2 and Ni3P2+P terminations of Ni2P. In this and all remaining figures, the hydrogen atoms are indicated by white, the phosphorus atoms by yellow-brown, the Ni atoms by deep blue, and the metal atoms by teal. The pshophorus adatom is marked by Pad. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydrogen-adsorption-free-energies-gh-for-mg-v-fe-co-3bpmo43c.png Figure 5: Hydrogen adsorption free energies (∆GH) for Mg-, V-, Fe-, Co-, Cu-, and Modoped Ni3P2 terminated Ni2P. The triangles indicate ∆GH values for the first hydrogen adsorption, whereas the squares signify ∆GH values for the second hydrogen adsorption. The deep yellow band highlights the ±0.1 eV region around the optimal ∆GH = 0 value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sample-hydrogen-adsorption-patterns-observed-in-the-3kdddm9n.png Figure 8: Sample hydrogen adsorption patterns observed in the Co (l2d2) surface: A) Hydrogens on top P adatom and B) Hydrogens on top P adatom with different orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hydrogen-adsorption-free-energies-gh-for-mg-v-fe-co-3reiow2c.png Figure 7: Hydrogen adsorption free energies (∆GH) for Mg-, V-, Fe-, Co-, Cu-, and Modoped Ni3P2+P terminated Ni2P. The triangles indicate ∆GH values for the first hydrogen adsorption, the squares signify ∆GH values for the second hydrogen adsorption, and the circles show ∆GH values for the third hydrogen adsorption. The deep yellow band highlights the ±0.1 eV region around the optimal ∆GH = 0 value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-doping-energies-ef-for-mg-v-fe-co-cu-and-mo-for-the-2fblqfi2.png Figure 4: Doping energies (EF) for Mg, V, Fe, Co, Cu, and Mo for the four topmost layers of the Ni3P2+P termination of Ni2P. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-slab-model-for-the-ni3p2-and-ni3p2-p-terminated-z49gzsjk.png Figure 2: The slab model for the Ni3P2 and Ni3P2+P terminated Ni2P surface. In the Figure, the third layer is doped by a single metal atom which corresponds to an l3d1 doping scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-hydrogen-adsorption-patterns-observed-in-the-1rw5hdhu.png Figure 6: Sample hydrogen adsorption patterns observed in the Co (l1d2) surface: A) H2 formation, B) Co-Co and Co-P bridge site hydrogens, and C) Co2Ni hollow site and Co-P bridge site hydrogens. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrodynamic-impact-numerical-and-experimental-132gu6e4bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-different-zones-for-the-study-of-fluid-structure-6ogh3du8.png Fig. 2. The different zones for the study of fluid-structure impact. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-between-predicted-and-experimental-peak-3q0nfvsn.png Table 6 Comparison between predicted and experimental peak pressure values for impact velocity equal to 2.5m/s for deformable cones with a thickness equal to 1mm https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-between-predicted-and-experimental-peak-157th7u9.png Table 5 Comparison between predicted and experimental peak pressure values for impact velocity equal to 5.2m/s for rigid cone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-pressure-histories-comparison-between-numerical-1dmxwom7.png Fig. 27. Pressure histories—comparison between numerical (straight line) and experimental (dotted line) results for rigid cones (on the left) and for deformable structures—Thickness ¼ 1mm (on the right): (a) Cone b ¼ 61; (b) Cone b ¼ 101; (c) Cone b ¼ 141. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cone-shaped-hull-impact-a-comparison-between-numerical-1pfdpdiy.png Fig. 8. Cone shaped hull impact. (a) Comparison between numerical and analytical solutions for the free surface elevation. (b) Comparison between numerical and analytical solutions for the outer pressure distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-three-dimensional-mesh-used-in-finite-element-method-3h9dv75p.png Fig. 7. Three-dimensional mesh used in finite element method around a cone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-detailed-views-of-the-rigid-cone-shaped-models-1txcrwpx.png Fig. 19. Detailed views of the rigid cone shaped models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-detailed-views-of-the-deformable-cone-shaped-models-1sa5lxfj.png Fig. 20. Detailed views of the deformable cone shaped models. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-bonding-in-ethanol-a-high-pressure-neutron-2ooag87awm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-bong-lengths-in-a-of-ethanol-at-2-86-5-gpa-taslxmu4.png Table 3. Selected bong lengths (in Å) of ethanol at 2.86(5) GPa (this study), those from the previous X–ray single–crystal diffraction study at 2.75 GPa [5] and the ab initio calculations [4]. Note that for the current and theoretical study the H12 atom is not observed/predicted, and hence some bond lengths are not determined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compressibility-of-ethanol-at-290-k-top-variation-9py5js1l.png Figure 2. Compressibility of ethanol at 290 K. Top: Variation in unit–cell volume as a function of pressure. The solid line shows the determined 2nd order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (see text for more details), the dashed vertical line shows the crystallisation pressure at ∼290 K [3]. Bottom Left: Principal linear compressibilties K1 shown by solid squares, K2 open circles and K3 open triangles. Bottom Right: Relative changes in the lengths of the principal axes upon compression. X1 shown by solid squares, X2 open squares and X3 solid triangles (see main text and Table 1 for further details). Error bars are shown but where they are not visible they are smaller than the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutron-powder-tof-diffraction-of-ethanol-with-2aedjnzo.png Figure 1. Neutron powder TOF diffraction of ethanol with increasing pressure. Left: Representative neutron diffraction pattern and Rietveld fit of data collected from ethanol at 3.29(4) GPa within the PE press. Experiment data are shown as open black circles, the solid red trace shows the calculated profile and the bottom blue trace shows the residual of the fit. The tick marks show the expected reflection positions for each of the phases fitted in the patterns, which are, from top to bottom, ethanol (black), Pb (red), WC (green) and Ni (blue). Right: Neutron diffraction patterns of ethanol with increasing pressure. All patterns and Rietveld fit are shown background subtracted for ease of comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compressibilities-of-ethanol-the-median-principal-9qh21ig0.png Table 1. Compressibilities of ethanol. The median principal compressibilties are detailed and the corresponding principal axes component Xi are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-electric-airplanes-a-disruptive-technological-path-cp96rebocu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-specific-energy-density-with-respect-to-volume-2bm4e9z3.png Figure 4 The specific energy density with respect to volume of different aviation fuels. The lower heating value (LHV) is used for H2 and LH2. Different pressures of H2 is compared with cryogenically cooled LH2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overall-flowchart-of-the-hydrogen-combustor-and-the-153rjz57.png Figure 6 Overall flowchart of the hydrogen combustor and the fuel cell conversion system, indicating inputs and outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hydrogen-turbo-electric-propulsion-for-four-24aqdwd9.png Figure 11 Hydrogen turbo-electric propulsion for four propellers in parallel configuration assisted with batteries as a buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hydrogen-turbo-electric-propulsion-for-four-335wlgco.png Figure 10 Hydrogen turbo-electric propulsion for four propellers in series configuration assisted with batteries as a buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-progression-toward-the-future-electrification-of-737e89k2.png Figure 1 Progression toward the future electrification of aviation (approx. 2035-2050). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-free-body-diagram-of-an-envisioned-h2-powered-2xh726nd.png Figure 5 Free-body diagram of an envisioned H2-powered aircraft showing the impact of weight on the required lift and the bulkiness on the drag that the airplane must overcome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-performance-metrics-of-the-hy4-hydrogen-electric-1iu8bg6g.png Table 4 Key performance metrics of the HY4 hydrogen-electric aircraft development with gaseous hydrogen (GH2) at 437 bar (http://hy4.org/hy4-technology). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-h2-aviation-projects-gh2-gaseous-1qti53i0.png Table 3 Examples of H2 aviation projects. GH2: Gaseous hydrogen. LH2: Liquid hydrogen. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-production-cost-estimate-using-biomass-gasification-3u4a7knv71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-capex-sensitivity-values-2q2hzkmu.png Table 6. CapEx Sensitivity Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-capex-cases-24doax6o.png Table 5. CapEx Cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-pressure-oxygen-blown-direct-gasification-x5wck5mi.png Figure 5. High-pressure oxygen blown direct gasification block flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-indirect-steam-gasification-block-flow-diagram-3jl1i109.png Figure 6. Indirect steam gasification block flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1st-plant-costs-kg-hydrogen-produced-6-3vsetic5.png Figure 3. 1st plant costs $/kg hydrogen produced ........................................................................................ 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-future-u-s-biomass-supply-curve-2ki1m0gb.png Table 16. Future U.S. Biomass Supply Curve https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-hydrogen-yields-from-open-literature-5cc53du1.png Table 9. Hydrogen Yields From Open Literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-feedstock-pricing-values-1z899m2o.png Table 8. Feedstock Pricing Values https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-silsesquioxane-mold-coatings-for-improved-s9fj7lmu21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-injection-molding-conditions-1cp4h10d.png Table 1. Injection molding conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficient-of-variation-of-the-replicated-pillars-2rzij937.png Table 3. Coefficient of variation (%) of the replicated pillars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-pillar-height-of-polymer-replicas-from-v900x40w.png Figure 3. Mean pillar height of polymer replicas from structured all-metal and HSQ/steel mold inserts at various mold temperatures. The mean depth of the mold structures are 398 nm and 326 nm for the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-micrographs-of-polymer-replicas-injection-ya89c26h.png Figure 2. AFM micrographs of polymer replicas injection molded on an all-metal mold insert (upper row) or a HSQ/steel mold insert (lower row) at different mold temperatures. The displayed scan areas are 5×4 µm2 and the color height scale is 350 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-finite-element-modeling-fem-of-the-spatial-2bvbp2ix.png Figure 5. Finite element modeling (FEM) of the spatial temperature distribution across the polymer/mold interface (x = 0) for an unfilled mold nanocavity at different time points for (a) allmetal mold inserts and (b) HSQ/steel mold inserts, both initially having Tmold = 70 °C and Tmelt = 250 °C. The drawings in the upper row show the actual FEM models drawn to the scale of the simulation results shown in the lower row. The graphs show the temperatures measured at different simulation times along the dotted lines labeled “Temperature probe line”. A rotational symmetry condition is applied to the lower horizontal boundary of each drawing (indicated by horizontal purple lines). A mirror symmetry condition is set for the leftmost vertical axis at a distance of 1000 µm from the melt/mold interface (indicated by vertical purple lines), thereby modeling the 2 mm high physical mold cavity. The mold part extends for 300 µm from the polymer/mold interface where a constant temperature condition of 70 °C is set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-constants-used-for-heat-transfer-analysis-qgq0jk6c.png Table 2. Material constants used for heat transfer analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-finite-element-modeling-of-polymer-melt-cooling-2xi285ri.png Figure 4. Finite element modeling of polymer melt cooling immediately above a mold nanocavity after the polymer melt at 250 °C is brought in thermal contact with a metal mold insert or a HSQ/steel mold insert at 70 °C. See figure 5 for drawings of the modeled melt/mold configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sketches-of-the-master-pillar-structures-and-3sqjy9ly.png Figure 1. (a) Sketches of the master pillar structures and corresponding mold hole structures showing the height (h) and width (w) of the square master pillars as well as the pitch (p) of the square grid of https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogeochemical-and-stream-sediment-detailed-geochemical-48f2ub1ji0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-23a-3n7el0np.png Figure B-23a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-12a-3mbxfeeg.png Figure A-12b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-16a-3odfb56o.png Figure B-16a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-24a-i66gdd5m.png Figure B-24a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-8b-30f8323n.png Figure B-8b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3a-tcj5k03b.png Figure A-3a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-22b-2dfyem8j.png Figure B-22b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-16b-s1kgyn7l.png Figure. A-16a https://scispace.com/papers/hydrological-responses-and-flow-pathways-in-an-acrisol-on-a-13ary7a0uw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-3droz2o8.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2qcq5ajk.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-13cb36ij.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-pore-size-classes-by-soil-horizon-in-2ou4ntcw.png Fig. 4 Distribution of pore size classes by soil horizon in the Tie Shan Ping watershed, Chongqing, China. Values are averages for the five soil profiles (T1–T5) obtained from soil water retention curves. Pore size classes of > 300 and < 0.2 µm both differed at P < 0.05 using a 2-sample t-test. The 1-µm pore size class (calculated from the −300 kPa pressure) was excluded from the estimation due to measurement errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-saturated-hydraulic-conductivity-ksat-a-by-soil-35y7l1b4.png TABLE IV Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)a) by soil horizon on the hillslope in the Tie Shan Ping watershed, Chongqing, China https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-soil-water-retention-curves-according-to-the-van-39mw7u7s.png Fig. 3 Soil water retention curves according to the van Genuchten-Mualem equation after parameter optimization estimated from mean observed values for each measured depth: depths of 3.5, 10, 25, and 50 cm correspond with the OA, AB, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ytelwiox.png TABLE III https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-site-a-sub-catchment-in-the-tie-shan-zgtok4rw.png Fig. 1 Map of the study site, a sub-catchment in the Tie Shan Ping (TSP) watershed, Chongqing, China, with five profiles (T1– T5) along a transect perpendicular to contour lines and the groundwater discharge zone (GDZ) indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrometeorology-of-the-amazon-in-era-40-98b35n46up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-of-corrected-annual-mean-precipitation-95czxf96.png FIG. 4. (a) Comparison of corrected annual mean precipitation and runoff in ERA-40 with observations for the Amazon for water years, together with Southern Oscillation index (SOI). (b) ERA-40 Pc and Dai et al. (2004) Pobs against SOI (with regression lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amazon-subbasin-areas-in-era-40-qi3bb9zw.png TABLE 1. Amazon subbasin areas in ERA-40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-era-40-south-american-basins-dclxc1yu.png FIG. 1. ERA-40 South American basins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-era-40-pc-against-pobs-with-1-to-1-line-era-40-rc-187ux3wt.png FIG. 5. ERA-40 Pc against Pobs (with 1-to-1 line), ERA-40 Rc against Pc, and Amazon Sobs against Pobs (with regression lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-monthly-precipitation-and-precipitation-bias-against-3k3tooc1.png FIG. 6. Monthly precipitation and precipitation bias against TCWV for three time periods of ERA-40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mean-annual-cycle-of-a-observed-2-m-temperature-b-era-3suuyzjb.png FIG. 10. Mean annual cycle of (a) observed 2-m temperature, (b) ERA-40 2-m temperature, and (c) ERA-40 2-m temperature bias. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-vegetation-across-the-amazon-in-era-m6a33jof.png TABLE 2. Distribution of vegetation across the Amazon in ERA-40 as % of basin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-annual-cycle-of-a-observed-precipitation-b-era-40-kc3xun5b.png FIG. 7. Mean annual cycle of (a) observed precipitation, (b) ERA-40 0–12 h FX precipitation, (c) precipitation estimate from moisture convergence, and (d) ERA-40 precipitation bias. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrothermal-silicification-and-dolomitization-in-fault-1nfvqsrsiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-outcrop-view-of-the-large-recumbent-isoclinal-2zqa7eft.png Figure 3 (a) outcrop view of the large, recumbent, isoclinal, thrust-related fold, Camarana site; (b) close-up view of the main thrust fault; (c) close-up view of the outcropping nucleus of the anticline fold; (d) panoramic view of the Morro Vermelho study area; (e) outcrop view of dolomitized carbonates crosscut by two orthogonal silicified veins, which are interpreted as the oldest structural elements present within the study carbonates; (f) close up view of silicified vein cluster exposed along the Morro Vermelho hill. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-outcrop-view-of-the-irregular-crenulation-216pzfsy.png Figure 2 (a) Outcrop view of the irregular crenulation displayed by the carbonates rocks pertaining to the Salitre Fm., Lapao sector. (b) Bed-parallel stylolites and bed-perpendicular fractures and (c) right-lateral sheared fractures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-a-thrust-zone-1s5pawfx.png Figure 1 (a) Schematic representation of a thrust zone architecture, with a zoom on the hydrothermal Si/Mg-rich fluids which flow through the fault zone leading to pervasive silicification and dolomitization. Pictures at the bottom represent close ups of the carbonates rocks pertaining to the Salitre Fm.; carbonates affected by HSD, on the left, and pristine carbonates, on the right end side. (b) Geological map of the Irecé basin (modified after Bertotti et al., 2019), all the surveyed outcrops for geological and structural analyses are reported in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-evolutionary-model-representing-the-19mlh5nk.png Figure 4 (a) Schematic evolutionary model representing the evolution of the structural network crosscutting the Salitre Fm.; (b) 3D scheme showing the structural architecture of the southern portion of the Irece basin. https://scispace.com/papers/hydroxide-catalysis-bonding-for-astronomical-instruments-45rifumjny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-of-the-aligo-monolithic-suspension-top-2et0yvba.png Figure 7 Schematic of the aLIGO monolithic suspension (top) with a photograph of an ear bonded onto the side of the test mass with fibres welded to it (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-side-view-of-the-pre-flight-prototype-gp-b-2kcj6wlt.png Figure 1 Side view of the pre-flight prototype GP-B telescope made from fused silica. The actual flight version has clear sides. The overall cylindrical section is ∼43 cm long. Free of mechanical fasteners, the optics construction has over 40 bonding interfaces, which survive 2.5 K thermal cycling. Courtesy: Stanford University (http:// einstein.stanford.edu/content/tech_stories/ts_11-telescope.html). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-photographs-of-a-bonded-150-mm-diameter-lightweight-7hubvem5.png Figure 9 Photographs of a bonded 150 mm diameter lightweight mirror. Two thin slabs of low-expansion material are bonded to a heavily lightweighted middle section and then polished as required. This mirror is uncoated but coatings have been applied to similar mirrors. Pictures courtesy of Gooch and Housego (UK) Ltd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cad-model-of-a-conceptual-elisa-optical-bench-301542nx.png Figure 3 CAD model of a conceptual eLISA optical bench, diameter 35 cm. This is a two-sided design with interferometric optics on one side (left) and imaging detector assemblies on the other (right). The low expansion substrate to which components are attached is lightweighted and beams pass through holes between the two sides via periscopic optics. Figure reproduced from [55]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hydroxide-catalysis-bonded-optical-bench-2cl7k884.png Figure 2 The hydroxide catalysis bonded optical bench interferometer for LISA Pathfinder. The top surface of the Zerodur baseplate is ∼20 cm square and there are 22 bonded optical components and two bonded fibre injectors. Image reproduced from [50]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photograph-of-a-bonded-fibre-injector-with-beam-1yx1teif.png Figure 4 Photograph of a bonded fibre injector with beam expansion in glass, the ruler shows a scale in mm. The input AVIM connector can be seen in the background. The fibre terminates at bond interface A, and the collimating lens is bonded to a precision glass spacer at interface B. The fibre injector is bonded to a glass baseplate for mounting purposes. Reproduced from [56]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-some-strength-results-in-the-literature-2zmzwyfi.png Table 1 Overview of some strength results in the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-strain-sensitivity-curves-for-the-ligo-virgo-and-27pezena.png Figure 5 Strain sensitivity curves for the LIGO, Virgo and GEO600 detectors for the S5 science data run (the last science data run in the initial detector configurations) (source: http://www.ligo.caltech. edu/∼jzweizig/distribution/LSC_Data/). https://scispace.com/papers/hydroxylamine-dependent-anaerobic-ammonium-oxidation-anammox-49u5eh7kik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influences-of-a-no-scavenger-carboxy-ptio-on-14-15-n2-3qdalarm.png Fig. 4. Influences of a NO-scavenger, carboxy-PTIO, on 14-15 N2 gas production by “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” (a) and “Ca. Scalindua japonica” cells (b): The cells were anoxically incubated in 7-ml glass vials containing 2-ml cell suspension in the presence of 15NH4 + and 14NO2 - (each 2.5 mM). The incubations were performed with or without 2.5 mM carboxy-PTIO (circle or square, respectively). Specific activities of 14-15N2 gas production by “Ca. Brocadia sinica” cells with and without the carboxy PTIO were 15 ± 2.1 (mean ± standard deviation) and 14 ± 3.0 amol cell-1 h-1, respectively. Draft genome sequence of “Ca. Scalindua japonica” has been determined recently, and a gene encoding cytochrome cd1-type NO-forming nitrite reductase (nirS) was found in the determined genome (e.g., M. Oshiki, unpublished) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hydroxylamine-disproportionation-by-candidatus-2j5gfhuk.png Fig. 5. Hydroxylamine disproportionation by “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” cells: The 30-ml cell suspension containing 15NH2OH (1.5 mM) was anoxically incubated in 120-ml glass vials at 37°C, and concentrations of 15NH2OH (circle, black), 15-15N2H4 (opened circle), 15NH4 + (circle, grey), 14-15N2 (square, red) and 15-15N2 (square, blue) were monitored. Accumulations of 15NH4 + and 15-15N2 were observed immediately after the incubation was started, while 15-15N2H4 accumulation occurred after 2 h of incubation. Productions of 14-15N2 and 15-15N2 were not observed when the incubation was repeated without “Ca. B. sinica” cells, indicating that hydroxylamine disproportionation is an enzymatically catalyzed reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-consumption-of-15nh2oh-by-candidatus-brocadia-sinica-30nj5ils.png Fig. 3. Consumption of 15NH2OH by “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” cells: The 30-ml cell suspension containing 15NH2OH (1.5 mM) and 14NH4 + (3 mM) was anoxically incubated in 120-ml glass vials at 37°C. a) Time-course monitoring of N2H4 (open circle), NH2OH (circle, black), NH4 + (circle, grey), 14-15N2 (square, red) and 15-15N2 (square, blue) concentrations. Bottom panel shows 15N/14N ratio of NH4 +, and increase of the ratio indicates accumulation of 15NH4 +. Error bars represent standard deviations derived from triplicate vials. 15NO accumulation was not detectable, and thus not shown here. b) Mass chromatogram of N2H4 derivatives (molecular ion peaks at m/z = 389 and 390, which https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reduction-of-15-no2-to-15-nh2oh-and-15-no-a-mass-1k91xuah.png Fig. 1. Reduction of 15 NO2 - to 15 NH2OH and 15 NO: (a) Mass chromatogram of NH2OH derivatives. Liquid sample collected during the anoxic incubation shown in the panel (b) was derivatised using acetone for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. 14NH2OH derivative (C3H7 14NO, molecular weight =73) showed mass peaks at m/z = 42, 58 and 73. Occurrence of peak shifts with m/z = 1 interval (i.e. m/z = 43, 59, and 74) indicated 15NH2OH formation. (b) 15NO2 - reduction to 15NH2OH. The cells were anoxically incubated in 12.5-ml glass vials with addition of 14NH4 + (2 mM), 15NO2 - (2 mM), 14NH2OH (0.1 mM), and acetylene (50 µM). 15NO2 - (triangle) and 15NH2OH (circle) concentrations and 15N/14N isotopic ratio of NH2OH (square) were determined in time course. Error bars represent standard deviations obtained from triplicate vials. Both the 15NO2 - reduction and 15NH2OH accumulation were not detectable in vials without biomass. 15NO accumulation was not detectable during the incubation. (c) 15NO2 - reduction to 15NO by “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” cells. The anoxic incubation was repeated with 14NO (10 µM) as a pool substrate instead of 14NH2OH. A trace amount of 15NO gas production was determined in time course. Error bars represent standard deviations obtained from triplicate vials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-purification-and-characterization-of-candidatus-2es2qkku.png Fig. 2. Purification and characterization of “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” hydrazine synthase (Hzs): (a) Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of a protein fraction of “Ca. B. sinica” Hzs purified by gel chromatography (lane S) with molecular size standard markers (lane M, unit: kDa). Three prominent protein bands (i.e., B1, B2 and B3) appeared at 85, 45 and 36 kDa, respectively. The protein bands were excised and subjected to peptide mass fingerprint https://scispace.com/papers/hygrothermal-aging-of-polyimide-matrix-composite-laminates-1qqw905nl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-microcracking-toughness-gmc-as-a-function-of-aging-3fbo80bt.png Fig. 3. The microcracking toughness, Gmc as a function of aging time for Avimid R© K3B/IM7 laminates at 80◦C for water immersion or for various levels of relative humidity. The smooth lines are fits to first-order hydrolysis analysis with threshold water concentration for the onset of degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-density-of-microcracks-as-a-function-of-applied-e173nd83.png Fig. 2. The density of microcracks as a function of applied stress for unaged (filled symbols) and aged Avimid R© K3B/IM7 laminates. The aging was for various amounts of time at 80◦C while immersed in water. The smooth lines are fits to microcracking theory which were used to determine microcracking toughness as function of aging time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-extent-of-hydrolysis-damage-was-assumed-to-be-3lmrmy6x.png Fig. 7. The extent of hydrolysis damage was assumed to be proportional to the total water exposure above a threshold water concentration. The total exposure at time t is the shaded area bounded by the water uptake curve, the threshold water content, [H2O]thres between the times tthres and t. The “approximation error” is the white area between the water uptake curve and the dotted rectangle surrounding the shaded area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-microcracking-toughness-gmc-as-a-function-of-aging-y1gjc73d.png Fig. 4. The microcracking toughness, Gmc as a function of aging time for Avimid R© K3B/IM7 laminates while immersed in water, but aged at various temperatures. The smooth lines are fits to first-order hydrolysis analysis with threshold water concentration for the onset of degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-diffusion-constant-etc-water-content-in-weight-2rw39mvx.png Table I. Diffusion constant etc. Water content in weight percent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-density-of-microcracks-as-a-function-of-applied-270s0479.png Fig. 5. The density of microcracks as a function of applied stress for unaged (filled symbols) and aged PETI5/IM7 laminates. The aging was for various amounts of time at 80◦C while immersed in water. The smooth lines are fits to microcracking theory which were used to determine microcracking toughness as function of aging time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-hygrothermal-aging-master-plot-for-avimid-r-c-k3b-3j3gmigo.png Fig. 8. A hygrothermal aging master plot for Avimid R© K3B/IM7 laminates. The reference conditions were water immersion at 80◦C. The effective times for experiments at other conditions were calculated as described in the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-comparison-of-the-microcracking-toughness-gmc-as-a-2sc1z2ac.png Fig. 6. A comparison of the microcracking toughness, Gmc, as a function of aging time for PETI-5/IM7 laminates and Avimid R© K3B/IM7 laminates at 80◦C while immersed in water. The smooth lines are fits to first-order hydrolysis analysis with threshold water concentration for the onset of degradation. https://scispace.com/papers/hygrothermal-viscoelastic-material-characterisation-of-4ayo8o03ls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimentally-determined-short-term-properties-of-2umhd4iz.png Table 1. Experimentally determined short-term properties of CelstranR© CFR-TP PA6-CF60-01 at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-poissons-ratio-values-of-celstranr-c-cfr-tp-32yp4k9i.png Table 2. Major Poisson’s ratio values of CelstranR© CFR-TP PA6-CF60-01 measured with DIC at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/hypervelocity-shock-layer-emission-spectroscopy-with-high-3gpv0fi7pz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-16-radiance-profiles-353-to-391-nm-3l7ty7iy.png Figure 3.16 Radiance profiles (353 to 391 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-15-spectra-past-model-edge-1i2d149s.png Figure 3.15 Spectra past model edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-spallation-from-surface-brightened-for-2i3ybwtk.png Figure 4.10 Spallation from surface (brightened for visibility). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-dimensions-in-mm-of-graphite-strip-2dyg6zmj.png Figure 6.2 Dimensions (in mm) of graphite strip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-sem-images-comparing-model-surface-before-and-3hsd3h4f.png Figure 5.11 SEM images comparing model surface before and after heating to 3280 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-cad-representation-of-slotted-cylinder-model-3p61q0yx.png Figure 6.1 CAD representation of slotted cylinder model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-expansion-tunnel-schematic-and-ideal-x-t-diagram-2vh79hy5.png Figure 3.2 Expansion tunnel schematic and ideal x-t diagram [77]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-18-dslr-images-of-strip-misalignment-due-to-thermal-1ml6vvtb.png Figure 6.18 DSLR images of strip misalignment due to thermal expansion and subsequent overcompensation. https://scispace.com/papers/hypothalamus-volume-in-men-investigating-associations-with-2253e93vhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-human-hypothalamus-panel-a-blue-is-located-near-1t2eb8p2.png Figure 1. The human hypothalamus (panel A, blue) is located near the basal forebrain. It is situated medially of the optic tracts (panel B; OT) and lateral of the third ventricle (3V) with three rostral to caudal sub-regions: anterior (Ant), tuberal (Tub), and posterior (Pos). Images were created using a combination of FreeSurfer (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 1999), ITK-SNAP (Yushkevich et al., 2006), and ParaView (Ayachit, 2015) as described by Madan, 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-transition-from-anterior-to-tuberal-hypothalamus-3onr5qal.png Figure 4a: Transition from Anterior to Tuberal Hypothalamus. From top: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-association-between-parenting-attitudes-and-total-3jsfwwqx.png Figure 3. Association between parenting attitudes and total hypothalamus volume. We found significant positive relationships between total hypothalamus volume and father’s enjoyment of the child (CEQ-D Delight) (A) and belief of the importance of a father’s role (ROFQ-D) (B). We further found a strong positive relationship between the tuberal hypothalamus and ROFQ-D scores (C). The red line represents the estimated association based on linear regression analysis; shaded areas are 95% CIs; dots show raw data. HT = Hypothalamus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-segmenting-the-third-ventricle-using-aparc-aseg-32sdtjps.png Figure 6. Segmenting the Third ventricle using aparc+aseg overlay as a guide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplots-of-raw-measurements-of-total-a-anterior-b-dis9ocg1.png Figure 2. Boxplots of raw measurements of total (A), anterior (B), Tuberal (C), and Posterior (D) hypothalamus volumes in fathers and non-fathers. The pattern of data indicates similar average total and regional hypothalamus volumes across both groups. HT = Hypothalamus https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-demographic-characteristics-and-between-group-1a5dgqbe.png Table 1 Sample demographic characteristics and between-group comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-from-left-1-the-ac-is-emerging-but-not-yet-14rolnjy.png Figure 2. Boxplots of raw measurements of total (A), anterior (B), Tuberal (C), and Posterior (D) hypothalamus volumes in fathers and non-fathers. The pattern of data indicates similar average total and regional hypothalamus volumes across both groups. HT = Hypothalamus https://scispace.com/papers/hypertonic-stress-promotes-the-upregulation-and-40r7jxdmxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hyperosmolality-promotes-zo-1-tyrosine-phosphorylation-3ducfhqg.png Fig. 5. Hyperosmolality promotes Zo-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Confluently grown mIMCD3 cells were exposed to isosmotic (basal) or hyperosmotic (NaCl or raffinose 450 mosm/kg H 2 O) conditions for different time intervals. Equal amounts of protein (500 g) were subjected to immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antiphosphotyrosine mouse antibody. Immune complexes were analysed by Western blot using an anti-Zo-1 antibody. - Actin was used as loading control. Cells treated with isotonic medium expressed a modest amount of tyrosine-phosphorylated Zo-1 (basal). High NaCl or raffinose induced a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Zo-1 after 6 h, which remained stable for the following 18 h. Semiquantitatively analysed data was collected from 4 independently repeated experiments. *  p ! 0.05 versus control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-osmolality-dependent-zo-1-mrna-induction-a-1tl0g561.png Fig. 1. Osmolality-dependent Zo-1 mRNA induction. a Concentration-dependent effect of hyperosmotic NaCl incubation (final osmolality 450–900 mosm/kg H 2 O) for 9 h on mRNA expression of target genes in confluent mIMCD3 cell monolayers. Pooled data (n = 4) are illustrated, and values are means 8 SE of target gene mRNA normalized to cyclophilin. *  p ! 0.05 versus control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hyperosmolality-increases-zo-1-protein-expression-3iznv05r.png Fig. 2. Hyperosmolality increases Zo-1 protein expression. Confluently grown mIMCD3 cells were exposed to isosmotic medium (basal) or high NaCl ( a ), raffinose ( b ) or urea ( c ) in a final osmolality of 450 mosm/kg H 2 O for different time intervals. Equivalent amounts of proteins (30 g) from total cell lysates were analysed by Western blot using an anti-Zo-1 antibody. -Actin served as loading control. a Compared with basal values, exposure to high NaCl ( a ) and raffinose ( b ) induced an increased Zo-1 protein expression. c Addition of urea did not influence Zo-1 protein expression. d The signals from 3 ( a , c ) or 4 ( b ) independently repeated experiments were quantified using the Meta Morph 4.6.9r software; *  p ! 0.05 versus control. https://scispace.com/papers/hysteresis-in-a-rotating-differentially-heated-spherical-1wx75kdav7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-codimension-2-hysteresis-bifurcation-showing-2pz25pi8.png Figure 3: The codimension 2 hysteresis bifurcation, showing the hysteresis loop as ∆T varies back and forth. The cusp shown in the (R,∆T ) parameter plane is the projection of the two curves of fold bifurcations onto this plane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-parameter-values-at-which-the-hysteresis-1g0qwlhj.png Table 2: Critical parameter values at which the hysteresis bifurcation occurs, for various values of N . The results provide evidence of O(h) convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-a-single-cell-circulation-pattern-22e8b4qk.png Figure 4: An example of a single-cell circulation pattern observed for heating parameter ∆T = 0.004, gap width R = 4, and rotation rate Ω = 0.03. (a) The stream function ξ; flow tends to follow contours, (b) the azimuthal (or zonal) velocity u, and (c) the temperature deviation T from the temperature prescribed on the lower boundary. The inner and outer boundaries have been mapped to r = 1 and r = 2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-an-example-of-a-single-cell-circulation-pattern-35mlvbjb.png Figure 10: An example of a single-cell circulation pattern observed for heating parameter ∆T = 0.001, gap width R = 35, and rotation rate Ω = 0.05. (a) The stream function ξ; flow tends to follow contours, (b) the azimuthal (or zonal) velocity u, and (c) the temperature deviation T from the temperature prescribed on the lower boundary. The inner and outer boundaries have been mapped to r = 1 and r = 2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-differentially-heated-rotating-spherical-shell-2jprs5ws.png Figure 1: A differentially heated rotating spherical shell rotated at rate Ω. The inner sphere is held at the temperature T = Tr −∆T cos(2θ), creating a differential heating between the equator and the pole (see text). Polar spherical coordinates are given by (r, θ, ϕ) as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-an-example-of-a-two-cell-circulation-pattern-1j8bubbp.png Figure 11: An example of a two-cell circulation pattern observed for heating parameter ∆T = 0.019, gap width R = 35, and rotation rate Ω = 0.05. (a) The stream function ξ; flow tends to follow contours, (b) the azimuthal (or zonal) velocity u, and (c) the temperature deviation T from the temperature prescribed on the lower boundary. The inner and outer boundaries have been mapped to r = 1 and r = 2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parameters-of-the-spherical-shell-and-fluid-used-216udus2.png Table 1: The parameters of the spherical shell and fluid used in the computations. See Section 2 for definitions of the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-temperature-profile-on-the-inner-10buofby.png Figure 2: Differential temperature profile on the inner boundary, proportional to the solar energy flux on the surface of a tilted rotating planet (case ∆T = 1, T0 = 20). https://scispace.com/papers/hysteresis-analysis-based-on-integral-quadratic-constraints-1b6tw147x5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-backlash-hysteresis-2lkeix2b.png Figure 1. Backlash hysteresis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-feedback-encapsulation-of-hysteresis-1ukhp51f.png Figure 2. Feedback “encapsulation” of hysteresis https://scispace.com/papers/i-m-losing-the-me-partners-experiences-of-engagement-with-1v0fl9povq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-barriers-and-enablers-of-progression-through-the-23v5uevx.png TABLE 2 Barriers and enablers of progression through the Needs and Entitlements Model (Fig.1) for partners of people with Parkinson’s https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-major-themes-and-sub-themes-3fcocauo.png TABLE 1 Categories, major themes and sub-themes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-needs-and-entitlements-model-for-partners-of-people-2398artv.png FIGURE 1 Needs and Entitlements Model for partners of people with Parkinson’s. https://scispace.com/papers/i-ll-have-the-ice-cream-soon-and-the-vegetables-later-a-2d5kkk4oe1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2v3ztlwm.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effects-of-order-lead-time-on-spending-and-mel6bgri.png Table 5. The Effects of Order Lead Time on Spending and Purchases of Want and Should Groceries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-outcome-measures-and-summaries-ysffw5yy.png Table 4. Correlations between Outcome Measures and Summaries of Spending on Each Category of Groceries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-delivery-lead-time-summary-statistics-1l1by5sg.png Table 2. Delivery Lead Time Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/icc-net-targeting-the-net-common-intermediate-language-from-4lidkq7gj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-msil-types-zohs430o.png Table I. MSIL types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lcc-net-compilation-pipeline-3o28hmw6.png Figure 4. lcc.NET compilation pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lcc-tree-ir-generic-operators-35dab7ti.png Figure 1. lcc tree IR generic operators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lcc-code-generation-functions-3pwhpial.png Figure 2. lcc code-generation functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-entry-point-file-generated-by-illink-2zxlzwot.png Figure 5. Entry-point file generated by illink. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-lcc-compilation-pipeline-in-traditional-2dy7eb8g.png Figure 3. The lcc compilation pipeline in traditional environments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-sample-execution-times-in-seconds-for-lcc-and-lcc-1rev7wmi.png Table II. Sample execution times in seconds for lcc and lcc.NET on a 7277-line input. https://scispace.com/papers/icelandic-grasslands-as-long-term-c-sinks-under-elevated-2gral9tqp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-768-1d4p2oeg.png Figures 768 https://scispace.com/papers/ics-protocol-fuzzing-coverage-guided-packet-crack-and-16xjun9frp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-data-model-m-used-in-peach-illustrated-as-a-3qdej6jj.png Fig. 1: Simple data model M used in Peach, illustrated as a tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-number-of-paths-covered-by-peach-and-peach-rgly5c0l.png Fig. 4: Average number of paths covered by Peach* and Peach within 24 hours for 10 repetitions on each ICS protocol program. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-peach-fuzzer-overview-including-coverage-based-3g6cwgg3.png Fig. 3: Peach* fuzzer overview, including coverage based valuable packets identification, packet cracking to get useful puzzles, and semantic aware new packets generation with necessary fixup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-peach-insights-crack-those-packets-that-trigger-new-2ttmj4xi.png Fig. 2: Peach* insights. Crack those packets that trigger new path into pieces, and construct higher quality new packets based on these pieces to trigger more new paths in the control flow graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vulnerabilities-exposed-by-peach-3n74ixwc.png TABLE I: Vulnerabilities Exposed by Peach* https://scispace.com/papers/identification-de-sources-electromagnetiques-multipolaires-bsd8v7n49o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-gauche-en-vue-de-face-le-capteur-cnm-dune-3kjxrx6s.png Figure 3. A gauche, en vue de face, le capteur Cnm d’une composante Anm, constitué de bobines (en noir et blanc), dessinées sur la sphère SM, de rayon r0 et centrée sur le D.S.T. A droite, la définition du repère de coordonnées utilisé https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-similitudes-entre-les-formes-des-harmoniques-70tqcaki.png Figure 5. Similitudes entre les formes des harmoniques sphériques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-description-dune-rotation-a-laide-des-angles-deuler-3r5onbe6.png Figure 6. Description d’une rotation à l’aide des angles d’Euler (α, β, γ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-representations-des-fonctions-harmoniques-1nqe40lw.png Figure 2a. Représentations des fonctions harmoniques sphériques réelles pour les cas où 4≤n et 0≥m . Le niveau de gris sur la sphère correspond à la valeur de la https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-systeme-de-mesure-de-la-norme-cispr-16-1-3-spires-262yhhy8.png Figure 1. Système de mesure de la norme CISPR 16-1 : 3 spires bl ndées en courtcircuit et de grand diamètre entourent le D.S.T. Les signaux sont extraits à l’aide de sondes de courant (C) [CIS02] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-jeu-des-8-nouveaux-capteurs-ux97d6ka.png Figure 8. Jeu des 8 nouveaux capteurs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capteurs-de-detection-c10-et-c20-et-leurs-2-1yhmd8mp.png Figure 4. Capteurs de détection C10 et C20 et leurs 2 composantes associées. Les positions des bobines sont symétriques par rapport à l’équateur https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-representations-des-fonctions-harmoniques-esmtycr9.png Figure 2a. Représentations des fonctions harmoniques sphériques réelles pour les cas où 4≤n et 0≥m . Le niveau de gris sur la sphère correspond à la valeur de la https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-a-core-periphery-structure-among-g0k1nwasbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coe-cients-of-optimized-core-membership-1uprnkjj.png Table 2: Correlation coe cients of optimized core membership vectors between di erent survey questions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bootstrap-distributions-as-histograms-of-the-3n2oof4w.png Figure 7: Bootstrap distributions as histograms of the correlation between the original ZEW Indicator and constructed indicators based on random samples of core (red) and periphery experts (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-six-month-di-erence-of-total-industrial-production-hi8r43fv.png Figure 8: Six-month di erence of total industrial production in Germany (Ŷt,t+6) as a measure of real economic progress during the following six months, 1992-2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-connection-between-experts-in-reduced-dataset-1b9bi8pr.png Figure 2: Connection between experts in reduced dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-binary-core-periphery-structure-for-responses-3efsrgix.png Figure 4: Binary core-periphery structure for responses concerning the expected economic situation in Germany in 6 months (Survey question 7) with a moderate (a) and a high penalty factor (b) for additional core members. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coe-cients-of-optimized-coreness-vectors-2j40h96c.png Table 3: Correlation coe cients of optimized coreness vectors between di erent survey questions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-prediction-hit-rates-of-individual-agents-mean-r3g1glci.png Figure 9: Prediction hit rates of individual agents, mean value of hit rates in title. Groups: All 372 agents of reduced data set (a), only 186 experts with continuous participation (b), 123 core members only (c) and 63 periphery members only (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-binary-core-periphery-structure-for-responses-2mcrytgu.png Figure 3: Binary core-periphery structure for responses concerning the expected economic situation in Germany in 6 months (Survey question 7) https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-a-loss-of-function-mutation-in-the-context-3ssyyr4xik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pedigrees-of-families-andmagnetic-resonance-images-34q2zcbs.png Figure 1. Pedigrees of Families andMagnetic Resonance Images of Affected Children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-modeling-ofmissense-variant-ingls-and-3i5sjyjk.png Figure 2. Molecular Modeling ofMissense Variant inGLS and Glutamine and Glutamate Analyses in Guthrie Cards of Family 2 https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-anaerobic-threshold-during-dynamic-2gvdwu91d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrams-of-k2-as-function-of-m-for-one-of-the-3949h9ch.png Figure 1: Diagrams of K2 as function of m for one of the individuals (ACC). https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-aqueous-reservoirs-in-poly-3naqa3veon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-release-of-bsa-in-ph-7-4-phosphate-buffer-from-pbca-1j7ms75p.png Fig. 6: Release of BSA in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer from PBCA nanocapsules (n=3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stability-of-microemulsion-and-polybutylcyanoacrylate-tzyr0be7.png Fig. 3: Stability of microemulsion and polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticule suspension over a 3 days period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nmr-spectrum-of-0-5g-blue-1-0g-red-and-1-5g-green-of-kzlo1mvf.png Fig. 7: NMR spectrum of 0.5g (blue), 1.0g (red) and 1.5g (green) of nanoparticle pellet. For visualization purpose, the red and green spectra are shifted by 0.25 and 0.5 ppm respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-represents-a-pseudo-ternary-phase-diagram-of-the-3hxh7ht7.png Fig. 1 represents a pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the mixture of Labrasol/ Plurol oleique CC497 (w/w, 1/1) as surfactants (top), Labrafac lipophile WL 1349 as oil (right), and water (left) at room temperature. A coarse emulsion was obtained in the turbid area whilst microemulsion was obtained in the rest of the diagram (clear limpid and translucent zone) (Fig 1-insert). The microemulsion transparency in this zone guaranteed stability and "nanodivision" of the aqueous phase. Indeed, the study of Sole et al [27] showed that the disappearance of the microemulsion clarity led to an increase of droplet size. Thus, the turbidity emergence was directly related to the increase of the microemulsion droplet size. Exploration of this pseudo-ternary phase diagram of a water-in-oil microemulsion enabled us to define a feasibility zone for the formation of nanocapsules containing up to 20% aqueous phase (Fig 1) , twice the amount usually incorporated in these type of formulations [6,12-16]. To our knowledge, only the work of Graf et al [10,11] reports the synthesis of poly(ethylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles obtained from bicontinuous microemulsions containing up to 30% of aqueous phase. However, the nanoparticles obtained from these bicontinuous microemulsions encapsulated less insulin than those obtained from water-in-oil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conductivity-of-microemulsion-as-a-function-of-water-325rp41w.png Fig. 2: Conductivity of microemulsion as a function of water concentration (%). Values represent mean±standard deviation, n=3. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-electronic-bonding-states-of-hydrogen-on-3rj1klo8y0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisonof-the-measured-a-and-the-calculated-b-4w71dtow.png FIG. 3. Comparisonof the measured~a! and the calculated~b! dispersionof cleanNi~110! along Ḡ2X̄. Labels1 to 6 mark the identifiedbands.Features1 and3 arethe exchange-splitNi dx22y2 bandswhich areschematicallysketchedin ~c!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-he-ia-photoemissionspectranearef-alongg2x-for-12uvoofv.png FIG. 2. ~a! He Ia photoemissionspectranearEF alongḠ2X̄ for cleanand hydrogensaturatedNi~110! at 150 K. Normal emission correspondsto Q50°. ~b! The samespectrain a grayscaledispersion plot down to 1.8 eV binding energy.Different featuresare labeled~seetext!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reciprocalspacefor-the-ni-110-surface-a-surface-2pqvdzxt.png FIG. 1. Reciprocalspacefor the Ni~110! surface.~a! Surface Brillouin zone indicating high symmetrydirections.~b! Brillouin zoneboundariesin the~001! plane.Thehatchedzonerepresentsthe free electronfinal statewavevectorsfor angle-scannedphotoemission with 21.2eV. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-candidate-flowering-and-sex-genes-in-white-1qk4xr4wwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sex-distribution-in-yam-d-rotundata-accessions-the-278079su.png Fig 2. Sex distribution in yam (D. rotundata) accessions. The proportion of male, female, monoecious, and nonflowering accessions among 1938 genebank accessions in (A) 2010 and (B) 2011 growing seasons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overview-of-the-qrt-pcr-validation-of-selected-24395otm.png Fig 6. Overview of the qRT-PCR validation of selected differential expressed genes. Relative quantities (RQs) of (A) Transketolase (TK), (B) Glutathione S-transferase-like (GST), and (C) Phytochrome interacting factor-3 (PIF3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multiple-correspondence-analysis-mca-of-sex-type-and-2hsw49s6.png Fig 3. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) of sex type and phenotypic traits in yam (D. rotundata). The pattern of relationship between individual plants (black triangles) and the 20 most discriminant morphological traits (red triangles) are provided. The blue circles with broken lines represent the three main cluster: Cluster I = nonflowering accessions (hastate leaf shape, absence of flowering during 2010 and 2011 with no information on inflorescence length, shape position and color); Cluster II = male accessions (purplish green with barky patches and no waxiness on stem, dark green leaf, white and pointing up inflorescence); Cluster III = male, female, and monoecious accessions (presence of both male and female flowers during 2010 and 2011 with many, short to intermediate, pointing downward, yellowish inflorescence, dark green leaf with cordate and sagittate leaf shapes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expression-levels-of-supersage-tags-with-respective-uem30e7b.png Table 2. Expression levels of superSAGE tags with respective candidate genes and biological roles in flower development across multiple species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-supersage-tags-generated-by-illumina-33rpqawn.png Table 1. Summary of SuperSAGE tags generated by Illumina sequencing of D. rotundata accessions representing different flowering groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-supersage-tags-in-flower-buds-of-three-1x3s5z0t.png Fig 4. Distribution of SuperSAGE tags in flower buds of three yam (D. rotundata) sex types. The unique tags, as well as tags shared among male, female and monoecious plants were presented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flower-types-in-yam-d-rotundata-a-example-of-flowers-3ntkbavd.png Fig 1. Flower types in yam (D. rotundata). (A) Example of flowers at early growth stage which also corresponded to the stage at which samples were collected for SuperSAGE analysis, (B) female flowers, (C) male flowers, and (D) monoecious plant with separate male (red arrow) and female (yellow arrow) flowers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-differentially-expressed-genes-in-flower-buds-of-three-3dngvppf.png Fig 5. Differentially expressed genes in flower buds of three yam (D. rotundata) sex types. The abundance of genes differential expressed in (A) male and female, (B) male and monoecious, and (C) female and monoecious flowers buds are shown. Differentially expressed tags are represented by red dots. Fold change values between groups are plotted against average log expression values (standardized read counts) The logFC indicates the fold changes of differential expression whereas logCPM indicate count per million or tag/gene abundance. The horizontal blue lines represent 4-fold changes. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-excitable-media-using-a-scalar-coupled-map-2a3upb8uvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-pattern-of-the-ghm-model-2mc34fjb.png Fig 5 Simulated pattern of the GHM model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-pattern-generated-using-the-fhn-model-component-u-1vbujwb9.png Fig 6 The pattern generated using the FHN model (component u) 0.1, 0.5, 1.6, 0, 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-local-dynamics-of-the-identified-model-i59nhnff.png Fig 12 Local dynamics of the identified model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-dynamics-of-the-fitzhugh-nagumo-model-with-0-1-0-2n2dzxzn.png Fig 1 Local dynamics of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model with 0.1, 0.5, 1.6, 0, 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-simulation-of-scml-model-21-35ih9dk4.png Fig 14 Simulation of SCML model (21) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-model-prediction-output-of-model-21-3qiuxmns.png Fig 13 Model prediction output of model (21) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-of-the-oregonator-model-component-u-0-01-1-1sglmryn.png Fig 4 Simulation of the Oregonator model (component u) 0.01, 1, 0.04, 0.008, 2 / 3, 0.1, 0dt dx q f Du Dw https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-red-green-and-blue-colour-component-of-a-pixel-in-the-yk7whkpb.png Fig 9 Red, green and blue colour component of a pixel in the BZ reaction In Fig 9, the blue intensity of the cells lays out a similar shape as the local dynamics https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-epitaxial-graphene-domains-and-adsorbed-4vovczmi9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-showing-the-arrangement-of-graphene-2hqxzi2u.png FIG. 3. Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of graphene, IFL, 2D, and 0D adsorbates corresponding to (a) Fig. 1 and (b) Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-experimental-results-and-model-1xcel4pw.png TABLE I. Comparison of experimental results and model predictions for the step height for Figs. 1 and 2. All height values are in picometers and the minus sign signifies that the 1LG domain is below the 2LG domain. The model results show a range of possible options for the height between the graphene domains as theorised by the referenced works. The corrected values simply add 400 pm to the 1LG to give recalculated step heights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-area-of-1lg-and-2lg-domains-without-significant-0d-1uv6rk8s.png FIG. 2. Area of 1LG and 2LG domains without significant 0D adsorbate decoration. Top row left to right: topography, deflection error, and EFM phase images. The scale bar is 1 lm. Middle row: region A showing 1LG and 2LG domains. Bottom row: region B showing a 1LG domain only. For middle and bottom rows left to right: topography, step height profile, and histogram obtained from the dashed box in the topography image. The colored/white lines and frame highlight the location of corresponding profiles and the dotted black line shows the histogram area. On both histograms: the green lines show the Gaussian fits to individual peaks, whereas the red line shows a multiple peak fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-area-of-1lg-and-2lg-domains-where-the-1lg-is-decorated-2qnuh2p7.png FIG. 1. Area of 1LG and 2LG domains, where the 1LG is decorated with 0D adsorbates. Top row left to right: topography, deflection error, and EFM phase images. The scale bar is 1 lm. Middle row: region A showing 1LG and 2LG domains. Bottom row: region B showing a 1LG domain only. For middle and bottom rows left to right: topography, step height profile, and histogram obtained from the dashed box in the topography image. The colored/white lines and frame highlight the location of corresponding profiles and the dotted black lines show the histogram areas. On both histograms: the green lines show the Gaussian fits to individual peaks, whereas the red line shows a multiple peak fit. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-fluency-and-word-finding-difficulty-in-1vg1grtxfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-sources-and-statistics-for-the-five-38wxmxrn.png Table 2. Summary of sources and statistics for the five target languages spoken by children in the report. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-orthographic-and-phonetic-transcriptions-of-two-1a2ql6co.png Table 3. Orthographic and phonetic transcriptions of two-, three-, four-, and five syllable CNRep non-words. Two and three syllable non-words are given in the top section with orthographic forms to the left and phonetic forms to the right. Four and five syllable non-words are given in a similar way in the bottom section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-for-the-four-multiple-regression-models-249ahkgp.png Table 5. Statistics for the four multiple regression models fitted to the data. Models 1 and 2 predicted UNWR scores and models 3 and 4 predicted CNRep scores. The first model in each pair used %SS and the second used %WWR as predictors. Language group was included in all models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimal-hurdle-model-neighborhood-estimates-with-19nnqinm.png Table 4. Optimal Hurdle Model – Neighborhood Estimates with Phoneme Edit Distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-about-here-xhwxfh95.png Table 5. Statistics for the four multiple regression models fitted to the data. Models 1 and 2 predicted UNWR scores and models 3 and 4 predicted CNRep scores. The first model in each pair used %SS and the second used %WWR as predictors. Language group was included in all models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-density-plot-of-neighbour-counts-with-phoneme-edit-16yo41oh.png Figure 2: Density Plot of Neighbour Counts with Phoneme Edit Distance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orthographic-and-phonetic-transcriptions-of-two-p0ejyvg1.png Table 1. Orthographic and phonetic transcriptions of two-, three-, four-, and five syllable UNWR non-words. Two and three syllable non-words are given in the top section with orthographic forms to the left and phonetic forms to the right. Four and five syllable non-words are given in a similar way in the bottom section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neighbourhood-estimates-with-phoneme-edit-distance-3k7fxguq.png Figure 1: Neighbourhood Estimates with Phoneme Edit Distance – Repetition Set (2) × Vowel Reduction (2) × Lexicon (5) × Syllable Size (4) https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-genetic-loci-associated-with-different-3wbq9adopt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-correlations-between-human-snap29-mrna-3kvl1dmd.png Table 3. Univariate correlations between human SNAP29 mRNA expression and parameters of obesity, fat distribution, glucose and lipid metabolism and adipokines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anthropometric-and-metabolic-characteristics-of-the-oxevzly6.png Table 4. Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study groups. (n=234). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-high-fat-diet-induced-body-weight-gain-in-backcross-ms715xfe.png Table 1. High fat diet induced body weight gain in backcross hybrids and parental control strains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-organ-masses-and-fasting-serum-3ug95aaa.png Table 2. Specific organ masses and fasting serum concentrations in BC1 hybrids and parental control strains. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-klebsiella-pneumoniae-complex-members-etgg9f5boy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-peak-positions-m-z-for-each-of-the-klebsiella-1j5o01kl.png FIGURE 1 | Peak positions (m/z) for each of the Klebsiella pneumoniae complex strains. Stars denote those peaks that are useful for discrimination among phylogroups, as detailed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maldi-tof-mass-spectrometry-peak-biomarkers-useful-obpa6cnr.png TABLE 1 | MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry peak biomarkers useful to discriminate Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroups. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-soil-factors-that-relate-to-plant-1rfpojkdje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-z-average-exchangeable-calcium-and-magnesium-meq-in-2mmpwi3g.png Table 3 Ž .Average exchangeable calcium and magnesium meq% in the Ž . Ž .sample with low y and high q population of P. coffeae, for D. alata and D. cayenensis-rotundata https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-species-and-genera-of-plant-parasitic-4gcrw5r1.png Table 1 List of species and genera of plant parasitic nematodes found in yam and tomato crops in Martinique https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-characteristics-of-the-coinertia-t3y63h6a.png Table 2 Statistical characteristics of the coinertia analysis https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-subsurface-structures-using-3qsxj4zr14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-20-example-1-a-ps1-b-ps2-and-c-q1-r-c-a-example-2-d-q2-3819g8zy.png Fig. A.20. Example 1: (a) Ψ1; (b) Ψ2; and (c) q1 (r; c,a). Example 2: (d) q2 (r; c,a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-21-example-2-a-ps1-b-ps2-c-ps3-and-d-ps4-g06sv46u.png Fig. A.21. Example 2: (a) Ψ1; (b) Ψ2; (c) Ψ3; and (d) Ψ4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-a-vertical-cross-section-with-rlhmh2bc.png Fig. 4. Experimental setup: (a) vertical cross-section with inversion domain, (b) horizontal positions of sea floor receivers (black crosses) and source (red diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-inversion-result-of-test-case-3-using-observed-data-182dez9t.png Fig. 14. Inversion result of test case 3 using observed data with shape prior regularization: (a) final model, (b) I01 , I 0 2 and I 0 3 of final model (solid black) and reference model (dashed red), (c) log-objective function values versus iteration count. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-inversion-result-of-test-case-4-using-only-observed-2f3o8zue.png Fig. 16. Inversion result of test case 4 using only observed data: (a) final model, (b) I01 , I 0 2 and I 0 3 of final model (solid black) and reference model (dashed red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-test-case-4-projection-onto-the-first-two-principal-174q6cmt.png Fig. 17. Test case 4. Projection onto the first two principal components (ζ1 and ζ2) of the training data set. Pinchout training data subset (blue squares); training data subset similar to the reference model (green circles), and; evolution of ak during inversion with: (a) observed data only; and (b) observed data with shape prior regularization (contours of Jprior are also shown). Iterates are shown as red diamonds, but with the first iteration in magenta and the last iteration in black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-test-case-4-a-reference-model-b-and-c-the-two-sets-of-2tilxosa.png Fig. 15. Test case 4: (a) reference model, (b) and (c) the two sets of training data (grey), and I01 , I 0 2 and I 0 3 for the reference model (dashed red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-inversion-result-of-test-case-2-using-only-observed-2vmfaaaq.png Fig. 9. Inversion result of test case 2 using only observed data: (a) final model, (b) I01 , I 0 2 and I 0 3 of final model (solid black) and reference model (dashed red), (c) log-objective function value versus iteration count. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-the-repressive-domain-of-the-negative-2bjumbu023 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chrono-deletion-gives-rise-to-longer-period-in-2-s-2wahe5jf.png Figure 5. chrono deletion gives rise to longer period in 2- S cell line. ( ) Sequence align ent between wild-type and chrono−/−bmal1Luc cells showed that the knockout cell line is heterozygous with four bases deleted in one allele and one base insertion in the other. (B) These indels caused early termination of translation through sequence analysis. Corresponding amino acid sequences are presented underneath the nucleotide sequences. Asterisk marksindicate the stop codons caused by the indels. (C) Representatives of raw bioluminescence data from U2-OS cells expressing BMAL1:dLUC reporter are plotted for both WT and chrono−/−bmal1Luc cell lines. (D) Period measured by Lumi Cycleluminometer is plotted using nine repeats from each cell line. Graphpad Prism 5 was used to generate graphs/plots and perform statistical analysis (2-tailed unpaired t-test). *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chrono-deletion-gives-rise-to-longer-period-in-u2-2dtmgaam.png Figure 5. chrono deletion gives rise to longer period in 2- S cell line. ( ) Sequence align ent between wild-type and chrono−/−bmal1Luc cells showed that the knockout cell line is heterozygous with four bases deleted in one allele and one base insertion in the other. (B) These indels caused early termination of translation through sequence analysis. Corresponding amino acid sequences are presented underneath the nucleotide sequences. Asterisk marksindicate the stop codons caused by the indels. (C) Representatives of raw bioluminescence data from U2-OS cells expressing BMAL1:dLUC reporter are plotted for both WT and chrono−/−bmal1Luc cell lines. (D) Period measured by Lumi Cycleluminometer is plotted using nine repeats from each cell line. Graphpad Prism 5 was used to generate graphs/plots and perform statistical analysis (2-tailed unpaired t-test). *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cd-spectra-ofmaltose-binding-protein-mbp-mbp-chrh-1p2f7y7a.png Figure 2. CD spectra ofmaltose binding protein (MBP), MBP-CHRH, and MBP-CHRH3.MBP-CHRH (A) and MBP-CHRH3 (B) purified by gel filtration chromatography. According to the calibration (molecular weight standards were labeled with light blue lines), MBP-CHRH3 has a larger molecular weight than MBP-CHRH. We collected proteins at the peak area for subsequent experiments. (C) According to the result of secondary structure prediction from PSIPRED, CHRH, from 111~196, is mainly composed of α-helix motifs; CHRH3, from 111~264, has extra coils and β-strand motifs in comparison to CHRH. (D) Curves of the CD spectra and (E) comparisons of the secondary structure contents between MBP, MBP-CHRH, and MBP-CHRH3 proteins. MBP-CHRH and MBP-CHRH3 have similar contents of helixes, while MBP has less helical contents. At least three independent experimental repeats were done for each variant. Graphpad Prism 5 was used to generate graphs/plots and perform statistical analysis (2-tailed unpaired t-test). *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cd-spectra-ofmaltose-binding-protein-mbp-mbp-chrh-3ldz2gpm.png Figure 2. CD spectra ofmaltose binding protein (MBP), MBP-CHRH, and MBP-CHRH3.MBP-CHRH (A) and MBP-CHRH3 (B) purified by gel filtration chromatography. According to the calibration (molecular weight standards were labeled with light blue lines), MBP-CHRH3 has a larger molecular weight than MBP-CHRH. We collected proteins at the peak area for subsequent experiments. (C) According to the result of secondary structure prediction from PSIPRED, CHRH, from 111~196, is mainly composed of α-helix motifs; CHRH3, from 111~264, has extra coils and β-strand motifs in comparison to CHRH. (D) Curves of the CD spectra and (E) comparisons of the secondary structure contents between MBP, MBP-CHRH, and MBP-CHRH3 proteins. MBP-CHRH and MBP-CHRH3 have similar contents of helixes, while MBP has less helical contents. At least three independent experimental repeats were done for each variant. Graphpad Prism 5 was used to generate graphs/plots and perform statistical analysis (2-tailed unpaired t-test). *** p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-co-immunoprecipitation-co-ip-assays-indicate-that-39xqtc1f.png Figure 3. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays indicate that the helix-rich domain is necessary for CHR/BMAL1 interaction. (A) Full-length CHR fused with cpVenus could be immunoprecipitated by full-length BMAL1 fused with a 5Myc-6His-tag when both constructs were co-transfected in HEK 293T cells. The cellular extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc antibodies and detected by using anti-GFP antibodies. (B) CHRN, CHRH, and CHRC were not able to be immunoprecipitated by full-length BMAL1 when they were individually co-transfected with BMAL1 in HEK 293T cells. Consistent with the luciferase reporter assays, CHRHC. (C) and its shortened truncations, CHRH3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-ip-and-if-immunofluorescence-suggest-that-the-c-2g2g1gs3.png Figure 4. Co-IP and IF (immunofluorescence) suggest that the C-terminus rather than other regions of BMAL1 interacts with CHR. (A) The unique region of BMAL1 reported by previous study (14), from 514 to 594, could not pull down CHR in HEK293T cell extracts. (B) The N-terminus of BMAL1 is not able to be co-immunoprecipitated with full-length CHR either when both were co-transfected in HEK293T cells. (C) However, a construct of the intact C-terminus of BMAL (from 490 to 626) named as BMAL1-Clong (BMAL1Cl) is able to precipitate full-length CHR in HEK293T cells. (D) BMAL1-C short (BMAL1Cs, from 579 to 626), the distal C-terminal domain of BMAL1, is sufficient to immunoprecipitateCHR from HEK293T cell extracts when both BMAL1Cs and CHR were co-transfected. (E) Via disruption of the IxxLL motif in the TAD domain at BMAL1′s distal C-terminus via Leucine-to-Alanine mutations at 606 and 607 sites, full-length CHR was not able to be precipitated using anti-Myc antibodies that successfully pulled down 5M6H tagged BMAL1 proteins. (F) BMAL1s could weakly precipitate with the minimum repressing domain of CHR (CHRH3) using anti-Myc antibodies, which agrees to the luciferase reporter assays. (G) In comparison to CHRH3, more CHRH4 was precipitated by BMAL1Cs. (H) In line with these IP results, immunofluorescence (IF) confirmed the interactions between BMAL1-Cs and full-length CHR and the minimum repressor CHRH3, while CHR failed to co-localize with BMAL1-C (514~594). Bar =10 μm. Note that an unspecific band appeared when the short forms of BMAL1 C-terminus was used in the IP assays. Asterisk marks in panels (A) and (D) designate unspecific precipitated products using anti-myc antibodies that ran at the same position with 5M6H-BMAL1C or short version of BMAL1C. A few dots in panel C appeared due to contamination during the immunoblotting process. At least two independent experiments were carried out as repeats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-olecular-repression-odel-of-ho-functions-as-a-3bmcv6iy.png Figure 7. olecular repression odel of ho functions as a repressor in the mammalian circadian clock. uri g repressio , P 2 can for large co plexes to recruit (defined in the Abbreviations) or displace the B/C complex away from chromatin; CRY interacts with BMAL1 to restrict it from transcriptional co-activators; CHR binds to BMAL1 to either recruit HDAC or disrupt the recruitment of co-a tivators. PER proteins as ociate with the PAS domain of BMAL1; CRY1 binds to the TAD domain in the distal C-terminus of BMAL1.At different circadian phases, CHR binds to the TAD domain in the distal C-terminus of BMAL1. Under these diff rent interacting modes, PER, CRY, and CHR function differentially to repress the circadian lock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-molecular-repression-model-of-how-chr-functions-wsv9kci3.png Figure 7. olecular repression odel of ho functions as a repressor in the mammalian circadian clock. uri g repressio , P 2 can for large co plexes to recruit (defined in the Abbreviations) or displace the B/C complex away from chromatin; CRY interacts with BMAL1 to restrict it from transcriptional co-activators; CHR binds to BMAL1 to either recruit HDAC or disrupt the recruitment of co-a tivators. PER proteins as ociate with the PAS domain of BMAL1; CRY1 binds to the TAD domain in the distal C-terminus of BMAL1.At different circadian phases, CHR binds to the TAD domain in the distal C-terminus of BMAL1. Under these diff rent interacting modes, PER, CRY, and CHR function differentially to repress the circadian lock. https://scispace.com/papers/identify-phage-hosts-from-metaviromic-short-reads-based-on-5csk4syls9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-genus-accuracies-of-hophage-and-related-tools-on-3t0jjzdp.png Fig. 6. Genus accuracies of HoPhage and related tools on contigs from three real virome samples. ‘C+P+E’ indicates the overall accuracy of all three genera, while ‘Cellulophaga’, ‘Pseudoalteromonas’, and ‘Escherichia’ are calculated separately. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-accuracy-of-hophage-at-the-genus-level-hcr4m07v.png Table 1. Prediction accuracy of HoPhage at the genus level with different weights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-flowchart-of-hophage-hophage-g-is-first-used-to-4k8h1ctl.png Fig. 2. The flowchart of HoPhage. HoPhage-G is first used to predict the host of given phage fragments, then how to use HoPhage-S depends on the score of HoPhage-G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-confusion-matrices-of-hophage-g-on-longer-phage-2363euu3.png Fig. 4. Confusion matrices of HoPhage-G on longer phage fragments. ‘Inf’ means that the pair of phage fragment and host genus has an infection relationship while ‘Uninf’ means that there is no infection relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-prediction-accuracies-of-hophage-on-longer-phage-18i50h4w.png Fig. 5. Prediction accuracies of HoPhage on longer phage fragments and comparison with the related tools. A, B are the accuracies of the top 1 prediction of host genus of HoPhage-S, WIsH, VHM-Net and VHM on 1200-3000, 3,000-5,000, respectively. Orange, blue, brown, green lines represent the results of HoPhage, WIsH, VHM-Net and VHM, respectively. The solid lines with error bars are the average accuracy of 20 randomly selected data. The light-colored area indicates the range of prediction accuracies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-phylogenetic-tree-constructed-by-the-dna-sequence-of-1j3lrdzu.png Fig. 8. Phylogenetic tree constructed by the DNA sequence of ‘holin’ genes from phages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-potential-of-phage-genes-annotated-with-different-1jbi64m8.png Fig. 7. The potential of phage genes annotated with different keywords in identifying host. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-of-hophage-on-artificial-phage-fragments-21oji4dr.png Fig. 3. Performance of HoPhage on artificial phage fragments. Prediction accuracies of HoPhage at different taxonomic levels and comparisons with related tools. VHM-Net: VirHostMatch-er-Net, VHM: VirHostMatcher. The solid lines with error bars are the average accuracy of 20 randomly selected data. The light-colored area indicates the range of prediction accuracies. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-two-bright-z-3-submillimeter-galaxy-1c1hj11qpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multi-wavelength-photometrya-1ao8jpta.png Table 1 Multi-wavelength Photometrya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-postage-stamps-centered-at-the-position-of-the-sma-3al8w76v.png Figure 1. Postage stamps centered at the position of the SMA detections. Images are 14′′ × 14′′ in size. The images to the left show the SMA 890 μm emission at significance levels of −4σ , −2σ , 2σ , 4σ , 6σ , 8σ and 10σ (see the text). Solid and dashed contours represent positive and negative fluxes, respectively. The red 2′′ diameter circle represents the position of the SMA detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-k-band-8-x-8-postage-stamp-images-centered-at-the-2ewmjxuq.png Figure 2. K-band 8′′ × 8′′ postage stamp images centered at the position of the SMA detections of MM1 (left) and MM14 (right), with K-band white contours overlaid at 2σ , 3σ , 4σ , and 5σ levels. Green contours represent the HST F814W image smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of 3 pixels (0.′′15) at 2σ , 3σ , 4σ , and 5σ levels. The red contours represent the 890 μm emission with levels as in Figure 1. The K-band image for MM14 has also been smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of 3 pixels (0.′′45) to enhance the significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photometric-redshift-results-top-the-kh2-values-as-2b34ygjs.png Figure 4. Photometric redshift results. Top: the χ2 values as a function of redshift obtained by fitting the optical photometry with the Bruzual & Charlot (2003) templates (black curves) and the SWIRE templates (red curves) for MM1 (left) and MM14N (right); and by fitting the UV-to-mm photometry with the SWIRE templates (green curves) for MM1. Bottom: SED of MM1. The colors represent the different template libraries used. The gray curve shows the best-fit dust model to the far-IR data at z = 3–5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-redshift-estimation-based-on-the-submm-to-radio-jzyl8end.png Figure 3. Redshift estimation based on the submm-to-radio flux ratio. The solid line represents this ratio computed for the IR luminous starburst galaxy Arp220 (which roughly has Tdust = 45 K). The filled area shows the flux ratio obtained for similar models with dust temperatures from 30 to 60 K. Dashed horizontal lines show the flux ratios measured for the radio-identified submm sources with SMA detections (Younger et al. 2007, 2009) and for the high-redshift SMGs HDF 850.1 and GN20 (Cowie et al. 2009; Iono et al. 2006). The upper pointing arrow represents the lower limit in the flux ratio for MM14S. https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-collagen-bundles-in-the-most-superficial-layer-3qy75a5n9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-mbi-of-collagen-fibres-up-to-about-80um-deep-b-a-6snqxtds.png Fig. 1 (a): A MBI of collagen fibres up to about 80µm deep. (b): A MBI reconstructed from the slices containing the interwoven collagen bundles after application of a rolling ball algorithm and contrast enhancing function to reduce the randomly distributed electronic noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-graph-indicates-that-collagen-bundle-b-in-fig-1-b-2j9pk09r.png Fig. 6 The graph indicates that collagen bundle B in Fig. 1 (b) has a slope of about -1.0219 to the x-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-graph-indicates-that-collagen-bundle-c-in-fig-1-b-3awpa9gd.png Fig. 7 The graph indicates that collagen bundle C in Fig. 1 (b) has a slope of about -0.2182 to the x-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-brightness-histogram-of-fig-1-a-b-the-brightness-1eiqcjun.png Fig. 2 (a): the brightness histogram of Fig 1(a). (b): the brightness histogram of Fig. 1(b). In comparison, the energy of Fig. 2(b) is much convergent than that in Fig. 2(a), demonstrated by the reduced standard deviation range. https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-interpersonal-distance-using-systemic-features-457fp8zxpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-accuracy-using-term-frequency-yi388c0x.png Table 1: classification accuracy using term frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interactant-portion-of-the-pronominal-and-2gjsjz0h.png Figure 1: The interactant portion of the Pronominal and Determination system https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-accuracy-using-system-contribution-3cdok3t3.png Table 2: classification accuracy using system contribution https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-latent-variables-in-dynamic-bayesian-networks-2mtcrstlno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-latent-dbn-structure-time-series-structures-using-1ctwd43f.png Figure 3 Latent DBN Structure: Time series structures using the IC*LS approach and Fully AutoRegressive dynamic links. The H, C, and O illustrate Hidden node, Comorbidity, and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bootstrap-coni-dence-interval-accuracy-sensitivity-2h4nxdjd.png Figure 7 Bootstrap Conï¬ dence Interval: accuracy, sensitivity, speciï¬ city, and precision of liver disease prediction (Visit-based). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-latent-variable-behaviour-for-predicting-the-onset-3dy4lz87.png Figure 6 Latent Variable Behaviour for predicting the onset of hypertension: Latent variable prediction pattern of hypertension over time (a patient follow-ups). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-dbn-latent-model-from-the-left-hand-side-in-the-bp1zgkpw.png Figure 9 A DBN Latent Model: From the left hand side, in the middle, and the right hand side demonstrate the patients history, the inferred latent variable probabilities, the prediction, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-latent-variable-behaviour-for-predicting-the-onset-3mfiogwt.png Figure 4 Latent Variable Behaviour for predicting the onset of Liver disease: A latent prediction pattern of liver disease over time (a patient follow-ups). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ic-ls-diagram-the-overall-strategy-of-the-proposed-2f0lnb98.png Figure 1 IC*LS Diagram: The overall strategy of the proposed predictive model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-prediction-probabilities-the-obtained-posteriors-2rvizg3b.png Figure 8 Prediction probabilities: The obtained posteriors for retinopathy, liver disease, and hypertension using Latent variable as the evidence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-latent-variable-behaviour-for-predicting-the-onset-ysjarwia.png Figure 5 Latent Variable Behaviour for predicting the onset of retinopathy: Latent variable prediction pattern of retinopathy over time (a patient follow-ups). https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-the-leaders-applying-diffusion-of-innovation-580k0orua9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weighted-perceptions-related-to-cycling-and-public-3axqszp9.png TABLE 2 Weighted Perceptions Related to Cycling and Public Bikeshare from 901 Vancouver Residents Responding to a Telephone Survey in September and October 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adoption-curve-characterising-population-segments-39dfrlmu.png FIGURE 1 Adoption curve characterising population segments likely to use the pubic bike share program, based on application of Diffusion of Innovation Theory (24) to data collected among 901 Vancouver residents responding to a telephone survey in September and October 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-characteristics-of-901-vancouver-residents-3m2f5a0n.png TABLE 1 continued … Characteristics of 901 Vancouver Residents Responding to a Telephone Survey in September and October 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/identity-crisis-a-theoretical-analysis-of-team-tuiokfahlx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-team-organisational-identification-definition-2izchy4h.png Figure 1: Team/organisational identification definition timeline https://scispace.com/papers/ideology-and-interests-in-the-rwandan-patriotic-front-17qdh8qola 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-songs-used-for-the-article-2gjay1om.png Table 1: songs used for the article https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characters-in-song-k-25phdbs3.png Table 2: characters in Song K https://scispace.com/papers/idiosyncratic-risk-and-the-manager-53odec007j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-comparative-statics-for-the-investment-1g1u0vsk.png Figure 1: Shows comparative statics for the investment incentive ω by varying independently fixed pay F (top row), equity pay θs (middle row), and volatility σ (bottom row), where the baseline parameter values represent the median firm (F = 0.17%, θs = 0.38%, σ = 0.174). For Column A, option compensation has been set to zero (θo = 0%). For Column B, option compensation has been set to its median value (θo = 0.83%). Dashed lines indicate a risk neutral manager (γ=0), and solid lines indicate a risk averse manager (γ=3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-scatter-plot-of-oit-and-option-compensation-the-3is3duq8.png Figure 10: Scatter Plot of ωit and Option Compensation. The figure shows a scatter plot of a firm’s estimated overinvestment incentive, ωit, on its CEO option compensation. The options compensation is measured as the number of shares in options held by the CEO as a fraction of the firm’s total shares outstanding. Each point represents a firm-year observation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-persistence-in-oit-this-figure-plots-average-oit-in-3iwwsf70.png Figure 6: Persistence in ωit. This figure plots average ωit in event time for firms sorted into quartiles based on ωit at event year 0. The construction is as follows. Each calendar year, firms are sorted into quartiles based on ωit. These bin assignments are retained for the subsequent ten years and the average ωit for each bin is calculated in each of these event years 0-10. This is repeated for every calendar year 1992-2002, which generates 11 averages for each quartile. Within each quartile, the 11 averages are averaged, and this quartile average is plotted in event time. Dashed lines show the 95% confidence intervals for each quartile. Firms do no switch bins once assigned, however, firms may drop out of the sample before event year 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-and-median-estimated-oit-by-credit-rating-32jrgug0.png Table IV: Mean and Median Estimated ωit by Credit Rating https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-statistics-for-investment-distortion-1cfo0fch.png Table II: Summary Statistics for Investment Distortion https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calibrated-model-parameters-n7eajw7o.png Table I: Calibrated Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-for-estimated-overinvestment-incentive-1kx59937.png Figure 4: Distribution for Estimated Overinvestment Incentive. The figure plots the distribution of the estimated overinvestment incentive, ωit. This represents the manager’s incentive to overinvest (underinvest for negative values) relative to the optimal investment policy that would be chosen by a diversified shareholder. The estimation is done for each firm and year in the sample. Details on the construction and estimation of ωit can be found in Section 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-of-the-cross-sectional-average-oit-the-3m8nei26.png Figure 5: Time Series of the Cross-Sectional Average ωit. The figure plots the time series of the cross-sectional average of the manager’s estimated overinvestment incentive, ωit. The units refer to an annual investment rate. For example, 0.014 corresponds to a manager having incentive to overinvest by 1.4 percentage points. https://scispace.com/papers/ignition-characteristics-of-dual-fuel-methane-n-hexane-2l0rdr4d94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-n-hexane-concentration-a-pressure-b-and-1w1c00c1.png Figure 2: Effect of n-hexane concentration (a), pressure (b) and equivalence ratio (c) on the first-stage and total ignition delay time of for CH4-C6H14-O2-diluent mixtures in a RCM. Lines correspond to the predictions of the LLNLMech. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparisons-between-the-experimental-and-numerical-1y6301io.png Figure 10: Comparisons between the experimental and numerical ignition delay time based on OH* emissions for rich CH4-C6H14-O2-diluent mixtures. CM: CaltechMech model; GM: GalwayMech; LM: LLNLMech. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-maximum-absolute-error-on-the-high-10fhnf9l.png Table 3: Mean and maximum absolute error on the high-temperature ignition delay time predicted by the three reaction models under ST conditions for CH4-C6H14-O2-Ar mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-and-mixture-compositions-3rw9rnjc.png Table 1: Experimental conditions and mixture compositions employed in the present work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-relative-population-rp-of-relative-error-on-1mofqcap.png Figure 11: Relative population (RP ) of relative error on ignition delay time in shock tube predicted by the three chemical kinetic mechanisms for CH4-C6H14-O2-Ar mixtures under ST conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-population-rp-of-relative-error-on-a-the-8e61hef6.png Figure 4: Relative population (RP ) of relative error on (a) the first stage and (b) the total ignition delay time predicted by the three chemical kinetic mechanisms for CH4-C6H14-O2-diluent mixtures under RCM conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-a-the-sensitivity-coefficients-on-gh3i6nrg.png Figure 5: Comparison of (a) the sensitivity coefficients on temperature and (b) OH, HO2 and H2O2 mole fraction profiles between Mixture 1 (10% n-hexane) and Mixture 2 (20% n-hexane) at P=1 MPa and T=745 K. Calculations were performed with the LLNLMech. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-key-reactions-for-ch4-during-i93ualfr.png Figure 7: Comparison of the key reactions for CH4 during first-stage and second-stage ignition between Mixture 1 (10% n-hexane) and Mixture 2 (20% n-hexane) at P=1 MPa and T=745 K. Calculations were performed with the LLNLMech. https://scispace.com/papers/igneous-garnet-and-amphibole-fractionation-in-the-roots-of-4y20362jbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-amphibole-mg-variations-as-a-function-of-temperature-a-3abdlpms.png Fig. 5 Amphibole Mg# variations as a function of temperature (a), Fe–Mg exchange ðK P Fe=Mg https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-molar-al-si-exchange-dkal-sid-th-between-experimental-2n18ik11.png Fig. 6 Molar Al–Si exchange ðKAl=Sid Þ between experimental amphiboles and liquids versus temperature. Dashed lines are eye-ball fits to different experimental series at different pressures. Solid lines connect experiments on three different compositions at 0.7 GPa and fO2 similar to our study (Sisson et al. 2005). Positive pressure dependence for a given composition can be observed. High-pressure amphiboles of this study show a higher KAl Sid ratio (1.2 GPa, Kd = 1.4) than the lower-pressure (0.8 GPa, Kd = 1.2) and the 0.2 GPa hydrous experiments (Kd = 0.94) of Sisson and Grove (1993a). However, experiments on 3 different compositions at a given pressure and fO2 similar to this study (QFM and BN experiments of Sisson et al. 2005) indicate that the Kd is also strongly composition dependent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-compositional-characteristics-of-derivative-liquids-2pq2vna9.png Fig. 11 Compositional characteristics of derivative liquids in an FeO*/MgO versus SiO2 diagram depicting the calc-alkaline/tholeiitic dividing line from Miyashiro (1974) and fO2 fields from Sisson et al. (2005) for high-silica liquids. Crosses within light shaded field: highly oxidized experiments (buffered by MnO–Mn3O4), diagonal crosses within darker shaded field: reduced experiments performed at QFM and BN from Sisson et al. (2005). Note that highly oxidized experiments tend to very low FeO*/MgO ratios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potential-localities-processes-where-garnet-could-be-318il0zy.png Fig. 1 Potential localities/processes where garnet could be involved in the genesis of andesitic magmas at convergent-plate margins (basic diagram modified after Kushiro 1987). Thin black lines are isotherms. See text for discussion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-garnet-composition-derived-from-this-nxmoy5f1.png Fig. 4 Experimental garnet composition derived from this study (0.8 and 1.2 GPa) compared to basaltic systems (Alonso-Perez 2006; Müntener et al. 2001) and to natural occurrences from island arc systems (Schroter et al. 2004; Ringuette et al. 1999; Weber et al. 2002). Garnet end-member compositions are calculated based on X-site occupancy (Ca, Fe2?, Mn, Mg). Note the shift towards the almandine-spessartine join for low-pressure (0.8 GPa) garnets (full symbols) with respect to the high-pressure (1.2 GPa) garnets (open symbols). Arrow indicates evolution of garnet compositions during isobaric cooling of the Jijal complex, Kohistan island arc (Müntener et al., unpublished data) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-liquid-lines-of-descent-at-0-8-and-1-2-gpa-projected-3vmwkh2z.png Fig. 10 Liquid lines of descent at 0.8 and 1.2 GPa projected into the Olivine–Cpx–Quartz pseudoternary system after Grove et al. (1992). The quenched glass compositions were recalculated into mineral end-member components and projected from spinel, plagioclase and K-feldspar onto the Ol–Cpx–Qtz plane of the basalt tetrahedron. Note that most of the derivative compositions are peraluminous (corundum-normative), a feature that has often been cited as evidence for crustal melting (Conrad et al. 1988) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-derivative-liquid-major-element-compositions-versus-mg-1xgji9zh.png Fig. 9 Derivative liquid major element compositions versus Mg#. SiO2 (a) and K2O (b) increase, whereas CaO (c) and TiO2 (d) decrease, with decreasing Mg# https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ft-ir-results-on-starting-materials-synthesized-at-1-1te319zj.png Table 4 FT-IR results on starting materials synthesized at 1.6 GPa, 1150 C for 30 minutes https://scispace.com/papers/ignition-delay-time-behind-reflected-shock-waves-of-small-10xj9m4yig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-normalized-emission-signals-and-predicted-d6ttor3d.png Fig. 7 Experimental normalized emission signals and predicted OH* profiles from Konnov and Blanquart mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-arrhenius-like-parameters-for-the-different-mixtures-1rldaqfi.png Table 2 Arrhenius-like parameters for the different mixtures studied https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-error-for-each-of-the-reaction-mechanisms-bxwrtfa4.png Table 3 Relative error (%) for each of the reaction mechanisms used in the present study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-emission-signals-and-predicted-oh-h-ch-2e68n0yk.png Fig. 12 Experimental emission signals and predicted OH*, H, CH profiles, and H and CH ROP profiles for experiments with pre-ignition emission https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mixture-compositions-and-experimental-conditions-3qlvnx0g.png Table 1 Mixture compositions and experimental conditions examined in the present study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-experimental-signals-and-definitions-of-the-2s1o9ebp.png Fig. 1 Typical experimental signals and definitions of the two characteristic times of reaction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-prediction-of-the-konnov-and-1lv5ik6r.png Fig. 6 Comparison between the prediction of the Konnov and Blanquart mechanisms and the experimental delay-times of small hydrocarbons– N2O(–O2) mixtures. Solid lines Blanquart. Dashed lines Konnov https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-temperature-derivative-profiles-and-energy-release-1pv8t5ei.png Fig. 11 Temperature derivative profiles and energy release per reaction analysis for experiments with single-peak emission profiles https://scispace.com/papers/illness-perceptions-associated-with-patient-burden-with-4mw7ltf3qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-mean-scores-on-the-illness-perception-3gkuto84.png Table 2 Comparisons of mean scores on the illness perception dimensions between three pain duration groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-associations-r-between-the-illness-3jh8dsh0.png Table 3 Univariate associations (r) between the illness perceptions and pain intensity or physical functioning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-final-model-multiple-linear-regression-of-illness-moyw1u08.png Table 4 Final model multiple linear regression of illness perceptions on pain intensity and physical functioning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-participating-uovx2yb4.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participating patients N ¼ 658. https://scispace.com/papers/image-based-identification-procedure-of-a-crack-propagation-40bofbs1v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-plot-of-the-quantity-a-for-the-final-values-of-the-5ohib85d.png Fig. 11. Plot of the quantity ∆a for the final values of the parameters for each method and the two propagation laws. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-log-log-plot-of-dam-dn-vs-km-for-a-typical-artificial-33eogqvz.png Fig. 3. Log-log plot of dam/dN vs. ∆Km for a typical artificial series including noise. The best fit is shown as a plain line, whereas the true imposed law is shown as a dotted line. The identified laws with procedures 1 and 2 are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines. They essentially coincide with the true law. Both procedures proposed herein are able to yield consistent results whereas a direct fit does not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-plot-of-the-error-x-for-the-first-iterations-for-2nupfkmf.png Fig. 8. (a) Plot of the error ξ for the first iterations for several values of υ (method 2, Paris’ law with threshold). (b) Error ξ versus iteration number for both methods and both types of fatigue laws. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-artificial-data-corresponding-to-the-measured-crack-1kumow2u.png Fig. 2. Artificial data corresponding to the “measured” crack tip position am (a) and SIFR ∆Km (b) including noise. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mechanical-and-microstructural-properties-of-czs69hvp.png Table 1 Mechanical and microstructural properties of commercially-pure titanium alloy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-true-stress-true-strain-response-of-commercially-pure-2knsrrne.png Fig. 5. True stress / true strain response of commercially-pure titanium tested in the rolling direction (a). Microstructure of the material (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-parameters-of-the-fatigue-crack-2ahe0x6b.png Table 2 Estimated parameters of the fatigue crack propagation laws for five different approaches when a is expressed in mm and ∆K in MPa √ m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-paris-plot-for-the-five-proposed-methods-direct-fit-of-2oogvoh0.png Fig. 9. Paris’ plot for the five proposed methods: direct fit of da/dN and analytical ∆K estimate, direct fit of da/dN and measured ∆K, fit of a(N) and ∆K [28], procedures 1 and 2. The raw data are those measured by an integrated DIC approach [28]. All plots are for a Paris’ law with no threshold. https://scispace.com/papers/image-encryption-and-the-fractional-fourier-transform-1eoglc65cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optical-encryption-decryption-scheme-for-method-3-vkf11uvj.png Fig. 8. Optical encryption/decryption scheme for method 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-graph-of-deviation-in-decryption-order-keys-for-method-3jb291px.png Fig. 7. Graph of deviation in decryption order keys for method 2 in the x direction from the correct values against the resultant MSE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-method-3-a-the-encrypted-image-0-5-0-5-0-5-0-5-0-5-0-5-139p93s3.png Fig. 9. Method 3: a) The encrypted image (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with a MSE = 5930.87; b) correctly decrypted (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with MSE = 0.00; c) incorrectly decrypted (0.7, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with MSE = 5063.37; d) incorrectly decrypted (0.5, 0.5, 0.7, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with MSE = 5841.08; e) incorrectly decrypted (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.7, 0.5) with MSE = 5896.61; f) decrypted using incorrect phase (second RPK in encryption process i.e. SLM3) with MSE = 5972.89. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-graph-of-deviation-in-decryption-order-keys-for-33yibhc0.png Fig. 23. Graph of deviation in decryption order keys for method 7 from the correct values against the resultant MSE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-simple-illustration-of-the-jigsaw-transform-used-in-2lubuhj7.png Fig. 24. Simple illustration of the Jigsaw transform used in method 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-method-8-a-the-input-image-after-the-first-16-16-16jte9lj.png Fig. 25. Method 8: a) The input image after the first 16 16 Jigsaw transform; b) correctly decrypted (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with MSE = 0.00; c) incorrectly decrypted (0.55, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with MSE = 3943.14; d) incorrectly decrypted (0.5, 0.5, 0.55, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5) with MSE = 5441.89; e) incorrectly decrypted (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.55, 0.5) with MSE = 5690.98; f) decrypted using incorrect phase key with MSE = 5937.99. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lohmanns-a-type-i-and-b-type-ii-optical-nu9e2pir.png Fig. 1. Lohmann’s a) Type I and b) Type II optical implementations of the FRT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-method-4-general-interative-encryption-scheme-17sifv5i.png Fig. 11. Method 4, general interative encryption scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/image-processing-for-pathological-visualization-in-3i4oy941ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-intertemporal-image-calibration-offset-taken-from-the-2ml8jzaj.png Fig. 1. Intertemporal image calibration offset taken from the centroids of the histogram representation of the segmented, emissively uniform, backgrounds of images taken from the same recruit during weeks 1, 4, 7, and 9 of their basic training, as detailed in [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detection-of-interest-points-in-a-pre-processed-tiri-a-1d3upj1g.png Fig. 3. Detection of interest points in a pre-processed TIRI (a) via the fast Hessian detector approximation (b) in OpenSURF. Detected interest points are plotted onto (a) in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-preprocessed-multitemporal-tiri-sequence-from-a-26kixx96.png Fig. 2. Preprocessed multitemporal TIRI sequence from a symptomatic participant [5]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cadaveric-excision-of-tissue-volumes-overlying-the-arrlohqu.png Fig. 8. Cadaveric excision of tissue volumes overlying the thermophysically distinct third of the anteromedial tibial diaphysis [16]; and conceptual visualization of high-fidelity 3D thermometric MRI volume generation and TIRI import. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surf-interest-point-descriptor-based-upon-haar-33zdu1na.png Fig, 4. SURF interest point descriptor based upon Haar wavelets [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-opensurf-based-generation-of-point-correspondences-and-2m09y9a7.png Fig. 5. OpenSURF-based generation of point correspondences and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-longitudinal-difference-imaging-in-a-gradually-3vjtix13.png Fig. 6. Longitudinal difference imaging in a gradually progressing pathological subject, showing a consistent site of emissive change overlying the anteromedial aspect of the tibia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optical-flow-visualization-of-the-progressive-zipping-2vpvw5eg.png Fig. 7. Optical flow visualization of the progressive ‘zipping up’ of the https://scispace.com/papers/image-quality-assessment-for-photo-consistency-evaluation-on-2yfrc2n8pp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-uqi-on-a-np-zone-at-the-top-the-region-z-1hjc7snv.png Figure 5: Example of UQI on a NP zone. At the top: the region z from the reference image I and the UQI means curve depending on λ. At the bottom: UQI(z, z̃) obtained over a NP zone for λ = 0.02 and for the ground truth λ⋆ = 0.46 where surface orientations are correctly estimated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-zones-classified-by-increasing-uqi-values-the-row-1-2xepi4qt.png Figure 6: Zones classified by increasing UQI values. The row 1 and 2 correspond to NP cases, and the last row is P cases. On each image pair, the maximum UQI value obtained is written at the bottom left of the zone z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-superpixel-analysis-and-presentation-of-the-iqa-2r4am0f8.png Figure 1: Superpixel analysis and presentation of the IQA evaluation protocol – It is based on a photo-consistency criterion IQA between a piece of the reference image z and its corresponding warped area z̃ estimated by the homography H induced by the plane of support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-obtained-results-on-all-data-6-measures-on-87-gnq7g5el.png Figure 7: Obtained results on all data (6 measures on 87 triangles). On the left: the ROC and on the right: the PR curves. Dot product-based measures (red curves) are more efficient than distance-based measures (blue curves) and UQI overcomes all the others measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-configuration-between-i-and-i-the-3d-points-qi-nbs59swv.png Figure 3: Configuration between I and I′: the 3D points Qi obtained by the 2D matched points qi ↔ q ′ i. It determines the regions of interest z and z′ to estimate the homography. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-regions-of-interest-z-of-the-reference-image-i-34io2zcg.png Figure 2: Two regions of interest z of the reference image I: (a) one planar and (b) one non-planar. The point qλ follows the line [q1q2]. The intersection of the two planes π1 ∩π2 is denoted qλ⋆ which corresponds to our ground truth, i.e. it delimits the edge between the two planes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-iqa-z-z-computation-euclidean-distancebased-cosine-2iktxg05.png Figure 4: IQA(z, z̃) computation (Euclidean distancebased/cosine angle distance-based measures) on a reference zone z centred on qi (in red) and on z̃ centred on q̃i (in blue). In RCr and RUQI, the point q̃ j corresponds to the more similar pixel in a r-neighbourhood, see § 2 for details. https://scispace.com/papers/image-transmission-in-sensor-networks-28o6zvnf8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-case-ii-equal-path-length-and-unequal-overlap-31k1z73k.png Fig. 4. Case II: equal path length and unequal overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-six-different-ways-of-transmission-1djmz4e4.png Fig. 2. Six different ways of transmission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-case-iii-unequal-path-length-and-overlap-1yglms0o.png Fig. 5. Case III: unequal path length and overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-model-2ybzbq62.png Fig. 1. Network Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-1mjczvj2.png TABLE I NOTATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-i-equal-path-length-and-overlap-3gshn2m3.png Fig. 3. Case I: equal path length and overlap. https://scispace.com/papers/imagined-social-structures-mirrors-or-alternatives-a-3wostxx1s0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-author-characteristics-and-average-characteristics-2e39dvid.png Table 1 Author characteristics and average characteristics of networks in books. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-similarity-of-dyads-in-networks-of-people-and-books-3jxus4qt.png Fig. 2. Similarity of dyads in networks of people and books (SSND n=967 and LIBRIS n=170). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-similarity-in-dyads-when-matching-books-and-people-ottphqrk.png Table 6 Similarity in dyads when matching books and people by author’s characteristics (mean, sd). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dyad-similarity-per-network-broken-down-by-1uv5b2wj.png Table 4 Dyad similarity per network, broken down by similarity categories SSND n=950, Libris n=170). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-demographic-characteristics-in-the-ssnd-libris-79r6z107.png Table 2 Basic demographic characteristics in the SSND, LIBRIS and in the population of the Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-in-the-network-composition-between-the-1tdsndmc.png Table 3 Differences in the network composition between the SSND and the LIBRIS. https://scispace.com/papers/imaging-the-antiparallel-magnetic-alignment-of-adjacent-fe-2js1xjosyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-fig-1-after-an-in-situ-annealing-of-the-sample-3slmzqr2.png FIG. 4. Same as Fig. 1, after an in situ annealing of the sample at T=65 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-bx-is-the-in-plane-component-1ro0u1x3.png FIG. 3. Color online Bx is the in-plane component perpendicular to the stripes of the dipolar field generated at the position of the central Fe layer by three -MnAs domains see sketch drawing . The width of the -MnAs stripe is w=280 nm and its thickness is c=70 nm. Bx is calculated as a function of a /b, either for a constant a=140 nm squares or for a constant b=560 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-intensity-profiles-taken-along-the-2417qy7y.png FIG. 2. Color online a Intensity profiles taken along the dashed lines of Fig. 1, at the Mn and Fe 2p resonances. b , percentage of antiparallel aligned Fe and -MnAs magnetic domains as a function of the domain area data from Fig. 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnetic-contrast-x-peem-images-obtained-at-the-mn-a-2hvx5hjx.png FIG. 1. Magnetic contrast X-PEEM images obtained at the Mn a and Fe b L3 resonance. The areas delimited by rectangles are shown on an enlarged scale. Dashed lines correspond to data shown in Fig. 2 a . https://scispace.com/papers/imf-dependence-of-energetic-oxygen-and-hydrogen-ion-2o0wixza0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asymmetry-index-of-the-h-and-o-under-different-imf-3hqphcrf.png Table 2. Asymmetry Index of the H+ and O+ Under Different IMF Directions for Four Different Z (GSM) Rangesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proton-intensities-with-energy-from-274-kev-to-962-al2u3c3m.png Figure 2. Proton intensities with energy from ~274 keV to ~962 keV under southward IMF with different By directions in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The value for each bin is calculated by using the median value of the intensities of the 2 RE × 2 RE square region when there are more than 10 measurements. Each panel is divided into six plasma sheet regions. They are (I) dayside dawn, (II) nightside near-Earth dawn, (III) tail dawn, (IV) dayside dusk flanks, (V) nightside near-Earth dusk, and (VI) tail dusk. Median values of the intensities along with the 95% confidence interval for each region are plotted in each panel. The gray circles with antiparallel arrows indicate quadrants where the magnetic shear angle becomes close to 180°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-format-is-identical-to-that-of-figure-2-but-for-3e1yf0i6.png Figure 5. The format is identical to that of Figure 2 but for oxygen ions with energy from ~274 keV to ~948 keV under northward IMFs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-earths-magnetic-field-and-the-draped-imfs-for-1loy3ef7.png Figure 6. The Earth’s magnetic field and the draped IMFs for each orientation. Shaded gray regions indicate under each IMF orientation where the most antiparallel components are located relative to the cusp region and also the diamagnetic cavity can form and trap the particles. The location of the Sun is indicated by the red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-format-is-identical-to-that-of-figure-2-but-for-1twrczlq.png Figure 3. The format is identical to that of Figure 2 but for the oxygen ions with energy from ~274 keV to ~948 keV under southward IMF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-values-of-the-energetic-ion-h-from-274-kev-to-39re31n4.png Table 3. Median Values of the Energetic Ion (H+ From 274 keV to 962 keV and O+ From 274 keV to 948 keV) Intensities [1/(cm2 sr s)] Correspond to the Different Regions in Figures 2–5 Under Four Different IMF Directionsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-format-is-identical-to-that-of-figure-2-but-for-nvp5r6wt.png Figure 4. The format is identical to that of Figure 2 but for the protons with energy from ~274 keV to ~962 keV under northward IMFs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-themagnetopause-shear-angle-under-imf-bz-0-by-0-bz-1wrgd9py.png Figure 1. Themagnetopause shear angle under IMF Bz< 0, By> 0, Bz< 0, By< 0, Bz> 0, By> 0, Bz> 0, By< 0 as seen from the Sun. The shear angleswere determined by the magnetic field direction of the T96model and median values (list in Table 3) of the solar wind conditions where our observations are made in Figures 2–5. Red areas represent magnetopause regions where the geomagnetic field and the IMF are antiparallel within 150° to 180°. White regions embedded in the red regions represent the line of maximum magnetic shear angles which are thought to be the most likely location for reconnection to occur. The black circle in each panel represents the location of the x = 0 plane, which separates the dayside magnetopause (inside the circle) from the nightside magnetopause (outside the circle) of the Earth. The values plotted over each panel are asymmetry indexes for protons in 0 RE < Z < 4 RE under southward IMFs and 4 RE < Z < 8 RE under northward IMFs. https://scispace.com/papers/iminopropadienones-rn-c-c-c-o-and-bisiminopropadienes-rn-c-c-ahg51l4cam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ir-spectra-ar-matrix-15-k-of-a-phnccco-1b-b-ph15nccco-3kq88ycw.png FIG. 4. IR spectra (Ar matrix, 15 K) of (a) PhNCCCO 1b, (b) Ph15NCCCO, and (c) PhNCC13CO in the cumulene region. The compounds were generated by FVT of 2b at 600 ◦C (cf. Figure S3). Peaks A: 2247; B: 2243; C: 2220; D: 2140; E: 2245; F: 2242; G: ∼2220; H: 2124; I: 13CO2 ; J: 2222; K: 2080 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-description-of-the-modes-involved-in-active-13tufqxi.png FIG. 5. Description of the modes involved in active fundamental overtones and combination bands in the 2100–2300 cm−1 region for 1b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-continued-q1ovqrzx.png FIG. 7. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ir-spectrum-of-men-c-c-c-o-1a-formed-by-fvt-of-5-137zl2gl.png FIG. 1. IR spectrum of MeN=C=C=C=O 1a formed by FVT of 5-[(dimethylamino)(methylamino)methylene]-Meldrum’s acid 4a at 800 ◦C and isolated in Ar matrix at 14 K. W: water; C: carbon dioxide (2345 and 2340 cm−1); CO: carbon monoxide (2138 cm−1); A: acetone (1721, 1361, 1216, 1094, and 883 cm−1); D: dimethylamine (3193, 2973, 2838, 2793, 2789, 1482, 1478, and 1457 cm−1); I: ketenimine intermediate I (Scheme 2) (2076 cm−1). Bands assigned to MeNC3O 1a: 2279 (vs)(νas NCCCO), 2269, 2243, 2224, 2214 (shoulder), 2184, 2163 (νs NCCCO), 2126, 1611, and 1418 cm−1 together with very weak bands at 1445, 1433, 1137, 1018, and 558 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-anharmonic-wavenumbers-n-cm-1-principal-assignments-3luthlne.png TABLE IV. Anharmonic wavenumbers ν (cm−1), principal assignments, and dominant contribution (%) for Ph-NCCCN-Ph 9 and its isotopomers in the range 2000–2250 cm−1 (see Table S2 for the full set of data). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ir-spectra-ar-matrix-12-k-of-phn-c-c-c-nph-9-and-its-at1q3qej.png FIG. 6. IR spectra (Ar matrix, 12 K) of PhN=C=C=C=NPh 9 and its isotopomers as generated by FVT of 8 at 800 ◦C: (a) unlabeled, (b) Ph15NCCCNPh, and (c) PhN13CCCNPh. Peaks A: 2175; B: 2162; C: 2156; D: 2138; E: 2060; F: 2166; G: 2136; H: 2055; I: 2165; J: 2140; K: 2118 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-linear-and-bent-structures-of-me-nccco-1a-cnl4jtu3.png FIG. 2. Calculated “linear” and “bent” structures of Me-NCCCO (1a and 1a′) at the LCCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level (bond lengths in Å; bond angles and dihedral angles τ in degrees (◦)). The energy difference between 1a and 1a′ is E = 0.03 kcal mol−1. The energy barrier for linearization in 1a′ is 3.1 kcal mol-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-description-of-the-modes-implicated-in-active-5vvx8uvq.png FIG. 7. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/papers/immersive-interactive-sar-image-representation-using-non-32i8a0mcjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-visualization-of-the-clustering-result-in-the-1zqzhccl.png Fig. 1. (a) the visualization of the clustering result in the CAVE. Images are positioned around their cluster centers based on their distances. A sample image of each cluster is used to depict the cluster center. (b), (c) show user interactions on a desktop. A mis-clustered image is connected to a semantically cluster center by a green line. (d) a mis-clustered image (the image with red border) is connected (green line) to the cluster center of target cluster (with blue border). This interaction updated the semantic similarity matrix W , which is used in our novel NMF algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-clustering-results-of-the-proposed-divide-and-conquer-3nk3r8gd.png Fig. 5. Clustering results of the proposed divide-and-conquer approach as a function of the number of interactions, represented by accuracy (first row) and normalized mutual information (second row). The first, second and third columns show the results SAR images represented by Mean-Variance, Image intensity and WLD features, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-clustering-results-of-different-subspaces-new-features-upjrbg45.png Fig. 6. Clustering results of different subspaces (new features) represented by accuracy (first row) and normalized mutual information (second row). The first, second and third columns show the results of SAR images represented by Mean-Variance, Image intensity and WLD features, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-convergence-speed-for-nmf-vnmf-and-cmnmf-applied-38a58sjt.png Fig. 8. The convergence speed for NMF, VNMF and CMNMF applied on three features; a)Mean-Variance; b) Image Intensity; c) WLD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-exemplary-images-of-four-randomly-chosen-classes-after-2dlusbnu.png Fig. 7. Exemplary images of four randomly chosen classes after applying k-means clustering to original features (left column) and the new features obtained by VNMF (middle column) and CMNMF (right column). Each row shows sample images of a random chosen class. Green borders depict correct clustered images and the red ones depict incorrect clustered images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-images-from-the-sar-data-set-there-are-15-rxbc856r.png Fig. 2. Sample images from the SAR data set. There are 15 images, each one is representing one class. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-objects-in-blue-are-the-training-data-and-in-green-27q5i9yh.png Fig. 4. The objects in blue are the training data, and in green are test data. The square and circle indicates different classes. The dash line shows the similarity interaction. The blue dash interactions are done by the user while training the data. The green dash interactions are done by the system while applying the locality property https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-view-of-the-proposed-divide-and-conquer-3s4gzvgl.png Fig. 3. A schematic view of the proposed divide-and-conquer approach to get a new representation of the data for clustering. Here, the training data is mixed with each part of test data and is fed into VNMF/CMNMF to get new representation V . k-means is applied on each V separately and the results are mixed as the final results of clustering. https://scispace.com/papers/immunoglobulin-binding-domains-protein-l-from-ld0wd6802s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-far-uv-cd-spectra-of-wt-i34w-and-y64w-ppl3316-the-1d4g7j9p.png FIG. 4. Far-UV CD spectra of wt, I34W, and Y64W PpL3316. The spectra shown are each the average of three scans using 20 M wt PpL3316 (dashed line), Y64W (solid line), or I43W (dotted line) in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, 15 °C. The inset shows the spectrum of 20 M -chain (f), 20 M wt PpL3316 (dotted line), the summated spectra of -chain (20 M) and PpL3316 (20 M) (Œ), and the spectrum of a mixture of the two (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-reaction-progress-curve-showing-the-changes-in-1bvloa5n.png FIG. 5. A reaction progress curve showing the changes in fluorescence intensity observed upon the reaction between -chain and Y64W/Y53F/L57H PpL3316. Both proteins (1.5 M -chain and 15 M PpL3316 after mixing) were dissolved in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0. Inset, the variation of kapp upon mixing 1.5 M -chain with various concentrations of Y64W/Y53F/L57H PpL3316. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-rates-of-association-dissociation-and-kd-1mbv5l9z.png TABLE III The rates of association, dissociation, and Kd values for the various PpL3316 -chain complexes (n 3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ribbon-diagrams-of-showing-features-of-mutated-ppl3316-1a7y6k27.png FIG. 1. Ribbon diagrams of showing features of mutated PpL3316 domains. a, the positions of the I34W, Y53F, and L57H mutations in site 1 and their relative positions to -strand A of bound -chain. b, the position of Y64W (site 2) and its relationship to -strand A of bound -chain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fluorescence-intensity-changes-observed-upon-the-2xp4hqj7.png FIG. 6. Fluorescence intensity changes observed upon the dissociation of PpL3316 -chain complexes at pH 8.0 and 15 °C. a, emission at wavelengths greater than 335 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 280 nm, observed upon the dissociation of the I34W PpL3316 -chain and Y64W PpL3316 -chain complexes. b, emission at wavelengths greater than 335 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 280 nm, upon dissociation of the I34WY53F PpL3316 -chain, Y64W/ Y53F, PpL3316 -chain, and Y64W/Y53F/L57H PpL3316 -chain complexes. c, emission at wavelengths greater than 335 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 295 nm, upon dissociation of the Y64W PpL3316 -chain complex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fluorescence-spectral-characteristics-of-various-1ibohzmc.png TABLE II Fluorescence spectral characteristics of various PpL3316 domains and their complexes with 1-chain ( ex 295 nm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fluorescence-spectral-characteristics-of-various-24amdnif.png TABLE I Fluorescence spectral characteristics of various PpL3316 domains and their complexes with 1-chain ( ex 280 nm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reaction-progress-curves-showing-the-changes-in-68qt97i2.png FIG. 2. Reaction progress curves showing the changes in fluorescence intensity observed upon mixing -chain with various PpL3316 mutants. 1.5 M -chain was mixed with 1.5 M PpL3316 mutant (Y64W/Y53F/L57H, Y64W/Y53F, Y64W, I34W/Y53F/L57H, I34W/Y53F, or I34W as indicated) in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 at 15 °C. The fluorescence values shown are relative to the initial fluorescence observed for each reaction. Concentrations quoted are after mixing. https://scispace.com/papers/immunohistochemical-expression-of-bax-and-bak-in-canine-non-3mjw8sldd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-immunohistochemical-expression-of-bak-in-canine-non-3sz1f498.png Table 2. Immunohistochemical expression of Bak in canine non-neoplastic tissues https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-western-blot-analysis-of-bax-and-bak-expression-in-3fh522o7.png Fig. 5 Western blot analysis of BAX and Bak expression in canine tissues and cultured keratinocytes A. Western blots of canine cultured keratinocytes (lane 1) and canine skin (lane 2) with indicated antibodies; all antibodies label a band of expected size (BAX: 21 kDa; Bak: 24 kDa) in all panels; in skin lysate (3rd panel, lane 2) Bak-AbNT additionally labels bands at 50 and 70 kDa; B. Western blot of canine tissues: lane 1: liver; lane 2: kidney; lane 3: spleen; lane 4: tonsil; lane 5: lymph node; lane 6: testis; lane 7: skeletal musculature; lane 8: pancreas. Both anti-BAX antibodies label a specific marked band at 21 kDa (lanes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7) and weak bands at 26 kDa (lanes 4, 5) and 23 kDa (lane 6) interpreted as BAX isoforms; polyclonal BAX-AbA20 weakly labels additional bands at 28, 40 and 70 kDa in some organs. Labelling with Bak-AbNT antibody variably shows two major bands at 24 kDa (corresponding to the expected size of Bak) and 70 kDa. An occasional faint additional band around 50 kDa (1st and 3rd panel) was attributed, at least partially, to the secondary antibody (not shown). All reactions were done using indicated antibodies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-validation-of-bax-aba20-bax-ab2d2-and-bak-abnt-498lbrk4.png Fig. 1 Validation of Bax-AbA20, BAX-Ab2D2 and Bak-AbNT antibodies using (A, B) recombinant canine proteins and (C, D) cultured canine keratinocytes A. Western blots with lysates of bacteria expressing indicated Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) fusion protein; B. Immunohistochemistry with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bacteria (0.6 mm cores) expressing indicated GST fusion protein; C. Immunohistochemistry of canine cultured keratinocytes collected at 12 h after irradiation (UV) and non-irradiated controls (Co). All reactions were done using indicated antibodies; all immunohistochemical reactions visualized with AEC chromogen, hematoxylin counterstain; D. Western blots with lysates of keratinocytes collected at 12 h after irradiation (UV) and non-irradiated controls (Co). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immunohistochemistry-of-canine-tissues-using-bax-ab2d2-2i12we9x.png Fig. 3 Immunohistochemistry of canine tissues using BAX-Ab2D2 antibody https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-immunohistochemistry-of-canine-tissues-using-bax-aba20-21o04wjt.png Fig. 2 Immunohistochemistry of canine tissues using BAX-AbA20 antibody A. Skin: epidermis diffusely labelled with weak-to-moderate intensity; B. Skin, BAX-AbA20 preabsorbed with GST-BAX protein: complete absence of signal; C. Small intestine: strong labelling of enterocytes; D. Small intestine, BAX-AbA20 preabsorbed: complete absence of signal; E. Testis: Leydig’s cells strongly labelled, weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic and intranuclear signal in most spermatic maturation stadia; F. Testis, BAXAbA20 preabsorbed: residual signal in the Leydig’s cells; G. Urethra: labelling intensity gradient from weak (basal) to strong (apical) throughout all urothelial layers; H. Urinary bladder, BAX-AbA20 preabsorbed: residual https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-immunohistochemistry-of-canine-tissues-using-bak-abnt-2qva3sdn.png Fig. 4 Immunohistochemistry of canine tissues using Bak-AbNT antibody A. Skin: epidermis diffusely labelled; B. Skin, replicate immunohistochemistry using BakAbNT preabsorbed with GST-Bak: almost complete absence of signal; C. Small intestine: strongly labelled enterocytes; D. Small intestine, Bak-AbNT preabsorbed with GST-Bak fusion protein: complete absence of signal; E. Cortical adrenal gland: moderate labelling; F. Cortical adrenal gland, Bak-AbNT preabsorbed: weak residual signal; G. Testis: labelling strong in the Leydig’s cells and weak in some maturation stages of spermatids and in Sertoli cells; H. Kidney: tubuli strongly labelled, glomerulum almost negative; I. Urethra: moderate-to-strong labelling of all layers of the urothelium; J. Prostata: weak-to-moderate labelling of the glandular cells; K. Mammary gland: moderate-to-strong labelling of the glandular cells; L. Tracheal epithelium: strong labelling; M. Lymph node (cortex): moderate-to-strong labelling of the germinal center lymphocytes; N. Lymph node (cortex): detail view of the boundary between germinal center and mantle zone showing differences in signal intensity between the https://scispace.com/papers/immunologic-and-clinical-failure-of-antiretroviral-therapy-2ar7qzfxa3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-hiv-3tcb1uvn.png Table 1: Demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV patients in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2017 (n = 770). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-treatment-failure-among-people-living-u4i31k14.png Table 2: Predictors of treatment failure among people living with HIV in ACSH, Northern Ethiopia, 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-treatment-failure-via-the-year-of-1uzbyx9k.png Figure 2: Distribution of treatment failure via the year of HAART initiation among people living with HIV in ACSH, Northern Ethiopia, 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-treatment-failure-among-people-living-gj69bpkp.png Figure 1: Percentage of treatment failure among people living with HIV in ACSH, Northern Ethiopia, 2017. https://scispace.com/papers/immunoliposomes-a-review-on-functionalization-strategies-and-3ggtvzv4wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immunoliposome-formati-1yapzxy3.png Fig. 3. Immunoliposome formati https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reaction-between-a-thiolated-antibody-and-sulfh-222uwsyt.png Fig. 2. Reaction between a thiolated antibody and sulfh https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-arterial-elastance-as-a-measure-of-vascular-load-3crmkcuwpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-demographic-and-hemodynamic-characteristics-of-279ev9ek.png Table 4 Demographic and hemodynamic characteristics of hypertensive individuals with normal and high effective arterial elastance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3177c7sy.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3opd5io2.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-hemodynamic-characteristics-of-2f1ohrxm.png Table 1 Demographic and hemodynamic characteristics of normotensive and hypertensive individuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-left-ventricular-anatomy-function-and-effective-3e4vw9zh.png Table 2 Left ventricular anatomy, function and effective arterial elastance in normotensive and hypertensive individuals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1bb55gdu.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relations-of-effective-arterial-elastance-with-left-t2gzgh3y.png Table 3 Relations of effective arterial elastance with left ventricular structure and function in normotensive and hypertensive individuals https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-anesthesia-management-characteristics-on-severe-2ntjzixodk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unadjusted-odds-ratios-for-risk-factors-for-24-h-z5ir8s1n.png Table 2. Unadjusted Odds Ratios for Risk Factors for 24-h Postoperative Mortality and Coma https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-study-population-the-18jzwbjc.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population, the Surgical and Anesthetic Procedure, and the Hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-odds-ratios-for-anesthesia-management-risk-gyj7rqmx.png Table 4. Adjusted Odds Ratios for Anesthesia Management Risk Factors for 24-h Postoperative Mortality and Coma https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unadjusted-odds-ratios-for-anesthesia-management-yqz1d61c.png Table 3. Unadjusted Odds Ratios for Anesthesia Management Risk Factors for 24-h Postoperative Mortality and Coma https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-available-policy-options-on-consumer-welfare-59ckw4by46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-policy-1ejrw7mt.png FIG. 1 - policy https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-bias-nonstationarity-on-the-performance-of-uni-4h8t5jv7ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-precipitation-indices-a-qdm-4cehca0u.png Figure 3. RBMB versus RB0 for the precipitation indices. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-temperature-indices-a-qdm-b-35jsc3jk.png Figure 4. RBMB versus RB0 for the temperature indices. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-precipitation-occurrence-1agpmhq1.png Figure 7. RBMB versus RB0 for the precipitation occurrence indices. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-indices-used-2psqnew9.png Table 1. Overview of the indices used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-correlation-indices-a-qdm-b-2407cq5w.png Figure 6. RBMB versus RB0 for the correlation indices. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-discharge-percentiles-and-23rij227.png Figure 9. RBMB versus RB0 for the discharge percentiles and the 20-year return period value. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-discharge-percentiles-and-j1n8q3hv.png Figure 10. RBMB versus RB0 for the discharge percentiles and the 20-year return period value, calculated with raw evaporation. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rbmb-versus-rb0-for-the-potential-evaporation-24krlq74.png Figure 5. RBMB versus RB0 for the potential evaporation indices. (a) QDM, (b) mQDM, (c) MBCn, (d) MRQNBC, (e) dOTC. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-biomedical-and-biopsychosocial-training-sessions-4ixjdyv13h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-pre-test-19eju4zx.png Table 2. Mean values (and standard deviations) of pre-test ratings, with t-test results (ns: non significant) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ancova-adjusted-mean-values-and-standard-eviations-2mbamuix.png Table 3. ANCOVA adjusted mean values (and standard eviations) of post-test ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-7soekd58.png Table 1. Demographic data. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-black-asian-and-minority-210smpwotk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-perception-understanding-and-adherence-to-government-3nh18if0.png Table 4 Perception, understanding and adherence to Government guidance in relation to COVID-19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-recruited-study-participants-3tokbx5r.png Table 1: Demographics of recruited study participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perceived-impact-of-covid-19-and-lockdown-on-19cylq5b.png Table 2 Perceived impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on wellbeing https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accessibility-and-use-of-community-services-and-30d0adx9.png Table 5 Accessibility and use of community services, and other points of support, during the pandemic https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-understanding-of-risk-and-disparity-in-health-3x7r46ce.png Table 3 Understanding of risk and disparity in health outcomes for COVID-19 https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-crowdsourcing-ocr-improvements-on-retrievability-4hg0ikas7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-queries-ordered-by-their-gain-loss-in-number-of-20jffi7v.png Figure 4: Queries ordered by their gain/loss in number of retrieved documents. The position on the y-axis represents the number of documents retrieved from 822GTcor . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-accumulated-impact-scores-of-single-term-2jggirkd.png Figure 5: The accumulated impact scores of single-term queries show that very few query term contribute a large fraction of the overall wealth. The top ten query terms account for more than a third of the increase (see Table). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-17thcentury-collection-has-a-higher-character-3ticzqvb.png Figure 1: The 17thcentury collection has a higher character error rate (CER) than theWWII collection. The r(d) scores and CER for c = ∞ are strongly correlated: the higher the error rate, the less retrievable is a document. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-differences-in-r-d-scores-1hh6hki0.png Table 2: Summary statistics of differences in r(d) scores between the two corpora. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-documents-ordered-by-their-gain-loss-in-r-d-scores-2gne0ds0.png Figure 3: Documents ordered by their gain/loss in r(d) scores (c = ∞). The position on the y-axis represents their r(d) scores for 822GTcor . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-difference-in-distributed-wealth-between-the-3fn8i9ez.png Figure 2: Difference in distributed wealth between the uncorrected and corrected corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gini-coefficients-indicating-to-which-extent-the-j15ya6c8.png Table 1: Gini coefficients indicating to which extent the distribution of r(d) scores among documents for different c’s is biased (higher values indicate more bias). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wealth-in-r-d-scores-for-the-complete-collection-14inqrkm.png Figure 6: Wealth in r(d) scores for the complete collection (top), the 822GT documents (middle) and the mixed in documents, 822mixin (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-dopant-compensation-on-the-deactivation-of-boron-2emudgyvh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-activation-energies-ea-of-the-d54g1se8.png FIG. 4. Color online Activation energies Ea of the noncompensated reference wafers filled blue triangles and the compensated samples filled red triangles plotted vs the total boron concentration NA, showing a linear relationship between Ea and NA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-arrhenius-plot-of-the-deactivation-rates-35qevlbp.png FIG. 3. Color online Arrhenius-plot of the deactivation rates Rde of a 1.26 cm noncompensated Cz-Si sample filled green circles and a 1.20 cm compensated Cz-Si wafer open purple squares . The activation energy Ea derived for the compensated wafer is 30% above that of the control sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-deactivation-rates-rde-determined-at-185-18haawei.png FIG. 2. Color online Deactivation rates Rde determined at 185 °C of noncompensated Cz-Si control wafers filled blue triangles up are plotted on a double-logarithmic scale vs the total boron concentration NA. The fit with a power law blue line yields an exponent of 0.74. The deactivation rates of the compensated Cz-Si wafers are plotted against the net-doping concentration p0 open red triangles down and the total boron concentration NA filled red triangles down . The agreement with the fit is much better for the latter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-resistivities-of-the-compensated-samples-as-2zoym2au.png TABLE II. Resistivities of the compensated samples as measured by the four-point-probe method, equilibrium hole concentration p0ECV determined via ECV measurements, acceptor concentration NA measured via the iron-acceptor repairing time constants assoc, phosphorus concentration ND=NA− p0ECV, hole mobilities hK from Klaassen’s model using NA and ND, measured hole mobilities h e p0ECV −1, equilibrium hole concentration p0 e hK −1, and the compensation level C= NA+ND / NA−ND . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-time-dependence-of-the-normalized-defect-xrm11n73.png FIG. 1. Color online Time dependence of the normalized defect concentration Nt in two samples during illumination at 185 °C on a doublelogarithmic scale. The filled green circles refer to a 1.26 cm boron-doped noncompensated Cz-Si wafer, whereas the open purple squares correspond to a 1.20 cm compensated B- and P-doped Cz-Si sample. The data is fitted by an exponential decay function which yields the deactivation rate Rde. A clear decrease of Rde for the compensated wafer can be seen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-resistivities-as-measured-by-the-four-point-probe-2x3oai8l.png TABLE I. Resistivities as measured by the four-point-probe method, hole mobilities hK in the noncompensated wafers from Klaassen’s model, equilibrium hole concentration p0 determined from and hK, equilibrium hole concentration p0ECV determined via ECV measurements, and the acceptor concentration NA measured via the iron-acceptor repairing time constants assoc. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-guard-time-length-on-ieee-802-15-4e-tsch-energy-4u6kfu22we 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-setup-2gs1t5ga.png TABLE I: Simulation setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minimum-guard-time-for-operation-without-packet-loss-1suxsw23.png Fig. 3: Minimum guard time for operation without packet loss due to loss of synchronisation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-tsch-timeslot-template-for-a-transmitter-top-2c0swy7q.png Fig. 2: A typical TSCH timeslot template for a transmitter (top) and receiver node (bottom): node C, transmits its data packet after TxOffset, while the receiver D, uses a Guard Time to avoid missing the incoming packet by turning its radio ON slightly before the packet arrival. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-a-tsch-scheduling-for-node-d-a-d-stands-7jjl9n25.png Fig. 1: An example of a TSCH scheduling for node D. A > D stands for “node A transmits to node D”, while ADV cells are used for broadcast and advertising control packets (e.g., DIO). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-approximate-current-consumption-of-z1-mote-1xsmasyj.png TABLE II: Approximate Current consumption of Z1 mote. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-thorough-power-consumption-analysis-of-the-tsch-hxs74451.png Fig. 4: A thorough power consumption analysis of the TSCH scheme both under the line and star topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-network-reliability-for-line-and-star-topologies-1vozbd19.png Fig. 5: Network reliability for line and star topologies. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-electron-electron-interactions-induced-by-disorder-mddrdu2qq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-resistance-vs-applied-field-measured-at-vf58ug02.png FIG. 1. Color online a Resistance vs applied field measured at different temperatures Tmeas on a MTJ tMgO=2 nm, Tann =300 °C ; b TMR vs tMgO measured on MTJ at 300 K for three different values of Tann. Error bars were evaluated from the measure on more than ten different junctions. c Differential conductances measured at different values of Tmeas on a MTJ tMgO =2 nm, Tann=300 °C in the P continuous lines and AP dashed lines states. d ZBA vs Tmeas measured on MTJs tMgO=2 nm measured in the P continuous lines and AP dashed lines states for three different values of Tann. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-color-online-a-tem-image-of-a-mtj-tmgo-2-21pfys45.png FIG. 3. Color online Color online : a TEM image of a MTJ tMgO=2 nm after a thermal anneal at 300 °C. b Resistivity vs Tmeas for a 5 nm thick not annealed CoFeB rod red . Resistance vs Tmeas measured on a MTJ tMgO=2 nm in the P state at 1, 10, and 200 mV after annealing at 200 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-inaccuracy-of-peak-flowmeters-with-wright-scale-on-2ezz0ia6m0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-ofpef-correction-on-assessment-ofdaily-1h8a6szi.png Table 2. Effect ofPEF correction on assessment ofdaily variability (review is given for whole study group) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-ofsubjects-by-the-age-and-height-1b2dfnrv.png Table 3, Distribution ofsubjects by the age and height according to the PEF correction effect on dailv variabilit)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-basic-characteristics-ofthe-study-group-broj-number-3sr1n7mx.png Table I. Basic characteristics ofthe study group Broj/Number https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-intercell-and-intracell-variability-on-forming-and-8yg5z7e40v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hrs-lrs-statistics-before-and-after-a-24-hours-2xx2of0o.png TABLE II HRS/LRS STATISTICS BEFORE AND AFTER A 24 HOURS TEMPERATURE BAKE AT 125 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-distributions-for-a-64-x-64-bit-4-kbit-rram-1q7k3jud.png Fig. 1. Current distributions for a 64 × 64 bit (4 kbit) RRAM array with 1T-1R devices with 600 × 600 nm2 MIM area. (a) Initial state. (b) After forming in d.c. step sweep. The gate-source voltage was set to VWL = 1.4 V with a bitline voltage sweep to VBL = 2.3V with ramp rate dV/dt = 0.1 Vs−1. Current reading was performed at VWL = 1.4 V and VBL, read = 0.3 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-current-distributions-for-a-64-x-64-bit-4-kbit-rram-vozefjx4.png Fig. 4. Current distributions for a 64 × 64 bit (4 kbit) RRAM array with 1T-1R devices with 600 × 600 nm2 MIM area. (a) Initial state. (b) After pulse-induced forming. VWL was set to 1.4 V with VBL = 3.5 V and tBL, pulse = 10µs: total 86 % formed. (c) After applying a retry-algorithm to unformed devices: total 97.6% formed. (d) After d.c. forming of the devices not formed by the retry step: total 100 % formed. Current reading was performed at VWL = 1.4 V and VBL, read = 0.3 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-statistical-current-distributions-of-the-initial-state-2auqxoty.png Fig. 5. Statistical current distributions of the initial state, after pulseinduced forming and after application of retry-algorithms. Current reading was performed at VWL = 1.4 V and VBL, read = 0.3 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roughness-profile-of-the-tin-a-and-hfo2-b-films-used-2z2pp621.png Fig. 3. Roughness profile of the TiN (a) and HfO2 (b) films used in the array processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-average-and-b-minimum-read-window-after-a-single-2es0sf9j.png Fig. 8. (a) Average and (b) minimum read window after a single pulse, after 1, 3, 5 forming-retry pulses and after d.c. step sweep. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-set-reset-cycling-endurance-after-pulse-induced-2ykma1tk.png Fig. 6. Set/reset cycling endurance after pulse-induced forming and after pulse-retry forming. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-xps-depth-profile-measurement-of-a-50-nm-thick-hfo2-2b7nl7y8.png Fig. 7. XPS depth profile measurement of a 50 nm thick HfO2 RRAM cell. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-parenting-resources-on-breastfeeding-parenting-19bcqvxv7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numbers-and-types-of-professionals-interviewed-3vi6k4ao.png Table 3: Numbers and types of professionals interviewed https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-demographic-characteristics-of-womens-survey-3w1em2ci.png Table 5: Demographic characteristics of women’s survey respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-birth-cohort-and-breastfeeding-data-for-2wymzv8q.png Table 1: Birth cohort and breastfeeding data for participating sites in 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-timeline-of-embedding-activities-35f1213n.png Table 2: Overview of the timeline of embedding activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-demographic-characteristics-of-professionals-survey-2qdy96ms.png Table 4: Demographic characteristics of professionals’ survey respondents (n=146) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-scores-for-infant-feeding-attitudes-breastfeeding-1sxyjvgv.png Table 6: Scores for infant feeding attitudes, breastfeeding self-efficacy parenting confidence, and mother–infant bonding scales https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-non-uniform-wettability-in-the-condensation-and-tuhcr2x9y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-t-with-the-fraction-of-hydrophilic-39w8d4gy.png Fig. 7. Variation of τ with the fraction of hydrophilic elements f for a given geometrical realisation and both wettability configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pore-network-geometrical-properties-subscripts-and-28abfs30.png Table 1 Pore network geometrical properties. Subscripts //and ┴ are for in-plane and through-plane properties, respectively. Subscript c and uc correspond to compressed (below the rib) and uncompressed (below the channel), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-wettability-configurations-a-random-2apud1nr.png Fig. 3. The two wettability configurations: a) random configuration: wet-mixed pore network with randomly distributed hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements (f=20%), b) non-uniform configuration: pore network with wet-mixed central layers ( =f 20%), up and bottom layers only contain hydrophobic elements (hydrophilic elements in red and hydrophobic ones in grey). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-operating-conditions-i-is-the-current-2al7m2zb.png Table 2 Simulated operating conditions (i is the current density). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-liquid-water-in-blue-distributions-for-f-60-f-qlrzpn35.png Fig. 4. Typical liquid water (in blue) distributions for =f 60%, =f 100% for the three regimes and the two wettability configurations. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-liquid-water-overall-saturation-s-in-the-gdl-for-1ihfdqf3.png Fig. 5. Liquid water overall saturation S in the GDL for different fraction of hydrophilic elements f and the 25 different network realisations. Each circle corresponds to a given wettability realisation and a given geometrical realisation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-three-regimes-of-liquid-3vvsya3p.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the three regimes of liquid water formation in the cathode GDL: a) pure liquid injection, b) pure condensation, c) mixed injection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-in-plane-liquid-water-saturation-profiles-for-ip0hr480.png Fig. 6. Typical in-plane liquid water saturation profiles for three different values of the fraction of hydrophilic elements =f 0% (solid black line), =f 60% (dashed blue line) and =f 100% (dash-dot redline). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-silica-nanoparticles-on-the-morphology-and-2vnuzsovtb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-2d-and-3d-surface-profiles-images-after-4-hour-2hbsy6th.png Figure 13. 2D and 3D surface profiles images after 4-hour erosion tests: (a) sol-gel based matrix (b) matrix with 10 wt.% non-functionalised silica and (c) matrix with 10 wt.% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factors-affecting-corrosion-and-coating-durability-189svpfj.png Figure 1. Factors affecting corrosion and coating durability ‘Courtesy of TWI Ltd.’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-brittleness-indexes-h-e-for-all-formulations-co0ars0l.png Figure 5. Brittleness indexes, H/E, for all formulations ‘Courtesy of TWI Ltd.’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-youngs-modulus-for-all-coating-formulations-3ixqgojv.png Figure 4. Young’s modulus for all coating formulations ‘Courtesy of TWI Ltd.’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-defect-density-values-after-potentiodynamic-orvhcpup.png Figure 8. Defect density values after potentiodynamic polarisation ‘Courtesy of TWI Ltd.’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-mechanical-properties-for-the-11xnptvp.png Table 1. Comparison of mechanical properties for the nanocoatings compared to the base matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-potential-to-resist-fracture-331ebz4w.png Figure 6. Evolution of the potential to resist fracture ‘Courtesy of TWI Ltd.’ https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-the-growth-temperature-on-the-performance-of-1-70-4j4aqcobiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-root-mean-squared-surface-roughness-rrms-calculated-3ev6vkj8.png Table 1. Root mean squared surface roughness RRMS – calculated from AFM – and Al content x – extracted from XRD – of the samples grown at different temperatures T. The ω-2θ difference between the XRD intensity peaks of the GaAs substrate and the AlxGa1-xAs epilayers is also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photoluminescence-pl-comparison-of-the-samples-ez3vjlnj.png Figure 3. Photoluminescence (PL) comparison of the samples grown at 580°C (magenta diamonds), 600°C (black crosses), 620°C (red asterisks), 640°C (blue squares) and 660°C (green circles). The higher material quality with a growth temperature of 620°C is apparent, as well as the higher bandgap due to the lower Ga incorporation with a growth temperature of 660°C, resulting in a strong blue shift of the PL peak intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-external-quantum-efficiency-eqe-of-the-highest-3b5jgunv.png Figure 6. External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of the highest efficiency device fabricated from each grown sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-samples-grown-and-processed-into-cjsfx9c5.png Figure 1. Structure of the samples, grown and processed into devices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-parameters-of-the-highest-efficiency-devices-3eio8ayp.png Table 2. Main parameters of the highest efficiency devices fabricated from each sample. The open-circuit voltages (Voc), short-circuit-currents (Jsc), Fill Factors (FF) and efficiencies have been extracted from the J-V curves presented in FIGURE 4. The pseudo FF and pseudo efficiencies have been extracted from the corresponding pseudo J-V curves, also in FIGURE 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-current-density-versus-voltage-j-v-2ds2dnkx.png Figure 4. Current density versus Voltage (J-V) characterizations (solid lines), acquired under illumination, and pseudo J-V characterizations (dashed lines), extracted from Suns-Voc measurements, of the highest efficiency device fabricated from each sample grown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-open-circuit-voltage-voc-a-3ojxfgg3.png Figure 5. Comparison of the open-circuit voltage Voc (a), bandgap-voltage offset Woc (b), short-circuit current Jsc (c) and efficiency (d) of the highest efficiency device fabricated on each sample (red diamonds) and of the 25% best performing devices for the given metric (black cross and dashed lines = mean value, whiskers = range). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atomic-force-microscopy-imaging-of-the-samples-3ocdunwi.png Figure 2. Atomic Force Microscopy imaging of the samples grown at 580°C (a), 600°C (b), 620°C (c), 640°C (d) and 660°C (e). All images show a 1×1μm surface with identical -1.5nm to +1.5nm color bar scales. The root mean squared surface roughness as a function of the growth temperature is also displayed (f). https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-surface-emissivity-and-atmospheric-conditions-on-2hdce7z3qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-surface-temperature-derived-from-24pvxufo.png Figure 3. Comparison of surface temperature derived from Landsat and ground measurements (CNR1) https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-the-ice-strength-formulation-on-the-performance-of-da63i6bxy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-difference-in-ice-thickness-h-r75-2-h-h79-1us3wcs6.png Figure 4. Mean difference in ice thickness (h(R75)2 h(H79)) between ITD configurations using R75 and H79 with the same number of thickness categories. The data are binned for ice thickness in the R75 configurations. Purple for ITD5, green for ITD20 with shaded range between 25th and 75th percentile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-distribution-of-absolute-convergence-yqx2wins.png Figure 5. Frequency distribution of absolute convergence rates for configurations ITD5R, ITD20R, ITD5H, ITD20H, noITD; only accounting for ice thicker than 3 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-function-valuesa-3mgxm4ko.png Table 3. Cost Function Valuesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-difference-in-ice-thickness-h-itd20h2-itd5h-1jrofds3.png Figure 3. Mean difference in ice thickness H (ITD20H2 ITD5H) between ITD configurations with 20 and 5 thickness categories, both using the H79 strength formulation, in Winter (December–May). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-difference-itd202-itd5-in-ice-strength-3qnbau78.png Figure 8. Average difference (ITD202 ITD5) in ice strength (dashed) and ice thickness (solid) between ITD configurations using 20 and 5 thickness categories evaluated for H79 (cyan) and R75 (red). Differences are evaluated for different ice thicknesses, binned into thickness bins of the ITD5 simulations, as described in section 3.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-change-in-august-ice-concentration-a-h79-2-a-5t2i0vw9.png Figure 6. Mean change in August ice concentration (A(H79)2 A(R75)) between ITD configurations using H79 and R75 for (a) 5 thickness categories and (b) 20 thickness categories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-difference-in-ice-strength-between-r75-and-h79-1bl4h8u5.png Figure 7. Mean difference in ice strength between R75 and H79 calculated for the same ITD. Differences are evaluated for 5 (magenta) and 20 (green) thickness categories, results are binned for ice strength after R75 with the shaded area between the 25th and 75th percentile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-difference-in-cost-function-values-itd-2gbe9wjg.png Figure 1. Difference in cost function values (ITD configuration2 noITD) between different model configurations with an ITD and noITD. Shown are contributions of single data sets and total values. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-the-intellectual-disability-severity-in-the-1ihtbpk20a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-7d2cftt6.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-equation-model-used-to-estimate-the-dif-q9dfybib.png Figure 1. Structural equation model used to estimate the DIF parameter in each latent variable. γij represents the DIF parameter, and λij represents the factorial coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameter-estimation-of-the-structural-equation-zc51dca0.png Table 6 Parameter estimation of the structural equation model procedure applied to the DIF structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cronbachs-a-values-for-every-factor-and-source-of-1azy9525.png Table 5 Cronbach’s a values for every factor and source of information https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-vagus-nerve-stimulation-on-sleep-related-breathing-1m7umvf26o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-sleep-apnea-syndrome-in-29eqv0dr.png Table 2: diagnosis and treatment of Sleep Apnea Syndrome in all patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-all-patients-1nbd7i8g.png Table 1: Clinical characteristics of all patients N°AgeGender Epilepsy type Etiology % Reduction of seizures with VNS Parameters of VNS device (at time of the sleep study) Medication 1. 50-F Focal Adult Rasmussen https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-patients-stratified-for-vns-a9w1qwiz.png Table 3: characteristics of patients stratified for VNS induced/aggravated SAS https://scispace.com/papers/impacts-of-soil-acidity-on-qualitative-and-quantitative-34dzsvfpac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-relation-between-ph-and-soil-characteristics-in-all-2ey1tyhv.png Table 9: Relation between pH and soil characteristics in all parcels https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-description-of-pedological-tests-ezbram-and-33sgku8n.png Table 6: Description of pedological tests: Ezbram and Narengdarak Acer insinge stands https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-description-of-pedological-tests-asoo-alnus-14xgp3g9.png Table 7: Description of pedological tests: Asoo Alnus subcordata stands https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relation-between-ph-and-soil-characteristics-in-all-xjtvanlw.png Table 8: Relation between pH and soil characteristics in all parcels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-description-of-pedological-tests-ezbram-and-3stdpumx.png Table 5: Description of pedological tests: Ezbram and Narengdarak Pinus taeda stands https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-f-fisher-test-anova-for-comparison-of-height-s09wlmfn.png Table 4: F-fisher test (ANOVA) for comparison of height variances of all tree species of concern in all parcels https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-f-fisher-test-anova-for-camparison-of-diameter-1r0qtva9.png Table 3: F-fisher test (ANOVA) for camparison of diameter variances of all tree species of concern in all parcels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-trees-according-to-volume-in-hectar-3gm9ew0p.png Figure 2: Number of trees according to volume in hectar https://scispace.com/papers/imparting-knowledge-and-skills-at-the-forefront-of-13wblpn6xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-offshoot-lecture-series-fall-2005-spring-2006-1571wy30.png FIGURE 5 OFFSHOOT LECTURE SERIES (FALL 2005, SPRING 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-student-projects-index-2006-links-to-project-sites-kit98ax1.png FIGURE 4 STUDENT PROJECTS INDEX (2006) + LINKS TO PROJECT SITES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-student-projects-index-partial-2005-sample-project-oqjkyx5g.png FIGURE 3 STUDENT PROJECTS INDEX (PARTIAL, 2005) + SAMPLE PROJECT SITE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-online-syllabus-2005-links-to-presentations-reports-3a0hh9vv.png FIGURE 1 ONLINE SYLLABUS (2005) + LINKS TO PRESENTATIONS, REPORTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-online-syllabus-2006-links-to-presentations-reports-2lv38xth.png FIGURE 2 ONLINE SYLLABUS (2006) + LINKS TO PRESENTATIONS, REPORTS. https://scispace.com/papers/impacts-of-urban-sprawl-on-species-richness-of-plants-2yarhrzbkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-on-species-data-from-the-different-8046t9a4.png Table 1. Details on species data from the different monitoring programs operating in the study areas at the habitat and landscape scales. The set of urban and other environmental predictors (i.e., climate, topography and land use) tested for each taxonomic group and monitoring program is provided. See also Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-two-steps-of-analysis-step-1-model-25sjw4kb.png Table 3. Results of the two steps of analysis. Step 1: Model performance D2full of the full models, i.e., percentage of null deviance explained by urban and non-urban predictors, and the corresponding values D2I.Urban, i.e., the percentage of null deviance independently explained by urban predictors based on hierarchical partitioning. All species groups with D2I.Urban ≥ 15% are shown. Step 2: Relative variable importance (RVI) of single urban predictors from multi-model averaging. Values are provided for urban predictors included in best fitted models (delta AICc or QAICc ≤ 4) for each diversity variable. Arrows indicate the direction of effects (positive ↗ and negative ↘) based on partial regression plots of the best fitted model (AIC-based) and coefficients estimates which are significantly different from zero (P<0.05; values in bold). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-and-data-sources-of-environmental-26gx9gav.png Table 2. Definitions and data sources of environmental predictors, including variables describing urban sprawl and other environmental variables for the plots of the distinct biodiversity monitoring programs at the habitat level (BDM Z9 and LANAG) and landscape level (BDM Z7). See also Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/implementable-wireless-access-for-b3g-networks-i-mimo-mimo-4r6xo8e9ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shows-an-interesting-case-where-the-single-antenna-1r8d0ce4.png Figure 6 shows an interesting case where the single-antenna mobile starts in the broadside direction of the base station array (there is LOS for the first approximately 20–30 percent of the time), and moves across the view field in the endfire direction and disappears completely. https://scispace.com/papers/implementing-graph-pattern-queries-on-a-relational-database-4enluxxxvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-17uonw0j.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rtcgz80s.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-29sboc43.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3tv738ix.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d26z7rn.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1e9mzd5r.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lykts7fo.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1pr8j4wa.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/implementing-social-projects-with-undergraduate-students-an-2bynv3p0rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-respondents-grouping-according-to-similarity-source-2jqs81kw.png Figure 1. Respondents grouping according to similarity (Source: Authors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distances-from-positive-and-negative-ideal-solutions-fhzg5ce2.png Table 5. Distances from positive and negative ideal solutions and coefficients Ci* (Source: Authors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-barriers-for-operationalizing-pss-models-according-vsql6jml.png Table 1. Barriers for operationalizing PSS models according to the academic literature (Source: Annarelli et al. (2016) and de Jesus Pacheco et al. (2019)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-barriers-ordering-according-to-coefficients-ci-2h94aeza.png Table 6. Barriers ordering according to coefficients Ci*. (Source: Authors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-matrix-r-with-standardized-values-source-authors-243k9juu.png Table 4. Matrix R with standardized values. (Source: Authors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coding-used-to-group-the-respondents-15t3hhzi.png Table 2. Coding used to group the respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-averages-of-scores-attributed-by-respondents-3hb9232m.png Table 3. Averages of scores attributed by respondents, according Hierarquical Cluster grouping. (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/papers/implementation-trade-offs-of-soft-input-soft-output-map-5e97fih6gg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-asic-micrographs-of-the-fabricated-max-log-m-bcjr-1l5q5xog.png Fig. 5. ASIC micrographs of the fabricated max-log M-BCJR decoders in 180 nm (1P/6M) CMOS technology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-complexity-trade-off-of-the-implemented-1i7hut3w.png Fig. 7. Performance/complexity trade-off of the implemented SISO-MAP decoders in 180 nm, 130 nm, and 90 nm CMOS technology. The numbers correspond to states S and stars designate the results of the 8-state radix-4 decoder units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-radix-2-state-metric-recursions-left-forward-right-20r10bzq.png Fig. 1. Radix-2 state-metric recursions (left: forward; right: backward). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-maximum-free-distance-codes-and-reduction-of-2-input-vc76f93n.png TABLE I MAXIMUM FREE-DISTANCE CODES AND REDUCTION OF 2-INPUT MAX UNITS IN THE LLR COMPUTATION UNIT (LCU) USING PARTIAL MAXIMUM SHARING (PMS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-throughput-silicon-area-trade-off-the-number-next-to-zfvh6kxu.png Fig. 8. Throughput/silicon-area trade-off. The number next to the curves correspond to the number of states, stars designate 8-state radix-4 architectures, and the thin dashed lines correspond to constant silicon complexity (in terms of mm2ns/bit). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-level-vlsi-architecture-of-the-implemented-max-1ku15p44.png Fig. 2. High-level VLSI architecture of the implemented max-log M-BCJR decoders (thin grey boxes indicate pipeline registers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-energy-efficiency-silicon-area-trade-off-the-numbers-10h958a7.png Fig. 9. Energy efficiency/silicon-area trade-off. The numbers next to the curves correspond to the number of states, stars designate 8-state radix-4 architectures, and the thin dashed lines correspond to a constant AE-product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-partial-maximum-sharing-pms-applied-to-an-34fze530.png Fig. 4. Example of partial maximum sharing (PMS) applied to an unpipelined 4-state LLR computation unit. https://scispace.com/papers/implicit-a-multi-agent-recommendation-system-for-web-search-2ov7mgyw89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-pearson-correlation-between-user-models-11tn7dmk.png Table 10 Pearson correlation between user models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-the-system-with-three-agents-personal-ggejzk8p.png Fig. 3 An example of the system with three agents. Personal agents process queries from users and interact with each other to share experience of using particular links by their users; the agents produce recommendations by using the SICS module; they also use GoogleAPI to query the Google search engine. The DF agent provides a list of personal agents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pearson-correlation-between-the-initial-user-model-7u8ll90s.png Fig. 11 Pearson correlation between the initial user model and rules learned after 25, 50 and 100 searches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-sequence-diagram-of-interactions-between-the-user-2ro8rq2u.png Fig. 6 A sequence diagram of interactions between the user and the personal agent during the search https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boxplots-for-the-precision-of-google-the-sics-of-the-zpnaewbd.png Fig. 7 Boxplots for the precision of Google, the SICS of the personal agent and of other agents in 25 simulations with different number of agents https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-probabilities-of-acceptance-of-links-for-user-3-3kqkzata.png Table 7 The probabilities of acceptance of links for User 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-probabilities-of-acceptance-of-links-for-user-1-2b69en2i.png Table 5 The probabilities of acceptance of links for User 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-boxplots-for-the-recall-of-the-sics-of-the-personal-ivlrs8fs.png Fig. 8 Boxplots for the recall of the SICS of the personal agent and of other agents in 25 simulations with different number of agents. The recall of Google is always 1 and, therefore, is not shown https://scispace.com/papers/import-offshoring-and-wages-rent-sharing-or-composition-tu96h37zsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-triple-difference-estimate-using-alternate-firm-2bxhqkg5.png Table 14: Triple Difference Estimate Using Alternate Firm Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-worker-level-wage-regression-3dgkqqoo.png Table 10: Worker Level Wage Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-manufacturing-firm-characteristics-24d4figi.png Table 1: Comparison of manufacturing firm characteristics between offshoring and non-offshoring firms in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-imported-consumption-products-2qovs7tu.png Table 4: Ranking Imported Consumption Products https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-import-growth-contributions-table3a-import-growth-1gzcx54m.png Table 3: Import growth contributions Table3a: Import growth contributions (annualized) in per cent of base total (1999-2001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-difference-in-difference-estimate-using-alternate-vily96bu.png Table 13: Difference-in-Difference Estimate Using Alternate Firm Types (2002-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-triple-difference-estimate-using-measures-2jkt9lsh.png Table 12: Triple Difference Estimate Using Measures Constructed from Worker Level Wage Regression by Firm Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-difference-in-difference-estimate-using-measures-3rkozekk.png Table 11: Difference-in-difference Estimate Using Measures Constructed from Worker Level Wage Regression (2002-2005) https://scispace.com/papers/importance-measures-for-noncoherent-system-analysis-3hmrovz443 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-leak-protection-system-3cwhd53n.png Fig. 1. Leak protection system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-component-unavailability-and-unconditional-failure-3osaavpz.png TABLE II COMPONENT UNAVAILABILITY AND UNCONDITIONAL FAILURE AND REPAIR RATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fault-tree-representing-the-possible-causes-of-the-top-iqe1p2v6.png Fig. 2. Fault-tree representing the possible causes of the top-event for the system in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-cnn-based-on-super-pixel-segmentation-4q1zlxgipv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-results-of-the-five-20vnvyfs.png Table 2. Test results of the five https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-results-of-the-five-sickgfmi.png Table 3. Test results of the five https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-part-of-the-new-mnist-test-images-3i8hgn5t.png Fig. 2. Part of the New MNIST test images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-super-pixel-pooling-schematic-diagram-3oq25gy0.png Fig. 1. The super-pixel pooling schematic diagram https://scispace.com/papers/improved-algorithms-for-finding-edit-distance-based-motifs-43gqqzh5wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inserting-into-motif-trie-for-s-a-c-g-t-and-l-2-a-sh9hq20r.png Figure 1. Inserting into motif trie for Σ = {A,C,G,T} and l = 2. (a) After inserting ∗GT into empty trie. (b) After inserting another string A∗C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intersection-of-motif-tries-a-trie-for-ag-c-t-b-2stcacf5.png Figure 2. Intersection of motif tries. (a) Trie for AG∗∪C∗T . (b) Intersection of trie in Fig. 1(b) and trie in Fig. 2(a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-for-skipping-compact-motif-l-m-s-j-k-t-2cgme6ga.png Table 1. Conditions for skipping compact motif L = 〈M,S j,k,T 〉 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-expected-number-of-spurious-motifs-in-random-16m7rkp2.png Table 4. Expected Number of Spurious Motifs in Random Instances for n = 20,m = 600 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-possible-alignments-at-position-p-where-at-least-one-bmagwgt4.png Table 2. Possible alignments at position p where at least one of the pairs Op,O′p and Np,N′p differs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-ems1-and-ems2-on-challenging-ssnead5y.png Table 3. Comparison between EMS1 and EMS2 on challenging instances. Time is in seconds (s), minutes (m) or hours (h). An empty cell implies the algorithm did not complete in the stipulated 72 hours. †estimated value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-construction-of-l-under-different-rules-in-the-23ql9mhg.png Figure 3. Construction of L′ under different rules in the proof of Lemma 3. Insertions are shown using arrows, deletions using − and substitutions using ∗. Rule 5 case (i) is similar to Rule 4 case (i) and omitted to save space. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-compilation-of-prolog-to-c-using-moded-types-and-3u68iba1rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-speed-of-other-prolog-systems-and-mercury-3j8mmg7f.png Table 5: Speed of other Prolog systems and Mercury https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-c-execution-loop-and-blocks-scheme-12nkgaq6.png Figure 2: The C execution loop and blocks scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-annotated-factorial-using-type-information-3oxspehm.png Figure 7: Annotated factorial (using type information). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-low-level-code-for-the-fact-2-example-see-also-2wgo7wan.png Figure 5: Low level code for the fact/2 example (see also Section 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wam-code-and-internal-representation-without-and-oey2kcdn.png Table 3: WAM code and internal representation without and with external types information. Underlined instruction changed due to additional information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bytecode-emulation-vs-unoptimized-optimized-types-1it1wynk.png Table 4: Bytecode emulation vs. unoptimized, optimized (types), and optimized (types and determinism) compilation to C. Arithmetic – Geometric means are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-compared-size-of-object-files-bytecode-vs-c-3iixyhy0.png Table 6: Compared size of object files (bytecode vs. C) including Arithmetic - Geometric means. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-extended-init-subdomain-1nnpxt2n.png Figure 6: Extended init subdomain. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-deep-point-cloud-geometry-compression-33kp76cga9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-qualitative-evaluation-on-soldier-vox10-0690-for-c6-3c07afou.png Fig. 4: Qualitative evaluation on “soldier_vox10_0690”. For c6 and G-PCC Trisoup, we show the decompressed point cloud and its D1 squared errors. The errors are displayed according to the color scale on the right and are truncated to the 99th percentile (3.0). In parentheses, we specify the D1 PSNR along with the number of bits per input point (bpp). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rd-curves-for-each-condition-in-table-ii-c6-3qfrk3nn.png Fig. 3: RD curves for each condition in Table II. c6 consistently outperforms G-PCC trisoup and G-PCC octree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bits-per-point-and-focal-loss-when-training-3pxjdh68.png Fig. 5: Bits per point and focal loss when training independently and sequentially. Sequential training is more efficient as it reuses previously trained models to train subsequent ones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-entropy-models-considered-in-this-work-the-f-functions-1208gbjb.png Fig. 1: Entropy models considered in this work. The f functions are learned transforms, Q refers to quantization and AC to arithmetic coding with its associated density model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-conditions-evaluated-in-this-study-each-3iowamem.png TABLE I Experimental conditions evaluated in this study. Each condition is an improvement over the previous one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transform-types-each-layer-is-specified-as-follows-2ovhzdhl.png Fig. 2: Transform types. Each layer is specified as follows: convolution type (C refers to convolution, CT to transposed convolution), number of filters, filter size and strides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rd-performance-for-each-experimental-condition-we-1c04l7yp.png TABLE II RD performance for each experimental condition. We specify BD-PSNR values (dB) compared to G-PCC trisoup and octree in each cell (trisoup BD-PSNR / octree BD-PSNR). The greatest values for trisoup and octree are indicated in bold and the second greatest in italic. c6 consistently outperforms all other conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-impact-of-the-focal-loss-a-parameter-on-rd-iftf1c0b.png TABLE III Impact of the focal loss α parameter on RD performance. We specify BD-PSNR values (dB) compared to G-PCC trisoup for different α values. The greatest values are indicated in bold and the second greatest in italic. α = 0.75 outperforms all other α values. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-decoupling-for-low-frequency-mri-arrays-using-non-12hkuta0vp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-simulated-decoupling-for-each-of-the-preamplifier-1p42o9lw.png Fig. 4. a) Simulated decoupling for each of the preamplifier configurations, compared to the case where the coils are terminated in a 50 Ω load (black line). b) Measured S11 of Coil 1 in Figure 2, when Coil 2 is terminated with its preamplifier in the three different configurations, compared to the case where Coil 1 is placed alone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-snr-degradation-of-the-signal-detected-by-coil-1-due-1cj57cdk.png Fig. 5. SNR degradation of the signal detected by Coil 1 due to the presence of Coil 2, for the three different preamplifier configurations.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-preamplifier-decoupling-matching-network-as-described-28ynz7ai.png Fig. 1. Preamplifier decoupling matching network, as described in [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulated-and-measured-q-factors-of-all-the-coil-1rk2o54c.png TABLE II SIMULATED AND MEASURED Q-FACTORS OF ALL THE COIL ELEMENTS WHEN MOUNTED ON THE ARRAY. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-simulated-array-model-b-b1-t-per-unit-of-accepted-1oqhnayt.png Fig. 6. a) Simulated array model, b) B1- [T] per unit of accepted power and c) SENSE g-factor for an acceleration factor of 4, for the designed non-overlapped 8- channel array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-fabricated-and-d-commercial-8-channel-arrays-b-and-e-uz1b3ww8.png Fig. 7. a) Fabricated and d) commercial 8-channel arrays. b) and e) show the 13C SNR maps obtained with the each of them respectively, and e) and f) the noise correlation matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-setup-used-for-snr-measurements-two-50-mm-coils-3aknwrek.png Fig. 2. Setup used for SNR measurements: two 50 mm coils separated 75 mm center-to-center, with a small pickup loop placed close to one of the coils, and used to induce a signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-individual-coil-element-images-for-the-fabricated-8-3sn5d8qh.png Fig. 8. Individual coil element images for the fabricated 8-channel head array, using a phantom filled with ethylene glycol (with natural abundance of 13C). https://scispace.com/papers/improved-offshore-wind-resource-assessment-in-global-climate-3ynuiz2wch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wind-power-density-w-m-at-50-m-left-accounting-for-20mnxlcx.png Figure 7. Wind power density (W/m ) at 50 m (left) accounting for spatial and temporal 2 variance. Wind power density at 50 m for windiest 10% of area (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-offshore-wind-resource-potential-for-101x1dvc.png Table 1. Comparison of Offshore Wind Resource Potential for Top 10 CO2-Emitting Countries between NREL-Aligned and Harvard Studies. All depth categories (to 200 m); resource in annual wind energy potential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-offshore-wind-resource-potential-2g2c6mqm.png Table 2. Comparison of Offshore Wind Resource Potential Globally and for Continental United States Between NREL-Aligned and Harvard Studies. Annual wind potential by depth class. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-standard-deviation-nsd-of-statistically-dp2qntq6.png Figure 5. Normalized standard deviation (NSD) of statistically-calculated wind power density (SSOM and SGDM) compared to that obtained from full WAsP modeling for nine test areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-global-wind-production-ej-by-type-reference-left-1kknvc5x.png Figure 12. Global wind production (EJ) by type; reference (left) and policy (right) scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-global-wind-production-ej-by-type-policy-advanced-3jhcm3nf.png Figure 13. Global wind production (EJ) by type; policy+advanced technology scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-of-wind-and-solar-power-to-the-2fozz3h0.png Table 4. Sensitivity of Wind and Solar Power to the Intermittency Curve. The policy case ramps the backup requirement in between 20% and 30%; the advanced policy cases delay that ramp to 25%–35% and 35%–45% for advanced policy 1 and 2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-results-comparing-synthetic-grid-left-to-available-2tzb74d2.png Figure 9. Results comparing synthetic grid (left) to available mapped grid lines (right) for India, Nepal, and Bangladesh https://scispace.com/papers/improved-modeling-of-the-solid-to-plasma-transition-of-1jicjryofa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-total-pressure-as-a-function-of-time-and-of-the-ditbclto.png FIG. 6. (a) Total pressure as a function of time and of the laser intensity, (b) total pressure as a function of the laser intensity for three different instants, (c) electron density as a function of the laser intensity for three different instants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ablator-expansion-during-the-solid-to-plasma-3fa06xmc.png FIG. 5. Ablator expansion during the solid-to-plasma transition. The same laser intensity profile as the one used in Sec. III is considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-solid-to-plasma-transition-timescale-as-a-function-2d3nr6ma.png TABLE I. Solid-to-plasma transition timescale as a function of the maximum laser intensity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-evolution-of-the-electron-density-as-a-function-of-24278p5x.png FIG. 3. (a) Evolution of the electron density as a function of time. (b) Evolution of the electron temperature Te (thick lines) and the ionlattice temperature Til (thin lines) as a function of time. Simulations are performed with a Gaussian laser shape with a duration of 100 ps for the three following maximum laser intensities I1 = 1013 W.cm−2, I2 = 1014 W.cm−2 and I3 = 1015 W.cm−2 reached at 200 ps. For the temperatures, solid and dashed lines corresponds to electron and ionlattice temperatures respectively. The critical density nc is shown for purpose of comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-temporal-evolution-of-the-density-of-styrene-2801agr3.png FIG. 2. (a) Temporal evolution of the density of styrene molecules nS, acetylene molecules nA, benzene molecules nB, hydrogen atoms nH , carbon atoms nC, and the total density nT . The evolution of nA and nB as well as nH and nC are plotted together because they appear and disappear for the same ion-lattice temperature (See Section II C 2). For each specie, the density corresponds to the density of neutrals plus the density of ions. (b) Temporal evolution of the total ion density ni, total neutral density nn and the total density nT = ni+nn. As a reminder, the total ion and neutral densities ni and nn are defined by Eq. (12). The same laser intensity profile as the one used for Fig. 1 is considered. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-predictability-of-the-troposphere-using-gh0qz9avtd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-potential-vorticity-on-840k-surface-10-hpa-averaged-mcf6mt3f.png Figure 5. Potential vorticity on 840K surface (∼10 hPa) averaged in each year over the 20 days before the final warming date and composited over (a) 10 hPa‐first years and (b) 1 hPa‐first years, ERA‐Interim. Units are (gH/p) 10−4 K m−1 s−1, where g = 9.80665m s−2, H = 7000m, and p = 1000 hPa. White dot‐dashed lines show statistical significance, calculated using a T‐test, at 90% and 95% levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scaled-ep-flux-divergence-divf-averaged-in-each-38xo7avj.png Figure 6. Scaled EP‐flux divergence (DIVF) averaged in each year over the 20 days before the final warming date and composited over (a) 10 hPa‐first years and (b) 1 hPa‐first years, ERA‐Interim. Solid contours and light gray shading indicate positive values, dashed contours and dark gray shading indicate negative values. Contour interval is logarithmic. White dot‐dashed lines show statistical significance at 90% and 95% levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vertical-component-of-ep-flux-f-z-averaged-in-each-t8cqw50k.png Figure 7. Vertical component of EP‐flux (F(z)) averaged in each year over the 20 days before the final warming date and composited over 10 hPa‐first years (solid lines) and 1 hPa‐ first years (dashed lines) at 1 hPa, 10 hPa and 100 hPa, ERA‐Interim. Zero line is plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-april-mslp-60degw-30dege-30degn-90degn-era-hhgi4f0w.png Figure 11. (a) April MSLP (60°W–30°E, 30°N–90°N), ERA‐Interim, difference in composite over 10 hPa‐first years and composite over 1 hPa‐first years. Pattern similar to negative NAO pattern. White dot‐dashed lines show statistical significance at 90% and 95% levels. Contour interval is 2 hPa. (b) NAO pattern calculated by regressing ERA‐Interim April mean MSLP anomalies on to the April monthly NAO index. Contour interval is 0.5 hPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-transition-of-zonal-mean-zonal-wind-from-3h0wltyh.png Figure 1. Final transition of zonal mean zonal wind from westerly to easterly at (a) 60°S and (b) 60°N. CCMVal‐2 monthly mean model data is used (from 1980–1999), with each model represented by a thin black line and the multimodel mean shown as a thick gray line. The dark gray shading indicates the inter‐model standard error, scaled to represent a 95% confidence interval. ERA‐Interim (1989–2009), ERA‐40 (1980–2002), and NCEP (1980–1999) reanalysis and UKMO analysis data (1992–2001) are shown as thick black solid, dot‐dashed, dotted and dashed lines respectively, with light gray shading indicating the interannual standard deviation in the ERA‐Interim data, again scaled to represent a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-wave-refractive-index-n2-m-2-calculated-fromu-and-t-q8ub3r39.png Figure 8. Wave refractive index, n2 (m−2), calculated fromU and T averaged in each year over the 20 days before the final warming date and composited over (a) 10 hPa‐first years and (b) 1 hPa‐first years, ERA‐ Interim. Not plotted for regions where u − c < 0 or n2 < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-regions-of-meridional-and-vertical-wave-evanescence-2peas30u.png Figure 9. Regions of meridional and vertical wave evanescence (shaded), calculated from U and T averaged in each year over the 20 days before the final warming date and composited over (a) 10 hPa‐first years and (b) 1 hPa‐first years, ERA‐Interim.Most shading comes frommeridional wave evanescence, with shading in the extratropics above 3 hPa in the 1 hPa‐first case coming from vertical wave evanescence. Contours show positive (solid) and negative (dashed)U, with zero contour plotted as thick solid line. Contour interval is 5 m s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-final-transition-of-zonal-mean-zonal-wind-u-from-2dxt57mu.png Figure 2. Final transition of zonal mean zonal wind,U, from westerly to easterly at 60°N in ERA‐Interim calculated from: daily data (black lines), linear regression of monthly mean data (light gray lines), and a Fourier fit to the annual cycle in monthly mean data (using the first 6 Fourier components, i.e. up to 5 cycles per year; dark gray lines). Solid lines give final warming date, and dashed lines show interannual standard deviation scaled to represent a 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-prediction-of-mortality-by-combinations-of-34x96uafgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coefficients-and-c-index-of-the-new-score-in-aclf-15qp2y41.png Table 5. Coefficients and C-index of the new score in ACLF patients at 28 days*. CLIF-C ACLF + UNGAL score https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ninety-day-harrells-concordance-index-c-index-of-bl5mraig.png Table 2. Ninety-day Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) of MELD, CLIF-C AD score and individual biomarkers (first column), and each biomarker added to CLIF-C ADs (second column) in patients without ACLF*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-and-c-index-of-the-new-score-in-ad-2k4xnw2f.png Table 3. Coefficients and c-index of the new score in AD patients at 90 days*. CLIF-C AD + sMR score = https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patients-without-aclf-n-n9k4i0m1.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients without ACLF (n=342) and with ACLF (n=180). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-twenty-eight-day-harrells-concordance-index-c-index-1t3b7uya.png Table 4. Twenty-eight day Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) of MELD, CLIF-C ACLF score and individual biomarkers (first column), and each biomarker added to CLIF-C ACLFs (second column) in patients with ACLF*. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-seismic-design-and-nonlinear-modeling-2illwk2iza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-employed-lateral-loading-protocols-680-2jbt7aob.png Fig. 7. Employed lateral loading protocols 680 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-column-axial-shortening-measured-at-2-lateral-drift-1md2h88n.png Fig. 12. Column axial shortening measured at 2% lateral drift versus web slenderness ratio699 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-normalized-plastic-hinge-length-versus-web-1bp4w2k3.png Fig. 16. Normalized plastic hinge length versus web slenderness ratio at selected axial load ratios 711 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-damage-progression-performance-indicators-for-wide-329hbnqs.png Fig. 8. Damage progression performance indicators for wide-flange steel columns 682 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-simulated-and-experimental-results-2h9m96pk.png Fig. 3. Comparison between simulated and experimental results: moment-rotation (top) and axial 670 shortening-rotation (bottom) [data from Elkady and Lignos (2018)]671 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-finite-element-model-specifics-for-wide-flange-steel-1ivpvos1.png Fig. 2. Finite element model specifics for wide-flange steel columns667 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-simulated-and-experimentally-22btn35c.png Fig. 4. Comparison between simulated and experimentally obtained deformation profiles [data 674 from Elkady and Lignos (2018)]675 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-normalized-unloading-stiffness-measured-at-2-drift-m6qclyn2.png Fig. 15. Normalized unloading stiffness measured at 2% drift versus member slenderness ratio, 708 Lb/ry (symmetric loading history)709 https://scispace.com/papers/improved-sieving-on-algebraic-curves-1w9f0h0mo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-the-new-sieve-with-diem-and-kochinkes-3taofktt.png Table 2. Comparisons of the new sieve with Diem and Kochinke’s method https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-of-the-new-sieve-with-diems-classical-1s5eevy1.png Table 1. Comparisons of the new sieve with Diem’s classical method https://scispace.com/papers/improved-procedure-for-implanting-radiotransmitters-in-the-e2r5oyll1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-the-process-of-anchoring-the-2113kb44.png Figure 3. Diagram of the process of anchoring the radiotransmitter to a rib in the coelomic cavity of a snake to prevent it from migrating and potentially being expelled from the body. (a) Sutures looped twice tightly around the radiotransmitter and secured with square knots, then a further two square knots are made to create a loop between the knots. Note: the suture material is not cut. (b) The radiotransmitter is positioned in the coelomic cavity and the needle is pushed from the ventral surface of the ribcage (indicated by hatched lines) to the dorsal surface, over a rib and back to the ventral surface. (c) The needle is pushed through the loop created by the square knots attached to the radiotransmitter and secured completely with several more knots. The excess suture material is then cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radiograph-of-a-radiotransmitter-and-antenna-that-31xsvuc8.png Figure 4. Radiograph of a radiotransmitter and antenna that had been implanted in the coelomic cavity (without anchoring to the ribcage) of an adult female python (Morelia spilota imbricata), which was re-captured in the field (Leschenault Peninsula Conservation Park, Western Australia) to enable examination of the migrating radiotransmitter after the python had carried it for 2 years. The radiotransmitter had migrated from the incision site (approximately 10% of the snout–vent length, anterior to the cloaca) towards the cloacal opening (edge of the image). Note the significant build-up of faecal material anterior to the radiotransmitter, which may have resulted in the movement of the device towards the cloacal opening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-the-movement-of-an-unanchored-22146rgs.png Figure 5. Schematic of the movement of an unanchored radiotransmitter towards the three chambers of the snake's cloaca. The lower panel shows how the radiotransmitter may be forced into one of the cloacal chambers and then expelled with or without faecal material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-position-of-an-implanted-3ojq7zau.png Figure 1. Diagram of the position of an implanted radiotransmitter in relation to major organs within the coelomic cavity of a snake. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-two-surgical-techniques-used-to-uv0p82np.png Table 1. Summary of the two surgical techniques used to implant radiotransmitters in the coelomic cavity of southwest carpet pythons and the association with expelling of the device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-radiograph-of-implanted-radiotransmitter-inside-a-19f99bpk.png Figure 2. Radiograph of implanted radiotransmitter inside a male python's coelomic cavity. Note the antenna has moved within the python and is now more looped than originally positioned during surgery. The bulb on the radiotransmitter is additional temperature data loggers that were wax-embedded onto the radiotransmitter before implantation. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-tgirt-seq-methods-for-comprehensive-transcriptome-1ctze1pbny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tgirt-seq-workflow-and-design-of-an-improved-r2r-1vjv1a7r.png Figure 1. TGIRT-seq workflow and design of an improved R2R adapter that decreases adapter-dimer formation. (A) TGIRT-seq workflow. In the first step, TGIRT enzyme binds to an artificial template-primer substrate comprised of an RNA oligonucleotide containing an Illumina R2 sequence with a 3′-end blocking group (3SpC3) annealed to a complementary DNA oligonucleotide (R2R) that leaves a single nucleotide 3′ overhang, which can direct templateswitching by base pairing to the 3′ end of an RNA template. For the preparation of TGIRT-seq libraries from pools of RNAs, the DNA primer consists of a mixture of DNA oligonucleotides that leave A, C, G, and T 3′ overhangs (denoted N). After pre-incubation of the TGIRT enzyme with the target RNAs and template-primer (see Methods), template-switching and reverse transcription of an RNA template are initiated by adding dNTPs. The resulting cDNA with an R2R adapter attached to its 5′ end is incubated with NaOH to degrade the RNA template and neutralized with HCl, followed by two rounds of MinElute clean-up using the same MinElute column (Qiagen). A pre-adenylated oligonucleotide containing the reverse complement of an Illumina R1 sequence (R1R) is then ligated to the 3′ end of the cDNA by using thermostable 5′ App DNA/RNA ligase (New England Biolabs), followed by MinElute clean-up and 12 cycles of PCR amplification with primers that add indices and capture sites for Illumina sequencing. Unused R2R adapters that are carried over from previous steps are also ligated to the R1R adapter by the 5′ App DNA/RNA ligase (New England Biolabs), resulting in the formation of adapter dimers (pathway at right), which are removed by AMPure beads clean-up prior to sequencing. (B) Taking into account known biases of the 5′ App DNA/RNA ligase7,28,29, the R2R adapter used previously in TGIRT-seq (denoted NTC) was modified by inserting a single T-residue at position −3, creating a modified R2R adapter (denoted NTT), which decreases adapter-dimer formation. (C) Bioanalyzer traces comparing adapter-dimer formation using the previous NTC and improved NTT R2R adapters. 2 pmole of the NTC or NTC R2R adapter was ligated to 40 pmole of adenylated R1R adapter followed by 12 cycles of PCR according to the TGIRT-seq protocol and 1 round of clean-up with 1.4X AMPure beads to remove salt, PCR primers, and adapter dimers. The products were analyzed by using a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent) with a high sensitivity DNA chip. M: internal markers in the NTC (red) or NTT (blue) traces. https://scispace.com/papers/improvement-of-unidirectional-focusing-periodic-permanent-1f2wk3sxsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-effect-of-different-angles-on-the-normalized-3la0tur8.png Fig. 17. Effect of different angles on the normalized displacement at the focal point (-20 mm, 0) and its corresponding point (20 mm, 0) on the other side https://scispace.com/papers/improvements-in-depressed-collector-performance-by-2mvlmzejm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-trajectories-of-first-generation-of-backscattered-t54n5yi8.png Fig. 8. Trajectories of first generation of backscattered electrons in the energy range (0–100 eV), in the modified configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vectors-showing-the-direction-of-impact-of-the-3kno2w1z.png Fig. 7. Vectors showing the direction of impact of the primaries, with their length proportional to the current carried, for the modified configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configuration-of-electrodes-and-trajectories-of-the-q76heo8x.png Fig. 1. Configuration of electrodes and trajectories of the primary electrons in a two-stage depressed collector for 1.5-MW 110-GHz gyrotron. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-trajectories-of-first-generation-of-backscattered-7o9ecs5v.png Fig. 10. Trajectories of first generation of backscattered electrons in the energy range (5–45 keV), in the modified configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-trajectories-of-first-generation-of-backscattered-1klqxpfb.png Fig. 9. Trajectories of first generation of backscattered electrons in the energy range (100 eV–5 keV), in the modified configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-of-first-generation-of-backscattered-11929ecx.png Fig. 2. Trajectories of first generation of backscattered electrons in the energy range (0–100 eV) for starting configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-collector-efficiency-and-peak-heat-dissipation-for-dsju6j7s.png TABLE II COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY AND PEAK HEAT DISSIPATION FOR DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF COLLECTOR ELECTRODE #2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-vectors-are-shown-whose-length-is-proportional-to-the-2g0bfc7g.png Fig. 11. Vectors are shown whose length is proportional to the heat dissipation density at various locations on the boundaries of the electrodes. Also shown are the collector efficiency and other operating parameters for the modified configuration of collector electrode #2. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-discovery-of-and-access-to-digital-repository-yft0onde9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-electronic-theses-and-dissertations-data-model-1yl4lc9h.png Figure 5. The Electronic Theses and Dissertations data model used by the SA@OSU (Johnson & Boock, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-initial-implementation-of-the-related-content-lb5b3bzr.png Figure 6. The initial implementation of the “Related Content Widget” in AC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-meta-tags-embedded-in-the-html-header-156hav6h.png Figure 1. An example of <meta/> tags embedded in the HTML header for a representative item in Academic Commons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-three-ways-to-encode-author-name-information-in-rdf-wuvtjc1e.png Figure 7. Three ways to encode author name information in RDF. Note that the third example relies on the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) URI to point to authority data from multiple national libraries, where available https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-article-from-academic-commons-as-displayed-in-1usxwbuh.png Figure 4. An article from Academic Commons as displayed in Google search. Note that it includes the first author’s name, the date of publication, and links to citations and related articles in Google Scholar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-same-items-microdata-as-identified-by-a-schema-2ggyj83v.png Figure 3. The same item’s microdata as identified by a schema.org validator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-schema-org-microdata-embedded-in-the-27oo02vg.png Figure 2. An example of schema.org microdata embedded in the HTML for a representative item in Academic Commons. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-pest-management-and-pollination-with-farmscaping-489genpc4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-beneficial-farmscaping-plants-2uha9qox.png Table 1. Beneficial farmscaping plants https://scispace.com/papers/improving-parenting-practices-for-early-child-development-29323lmmkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-1z4tkytb.png Figure 1: Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/table-b12-heterogeneous-treatment-effect-medium-term-2jihmbx5.png Table B12: Heterogeneous treatment effect—medium term https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-heterogeneity-on-child-development-at-baseline-37rx4310.png Table 10: Heterogeneity on child development at baseline—short term https://scispace.com/figures/table-b13-heterogeneity-on-child-development-at-baseline-2ryls0wv.png Table B13: Heterogeneity on child development at baseline—medium term https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mother-time-investment-short-term-1mnkslp7.png Table 2: Mother time investment—short term https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-child-development-short-term-26alsikd.png Table 1: Child development—short term https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mother-self-efficacy-medium-term-1e7spqsq.png Table 6: Mother self efficacy—medium term https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mother-time-investment-medium-term-4oowit47.png Table 5: Mother time investment—medium term https://scispace.com/papers/improving-prediction-accuracy-of-memory-interferences-for-52epe60c5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-memory-interferences-on-microbenchmark-12ldnvxw.png Fig. 3: Impact of memory interferences on microbenchmark instances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sensitivity-of-bodytrack-behaviors-31cexyvb.png Fig. 7: Sensitivity of bodytrack behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-squared-and-absolute-prediction-error-mse-and-1c3zolsf.png TABLE III: Mean squared and absolute prediction error (MSE and MAE) per application and for the whole validation set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-summary-of-bandwidth-characterization-of-1568-1h64fhu5.png Fig. 4: Summary of bandwidth characterization of 1568 microbenchmark instances. Each line and color indicates a memory consumption nature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-graphical-display-of-the-memory-access-stream-captured-ootwebt9.png Fig. 6: Graphical display of the memory access stream captured for application from the MIBENCH and PARSEC benchmark suites. There are four stacked graphs sharing the x-axis. The x-axis accounts for the number of instructions executed. For each graph, the y-axis represents the difference between consecutive parts of the address. The address is split according to the mapping used by the last level cache of our experimental platform. For instance, the value of the ith point in the index layer is (indexi− indexi−1) mod Nindex, where indexi and Nindex are respectively the value and the number of indices encoded by the index bits in the destination address of the ith access. Each color represents a type of access, red for writes and blue for reads. Finally, the horizontal dotted lines represent the checkpoints we placed in the application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-memory-behavior-1rsfq78g.png Fig. 1: Example of memory behavior https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-imx6-memory-system-block-diagram-u046u28j.png Fig. 2: iMX6 memory system block diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-predicted-vs-observed-values-gray-and-red-points-iwcgo657.png Fig. 8: Predicted vs. observed values. Gray and red points belong respectively to the training and the validation set. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-procedural-fidelity-of-behavioural-interventions-1v2o6ua60k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-extraction-table-2zz2innc.png Table 4 Data Extraction table https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-strength-of-effect-size-on-participant-target-2tvwg6yz.png Table 7 Strength of effect size on participant target behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-guidelines-for-determination-of-research-report-1v1302g6.png Table 3 Guidelines for determination of research report strength ratings (adapted from Reichow et al., 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intervention-codes-and-definitions-37cvcsj5.png Table 2 Intervention codes and definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-participants-characteristics-and-settings-3gaqlrtb.png Table 5 Participants characteristics and settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-terms-25t89wua.png Table 1 Search terms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-showing-inclusion-exclusion-of-studies-1r9ws1mk.png Figure 1 Flow diagram showing inclusion/exclusion of studies identified during database search process https://scispace.com/papers/improving-problem-definition-through-interactive-3vgj58ps6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-interactive-evolutionary-design-nnqlsax7.png Fig. 2. A schematic of the interactive evolutionary design station. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-application-of-variable-mutation-coga-to-3lf7eo9h.png Fig. 3. The application of variable mutation COGA to preliminary airframe design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-identification-of-compromise-hp-regions-relating-3dj60ssk.png Fig. 5. The identification of compromise HP regions relating through filter threshold relaxation.~a! A common region for ferry range and attained turn rate~ATR! has been identified but specific excess power~SEP! objectives cannot be satisfied.~b! Relaxing the SEP filter threshold allows lower fitness solutions through and boundary moves.~c! Further relaxation results in the identification of a common region for all objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-a-ferry-range-is-much-more-important-b-all-bygwwppd.png Fig. 8. The ~a! ferry range is much more important.~b! All objectives are of equal importance.~c! The ferry range is much less important. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-graphs-show-the-convergence-of-the-four-evolving-2aagatfa.png Fig. 7. The graphs show the convergence of the four evolving objectives on a best compromise region of the design space. Each graph provides data relating to a particular objective. Objectives are coded as shown in the key. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-establishing-equivalence-classes-1g62yvk6.png Fig. 6. Establishing equivalence classes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-of-a-projection-of-results-on-two-1agogzyo.png Fig. 4. A comparison of a projection of results on two differing hyperplanes for~a! the attained turn rate objective and~b! the specific excess power objective. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-graphical-representation-of-arts-and-the-qes-6ga3qxhs.png Fig. 1. A graphical representation of ARTS and the QES. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-system-identification-using-clustering-3ziuz65br1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pseudo-code-of-the-clustering-procedure-combining-14dychhy.png Table 2: Pseudo-code of the clustering procedure combining PCA and K-means to separate models into clusters. k is the number of clusters and t the number of times K-means is run. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-models-in-the-original-parameter-space-at-iteration-2o45dul6.png Figure 7: Models in the original parameter space at iteration 0 (left) and 4 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overall-schema-showing-the-methodology-for-2fghfkjp.png Figure 4: Overall schema showing the methodology for iterative sensor placement using multiple models. The stick person indicates where human-computer interaction is needed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-found-and-correct-model-in-the-case-of-example-oncs2iyg.png Table 6: Model found and correct model in the case of example one (in log scale). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evolution-of-the-number-of-models-at-each-iteration-39ltxmtm.png Table 5: Evolution of the number of models at each iteration for example 1. The selected sensors are given as well. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-selected-sensors-and-entropy-corresponding-to-every-2q46zufm.png Table 8: Selected sensors and entropy corresponding to every sensors. Values in bold represent the chosen sensors. After iteration 2, the entropy value is zero for every remaining sensor location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-models-found-in-the-case-of-example-2-and-correct-2w8dzu3z.png Table 9: Models found in the case of example 2 and correct solution of the problem (in log scale). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-details-of-the-two-trucks-and-their-positions-1pb52bt0.png Table 4: Details of the two trucks and their positions. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-the-efficiency-of-remanufacture-through-enhanced-p66g23bnbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spread-of-results-for-engine-c-for-the-varying-254akesz.png Figure 4 Spread of results for Engine C for the varying Inspection Protocols https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variances-from-actual-for-each-cost-assessment-2ndh426l.png Table 4 Variances from Actual for each Cost Assessment Method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-confirms-these-results-as-the-spread-of-overall-39fjw8au.png Figure 4 Spread of results for Engine C for the varying Inspection Protocols https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistical-correlation-between-protocols-1-and-3-1tbwbc15.png Table 3 Statistical Correlation between Protocols 1 and 3 for Engine C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-research-design-13vphpzn.png Figure 2 Experimental Research Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-remanufacturing-process-nzjgn8s1.png Figure 1 Typical Remanufacturing Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-output-for-engine-c-overall-processing-time-jnwsb25s.png Table 2 ANOVA Output for Engine C, Overall Processing Time https://scispace.com/papers/improving-the-ni-i-atomic-model-for-solar-and-stellar-302loeaeym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-line-3abukdub.png Figure 8. Comparison between observed and synthetic line profiles at disk center. The solid lines show our calculation, the dashed lines the spectra calculated by Fontenla et al. (2011), and the dotted lines the Neckel (1999) solar atlas. The scale factor for all the lines is 1.28. All wavelengths are in a vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-spectral-1lk4sqfs.png Figure 9. Comparison between observed and synthetic spectral irradiance between 190 and 310 nm. The solid lines show our calculation, and the dashed lines the Composite 3 reference spectrum derived by Thuillier et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-atmospheric-models-for-the-solar-features-used-to-3ua2m751.png Figure 1. Atmospheric models for the solar features used to calculate the quietSun spectrum. These models were built by Fontenla et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ni-i-ni-ii-and-ni-iii-densities-relative-to-the-28r06lyo.png Figure 4. Ni i, Ni ii, and Ni iii densities relative to the Nitotal density for atmospheric model 1001 as a function of height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-line-3qg2xozl.png Figure 6. Comparison between observed and synthetic line profiles at disk center. The solid lines show our calculation, the dashed lines the spectra calculated by Fontenla et al. (2011), and the dotted lines the observations by Neckel (1999). The scale factors, in increasing wavelength order, are 1, 1, 0.91, 1, 1.18, and 1.18. All wavelengths are in a vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-departure-coefficients-b1-for-the-ground-state-of-1ue8shxt.png Figure 3. Departure coefficients b1 for the ground state of Ni i in the atmospheric models used to calculate the solar spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-departure-coefficients-b-for-selected-levels-of-ni-1qumixmg.png Figure 2. Departure coefficients b for selected levels of Ni i in atmospheric model 1001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-2oqu5nmj.png Figure 10. Comparison between observed and synthetic irradiance line profiles. The solid lines show our calculation, and the dotted lines the H&A observations. All wavelengths are in a vacuum. The scale factors between the observed and the calculated profile are, in increasing wavelength order, 1.9, 3.3, 3.5, 1.8, 0.75, and 0.83. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-the-ni-i-atomic-model-for-solar-and-stellar-2um8ewaogt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1zvepcdt.png Table 1 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-line-1actpgc9.png Figure 8. Comparison between observed and synthetic line profiles at disk center. The solid lines show our calculation, the dashed lines the spectra calculated by Fontenla et al. (2011), and the dotted lines the Neckel (1999) solar atlas. The scale factor for all the lines is 1.28. All wavelengths are in a vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-spectral-3ozl7hm9.png Figure 9. Comparison between observed and synthetic spectral irradiance between 190 and 310 nm. The solid lines show our calculation, and the dashed lines the Composite 3 reference spectrum derived by Thuillier et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-atmospheric-models-for-the-solar-features-used-to-2m8i2hvb.png Figure 1. Atmospheric models for the solar features used to calculate the quietSun spectrum. These models were built by Fontenla et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ni-i-ni-ii-and-ni-iii-densities-relative-to-the-qnli1ixh.png Figure 4. Ni i, Ni ii, and Ni iii densities relative to the Nitotal density for atmospheric model 1001 as a function of height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-departure-coefficients-b1-for-the-ground-state-of-lttsx7y4.png Figure 3. Departure coefficients b1 for the ground state of Ni i in the atmospheric models used to calculate the solar spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-departure-coefficients-b-for-selected-levels-of-ni-1hegt0qf.png Figure 2. Departure coefficients b for selected levels of Ni i in atmospheric model 1001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-observed-and-synthetic-k9e4yek0.png Figure 10. Comparison between observed and synthetic irradiance line profiles. The solid lines show our calculation, and the dotted lines the H&A observations. All wavelengths are in a vacuum. The scale factors between the observed and the calculated profile are, in increasing wavelength order, 1.9, 3.3, 3.5, 1.8, 0.75, and 0.83. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-the-spectral-analysis-of-hydrological-signals-to-uca6ebj1xq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-attributed-to-the-various-test-cases-15vwd9tt.png Table 1 Parameters Attributed to the Various Test Cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-discharge-rate-time-series-of-the-essonne-river-a-199xb3pj.png Figure 8. Discharge rate time series of the Essonne River (a) and Aube River (b) forming part of the larger Seine basin hydrosystem. Location of gauging stations is shown in Figure 7. “Median” and “Std” stand for median value and standard deviation of discharge over the period (m3/s). Comparison of rainfall streamflow experimental transfer functions, (c) Essonne and (d) Aube, and best matching theoretical transfer functions from the Monte Carlo sampling procedure. TF = transfer function; LR = linear reservoir; LD = linear Dupuit; LDrun = linear Dupuit with runoff; HYMIT = HYdrological MInimalist Transfer function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-location-and-context-of-the-essonne-and-aube-2idkxgox.png Figure 7. Location and context of the Essonne and Aube fluvial hydrosystems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-meshed-geometry-of-the-catchment-used-for-the-3scqfz1v.png Figure 1. (a) Meshed geometry of the catchment used for the Catchment Water Quality Simulator simulations. (b) Organizational chart of the transfer functions that are compared to the synthetic data generated with Catchment Water Quality Simulator. The various mathematical symbols refer to those used for the TF derivations presented in section 2. Note that “f” stands for “function of.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-effective-rainfall-hydraulic-head-3hdt0dda.png Figure 6. Comparison of effective rainfall-hydraulic head experimental transfer functions obtained from simulations with CaWaQS and theoretical transfer functions (no fitting or adjustments). The monitoring position of hydraulic head is x ≃ L∕2. The inset in the graph of case E is a visual reminder and synthesis of each case's properties (the dashed circles represent the scale for 𝛽). LR = linear reservoir; LD = linear Dupuit; LDrun = linear Dupuit with runoff; HYMIT = HYdrological MInimalist Transfer function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-effective-rainfall-discharge-alnl02a1.png Figure 5. Comparison of effective rainfall-discharge experimental transfer functions obtained from simulations with CaWaQS and theoretical transfer functions (no fitting or adjustments). The inset in the graph of case F is a visual reminder and synthesis of each case's properties (the dashed circles represent the scale for 𝛽). LR = linear reservoir; LD = linear Dupuit; LDrun = linear Dupuit with runoff; HYMIT = HYdrological MInimalist Transfer function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-meshed-geometry-of-the-catchment-used-for-the-3av07r0d.png Figure 4. (a) Meshed geometry of the catchment used for the CaWaQS simulations. (b) Organizational chart of the transfer functions that are compared to the synthetic data generated with CaWaQS. The various mathematical symbols refer to those used for the TF derivations presented in section 2. Note that “f” stands for “function of.” CaWaQS = Catchment Water Quality Simulator. HYMIT = HYdrological MInimalist LDrun = linear Dupuit with runoff; LD = linear Dupuit; LR = linear reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-effective-rainfall-discharge-transfer-functions-b-1xdnr7y3.png Figure 3. (a) Effective rainfall-discharge transfer functions. (b) Effective rainfall-hydraulic head transfer functions. Parameters: 𝛽 = 0.4 for LDrun and HYMIT and 𝜆 = 0.1 day−1, n = 4, and k = 8 day for HYMIT. Transfer functions for hydraulic head are computed for x = L∕10. All transfer functions are represented as a function of dimensionless frequency, as the frequency 𝜈 is here normalized by (1) 𝜈c = a∕(2𝜋S) for LR and (2) 𝜈c = T∕(2𝜋SL2) for LD, LDrun, and HYMIT. https://scispace.com/papers/impulsive-torque-control-of-biped-gait-with-power-packets-41wwiqmzwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-angle-and-angular-velocity-trajectories-with-n1-n2-pntxanjp.png Figure 10: Angle and angular velocity trajectories with (n1, n2) = (6, 4) and with deviation d2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-biped-robot-1q3njmfc.png Table 1: Parameters of the biped robot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-actuator-maxon-re40-148877-and-the-1inogaqm.png Table 2: Parameters of the actuator (MAXON RE40 148877) and the attached gear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-the-tdm-input-in-the-case-of-n1-n2-3-2-1n88nmbx.png Figure 4: Example of the TDM input in the case of (n1, n2) = (3, 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-angle-and-angular-velocity-trajectories-with-n1-n2-2mnpfzmq.png Figure 12: Angle and angular velocity trajectories with (n1, n2) = (6, 4) and with deviation d4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-combinations-of-n1-n2-which-generate-a-successful-y02rnopv.png Figure 13: Combinations of (n1, n2) which generate a successful gait. The circles “o” and crosses “x” in the plot represent the success and the failure in 100 steps gait, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-the-simulation-with-n1-n2-6-4-a-angle-3dwqup7i.png Figure 5: Results of the simulation with (n1, n2) = (6, 4). (a) Angle trajectories of both legs. (b) Angular velocity trajectories of both legs. (c) Current trajectory of motor 1. (d) Current trajectory of motor 2. (e) Enlarged view of current trajectory of motor 1. (f) Enlarged view of current trajectory of motor 2. (g) Torque trajectory of motor 1. (h) Torque trajectory of motor 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-angle-and-angular-velocity-trajectories-with-n1-n2-6ebu69xe.png Figure 11: Angle and angular velocity trajectories with (n1, n2) = (6, 4) and with deviation d3. https://scispace.com/papers/in-a-lonely-place-investigating-regional-differences-in-2zhafv0xyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-sample-size-for-zgtsd74c.png Table 1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Loneliness in Different Subsets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-linear-mixed-effects-model-including-all-3el7qtbo.png Table 2 Final Linear Mixed Effects Model Including all Predictors of Loneliness (Standardized) at the Individual Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-linear-mixed-effects-model-including-all-3asczslf.png Table 3 Final Linear Mixed Effects Model Including all Predictors of Loneliness (Standardized) at the Individual and the Regional Level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cartographic-visualization-of-regional-loneliness-3fm7vr7e.png Figure 1. Cartographic visualization of regional loneliness in Germany on the basis of the SOEP-Core wave 2013. Darker colors indicate geographical clustering of high loneliness scores, lighter colors indicate geographical clustering of low loneliness scores. Black lines indicate the borders of the 16 German federal states. When zooming into the digital version of this map, light-gray lines are visible. Light-gray lines indicate the borders of the 11,165 municipalities. Predictors of Loneliness at the Individual and the Regional Level https://scispace.com/papers/in-core-coolant-flow-monitoring-of-pressurized-water-1kdpa23vca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-342kwkre.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2kzzgxp9.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cpsd-coherences-ietween-an-in-core-neutron-detector-at-1ilvmlzx.png Fig. 2. CPSD coherences \ietween an in-core neutron detector at 66 en froo the core bottoa and coro-exlt thermocouples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inferred-coolant-flow-velocities-corrected-for-2d2dfoq2.png TABLE 2 Inferred Coolant Flow Velocities Corrected for Thermocouple Response https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coolant-flow-velocities-inferred-from-in-core-2dgzf2g8.png TABLE 1 Coolant Flow Velocities Inferred from In-core Neutron/Core-exlt Temperature Noise https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-0-0-3-i-frequency-hi-yi4hnqik.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/in-cylinder-studies-of-split-injection-in-a-single-cylinder-318n0foape 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-injection-strategies-2dxg5my8.png Table 4 Injection Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-conditions-cmdh2urz.png Table 3 Test Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-cylinder-pressure-and-heat-release-rate-for-1f5hw946.png Figure 3 In-cylinder Pressure and Heat Release Rate for Split Injection Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-injection-rate-profiles-for-split-injection-3cva8qum.png Figure 2 Injection Rate Profiles for Split Injection Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-engine-output-and-emissions-values-for-split-2e7m5h2r.png Figure 6 Engine Output and Emissions Values for Split Injection Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ricardo-hydra-engine-specifications-1mtmco94.png Table 1 Ricardo Hydra Engine Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sectional-schematic-view-of-the-optical-layout-2rx7qugj.png Figure 1 Sectional Schematic View of the Optical Layout https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fuel-injection-equipment-specifications-13257yvv.png Table 2 Fuel Injection Equipment Specifications https://scispace.com/papers/in-search-of-simplicity-a-self-organizing-group-1jy3cj3htg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-90-tile-rdp-for-umm-and-alternative-solutions-for-2l8abpla.png Figure 4: 90%-tile RDP for UMM and alternative solutions for overlay size varying from 64 to 1024 nodes. For UMM, Narada, and flooding, each point presents, average values from at least 9 runs (20 for UMM), while error bars present minimum and maximum values. Structured overlay results (labeled as DHT in the plot) present the average RDP for the best of three heuristics considered by Jain while the performance of alternative heuristics is presented in the error bars. Non-UMM results are extracted from Jain et al. [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-link-stress-for-umm-and-alternative-50i6kxy2.png Figure 5: Maximum link stress for UMM and alternative solutions. Each point presents average values from at least 9 runs (20 for UMM), while the error bars present minimum and maximum values. Non-UMM results are extracted from Jain et al. [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-link-stress-for-umm-and-alternative-3842qe6o.png Figure 3: Maximum link stress for UMM and alternative solutions for 64 to 1024 node overlays. Each point presents average values from at least 10 runs (20 for UMM), while the error bars for UMM present min. and max. values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-90-tile-rdp-for-umm-and-alternative-solutions-for-3j96hgtr.png Figure 2: 90%-tile RDP for UMM and alternative solutions for 64 to 1024 node overlays. Each point presents, average values from at least 10 runs over different physical topologies. M stands for Macedon implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-90-tile-solid-lines-and-median-dashed-rdp-jse5b1al.png Figure 6: 90%-tile (solid lines) and median (dashed) RDP comparison with distribution trees extracted by heuristics using global knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-umm-delivery-rates-under-churn-average-delivery-17ihx9rb.png Figure 7: UMM delivery rates under churn. Average delivery rates for 128 to 512 node overlays under various mean lifetime distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extracting-a-dissemination-tree-rooted-at-a-left-3sr9pf75.png Figure 1: Extracting a dissemination tree rooted at A. Left: Flooded messages from source A before B and C detect that tunnel B-C is unnecessary. Right: B and C filter out the link BC for messages sourced at A. https://scispace.com/papers/in-silico-prediction-and-experimental-verification-of-ionic-54j3r0ohfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-summarises-the-machine-learning-performances-30w6u47v.png Table 2: Table summarises the machine learning performances for different regression methods applied to independent calibration and test sets. R2cv is the 5-fold cross-validated squared correlation coefficient. Numbers in brackets in the RMSE column are the corresponding mean absolute errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-table-summarises-the-machine-learning-performances-2wgrq8bn.png Table 5: Table summarises the machine learning performances for different regression methods applied to experimentally synthesized ILs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-summarises-the-predictive-performances-for-332dic8q.png Table 3: Table summarises the predictive performances for different regression methods applied to the different cation groups across the entire data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-table-lists-the-model-predictions-for-new-ils-1cy6z8jc.png Table 4: Table lists the model predictions for new ILs synthesized. nD is the experimental refractive index measured at temperature T (K) and n̂D the ML predicted values along with the bootstrap uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-experimental-data-with-respect-to-the-qzgu1wyt.png Table 1: Summary of the experimental data with respect to the popular cation classes found in the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-each-model-the-20-most-prominent-variables-noiykb7x.png Figure 2: For each model, the 20 most prominent variables influencing the nD predictions are shown (A) PLSR, (B) GBM (C) Cubist and (D) RF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-each-model-absolute-errors-absolute-value-of-1sq8rvwu.png Figure 3: For each model, absolute errors (absolute value of each error) vs the corresponding bootstrap uncertainties are shown as a 2D histogram. The counts reflect the number of instances where the two values/bins overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visual-summary-of-the-data-based-on-pca-a-explained-3f29vh39.png Figure 1: Visual summary of the data based on PCA: (A) Explained variances for the first 10 PCs. (B) Score plot with respect to the first two PCs, shows the locations of the prominent cation families (imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium, phosphanium), (C) and (D) show the variable contributions with respect to PC1 and PC2. For brevity, only the top 25 variables are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-detection-of-an-initial-elastic-relaxation-stage-494s73p514 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-image-of-the-50-nm-thick-in0-2ga0-8as-layer-747y4qfp.png Figure 2. AFM image of the 50-nm-thick In0.2Ga0.8As layer grown at 0.2 ML/s. A line profile is presented at the upper right part of the figure. Below it, an average profile of the whole image along [110] direction, excluding the high ridge appearing at the left side, is shown. Both profiles have been plotted with the same height scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indium-composition-x-and-relaxation-degree-r-as-1vo10ijt.png Table 1 Indium composition x, and relaxation degree R, as obtained from the in situ and real-time stress measurements and post growth X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization for InxGa1-xAs / GaAs (001) layers grown at two different growth rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-situ-and-real-time-measurements-of-accumulated-3m3p97lr.png Fig. 1. In situ and real-time measurements of accumulated stress () and laser light scattering (LLS) signal evolution during growth of InxGa1-xAs/GaAs (001) layers, with nominal indium content x=0.2, at different growth rates: (a) rg = 0.5 ML/s; (b) rg = 0.2 ML/s. The dashed lines represent the linear fits of the initial part of the curves, from which the composition can be calculated. The solid circles correspond to the relaxation degree value obtained from post-growth X-ray diffraction measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-compression-and-x-ray-computed-tomography-of-flow-2so6xewt9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-experimental-set-up-showing-the-compression-rig-1boh4tbk.png Figure 1 The experimental set up showing the compression rig in the CT machine (a) and an X–ray https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-summation-of-the-xz-orthoslices-summed-in-the-y-3pspw0r9.png Figure 5 Summation of the xz orthoslices (summed in the y-direction) of the binarised 4 × data sets for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3d-rendering-left-and-orthoslices-right-of-the-ex-200hqsrf.png Figure 4 3D rendering (left) and orthoslices (right) of the ex situ felt after compression, shown here for the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-rendering-of-the-4-x-binarised-data-sets-for-0-1q2p8ngi.png Figure 3 3D rendering of the 4 × binarised data sets for 0% (blue), 25% (red), 50% (yellow), 75% (green) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-greyscale-orthoslices-of-the-reconstructed-x-ray-ct-2i3to3v4.png Figure 2 Greyscale orthoslices of the reconstructed X-ray CT data in both the xy and xz planes, for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-positions-1-5-and-top-yellow-middle-blue-and-ov9bgcsf.png Figure 13 (positions 1-5 and top (yellow), middle (blue) and bottom (red)) for compressions 0% - 75% (top to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-porosity-black-and-the-volume-specific-4yhucu0v.png Figure 6 Change in porosity (black) and the volume specific surface area (red) of the felt with compression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-slice-by-slice-porosity-of-the-xy-slices-at-0-black-ziruo592.png Figure 7 Slice-by-slice porosity of the xy slices at 0% (black), 25% (red), 50% (blue) and 75% (pink) https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-electro-plastic-treatment-for-thermomechanical-dp9tvlcs4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-reduction-of-sample-thickness-and-strain-rate-as-a-34xpc3lm.png Fig. 2. The reduction (%) of sample thickness and strain rate as a function of electro-plastic rolling surface speed for CP Ti wire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-normalized-joule-heating-energy-for-the-isept-samples-2tkppbkr.png Fig. 26. Normalized Joule heating energy for the ISEPT samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-effect-of-electro-plastic-rolling-orientation-on-the-37y4b18m.png Fig. 15. Effect of electro-plastic rolling orientation on the reduction of 5x3 mm CP Ti strip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-the-estimated-sample-s-resistance-uo-and-current-1s9ufpbq.png Fig. 22. The estimated sample's resistance (µΩ) and current application time (s) as a function of RSS for CP Ti Wire. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-rolling-surface-speed-on-oxygen-and-nitrogen-3qd9qa0v.png Fig. 4. Effect of rolling surface speed on oxygen and nitrogen content of CP-Ti wire during ISEPT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-rolling-surface-speed-on-grain-size-and-2jva4qk6.png Fig. 3. Effect of rolling surface speed on grain size and microhardness of CP-Ti wire during ISEPT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-rss-on-thickness-reduction-for-5x3-mm-cross-yme12p67.png Fig. 10. Effect of RSS on thickness reduction for 5×3 mm cross-section CP Ti strip at 1.5 kA and 0.7 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rss-as-a-function-of-reduction-for-electro-plastic-22m9ilht.png Fig. 7. RSS as a function of reduction for electro-plastic treated 6.5×5 mm CP-Ti strip. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-infrared-study-of-4-4-bipyridine-adsorption-on-thin-9xv4bhrpsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-selected-seiras-spectra-of-3-mm-44-bp-adsorbed-on-3pt3gb8u.png Figure 5. Selected SEIRAS spectra of 3 mM 4,4′-BP adsorbed on an Au (20 nm (111)) electrode in 0.05 M KClO4 as a function of potential, measured simultaneously with a slow scan voltammogram (5 mV s-1, negative potential sweep): (A) overview spectra; (B) zoom-out of the low-frequency range; (C) contour plot. 200 single scans are averaged within each potential interval of 42 mV. The reference spectrum was measured at 0.20 V (phase I). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-orientation-derived-from-seiras-experiments-and-y8xap3oh.png Figure 9. Orientation (derived from SEIRAS experiments) and packing (STM31) models of 4,4′-BP on Au(111). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cyclic-voltammograms-of-quasi-111-au-20-nm-film-3sxyysz1.png Figure 1. (A) Cyclic voltammograms of quasi-(111) Au (20 nm) film (solid lines) and stepped Au(15 15 13) (dotted lines) electrodes in contact with 0.05 M H2SO4, scan rate 10 mV s-1. The curve showing just the double layer region was recorded with 50 mV s-1 and is plotted in a magnified current scale as indicated. Panels B, C, and D show ex situ STM and AFM images of the Au (20 nm) film electrodes, as obtained immedeately after evaporation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cyclic-voltammogram-for-au-111-solid-line-or-au-20-ksln4iji.png Figure 2. Cyclic voltammogram for Au(111) (solid line) or Au (20 nm (111)) (dotted line)/0.05 M KClO4 in the presence of 3 mM 4,4′-BP, scan rate 10 mV s-1. In situ STM images represent various stages of the potential-dependent adsorption/phase formation processes: (A) electrochemically annealed Au(111)(1 × 1) surface at 0.20 V; (B) 4,4′-BP adlayer I at 0.17 V; (C, D) 4,4′-BP adlayer II at -0.23 and at -0.21 V; (E) organic adlayer at -0.32 V. The corresponding unit cells are indicated. The stability regions of the various adlayer phases are labeled I-IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-vibrational-modes-of-44-bpa-k03vfm9h.png Table 1. Characteristic Vibrational Modes of 4,4′-BPa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-ir-and-raman-spectra-of-44-bp-a-ir-1e1tgxhq.png Figure 7. Comparison of IR and Raman spectra of 4,4′-BP: (A) IR spectrum of crystalline 4,4′-BP; (B) SEIRAS spectrum of 3 mM 4,4′-BP in 0.05 M KClO4/Au (20 nm (111)) at 0.20 V; (C) Raman spectrum of crystalline 4,4′-BP (λ ) 632 nm); (D, E) SERS spectra of 3 mM 4,4′-BP in 0.05 M KClO4 on a roughened Au(poly) electrode48 at 0.20 and -0.60 V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-selected-potential-dependent-sfg-spectra-of-3-mm-44-2ufwjgx8.png Figure 8. Selected potential-dependent SFG spectra of 3 mM 4,4′-BP in 0.05 M KClO4 on Au(111).49 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-coordinate-system-a-and-normal-modes-of-2j03klef.png Figure 4. Molecular coordinate system (A) and normal modes of experimentally observed in-plane B3u and B2u vibrations, with the spectral assignment taken from refs 26, 59, and 60. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-investigation-of-mgo-nanocube-deformation-at-room-2s90kqbj8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-stress-strain-curves-of-mgo-nanocubes-301f37u0.png Fig. 4 (Color online) Stress-strain curves of MgO nanocubes from MD compression simulations. - : Images of nanocubes during compression. Green lines correspond to dislocations and red arrows represent ½ <110> Burgers vector orientation. - show the evolution of the 5.9 nm sample. - show the dislocation organization at the end of the first nucleation peak of the 12.6 nm sample. The blue circle shows a dislocation junction embryo. The coordinates system is oriented along the cubic directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-sem-image-of-smoked-mgo-nanocubes-b-3ehmaayy.png Fig. 1 (Color online) (a) SEM image of smoked MgO nanocubes. (b) HRTEM image of a nanocube. In the inset, the diffraction pattern shows {200} crystallographic planes with a lattice spacing of about 2.15 Å. The sample is fully crystalline and surfaces are oriented along the <100> directions. (c) WBDF TEM image of two nanocubes free of bulk lattice defects. Only few contrasts due to contacts between adjacent cubes can be observed. (d) Scheme of the nanocompression experimental set-up. For the sake of clarity, the size of the sample has been widely increased compared to other components. (e) Scheme of the MD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-stress-strain-curve-for-a-140-nm-edge-lengths-mgo-12ncf5d5.png Fig. 2 (a): Stress-strain curve for a 140 nm edge lengths MgO nanocube compressed in situ. Five loading-unloading cycles are shown. Black arrows refer to snapshots. (b)-(e): Images at 𝜀=1.2%, 𝜀 =18.7%, 𝜀 =49.7% and 𝜀 =78.9% true strain are represented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-stress-strain-curves-for-two-mgo-2vks82bv.png Fig. 3 (Color online) Stress-strain curves for two MgO nanocubes of 90 (red line) and 120 (black line) nm edge lengths. In the inset: TEM image of a 120 nm sample during https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-tem-images-of-a-140-nm-mgo-nanocube-20lupi0m.png Fig. 5 (Color online) TEM images of a 140 nm MgO nanocube during the first cycle of load. Dashed red lines show a contrast band that escapes progressively the sample. Green lines show an arrangement of contrast bands that are attributed to the formation of a dislocation network. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-investigation-of-lead-free-solder-alloy-formation-azda33vwy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-34bizvg8.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3a-f-forming-process-eutectic-80au20sn-powder-mixture-2f55suuy.png Fig. 3a-f. Forming process (eutectic 80Au20Sn powder mixture with a small amount of Ni) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-metal-solder-spheres-a-cu-1-1mm-b-90pb10sn-1k5rsymn.png Fig. 2. Examples of metal (solder) spheres; a) Cu (1.1mm) b) 90Pb10Sn (2.1mm) c) 80Au20Sn(Ni) (3.5mm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hardness-values-of-au-sn-phases-measured-in-this-nhitsbqz.png Table 1. Hardness values of Au-Sn phases measured in this work with values from the literature for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-au-sn-phase-diagram-9-16-17-2erpvz2l.png Fig. 7. Au-Sn phase diagram [9, 16, 17] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-show-a-melting-and-solidification-sequence-of-the-3ogtlgqv.png Fig. 4 show a melting and solidification sequence of the solder sphere, formed in the previous forming step (Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-f-heating-and-conditioning-process-eutectic-80au20sn-2mpsg8t0.png Fig. 4 show a melting and solidification sequence of the solder sphere, formed in the previous forming step (Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lom-cross-section-bright-eutectic-80au20sn-matrix-with-3ewed87x.png Fig. 5. LOM cross-section; bright eutectic 80Au20Sn matrix with dark ζ’ phase (Au5Sn) precipitates. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-ir-study-of-the-anodic-polarization-of-gold-5ao09h5vv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-the-intensity-changes-of-the-various-38rkz3dg.png Figure 5. Plots of the intensity changes of the various molecular species generated in the thin layer during electrochemical polarization and observed in the SNIFTIRS spectra as a function of applied potential in the gold electrode as a function of applied potential in DMSO and DMF solvents containing pseudohalide ions and 0.1 mol L−1 TBAP. (a) 0.05 mol L−1 NaSCN in DMSO, (b) 0.05 mol L−1 NaSCN in DMF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-electrospray-mass-spectra-of-the-model-solutions-3lrehkup.png Figure 10. Electrospray mass spectra of the model solutions prepared with KAuBr4 salts and pseudohalide salts in DMSO solution where [KAuBr4] = 0.025 mol L−1, [NaSCN] = 0.1 mol L−1 and different amounts of KOCN salt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cyclic-voltammograms-of-the-gold-electrode-in-dmf-3oeyzkou.png Figure 1. Cyclic voltammograms of the gold electrode in DMF and DMSO solvents containing pseudohalide ions and 0.1 mol L−1 TBAP (sweep rate = 20 mV/s): 0.025 mol L−1 KOCN in (a) DMF and (b) DMSO, 0.05 mol L−1 NaSCN in (a) DMF and (b) DMSO, 0.05 mol L−1 KSeCN in (a) DMF and (b) DMSO. Arrows show the path actually traced upon conducting the forward and backward sweep of potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-series-of-sniftirs-spectra-of-the-gold-electrode-as-rpbst29s.png Figure 6. Series of SNIFTIRS spectra of the gold electrode as a function of applied potential in DMSO and DMF solvents containing pseudohalide ions and 0.1 mol L−1 TBAP. (a) 0.05 mol L−1 KSeCN in DMSO, (b) 0.05 mol L−1 KSeCN in DMF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-transmission-ir-spectra-of-the-model-solutions-b8z7xhxr.png Figure 9. Transmission IR spectra of the model solutions prepared with KAuBr4 salts and pseudohalide salts in DMSO solution where KAuBr4 = 0.025 mol L−1, NaSCN = 0.1 mol L−1 and different amounts of KOCN salt. (a) 1:4 KAuBr4: NCS− mole ratio solutions. (b) 1:4:1 KAuBr4 : NCS− : NCO− mole ratio solutions. (c) 1:4:2 KAuBr4 : NCS− : NCO− mole ratio solutions. (d) 1:4:4 KAuBr4 : NCS− : NCO− mole ratio solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ftir-data-from-in-situ-ir-spectroelectrochemical-14xygfkq.png Table I. FTIR data from in situ IR spectroelectrochemical studies of Au/NCX− systems electrochemically polarized in 0.1 mol L−1 TBAP in DMSO or DMF solvents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-the-intensity-changes-of-the-various-lk30byri.png Figure 3. Plots of the intensity changes of the various molecular species generated in the thin layer during electrochemical polarization and observed in the SNIFTIRS spectra as a function of applied potential in the gold electrode as a function of applied potential in DMSO and DMF solvents containing pseudohalide ions and 0.1 mol L−1 TBAP. (a) 0.025 mol L−1 KOCN in DMSO, (b) 0.025 mol L−1 KOCN in DMF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-electrospray-mass-spectra-of-the-model-solutions-1vyuuosu.png Figure 12. Electrospray mass spectra of the model solutions prepared with KAuBr4 salts and pseudohalide salts in DMSO solution where [KAuBr4] = 0.025 mol L−1, [KSeCN] = 0.1 mol L−1 and different amounts of KOCN salt. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-reduction-and-evaluation-of-anode-supported-single-4gu2qsfaqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-polarization-curves-of-cell-2-at-600degc-for-each-3fz427v1.png Fig. 11: Polarization curves of cell 2 at 600°C for each Rmix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-micrograph-of-the-cell-1-anode-ni-cgo-electrolyte-cgo-3quogbu7.png Fig. 4: Micrograph of the cell 1 (anode: Ni-CGO, electrolyte: CGO (25µm thick), cathode LSCFCGO) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weight-variation-tga-and-heat-flow-dsc-of-the-anode-z2mit2fc.png Fig. 3: Weight variation (TGA) and heat flow (DSC) of the anode under 10% of CH4 in nitrogen during 3 minutes and then under Rmix=2 at 700°C (dashed line is the theoretical weight % of the anode if the reduction of NiO is complete) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-exothermic-effect-t-tsample-tfurnace-during-cell-1-20dlwmoz.png Fig. 5: Exothermic effect ( T = Tsample - Tfurnace) during cell 1 measurement for each Rmix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-polarization-curves-of-cell-1-at-600degc-for-each-rmix-1o7b0kg3.png Fig. 6: Polarization curves of cell 1 at 600°C for each Rmix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-power-densities-of-cell-1-versus-temp-rature-oei2s8sr.png Fig. 8: Maximum power densities of cell 1 versus temp rature for each Rmix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ocv-of-cell-1-versus-temperature-for-each-rmix-3vzrqtze.png Fig. 7: OCV of cell 1 versus temperature for each Rmix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-micrograph-of-the-cell-2-anode-ni-cgo-electrolyte-cgo-3se45xxd.png Fig. 10: Micrograph of the cell 2 (anode: Ni-CGO, electrolyte: CGO (50µm thick), cathode LSCF-CGO) https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-study-of-erosion-and-deposition-of-amorphous-38w1k1nx9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-evolution-of-h-d-and-c-areal-densities-during-the-2h523vy2.png Figure 4. (a) Evolution of H, D and C areal densities during the erosion experiment at 580 K sample temperature. Each data point for the H and D areal density was obtained from an ERDA spectrum recorded with the Li beam. The C areal density was determined from the shift of the Si edge. The ratio (H+D)/C is shown as a dashed line. (b) The initial part of the data from (a) displayed on a shorter time scale for the first 30 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rbs-spectra-measured-by-the-li-ion-beam-before-and-3k3vi95v.png Figure 5. RBS spectra measured by the Li ion beam before and after the exposure to D at 296 K. The carbon signal is not able to be detected but the shift toward lower energies due to the deposition of C:H layer is observed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-and-simulated-rbs-spectra-obtained-by-a-1-3uta7bmz.png Figure 6. Measured and simulated RBS spectra obtained by a 1.56 MeV proton beam. For the simulated spectrum, an accurate cross section for 12C(p,p)12C from Ref. 21 is used for the 12C peak, while an adjusted value (×0.5) is used for 13C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dual-beam-experimental-configuration-for-the-in-34q3i09o.png Figure 1. The dual beam experimental configuration for the in situ studies of hydrogen atom interaction with materials by ion beam methods ERDA and RBS. The hydrogen atom beam is produced by a hot capillary source (HABS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lateral-thickness-distribution-after-the-exposure-1biu0ahh.png Figure 8. Lateral thickness distribution after the exposure to the D beam at 296 K. The thickness is homogeneous, representing a homogenous deposited layer on top of the initial layer. The reference thickness was provided by masking the sample with holding clamps. The small elliptical crater in the middle is the trace of the probing MeV ion beam, since ERDA and RBS spectra were recorded during the D exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-h-d-and-c-areal-densities-during-the-exposure-at-1czezaw4.png Figure 7. H, D and C areal densities during the exposure at 296 K. Each data point of the H and D areal density was obtained from one ERDA spectrum procured by the Li beam. The C areal density represents the carbon mass 12 that is being deposited on top of the a13C:H layer and was determined from the shift of the Si edge. The ratio D/12C is shown as a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lateral-thickness-distribution-of-the-eroded-layer-me81bwdx.png Figure 2. Lateral thickness distribution of the eroded layer measured ex-situ by ellipsometry. The thinner the layer, the higher was the local atomic flux density during the exposure. Part of the sample was masked by holding clamps providing the original thickness of the layer as a reference. A thin shadow of the thermocouple is visible adjacent to the upper clamp. The area where the ion probing beam hit the sample is marked as “Beam”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-rbs-spectra-measured-by-the-1-56-mev-proton-beam-1eiqxog3.png Figure 3. (a) RBS spectra measured by the 1.56 MeV proton beam before and after the exposure to the D beam at 580 K sample temperature. Carbon 13C is visible as a peak on top of the step-like signal from the bulk Si substrate. A simulated spectrum, where the 13C peak was fitted by using the cross section for 12C(p,p)12C divided by two, is shown as a solid line. The shift of the Si edge accompanied by a decrease of the 13C peak is due to the erosion of the a-13C:H layer. (b) RBS spectra measured by the Li beam before and after the exposure to D. The RBS carbon signal cannot be separated from the Si bulk signal but the shift at the Si edge due to the erosion of a13C:H layer is clearly visible. https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-and-in-vivo-inhibition-of-daphnia-magna-3etjuu6t28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-vitro-effect-of-dbs-sds-and-y-on-ache-activity-of-d-msdoher1.png Fig. 1. In vitro effect of DBS, SDS and Y on AChE activity of D. magna. Values are the mean of three replicates with Ž .correspondent 95% error bars S.E.M. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-vivo-effect-of-dbs-sds-and-y-on-ache-activity-of-d-1ulndt7u.png Fig. 2. In vivo effect of DBS, SDS and Y on AChE activity of D. magna. Values are the mean of three replicates with Ž .correspondent 95% error bars S.E.M. . https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-assessment-of-phytochemicals-antioxidant-and-dna-izd1g68dnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hypochlorous-acid-scavenging-activity-of-70-1kfnsd62.png Figure 6. Hypochlorous acid scavenging activity of 70% methanolic extract of Elaeagnus latifolia Linn. (ELME) and the standard ascorbic acid. All data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 6). *: P < 0.05 and ***: P < 0.001 vs. 0 µg⋅mL–1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-70-methanolic-extract-of-elaeagnus-1o7719un.png Figure 7. Effect of 70% methanolic extract of Elaeagnus latifolia Linn. (ELME) (above) and the standard EDTA (below) on ferrozine-Fe2+ complex formation. The results are mean ± S.D. (n = 6). ***: P < 0.001 vs. 0 µg⋅mL–1. https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-fatigue-behavior-of-human-dentin-with-implications-kzsas3tmu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-life-s-n-data-for-dentin-in-hbss-in-the-form-2l7dgl0x.png Figure 4: Stress-life (S/N) data for dentin in HBSS in the form of the stress amplitude, σa, as a function of the number of cycles to failure, Nf. Results were obtained at frequencies of 2 Hz and 20 Hz, with a load ratio of R = 0.1. Horizontal arrows represent samples that did not fail. Inset shows the definition of the various stresses associated with the fatigue cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stress-life-and-stress-time-data-for-fatigue-and-250ksfv9.png Table I: Stress-life and stress-time data for fatigue and sustained-load cracking (SLC) in human dentin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-predicted-fatigue-lives-in-terms-of-the-number-of-2wgwjbun.png Figure 12: Predicted fatigue lives, in terms of the number of loading cycles Nf, as a function of the initial flaw size, ao, for a range of in-service stresses based on a hypothetical fracturemechanics life-prediction analysis for a tooth subjected to typical physiological stresses between 5-20 MPa. Time-based lifetime estimates are based on a nominal 106 cycles per year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-illustration-of-the-cantilever-beam-3i8ki06e.png Figure 3: Schematic illustration of the cantilever beam geometry used for in vitro fatigue and sustained-load stress-life testing. Each dentin beam tested included some root dentin and some coronal dentin. Testing was conducted in HBSS at ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-corresponding-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-the-2m3eq5fx.png Figure 8: Corresponding scanning electron micrographs of the overload fracture region of the fracture surface. Although this fracture surface is macroscopically “rougher” than that of the fatigue fracture surfaces, the morphology is essentially identical. Some evidence of pullout of the peritubular dentin cuffs (indicated by white arrows) can again be seen. The nominal direction of crack growth is from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-higher-magnification-scanning-electron-micrographs-3hs5ek20.png Figure 7: Higher magnification scanning electron micrographs of the cyclic fatigue region of the fracture surface, showing evidence of pullout of the peritubular dentin cuffs (indicated by white arrows). The nominal direction of crack growth is from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-micrograph-illustrating-the-typical-microstructure-2bsm4i4o.png Figure 2: Micrograph illustrating the typical microstructure of human dentin. The most striking feature is the pseudo-periodically placed 1-2 µm diameter tubules. The orientation of the micrograph is perpendicular to the long axis of the tubules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-typical-stiffness-loss-data-obtained-during-a-1g751o0i.png Figure 10: Typical stiffness-loss data obtained during a stress-life test, showing the drop in maximum load at constant displacement as a function of the number of loading cycles. (a) The stiffness is relatively constant for the majority of the test, until (b) it drops significantly near the end. This implies that the majority of the life is spent in initiating a growing crack. https://scispace.com/papers/in-vivo-effect-of-chronic-hypoxia-on-the-neurochemical-33ykybns24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-postnatal-chronic-hypoxia-on-body-weight-1slr58m2.png Table 1 Effect of postnatal chronic hypoxia on body weight, brain weight, hematocrit, brain iron concentration, and brain water content of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-chronic-hypoxia-on-creatine-n-2razoj20.png Fig. 3. Effect of chronic hypoxia on creatine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamine, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), myo-inositol, phosphorylethanolamine, and taurine concentrations, and phosphocreatine/creatine (PCr/Cr) and glutamate/glutamine (Glu/Gln) ratios during hippocampal development in the chronic hypoxia and normoxia groups. Values are mean F SD; n = 23 in the chronic hypoxia group and n = 14 in the normoxia group. The normoxia data are from a previously published study [50]. There were developmental changes between postnatal days 14 and 28 in all metabolites ( P b 0.03 each). 1Metabolites affected by chronic hypoxia and 2metabolites affected by age * chronic hypoxia, respectively ( P b 0.001 each; MANOVA). Asterisks denote significant differences between groups at each postnatal age (*P b 0.02, **P b 0.001, and ***P b 0.0001; Bonferroni-adjusted unpaired t test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neurochemical-concentrations-in-the-hippocampus-of-18obsgah.png Fig. 2. Neurochemical concentrations in the hippocampus of postnatal day (P) 28 r were studied on all three postnatal days (P14, P21, and P28); Cross-sectional repr mean F SD; n = 4 in each group (P not significant; two-tailed unpaired t test). Ab glucose, Glu: glutamate, Gln: glutamine, GSH: glutathione, GPC: glycerophospho N-acetylaspartylglutamate, PCr: phosphocreatine, PCho: phosphorylcholine, PE: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mri-and-1h-nmr-spectra-from-the-hippocampus-of-chronic-8zpsh0tg.png Fig. 1. MRI and 1H NMR spectra from the hippocampus of chronic hypoxia (Pane (A: 2.5 1.3 3.0 mm3; B: 2.5 1.5 3.0 mm3) is placed on the left hippocam spectral regions (3.8 to 4.1 ppm) demonstrating signals of creatine and phosphoc Abbreviations. Asp: aspartate, Cr: creatine, GABA: g-aminobutyric acid, Glu: glu myo-inositol, NAA: N-acetylaspartate, NAAG: N-acetylaspartylglutamate, PCr: ph Tau: taurine. https://scispace.com/papers/inaugural-description-of-cogan-syndrome-in-an-hiv-infected-1vafg8o35x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a1-a2-magnetic-resonance-imaging-of-the-brain-coronal-3vitg0vh.png Fig. 1 a1, a2 Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Coronal T1-weighted image showing contrast enhancement of bilateral cochlea (white arrows, a1) and vestibular nerves (white arrows, a2), predominantly on the left side. Photograph of the left eye demonstrating typical features of interstitial keratitis: b diffuse corneal haze, c central midstromal haze revealed by slit-lamp examination https://scispace.com/papers/ince-igne-aspiratlarinda-metastatik-yassi-epitel-hucreli-hs9o0qxsxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-of-case-3-a-1cz2142z.png Fig. 3. Fine needle aspiration cytology of Case 3 (a) demonstrating squamous epithelium, and lymphocytes demonstrating patchy areas of nuclear atypia on a dirty background (HE x20). Histopathologic appearance of the surgical specimen in Case 3 (b) demonstrating lymphoid tissue islets in aggregates on the walls of the cyst lined with multilayered squamous epithelium (HE x10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cytologic-examination-of-the-fine-needle-aspiration-1ca65ghm.png Fig. 2. Cytologic examination of the fine needle aspiration biopsy in Case 2 demonstrating necrotic changes on a dirty background, squamatoid cells with dark hyperchromatic nuclei, and eosinophilic dense cytoplasm in loose cohesive groups or isolated cells some of them with elongated cytoplasms, and lymphocytes (HE x20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-of-case-1-a-t9xsizh9.png Fig. 1. Fine needle aspiration cytology of Case 1 (a) demonstrating hyperchromatic squamous epithelium with large nuclei, inflammatory elements mainly composed of lymphocytes, and anuclear squamous components on a necrotic background (Giemsa x20). Postoperative histopathologic appearance of Case 1 (b) demonstrating lymphoid elements, and inflammatory cells on the cyst wall lined with multilayered squamous epithelium with patchy areas of desquamation (HE x20). https://scispace.com/papers/incidental-vocabulary-acquisition-from-stories-second-and-1fy4l7br5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-between-the-reading-2q9jbmco.png Table 2. Correlation coefficients between the reading, vocabulary and target-word acquisition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-on-vocabulary-reading-and-target-word-3j4y5dad.png Table 1. Performance on vocabulary, reading and target-word acquisition as a function of grade. https://scispace.com/papers/incipient-bulk-polycrystal-plasticity-observed-by-1d8q95eqh0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-edge-on-o-values-in-for-the-two-slip-systems-with-2gnqxqiw.png Table 3. Edge-on ω values (in ◦) for the two slip systems with the highest Schmid factor in the 3 grains; ω values in bold are used to show the topographs in edge-on configuration in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-topographs-integrated-over-th-in-edge-on-2r4811to.png Figure 5. Topographs, integrated over Θ, in edge-on configuration for each grain of the cluster and different load levels; videos of the complete ω set are available as Supplementary Material for Grain 4 in the initial and deformed states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-3-grains-selected-for-tt-imaging-the-2gdrzctp.png Table 1. Details of the 3 grains selected for TT imaging; the orientation convention is consistent with [28]; and angle values are given in ◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-details-on-the-3-grain-cluster-a-3d-visualization-32p4c0zm.png Figure 3. Details on the 3-grain cluster (a) 3D visualization of the grains (b); XZ slice through the 3 grains; (c) inverse pole figure of the gauge length with the 3 grain orientations of interest highlighted; (d) Θ integration range automatically determined at each loading step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-identification-of-the-bands-as-slip-plane-traces-925et58s.png Figure 6. Identification of the bands as slip plane traces visible in the edge-on geometrical configuration in the topographs; here, the two observed active slip planes are shown for one of the two ω angles; the active slip plane locations within the grains have been measured manually and displayed in 3D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-experimentally-simulated-full-1d5lbac7.png Figure 11. Comparison between experimentally simulated full width of the effective misorientation (FWEM) at ε = 0.34× 10−2 for the three investigated grains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-simulated-rocking-curves-for-grain-4-at-o-165-at-21n5xdx9.png Figure 10. (a) Simulated rocking curves for Grain 4 at ω = 165◦ at four different strain levels; (b) comparison between experimental and simulated rocking curves at ε = 0.34× 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-parameters-identified-from-the-macroscopic-zxylu0n7.png Table 2. Material parameters identified from the macroscopic tensile tests. https://scispace.com/papers/inclusion-characteristics-and-outcomes-of-people-requiring-3ry8kwzmrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-types-and-rates-of-intervention-components-2fy9gxk0.png Figure 5 Types and rates of intervention components, including for sample of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-types-and-rates-of-outcomes-measured-1fmtzdtj.png Figure 4: Types and rates of outcomes measured https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-characteristics-u2hx7y8c.png Table 1 Study characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intervention-characteristics-19wnqivf.png Table 3 Intervention characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-types-and-rates-of-outcomes-measured-1pl7n01e.png Figure 4: Types and rates of outcomes measured https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-wsce7ipv.png Figure 1 PRISMA Flow Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-inclusion-and-exclusion-criteria-and-3iuys0se.png Table 2 Study inclusion and exclusion criteria and participant diagnoses, illness severity and mortality https://scispace.com/papers/inclusion-of-a-drag-approach-in-the-town-energy-balance-teb-49nosen49c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-data-from-the-basel-sperrstrasse-tower-used-2e8zfy2a.png TABLE 1. Measured data from the Basel-Sperrstrasse tower used for the comparison with model results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-averaged-vertical-profile-from-16-to-19-jun-2002-of-3tf1bzun.png FIG. 7. Averaged vertical profile, from 16 to 19 Jun 2002, of the observed and simulated potential temperature in the street canyon at 0200, 0800, 1600, and 2200 LT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-as-in-table-3-but-for-outgoing-solar-s-and-longwave-1qf6g3pu.png TABLE 4. As in Table 3, but for outgoing solar (S↑) and longwave (L↑) radiation, and surface energy balance fluxes recorded at the top of the tower (W m 2). The symbol // means that TEB_REF and TEB_SBL have the same values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-statistics-for-wind-u-temperature-t-and-36vlm6h9.png TABLE 3. Performance statistics for wind (U ), temperature (T ), and local friction velocity (U*) between TEB_SBL and measurements and between TEB_REF and measurements over seven clear-sky days (17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 29, and 30 Jun). Obs, SBL, and REF refer to the mean values; Bias SBL (REF) Obs; T, D, and N refer to the overall, daytime, and nighttime periods, respectively. In Tables 3, 4, and 5, the boldface values are the most important values on which one should focus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aerial-photo-of-the-urban-site-basel-sperrstrasse-3hheswjp.png FIG. 1. Aerial photo of the urban site Basel-Sperrstrasse. (Photo copyright by the Swiss Federal Office of Topography.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-wind-direction-deg-at-the-tower-top-at-basel-q7d4d4nx.png FIG. 5. The wind direction (°) at the tower top at Basel-Sperrstrasse from 16 to 19 Jun. The dashed horizontal lines indicate the directions (160° and 340°) perpendicular to the street canyon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-variation-of-air-temperature-from-16-to-19-jun-17-1qib6z8u.png FIG. 6. Time variation of air temperature from 16 to 19 Jun (17, 18, and 19 are clear-sky days) at (a) 2.5 and (b) 14 m AGL, respectively, within the street canyon, and (c) at 18 m AGL (i.e., above roof level) for TEB_SBL and measurements. In (a) and (b), we present also the diagnostic canyon temperature calculated with the TEB_REF version. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-between-observed-and-simulated-surface-1yoaco6z.png FIG. 13. Comparison between observed and simulated surface energy balance with the TEB_SBL version at the top of the tower. https://scispace.com/papers/income-mobility-in-ecuador-new-evidence-from-individual-4tdizhwix0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logit-transformation-of-the-centile-effect-2mdiq24b.png Table 1: Logit transformation of the centile effect https://scispace.com/papers/income-redistribution-going-awry-the-reversal-power-of-the-46dvtaplx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-gini-coefficient-as-a-function-of-the-transfer-3itch0h9.png Figure 2: The Gini coefficient as a function of the transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-income-levels-as-functions-of-the-transfer-2p0oc1kp.png Figure 1: Income levels as functions of the transfer. https://scispace.com/papers/incorporating-and-compensating-cerebrospinal-fluid-in-3k8vw2b9r9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boundary-meshes-and-the-resulting-four-compartment-3t9hhzpt.png Fig 1. Boundary meshes and the resulting four-compartment model. Below each boundary mesh, the used mesh densities in terms of mean triangle-side length TSL are listed; the TSL of the shownmesh is printed in boldface. EEG electrodes and magnetometer pickup coils are marked with black points and transparent blue squares, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-median-re-and-cc-between-the-reference-four-2wjl6zkj.png Fig 4. Median RE and CC between the reference four-compartment model and test four-compartment (left) and three-shell (right) models as function of the skull resistivity ratio K for a) MEG and b) EEG. The black dots show the best values for equivalent K in three-shell models. Note that color scales for MEG and EEG are not the same. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-effect-of-numerical-errors-conductivity-errors-and-3tn9gfo0.png Fig 7. The effect of numerical errors, conductivity errors, and the omission of CSF: expected RE and CC of fourcompartment (4-C) and three-shell (3-S) test models for all sources, when the true skull resistivity ratio is known to be between 20 and 80. Test models are built using the LC BEM. The 4-C test model (model 4 in Table 1 and Fig 6) has the skull resistivity ratio K = Kopt = 50, and the 3-S test model (the same as in Fig 6) has K = Kequi = 100. The numbers below the plots showmedian value and 16th & 84th percentiles of the plotted metrics. Results for MEG and EEG are shown on the left and side of the plot, respectively. The first row contains the RE results and the second row the CC results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multi-resolution-verification-of-four-compartment-3bpo4v8t.png Fig 3. Multi-resolution verification of four-compartment headmodel in MEG (top row) and EEG (bottom row) using LG and LC BEM approaches (red and blue plots). The plots on the left side show the median and 16th & 84th percentiles of the Relative Error (RE) metric computed for all topographies, and the plots on the right show the corresponding plots of the Correlation (CC) metric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expected-re-and-cc-of-four-compartment-4-c-models-1-5-1c5jhl63.png Fig 6. Expected RE and CC of four-compartment (4-C) (models 1–5) and three-shell (3-S) test models, when the true skull resistivity ratio is known to be between 20 and 80. The 4-C test models have the skull resistivity ratio K = Kopt = 50, the 3-S test model has K = Kequi = 100. The plots show the median, 16 th percentile and 84th percentile of the expected value of metrics for both LG and LC BEMs for different test models. Test models 1–5 are those described in Table 1, and model 3-S is the 3-S model that corresponds to test model 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-errors-due-to-skull-conductivity-mismatch-between-the-1nt66gqk.png Fig 5. Errors due to skull conductivity mismatch between the reference and test models. The median, 16th percentile, and 84th percentile of RE and CCmetrics between the reference four-compartment (4-C) model and test 4-C and three-shell (3-S) models are plotted as function of the skull resistivity ratio K of the reference model. The 4-C and 3-S test models have the overall-best skull resistivity ratios of Kopt = 50 and Kequi = 100, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-on-signal-topographies-and-comparisonmetrics-oppkeguw.png Fig 2. Example on signal topographies and comparisonmetrics. At the top, two example source positions are shown on the cortex model. Below, the EEG and MEG topography maps computed for these sources using fourcompartment (reference) and uncompensated three-shell (test) models are visualized; also the values for Relative Error RE and Correlation CC between the reference and test topographies are shown. All EEG plots are in the same scale as well as all the MEG plots. Contour lines have spacing of 0.1 times the maximum absolute value of the strongest topography; zero line is drawn in black, and yellow/red and blue mark positive and negative values, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mesh-densities-in-reference-and-test-models-the-tpl0y6wi.png Table 1. Mesh densities in reference and test models. The density of each boundary mesh is given in terms of mean triangle-side length (TSL). For each model, the total number of vertices is also given. https://scispace.com/papers/increase-of-landslide-activity-after-a-low-magnitude-3z8gz4c4v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3rq94u9c.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-16dc2jcc.png Table 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3ts5cff7.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-q96cyv3j.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-reporting-the-number-of-total-landslide-1prn04ec.png Table 2. Table reporting the number of total landslide reactivations, for both IFFI landslides and rstoccurrence one, divided according to the seasons and for each considered year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1a492pnw.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2zznn4dp.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/incorporation-of-density-matrix-wave-functions-in-monte-3z1vfcfi6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-values-for-the-asymmetry-in-the-center-forj250-as-2svznpva.png TABLE III. Values for the asymmetry in the center forJ250. As discussed in the text the error in th improved estimator values is of the order of 0.02, which means that form5128 and higher the values ar statistically indistinguishable from zero. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-interpolation-a-and-extrapolation-b-estimates-of-3q53kbw3.png TABLE II. Interpolation ~a! and extrapolation~b! estimates of the energy per site of a 10310 lattice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-correlation-pattern-for-the-nearest-spins-forj2-50-1nit6p5m.png FIG. 5. The correlation pattern for the nearest spins forJ2 50.5J1: ~a! according to Kotovet al. ~Ref. 9!, a dimer pattern in which the strength of the correlation is indicated;~b! according to Capriotti and Sorella~Ref. 5!, a plaquette state; and~c! according to this paper, an intermediate pattern in which the translational inv ance is broken in both directions but with unequal strength. T values indicated are those based on the meandering path an improved estimator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparison-of-the-energies-and-the-values-for-the-4yp6rw6t.png TABLE V. Comparison of the energies and the values for the asymmetry in the center for the D wave function based on the first~straight! path ~a! in Fig. 2 and the associated GFMC simulation;J2 50.3J1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-energies-and-asymmetries-for-the-casej250-3j1-as-c2wvwmi3.png TABLE IV. Energies and asymmetries for the caseJ250.3J1 as function of the number of basis statesm. Hered is the truncation error. The asymmetriesDx andDy for the GFMC simulations are calculated with th improved estimator. The guiding wave function is obtained from the meandering path~b! in Fig. 2. The statistical error inDx andDy is of the order of 0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-stiffnessrs-as-function-of-the-frustration-ratio-38gizw6i.png FIG. 4. The stiffnessrs as function of the frustration ratio Finite-size extrapolations put the region wherers vanishes between 0.38 and 0.62~see Ref. 7!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-energy-as-function-of-the-frustration-ratio-1syyoimo.png FIG. 3. The energy as function of the frustration ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-energies-and-asymmetries-forj250-5j1-with-guiding-jygihkuc.png TABLE VI. Energies and asymmetries forJ250.5J1 with guiding wave function based on the meande ing path~b! in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/incorporating-travel-time-reliability-into-the-highway-n7x080ar2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-data-requirements-29z40xt8.png Table D.1. Data Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-13-incident-worksheet-1hw42dyz.png Figure B.13. Incident worksheet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-26-statistics-for-detailed-scenarios-generated-for-i-x5mbsvha.png Table 5.26. Statistics for Detailed Scenarios Generated for I-40 EB Case Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-27-general-information-for-detailed-scenario-2117-20ylapwy.png Table 5.27. General Information for Detailed Scenario 2117 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-12-schematic-of-the-start-worksheet-in-the-fsg-2ve967r4.png Figure A.12. Schematic of the Start worksheet in the FSG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-7-i-40-facility-final-scenario-categorization-3oufsccp.png Table 6.7. I-40 Facility: Final Scenario Categorization https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-8-i-40-facility-number-of-scenarios-and-coverage-of-3hge1tve.png Table 6.8. I-40 Facility: Number of Scenarios and Coverage of Feasible Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-8-i-40-facility-travel-time-distribution-results-3l43sj9s.png Figure 6.8. I-40 facility: Travel time distribution results for different inclusion thresholds. https://scispace.com/papers/increased-risk-of-covid-19-related-deaths-among-general-312vsuisjy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daily-cumulative-increase-of-covid-19-related-death-23s6eh4x.png Figure 2. Daily cumulative increase of COVID-19-related-death cases among Italian physicians since the first reported death on the 11 March 2020 and up to the 30 April 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentages-of-physicians-grouped-according-to-21bm8kks.png Figure 1. Percentages of physicians grouped according to their medical specialty among the 118 COVID-19-related death cases occurred in Italy between March and April 2020. https://scispace.com/papers/increasing-adolescents-depth-of-understanding-of-cross-2kxue8qns5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summer-group-word-knowledge-profile-performance-for-2grrd8t3.png Table 5. Summer Group Word Knowledge Profile performance for Time 1 – 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-to-show-how-many-words-participants-learned-32h1lf37.png Figure 4: Graph to show how many words participants learned during the intervention (progress on the Word Meaning score for taught words). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spring-group-word-knowledge-profile-performance-for-1asj6uel.png Table 4. Spring Group Word Knowledge Profile performance for Time 1 – 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-progress-on-word-meaning-score-on-taught-versus-non-1seobkof.png Figure 3: Progress on Word Meaning score on taught versus non-taught words across the intervention phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-progress-on-the-word-meaning-taught-words-score-of-2t4q3jr1.png Figure 2: Progress on the Word Meaning Taught Words Score of both intervention groups across Summer term. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-participant-characteristics-3t9wv3z6.png Table 2. Summary of participant characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-progress-on-word-meaning-score-for-taught-words-1d7259ua.png Figure 1: Progress on Word Meaning score for taught words across Spring term https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-scores-on-the-language-profiling-11q9ks3s.png Table 3. Participants’ scores on the language profiling assessments and the Cognitive Abilities Test and comparison of intervention groups https://scispace.com/papers/increasing-the-role-of-belief-information-in-moral-judgments-4y10wojz10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-design-ynipjmum.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the experimental design employed by Young and colleagues (e.g., Young et al., 2010b, 2007; Young and Saxe, 2009b) as well as in the present study. As shown by the picture, participants are confronted with 4 types of moral actions resulting from the Belief (neutral vs. negative) by Outcome (neutral vs. negative) combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-moral-judgments-on-a-seven-point-scale-11-1jqb1vzw.png Fig. 2. Mean moral judgments on a seven-point scale (1¼morally forbidden, 7¼morally permissible), as a function of the type of moral action (resulting from the Belief by Outcome combination) and Stimulation type (anodal, cathodal, and sham) for the pre-tDCS (panel A) and the post-tDCS (panel B) tasks. Vertical capped lines atop bars indicate standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-moral-judgments-of-the-cathodal-lpfc-group-1yeddxob.png Table 1 Mean moral judgments of the cathodal lPFC group (Experiment 2) as a function of the type of moral action (resulting from the Belief by Outcome combination), for the pre-tDCS and the post-tDCS tasks. Standard error of the mean are shownwithin parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/incremental-sensor-placement-optimization-on-water-network-36z0kox63y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-running-time-comparison-of-solutions-to-isp-2mircfhj.png Fig. 5. Running time comparison of solutions to ISP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-demonstration-of-a-possible-incremental-sensor-3hx9ygvp.png Fig. 1. Demonstration of a possible incremental sensor deployment solution. Originally, 2 sensors were deployed. When the network was expanded, 2 additional sensors would be deployed and one original sensor (marked by green node) was moved to the expanded part of the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-figure-4-a-4-b-show-the-influence-of-k2-and-compare-1f0ep2de.png Fig. 4. Figure 4(a),4(b) show the influence of k2 and compare different selection strategies used in Select function. It shows that solution quality increases with the growth of k2, and three strategies shows similar effectiveness. Figure 4(c),4(d) present the robustness of proposed solutions. Expected represents the detect ratio on the training scenario set; Actual represents the average of detect ratio on test scenario sets. These figures show that our sensor placement solution is robust against newly introduced contamination scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-detect-ratio-for-bwsn1-and-bwsn2-b-d-the-actual-3yrxt5tm.png Fig. 3. (a)(c):detect ratio for BWSN1 and BWSN2 (b)(d): the actual number of redeployed sensors in BWSN1 and BWSN2. The results show that solution quality generally increases with the growth of k1 and there exists some critical point at which we can seek for a good tradeoff between solution quality and deployment cost. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-effectiveness-and-time-figure-2-a-2x1xwfvs.png Fig. 2. Comparison of effectiveness and time. Figure 2(a) compares the results of greedy solution and random placement strategy on BWSN2. Figure 2(b) compares solution quality(detect ratio) of our greedy algorithm and MIP. Figure 2(c) compares running time of our greedy algorithm, exhaustive search and MIP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-1-a-scenario-set-a-table-1-b-contamination-1yhfyqql.png Table 1. Table 1(a): Scenario set A. Table 1(b): Contamination scenario matrix DA,L. Each element in the matrix denotes the the time (in minutes). Table 1(c): Rv,M for each vertex shown in Figure 1(a). https://scispace.com/papers/indecent-disclosures-anticorruption-reforms-and-political-4wtzb7t8at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-disclosure-laws-and-incumbent-turnover-2topi4y6.png TABLE 1: DISCLOSURE LAWS AND INCUMBENT TURNOVER https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-press-freedom-and-law-enforcement-capacity-38ixltwk.png TABLE 3: PRESS FREEDOM AND LAW ENFORCEMENT CAPACITY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-treatment-versus-control-elections-over-time-deal8rpb.png FIGURE 1: TREATMENT VERSUS CONTROL ELECTIONS OVER TIME https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-disclosure-laws-and-financial-history-1kao8gv6.png TABLE 2: DISCLOSURE LAWS AND FINANCIAL HISTORY https://scispace.com/papers/independent-digital-predistortion-parameters-estimation-32v1g41k6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-independent-partial-identification-of-dpd-coefficients-2izm66hn.png Fig. 5. Independent partial identification of DPD coefficients per iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-a-closed-loop-dpd-system-following-a-1399rfph.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of a closed-loop DPD system following a direct learning approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spectra-of-the-pa-output-before-and-after-dpd-2fsjyczz.png Fig. 8. Spectra of the PA output before and after DPD linearization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-nmse-and-the-acpr-considering-up-to-33kd2io4.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the NMSE and the ACPR considering up to 60 components and 75 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-absolute-value-of-the-60-dpd-lbjort2a.png Fig. 7. Evolution of the absolute value of the 60 DPD coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-am-am-and-b-am-pm-characteristics-before-and-after-1mtd15dt.png Fig. 9. (a) AM–AM and (b) AM–PM characteristics before and after DPD linearization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-independent-dpd-identification-1jqhoy77.png Fig. 2. Flowchart of the independent DPD identification process using APCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-block-diagram-of-the-test-setup-employed-for-32gpsupi.png Fig. 3. (a) Block diagram of the test setup employed for experimental validation. The digital linearization test bench combines (b) waveform generation and capture boards, RF analog control parts including the PA and (c) laboratory instrumentation. TX: transmitted, RX: received, WFM: waveform, CH: channel, MOD: modulator, AMP: amplifier, ADC: analog-to-digital converter, DAC: digital-to-analog converter, CLK: clock, LO: local oscillator, dc PWR: dc power, Vdd: drain-to-drain voltage, Vgs: gate-to-source voltage, and Vds: drain-to-source voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/indigenous-african-soil-enrichment-as-a-climate-smart-2pp1ph7qwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-pictures-of-yellowish-red-as-a-and-3txc00i8.png Figure 1 . Representative pictures of yellowish- red AS (a) and dark colored Af DE (b) soil profiles collected from the village of Wenwuta in Liberia. The AS profile and the Af DE profile were obtained by digging soil pits (3 m × 2 m × 1.6 m and 3 m × 2 m × 2.4 m, respectively), both of which extended to the parent material layer. The depth of Af DE and accumulation of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in these black earths extend to a depth of 1.80 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-af-de-within-a-3-km-radius-2827-ha-diqrnhny.png Figure 2 . Distribution of Af DE within a 3- km radius (2827 ha) of the village of Wenwuta in Zorzor district, Lofa County, Liberia. The inset map of Liberia shows our in- depth field sites in Zorzor district in Lofa County, highlighted in dark green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phosphorus-and-nitrogen-concentrations-in-deep-soil-200vl58g.png Figure 3 . Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in deep soil profiles of Af DE and AS from Liberia (a and c, respectively) and Ghana (b and d, respectively). Af DE contain significantly higher concentrations of available phosphorus (a and b) and total nitrogen (c and d) in the surface and subsurface layers of Af DE than in AS . Error bars show standard error of the mean. ***, **, and * indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.05, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/indexing-large-scale-raster-geospatial-data-using-massively-1neuaqwr21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-ccq-tree-layout-and-raw-data-1syzx4xs.png Figure 1: Illustration of CCQ-Tree Layout and Raw Data Binning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-indices-construction-times-on-gpu-and-bsyk2pt0.png Figure 4: Comparison of Indices Construction Times on GPU and CPU https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-speedup-of-indices-loading-times-against-of-1rx6rjge.png Figure 5: Plot of Speedup of Indices Loading Times against # of Tree Nodes https://scispace.com/papers/indirect-red-and-near-infrared-z-to-e-photoisomerization-of-3uvx1opqdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rates-and-efficiency-of-the-photoisomerization-under-2eqwdh5p.png Table 2. Rates (𝐫𝒁→𝑬) and efficiency (𝚽𝒁→𝑬) of the photoisomerization under 640 nm excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-absorption-spectra-of-the-photoswitching-h4nfc9lh.png Figure 2. The absorption spectra of the photoswitching systems consisting of PdP and PtP and TFA (A) and FPA (C) and their photoisomerization curves (B) and (D). The colored sections indicate the wavelength and time ranges used for photoswitching. Excitation light is on during the times indicated by the representative colors. Gray lines in (A) and (C) indicate the wavelength used for monitoring the isomerization. The observed partial E-to-Z isomerization of the azobenzenes, especially in case of TFA due to its small molar extinction coefficient at 525 nm, is caused by competing absorption between the azobenzene and the sensitizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rate-constant-of-triplet-energy-transfer-ktet-36m9owba.png Table 1. Rate constant of triplet energy transfer (kTET), triplet energy gap (ΔET) between sensitizer and azobenzene, and the triplet energy (ET) of the azobenzene derived from the quenching results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-phosphorescence-quenching-201jbw74.png Figure 1. Results of the phosphorescence quenching. SternVolmer plots and the corresponding KSV values of (A) TFA and PdP, (B) TFA and PtP, (C) FPA and PdP and (D) FPA and PtP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stepwise-photoisomerization-above-of-tfa-by-9uh4haic.png Figure 4. Stepwise photoisomerization (above) of TFA by exciting PdNP with 10 s (last two were 20 s) doses of 740 nm excitation (dark red bars) in 5 min intervals. Cyclic photoswitching (below) of TFA/PdNP with 10 cycles of alternating 525 nm (direct excitation of E-TFA, green sections) and 740 nm (excitation of PdNP, dark red sections). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-absorption-spectrum-of-pdnp-and-tfa-left-and-the-1xvxxjjb.png Figure 3. Absorption spectrum of PdNP and TFA (left) and the photoisomerization curve (right) under 525 nm (green color) and 740 nm (dark red) excitation with the resulting rate of isomerization. https://scispace.com/papers/indirect-reduced-order-modelling-using-nonlinear-manifolds-4xa9ujyxwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-first-backbone-curve-of-a-the-c-c-and-b-the-c-f-ncw0ftem.png Figure 4: Top: First backbone curve of (a) the C-C and (b) the C-F beam, predicted by the quintic single-DOF ICE ROMs. These are plotted in the projection of response frequency against amplitude. Bottom: Comparison between the periodic response predicted by the ROMs (dashed lines) and the response of the FE model (solid black line), plotted in the physical phase space, for (c) the C-C and (d) the C-F beam. Ten different sets of initial conditions are considered for each ROM, and these are marked with black dots on the backbone curves. For each free response run, the FE states at time t = 0 and t =TΩ are marked with circles and crosses, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-of-the-rom-generation-procedure-using-the-37eeybui.png Figure 6: Schematic of the ROM generation procedure using the ICE method, with the schematically modest, but dynamically significant, proposed changes to incorporate inertial compensation shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-second-backbone-curve-of-the-c-f-beam-predicted-3e3n4nbv.png Figure 9: Top: Second backbone curve of the C-F beam, predicted by the quintic two-DOF ROMs without (blue) and with (red) inertial compensation. These are plotted in the projection of response frequency against (a) amplitude of the second mode, and (b) amplitude of the first mode. Bottom: Comparison between the periodic response predicted by the ROMs (dashed lines) and the response of the FE model (solid black line), plotted in the physical phase space, for (c) the ICE ROM and (d) the ICE-IC ROM. Ten different sets of initial conditions are considered for each ROM, and these are marked with black dots on the backbone curves. For each free response run, the FE states at time t = 0 and t =TΩ are marked with circles and crosses, respectively. The numbers in brackets in the legends denote the modes included in the reduction basis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modeshapes-and-natural-frequencies-of-three-bending-3of42f0t.png Figure 1: Modeshapes and natural frequencies of three bending and two axial LNMs of (a) the clamped-clamped beam and (b) the cantilever beam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-modal-displacement-amplitudes-of-the-two-2bjkon4r.png Table 1: Relative modal displacement amplitudes of the two most strongly coupled bending and axial modes, when a static force F1 = 45 is applied in the first mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-static-displacement-of-the-relevant-bending-and-bp6tbebe.png Figure 3: Static displacement of the relevant bending and axial modes as a function of the displacement in the first mode for (a) the C-C and (b) the C-F beam, when a force is applied in the first mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quasi-static-response-of-the-beams-as-a-function-of-1kjyo0ku.png Figure 2: Quasi-static response of the beams as a function of the force applied in the first mode. The response is shown in the modal space (bottom panel) in terms of the reduced mode and the two most strongly coupled bending and axial modes, and in the physical space (top panel) in terms of the vertical displacement of (a) the centre node for the C-C beam, and (b) the tip node for the C-F beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-first-backbone-curve-of-the-c-f-beam-predicted-by-16etjcz5.png Figure 7: (a) First backbone curve of the C-F beam, predicted by the quintic single-DOF ROMs without (blue) and with (red) inertial compensation. These are plotted in the projection of response frequency against amplitude. Bottom: Comparison between the periodic response predicted by the ROMs (dashed lines) and the response of the FE model (solid black line), plotted in the physical phase space, for (b) the ICE ROM and (c) the ICE-IC ROM. Ten different sets of initial conditions are considered for each ROM, and these are marked with black dots on the backbone curves. For each free response run, the FE states at time t = 0 and t =TΩ are marked with circles and crosses, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/individual-data-meta-analysis-for-the-study-of-survival-46fjjsmolg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-descriptive-variables-of-the-study-univariate-1lul01z7.png Table 1. Main descriptive variables of the study (univariate analysis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-data-meta-analysis-multilevel-random-2y9hsteu.png Table 2. Individual data meta-analysis (multilevel random effects). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-for-the-3501-patients-1pb2zs5b.png Fig. 2. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the 3501 patients included in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-forest-plot-for-the-adjusted-aggregate-data-meta-3glhav83.png Fig. 4. Forest plot for the adjusted aggregate data meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forest-plot-for-the-aggregate-data-meta-analysis-of-xah6sxm7.png Fig. 3. Forest plot for the aggregate data meta-analysis of the raw data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-search-and-selection-process-1s2bj1yy.png Fig. 1. Flow chart of the search and selection process. https://scispace.com/papers/individual-level-antibody-dynamics-reveal-potential-drivers-5af0svjyoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effects-of-sex-on-log-iav-infection-risk-in-wild-nusya4zq.png Fig. 2 The effects of sex on log IAV infection risk in wild pigs. All coefficients were regularized about zero to avoid the detection of false positives over multiple comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicted-relationship-of-iav-infection-risk-in-wild-2jpjmjkh.png Fig. 3 Predicted relationship of IAV infection risk in wild pigs to time-varying covariate data by state. States are distinguished by a combination of gray shades and symbols. Covariates are labeled on the X-axes. Dashed lines illustrate the linear trends by state for the variables that have random slope effects by state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-estimated-iav-infection-risk-for-15-states-each-pdt1xb7p.png Fig. 1 The estimated IAV infection risk for 15 states. Each line shows the seasonal pattern for a different year (2010–2017). Year 2010 is in black and subsequent years are indicated in progressively lighter shades of gray. Lines that are cut off indicated missing data (i.e., the start and endpoints of the time series). X-axes indicate months in the calendar year (January to December). The number of hosts sampled (n) and the number of seropositive samples (þ) are shown for each state. The distribution of sampling and uncertainty are shown in Supplementary Fig. S3. https://scispace.com/papers/individual-variability-and-sex-related-differences-in-the-126czglgfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-173-iymv27zj.png Figure 8 173 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-168-15ornwra.png Figure 7 168 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-193-2ne8jue9.png Figure 9 193 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-summary-statistics-for-the-population-bayesian-24rnoqjg.png Table 1 1 Summary statistics for the population Bayesian means of the growth parameters for the 2 Cabrera Archipelago using the conventional (3 parameters based) and the alternative (5 3 parameters based) von Bertalanffy growth model. For each estimated parameter, the 4 mean, standard deviation (SD), median and, lower and upper 2.5 percentiles of the 5 posterior distribution are shown for both sexes. Means of L∞ are expressed in otolith 6 scale and in total length (in brackets) in mm, k, k0 and k1 as years-1, and t0 and t1 as 7 years. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-76-7vkhp6bb.png Figure 1 76 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-204-2z5yvy3f.png Figure 10 204 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-135-3moycsx8.png Figure 5 135 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-150-131yxhb5.png Figure 6 150 https://scispace.com/papers/indoor-optical-wireless-communications-using-quantum-key-3itx4iz0lq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snr-vs-fov-qber-is-calculated-as-the-ratio-of-noise-164ghkox.png Fig. 3. SNR vs FOV. QBER is calculated as the ratio of noise photons to sifted photons [9]. Fig. 4. SNR vs FOV with indoor solar irradiance measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-astm-measured-spectral-irradiance-vs-wavelength-5-fig-cskcgf53.png Fig. 1. ASTM measured spectral irradiance vs wavelength [5] Fig. 2. Free-space link diagram https://scispace.com/papers/induced-recrystallization-of-cdte-thin-films-deposited-by-2aif4s5zu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lattice-parameter-of-css-cdte-thin-films-before-and-3vyd21s3.png FIGURE 2 . Lattice parameter of CSS CdTe thin films before and after CdCl2 treatment. (a)(b)(c) LT films. (d) HT films. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grain-size-degree-of-preferential-orientation-s-and-2fiam5ar.png TABLE 1 . Grain size, degree of preferential orientation (σ), and photoluminescence lifetime for CSS CdTe films deposited and treated at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-afm-images-of-untreated-cdte-films-a-low-1hjbincs.png FIGURE 1 . AFM images of untreated CdTe films. (a) Low-temperature deposition. (b) Hightemperature deposition. https://scispace.com/papers/induction-of-ht-29-colon-cancer-cells-apoptosis-by-9hpmxg3qe2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cytotoxicity-of-ace-and-pyrogallol-on-ht-29-cells-2iti8663.png Figure 3: Cytotoxicity of ACE and pyrogallol on HT-29 cells and CRL-1831 cells 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-apoptotic-effect-of-ace-and-pyrogallol-on-ht-29-1b3w9wjv.png Figure 4: Apoptotic effect of ACE and pyrogallol on HT-29 cells and CRL-1831 cells 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-purified-pyrogallol-from-acacia-27vagymj.png Figure 1: Characterization of Purified pyrogallol from Acacia nilotica 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-cytometry-dot-plots-of-antibiotics-resistant-h-17qq47ss.png Figure 2: Flow cytometry dot plots of antibiotics Resistant H. pylori 26695 treated 1 with ACE extract and pyrogallol 2 https://scispace.com/papers/inducing-disallowed-two-atom-transitions-with-temporally-1tvmk18irc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-temporal-profiles-of-two-photons-emitted-by-a-1ur6cbbw.png FIG. 2. The temporal profiles of two photons emitted by a cascade source illustrate time-frequency entanglement: the solid curve represents the marginal probability P ; the dashed curve represents the conditional probability P j . See Eqs. (7) and (8). The intrinsic time ordering of the photons, first, followed by , suppresses the dashed excitation pathway in Fig. 1, inducing joint two-atom excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-two-level-atoms-ground-state-gi-and-excited-state-1iz9zf41.png FIG. 1. Two two-level atoms (ground state gi and excited state ei) are driven by bichromatic light along two pathways, depending on which frequency ! or ! is absorbed first (denoted by the solid or dashed arrows), and for two pairings, depending on which atom absorbs which frequency (exchanged in 1 $ 2). For each pairing, the time-ordered pathways interfere destructively to cancel classical two-photon absorption, assuming ! !i ! !j. https://scispace.com/papers/industrial-sustainability-and-the-circular-economy-as-3huv04a8y4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-holistic-value-of-natural-law-as-a-continuum-left-1hc89ot6.png Fig. 1. The holistic value of Natural Law as a continuum (left); the specific values and circularity of Natural Law (i.e., different laws of nature, such as the strong and weak forces, gravitation, and electromagnetism) (center); and Natural Law maintaining its own identity while upholding all the specific values of different laws of nature throughout creation (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relation-of-rishi-devata-and-chhandas-to-14po9z9t.png Fig. 2. The relation of Ṛishi, Devatā and Chhandas to themselves in a circular, continuous selfreferral feedback loop (left), and in their togetherness as the Saṁhita of Natural Law, with each element interacting with itself and with each other (right) (Maharishi, 1986, p. 40) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-how-one-unbroken-field-of-natural-2345m48z.png Fig. 3. Representation of how one unbroken field of Natural Law (Saṁhita) can be identified as Ṛishi, Devatā and Chhandas, while Ṛishi, Devatā and Chhandas remain connected at all times and at all distances, by their own internal self-referral mechanics, to the Saṁhita or togetherness value of Natural Law (Maharishi, 1994, p. 44) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationship-between-materials-inputs-industrial-2rvilr59.png Fig. 7. Relationship between materials inputs, industrial throughouts and processes, and outputs under five waste management scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-self-referral-structure-of-natural-law-operating-324tr5lo.png Fig. 4. The self-referral structure of Natural Law, operating eternally throughout creation, maintains its self-referral quality and connection to its source during the process of evolution (derived from [1, p. 592] left, and [1, p. 449] right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-a-circular-economy-7pt4sjdc.png Fig. 6. Schematic representation of a circular economy [modified from 43, p. 436] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-self-referral-structure-of-natural-law-operating-1nyc0cuk.png Fig. 5. The self-referral structure of Natural Law, operating eternally throughout creation, maintains its self-referral quality and connection to its source during the process of evolution or expansion from a point to infinity (derived from [33, p. 110]) https://scispace.com/papers/industry-localization-and-earnings-inequality-evidence-from-5altivpa66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-localization-and-overall-inequality-3o1krb19.png Table 1: Localization and Overall Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-localization-and-inequality-cities-by-two-digit-hyohr3l5.png Table 4B: Localization and Inequality - Cities By Two-Digit Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-localization-and-inequality-states-by-two-digit-2z7abvqw.png Table 4B: Localization and Inequality - Cities By Two-Digit Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-localization-and-residual-inequality-7484a3gr.png Table 3: Localization and Residual Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-localization-and-between-education-group-inequality-c4oz60ee.png Table 2: Localization and Between-Education-Group Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-initial-inequality-and-the-change-in-industry-56xooozp.png Table 5: Initial Inequality and the Change in Industry Employment and Local Human Capital https://scispace.com/papers/inequality-in-dual-economy-models-40xsemx7gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3bctrn3j.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/inertial-effects-in-anomalous-dielectric-relaxation-1nsmkjyjrx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-same-as-in-fig-2-fora51-5-subdiffusion-1wnyfajv.png FIG. 3. The same as in Fig. 2 fora51.5 ~subdiffusion!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dielectric-loss-spectrax9-v-for-a50-5-enhanced-2tnuijwo.png FIG. 2. Dielectric loss spectrax̂9(v) for a50.5 ~enhanced diffusion! and various values ofg8: g85104 ~curves 1 and 18!, g8 5103 ~2,28!, g85102 ~3,38!, g8510 ~4,48!, and g851 ~5,58!. Solid lines~1, 2, 3, 4, and 5!, Eq. ~9!; crosses~18, 28, 38, 48, and 58!, Eq. ~12!; filled circles, Eq.~14!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dielectric-loss-spectrax9-v-for-g8510-and-various-nn35qzod.png FIG. 1. Dielectric loss spectrax̂9(v) for g8510 and various values ofa: a50.25 ~curves 1 and 18!, a50.5 ~2,28!, a51 ~3, 38!, anda51.5 ~4,48!. Solid lines~1, 2, 3, and 4!, Eq. ~9!; crosses ~18, 28, 38, and 48!, Eq. ~12!; filled circles, Eq.~14!. https://scispace.com/papers/inference-for-partially-observed-epidemic-dynamics-guided-by-3s7avqkk90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-profile-likelihood-and-confidence-intervals-ci95-2yk2cxcq.png Figure 4: Profile likelihood and confidence intervals (CI95%) for γ. Left panel: data simulated with N = 2000, n = 30 and p = 0.3; the true value γ∗ = 1/3, the point estimate γ̂ = 0.32, and CI95% = [0.31, 0.48]. Right panel: data simulated with N = 10000, n = 100 and p = 0.8; the true value γ∗ = 1/3, the point estimate γ̂ = 0.34, and CI95% = [0.33, 0.36]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-profile-likelihood-and-confidence-intervals-ci95-ekb4mpi7.png Figure 3: Profile likelihood and confidence intervals (CI95%) for λ. Left panel: data simulated with N = 2000, n = 30 and p = 0.3; the true value λ∗ = 1, the point estimate λ̂ = 1.02, and CI95% = [0.96, 1.10]. Right panel: data simulated with N = 10000, n = 100 and p = 0.8; the true value λ∗ = 1, the point estimate λ̂ = 1.00, and CI95% = [0.95, 1.00]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-panel-ode-solution-for-the-number-of-infected-b2qpct75.png Figure 2: Left panel: ODE solution for the number of infected individuals I (plain black line) and 20 trajectories of the Markov jump process for I (purple lines) when N = 2000. Right panel: n = 30 observations obtained from a particular trajectory of the jump process (in bold purple in the left panel) as a function of time. The points and triangles stand for observations generated with measurement error terms τ = 0 and τ = 0.5 respectively, and the blue and red symbols represent observations generated with p = 0.8 and p = 0.3 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-second-experiment-t-0-estimation-of-th-l-g-p-i0-t-32i2rzdn.png Table 3: Second experiment (τ , 0). Estimation of θ = (λ, γ, p, i0, τ) under the constraint s0 + i0 = 1 in Setting 1 with true parameter values (λ∗, γ∗, p∗, i∗0, τ ∗)=(1, 1/3, 0.8, 0.01, 0.5). For each combination of (N, n) and for each model parameter, point estimates and standard deviations are calculated as the mean of the 500 individual estimates and their standard deviations (in brackets) obtained by our Kalman-based method and the MIF algorithm. The reported values for the number of observations n correspond to the average over the 500 trajectories, with the min and max in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-post-predictive-checks-for-the-kalman-based-km-left-i9jxl2gi.png Figure 5: Post-predictive checks for the Kalman-based (KM, left panel) and the maximum iterated filtering (MIF, right panel) estimates. In blue: observations (number of infectious boys). Solid red line: average trajectory over 1000 Markov jump processes from the estimated model. Dotted red lines: 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sir-compartmental-model-with-three-blocks-2pyebx9j.png Figure 1: SIR compartmental model with three blocks corresponding respectively to susceptible (S), infectious (I), and recovered (R) individuals. Transitions of individuals from state S to I are governed by the transmission rate λ, and transitions of individuals from state I to R are governed by the recovery rate γ of the epidemic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-second-experiment-t-0-estimation-of-th-l-g-p-t-with-3npns5zf.png Table 4: Second experiment (τ , 0). Estimation of θ = (λ, γ, p, τ) with s0 = 0.99 and i0 = 0.01 known in Setting 1 with true parameter values (λ∗, γ∗, p∗, τ∗)=(1, 1/3, 0.8, 0.5). For each combination of (N, n) and for each model parameter, point estimates and standard deviations are calculated as the mean of the 500 individual estimates and their standard deviations (in brackets) obtained by KM and MIF. The reported values for the number of observations n correspond to the average over the 500 trajectories, with the min and max in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-first-experiment-t-0-estimation-of-th-l-g-p-i0-under-3o81tvyg.png Table 2: First experiment (τ = 0). Estimation of θ = (λ, γ, p, i0) under the constraint s0 + i0 = 1 in Setting 2 with true parameter values (λ∗, γ∗, p∗, i∗0)=(1, 1/3, 0.3, 0.01). For each combination of (N, n) and for each model parameter, point estimates and standard deviations are calculated as the mean of the 500 individual estimates and their standard deviations (in brackets) obtained by KM and MIF. The reported values for the number of observations n correspond to the average over the 500 trajectories, with the min and max in brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/inference-leakage-detection-for-authorization-policies-over-4ta64je40u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-corrected-authorization-policy-1554xrbi.png Table 2. Corrected authorization policy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-an-rdf-graph-g0-and-its-closure-cl-g0-w5f51jmj.png Fig. 1. An example of an RDF graph G0 and its closure Cl(G0) https://scispace.com/papers/inference-on-trending-panel-data-350hl077b2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-bias-x100-i-d0-r-0-5-r-0-9-2z9u7ejq.png Table 1. Empirical bias ×100. I(δ0) ρ = 0.5 ρ = 0.9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-empirical-size-corrected-5-t-test-i-d0-r-0-9-linear-3ioh164q.png Table 7. Empirical Size (%) Corrected 5% t-test. I(δ0), ρ = 0.9, linear trend βi (t/T ) , βi ∼ IIN (0, γ2). γ = 1 γ = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-empirical-bias-d-x100-farima-x0-d0-r-0-9-x0-0-5-x0-0-1i3oguej.png Table 9. Empirical bias δ̂ ×100. FARIMA(ξ0, δ0), ρ = 0.9. ξ0 = 0.5 ξ0 = 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-empirical-bias-x-x100-arfi-x0-d0-r-0-9-x0-0-5-x0-0-2jm7all1.png Table 11. Empirical bias ξ̂ ×100. ARFI(ξ0, δ0), ρ = 0.9. ξ0 = 0.5 ξ0 = 0.8 ξ̂ D T ξ̂δ P T ξ̂ D T ξ̂ P T δ0 : 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 T NT 10 100 -8.90 -2.76 -1.46 0.31 -7.30 -1.74 -1.12 0.61 -9.91 -8.37 -7.60 -5.04 -8.26 -5.91 -5.73 -3.96 12 96 -6.00 -1.27 -0.22 1.36 -7.04 -0.71 -0.08 1.53 -9.97 -8.56 -7.80 -5.49 -8.67 -6.36 -6.27 -4.57 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-size-corrected-5-t-test-i-d0-r-0-5-r-0-9-26pie3bv.png Table 3. Empirical Size (%) Corrected 5% t-test. I(δ0) ρ = 0.5 ρ = 0.9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-empirical-size-corrected-5-wald-test-farima-x0-d0-r-28dd1bv4.png Table 13. Empirical Size (%) Corrected 5% Wald-test. FARIMA(ξ0, δ0), ρ = 0.9. ξ0 = 0.5 ξ0 = 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-empirical-bias-x100-i-d0-r-0-9-linear-trend-bi-t-t-2bf930h9.png Table 5. Empirical bias ×100. I(δ0), ρ = 0.9, linear trend βi (t/T ) , βi ∼ IIN (0, γ2). γ = 1 γ = 3 https://scispace.com/papers/inferring-ideal-amino-acid-interaction-forms-from-5zbviy19fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-one-bodyapproximations-toproteincontactpotentials-33fsjodh.png TABLE II.One-BodyApproximations toProteinContactPotentials (CPs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-correlations-betweencps-forlowertriangularpart-3ngfhqr2.png TABLE I.Correlations betweenCPs forLowerTriangularPart andDistancesBetweenNormalizedPotentials forUpper TriangularPart, for aConvenience ofEasyComparison theResults areMultipliedbyFactor 100 and theColoringScheme ExplainedBelow theTable isUsed.PotentialsDerivedbyOptimizationareMarked inBlue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-illustration-of-correlations-among-different-3q607b6l.png Fig. 1. Graphical illustration of correlations among different protein potentials. Coloring scheme is the same as in Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/inflation-dynamics-in-a-small-open-economy-2zrhthonfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tests-for-cointegration-rank-2jioxqhm.png Table 1: Tests for cointegration rank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-forward-looking-model-actual-values-and-dynamic-38dugim8.png Figure 7: The forward-looking model: Actual values and dynamic forecasts of pt± 2STD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-confidence-region-for-gf-l-and-gb-with-29fjmc29.png Figure 5: Estimated confidence region for γf , λ and γb with confidence level 0.999. Plots of (γf ,λ) where γb is maximised over intervals (–2,2), (–4,4), (–6,6) and (–10,10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-parameter-estimates-of-the-exact-hybrid-forward-x1kmoht3.png Table 3: Some parameter estimates of the exact hybrid forward-looking model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-backward-looking-model-actual-values-and-1vj6ki39.png Figure 6: The backward-looking model: Actual values and dynamic forecasts of pt± 2STD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-for-pt-and-pt-based-on-equation-8-c1rzvc2g.png Figure 2: Time series for pt and p̂t based on equation (8) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surface-and-contour-plots-of-concentrated-27cn2pon.png Figure 4: Surface and contour plots of concentrated likelihood function 2 lc1=2logLc1 as a function of γf and λ for the exact hybrid model with ψ = 0.621 and γb = −0.745. The maximal value is located at the point (5.16, −0.27) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-concentrated-likelihood-functions-2loglc2-as-189h3tre.png Figure 3: Concentrated likelihood functions 2logLc2 as functions of ψ for the CVAR with homogeneity restriction (solid line), the exact hybrid model (short dashed line) and the exact non-hybrid model (long dashed line) https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-a-simple-magnetic-bar-on-buoyancy-driven-rvoexyted3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nonlinear-dynamics-of-autocatalytic-chemical-fronts-at-1nz9bmrs.png FIG. 7. Nonlinear dynamics of autocatalytic chemical fronts at successive times when Ra = 2, and a transverse magnetic field is applied with (a) MR = 0, (b) MR = 15,α = 0.25, and (c) MR = 15,α = −0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nonlinear-dynamics-of-autocatalytic-chemical-fronts-at-bgke9wlv.png FIG. 3. Nonlinear dynamics of autocatalytic chemical fronts at successive times in absence of any magnetic field (MR = 0) with (a) Ra = 1 (unstable descending front) and (b) Ra = −1 (unstable ascending front). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mixing-length-of-the-finger-of-autocatalytic-chemical-2xvv58xn.png FIG. 6. Mixing length of the finger of autocatalytic chemical front for different magnetic numbers with Ra = 1, α = 0.25 (corresponds to Fig. 4, unstable descending front). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-system-2oqlapmh.png FIG. 1. Sketch of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-nonlinear-dynamics-of-autocatalytic-chemical-fronts-8cm85l5c.png FIG. 10. Nonlinear dynamics of autocatalytic chemical fronts at successive time for Ra = 0, and a transverse magnetic field MR = 10, α = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nonlinear-dynamics-of-autocatalytic-chemical-fronts-at-24nxrk8a.png FIG. 4. Nonlinear dynamics of autocatalytic chemical fronts at successive times with Ra = 1, α = 0.25, and (a) MR = 2, (b) MR = 4, and (c) MR = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-space-time-maps-of-the-locations-of-the-maxima-black-2jcyp00d.png FIG. 8. Space-time maps of the locations of the maxima (black) and the minima (grey) of the transversed averaged profiles 〈c(y, t)〉 as a function of time for Ra = 2 and a transverse magnetic field with (a) MR = 0, (b) MR = 15,α = 0.25, and (c) MR = 15,α = −0.25. The horizontal direction corresponds to the length in the y-direction (ly = 2048), while time is increasing upward from t = 0 up to t = 3000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-mixing-length-of-the-finger-of-autocatalytic-266peckw.png FIG. 9. (a) Mixing length of the finger of autocatalytic chemical front in presence of a transverse magnetic field for Ra = −2 (corresponds to Fig. 7), (b) magnification of (a) at early time t. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-composition-of-sicn-as-interfacial-layer-on-1xmg0uifka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-film-properties-for-sicn-after-deposition-and-1jtcszn2.png Table II. Film properties for SiCN after deposition and densification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-thickness-and-roughness-of-sicn-films-for-post-3m8u2px7.png Table III. Thickness and roughness of SiCN films for post deposition and post CMP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tem-eels-elemental-analysis-for-a-sicn-2-sicn-2-zuwb0oxp.png Figure 6. TEM-EELS elemental analysis for (a) SiCN #2 – SiCN #2 bonding interface and (b) SiCN #3 – SiCN #3 bonding interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bond-energy-for-sicn-sicn-bonding-interface-after-1x3qwy5b.png Figure 7. Bond energy for SiCN-SiCN bonding interface after annealing at 250°C for 2 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-c-sam-scan-images-of-300-mm-bonded-wafers-for-a-3lfyu0jq.png Figure 4. C-SAM scan images of 300 mm bonded wafers for a pair of (a) SiCN #1 (b) SiCN #2 and (c) SiCN #3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tem-of-sicn-sicn-bonding-interface-after-250degc-2sgogucz.png Figure 5. TEM of SiCN-SiCN bonding interface after 250°C post bond annealing. (a) and (c) SiCN #2, (b) and (d) SiCN #3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-water-contact-angle-a-and-hf-thickness-after-one-1y80ylrk.png Figure 3. Water contact angle (a) and Hf thickness after one cycle of ALD HfO2 deposition using HfCl4/H2O (b) on each film before and after N2 plasma activation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-afm-images-of-the-top-surface-after-cmp-for-a-sicn-1g9qkb3e.png Figure 1. AFM images of the top surface after CMP for (a) SiCN #1, (b) SiCN #2 and (c) SiCN #3. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-aging-and-neurodegenerative-disease-on-changes-tmon1uso86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-labeling-and-capping-of-band-3-like-molecules-in-1wwhtdgf.png Table 1 Labeling and capping of band 3-like molecules in white blood cells of various donor groups1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-immunobiot-analysis-of-band-3-likc-molecules-in-white-tgbwyt1c.png Fig. 2. Immunobiot analysis of band 3-likc molecules in white blood cells of various donor groups. Cell homogenates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblotting using an antiserum raised against erythrocyte band 3 as described in the Materials and methods section. All lanes contained 10 /¿g of protein, and the various blots were incubated and developed under identical conditions. For proper comparison, care was taken that the original blots contained the maximum number possible (3- 4) of samples from the various donor groups (each group consisted of eight donors). YC, young controls; OC, old, age-matched controls; MID, patients with multi-infarct dementia; AD, patients with Alzheimer’s disease; DS, patients with Down’s syndrome, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-labeling-and-capping-of-band-3-like-proteins-in-white-5snkksdu.png Fig. 1. Labeling and capping of band 3-like proteins in white blood cells, visualized with fluorescent microspheres. Cells were incubated with an antiserum against the membrane domain of band 3 as described in the Materials and methods section. Shown are examples of three possible results. Panel 1, from top to bottom: labeling without capping, completely covered with microspheres, and labeled with capping; Panel 2, from top to bottom: capping, labeled without capping, capping. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-environmental-factors-on-reproduction-of-polar-2g6e9je8eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-antarctic-fl-owering-plants-growing-under-various-1nywyx2u.png Figure 1. Antarctic fl owering plants growing under various environmental conditions a, d – the plants growing under natural conditions (the Antarctic – King Georg Island, in the Admiralty Bay region). On the specimen of: Colobanthus quitensis (a) numerous of mature seed-bags and young fl ower buds and D. antarctica (d) young infl orescences are visible; b,c,e, f – the plants growing in a greenhouse of University of Warmia and Mazury, at temperature of about 20ºC. On the specimens of C. quitensis (b) and D. antarctica (e) cultivated during one month, the abundant fl owers are visible. The elderly specimens of C. quitensis (c) and D. antarctica (f) without generative structures cultivated during two years. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-different-nanoparticles-embedded-in-crystalline-2r5fxt62ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-temperature-dependences-of-thermal-11v7o0li.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Temperature dependences of thermal conductivity of carbon monoxide nanocomposite with palladium nanoparticles of different linear dimensions: 6 nm (), 8 nm (), 10 nm (), 12 nm () and 18 nm (). For the comparison purpose the data for pure CO were also shown () [10]. Solid lines are approximations of the experimental data with the expression (10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-thermal-conductivity-at-the-maximum-of-the-thermal-m9f4j76n.png Fig. 4. The thermal conductivity (at the maximum of the thermal conductivity curve) of CO-based nanocomposite as a function of silica nano-inclusions size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-thermal-conductivity-of-carbon-monoxide-2t9u75yd.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Thermal conductivity of carbon monoxide nanocomposite with SiO2 nanoparticles of different linear dimensions: 5 nm (), 18 nm (), 42 nm (), 162 nm (). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-thermal-conductivity-at-the-maximum-of-the-thermal-2y43zfd2.png Fig. 2. The thermal conductivity (at the maximum of the thermal conductivity curve) of carbon monoxide based nanocomposite as a function of palladium nanoparticle size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-fit-phonon-relaxation-rate-parameters-obtained-1jgyymw8.png Table 1. Best fit phonon relaxation rate parameters obtained by Debye equation for the CO crystals containing palladium nanoparticles. In the fitting procedure scattering of phonons by crystal grain boundaries (ab), point defects (ap), dislocation strain fields (ad) and by phonons in U-processes (aU1, aU2) were taken into account https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-parameters-ab-ap-ad-au1-au2-of-2l7a4sfi.png Table 2. Values of the parameters ab, ap, ad, aU1, aU2 of equation (10), for which the experimentally obtained dependence of the thermal conductivity of the investigated nanocomposites is best approximated https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-glutathione-reductase-on-diquat-neurotoxcity-1ey5b1g7qm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-content-of-superoxide-anion-radical-o2-in-bilateral-3g1vt69j.png Figure 1. Content of superoxide anion radical (O2•–) in bilateral cortex of rats after single intrastriatal administration of diquat (DQ group), glutathione reductase (GR group) and glutathione reductase in the pretreatment of diquat administration (GR+DQ group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-activity-of-superoxide-dismutase-sod-in-the-2q59kz3y.png Figure 4. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the bilateral cortex of rats after a single intrastriatal administration of diquat (DQ group), glutathione reductase (GR group) and glutathione reductase in the pretreatment of diquat administration (GR+DQ group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lipid-peroxidation-malondialdehyde-mda-in-the-1dx2welf.png Figure 3. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the bilateral cortex of rats after a single intrastriatal administration of diquat (DQ group), glutathione reductase (GR group) and glutathione reductase in the pretreatment of diquat administration (GR+DQ group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-content-of-nitrates-no3-in-bilateral-cortex-of-rats-1zk1275q.png Figure 2. Content of nitrates (NO3–) in bilateral cortex of rats after single intrastriatal administration diquat (DQ group), glutathione reductase (GR group) and glutathione reductase in the pretreatment of diquat administration (GR+DQ group). https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-grain-size-on-the-flow-properties-of-an-al-mg-1p04fip11t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cnxoysx5.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-10gs6458.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3jjocek2.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-legibility-on-perceived-safety-in-a-virtual-1h0ao733m7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-approach-directions-of-the-robot-a-from-the-left-b-2d9dhay7.png Fig. 1: Approach directions of the robot (a) from the left, (b) frontal and (c) from the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-supplementary-material-and-environment-for-video-1tqnp3nh.png Fig. 2: Supplementary material and environment for video recording: (a) B21 RWI robot, (b) interactor with head mounted camera, (c) lab area with Kinect sensor as seen from the head mounted camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relation-between-correct-incorrect-answer-and-1qui1b09.png Fig. 4: Relation between correct/incorrect answer and perceived safety. If the answer was incorrect, the average rating score increased which is equivalent with a lower perceived safety. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relation-between-perceived-safety-and-expectation-1k4glqx5.png Fig. 5: Relation between perceived safety and expectation score. If expectations are fully met (score = 5), the GodspeedV-score is low, which expresses higher perceived safety. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-godspeed-v-scores-of-the-different-items-of-perceived-2mrr2vgv.png Fig. 3: Godspeed-V-scores of the different items of perceived safety. The perceived safety is higher after watching HA-WF videos. Note: due to the scale in the questionnaire a lower value means higher perceived safety. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-flexibility-on-the-separation-of-chiral-isomers-2wtquyo3rv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xy-view-of-the-chiral-pore-topology-of-one-11m9d72v.png Figure 1. XY-view of the chiral pore topology of one enantiomer of zeotype STW, which consists of six rectangular cages oriented in the three dimensions of space with a rotation of 60º along the z-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adsorption-isotherms-of-the-equimolar-mixtures-of-3jtqzr38.png Figure 6. Adsorption isotherms of the equimolar mixtures of 2P-2MB (left), 2P-3M2B (center), and 2MB-3M2B (right) at 298K in STW-SiGe, calculated with rigid and flexible frameworks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-single-component-adsorption-isotherms-298k-of-2f9gyaq9.png Figure 4. Single-component adsorption isotherms (298K) of enantiomeric pairs of a) 2P in STW-Si, b) 2P in STW-SiGe, c) 2MB in STW-SiGe, and d) 3M2B in STW-SiGe, modelled as rigid (full symbols) and flexible frameworks (open symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-minimum-apertures-of-8mr-top-and-a2kfm7j7.png Figure 5. Distribution of minimum apertures of 8MR (top) and 10MR (bottom) in the empty STW-Si and STW-SiGe frameworks (dashed lines), and saturated with molecules (solid lines). Loading is indicated for each compound in molecules per unit cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pore-size-distribution-of-flexible-stw-si-left-and-1677y8hc.png Figure 9. Pore size distribution of flexible STW-Si (left) and STW-SiGe (right) averaged from snapshots of frameworks taken during MD simulations of the empty frameworks (red) and hybrid MCMD simulations from a racemic feed (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-adsorbed-fractional-content-of-r-enantiomers-as-a-3lmweqo9.png Figure 7. Adsorbed fractional content of R enantiomers as a function of the R-fraction in a R/S mixture in the reservoir for right and left-handed STW-Si (left) and STW-SiGe (right) taken as rigid frameworks, at 106 Pa and 298 K. Straight line indicates that the adsorbed composition is identical to that in the reservoir. Solid line shows an approximation of the data trend using the Bezier curve smoothing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pore-size-distribution-left-of-stw-si-red-and-stw-1sneduw2.png Figure 2. Pore size distribution (left) of STW-Si (red) and STW-SiGe (green). XY (center) and ZY (right) views of STW geometry showing the internal pore space featuring wide sections (I) in red, diffusion limiting necks (II) and pockets (III) in blue. These views were generated with Pore Blazer by moving probe particles of increasing diameter sizes in STW-Si: 3.5 Å (grey silhouette), 4 Å (blue area) and 4.5 Å (red area). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-adsorbed-fractional-content-of-r-enantiomers-as-a-22a8bgu7.png Figure 8. Adsorbed fractional content of R enantiomers as a function of the R-fraction in a R/S mixture in the reservoir for right and left-handed STW-Si (left) and STW-SiGe (right) taken as flexible (open symbols) and rigid (full symbols) frameworks, at 106 Pa and 298 K. The straight line indicates that the adsorbed composition is identical to that in the reservoir. Solid lines capture the data trend by using Bezier curves smoothing. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-localized-plasticity-on-oxidation-behaviour-of-1ruku7fdk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-bright-field-images-of-a-ti-c-n-precipitate-with-the-1har9qa5.png Fig. 4. (a) Bright field images of (a) Ti(C,N) precipitate with the associated diffraction pattern in zone axis [001], (b) C5(Fe, Ti, Cr)11Mo6 precipitate with the associated diffraction patterns in zone axis [ 102] and (c) titanium phosphide precipitates (shown by white arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-half-true-strain-amplitude-dr-2-versus-number-of-1jk01vbd.png Fig. 5. Half true-strain amplitude (Dr/2) versus number of cycles for the precipitation-hardened A286. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-typical-hysteresis-loops-generated-during-3gx7cx47.png Fig. 6. (a) Typical hysteresis loops generated during symmetrical cyclic loading for A286 the 150th cycle (cyclic softening) are displayed. (b) Macroscopic cyclic softening versus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-carbon-12c-oxygen-16o-elements-and-chromium-and-iron-9z6meqj3.png Fig. 13. Carbon (12C), oxygen (16O) elements and chromium and iron oxides (16O52Cr, 16O56Fe) mapped at 5 lm (images on the left) and 15 lm depths (image on the right). Note that the dotted lines indicate the outlines of intergranular penetrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-typical-bright-and-dark-field-micrographs-showing-1e5vr89a.png Fig. 7. Typical bright and dark field micrographs showing deformation microstructures associated with cyclic softening induced by LCF at room temperature. (a) Dep/2 = 0.2%, (b) Dep/2 = 0.2%, from [11], (c) Dep/2 = 0.8% and (d) Dep/2 = 2%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-diffusion-profiles-of-elements-from-base-metal-up-to-2963j0ms.png Fig. 12. Diffusion profiles of elements (from base metal up to the oxide) of A286 after 116 cycles at 0.8% and exposure to simulated reactor primary water. The blue box encompasses the recrystallised zone as determined by TEM and the ellipse highlights enhanced oxygen penetration. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bright-field-image-of-the-oxide-layer-cross-section-1dqjnw88.png Fig. 8. Bright field image of the oxide layer cross section after exposure of non-precycled, aged A286 alloy to simulated reactor primary water (340 C, 500 h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bright-field-image-of-the-oxide-layer-after-exposure-bp3pglcq.png Fig. 9. Bright field image of the oxide layer after exposure to simulated reactor primary water (340 C, 500 h) of precycled (0.8%, 116 cycles) aged A286 alloy. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-lattice-modifier-on-the-nonlinear-refractive-4ywtnmtojh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dispersion-of-the-linear-refractive-index-for-the-1h21te6b.png Fig. 4. Dispersion of the linear refractive index for the samples with different lattice modifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raman-scattering-for-tellurite-glass-with-different-2sta2gk2.png Fig. 5. Raman scattering for tellurite glass with different lattice modifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nonlinear-refractive-index-as-a-function-of-the-band-2nc782v7.png Fig. 3. Nonlinear refractive index as a function of the band gap energy. The solid line is included to aid visualization of the exponential behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-band-gap-energy-egap-experimental-linear-refractive-gq8jmn3p.png Table 1 Band-gap energy (Egap), experimental linear refractive index (nexp) at 632.8 nm, calculated refractive index (ncalc), polarizability (αO 2-), basicity (Λ), experimental nonlinear refractive index (n2 exp ) measured at 1.3 µm, and nonlinear refractive index calculated by BGO theory (n2calc). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-z-scan-signal-obtained-for-tlb10-glass-by-using-0-03-1nibgofy.png Fig. 1. Z-scan signal obtained for TLB10 glass by using 0.03 mW of a pulsed laser at 1.3 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ae-1-2-vs-photon-energy-e-spectra-of-the-tl-tlb5-and-1cbtt6ww.png Fig. 2. (αE)1/2 vs. photon energy (E) spectra of the TL, TLB5, and TLB10 glass. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-microscopic-defects-in-type-ii-superconducting-4ce5d72ftd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-squares-measured-form-of-the-discontinuity-lines-of-3ee9j9te.png FIG. 9. Squares: measured form of the discontinuity lines of lower defect on the left in Fig. 7~areas 2 and 3 in the detaile figure!. Solid lines: measured discontinuity lines fitted with Eq.~1! lead to parabolas with identical parameterp520.860.2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-distribution-in-an-infinitely-long-sample-5kbk99ix.png FIG. 1. Current distribution in an infinitely long sample contai ing a long cylindrical defect. The sample is exposed to a homo neous external magnetic field parallel to the cylindrical defect perpendicular to the image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magneto-optical-image-of-the-magnetic-flux-distributi-dnraanpa.png FIG. 2. Magneto-optical image of the magnetic flux distributi of a rectangular YBCO thin film~size'131 cm2) at 10 K ~ZFC! and a homogeneous external field of 113 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flux-distribution-around-four-nonconducting-round-d-3hmrh3di.png FIG. 3. Flux distribution around four nonconducting round d fects~diameter540 mm) at 10 K~ZFC! and an external magneti field of 51 mT. The distance between the defects is 200mm ~after Ref. 20!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sketch-of-a-defect-which-is-separated-from-the-sam-35lrf5py.png FIG. 5. Sketch of a defect which is separated from the sam edge by Meissner regions, similar to the situation of the defects the right in Fig. 4~b!. In contrast to the flux distribution around th defects in Fig. 3, the screening currents reached their critical v on the defect side which is oriented towards the center of sample~to the right!, so flux penetrates partly through the adjace thin film. The sketch is not to scale~thickness of YBCO layer '10233 thickness of the substrate!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-critical-current-distribution-around-a-circular-defe-1ctxfugp.png FIG. 8. Critical current distribution around a circular defe ~dark! in a superconducting thin film, which develops if the flu front had a straight form, when it was far away from the defect. contrast to the longitudinal geometry, a second discontinuity rabola develops. The parametersp of the parabolas correspond t the defect radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-defects-of-fig-3-after-increasing-the-external-m-3ni90rq7.png FIG. 7. The defects of Fig. 3 after increasing the external m netic field to 82 mT. The lower image shows details of the ima above. Besides the parabolic discontinuity lines 1 and 2 orien towards the center of the sample, the left defects show an addit discontinuity line 3 oriented towards the edge of the sample. contrast of the lower image was enhanced in comparison to upper image. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-old-age-on-risk-of-lymph-node-metastasis-and-1rlj2v705t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3fwwha7q.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-analysis-of-the-risk-factors-for-1tx41hnn.png Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer(LNE≥12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinicopathological-characteristics-of-the-selected-n55rwl99.png Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the selected patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-analysis-of-the-risk-factors-for-beprtd8q.png Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer the elder patients(age ≥ 65,years) (LNE≥12) https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-photon-energy-on-the-efficiency-of-2gxvmgykuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-time-evolution-of-the-concentration-of-the-1e5p59ko.png Fig. 1. The time evolution of the concentration of the photosensitizer in tumor cells of an HeLa culture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absorption-1-and-fluorescence-2-3-spectra-of-the-2sxgu6hz.png Fig. 2. Absorption (1) and fluorescence (2, 3) spectra of the photosensitizer in HeLa cells (1, 3) and in vivo taking absorption in the biological tissue into account (2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-depth-of-damage-in-solid-sa-m-1-and-rs-1-rat-tumors-2vg6biwk.png TABLE 1. Depth of damage in solid Sa M-1 and RS-1 rat tumors under photochemotherapy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-variation-of-the-buildup-in-vivo-of-the-cd4cwvk5.png Fig. 4. Time variation of the buildup in vivo of the photosensitizer in M-1 sarcoma tumor for photosensitizer concentrations of 2.5 (1) and 1.25 mg/kg (2), and in RS-1 tumor for a concentration of 5 mg/kg (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-fraction-of-destroyed-hela-cells-as-a-function-of-1n7rklg7.png Fig. 3. The fraction of destroyed HeLa cells as a function of the photoexcitation flux for a photosensitizer concentration of 5 μg/ml in the cells and an effective luminous energy dose of 10 J/cm2 at λ = 668 (1), 740 (2), and 780 nm (3). https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-ph-type-of-acid-and-recovery-media-on-the-4d2t18dws9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-d-values-expressed-in-minutes-for-l-1vgro7yb.png Table 4 Calculated D-values (expressed in minutes) for L. innocua at different temperature, pH, type of acid and enumeration media. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-combined-influence-of-temperature-and-ph-on-log-d-a-18ok2x8s.png Fig. 3. Combined influence of temperature and pH on log D (a) and log L (b) for TSAYE medium. The lines represent model fits (Eqs. (2) and (3)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-models-that-include-ph-and-temperature-effects-on-3ep4omgp.png Table 5 Models that include pH and temperature effects on log D and log L prediction, for the enumeration media studied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-calculated-and-estimated-log-d-2rxwlut5.png Fig. 2. Comparison between the calculated and estimated log D (a) and log L (b) values for all the experimental data, using TSAYE (○), TSAYE+5%NaCl (Δ) and Palcam Agar (■) as the recovery media. The lines represent the diagonals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-and-ph-sensitivity-of-log-d-a-and-log-l-b-nbddlzdc.png Fig. 4. Temperature and pH sensitivity of log D (a) and log L (b) expressed by z- and z⁎values, for the enumeration media used. The bars represent the confidence intervals at 95% of z- and z⁎-values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-shoulder-maximum-inactivation-rate-and-1plxun0v.png Table 1 Estimated shoulder, maximum inactivation rate and tail parameters of L. innocua 10528 at pH 4.5 for all type of acids and temperatures tested. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-shoulder-maximum-inactivation-rate-and-uy59vrik.png Table 2 Estimated shoulder, maximum inactivation rate and tail parameters of L. innocua 10528 at pH 6.0 for all type of acids and temperatures tested. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-shoulder-maximum-inactivation-rate-and-5yi1gvq9.png Table 3 Estimated shoulder, maximum inactivation rate and tail parameters of L. innocua 10528 at pH 7.5, used as control, for all temperatures tested. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-randomness-in-topology-geometry-and-material-1agq8qtm33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-truss-structure-with-random-topology-induced-by-2vwo2hi7.png FIG. 1. Truss structure with random topology induced by randomness of diagonal directions together with the notation and the coordinate system used. Index pairs refer to cells and the corresponding diagonals, whereas index pairs within parentheses refer to nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-effect-of-irregularity-3qr4t0eg.png FIG. 6. Illustration of the effect of irregularity, respectively randomness, on the onset of failure. From left to right the deformed states are shown for a perfectly regular network, a network with the same topology but a random variation of the geometry, a network with irregular topology but regular geometry followed by a network with same topology but randomized geometry. In the second row, only the rods with 90 percent or more of the maximum stress are shown for the corresponding networks. A red color indicates compression stress whereas blue means tension. Finally, green is used for edges with zero stresses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relation-between-s2f-and-b-for-various-values-of-r-2te5o2z2.png FIG. 7. Relation between σ2f and β for various values of ρ̄ . https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-raman-scattering-on-ocean-color-inversion-2qehdj7d1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-error-in-inverted-iops-due-to-raman-scatter-1i4xnwc6.png Fig. 3. Relative error in inverted IOPs due to Raman scatter as a function of chlorophyll concentration. Bias is calculated as normalized difference (%) between each retrieved IOP fromRrs λ with and without Raman scatter included. In each panel three curves are shown that represent: error in retrievals using uncorrected Rrs (black line), error in retrievals after correction of Rrs with exact IOPs (blue line), and error in retrievals after correction of Rrs with estimated IOPs from either GSM or QAA (red lines) IOPs in the top and bottom row, respectively. (a) GSM Chl; (b) GSM aCDM 443 ; (c) GSM bbp 443 ; (d) QAA aph 443 ; e, QAA aCDM 443 ; and (f) QAA bbp 443 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-iops-from-inversion-of-hydrolight-rrs-l-with-and-1n1ckid3.png Fig. 2. IOPs from inversion of HydroLight Rrs λ with and without Raman scatter included. Values plotted on the abscissae in each panel are taken from HydroLight and considered the “true” IOP value. (a) Chl from GSM (bottom and left axes) and aph 443 from QAA (top and right axes); (b) aCDM 443 ; (c) bbp 443 . In each panel, “x” and “o” represent GSM and QAA retrievals, respectively. Red and blue symbols represent inversions of Rrs λ with and without Raman scatter included, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimation-of-raman-component-of-rrs-l-rrs-r-is-33c3mz3l.png Fig. 4. Estimation of Raman component of Rrs λ . Rrs;R is directly estimated from Eq. (7). ΔRrs is the arithmetic difference between radiative transfer simulations with and without Raman scattering included. Results for all visible satellite wave bands are shown together. Diagonal line is 1:1 line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fractional-contribution-of-raman-component-to-total-3ao0rl5s.png Fig. 5. Fractional contribution of Raman component to total Rrs λ calculated for a single L3 monthly MODIS composite image (October 2004). Values are expressed as a percentage (%) and each panel shows different MODIS wave bands in the visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fractional-contribution-of-raman-scattered-radiance-to-2p1kciq8.png Fig. 6. Fractional contribution of Raman scattered radiance to total Rrs λ for various ranges of observed satellite Chl (October 2004). Chl bins are for values <0.05 mgm−3 (top curve), 0.1 < Chl < 0.5 mgm−3 (middle curve), and Chl > 1.0 mgm−3 (bottom curve). Error bars represent ranges of variability within each Chl bin. Results for MODIS wave bands >551 nm not shown, due to contamination by Chl fluorescence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histograms-of-global-iop-retrievals-for-a-single-l3-po6qfoo9.png Fig. 7. Histograms of global IOP retrievals for a single L3 monthly composite (October 2004). Top panels show GSM retrievals of (a) Chl; (b) aCDM 443 ; (c) bbp 443 . Bottom panels show QAA retrievals for (d) aph 443 ; (e) aCDM 443 ; (f) bbp 443 . In each panel, the black histogram is from monthly values estimated without any correction for Raman scattering (the default), and the red line is from inversion after removing the Raman contribution to Rrs λ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-satellite-bbp-443-inversions-before-and-1sd2t9kv.png Fig. 8. Comparison of satellite bbp 443 inversions before and after removal of Raman component of remote sensing reflectance, Rrs;R λ . (a) and (b) show the spatial distribution of error in bbp 443 due to Raman for the GSM and QAA inversions, respectively. (c) and (d) are histograms of each respective image. Black lines are cumulative distribution functions of each field. Bias is calculated as normalized difference between bbp 443 estimated from satellite Rrs λ with and without Raman scatter included (×100 to express as a percentage). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectral-remote-sensing-reflectance-fromhydrolight-2614yvvs.png Fig. 1. Spectral remote sensing reflectance fromHydroLight simulations. (a)Rrs λ for varying Chl for cases which include Raman scatter (dotted red lines) and which do not include Raman scatter (solid black lines). (b) Percent contribution of Raman scatter to Rrs λ expressed as the ratio of Rrs;R λ :Rrs λ times 100. Details of simulations are described in Section 2. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-random-dc-offsets-on-burst-mode-receiver-nydmblwhjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-burst-mode-receiver-parameters-7l8clx7a.png TABLE I BURST-MODE RECEIVER PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-a-typical-passive-optical-network-olt-22rtv0nq.png Fig. 1. Overview of a typical passive optical network. OLT = optical line termination, ONU = optical network unit, BMRx = burst-mode receiver, BMLD = burst-mode laser driver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-input-signal-of-a-bmrx-when-employed-in-the-2gyb7tsj.png Fig. 2. Typical input signal of a BMRx when employed in the optical line termination of a PON. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-yield-of-the-pin-bmrx-ub-is-fixed-to-0-5-27l9hawu.png Fig. 8. Yield of the PIN-BMRx. µβ is fixed to 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sensitivity-penalty-as-a-function-of-ub-for-different-3r5fe9c9.png Fig. 10. Sensitivity penalty as a function of µβ for different G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-of-the-sensitivity-obtained-from-106-monte-20p6n41f.png Fig. 7. Histogram of the sensitivity obtained from 106 Monte Carlo runs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sensitivity-penalty-decibels-as-a-function-of-g-xt7vraze.png Fig. 9. Sensitivity penalty (decibels) as a function of G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-conceptual-block-diagram-of-a-bmrx-and-associated-2942sz5e.png Fig. 3. Conceptual block diagram of a BMRx and associated signals. APD = avalanche photodiode, TIA = transimpedance amplifier. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-size-distribution-and-field-amplitude-on-1emq98gaiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lrt-validity-conditions-for-fe3o4-peg200-sample-full-3bvjhmg4.png FIG. 7. LRT validity conditions for Fe3O4/PEG200 sample. Full black line represents lðdÞB ¼ kBT curve which delimits the area where LRT is applicable (left) and is not applicable (right); red bell-shaped line—volume weighted size distribution; dotted horizontal line—maximum field amplitude used in our experiments; and dashed line—relaxation condition sR ¼ 1=ð2pf Þ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetic-hysteresis-of-pegylated-samples-at-300-k-1okc7nur.png FIG. 4. Magnetic hysteresis of PEGylated samples at 300 K. Inset in the upper left corner: temperature dependence of magnetization in 0.01 T; inset in the lower right corner: part of the hysteresis loop at 5 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tem-images-main-panel-with-number-weighted-size-qzea5u5h.png FIG. 3. TEM images (main panel) with number weighted size distribution histograms of PEGylated Fe3O4 samples (upper inset): (a) Fe3O4/PEG200 and (b) Fe3O4/PEG6000. Bottom inset: X-ray diffraction patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ftir-spectra-of-pegylated-fe3o4-samples-and-uncoated-3adg8si0.png FIG. 2. FTIR spectra of PEGylated Fe3O4 samples and uncoated Fe3O4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-specific-loss-power-for-different-amplitudes-of-2akvfres.png FIG. 8. Specific loss power for different amplitudes of applied alternating field. Symbols represent measured values, bars are experimental errors, full lines are best fits using size distribution functions and field dependent relaxation times. Dashed lines represent values of the SLP when field independent relaxation times are used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tga-curves-for-fe3o4-peg200-and-fe3o4-peg6000-tdl6ya25.png FIG. 1. TGA curves for Fe3O4/PEG200 and Fe3O4/PEG6000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-l0hcdtth-dependence-symbols-represent-experimental-9d9az2bh.png FIG. 5. l0HCðTÞ dependence: symbols represent experimental data and lines represent best fits using Eq. (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fe3o4-peg200-sample-relaxation-times-relaxation-times-305ihxjp.png FIG. 6. Fe3O4/PEG200 sample relaxation times. Relaxation times are presented for the case of minimal field used in our experiments (5 mT), depicted by red lines (left branch), and for the case of the maximal field (30 mT), depicted by blue lines (right branch). Dashed lines correspond to N eel relaxation time (sN), dashed-dotted to Brown (sB), and full lines to combined relaxation time (sR). The straight horizontal line represents the period of external field, s ¼ 1=ð2p f Þ. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-spot-size-on-propagation-dynamics-of-laser-1t5v6sn9ok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-images-of-the-plume-recorded-with-iccd-at-22isvvcf.png FIG. 1. Color online Images of the plume recorded with ICCD at different times after the onset of plasma formation in vacuum with 60 m spot size. The time noted in the figures corresponds to the time after the onset of plasma formation. Each image is obtained from different laser shots and all the images are normalized to its maximum intensity and are shown in logarithmic scale for better clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-typical-ion-signal-recorded-with-a-stjfn95f.png FIG. 6. Color online Typical ion signal recorded with a Faraday cup placed 15 cm from the target surface in vacuum for 60 and 280 m spot sizes. The time of flight profiles are scaled vertically for a better view. The inset provides the velocity distribution obtained from the time of flight ion profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-angular-distribution-of-ions-recorded-16nup8d6.png FIG. 7. Color online The angular distribution of ions recorded with a Faraday cup with 60 and 280 m spot sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-intensity-counts-obtained-from-the-iccd-37jo0e1g.png FIG. 4. Color online Intensity counts obtained from the ICCD images along the plume expansion direction z axis are given for various times after evolution of the plasma for a 60 and b 280 m. For better comparison all the intensity profiles are normalized with respect to its maximum intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-plume-front-position-as-a-function-of-3koui1d9.png FIG. 5. Color online The plume front position as a function of the time delay obtained from the images for 60 and 280 m spot sizes. The solid and dashed lines in the figure correspond to the R t0.4 and t0.55 fit, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-images-of-the-tin-plume-recorded-with-280-3vgkdhh1.png FIG. 3. Color online Images of the tin plume recorded with 280 m spot size and 300 mTorr Ar pressure. The time shown in the figures indicates the time after the onset of plasma formation. All images are normalized to its maximum intensity and are shown in logarithmic scale for better clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-plume-images-recorded-with-60-m-spot-2fpmtieq.png FIG. 2. Color online The plume images recorded with 60 m spot size in the presence of 300 mTorr argon ambient. The times shown in the frames correspond to the time after the onset of plasma formation. Each shot is recorded with different laser shots and all images are normalized with its maximum intensity and are shown in logarithmic scale for better clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-subthalamic-deep-brain-stimulation-on-cognitive-3p4ijncx2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-postoperative-clinical-data-mean-sd-and-comparison-25bqv1gk.png Table 3: Postoperative clinical data (mean ± SD) and comparison of the STN-High and STNLow subgroups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-data-mean-sd-and-comparison-between-groups-ot77goiw.png Table 1: Clinical data (mean ± SD) and comparison between groups with and without STNDBS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reward-effect-as-measured-by-rts-for-patients-1yvw2co1.png Figure 2: Reward effect, as measured by RTs for patients without or with STN-DBS. Error bars represent SEMs. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-surface-clinker-on-the-crustal-structures-and-4wdeiz5kop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-image-sequence-illustrating-the-development-of-a-d-3ty6xd0d.png Figure 2. Image sequence illustrating the development of (a–d) a thin crust flow (experiment 19: ∏1 = 0.17) and (e–h) a thick crust flow (experiment 20: ∏1 = 0.5). The reservoir is beyond the left‐hand side of the images. Early fracturing near the flow front as shown in Figures 2a and 2e was more pronounced in thick crusts, in which it was later exploited by upwelling silicone as shown in Figure 2f. The advance of the reservoir silicone down the channel resulted in the development of compressional ridges in the thin crust as shown in Figures 2b–2d but did not deform the trailing edge of the thick crust as shown in Figures 2f and 2g. Late‐stage compression, as the reservoir silicone advanced on the flow front, deformed the upwelled silicone ridges in the thick crust as shown in Figures 2g and 2f.Widespread fracturing occurred in both cases but was most obvious in the thick crust (arrows, Figures 2g–2h). Markers on the silicone (Figures 2c, 2d, 2g and 2h) illustrate the smoothly curved cross‐channel velocity profile typical of Newtonian fluids. “Caterpillar track” motion produced a basal sand layer (bsl in Figure 2d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-possible-fracture-orientations-in-a-zone-of-simple-1pwiln9w.png Figure 13. Possible fracture orientations in a zone of simple shear, corresponding the right‐hand margin of one of our experimental channels. IS represents the direction of imposed shear. Initially, s1 is oriented at 45° to IS [Mandl et al., 1977], causing synthetic R shears to form, making angles of ∼15° with IS. Conjugate, antithetic, R′ shears may also form, though these cannot accommodate large strains and were not seen in our models. Following R shear formation, s1 may locally rotate (as indicated), causing low‐angle shears to develop. R shears were seen in intermediate and thick crust experiments (Figures 6a and 8). In thick crusts, these were later linked by low‐angle shears to produce an initially sinuous, through‐going strike‐slip fault. After the study of Naylor et al. [1986]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-section-through-the-front-of-a-very-thin-2eb88vm8.png Figure 4. Cross section through the front of a very thin crust flow (experiment 24: ∏1 = 0.06). The vertical structure is simple, with no mixing between crust and core. Rolled over surface markers are visible in the basal sand layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-crustal-deformation-during-the-early-stages-of-a-2sf1zxzb.png Figure 5. Crustal deformation during the early stages of a thin crust flow (experiment 34: ∏1 = 0.17). (a) A region of narrow tensile fractures developed behind the flow front. As the silicone from the reservoir entered the channel, the crust ahead was compressed, resulting in irregular ripple structures. (b) Fifty minutes later, more regular wavelength surface ridges were discernable. These had smooth, open crests and sharp, cuspate troughs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-showing-the-advance-of-experimental-flows-from-c7abptrj.png Figure 3. Plot showing the advance of experimental flows from all crustal thickness classes, over the first 25 min. No crust, experiment 25:∏1 = 0. Very thin crust, experiment 24:∏1 = 0.06. Thin crust, experiment 19:∏1 = 0.17. Intermediate crust, experiment 17:∏1 = 0.29. Thick crust, experiment 20:∏1 = 0.5.∏3 is 4° in all cases. Advance rates increase with∏1. In the absence of crust, the rate of advance slows gradually with time following the initial sagging of the front. When crust is present, a sharp step in the advance shortly after the beginning of the experiment indicates some avalanching of the crust from the flow front. The quantity of crust, hence, the size of the step, increases with ∏1. A greater quantity of avalanched crust also causes increasingly episodic flow advance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sketch-showing-stress-and-strain-regimes-in-the-ic41y6gn.png Figure 11. Sketch showing stress and strain regimes in the experimental flows. (a) Frame of reference used when referring to stress directions. sx is the down‐channel normal stress, and txy is the wall shear stress. Initially, sx is everywhere low. As the front extends, sx becomes negative (s3). At the head of the channel, the silicone influx causes sx to become positive (s1). In themedial channel,sx remains close to zero for longer. s1 is the maximum, s2 is the intermediate, and s3 the minimum principal stress, the directions of which are modified by the shear stresses close to the margins. After the studies of Nye [1952] and Schreurs et al. [2006]. (b) Initial strain distributions near the head of the channel in thin and thick crusts. Thin crusts experience longitudinal compression, while thick crusts are not deformed. (c and d) Strain distributions near the flow front, which are largely independent of ∏1. (c) Initially, early spreading causes extension and frontal thinning. (d) Later, the advance of the silicone influx causes compression, downflow shortening, and frontal thickening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-velocity-plots-for-the-time-interval-7-12-min-2trf5efc.png Figure 12. Velocity plots for the time interval ∼7–12 min after the start of three experiments. Crosses indicate data points, and the data have been interpolated and contoured. (a) Very thin crust (experiment 24:∏1 = 0.06). (b) Intermediate crust (experiment 21: ∏1 = 0.29). (c) Thick crust (experiment 23:∏1 = 0.38). Contour spacing is 1mm s−1. Regions of extension (flow front), compression (channel head), and shear (channel margins) are identifiable from the pattern of contours. With increasing ∏1, the compressional region decreased in size, and the plug (p), the contour‐free area in the medial channel, increased in size. Flattened contours near the channel head reflect plug flow in higher ∏1 experiments. The shape of the contours in the tensile region (e) did not change significantly with ∏1. (d) Cross‐channel velocity profiles, measured across the transect indicated by the dashed line, show increasing plug velocities and steeper velocity gradients in the shear zones with increasing ∏1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-experimental-apparatus-showing-the-initial-2tkdgkpj.png Figure 1. The experimental apparatus, showing the initial configuration of a flow. Dark gray shading indicates the silicone, and light gray indicates the sand and plaster. Elevating the reservoir end of the board changed the slope a (∏3). https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-tetracycline-on-the-microbial-community-2f6vdc4t74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pcr-detection-results-of-tet-genes-in-the-biofilms-1qoiphzq.png Table 3 PCR detection results of tet genes in the biofilms of the SBBRs (Fig. SM-2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dgge-patterns-of-total-bacteria-a-aob-b-proteobacteria-7it4bv1f.png Fig. 1. DGGE patterns of total bacteria (a), AOB b-Proteobacteria (b) and Nitrobacter spp. (c) from SBBR1 and SBBR2 biofilm samples collected at the end of the experiment. Annotated DGGE bands were further identified by cloning and sequencing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operating-conditions-and-performance-of-the-sbbrs-at-1x42x84v.png Table 1 Operating conditions and performance of the SBBRs at the steady state (average value ± s https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-the-demagnetizing-factor-on-the-magnetocaloric-ob2xfxcefz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnetic-entropy-change-curves-for-applied-fields-of-0-2u20tghu.png FIG. 1. Magnetic entropy change curves for applied fields of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 T (upper) and the corresponding curves of the n exponent as a function of temperature (lower). Notice how n exponent evaluated at the Curie temperature n(TC) varies with the applied magnetic field when demagnetizing effects are taken into account (inset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-dsm-for-an-amorphous-1s1gr8nh.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of DSM for an amorphous Fe75Nb10B15 powdered alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-universal-curve-of-dsm-of-the-data-of-fig-4-inset-22rsr2vb.png FIG. 5. Universal curve of DSM of the data of Fig. 4. Inset shows the temperature and field dependence of exponent n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-field-dependence-of-dspkm-and-rc-for-different-values-3vkx7mhk.png FIG. 3. Field dependence of DSpkM and RC for different values of the demagnetizing factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-all-dsm-t-curves-from-figure-1-collapse-onto-the-ru4m0gse.png FIG. 2. All DSM(T) curves from Figure 1 collapse onto the universal curve after the appropriate re-scaling. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-the-charge-on-the-reactivity-of-azafullerenes-396wjjfvp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-molecular-orbital-correlation-diagrams-for-2lbm7sso.png Fig. 7. Schematic molecular orbital correlation diagrams for the cycloaddition reactions between cyclopentadiene and C59N+ (left) and C59N– (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reactive-66-bonds-in-the-considered-azafullerenes-2ae5n58o.png Fig. 1. Reactive [6,6]-bonds in the considered azafullerenes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computed-energies-in-kcal-mol-at-the-bp86-d3-tz2p-ri-2mx7ipje.png Table 1. Computed energies (in kcal/mol, at the BP86-D3/TZ2P+//RI-BP86-D3/def2-SVP level) for the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions between cyclopentadiene and C59N+, most reactive bond of C59NH and C60 on C–C [6,6]-pyracylenic bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computed-reaction-profiles-for-the-diels-alder-3e510vly.png Fig. 2. Computed reaction profiles for the Diels-Alder reactions between cyclopentadiene and C59N+ on the most reactive [6,6]-bond 4 (black lines) and least reactive bond 16 (gray lines). The competitive hetero-Diels-Alder reaction (HDA) is shown in blue. Relative energies and bond distances are given in kcal/mol and angstroms, respectively. All data have been computed at the BP86-D3/TZ2P+//RI-BP86-D3/def2-SVP level. Values within parentheses indicate calculations in solution at the COSMO(toluene)-BP86D3/TZ2P+//RI-BP86-D3/def2-SVP level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computed-energies-in-kcal-mol-at-the-bp86-d3-tz2p-ri-3juxie5d.png Table 2 Computed energies (in kcal/mol, at the BP86-D3/TZ2P+//RI-BP86-D3/def2-SVP level) for the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions between cyclopentadiene and C59N–. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-occupied-molecular-orbitals-of-intermediate-int-hda-23w872r1.png Fig. 4. Occupied molecular orbitals of intermediate INT-HDA for the cycloaddition reaction involving cyclopentadiene and C59N– (isosurface value of 0.05 a.u.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computed-reaction-profiles-for-the-diels-alder-2bnbmtlw.png Fig. 3. Computed reaction profiles for the Diels-Alder reactions between cyclopentadiene and C59N– on the most reactive [6,6]-bond 2 (black lines) and the least reactive bond 16 (gray lines). The competitive hetero-Diels-Alder reaction (HDA) is shown in blue. Relative energies and bond distances are given in kcal/mol and angstroms, respectively. All data have been computed at the BP86-D3/TZ2P+//RI-BP86-D3/def2-SVP level. Values within https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparative-activation-strain-diagrams-of-the-4-2-2xdfflvg.png Fig. 5. Comparative activation-strain diagrams of the [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions between cyclopentadiene and C59NH (bond 3, solid lines), C59N+ (bond 3, dashed lines) and C59N– (bond 2, dotted lines) along the reaction coordinate projected onto the forming C···C bond distance. All data have been computed at the BP86-D3/TZ2P+//RIBP86-D3/def2-SVP level. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-tetragonal-platelets-on-the-dielectric-2i2jolylxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-dependence-of-the-phase-fractions-as-2cphp0wj.png FIG. 8. Temperature dependence of the phase fractions as estimated from the integrated intensity of the SRs. Lines are a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-dependence-of-the-tilt-correlation-length-3rk6c0ev.png FIG. 9. Temperature dependence of the tilt correlation length in the rhombohedral and tetragonal domains, as calculated from the profile parameters of the respective SRs. Two length scales of the rhombohedral domains have been obtained from the narrow and broad components of the R-type SRs. Lines are a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-the-nbt-3-6bt-room-temperature-structure-2v10uzyy.png FIG. 1. Model of the NBT-3.6BT room-temperature structure featuring a−a−a− tilts (R3c symmetry). The Ti4+ ions are located at the centers of the oxygen octahedra (B sites). The A sites are shared between the Na+, Bi3+, and Ba2+ cations. The depicted positions of the Bi3+ cations are the space and time averages of their true disordered positions. See the text for details. The drawings of the atomic structure were generated using the program VESTA [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-proposed-model-for-the-thermal-evolution-of-the-2834hqnr.png FIG. 11. Proposed model for the thermal evolution of the nanostructure sketched in Fig. 2. The temperature-dependent shape of the tetragonal platelets and the tilt-free intermediate layers is shown in the insets. The graphical representation is the same as in Fig. 2. See the text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-scatter-plot-of-the-tetragonal-phase-fractions-and-1pap2mar.png FIG. 10. Scatter plot of the tetragonal phase fractions and tilt correlation lengths at all temperature points. The solid line is a linear fit to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-drawing-of-the-scattering-intensity-310rfdm5.png FIG. 4. Schematic drawing of the scattering intensity distribution in the l = 12 plane of reciprocal space at ambient temperature as known from diffuse x-ray scattering (selected features). R-type superlattice reflections (SRs) at 12 {ooo} positions and T -type SRs at 12 {ooe} stem from locally ordered tilt systems. Diffuse scattering streaks parallel toh and k are caused by planar stacking faults between nanoregions with uniform tilt. Neutron-scattering data were collected along k = 32 and l = 12 , as indicated by the dashed arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-dielectric-function-e-of-v6u2r8sw.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the dielectric function ε′ of unpoled NBT-3.6BT, measured at different frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 MHz. The frequency dispersion is clearly visible below approximately 500 K. The inset shows the derivative of ε′ with respect to temperature (smoothed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-dimensional-model-of-the-nanostructure-of-nbt-3-2ptydxq7.png FIG. 2. Two-dimensional model of the nanostructure of NBT-3.6BT at 310 K. Commensurate interfaces are drawn as thin lines, incommensurate interfaces as heavy lines. The first enlargement shows the distribution of tetragonal platelets (black) within the rhombohedral matrix phase [light red (gray)], separated by a cubic transition layer (white). A possible domain configuration in the rhombohedral region is also shown. The second enlargement shows the interface between the rhombohedral matrix and a tetragonal platelet on the atomic scale. See the text for further details. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-tool-geometry-and-rotational-speed-on-4asu4c2onk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-lap-mode-3m3i08yd.png Fig. 1. Schematic of lap mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-macro-cross-sections-of-friction-stir-weld-zone-3hp767na.png Fig. 9. a) Macro cross sections of friction stir weld zone under rotational speed 600 rpm Welded by T3 tool and b) back scattered SEM images showing interface voids on retreating side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-compositions-of-aluminum-alloys-312eydch.png Table 1. Chemical compositions of aluminum alloys https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-fracture-morphology-of-fracture-plane-using-a-t2-tool-3hcsumbc.png Fig. 13. Fracture morphology of fracture plane using (a). T2 tool and (b). T4 tool, under 600rpm rotational speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fracture-morphology-of-fracture-plane-using-t3-tool-1ub8zlxm.png Fig. 12. Fracture morphology of fracture plane using T3 tool and under 600rpm rotational speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hooking-heights-for-4-different-tools-vrfz9nr7.png Fig. 6. Hooking heights for 4 different tools. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fracture-from-different-regions-on-joints-kgaqd5hp.png Fig. 11. Fracture from different regions on joints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hooking-height-h-h-and-lower-plate-effective-thickness-60aqlinm.png Fig. 5. Hooking height (H.H) and lower plate effective thickness (ET) per mm for different tools and rotational speeds. Fig. 6. Hooking heights for 4 different tools. Fig. 7.Hooking slopes for 4 different tools. Fig.8. Optical micrographs showing a path of interface on retreating side of weld nugget (showing film like Flaws), a: by using T4 tool and under 600 rpm rotational speed, b: by using T1 tool and under 800 rpm rotational speed. Fig. 9. a) Macro cross sections of friction stir weld zone under rotational speed 600 rpm Welded by T3 tool and b) back scattered SEM images showing interface voids on retreating side. Fig. 10. Results of tensile tests by using 4 different tools and under (a). 600 rpm and (b). 800 rpm rotational speed. Fig. 11. Fracture from different regions on joints. Fig. 12. Fracture morphology of fracture plane using T3 tool and under 600rpm rotational speed. Fig. 13. Fracture morphology of fracture plane using (a). T2 tool and (b). T4 tool, under 600rpm rotational speed. Fig. 14.The EDX spectrum analysis of ‘A’ region in Fig. 13a. https://scispace.com/papers/informal-employment-in-poland-an-empirical-spatial-analysis-4ku30eayii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-parameters-linear-and-odds-ratio-for-394aoa04.png Table 4. Estimated parameters (linear and odds ratio) for logistic regression with BESAG random effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-analysis-of-the-share-of-informal-workers-3fexco32.png Figure 2. Spatial analysis of the share of informal workers between 2010 and 2014 (NUTS 3) based on polled samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-estimated-models-10dkymim.png Table 3. Comparison of the estimated models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-posterior-median-for-the-36q8rvl8.png Figure 3. Distribution of the posterior median for the spatial random effect (upper figure, on the natural scale) and the probability that the posterior median of the spatial random effect is grater than 0 (lower figure). Estimates based on the BYM model. Map presents NUTS 3 units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-direct-estimates-of-share-of-different-categories-of-1ao2lnjc.png Table 1. Direct estimates of share of different categories of participation in labour market in the last 12 months in Poland between 2010 and 2014 based on the BKL survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-direct-estimates-of-the-3sil5htk.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of direct estimates of the share of informal workers at NUTS 3 level between 2010 and 2014 based on the BKL survey https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-vibration-training-on-energy-expenditure-in-jyvs0d9qim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-sd-mean-difference-statistical-2a2oghjq.png TABLE 4. Mean values ( SD), mean difference, statistical significance, 95% confidence interval (CI), and effect size for the familiarization period.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-food-and-energy-composition-of-the-pre-exercise-19dil58y.png TABLE 3. Food and energy composition of the pre-exercise snack.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-body-composition-characteristics-of-the-3nopecsk.png TABLE 1. Physical and body composition characteristics of the subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-familiarization-training-and-testing-protocol-ry3cnbly.png TABLE 2. Familiarization training and testing protocol.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-perceived-exertion-mean-values-in-response-to-half-23gczert.png FIGURE 4. Perceived exertion mean values in response to half-squat with vibration (HSV) and half squat (HS) during each training set, and global perceived exertion at 5 minutes into recovery. * Indicates significant difference between HSV and HS groups (p 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heart-rate-mean-values-in-response-to-half-squat-29x9csjj.png FIGURE 3. Heart rate mean values in response to half-squat with vibration (HSV) and half squat (HS) during each training set and at 5 minutes into recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-size-and-mean-difference-values-for-energy-3eismtc6.png TABLE 5. Effect size and mean difference values for energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (PE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-energy-expenditure-for-half-squat-2s5wsnga.png FIGURE 1. Comparison of energy expenditure for half-squat with vibration (HSV) and half squat (HS) at 3 different time periods. *** Indicates significant difference between HSV and HS groups (p 0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/information-disclosure-in-evolving-information-systems-3h587esalg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-names-for-meta-object-types-mxcr3736.png Table 1: Names for meta object types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-hierarchy-of-models-23n1jjhp.png Figure 1: A hierarchy of models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-zoomed-in-on-squadron-1vpkw9r7.png Figure 7: Zoomed in on Squadron https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sample-fact-type-304qwgkf.png Figure 2: A sample fact type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-axiomatic-framework-13sxtlk0.png Figure 8: Axiomatic framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-names-of-implicit-fact-types-1vfhvzs3.png Figure 16: Names of implicit fact types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-information-structure-diagram-for-activity-pcrvudrp.png Figure 3: An information structure diagram for Activity Graphs https://scispace.com/papers/informational-externalities-and-settlements-in-mass-tort-3x1nfnlv3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-39wqg0ux.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4if1oi51.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-23vknk6p.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/ingaasp-photonic-crystal-nanocavities-with-a-fano-line-shape-1nyrz9jqy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-measured-b-fdtd-and-coupled-mode-theory-calculated-2yeqxfne.png Fig. 3 (a) Measured, (b) FDTD and coupled mode theory calculated transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal nanocavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-blue-line-and-simulated-red-line-transmission-2y2iex69.png Fig. 2 Measured (blue line) and simulated (red line) transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal nanocavity. The inset shows the magnetic field profile of the device at 1.553μm, as obtained from FDTD simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-the-fabricated-photonic-crystal-90oc2275.png Fig. 1 SEM images of the fabricated photonic crystal nanocavity. (a) H0 cavity and (b) waveguide with taper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-a-side-coupled-system-including-a-26ty5ytm.png Fig. 4 Schematic of a side-coupled system including a waveguide coupled to a cavity. Two partially reflecting elements are placed in the waveguide. https://scispace.com/papers/inhabitant-actions-and-summer-overheating-risk-in-london-4ouviniq3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-modelled-vs-monitored-indoor-3hyy97mw.png Table 9. Comparison of modelled vs. monitored indoor overheating rankings for a sub-set of surveyed dwellings (daytime living room dry bulb temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-combinations-of-modelled-dwelling-variants-3j74ua5c.png Table 4. Combinations of modelled dwelling variants https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-modelling-inputs-selected-as-independent-variables-hasqderk.png Table 5. Modelling inputs selected as independent variables in the multiple linear regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-modelled-vs-monitored-indoor-3i503rwh.png Table 8. Comparison of modelled vs. monitored indoor overheating rankings for all surveyed dwellings (daytime living room and night time bedroom dry bulb temperature) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-completion-rates-3689hcr4.png Table 1. Survey completion rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multiple-linear-regression-analysis-of-indoor-1np5pl0z.png Table 6. Multiple linear regression analysis of indoor overheating markers for the living room for the June-August period of the Design Summer Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-construction-age-and-built-form-characteristics-of-3kf8aszt.png Table 2. Construction age and built form characteristics of the modelled dwelling archetypes https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-multiple-linear-regression-analysis-of-indoor-61jppsnk.png Table 7. Multiple linear regression analysis of indoor overheating markers for the bedroom for the June-August period of the Design Summer Year https://scispace.com/papers/inhibition-of-plasmodium-berghei-liver-schizont-development-3gpcq0iol2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-reduction-o-f-interleukin-1-il-1-production-10jbyocm.png Figure I. Réduction o f interleukin-1 (IL-1) production capacity https://scispace.com/papers/inhaler-and-nebuliser-technique-for-people-with-a-learning-2nvr9trelx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-inhaler-technique-errors-15u26ysi.png Table 2: Common inhaler technique errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inhaler-technique-checklist-1jypxjd8.png Table 1: Inhaler Technique checklist https://scispace.com/papers/inhibition-of-apolipoprotein-e-related-neurotoxicity-by-3whle21auw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preparation-of-size-homogeneous-heparin-2va687qw.png FIGURE 1: Preparation of size homogeneous heparin oligosaccharides: (A) Gel permeation of heparin digest; (B) gel electrophoresis analysis of DP fractions. The standard mixture contains commercial heparin-derived tetra-, hexa-, octa-, and decasaccharides; (C) capillary electrophoresis analysis of DP4 fraction; (D) capillary electrophoresis analysis of DP8 fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sax-hplc-fractionation-of-sized-heparin-6wdntgl2.png FIGURE 2: SAX-HPLC fractionation of sized heparin oligosaccharides: (A) DP4 fraction; (B) DP6 fraction; (C) DP8 fraction; (D) DP10 fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structures-of-the-candidate-inhibitors-a-chemically-3aq7hcdw.png FIGURE 3: Structures of the candidate inhibitors. (A) Chemically modified heparins where the uronic acid residue is 90% iduronic acid and 10% glucuronic acid. Heparin R1 ) R3 ) SO3-, R2 ) H, Y ) 86% SO3-/14% Ac; oversulfated heparin R1 ) R2 ) R3 ) SO3-, Y ) 86% SO3-/14% Ac; de-O-sulfonated heparin R1 ) R2 ) R3 ) H, Y ) 86% SO3-/14% Ac; 2-O-desulfonated heparin R1 ) SO3-, R2 ) R3 ) H, Y ) 86% SO3-/14% Ac; 6-O-desulfonated heparin R1 ) R2 ) H, R3 ) SO3-, Y ) 86% SO3-/14% Ac;N-sulfonated heparin R1 ) R3 ) Y ) SO3-, R2 ) H; de-N-sulfonated heparin R1 ) R3 ) SO3-, R2 ) H, Y ) 86% H/14% Ac; and carboxyreduced heparin, R1 ) R3 ) SO3-, R2 ) H, Y ) 86% SO3-/14% Ac where the iduronic acid has been reduced to idose. Heparan sulfate where the uronic acid residue is 23% iduronic acid and 77% glucuronic acid, R) 90% H/10% SO3-, Y ) 16% SO3-/84% Ac. (B) Heparin-derived heparin oligosaccharides. Where the uronic acid residue closest to the reducing end is glucuronic acid and R) H: T1 (Tetra)m ) 0, n ) 1; H1 (Hexa)m ) 1, n ) 1; and O1 (Octa)m ) 2, n ) 1. Where the uronic acid residue closest to the reducing end is iduronic acid and R) SO3-: D2 (Di), m ) n ) 0; T2 (Tetra)m ) 1, n ) 0; H2 (Hexa)m ) 1, n ) 1; O2 (Octa)m ) 1, n ) 2; D10 (Deca),m ) 1, n ) 3; D12 (Dodeca),m ) 1, n ) 4; D14 (Tetradeca),m ) 1, n ) 5; and D16 (Hexadeca),m ) 1, n ) 6. Synthetic heparin pentasaccharide P5. (C) Dermatan sulfate where the uronic acid residue is 95% iduronic acid and 5% glucuronic acid and dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides: DS2 (Di)n ) 0; S4 (Tetra)n ) 1; DS6 (Hexa)n ) 2; and DS8 (Octa)n ) 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-vitro-neuron-death-assay-a-dissociated-1rwirj13.png FIGURE 4: In vitro neuron death assay: (A) Dissociated sympathetic neurons were cultured for 20 h and then exposed to vehicle alone; (B) apoE peptide; (C) oligosaccharide O2; or (D) apoE peptide+ O2. Surviving cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye that is only accumulated by living cells. The majority of neurons were killed by exposure to the peptide (B). The few remaining cells are primarily nonneuronal cells. O2 did not cause neuronal cell death (C) and protected against the neurotoxicity of the apoE peptide (D). All images were taken with a 4× objective. C and D are reproduced at approximately 2-fold greater magnification to demonstrate the integrity of neuronal morphology in the presence of the octasaccharide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-neurotoxicity-inhibition-of-heparin-3jl0rsn5.png FIGURE 5: Neurotoxicity inhibition of heparin oligosaccharides. The bar graph indicates the IC50 (micromolar) for inhibition of apoE peptide toxicity by a series of oligosaccharides. The most effective inhibitors are oligosaccharides with eight or more saccharide residues. https://scispace.com/papers/inhibition-of-amyloid-like-fibril-formation-of-trypsin-by-x5dig1qmer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-turbidity-changes-of-pms-trypsin-at-24-oc-in-60-v-v-2nxuki3i.png Figure 1. Turbidity changes of PMS-trypsin at 24 oC in 60% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM PBS (pH = 7.0), monitored via the absorption at 350 nm after incubation for 24 h in the presence of various red wines at 50-fold dilution. The protein concentration was 0.13 mg/mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetics-of-aggregation-of-pms-trypsin-without-red-34w5cp5p.png Figure 3. Kinetics of aggregation of PMS-trypsin without red wine (•) in 60% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM PBS (pH = 7.0), or in the presence of Merlot wine diluted 50- (∆), 1000- (○), or 4000-fold (x), monitored via the time-dependent increase of UV absorption at 350 nm, at 0.13 mg/mL protein concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inhibition-of-amyloid-like-fibril-formation-as-a-55bfh2rn.png Figure 2. Inhibition of amyloid-like fibril formation as a function of total phenolic content. Percentage of inhibition in 60% (v/v) ethanol (●), total phenolic content (○). Red wines were diluted 50- fold in 60% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM PBS (pH = 7.0). The protein concentration was 0.13 mg/mL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visible-absorption-spectra-of-pms-trypsin-stained-1cj3sct6.png Figure 4. Visible absorption spectra of PMS-trypsin stained with CR in 60% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM PBS (pH = 7.0): PMS-trypsin + CR (A, solid line), CR alone (A, dashed line), PMS-trypsin alone (A, dotted line) and difference spectra in 60% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM PBS (pH = 7.0) without red wine (B, solid line) or in the presence of Egri bikavér wine in 25- (B, dashed line) and 250-fold (B, dotted line) final dilution. Spectra were recorded at 3.9 µM and 57 µg/mL dye and protein concentrations, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ecd-spectra-of-pms-trypsin-in-60-v-v-ethanol-10-mm-1xkrom7k.png Figure 5. ECD spectra of PMS-trypsin in 60% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM PBS (pH = 7.0) in the absence (solid line, dashed line) and in the presence of 50-fold diluted Egri bikavér (dotted-dashed line, dotted line). The sample was set either in the middle of the sample compartment (solid line, dashed-dotted line), or next to the detector (dashed line, dotted line). PMS-trypsin concentration was 0.15 mg/mL. https://scispace.com/papers/inhibitors-for-novel-coronavirus-protease-identified-by-8pnpsj6y4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-input-structures-for-shape-screening-derived-from-7l94cxpg.png Figure 5: Input structures for shape screening derived from crystal structures and the PubChem database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-virtual-screening-workflow-and-binding-poses-of-top-23flmtvn.png Figure 2: Virtual screening workflow and binding poses of top two ligands. (A) Virtual screening workflow. (B) Binding pose of CP-1. (C) Binding pose of CP-2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-selection-of-compounds-compared-to-the-2fgq92kl.png Table 1: Final selection of compounds compared to the cocrystallized ligand and the highest scored natural compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pharmacokinetically-relevant-descriptors-of-the-2yo4ysmm.png Figure 3: Pharmacokinetically relevant descriptors of the compounds that were subjected to the Glide SP docking protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structures-of-our-final-selection-of-compounds-and-2cp2bu9o.png Figure 4: Structures of our final selection of compounds and the highest scored natural compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-overview-and-sequence-alignment-a-the-m05vj9jw.png Figure 1: Structural overview and sequence alignment. (A) The three domains (domain I in blue, domain II in grey, domain III in red) of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 are shown. Amino acid changes between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are indicated by asterisks. The cocrystallized ligand (PDB ID 6LU7) is presented in organe. (B) Surface topology of the binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID 6LU7). The location of Ser46 is indicated by an asterisk. (C) Surface topology of the binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-1 main protease (PDB ID 2A5I). (D) Sequence alignment of the proteases of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Mismatches are marked in blue. https://scispace.com/papers/inhibitory-effect-of-extracts-of-latex-of-calotropis-procera-29ecomsgdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-18eafdhi.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/inist-cnrs-in-nancy-france-a-model-of-efficiency-2kydlbfhkr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inist-journal-collections-by-broad-subject-field-20wxj4pf.png Figure 1 INIST journal collections, by broad subject field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-documents-supplied-by-cnrs-1970-2002-ezg9x3yx.png Figure 2 Documents supplied by CNRS 1970-2002 https://scispace.com/papers/initial-coin-offerings-icos-the-importance-of-human-capital-30ikxtjuu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3ih02tm3.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-qdv967f5.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13aaaz8r.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-17bkdznn.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/initial-end-to-end-performance-evaluation-of-10-gigabit-4a1des1euf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-peak-performance-other-mtus-3h5ea3fm.png Figure 6. Peak Performance, Other MTUs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-peak-performance-standard-mtus-1dx71zgv.png Figure 5. Peak Performance, Standard MTUs https://scispace.com/papers/initiation-and-detonation-physics-on-millimeter-scales-34hb6hx6j2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-shows-the-lowest-4-dimensions-that-were-part-3tyuzhbz.png Table 1. Table shows the lowest 4 dimensions that were part of the experiment series. Constant detonation velocity could not be maintained with ufTATB on part diameters below 0.125” (3.18mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-test-shots-of-lx-16-rate-sticks-showing-the-1wtyxpfr.png Figure 5. Three test-shots of LX-16 rate sticks showing the raw position vs. time data. These data are for 0.280 mm, 0.318 mm, and 0.365 mm diameter rate sticks. Timing marks on the left of each record are at 250ns intervals. The time direction is downward. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-graph-shows-two-0-125-3-18-mm-uftatb-rate-2g8t7z7r.png Figure 4. This graph shows two 0.125” (3.18 mm) ufTATB rate stick shots. Both of these shots seem to indicate a sustained detonation velocity of approximately 6.65 mm/us over the entire length of the rate stick. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-0-125-inch-3-18-mm-diameter-uftatb-pellets-with-the-9r4omi0l.png Figure 3. 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) diameter ufTATB pellets with the doubled Nd:YAG illumination laser shining against the stack. This was the smallest diameter tested where detonation maintained consistent speed up the entire length of the rate stick. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-0-280-mm-lx-16-density-at-1-701-g-cc-with-a-1-mm-333krzkc.png Figure 6. 0.280 mm LX-16, density at 1.701 g/cc with a 1 mm deep water well over the pedestal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-system-used-to-collect-explosive-1cwlti74.png Figure 1. Diagram of the system used to collect explosive rate stick data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-graph-on-the-left-indicates-failure-diameter-ii2ouoe8.png Figure 7. The graph on the left indicates failure diameter for LX-16 to be somewhere between 0.318mm and 0.365mm. The table on the right shows all the LX-16 rate-stick shots. The two rows highlighted in red indicate the dimension where detonation extinguishes (0.318mm) in LX-16. Numbers followed by an asterisk indicate pedestal detonation product velocity – not actual LX-16 detonation velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-190-um-diameter-high-explosive-rate-stick-geometry-3ftrq7h0.png Figure 2. 190 µm diameter high explosive rate stick geometry (left). Laser illuminated rate stick (right) prior to test firing. https://scispace.com/papers/initial-upper-palaeolithic-homo-sapiens-from-bacho-kiro-cave-530ngzn95o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-parsimony-tree-maximum-parsimony-tree-relating-wl9vadcr.png Fig. 2 | Maximum parsimony tree. Maximum parsimony tree relating Bacho Kiro Cave mtDNAs to 54 present-day humans, 12 ancient H. sapiens, 22 Neanderthals, 4 Denisovans and 1 individual from Sima de los Huesos. The insert shows the part of the tree closest to the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-animal-bone-tools-and-personal-ornaments-from-bacho-2dcs7p3j.png Fig. 3 | Animal bone tools and personal ornaments from Bacho Kiro Cave layers I and J (Niche 1 and Main sectors). a–j, Pendants made from perforated and grooved teeth (a, ungulate; b–j, cave bear). k, l, o, Awls. m, Anthropogenically modified piece. n, p, Lissoirs. q, ivory bead. Further details are provided in Supplementary Table 15. Scale bars, 1 cm (a–o, q), 3 cm (p) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-jfwdj44o.png Table 9). https://scispace.com/papers/innovate-to-survive-the-effect-of-technology-competition-on-1766hz7l0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-technology-related-and-ordinary-bankruptcy-costs-9v1i0qtk.png Figure 4. Technology-Related and Ordinary Bankruptcy Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-relation-between-the-change-in-number-1n5m36nw.png Figure 5. Time Series Relation between the Change in Number of Patents and Future Bankruptcy Frequency in Technology-Intensive Industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-firm-1s-innovation-ability-and-leverage-24m9fh4d.png Figure 1. Effects of Firm 1’s Innovation Ability and Leverage on its Bankruptcy Risk The figure shows the probability of Firm 1 to go bankrupt, }])(1[){( 21 iiiii DKAAKACP , for different values of its probability to innovate, 1P , and its leverage, 1D . The remaining parameter values are set to: 11 K , 5.01 C , 5.0 , 1 , 1 , and 5.021 PP . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predictive-effects-of-patent-based-and-other-2em7kng3.png Figure 6. Predictive Effects of Patent-Based and Other Measures on the Probability of Bankruptcy in Technology-Intensive Industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-aggregate-innovation-and-leverage-on-1dxpvts5.png Figure 2. Effects of Aggregate Innovation and Leverage on Firm 1’s Bankruptcy Risk The figure shows the probability of Firm 1 to go bankrupt, }])(1[){( 21 iiiii DKAAKACP , for different values of the probability of aggregate innovation, 21 PP (where the two firms have the same probability to innovate), and its leverage, 1D . The remaining parameter values are set to: 11 K , 5.01 C , 5.0 , 1 , and 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-technology-intensive-industries-3fps6dr5.png Table I. Technology-Intensive Industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-aggregate-innovation-and-economy-state-fbl1h1mn.png Figure 3. Effects of Aggregate Innovation and Economy State on Firm 1’s Bankruptcy Risk The figure shows the probability of Firm 1 to go bankrupt, }])(1[){( 21 iiiii DKAAKACP , for different values of the probability of aggregate innovation, 21 PP (where the two firms have the same probability to innovate), and the expected state of the economy, . The remaining parameter values are set to: 11 K , 11 D , 5.01 C , 5.0 , and 1 . https://scispace.com/papers/innovating-pulsed-electrophoretic-deposition-of-boehmite-2fu94g7dho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-feg-semcross-sectional-views-of-themodel-porous-1fffs0qw.png Fig. 5. FEG-SEMcross-sectional views of themodel porous anodicfilmafter dip-coating (a) top and d) bottomof thepores), after constant EPD (b) top and e) bottomof the pores) and after pulsed EPD (c) top and f) bottom of the pores). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xrd-spectra-of-a-the-bare-anodic-film-b-after-dip-3mpp9txd.png Fig. 6. XRD spectra of a) the bare anodic film, b) after dip-coating, c) after direct EPD, d) after pulsed EDP, e) after pulsed EPD followed by hydrothermal post-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-density-changes-during-a-constant-3417rupm.png Fig. 7.Current density changes during a constant electrophoretic deposition (3 V, 5min) of boehmite particles on/in the model anodic porous film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-feg-sem-cross-sectional-a-global-view-and-b-3qxrhvgw.png Fig. 11. FEG-SEM cross-sectional (a) global view and (b) bottomview (with the contour of the deposit highlighted in yellow) of the model porous anodic film after pulsed EPD. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variations-of-impedance-modulus-bode-plot-with-applied-29c7xjzz.png Fig. 8. Variations of impedance modulus (Bode plot) with applied potential, for the bare model porous anodic film immersed in boehmite dispersion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-threshold-potential-of-barrier-layer-according-to-the-m5jmnyi3.png Fig. 10. Threshold potential of barrier layer according to the boehmite suspension conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-barrier-layer-resistance-according-to-the-potential-17bcqy2v.png Fig. 9. Barrier layer resistance according to the potential applied during the EIS measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-values-of-different-electric-elements-1if43ekv.png Table 1 Experimental values of different electric elements of the equivalent electric circuit obtained by fitting of the EIS experimental curves. https://scispace.com/papers/innovation-in-the-undergraduate-microelectronics-programmes-2ilh5ioidv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-combination-of-the-layouts-produced-by-16-second-year-3hz66ogd.png Fig. 3. Combination of the layouts produced by 16 second-year D2 design exercise groups into a single IC and its packaging. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-d4-projects-and-the-micro-arcana-development-3o03g8a1.png Fig. 2. Example D4 projects and the Micro Arcana development boards for AVR microprocessor (red), CPLD (green), FPGA (blue) and ARM microprocessor (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-electronic-engineering-el-electrical-27m7z7i9.png Fig. 1. Structure of the Electronic Engineering (EL), Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), Electrical Engineering (EE) and Electromechanical Engineering (EM) programmes at ECS. https://scispace.com/papers/innovation-r-d-investment-and-productivity-uruguayan-4y8spsdezl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-comparison-of-econometric-results-2mmjdeva.png Table 13. Comparison of Econometric Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-innovation-propensity-and-innovation-intensity-3cke49s5.png Table B.1 Innovation Propensity and Innovation Intensity Equations https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-list-and-definition-of-independent-variables-2xctdgat.png Table A.2. List and Definition of Independent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-firms-by-innovative-input-according-2ycui2lv.png Table 6. Distribution of Firms by Innovative Input According to Economic Sector 1998-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-innovation-input-mix-by-type-of-innovation-output-3h5b77ny.png Table 7. Innovation Input Mix by Type of Innovation Output and Firm Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-firms-by-innovative-behavior-and-240okxq8.png Table 3. Distribution of Firms by Innovative Behavior and Output According to Size 1998-2006 (number and percentage firms) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-obstacles-goals-and-links-with-nis-agents-by-size-3p29467e.png Table 8. Obstacles, Goals and Links with NIS Agents by Size, 1998-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-innovative-firms-by-size-and-relevance-of-innovation-1rrdsg1f.png Table 4. Innovative Firms by Size and Relevance of Innovation Output 2000-2006 https://scispace.com/papers/innovative-aspects-of-teaching-foreign-students-to-read-in-4i79j4pt9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-total-number-of-foreign-students-who-studied-1sg1rixa.png Table 2. The total number of foreign students who studied reading in English remotely at the Kyiv National Linguistic University over the past three years https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-use-of-certain-technical-innovations-in-distance-wvt22iiq.png Table 1. The use of certain technical innovations in distance learning of foreign students to read in English https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-total-number-of-students-who-received-distance-1j1g2vu1.png Figure 1. The total number of students who received distance education courses in reading in English at universities of Ukraine, Belgium and Germany in 2019 https://scispace.com/papers/input-parameters-for-the-simulation-of-silicon-solar-cells-3610nv3ogm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-continued-3fs89fap.png TABLE VII (CONTINUED) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-excerpt-of-table-4-2-58-3vhmiy37.png TABLE IX EXCERPT OF [TABLE 4.2, 58] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-input-parameter-set-for-the-perc-cell-qw9jqe67.png TABLE III (CONTINUED) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-continued-los2szsv.png TABLE III (CONTINUED) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-continued-hfrkpomu.png TABLE IV (CONTINUED) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-current-loss-breakdown-at-maximum-power-point-2i3ydgm3.png Fig. 4. Current loss breakdown at maximum power point, categorized into output current Jmpp , recombination losses (left legend), and optical losses (right legend). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resistive-power-loss-breakdown-at-maximum-power-point-j2rtyu1s.png Fig. 5. Resistive power loss breakdown at maximum power point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-external-quantum-efficiencies-of-the-different-cell-1aw9e8t6.png Fig. 3. External quantum efficiencies of the different cell types produced by Quokka simulations using the input parameters sets from this work; note that busbar shading is included. https://scispace.com/papers/insect-visitation-and-pollen-deposition-in-an-invaded-10m08glo2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-visitation-by-pollinator-taxa-to-native-om2v10vx.png Fig. 1 – Cumulative visitation by pollinator taxa to native species and Euphorbia. (a) Visitation by all taxa in 2000–2001; (b) visitation by halictid bees in 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-results-for-visitation-by-insects-to-linum-1uckqi05.png Table 1 – ANOVA results for visitation by insects to Linum lewisii, Campanula rotundifolia, Oxytropis lambertii and Euphorbia esula in 2000–2001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pollen-counts-for-stigmas-collected-from-calylophus-vv119881.png Fig. 3 – Pollen counts for stigmas collected from Calylophus, Campanula, Linum, Oxytropis, Sphaeralcea and Vicia in 2001. Shown are least square means of transformed (ln(n + 1)) counts; proportions were square-root transformed. (a) Conspecific pollen; (b) Euphorbia pollen; (c) number of pollen species; (d) proportion of heterospecific pollen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-anova-results-for-counts-of-pollen-on-stigmas-of-3qf1wy2n.png Table 5 – ANOVA results for counts of pollen on stigmas of Calylophus serrulatus, Campanula rotundifolia, Linum lewisii, Oxytropis lambertii, Sphaeralcea coccinea and Vicia americana in 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-results-for-visitation-by-halictid-bees-to-2zmfzr0i.png Table 2 – ANOVA results for visitation by halictid bees to Linum lewisii, Campanula rotundifolia, Oxytropis lambertii and Euphorbia esula in 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pollen-counts-for-stigmas-collected-from-linum-lewisii-177m2ecr.png Fig. 2 – Pollen counts for stigmas collected from Linum lewisii and Oxytropis lambertii in 2000 and 2001. Shown are least square means of transformed (ln(n + 1)) counts; proportions were square-root transformed. (a) Conspecific pollen; (b) Euphorbia pollen; (c) number of pollen species; (d) proportion of heterospecific pollen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anova-results-for-pollen-counts-on-stigmas-of-linum-1dq63rwi.png Table 4 – ANOVA results for pollen counts on stigmas of Linum lewisii and Oxytropis lambertii (listed as ‘‘Stigma species’’) in 2000 and 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-infestation-and-native-species-from-which-1szo0vhc.png Table 3 – Effects of infestation and native species from which the stigma was collected (stigma species) on pollen deposition on native stigmas https://scispace.com/papers/insight-into-naturally-charged-highly-oxidized-molecules-1p2zvdt2vi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mass-defect-plot-of-negative-ambient-ions-observed-30165sw3.png Figure 3. Mass defect plot of negative ambient ions observed during the night-time on 13 March 2012. The four bands represent the HOMs containing approximately 10, 20, 30 and 40 carbon atoms (four α-pinene units). The majority of the HOMs have NO−3 as the core ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-naturally-charged-homs-detected-by-the-api-tof-1m3kzi7x.png Figure 4. Naturally charged HOMs detected by the APi-TOF during daytime of 20 April 2013. In (a) we report the ambient ions that contain HOMs clustered ether with NO−3 (green) or HSO − 4 (orange), while in (b) we show ambient ions that contain ONs clustered ether with NO − 3 (blue) or HSO−4 (orange). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-averaged-diurnal-evolution-of-specific-ion-families-2aky502h.png Figure 5. Averaged diurnal evolution of specific ion families (a) and neutral compounds (b) during days in clear sky conditions of measurements done in spring 2013. Colours and their corresponding families are denoted in the legends. Note that, in (a), the signal of the nitric acid clusters (blue dotted line) have been multiplied by 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-of-negative-sulfuric-acid-ion-clusters-2fgx2r6t.png Figure 6. Correlation of negative sulfuric acid ion clusters ((H2SO4)0−2HSO − 4 ) and the concentration of sulfuric acid, colour coded by the time of the day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-diurnal-dependency-of-ambient-ions-detected-by-2uus74aa.png Figure 7. The diurnal dependency of ambient ions detected by the APi-TOF. The data points are hourly averages for 5 sunny days during April–May 2013. The colour scale is normalised to show the period between midnight and midday, so that the transition between blue to green is around 06:00 and 18:00 LT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-averaged-mass-spectra-of-10-days-clear-sky-1jkli8jo.png Figure 1. Averaged mass spectra of 10 days (clear sky conditions) of measurements during April and May 2013. The y axes represent the peak intensity in counts per second. Note that the intensities of the measured ions (APi-TOF) are an order of magnitude lower than the one detected after being ionised in the CI unit. Panels (a, b) show respectively negative ions (APi-TOF) and neutral clusters (CI-APi-TOF) during the day (09:00–13:00 LT). Panels (c, d) show respectively negative and neutral clusters during the night (23:00–03:00 LT). Odd masses have been colour coded in blue and even masses in red. The two black arrows in (b) and (d) show the area of the spectrum where the signal has been multiplied by 4 (done only for the CI-APi-TOF). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-defect-plots-for-the-neutral-clusters-and-32a7vsqr.png Figure 2. Mass defect plots for the neutral clusters and negative ions during 20 April 2013. Panels (a, b) show the night-time chemical composition of the negative and neutral clusters respectively. Panels (c, d) show the chemical composition during the day of the negative and neutral clusters respectively. The size of the circle represents the area of the peaks and is proportional to the detected amount. All four plots show the clusters/ligands as seen by the detector, therefore including the ligand (NO−3 ) in the case of the neutral molecules. The compounds are coloured according to their chemical composition. Open circles represent the unidentified compounds, while the black dots represent other identified peaks such as small organic acids. The violet line underlines the most oxidised HOMs detected by CI-APi-TOF as clusters with NO−3 ions. It is very likely that most of the unidentified negative ions that are placed below the line are HOM clusters with HSO − 4 ions or H2SO4HSO − 4 acid clusters. https://scispace.com/papers/insights-from-anticipatory-prices-1zxvk5jqa3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ols-regression-results-of-equation-1-with-and-4jac8nv9.png Table 1. OLS Regression Results of Equation 1 with and without Year Interactions, 1995 – 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dec-futures-price-forecasts-actual-prices-and-their-2n0m2yob.png Table 4. Dec. Futures Price Forecasts, Actual Prices and their Differences, cents per bushel https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regression-results-of-full-and-restricted-models-2du3bay2.png Table 3. OLS Regression Results of Full and Restricted Models for subsample 2013-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-actual-and-estimated-december-2015-futures-prices-10wwc7ul.png Figure 5. Actual and Estimated December 2015 Futures Prices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dec-futures-price-and-their-forecasts-for-2015-cents-cp49jcp4.png Table 5. Dec. Futures Price and their Forecasts for 2015, cents per bushel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-december-futures-and-corn-supply-expectations-2006-1zmtcgww.png Figure 4. December Futures and Corn Supply Expectations (2006-2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weighted-national-annual-average-farm-price-of-corn-18z9mwnz.png Figure 1. Weighted National Annual Average Farm Price of Corn, U.S., 1960-61 – 2014-15 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ols-regression-results-on-may-december-futures-price-36uswjyi.png Table 6. OLS Regression Results on May-December Futures Price Differences for 2006-2014. https://scispace.com/papers/insights-from-principal-component-analysis-applied-to-py-3wjzg29325 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-27fviseh.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3r5sqmqg.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-xpzj0m0o.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-39tlj453.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-15vupl0u.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3d7iouar.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2c2p43tj.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-21w64jqo.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/papers/insights-in-costing-of-continuous-broadband-internet-on-37etjjs9nr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stepwise-overview-of-input-gathering-dimensioning-cost-2twi5xa8.png Fig. 1. Stepwise overview of input gathering, dimensioning, cost assignment and cost allocation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-list-of-services-to-be-offered-on-the-train-line-2g9rjuk2.png Fig. 3. List of services to be offered on the train line Oostende-Eupen completed with technical specifications. The demand per service will drive the dimensioning- and cost allocation process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-activity-based-costing-statement-for-the-considered-23qzugqu.png Fig. 4. Activity based costing statement for the considered case. Part I and Part II of this statement together form a ABC costing statement. The proposed services are passenger Internet, infotainment and a VoD service on the train line Oostende-Eupen. The service is rolled out on 8 different trains and each train is composed of a single locomotive, 11 passenger cars and 1 cab car. In part I the total annual cost is obtained. In part II the costs are allocated to specific services based on their activity consumption. Both the cost of resource consumption of a service and cost of unused capacity are obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-passenger-data-service-flow-is-depicted-by-a-9olsq3ya.png Fig. 2. A typical passenger data service flow is depicted by a dotted line, an operational data service flow in a solid line. The transparent envelope symbolizes the hiding of the Train-Integrator tunnels from the outside. There are three types of network operators that can be used to obtain the wireless link: a satellite operator, an existing mobile network operator and deploying and operating a dedicated wireless network. This architecture will be used in section VI in which the network devices will be dimensioned to construct the bill of material. https://scispace.com/papers/insights-into-the-bacterial-profiles-and-resistome-3x74ura9rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bacterial-taxonomic-distribution-of-flooded-sites-2ztwack7.png Figure 1. Bacterial taxonomic distribution of flooded sites. Sunburst plot showing the taxonomic classification and relative abundance of bacterial species in flooded sites. The taxonomic phylum is represented in the innermost ring, class in the middle, and genus are represented in the outermost ring of the circle. Within each taxonomic classification, taxa are sorted according to its abundance. A red * symbol represents the multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria present in flooded sites. See Table S1 for the full list of bacterial taxa found in flooded sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bacterial-taxonomic-distribution-of-flooded-sites-3v6esayr.png Figure 1. Bacterial taxonomic distribution of flooded sites. Sunburst plot showing the taxonomic classification and relative abundance of bacterial species in flooded sites. The taxonomic phylum is represented in the innermost ring, class in the middle, and genus are represented in the outermost ring of the circle. Within each taxonomic classification, taxa are sorted according to its abundance. A red * symbol represents the multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria present in flooded sites. See Table S1 for the full list of bacterial taxa found in flooded sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-map-showing-flooded-regions-and-sampling-sites-of-37y5knjw.png Figure 4. Map showing flooded regions and sampling sites of state Kerala, India. The intensity of the red colour indicates the level of flood severity in fourteen districts of Kerala during August 2018. Triplicate samples were collected from each site during August 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-vitro-evaluation-of-antimicrobial-resistance-of-1mjcdmjc.png Figure 3. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacterial species isolated from flooded sites (August 2018). The culture plates showing pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi/typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae) streaked on selective/differential agar media (HiCromeTM Klebsiella selective agar base, Cetrimide agar base, Wilson Blair agar with brilliant green (w/BG), Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salt sucrose (TCBS) agar, respectively) containing different antibiotics such as Amp: Ampicillin (100 µg/mL), Kan: Kanamycin (50 µg/mL), Chl: Chloramphenicol (25 µg/mL), Tet: Tetracycline (10 µg/mL), and incubated at 37 ◦C for 1–3 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-vitro-evaluation-of-antimicrobial-resistance-of-2l8pokyo.png Figure 3. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacterial species isolated from flooded sites (August 2018). The culture plates showing pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi/typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae) streaked on selective/differential agar media (HiCromeTM Klebsiella selective agar base, Cetrimide agar base, Wilson Blair agar with brilliant green (w/BG), Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salt sucrose (TCBS) agar, respectively) containing different antibiotics such as Amp: Ampicillin (100 µg/mL), Kan: Kanamycin (50 µg/mL), Chl: Chloramphenicol (25 µg/mL), Tet: Tetracycline (10 µg/mL), and incubated at 37 ◦C for 1–3 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resistome-of-the-flooded-sites-hord-diagra-sho-ing-1y6hrim0.png Figure 2. Resistome of the flooded sites. hord diagra sho ing the presence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) detected in flooded sites. s in flooded sites were classified into 6 major drug classes. The coloured edges represent the proportion of ARGs of different drug classes detected in flo ded sites. AR s conferring resistance to aminocoumarin, sulfonamide, mupirocin, rifampicin, triclosan, glycopeptide and diaminopyrimidine classes of antibiotics are represent d as others category. Red bl cks in icate plasmid- ncoded ARGs. A complete list of antibiotic resistance g nes and their charact ristics re listed in Table S4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resistome-of-the-flooded-sites-chord-diagram-1554f7da.png Figure 2. Resistome of the flooded sites. hord diagra sho ing the presence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) detected in flooded sites. s in flooded sites were classified into 6 major drug classes. The coloured edges represent the proportion of ARGs of different drug classes detected in flo ded sites. AR s conferring resistance to aminocoumarin, sulfonamide, mupirocin, rifampicin, triclosan, glycopeptide and diaminopyrimidine classes of antibiotics are represent d as others category. Red bl cks in icate plasmid- ncoded ARGs. A complete list of antibiotic resistance g nes and their charact ristics re listed in Table S4. https://scispace.com/papers/insights-into-the-formation-of-inorganic-heterocycles-via-43fhowjqo6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-molecular-structures-of-a-1357-s4-nme-4-33a-and-14-s4-128e684a.png Fig. 4 Molecular structures of (a) 1,3,5,7-S4(NMe)4 33a and 1,4-S4(NR)2 (R = Et, Bz).33b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-molecular-structures-of-cl-n-tbu-se-ncl-a-12-n-136-b-138gl7eu.png Fig. 5 Molecular structures of Cl[N(tBu)Se]nCl (a) 12, n = 1,36 (b) 13, n = 2,36 (c) 14, n = 3.37 The van der Waals radius of selenium is indicated as transparent spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reaction-profile-of-the-cyclodimerisation-of-tbun-se-2llvx1n2.png Fig. 8. Reaction profile of the cyclodimerisation of tBuN=Se=NtBu indicating energies and the changes in inter- and intra-molecular selenium-nitrogen bond lengths that occur during the monomer-dimer transformation.37 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-molecular-structures-of-a-pdcl2-se-se-se4-ntbu-3-and-b-6gblh4iu.png Fig. 9 Molecular structures of (a) [PdCl2{Se,Se’-Se4(NtBu)3] and (b) [PdCl2{Se,Se’Se4(NtBu)4].41 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-structure-of-dmp-n-h-sbcl-dmp-n-sbcl2-5sb-20-3a4gvt3q.png Fig. 1 Molecular structure of (Dmp)N(H)SbCl[-(Dmp)N]SbCl2 (5Sb).20 The van der Waals radii of antimony and nitrogen are indicated as transparent spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-molecular-structure-of-sb12-n-2-meo-c6h4-18-25b-the-vgjtlx5h.png Fig. 3 Molecular structure of [Sb12{N(2-MeO)C6H4}18].25b The van der Waals radii of antimony and nitrogen are indicated as transparent spheres. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molecular-structure-of-cis-clp-m-net-3-24-h1rh1dps.png Fig. 2 Molecular structure of cis-[ClP(μ-NEt)]3.24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energetics-for-reactions-of-chalcogen-dihalides-ecl2-e-3tz4limv.png Fig. 6 Energetics for reactions of chalcogen dihalides ECl2 (E = S, Se) with tBuNH2 (see Scheme 7).37,38 https://scispace.com/papers/insomnia-characteristics-and-clinical-correlates-in-11awbbygtw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-presented-as-medians-interquartile-range-post-1i81zhet.png Table 4 Data presented as medians (interquartile range). Post hoc significance levels are labeled as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-represented-as-frequency-post-hoc-significance-j0nbhte6.png Table 3 Data represented as frequency (%). Post hoc significance levels are labeled as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-data-represented-as-medians-interquartile-range-post-bia363wy.png Table 5 Data represented as medians (interquartile range). Post hoc significance levels are labeled as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-presented-as-means-sd-or-frequency-as-2y1yrxeq.png Table 1 Data presented as means ± SD⁄ or frequency (%), as appropriate. Post hoc significance levels are labeled as follows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-presented-as-medians-interquartile-range-post-50gwkuqp.png Table 2 Data presented as medians (interquartile range). Post hoc significance levels are labeled as follows: https://scispace.com/papers/instabilities-and-waves-on-a-columnar-vortex-in-a-strongly-1hzb8y4px3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-similar-to-fig-1-but-for-m-2-a-frequency-or-and-b-2bi9t1aj.png FIG. 4. Similar to Fig. 1 but for m = 2, (a) frequency ωr and (b) growth rate ωi for m = 2 for the first branch (solid lines) and the second branch (dashed lines) for f/ = [0, 0.04, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2]. f/ increases in the direction of the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-frequency-and-b-growth-rate-of-the-first-two-3bkw6m9u.png FIG. 14. (a) Frequency and (b) growth rate of the first two branches for m = 1 for f/ = −0.4. Solid lines are numerical results and symbols are asymptotic results as follows: (×) Eq. (29) and ( ) Eq. (43). The thick dashed line in (b) represents the maximum growth rate at k̃ → ∞. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-examples-of-the-stokes-lines-heavy-solid-lines-gwiyt96v.png FIG. 15. Examples of the Stokes lines (heavy solid lines) network for m = 1 and kR /N = 10 for f/ = −0.1 and ω/ = 0.412 + 0.140i. The dashed line and the symbols ◦ and • represent the real r-axis, the turning points rt1, rt2 and the point r̃t1 where the Stokes line emitted from rt1 meets the real r-axis, respectively. The zigzag lines show the branch cut. The short lines indicate the direction of the vectors (I m( √ ), Re( √ )) which are parallel to the Stokes lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-rescaled-frequency-or-m-and-b-growth-rate-oi-of-the-oe7rejfv.png FIG. 5. (a) Rescaled frequency ωr/ − m and (b) growth rate ωi of the first branch as a function of rescaled vertical wavenumber kR /(Nm) for m = [1, 2, 3, 10, 20] and for f/ = 0 (solid lines) and f/ = 0.2 (dashed lines). Bold lines have been obtained from the large m asymptotic equation (14). m increases in the direction of the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-maximum-growth-rate-as-a-function-of-the-coriolis-2u76y1ct.png FIG. 6. Maximum growth rate as a function of the Coriolis parameter for different azimuthal wavenumbers. Thin and thick solid lines represent numerical results for m = [1, 2, 3, 10, 20] and asymptotic results for m ≫ 1, respectively. m increases in the direction of the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-growth-rate-of-a-the-first-branch-and-b-the-second-1jpig7u4.png FIG. 12. Growth rate of (a) the first branch and (b) the second branch for m = 1 for f/ = [0, −0.005, −0.01, −0.015]. Solid and dotted lines represent numerical and asymptotic results using the formula (29) and (37), respectively. f decreases from zero in the direction of the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-maximum-growth-rate-of-the-radiative-instability-and-21c2xc0s.png FIG. 13. Maximum growth rate of the radiative instability and the centrifugal instability as a function of the Rossby number Ro= 2 /f. Solid lines are numerical results of the maximum growth rate of the radiative instability and bold lines are maximum growth rates obtained from (14) for the radiative instability and from (39) for the centrifugal instability, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-a-frequency-and-b-growth-rate-of-the-first-two-1sdbpobs.png FIG. 19. (a) Frequency and (b) growth rate of the first two branches for m = 0 as a function of the rescaled vertical wavenumber kR /N for f/ = −0.4 (solid lines), f/ = −2 (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/papers/instabilities-during-the-growth-of-dust-successive-1ylephgvnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-a-column-and-b-line-profiles-of-the-3cpq85m5.png FIG. 11: (Color online) (a) Column and (b) line profiles of the plasma glow during the SGI, the superimposed yellow curve is the time evolution of the integrated value of the column (line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-evolution-of-the-sgi-frequencies-for-2xvg4d2u.png FIG. 12: (Color online) Evolution of the SGI frequencies for different (a) injected powers and (b) silane flow rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-v4vq57py.png FIG. 1: (Color online) Sketch of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-typical-frame-extracted-from-a-movie-3ontua7p.png FIG. 10: (Color online) Typical frame extracted from a movie. Blue stands for low intensity, and red for high intensity. The zero of the y-axis is at the top. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-time-evolution-of-the-third-harmonic-of-1989g9pp.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Time-evolution of the third harmonic of the discharge current amplitude during dust particle growth in an argon-silane plasma for different time-scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-time-evolution-of-3h-alternative-3ma7e8tj.png FIG. 5: (Color online) Time evolution of 3H (alternative component) at SGI beginning. Insert: zoom on the 5 first seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-spectrogram-of-the-sgi-beginning-ij4o89kz.png FIG. 6: (Color online) Spectrogram of the SGI beginning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-modulation-of-3h-during-the-sgi-3g8bdzjb.png FIG. 7: (Color online) Modulation of 3H during the SGI. https://scispace.com/papers/instabilities-leading-to-vortex-lattice-formation-in-19vyi78hyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-dynamics-under-a-continuous-increase-of-391el9vs.png FIG. 2. Color online Dynamics under a continuous increase of at a rate of d /dt=10−4 for I ripple instability / https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-velocity-field-amplitude-of-the-2nbraqs6.png FIG. 1. Color online a Velocity field amplitude of the stationary solutions of Eq. 5 versus rotation frequency for =0 solid line , 0.02 dotted line , and 0.1 dashed line . Regions of dynamical instability for =0.02 and 0.1 are shown circles . b Phase diagram of versus . Plotted are the bifurcation point bif solid line from Eq. 5 , the onset of dynamical instability ins from Eq. 6 dashed line , and experimental data of Hodby et al. 3 circles . Simulations of Eqs. 1 and 2 with =10 show the critical ellipticities beyond which the condensate deviates from an elliptical shape cr dev crosses and beyond which lattice formation ultimately occurs cr inst points with error bars . The bifurcation point for =0 dotted line and the crossing frequency X dot-dashed line at which bif = ins are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/instability-of-liquid-cu-films-on-a-sio2-substrate-57a80zkq32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-evolution-of-the-characteristic-spacing-of-the-285ab28k.png Figure 6. (a) Evolution of the characteristic spacing of the patterns, max for the experimental images shown in Figure 1. The horizontal axis indicates the numbering of the stage. (b) Average distance between holes ( holes) at the developed early stage and drops ( drops) at the f inal stage for different film thickness, h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-various-regions-of-an-8-0-nm-thick-cu-12o7sf6b.png Figure 1. SEM images of various regions of an 8.0-nm thick Cu film on a SiO2 substrate. The position of each picture with respect to the center of the laser beam decreases from (a) to (d), and thus the corresponding liquid lifetime increases. Picture (e) is also central as (d), but the film has been irradiated with an extra pulse, and therefore it corresponds to the largest lifetime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fitting-of-holes-symbols-with-lm-for-h-0-1-nm-the-dqbxqqsb.png Figure 8. Fitting of holes (symbols) with λm for h* = 0.1 nm. The exponents (3,2) (solid line) yield A = 2.58 × 10−18 J, while (4,3) (dashed line) and (9,3) (dotted line) are unable to fit the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fitting-of-holes-symbols-with-lm-for-h-0-1-nm-both-2yw5vb7j.png Figure 7. Fitting of holes (symbols) with λm for h* = 0.1 nm. Both exponents (9,3) (dotted line) and (4,3) (dashed line) yield A = 1.36 × 10−16 J. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-hamaker-constant-a-versus-h-from-the-fitting-of-b0axpiw8.png Figure 9. (a) Hamaker constant, A, versus h* from the fitting of holes with λm. The solid line shows an average linear relationship. (b) Contact angle, θ, versus h* for (3,2). The symbol on the curve corresponds to the predicted contact angle for h* = 0.1 nm (θ = 72.8°). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-measurement-of-contact-angles-in-a-sample-of-1beobcpa.png Figure 2. (a) Measurement of contact angles in a sample of solidified drops (particles) resulting from a film of thickness h = 8.7 nm. (b) Distribution of contact angles from films of different thickness, h, versus the drops volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fitting-of-drops-symbols-with-lm-for-h-0-1-nm-the-24zsma3h.png Figure 10. Fitting of drops (symbols) with λm for h* = 0.1 nm. The exponents (3,2) (solid line) yield A = 2.58 × 10−18 J, while (4,3) (dashed line) and (9,3) (dotted line) do not provide good fits for this value of A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-density-plot-of-the-fft-of-figure-1c-2jdcqaaq.png Figure 4. Density plot of the FFT of Figure 1c. https://scispace.com/papers/instantons-and-killing-spinors-33jk8ypx78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-solution-of-the-sasaki-einstein-supergravity-37l0mh2n.png Figure 2. Sample solution of the Sasaki-Einstein supergravity equations with m = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/institutional-strategies-for-capturing-socio-economic-impact-1aos8tmvfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-increasing-impact-of-research-stjk41ov.png Fig. 6: Example of increasing impact of research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-prerequisite-to-socio-20dfsadf.png Figure 1: Schematic Representation of Prerequisite to Socio-Economic Impact (R-research, C-contactpoint) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-impact-diffusion-r-2ikrl7ul.png Figure 2: Schematic Representation of Impact Diffusion (R-research, C-contact-point) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-economic-impact-reporting-framework-categories-kunctauw.png Table 1 - Economic Impact Reporting Framework Categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-strategies-for-the-enhancement-of-socio-economic-3mhyv8f0.png Figure 5: Strategies for the Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-knowledge-brokers-role-3p1xttyh.png Figure 3: Schematic Representation of Knowledge Broker’s Role (R-research, C-contact-point, U-user) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bride-assessment-matrix-10h3yf65.png Figure 4: BRIDE Assessment Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-godin-and-dore-typology-of-categories-of-impact-49hvig5p.png Table 2 - Godin and Doré Typology of Categories of Impact https://scispace.com/papers/instrumentation-and-controls-division-annual-progress-report-4muqrf2f5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2-2-diagram-of-control-system-for-plasma-arc-cutting-3dzlo12i.png Fig, 7.2.2. Diagram of control system for plasma-arc cutting torch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-1-diagram-of-lvrt-system-1f0nhmx6.png Fig. 7.4.1. Diagram of LVRT system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2-1-control-system-for-plasma-arc-cutting-torch-a-1ubucbbv.png Fig, 7.2.2. Diagram of control system for plasma-arc cutting torch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-30-1-typical-resultant-thermoelectric-inhomogencity-sovy3nhg.png Fig. 7.30.1. Typical resultant thermoelectric inhomogencity error related to the irradiation fluence and core temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-7-1-htgr-fuel-characterization-data-system-yo1mbcjx.png Fig. 7.7.1. HTGR fuel characterization data system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-16-1-diagram-of-microwave-interferometer-1mw58dmf.png Fig. 2.16.1. Diagram of microwave interferometer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-2-approximate-equivalent-circujt-of-lvrt-and-bridge-1hxu9kec.png Fig. 7.4.1. Diagram of LVRT system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-34-1-shows-a-composite-of-all-measurements-i-e-wire-2yjo1opl.png Figure 7.34.1 shows a composite of all measurements, i.e., wire-to-wire and wire-to-sheath after a maximum resistance was obtained, as well as measurements for three specimens after a single heating cycle. https://scispace.com/papers/instructional-interventions-for-improving-covid-19-knowledge-51d1jmr948 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-educational-interventions-on-covid-19-stgmcepp.png Table 1 Impact of educational interventions on COVID-19-related knowledge (z-score). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-consort-2010-flow-diagram-2yfcl6hc.png Fig. 1. CONSORT 2010 flow diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-educational-interventions-on-covid-19-lzgtbnct.png Table 2 Impact of educational interventions on COVID-19-related attitudes (z-score). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-educational-interventions-on-covid-19-1bkn99kk.png Table 3 Impact of educational interventions on COVID-19-related behavior after one week. https://scispace.com/papers/instrument-dependent-interference-of-howell-jolly-bodies-in-1vozinfibf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reticulocyte-numbers-evaluated-using-different-2yq0ndo7.png Table 1 Reticulocyte numbers evaluated using different techniques. Blood was collected into K 3 EDTA containing tubes (Vacutainer ref. 3688610, Becton Dickinson BV, Breda, The Netherlands) and blood counts were measured within 6 h on a Beckman Coulter LH 750, a Sysmex XE-5000 and a CELL-DYN Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics) automatic hematology analyzer. A blood film was prepared and stained with either May-Gr ü nwald-Giemsa or Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) staining. For the automatic counter, reticulocytes are expressed as a percentage of total erythrocytes as measured by the particular analyzer. After supravital BCB staining 1000 reticulocytes were manually counted (1000 erythrocytes were evaluated). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-howell-jolly-bodies-included-in-erythrocytes-a-3h6q6252.png Figure 1 Howell-Jolly bodies included in erythrocytes. A blood film was stained with May-Gr ü nwald-Giemsa (original magnification 630 × ). Howell-Jolly bodies are indicated with arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/insulating-property-of-the-flexible-exchange-rate-regime-a-6hdct8d757 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rankings-of-cee-countries-according-to-basic-2jvmtrds.png Table 3: Rankings of CEE countries according to basic macroeconomic characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-response-functions-of-the-relative-output-nrgvgc6p.png Figure 2: Impulse response functions of the relative output in CEE countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impulse-response-functions-of-the-relative-output-28niwdm9.png Figure 3: Impulse response functions of the relative output to nominal shocks in Croatia and Hungary https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-models-with-the-highest-posterior-probability-1usf0n7q.png Table 2: Models with the highest posterior probability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-response-functions-of-the-real-exchange-2jz4yppw.png Figure 4: Impulse response functions of the real exchange rate in Croatia and Hungary https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-based-long-run-identifying-restrictions-3rrhc9yi.png Table 1: Model-based long-run identifying restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exchange-rate-variability-in-cee-countries-1998-26837wbd.png Figure 1: Exchange rate variability in CEE countries, 1998-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/instrumentation-and-early-age-monitoring-of-concrete-slabs-t6j9v2bicz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-movements-at-a-contraction-joint-2to4iucr.png Fig. 14. Movements at a contraction joint https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-modified-day-joint-gauge-with-dummy-end-block-3ao43g95.png Fig. 8. Modified day-joint gauge with dummy end block https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-open-cluster-box-2uovwl4r.png Fig. 6. Open cluster box https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-protecting-the-exposed-part-of-a-standard-254-mm-2m3m8gjm.png Fig. 7. Protecting the exposed part of a standard 254 mm strain gauge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-after-attachment-of-extension-arm-iht76qes.png Fig. 10. After attachment of extension arm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-before-removal-of-polystyrene-24nnrtnn.png Fig. 9. Before removal of polystyrene https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-marking-the-location-of-gauges-after-embedment-jezpqro1.png Fig. 11. Marking the location of gauges after embedment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temperatures-in-the-slab-sub-base-and-subgrade-1f2nar4j.png Fig. 12. Temperatures in the slab, sub-base and subgrade https://scispace.com/papers/intangible-capital-and-productivity-at-the-firm-level-a-4p70qaydcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-production-function-parameters-1ryx3yta.png Table 1- Production function parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-tangible-capital-c-and-intangible-12nd0oby.png Table 2- Definition of tangible capital (C) and intangible capital (K = IBS+ICA = IK+CK) according to financing reports (balance sheets and current accounts) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-for-main-variables-10qdb0mn.png Table 6- Descriptive statistics for main variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-occurrence-and-relative-magnitude-of-intangible-9sck84a4.png Table 5- Occurrence and relative magnitude of intangible capital for different samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-magnitude-of-different-forms-of-intangible-capital-3cpgso5d.png Table 4- Magnitude of different forms of intangible capital compared to total intangible capital: simple and weighted averages, and median (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-magnitude-of-different-forms-of-intangible-capital-f34ncjiy.png Table 3- Magnitude of different forms of intangible capital compared to total tangible capital: simple and weighted averages, and median (in %) https://scispace.com/papers/integer-valued-autoregressive-processes-with-periodic-4j6s6g6w2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-boxplots-of-the-biases-for-a-considering-the-set-of-22o723w6.png Figure 3: Boxplots of the biases for α considering the set of parameters α = (0.85, 0.50, 0.76, 0.63) and λ = (4, 1, 3, 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-boxplots-of-the-biases-for-l-considering-the-set-of-vnelcmnw.png Figure 4: Boxplots of the biases for λ considering the set of parameters α = (0.85, 0.50, 0.76, 0.63) and λ = (4, 1, 3, 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-number-of-short-term-unemployed-people-in-12pg56uo.png Figure 1: Monthly number of short-term unemployed people in Penamacor County (Portugal), from January 1997 to December of 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-means-top-row-left-and-variances-top-row-29ois7cu.png Figure 2: Sample means (top row, left) and variances (top row, right) by months of the year and the autocorrelation function (bottom row, left) of the monthly number of unemployed people in Penamacor County (Portugal), from January 1997 to December of 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-mean-and-mean-square-error-in-brackets-for-2qrquuqj.png Table 1: Sample mean and mean square error (in brackets) for the model α = (0.85, 0.50, 0.76, 0.63) and λ = (4, 1, 3, 2). https://scispace.com/papers/instrumented-vickers-microindentation-of-alumina-based-9ft055ezt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ro-er-t-ia-of-the-rnateriais-p-density-g-grain-size-2fdj3xgq.png TABLE I. ~ro~er t ia of the rnateriais (p: density, G: grain size, (0 ,40) .~~ The a values were slightly iower than that deE elastic modulus, A: Alumina. A E Aluminium titanate; sd: standard te,.,,,ined from measurements of the surface displacement deviation). in other fine-grained alumina (a e which can be P (sd) G, (sd) (sd) E (sd) due to differences in the method of determination os to (%th.) (w) (pm) (GPa) the occurrence of non-elastic deformations in the aluP-A 98.8 (0.3) 1.3 (0.2) ... 405 (2) mina that presented higher a. S-~1450 98.1 (0.3) 3.5 (0.3) ... 387 (5) Conversely, most of the holes left by grains were disS-~1550 98.1 (0.5) 5.5 (0.5) ... 388(5) hibuted along the edges in the specimens of the two P-AIOAT 98.5 ('3 (O.') 375 0 ) composites with the largest grain sizes [Figs. 5(e) and S-AIOAT-1450 97.3 (0.5) 3.2 (0.4) 2.2 (0.1) 355 (4) S.A~OAT.ISSO 97.2 (0.3) 3.9 (0.3) 2.4 (0.2) 349 (4) 5(f)l, t0 the POint Of lack of connection between the https://scispace.com/papers/integral-field-spectroscopy-of-23-spiral-bulges-4qsflm4f52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-same-as-figure-3-but-for-ngc-2903-6aenshl5.png Fig. 9.— Same as Figure 3 but for NGC 2903. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-results-for-the-sample-1feulr68.png TABLE 1 Main Results for the Sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-same-as-figure-3-but-for-ngc-4258-3kgdovnc.png Fig. 23.— Same as Figure 3 but for NGC 4258. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-same-as-figure-3-but-for-ngc-4303-1wx0nid0.png Fig. 24.— Same as Figure 3 but for NGC 4303. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-same-as-figure-3-but-for-ngc-4088-10su4zxo.png Fig. 21.— Same as Figure 3 but for NGC 4088. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-same-as-figure-3-but-for-ngc-4212-1hhojfmc.png Fig. 22.— Same as Figure 3 but for NGC 4212. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-same-as-figure-10-but-for-a-ngc-4088-30-b-ngc-4212-90-9rcxyl3h.png Fig. 26.— Same as Figure 10 but for (a) NGC 4088 [30]. (b) NGC 4212 [90]. (c) NGC 4258 [120]. (d) NGC 4303 [120]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-same-as-figure-3-but-for-ngc-4321-5riup9f1.png Fig. 25.— Same as Figure 3 but for NGC 4321. https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-algaas-source-of-highly-indistinguishable-and-3xy23tfia4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coincidence-histogram-of-te-tm-photons-passing-through-3idy2w7p.png Fig. 2. Coincidence histogram of TE/TM photons passing through the FBG filter centered at 1.566 μm at T 20.1°C. The data were accumulated during 100 s with a sampling resolution of 164 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-used-for-a-the-hom-2sby1z7e.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the experimental setup used for (a) the HOM experiment and for (b) the Franson experiment. The pumping scheme and the collection of the photon pairs is common to the two experiments. For the HOM experiment the photon pairs are deterministically separated with a polarizing beam splitter and then recombined in a 50/50 beam splitter. An optical delay line allows for varying of the relative arrival time of the two photons. For the Franson experiment, the two entangled photons are directed into an unbalanced interferometer. A piezo actuator is used to control the relative phase ϕ between its short and long arm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-the-franson-experiment-a-and-b-are-xxvg18mj.png Fig. 4. Results of the Franson experiment. (a) and (b) are histograms of the coincidence rate for two different phase settings, chosen to minimize and maximize the central peak; (c) is two photon interference; the coincidence count rate of the central peak is plotted as a function of the phase ϕ. The internal estimated pump power is 273 μW. The line show the fitting curve used to estimate the visibility V net 95.6 3.7%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-hom-type-experiment-the-uncertainty-dy42bhkf.png Fig. 3. Results of the HOM-type experiment. The uncertainty associated with each point has been calculated using a standard square root deviation. The line shows the fit of the data with Eq. (1). The obtained net visibility is V net 89.0 2.8%. https://scispace.com/papers/integrable-systems-of-double-ramification-type-2xr0r7xacu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2oomsqh1.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-map-ph-and-integrals-over-double-ramification-38wdzi0e.png Figure 4. Map φ and integrals over double ramification cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-ph-mstm-eg-n-1-st-m-e-g-m-1-ehikk5ly.png Figure 3. Map φ : MSTm,eg,n+1 → ST m−e g,m+1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-14d871ya.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-splitting-operation-25oqr48b.png Figure 2. Splitting operation https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-analysis-of-flow-form-and-function-for-river-294bba4x5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-channel-and-floodplain-geomorphic-attributes-and-b-3qod0mxm.png Table 2. (a) Channel and floodplain geomorphic attributes and (b) control function alignment 369 parameters used in the design of synthetic DTMs of plane bed and pool-riffle channel morphologies 370 https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-computer-aided-innovation-the-prosit-approach-4izdvcqhms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-exemplary-representations-of-shape-contradictions-1i6t5hgq.png Fig. 4. Exemplary representations of shape contradictions: system level (above) and subsystem level (below). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-exemplary-topological-contradictions-different-9i3mymfq.png Fig. 5. Exemplary topological contradictions: different material distributions (above) or different position/orientation (below). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-re-design-of-a-scooter-wheel-the-geometrical-1jj7fhxe.png Fig. 17. Re-design of a scooter wheel: the geometrical contradiction can be overcome by applying the segmentation principle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-exemplary-representations-of-size-contradictions-1d-13yu1la8.png Fig. 3. Exemplary representations of size contradictions: 1D (above), 2D (middle) and 3D (below). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-life-phases-of-a-ts-taken-into-account-for-1mb2llnn.png Fig. 6. Life phases of a TS taken into account for contradictions classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-re-design-of-a-scooter-wheel-second-step-in-order-to-c4qidfa5.png Fig. 16. Re-design of a scooter wheel: second step, in order to meet the design objectives, the manufacturability constraint should be removed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-re-design-of-a-scooter-wheel-first-step-comparison-of-178ah2p5.png Fig. 15. Re-design of a scooter wheel: first step, comparison of the geometries arising from three complementary single-goal optimization tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scheme-of-methodology-and-implemented-tools-1dbmjxzu.png Fig. 8. Scheme of methodology and implemented tools. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-historical-topographic-maps-and-srtm-data-to-1bsgn0gw99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simplified-scheme-used-to-transform-the-enhanced-3h5f4lxy.png Figure 5: Simplified scheme used to transform the enhanced topography map in bottom depth: (a) water-land limit showing a small test area and (b) the detail of how the topographic level in a small area is organized allowing the transformation of the reference level mhw 515= differences to topographic height (h1, h2,,,hn) for each pixel into depth information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-methodological-approach-used-to-enhance-the-35pfrssd.png Figure 4: Methodological approach used to enhance the topography map of flooded area of Itumbiara reservoir. (a) Curve levels of 50 m deriv d from topography map of 1979 and the image (b); (c) curve level of 20 m derived from SRTM from 2000 and their image (d); and the enhanced curve levels (e) and their image (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-localization-of-itumbiara-hydroelectric-reservoir-2ij4wzll.png Figure 1: Localization of Itumbiara hydroelectric reservoir on Brazil’s central (a), on state context (b) and on regional scale (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-bathymetry-m-by-the-proposed-m-thod-mj50il94.png Figure 6: Estimated bathymetry (m) by the proposed m thod. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-mss-landsat-3-imagery-from-11-08-1978-show-the-3dsleg0g.png Figure 2: (a) MSS-Landsat-3 imagery from 11-08-1978 show the area before inundation; and (b) TM-Landsat-5 imagery from 26-05-2007 actual period. The figure also shows the position of dam on reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evaluation-of-the-proposed-methodology-a-measured-1d88s2jx.png Figure 7: Evaluation of the proposed methodology: (a) measured versus estimated depth (m) and (b) the residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daily-mean-variation-and-rate-of-water-leve-wx89w1pq.png Figure 3: Daily mean variation and rate of water leve variation: rising (1), high (2), falling (3) and low water level (4). https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-experimental-atomistic-and-microstructurally-31idg6ggb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-contour-plot-of-plastic-slip-at-a-parison-between-3fdkqau6.png Fig. 6 „a… Contour plot of plastic slip at a parison between 2139-Al and precipitate-fr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-true-stress-true-strain-curves-for-2139-al-under-1v8bogkn.png Fig. 1 True-stress true-strain curves for 2139-Al under varied loading rates. The quasistatic stress-strain curve, obtained from the MTS servohydraulic machine under displacement control, shows considerable hardening. The high strain-rate curves, obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar, show extensive ductility „up to 80%… and slight stress softening of the 2139-Al alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-strain-rate-sensitivity-of-flow-stress-in-2139-al-at-23nr5tvf.png Fig. 2 Strain-rate sensitivity of flow stress in 2139-Al at an equivalent strain of 0.06 exhibiting considerable material rate 3 −1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-contour-plot-of-immobile-dislocation-density-59shjo5r.png Fig. 8 „a… Contour plot of immobile dislocation density normalized by the initial density for „111…†011‡ slip system in the matrix and „110…†112‡ in the precipitates at a nominal strain of 25% „i.e., most active slip systems…. „b… Comparison of dislocation densities for most active slip systems between 2139-Al and precipitate-free Al along path shown in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-adiabatic-temperature-increase-comparison-between-2139-18ono21h.png Fig. 7 Adiabatic temperature increase comparison between 2139-Al and precipitate-free Al along a selected path, showing the temperature build up to be the lowest inside the Ω precipitates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-contour-plot-of-reference-shear-strain-of-25-b-1evrqavm.png Fig. 9 „a… Contour plot of reference shear strain of 25%. „b… Comparison of referen between 2139-Al and precipitate-free Al alo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-slip-vector-vj-transformation-sequenc-2badxa8d.png Fig. 4 Illustration of slip vector „Vj… transformation sequenc in fractional coordinates. „b… The slip system vectors are precipitate vectors are aligned with the matrix vectors in acc vectors are mapped to the axes of the polycrystalline agg aggregate to the element axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-18-grain-aggregate-with-applied-strain-rate-of-104-2fiazwy6.png Fig. 5 An 18 grain aggregate with applied strain rate of 104 s−1 on t boundary conditions at the left and https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-liana-abundance-and-forest-stature-into-an-29h5vg8t89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-basal-area-of-climbing-lianas-and-trees-2-m-2c11kc3g.png Figure 2. Mean basal area of climbing lianas and trees > 2 m tall for and low (3–15 m; open bars), medium (15–25 m; hatched bars), and high (>25 m; shaded bars) stature classes in forest near Paragominas, Pará, Brazil (error bars represent 1 SE; error bars for lianas were too small to be visible; n = 10, 0.01-ha plots per forest stature class). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-stem-density-of-climbing-lianas-and-trees-2-m-3qo5jbwb.png Figure 1. Mean stem density of climbing lianas and trees > 2 m tall for low (3–15 m; open bars), medium (15–25 m; hatched bars), and high (>25 m; shaded bars) stature classes in forest near Paragominas, Pará, Brazil (error bars represent 1 SE; n = 10, 0.01-ha plots per forest stature class). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aboveground-biomass-characteristics-of-forest-in-kvybu0l7.png Table 1. Aboveground biomass characteristics of forest in three canopy stature classes (high > 25 m, medium 15–25 m, and low 3–15 m) and an area-weighted mean for 130 ha of never-logged forest near Paragominas, Pará, Brazil, (n = 10, 0.01-ha plots per canopy height class; within a column, different superscripts indicate significant differences using Tukey’s test (P = 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-basal-area-at-1-3-m-and-total-1y6cyv6n.png Figure 3. Relationships between basal area, at 1.3 m and total leaf dry mass for lianas (open circles; log (leaf mass) = 0.81 log (basal area) −0.57, r2 = 0.84, n = 19), and trees (closed circles; log (leaf mass) = 0.84 log (basal area) −1.26, r2 = 0.89, n = 11), harvested near Paragominas, Pará, Brazil. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-power-to-advance-the-study-of-connective-and-1ujjc0clsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-guiding-questions-in-using-the-cpde-framework-2glnpxwe.png Figure 2. Guiding questions in using the CPDE framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-four-principles-of-connective-and-productive-22ot7gcl.png Figure 1. The four principles of connective and productive disciplinary engagement. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-perception-and-planning-for-autonomous-13bi5s8cfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experiment-results-18cem94m.png Fig. 5. Experiment results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inevitable-collision-states-ics-14emgu7e.png Fig. 4. Inevitable Collision States (ICS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partial-motion-planning-architecture-26vfxh3d.png Fig. 3. Partial Motion Planning architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-car-like-vehicle-a-c127ebny.png Fig. 2. The car-like vehicle. A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-static-occupancy-probability-scalar-field-7mnixwru.png Fig. 1. Static occupancy probability scalar field approximation using a grid of gaussians and bi-linear interpolation. Cells size is 1 [m]. A vehicle and its past trajectory are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-inverse-observation-model-for-the-static-occupancy-1xdfry9r.png TABLE I INVERSE OBSERVATION MODEL FOR THE STATIC OCCUPANCY PROBABILITY [28]. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-surface-normal-vectors-using-fast-marching-fmo5vilsoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-from-left-to-right-reconstruction-results-for-the-tl9i74uf.png Fig. 6. From Left to Right: Reconstruction results for the function Z = sin(2π(x2 + y2)) + 3 using λ = 4, 30 and 100, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-from-left-to-right-reconstruction-results-for-z-e-x-2-kyjbb73u.png Fig. 7. From Left to Right: Reconstruction results for Z = e−x 2−y2 +10 using λ = 0, 8 and 100, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-from-left-to-right-plots-of-the-mean-median-and-l9xj9orh.png Fig. 4. From Left to Right: Plots of the mean, median and standard deviation of the relative errors of the reconstruction results for the Monkey Saddle with λ ranging from 0 to 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-from-left-to-right-reconstruction-results-for-the-14hezw1c.png Fig. 5. From Left to Right: Reconstruction results for the Monkey Saddle using λ = 0, 12 and 100, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-a-function-with-two-local-minimums-that-cannot-be-2mfbw22e.png Fig. 1. Left: A function with two local minimums that cannot be recovered using Fast Marching Method. Right: We solve for W with two different λ values in two complementary regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-from-left-to-right-three-views-of-the-reconstruction-3ozhpg7l.png Fig. 8. From Left to Right: Three views of the reconstruction result of one individual in the Yale Face Database B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-from-left-to-right-reconstruction-results-for-the-g45ucnkj.png Fig. 3. From Left to Right: Reconstruction results for the sphere using λ = 0, 6 and 100, respectively. The images are colored-coded according to depth values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-from-left-to-right-plots-of-the-mean-median-and-d7ik017n.png Fig. 2. From Left to Right: Plots of the mean, median and standard deviation of the relative errors of the reconstruction results for the sphere with λ ranging from 0 to 100. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-strong-local-consistencies-into-constraint-44kz5dak33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uml-class-diagram-of-the-integration-of-strong-local-1tbqa00p.png Fig. 2. UML Class diagram [?] of the integration of strong local consistencies into eventbased solvers. Arrows describe association relations with cardinalities, either one (1) or many (*). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-initial-propagation-cpu-time-memory-and-of-removed-2112ueke.png Fig. 5. Initial propagation: CPU time, memory and % of removed values against tightness on homogeneous random problems (200 variables, 30 values, 15/30% density). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-generic-implementation-of-support-iterator-functions-1aweflgd.png Fig. 3. A generic implementation of support iterator functions, given the constraints provided by a solver. Following the UML specifications, open triangle arrows describe generalization relations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mixing-two-levels-of-consistency-in-the-same-model-2per3uco.png Table 1. Mixing two levels of consistency in the same model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-of-the-integration-of-max-rpc-into-event-based-m3jbfd85.png Fig. 4. Diagram of the integration of Max-RPC into event-based solvers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-full-search-cpu-time-and-nodes-against-tightness-on-1h5vorfz.png Fig. 6. Full search: cpu time and nodes against tightness on homogeneous random problems (105-110 variables, 20-25 values). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-strong-consistency-global-constraint-cph-used-to-35dl3if8.png Fig. 1. A strong consistency global constraint CΦ, used to enforce the strong local consistency on a subset of constraints C Φ. N ′ is the new network obtained when replacing C Φ by the global constraint. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-visual-and-textual-cues-for-query-by-string-word-1amhxtr8wt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-the-n-gram-textual-descriptor-302momnh.png Fig. 1. Example of the n-gram textual descriptor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-different-recall-values-obtained-while-increasing-the-3m11cxxo.png Fig. 5. Different recall values obtained while increasing the number of elements returned by the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-the-spatial-bins-in-the-two-levels-of-3hjn6b06.png Fig. 2. Distribution of the spatial bins in the two levels of the spatial pyramid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-map-attained-by-the-system-using-different-number-of-1krvrxrz.png Fig. 4. mAP attained by the system using different number of dimensions in the topic space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-the-20-most-similar-word-images-returned-2x9gs2wy.png Fig. 3. Examples of the 20 most similar word images returned by the system for queries. https://scispace.com/papers/integration-europeenne-et-citoyennete-nationale-et-sociale-2px7fk3dk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-les-deux-dimensions-de-la-cloture-spatiale-14ahgorm.png FIGURE II. - Les deux dimensions de la cloture spatiale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-la-structuration-circonscrite-dimensions-et-macro-6smoipdr.png FIGURE I. - La structuration circonscrite : dimensions et macro-processus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-l-impact-de-l-intdgration-europdenne-sur-la-65un9ndt.png FIGURE III. - L 'impact de l'intdgration europdenne sur la citoyennetd sociale https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-an-enzymatic-bioreactor-with-membrane-4kwwya5egq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-properties-of-selected-troc-3qy8a60u.png Table 1: Physicochemical properties of selected TrOC. https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-remote-and-virtual-laboratories-in-the-338orqv5s2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-production-cell-3k1jwcs1.png Figure 8. Production cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-control-pannel-with-real-and-virtual-physical-2lwsutkd.png Figure 7. Control pannel with real and virtual physical systems to be controlled be Boolean equations for parallel automata https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lower-order-and-higher-order-thinking-skills-2mewpoma.png Figure 1. Lower-order and higher-order thinking skills folliwing Bloom’s taxonomy of the cognitive domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-from-a-running-experiment-ns851b8o.png Figure 2. Screenshot from a running experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-an-interactive-content-object-ico-28dbom2n.png Figure 4. Example of an interactive content object (ICO) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-choosing-virtual-and-real-devices-for-an-experiment-og7wn73h.png Figure 3. Choosing virtual and real devices for an experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-components-of-the-extended-learning-management-1jsv77zy.png Figure 5. Components of the extended learning management system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-three-floor-elevator-48jb82rc.png Figure 6. Three floor elevator https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-eqtl-and-parkinson-s-disease-gwas-data-3r3ggshgti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gene-based-results-27ryheij.png Table 1. Gene-based results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-splicing-results-1u2gt3z1.png Table 2. Splicing results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mwas-hits-overlapping-with-coloc-hits-1m2chx20.png Table 3. MWAS hits overlapping with Coloc hits https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-health-and-safety-risk-management-into-the-1tazzoz9q2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-initiating-events-between-the-semi-2lajnyhs.png Table 2: Comparison of initiating events between the semi-mechanised methods and semi-automated technology in ASM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-technical-groups-before-and-after-comments-mapped-3h3rz0i3.png Figure 28: Technical groups before and after comments mapped onto PHEST framework (axis is % of total comments, numbers in brackets are counts of comments) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-government-representatives-before-and-after-1hof68e9.png Figure 29: Government representatives before and after comments mapped onto PHEST framework (axis is % of total comments, numbers in brackets are counts of comments) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-all-stakeholders-positive-green-and-negative-red-whuvval2.png Figure 31: All stakeholders’ positive (Green) and negative (Red) risk comments mapped onto PHEST framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-32-clustered-non-asm-groups-positive-green-and-1zlwq1ge.png Figure 32: Clustered Non-ASM group’s positive (Green) and negative (Red) risk comments mapped onto PHEST framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-relative-importance-from-survey-results-based-on-36jrtd5l.png Figure 37: Relative Importance from survey results based on HSEEST analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-map-showing-the-study-locations-relative-to-the-6r9c61ru.png Figure 6: Map showing the study locations relative to the Philippine Fault Zone (bold solid line) across the Philippine archipelago adapted from Besana and Ando, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-research-outline-ii53wp18.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of research outline corresponding to the structure of this thesis https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-traditional-chinese-medicine-and-nibble-1qh04u3zkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5f91gdmf.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-g6c2fz2c.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3u8usbqx.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-29p279xv.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/integrity-based-path-planning-strategy-for-urban-autonomous-2yt3vjr1bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-integrity-parameters-8n0sfwn8.png TABLE I Integrity Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-four-candidate-paths-between-the-start-and-target-1aup5vlg.png Fig. 2. (a) Four candidate paths between the start and target node. It is assumed that LTE signals are received from four base stations shown on the map (map image is exported from Google Earth [49]), (b) 3D terrain and building map of the simulation area (University of California, Irvine), (c) Four example nodes with HPL(pk, t), faults(pk, t), and dist(pk), (d) ray-tracing example at a single node. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-travel-distance-average-hpl-maximum-hpl-ratio-of-1p483ql7.png TABLE II Travel distance, average HPL, maximum HPL, ratio of nodes with faulty signals, and value of the cost function of the four candidate paths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-existence-of-a-faulty-signal-left-and-hpls-right-along-1a2z47v5.png Fig. 3. Existence of a faulty signal (left) and HPLs (right) along a candidate path: (a) path 1, (b) path 2, (c) path 3 (optimal), (d) path 4 (shortest). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-path-planning-method-the-2hxvnbhc.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed path planning method. The vehicle is assumed to have a database of a 3D terrain and building map, GPS ephemerides, LTE base station locations, and integrity parameters. The user inputs are departure time, a start node, and a target node. Given the user inputs, the central computer performs ray-tracing to simulate GPS and LTE pseudoranges, predicts faults, calculates HPLs along each candidate path, and obtains an optimal path. https://scispace.com/papers/inter-and-intraconfigurational-luminescence-of-trivalent-3b5loff50j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excitation-spectrum-for-4g5-2-6h7-2-emission-at-598-nm-1gd4weee.png Fig. 1 Excitation spectrum for 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 emission at 598 nm of Sm3+ ions in SrF2:0.1%Sm 3+. T = 8 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excitation-spectra-for-5d3-7f6-emission-at-385-nm-of-1q6l3ayi.png Fig. 2 Excitation spectra for 5D3 → 7F6 emission at 385 nm of Tb3+ ions in SrF2:0.05%Tb 3+ (1) and SrF2:1%Tb 3+ (2). T = 8 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-excitation-spectra-for-5d3-7f6-emission-at-385-nm-of-18rqaazi.png Fig. 5 Excitation spectra for 5D3 → 7F6 emission at 385 nm of Tb3+ ions in SrF2:1%Tb 3+ at T = 8 K (1) and T = 295 K (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-excitation-spectra-for-4f105d-hs-4i15-2-emission-at-1cq44qhk.png Fig. 6 Excitation spectra for 4f105d(HS) → 4I15/2 emission at 165 nm of Er3+ ions in SrF2:0.1%Er 3+ at T = 8 K (1) and T = 295 K (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-excitation-spectra-for-1g4-3h6-emission-at-451-nm-1-1hcrfcoc.png Fig. 4 Excitation spectra for 1G4 → 3H6 emission at 451 nm (1) and for 4f115d(HS) → 3H6 emission at 167 nm (2) of Tm3+ in SrF2:0.3%Tm 3+. T = 8 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-excitation-spectra-for-4s3-2-4i15-2-emission-at-550-nm-wyr5jxd9.png Fig. 3 Excitation spectra for 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 emission at 550 nm (1) and for 4f105d(HS) → 4I15/2 emission at 165 nm (2) of Er3+ ions in SrF2:0.1%Er 3+. T = 8 K. https://scispace.com/papers/intelligent-star-tracker-3fz6qc6otn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-apps-used-to-accurately-track-a-spot-of-light-11gn5r9u.png Figure 4. APPS used to accurately track a spot of light. Schematic of the detector a) active area, b) Ni-Cr,Au, c) SiO2 and Si bulk layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-results-showing-the-tracking-accuracy-1eiouzqj.png Figure 5. Experimental results showing the tracking accuracy of the active pixel position sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intelligent-star-tracker-83x5wx8a.png Figure 1. Intelligent Star Tracker. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-details-of-the-structure-of-the-micro-mirrors-are-36h83kpb.png Figure 3. Details of the structure of the micro-mirrors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-array-of-moems-micro-mirrors-3ooa6hi3.png Figure 2. Array of MOEMs Micro-Mirrors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-image-obtained-form-a-matsutovbowers-star-tracker-1cdd0w80.png Figure 6. Image obtained form a MatsutovBowers Star Tracker with a 7 degree field of view. https://scispace.com/papers/intellectual-ability-in-tuberous-sclerosis-complex-1eb89550tm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fishers-exact-tests-of-the-distribution-of-mutations-elth5bu6.png Table 4 Fisher’s exact tests of the distribution of mutations predicted to be associated with nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and protein degradation (PD) status in the sample and of all mutations listed in the TSC1 and TSC2 Leiden Open Variation Database (accessed on 2 May 2014). Individuals with splice site mutations are omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-u-and-standard-deviations-s-of-iq-dq-with-2ye4io6e.png Table 3 Means (µ) and standard deviations (σ) of IQ/DQ with different mutational categories in TSC1 and TSC2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-u-and-standard-deviations-s-of-iq-dq-with-5gaxma9t.png Table 2 Means (µ) and standard deviations (σ) of IQ/DQ with different TSC mutation status in the total sample, in those with IQ>20 and in the sporadic cases with IQ>20 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stratification-of-iq-dq-in-the-normal-population-and-1pdh6go3.png Table 1 Stratification of IQ/DQ in the normal population and of all, TSC1 and TSC2 subjects in the study (n= 100). The lower panel in grey shows subdivisions of the category with IQ<70. https://scispace.com/papers/inter-session-repeatability-of-theia3d-markerless-motion-1tiamo8eb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lower-limb-joint-angle-patterns-measured-using-the-1bck08je.png Figure 2: Lower limb joint angle patterns measured using the Theia3D IK model throughout the gait cycle, for all three sessions from one representative subject. Mean +/- SD for session 1 (red), session 2 (green), and session 3 (blue) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composite-image-of-participants-and-their-clothing-zqpowcji.png Figure 1: Composite image of participants and their clothing, with three images per participant (one per session). Participants were given no specific instructions regarding the clothing they should wear during the data collections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-patterns-of-inter-trial-variability-dashed-2kusidhk.png Figure 3: Average patterns of inter-trial variability (dashed lines) and inter-session variability (solid lines) expressed as standard deviations (St. Dev.) in degrees, plotted throughout the gait cycle for the lower limb angles of all subjects from the Theia3D IK model. The ratio of inter-session to inter-trial variability is included in the panel below each plot (Var. Ratio). https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-between-diffusion-of-palm-biodiesel-and-large-emgynpb4a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-b100-palm-biodiesel-2k3z8gaj.png Table 1 Properties of B100 palm biodiesel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-home-made-compression-device-for-the-observation-of-186khigq.png Fig. 1. Home-made compression device for the observation of the coupling b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-two-first-cycles-stress-strain-curve-2vzw4dan.png Fig. 4. Illustration of two first cycles stress–strain curve of previously nonimmersed (dry) and immersed (swollen) rubbers under cyclic loading. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-immersion-tests-l26b80kj.png Table 2 Immersion tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-volume-changes-of-nbr-and-cr-at-different-compressive-cw9k2oxw.png Fig. 2. Volume changes of NBR and CR at different compressive strains after 1 m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stress-softening-in-nbr-previously-immersed-in-b0-left-1nbsex2p.png Fig. 7. Stress-softening in NBR previously immersed in B0 (left) and B100 (right) for two different durations of immersion: 1 month (1M) and 3 months (3M). Results correspond to pre-compressive strain of 2%. https://scispace.com/papers/inter-layer-fec-aided-unequal-error-protection-for-2idd6oi55o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-video-comparison-at-eb-n0-2-5-db-for-the-football-and-13h3g093.png Fig. 11. Video comparison at Eb/N0 = −2.5 dB for the Football and Foreman sequences. The first column indicates the original frames. The second column indicates the EEP-IL-RSC-LSSTC decoded frames. The third column indicates the Opt-UEP-RSC-LSSTC [20] decoded frames. The fourth column represents the UEP5-IL-RSC-LSSTC and UEP3-IL-RSC-LSSTC decoded frames for the Football and Foreman sequences, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-coding-rates-of-rsc-codec-error-protection-34yhphy0.png TABLE II CODING RATES OF RSC CODEC ERROR PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE BL L0 AND THE EL L1 . THE CODE-RATES WERE ADJUSTED BY VARIABLE-RATE PUNCTURERS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-employed-in-our-systems-where-aa-z3o5765b.png TABLE I PARAMETERS EMPLOYED IN OUR SYSTEMS ,WHERE “AA” INDICATES ANTENNA ARRAY. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-complexity-comparison-of-the-opt-uep-rsc-lsstc-system-119fgoio.png Fig. 12. Complexity comparison of the Opt-UEP-RSC-LSSTC system, the IL-RSC-LSSTC schemes and the classic RSC-LSSTC schemes for the error protection arrangements of Table IV for the Football sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-psnr-versus-eb-n0-performance-for-the-foreman-30wrrxpe.png Fig. 10. PSNR versus Eb/N0 performance for the Foreman sequence, including the RSC coding schemes of Table IV and the Opt-UEP-RSC-LSSTC [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-a-layered-video-scheme-1-where-the-2gxyuj51.png Fig. 1. Architecture of a layered video scheme [1], where the video quality is refined progressively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-coding-rates-of-different-error-protection-2tm3oanb.png TABLE IV CODING RATES OF DIFFERENT ERROR PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE FOOTBALL/FOREMAN SEQUENCE. THE CODE-RATES WERE ADJUSTED BY VARIABLE-RATE PUNCTURERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-namely-into-streams-a-b-and-c-carrying-the-a-b-and-c-3g1r9xiw.png Fig. 2, namely into streams A, B and C, carrying the A, B and C partitions of all slices. The resultant binary sequences are xa, xb and xc, representing three different layers, as shown in Fig. 2. Then the resultant three layers are encoded as follows: https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-between-electromagnetic-waves-and-transport-in-42topqs88h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unstimulated-diffusion-pattern-2qlferrw.png Figure 4. Unstimulated Diffusion Pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stimulation-with-horizontally-polarized-monopole-1wd98d8w.png Figure 5. Stimulation with Horizontally Polarized Monopole Antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-zones-4-and-2-diverging-1uv2xn2h.png Figure 8. Zones 4 and 2, diverging https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-zones-4-and-2-diverging-xod3hjdk.png Figure 9. Zones 4 and 2, diverging https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-change-of-concentration-over-time-for-a-0-watts-b-2gq3cb1j.png Figure 12. Change of Concentration over time for (a) 0-Watts, (b) 10-watts, (c) 30 watts, (d) 50-Watts. ‘a’ and ‘d’ are nodes tangential to the electric field lines, ‘b’ and ‘c’ are normal to electric field lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acrylic-test-box-dye-injection-table-and-cpvc-1qt7g2uz.png Figure 1. Acrylic test box, dye injection table and CPVC antenna case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-setup-and-devices-used-for-em-stimulation-tests-r8ao7qds.png Figure 2. Setup and devices used for EM stimulation tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-model-for-em-stimulation-tests-3tarwy5b.png Figure 3. Simulated Model for EM Stimulation tests. https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-of-femtosecond-pulsed-lasers-with-fe2-and-fe3-3nt4kc277l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-proliferation-of-fe-ku-pyrophosphate-materials-after-2zm2l662.png Fig 3: a) Proliferation of Fe く-pyrophosphate materials after 7 days b) contact test of 5% Fe く-pyrophosphate presents cells growth around sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-brushite-2hvd9v0z.png Fig 2. Comparison of X-ray diffraction patterns of brushite and 5% Fe doped brushite scaffolds after laser irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-show-the-laser-tracks-and-irradiation-area-2wixp1ym.png Fig 1. SEM images show the laser tracks and irradiation area on a) 0% Fe-brushite, b) 5 % Fe- brushite and c) 20 % Fe-brushite. https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-between-water-and-carbon-nanostructures-how-good-4d6xt4wlo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-between-reference-energies-and-interaction-fpycek90.png FIG. 3. Correlation between reference energies and interaction energies computed with a selection of density functional approximations and HF. Explicit data are given in Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mean-deviation-md-and-mean-absolute-deviation-mad-2df6uhc0.png TABLE IV. Mean deviation (MD) and mean absolute deviation (MAD) in meV of the interaction energies from the references; see Table I and Fig. 1. Best estimates are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-wac18-reference-interaction-energies-given-per-water-3qg6g0ib.png TABLE I. WaC18 reference interaction energies given per water molecule in meV. The reported error represents the uncertainty on the evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-lattice-energy-convergence-in-mev-of-ice-ih-using-2ha90bof.png TABLE II. Lattice energy convergence in meV of ice Ih using various numerical settings based on PBE and a Γ-centered 3 × 3 × 3 k-grid.105,106,161–163 The best estimates are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-of-implanted-deuterium-and-helium-with-beryllium-2xe0ymr6mn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-amount-of-deuterium-and-helium-trapped-in-surface-jdr5ep1r.png Fig. 1. Amount of deuterium and helium trapped in surface layer as a function of primary ion fluence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-te214n6w.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/interactional-training-interventions-boost-children-s-4yxi30obxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-values-resulting-from-three-group-anova-comparison-9wvn3hn7.png Table 3 P values resulting from three-group ANOVA comparison of pretest measures, screening test scores, and mean age. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-training-session-photographs-the-left-panel-shows-the-3p1ptttm.png Fig. 7. Training session photographs. The left panel shows the non-embodied condition, and the right panel the embodied condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-item-from-the-audiovisual-pragmatic-test-2txfx3px.png Fig. 1. Sample item from the Audiovisual Pragmatic Test showing text in English translation and illustration intended to elicit an expression of concern for a friend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-item-from-english-version-of-the-metacognitive-z5ro2fzp.png Fig. 3. Sample item from English version of the Metacognitive Vocabulary Test showing the illustration (left) and corresponding text to be read to the child (right), including the prompt question in which the child is asked to decide between two mental state verbs (in italics). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stills-of-a-video-sequence-from-the-false-belief-task-r7ru52kg.png Fig. 2. Stills of a video sequence from the false belief task. From left to right: (1) the princess puts a ball in the purple box and leaves; (2) the lion moves the ball from the purple box to the gold box; (3) the princess comes back (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-model-specification-and-estimates-for-emotion-2c3u4znv.png Table 8 Model specification and estimates for emotion understanding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-mean-sd-percentages-of-correct-responses-on-pretest-364gg3hg.png Table 9 Mean (SD) percentages of correct responses on pretest and posttest, β, SE, t, and p values and effect sizes (ηp2) on the test of emotion understanding, broken down by condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-specification-and-estimates-for-false-belief-3v5pcied.png Table 6 Model specification and estimates for false belief understanding. https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-of-three-dimensional-hydrodynamic-and-3a4wvt0gqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cross-sections-of-fig-5b-for-re-5-3j8kc3af.png FIG. 9: Cross-sections of Fig. 5b for Re = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-sections-of-fig-5a-for-re-2-a-128-profiles-are-1lth7eph.png FIG. 8: Cross-sections of Fig. 5a for Re = 2: (a) 128 profiles are drawn, hence the dark area. (b) the dashed line shows the approximative local substrate thickness of the profile at the crest (thick solid line). The dot-dashed line is the locus of a local maximum, which shows the curvature of the wave front. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inception-and-development-of-rivulet-aligned-with-the-24n774mi.png FIG. 2: Inception and development of rivulet aligned with the flow at different times computed with (6) for δ = 0.15, η = 0.022, M = 1.5, B = 1 and Pr = 7. The Reynolds number is Re = 1/3. The domain is a square with sides 2π/kx with kx = kz = 0.335. The mesh consists of 32 × 32 points. The flow direction is indicated by the arrow. (h) Streamwise (Ex) and spanwise (Ez) energies of deformations (11) versus time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-speed-c-and-maximum-film-thickness-hmax-of-2d-1rg6xx8q.png FIG. 6: Phase speed c and maximum film thickness hmax of 2D solitary-wave solutions (solitons) versus Re for Ma = 50 (solid line) and Ma = 0 (dotted line), for Bi = 0.1, Pr = 7 and Γ = 3375. The dot-dashed lines show the boundaries between the different regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rupture-time-trupt-estimated-when-h-o-10-3-versus-re-36ljqrq8.png FIG. 7: Rupture time trupt estimated when h = O ( 10−3 ) versus Re for Ma = 25, Bi = 0.1, Pr = 7 and Γ = 3375. Points from simulations are interpolated/extrapolated by the solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-wave-patterns-a-re-8-ma-0-b-re-8-ma-100-c-re-7-ma-100-37h2lm3x.png FIG. 12: Wave patterns: (a) Re = 8, Ma = 0; (b) Re = 8, Ma = 100; (c) Re = 7, Ma = 100; with Γ = 3375, Bi = 0.1 and Pr = 7. Extrema are given in brackets. ‘A’ denotes a dewetting front and ‘B’ a rewetting one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-heat-transfer-enhancement-solid-lines-for-different-2izbma9o.png FIG. 13: Heat transfer enhancement (solid lines) for different Reynolds numbers and with Ma = 50; Dashed lines show the contribution to HTE only due to surface deformations A∗s . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-wavelength-of-the-rivulet-structures-lriv-versus-1pwpccl0.png FIG. 11: Wavelength of the rivulet structures, λriv, versus Reynolds number for Ma = 25 (square), Ma = 50 (circles) and Ma = 100 (triangle). The solid lines correspond to the linear prediction. The dotted lines indicate the approximate boundaries between the different regimes as referred to in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/papers/interactions-between-humans-and-endemic-canids-in-holocene-3xg8kz0jbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-early-south-american-archaeological-sites-mentioned-39wzvfim.png Figure 1. Early South American Archaeological Sites Mentioned in Text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-endemic-native-canids-of-south-america-3l1j1xim.png Table 1. Endemic Native Canids of South America. https://scispace.com/papers/interactions-of-inert-confiners-with-explosives-4okca1f4i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-explosive-shock-fixed-cartesian-co-ordinates-for-oo5j7rxu.png Figure 2. Explosive-shock fixed Cartesian co-ordinates for the deformation in the inert confiner, ψ = 0 is the explosive-inert interface and ψ = h is the outer boundary. (Shock waves are also possible in the inert - not shown in schematic). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solution-regions-for-supersonic-case-free-outer-3ca1gnhc.png Figure 3. Solution regions for supersonic case (free outer boundary condition shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-profiles-of-p1-and-v1-on-ps-0-solid-lines-ps-h-1cdytbze.png Figure 13. Profiles of p1 and v1 on ψ = 0 (solid lines), ψ = h (dashed lines) and six equally spaced intermediate values of ψ (dotted lines), for B = 0.5, α1 = 0.5, h = 5 and (a) and (b) α2 = 0.25 and (c) and (d) α2 = 0.5. (Subsonic case with free outer boundary). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-profiles-of-a-yi-y1-on-ps-0-and-b-yh-y1-on-ps-h-3qfp3mi0.png Figure 14. Profiles of (a) yI (y1 on ψ = 0) and (b) yh (y1 on ψ = h) for B = 0.5, α1 = 0.5, h = 5 and α2 = 0.5 (solid lines), α2 = 0.25 (dashed lines) and α2 = 0.0625 (dotted lines). (Subsonic case with free outer boundary). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-profiles-of-a-yi-y1-on-ps-0-and-b-yh-y1-on-ps-h-for-jknknsio.png Figure 5. Profiles of (a) yI (y1 on ψ = 0) and (b) yh (y1 on ψ = h), for C = 1, α1 = 0.5, α2 = 0.0625 and h = 0.2 (solid lines), h = 1 (dashed lines), h = 5 (dotted lines). (Supersonic case with free outer boundary). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-profiles-of-a-yi-y1-on-ps-0-for-b-0-5-a1-0-5-a2-0-2wgvsspu.png Figure 16. Profiles of (a) yI (y1 on ψ = 0) for B = 0.5, α1 = 0.5, α2 = 0.0625 and h = 0.2 (solid lines), h = 1 (dashed lines), h = 5 (dotted lines), and (b) y1 on eight equally spaced values of ψ from ψ = 0 to ψ = h for h = 5. (Subsonic case with rigid wall outer boundary). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-profiles-of-p1-and-v1-on-ps-0-solid-lines-ps-h-2-2b1cf8l3.png Figure 4. Profiles of p1 and v1 on ψ = 0 (solid lines), ψ = h/2 (dashed lines) and ψ = h (dotted lines), for C = 1, α1 = 0.5, α2 = 0.0625 for (a) and (b) h = 0.2, (c) and (d) h = 1 and (e) and (f) h = 5. (Supersonic case with free outer boundary). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-shock-polars-shock-pressure-against-streamline-1ugpn0jg.png Figure 17. (a) Shock polars (shock pressure against streamline deflection angle) for cardboard (solid lines) and ANFO (dashed line) running at (a) D0 = 5.2 km/s and (b) D0 = 4.0 km/s. https://scispace.com/papers/interactive-effects-of-prey-and-p-p-dde-on-burrowing-owl-1fy3fqcqgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1ua47rri.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-adult-survival-sa-juvenile-survival-sj-3qyr0dql.png Table 1: Estimates of adult survival (sa), juvenile survival (sj), fecundity (b), the number of nesting pairs (data from Gervais 2002), and population growth rate (λ) for time-invariant models for 1997 to 2000 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1acc5h2e.png Figure 6: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-contribution-of-demographic-parameters-to-331ejb3m.png Table 2: Percent contribution of demographic parameters to the change in λ in peak (1999) and crash (2000) years relative to average (the mean of 1997 and 1998) years from an LTRE analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2ght7n5p.png Figure 7: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2xbdty3w.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cwemunga.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hrlkenz9.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/papers/interactive-simulation-of-scattering-effects-in-3p1h0p6s6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-comparison-between-our-method-and-references-on-a-1x28uyih.png Fig. 19. Comparison between our method and references on a medium with a low albedo (Oil). On this material, low-order scattering effects dominate. Our method tends to underestimate multiple scattering, due to the inaccuracy of neural network representation for extremely small values caused by the low albedo in the media. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-the-energy-error-ratio-between-the-precomputed-table-3kotlngx.png Fig. 18. The energy error ratio between the precomputed table and the table reconstructed by our neural network. The error ratio is evaluated by summing up the difference between two lobes at the sampled position in the two tables and then dividing by the precomputed table value. Material: Candle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-materials-used-in-this-paper-mxgrsakf.png TABLE 1 Parameters for the materials used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computation-time-memory-costs-and-error-for-our-test-2emrho14.png TABLE 2 Computation time, memory costs and error for our test scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-of-each-step-for-our-test-scenes-for-multiple-d9boshqy.png TABLE 4 Cost of each step for our test scenes for multiple scattering only. VRL G. includes VRL generation and VRL hierarchy organization. Recons. and Acc. refer to radiance table reconstruction and accumulation respectively. M. Scat. Eval. indicates multiple scattering evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-performance-and-error-mse-as-a-function-of-grid-layer-10x1d726.png Fig. 14. Performance and Error (MSE) as a function of grid layer on the Candle Scene (multiple scattering only) with different mfp . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-of-each-step-for-our-test-scenes-with-multiple-2h7ji8ex.png TABLE 3 Cost of each step for our test scenes with multiple and double scattering evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-error-mse-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-epochs-for-3w9qy4t2.png Fig. 15. Error (MSE) as a function of the number of epochs, for different node sizes for each layer. https://scispace.com/papers/interface-bond-strength-of-lightweight-low-cement-18vdw7enx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-tensile-test-set-up-6ka7mm77.png Figure 14 Tensile test set-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-batches-used-for-six-layered-elements-1s2um68v.png Table 5 Batches used for six layered-elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-fresh-state-2ggc0kmg.png Figure 3 Schematic representation of the fresh state deformations of layered section with an external Ushaped layer of relatively heavy material: (a) stable and (b) unstable behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cutting-of-a-horizontal-and-b-vertical-cores-into-3rcopa8b.png Figure 11 Cutting of (a) horizontal and (b) vertical cores into layered cylindrical specimens with a height of 100 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-analysis-of-the-middle-cross-section-of-a-layered-1fmiirzt.png Figure 12 Analysis of the middle cross-section of a layered element: (a) photo and (b) CAD representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-target-geometry-for-the-layered-prisms-a-24l6ht0q.png Figure 5 Target geometry for the layered prisms: (a) axonometric view and (b) cross-section AA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-relationship-between-tensile-strength-and-pour-1x8pm80l.png Figure 15 (a) Relationship between tensile strength 𝑓𝑡,𝑙𝑎𝑦 and pour delay ∆𝑡 for layered specimens cut from top horizontal cores (HT1 and HT2), bottom horizontal cores (HB1 and HB2) and vertical cores (V1 and V2), (b) Relationship between tensile strength 𝑓𝑡,𝑙𝑎𝑦, pour delay ∆𝑡 and failure mode for layered cylinders cut from horizontal cores. Figure 16a shows the average tensile strength 𝑓𝑡,𝑙𝑎𝑦 of the layered cylinders versus pour delay ∆𝑡. It can be observed that the pour delay has a significant impact on the average tensile strength. The average 𝑓𝑡,𝑙𝑎𝑦 decreases monotonically for ∆𝑡 of up to 24 hours. In this range, the curve ∆𝑡 - 𝑓𝑡,𝑙𝑎𝑦 is non-linear. Reductions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prismatic-pre-cast-concrete-beams-a-typical-cross-2gnw2kif.png Figure 1 Prismatic pre-cast concrete beams: (a) typical cross-section with homogeneous concrete composition and (b) functionally layered beam section with a low-porosity U-shaped external protective layer. https://scispace.com/papers/interannual-variability-of-the-atmospheric-co-2-growth-rate-1pnooqgaxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cross-correlations-of-anomalies-in-mauna-loa-o7xwzpfg.png Figure 3. The cross-correlations of anomalies in Mauna Loa CGR with anomalies in the Niño 3.4 index, tropical terrestrial surface air temperature (Tas), precipitation (Pr), soil moisture (SM), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The horizontal axis shows the lead-lag months between them. Negative month values indicate the anomalies in Mauna Loa CGR lag behind. Bold lines indicate correlation above 95 % significance (p ≤ 0.05), estimated by the effective degree of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standard-deviations-of-the-terrestrial-carbon-cycle-2mov5a8p.png Table 3. Standard deviations of the terrestrial carbon cycle processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interannual-variabilities-iavs-in-the-nino-3-4-4n9dqebx.png Figure 2. Interannual variabilities (IAVs) in the Niño 3.4 index, tropical land surface air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture, and atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR). The soil moisture was calculated from the surface layer to a 2 m depth. The atmospheric CGR, for the Scripps Mauna Loa CO2 data from 1960 to 2012 (solid line) and the globally averaged marine surface CO2 data from 1980 to 2012 (dashed line), are shown as the difference between the monthly averaged concentrations in the adjacent 2 years. The gray bars represent the three strongest El Niño events during 1965–1966, 1982–1983, and 1997–1998 years and vertical dashed lines show the eruptions of El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo volcanoes in 1982 and 1991, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-simulated-iavs-of-tropical-land-atmosphere-3947b6vv.png Figure 4. The simulated IAVs of tropical land–atmosphere carbon flux (CFTA), reversed net primary productivity (−NPP), heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and disturbances (D) by the seven terrestrial carbon cycle models, involved in the TRENDY project. The solid black lines in the figures denote the ensemble means (excluding CLM4CN), bounded by the 1 σ inter-model spread (green shaded areas). The observed IAVs of Mauna Loa CGR from 1960 to 2012 are also shown in (a) as a red dashed line. We reversed the NPP in order to make the sign consistent, positive values indicate carbon release from the terrestrial ecosystems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivities-of-the-tropical-anomalies-in-cfta-npp-22ja7whg.png Figure 8. Sensitivities of the tropical anomalies in CFTA, −NPP, and Mauna Loa CGR to (a) interannual variability in tropical nearsurface temperature over land (PgC yr−1 K−1) and (b) interannual variability in tropical precipitation over land (PgC yr−1 100 mm−1) in 1960–2010. The grey areas show the values of the sensitivities of Mauna Loa CGR with standard errors. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the estimated sensitivities for each model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-spatial-sensitivities-of-the-ensemble-mean-in-4paq4suh.png Figure 9. Spatial sensitivities of the ensemble mean in tropical CFTA interannual anomalies to tropical near-surface air temperature (kgC m−2 yr−1 K−1) and precipitation (kgC m−2 yr−1 100 mm−1) over land. The dotted areas in both figures indicate correlation above 95 % significance (p ≤ 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-cross-correlation-coefficients-between-the-3mjogv39.png Figure 1. The cross-correlation coefficients between the tropical land precipitation (Pr) and temperature (Tas). The horizontal axis denotes the lead-lag months between precipitation and temperature, with negative values indicating that precipitation leads temperature. Bold line indicates correlation above 95 % significance (p ≤ 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-color-coded-correlation-matrices-for-the-3li9s4lq.png Figure 5. Color-coded correlation matrices for the interannual anomalies in the tropical CFTA and −NPP estimated by the seven terrestrial carbon cycle models. Panel (a) shows correlation coefficients in pairs among the estimated CFTA, and (b) correlation coefficients in pairs among −NPP in the period 1960–2010. Mauna Loa CGR and modeled ensemble mean (ENS) are included in these correlations as well. The values in each cell demonstrate the significance levels (p ≤ 0.05 refers to above 95 % significance). https://scispace.com/papers/interface-optimization-for-improved-routability-in-chip-es401wjpzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-three-chip-package-co-designs-32n4bocc.png TABLE I CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE CHIP-PACKAGE CO-DESIGNS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pin-assignment-and-routing-problem-of-a-simple-3rhxwcx9.png Fig. 1. The pin assignment and routing problem of a simple chip-package co-design. External pins of two ICs (a) with superimposed signal pins of the chip carrier (b), the optimized pin assignment illustrated by flylines (c), and the final pin routing (inset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-integration-of-pin-assignment-optimization-into-the-1bihcrap.png Fig. 11. Integration of pin assignment optimization into the layout synthesis process. Related input and output data are indicated on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classification-of-routability-prediction-methods-2lm9iho7.png Fig. 2. Classification of routability prediction methods sorted by their granularity from coarse (top) to detailed (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-analysis-of-the-routability-of-pin-assignments-29rugdss.png TABLE II ANALYSIS OF THE ROUTABILITY OF PIN ASSIGNMENTS OPTIMIZED ON THE BASIS OF BASIC GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OR OUR CONGESTION PREDICTION METHOD (ROUTING RESULTS ACHIEVED WITH CADENCE SPECCTRA AUTO ROUTER). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-probabilistic-congestion-prediction-2qi98rtv.png Fig. 12. Comparison of probabilistic congestion prediction methods. Six probabilistic prediction methods and our prediction method “WF” using four values for parameter η90 = {1.00,1.15,1.30,1.45} are compared with global routing results. Our interface optimization uses the most accurate congestion prediction method “WF 1.45” (“predicted local congestion” in Tab. II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-local-features-of-the-overall-utilization-prediction-a-vtxkzuu2.png Fig. 5. Local features of the overall utilization prediction (a) are erased to imitate the behavior of global routers in over-congested regions χ. Utilization is shifted away from over-congested regions into adjacent regions (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probabilistic-routing-density-distribution-for-a-two-273f4iyb.png Fig. 3. Probabilistic routing density distribution for a two-pin net resembling (a) Z-shape routing geometry (two bends per routing path) and (b) routing with an unlimited number of bends [10]. Pins are located in the upper-left and lower-right corner. https://scispace.com/papers/interfaces-between-technology-development-product-3d59g1g3vy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-interface-characteristics-of-the-case-study-projects-3jdtf6gv.png Table 6 Interface characteristics of the case study projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-the-questionnaire-for-the-technology-1pxve0ze.png Table 4 Results from the questionnaire for the technology development/product development interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-technology-development-product-development-3cqm19r1.png Table 2 The technology development/product development interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-product-development-production-interface-2l4ftohm.png Table 3 The product development/production interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-from-the-questionnaire-for-the-product-w1z32z2o.png Table 5 Results from the questionnaire for the product development/production interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-companies-projects-meetings-and-10hcpebl.png Table 1 Overview of the companies, projects, meetings and interviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-interface-management-model-2cbd3p9l.png Figure 1 Overview of the Interface Management Model https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-agent-effect-on-rheological-response-and-ku2llrh7m6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overall-crystallinity-and-g-and-a-polymorph-1q9ijk1o.png Figure 7. Overall crystallinity and γ and α polymorph contents estimated from WAXS for all specimens processed under two thermal treatments as a function of interfacial agent content. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-dsc-curves-corresponding-to-the-cooling-process-3bjn4853.png Figure 12. DSC curves corresponding to the cooling process for iPP homopolymer and iPPxTi2 nanocomposites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-tga-and-b-differential-tga-curves-of-various-2eve2qje.png Figure 13. (a) TGA and (b) differential TGA curves of various nanocomposites. Differential TGA curves have been vertically shifted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-dependence-of-storage-modulus-and-loss-qk5vc53w.png Figure 5. Temperature dependence of storage modulus and loss tangent (tan δ) curves of neat iPP specimen and various nanocomposites quenched from the melt. Tan δ curves have been vertically shifted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-structure-at-a-two-dimensional-wedge-filling-2mn0vw7z61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-a-typical-interfacial-configuration-2duek8ri.png FIG. 3. Illustration of a typical interfacial configuration pinned at l1@ kllp for x=0 (thin continuous line). We have setS=1 (it defines the length scale), u=0.2, andl1=500. The thick continuous line corresponds to the conditional average profilekl2lcsl1,xd, and the dotted lines correspond to max(0,kl2lcsl1,xd±3j' c sl1,xd), where j' c sl1,xd is the conditional roughness. Any interfacial configuration has a probability of at least 95% of being between the dotted lines. Inset: an enlargement of the area aroundxt= l1/u. Other characteristic length scales are represented. See text for explanation. https://scispace.com/papers/interference-between-resonant-and-nonresonant-inelastic-x-4z01obu9xn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-upper-panel-a-shows-the-scattering-7la2qmjd.png FIG. 3 (color online). The upper panel (a) shows the scattering anisotropy of the NIXS (sin2 ) and RIXS (1þ sin2 ) channels. (b) The observed polarization dependence of x-ray scattering to the ¼ 0 and ¼ 1 vibrational levels of the 3 g ð3 1g 3s1gÞ final state is in agreement with the theoretical prediction, when interference between the RIXS and NIXS channels is taken into account. (c) A detailed view of the potential curves of the states involved in the interfering RIXS and NIXS (3 g ! 3s) channels. RIXS comprises three steps: 1 g ! 3 u, j1 1g 3 1ui ! j1 1u 3s1i, and 3 g ! 1 u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-scheme-of-transitions-responsible-for-the-2s3n6wxp.png FIG. 2 (color online). Scheme of transitions responsible for the formation of the RIXS spectrum shown in Fig. 1. The excitation energy is set to reach the potential curve crossing of the dissociative state and a bound Rydberg core-excited state. The scattering to the electronic ground state X3 g forms the extensive vibrational profile in the region 12 eV & @!< 0 and ends up by a narrow atomic peak. The molecular band at @! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-high-resolution-experimental-rixs-2acugozi.png FIG. 1 (color online). High-resolution experimental RIXS spectrum of molecular oxygen excited at the dissociative 1s ! 3 u resonance (@! ¼ 539 eV) measured in two geometries, ¼ffðe;k1Þ¼0 and 90 . The scattering to the X3 g and 3 g final states has opposite polarization dependence. Due to ultrafast dissociation a narrow atomic (at) peak appears in addition to the molecular (mol) peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/intergenerational-transmission-of-abilities-and-self-3ds8t02tm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-wyo16ca8.png Table 5: Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-descriptive-statistics-3f0zt3ux.png Table 1: Sample - Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameter-estimates-ntc0uot6.png Table 6: Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-first-stage-parameter-estimates-adj76hsd.png Table 4: First Stage Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-3-average-abilities-and-self-selection-1r61cmlt.png Table B.3: Average Abilities and self selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-counterfactual-experiment-fcdt09ey.png Table B.2: Counterfactual Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-4-children-education-conditional-on-parents-2acbdsg5.png Table B.4: Children Education Conditional on Parents Education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-2-schooling-and-migration-choices-based-on-144q2ceq.png Figure D.2: Schooling and Migration Choices Based on Abilities https://scispace.com/papers/intermestic-security-challenges-managing-transnational-bonds-1u685fejrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intermestic-security-challenge-1lw05a84.png Figure 1: Intermestic security challenge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-management-strategies-2psc2xpw.png Figure 2: Management strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-causal-factors-3cyw85of.png Table 1: Causal factors https://scispace.com/papers/intermedia-synchronization-protocol-for-continuous-media-2sqsyz20nh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inter-stream-synchronization-error-at-reception-and-1xiethwq.png Fig. 4. Inter-stream synchronization error at reception and delivery of streams sent considering a random delay of 50-400ms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reception-of-message-intra-m-inter-m-i-t-tp-data-h-m-3g0zrhi7.png Table 4. Reception of message intra(m)|inter(m)=(i, t, TP, data, h’(m)) at the mobile host pj, i ¹ j https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initialization-1rw6liu5.png Table 2. Initialization https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sending-of-messages-begin-end-cut-and-fifo-by-the-2egs0eie.png Table 3. Sending of messages begin, end, cut and fifo by the mobile host pi https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-message-and-storage-overhead-1bca9nw2.png Table 7. Message and storage overhead https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inter-stream-synchronization-error-at-reception-and-17v4dflu.png Fig. 3. Inter-stream synchronization error at reception and delivery of streams sent considering a random delay of 50-150ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-architecture-3p7jy61e.png Fig. 2. Simulation architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reception-sending-of-message-bs-m-i-t-tp-data-h-m-by-2g2cnznc.png Table 6. Reception-sending of message bs(m)=( i, t, TP, data, H(m)) by the base station BSl https://scispace.com/papers/intermodal-collaboration-a-strategy-for-semantic-content-40fllq68ok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-obtained-keywords-from-each-cc-story-q1xjk57v.png Table 1. Examples of obtained keywords from each CC story unit. The annotation is a fragment of CC text. The common words between them are underlined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outline-of-collaborative-analysis-among-the-text-qbeob2xm.png Fig. 2. Outline of collaborative analysis among the text, auditory (audio) and visual (images) streams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-descriptions-about-plays-and-players-2yvosw04.png Fig. 1. Example of descriptions about plays and players. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-an-overlay-1xvkmcu4.png Fig. 3. Example of an overlay. https://scispace.com/papers/international-oil-price-uncertainty-and-corporate-investment-2yr0y7rfxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chinas-domestic-gasoline-price-and-the-wti-crude-oil-3k34a1er.png Fig. 1. China’s domestic gasoline price and the WTI crude oil price over the period 2004 to 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-oil-price-uncertainty-state-ownership-and-corporate-3f8vujco.png Table 5 Oil price uncertainty, state ownership and corporate investment https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-further-analysis-based-on-the-refined-oil-pricing-2qp7ebnz.png Table C.1 Further analysis based on the refined oil pricing marketization reform (oil price uncertainty and corporate investment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oil-price-uncertainty-and-corporate-investment-1q114743.png Table 4 Oil price uncertainty and corporate investment https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-further-analysis-based-on-the-refined-oil-pricing-2b7mk5b2.png Table C.2 Further analysis based on the refined oil pricing marketization reform (oil price uncertainty, state ownership and corporate investment) https://scispace.com/papers/internal-stability-of-dynamically-quantised-control-for-1yfdfsyqoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noiseless-channel-e-0-1kbs9dpa.png Fig. 3. Noiseless channel, η = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-noiseless-channel-e-0-2cn4xpml.png Fig. 1. Noiseless channel, η = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-noiseless-channel-e-0-3tm1ewh4.png Fig. 4. Noiseless Channel, η = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-binary-symmetric-channel-pe-0-01-e-0-2u03j4pq.png Fig. 5. Binary Symmetric Channel, pe = 0.01, η = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-noiseless-channel-e-0-1-2gglrnp8.png Fig. 2. Noiseless channel, η = 0.1 https://scispace.com/papers/internationalization-design-and-global-development-57imbgfbwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internet-penetration-rates-11-2l5nx5xb.png Fig. 1. Internet Penetration Rates [11] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-internet-users-by-world-region-10-38gm8nya.png Fig. 2. Internet users by world region [10] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-selection-of-ie-7-0-safari-3-0-and-ccd-web-browser-2hewhyuq.png Fig. 3. Selection of IE 7.0, Safari 3.0, and CCD web browser icons https://scispace.com/papers/international-randomized-placebo-controlled-double-blind-3ztwth95af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tumor-response-per-recist-3dzyhknk.png Table 2. Tumor Response per RECIST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-progression-free-survival-time-among-patients-who-f7k9vllu.png Fig 4. Progression-free survival time among patients who received motesanib 125 mg once daily plus carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P) or placebo plus C/P in (A) all randomly assigned patients with nonsquamous histology and (B) the adenocarcinoma subset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adverse-events-95y2b1mb.png Table 3. Adverse Events https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-disposition-of-patients-two-patients-assigned-to-anx2v5oj.png Fig 1. Disposition of patients. (*) Two patients assigned to placebo treatment received at least one dose of motesanib. C/P, carboplatin/paclitaxel; QD, once daily. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographics-and-disease-characteristics-2xi143ji.png Table 1. Baseline Demographics and Disease Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-survival-os-time-among-patients-who-received-3o1092yj.png Fig 2. Overall survival (OS) time among patients who received motesanib 125 mg once daily plus carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P) or placebo plus C/P in (A) all randomly assigned patients with nonsquamous histology and (B) the adenocarcinoma subset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overall-survival-time-by-patient-subgroups-for-all-1osfogjs.png Fig 3. Overall survival time by patient subgroups for all randomly assigned patients with nonsquamous histology. European Union countries include Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, and United Kingdom. ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. https://scispace.com/papers/internationalization-processes-and-effective-practices-of-4ibo57ii63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-means-medians-and-standard-deviations-for-scale-the-cus8xn7w.png Table 7. Means, medians, and standard deviations for scale “The impact of human resource management practices on the employee’s commitment” https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-hrm-practices-which-are-considered-significant-2f6j7o8s.png Table 1. The HRM practices which are considered significant for organization performance (source: compiled by authors according to Guest et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-hr-practices-that-impact-on-performance-source-2rf3d0nw.png Table 2. The HR practices that impact on performance (source: compiled by authors according to Armstrong 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-means-and-modes-of-hrm-practices-chosen-as-most-3h62g9uw.png Table 8. Means and modes of HRM practices chosen as most effective for enhancement of employee’s performance (1 = first rank (the most effective); 5 = fifth rank) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-means-and-modes-of-hrm-practices-chosen-as-most-1njq0k43.png Table 9. Means and modes of HRM practices chosen as most effective for enhancement of employee’s commitment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-alternative-employee-related-pathways-linking-hrm-1a1l3prg.png Fig. 1. Some alternative employee-related pathways linking HRM and organizational performance (source: Guest et al 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linking-hrm-practices-and-hrm-outcomes-source-guest-23ickb6r.png Fig. 2. Linking HRM practices and HRM outcomes (source: Guest 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-experts-choices-of-five-most-effective-hrm-2sp45d8a.png Fig. 3. Results of experts’ choices of five most effective HRM practices (LV – Latvian experts, n = 11; LT – Lithuanian experts, n = 14) https://scispace.com/papers/internet-poker-websites-and-pathological-gambling-prevention-5c4z3y1mk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevention-assessment-scale-2l2wx57j.png Table 1 Prevention assessment scale https://scispace.com/papers/interpretation-of-absolute-laser-reflectance-during-optical-25hdarkeo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-image-of-a-sample-edge-taken-from-an-experiment-3exgiz1b.png Figure 4: SEM image of a sample edge taken from an experiment using a growth temperature of 500°C and V/III = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reflectance-trace-obtained-during-an-experiment-3rq2irac.png Figure 3: Reflectance trace obtained during an experiment carried out at 500°C, V/III = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-determination-of-reflectance-intensity-from-each-33774kb3.png Figure 1: Determination of reflectance intensity from each quartz surface in-line with the incident laser prior to deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reflectance-trace-from-an-experiment-carried-out-at-eqtqjv4y.png Figure 5: Reflectance trace from an experiment carried out at 450°C, V/III = 30, where TMGa was introduced into the reactor chamber solely for 15 minutes before AsH3 was also injected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-showing-transmittance-and-reflectance-1vemk65w.png Figure 2: Illustration showing transmittance and reflectance at each interface for the top of the quartz reactor tube and aligned substrate; (a)-(c) prior to deposition; (d)-(f) after GaAs deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-r-fit-analysis-of-a-reflectance-trace-figure-3-1o0dji11.png Figure 6: R-Fit analysis of a reflectance trace (Figure 3) during an experiment carried out at 500°C, V/III = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-measured-reflectance-intensity-normalized-for-a-toigg403.png Table 1: (a) measured reflectance intensity normalized for a clean quartz surface taken from Figure 1, (b) calculated absolute reflectance (Ra) from clean quartz surface taking into account tube curvature, (c) calculated absolute reflectance (Ra) for a 2D GaAs film on quartz taking into account tube curvature, (d) calculated reflectance (a.u.) for a 2D GaAs film on quartz taking into account tube curvature, and (e) measured reflectance (a.u.) from experimental GaAs deposition on quartz. https://scispace.com/papers/interpreting-insect-declines-seven-challenges-and-a-way-2uns64wf7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-range-of-complementary-datasets-that-feed-into-3vvuiyhf.png Figure 2. The range of complementary datasets that feed into entomological monitoring 894 initiatives. (A) Datasets tend not to cover the most important period of monitoring: the time 895 before substantial human impact. Attempts to integrate across these data sources have been 896 minimal but are essential to understand older patterns and establish baselines. (B) The goals 897 of citizen science monitoring programs vary on a continuum ranging from high emphasis on 898 broad public engagement and education (e.g., for species that are easily identified, such as 899 butterflies in backyard garden counts, or where substantial expert assistance can be delivered 900 at specific times, such as in a BioBlitz), through to a higher emphasis on the collection of 901 standardised quantitative time series data (e.g., for recording changes in regional occupancy 902 patterns through time, or standardised transects walks for temporal trends in abundance) 903 potentially requiring a greater investment in training of citizen scientists and data validation 904 by experts. 905 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-some-of-the-potential-uzvyt98s.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of some of the potential pitfalls in quantitative estimation 880 of population change through time. The trend line is a hypothetical (not empirical) time series 881 of insect abundance values over 55 years, loosely based on the form of the trend line for moth 882 biomass change in the UK in Macgregor et al. (2019). Without good knowledge of historical 883 conditions, perception of changes through time can be strongly biased by shifting baseline 884 effects. Moreover, any non-random bias toward an above-average starting point in a time 885 series comparison could lead to a false baseline effect. This might be particularly problematic 886 in simple pairwise snapshot effects if there is also bias in the selection of the contemporary 887 time-point for comparison. These kinds of effects are likely to be most severe when inter-888 variability in abundance is high. Longer time series will increase the signal to noise ratio and 889 statistical power. Cross-validation approaches, such as left-censoring and/or right-censoring 890 time series, have been suggested to test the sensitivity of trends to underlying bias in the data. 891 https://scispace.com/papers/interpretive-structural-modelling-and-fuzzy-micmac-3l0o6um5un 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ism-model-3hayyj6b.png Figure 2. ISM Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integrated-ism-model-315lwtmb.png Figure 4. Integrated ISM Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-binary-direct-relationship-matrix-hei0u4b8.png Table 12. Binary direct relationship matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-partition-on-reachability-matrix-interaction-iii-21xjag7d.png Table 10. Partition on Reachability Matrix: Interaction III https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-partition-on-reachability-matrix-interaction-i-33km0e6v.png Table 8. Partition on Reachability Matrix: Interaction I https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-partition-on-reachability-matrix-interaction-ii-3l38neis.png Table 9. Partition on Reachability Matrix: Interaction II https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-fdrm-for-variables-influencing-consumers-beef-t9bfnfih.png Table 13. FDRM for variables influencing consumers’ beef purchasing behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-canonical-form-of-final-reachability-matrix-1i9sdhla.png Table 11. Canonical Form of Final Reachability Matrix https://scispace.com/papers/interrogating-genomic-diversity-of-e-coli-o157-h7-using-dna-4l0e9kwwpe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tiling-array-design-tiling-arrays-consist-of-29-mer-21lkmyou.png Fig. 1. Tiling array design. Tiling arrays consist of 29-mer oligonucleotide probes whose sequences overlap by 24 nt (5 nt spacing). The sequenced O157:H7 strain EDL933 was used as the reference strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-number-of-snps-found-per-strain-3i8lu34w.png Fig. 5. The number of SNPs found per strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-frequency-and-location-of-snps-the-bar-graph-shows-233ca2v9.png Fig. 6. The frequency and location of SNPs. The bar graph shows the population frequency of each SNP among the 44 strains interrogated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-effect-of-cnps-and-mnps-on-hybridization-profiles-26z663l4.png Fig. 9. The effect of CNPs and MNPs on hybridization profiles. CNPs and MNPs are indicated according to their position in the EDL933 genome and by locus number (Table 2). (A) Loci 13 and 17 are present as CNPs while locus 16 is absent in strain AB6; (B) locus 26 is hypervariable in strain EC869; (C) locus 31 is absent in strain EC887. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tiled-regions-of-the-e-coli-o157-h7-edl933-genome-a-112pueq5.png Fig. 2. Tiled regions of the E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 genome. A random sampling of 1% of the EDL933 genome was accomplished by dividing the genome into 60 equally spaced regions and designing probes that are complementary to a contiguous 1000 bp region. The starting positions of each of the 1000 bp loci are shown according to the EDL933 genome coordinates. Loci shown in boxes are contained within O-islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hybridization-profile-from-a-representative-e-coli-2xgx9b8h.png Fig. 4. Hybridization profile from a representative E. coli O157:H7 strain. Labeled genomic DNA from strain EC1231 was hybridized to the EDL933 tiling array and relative fluorescent intensities were determined for each probe. The inset shows the enlargement of a locus that contains four SNPs. The single probe located at position 4,238,476 was excluded from further analysis because no neighboring probe was affected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-frequency-and-location-of-cnps-and-mnps-the-bar-2hv9zd0z.png Fig. 8. The frequency and location of CNPs and MNPs. The bar graph shows the population frequency of each polymorphism among the 60 loci examined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pyrogramtm-showing-snp-allele-frequency-among-a-3ta6fbq6.png Fig. 7. PyrogramTM showing SNP allele frequency among a population of strains. A SNP (C/T) located at position 184,718 and the following base (T) are shown in the shaded box. The bottom panel shows strain EC869 with C at the SNP position followed by T. The middle panel shows strain EC505 with T at the SNP position followed by T, read as a double peak. The top panel determined the frequency of the SNP alleles in a pool of DNAs from 18 strains. https://scispace.com/papers/interspecific-and-geographical-variations-of-trace-element-4m1ifpszg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-proportion-of-cd-cu-and-zn-in-the-cytosol-of-the-11jblqh5.png Table 4. Proportion of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the cytosol of the digestive gland cells (% of the 499 wet weight) of three scallop species from the Bay of Biscay and the Faroe Islands. N : 500 number of individuals 501 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-sd-of-cd-cu-and-zn-concentrations-ug-g-1-dwt-in-38vbzhak.png Table 5. Mean ± SD of Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations (µg.g-1 dwt) in different scallop 503 species from various locations. N: sample size. 504 505 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-trace-elements-concentrations-ug-g-1-16etnunb.png Table 1. Comparison of trace elements concentrations (µg.g-1 dry wt) of dogfish liver 486 DOLT-2 (NRCC), and dogfish muscle (NRCC) determined in the present study with 487 certified values. 488 489 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sd-of-cd-cu-and-zn-concentrations-ug-g-1-dwt-in-12lq09pm.png Table 2. Mean ± SD of Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations (µg.g-1 dwt) in the organs and tissues of three scallop species from the Bay of 492 Biscay and the Faroe Islands. N : number of pools (sum of the individuals) 493 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-body-distribution-of-cd-cu-and-zn-of-the-wet-weight-jrynk4qj.png Table 3. Body distribution of Cd, Cu, and Zn (% of the wet weight) in the organs and tissues of three scallop species from the Bay of 495 Biscay and the Faroe Islands. N : number of pools (sum of the individuals) 496 497 https://scispace.com/papers/intertemporal-substitution-in-health-care-demand-evidence-2mb2o4l2h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-balance-in-pre-randomization-variables-1itzwsl4.png Table A.1: Balance in pre-randomization variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-robustness-of-price-sensitivity-estimates-1l4x8cd9.png Table 3: Robustness of price sensitivity estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-budget-set-for-plans-with-non-linear-cost-3jjsduga.png Figure 1: Annual budget set for plans with non-linear cost-sharing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prices-by-experiment-month-free-care-vs-cost-37e8pszt.png Figure 2: Prices by experiment month, free care vs. cost sharing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2gu85rov.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-current-past-and-future-prices-on-health-1jxm50uk.png Table 2: Effect of current, past, and future prices on health care spending https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-month-specific-treatment-effects-for-episodes-of-2x8e6ex8.png Figure A.2: Month-specific treatment effects for episodes of care https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-month-specific-treatment-effects-for-spending-2npnsdp4.png Figure A.1: Month-specific treatment effects for spending https://scispace.com/papers/interval-subroutine-library-mission-imsa0kujj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tentative-hierarchical-structure-tnh0vemg.png Fig. 1. A tentative hierarchical structure. https://scispace.com/papers/interval-type-2-defuzzification-using-uncertainty-weights-1jzdqtljv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gaussians-with-different-uncertainty-patterns-solid-18uoy76a.png Figure 1: Gaussians with different uncertainty patterns (solid: KM, dotted: NT, dashed: UW). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gaussians-with-different-horizontal-widths-3bygbi10.png Figure 2: Gaussians with different horizontal widths, horizontal positions, and vertical scales (solid: KM, dotted: NT, dashed: UW). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-triangles-with-different-horizontal-widths-1pmy7ema.png Figure 4: Triangles with different horizontal widths, horizontal positions, and vertical scales (solid: KM, dotted: NT, dashed: UW). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-triangles-with-different-uncertainty-patterns-solid-2vt341q2.png Figure 3: Triangles with different uncertainty patterns (solid: KM, dotted: NT, dashed: UW). https://scispace.com/papers/intestinal-t-cell-lymphoma-in-a-coati-nasua-nasua-short-4rchul9mng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-soft-smooth-and-white-nodules-on-the-wall-of-the-3n02uf5n.png Fig. 1. (A) Soft, smooth and white nodules on the wall of the small intestine and adjacent mesentery. (B) Diffuse proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes arranged in mantles in all layers of the small intestine, associated with villous fusion. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE), 320. (C) Positive cytoplasmic labelling of neoplastic lymphocytes in all layers of the small intestine. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), CD3, 3100. (D) Detail of the neoplastic lymphocytes immunolabelled with CD3. IHC, CD3, 3400 https://scispace.com/papers/intra-and-inter-specific-investigations-of-skeletal-dna-57hicsqq7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phylogeny-based-on-average-species-level-global-1xlp5ma5.png Figure 4. Phylogeny Based on Average Species-Level Global Changes in Methylation. Observed 1000 phylogenetic relationship among nonhuman primates when considering average species-level global 1001 changes in methylation. This tree was constructed using the methylation levels for all finalized 39,802 1002 filtered probes. We averaged the β values per probe within a species, used Euclidean distances to 1003 calculate the difference between every two species, and estimated a neighbor joining tree using this 1004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-methylation-levels-at-species-specific-dmps-with-db-2bmq1wgg.png Figure 3. Methylation Levels at Species-Specific DMPs with Δβ≥0.4 Identified in the Inter-Specific 990 Study. Heatmap depicting the DNA methylation levels (β values) of all species-specific DMPs with 991 average absolute Δβ values greater than 0.4 between each taxonomic group (x-axis) in all nonhuman 992 primate samples (n=58). The sex and age of each nonhuman primate are also provided (y-axis). Red 993 indicates higher methylation at a DMP, while blue indicates lower methylation at a DMP. The 994 dendrogram of all samples (y-axis) clusters individuals based on the similarity of their methylation 995 patterns. Samples cluster based on species-level taxonomic groupings and as predicted based on known 996 species phylogenetic histories. 997 998 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nonhuman-primate-sample-set-ages-boxes-represent-c8zvt7q2.png Figure 1. Nonhuman Primate Sample Set Ages. Boxes represent one standard deviation from the 980 average age, and whiskers depict the full range of ages for each species. Baboons (n=28) are 16.90±5.02 981 years, chimpanzees (n=4) are 11.31±1.87 years, macaques (n=10) are 14.75±2.65 years, marmosets (n=6) 982 are 3.34±1.41 years, and vervets (n=10) are 9.31±10.30 years. Additional details can be found in Table 983 S1. 984 985 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonhuman-primate-morphological-measurements-see-u81ub3nr.png Figure 2. Nonhuman Primate Morphological Measurements. See Table S6 for a detailed description 987 of these measurements. 988 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gene-specific-methylation-levels-across-hoxd10-in-g6ui1bc0.png Figure 6. Gene-Specific Methylation Levels Across HOXD10 in Nonhuman Primates. Bar plot of 1025 DNA methylation across the HOXD10 gene (hg19 chr2:176981492-176984670), as well as upstream and 1026 downstream several hundred bases (hg19 chr2:176980532-176985117). Bars depict the presence (tall 1027 bar), partial presence (medium bar), or absence (low bar) of methylation at human derived CpG sites in 1028 15 nonhuman primate samples – 3 baboons, 3 macaques, 3 vervets, 3 chimpanzees, and 3 marmosets. 1029 While regular sequencing was very successful, bisulfite sequencing was less successful, with several 1030 sequence reads uninterpretable. As such, nonhuman primate methylation data is only available for a 1031 subset of the CpGs known in humans. Partial presence of methylation was called when sequencing 1032 fluorescence peaks for cytosine and thymine were both present at a particular site and one was at least 1033 half the size of the other. Overall, these data provide additional information regarding gene-specific 1034 methylation levels across HOXD10. CpG sites that were also targeted by the EPIC array are highlighted 1035 in yellow and include cg18115040 (chr2, position 176981328), cg25371634 (chr2, position 176981422), 1036 cg13217260 (chr2, position 176981469), cg03918304 (chr2, position 176981654), cg17489939 (chr2, 1037 position 176981919), cg26708100 (chr2, position 176983815), cg10393811 (chr2, position 176983927), 1038 cg08992581 (chr2, position 176983949), and cg06005169 (chr2, position 176984634). See Table S18 and 1039 Files S8-S9 for additional information. 1040 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-genome-wide-methylation-levels-across-hoxd10-in-2z8mjuqh.png Figure 5. Genome-Wide Methylation Levels Across HOXD10 in Nonhuman Primates. Plot of the 1010 methylation levels of significant DMPs across the HOXD10 gene (hg19 chr2:176981492-176984670). 1011 Plot shows the average β values for each DMP with error bars indicating 1 standard deviation in each 1012 direction for each comparative group (teal = baboon, orange = chimpanzee, purple = macaque, pink = 1013 marmoset, and light green = vervet). DMP chromosomal position in relation to the HOXD10 gene is also 1014 depicted. This gene is of interest because it has been found to be differentially methylated in ancient and 1015 modern hominin species (Gokhman et al., 2014). Of the sites depicted here, 5 DMPs were found to show 1016 significant species-specific methylation in marmosets. Of the 5 species-specific DMPs in the HOXD10 1017 gene of marmosets, 4 have Δβ between 0.2 and 0.3 (**) and 1 has a Δβ < 0.1 (*). See Table S13 for 1018 additional information. In the HOXD10 gene, the two exons are denoted with the thickest bars (exon 1: 1019 hg19 chr2:176981561-176982306; exon 2: hg19 chr2:176983681-176983959), the UTRs are denoted 1020 with bars of intermediate thickness (5’UTR: hg19 chr2:176981491-176981561; 3’UTR: hg19 1021 chr2:176983959-176984670), and the one intron is denoted with the thinnest bar (intron 1: hg19 1022 chr2:176982306-17698368). 1023 https://scispace.com/papers/intransitive-noninterference-in-nondeterministic-systems-3nsdyu4f7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-insecure-system-that-satisfies-mcor-2r99k51v.png Figure 4: An insecure system that satisfies MCOR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-for-a-mils-system-1vzy9j35.png Figure 1: Architecture for a MILS system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-system-that-is-rcnta-but-not-pcnta-v8b7izr6.png Figure 6: A system that is RCnTA but not PCnTA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-access-control-within-machine-m1-a-bidirectional-z5lv8or0.png Figure 10: Access Control within machine M1. A bidirectional arrow u ↔ d between a domain u and a data object d denotes d ∈ observe(u) ∩ alter(u) whereas a unidirectional arrow u→ d denotes d ∈ alter(u). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-system-that-is-p-nta-and-p-pcnta-but-not-prcnta-35qs9y3y.png Figure 8: A system that is P-nTA and P-PCnTA but not PRCnTA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-machine-that-is-cor-but-not-p-cor-19vat80x.png Figure 3: A machine that is COR but not P-COR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deductions-ought-to-be-based-on-views-rather-than-3f1irxem.png Figure 2: Deductions ought to be based on views rather than observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-implications-between-notions-defined-in-this-paper-24uktrvt.png Figure 9: Implications between notions defined in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/intraoperative-bone-registration-an-implementation-in-2kdnpfn2t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-passive-tool-by-ndi-and-the-physical-model-13q2v1op.png Fig. 2. Passive tool by NDI and the physical model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-workflow-to-achieve-the-navigated-surgery-on-3dslicer-13go5k7i.png Fig. 1. Workflow to achieve the navigated surgery on 3DSlicer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-model-in-3dslicer-with-chosen-landmarks-b-final-jwws5erm.png Fig. 3. A) Model in 3DSlicer with chosen landmarks; B) Final result of the registration comparing with the model obtained only by poin-to-point registration; C) Position of the tool in relation to the virtual model (tool navigation). https://scispace.com/papers/intrinsic-magnetic-moment-on-0001-surfaces-of-rhombohedral-385rdcooi6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-contour-plots-of-spin-density-r-r-of-fxcczsdi.png FIG. 3. Color online Contour plots of spin density = ↑ r − ↓ r of rhombohedral graphite. The solid circles denote the position of C atoms. Positive and negative values of the spin density are shown by black and red lines, respectively. Each contour represents twice or half the density of the adjacent contour lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-reciprocal-lattice-of-rhombohedral-graphite-with-3nqrrl7v.png FIG. 1. a Reciprocal lattice of rhombohedral graphite with 0001 surfaces. Edge states appear at the shadowed region when 1 / 0=0.1. b Expanded figure around the K point. https://scispace.com/papers/intrinsic-oxygen-vacancy-and-extrinsic-aluminum-dopant-4siynwm44i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a1-bulk-defect-top-selected-bond-lengths-for-the-a1-rc3i4bez.png Figure 4: A1 Bulk Defect: Top Selected bond lengths for the A1 defect. Largest bond lengths resulting from a localised polaron are in bold. Bottom (a) Atom labels used in table above. (b) GGA+U (6eV) defect state with localised hole. Titaniumm atoms are represented in green, oxygen atoms in blue, aluminium in orange and spin difference isosurface in yellow. (c) Projected density of states for A1 defect. Top: GGA, Bottom: GGA+U (U=6eV). Total DOS in grey and for GGA+U calculations the oxygen 2p states are represented in orange. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anatase-101-surface-4-layer-slab-used-in-defect-thsq7ao0.png Figure 1: Anatase (101) surface: 4 layer slab used in defect calculations. Titanium atoms are represented in green, oxygen atoms in blue. The bounding box shows the unit cell with the cell dimensions in Å. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-e0k-for-bulk-aluminium-defect-types-with-3hhuwq8h.png Table 3: Calculated ∆E0K for bulk aluminium defect types with and without applied U correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-partial-density-of-states-for-a4-defect-the-top-of-55n7oxon.png Figure 5: Partial density of states for A4 defect. The top of the valence band is at zero, with the highest occupied Kohn-Sham states for each spin channel illustrated with a vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-notation-for-surface-defect-positions-relative-to-4c7hujrw.png Figure 6: Notation for surface defect positions relative to the 101 surface. Titanium atoms are represented in green, oxygen atoms in blue and aluminium in orange. Ti(5) labels fivefold co-ordinated titanium atoms, Ti(6) six-fold coordinated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-diffusion-pathway-for-oxygen-vacancy-towards-117l9x30.png Figure 12: (a) Diffusion pathway for oxygen vacancy towards Aluminium dopants resulting in a defect of A3 type. For clarity only the central layer is illustrated. (b) Potential energy pathway along the shown diffusion pathway, with a spline fitted to the data to serve as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-c2-1-chromophore-adsorbed-above-a-defect-of-a2-35fediwu.png Figure 13: C2-1 chromophore adsorbed above a defect of A2 type in the anatase (101) surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-diffusion-pathway-for-an-oxygen-vacancy-towards-h6nn7nl8.png Figure 11: (a) Diffusion pathway for an oxygen vacancy towards Aluminium dopants resulting in a defect of A2 type. For clarity only the central layer is illustrated. (b) Potential energy pathway along the shown diffusion pathway, with a spline fitted to the data to serve as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/intrinsically-motivated-learning-of-real-world-sensorimotor-91l18k0gyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-exploration-of-maturational-constraints-over-values-h10nhxs4.png Fig. 10. (a) Exploration of maturational constraints over values taken by the maturational clock ψ(t), for a manipulator of 3-dof. (b) evolution of the maturational clock over time, for a given experiment. Vertical splits are added manually, to let appear what we call maturational stages, which are described as periods between important changes of the evolution of ψ(t) (change of the second derivative of ψ(t)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-how-a-goal-space-can-be-split-into-266o64a8.png Fig. 4. Illustration of how a goal space can be split into subregions, in each of which competence progress is monitored. The action-selection system decides most of the time (typically 70 percent) to explore goals with regions of highest learning progress (the probability of choosing a region is proportional to competence progress), but still for meta-exploration dedicates a part of its time (typically 30 percent) to explore other randomly chosen regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-proximo-distal-and-cephalo-caudal-law-infants-fbmgx0gv.png Fig. 8. The proximo-distal and cephalo-caudal law: infants explore and learn in priority their torso and shoulder for reaching movements, and progressively their elbow, and the same process happens in the gradual exploration and mastery of the neck-feet axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-histograms-of-self-generated-goals-and-regions-with-a-3luw9y5a.png Fig. 6. Histograms of self-generated goals and regions with a 15 DOF robotic planar arm (split by white lines) displayed over time windows indexed by the number of performed goals, for an experiment of 200000 time steps (i.e. microactions). The black half-circle represents the contour of the area reachable by the arm according to its length of 50 units https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-of-experimentation-of-the-quadruped-and-t66gbdhe.png Fig. 13. Example of experimentation of the quadruped and illustration of beginning position, goal position (ug, vg, θg), and a corresponding reached position (uf , vf , θf ) whose value are used to compute the measure of competence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-simulated-quadruped-physics-is-simulated-using-2padd3fm.png Fig. 12. The simulated quadruped. Physics is simulated using ODE and the Breve simulator (http://www.spiderland.org/) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-playground-experiment-setup-involves-a-physical-15eywnwm.png Fig. 1. The Playground Experiment setup involves a physical Sony AIBO robot which is put on a baby play mat with various toys, some of which affording learnable interactions, and an “adult robot” which is pre-programmed to imitate the vocalization of the learning robot when this later robot produces a vocalization while looking in the direction of the adult robot. The learning robot is equipped with a repertoire of innate parameterized sensorimotor primitives, and learns driven by intrinsic motivation how to use and tune them to affect various aspects of its surrounding environment. Complex self-organized developmental trajectories emerge as a result of intrinsically motivated exploration, and the set of acquired skills and affordances increases along with time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-histograms-of-positions-explored-by-the-quadruped-jkinbsrr.png Fig. 14. Histograms of positions explored by the quadruped inside the goal space u, v, θ after 10000 experimentations (running a motor synergy during a fixed amount of time), using different exploration mechanisms. https://scispace.com/papers/introducing-pneuact-parametrically-designed-mri-compatible-tba4nct24t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-3d-printed-prototype-of-the-pneuact-actuator-b-84ni0x2j.png Fig. 1. (a) A 3D printed prototype of the PneuAct actuator. (b) Components: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-stall-curve-of-the-motor-c-gap-size-0-15mm-piston-951rllqb.png Fig. 10. Stall curve of the motor c gap size: 0.15mm, piston surfacearea: 15 × 15mm2, crankshaft radius: r2 = 3mm (Fig. 8), Gear-head ratio: 1:40, Input pressure from 1 to 8 Bar, stepping frequency from 0ms to 100ms, pulse-width: 9ms, Tube length: 3m and internal diameter: 4mm. Experimental data are available in an online repository [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3d-printed-proof-of-concept-prototypes-generated-form-1o6wsmzv.png Fig. 2. 3D printed proof-of-concept prototypes, generated form a single parametric CAD file with different dimensions. a Motor with dimension https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-motor-electro-20gcz57d.png Fig. 3. A schematic illustration of the motor electro-pneumatic control system. Blue lines and green lines are power and control pneumatic tubes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-imaging-experiments-in-mri-scanner-0-25t-g-scan-brio-3uhxibap.png Fig. 4. Imaging experiments in MRI scanner 0.25T G-scan Brio, Esaote SpA (Genoa, Italy). Imaging parameters: TR 500ms, TE 30ms, Flip angle (FA) 90◦, Number of acquisition (NSA) 1, FOV 20× 20 cm, Reconstructed Resolution 0.78× 0.78× 5mm. Experimental data at GitHub repository [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematics-of-the-experimental-setup-for-measuring-the-2hkzn7td.png Fig. 5. Schematics of the experimental setup for measuring the response of a valve, tube and cylinder piston system to a square wave pressure signal (Force sensor ATI Mini45). P1 is the pressure of the reservoir, P0 is the ambient pressure, lt and Dt are the length and diameter of the tubes respectively, Dp is the diameter of the piston. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-empirical-model-of-the-response-of-tubes-with-a-4mm-j2cakanj.png Fig. 6. Empirical model of the response of tubes with a 4mm internal diameter and length from 1m to 8m to square wave pressure signals from 2Bar to 7Bar. and P1 is the input pressure. Data-points at [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-free-body-diagram-of-a-piston-and-the-crankshaft-thi-3jorosch.png Fig. 8. Free-body diagram of a piston and the crankshaft. θi is the angle between crank-pin i and vertical axis in clockwise direction calculated as θi = θ1 + (i− 1) 2π 3 . τfsc is the frictional torque between the crankshaft and cylinder, yi = r1 sin (θi) and xi = r1 cos (θi) + r2 are coordinates of the assumed contact points between crank-pins and each piston. Fnspi is the vertical normal force and Ffspi and τfspi are horizontal force and torque due to friction, between the pistons and the crankshaft, ~Fsc is the normal force from the cylinder on the crankshaft, Fncpi and Ffcpi are the normal and friction forces from cylinder on the pistons. https://scispace.com/papers/introducing-trusted-third-parties-to-the-mobile-agent-4m06ezpc37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-initialization-of-the-crypo-protocol-2kbufqm6.png Fig Initialization of the CryPO protocol https://scispace.com/papers/introduction-of-music-therapy-for-stuporous-patient-attached-yeg962znwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-pre-post-changes-on-all-measured-variables-2v6iogb6.png Table 2.1 Pre –Post Changes on All Measured Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-number-of-days-in-stuporous-patients-to-conscious-27467dm4.png Table 2. 2. Number of Days in Stuporous Patients to Conscious State https://scispace.com/papers/introduction-of-new-tumor-marker-age-score-in-clinical-32rf8t0qug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qs5kpis4.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-z7wq50xd.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9mkiyjyw.png FIGURE 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-zobn7qf3.png FIGURE 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2l61nj1w.png FIGURE 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dzzz6w6r.png FIGURE 2: https://scispace.com/papers/introduction-to-the-special-section-value-development-from-zxj1nkk7x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schwartzs-model-of-values-2xbseb88.png Figure 1. Schwartz’s model of values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-model-of-value-change-from-childhood-to-1illw41l.png Figure 2. Schematic model of value change from childhood to adulthood: Trends and individual variation in openness to change values. https://scispace.com/papers/intruder-localization-and-tracking-using-two-pyroelectric-29ok38gyz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geometry-for-three-fovs-ldcldov0.png Fig. 4: Geometry for three FOVs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geometry-for-a-single-fov-3u11g55f.png Fig. 3: Geometry for a single FOV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mse-for-ph0-in-watt-2-m4-vs-r0-meters-where-actual-2o7gtyx5.png Fig. 10: MSE for φ0 in Watt 2.m4 vs. R0 meters (where actual value for φ0 is 1.23× 10 −4Watt.m2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-deconvolved-and-denoised-signals-ps-10o-s-0-5mv-1meextcb.png Fig. 9: Deconvolved and denoised signals Ψ = 10o, σ = 0.5mV (normalized SNR=23.9dB) and R0 = 14m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-mse-for-ps-in-degrees-squared-vs-r0-meters-1j0otf81.png Fig. 12: MSE for Ψ in degrees squared vs. R0 meters. https://scispace.com/papers/invariant-chain-regulates-endosomal-fusion-and-maturation-5blulxy08b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vti1b-localizes-to-contact-sites-at-ii-positive-jo5q6rvi.png Figure 4. Vti1b localizes to contact sites at Ii-positive endosomes during fusion. A) M1 804 pMep4-Ii cells were transiently transfected with Vti1b-mCitrine o/n and Ii was expressed for 8 805 h (7µM CdCl2 added). Cells were treated with anti-Ii antibody coupled with Alexa Fluor 647 806 for 1 hour before live imaging. Time-lapse confocal images of Ii (magenta) and Vti1b-mCitrine 807 (green) during endosome fusion are shown. Scale bar: 2 µm. B) M1 pMep4-Ii cells were either 808 transiently transfected with Vti1b-mCitrine and treated with 7µM CdCl2 for 8h to induce Ii 809 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vti1b-interacts-with-ii-a-m1-pmep4-ii-wt-cells-were-q6sc0305.png Figure 5. Vti1b interacts with Ii. A) M1-pMep4-Ii wt cells were transiently transfected with 825 EGFP or Vti1b-mCitrine and Ii expression was induced by treatment with CdCl2 overnight. 826 Cells were lysed and co-IP with GFP-Trap magnetic beads. Whole-cell lysates (WCL, on the 827 right) and immunoprecipitated (IP, on the left) were subjected to Western blot analysis. B) 828 HeLa cells were transiently co-transfected with either EGFP or Vti1b-mCitrine and Ii wt or 829 mutated as indicated in the figure. Cells were lysed after 24 hours of transfection and thereafter 830 co-IP with GFP-Trap magnetic beads. Whole-cell lysates (WCL, on the right) and 831 immunoprecipitates (IP, on the left) were subjected to Western blot analysis. GFP and Ii was 832 visualized using the corresponding anti-GFP or anti-Ii antibodies. 833 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vti1b-is-more-localized-on-giantin-and-tgn46-3b02pgjs.png Figure 8. Vti1b is more localized on giantin and TGN46 positive structures in Meljuso Ii 855 KO cells. A) Meljuso control and Ii KO cells were transfected with Vti1b-mCitrine and 856 subsequently stained after fixation with an anti-giantin antibody. Representative images 857 (maximal projections) of Vti1b-mCitrine (green), giantin (magenta) and merge are shown. 858 Scale bars: 10 µm. B) Quantification of the percentage of colocalization between Vti1b-859 mCitrine and giantin in control and Ii KO cells is shown. C) Meljuso control and Ii KO cells 860 were transfected with Vti1b-mCitrine and subsequently stained after fixation and 861 permeabilization with an anti-TGN46 antibody. Representative images (maximal projections) 862 of Vti1b-mCitrine (green), TGN46 (magenta) and merge are shown. Scale bars: 10 µm. B) 863 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ii-ko-speeds-up-trafficking-of-hpts-a-the-1t1aydnv.png Figure 1. Ii KO speeds up trafficking of HPTS. A) The colocalization coefficient (% pixel 770 overlap of LysoTracker Red with HPTS) in wt Raji cells expressing Cas9 (control) or Ii 771 knockout (Ii KO) was analysed and is represented by line graphs for control (●) and Ii KO (●) 772 indicating mean ± SEM of 6 independent experiments. B) Same as for A) in wt Meljuso cells 773 (control, ●) or Ii KO (●) in showing mean ± SEM for 3 independent experiments. 774 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ii-induced-enlargement-of-endosomes-is-dependent-of-168c1t46.png Figure 2. Ii-induced enlargement of endosomes is dependent of Vti1b. A) Workflow 777 diagram of the image processing for the quantification of endosome size. Scale bar: 10 µm. C) 778 Results of endosome quantification after treatment with different drugs affecting early 779 endosome fusion, mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments. D) Quantifications results 780 of enlarged endosomes (bigger than 3 µm in diameter) for four individual oligonucleotides 781 targeting Vti1b compared to control siRNA (non-targeting, siCTRL) reported as relative 782 endosome enlargement. E) M1-pMep4-Ii cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA 783 against Vti1b were lysed and subjected to western blot analysis using anti-Vti1b and anti-784 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vti1b-localization-is-altered-in-meljuso-ii-ko-3j1zw404.png Figure 7. Vti1b localization is altered in Meljuso Ii KO cells. A) Meljuso control and Ii KO 841 cells were transfected with either Vti1b-mCitrine alone or Vti1b-mCitrine and His-Ii as 842 indicated in the figure and subsequently labelled live for Ii by treating the cells with an anti-Ii 843 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-schematic-model-depicting-the-main-findings-of-yovfav7e.png Figure 10. Schematic model depicting the main findings of this study. Ii binds to Vti1b and 875 facilitates its trafficking via the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane and from there to 876 early endosomes. There, Vti1b forms a SNARE complex leading to membrane fusion. 877 Increased endosomal fusion dependent on Vti1b delays endosomal maturation (left). Lack of 878 Ii induces a reduction of the endosomal localization of Vti1b, less endosomal fusion and faster 879 endosomal maturation (right). 880 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vti1b-and-ii-d27-colocalize-at-the-plasma-membrane-3e1uzzo3.png Figure 6. Vti1b and Ii Δ27 colocalize at the plasma membrane. HeLa cells were transfected 836 with Vti1b-mCitrine and His-Ii (wt or Δ27) as indicated in the figure and then imaged. Confocal 837 images are shown. Scale bar: 10 µm. 838 839 https://scispace.com/papers/intrusion-tolerance-and-anti-traffic-analysis-strategies-for-3mtmit72p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overhead-of-cryptographic-algorithms-2g6paqbj.png Table 1. Overhead of Cryptographic Algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-rushing-attack-during-multipath-routing-1bg5e80f.png Figure 7. Effects of Rushing Attack During Multipath Routing Setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overhead-of-anti-traffic-analysis-26mztiov.png Figure 8. Overhead of Anti-traffic Analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/invariant-image-object-recognition-using-mixture-densities-528sslnd2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-on-usps-1jiixwlf.png Table 2. Experimental results on USPS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-usps-results-with-varying-variance-estimation-and-2v0nqow4.png Table 1. USPS results with varying variance estimation and distance measures, with and without LDA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-variance-vs-tangent-variance-error-rates-hnjlf7h1.png Figure 1. Empirical variance vs. tangent variance: error rates with respect to total number of mixture components (9-1, no LDA) https://scispace.com/papers/inventaire-automnal-des-odonates-au-saguenay-lac-saint-jean-2lydnhy1ud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-male-et-femelle-du-sympetrum-tardif-perches-sur-un-fdp0rdq7.png Figure 5. Mâle et femelle du sympétrum tardif perchés sur un tronc du bouleau à papier (Betula papyrifera), à 16 h 25 le 12 octobre 2011, en retrait de l’étang des Brasénies, au parc national de la Pointe-Taillon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-le-sympetrum-tardif-au-parc-national-de-la-pointe-afygvc1f.png Figure 1. Le sympétrum tardif au parc national de la Pointe-Taillon en 2011 : mâle le 24 septembre ; mâle et femelle le 26 septembre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-exploitation-agricole-en-1926-et-presence-de-5-3ao6bov2.png Figure 8. Exploitation agricole en 1926 et présence de 5 étangs de castor en 2007 dans le secteur de l’Étang des Mélèzes, parc national de la Pointe-Taillon. Cercle : population du sympétrum tardif. Largeur de la photo : 675 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mentions-connues-du-sympetrum-tardif-au-quebec-ndm10xw7.png Figure 2. Mentions connues du sympétrum tardif au Québec. (Source : Initiative pour un atlas des libellules du Québec, non publ.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ceinture-riveraine-occupee-intensivement-par-le-1cs9h3gp.png Figure 6. Ceinture riveraine occupée intensivement par le castor (zone gris pâle) ; sites d’observation (points noirs) et absence (cercles vides) du sympétrum tardif en automne 2011 dans le parc national de la Pointe-Taillon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plans-deau-et-marecages-existant-en-1926-et-1sklprs1.png Figure 7. Plans d’eau et marécages existant en 1926 et présence d’étangs de castor en 2007 dans le secteur du Canal à Bélanger et du Canal Adélard, parc national de la Pointe-Taillon. Cercles : populations du sympétrum tardif. Largeur de la photo : 1,5 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sites-inventories-en-automne-2011-au-saguenay-lac-1lp79yxg.png Figure 3. Sites inventoriés en automne 2011 au Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (points noirs) et site de la population du sympétrum tardif découverte le 3 octobre 2012 (losange noir). Les basses terres du Lac-Saint-Jean et du Saguenay apparaissent en blanc. Largeur de la carte : 200 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-types-de-biotopes-inventories-a-etang-de-castor-8zkb4tlh.png Figure 4. Types de biotopes inventoriés : (A) étang de castor ; étang Rouge au parc national de la Pointe-Taillon ; (B) étang riverain de la rivière Péribonka ; étang des Îles au parc national de la Pointe-Taillon ; (C) tourbière minérotrophe riveraine ; ruisseau à la limite du parc national des Monts-Valin ; (D) lac alimenté par des sources souterraines ; lac Gervais à Saguenay. https://scispace.com/papers/invariant-observers-for-attitude-and-heading-estimation-from-ds0yo9wgpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-estimated-euler-angles-2lmj8208.png Fig. 3. Dynamic estimated Euler angles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-motionless-estimated-roll-angle-oipnvwif.png Fig. 1. Motionless estimated roll angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimated-euler-angles-with-magnetic-disturbance-2wsemx90.png Fig. 5. Estimated Euler angles with magnetic disturbance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimated-pitch-and-yaw-angles-with-magnetic-1x3xxdh6.png Fig. 4. Estimated pitch and yaw angles with magnetic disturbance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-motionless-estimated-gyros-biases-and-euler-angles-1szvwc56.png Fig. 2. Motionless estimated gyros biases and Euler angles https://scispace.com/papers/inventory-accelerator-in-general-equilibrium-27pwmwkuhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impulse-responses-to-technology-shock-2mydx13b.png Figure 1. Impulse Responses to Technology Shock. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-e-ect-of-inventory-on-aggregate-volatility-169kvlba.png Table 3. The E¤ect of Inventory on Aggregate Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-3kkh6l1c.png Table 1. Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-inventory-statistics-2idkeu29.png Table 2. Selected Inventory Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-an-a-star-algorithm-based-fitness-function-for-3dpeeozx33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-results-1vsflscb.png TABLE II. COMPARISON OF RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-robot-trajectory-and-ideal-a-star-solutions-for-cgbqn7af.png Fig. 1. Robot trajectory and ideal A-star solutions for multiple scenarios. Ideal A-star solutions are in blue, robot trajectory with A-star based fitness function are in red and basic fitness functions are in green. Routes to A are dashed lines, to B are solid lines and to C are dotted lines. Short vertical solid red line from centre shows that the robot is unable to reach B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-progress-of-evolution-over-generations-shown-in-28f6g99i.png Fig. 3. The progress of evolution over generations (shown in logarithmic scale) while using basic fitness function for ten experiments in each scenario. Black line is mean and red and blue lines are one standard deviation above and below average respectively for ten experiments. (a, d g): Mean best fitness measured while reaching points C (a), A (d) and B (g). (b, e, h): Mean of average fitness of entire population over generations for reaching points C (b), A (e) and B (h). (c, f, i): Mean of standard deviation of fitness of entire population for reaching points C (c), A(f) and B (i). Fitness of 50 shows that the robot has reached the goal. The experiments converged to solutions at different times (as shown by standard deviation curves) except while reaching B depending on the chosen seed for the random number generator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evolution-parameters-omi3qzn5.png TABLE I. EVOLUTION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-progress-of-evolution-over-generations-shown-in-32po1d2v.png Fig. 2. The progress of evolution over generations (shown in logarithmic scale) while using basic fitness function for ten experiments in each scenario. Black line is mean for 10 experiments and red and blue lines are one standard deviation above and below average respectively. (a, d g): Mean best fitness measured while reaching points C (a), A (d) and B (g). (b, e, h): Mean of average fitness of entire population over generations for reaching points C (b), A (e) and B (h). (c, f, i): Mean of standard deviation of fitness of entire population for reaching points C (c), A(f) and B (i). Fitness of 10 shows that the robot has reached the goal. Observations from all three scenarios show similar time taken to reach the goal despite exhibiting variation between overall maximum and minimum fitness in each case. An exception is while reaching B when half of the experiments did not converge to a solution in the given timeframe. In these cases, the robots moved to the farthest point along displacement until an obstacle blocked the path. https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-fl-x-q2-at-fixed-energy-in-the-color-dipole-3kfo5t0405 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-results-for-fl-x-q-2-as-a-function-of-x-at-fixed-37uob2r9.png Fig. 3. The results for FL(x,Q 2) as a function of x at fixed Q2. Data from the H1 Collaboration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-results-for-fl-x-q-2-as-a-function-ofq2-at-fixed-1ndszne9.png Fig. 2. The results for FL(x,Q 2) as a function ofQ2 at fixed energyWγp = 276 GeV.The different numerical results correspond to distinct dipole cross section parameterizations (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-effective-anomalous-dimension-as-a-function-of-2wpyo97y.png Fig. 1. a The effective anomalous dimension as a function of the quantity r2Q2sat/4 for different parameterizations. b The effective anomalous dimension as a function of Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-geometric-scaling-pattern-for-the-longitudinal-g-p-2uqmrt6m.png Fig. 5. The geometric scaling pattern for the longitudinal γ∗p cross section. The theoretical predictions are taken from scaling functions for the total inclusive cross section (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-among-color-dipole-results-and-recent-nlo-2rrdd3tm.png Fig. 4. Comparison among color dipole results and recent NLO/NNLODGLAP analysis https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-interfacial-electron-transfer-in-dye-hyyp5k1t79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-density-difference-plot-dr-rs1-rs0-between-the-3ehulkd1.png Fig. 6 (a) Density difference plot (Dr = rS1 ! rS0) between the ground and first excited states of 1 (left) and singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of 1!; (b) density difference plot between the ground and first excited states of 2 (left) and singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of 2!; (c) an overlay of the ground state of 1 (blue) and excited state 1* (red) geometry; (d) a full colour image of 1*. On the left hand side of the molecule there is a large symmetry-breaking structural change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-key-excitation-and-electron-transfer-processes-in-a-p-21xon6hc.png Fig. 3 Key excitation and electron transfer processes in a p-type dyesensitized solar cell. https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-oxidative-stability-of-lithium-ion-battery-1hyosgabs6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-charge-and-discharge-voltage-curves-of-the-5th-2hz9q8fb.png Figure 2. Charge and discharge voltage curves of the 5th cycle of an LNMO half-cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-amount-of-charge-passed-in-the-first-charge-331ew6wx.png Figure 3. a) Amount of charge passed in the first charge obtained using the SCPV technique (Q vs. E plot), and b) change of dQ/dE as function of E. Insets show magnifications in the ranges 3.9-4.2 V and 4.5-4.8 V, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-lnmo-half-cell-voltage-profile-and-multiple-scpv-20bqx287.png Figure 5. (a) LNMO half-cell voltage profile and multiple SCPV cycles of anodic and cathodic sweeps for (b) TEGDME:LiPF6, (c) Sulfolane:LiPF6, (d) LP40:LiPF6 and (e) LP40:sulfolane mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coulombic-efficiencies-of-lnmo-half-cells-3nczrdbl.png Figure 4. Coulombic efficiencies of LNMO half-cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-sweep-voltammograms-of-li-electrolyte-c-178xw6l9.png Figure 1. Linear sweep voltammograms of Li | electrolyte | C-coated Al foil cells from OCV up to 5 V vs. Li using a scan rate of 0.1 mV/s. The inset shows a magnification of the data obtained between 4 and 5 V vs. Li. https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-the-effect-of-exchange-rate-changes-on-the-3nhrmdrfui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dols-estimates-of-the-prcs-processed-exports-over-24u05567.png Table 3: DOLS Estimates of the PRC’s Processed Exports over the 1993–2008 Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dols-estimates-of-the-prcs-processed-exports-over-2e4xp0v6.png Table 2: DOLS Estimates of the PRC’s Processed Exports over the 1993–2008 Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dols-estimates-of-chinas-processed-exports-over-the-2mqbdyj5.png Table 1: DOLS Estimates of China’s Processed Exports over the 1993–2008 Period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-prcs-imports-for-processing-by-country-and-7uo196sp.png Figure 1: The PRC’s Imports for Processing by Country and Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-prcs-processed-exports-by-country-and-region-2cho5w24.png Figure 2: The PRC’s Processed Exports by Country and Region https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-the-multi-causal-and-complex-nature-of-the-1tr8slwmms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-system-of-forces-3hju6fj1.png Figure 3: A system of forces https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extent-of-contribution-of-cpfs-to-accident-causation-31yp4xb9.png Table 3: Extent of contribution of CPFs to accident causation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-literature-highlighting-the-accident-1g327ngn.png Table 1: Summary of literature highlighting the accident causal influence of CPFs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pattern-of-contribution-of-cpfs-to-accident-29omipib.png Figure 1: Pattern of contribution of CPFs to accident causation (Adapted from Suraji et al. (2001), Haslam et al. (2005) and Reason (1990)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-cpfs-and-proximal-factors-27dqb179.png Table 2: Summary of CPFs and Proximal Factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-multi-causal-influence-of-cpfs-1a1vv4ze.png Figure 2: The multi-causal influence of CPFs https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-and-assessment-of-supplied-water-quality-in-nc6wh7c392 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-methods-for-different-types-of-71py2dry.png Table 1: Experimental methods for different types of parameters with their BDWSs and WHO standards. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-second-correlation-between-the-physical-chemical-and-2w3fp7pd.png Table 5: Second correlation between the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters using Pearson correlation (r). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-of-various-diseases-from-the-252a9z95.png Figure 6: Percentage of various diseases from the questionnaire survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimum-and-maximum-values-at-rwasa-points-and-11n98pv3.png Table 3: Minimum and maximum values at RWASA points and household samples. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-into-the-effects-of-surface-stripping-zno-3dfp76274s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-of-normalised-current-against-voltage-for-a-1wnywpgt.png Figure 7. Graph of normalised current against voltage for a typical “cleaned” ZnO nanosheets and a typical “stripped” nanosheet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pl-spectra-for-zno-nanosheets-with-different-powers-t76p2q2j.png Figure 5: PL Spectra for ZnO nanosheets with different powers and time of argon bombardment. Error bar show standard deviation at 625 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-image-of-zno-nanosheet-before-argon-bombardment-1tx1vr1x.png Figure 1: SEM image of ZnO nanosheet before argon bombardment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-evolution-of-the-survey-scan-with-argon-36j97h97.png Figure 3. a) Evolution of the survey scan with argon bombardment dose, b) Evolution of the Zn 2p peak with argon bombardment, c) The O 1s peak before argon bombardment, showing fits and background and d) Evolution Zn LMMA peak with argon bombardment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graph-of-normalised-resistance-against-duration-of-2w1npebv.png Figure 6. Graph of normalised resistance against duration of argon bombardment. Error bars show the standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-of-a-percentage-h2o-and-b-argon-against-time-jz8560ay.png Figure 4: Plots of a) Percentage H2O and b) Argon against time of argon bombardment. https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-the-utility-of-clinical-assessments-to-predict-2osnisudla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-variance-anova-results-comparing-naked-3e9j8k9a.png Table 1: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results comparing naked eye ocular aberrations according to contact lens preference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-participants-who-perform-each-240lyptq.png Figure 1: Proportion of participants who perform each activity listed (complete bar) and the percentage of participants who would like to perform each activity without glasses (dark portion of bar). N=35. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-standard-deviation-pupil-size-and-decentration-31xbg6sh.png Table 3: Mean ± standard deviation pupil size and decentration in the dominant and nondominant eye of participants preferring Biofinity multifocal lenses, Purevision 2 multifocal lenses or monovision lenses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-standard-deviation-binocular-best-distance-1jbo4zxx.png Table 2: Mean ± standard deviation binocular best distance corrected visual acuity (BDCVA), acuity at high (95%) and low (12.5%) contrast under photopic and mesopic conditions and stereopsis in participants preferring Biofinity multifocal lenses, Purevision 2 lenses and monovision lenses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-standard-deviation-bulbar-hyperaemia-limbal-2zrw66yd.png Table 4: Mean ± standard deviation bulbar hyperaemia, limbal hyperaemia, palpebral redness and fluorescein corneal staining grading (Efron scale) of participants preferring Biofinity multifocal lenses, Purevision 2 multifocal lenses or monovision lenses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-binocular-defocus-curve-profile-with-2yubgnac.png Figure 2: Mean binocular defocus curve profile with randomised logMAR high contrast letter sequences and lens presentation of participants who preferred monovision lenses https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-articles-on-leadership-and-school-3bljfpn2bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-30-themes-of-the-sample-articles-3pgiczl7.png Table 30: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-29-themes-of-the-sample-articles-1npcck77.png Table 29: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-themes-of-the-sample-articles-2zaamipi.png Table 13. Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-themes-of-the-sample-articles-snzf5ico.png Table 5: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-themes-of-the-sample-articles-2zbn15dc.png Table 10: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-themes-of-the-sample-articles-s1gsclxj.png Table 11: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-themes-of-the-sample-articles-39xy5qtp.png Table 12: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-themes-of-the-sample-articles-y7d2mmip.png Table 9: Themes of the sample articles https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-factors-that-influence-public-librarians-44razeknb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-analysis-results-p-05-p-01-3vhns8wl.png Figure 2. SEM analysis results. * p < .05. ** p < 01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reliability-and-validity-of-measurement-w84ro0im.png Table 2. Reliability and Validity of Measurement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-representations-and-hypotheses-the-technology-1g68ih3y.png Figure 1. Model representations and hypotheses: the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-responses-by-library-service-population-12yb9sry.png Table 1. Responses by Library Service Population https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-cavitation-bubble-dynamics-using-particle-36kqgejh16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-piv-flash-photograph-of-a-cavitation-bubble-near-2rixcw9u.png Figure 4: PIV/flash photograph of a cavitation bubble near gelatin target 10–100µs after a laser pulse. A 60 mJ laser pulse was delivered via a optical fiber with 1000µm core diameter. The maximum bubble diameter was 2.5 mm at 100 µs. The marked velocity was the average for this specific particle train during the bubble expansion. The white bar presents 1 mm in length. The white dash line indicates the surface of the gelatin target. Five exposures were used with the presented pulse profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-piv-flash-photograph-of-a-cavitation-bubble-near-3tq3ef5x.png Figure 9: PIV/flash photograph of a cavitation bubble near gelatin target 1–4.2 ms after a laser pulse. A 30 mJ laser pulse was delivered via a optical fiber with 1000µm core diameter. The marked velocity was the average for this specific particle train during post bubble collapse. The white bar presents 1 mm in length. The white dash line indicates the surface of the gelatin target. Five exposures were used with the presented pulse profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-for-time-resolved-piv-of-the-2t2nr8kp.png Figure 1: Experimental setup for time-resolved PIV of the flow around laser-induced cavitation bubbles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-piv-flash-photograph-of-a-cavitation-bubble-near-19c2f7n5.png Figure 5: PIV/flash photograph of a cavitation bubble near gelatin target 400–485µs after a laser pulse. A 60 mJ laser pulse was delivered via a optical fiber with 1000µm core diameter. The marked velocity was the average for this specific particle train during the bubble collapse. The white bar presents 1 mm in length. The white dash line indicates the surface of the gelatin target. Five exposures were used with the presented pulse profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-piv-flash-photograph-of-a-cavitation-bubble-near-odf9r0p6.png Figure 8: PIV/flash photograph of a cavitation bubble near gelatin target 400–470µs after a laser pulse. A 30 mJ laser pulse was delivered via a optical fiber with 1000µm core diameter. The marked velocity was the average for this specific particle trains during the bubble collapse. The white bar presents 1 mm in length. The white dash line indicates the surface of the gelatin target. Five exposures were used with the presented pulse profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-two-configurations-for-3pkzrmmd.png Figure 2: Schematic illustration of two configurations for cavitation bubble generation. (a) Laser absorption on gelatin. (b) Laser absorption at the fiber tip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-piv-flash-photograph-of-a-cavitation-bubble-near-3qtzkuct.png Figure 6: PIV/flash photograph of a cavitation bubble near gelatin target 1–18.5 ms after a laser pulse. A 60 mJ laser pulse was delivered via a optical fiber with 1000µm core diameter. The marked velocity was the average for this specific particle train during post bubble collapse. The white bar presents 1 mm in length. The white dash line indicates the surface of the gelatin target. Ten exposures were used with the presented pulse profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-technique-for-determining-the-direction-of-3vanek1p.png Figure 3: Technique for determining the direction of displacement between exposures on a single frame. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-blend-miscibility-of-a-ternary-ps-pchma-3owki3xc0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xr-of-pchma-pmma-b-c-bilayers-the-fourier-method-a-dchyoehs.png Figure 1. XR of PCHMA/PMMA (B/C) bilayers. The Fourier method (a) was used to determine the interfacial width of this low contrast system (see Table 2). The low contrast is observed in the reflectivity profile (b). Using eq 1, øBC was approximated to be 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-cs-o-and-o2-b-primary-ion-bombardment-10vtu4k0.png Figure 3. Comparison of Cs+ (O) and O2+ (b) primary ion bombardment with 6.0 and 5.5 keV impact energies, respectively. For this system, Cs+ clearly provides improved depth resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sims-profiles-for-bilayers-of-dps-in-pchma-on-pmma-32yrf1oc.png Figure 2. SIMS profiles for bilayers of dPS in PCHMA on PMMA (A:B/C) with (a) 5, (b) 10, and (c) 20% (v/v) initial concentrations of dPS. After depletion of dPS due to segregation to the interface during the 42 h anneal at 150 °C, the bulk concentration away from the interface (æA ∞) was reduced to (a) 4.3, (b) 9.2, and (c) 19.2%. The interfacial excess (Z*) was determined from eq 2 after fitting the SIMS profiles to a Gaussian error function (dotted line) and a Gaussian peak (bold line) which superimpose to represent the convoluted dPS profile (solid line).27 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-values-of-o-for-dps-pmma-ps-pchma-and-pchma-1uz82chs.png Table 1. Reported Values of ø for dPS/PMMA, PS/PCHMA, and PCHMA/PMMA at 150 °C https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xr-analysis-of-pchma-and-pmma-single-layer-films-j5698nv5.png Table 2. XR Analysis of PCHMA and PMMA Single-Layer Films https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scmf-simulated-profile-for-aea-0-043-depleted-dps-sk6cgicj.png Figure 4. SCMF simulated profile for æA ∞ ) 0.043 (depleted dPS concentration for 5% initial concentration) using øAB ) -0.015, øAC ) 0.038, and øBC ) 0.1. Polymer A (dPS) is the bold line, polymer B (PCHMA) is the dotted line, and polymer C (PMMA) is the solid line in (a). Z*/R was determined to be 0.044 from eq 4 and is the area between the bold and dotted lines in (b). Here, ae is the effective segment length for B and C segments40 from eq 3. The zero-point for the z-axis is set by the inflection point in the depth profile for C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interfacial-excess-z-r-measured-from-the-sims-2p76rvtp.png Figure 5. Interfacial excess (Z*/R) measured from the SIMS profiles using eq 2 (O) as compared to SCMF calculations using øAC ) 0.038, øBC ) 0.1, and øAB ) -0.0034 (9) or -0.015 (2). Lines are a guide for the eye. The theoretical values of Z*/R were determined using eq 4. It is clear that øAB ) -0.015 provides far better representation of the experimental values than øAB ) -0.0034. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interfacial-width-wabc-b-and-interfacial-tension-1bx02so3.png Figure 6. Interfacial width wABC (b) and interfacial tension γABC (O) as determined using SCMF and eqs 5 and 6 with øAB ) -0.015, øAC ) 0.038, and øBC ) 0.1. Lines are a guide for the eye. Values are scaled to the infinite molecular weight wBC and γBC from eqs 1 and 7,34 respectively. Results are also shown for a numerical solution of a PCHMA/PMMA bilayer, where æA ∞ ) 0 (N ) 700). https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-headed-bar-joints-between-precast-concrete-4f64dfc7se 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reinforcement-material-properties-uy9kn3ln.png Table 2: Reinforcement material properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-test-group-3-transverse-bar-force-interaction-at-1excq3n5.png Figure 19: Test group 3 transverse bar force interaction at S2-S3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-specimen-g3-28-2h20t-b-s-100-200-after-removal-of-20etbp0u.png Figure 20: Specimen G3-28-2H20T'B'-S-100-200 after removal of loose concrete https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-test-group-3-load-displacement-2si0hzb0.png Figure 18: Test group 3 load-displacement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-test-groups-4-and-5-transverse-bar-force-2ly6a0ru.png Figure 23: Test groups 4 and 5 transverse bar force interaction at S2-S3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-design-model-for-three-bar-arrangement-a-stm-and-b-3oca19vx.png Figure 5: Design model for three-bar arrangement (a) STM and (b) and upper bound yield lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effective-confining-area-a-and-confined-strut-3c92xv69.png Figure 6: Effective confining area (a) and confined strut geometry (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stress-strain-curves-for-25mm-headed-bar-coupon-1mwtluwp.png Figure 7: Stress-strain curves for 25mm headed bar coupon tests https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-plasmon-resonance-tunneling-through-dhb2fx1qxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-top-down-and-b-cross-section-sem-images-of-a-1k0k2jby.png FIG. 3. (a) Top-down and (b) cross-section SEM images of a fabricated square-hole array with 10 lm period and 50% duty cycle along with (c) SEM image of the bottom of a hole. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hole-array-structure-of-the-device-under-investigation-6ws4tzih.png FIG. 1. Hole array structure of the device under investigation. Arrayed holes are etched into the Ga-doped ZnO layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-real-and-b-imaginary-parts-of-the-electric-11q3738c.png FIG. 2. (a) Real and (b) imaginary parts of the electric permittivity of the deposited Zn0.974Ga0.026O layer with plasma wavelength of 1.4 lm and (c) propagation length of SPP modes at the air/ZnO interface. All data are compared with that of gold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transmission-spectra-for-8-lm-square-hole-arrays-as-a-2r6i7nev.png FIG. 6. Transmission spectra for 8 lm square hole arrays as a function of incident angle from 0 (top trace) to 18 (bottom trace) with angle step size of 1.8 . Data are measured for incident light polarized perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Calculated values of excitation wavelengths for different SPP modes are also marked as scatter points with their mode numbers noted. Simulated transmission spectra at incident angles of 0 and 10.8 are also provided for comparison (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fdtd-simulated-e-field-profiles-of-the-device-with-8-znx06f9d.png FIG. 4. FDTD simulated E-field profiles of the device with 8 lm array period and 4 lm square hole sizes (a) on-, and (b) off- (1, 0) plasmonic resonance. Also presented is the simulated transmission spectrum of the device along with the predicted diffraction limited baseline (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-and-simulated-reflection-a-and-c-and-ak8atz2h.png FIG. 5. Experimental and simulated reflection ((a) and (c)) and transmission ((b) and (d)) spectra of the fabricated structures for normally incident infrared light. Relative transmission spectra are the transmission through ZnO hole arrays normalized to that of Si substrate and scaled to the opening area. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-path-loss-prediction-in-different-multi-2s7v5wxsgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-path-loss-exponent-n-values-for-the-upper-stair-2wltogie.png Table 4. Path loss exponent, n, values for the upper stair flight (S2, S4 and S6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-floor-penetration-factor-with-95-confidence-327e5vi0.png Figure 4. 1-floor penetration factor with 95% confidence interval at (a) 900MHz, (b) 1800MHz, and 2-floor penetration factor with 95% confidence interval at (c) 900MHz, (d) 1800MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-averaged-1-floor-and-2-floor-penetration-factor-db-12azmvyc.png Table 3. Averaged 1-floor and 2-floor penetration factor (dB) for all investigated stairwells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-path-loss-exponents-and-floor-attenuation-factor-1nhznzz2.png Table 8. Path loss exponents and floor attenuation factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-and-predicted-path-loss-at-a-900mhz-site-5-39cjj9kp.png Figure 6. Measured and predicted path loss at (a) 900MHz, Site 5, (b) 1800MHz, Site 5, (c) 900MHz, Site 6, (d) 1800MHz, Site 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-receiver-end-setup-at-site-1-b-layout-of-site-1-c-2kn0t2u8.png Figure 1. (a) Receiver-end setup at Site 1, (b) layout of Site 1, (c) layout of Site 2, (d) Layout of Site 3, (e) layout of Site 4 and (f) cross-sectional view of dog-leg stairwell investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-error-db-and-standard-deviation-db-of-pl-2fnu8yma.png Table 5. Mean error (dB) and standard deviation (dB) of PL prediction on upper stair flights at 900MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-layout-of-site-5-and-b-layout-of-site-6-d93uvwd4.png Figure 5. (a) Layout of Site 5 and (b) layout of Site 6. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-modeling-system-esd-failure-and-probability-m2wlsiy7ld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-characteristic-and-state-machine-diagram-used-for-1twa6821.png Figure 7: Characteristic and state machine diagram used for the behavioral description of the Power Clamp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-transient-measurements-and-simulations-of-the-psv9kefi.png Figure 8: Transient measurements and simulations of the output voltage for configuration (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-transient-simulations-of-the-output-voltage-when-3riuxzou.png Figure 9: Transient simulations of the output voltage when the ESD stress occurs on a low level of the output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-chronograms-showing-the-signal-evolution-during-14ufmzof.png Figure 11: Chronograms showing the signal evolution during the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-the-failure-probability-as-a-function-asdipsdu.png Figure 10: Evolution of the failure probability as a function of the external decoupling capacitance (Cdec), the clock frequency and the ESD pulse amplitude https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-schematic-of-the-system-with-dpi-injection-3utvdr76.png Fig. 1: Simplified schematic of the system with DPI injection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-evolution-of-failure-probability-depending-on-39gwcrps.png Figure 12: Evolution of failure probability depending on external decoupling capacitance (Cdec = 50nF), clock frequency and ESD pulse amplitude https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-transient-simulations-of-the-current-through-the-adtrpmwr.png Figure 13 : Transient simulations of the current through the power clamp (PC) and of the internal VDD voltage (without the PC : black, and with the PC : grey). https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-recent-population-bottlenecks-in-kenyan-2t2sjxd8qt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-long-term-effective-population-size-estimates-for-3cozph0x.png Table 4 Long-term effective population size estimates for wild sorghum populations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-sites-encircled-of-the-two-wild-sorghum-3ne1vx97.png Fig. 1 Sampling sites (encircled) of the two wild sorghum populations: North-West wild sorghum population (NWWSP) and South-East wild sorghum population (SEWSP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-for-population-bottlenecks-under-the-mutation-1ttj97o3.png Table 5 Test for population bottlenecks under the mutation-drift equilibrium hypothesis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genetic-diversity-of-wild-sorghum-populations-m7r80w8n.png Table 2 Genetic diversity of wild sorghum populations https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-scour-onset-under-seabed-pipelines-with-4h7j9xe5qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-model-pipe-dimensions-29misqc0.png Table 2: The Model Pipe Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-of-sedimentation-on-onset-of-scour-1adtwsjk.png Figure 11 Effect of Sedimentation on Onset of Scour https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-graphical-summary-of-results-trend-lines-shown-for-2r435d0b.png Figure 12: Graphical Summary of Results (Trend lines shown for each pipeline, with colour corresponding to the relevant markers) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-gap-length-17u9gaha.png Figure 14 Comparison of Gap Length https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-plain-pipe-results-with-sumer-et-al-2e9rit1q.png Figure 13 Comparison of Plain Pipe Results With Sumer et al. (2001) and Zang et al. (2009) For Blockage 1/10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-initiation-of-piping-in-corner-of-field-joint-voc5m0mx.png Figure 15 Initiation of Piping in Corner of Field Joint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-offshore-pipeline-welding-lincoln-50964r6h.png Figure 4 Example of Offshore Pipeline Welding (Lincoln Electric, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-offshore-pipeline-ndt-rorvik-2011-1h1ssrjo.png Figure 5 Example of Offshore Pipeline NDT (Rörvik, 2011) https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-ship-cooling-system-operation-for-improving-228fpjquub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-results-for-the-case-of-using-variable-i6rq2ku9.png Table 4 Simulation results for the case of using variable speed drives for obtaining minimum system power under the 334 constraint of 5oC allowed minimum temperature difference at heat exchanger sides(ΔTmin1) 335 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulation-results-for-the-case-of-using-variable-3knxbe5r.png Table 5 Simulation results for the case of using variable speed drives for obtaining minimum system power under the 338 constraint of 10oC allowed minimum temperature difference at heat exchanger sides (ΔTmin2) 339 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-results-for-the-baseline-case-1200-rpm-23wnuxz4.png Table 2 Simulation results for the baseline case (1200 rpm) 327 328 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-results-for-the-case-where-the-pumps-c9teleuy.png Table 3 Simulation results for the case where the pumps operate at 1100rpm 331 332 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cooling-system-pumps-nominal-characteristics-324-kcoibocg.png Table 1 Cooling system pumps nominal characteristics 324 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variable-speed-drive-efficiency-as-function-of-its-hb27h0t4.png Figure 3: Variable speed drive efficiency as function of its load percentage 188 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cooling-system-total-electric-power-demand-344-345-39xch5q4.png Figure 6: Cooling system total electric power demand 344 345 https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-the-behavior-of-ventilated-supercavities-3sr39e3p4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-1-schematic-of-safl-high-speed-water-tunnel-18a8kvw6.png Figure 2.2.1: Schematic of SAFL high speed water tunnel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-2-1-schematic-of-re-entrant-jet-regime-from-y5nf9z5f.png Figure 1.2.1.1: Three phases of developed cavitation (from Logvinovich, 1972). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-1-phase-diagram-qpbx6hrm.png Figure 1.1.1: Phase diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-3-typical-entrainment-plot-as-observed-by-xu-2unsz24q.png Figure 2.5.3: Typical entrainment plot as observed by Xu (unpublished). Numbers 1-6 indicate an increase in ventilation rate before a stable, twin vortex supercavity has formed. From 6-7 a stable, a twin vortex supercavity is present. From 7-9 the twin vortex supercavity has collapsed and is once again a re-entrant jet supercavity. Note that Brennen’s numerical predictions were used to obtain σ values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-1-1-three-phases-of-developed-cavitation-from-36oi2e1s.png Figure 1.2.1.1: Three phases of developed cavitation (from Logvinovich, 1972). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-2-freestream-cavitation-number-plotted-against-3bnlx82q.png Figure 3.4.2: Freestream cavitation number plotted against Froude number. Forward facing model for all the cavitator sizes tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-1-comparison-of-experimental-data-to-garabedians-1qlpcwk4.png Figure 3.4.2: Freestream cavitation number plotted against Froude number. Forward facing model for all the cavitator sizes tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-1-control-volume-for-analysis-of-hydrofoil-drag-24wel6zu.png Figure 3.6.1: Control volume for analysis of hydrofoil drag. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-the-applicability-of-dielectric-relaxation-3ndlobgq3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-eiip-and-tan-parameter-values-and-their-correlation-3dy5s6rx.png TABLE II EIIP, " , AND tan PARAMETER VALUES AND THEIR CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiple-cross-spectral-function-of-glucagon-using-the-1v4ioyzb.png Fig. 1. Multiple cross-spectral function of Glucagon using the EIIP parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-peak-frequency-and-signal-to-noise-ratio-values-2du0vtyc.png TABLE III PEAK FREQUENCY AND SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO VALUES FOR PROTEIN GROUPS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multiple-cross-spectral-function-of-glucagon-using-3v7p576d.png Fig. 2. Multiple cross-spectral function of Glucagon using " parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-capacitance-f-conductance-s-dielectric-constant-3bzv5w7p.png TABLE I A. CAPACITANCE ( F), CONDUCTANCE ( S), DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (" ) AND DIELECTRIC LOSSTANGENT (tan ) OF AMINO ACID AQUEOUSSOLUTION. B. CAPACITANCE ( F), CONDUCTANCE(MS), DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (" ) ND DIELECTRIC LOSSTANGENT (tan ) OF AMINO ACIDS DISSOLVED IN HCL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-multiple-cross-spectral-function-of-egf-using-the-eiip-22eysrz8.png Fig. 4. Multiple cross-spectral function of EGF using the EIIP parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multiple-cross-spectral-function-of-egf-using-3dlk0wvh.png Fig. 5. Multiple cross-spectral function of EGF using " . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multiple-cross-spectral-function-of-glucagon-usingtan-1x1rzbgq.png Fig. 3. Multiple cross-spectral function of Glucagon usingtan parameter. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-the-effect-of-geometric-and-operating-1jpfhzgvtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specifications-of-the-investigated-shell-and-tube-fh228hlt.png Table 2 Specifications of the investigated shell and tube systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-the-pcm-average-temperature-liquid-10zbayb2.png Fig. 12 Comparison of the PCM average temperature, liquid fraction, and stored energy fraction during the complete charging/discharging cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-effect-of-the-shell-to-tube-radius-ratio-on-the-ku9fcm8z.png Fig. 13 The effect of the shell to tube radius ratio on the storage system performance under different HTF temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-temperatures-recorded-by-thermocouples-2yvg66cx.png Fig. 8 Comparison of temperatures recorded by thermocouples located 5 mm away from the shells during the discharging process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-pcm-average-temperature-liquid-wgyepkmi.png Fig. 7 Comparison of the PCM average temperature, liquid fraction, and stored energy fraction during the charging process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-temperatures-recorded-by-thermocouples-3gk1yt5d.png Fig. 9 Comparison of temperatures recorded by thermocouples located 20 mm away from the HTF tubes during the discharging process https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-the-htf-flow-rate-on-the-charging-2u397y30.png Table 4 Effect of the HTF flow rate on the charging, discharging, and the complete cycle time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-pcm-average-temperature-liquid-1hj3jmri.png Fig. 10 Comparison of the PCM average temperature, liquid fraction, and stored energy fraction during the discharging process https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-the-influence-of-topographic-irregularities-2v3vw6fc5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-points-and-their-locations-18nwu93l.png Table 1.Selected points and their locations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selectedg-gmax-and-damping-relations-for-the-wf1nt68j.png Table 2.SelectedG/Gmax and damping relations for the formations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-5-5-section-maximum-acceleration-depth-and-13gbqtvy.png Figure 19.5-5′ section; maximum acceleration depth and spectral acceleration period graph for the selected points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geological-map-containing-the-five-cross-sections-3rpywluo.png Figure 1. Geological map containing the five cross sections used in the analysis (İnce et al, 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-damping-ratio-and-shear-strain-relationships-for-x6ojxcgj.png Figure 9. Damping Ratio and Shear Strain relationships for all formations. igure 9. Damping ratio and shear strain relationships for all formations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-4-4-section-maximum-acceleration-depth-and-1okvwj9p.png Figure 18.4-4′ section; maximum acceleration depth and spectral acceleration period graph for the selected points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-dimensional-image-of-the-5-sections-analysed-1fuheibf.png Figure 2. Three-dimensional image of the 5 sections analysed in the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-2-2-section-maximum-acceleration-depth-and-3tka75hu.png Figure 16.2-2′ section; maximum acceleration depth and spectral acceleration period graph for the selected points. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-truncated-waveguides-2lv8fix1ev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cutoff-wavelength-for-symmetrically-truncated-circular-2zwh21z9.png Fig. 2. Cutoff Wavelength for Symmetrically Truncated Circular Guide. Data presented are from perturbation theory calculations (solid and dashed lines) and Time-Domain Transmission-Line Matrix solver simulations (diamond and square symbols) for representative geometries. Figure inset depicts the truncated cicular guide geometry and orientation of electric field polarization vector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-shifter-reflection-for-parallel-and-50hminl6.png Fig. 4. Phase Shifter Reflection for Parallel and Perpendicular Illumination (Upper). Data from the numerical simulation (dashed) and measurement of structure (solid) for each polarization are plotted in the upper figure. The diagram across the top indicates the mapping between modes in circular and square guides having similar symmetry. From reviewing the mode map at the top of the figure, one notes that no spurious higher order modes are excited and trapped in the structure. Differential Phase Shift (Lower). Data are plotted for the perturbation theory parameters (square symbols), Time-Domain Transmission-Line Matrix solver simulations (grey line), and measurements of prototype structure (black line) in the lower figure. The cutoff frequency of parent guide and phase shifter length are 𝑓𝑐 = 26.36  GHz and 𝐿 = 10𝑎. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cutoff-wavelength-for-symmetrically-truncated-square-1nuip0j6.png Fig. 1. Cutoff Wavelength for Symmetrically Truncated Square Guide. Data presented are from the perturbation theory calculations (solid and dashed lines) and Time-Domain TransmissionLine Matrix solver simulations (diamond and square symbols) for representative geometries. Figure inset depicts the truncated square guide geometry and orientation of electric field polarization vector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-prototype-phase-shifter-and-trl-calibration-standards-3f3o7q77.png Fig. 3. Prototype Phase Shifter and TRL Calibration Standards. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-the-north-brazil-current-retroflection-and-1smnwxsziq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-means-between-1993-and-2000-of-a-the-2lqzjqo1.png Figure 3. Monthly means, between 1993 and 2000, of (a) the northernmost location of the NBC retroflection (NBCR), (b) the location (thick line) and the transport (thin line) of the NECC, (c) the ITCZ location and (d) WSC strength (thick line) and maximum negative WSC (thin line). The bars indicate the rms values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-time-series-of-the-northernmost-location-of-the-223jhj0l.png Figure 2. (a) Time series of the northernmost location of the NBC retroflection. The horizontal lines are the mean values for the periods 1993–1997 and 1998–1999, (b) monthly anomalies of the northernmost location of the NBC retroflection relative to the climatological annual cycle for 1993–2000, (c) time series of the location of the NECC (thick line) and the transport of the NECC (thin line), (d and e) monthly anomalies of the NECC location and transport, respectively, (f) time series of the location of the ITCZ, (g) time series of wind stress curl (WSC) values in the tropical Atlantic: maximum positive WSC (thin line), maximum negative WSC (dashed line), and their difference (thick line) and (h) monthly anomalies of the difference between maximum positive and maximum negative WSC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-showing-the-main-surface-currents-in-the-3loso5ao.png Figure 1. Schematic showing the main surface currents in the study region in the Atlantic: NBC, the Brazil Current (BC), the central and northern branch of the SEC (cSEC and nSEC, respectively), the NECC, and the NEC. The boxes show the domains where the wind parameters and the NECC parameters were calculated. The shaded area is the NBC ring corridor. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-wdm-vlc-using-standard-5-mm-rgb-leds-8pnyya80d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-results-of-the-wdm-rgb-led-showing-a-25yldy20.png Figure 5 Experimental results of the WDM RGB LED showing: (a) BER as a function of distance between the Tx and Rx w/o lens, (b) with a lens, (c) horizontal displacement w/o lens, (d) with lens, (e) angular misalignment w/o lens, and (f) with lens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-spectral-outputs-of-the-rgb-led-1j3qnt27.png Table 1 Measured spectral outputs of the RGB LED https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-experimental-setup-b-illumination-footprint-at-d-aosz98d5.png Figure 1(a) experimental setup, (b) illumination footprint at d = 0 cm, (c) d = 5 cm, (d) d = 10 cm, and (e) d = 15 cm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rgb-led-a-spectral-output-and-b-optical-output-3vhdgpke.png Figure 2 RGB LED: (a) spectral output, and (b) optical output power vs. drive current (inset normalised cd vs. I response of WPLED and RGB LED). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qldr-of-the-emitters-2z2oz2c7.png Table 2 QLDR of the emitters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fitted-parameters-from-polar-measurements-of-the-led-zumspjsx.png Table 3 Fitted parameters from polar measurements of the LED RGB https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measured-rgb-and-wpled-frequency-response-14v037qv.png Table 4 Measured RGB and WPLED frequency response https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-and-fit-polar-plots-of-the-power-output-at-zhn7x2na.png Figure 3 Measured and fit polar plots of the power output at 20 mA input drive current to (a) the red LED, (b) the green, (c) blue, and (d) all three colours. https://scispace.com/papers/investigations-on-an-all-tunable-fiber-ring-resonator-133xems765 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-absorption-output-of-a-7m-long-frr-flm-characterized-2mmp6rjv.png Fig. 9. Absorption output of a 7m-long FRR-FLM characterized using the microwave frequency domain characterization technique https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-architecture-and-b-ads-model-of-the-frr-including-a-2j6p1cw2.png Fig. 5. (a) Architecture and (b) ADS model of the FRR including a fiber loop mirror (FRR-FLM). A phase shifter can be inserted into the fiber loop mirror in order to get an all-tunable FRR (TFRR; see section 6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-the-microwave-frequency-domain-3jsrp4j8.png Fig. 8. Illustration of the microwave frequency domain characterization technique. This illustration shows the importance of using a FSM to modulate the laser carrier in order to generate a single sweeping MSB (rather than two MSBs if a classical linear amplitude modulation of the optical carrier is used) and therefore accurately transcribe the transmission characteristics of a TFRR (or a FRR-FLM) in the RF domain on a given frequency bandwidth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-architecture-of-the-double-direct-coupled-frr-a-ywhk2a4u.png Fig. 1. (a) Architecture of the double-direct-coupled FRR (a phase-shifter is inserted to control the phase delay inside the FRR’s loop. (b) ADS model of the FRR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-optical-transmission-spectrum-at-the-third-output-of-3aoavnld.png Fig. 11. Optical transmission spectrum at the third output of a 20m-long TFRR, simulated using an ADS model. A tuning of the new ORC’s absolute frequency is obtained by changing the coupling coefficient of the tunable coupler. Independently, a uniform tuning of both the new and main ORCs’ absolute frequencies is obtained by changing the phase-shift added by the phase-shifter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optical-transmission-spectrum-at-both-a-second-and-b-3gftixkj.png Fig. 6. Optical transmission spectrum at both (a) second and (b) third outputs of the FRR-FLM simulated, using an ADS model, while changing κTC’s value. ↑ and↓ notations indicate an increasing or a decreasing κTC’s value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmission-spectrum-at-the-third-output-of-a-20m-kcpuc6nc.png Fig. 2. Transmission spectrum at the third output of a 20m-long FRR simulated, using an ADS model, while changing ΔφPS’s value by π rad. An absolute frequency shift of the ORC by one half of the FSR is obtained https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-transmitted-optical-signal-measured-at-the-third-39ih5eaz.png Fig. 10. Transmitted optical signal measured at the third output of the 7m-long FRR-FLM, using the laser wavelength scanning technique, for different κTC’s values: 1%, 30%, 70 % and 87 %. The 2.6 s timescale (or visualization window) on this graphic represents a 96 MHz laser frequency scanning range https://scispace.com/papers/investment-crowding-out-firm-level-evidence-from-germany-5hhu01m81a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-total-leverage-effect-of-the-afp-2fpo6qko.png Table 6: Total leverage effect of the AFP https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-leverage-effects-of-the-afp-to-building-of-private-6la1wlrr.png Table 5: Leverage effects of the AFP to building of private non-farm assets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-leverage-effects-of-the-afp-to-farm-household-living-1iy50t29.png Table 4: Leverage effects of the AFP to farm household living expenses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inter-firm-substitution-effect-the-impact-of-the-afp-3bp02xhn.png Table 2: Inter-firm substitution effect: the impact of the AFP on farm profits https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crowding-out-effect-of-the-afp-on-farm-assets-2ny33t4l.png Table 3: Crowding-out effect of the AFP on farm assets https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-rosenbaum-bounds-test-results-2007-n-99-matched-26qe0p64.png Table 7: Rosenbaum bounds test results (2007, N = 99 matched pairs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-covariates-and-descriptive-statistics-lz2w7gjf.png Table 1: List of covariates and descriptive statistics * https://scispace.com/papers/invisible-control-of-self-organizing-agents-leaving-unknown-3gzkj5bjc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-model-parameters-36vdavdq.png Table 5.1 Model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-setting-0-no-exit-is-visible-here-microscopic-1zpwxtt8.png Fig. 5.1. Setting 0 (no exit is visible here). Microscopic dynamics. The crowd is initially confined in the green dashed square. Leaders’ trajectories are in magenta, followers’ are in blue. Final positions of followers are in red. Left: no leaders. Center: 5 leaders moving rightward all the time. Right: 5 leaders moving rightward, disappearing after a short time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-number-of-leaders-versus-percentage-of-runs-where-27s8kc7a.png Table 5.2 Number of leaders versus percentage of runs where consensus is reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5-setting-1-occupancy-of-the-exits-visibility-zone-s-2cb825hj.png Fig. 6.5. Setting 1. Occupancy of the exit’s visibility zone Σ, dotted lines, and percentage of evacuated mass, star lines, as function of time. Left: histograms for the case without leaders (percentage of evacuated mass 41.2%). Center: histograms for leaders moving with the go-to-target strategy (percentage of evacuated mass 71.3%). Right: histograms for leaders with an optimal strategy (percentage of evacuated mass 85.2%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-setting-2-microscopic-simulation-first-row-no-119lfx0v.png Fig. 6.6. Setting 2. Microscopic simulation. First row: no leaders (video). Second row: two leaders and go-to-target strategy (video). Third row: two leaders and best strategy computed by the compass search (video). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-setting-1-microscopic-dynamics-first-row-no-leaders-1dl6bcmw.png Fig. 6.2. Setting 1. Microscopic dynamics. First row: no leaders. Second row: three leaders, go-to-target strategy. Third row: three leaders, optimal strategy (compass search). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-setting-1-left-initial-positions-of-followers-30hr9fet.png Fig. 6.1. Setting 1. Left: initial positions of followers (circles) and leaders (squares). Right: uniform density of followers and the microscopic leaders (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-7-setting-3-exit-is-visible-from-any-point-left-7uly1ucy.png Fig. 6.7. Setting 3 (exit is visible from any point). Left: evacuation with no leaders. Center: evacuation with 3 leaders. Right: percentage of evacuation failures as a function of the number of leaders, for Nf=30, 50, 70. https://scispace.com/papers/inxal1-xn-chiral-nanorods-mimicking-the-polarization-3qnfpdkjj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-image-of-a-left-handed-chiral-lm-of-columnar-bu8xxru1.png Figure 1. SEM image of a left-handed chiral lm of columnar InxAl1−xN (left) and a schematic visualization of the compositional gradient within each InxAl1−xN nanorod (right). Th gradient is shown only for 1.5 turns whereas the actual samples consist of nominally 5 turns. Blue and red colors refer to InN and AlN, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mueller-matrix-of-a-left-handed-inxal1-xn-chiral-1dqztjnc.png Figure 6. Mueller matrix of a left-handed InxAl1−xN chiral nanorod lm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-degree-of-circular-polarization-pc-of-c-aurata-1mbnio4l.png Figure 7. Left: Degree of circular polarization, Pc of C. aurata . Right: Degree of circular polarization, Pc of a right-handed InxAl1−xN chiral nanorod lm (blue) and a left-handed InxAl1−xN chiral nanorod lm (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mueller-matrix-of-the-scutellum-of-a-c-aurata-3a6rxtn4.png Figure 4. Mueller matrix of the scutellum of a C. aurata . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mueller-matrix-of-a-right-handed-inxal1-xn-chiral-26i6rf88.png Figure 5. Mueller matrix of a right-handed InxAl1−xN chiral nanorod lm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-image-of-a-cetonia-aurata-cuticle-and-a-1zvb4wxp.png Figure 3. SEM image of a Cetonia aurata cuticle and a schematic description of its layered Bouligand structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photograph-of-cetonia-aurata-3o2uf2j0.png Figure 2. Photograph of Cetonia aurata https://scispace.com/papers/ionic-liquids-breakdown-by-fenton-oxidation-4ou6kakons 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-respirometric-profiles-circles-and-evolution-of-toc-2yuh8w3d.png Figure 5. Respirometric profiles (circles) and evolution of TOC (squares) in the biological batch runs with the starting ILs solutions (solid symbols) and the effluents from Fenton oxidation in the conditions of Figure 3 (open symbols). https://scispace.com/papers/ionization-avalanching-in-clusters-ignited-by-extreme-2nb7bjqbex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-molecular-dynamics-simulations-on-ar3871-a-30-fs-xuv-34p6rzi4.png FIG. 3. Molecular dynamics simulations on Ar3871. A 30 fs XUV seed pulse at ℏω ¼ 20 eV (IXUV ¼ 2.5 × 1010 W=cm2) is followed by a 1 ps NIR pulse (delayed by ≈1 ps) at 800 nm (with intensities as indicated). (a) Average inner charge state, hqiii, and predicted final effective charge state, hqeffi, when taking into account electron-ion recombination (the gray area). (Insets) The corresponding simulated final effective ion charge spectra. (b) Temporal evolution of inner ionization (the solid curves) and root-mean-square cluster radius (the dashed curves); the inset shows the evolution of inner ionization during the seeding step and the subsequent avalanching process for the highest intensity on a logarithmic scale. The black dashed curve corresponds to an exponential growth. (c) Dynamics of the predicted Mie frequency ℏωmie of the nanoplasma (the solid curves) and evolution of the total energy absorption (the dashed curves). The gray areas indicate the intensity envelopes of the XUV and NIR fields. The dash-dotted horizontal line corresponds to the NIR photon energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-scheme-of-the-two-color-cluster-ionization-processes-2zlv96nt.png FIG. 2. (a) Scheme of the two-color cluster ionization processes, in which the cluster is ignited by a moderately intense XUV pulse in step (1), leading to the formation of a nanoplasma [step (2)]. Neutral atoms are shown in blue, ions in red, and electrons in black. In step (3), a time-delayed NIR pulse initially interacts with quasifree electrons and electrons that are weakly bound by atoms. Because of IBS heating, avalanching, and resonance effects, the cluster is strongly ionized [step (4)]. (b) Schematic of the NIR and XUV spatial profiles at the focus for Gaussian pulses. Since the XUV pulse (the black curves) has a much smaller focus diameter than the NIR pulse (the orange curves), focal volume averaging over different NIR intensities is avoided in the experiment. It is, furthermore, possible to restrict the ionization with NIR pulses to clusters where a nanoplasma is formed (the green area), i.e., to the region of the highest XUV intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ion-tof-spectra-from-ar-clusters-with-an-average-2fuegyxt.png FIG. 1. (a) Ion TOF spectra from Ar clusters with an average size of hNi ¼ 3500 atoms ionized by an XUV pulse only (IXUV ¼ 2 × 1010 W=cm2), and with an additional NIR pulse at a time delay of 5 ps (INIR ¼ 5 × 1013 W=cm2 or INIR ¼ 3 × 1012 W=cm2). The different TOF spectra are plotted with a vertical offset. (b) The black curve shows the electron spectrum from clusters obtained by the XUV pulse only. An additional NIR pulse at a time delay of 600 fs and at a peak intensity of 5 × 1013 W=cm2 (the orange curve) strongly enhances the electron signal. The vertical axis has a logarithmic scale. (Inset) A photoelectron spectrum for the ionization of atomic Ar, with the main contributions coming from the 11th, 13th, 15th, and 17th harmonics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ion-charge-state-distributions-from-ar-clusters-with-cuvx5h12.png FIG. 4. Ion charge-state distributions from Ar clusters with hNi ¼ 18000 atoms at different NIR intensities. An XUV pulse (I ¼ 2 × 1010 W=cm2) preceeds the NIR pulse by 5 ps. The average charge state increases as a function of the NIR intensity and is peaked at Ar7þ for an intensity of 3 × 1013 W=cm2. The ion signal is shown in a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/papers/ionizing-feedback-from-an-o-star-formed-in-a-filament-3bhabisrzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-acronyms-and-mathematical-symbols-22n7hkub.png Table 1. Definitions of acronyms and mathematical symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-full-curves-show-numerical-integrations-of-3ue4wzcx.png Figure 3. The full curves show numerical integrations of equation (53) for KO = 09.5, 13.4, 19.0, 26.9and38.0; this gives the thickness of the SCL as a function of time, in dimensionless units. The dashed curves show the approximate asymptotic solution (equation 55) for the same values of KO . https://scispace.com/papers/ionizing-radiation-effect-of-hdpe-measured-by-nano-hardness-2hwzvd5zno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hardness-vs-irradiation-doses-fig-4-indentation-2xphodgx.png Fig. 3 Hardness vs. irradiation doses Fig. 4 Indentation modulus EIT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-indentation-characteristic-of-irradiated-hdpe-3ugjporm.png Fig. 2 Indentation characteristic of irradiated HDPE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-of-electron-rays-a-and-design-of-gamma-rays-b-3n7hm6lb.png Fig. 1 Design of Electron rays (a) and Design of Gamma rays (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-indentation-curve-creep-fig-6-indentation-creep-of-1ocsipgq.png Fig. 5 Indentation curve (creep) Fig. 6 Indentation creep of HDPE vs. irradiation doses https://scispace.com/papers/ip-subnet-aware-routing-in-wdm-mesh-networks-3qyw1yvecs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-figure-5-after-transformation-2-172p6meo.png Fig. 6. Figure 5 after Transformation 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mobiflex-network-transformation-bzgd65ar.png Fig. 8. MöbiFlex Network Transformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-figure-4-after-transformation-1-1o8ouyjf.png Fig. 5. Figure (4) after Transformation 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-max-requirement-for-first-10-shortest-paths-over-all-96fkonvs.png Fig. 11. Max requirement for first 10 shortest paths over all pairs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-average-requirement-for-shortest-path-among-all-pairs-2nj9ai7f.png Fig. 10. Average requirement for shortest path among all pairs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-wdm-mesh-network-a-1emefspy.png Fig. 1. Example WDM Mesh Network A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-network-in-figure-3-a-after-network-transformation-30hrc6ja.png Fig. 7. Network in Figure 3(a) after Network Transformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-max-resource-requirement-for-shortest-path-among-all-16j81dkb.png Fig. 9. Max resource requirement for shortest path among all pairs https://scispace.com/papers/ipf-in-place-x-filling-algorithm-for-the-reliability-of-19oh4itpy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-lut-and-interconnect-analysis-based-1znme7al.png Fig. 2. Overview of the LUT and interconnect analysis-based IPF algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-given-the-same-functionality-and-topology-different-vgesb94c.png Fig. 1. Given the same functionality and topology, different implementations yield different failure rates due to the assignment of the SDC bit. (a) Failure rate = 0.2031. (b) Failure rate = 0.1875. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-runtime-comparison-of-synthesis-based-seu-mitigation-1crfa4sl.png Fig. 4. Runtime comparison of synthesis-based SEU mitigation techniques at the circuit level for the 6-LUT mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-failure-rate-comparison-of-synthesis-based-seu-2lvzvdzh.png Fig. 3. Failure rate comparison of synthesis-based SEU mitigation techniques at the circuit level for the 6-LUT mapping. https://scispace.com/papers/ipo-waves-product-market-competition-and-the-going-public-f47wmtti90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-the-lrd-sample-guwniodr.png Table 2: Summary Statistics of the LRD Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-industry-concentration-post-ipo-operating-ppyhi59o.png Table 8: Industry Concentration, Post-IPO Operating Performance, Industry Clusteredness of IPOs, and the Order of Going Public in an IPO Wave https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-factor-productivity-tfp-industry-ipo-20gyqjwx.png Table 5: Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Industry IPO Clusteredness, and the Order of Going Public in a Wave This table presents OLS regressions of total factor productivity (TFP) on the three measures of industry IPO clusteredness and the three measures of the order of going public within an IPO wave. The sample consists of U.S. manufacturing firms in the LRD that went public between 1972 and 2000. TFP is the value weighted average of plant level Total Factor Productivity at the four digit SIC level, where one regresses the value of output (total value of shipments adjusted for changes in inventories) on labor (production worker equivalent man hours), capital stock, and material inputs (intermediate inputs, fuels, and energy consumed). The three industry IPO clusteredness measures and the three measures for the order of going public within an IPO wave are defined as in Table 1. Log (capital stock) is the natural logarithm of firm capital stock in thousands of dollars, where capital stock is constructed via the perpetual inventory method and is the sum of building assets plus machinery assets. Log (age) is the number of years since the birth of the first plant of the firm as recorded in the Census data. Years from IPO year are a series of dummies to indicate the gap between the current year and the IPO year of the firm. Model (1) to (3) studies the TFP of IPO firms only in the years before going public, while the rest of the models study the TFP of IPO firms in all years before and after going public. Panel A presents the results for the three measures of industry IPO clusteredness and Panel B presents the results for the three measures of the order of going public within an IPO wave. Panel A analyzes all firms that went public during the sample period, while Panel B analyzes only firms that went public within IPO waves that include at least 5 same-industry IPOs. All models control for industry (FF-49 level) and IPO-year fixed effect. White standard errors, clustered at the firm level, adjusted for possible correlation within the cluster (Rogers standard errors) are reported. Heteroskedasticity-robust t-statistics are reported in parentheses. ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1, 5, and 10 percent levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequence-of-events-4x3nwvd1.png Figure 1: Sequence of Events https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-other-firms-ipos-and-the-market-204tj64q.png Table 4: Relationship between Other Firms’ IPOs and the Market Share Growth of Private and Public Competitors https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-post-ipo-operating-performance-industry-1tqv3x0q.png Table 6: Post-IPO Operating Performance, Industry Clusteredness of IPOs, and the Order of Going Public in an IPO Wave https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-market-share-and-its-relationship-to-a6xx5qoc.png Figure 3: Evolution of market share and its relationship to the going public decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-post-ipo-cash-balance-industry-clusteredness-of-ipos-9qx3x4qw.png Table 7: Post-IPO Cash Balance, Industry Clusteredness of IPOs, and the Order of Going Public in an IPO Wave https://scispace.com/papers/ireland-s-eu-referendum-experience-5gb2bl34v4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-european-referendum-results-1972-2008-1vlwgg4j.png Table 1. European referendum results, 1972–2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-referendums-in-ireland-per-decade-2pw3ivxl.png Figure 2. Number of referendums in Ireland per decade. https://scispace.com/papers/irish-ice-sheet-dynamics-during-deglaciation-of-the-central-36w2tz39v1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-lidar-dtm-closeups-and-interpretations-of-hummocky-3pmvxqbb.png Fig. 12. LiDAR DTM closeups and interpretations of hummocky terrain types. (A) and (B) HT1. 1006 (C) and (D) HT2. (E) and (F) HT3. TWO-COLUMN WIDTH 1007 1008 https://scispace.com/papers/irisin-and-fibronectin-type-iii-domain-containing-5-2blf0epfg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gene-expression-of-fndc5-immediately-post-exercise-3ttmes1z.png Figure 5. Gene expression of FNDC5 immediately post-exercise and 3 h post-exercise normalized to pre-exercise. Data are mean ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-norepinephrine-plasma-concentrations-without-plasma-w0xnu3gd.png Figure 4. Norepinephrine plasma concentrations without plasma volume shift corrections (A) and after correcting for plasma volume shifts (B), * p < 0.05 from pre-exercise, † p < 0.05 from hot, ‡ p < 0.05 from post-exercise. Data are mean ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-epinephrine-plasma-concentrations-without-plasma-1lx10g5y.png Figure 3. Epinephrine plasma concentrations without plasma volume shift corrections (A) and after correcting for plasma volume shifts (B), * p < 0.05 from pre-exercise, † p < 0.05 from hot, ‡ p < 0.05 from post-exercise. Data are mean ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-core-temperature-during-exercise-and-recovery-where-1yvpx9ac.png Figure 1. Core temperature during exercise and recovery where * p < 0.05 is from RT and cold. Data are mean ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-irisin-plasma-concentrations-without-plasma-volume-2v5ara8q.png Figure 2. Irisin plasma concentrations without plasma volume shift corrections (A) and after correcting for plasma volume shifts (B), * p < 0.05 from post-exercise. Data are mean ± SE. https://scispace.com/papers/iron-surfactant-nanocomposite-catalyzed-benzylic-oxidation-bpdbkd8kqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subtrate-scopea-1nkkwd5q.png Table 2. Subtrate scopea https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-reaction-conditionsa-3pzwu2it.png Table 1. Optimization of reaction conditionsa https://scispace.com/papers/is-addiction-rational-theory-and-evidence-4mk4e0hyw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-tax-announcement-on-smoking-fixed-effects-3ghjucii.png Table 4: Effect of Tax Announcement on Smoking - Fixed Effects Models Aggregate Sales Data Natality Consumption Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-price-responses-this-period-next-period-3gywta5z.png Table 7: Summary of price responses this period next period https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-optimal-taxes-for-various-values-of-d-and-a-s-mrnwg79v.png Table 6: Optimal taxes for various values of d and A*S https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-length-of-time-between-enactment-and-effective-dates-3qpyf7vf.png Table 2: Length of Time Between Enactment and Effective Dates of Excise Tax Increases 1973-1996 1982-1996 1989-1996 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-of-the-analysis-samples-1ywztgtd.png Table 3: Means of the Analysis Samples https://scispace.com/papers/is-bigger-really-better-obesity-among-high-school-football-44aw3zqbj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-percent-of-girls-n-3345-playing-each-sport-by-24hzz1f7.png Table 2a. Percent of girls (n=3345) playing each sport, by demographic characteristics. P-value represents adjusted Wald test for difference in participation by demographics. https://scispace.com/papers/is-energy-efficiency-priced-in-the-housing-market-some-1cyt9x1pbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-of-dwellings-and-epc-rating-399jpx8x.png Table 3: Age of Dwellings and EPC Rating https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-energy-rating-and-price-hedonic-estimations-1fr0lxsl.png Table 5 Energy Rating and Price: Hedonic Estimations (dependent variable: price per sq.m.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dwelling-type-by-epc-rating-1-19dc54sx.png Table 2: Dwelling Type by EPC Rating 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-prices-of-dwellings-with-repeat-sales-by-epc-2rqlmwah.png Table 1: Mean Prices of Dwellings with Repeat Sales by EPC Rating https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-dwelling-age-and-dwelling-size-2gya55ps.png Table 4 Relationship between Dwelling Age and Dwelling Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-energy-rating-and-price-appreciation-repeat-sales-pganl142.png Table 6 Energy Rating and Price Appreciation: Repeat Sales Estimations (dependent variable: change in price per sq.m.) https://scispace.com/papers/is-innovation-king-at-the-antitrust-agencies-the-q4pow110wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-challenges-to-mergers-and-acquisitions-fy-1990-fy-fswfgk8f.png Table 2 Challenges to Mergers and Acquisitions: FY 1990 FY 1994 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-challenges-to-mergers-and-acquisitions-fy-1995-fy-lcaribpf.png Table 1 Challenges to Mergers and Acquisitions: FY 1995 FY 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/is-machine-learning-software-just-software-a-maintainability-wjc6kbn6jq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-relationships-between-quality-attributes-3p6m4ouh.png Table 1. Summary of relationships between quality attributes and ML features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-ml-training-process-and-the-search-196sneer.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the ML training process and the search for a good model. https://scispace.com/papers/is-mass-transfer-in-secondary-organic-aerosol-particles-1899s14i4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-of-dcs-over-time-to-the-value-of-dcs-upon-22yxtign.png Figure 8. Ratio of dcs over time to the value of dcs upon first dilution in the chamber at low and high mass loadings. At lower loading, the change in dcs is larger, indicating that particles surfaces are not depleted of volatile material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-equilibration-time-scales-for-aerosol-systems-of-1wt4tril.png Figure 9. Equilibration time scales for aerosol systems of different diameters and particle loadings using α = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mass-concentration-evolution-during-preliminary-vwbx6igu.png Figure 4. The mass concentration evolution during preliminary measurements of the production of SOA in the oxidation reactor as a function of time and variables (UV: ultraviolet radiation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-sd-conditions-and-results-of-chamber-3qoyca7u.png Table 3. Mean(± SD) conditions and results of chamber experiments under all conditions. Csat and evaporation coefficient SD based on perturbation analysis (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-raw-and-wall-deposition-corrected-dcs-for-a-14zcrrb4.png Figure 5. The raw and wall deposition-corrected dcs for a typical experiment. After an initial period in which evaporation dominates, a steady rise in dcs due to wall deposition takes over. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-evolution-of-the-condensation-sink-diameter-ftm1qcz5.png Figure 1: The evolution of the condensation sink diameter after dilution and the model fit with α = 0.16. The figure also shows the model evaporation with α = 1, where a more rapid equilibration occurs, and Csat = 0.5 × Csat, where equilibration is achieved with a smaller change in dcs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-particle-size-distribution-of-a-pinene-soa-and-j1rj8sta.png Figure 6. Particle size distribution of α-pinene SOA and engine SOA inside OFR under low and high humidity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-size-distribution-of-soa-in-the-reactor-the-results-umqnj546.png Table 2. Size distribution of SOA in the reactor. The results at 10% RH are the means of 5 measurements using α-pinene and 6 measurements using engine exhaust. The results at 60% RH are the means of 5 measurements using either precursor. Reported as mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/papers/is-pain-in-patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-neuropathic-1d74qs51hq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classification-of-pain-37v51s8v.png Figure 4. Classification of pain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-classification-of-neuropathic-pain-2xzlj3me.png Figure 5. Classification of neuropathic pain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensory-pathways-1bj1563r.png Figure 3. Sensory pathways. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sensory-fibres-in-dorsal-horn-23kaztwj.png Figure 2. Sensory fibres in dorsal horn. https://scispace.com/papers/is-socioeconomic-position-associated-with-bronchiolitis-1kz257g8jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-irrs-from-multivariable-harmonic-poisson-regression-20t1pt02.png Table 2. IRRs from multivariable harmonic Poisson regression model with 95% confidence intervals Variable IRR (95% CI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-births-and-bronchiolitis-admissions-yzf8m3uf.png Table 1. Distribution of births and bronchiolitis admissions in the cohort, with bronchiolitis admission rates per 1000 infant-years https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-derived-average-annual-seasonal-estimates-following-2u3yif31.png Table 3. Derived average annual seasonal estimates following Poisson regression*, by IMD group IMD groups Amplitude** https://scispace.com/papers/is-the-ring-inside-or-outside-the-planet-the-effect-of-1lzrhi7d00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-showing-how-the-gas-profile-changes-in-the-1a83r0wp.png Figure 4. Graph showing how the gas profile changes in the presence of a 60M⊕ planet migrating at the Type I rate. Initially a single density maximum forms but over time a second density maximum forms while the first develops into a point of inflection. The dotted lines show the planet location. The planet is initially at Rp = 1. The axes are in code units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-pressure-profile-normalised-k1hx8uvx.png Figure 5. Time evolution of the pressure profile (normalised by the unperturbed value at R = 1) for the 12M⊕ planet. As the planet migrates inwards, it transitions from creating a point of inflection (traffic jam) to a pressure maximum (dust trap) exterior to the planet due to the decrease in the disc aspect ratio (see Section 3.1). The vertical dashed lines show the location of the planet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-location-of-the-peak-dust-density-against-stokes-3pcidw1a.png Figure 11. Location of the peak dust density against Stokes number at various times in the simulation of a migrating 30 M⊕ planet when the planet is at Rp = 0.8 (blue), 0.7 (orange), 0.6 (green) and 0.5 (red). The dotted lines show the location of the planet. At small Stokes numbers the dust peak is interior to the planet and roughly at the same location while at higher Stokes numbers the peak is exterior to the planet. As the Stokes number (and hence dust size) increases, the location of the peak dust ring sharply moves to larger radial distances. Note that when the planet is at Rp = 0.8, the dust density interior and exterior to the planet are roughly equal for St = 6 × 10−2, so two dust rings are evident (as can be seen by the orange and green lines in the fourth panel of Figure 9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dust-density-profile-for-the-migrating-30-m-planet-1e37h6o9.png Figure 6. Dust density profile for the migrating 30 M⊕ planet simulation (blue) compared to the stationary planet simulation (red). In both cases the planet is at Rp = 0.75. The top five panels show the dust profiles for various different Stokes numbers while the lower panel shows the pressure profiles. The migrating planet simulation shows an additional pressure trap interior to the planet in the form of a point of inflection (at R ≈ 0.6). The exterior pressure trap is weaker in the migrating planet simulation which results in less dust being trapped. The snapshots of each simulation are at identical times (t = 320 orbits at the planet’s initial location). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-showing-the-migration-timescale-ti-as-measured-2z4ixlyb.png Table 1. Table showing the migration timescale, τI , as measured from the simulations and the analytical values given by equation 8. The measured values are within a factor of 2 of the analytical estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dust-density-profile-for-the-migrating-top-panel-15lsmqsa.png Figure 8. Dust density profile for the migrating (top panel) and stationary (bottom panel) 30 M⊕ planet simulations for particles of various Stokes numbers. The dashed line shows the planet location while the dotted lines show the location of the pressure perturbations. For stationary planets the peak in the dust occurs close to the same location for all sizes which is close to the location of the pressure maximum. However, for migrating planets dust maxima interior and exterior to the planet do not necessarily line up exactly for different grain sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dust-density-rendered-simulation-image-of-the-disc-c7jbac4p.png Figure 7. Dust density rendered simulation image of the disc with a 30M⊕ migrating planet at Rp = 0.75 for dust with Stokes numbers of 0.02 (left) and 0.2 (right). The small dust forms a ring interior to the planet while the large dust forms a ring exterior to it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gas-surface-density-solid-lines-and-pressure-dashed-9l8prysi.png Figure 1. Gas surface density (solid lines) and pressure (dashed lines) profiles for 12, 20, 30 and 60 M⊕ planets at Rp = 0.75. The stationary planet is in red and the migrating planet is in blue. The dotted line shows the initial surface density profile. The effect of migration is firstly to reduce the effect of the planet’s perturbation on the gas disc exterior to the planet, and secondly to modify the pressure perturbation interior to it for low mass planets. The magenta line in the top right panel shows the gas profile for a planet migrating approximately three times faster than the Type I rate. https://scispace.com/papers/is-there-a-difference-between-solicited-and-unsolicited-bank-558nphlli8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-determinants-of-bank-individual-ratings-test-of-the-26o9hppa.png Table 8 Determinants of bank individual ratings: test of the public disclosure hypothesis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-banks-characteristics-in-the-solicited-2hj8ubgw.png Table 4 Comparison of banks characteristics in the solicited and unsolicited groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-determinants-of-bank-individual-ratings-endogenous-70yz2cxu.png Table 7 Determinants of bank individual ratings: endogenous switching regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-determinants-of-bank-individual-ratings-ordinary-1u8u1q5v.png Table 9 Determinants of bank individual ratings: ordinary least squares and ordered probit regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-bank-characteristics-1r7zhin1.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics of bank characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-bank-individual-ratings-ordinary-2ut30rzw.png Table 5 Determinants of bank individual ratings: ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-sample-bank-individual-ratings-by-rtsitfju.png Table 1 Distribution of sample bank individual ratings by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-sample-bank-individual-ratings-by-1z6t2zi7.png Table 2 Distribution of sample bank individual ratings by rating level https://scispace.com/papers/is-there-a-causal-effect-of-high-school-math-on-labor-market-y6dmy777mq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-content-of-math-courses-1t5w1757.png Figure 1. Overview of the Content of Math Courses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-of-the-causal-effect-of-high-level-math-26yh94tm.png Table 4. Estimation of the Causal Effect of High Level Math on Labor Market Income for High School Graduates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-of-high-school-proximity-and-28rf6lzv.png Table 5. Descriptive Statistics of High School Proximity and Choices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-dependent-and-explanatory-3otdnbgz.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of Dependent and Explanatory Variables for Estimation Sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-advanced-course-choices-by-pilotschool-1s00m9jb.png Figure 3b. Advanced Course Choices, by PilotSchool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-distribution-of-branch-choices-by-pilotschool-1pbdmmf3.png Figure 3b. Advanced Course Choices, by PilotSchool. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-estimates-of-the-causal-pz2uu08g.png Table 6. Sensitivity Analysis of the Estimates of the Causal Effect of High Level Math on Labor Market Income. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-labor-market-and-6rqg6k2b.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Labor Market and Educational Outcomes. https://scispace.com/papers/is-there-a-homogeneous-causality-pattern-between-oil-prices-3gqid38vqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-results-oil-importing-economies-10i6zcsb.png Table 3: Empirical results – oil-importing economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-results-oil-exporting-economies-1vp0ahj6.png Table 2: Empirical results – oil-exporting economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-description-33u9hfx4.png Table 1: Data description https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-smoothed-probabilities-for-regime-1-for-each-yehejwt9.png Figure 4: Smoothed probabilities for regime 1 for each country https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-logarithms-of-13-cpi-series-3m87i607.png Figure 3: Logarithms of 13 CPI series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-logarithms-of-different-oil-price-series-12jd6vxw.png Figure 1: Logarithms of different oil price series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-series-of-logarithms-of-12-currencies-against-the-92qns4yj.png Figure 2: Series of logarithms of 12 currencies against the US dollar https://scispace.com/papers/islamic-education-in-belgium-past-present-and-future-4b9i0nvdd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-religious-classes-in-brussels-capital-state-schools-3sz5pp8l.png Table 1: Religious classes in Brussels Capital (state schools), 2013-14 https://scispace.com/papers/isobaric-vapor-liquid-equilibrium-data-and-excess-properties-2oghgxmu3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficients-and-standard-deviations-s-obtained-3tcrwwjj.png Table 4. Coefficients and Standard Deviations,σ, Obtained Using Equation 1 To Correlate the Excess PropertiesVm E and Hm E https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representation-of-experimental-vle-values-o-y1-x1-2x7d0kag.png Figure 6. Representation of experimental VLE values:O, (y1 - x1) vs x1 and4, T vs x1, y1 for binary mixtures HCOO(CH2)u-1CH3 (1) + C6CH14 (2). (a) For u ) 1. (b) Foru ) 2. (c) Foru ) 3. (d) Foru ) 4. Dashed lines represent the estimated curves with the UNIFAC model:- -, ref 15; - - -, ref 16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vapor-pressures-lines-in-reduced-coordinates-for-3m1u6ibw.png Figure 4. Vapor pressures lines in reduced coordinates for alkyl methanoates HCOO(CH2)u-1CH3 and hexane. Labels indicate theu values. Situation of azeotropic point in reduced coordinates for the binary (methyl methanoate+ hexane):O, this work;×, from ref 8; (ethyl methanoate+ hexane):), this work;+, from ref 3; and (propyl methanoate+ hexane): https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-experimental-values-and-correlation-curves-ofhm-e-11v6t685.png Figure 3. (a) Experimental values and correlation curves ofHm E vs x1 for binary mixtures HCOO(CH2)u-1CH3 (1) + CH3(CH2)4CH3 (2). Labels indicateu values.b, at 291.15 K;O, at 318.15 K;- -, at 298.15 K (refs 9 and 12). (b) Variation of equimolar enthalpies as a function ofu and temperature:b, at 291.15 K;+, at 298.15 K;O, at 318.15 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coefficientsa-b-and-c-of-the-antoine-equation-log-2usi9ord.png Table 5. CoefficientsA, B, and C of the Antoine Equation, log( p°i/kPa) ) A - B/(T/K) - C] and Acentric Factors for Pure Compounds Used in This Work To Calculate the Activity Coefficientsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-pure-compounds-1zsz2h9u.png Table 1. Physical Properties of Pure Compounds https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-densitiesg-and-excess-molar-volumesvm-e-for-binary-3kcsvf4d.png Table 2. DensitiesG and Excess Molar VolumesVm E for Binary Systems of Alkyl Methanoate (1) + Hexane (2) at Three Different Temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-experimental-data-and-calculated-quantities-for-the-1006p0a9.png Table 6. Experimental Data and Calculated Quantities for the Isobaric VLE of the Binary Mixtures of Alkyl Methanoate (1) + Hexane (2) at 101.32 kPa https://scispace.com/papers/isolation-and-molecular-characterization-of-salmonella-239nthkjb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dendrograms-of-xbai-pfge-analysis-a-and-dendrograms-of-1tupx5yt.png Fig. 1. Dendrograms of XbaI-PFGE analysis (a) and Dendrograms of MLVA analysis (b) of clinical and poultry house isolates of S. Enteritidis generated by BioNumerics software version-6. For the antibiotic susceptibility test (AST), the red color indicates resistance to the corresponding antimicrobials, the green color indicates intermediate susceptibility and light blue color indicates susceptibility. For the detection of virulence genes, the dark blue indicates the presence of the gene while yellow indicates the absence of the gene. The size of any detected plasmids and their identified replicon types are indicated. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-continued-u8uhr4uk.png Fig. 1. Dendrograms of XbaI-PFGE analysis (a) and Dendrograms of MLVA analysis (b) of clinical and poultry house isolates of S. Enteritidis generated by BioNumerics software version-6. For the antibiotic susceptibility test (AST), the red color indicates resistance to the corresponding antimicrobials, the green color indicates intermediate susceptibility and light blue color indicates susceptibility. For the detection of virulence genes, the dark blue indicates the presence of the gene while yellow indicates the absence of the gene. The size of any detected plasmids and their identified replicon types are indicated. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plasmid-analysis-a-and-southern-hybridization-of-s-2ilok9ls.png Fig. 3. Plasmid analysis (a) and Southern hybridization of S. Enteritidis after hybridization with a nonradioactive IncFIIA(FIIs) gene probe (b). Lane STD, size marker (supercoiled DNA molecular weight marker, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA); lane 1, strain 247110; lane 2, strain 2481110; lane 3, strain 2491110; lane 4, strain 2501110; lane 5, strain 2731110; lane 6, strain 2741110; lane 7, strain 2771110; lane 8, strain 2781110; lane 9, strain 2791110; lane 10, strain 2801110; lane 11, strain 2811110; lane 12, strain 2821110; lane 13, strain 2871110. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-amplified-dna-in-the-1ysakga3.png Fig. 2. Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified DNA in the simplex PCR protocol from S. Enteritidis strain 247110 using specific primers (Table 1) for virulence genes. Lane, 1 and 18, 100 bp ladder, Lane 2 to 17 PCR products of (from left to right) pefA, tolC, msgA, sopB, orgA, sifA, pagC, spaN, spiA, lpfC, spvB, prgH, sitC, sipB, invA, iroN virulence genes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-mlva-profiles-in-the-pulsenet-national-13htjj1l.png Table 3 Prevalence of MLVA profiles in the PulseNet national MLVA database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-used-in-pcr-for-detection-of-virulence-genes-14mosi8l.png Table 1 Primers used in PCR for detection of virulence genes in S. Enteritidis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primers-used-in-pcr-for-detection-of-plasmid-1dsh80cr.png Table 2 Primers used in PCR for detection of plasmid replicon typing in S. Enteritidis. https://scispace.com/papers/isolated-photon-measurements-in-pp-and-pbpb-collisions-with-20wxclbc5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-phjg-width-rjg-and-xjg-in-pp-and-pbpb-1gvw820o.png Figure 1. Comparison of ∆φJγ width, RJγ and 〈xJγ〉 in pp and PbPb collisions. The shaded boxes represent the systematic uncertainty while the lines through the points represent the statistical uncertainty.[12] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ratio-of-jet-yield-in-pbpb-to-smeared-pp-the-shaded-3f2a4jr4.png Figure 4. Ratio of jet yield in PbPb to smeared pp. The shaded boxes represent the systematic uncertainty while the lines through the points represent the statistical uncertainty.[12] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-jet-over-photon-transverse-momentum-ratio-uoc93ofn.png Figure 3. Average jet over photon transverse momentum ratio (〈xJγ〉) of the recoiled jets in (left) pPb, unsmeared pp, and pythia+hijing, (middle) smeared pp and peripheral PbPb, and (right) smeared pp and central PbPb. The shaded boxes represent the systematic uncertainty while the lines through the points represent the statistical uncertainty.[12] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-photons-associated-to-a-jet-rjg-as-a-1mjnnx2o.png Figure 2. Fraction of photons associated to a jet (RJγ) as a function of leading photon pT in (left) pPb, unsmeared pp, and pythia+hijing, (middle) smeared pp and peripheral PbPb, and (right) smeared pp and central PbPb. The shaded boxes represent the systematic uncertainty while the lines through the points represent the statistical uncertainty.[12] https://scispace.com/papers/isomerization-and-fragmentation-of-cyclohexanone-in-a-heated-2njwhyzx7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-heat-of-formation-kcal-mol-1-of-methyl-3lm2rt2j.png Table 4. Calculated Heat of Formation (kcal mol−1) of Methyl Vinyl Ketone and the s-trans-1-Enol from Isodesmic Reactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-calculated-thermal-correction-energies-kcal-mol-1-3u1suzc8.png Table 5. Calculated Thermal Correction Energies (kcal mol−1) and Heats of Formation (kcal mol−1) of MVK at 298 K https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-detected-products-from-1200-k-pyrolysis-of-1fexc8bz.png Table 6. Detected Products from 1200 K Pyrolysis of Cyclohexanone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photoionization-mass-spectrum-from-pulsed-118-2-nm-3a06j58m.png Figure 1. Photoionization mass spectrum from pulsed 118.2 nm PIMS. Mixture is 0.03% cyclohexanone in He heated up to 1100 K in a pulsed microreactor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photoionization-mass-spectrum-9-0-ev-of-ekjd2kis.png Figure 2. Photoionization mass spectrum (9.0 eV) of cyclohexanone in He heated to 1200 K in a continuous flow microreactor. The top insets show the PIE(m/z 98). The appearance energy of 8.2 ± 0.1 eV is an upper bound to IE(C6H9−OH). The PIE(m/z 70) has an appearance energy of 8.8 ± 0.1 eV in agreement with that of IE(CH2C(OH)− CHCH2); see Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-photoionization-mass-spectrum-of-cyclohexanone-d0-ki96dr9e.png Figure 11. Photoionization mass spectrum of cyclohexanone d0/d4 crossover experiment at 118.2 nm (10.487 eV) in a pulsed microreactor. The feature atm/z 99 is the 13C isotope peak of C6H10O andm/z 101 is a contamination of cyclohexanone d4 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photoionization-mass-spectra-at-10-1-ev-of-30taz0nh.png Figure 4. Photoionization mass spectra at 10.1 eV of cyclohexanone at 1200 K in a continuous flowmicroreactor. The inset at the top shows the PIE(m/z 41) and PIE(m/z 42); the thresholds for both of these ions confirm the presence of CH2CHCH2 and CH2CO (see Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photoionization-mass-spectra-at-10-0-ev-of-an-1y6t4pvr.png Figure 5. Photoionization mass spectra at 10.0 eV of an authentic sample of CH3COCHCH2 (MVK) at room temperature, 1200 K, and 1300 K in a continuous flow SiC microreactor. https://scispace.com/papers/isospin-breaking-vector-meson-decay-constants-from-4zwnean9dl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fesr-pac-man-contour-3c6xf0h7.png FIG. 1. The FESR ‘‘Pac-man’’ contour. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-for-thed56-vsa-violation-parameter-red-and-wymvg9rc.png TABLE I. Results for theD56 VSA-violation parameter, red , and the spectral strength parameters,f r , f v , f f and f r8v8 , as a function of the isospin-breaking mass ratio,r. The first line, for each value ofr, corresponds to the results obtained using the sing pinch weight family, the second line to those obtained using double-pinch family. The units off V are GeV 2. https://scispace.com/papers/isothermal-and-anisothermal-implementations-of-2d-shape-32i2fxai3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thermodynamic-problem-mechanical-and-thermal-domain-2c4v0fgl.png Figure 1. Thermodynamic problem - mechanical and thermal domain description and boundary conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-the-impact-force-rj7o0yg5.png Figure 4. Time evolution of the impact force https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-spatial-repartition-of-von-mises-equivalent-stress-238y2uc3.png Figure 14. Spatial repartition of Von Mises equivalent stress at t=1 ms for anisothermal configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-spatial-repartition-of-von-mises-equivalent-stress-sg57mqs7.png Figure 13. Spatial repartition of Von Mises equivalent stress at t=1 ms for isothermal configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-time-evolution-of-von-mises-equivalent-stress-at-26yaieul.png Figure 16. Time evolution of Von Mises equivalent stress at observation points for isothermal and anisothermal configurations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-time-evolution-of-von-mises-equivalent-stress-at-hvvu5nrn.png Figure 15. Time evolution of Von Mises equivalent stress at observation points for linear equivalent model and anisothermal configurations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d-structure-boundary-conditions-external-forces-1t9spva7.png Figure 3. 2D-structure: boundary conditions, external forces, observation points 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-martensite-rate-distribution-at-t-1-ms-end-of-1dxma1bn.png Figure 8. Martensite rate distribution at t = 1 ms (end of impact) for the isothermal configuration https://scispace.com/papers/isotopic-fractionation-of-carbonyl-sulfide-in-the-atmosphere-4ll0lyajz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-enrichment-factors-3q5xqkyr.png Table 1. Calculated Enrichment factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-34s-abundance-in-stratospheric-ocs-as-function-of-3ryjt10z.png Figure 2. 34S abundance in stratospheric OCS as function of the unreacted fraction. The mixing ratio of OCS in the troposphere was assumed to be 0.5. Flights are identified as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-ocs-concentration-as-a-function-of-2us677ad.png Figure 3. Normalized OCS concentration as a function of normalized altitude. zmin in this case is 7.6 km. The solid line is a regression of equation 6 to experimental data. The data used was from the flight launched from Fairbanks Alaska in May, 1997 (AK 970508). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tangent-height-vertical-profiles-for-total-ocs-i-e-3v9b7ej0.png Figure 1. Tangent height vertical profiles for total OCS (i.e.: OC34S + OC32S) partial pressures. The locations and launch dates of the missions are identified in the legend as: MN = Manitoba, Canada; ESN = Esrange, Sweden; ALK = Alaska, NM = New Mexico; and CA = California, USA, and YY/MM/DD time format, respectively. We have combined profiles that were measured during the same flight. https://scispace.com/papers/issue-cycles-in-corporate-sustainability-reporting-a-wcfcmmhdfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-environmental-issues-3-b24pvjwo.png Figure 3: Environmental Issues (3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-environmental-reports-1vygzbhq.png Table 1: Overview of Environmental Reports https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-frequency-of-environmental-issues-per-sro5ex1q.png Table 3: Average Frequency of Environmental Issues Per Company https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-environmental-issues-and-corresponding-terms-rvbrd4yk.png Table 2: Environmental Issues and Corresponding Terms https://scispace.com/papers/it-s-just-a-trojan-horse-for-gentrification-austerity-and-4pwv4qo2y6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-sources-3jp7t4vl.png Table 1: Data sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-london-borough-of-haringey-tottenham-hotspur-fc-1bqgv93f.png Figure 1: London Borough of Haringey / Tottenham Hotspur FC: Northumberland Development Project Timeline https://scispace.com/papers/it-s-not-just-us-versus-them-moving-beyond-binary-zdjmbq5h5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intergroup-attitudes-and-political-solidarity-37ieyk2g.png Figure 1. Intergroup attitudes and political solidarity between historically divided communities Note: In panel (a) in this figure the signs – and + indicate the broad pattern of intergroup attitude valences that ‘divide and rule’ systems are generally designed to encourage. In panel (b), the signs – and + indicate the broad pattern of intergroup attitude valences under which subordinate groups are generally predisposed to act together to challenge the status quo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-apartheid-city-note-economic-status-h-high-m-5763aw9k.png Figure 2. The Apartheid city Note: Economic status: H: High; M: Middle; L: Low; Mu: Municipal townships; T: Township; P: Privately developed; C: Coloured; I: Indian (taken from Davies, 1981). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-collective-action-intentions-as-a-function-of-3cjkzdj5.png Figure 3. Mean collective action intentions as a function of participant gender, leader gender, and message framing. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-model-of-the-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-7axlr4b8.png Figure 4. SEM model of the direct and indirect effects of interracial contact on Indian South https://scispace.com/papers/it-s-not-queasy-being-green-the-role-of-disgust-in-4hml3e50v6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fruit-and-vegetable-stimuli-used-in-the-study-4i8u2afu.png Figure 3. Fruit and vegetable stimuli used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-full-pilot-results-2shiiydf.png Table B.2 Full pilot results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-m-standard-deviations-sd-and-inter-3lpjetgh.png Table 2. Means (M), standard deviations (SD), and inter-correlations of trait predictors and averaged state outcome variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-direct-estimates-from-path-models-18s0uqd8.png Table 3. Direct estimates from path models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-a-willingness-to-pay-task-from-the-3kaoyvtt.png Figure 2. Example of a willingness-to-pay task from the online survey using insect-based stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-indirect-mediation-estimates-and-total-effects-from-2cpom6t2.png Table 4. Indirect (mediation) estimates and total effects from path models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-path-model-tested-in-this-study-numbers-22uhu8ra.png Figure 1. Theoretical path model tested in this study, numbers in dashed circles represent parameters estimated to test hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Disgust traits * Regulation = interaction terms between the disgust traits and disgust regulation variables modelled to test hypothesis 3; % WTP = percentage willingness-to-pay for “yuck factor” variant based on cost of comparison typical product. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-pattern-matrix-for-the-percentage-wtp-pca-2bu8mz1p.png Table D.1 Pattern matrix for the percentage WTP PCA. https://scispace.com/papers/iterations-as-the-result-of-social-and-technical-factors-1vomv3wmj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-between-functional-units-emerging-from-the-1xah3pgn.png Figure 4: Network between functional units emerging from the document editing process. BOD: Boiler design, PJM: Project management, CMB: Combustion system, ELD: Electrical design, EXT: External consultants, SIS: Site service, MED: Mechanical design, PLD: Plant design, RES: Retrofit service, QAC: Quality assessment, STM: Structural mechanics, PPD: Pressure parts design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-models-dependent-variable-number-of-1erhj026.png Table 4: Statistical models. Dependent variable: number of revisions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-type-of-documents-over-time-documents-2svxjay6.png Figure 3: Proportion of type of documents over time. Documents created in green and on top (A) and documents completed in blue and at the bottom (B). The map is read by columns and a column represents one month. White spaces represent no data-logging. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-u-standard-deviation-s-and-correlation-between-299czfo4.png Table 3: Mean (µ), standard deviation (σ) and correlation between independent variables. In bold, values > |0.3| https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptions-of-the-independent-variables-2fs4r0h8.png Table 2: Descriptions of the independent variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-documents-for-activity-groups-a-for-21bbjvfz.png Table 1: Distribution of documents for activity groups (a), for functional units (b), and for document types (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depiction-of-the-theoretical-framework-the-document-34m76qbo.png Figure 1: Depiction of the theoretical framework: the document is the unit of analysis and its number of revisions, as proxy of iterations, the phenomenon of interest. We hypothesise that the number of revisions is influenced by the structure of the process (H1), the social structure of teams (H2), stakeholders and participants not directly involved in the document production (H3), external partners (H4), and modulatity or integrativity of product subsystems (H5) that are modelled by mapping activities to subsystems (τ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-functional-units-mapped-in-their-roles-of-authority-vwu5fcma.png Figure 5: Functional units mapped in their roles of ‘authority’ and ‘facilitator’. The dotted lines that divide the area of the picture into four quadrants are centered on the middle point of each centrality range. https://scispace.com/papers/izmir-ankara-suture-as-a-triassic-to-cretaceous-plate-3xy9sdiwiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-data-on-the-age-of-oceanic-crust-arc-magmatic-rocks-3isyyqr7.png Figure 9. Data on the age of oceanic crust, arc magmatic rocks, subduction zone metamorphism, and major tectonic events along the İzmir‐Ankara suture. For sources of data see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photographs-of-the-lower-karakaya-complex-a-3pdwxiiz.png Figure 3. Photographs of the Lower Karakaya Complex. (a) Metabasite and phyllite with marble blocks in the Nallıhan region. (b) Metabasites in the Mihalıççık region. (c) Serpentinite and metabasite in the Nallıhan region. For location of the photographs see Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-geological-map-and-cross-section-of-the-mihaliccik-2dv7kvwc.png Figure 7. Geological map and cross section of the Mihalıççık region. For location see Figures 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geological-map-and-cross-section-of-the-nallihan-1f2zna39.png Figure 4. Geological map and cross section of the Nallıhan region. For location see Figures 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photographs-of-the-ophiolitic-melange-from-the-a2lrqvfa.png Figure 6. Photographs of the ophiolitic mélange from the Mihalıççık region. (a) The subvertical fault contact between the Lower Karakaya Complex and the ophiolitic mélange. (b) Red radiolarian chert, serpentinite, and basalt. (c) Red radiolarian chert and basalt, the two most common rock types in the ophiolitic mélange. (d) An incipiently metamorphosed basalt is rimmed by foliated blueschist metabasite. (e) Foliated blueschist metabasites. (f) Jurassic plagiogranite vein in gabbro. For location of the photographs see Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photographs-from-the-sakarya-shear-zone-a-the-yferdezb.png Figure 8. Photographs from the Sakarya Shear Zone. (a) The contact between the metabasites of the Lower Karakaya Complex and the cataclastic, mylonated granites of the Beypazarı pluton. Undeformed (a) and deformed (c) Beypazarı Granite. (d) Beypazarı Granite with a steeply dipping mylonitic foliation overprinted by a brittle fault. (e) Lower hemisphere equal area projection of the mylonitic foliation and lineation in the granites in the Sakarya Shear Zone. For locations see the map in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-outcrops-of-the-subduction-accretion-complexes-qpcs0ciq.png Figure 1. (a) Outcrops of the subduction‐accretion complexes, ophiolites, and magmatic arc rocks in western and central Turkey (based on Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, 2016). (b) Tectonic map of the Eastern Mediterranean‐Black Sea region (Okay & Tüysüz, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-b-sketch-maps-showing-respective-locations-of-msei53m2.png Figure 10. (a, b) Sketch maps showing respective locations of the Tethyan oceans and continental units in the Early Jurassic according to Şengör and Yılmaz (1981) and the present study, respectively. (c) Collision and accretion of the Nilüfer oceanic plateau to the southern margin of Laurasia. (d) Continuing subduction and accretion during the Jurassic; in the Early Cretaceous, subduction‐erosion removed most of the Jurassic subduction‐accretion complex. (c) Late Cretaceous subduction‐accretion. The subduction was extensional and led to the opening of the West Black Sea basin as a backarc. The eventual closure of the İzmir‐Ankara ocean resulted in to the subduction of the continental margin of the Anatolide‐Tauride Block. https://scispace.com/papers/iterative-decoding-networks-with-iteratively-data-2943xoof83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-numerical-results-for-a-sdd-and-b-em-cse-the-estimator-cgmhkdz9.png Fig. 5 Numerical results for (a) SDD and (b) EM CSE. The estimator objective function for different iterations and (1) successful ambiguity resolution, (2) synchronization failure. True channel phase is shown as a dashed line. The decoding loop iteration number is a parameter, γB = 2 [dB]. The MSE (3) as a function of the iteration number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-of-synchronization-failure-ambiguity-ucxpipa8.png Fig. 4 Probability of synchronization failure (ambiguity domain resolution). True channel phase is 80 degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iterative-non-parametric-em-decoding-22xhazs7.png Fig. 3 Iterative non-parametric EM decoding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-psiso-module-34yl099q.png Fig. 1 PSISO module. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-iterative-non-parametric-sdd-decoding-33kjh9s8.png Fig. 2 Iterative non-parametric SDD decoding https://scispace.com/papers/jellyfish-evidence-of-extreme-ram-pressure-stripping-in-4miwnrxt8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hst-images-of-extreme-cases-of-ram-pressure-304qj6oc.png Figure 1. HST images of extreme cases of ram-pressure stripping in galaxy clusters at z > 0.2. From left to right: galaxy C153 in A2125 at z = 0.20 (WFPC2, F606W+F814W; Owen et al. 2006); galaxy 234144–260358 in A2667 at z = 0.23 (ACS, F450W+F606W+F814W; Cortese et al. 2007); galaxy F0083 in A2744 at z = 0.31 (ACS, F435W+F606W+F814W; Owers et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hst-images-f606w-f814w-of-extreme-cases-of-ram-315asgbl.png Figure 2. HST images (F606W+F814W) of extreme cases of ram-pressure stripping in MACS galaxy clusters at 0.30 < z < 0.43. In each panel, the direction and projected distance to the cluster center (as given by the location of the BCG) is marked in the bottom right corner; red arrows denote the approximate direction of motion of the respective galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-host-cluster-redshifts-apparent-f606w-3c987oux.png Table 1 Positions, Host Cluster Redshifts, Apparent F606W Magnitudes, and Absolute F606W Magnitudes for the Galaxies Shown in Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/job-worker-mismatch-and-cognitive-decline-4n60ymy1qb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relation-between-job-worker-mismatch-and-cognitive-3mehs8nj.png Table 3 Relation between job-worker mismatch and cognitive abilities of working population six years later (1999–2001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determining-the-occurrence-and-extent-of-1iae5nwi.png Table 1 Determining the occurrence and extent of overeducation (þ) and undereducation ( ) by workers’ job level and level of education in the Netherlands https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relation-between-job-worker-mismatch-and-cognitive-11pzhexm.png Table 2 Relation between job-worker mismatch and cognitive abilities among working population (24–64 years old) at baseline measurement (1993–5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relation-between-the-extent-of-overeducation-and-1dyzm50a.png Table 4 Relation between the extent of overeducation and cognitive abilities of working population six years later (1999–2001) https://scispace.com/papers/joint-estimation-of-relaxation-and-diffusion-tissue-3if5kybrts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-demographic-data-note-except-where-h9ynk47v.png Table 1 Summary of Demographic Data. Note: except where indicated, data are numbers of participants. Numbers in parentheses are ranges. PSA = prostate specific antigen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-classification-performances-accuracy-2n1up9ck.png Table 2 Overall classification performances. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and kappa for the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps obtained from multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI), classic VERDICT and rVERDICT (using only the intracellular volume fraction fic maps or all the parametric maps). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-classification-report-precision-recall-and-f1-score-3kx10yf8.png Table 3 Classification report (precision, recall, and F1-score) for each Gleason grade when using only the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map from multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI); all the parametric maps from classic VERDICT and all the parametric maps from rVERDICT with 5-class CNN (SEResNet). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-relaxation-verdict-rverdict-fitting-q4h4fkph.png Figure 2 Flowchart of relaxation-VERDICT (rVERDICT) fitting using a fully connected deep neural network and Gleason score classification using a convolutional neural network. We classify the pre-specified lesion ROIs on the rVERDICT parametric maps using the SE-ResNet, whose input is an array the size of the full image but with zeros everywhere except within the lesion ROI (here we also show the boundaries of the prostate with dashed white line). The model then gives the corresponding Gleason score to the lesion minimizing the classification error (cross-entropy loss) with respect to the histological grading. The same approach was used to analyse the data with classic VERDICT. For the analysis of the ADC from mp-MRI, we used only the CNN based Gleason score classification, giving as input the ADC maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-t2-estimates-from-rverdict-and-2i28xry4.png Figure 5 Comparison of T2 estimates from rVERDICT and independent measurements using a multiTE acquisition. The distributions show the probability density function of the estimated T2 values for all the voxels within the prostate volume. Mean and standard deviation values for each distribution are also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accuracy-and-precision-of-model-fitting-a-the-mean-15ma2f12.png Figure 4 Accuracy and precision of model fitting. A) The mean (data points) and variance (error bars) of the prediction for DNN and conventional non-linear least squares optimization are plotted against the known ground truth from numerical simulations. The identity line is also plotted to aid appreciating the accuracy of the prediction from both methods (higher the accuracy, closer the mean prediction to the identity line). The variance of the prediction (error bars) is a good indicator of the precision of the estimation: smaller the variance, higher the precision. B) The probability density distribution of the estimates of the seven rVERDICT model parameters (S0 was fixed to 1) are plotted for seven ground truth values (T1 = 2700 ms, T2ic = 70 ms, T2vasc/ees = 530 ms, f0ees = 0.40, f0ic = 0.40, R = 8 m and Dees = 1.9 m2/ms) and 4,096 different random combinations of the other parameters, for both DNN and conventional non-linear least squares optimisation. In absence of degeneracy and/or spurious local minima we expect very narrow distributions centred on the ground truth values. The wider the distribution, the less robust the estimation and the lower the precision due to degeneracy and/or spurious minima. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participation-flow-diagram-mp-mri-multiparametric-9hmuuou3.png Figure 1 Participation flow diagram. mp-MRI = multiparametric MRI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-repeatability-of-the-rverdict-parameters-a-15k8l9vx.png Figure 3 Repeatability of the rVERDICT parameters. a) Correlation plots for all the rVERDICT parameters in the scan/rescan study. The adjusted coefficient of determination R2 and the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC are reported for each of them, together with the identity line. b) BlandAltman plots of the difference between scan and re-scan versus the average for all the rVERDICT parameters. The coefficient of variation CV, computed as standard deviation over the mean, is reported for each of them, together with the average (straight red line) 1.96 standard deviation (dashed red lines) of the difference. The solid black line represents the ideal condition of zero difference. The dimensional parameters are in m (apparent cell radius R); m-3 (Cellularity); m2/ms (extracellular-extravascular apparent diffusivity Dees) and ms (T1, intracellular T2ic and vascular/extracellular-extravascular T2vasc/ees). https://scispace.com/papers/joint-entity-recognition-and-relation-extraction-as-a-multi-1efegv7xa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ablation-tests-on-the-ace04-test-dataset-7zx6vr16.png Table 2: Ablation tests on the ACE04 test dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-our-method-multi-head-with-the-state-23hujrqp.png Table 1: Comparison of our method (multi-head) with the state-of-the-art on the ACE04, CoNLL04, DREC and ADE datasets. The models: (i) multi-head+E (the model + the Edmond algorithm to produce a treestructured output), (ii) single-head (the model predicts only one head per token) and (iii) multi-head EC (the model predicts only the entity classes assuming that the boundaries are given) are slight variations of the multi-head model adapted for each dataset and evaluation. The 3and 7 symbols indicate whether or not the models rely on any hand-crafted features or additional tools. Note that all the variations of our models do not rely on any additional features. We include here different evaluation types (strict, relaxed and boundaries) to be able to compare our results against previous studies. Finally, we report results in terms of Precision, Recall, F1 for the two subtasks as well as overall F1, averaging over both subtasks. Bold entries indicate the best result among models that only consider automatically learned features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-embedding-layer-in-detail-the-characters-of-the-y4u5ble8.png Figure 2: Embedding layer in detail. The characters of the word “Man” are represented by character vectors (i.e., embeddings) that are learned during training. The character embeddings are fed to a BiLSTM and the two final states (forward and backward) are concatenated. The vector wchars is the character-level representation of the word. This vector is then further concatenated to the word-level representation wword2vec to obtain the complete word embedding vector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-multi-head-selection-model-for-joint-entity-and-m301p8t3.png Figure 1: The multi-head selection model for joint entity and relation extraction. The input of our model is the words of the sentence which are then represented as word vectors (i.e., embeddings). The BiLSTM layer extracts a more complex representation for each word. Then the CRF and the sigmoid layers are able to produce the outputs for the two tasks. The outputs for each token (e.g., Smith) are: (i) an entity recognition label (e.g., I-PER) and (ii) a set of tuples comprising the head tokens of the entity and the types of relations between them (e.g., {(Center, Works for), (Atlanta, Lives in)}). https://scispace.com/papers/joint-myocardial-registration-and-segmentation-of-cardiac-350rsnx8h2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-background-and-myocardium-dictionaries-before-and-25hbe50l.png Fig. 3: Background and myocardium dictionaries before and after the dictionary update. Observe the increased number of unique myocardial patterns after the dictionary update. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-algorithm-design-for-joint-segmentation-and-21kkmrt9.png Fig. 1: Algorithm design for joint segmentation and registration. Region of interest extraction (Panel A). Dictionary learning from training images and calculation of residuals (R) and sparse coefficients(X) (Panel B). Multi-resolution deformation grids and exemplary connections with segmentation grid (Panel C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dice-overlap-comparison-of-myocardial-segmentation-u2ibo2bu.png Table 1: Dice overlap comparison of myocardial segmentation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-segmentation-masks-red-contours-and-registration-grid-2ng80h0e.png Fig. 2: Segmentation masks (red contours) and registration grid of proposed approach compared to CRS [11] (green contours) for an exemplary subject under baseline conditions in between end diastole and end systole frames. https://scispace.com/papers/jorgensen-groups-of-parabolic-type-iii-uncountably-infinite-3h7mx0is9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-side-pairings-and-cycle-relations-dy-kth-1-4-dp-4-3-ibj4hxoy.png Figure 6. Side pairings and cycle relations (ðy; kÞ ¼ ðp=4; 3=2Þ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-isometric-circles-and-a-fundamental-polyhedron-dy-1dt20f06.png Figure 5. Isometric circles and a fundamental polyhedron (ðy; kÞ ¼ ðp=4; 3=2Þ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isometric-circles-and-a-fundamental-polyhedron-y-1-1mjwgr9d.png Figure 1. Isometric circles and a fundamental polyhedron (y ¼ 0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-side-pairings-and-cycle-relations-y-1-4-0-1ym86a0q.png Figure 2. Side pairings and cycle relations (y ¼ 0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-side-pairings-and-cycle-relations-y-1-4-p-2-2q4sbjl9.png Figure 4. Side pairings and cycle relations (y ¼ p=2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-isometric-circles-and-a-fundamental-polyhedron-y-1-2oyj4e1w.png Figure 3. Isometric circles and a fundamental polyhedron (y ¼ p=2) https://scispace.com/papers/jostle-heuristics-for-the-2d-irregular-shapes-bin-packing-1kh4udfrfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-performance-of-construction-algorithm-for-21d370n9.png Table 6.3: Performance of construction algorithm for different rotation criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-5-performance-results-of-ijs1-ijs2-and-ijs3-vs-js-3o593okk.png Table 6.5: Performance results of IJS1, IJS2 and IJS3 vs JS for JP1 and JP2 instances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-feasible-placement-for-a-new-piece-2h4vb944.png Figure 4.3: Feasible placement for a new piece https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-results-of-the-ijs1-algorithm-for-each-nesting-25ta5r6r.png Table A.5: Results of the IJS1 algorithm for each nesting instances with 1.1dmax small bins https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-performance-results-js-ijs1-ijs2-and-ijs3-for-19mf6fxw.png Table 6.4: Performance results JS, IJS1, IJS2 and IJS3 for nesting data instances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-fu-instance-packed-in-the-largest-bin-type-2dmax-3jcbo621.png Figure 6.2: Fu instance packed in the largest bin type (2dmax) using IJS1-MU∞ method, F = 0.509, run time is 8 seconds for 500 iterations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-notation-of-algorithms-placement-rule-and-rotation-2it4os8b.png Table 6.1: Notation of Algorithms: placement rule and rotation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-notation-of-algorithms-algorithm-and-kick-type-2d2crks4.png Table 6.2: Notation of Algorithms: algorithm and kick type https://scispace.com/papers/kapitza-resistance-between-superfluid-helium-and-solid-role-2qmzwvaui9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kapitza-resistance-rk-for-niobium-samples-with-damaged-17u3xc47.png Fig. 4. Kapitza resistance RK for niobium samples with damaged layer (▲) and after chemical polishing (□, for 2 mm thick samples) and (, for 4 mm thick samples). The solid line fit to the DL sample take into account the density of dislocations (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-cell-showing-kapitza-resistance-1ur8bsgt.png Fig. 3. Experimental cell showing Kapitza resistance determination from measurements conducted in two helium baths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-cell-configuration-of-a-single-crystal-kp8z7csi.png Fig. 1. Experimental cell configuration of a single crystal silicon rod in contact with helium. The Kapitza resistance is determined from measurements of temperature shifts in thermometer T1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kapitza-resistance-measurements-full-triangles-at-3iazqvea.png Fig. 2. Kapitza resistance measurements (full triangles) at silicon-helium interface as a function of pressure at T ~ 1.82 K. The dashed curve represents the acoustic mismatch theory prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scanning-electron-microscope-images-of-single-crystal-18tsval7.png Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope images of single crystal niobium (a) with damaged layer (b) after chemical polishing https://scispace.com/papers/keeping-secrets-from-parents-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-4kn71mq65b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-hierarchical-regression-analyses-for-300m2e86.png Table III. Summary of Hierarchical Regression Analyses for Disadvantages of Secrecy in Adolescence (N = 227) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-and-standard-deviations-for-secrecy-its-ln1e013l.png Table I. Means and Standard Deviations for Secrecy, its Disadvantages and Advantages, and Potential Confounds https://scispace.com/papers/keeping-the-wheels-turning-the-dynamics-of-managing-networks-31nc5fzrt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-embeddedness-in-practice-34ksxcwq.png Table III. Embeddedness in practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-structural-embeddedness-1h9k73xt.png Table V. Structural embeddedness https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-relational-embeddedness-1b7j3m54.png Table IV. Relational embeddedness https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-knowledge-sharing-1n6699x5.png Table I. Knowledge sharing https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-organizational-embeddedness-2arc86w1.png Table II. Organizational embeddedness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-managing-intra-organizational-networks-of-practice-23qtqyum.png Figure 1. Managing intra-organizational networks of practice: dynamics and interventions https://scispace.com/papers/keratosis-reduces-sensitivity-of-anal-cytology-in-detecting-37kg0b5yt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anal-biopsy-lesion-with-extensive-hyperkeratosis-30jhw48q.png Fig. 2. Anal biopsy lesion with extensive hyperkeratosis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-low-grade-squamous-intraepithelial-lesion-from-anal-27gpp3zg.png Fig. 4. Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from anal cytology. https://scispace.com/papers/kernel-on-graphs-based-on-dictionary-of-paths-for-image-dbloi01p1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-windows-database-70-windows-and-150-negatives-14qznye9.png Figure 1. Windows database: 70 windows and 150 negatives https://scispace.com/papers/key-role-for-gene-dosage-and-synaptic-homeostasis-in-autism-4ryg78c6r8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genes-associated-with-high-risk-for-asd-2nyv0t6h.png Table 1. Genes associated with high risk for ASD https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proposed-susceptibility-genes-for-asd-2jn96f2r.png Table 2. Proposed susceptibility genes for ASD https://scispace.com/papers/key-management-and-distribution-for-secure-multimedia-11xjin7axo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tree-based-key-distribution-scheme-1n0txqa9.png Fig. 5. Tree-based key distribution scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-time-needed-to-refresh-the-entire-set-of-keys-jyun1ogv.png Fig. 7. The time needed to refresh the entire set of keys during a member departure using the bottom-up approach with different frame ratesF , and different amounts of bits embedded per frame. The group size isn = 2 , or roughly one million users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-key-distribution-scheme-36dht82d.png Fig. 1. Basic key distribution scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-approaches-to-distributing-the-key-information-in-b1xzu7f1.png Fig. 3. Two approaches to distributing the key information in multimedia multicasting: Using a media-independent channel, and using a media-dependent channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-key-distribution-scheme-for-multilayer-multimedia-1vtsm88z.png Fig. 8. Key distribution scheme for multilayer multimedia multicast. https://scispace.com/papers/kinematic-design-of-crab-like-legged-vehicles-94i8jpelg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-maximum-horizontal-stroke-dy-vs-l1-and-s-3hkdvc9p.png Fig. 9. Maximum horizontal stroke DY vs. l1 and s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-case-2-part-or-all-of-circle-2-is-within-circle-1-3kb3myuc.png Fig. 5. Case 2: part or all of circle 2 is within circle 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-case-3-part-or-all-of-circle-3-is-within-circle-1-17h955ib.png Fig. 6. Case 3: part or all of circle 3 is within circle 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-workspace-area-a-vs-l1-and-s-3pj2xt1k.png Fig. 8. Workspace area A vs. l1 and s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-d-model-of-a-crab-like-vehicle-non-supporting-legs-c8o5843c.png Fig. 1. 2-D model of a crab-like vehicle (non-supporting legs not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-case-4-circle-2-and-part-or-all-of-circle-3-are-within-32xu6oir.png Fig. 7. Case 4: circle 2 and part or all of circle 3 are within circle 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vehicle-configurations-1ytk125u.png Fig. 2. Vehicle configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-maximum-vertical-stroke-dz-vs-l1-and-s-3vojtqms.png Fig. 10. Maximum vertical stroke DZ vs. l1 and s. https://scispace.com/papers/kinetic-investigation-of-porphyrin-interaction-with-chiral-3qmnvq8nbv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kinetic-progress-curves-for-the-interaction-of-cut4-16tzluxg.png Figure 4. Kinetic progress curves for the interaction of CuT4 with (curve a) PheA by simple mixing, (curve b) PheA after 15 ms of exposure to TPPS, (curve c) PheA after 150 ms of exposure to TPPS, and (curve d) PheA after full equilibration (i.e., 20 min) with TPPS. Individual curves have been displaced for a better comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-structure-of-porphyrins-2ioaqamd.png Figure 1. Schematic structure of porphyrins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetic-progress-curves-for-interaction-of-cut4-3akmnh5c.png Figure 3. Kinetic progress curves for interaction of CuT4 with TPPS (curve a), TPPS with PheA (curve b), and CuT4 with PheA (curve c). Continuous lines represent the nonlinear least-squares fitting of data. In all the experiments the porphyrin concentration is 2 µM and Phe is 8 mM to ensure amino acid aggregation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kinetic-progress-curves-at-411-blue-points-and-at-3uem664p.png Figure 2. Kinetic progress curves at 411 (blue points) and at 424 nm (red points) for the interaction of CuT4 with TPPS. Continuous lines represent the nonlinear least-squares. https://scispace.com/papers/kinetic-model-of-sige-selective-epitaxial-growth-using-rpcvd-uoddti8m5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-growth-rate-vs-chip-exposed-si-coverage-and-b-ge-3iw5ig71.png Figure 6. A) Growth rate vs. chip exposed Si coverage and B) Ge content vs. chip exposed Si coverage for different globally patterned wafers at 20torr total pressure. The applied PDCS and PHCl partial pressures were 60 and 20 mtorr, respectively. PGeH4 partial pressures were 0.9 and 0.5 mtorr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-how-a-classical-boundary-hdn5d7oe.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of how a classical boundary layer is produced from laminar gas stream flowing over the wafer in SEG during the CVD process. In this figure, black arrows demonstrate different ways through which diffused molecules from the boundary reach the dangling bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-measured-dots-and-calculated-lines-growth-rate-2f0ysftg.png Figure 8. The measured (dots) and calculated (lines) growth rate of an array of openings along five chips. a) The trap (first chip from left) has an exposed Si coverage of 2.7, 8, 19.75 and 37.85% where this value is about 1% for the surrounding chips. b) The trap has an exposed Si coverage of 8, 19.75 and 37.85% where this value is 2.7% for the surrounding chips. The applied PDCS, PGeH4and PHCl partial pressures were 60, 0.9 and 20 mtorr, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-cross-sectional-view-of-the-boundary-mk9qusml.png Figure 4. Schematic cross-sectional view of the boundary theory and gas diffusion in the global pattern. The sources available for deposition are “vertical component” and “diffusion from the oxide surface”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-side-view-illustration-of-the-temperature-profile-13397loa.png Figure 2. Side view illustration of the temperature profile simulated in a) 40 torr and b) 10 torr. The purple, grey and orange colors represent the inlet, outlet and the susceptor areas, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-mask-design-used-to-establish-the-interaction-2zarpx1h.png Figure 7. The mask design used to establish the interaction model between the chips https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-growth-rate-vs-exposed-si-coverage-2rdjbek2.png Figure 5. Illustration of growth rate vs. exposed Si coverage of the chip for nine different globally patterned wafers at 20torr total pressure. The applied PDCS and PHCl partial pressures were 120 and 20 mtorr, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-sketch-of-the-flux-of-molecules-over-an-3i1tx3mu.png Figure 3. A schematic sketch of the flux of molecules over an opening in a spherical symmetric https://scispace.com/papers/kinetic-phase-evolution-of-spinel-cobalt-oxide-during-4lnjk4496y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electrochemical-performances-of-co3o4-a-first-three-1omj38qv.png Figure 1. Electrochemical performances of Co3O4. (a) First three cyclic voltammogram curves of Co3O4 electrode in the range of 0.01-3.00V. (b) Discharge and charge profiles of Co3O4 electrode at the rate of 0.1C in the range of 0.01-3.00V. (c) Discharge profiles of Co3O4 electrode in the range of 0.01-3.00V at rates of 1C (black line), 0.1C (red dash line), 0.02C (blue dash line) and 0.01C (violet dash line). The inset image presents magnified curves in the range of 0 to 125 mAh/g. (d) Charge and discharge galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) curves of Co3O4 electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-situ-morphological-evolution-of-co3o4-during-101k0ey1.png Figure 5. In situ Morphological evolution of Co3O4 during lithiation at a high rate. (a) The LAADF-STEM image series shows phase evolution during lithiation as function of reation time (0-244s). To clarify distribution and route of different phase, three overlaid false colors are used: yellow (pristine Co3O4), blue (intermediate phase LixCo3O4) and red (composition of Co and Li2O after conversion). Scale bar is 20nm. Raw data is presented as Supplemental Figure S4. (b) Projected area of intermediate phase (LixCo3O4) as function of reaction time. (c) Comparison of shrinking/propagation speed between the results shown in Figure 4(a) and Figure 5(a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-situ-morphological-evolution-of-co3o4-during-jmkzvsy7.png Figure 4. In situ Morphological evolution of Co3O4 during lithiation at a low rate. (a) LAADFSTEM image series shows phase evolution during lithiation in real time. To clarify the distribution and route of different phases, three overlaid false colors are used: yellow (pristine Co3O4), blue (intermediate phase LixCo3O4) and red (composition of Co and Li2O after conversion). Scale bar is 20nm. Raw data are presented as Supplemental Figure S3 (b) Projected areas of three phases as function of reaction time (0-600.8s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-situ-selected-area-electron-diffraction-results-12dzrnxg.png Figure 3. In situ selected area electron diffraction results, showing the phase evolution during lithiation. (a) Electron diffraction intensity profile as function of reaction time during in situ lithiation of Co3O4 nanoparticles. (b) and (c) shows SAED patterns corresponded with the intensity profile obtained at the lithiated (2000s) and pristine (0s) state. (d) Integrated intensity profiles at 0s, 200s, 760s and 2000s are indexed with respect to reference data of Co3O4, LiCo3O4, Co and Li2O phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-hrtem-image-of-a-single-crystal-co3o4-indicating-123pdom3.png Figure 2. (a) HRTEM image of a single crystal Co3O4 indicating the coexistence of both spinel and rocksalt structure. Insets show the FFT of the spinel structure (orange) and rocksalt structure (blue) along the [011] zone axis. (b) Filtered images of (a) show the corresponding phase distribution by using two sets of spinel and rocksalt FFTs. (c) HRTEM images of the composite electrode after the conversion reaction. (d-f) The atomic structure of pristine Co3O4 with spinel structure, rocksalt (LixCo3O4) and schematic of Li2O plus metallic Co, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-theoretical-calculations-a-discharge-voltage-2g40p34u.png Figure 6. Theoretical calculations: (a) Discharge voltage profile as a function of Li composition in LixCo3O4 (x = 0-8) calculated from first principles calculation. The thermodynamic equilibrium reaction route is shown in green dashed lines, and the two-step reaction route is shown in red solid lines. (b) Schematic diagram illustrates the diffusion behavior of Li+ ions on the surface between the electrolyte and the electrode, as well as in the interior of the electrode. (c) and (d) Li composition profiles along a one-dimensional length as a function of reaction time, as simulated by the phase-field theory (also see Movies No. 5 and No. 6). https://scispace.com/papers/kinetics-of-the-oxidation-of-n-aminopiperidine-with-4k69exczlo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determination-of-the-partial-orders-and-the-rate-1hia2lwo.png Table 1. Determination of the partial orders and the rate constant in the oxidation of N-aminopiperidine with chloramine (pH = 12.89, T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uv-absorption-spectra-of-napp-nh2cl-mixture-at-ph-2w2lmx1a.png Figure 3. UV absorption spectra of NAPP – NH2Cl mixture at pH = 11.5; ([C5H10NNH2]0 = 20 × 10-3 M, [NH2Cl]0 = 2 × 10-3 M, T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chromatogram-obtained-by-gc-ms-analysis-for-a-napp-nvotuewh.png Figure 2. Chromatogram obtained by GC/MS analysis for a NAPP - NH2Cl mixture; ([NH2Cl]0 = 2 × 10-3 M, [C5H10NNH2]0 = 20 × 10-3 M, pH = 12.89, T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-determination-of-the-kinetic-parameters-in-the-28xvdgyc.png Figure 5. Determination of the kinetic parameters in the oxidation of Naminopiperidine with chloramine (first step of the reaction monitored by HPLC; [C5H10NNH2]0 = 10 × 10-3 M, [NH2Cl]0 = 4 × 10-3 M, pH = 12.89, T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetics-of-the-napp-nh2cl-interaction-determination-ctj6a7vb.png Table 2. Kinetics of the NAPP - NH2Cl interaction. Determination of the rate constant values for 12.0 < pH < 13.53 (T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-absorption-spectra-of-napp-nh2cl-mixture-at-ph-2bze0muw.png Figure 4. UV absorption spectra of NAPP – NH2Cl mixture at pH = 11; ([C5H10NNH2]0 = 20 × 10-3 M, [NH2Cl]0 = 2 × 10-3 M, T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uv-absorption-spectra-of-the-oxidation-of-n-3r7cd143.png Figure 1. UV absorption spectra of the oxidation of N-aminopiperidine with chloramine (first step; [C5H10NNH2]0 = 20 × 10-3 M, [NH2Cl]0 = 2 × 10-3 M, pH = 12.89, T = 25°C). https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-attitudes-and-perceptions-towards-covid-19-p7vgtsvcct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participants-source-of-knowledge-about-covid-19-1lueorvo.png Figure 1: Participants’ source of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-each-attitudes-item-and-sex-25chm20p.png Table 3: Distribution of each attitudes item and sex difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-each-perceptions-item-and-sex-h6t31hml.png Table 4: Distribution of each perceptions item and sex difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-group-difference-analysis-bivariate-with-knowledge-1r9u2ktp.png Table 5: Group difference analysis (bivariate) with knowledge and attitudes scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-characteristics-of-participants-n-1658-1i36yaa0.png Table 1: General characteristics of participants (N = 1658) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multivariate-regression-analysis-predicting-2me6hag7.png Table 6: Multivariate regression analysis predicting knowledge and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-each-knowledge-item-and-sex-1fxttk2v.png Table 2: Distribution of each knowledge item and sex difference https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-based-application-of-liaison-for-variant-design-2lyafy6jfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-change-in-joint-design-type-b-change-in-material-to20cej2.png Fig. 2. (a) Change in joint design type (b) Change in material without change in joint design type (c) Change in material with change in joint design type (d) Change in component’s dimension with change in joint design type (e) Change in component’s dimension without change in joint design type (f) Change in product architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-instance-of-assembly-joint-design-and-its-process-284jfpl5.png Fig. 3. An instance of assembly joint design and its process parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-change-in-liaisons-during-variant-design-2fooo7t8.png Table 1. Change in liaisons during variant design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mitsubishi-triton-front-bumper-fig-7-toyota-fj-cruiser-16ifm1ds.png Fig. 6. Mitsubishi-triton-front-bumper Fig. 7. Toyota-fj-cruiser-front-bumper https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-user-interface-for-the-selection-of-attributes-in-3nt3d0xj.png Fig. 4. A user interface for the selection of attributes in joining process selection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-framework-for-variant-design-application-16sapgsr.png Fig. 5. A framework for variant design application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-knowledge-based-framework-for-selection-of-joining-2ljims7k.png Fig. 1. Knowledge based framework for selection of joining process in variant design https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-based-systems-for-automatic-ventilatory-management-3up19as64r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-architecture-for-a-smart-ventilator-a-simple-2sd4xli4.png Figure 7: Architecture for a smart ventilator A simple interface synthesizes the ventilation and therapy evolution. Automatic adjustment of ventilator settings is performed. The device integrates additional information via external monitors or the hospital network. Inside the ventilator, a specific architecture combines real-time functionnalities, such as data acquisition or ventilation modes generation, and knowledge-based functionnalities. An expert interface allows the maintenance and exchange of medical knowledge incorporated into the device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3a-b-plans-for-ventilation-management-3a-left-the-1d24q9u7.png Fig. 3a-b: Plans for ventilation management 3a (Left): The general plan for the set of steps during ventilation management. The steps are ordered but the sequencing is interrupted in case of alarming situation. 3b (Right): This figure represents the instantiation of the general plan for a specific situation: the restoration of correct ventilation after a short episode of tachypnea. After observation of the patient's ventilation (T1), correct ventilation is confirmed (T2). The ventilation is globally correct and the short episode of tachypnea is eliminated (T3). Persistence of correct ventilation is predicted (T4) and then the current therapy is adapted (T5). Mechanical assistance has been increased to combat the tachypnea episode. The replacement of the low initial level of pressure support is proposed (T6). The maintain of correct ventilation is expected (T7). The global plan is not modified (T8) and the ventilator settings is modified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-pressure-support-level-ps-in-cmh2o-and-2ec1j3xe.png Figure 6: Evolution of pressure support level (PS) in cmH2O and respiratory rate (RR) in cycles/min or rapid shallow breathing index (RR/Vt) in cycles/min/l with NéoGanesh (APS), and with standard pressure support ventilation without NéoGanesh (SPS). 6A (Left): Results for patient 8 6B (Right): Results for patient 6Decision for Extubation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-pressure-support-level-ps-in-cmh2o-and-2q587g4h.png Figure 5: Evolution of pressure support level (PS) in cmH2O and respiratory rate (RR) in cycles/min with NéoGanesh (APS), and with standard pressure support ventilation without NéoGanesh (SPS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-of-a-knowledge-based-system-for-3nueg3u9.png Figure 2: Architecture of a knowledge-based system for ventilation management (Adapted from Artif Intell in Med, 14, Dojat M, Ramaux N, and Fontaine D, Scenario Recognition for Temporal Reasoning in Medical Domains, 139-155, Copyright (1998), with permission from Elsevier Science). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-levels-of-control-reprinted-from-artif-1hdhf4h9.png Figure 1: Different levels of control (Reprinted from Artif Intell in Med, 11, Dojat M, Pachet F, Guessoum Z, et al, NeoGanesh: A Working System for the Automated Control of Assisted ventilation in ICUs, 97-117, Copyright (1997), with permission from Elsevier Science). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-time-spent-in-the-zone-of-respiratory-comfort-3om063yl.png Figure 4: Mean time spent in the zone of respiratory comfort without (standard PS) and with NéoGanesh (Computer Controlled PS) expressed as the percentage of the total ventilation duration. https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-management-for-industrial-heritage-5g8nbk77kg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1876-philadelphia-world-exposition-the-corliss-engine-47w460gj.png Fig. 3 - 1876 Philadelphia World exposition – The Corliss engine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1876-philadelphia-world-exposition-2q3v4b7z.png Fig. 2 - 1876 Philadelphia World exposition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-didactic-flash-application-of-the-steam-engine-1uyalywo.png Fig. 16 - Didactic Flash application of the steam engine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-steam-engine-with-nearly-true-colors-32z7aeb3.png Fig. 17 - Steam engine with nearly true colors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-first-step-of-the-process-a-to-b-2t3lyxj4.png Fig. 7 - First step of the process: A to B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-second-step-of-the-process-b-to-c-3lfmmglj.png Fig. 9 - Second step of the process: B to C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-methodology-macroscopic-model-2tgcszk3.png Fig. 1 - Methodology macroscopic model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-1886-steam-engine-from-piguet-catalogue-1bfqqc5h.png Fig. 13 - 1886: Steam engine from Piguet catalogue. https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-transfer-in-sustainable-management-of-heritage-52gz87be0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-buildings-of-kaunas-inter-war-modernism-24j6ozuj.png Figure 2. Buildings of Kaunas inter-war modernism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-st-michael-archangel-church-of-rumsiskes-photograph-dmc8t9u2.png Figure. 4. St. Michael Archangel church of Rumsiskes. Photograph by the authors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-church-of-blessed-virgin-mary-s-assumption-into-1c974hcd.png Figure. 3. Church of Blessed Virgin Mary's Assumption into heaven (Vytautas Magnus church). Photograph by the authors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-generalized-situations-in-country-to-country-19gn5qkb.png Figure 1. Three generalized situations in country-to-country knowledge transfer in the field of built heritage management. Context I and context II here means two countries with inherent heritage management history, peculiarities and trends potentially participating in the process of knowledge transfer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-structure-and-generalized-findings-of-the-study-3lsm6ooa.png Figure 5. The structure and generalized findings of the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temperature-t-and-relative-humidity-rh-values-2fxz10m0.png Table 1. Temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) values measured in tested churches https://scispace.com/papers/kosmotoga-pacifica-sp-nov-a-thermophilic-1ybcvqbwm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-differentiating-strain-slhlj1t-from-2qwx98yq.png Table 1. Characteristics differentiating strain SLHLJ1T from Kosmotoga and Mesotoga species. Species: 1, Kosmotoga pacifica SLHLJ1T (this study); 2, Kosmotoga arenicorallina 304T (Nunoura et al 2010; data confirmed in this study); 3, Kosmotoga olearia strain TBF 19.5.1T (DiPippo et al. 2009); 4, Kosmotoga shengliensis strain 2SM-2T (Feng et al. 2010); 5, Mesotoga prima strain MesG1.Ag.4.2T (Nesbø et al. 2012). Legend: +, positive; ─, negative; ±, weakly supported or enhanced growth; ND, not determined; PL, phospholipid; GL, glycolipid. The percentage of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity is calculated in reference to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel isolate SLHLJ1T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-phase-contrast-photomicrograph-of-cells-of-strain-3aw1kldl.png Fig. 2. (A) Phase-contrast photomicrograph of cells of strain SLHLJ1T in the mid-exponential phase of growth; (B) Transmission electron micrograph of a negatively stained dividing cell of strain SLHLJ1T surrounded by a toga (after negative staining . Bars, 5 µm (A) and 0.5 µm (B) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-tree-based-on-16s-rrna-gene-sequences-3gdjw1im.png Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the position of strain SLHLJ1T within the order Thermotogales. The alignment was performed with 16S rDNA sequences of related species and environmental sequences (1306 unambiguously aligned nucleic acid positions). Sequence data of reference strains were obtained from the GenBank/EMBL and/or RDP databases. Accession numbers are indicated in parentheses. The topology shown was obtained with the neighbor joining algorithm, using Jukes and Cantor corrections. It was established using the PHYLIP package, and using Proteobacteria sequences as outgroup. Bootstrap values (from 1000 replicates) are indicated at the branch nodes. The topology obtained with the maximum likelihood method was not strictly identical (Fig. S1). The scale bar indicates 2.0 nt substitutions per 100 nt. Kosmotoga arenicorallina strain 304T and Mesotoga prima strain MesG1.Ag.4.2T possess two non-identical 16S rRNA gene copies in their genomes. https://scispace.com/papers/l-band-cytop-bragg-gratings-for-ultrasound-sensing-55cp6iacn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectral-changes-due-to-the-mounting-procedure-ia447wxu.png Figure 4 - Spectral changes due to the mounting procedure within the 3D designed structure (left) and a zoom of the TFBG peak (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mount-design-left-and-printed-example-prior-to-use-1ogd0c7l.png Figure 3 - Mount design (left) and printed example prior to use (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-spectral-profile-of-the-fbg-blue-is-stabilised-3quscnn6.png Figure 5 - The spectral profile of the FBG (blue) is stabilised and the 3dB point identified on one of the slopes. The tuneable laser (red) is tuned to this point. Incident ultrasonic waves cause a shift in the wavelength and an oscilloscope output (green) representing the initial wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ultrasonic-detection-setup-incident-planar-1rylevax.png Figure 6 – Ultrasonic detection setup. Incident planar ultrasound is generated by a piezo electric transducer with water based acoustic coupling and detected by optical means through use of edge filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-detection-of-incident-5-10-and-15-mhz-centred-2mefaw38.png Figure 7 – The detection of incident 5, 10 and 15 MHz centred ultrasound using a CYTOP TFBG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cytop-tfbg-connected-to-smf-28-silica-fibre-using-3f3atlu9.png Figure 1. CYTOP TFBG connected to SMF-28 silica fibre using the UV curing method. The joint is secured to a cardboard support and the fibre placed within a custom designed mount https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-evolution-of-spectral-amplitude-and-central-2niplaqe.png Figure 2 - The evolution of spectral amplitude and central wavelength through connectorisation to SMF-28 fibre using the UV curing method. https://scispace.com/papers/l-essor-des-classes-moyennes-dans-les-pays-en-developpement-391cuj35ia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributions-des-revenus-des-menages-appartenant-a-1flv6amd.png Figure 1. Distributions des revenus des ménages appartenant à la classe de revenu intermédiaire (kernel density function). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lheterogeneite-des-classes-moyennes-dans-les-4-pays-bzo3cv8q.png Figure 2. L’hétérogénéité des classes moyennes dans les 4 pays étudiés https://scispace.com/papers/l-ornithine-l-aspartate-in-experimental-portal-systemic-33xvt5xrrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cerebrospinal-fluid-amino-acid-concentrations-in-1xw602lt.png Table 2. Cerebrospinal Fluid Amino Acid Concentrations in Ammonium Acetate-Treatec Portacaval-Shunted Rats: Effect of OA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plasma-amino-acid-concentrations-in-ammonium-acetate-ferthg8b.png Table 1. Plasma amino acid concentrations in ammonium acetate-treated, portacaval-shunted rats: Effect of OA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protective-effect-of-oa-300-mg-kg-h-i-v-in-ammonium-2l0fg41k.png Figure 1. Protective effect of OA (300 mg/kg/h, i.v) in ammonium acetate-induced coma in portacaval-shunted rats in relation to plasma ammonia (left panel) and urea (right panel). Values significantly different from saline-treated controls indicated by *p<0.05, **p<0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-displacement-of-transaminase-equilibria-by-oa-oat-370fce6w.png Figure 3. Displacement of transaminase equilibria by OA. OAT: ornithine aminotransferase; AAT: aspartate aminotransferase; GSADH: glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-schematic-representation-of-the-urea-2j1zbp4z.png Figure 2. Simplified schematic representation of the urea cycle showing potential points of stimulation of urea cycle flux by L-ornithine and L-aspartate. https://scispace.com/papers/lab-hackathons-to-overcome-laboratory-equipment-shortages-in-533j6x2siw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-team-that-won-the-prize-for-most-frugal-design-i8fohrni.png Figure 8: The team that won the prize for most frugal design built a centrifuge from a food mixer. Photo credit to Jefrey Barbee/Alliance Earth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-participant-demonstrates-his-teams-pcr-machine-11cd31tb.png Figure 7: A participant demonstrates his team’s PCR machine. This team won the prize for best documentation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-team-presenting-their-prototype-bioreactor-25h2ugph.png Figure 10: A team presenting their prototype bioreactor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-participants-take-part-in-a-session-on-building-a-24fvy8j9.png Figure 9: Participants take part in a session on building a $10microscope. The session was run by event collaborator Andre Maia Chagas. Photo credit to Jefrey Barbee/Alliance Earth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-harare-institute-of-technology-the-venue-for-the-2y9m70yj.png Figure 1: Harare Institute of Technology: the venue for the pilot LabHack event in Zimbabwe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inside-the-hall-used-for-equipment-demonstrations-3jesqrq2.png Figure 2: Inside the hall used for equipment demonstrations during the pilot LabHack event https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-team-presenting-their-prototype-hydroponics-and-38lnrxk7.png Figure 4: A team presenting their prototype hydroponics and vermiculture infusion instrument at the LabHack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-at-the-labhack-participants-join-a-workshop-session-d3ebquhm.png Figure 3: At the LabHack, participants join a workshop session on using an Arduino, whichwas runby a local start-up company https://scispace.com/papers/labor-markets-and-income-support-what-did-we-learn-from-the-4xgtldhmnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gcdf2zbn.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2h631l4q.png Table 6_____ Health Fund: Expected Revenues 1999 2000 2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-si52al6f.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-99eo9o5r.png Table 4.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-allocation-of-education-and-health-care-spending-u2ngpj1t.png Figure 4 3 . Allocation of Education and Health Care Spending in Countries with IMF-Supported Programs, 1994 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-1gdcy3ik.png Table 4.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-bulgaria-publicly-guaranteed-debt-outstanding-end-of-1mzqbb8j.png Table 7_____ Bulgaria : Publicly Guaranteed Debt Outstanding (end of 1998) Amount As % of GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-20fg5ij1.png Table 4.2 https://scispace.com/papers/laboratory-gas-phase-detection-of-the-cyclopropenyl-cation-c-5930ogzwoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectroscopic-constants-in-cm-1-of-c-c3h3-3qivyz1m.png Table 2 Spectroscopic Constants (in cm−1) of c-C3H3+ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wavenumbers-of-the-observed-ro-vibrational-1ax21eml.png Table 1 Wavenumbers of the Observed Ro-vibrational Transitions of the ν4 Fundamental Band of c-C3H3+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-parts-of-the-experimental-spectra-recorded-in-305f71lm.png Figure 2. Three parts of the experimental spectra recorded in the C3H4/He (a, upper trace) and C3H4/He/Ar (b) plasma. The latter spectrum is inverted and illustrates absorption features due to other plasma products that also show up in the upper trace of (a). The simulated spectra using the derived spectroscopic parameters (as listed in Table 2) are shown in the lower trace of (a). Absorption lines unambiguously identified as ro-vibrational transitions of c-C3H3+ are marked by asterisks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-geometry-of-c-c3h3-the-type-of-cc-bond-16ifnvpl.png Figure 1. Equilibrium geometry of c-C3H3+. The type of CC bond is an intermediate between a typical double bond and single bond. Bond lengths are ab initio calculated values by Huang et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/papers/laboratory-model-for-plastic-fragmentation-in-the-turbulent-46h1rra96g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fragmentation-statistics-a-breaking-probability-p-as-a-2hyvxdoq.png FIG. 4. Fragmentation statistics. (a) Breaking probability p as a function of fibre length L (solid lines) and its model from Eq. (19) (dashed lines) for different breaking parameters. The horizontal dashed dotted line indicates p ≡ 1 and the vertical thin solid line shows L = Lc ≡ 2. (b) Logarithm of the breaking location probability γ as a function of fibre lengths L and L′ for KB = 2. The dashed line shows L = L ′ while the dashed dotted one indicates L = L′/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temporal-evolution-of-mean-fragment-length-l-a-183qfun8.png FIG. 6. Temporal evolution of mean fragment length 〈L〉. (a) Simulations (solid lines) and model (dashed lines). (b) Experiments (symbols) and model with a distribution of breaking parameters centred around the value indicated in the legend (dashed lines). The error bars on the experimental points are representative of the number of fragments collected for each experiment. In both panels, L0/2 and L = 1 are indicated by the solid and dashed dotted horizontal black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-obtained-with-the-model-based-on-rare-qnkboy1g.png FIG. 9. Results obtained with the model based on rare fragmentation events in highly turbulent regions. (a) Time evolution of the fragment length distribution for L0 = 10. The vertical dashed line shows the initial length while the vertical dashed dotted line indicates L = 1. (b) Time evolution of the mean fragment length 〈L〉, for 3 different initial fibre lengths L0. The horizontal dashed lines show the initial length with corresponding colors and the horizontal dashed dotted line indicates L = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-exponential-tails-of-the-length-distributions-a-zqswy1v7.png FIG. 5. Exponential tails of the length distributions. (a) Temporal evolution of the fragment length distribution obtained with the simplification of Eq. (18). The panel is in lin-log scales to emphasise on the exponential tail of the distribution. The vertical dashed dotted line shows L = Lc ≡ 2. The inset shows the temporal evolution of the mean fragment length 〈L〉. (b) Temporal evolution of the fragment length distribution with KB = 2, obtained in the numerical simulations (solid lines) and for the numerical solution of the full evolution equation (thin dashed lines, see Section IV C). The exponential fits of the tails are shown with dashed dotted thick lines. Note that this panel is also in lin-log scales to emphasise the tail of the distributions, contrary to Fig. 2(c) which is in log-log scales. (c) Correspondance between the theoretical time scale τ/p0L and the physical time scale t/TI for the numerical simulations and the numerical solution of the full evolution equation (see Section IV C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-left-and-numerical-right-fragment-length-2e6da0zx.png FIG. 2. Experimental (left) and numerical (right) fragment length distributions with L ≡ `/`e. Top line shows the time evolution for a fixed breaking parameter KB = 2.1 in experiments (a) and KB = 2 in the simulations (c). Bottom line corresponds to the evolution as a function of breaking parameter for a fixed time t/TI = 18 × 103 in experiments (b) and t/TI = 100 in the simulations (d). With corresponding colors, the thin dashed lines represent the model discussed further in the text (see Section IV C). The vertical dashed dotted lines indicate L = 1 in all panels and the error bars represent ±4 fragments for the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fluids-flow-characteristics-elastic-lengths-and-16ql2w6w.png TABLE I. Fluids, flow characteristics, elastic lengths and breaking parameters for the experiments performed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-with-the-experiments-a-temporal-evolution-1okzbsu3.png FIG. 10. Comparison with the experiments. (a) Temporal evolution of the mean fragment length 〈L〉 for experiments, and for the two models: the one based on the rare fragmentation events (blue) and the statistical one (red). This last model is mainly discussed in the main body of the paper (see Section IV C and Fig. 6(b)) and is here shown for a global comparison. For each model, the dashed line corresponds to the results with a single parameter (T0 or KB) while the solid line represents the result for a distribution of the parameter considered. The horizontal dashed dotted line indicates L = 1. (b) Distribution of the mean time scale T0 between two fragmentation events for long fibres that allows us to match the temporal evolution of the experimental mean fragment length in panel (a). (c) Time evolution of the laboratory fragment length distribution for a fixed breaking parameter KB = 2.1, with error bars indicating ±4 fragments. With corresponding colors, the thin dashed lines represent the model discussed in this section. The vertical dashed line indicates L0 for the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fragment-length-distributions-with-different-initial-1tg30eoo.png FIG. 8. Fragment length distributions with different initial fibre lengths L0. (a) Experiments for KB = 2.4 at t/TI = 18× 103. The errorbars correspond to ±4 fragments. (b) Model for KB = 2 at t = 103. The inset represents the time evolution of the mean fragment length for 3 different initial fibre lengths L0. The colors correspond to different initial fibre lengths L0, given in the legends and represented by vertical dashed lines in both panels. In both panels, the vertical dashed dotted lines indicate L = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/laboratory-modelling-of-the-effects-of-temporal-changes-of-3m6nu0y0x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-current-length-l-as-a-function-of-time-t-for-six-1gnps4wm.png Figure 4. Current length l as a function of time t for six experiments with Ω =2.0 rad s−1 and g′ =16.3 cm s−2. In each experiment, flow rate at source decreased by q =19.7 cm3 s−1 from q0 = 26.1 cm 3 s−1 to q1 = 6.4 cm 3 s−1 at time t̂ ≡ toff identified in the key in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-length-l-as-a-function-of-time-t-for-six-21da75c5.png Figure 3. Current length l as a function of time t for six experiments with Ω =2.0 rad s−1 and g′ =16.3 cm s−2. In each experiment, flow rate at source increased by q =19.7 cm3 s−1 from q0 = 6.4 cm 3 s−1 to q1 = 26.1 cm 3 s−1 at time t̂ ≡ ton identified in the key in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-current-acceleration-a-as-a-function-of-the-3epeovib.png Figure 5. The current acceleration, a, as a function of the time, t , for the experiments with ton =26.45 s of figure 3 ( ) and toff =19.45 s of figure 4 (×). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-ratio-uw-um-u0-as-a-function-of-the-non-20205r4e.png Figure 10. The ratio (uw − um)/u0 as a function of the non-dimensional time, T . increasing flow rate; × decreasing flow rate at source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-experimental-set-up-1km24tlv.png Figure 1. Sketch of the experimental set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-non-dimensional-current-length-l-as-a-function-of-1ryquk4j.png Figure 6. Non-dimensional current length L as a function of the non-dimensional time T . before increase of flow rate; × after increase of flow rate. The solid line represents the theoretical prediction, L=(3/4)T , of TL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-non-dimensional-current-length-l-as-a-function-of-d4zrtij4.png Figure 7. Non-dimensional current length L as a function of the non-dimensional time T . before decrease of flow rate; × after decrease of flow rate. The solid line represents the theoretical prediction, L=(3/4)T , of TL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-visualizations-showing-a-current-dark-fluid-ex5n8pet.png Figure 2. Flow visualizations showing a current (dark fluid) flowing along the wall of the circular tank. The turntable rotates anticlockwise (Ω > 0). The current also propagates anticlockwise keeping the wall to its right. https://scispace.com/papers/labour-market-reforms-in-italy-evaluating-the-effects-of-the-wc2k21koca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-employment-rate-of-young-people-15-24-years-in-1ltbmliy.png Figure 2: Employment rate of young people (15-24 years) in Italy and Europe (EU15) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-employment-by-professional-group-2000-2s9a7v3o.png Figure 6: Change in employment by professional group (2000-2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-share-of-temporary-and-permanent-employment-on-3857f17i.png Figure 8: Share of temporary and permanent employment on total dependent employment over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-outflow-from-unemployment-q1-q2-2015-as-of-12nkr5nh.png Figure 9: Outflow from unemployment, Q1-Q2 2015 (as % of unemployed persons aged 15-74 in Q1 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-outflow-from-unemployment-into-inactivity-as-of-22r2cunp.png Figure 12: Outflow from unemployment into inactivity (as % of unemployment persons), 2010Q3-2015Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-employment-rate-by-sex-and-macro-region-1d5vlbb9.png Figure 1: Employment rate by sex and macro region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temporary-contracts-by-modal-age-1w1uh66t.png Figure 4: Temporary contracts by modal age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-share-of-temporary-employment-by-duration-of-labour-1b2e4k62.png Figure 5: Share of temporary employment by duration of labour contract https://scispace.com/papers/lactate-mediated-acidification-of-tumor-microenvironment-11qt3i8670 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-remaining-tumor-infiltrating-cd56bright-nk-cells-21ca4o4y.png Figure 3. Remaining tumor-infiltrating CD56bright NK cells are activated and express the proteins required for cytotoxic responses. A, Representative histograms of NKG2D, NKp46, NKp44, and NKG2C in CD56bright NK cells in samples from tumor (solid line), adjacent (dotted line), and distal tissue (dashed line; black filled bar, FMO). B, The percentage of NKG2DþCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. C, The percentage of NKp46þCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. D, The percentage of NKp44þCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. E, The percentage of NKG2CþCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. F, Representative histograms of granzyme B, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme K in CD56bright NK cells in samples from tumor (solid line), adjacent (dotted line), and distal tissue (dashed line; black filled bar, FMO). G, The expression of granzyme B in CD56bright NK cells from tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. H, The expression of perforin in CD56bright NK cells from tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. I, The expression of granzyme A in CD56bright NK cells from tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. J, The expression of granzyme K in CD56bright NK cells from tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. Data presented as mean SEM. Data analyzed using the Friedman test, with Dunn multiple comparison test (n¼ 5; , P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-19fjrpjt.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cacu4qjr.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ohpim78o.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tumor-infiltrating-cd56bright-nk-cells-maintain-a-sy1tgnoq.png Figure 2. Tumor-infiltrating CD56bright NK cells maintain a liver-resident phenotype. A, Representative dot plots of Eomes and Tbet expression in CD56bright NK cells in samples from tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. B, The percentage of Eomeshi Tbetlo CD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. C, Representative histograms of CXCR6, TRAIL, CD69, and CD49a in CD56bright NK cells in samples from tumor (solid line), adjacent (dotted line), and distal tissue (dashed line; black filled bar, FMO). D, The percentage of CXCR6þCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. E, The percentage of CD69þCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. F, The percentage of CD49aþCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. G, The percentage of TRAILþCD56bright NK cells in tumor, adjacent, and distal tissue. Data presented as mean SEM. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test, with Dunn multiple comparison test. (B, n¼ 6; D–G, n¼ 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1yith7dk.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/papers/land-surface-processes-analysis-using-sentinel-3-olci-and-4b5kctuyiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-atmospheric-processing-chain-spectral-eczor6rc.png Fig. 4: Schematic of atmospheric processing chain. Spectral BRDF descriptors in the MODIS bands are used to provide a prior distribution for kernel weights in the target (in this case, OLCI) sensor bands using linear transformations. Prior atmospheric parameter distributions are obtained from CAMS, and emulators of the 6S model are used to invert both atmospheric parameters and BRDF kernel weights in OLCI spectral space. These are then transformed back to MODIS space, and used for subsequent processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-olci-toa-reflectance-with-predictions-1zaff80n.png Fig. 5: Comparison of OLCI TOA reflectance with predictions from MODIS using the spectral transforms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-retrieved-effective-leaf-area-index-left-12pr9b6b.png Fig. 6: Examples of retrieved effective leaf area index (left) using the proposed approach on MODIS data and the official MODIS LAI product (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-olci-toa-left-and-boa-right-reflectance-for-tile-mz6dipwt.png Fig. 1: OLCI TOA (left) and BOA (right) reflectance for tile h17v05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-spectral-transformations-olci-reflectance-1oaoxiwk.png Fig. 3: Examples of spectral transformations: OLCI reflectance predicted from MODIS bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-spectral-transformations-modis-reflectance-17bsh0ac.png Fig. 2: Examples of spectral transformations: MODIS reflectance predicted from OLCI bands. https://scispace.com/papers/land-use-change-carbon-sequestration-and-poverty-alleviation-24avdnah9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potential-carbon-mitigation-by-land-use-change-tfpuaq0w.png Table 1. Potential Carbon Mitigation by Land Use Change Category and Region https://scispace.com/papers/language-independent-aspect-oriented-programming-r30tafxyk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-language-independence-test-cases-yze78wtm.png Figure 10 Language-independence test cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categorization-of-dynamic-join-points-3w3fts53.png Table 1 Categorization of dynamic join points https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-designators-that-can-expose-execution-context-15u0g7k2.png Table 4 Designators that can expose execution context. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-joinpoint-class-hierarchy-3qggb062.png Figure 8 JoinPoint class hierarchy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dynamic-assembly-as-modelled-by-emit-library-3pdd0ivw.png Figure 6 Dynamic assembly as modelled by Emit library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-resolving-emit-object-hierarchy-and-cli-metadata-3005do2a.png Figure 7 Resolving Emit object hierarchy and CLI metadata https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-primitive-pointcut-designator-support-currently-4z408k9b.png Table 6 Primitive pointcut designator support currently implemented in Weave.NET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-advice-support-currently-implemented-in-weave-net-145s38bw.png Table 7 Advice support currently implemented in Weave.NET. https://scispace.com/papers/landau-levels-in-asymmetric-graphene-trilayers-14eyq1rgss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-landau-level-spectrum-for-abc-stacked-fg6ivkw2.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Landau-level spectrum for ABC-stacked trilayer graphene as function of U1, for B = 3 T and U2 = U3 = 50 meV, with n = 0 (black dots), n = 1 (red squares), n = 2 (green diamonds), n = 3 (blue up triangles), and n = 4 (yellow down triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-landau-level-spectrum-for-the-trilayer-3iwsf1lz.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Landau-level spectrum for the trilayer graphene for the ABC stacking, as function of magnetic field, with U1 = 100 meV, U2 = 50 meV, and U3 = 25 meV, for n = 0 (black solid lines), n = 1 (red dotted lines), n = 2 (green dashed lines), n = 3 (blue dot-dashed lines), and n = 4 (yellow dot-dot-dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-landau-level-spectrum-for-abc-stacked-v1gbqtxa.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Landau level spectrum for ABC-stacked trilayer graphene as function of U2, for B = 3 T and U1 = U3 = 50 meV, with n = 0 (black dots), n = 1 (red squares), n = 2 (green diamonds), n = 3 (blue up triangles), and n = 4 (yellow down triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-low-lying-landau-levels-as-function-of-2jyt32j5.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Low-lying Landau levels as function of the potential in the inner layer for ABA-stacked graphene trilayers, for n = 1 (red squares), 2 (green diamonds), and 3 (blue up triangles) for B = 3 T, U1 = U3 = 50 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-low-lying-landau-levels-as-function-of-30huiqvf.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Low-lying Landau levels as function of the potential in the uppermost layer for ABA-stacked graphene trilayers, for n = 1 (red squares), 2 (green diamonds), and 3 (blue up triangles) for B = 3 T, U2 = 50 meV, U3 = 25 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-energy-spectrum-as-function-of-magnetic-2hytk06e.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Energy spectrum as function of magnetic field for ABA-stacked graphene trilayers, for U1 = 100 meV, U2 = 50 meV, and U3 = 25 meV, n = 0 (black dots), n = 1 (red squares), n = 2 (green diamonds), n = 3 (blue up triangles), and n = 4 (yellow down triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-landau-level-spectrum-for-the-trilayer-2i0on52k.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Landau-level spectrum for the trilayer graphene for the ABC stacking, as function of magnetic field, with U1 = U2 = U3 = 0 (a), and U1 = U3 = 50 meV, U2 = 100 meV (b) for n = 0 (black solid lines), n = 1 (red dotted lines), n = 2 (green dashed lines), n = 3 (blue dot-dashed lines), and n = 4 (yellow dot-dot-dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrammatic-scheme-of-couplings-in-graphene-trilayers-2ctornyf.png FIG. 1. Diagrammatic scheme of couplings in graphene trilayers for ABC (a) and ABA (b) stackings. https://scispace.com/papers/lanthanide-loaded-liposomes-for-multimodality-imaging-and-1pkjwouq8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efficiency-and-stability-of-radiolabeled-liposomes-6v6xz4e4.png Table 2. Efficiency and Stability of Radiolabeled Liposomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-liposome-characteristics-3vil1coc.png Table 1. Liposome Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/lanthanide-diphosphonates-based-on-a-v-shaped-ligand-3dwlsy8tl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experimental-excitation-wavelength-280-nm-and-dxo8nptg.png Table 4 Experimental (excitation wavelength 280 nm) and calculated intensity parameters (Ω), radiative (kr) and nonradiative (knr) transition probabilities, emission quantum efficiency (η) and quantum yield (q) values of the 5D0 emitting level https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-theoretical-values-of-the-intramolecular-energy-1fqf1cw3.png Table 5 Theoretical values of the intramolecular energy transfer and back-transfer rates (s−1) calculated for compound 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-excitation-left-and-emission-right-spectra-7wv53hda.png Fig. 7 Normalized excitation (left) and emission (right) spectra of compound 4 at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-excitation-and-emission-spectra-of-ligand-pk1sk13e.png Fig. 4 Normalized excitation and emission spectra of ligand H4L (left) and compound 2 (right) at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-excitation-left-and-emission-right-spectra-1xdobyqb.png Fig. 5 Normalized excitation (left) and emission (right) spectra of compound 1 at room temperature obtained by exciting at 280 (red) and 393 nm (cyan), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tga-diagrams-of-compounds-1-4-qpo66xsn.png Fig. 3 TGA diagrams of compounds 1–4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-excitation-left-and-emission-right-spectra-35w7eu19.png Fig. 6 Normalized excitation (left) and emission (right) spectra of compound 3 at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xprep-diagram-of-1-thermal-ellipsoids-are-given-at-50-37nd0v8b.png Fig. 1 XPREP diagram of 1 (thermal ellipsoids are given at 50% probability). A: 1 + z, x, −1 + y; B: y, 1 + z, −1 + x; C: x, 2.0 − y, 0.5 − z; D: 1.5 − z, x, 1.0 − y; E: 2.0 − y, 1.5 − z, −1 + x. https://scispace.com/papers/laplace-pressure-based-disjoining-pressure-isotherm-in-non-1orfu30xpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-surface-potentials-given-by-the-best-fits-and-1wnh5s1h.png TABLE I. Surface potentials given by the best fits, and surface charges, obtained by the different models. Error estimates of 25% and 50% are sketched in Fig. 3. Despite a best fit yielding symmetrical values for W1 and W2, satisfactory solutions are obtained for a large range of values of surface potential, for the second and third scenarios. See supplementary material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-from-the-fits-for-different-models-the-blue-5mgdcdki.png FIG. 3. Results from the fits for different models. The blue curve represents the optimized values of the potentials. The dark blue area represents a 25% variation of the surface charges and the light blue a 50% variation. (a) Fit with the constant surface charge model (CC). (b) Fit with the constant surface potential model (CP). (c) Fit with the LSA model with z ¼ c1 c2 as a single fitting parameter. (d) Fit from the full calculation (FC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-disjoining-pressure-isotherm-obtained-with-ax3d982k.png FIG. 2. (a) Typical disjoining pressure isotherm obtained with the Laplace pressure set-up. Different points are measured in cells of different thicknesses. Inset: typical raw image from which the flat film thickness is extracted (over the red dashed zone). (b) Disjoining pressure isotherm containing the steric, vdW, and electrostatic contributions. The height of the cell sets Pconf, allowing for the measurement of one point on the isotherm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematics-of-the-microfluidic-chip-and-notation-2uef6uug.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematics of the microfluidic chip and notation used in the text. (b) Laplace pressure set-up: droplet cross-section, the pressure inside the drop is in equilibrium with the disjoining pressure in the film of thickness h. https://scispace.com/papers/large-enhancement-of-forster-resonance-energy-transfer-on-1zahyg4j4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enhancement-factor-e-first-column-the-energy-transfer-3a8kyjm6.png FIG. 3. Enhancement factor E (first column), the energy transfer function close to graphene ~T (second column) and in free space ~T ðvacÞ (third column) in the xy plane for x ¼ 0:7 eV and (a)–(c) eA ¼ eD ¼ ex, (d)–(f) eA ¼ eD ¼ ey, (g)–(i) eA ¼ eD ¼ ez, and (j) –(l) eA ¼ ex and eD ¼ ey. The x and y coordinates are normalized to the propagation length of the graphene plasmon lP¼ 486 nm, z¼ 10 nm, and EF¼ 1 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-c-enhancement-factor-e-for-d-and-a-placed-along-the-1jr2qm39.png FIG. 2. (a)–(c) Enhancement factor E for D and A placed along the x-axis as a function of distance d for different frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 0.7 eV (z¼ 10 nm and EF¼ 1 eV). The distance is for each frequency normalized to the corresponding propagation length lP of the graphene plasmon. The orientations of the dipole moment are (a) eA ¼ eD ¼ ex, (b) eA ¼ eD ¼ ey, and (c) eA ¼ eD ¼ ez. (d) Enhancement factor E for eA ¼ eD ¼ ez as a function of frequency and distance. The white dashed line is a plot of 1=ImðjPÞ from Eq. (10). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-in-plane-confinement-kp-k-the-propagation-length-fpzegagy.png TABLE I. The in-plane confinement kP=k, the propagation length lP, and lP=kP of the surface plasmons in graphene using T¼ 300 K, EF¼ 1 eV and s ¼ 10 13 s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-transfer-function-t-for-a-ea-1-4-ex-and-ed-1-4-1bb24l35.png FIG. 4. Energy transfer function ~T for (a) eA ¼ ex and eD ¼ ez and (b) eA ¼ ey and eD ¼ ez in x-y plane. The x and y axis are normalized to propagation length lP, z¼ 10 nm, EF¼ 1 eV, and x ¼ 0:7 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-enhancement-factor-e-log-scale-for-a-d-a-pair-above-a-2mk1hmpt.png FIG. 5. Enhancement factor E (log scale) for a D-A pair above (a) graphene on a SiC substrate and (b) suspended graphene as a function of the D-A distance d and the frequency; z¼ 10 nm and EF¼ 0.5 eV. The arrows mark the transversal and longitudinal phonon frequencies xT and xL of SiC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-d-and-a-above-a-sheet-of-graphene-a-3c8ggw4x.png FIG. 1. Sketch of the D and A above a sheet of graphene.a)biehs@theorie.physik.uni-oldenburg.de https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-genomic-rearrangements-in-selected-arabidopsis-3e3304dw8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-organization-of-the-nuclear-genome-of-gk-082g09-with-a-n6cf5nt3.png Fig. 2 Organization of the nuclear genome of GK-082G09 with a focus on translocations, inversions and T-DNA structures. A-C: For a description of the figure elements see legend to Fig. 1. D: Read coverage depth analyses of the region of Chr3 that is involved in the fusions which confirms a deletion of about 4 kbp from Chr3. The reads that cover the deleted part were derived from the wild type allele present in the segregating population (see methods) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-organization-of-the-nuclear-genome-of-gk-909h04-with-a-gn34hrcd.png Fig. 7 Organization of the nuclear genome of GK-909H04 with a focus on insertions and T-DNA structures. A-D: For a description of the figure elements see legend to Fig. 6. A: The read coverage depth plot includes two zoom-in enlargements of the regions at 14.3 and 20.3 Mbp of Chr1. These two display variable coverage in the region of the truncated T-DNA insertion 909H04-At1g38212 (see text), and increased coverage next to the T-DNA insertion 909H04-At1g54390. C: Duplicated inversion detected in the local assembly of GK-909H04 which is also supported by read coverage depicted in Panel A. Green block, sequence part from the plastome (cpDNA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-organization-of-the-nuclear-genome-of-gk-089d12-with-a-2u09xtai.png Fig. 3 Organization of the nuclear genome of GK-089D12 with a focus on translocations, inversions and T-DNA structures. A-C: For a description of the figure elements see legend to Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-organization-of-the-nuclear-genome-of-gk-767d12-with-a-17u9bij4.png Fig. 6 Organization of the nuclear genome of GK-767D12 with a focus on translocations, inversions and T-DNA structures. A-E: For a description of the figure elements see legend to Fig. 1. B: Results from a read coverage depth analysis are depicted that revealed a large duplication compared to the TAIR9 Col-0 reference sequence. We used read coverage depth data to decide for the selection of the zygosity of the insertions and rearrangements displayed for Chr2 in the ideograms in panel A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-organization-of-the-nuclear-genome-of-gk-654a12-with-a-10eo4kyl.png Fig. 4 Organization of the nuclear genome of GK-654A12 with a focus on translocations, inversions and T-DNA structures. A-C: For a description of the figure elements see legend to Fig. 1. See Additional file 2 for an explanation of pGABI1. D: The T-DNA insertion in Chr2 is associated with a small duplicated inversion of about 160 bp as already described for a fraction of all T-DNA::genome junctions [13] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-findings-summary-of-ont-sequenced-gabi-kat-t-dna-3kyggqy0.png Table 1 Key findings summary of ONT-sequenced GABI-Kat T-DNA insertion lines https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-availability-of-scripts-vebhg6to.png Table 2 Availability of scripts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-decrease-of-phred-score-in-ont-reads-when-running-from-und0dkff.png Fig. 8 Decrease of Phred score in ONT reads when running from genomic sequence into a T-DNA array. The insertion used as example is from line GK-038B07 and is shown in Fig. 1 C. A/B: Read quality data from two ONT reads with opposite direction. The reads are displayed in 5’ to 3’ orientation. Green and blue bars indicate the read parts matching Chr3 and Chr5, respectively. The red bar indicates the position of the T-DNA array which is arranged as inverted repeat. Read IDs of the two examples are shown above each panel. The read quality drop to a Phred score of about 7 occurs when the second part of the inverted repeat is sequenced https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-analysis-of-redox-sensitive-conditionally-1t3eq4vl0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimentally-characterized-redox-sensitive-yeast-mvos3z1x.png Table 1. Experimentally characterized redox-sensitive yeast proteins containing predicted conditionally disordered regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-go-term-enrichment-of-human-redox-sensitive-1xaafr9d.png Figure 4: GO term enrichment of human redox-sensitive conditionally disordered proteins. Panels A-D show the 50 GO biological process terms that are most enriched, compared to the full human proteome. Colours denote the dominance of either metal ion coordinating, or disulfide bonded structural elements. Terms that are associated with both structural elements with equal frequency are shown in grey. A: molecular processes, B: pathway/network level processes, C: cellular processes, D: organism level processes. For members of all four slims, together with exact numbers of occurrences and enrichments, see Supplementary material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proteome-wide-distribution-of-redox-sensitive-13ax559s.png Figure 3: Proteome-wide distribution of redox-sensitive protein regions. A: the fraction of proteins containing redox-sensitive regions as a function of proteome size (on a logarithmic scale). Red boxes mark pathogens, with the host organisms following the name. B: Length distribution of redox-sensitive regions across various domains of life and viruses. C: The number of predicted redox-sensitive metal ion coordinating (red) and disulfide bonded (blue) conditionally disordered structural units (left vertical axis). Proteome sizes are shown in grey bars for reference (right vertical axis). D: The frequency of various Pfam domains among the predicted redox-sensitive structural switches (see supplementary material for full lists). Red boxes mark metal ion coordinating domains, and blue boxes mark disulfide bonded domains. Only domains with a relative frequency of 1.25% or higher are shown in separate boxes, other domain types are merged and shown as “other”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-known-examples-of-redox-change-induced-structural-203mitpj.png Figure 1: Known examples of redox-change induced structural transitions. Structural figures: cysteines are shown in blue, metal ions are marked as green spheres. The di-leucine degradation motif of CD4 is shown in red. Green ticks and red crosses mark the active and inactive states of the proteins/complexes. The prediction output is taken from the IUPred2A web server, with purple shadings marking the predicted redox-sensitive regions, and blue ovals showing the positions of the redox-sensitive Cys residues. UniProt accessions used: P0A6Y5 (Hsp33), Q12287 (COX17), P01730 (CD4), P06239 (Lck). PDB IDs used: Hsp33|reduced (1xjh), COX17|oxidized (1z2g), CD4:Lck|reduced (1q68). Structures of Hsp33, CD4 and Lck feature only the redox-sensitive regions. https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-surveys-suggest-limited-mercury-availability-in-z1o7i2wq3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-slopes-of-mercury-biomagnification-hg-vs-15n-and-mhtkxe47.png Table 3. Slopes of mercury biomagnification (Hg vs. 15N) and corresponding trophic magnification factors for significant slopes at 14 sites in the Mitchell River, Queensland, Australia. Italicized text in parentheses indicates values calculated after removing Macrobrachium spp. from the analysis (see Discussion). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-samples-analysed-for-total-mercury-in-4o39njcc.png Table 2. Number of samples analysed for total mercury in sediment at locations across Cape York, Queensland, and the number of those samples above the analytical detection limit of 0.1 µg g-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-739-lbsx2ad2.png Figure 3. 739 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-721-16r94ynk.png Figure 2. 721 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-samples-analysed-for-unfiltered-and-3rx43ftx.png Table 1. Number of samples analysed for unfiltered and dissolved total mercury in water at locations across Cape York, Queensland, and the number of those samples above the analytical detection limit of 0.1 µg L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-706-a7ykq6kn.png Figure 1. 706 https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-visual-sentiment-ontology-and-detectors-using-1zmipwohfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-3-anps-for-basic-emotions-2nt212ie.png Table 2: Top 3 ANPs for basic emotions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tweets-from-the-2012-year-on-twitter-collection-2zsu0g9z.png Figure 1: Tweets from the “2012 Year on Twitter” collection: Barack Obamas reelection tweet (left) and a tweet capturing the destruction caused by Hurricane Sandy (right). Both tweets are characterized by a short text (”four more years” and ”rollercoaster at sea” respectively) and conveying the sentiment visually. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vso-visualization-interface-using-treemap-1fm9mvdn.png Figure 8: VSO visualization interface using Treemap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ap-20-avg-over-5-runs-of-the-reduced-testsets-vs-qy0azfou.png Figure 7: AP@20 (avg. over 5 runs of the reduced testsets) vs. frequency of 1,553 ANP detectors ranked by detector performance. Note only a subset of ANP names are shown due to space limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-proposed-framework-for-constructing-2pcbpuvi.png Figure 2: Overview of the proposed framework for constructing the visual sentiment ontology and SentiBank. Applications in multimodal sentiment prediction is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ap-20-of-anp-detectors-using-different-fusion-i8y74zej.png Figure 10: AP@20 of ANP detectors using different fusion approaches. Performance computed by avg. over 5 runs of the reduced testsets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-anp-detectors-using-different-13hqk86e.png Figure 9: Comparison of ANP detectors using different features. Performance computed by avg. over 5 runs of the reduced testsets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-emotion-classification-performance-1ees32vc.png Figure 14: Emotion classification performance. https://scispace.com/papers/laser-assisted-crack-free-surface-melting-of-large-eutectic-27g7vlqeip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-laser-surface-remelted-ceramic-monolith-processed-2wclsw9b.png Figure  3.  Laser  surface  remelted  ceramic  monolith  processed  under  optimum  conditions  and  cooled  down  to  room  temperature.  No  structural  defects  arising  from  laser remelting can be observed at this scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-images-of-the-typical-critical-fracture-defects-13n07hgd.png Figure  5.  SEM  images  of  the  typical  critical  fracture  defects  corresponding  to:  (a)  reference sample without remelted layer and (b) sample with laser remelted layer. The  arrows indicate the fracture initiation area. As can be observed, remelting of the surface  removes the superficial defects and forces the fracture to start within the zone below the  remelted layer. https://scispace.com/papers/las-vegas-the-perils-of-deception-fueled-growth-23so8uip8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bellagio-fountains-in-las-vegas-c2qo4b7w.png Figure 4. Bellagio Fountains in Las Vegas https://scispace.com/papers/laser-program-annual-report-1984-18mqdzot61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-22-compari-1jusctyr.png Table 7-22. Compari https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-21-compari-1nf9xfpz.png Table 7-21. Compari https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-56-effect-of-cyl-inder-lens-choice-on-goc4qxma.png Fig 2-56. Effect of cyl inder lens choice on https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-8-expected-maximum-energy-on-large-per-beam-3a3ezn68.png Table 2-8. Expected maximum energy on large! per beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-84-comparison-of-loss-measurements-on-gsgg-cr-nd-and-1soleja2.png Fig. 6-84. Comparison of loss measurements on GSGG:Cr,Nd and YAG:Nd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-32-shows-the-constant-net-power-driver-and-rz6eq3yp.png Figure 7-32 shows the constant net power, driver and auxiliary power require ments, and gross electric power as a func tion of the driver pulse rate for the base case. The driver power requirement in creases with increasing pulse rate. This fol lows since a higher pulse rate corresponds to a lower target gain, and, therefore, more power must be recirculated to run the driver. The gross electric power required to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-32-the-gross-electric-power-re-quired-to-maintain-a-1ge93x3m.png Figure 7-32 shows the constant net power, driver and auxiliary power require ments, and gross electric power as a func tion of the driver pulse rate for the base case. The driver power requirement in creases with increasing pulse rate. This fol lows since a higher pulse rate corresponds to a lower target gain, and, therefore, more power must be recirculated to run the driver. The gross electric power required to https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2a-also-compares-the-costs-of-a-linear-chain-and-a-1y4lk5eu.png Table 6-2A also compares the costs of a linear-chain and a multipass-amplifier sys tem constructed with components of the same aperture. The amplifiers make the lurgest single contribution to cost, but the contributions of other components to the overall cost of the system ave significant. Most of the major components are the same for both systems, and the relative costs re flect this fact. The primary differences be tween the two systems are in the cost of the preamplifiers and isolators for the linear chain and the cost of the switch for the multipass system. https://scispace.com/papers/late-pleistocene-to-present-lake-level-fluctuations-at-4blzx84e0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radiocarbon-ages-used-to-constrain-lake-level-g6f39y69.png Table 1. Radiocarbon ages used to constrain lake-level fluctuations in the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins. https://scispace.com/papers/late-albian-paleoceanography-of-the-western-subtropical-3ej8livggy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-oxygen-isotope-data-for-sites-1052-and-1050-g9eaqvj2.png Figure 5a. Oxygen isotope data for sites 1052 and 1050 plotted against age on the basis of the age model of Petrizzo and Huber [2006] using the geochronologic timescale of Gradstein et al. [2004]. Raw data are listed in the auxiliary material. Distribution and thickness of the organic-rich black shales with >0.5% wt % total organic carbon are from data presented by Norris et al. [1998]. The thickness of the OAE 1d interval is based on the carbon isotope stratigraphy discussed in the text. Paleotemperature history is according to the text. Note that arrow indicates interval of reduced planktonic temperature gradient (to 1 C) and increase of bottom water temperature of about 6 C. Stars indicate intervals of temperature decrease at surface, thermocline, and bottom water depths (to 5 C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stable-isotope-crossplots-for-select-benthic-and-3mi0yp2n.png Figure 7. Stable isotope crossplots for select benthic and planktonic foraminifera shown for two samples from Site 1050 and four samples from Site 1052. Inferred depth habitats P. libyca and T. primula are summer mixed layer dwellers; B. breggiensis is a spring mixed layer dweller; Hedbergella spp. and Rotalipora spp. are thermocline dwellers; Globigerinelloides spp., Planomalina spp., and Praeglobotruncana spp. are winter mixed layer dwellers. Raw data are listed in the auxiliary material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paleogeographic-reconstruction-for-the-late-albian-3ut1ltae.png Figure 1. Paleogeographic reconstruction for the late Albian (101 Ma) according to Hay et al. [1999] showing the localities discussed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-carbon-isotope-data-for-sites-1052-and-1050-yx8hn47f.png Figure 5a. Oxygen isotope data for sites 1052 and 1050 plotted against age on the basis of the age model of Petrizzo and Huber [2006] using the geochronologic timescale of Gradstein et al. [2004]. Raw data are listed in the auxiliary material. Distribution and thickness of the organic-rich black shales with >0.5% wt % total organic carbon are from data presented by Norris et al. [1998]. The thickness of the OAE 1d interval is based on the carbon isotope stratigraphy discussed in the text. Paleotemperature history is according to the text. Note that arrow indicates interval of reduced planktonic temperature gradient (to 1 C) and increase of bottom water temperature of about 6 C. Stars indicate intervals of temperature decrease at surface, thermocline, and bottom water depths (to 5 C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-of-a-depth-transect-across-a-proto-gulf-37cff3v7.png Figure 9. Model of a depth transect across a proto-Gulf Stream over the Blake Nose studied sites. The 30 C and the 25 C isotherms are showed separating the warm surface current and the slope waters. Migrations of a protowestern boundary current along the continental margin cause the shoaling of the thermocline at Site 1052 and bring cold water onto the slope at Site 1050 (100.9–100.7 Ma). At 100.4 Ma an increase of the protowestern boundary current over Site 1052 results in a global warming throughout the entire water column. See text for further explanations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-lithology-core-recovery-distribution-of-3s2z637j.png Figure 2. Summary of lithology, core recovery, distribution of black shales, biostratigraphy, and age assignments from sediment recovered from holes 1050C and 1052E. Planktonic foraminiferal zonal boundaries from Petrizzo and Huber [2006] and calcareous nannofossil zones from Watkins et al. [2005]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biostratigraphic-datums-used-to-constrain-age-depth-2q2j3of9.png Table 1. Biostratigraphic Datums Used to Constrain Age-Depth Curves for Sites 1050 and 1052a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-age-depth-curve-for-sites-1050-and-1052-based-on-3sxmu7rs.png Figure 3. Age-depth curve for sites 1050 and 1052 based on the biostratigraphy of Petrizzo and Huber [2006]. Circles represent planktonic foraminifera, and squares represent calcareous nannofossil species; stratigraphic uncertainty is shown as vertical bars. First appearance datum (FAD); last appearance datum (LAD). https://scispace.com/papers/late-delivery-of-nitrogen-to-earth-467lfcbq9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fraction-of-the-present-earths-nitrogen-that-was-mmbjorxe.png Figure 3. Fraction of the present Earth’s nitrogen that was delivered by comets, n nN Nc t( ) ( ), as a function of the cometary isotopic nitrogen ratio, (15N/14N)c. The blue line is the model with the primitive Earth ratio of (15N/14N)p= 3.676 × 10−3, and the yellow line is the model with (15N/14N)p= 3.786 × 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-apsidal-eigenfrequencies-for-each-of-the-solar-22924ypr.png Table 1 The Apsidal Eigenfrequencies for Each of the Solar System Planets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-panel-the-apsidal-precession-rate-of-a-test-1x4q3001.png Figure 4. Top panel: the apsidal precession rate of a test particle as a function of semimajor axis (solid lines) and the eigenfrequencies for the planets (horizontal dotted lines; see Table 1 for specific values). The intersection of the test particle’s precession rate with a planetary eigenfrequency represents the location of an apsidal secular resonance. Bottom panel: the maximum forced eccentricity of a test particle as a function of semimajor axis. The wider the gray region, the more asteroids/comets will undergo resonant perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nitrogen-blue-and-ammonia-green-snow-lines-as-a-vhey6w0z.png Figure 1. Nitrogen (blue) and ammonia (green) snow lines as a function of accretion rate in a steady-state disk with M M = , T R R4000 K, 3 = = , T 58 KN ,snow2 = , and T 131 K.NH ,snow3 = The dashed lines show the snow lines with the fully MRI turbulent disk with αm=0.01. The solid lines represent the snow lines in a disk in a self-gravitating dead zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-density-at-the-snow-line-radius-r-rsnow-in-32xbuxjm.png Figure 2. Surface density at the snow line radius, R=Rsnow, in the steady-state disk for the nitrogen snow line radius (blue lines) and the ammonia snow line radius (green lines). The solid lines are disks with self-gravitating dead zones, and the dashed lines, which lie on top of each other, are fully MRI turbulent disks with αm=0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-initial-distribution-of-semimajor-axis-and-1n4xhm8b.png Figure 5. Initial distribution of semimajor axis and eccentricity of 50,000 test particles. Blue dots are particles that collide with the Earth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-final-distribution-of-semimajor-axis-and-3j14584f.png Figure 6. Final distribution of semimajor axis and eccentricity of the test particles that remain in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-histogram-of-the-number-of-collisions-of-comets-3cczfzfu.png Figure 7. Histogram of the number of collisions of comets with the Earth as a function of time. There are 104 impact particles within 100 Myr. https://scispace.com/papers/lateral-torsional-buckling-design-for-pultruded-frp-beams-4u3b8p8ua2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-i-and-i-for-c1-section-1oyn688d.png Table 7 i and i for C1-section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-calculation-of-partial-factor-m-for-i-section-xxn4dpaa.png Table 8 Calculation of partial factor M for I-section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-generalized-imperfection-factor-elt-16jlm512.png Table 2 Generalized imperfection factor ηLT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-er-and-tr-for-the-i-section-208ygwvn.png Table 4 er and tr for the I-section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-calculation-of-partial-factor-m-for-c1-section-2nqulnmb.png Table 9 Calculation of partial factor M for C1-section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-er-and-tr-for-the-c1-section-1xre32ws.png Table 5 er and tr for the C1-section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elastic-constants-and-the-corresponding-statistical-maonmu5o.png Table 1 Elastic constants and the corresponding statistical data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-i-and-i-for-i-section-1qv9l908.png Table 6 i and i for I-section. https://scispace.com/papers/laterally-stretched-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-uu02gspsn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hr-maldi-tof-spectrum-of-1a-in-dctb-inset-measured-6g9xvtr0.png Fig. 2 (a) HR-MALDI-TOF spectrum of 1a in DCTB; inset: measured (up) and calculated (down) isotopic patterns of C42H20 + (b) HR-MALDI-TOF spectrum of 2b in DCTB; inset: measured (up) and calculated (down) isotopic patterns of C70H56 + . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-and-calculated-r-h-or-me-homo-lumo-orbitals-2jte43if.png Table 1 Observed and calculated (R = H or Me) HOMO–LUMO orbitals of DBPH and TBTP derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-selected-pahs-symmetrical-1zhn443p.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of selected PAHs. Symmetrical planar (p-HBC),25 contorted (c-HBC),20 less symmetrical (DDHH),17 and trapezoidal (TBP)23 structures. https://scispace.com/papers/latitude-associated-evolution-and-drivers-of-thermal-3fiak3iaeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-generalized-linear-mixed-models-1jjny9gg.png Table 2: Results of the (generalized) linear mixed models testing for the effects of temperature 698 and latitude on survival, and the principal components extracted from the set of life history 699 (growth rate, development rate and body size), elemental (C and N contents, C:N ratio), 700 macromolecular (protein, fat, sugar, cuticular melanin and cuticular chitin contents), and 701 physiology (metabolic rate) traits in Ischnura elegans larvae. 702 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1716-2tniiw09.png Figure 1716 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-loadings-of-the-principal-component-analyses-2lhyax46.png Table 1: Factor loadings of the principal component analyses of the set of life history (growth rate, development rate and body size), elemental (C 694 and N contents, C:N ratio), macromolecular (protein, fat, sugar, cuticular melanin and cuticular chitin contents), and physiology (metabolic rate) 695 traits. High factor loadings are indicated in bold. 696 https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-based-memory-allocation-tdgb28ao54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-k-part-for-dbr-dbc-0-0-2xbq4bgo.png Figure 13: K part for (δbr, δbc) = (0, 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-code-for-example-2-29o167mt.png Figure 3: Code for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-iteration-domain-for-example-3-and-corresponding-2vn061uc.png Figure 11: Iteration domain for Example 3 and corresponding set DS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-exactds-for-example-2-z9hg5z1i.png Figure 9: ExactDS for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-same-with-schedule-th-i-j-i-j-j-1y4sngz4.png Figure 10: Same with schedule θ(i, j) = (i+ j, j). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-code-for-example-1-the-second-loop-starts-1-clock-d29spgzx.png Figure 1: Code for Example 1, the second loop starts 1 clock cycles later. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-k-part-for-dbr-dbc-0-1-and-dbr-dbc-1-63-b2olx6v7.png Figure 14: K part for (δbr, δbc) = (0, 1) and (δbr, δbc) = (1,−63). https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-boltzmann-method-simulations-of-stokes-number-1oyyviv068 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-particle-in-a-d2q9-lattice-3ohe9os7.png Figure 3: A particle in a D2Q9 lattice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computational-domain-1kbrzv3b.png Figure 5: Computational domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hydrodynamic-forces-acting-on-the-particle-a-force-2n1onskv.png Figure 4: Hydrodynamic forces acting on the particle: a) Force in the direction parallel to the wall b) Force in the direction normal to the wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-effect-of-initial-position-on-the-particle-1l31nwiu.png Figure 15: Effect of initial position on the particle migration trajectories (St = 1.6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-particle-migration-trajectories-for-different-h-d-haelwds6.png Figure 16: Particle migration trajectories for different H/d ratios (St = 0.5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-particle-migration-trajectories-ogxppzje.png Figure 9: Comparison of the particle migration trajectories for a neutrally buoyant particle in a channel flow at Rep = 0.875. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-migration-regimes-for-a-particle-settling-1nm46g2o.png Table 1: Particle migration regimes for a particle settling in a channel under gravity [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-list-of-cases-examined-in-this-study-1wuoxjxh.png Table 2: A list of cases examined in this study https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-boltzmann-in-micro-and-nano-flow-simulations-2fjdrhlu7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-mass-flux-as-a-function-of-knudsen-number-beo8yqcq.png Fig. 2: Normalized mass flux as a function of Knudsen number in channel flow. Simulations with the standard D2Q9 and a high-order 21-speed model are carried out. To be seen is that while the standard D2Q9 model predicts the Knudsen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collision-operator-in-the-fhp-lattice-gas-cellular-1pqhszkw.png Fig 1: Collision operator in the FHP Lattice Gas Cellular Automaton. For each incoming state on the left column, the possible outcomes are given in the right column. https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-segmentation-and-support-vector-machines-for-large-41f5buigjl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ratio-of-cpoc-cperr-segments-and-maperr-mapcor-1ijxms3y.png Table 2. Ratio of #CPOC/#CPERR segments and #MAPERR/#MAPCOR segments for the confusion pairs observed at least 100 times in the 25 hour test set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-error-counts-over-individual-confusion-pairs-jsqesojv.png Fig. 2. Error counts over individual confusion pairs. https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-vibrational-characteristics-and-structures-2k5izqxn05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relationship-of-the-raman-shift-of-the-f2g-a-and-f2g-24f2orgv.png Fig. 10. Relationship of the Raman shift of the F2g(A) and F2g(B) phonon mode, the experimental dielectric constant and the average length of Mg/Sn-O bonds as a function of x values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-micrographs-of-nms-ceramics-sintered-at-1500degc-2g2in3tg.png Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of NMS ceramics sintered at 1500°C for 4h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-densities-and-dielectric-properties-of-the-nms-h6i2au0y.png Table 4. Densities and dielectric properties of the NMS samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-bond-information-the-average-bond-length-and-the-1jrl1kj1.png Table 3. The bond information, the average bond length and the calculated in octahedra of NMS ceramics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-variation-in-a-relative-density-and-b-permittivity-iqb0qnrz.png Fig. 6. The variation in (a) relative density and (b) permittivity and quality factor Q × f of NMS ceramics as a function of x values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-dielectric-properties-calculated-by-4-p-mode-of-fcre264w.png Table 7. The dielectric properties calculated by 4-P mode of the NMS samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-nms-ceramics-sintered-at-1500-degc-for-h87bvy4c.png Fig. 1. XRD patterns of NMS ceramics sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-rietveld-refinement-plots-of-nd-mg0-5sn0-49-o3-x-0-2yty4lda.png Fig. 2. (a) Rietveld refinement plots of Nd[Mg0.5Sn0.49]O3 (x = -0.02) ceramic, (b) The lattice parameters as a function of the x value. https://scispace.com/papers/layer-by-layer-films-containing-emodin-or-emodin-4dpsvuxigg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ftir-spectra-for-a-cast-film-of-emodin-pei-pvs-10-lbl-23oq1g5o.png Fig. 3. FTIR spectra for (A) cast film of emodin ( ), (PEI/PVS)10 LbL ( ) and (PEI/PVS)2(P ( ) and (PEI/PVS)2(PEI/DPPG-POPG/EM)7 LbL ( ). Each of the films was prepared on a s https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-mode-average-and-concentration-of-32st20dz.png Table 1 Values of mode, average and concentration of liposomes obtained by NTA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-vis-spectrum-of-each-bilayer-of-pei-pvs-2-pei-dppg-3cb015hq.png Fig. 2. UV–vis spectrum of each bilayer of (PEI/PVS)2(PEI/DPPG-POPG-EM)7 LbL film and the solution DPPG-POPG-EM prepared in water. Inset: absorbance vs num- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-release-profile-of-emodin-evaluated-by-uv-vis-dvfnw3si.png Fig. 4. Release profile of emodin evaluated by UV–vis spectroscopy at 315 nm of external solution as function of time of: A) (PEI/PVS)2(PEI/EM)7 LbL film and B) (PEI/PVS)2(PEI/DPPG-POPG-EM)7 LbL films. The inset in A) is a zoom between 0 and 750 min. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the absorbance at 315 nm for solution in different times (n = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ftir-analysis-of-emodin-dppg-popg-liposomes-and-pei-13h250qv.png Table 3 FTIR analysis of emodin, DPPG/POPG liposomes and (PEI/PVS)2(PEI/DPPG-POPG-EM)7 LbL film. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ftir-analysis-of-emodin-pei-pvs-10-and-pei-pvs-2-pei-1gtx0wm0.png Table 2 FTIR analysis of emodin, (PEI/PVS)10, and (PEI/PVS)2(PEI/EM)7 LbL films. https://scispace.com/papers/layered-ensemble-model-for-short-term-traffic-flow-1ub0dv6y7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lem-model-parameters-25142ppu.png TABLE I LEM MODEL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-five-traffic-flow-patterns-uk-motorway-site-2twoofbz.png Fig. 3. First five traffic flow patterns (UK motorway Site 30012533 (AL2989A) 2009) in (a) cluster 1; (b) cluster 2; (c) cluster 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-chart-of-the-test-stage-in-the-proposed-model-7dv9mf42.png Fig. 2. Flow chart of the test stage in the proposed model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-scatter-plot-between-the-target-and-the-output-uk-1j6x1y15.png Fig. 4. (a) Scatter plot between the target and the output (UK data set) (b) Forecasted output and the target (Genoa data set). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lem-model-accuracy-w-r-t-a-in-uk-for-3-months-1ijmcr8z.png Fig. 5. LEM model accuracy w.r.t α in UK for 3 months. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-training-stage-in-the-proposed-model-29sspwnj.png Fig. 1. Flow chart of training stage in the proposed model https://scispace.com/papers/layered-mafic-ultramafic-intrusions-of-fennoscandia-europe-s-45jdh593ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-geological-map-of-the-pechenga-belt-with-1idlppcy.png Fig. 4: A) Geological map of the Pechenga belt with ferropicritic intrusive and volcanic rocks. B) Details of Pilgujärvi layered intrusion (Modified from Hanski et al. 2011, and Smolkin, 2013). C) Massive ore breccia in the floor of intrusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-map-view-of-kotalahti-intrusion-modified-after-mexqdkcd.png Fig. 5: (a) Map view of Kotalahti intrusion (modified after Papunen et al., 1979). (b) Cross-sections of the Kotalahti intrusion, shown in (a). (c) Massive pyrrhotite-pentlandite ore at Laukunkangas. Gangue is magnetite and amphibole (http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/raportti/37_Enonkoski.pdf). (d) Regional setting of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-precambrian-mafic-ultramafic-layered-intrusions-and-iodpd99l.png Fig. 1: Precambrian mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions and magmatic feeder conduits of Fennoscandia. Highlighted dashed lines represent craton margins and suture zones (modified after Maier and Groves, 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineralised-fennoscandian-mafic-ultramafic-3vs45byo.png Table 1: Mineralised Fennoscandian mafic-ultramafic intrusions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-model-for-sulfide-ore-location-in-a-large-3ldj1b1f.png Fig. 2: Schematic model for sulfide ore location in (A) large layered intrusions, and (B) dynamic magma conduit systems including lava channels. Hi=Hitura, Kot=Kotalahti, Sa=Sakatti, Ke=Kevitsa, P=Pechenga. Modified after Maier and Groves (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-layered-intrusions-of-the-tornio-narankavaara-belt-1zhb3k9i.png Fig. 3: (A) Layered intrusions of the Tornio-Näränkävaara belt. Inserts show details of Kemi intrusion (B) and sample of Kemi Cr ore (C). Note rounded fragments of dense chromite in matrix of disseminated chromite and plagioclase, interpreted to result from slumping of chromite slurries during ore formation. https://scispace.com/papers/layout-rules-for-graphical-web-documents-2b6lzjvypq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-objects-forming-closed-shapes-belong-together-b-ury778um.png Figure 3: a) Objects forming closed shapes belong together; b) Similar objects belong together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-if-the-shape-of-a-button-is-too-simple-the-user-2w3k67az.png Figure 2: a) If the shape of a button is too simple the user associates no special information with it; b) a good shape expresses the functionality of the button well; c) if the shape is too complex, the user might forget its meaning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-for-the-law-of-unity-a-unstructured-boxes-22v4woyk.png Figure 4: Examples for the law of unity: a) unstructured boxes lead to uncertainty about the functionality, e.g., about the semantics of the third “submit” button; b) rearranging in lines gives a clearer layout already; c) finally, using frames to group objects leads to obvious semantics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-intersecting-lines-or-double-wedge-in-case-of-ua7gk1j1.png Figure 5: a) Intersecting lines, or double wedge? In case of ambiguity objects are perceived to form the simplest shapes possible. b) We try to map objects to things we know. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-no-indentation-leads-to-a-text-sequence-badly-2y0hvd9p.png Figure 6: a) No indentation leads to a text sequence badly structured and hard to read; b) indenting text forms several groups that are perceived as belonging together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-simple-tree-like-structure-of-a-book-oriented-web-22g3g7r0.png Figure 8: A ’simple’ tree-like structure of a book-oriented Web document https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-a-button-with-appropriate-shadow-b-a-button-with-18is3f0x.png Figure 7: a) A button with appropriate shadow. b) A button with inverse shadow is percieved as being “pushed in” (lying behind the drawing plane) because our experience suggests that light comes from above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-an-almost-round-object-is-perceived-as-a-circle-b-2ev0mw92.png Figure 1: a) An almost round object is perceived as a circle; b) Objects close to each other appear to belong together. https://scispace.com/papers/lcvd-of-aluminium-stripes-obtained-by-pyrolysis-of-tmaa-and-4s6ew80qwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stripes-width-as-a-function-fig-5-stripes-width-as-a-bh6z4krv.png Fig. 4. Stripes width as a function Fig. 5. Stripes width as a function of scanning speed at 1 mbar TMA of scanning s eed at 1 mbar TMAA A-1.6W 0 - 0 . 8 W A-?.8w -1.3W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-stripes-height-as-a-function-fig-3-average-7pbrrki6.png Fig 2 Average stripes height as a function Fig 3 Average stripes height as a function of of scanning s eed at I mbar TMA scanning speed at 1 mbar TMAA https://scispace.com/papers/ldl-physical-properties-lipoprotein-and-lp-a-levels-in-1liiw7k5zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-between-gh-and-lp-a-decreases-observed-inm2g2ny.png Fig. 2. Correlation between GH and Lp(a) decreases observed during octreotide therapy. https://scispace.com/papers/ldpc-code-design-aspects-for-physical-layer-key-2v7mmva2ig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-variance-values-3tx74eca.png TABLE I VARIANCE VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-redundancy-and-rate-results-3bsz5agd.png TABLE III REDUNDANCY AND RATE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-channel-density-for-24-res-1v7p15wy.png Fig. 1. Channel density for 24 REs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-binary-codebook-note-that-we-chose-1-to-be-on-the-33oeavkf.png Fig. 2. Binary codebook. (note that we chose −1 to be on the right, which has implications for the following figure) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-variable-node-sub-degree-distributions-1hzj4tch.png TABLE IV VARIABLE NODE SUB-DEGREE DISTRIBUTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-results-3kqw759g.png Fig. 7. BER results https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-mlch-and-variance-s-2-lch-of-the-lch-density-1lluuh6l.png TABLE II MEAN (μLch ) AND VARIANCE (σ 2 Lch ) OF THE Lch DENSITY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pdf-of-the-lch-1uc2cot0.png Fig. 4. PDF of the Lch https://scispace.com/papers/le-controle-organisationnel-du-risque-en-contexte-3xmb9raf6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-une-adaptation-du-modele-des-leviers-de-controle-de-29sm9wkx.png Figure 1 : Une adaptation du modèle des leviers de contrôle de Simons en milieu hospitalier (adapté de Simons, 1995). Au départ du travail liminaire de Simons (1995) et de son questionnement conceptuel (Tessier, Otler, 2012) et après intégration des quelques études déjà consacrées à l'intégration du modèle de Simons au sein des outils de gestion du monde hospitalier (Lartigau, Nobre, 2011), nous pouvons postuler que la stratégie de l'hôpital et le système de contrôle de gestion organisationnelle du risque qui va en permettre la mise en œuvre opérationnelle reposent sur https://scispace.com/papers/ldpc-code-design-for-asynchronous-slepian-wolf-coding-3wnsnmhsml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-achievable-rate-region-for-slepian-wolf-coding-1es6zurw.png Fig. 1. The achievable rate region for Slepian-Wolf coding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overall-code-performance-operating-under-different-3mol0b17.png TABLE II OVERALL CODE PERFORMANCE OPERATING UNDER DIFFERENT dy FOR, p = 1/2, p = 1/3 AND p = 2/3, RESPECTIVELY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performances-of-different-codes-under-various-dy-1mikom2d.png TABLE I PERFORMANCES OF DIFFERENT CODES UNDER VARIOUS dy WITH p = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-performances-of-6-irregular-ldpc-codes-of-length-2-2k7ahf02.png Fig. 6. The performances of 6 irregular LDPC codes of length 2 × 105, with partial X side information at the decoder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-new-scheme-without-common-2iifb0pe.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the new scheme without common randomness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-in-terms-of-distance-to-the-slepian-wolf-2didqb1j.png TABLE III RESULTS IN TERMS OF DISTANCE TO THE SLEPIAN-WOLF LIMIT. https://scispace.com/papers/le-monde-oriental-et-ses-habitants-chez-thucydide-an6l5nczgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tableau-recapitulatif-de-lemploi-des-termes-asie-2uwgguo9.png Figure 1 : tableau récapitulatif de l’emploi des termes Asie/Asiatique et des oppositions ethno-géographiques chez Thucydide. https://scispace.com/papers/le-paysage-humanise-au-quebec-nouveau-statut-nouveau-2p22h9bgzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-la-demande-de-reconnaissance-dun-paysage-humanise-2tnk5ylf.png Figure 3. La demande de reconnaissance d’un paysage humanisé dans la portion ouest de l’Île Bizard, déposée par la ville de Montréal à l’automne 2014, fait notamment valoir la persistance d’un paysage bocager dans un contexte de pression d’urbanisation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-situe-en-bordure-du-golfe-du-saint-laurent-lestran-7nd3jiy8.png Figure 2. Situé en bordure du golfe du Saint-Laurent, l’Estran a été le premier territoire à faire l’objet d’une démarche de reconnaissance de paysage humanisé https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-les-iles-de-berthier-presentent-un-interet-qui-pbfovu3a.png Figure 4. Les îles de Berthier présentent un intérêt qui tient notamment à la richesse de la biodiversité résultant des modes de gestion du niveau des eaux https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-les-differentes-etapes-conduisant-a-lobtention-du-105yo3ds.png Figure 1. Les différentes étapes conduisant à l’obtention du statut de paysage humanisé (MDDELCC, 2015) https://scispace.com/papers/leading-or-avoiding-change-the-problem-of-audience-22b97l29bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-organisational-survey-results-australian-asian-2dhh9g1t.png Figure 1: Organisational survey results (Australian Asian performing arts festival and UK disability audience development case studies combined)0F1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overall-assessment-of-organisations-in-relation-to-2dycpst3.png Table 5: Overall assessment of organisations in relation to the Leading Change for Audience Diversification model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evidence-of-practice-identified-in-the-leading-1j9iz2bl.png Table 3: Evidence of practice identified in the Leading Change for Audience Diversification model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spectrum-of-approaches-to-the-organisational-ftmn1k3w.png Table 4: Spectrum of approaches to the organisational practice required by the Leading Change for Audience Diversification model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survey-results-from-organisations-that-aimed-to-fx4cnywe.png Figure 3: Survey results from organisations that aimed to culturally diversify audiences https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-study-design-1979109k.png Table 1: Case study design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-survey-results-from-organisations-that-aimed-to-1gb87azd.png Figure 2 Survey results from organisations that aimed to diversify the learning ability of audiences https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leading-change-for-audience-diversification-model-1inmvtjk.png Table 2: Leading Change for Audience Diversification model https://scispace.com/papers/leaf-size-specific-leaf-area-and-microhabitat-distribution-36vlooegfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-d-relationships-be-tween-potential-diurnal-insola-3q8bgr0x.png Fig. 4A–D Relationships be tween potential diurnal insola tion (PDI) and leaf form based on species values and commu nity averages. A, B Trait values and mean position along the in solation gradient for individual species. Open symbols Decidu ous species; closed symbols ev ergreen species. The larger symbols are for the five species with highest frequency of oc currence (Adenostoma fasc iculatum, Ceanothus cuneatus, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Pru nus ilicifolia, Toxicodendron diversilobum; see Table 1). C, D Average trait values for plots at different insolation lev els, based on species pres ence/absence (open triangles) or relative abundance (filled squares). Significance values listed in Fig. 2 legend. In C, er ror bars (±1 SD) are shown for lowest and highest insolation levels to illustrate the increase in variance in leaf size across the gradient (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scatterplot-of-mean-position-of-each-species-along-3tkfqdnc.png Fig. 2 Scatterplot of mean position of each species along gradi ents of PDI and elevation (see Fig. 1). Open symbols Deciduous species; closed symbols evergreen species. Significance values for correlations and regressions in this and following figures: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-woody-plant-species-encountered-in-this-61qw7v0t.png Table 1 List of woody plant species encountered in this study Freq number of plots out of 311 in which species was encoun (nomenclature follows Hickman 1993), with functional traits and tered; Cover mean cover in plots where the species occurred (1, results of direct gradient analyses. Species are arranged in order of 1–33%; 2, 33–66%; 3, 67–100%). Measurements of direct gradi insolation distribution values. [Habit: E evergreen, D deciduous; ents and functional traits are described in text] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-h-distribution-of-se-lected-species-along-the-gradi-3j9z041s.png Fig. 1A–H Distribution of se lected species along the gradi ent of potential diurnal insola tion (PDI). Moving from low to high values corresponds to north- vs south-facing slopes, respectively. Species are ar ranged (A–H) in order of in creasing values for mean posi tion along the PDI gradient, in dicated by the arrows (see val ues in Table 1, Fig. 2). For Pru nus ilicifolia and Heteromeles arbutifolia (E, F), the upper distribution (solid circles) shows the overall frequency of occurrence for each species, and the lower distribution (open circles) shows the fre quency of occurrence in plots where plants were only record ed in the understory (U); the difference between these values is the frequency of occurrence in the canopy or canopy and understory (C) https://scispace.com/papers/leaky-wave-thinned-phased-array-in-pcb-technology-for-35arwohprw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-e-plane-radiation-pattern-for-the-7-x-7-prs-array-at-1oyjjjc7.png Fig. 12. E-plane radiation pattern for the 7 × 7 PRS array at broadside as a function of the frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-h-plane-radiation-pattern-at-central-frequency-14-375-dzmuyvfs.png Fig. 11. H -plane radiation pattern at central frequency (14.375 GHz) for the 7 × 7 benchmark array at broadside (dark solid line) and at scanning angle of θ = 8.6° (gray solid line) including also the element pattern (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-beam-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-frequency-at-2ikwznif.png Fig. 14. Beam efficiency as a function of the frequency (at broadside and at the maximum scanning angle of θ = 8.6° in the H - and E-planes). Dark line: PRS array design. Gray line: reference benchmark array antenna. Solid-line: beam efficiency at broadside. Square-line: scan in the H -plane. Circle-line: scan in the E-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-e-plane-radiation-pattern-for-the-7x7-benchmark-array-3kxn3bt2.png Fig. 13. E-plane radiation pattern for the 7×7 benchmark array at broadside as a function of the frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specifications-for-the-application-scenario-34ueml5p.png TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION SCENARIO https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-main-parameters-of-the-7-x-7-phased-array-compared-357ovvhs.png TABLE II MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE 7 × 7 PHASED ARRAY COMPARED WITH THE REFERENCE BENCHMARK FOR THE THREE SCANNING ANGLES AT CENTRAL FREQUENCY. D REPRESENTS DIRECTIVITY, G GAIN, GL GRATING LOBE, SL SIDE LOBE, AND FB BACK LOBE LEVEL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-manufactured-3x3-array-b-manufactured-fss-inset-340w0w3s.png Fig. 15. (a) Manufactured 3×3 array. (b) Manufactured FSS. Inset: detailed photo of one of the vertical SMA connectors and the feeding microstrip line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-leaky-wave-thinned-phased-array-hprs-is-the-cavity-346bylwu.png Fig. 1. (a) Leaky-wave thinned phased array: hPRS is the cavity height, and dPRS and wPRS are the PRS periodicity and strip width, respectively. The array has a periodicity of 2λ0. (b) Thinned phased array composed by 2 × 2 subarrays. The array element spacing is λ0, but the phase shifting is applied at the subarray level (i.e., corresponding to a periodicity of 2λ0). https://scispace.com/papers/learners-understanding-of-the-definitions-and-hierarchical-4b6oyz7wrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-q1-q2-q3-q6-35ahln2t.png Table 5: Results of Q1, Q2, Q3 & Q6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-questionnaire-quadrilaterals-220cj9np.png Table 1: Research questionnaire - Quadrilaterals https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-and-figure-1-correct-responses-to-question-2-12m3qeh3.png Table 2 and Figure 1: Correct responses to Question 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-level-2-and-3-of-the-van-hiele-model-2xvwfeci.png Table 6: Level 2 and 3 of the van Hiele model https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-possible-future-research-questionnaire-3c8cv5ty.png Table 7: A possible future research questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marking-criteria-for-q1-q2-q3-3kvsbgbw.png Table 4: Marking criteria for Q1, Q2 & Q3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-one-form-of-answer-to-q3-3am9ue38.png Figure 3: One form of answer to Q3 https://scispace.com/papers/learning-approach-and-its-relationship-to-type-of-media-use-22k2x6qz8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlation-coefficients-for-relationships-1492fafo.png Table 2: Spearman correlation coefficients for relationships between learning approach and hours per week of media use https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-scores-for-males-and-females-standard-deviation-1j00qegd.png Table 1: Mean scores for males and females (standard deviation in parentheses). https://scispace.com/papers/learning-defects-in-old-movies-from-manually-assisted-j7i493v8r9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-repartition-of-the-scenes-frames-and-patch-triplets-3jvqhl5e.png TABLE II REPARTITION OF THE SCENES, FRAMES AND PATCH TRIPLETS WITH RESPECT TO THE TRAINING SET, THE VALIDATION SET, AND THE TEST SET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-repartition-of-the-scenes-and-frames-with-respect-to-2u7u605e.png TABLE I REPARTITION OF THE SCENES AND FRAMES WITH RESPECT TO THE THREE TYPES OF SCENES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-examples-of-masks-with-a-zoom-with-the-different-3mz2r3kj.png Fig. 8. Examples of masks (with a zoom) with the different colors corresponding to small defects (red), vertical lines or vertical oriented defects (green) and other big defects (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-input-of-the-u-net-three-temporally-consecutive-2o5da8b1.png Fig. 10. Input of the U-Net: three temporally consecutive patches of defective frames, and the associated mask of the central patch to operate the comparison with the output of the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-maximum-temporal-depth-of-the-different-defects-25gtmup1.png Fig. 9. Maximum temporal depth of the different defects. Defects with the largest depths in (a) are line scratches. Some big shape selections by the expert restorer can also be identified. For 72% of the pixels, the defects have a maximum depth of 1 frame, and it cumulates to 95% with a maximum depth of 2 frames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-loss-function-on-the-test-set-for-1-to-5-frames-as-1rl1cr14.png TABLE V LOSS FUNCTION ON THE TEST SET FOR 1 TO 5 FRAMES AS INPUT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-u-net-architecture-used-for-the-detection-of-defects-24cr5rrs.png Fig. 11. U-Net architecture used for the detection of defects, with 3 consecutive patches of size 512×512 as input, 7 layers, and 1 patch of the detection of defects as output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-confusion-matrix-between-the-input-and-output-masks-1a741uc8.png TABLE IV CONFUSION MATRIX BETWEEN THE INPUT AND OUTPUT MASKS. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-filters-in-gaussian-process-classification-problems-1yhjj5lerk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-figures-of-merit-for-the-real-experiment-1imm0een.png Table 2. Figures of merit for the real experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-figures-of-merit-for-the-synthetic-experiment-1q3t8d69.png Table 1. Figures of merit for the synthetic experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-rgb-representation-of-a-small-region-of-the-real-389j3u6y.png Fig. 2. (a) RGB representation of a small region of the real image. (b) Its reference land cover map. (c) Classification map without filtering. (d) Classification map with filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-set-of-observations-of-the-synthetic-dataset-b-3r076z96.png Fig. 1. (a) A set of observations of the synthetic dataset. (b) Filtered observations with the estimated kernel. (c) Estimated 7 × 7 kernel. (d) Classification map: dark blue C0, light yellow C1. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-for-cognitive-wireless-users-jr4ei6ifr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-loss-of-inaccurate-estimate-over-td-2auyxryl.png Fig. 5. Performance loss of inaccurate estimate over td . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-loss-of-inaccurate-estimate-for-fixed-t-td-upt7my7m.png Fig. 6. Performance loss of inaccurate estimate for fixed t td d ′− . We numerically show the improvement of measuring the feedback delay td . Consider an example with the parameters 1 22, 0.02,N λ µ= = = and 2 1 0.01λ µ= = . The feedback delay https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectrum-usage-feedback-of-the-wideband-device-1y2y6nuy.png Fig. 2. Spectrum usage feedback of the wideband device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-feedback-delay-of-the-spectrum-usage-3dwh1e06.png Fig. 4. Feedback delay of the spectrum usage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kl-distance-minimization-in-s-b-13ybr2gk.png Fig. 3. KL distance minimization in ( )S B . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-investigated-cognitive-wireless-networks-s2dn8j36.png Fig. 1. Investigated cognitive wireless networks. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-refinements-on-curve-strokes-20bvfkn82t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generating-coastlines-the-training-data-is-a-set-of-vlaypy7s.png Figure 3. Generating coastlines. The training data is a set of 27 coastline patterns from geographic maps. The associated control curves consists of blurred versions of the set. Figure (a) and (d) show two input curves, Figure (b) and (e) show the corresponding synthesized curves without any magnetism and Figure (c) and (f) show the results with magnetism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-samples-from-a-training-set-used-for-leaf-3jsg32sq.png Figure 1. Some samples from a training set used for leaf synthesis. Figure (a) shows the control curves while figure (b) shows the stylized curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-synthesis-using-relative-and-absolute-2bzszfs6.png Figure 4. Example of synthesis using relative and absolute frames for two stationary patterns. Figure (a) shows the input curve and Figure (d) shows the two patterns and the control curve (straight line segment). For relative frames, each set consists of a single curve, either the saw or the curl pattern. For absolute frames, each set consists of orthogonal versions of each patters, forming two rectilinear sets. Figure (b) and (e) show the results using absolute frames and (c) and (f) show the results using relative frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-synthesis-using-a-leaf-training-set-1i38yckf.png Figure 5. Examples of synthesis using a leaf training set. Curves on the left are the input curves while curves on the right are the generated ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-some-examples-taken-from-training-set-consisting-of-2nexp1r3.png Figure 6. Some examples taken from training set consisting of simple shapes. The set is considered stationary. Both the patterns (right) and the associated control (left) are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-displays-some-example-shapes-used-in-a-training-set-38b3q9gq.png Figure 6. Some examples taken from training set consisting of simple shapes. The set is considered stationary. Both the patterns (right) and the associated control (left) are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-figure-above-was-generated-using-training-1ychudx6.png Figure 13. The figure above was generated using training examples for non-holonomic constraints. The input path (top) is a hand drawn path with a restriction on the initial direction of motion. Below shows the generated path where point (B) marks a direction reversal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthesis-of-a-zig-zag-pattern-the-training-data-12giujpr.png Figure 2. Synthesis of a zig-zag pattern. The training data consists of a set of zig-zag patterns associated to straight line segments (shown if Figure 4d. Each example is oriented orthogonally to the others, forming a rectilinear set. The training set is designated as stationary. Figure (a) shows the input curve. Figure (b) shows the synthesized curve using only first order information and Figure (c) shows the synthesized curve using the wavelet representation. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-to-calibrate-estimating-the-hand-eye-transformation-3ni47u1czx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-standard-deviation-re-projection-error-34o9b1u0.png TABLE I AVERAGE (± STANDARD DEVIATION) RE-PROJECTION ERROR ACROSS 100 LABELLED IMAGES, CALCULATED BY EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS. 6 OF THEM ARE SHOWN IN FIGURE 6 (PIXEL). “OUR” REPRESENTS THE PROPOSED METHOD THAT USES DIFFERENT LOSS FUNCTION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-re-projected-psm1s-and-psm2s-end-effector-ldddopfh.png Fig. 6. Examples of re-projected PSM1’s and PSM2’s end-effector positions in the unseen test data. The red dots show the labelled position, and blue dots are the re-projected position using the calibration result from the proposed method (using all of the loss equations), CAMTECM. Green, yellow and cyan dots are the positions re-projected from using the transformation CAM, gridTECM determined by different algorithms [3], [5], [6], respectively. The re-projected points using partial loss functions are not shown here as it is evident in Table I that training with all the loss functions yield a better calibration accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-schematic-shows-the-conventional-procedure-to-j6b52aia.png Fig. 1. (a) The schematic shows the conventional procedure to calibrate the hand-eye matrix. The main variation in most of hand-eye calibration methods is at the last step where the problem is formulated and optimised differently, while all the steps before remain unchanged. The images are selected based on the criteria listed in [4] to maximise the calibration accuracy and the robot’s joint positions must be corresponded to the selected images. In some application, robot joints’ positions and forward kinematics are replaced by an external tracking system, providing poses with respect to its reference frame, which essentially is the same as using a robot and forward kinematics. (b) The proposed neural network architecture to solve the hand-eye problem in RMIS using Recurrent Neural Network. The inputs to the network are a sequence of images and their corresponding end-effector poses of the tool arms (PSM1 and PSM2) with respect to the end-effector pose of the camera arm (ECM), ECMTPSM1 and ECMTPSM2. The outputs are a translation vector and a 6-D rotation vector. The rotation vector is converted to a rotation matrix using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation and combined with the translation part to form the hand-eye matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-standard-deviation-re-projection-error-252m2815.png TABLE II AVERAGE (± STANDARD DEVIATION) RE-PROJECTION ERROR ACROSS 100 LABELLED IMAGES, CALCULATED BY EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS. 3 OF THEM ARE SHOWN IN FIGURE 7 (PIXEL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-re-projected-psm1s-and-psm2s-end-effector-2pnpqr0o.png Fig. 7. Examples of re-projected PSM1’s and PSM2’s end-effector positions in a real surgery. The red dots show the labelled position, and the other dots are shown like Figure 6. The average re-projection errors are shown in Table II. The in-vivo dataset contains specularities and dynamic environment which cannot be accounted solely from kinematic data, and therefore present difficulties in calibrating the hand-eye matrix. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-relational-probability-trees-fvwg37yaon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-probability-estimation-tree-x93vlk6y.png Figure 1: Example probability estimation tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tree-size-and-weighted-proportion-of-degree-3gj9ht2y.png Figure 4: Tree size and weighted proportion of degree features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accuracy-auc-for-the-four-models-across-the-various-2hz9u76e.png Figure 3: Accuracy, AUC for the four models across the various classification tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-example-relational-instance-b-portion-of-a-p23hjzam.png Figure 2: (a) example relational instance, (b) portion of a propositionalized relational data set. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-with-fixed-rules-the-minority-game-57oohanda3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-of-a-subset-of-response-modes-for-memory-aevwu5av.png Table 1: An example of a subset of response modes for memory length m = 3 for some player i. For instance, if the history of outcomes is (−1,−1,−1), then the behavioral rule si,1 prescribes action ai = +1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-the-time-averaged-volatility-scaled-by-the-number-2vpp515p.png Figure 5.2: The time-averaged volatility, scaled by the number of players |N | as a function of α for nS = 2 response modes per player and different number of players |N | := 101, 201, 301, 501, 701 ( , ♦, 4, C, O, respectively). Inset: players’ average success rate as function of α (not discussed here; see Moro (2003) for a discussion). Figure taken from Moro (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-time-evolution-of-the-aggregate-action-a-t-where-gt7phmaz.png Figure 5.1: Time evolution of the aggregate action A(t), where the number of players is |N | = 301 and each player has nS = 2 response modes. Panels correspond to memory length m = 2, 7, 15 from top to bottom. Figure taken from Moro (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-information-h-open-symbols-and-fraction-of-frozen-2aigyrd7.png Figure 5.3: Information H (open symbols) and fraction of frozen players φ (full symbols, not discussed here; see Moro, 2003) as a function of α = 2m/|N | for nS = 2 response modes per player and memory length m = 5, 6, 7 (◦, , and , respectively). Figure taken from Moro (2003). https://scispace.com/papers/least-costly-identification-experiment-for-the-31ono0suw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-upper-bounds-jubi-for-the-individual-costs-ji-i-2-6-3li894w0.png Table 3: Upper bounds Jubi for the individual costs Ji (i = 2, ..., 6) obtained using the optimal spectrum in the stealth and non-stealth settings for a larger Uinit (first numerical illustration) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-upper-bounds-jubi-for-the-individual-costs-ji-i-1-2-2ofkqbes.png Table 2: Upper bounds Jubi for the individual costs Ji (i = 1, 2) obtained using the optimal spectrum in the stealth and non-stealth settings in the second numerical illustration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-to-be-identified-node-i-e-node-l-during-the-2pmyrv69.png Figure 3: To-be-identified node (i.e. Node l) during the identification experiment. In the stealth setting, x(t) is given by (7). In the non-stealth setting, x(t) = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-upper-bounds-jubi-for-the-individual-costs-ji-i-1-2-e8klpqcy.png Table 4: Upper bounds Jubi for the individual costs Ji (i = 1, 2) obtained using the optimal spectrum in the stealth and non-stealth settings for a larger Uinit (second numerical illustration) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-upper-bounds-jubi-for-the-individual-costs-ji-i-2-6-1x0qs6qf.png Table 1: Upper bounds Jubi for the individual costs Ji (i = 2, ..., 6) obtained using the optimal spectrum in the stealth and non-stealth settings (first illustration) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-representation-of-the-network-used-in-the-17dghhaa.png Figure 4: Graph representation of the network used in the second numerical illustration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-graph-representation-of-the-network-each-18fbqgdr.png Figure 1: Example of graph representation of the network, each circle represents a node i and the edges represent the communication link between the nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representation-of-a-single-module-node-i-8czey9hu.png Figure 2: Representation of a single module/node i https://scispace.com/papers/least-squares-stabilized-augmented-lagrangian-multiplier-4eard4z65d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-error-as-a-function-of-g1-when-g0-e-and-he-0-01-b-1k8tjga2.png Figure 6: (a) Error as a function of γ1, when γ0 = E and he = 0.01. (b) Distribution of normal traction when error is minimum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-error-as-a-function-of-mesh-size-when-g1-e-x107-and-1tpj1d3u.png Figure 7: Error as a function of mesh size , when γ1 = E ×107 and γ0 = E https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-displacements-using-the-unstabilized-scheme-31hxj6cd.png Figure 1: Displacements using the unstabilized scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-displacements-using-the-stabilized-scheme-2mc9x2g4.png Figure 3: Displacements using the stabilized scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contact-pressure-using-the-unstabilized-scheme-1e8ny9fk.png Figure 2: Contact pressure using the unstabilized scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-error-as-a-function-of-g0-when-g1-e-x-107-and-he-3a4kwabi.png Figure 8: (a) Error as a function of γ0, when γ1 = E × 107 and he = 0.001. (b) Distribution of normal traction when error is minimum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contact-pressure-using-the-stabilized-scheme-gyjd34p9.png Figure 4: Contact pressure using the stabilized scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-elastic-half-cylinder-contacting-the-rigid-39js9ekt.png Figure 5: The elastic half cylinder contacting the rigid planar surface. https://scispace.com/papers/lectin-binding-in-the-umbilical-cord-in-altered-glycemia-basd1pzubu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pna-whartons-jelly-37-weeks-reactivity-is-detectable-1pr5gpq9.png Fig. 3. PNA, Wharton’s jelly, 37 weeks. Reactivity is detectable in the amniotic epithelial cells of the groups 1 (A) and 2 (B), in the stromal cells, the fibres and the ground substance of the peripheral portion of the groups 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C) and in the ground substance of the adventitial portion of the group 1 (A) (original magnification 200). In the insets, the PNA reactivity after deacetylation-neuraminidase treatment is observable. Reactivity after treatment is stronger in the amniotic cells of the group 1 (inset A), in the stromal cells and the fibres of the peripheral portion of the groups 1 (inset A) and 3 (inset C) and appears in the adventitial one with respect to the reactivity without treatment; in the group 3 (inset C), also reactivity of the ground substance of the adventitial portion appears. In the group 2 (inset B) the reactivity after treatment is stronger in the amniotic cells and appears in the ground substance of the adventitial portion. Reactivity of the jelly appears weaker in the groups 2 (inset B) and 3 (inset C) with respect to the group 1 (inset A). The stromal cells and the fibres are more reactive in the group 3 (inset C) when compared with the group 2 (inset B) (original magnification 30). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wga-vein-37-weeks-reactivity-is-observed-in-the-2x1xdi5i.png Fig. 2. WGA, vein, 37 weeks. Reactivity is observed in the endothelial cells and in the intercellular spaces of the vein in the groups 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C). The reactivity of the endothelial cells appears stronger in the group 2 (B) and 3 (C) with respect to the group 1 (A). (Original magnification 400). In the insets, the WGA reactivity after deacetylation-neuraminidase treatment is observable. In the groups 1 (inset A) and 3 (inset C), reactivity after treatment appears weaker in the endothelial cells and in the intercellular spaces, and in the group 2 (inset B) only in the endothelial cells when compared with reactivity without treatment. Reactivity appears stronger in the endothelial cells and in the intercellular spaces of the group 2 (inset B) and in the endothelial cells of the group 3 (inset C) with respect to the group 1 (inset A). The intercellular spaces of the group 2 (inset B) show stronger reactivity with respect to the group 3 (inset C) (original magnification 60). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lta-artery-38-weeks-in-the-group-1-a-reactivity-is-2ybrs6wd.png Fig. 4. LTA, artery, 38 weeks. In the group 1 (A) reactivity is observable in the endothelial cells and in the intercellular spaces. In the group 2 (B) the perinuclear cytoplasm of some smooth muscle cells and in the group 3 (C) of all the muscle cells is reactive (original magnification A and B 400, C 200). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gsl-ii-whartons-jelly-and-artery-37-weeks-reactivity-advdi5xj.png Fig. 5. GSL II, Wharton’s jelly and artery, 37 weeks. Reactivity is observable in the stromal cells and the fibres of the jelly, in the endothelial cells and the intercellular spaces of the artery of the groups 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C). In the group 2 (B) also the ground substance of the jelly appears reactive. Reactivity of the stromal cells, of the fibres of the jelly, of the endothelial cells and of the intercellular spaces of the artery appears stronger in the group 2 (B) with respect to the group 1 (A); in the group 3 (C) only the endothelial cells appear more reactive. Reactivity of the stromal cells and of the fibres of the jelly and of the intercellular spaces appears more intense in the group 2 (B) with respect to the group 3 (C) (original magnification 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sna-whartons-jelly-36-weeks-reactivity-is-detectable-3fbukht0.png Fig. 7. SNA, Wharton’s jelly, 36 weeks. Reactivity is detectable in the amniotic epithelial cells, in the stromal cells and in the fibres of the peripheral and adventitial portions of the groups 1 (A) and 3 (C). The ground substance of the two portions are reactive in the group 1 (A) and only of the adventitial one in the group 3 (C). In the group 2 (B) the amniotic cells and the ground substance of the adventitial portion appear reactive. Reactivity of the jelly in the group 1 (A) is stronger with respect to the groups 2 (B) and 3 (C). In the group 2 (B) the amniotic cells show weaker reactivity with respect to the group 3 (C) (original magnification 200). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-carbohydrate-binding-specificity-of-lectin-1bvq8t9j.png Table 1 Carbohydrate binding specificity of lectin https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lectin-binding-in-the-group-2-3tgu1b9y.png Table 4 Lectin binding in the Group 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mal-ii-artery-37-weeks-reactivity-is-observable-in-the-2vmcrds2.png Fig. 6. MAL II, artery, 37 weeks. Reactivity is observable in the endothelial cells and in the intercellular spaces in the groups 1 (A) and 3 (C). In the group 2 (B) only the endothelial cells appear reactive and show weaker reactivity when compared with those in the groups 1 (A) and 3 (C) (original magnification X 150). https://scispace.com/papers/left-versus-right-asymmetries-of-brain-and-behaviour-4wfqj1kx0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-of-the-mean-s-e-number-of-head-yduo4qfp.png Figure 1. Variation of the mean (+/− s.e.) number of head orientations according to stimuli, calculated from all subjects. L: left orientation, R: right orientation, N.B.S.: Non-Biological Sound, Star: significant difference – Wilcoxon tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stimulus-set-artificial-non-specific-sounds-and-1gyff9fk.png Figure 3. Stimulus set: artificial non-specific sounds and exemplars of Class I (species specific whistles), Class II (individual whistles) and Class III (individual warbling motifs and species specific clicks and trills) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-laterality-of-neuronal-preferences-percentage-of-2z3xt1jk.png Figure 2. Laterality of neuronal preferences (%: percentage of responsive sites) in field L of awake (a) and anaesthetized (b) European Starling: percentage of neural sites that responded to nonspecific (artificial sounds), universal features of songs (species specific Class I, Class II clicks and trills) and familiar and unfamiliar individual songs (Class II whistles and Class III motifs). https://scispace.com/papers/leg-length-skull-circumference-and-the-incidence-of-dementia-2nut1n18bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-measurements-of-leg-length-and-skull-c0a8zf9s.png Table 3. Changes in measurements of leg length and skull circumference, from baseline to follow-up, by baseline cognitive status (data pooled across sites). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cohort-characteristics-by-site-3vryf24r.png Table 1. Cohort characteristics, by site. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-of-skull-circumference-and-leg-length-1v99rviw.png Table 2. Associations of skull circumference and leg length with incident dementia (competing risk1 proportional hazards regression). https://scispace.com/papers/legislators-behaviour-and-electoral-rules-evidence-from-an-2gjgzt3spo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-2016-referendum-turnout-3bkh8458.png Table 7: Estimation results - 2016 referendum turnout https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-results-with-standardized-civicness-x3liqmkl.png Table 8: Estimation results with standardized civicness variable - pork barrel https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-estimation-results-with-standardized-civicness-1tv8tvmy.png Table 9: Estimation results with standardized civicness variable - productivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-estimation-results-with-alternative-productivity-10u5dzsj.png Table 10: Estimation results with alternative productivity measure https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-placebo-test-1hfcqrvb.png Table 11: Placebo test https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-swing-districts-3jmyq0bb.png Table 15: Swing districts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-3nqw26gq.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-covariates-by-electoral-system-1qukg24f.png Table 2: Individual covariates, by electoral system https://scispace.com/papers/leisure-visitor-s-responses-to-natural-history-dioramas-2ln9na1s9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-story-respondents-3crjxr1m.png Table 2: 'The Story' respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-feelings-elicited-by-the-dioramas-c2ymesla.png Table 3: Feelings elicited by the dioramas https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-diorama-to-which-they-referred-to-27vf71vy.png Table 1: Description of diorama to which they referred to https://scispace.com/papers/legs-interference-checking-of-parallel-robots-over-a-given-3f1apmez6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computation-time-in-second-for-the-interference-10i6ko8f.png TABLE II COMPUTATION TIME IN SECOND FOR THE INTERFERENCE CHECK ON A DELL D400 LAPTOP, FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF WORKSPACE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-interference-case-that-is-detected-for-workspace-g1-1si9f0td.png Fig. 2. An interference case that is detected for workspace G1. Leg 5 collides with a PC. https://scispace.com/papers/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-for-the-design-of-national-18jiznilkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-index-of-real-u-s-house-prices-1975-2009-i-jn5fq1na.png Figure 2. Index of Real U.S. House Prices, 1975-2009:I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2bhagbor.png Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-replacement-rate-obtained-from-personal-account-8tmunk19.png Figure 4. Replacement rate obtained from personal account savings of workers who invest solely in stocks and contribute 4% of annual salary over a 40-year career https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-replacement-rate-obtained-from-personal-account-2flokilp.png Figure 5. Replacement rate obtained from personal account savings of workers who invest in alternative portfolios and contribute 4% of annual salary over a 40-year career https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-replacement-rates-before-and-after-recent-stock-3g30spaj.png Table 1. Replacement rates before and after recent stock market declines under alternative investment strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percent-of-portfolio-allocated-to-domestic-and-1pgsz4z9.png Figure 6. Percent of portfolio allocated to domestic and international equities, by years to retirement, in six target-date mutual funds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratio-of-net-household-wealth-to-household-37od90bv.png Figure 3. Ratio of Net Household Wealth to Household Disposable Income, 1952-2009:I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-replacement-rates-obtained-from-personal-account-ch6pmh2h.png Figure 7. Replacement rates obtained from personal account savings of workers who invest in two moderate-risk portfolios, workers retiring in 1911-2008 https://scispace.com/papers/let-s-get-physical-models-and-methods-for-real-world-3qriy1fpjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-impersonation-attack-18dvsr4k.png Fig. 8. Impersonation Attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rules-for-reduced-v4erc8kk.png Fig. 4. Rules for reduced https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependency-graph-of-our-isabelle-theory-files-2zxcbrjv.png Fig. 2. Dependency Graph of our Isabelle Theory Files https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-definition-of-2x8k5hi4.png Fig. 5. Definition of ⊕↓ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rules-for-tr-38ce4nge.png Fig. 3. Rules for Tr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-jumping-the-gun-attack-14k45yry.png Fig. 7. Jumping the Gun Attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pattern-for-distance-bounding-protocols-w3lw3djo.png Fig. 1. Pattern for Distance Bounding Protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rules-for-dma-m-3ohjjvui.png Fig. 6. Rules for dmA(M) https://scispace.com/papers/levels-and-enantiomeric-signatures-of-methyl-sulfonyl-pcb-4wzn7ipajk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-individual-meso2-pcb-and-dde-3u77oepy.png FIGURE 1. Distribution of individual MeSO2-PCB and -DDE congeners (%) in juvenile and adult harbor porpoises. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the percentage mean for each congener. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-enantiomeric-fractions-in-porpoise-liver-2r80kerw.png TABLE 2. Values of Enantiomeric Fractions in Porpoise Liver Samples (n ) 8)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ratio-of-meso2-pcbs-and-their-precursor-pcb-31h65wac.png FIGURE 2. The ratio of MeSO2-PCBs and their precursor PCB congeners vs concentration of CB153. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individual-characteristics-and-meso2-pcb-and-dde-24hycc5l.png TABLE 1. Individual Characteristics and MeSO2-PCB and -DDE Levelsa https://scispace.com/papers/leveraging-phenotypic-variability-to-identify-genetic-43ijyx3x67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-assessing-a-variance-test-for-finding-snps-with-3p5k7u15.png Figure 2: Assessing a variance test for finding SNPs with interaction effects. (a) The Deviation Regression Model uses the absolute difference between an individual’s phenotype Yij (for each genotype i and individual j) (y-axis) and the within-genotype https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-discovery-and-replication-of-gxe-interactions-a-3v1fw2mt.png Figure 4: Discovery and replication of GxE interactions. (a) Heatmap of all QTLs with a FDR < 0.1 GxE interaction in the discovery set. Each box colored by significance level in the discovery set. Raw vQTL SNPs are highlighted in orange. Smok = smoking status; SB = sedentary behavior level; PA = physical activity level; Alc = alcohol intake frequency. (b-c) Quantile-quantile plots for all GxE interactions across environmental factors and (b) 5016 matched genome-wide SNPs, (c) 502 QTLs, (d) 448 muQTLs that are not raw vQTLs, or (e) 21 raw vQTLs. The x-axis shows the –log10 p-values under the null distribution and the y-axis shows the observed –log10 p-values, where each point represents a different GxE interaction. The red line represents the expectation under the null, with intercept = 0 and slope = 1. (f-i) Replication rates of GxE interactions, as quantified by those with the same direction of effect in both discovery and replication sets and PR < 0.05. Given a threshold x (x-axis), the replication rate (y-axis) is calculated for all interactions with PD < x. (f) GxE interactions using 5016 matched genome-wide SNPs. (g) GxE interactions using all 502 QTL-nominated SNPs. (h) GxE interactions using 448 muQTLs that are not raw vQTLs. (i) GxE interactions using 21 raw vQTLs. In (f-i), the confidence interval over replication rates is shown in grey and the expected replication rate under random observations (2.5%) is shown in red. Red points are FDR < 0.1, < 0.05, and < 0.01 cut-offs. In (g) and (i), there are no FDR < 0.1 associations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gxe-interactions-across-environmental-factors-human-2bygki45.png Figure 5: GxE interactions across environmental factors, human phenotypes, and cell types. (a) The estimated marginal BMI effect of the rs56094641 G allele conditioned on the different environmental co-variates. For visualization, age, sedentary behavior values, and diet (bottom 20%, middle 60%, upper 20%) were grouped and ”rarely” or “never” answers for alcohol intake frequency were combined. Significant GxE interactions highlighted with an asterisk. (b) Estimated GxE effects in BMI within the 80% discovery set (x-axis) from linear regression were correlated with estimated GxE effects on diabetes risk within the 20% replication set (y-axis) from logistic regression. Each data point represents a different SNP x cofactor interaction. BMI GxE interactions appear predictive of diabetes GxE interactions. (c-d) The estimated marginal effect of the rs4743930 T allele on (c) BMI and (d) diabetes risk, conditioned on physical activity levels. Estimated diabetes risk effect is in terms of the relative odds ratio (OR). In (a), (c-d), the estimate is shown by the black dot, and the bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Smok = smoking status; SB = sedentary behavior level; PA = physical activity level; Alc = alcohol intake frequency. (e) The proportion of pure muQTLs (those with no significant raw vQTL association) associated with a phenotype were compared to the proportion of raw vQTLs that are associated. Each point is a different phenotype that is included in the Open Targets database. Phenotype associations significantly enriched in the raw vQTL set (FDR < 0.1) are highlighted in red. (f) The -log10(FDR) describe the partitioned enrichment of BMI mean and BMI variance heritability in specifically expressed genes for a given cell type. Only cell-types with FDR < 0.1 in the BMI variance analysis are shown. Dashed red lines drawn at FDR < 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phewas-enrichment-of-raw-vqtls-versus-pure-muqtls-2yzd9o9h.png Table 2: PheWAS enrichment of raw vQTLs versus pure muQTLs. From left to right: the phenotype, the proportion of pure muQTLs and raw vQTLs that are associated with the phenotype, the ratio between the two proportions, the binomial test Pvalue to assess vQTL set enrichment, and the FDR corrected significance. These phenotypes represent a manually-curated and incomplete list of all significant findings presented in Supp Data 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gxe-interactions-with-fdr-0-01-from-left-to-right-1kkzb62k.png Table 1: GxE interactions with FDR < 0.01. From left to right: The SNP name, annotated gene (based on evidence in the Open Targets database, see Methods), environmental factor (Smok = smoking status; SB = sedentary behavior level; PA = physical activity level; Alc = alcohol intake frequency), estimated effect size and P-values in the discovery cohort, estimated effect size and P-values in the replication cohort, and P-values from the four QTL studies: muQTLs, raw vQTLs, RINT vQTLs, and dQTLs (colored in red if significant). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vqtls-could-arise-from-a-genetic-interaction-a-we-s29gznpb.png Figure 1: vQTLs could arise from a genetic interaction. (a) We refer to a genetic variant associated with the variance of the phenotype as a variance QTL (vQTL). The orange line, representing the line of best fit, has slope ≈ 0 and indicates that the mean of the phenotype does not change with a difference in genotype. (b) A vQTL could also arise from a genetic interaction. The displayed data in (b) is the same data as in (a), except the points are colored to reflect the genotype at a second locus or the level of an environmental variable. This second factor interacts with Locus 1 to create a mean-based interaction effect, and this mean-based interaction effect gives the appearance of a variance QTL at Locus 1. Data in both figures are simulated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gwas-of-body-mass-index-levels-in-uk-biobank-a-data-3jte4ezt.png Figure 3: GWAS of body mass index levels in UK Biobank. (a) Data for imputed genotypes and BMI in unrelated British European individuals were split into a discovery set, representing 80% of the data, and a replication set, representing 20% of the data. Within the discovery set, a GWAS was performed on the means (muQTLs) and variances (raw vQTLs) of untransformed BMI and on the variances (RINT vQTLs) and dispersion (dQTLs) of RINT BMI. Across SNPs, the effect sizes (b) and P-values (c) were highly correlated between muQTLs and raw vQTLs. The RINT reduced mean-variance correlation (d) and identified a set of RINT vQTLs with smaller muQTL effects (e). Dispersion effects had the least correlation with mean effects (f), and all dQTLs were not the most significant muQTLs (g). In (b-g), the red line represents the line of best fit. Points are colored by the –log10 p-value of the y-axis analysis, with purple representing significant (P < 5 x 10-8 with raw BMI, P < 10-5 with RINT BMI). The GWAS results are summarized in (h), broken down into by the number of QTLs passing the different criteria (indicated by the red coloring and grey counts). https://scispace.com/papers/lgbt-inclusive-athletic-departments-as-agents-of-social-3t8qalnj2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-social-change-mechanisms-for-lgbt-inclusive-10onawed.png Figure 1 — Social Change Mechanisms for LGBT Inclusive Athletic Departments. https://scispace.com/papers/lienard-systems-and-potential-hamiltonian-decomposition-iii-3bkew42k08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coupling-between-the-respiratory-oscillator-left-yxdqrrmq.png Figure 4. – Coupling between the respiratory oscillator (left) and the cardiac oscillator (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regulon-scheme-grey-arrows-are-activatory-whereas-3m1sxqun.png Figure 3. – Regulon scheme. Grey arrows are activatory (+) whereas the black one is inhibitory (-). A activates the formation of B and its own formation (self-catalysis), whereas B inhibits the formation of A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-false-color-representation-of-the-velocity-vectors-3qbdz9dm.png Figure 2. – False color representation of the velocity vectors norm for a van der Pol system (left) and isochronal fibration (right) (for µ = 2, limit cycle period T ≃ 7.642). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-overview-of-lienard-systems-in-biological-models-3pg7kpkw.png Figure 1. – An overview of Liénard systems in biological models. https://scispace.com/papers/life-cycle-analysis-of-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-water-23m657eoe1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lignite-coal-energy-content-carbon-ratio-energy-3ctsf2de.png Table 1. Lignite coal energy content, carbon ratio, energy consumption for surface coal mining and cleaning, and non-combustion emissions during coal mining and cleaning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-biomass-shares-0-15-and-100-and-char-qazpyrvz.png Figure 8. Impact of biomass shares (0%, 15%, and 100%) and char handling on WTWa GHG emissions of jet fuel. (A) char to landfill (Char-LF), (B) char for CHPdisplacement (Char-CHP-Disp), and (C) char for CHP-energy allocation (Char-CHPEnAllo) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fuel-yields-and-overall-materials-and-energy-inputs-3q4amd1e.png Table 4. Fuel yields and overall materials and energy inputs and outputs of the CBTL processa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-process-flow-diagram-for-conversion-of-combined-2ehn5g0k.png Figure 2. Process flow diagram for conversion of combined coal and biomass to liquid fuels (CBTL) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wtwa-ghg-emissions-from-15-wheat-straw-biomass-and-22apvkb0.png Figure 6. WTWa GHG emissions from 15% wheat straw biomass and 85% lignite coal under three scenarios: char to landfill (Char-LF), char for CHP-displacement (Char-CHP-Disp), and char for CHP-energy allocation (Char-CHP-EnAllo). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-life-cycle-analysis-system-boundary-of-combined-1bv1olau.png Figure 1. Life-cycle analysis system boundary of combined coal and biomass conversion to liquid fuels (CBTL): coal mining and cleaning, biomass farming and harvesting, fertilizer production, coal transportation, biomass densification and transportation, fuel processing, fuel transportation and distribution, and fuel combustion in aircraft https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wtwa-water-use-from-15-wheat-straw-biomass-and-85-11aoz52o.png Figure 7. WTWa water use from 15% wheat straw biomass and 85% lignite coal under three scenarios: char to landfill (Char-LF), char for CHP-displacement (CharCHP-Disp), and char for CHP-energy allocation (Char-CHP-EnAllo). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-consumption-for-biomass-densification-biomass-teqxe9ci.png Table 3. Energy consumption for biomass densification, biomass characterization, and transportation of various cropsa https://scispace.com/papers/life-satisfaction-and-unemployment-the-role-of-voluntariness-o1gj6g6sig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-cases-voluntariness-and-job-prospects-1s5ni7s1.png Table 2: Number of cases: voluntariness and job prospects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-dependent-variable-and-16wr5gxl.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of dependent variable and control variables (n=248.627) https://scispace.com/papers/lifespan-and-aging-modeling-methods-for-insulation-systems-4nz00adqsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-central-composite-design-for-3-2r7g9gw3.png Fig. 3. Central composite design for 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-huber-on-the-left-and-bisquare-1qfbojo1.png Fig. 4. Huber (on the left) and bisquare https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13a-mlr-model-estimation-of-factor-and-interaction-2g5thea7.png Fig. 13a. MLR model: estimation of factor and interaction effects Fig. 13b. MLR model: comparison measured / estimated lifespans https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-parameters-influencing-the-electrical-stress-14tjojkb.png Fig . 1. Typical parameters influencing the electrical stress in a motor winding fed by an inverter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-pd-between-neighbouring-turns-in-a-pwm-fed-34gwnowk.png Fig. 2. Typical PD between neighbouring turns in a PWM fed motor[2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kapton-films-under-tests-fig-6-tested-90um-coated-2goaw1re.png Fig. 5. Kapton films under tests Fig. 6. Tested 90µm coated steel plate (15cm x 9cm) with polyesterimide (PEI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-experimental-setup-for-accelerated-aging-tests-oll2qxes.png Fig. 7. The experimental setup for accelerated aging tests, climatic chambers and power electronic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-arrangement-of-the-twisted-pairs-in-the-3bgs33wf.png Fig. 9. experimental arrangement of the twisted pairs in the climatic chamber https://scispace.com/papers/lifestyle-changes-and-breast-cancer-prognosis-a-review-2qqzjmu6nq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-prospective-studies-and-randomized-1sq6hjv6.png Table 1 Overview of the prospective studies and randomized clinical studies investing the association between life style factors and breast cancer prognosis https://scispace.com/papers/lightning-currents-on-fastening-assemblies-of-an-aircraft-3xpqzts1bb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-and-variance-of-measurements-for-each-failure-3ija4n1v.png TABLE II MEAN AND VARIANCE OF MEASUREMENTS FOR EACH FAILURE MODE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-empirical-probability-left-and-cumulative-right-313iiqjd.png Fig. 5. Empirical probability (left) and cumulative (right) density functions of resistances values after lightning injection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cullen-and-frey-graph-analyzing-the-third-and-the-23bw4lh0.png Fig. 6. Cullen and Frey graph analyzing the third and the fourth moments of empirical distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-four-classical-goodness-of-fit-plots-pdf-cdf-p-p-plot-1ew1ucjj.png Fig. 7. Four classical goodness-of-fit plots PDF, CDF, P-P plot, Q-Q plot with empirical data (black) and candidate distributions data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-statistical-tests-and-goodness-of-fit-1fx5kl16.png TABLE I RESULTS OF STATISTICAL TESTS AND GOODNESS-OF-FIT CRITERIA VALUES FOR CANDIDATE DISTRIBUTIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-mle-mme-and-mge-weight-on-right-5egykdfd.png Fig. 8. Comparison between MLE, MME and MGE (weight on right tail) when fitting a lognormal distribution to data from the measurements after lightning injection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-empirical-pdf-left-and-cdf-right-of-drdiff-top-plot-2677y8ud.png Fig. 9. Empirical PDF (left) and CDF (right) of ΔRdiff (top plot) and Rdiff (bottom plot). . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-current-distributions-on-the-edge-wire-as-a-function-3oduz4oq.png Fig. 12. Current distributions on the edge wire as a function of frequency for composite (top plot) and metallic (bottom plot) fuel tank with a lognormal distribution of fasteners resistances. https://scispace.com/papers/lifetimes-and-transition-frequencies-of-several-singlet-3wjt561swv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-xuv-1-uv-ionisation-spectrum-for-the-14n2-c04-1rthu-3vub83pk.png Fig. 1. 1 XUV + 1 UV ionisation spectrum for the 14N2 c04 1Rþu X 1Rþg (2,0) band. The R (0) and R (4) lines and the R (1–3) lines are resolved for the first time. Left spectrum is recorded with a smaller nozzle–skimmer distance than the spectrum at the right, i.e., the widths are slightly larger in the left spectrum due to increased Doppler broadening. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-upper-spectrum-1-xuv-1-uv-ionisation-spectrum-for-the-31ofysc5.png Fig. 2. Upper spectrum: 1 XUV + 1 UV ionisation spectrum for the 14N2 b1Pu X 1Rþg (10,0) band. Nozzle–skimmer distance = 40 mm. The lines are lifetime broadened and clearly show a dominant Lorentzian contribution. The R (0) and R (2) lines are resolved for the first time. Lower spectrum: (A) Simultaneously recorded I2 saturation spectrum. The line marked with an asterisk is the ‘‘t’’ hyperfine component of the B X (19– 2) P56 line of I2 at 17 336.22109 cm 1, used for absolute calibration of xPDA. (B) Simultaneously recorded étalon markers for relative calibration of xPDA. Three photons of the green beam, with an energy of xNd:YAG = 18788.3766 cm 1, has to be added to obtain the frequency xXUV = 3xPDA + 3xNd:YAG shown in the upper curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-isotope-dependent-width-of-the-c31pu-x-1rthg-10-r-0-3vhasw7x.png Fig. 3. Isotope dependent width of the c31Pu X 1Rþg (1,0) R (0) line. Left spectrum: 14N2: line is lifetime broadened. Right spectrum: 15N2: width is nearly instrument limited. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-transition-frequencies-in-cm-1-in-14n2-3dpz2da2.png Table 1 Observed transition frequencies (in cm 1) in 14N2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-transition-frequencies-in-cm-1-in-15n2-3s1ez40m.png Table 2 Observed transition frequencies (in cm 1) in 15N2 https://scispace.com/papers/lightweight-attribute-based-encryption-supporting-access-4u6d27kxvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-and-functionality-comparison-of-attribute-3nv8w5f7.png Table 1: Features and Functionality Comparison of Attribute Based Encryption Schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pu-abe-involved-entities-and-their-interaction-1ivuq7lv.png Figure 1: PU-ABE involved entities and their interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/lightweight-decentralized-algorithm-for-localizing-reactive-3fezbzy08k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-r-and-jammed-area-2m8ed3fr.png Fig 3: Estimated R and jammed area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-solution-robustness-15w376ab.png Fig 6: Solution Robustness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nodes-in-gray-and-blue-are-victim-nodes-and-in-blue-is-h0nnovm4.png Fig 2: Nodes in Gray and Blue are victim nodes And in blue is also a trigger node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-benefits-of-routing-x9bbazf6.png Fig 4: Benefits of Routing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-and-message-complexity-2i3klxtw.png Fig 5: Time and Message Complexity https://scispace.com/papers/lightweight-fault-localization-using-multiple-coverage-types-2hod2f7mv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-coverage-types-per-fault-1kemzr83.png Table 4. Summary of coverage types per fault. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-faults-with-the-greatest-variations-in-fault-14r24ip9.png Figure 3. Faults with the greatest variations in fault-localization costs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-fault-localization-costs-ofb0fmk1.png Table 3. Average fault-localization costs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-avg-sbd-approx-vs-branch-coverage-1b7t7z6c.png Figure 5. avg-SBD approx vs. branch coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-with-three-different-faults-with-coverage-e3wumgse.png Figure 1. Example with three different faults with coverage and suspiciousness values for each. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-difference-from-the-ideal-cost-per-subject-and-16d8nfw7.png Table 5. Difference from the ideal cost, per subject and overall, for individual types and combinations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-suspiciousness-scores-for-statements-for-all-scoring-37u17rfo.png Table 1. Suspiciousness scores for statements for all scoring approaches for mid() in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-avg-sbd-vs-du-pairs-3sl1r1h4.png Figure 4. Comparison: avg-SBD vs. du-pairs. https://scispace.com/papers/lignin-depolymerization-a-comparison-of-methods-to-analyze-3ie7gk5vlz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monomers-mass-yields-based-on-lignin-mass-by-gc-ms-mvqzosdv.png Figure 2. Monomers mass yields (based on lignin mass) by GC/MS-FID as a function of the time of reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-simplified-representation-of-lignin-2j795nvj.png Figure 14. Simplified representation of lignin depolymerization in ethanol based on the complementary methods employed in this work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-simplified-representation-of-lignin-products-in-jz5qmwrj.png Figure 11. Simplified representation of lignin products in solution and of the analytical methods assessed in this work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-depolymerization-index-di-and-monomeric-products-2jxu3dsg.png Figure 10. Depolymerization index (DI) and monomeric products index (MPI) obtained by UV fluorescence analysis as a function of liquefaction time (at 250°C), without and with catalyst (Pt/C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-between-the-maldi-analysis-integration-1npxf7om.png Figure 12. Comparison between the MALDI analysis (integration of all detected ions from m/z 0 to 1800) and the depolymerization index (DI) derived from UV fluorescence for the 8 lignin oils (without and with catalyst, 4 samples upon liquefaction time) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yield-wt-lignin-based-for-the-principal-products-2e3xvowg.png Figure 1. Yield (wt. lignin based) for the principal products after 4 hours of reaction, with and without catalyst. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-integration-of-the-signal-of-ions-detected-by-maldi-2fovetoi.png Figure 5. Integration of the signal of ions detected by MALDI-TOFMS in lignin oils from 0 to 240Da and 240 to 1800Da as a function of reaction time, without and with catalyst https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-molecular-weight-distribution-mw-and-mn-of-lignin-2vduf8jj.png Figure 6. Molecular weight distribution (Mw and Mn) of lignin oils obtained by MALDI-TOFMS as a function of time on stream (at 250°C), with and without catalyst (Pt/C). https://scispace.com/papers/lignin-structural-changes-during-liquefaction-in-acidified-3dwxgtk42d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-percentage-of-isolated-lbp-during-the-ptsa-and-2g6xr6m1.png Table 1 The percentage of isolated LBP during the PTSA- and H2SO4-catalyzed liquefaction with reaction time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tentative-sub-units-formed-during-mwl-reaction-with-11rp4oun.png Figure 6. Tentative sub-units formed during MWL reaction with EG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-substitution-of-secondary-hydroxyls-in-mwl-by-2nov6l23.png Figure 2. The substitution of secondary hydroxyls in MWL by EG and quantitative 31P NMR spectra of MWL, LBP-5 samples derivatized with 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane. https://scispace.com/papers/like-charge-polymer-membrane-complexation-mediated-by-47gz1nxepf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-electrostatic-parameters-and-coupling-constants-lfddgtph.png TABLE II. Electrostatic parameters and coupling constants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-polymer-membrane-interaction-potential-43-b-polymer-2z4amkab.png FIG. 6. (a) Polymer-membrane interaction potential (43), (b) polymer-counterion coupling energy (44), (c) polymer self-energy (45), and (d) screening energy of the polymer self-interaction (46) averaged over polymer rotations. The model parameters are the same as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-depiction-of-the-polymer-liquidmembrane-2impvuy4.png FIG. 1. Schematic depiction of the polymer-liquidmembrane interactions for (a) weakly charged polymers and membranes, (b) weakly charged polymers at moderately charged membranes, and (c) strongly charged polymers at moderately charged membranes. The anionic polymer (red) is immersed in a charged liquid composed of monovalent salt ions (blue and yellow) and multivalent counterions of valency qc (orange). The arrows of different colors indicate the magnitude of the interaction potential components in Eq. (1) and the direction of the corresponding force on the polyelectrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-grand-potential-59-main-plot-and-polymer-counterion-3petvu1i.png FIG. 3. (a) Grand potential (59) (main plot) and polymer-counterion coupling potential (69) (inset) averaged over polymer rotations. (b) Polymer density (49) (main plot) and orientational order parameter (50) (inset) computed with the MF grand potential (59). The thin solid curve in the inset is from Eq. (53). The bulk density of the tetravalent counterions (qc = 4) is given in the legend of (b). The membrane charge is σm = 0.2 e/nm2, polymer length L = 5 nm and charge τ̄ = 0.05, and salt concentration ρb = 0.1M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-grand-potential-47-averaged-over-polymer-rotations-b-1u4aymp9.png FIG. 5. (a) Grand potential (47) averaged over polymer rotations, (b) polymer density (49), (c) orientational order parameter (50), (d) the angular dependence of the polymer grand potential at zp = L/2, (e) ionic self-energy contribution to the counterion density (41) obtained from Eq. (B11), and (f) counterion density profile. The polymer length and charge are L = 5.0 nm and τ̄ = 0.05, respectively. The monovalent salt and tetravalent counterion densities are ρb = 0.1M and ρbc = 0.1 mM, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-polymer-membrane-interaction-potential-43-b-polymer-3d4brpyi.png FIG. 9. (a) Polymer-membrane interaction potential (43), (b) polymer-counterion coupling energy (44), (c) polymer self-energy (45), and (d) screening energy of the polymer self-interaction (46) averaged over polymer rotations. The membrane charge is σm = 0.23 e/nm2. The polymer charge density for each curve is given in the legend of (a). The other model parameters are the same as in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-curves-a-polymer-tetravalent-counterion-interaction-akvoxcno.png FIG. 4. Curves: (a) polymer-tetravalent counterion interaction potential (69) and (b) total grand potential (59) at the tetravalent counterion concentration ρbc = 5.0 mM. The circles are the asymptotic limits in Eqs. (72) and (74). (c) The binding position of the polymer obtained from the minimum of the grand potential (59) (curves) and Eq. (77) (circles). The salt concentration is ρb = 0.1M and the polymer angle θp = π/2. The other parameters are the same as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/limitations-of-rapid-myelin-water-quantification-using-3d-11fmq0bag3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fit-results-of-two-wm-regions-evaluated-in-all-healthy-3312kky6.png Fig. 8 Fit results of two WM regions evaluated in all healthy subjects showing on the one hand the incorporation of all 8 flip angles to the fit with α = 4◦, 8◦, . . ., 32◦ and on the other hand the reduction to 4 flip angles with α = 4◦, 16◦, 24◦, 32◦. The proposed flip angle decrease results in similar values for the MWF and slightly enhanced standard errors, which may lead to a possible shortening of measurement time from25 to 15min.Due to the extreme high standard errors, the reduction to 3 flip angles is impractical https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-roi-results-derived-from-two-pool-bssfp-model-23nrstki.png Table 1 ROI results derived from two-pool bSSFP model fitting and single pool fitting using the Freeman-Hill formula (ROI results ± standard error) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-estimation-of-mwf-stability-upon-variation-10-of-30scwz7y.png Fig. 7 Estimation of MWF stability upon variation (±10%) of constant fit parameters for one WM region. MWF fit results ± standard errors are given as a function of the parameter variation. In each case, one parameter is varied while leaving the remaining parameters unmodified. a Variation of the exchange rate k. b Variation of the transverse relaxation times T s2 and T l 2 . c Variation of the longitudinal relaxation components T s1 and T l 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physical-properties-of-the-two-water-pools-describing-3imcr9l6.png Fig. 1 Physical properties of the two water pools describing WM and GM. The short pool has relaxation times T s1 , T s 2 and the fractional pool size MWF, whereas T l1 , T l 2 and (1-MWF) belong to the long pool. Proton exchange is described by the two exchange rates ksl and kls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-axial-sagittal-and-coronal-sample-images-from-five-3nht1ewv.png Fig. 5 Axial, sagittal and coronal sample images from five healthy volunteers showing 1.3mm isotropic high-resolution MWF parameter estimates as derived from two-pool bSSFP model fitting using the NLLS algorithm and the extended bSSFP fit equation (Eq. 11). Analysis was solely applied to segmented WM pixels using the constant WM parameters T s2 = 10ms, T l2 = 80ms, T s1 = 400ms, T l1 = 900ms and k = 5 s−1. Mean values with corresponding standard deviations are listed in Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-numerical-simulation-of-the-3mq257vb.png Fig. 2 Comparison of the numerical simulation of the differential Eq. ((2a)–(2f)) with the derived extended bSSFP equation using WM parameters: T s2 = 10ms, T l2 = 80ms, T s1 = 400ms, T l1 = 900ms, k = 5 s−1,MWF = 20%, TRF = 2ms,TR = 2 ·TE = 5.4ms. The gray dashed line shows the plot of the derived bSSFP signal equation without finite RF pulse correction, the black line illustrates the bSSFP equation including the correction. The total signal is depicted as a function of the flip angle α, the shaded gray area displays the measurement range. Excellent correspondence between the simulation of the differential equations and the finite RF pulse corrected bSSFP signal equation is found in the range of measurements, therefore justifying the application of the finite RF pulse correction https://scispace.com/papers/limitations-on-measuring-a-transverse-profile-of-ultradense-2gj0k07tdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectral-profiles-of-tb-doped-and-ce-scintillators-3joo2xku.png Figure 5: Spectral profiles of Tb doped and Ce scintillators emission respectively, under the electron beam excitation. Small dip at 550 nm in the YAG:Ce emission profile was very distinct and repeatable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electron-beam-horizontal-spot-size-as-a-function-of-fpu23z7r.png Figure 4: Electron beam horizontal spot size as a function of charge, measured with the scintillating diagnostics and the OTR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beam-images-taken-consequently-with-the-six-2q9au876.png Figure 3: Beam images taken consequently with the six different diagnostics under the stable experimental conditions (the charge Q ~ 500 pC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-beam-optics-layout-including-a-permanent-3jq4te44.png Figure 2: Beam optics layout including a permanent quadrupoles cell at the final focus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-the-electron-beam-b-functions-1x5fs2oq.png Figure 1: Evolution of the electron beam β -functions https://scispace.com/papers/linear-absorption-as-a-tool-to-measure-the-exciton-1d1a7g7cjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-exciton-delocalization-length-nw-obtained-from-the-11k1drkz.png Fig. 1. Exciton delocalization length NW $%- obtained from the simulated linear absorption spectrum for J aggregates of N"250 molecules long, plotted against the delocalization length calculated from the participation ratio at the J band center. Data points correspond to c/DJD"0 (e), 8 ) 10~4 (#), 2 ) 10~3 (h), and 8 ) 10~3 (]), respectively. The solid line is the best linear "t through the 11 lowest data points for c"0, with slope a"1.12 and abscissa b"1.86. https://scispace.com/papers/line-profiles-of-cores-within-clusters-ii-signatures-of-3popc30yk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-cases-where-the-offset-in-km-s-1-2tcwbajw.png Table 2 The Number of Cases Where the Offset in km s−1 between the Optically Thick and Thin (1–0) Emission is of a Given Magnitude https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-n2h-1-0-f-2-1-line-profile-from-region-a-when-3bqlh49j.png Figure 5. N2H+ (1–0) F(2–1) line profile from Region A when viewed at i = 90◦ φ = 90◦. The red line shows a simple two component Gaussian fit to the emission. The line has multiple velocity components due to a number of dense cores along the line of sight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-velocity-corresponding-to-the-peak-hco-1-0-solid-uv8uamyf.png Figure 6. Velocity corresponding to the peak HCO+ (1–0) (solid) and N2H+ (1–0) F(2–1) (dashed) emission from all simulated lines of sight. The distribution of optically thick line peaks has a blue excess relative to the optically thin peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-illustration-of-the-hco-and-n2h-1-0-line-profiles-2ce3f6a0.png Figure 11. Illustration of the HCO+ and N2H+ (1–0) line profiles in high- and low-mass star-forming regions. The N2H+ line has been multiplied by a factor of two to make it more visible and to allow a fair comparison, we chose a beam size of 0.01 pc throughout. The high-mass case corresponds to Region A viewed at i = 90, φ = 90. For the low-mass case we chose Core A from Paper I viewed at i = 0, φ = 0 (middle) and i = 135, φ = 0 (right), which have a blue and red asymmetry, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-mass-contained-within-each-region-when-the-u96nigd4.png Table 1 The Mass Contained within Each Region When the Central Sink Mass is of Order 0.5M and 5.0M https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gas-temperature-along-a-line-of-sight-directly-590teorb.png Figure 1. Gas temperature along a line of sight directly through the central source when it has a mass of 5.0M integrated over a 0.06 pc FWHM beam. The temperature rises at the center due to heating from the sink particle representing the massive protostar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-as-in-figure-7-but-for-region-b-the-rise-in-n2h-mty9au23.png Figure 8. As in Figure 7 but for Region B. The rise in N2H+ emission at the right edges of the plots is the neighboring hyperfine line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-line-widths-and-peak-line-intensities-1yuwqma4.png Table 3 Line Widths and Peak Line Intensities https://scispace.com/papers/linear-time-packing-detectors-for-optical-feeder-link-in-ptk9svjo1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-optical-feeder-link-of-the-hts-1yp05q1v.png TABLE I: Parameters of the optical feeder link of the HTS system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-as-function-of-the-electrical-sinr-for-different-i2b3kup1.png Fig. 2: BER as function of the electrical SINR for different optical feeder link configurations when the roll-off factor is ρ = 0.15. Modulation schemes: 2-PAM (square markers), 4-PAM (circle markers), and 8-PAM (diamond markers). Overlapping factors: δ = 0 (solid black lines), δ = 0.25 (unfilled markers), and δ = 0.4 (filled markers). Equalizers used in detection: truncated MMSE (solid color lines), adaptive MMSE (dashed color lines), and Viterbi (dotted color lines). Trellis states in Viterbi Algorithm: Ns = 4096 (for all M -PAM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagrams-of-the-different-detection-strategies-3bc8k747.png Fig. 1: Block diagrams of the different detection strategies that have been evaluated to recover the time-packed M -PAM symbols in reception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-throughput-for-the-im-dd-optical-feeder-1j24j8pn.png Fig. 3: Normalized throughput for the IM/DD optical feeder link versus cloud losses when using time-packed M -PAM (ρ = 0.15, Lp = 2536 bits, Target BER = 10−4). Modulation: 2-PAM (square markers), 4-PAM (circle markers), and 8-PAM (diamond markers). Overlapping factors: δ = 0 (no marker), δ = 0.25 (unfilled marker), and δ = 0.4 (filled marker). Detectors: truncated MMSE (solid line), adaptive MMSE (dashed line), and Viterbi (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/link-rendezvous-protocol-for-cognitive-radio-networks-22m70lyf1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-initial-connection-17e0ktr8.png Fig. 1. Initial Connection https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nominal-experimental-parameters-3jycq1a5.png TABLE I NOMINAL EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-false-positives-versus-noise-by-number-of-sidetones-24mnvshh.png TABLE II FALSE POSITIVES VERSUS NOISE BY NUMBER OF SIDETONES https://scispace.com/papers/linkages-between-arctic-summer-circulation-regimes-and-3bxhf12snf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fields-corresponding-to-nodes-1-3-and-4-5-of-the-3gvy9wjt.png Figure 4. Fields corresponding to Nodes (1, 3) and (4, 5) of the SOM pictured in Figure 2, calculated as for Figure 3. These nodes represent the circulations that occur with most frequency over the summer that result in an extreme (greater than 1.5 standard deviation) low September open water. Shown are 925 hPa temperature daily anomalies (K) for (a) Node (1, 3) and (b) Node (4, 5), and mean ice vectors (cm/s) for (c) Node (1,3) and (d) Node (4,5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-atlantic-sector-july-through-september-sea-level-28truu34.png Figure 5. Atlantic sector July through September sea level pressure anomalies (hPa) mapped to a 5 × 4 self-organizing map. The nodes outlines in red are circulation types most frequently associated with extremely high September open water (more than 1.5 standard deviation from the mean) in the Atlantic sector. The nodes outlined in blue are circulation types most frequently associated with extremely low September open water (less than"1.5 standard deviation from themean) in the Atlantic sector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fields-corresponding-to-nodes-1-3-and-4-5-of-the-2fjch11j.png Figure 8. Fields corresponding to Nodes (1, 3) and (4, 5) of the SOM pictured in Figure 5, calculated as for Figure 3. These nodes represent the circulations that occur with most frequency over the summer that result in an extreme (less than"1.5 standard deviation) low September open water. Shown are 925 hPa temperature daily anomalies (K) for (a) Node (1, 3) and (b) Node (4, 5) and mean ice vectors (cm/s) for (c) Node (1, 3) and (d) Node (4, 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-regression-statistics-for-the-arctic-the-2jp4vsq7.png Table 1. Linear Regression Statistics for the Arctic, the Pacific, and Atlantic Sectors, and a Number of the Regional Seasa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pacific-100oe-100ow-solid-and-atlantic-100ow-100oe-3ga4u83d.png Figure 1. Pacific (100oE–100oW; solid) and Atlantic (100oW–100oE; dashed) sectors September open water fraction from the combined Nimbus SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS 25 km product from 1979 to 2014. (a) September open water (fraction of area less than 15% concentration). (b) Departures from the trend in openwater area (number of standard deviations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fields-corresponding-to-node-1-1-of-the-som-1wu4yabl.png Figure 6. Fields corresponding to Node (1, 1) of the SOM pictured in Figure 5, calculated as for Figure 3. (a) Frequency analysis of open water. The bars represent detrended open water area classes ranging from greater than 1.5 standard deviations (dark red), between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviation (light red), between 0.5 and "0.5 standard deviation (white), between "0.5 and "1.5 standard deviation (light blue), and less that "1.5 standard deviation (dark blue). (b) Daily sea ice area anomalies (%), (c) 925 hPa temperature daily anomalies (K), and (d) mean ice vectors (cm/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pacific-sector-july-through-september-sea-level-3i89bfhi.png Figure 2. Pacific sector July through September sea level pressure anomalies (hPa) mapped to a 5 × 4 self-organizing map. The nodes outlined in red are circulation types most frequently associated with extremely high open water in September (more than 1.5 standard deviation from the mean) in the Pacific sector. The nodes outlined in blue are circulation typesmost frequently associatedwith extremely lowopenwater (less than"1.5 standard deviation from themean) in the Pacific sector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fields-corresponding-to-node-4-1-of-the-som-vcmao03u.png Figure 7. Fields corresponding to Node (4, 1) of the SOM pictured in Figure 5, calculated as for Figure 3. (a) Frequency analysis of open water. The bars represent detrended open water area classes ranging from greater than 1.5 standard deviations (dark red), between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviation (light red), between 0.5 and "0.5 standard deviation (white), between "0.5 and "1.5 standard deviation (light blue), and less that "1.5 standard deviation (dark blue). (b) Daily sea ice area anomalies (%) and (c) 925 hPa temperature daily anomalies (K). (d) Mean ice vectors (cm/s). https://scispace.com/papers/linking-employee-behaviour-to-external-customer-satisfaction-807qa9mc26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-typical-ojbs-1ue68o0h.png Table 4 Typical OJBs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-system-and-behaviour-functional-deployment-1ic6ksqg.png Fig. 1 The system and behaviour functional deployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-organizational-and-managerial-ojbs-25bxuzw4.png Table 2 Organizational and managerial OJBs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sbfd-2y2goot0.png Fig. 2 SBFD https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rapid-plant-audit-attributes-on-which-behavioural-1gbfxafa.png Table 6 Rapid plant audit attributes on which behavioural policy domains were based https://scispace.com/papers/linking-pollutant-exposure-of-humpback-whales-breeding-in-3bmzl9phh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-d13c-and-d15n-0-00-values-in-humpback-whales-megaptera-2kq0euk2.png Fig. 5. d13C and d15N (0/00) values in humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae off la R Antarctic: krill species sampled in Antarctica (black marks), in baleen whales including crabeater seal (orange mark), other marine mammal species from Antarctica such as the Cherel, 2008; Endo et al., 2012; Hall-Aspland et al., 2005; Hodum and Hobson, 2000; Kra interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stocks-and-feeding-grounds-of-humpback-whales-breeding-xo9woxdb.png Fig. 1. Stocks and feeding grounds of humpback whales breeding off la Reunion Island (Stock C), off Australia (stock E), off Ecuador (stock G). Other stocks (A, B, X, D and F) as defined by the International Whaling commission are also presented. (International Whaling Commission, 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-s-pcbs-s-hchs-and-hcb-concentrations-ng-g-1-lw-in-35azvh9r.png Table 3 S PCBs, S HCHs and HCB concentrations (ng g 1 lw) in humpback whales Megaptera nov https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sampling-location-of-humpback-whales-megaptera-275zyrjr.png Fig. 2. Sampling location of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae off La Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Black dots correspond to sampled whales. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lipid-percentage-and-concentrations-of-pcbs-hcb-ddts-nizggc61.png Table 1 Lipid percentage and concentrations of PCBs, HCB, DDTs, chlordanes, HCHs, PBDEs, and MeO-PBDEs in blubber samples from male and female humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae biopsied off La Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-d13c-and-d15n-values-0-and-c-n-ratio-in-skin-from-11r94lub.png Table 2 d13C and d15N values (‰) and C:N ratio in skin from humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-d15n-values-in-skin-and-sddts-in-1p0nfe1q.png Fig. 4. Relationship between d15N values in skin and SDDTs in blubber of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae off la Reunion Island. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profile-of-ddts-chls-and-hch-compounds-in-the-blubber-yzhipjrn.png Fig. 3. Profile (%) of DDTs, CHLs and HCH compounds in the blubber of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae off la Reunion Island. https://scispace.com/papers/lipofilling-after-breast-conserving-surgery-a-comprehensive-5b3r3yu2rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphic-representation-of-required-criteria-to-36dwcn73.png Figure 2 Graphic representation of required criteria to establish safety of lipofilling following BCS. Criteria to determine safety of lipofilling following BCS included: (I) description of the interval between BCS and lipofilling; (II) time to follow-up from BCS of 6 years; (III) time to follow-up from lipofilling of 3 years; (IV) subgroup analysis focusing on ER, PR, Her-2; (V) presence of any comparison group at all; (VI) comparison group matched controls specifically for ER, PR, and Her-2; (VII) adequate powering. BCS, breast conservation surgery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-methodology-schematic-10mi4gbv.png Figure 1 PRISMA methodology schematic. https://scispace.com/papers/lipschitz-optimization-methods-for-fitting-a-sum-of-damped-12pginoy9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-objective-functions-as-described-in-subsection-2-1-1gat9ott.png Figure 1. Objective functions as described in subsection 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-of-observations-yt-signed-by-true-signals-3gvrqa5g.png Figure 6. Plots of observations yt (signed by +), true signals (dotted lines), and the reconstructed signals (solid lines) estimated by the SmoothD method for benchmark problems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-obtaining-the-lower-bound-ri-for-the-objective-2i9d3ddt.png Figure 2. Obtaining the lower bound Ri for the objective function F (θ) with the Lipschitz gradient ∇F (θ) over https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-trial-points-when-solving-two-gy38padf.png Figure 4. Distribution of trial points when solving two-dimensional problem (c) F (ω1, ω2) from (7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-trial-points-when-solving-three-2s73yant.png Figure 5. Distribution of trial points when solving three-dimensional problem (d) f(d, ω, φ) from (11). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solutions-to-benchmark-problems-from-subsection-2-1-eji8jkzm.png Table 1. Solutions to benchmark problems from subsection 2.1 obtained by the MultK and SmoothD methods https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-5-together-with-the-objective-function-contours-23t21w47.png Figures 3–5 together with the objective function contours. Convergence of the sequences of trial points generated by the methods to the global minimizers can be thus evidenced and differences between the two considered stopping criteria can be observed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-trial-points-when-solving-one-l8e4uim7.png Figure 3. Distribution of trial points when solving one-dimensional problems (a) and (b) F (ω1) from subsection 2.1. https://scispace.com/papers/liquid-crystal-based-beam-scanning-reflectarrays-and-their-10hc551143 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-photograph-and-b-measured-elevation-radiation-37yfvrea.png Fig. 2. (a) Photograph and (b) Measured elevation radiation patterns at 100 GHz for several scan angles, of the single offset LC based reflectarray antenna designed and tested at 100 GHz in [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-co-polar-gain-radiation-patterns-elevation-2eowf86h.png Fig. 6. Simulated co-polar gain radiation patterns (elevation plane) at 30 GHz for several scanning angles in the elevation plane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-a-lc-multi-resonant-reflectarray-1k7mgvwg.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of a LC multi-resonant reflectarray unit cell based on three coplanar dipoles.(a) Top view and (b) lateral view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-reflection-coefficient-amplitude-and-phase-3mc1nsz3.png Fig. 4. Simulated reflection coefficient (amplitude and phase) of a multiresonant cell composed of five parallel dipoles designed to operate at 30 GHz with improved phase-range. Each color represents a permittivity tensor of the GT3-23001 associated with voltages between 0 V and the saturation (15 Vrms). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-the-lc-reflectarray-1d5dukc3.png Fig. 5. Schematic of the LC-reflectarray https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-active-and-b-passive-lc-matrices-to-obtain-a-2-d-3c6f3tdf.png Fig. 3. (a) Active and (b) passive LC matrices to obtain a 2-D addressing of the voltage. Top view https://scispace.com/papers/liquid-crystal-display-modes-in-a-nontilted-bent-core-2m3f0apz3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-molecular-structure-of-ck64-material-12-24zqxemi.png FIG. 1. Color online a Molecular structure of CK64 material 12 b Primary n and secondary m,l directors in a bent-core molecule, dielectric permittivities m and l are along the two secondary directors “m” and “l,” respectively. c Molecular switching around the primary director. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-response-time-as-a-function-of-electric-2p9tdir5.png FIG. 4. Color online a Response time as a function of electric field strength at a frequency110 Hz, and as a function of frequency of E =1 V / m at T=110 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-and-b-molecular-orientations-when-the-2ey10eyy.png FIG. 3. Color online a and b Molecular orientations when the electric field is applied between the bottom and top pairs of electrodes, respectively, in a homeotropic cell configuration used for the IPS. Green stripes represent ITO electrodes. Inset: transmittance in the field of view for the corresponding orientations. E=1 V / m, 110 Hz, and T=110 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-biaxiality-in-smapa-phase-vs-in-plane-3m9b2qes.png FIG. 2. Color online Biaxiality in SmAPA phase vs in-plane electric field at a frequency of 110 Hz at T=110 °C in a homeotropic cell of thickness 8.7 m. Insets a , b , c , and d : textures under crossed polarizers for different electric field strengths. Field direction is at an angle of 45° to the polarizer/analyzer. The distance between the electrodes is 180 m. e Switching mechanisms in SmAPR and SmAPA phases; the arrows represent the secondary molecular axes/local polarization vectors. https://scispace.com/papers/liquid-crystal-induced-myoblast-alignment-18pp4mxk3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chaotic-myoblast-culture-on-a-standard-petri-dish-1sefmikk.png Figure 1. A chaotic myoblast culture on a standard Petri Dish. Optical image and directionality histogram showing the probability density function to find a cell tilted by a certain angle \theta with respect to a reference 0° angle (white arrow). Scale bar: 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-c2c12-culture-on-lcns-with-different-alignments-26qqaazw.png Figure 4. C2C12 culture on LCNs with different alignments. Each panel shows representative optical images (top) and directionality histogram (bottom) for cultures grown on a) homogeneous planar sample, b) homeotropic sample, c) isotropic sample (polymerized in an untreated cell) and d) isotropic sample (polymerized in a PVA rubbed cell). The degree of cell alignment is highlighted for each sample by enhancing the contrast in a region of the illustrative image. The histograms report the probability density function to find a cell tilted by a certain angle \theta with respect to a reference 0° angle (white arrow).Scale bar: 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extending-the-scope-of-liquid-crystal-assisted-22hdizld.png Figure 5. Extending the scope of liquid crystal-assisted myoblast alignment. a) C2C12 cultured on a homogeneous planar LCN stripe cutted at 45° in respect to the nematic director. Scale bar: 100 µm b) Optical images by unpolarized (top) and polarized (bottom) light of a C2C12 culture on LCN. For planar homogeneous LC, the transmittance extinction by sample rotation of 45° can be used to check the molecular alignment quality. White arrows indicate the nematic director, while the purple cross show the cross polarizers. c) Representative optical image (top, scale bar: 100 µm) and directionality histogram (bottom) for C2C12 culture on planar homogeneous LCN with higher amount of crosslinker (40% mol/mol s). The histogram reports the probability density function to find a cell tilted by a certain angle \theta with respect to a reference 0° angle (white arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-material-fabrication-and-molecular-1bjtvh7b.png Figure 2. Scheme of material fabrication and molecular structure of the monomeric compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-material-surface-characterization-sem-left-a-c-e-3fskbihq.png Figure 3. Material surface characterization. SEM (left, a, c, e) and AFM (right, b, d, f) micrographs of homogeneous, isotropic and isotropic (made in the rubbed cell) samples. g) Advancing and receding contact angle (grey bars) and roughness value (red bars, right y-axis) of the analyzed samples: the rubbed samples were investigated in vertical and horizontal directions https://scispace.com/papers/liquid-oxygen-liquid-methane-integrated-propulsion-system-3d4gw3j0s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1hfv1ya0.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-xx-8apyrnaz.png Figure XX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-xx-2ksvlf1c.png Figure XX https://scispace.com/figures/table-xx-vqrkv7iv.png Table XX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-xx-26uybh9j.png Figure XX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vf9jcv7k.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/liquidity-and-price-volatility-of-cross-listed-french-stocks-4ahi5etmyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-2qt2ncvh.png Table 2. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-market-adjusted-changes-in-price-volatility-and-2lgu9w60.png Table 3. Market adjusted changes in price volatility and liquidity for all of the stocks with close-to-close price and volume The following model is estimated ( Pt) 2¼ 0þ 1Dtþ 0( Pt 1)2þ 1( Pt 1)2Dtþ 0Vtþ 1VtDtþ ( It)2þ t, t¼ 250, . . . , 0, . . . , 250 days where, Pt: Closing price of the stock on day t, Vt¼Trading volume on day t, Dt: A dummy variable which is equal to 1 if t 0, and 0 otherwise, and It: Closing price of the market index on day t. t refers to base-level volatility and 1/ t represents liquidity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-changes-in-overnight-and-trading-hour-price-fuvikwe1.png Table 5. Changes in overnight and trading hour price volatilities and liquidity for all stocks with open-to-close price data, constant and volume The following model is estimated: ð TPtÞ2 ¼ 0 þ 1Dþ 0ð NPt 1Þ2 þ 1ð NPt 1Þ2Dt þ 0ð TPt 1Þ2 þ 1ð TPt 1Þ2Dt þ 0Vt þ 1VtDt þ t, where ( TPt)2: Trading hour volatility of the stock on day t in the French Franc. (PCt POt)2, ( NPt)2: Overnight volatility of the stock on day t in the French Franc. (POt PCt 1) 2, ( Pt 1)2: Trading hour volatility of the stock on day t 1 in the French Franc. (PCt 1 POt 1)2, 0: Overnight volatility in the pre-listing period, 1: Change in the overnight volatility after cross-listing. Vt¼Trading volume, Dt: A dummy variable which is equal to 1 if t 0, and 0 otherwise, and 1/ t represents liquidity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-price-volatility-and-liquidity-for-all-of-1fm6rsql.png Table 2. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-b6pspv6o.png Table 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-changes-in-price-volatility-and-liquidity-for-all-of-39xu181l.png Table 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-measures-of-volatility-and-1xw9t7o3.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of measures of volatility and volume before and after the cross-listing https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-r40591m6.png Table 3. Market adjusted changes in price volatility and liquidity for all of the stocks with close-to-close price and volume The following model is estimated ( Pt) 2¼ 0þ 1Dtþ 0( Pt 1)2þ 1( Pt 1)2Dtþ 0Vtþ 1VtDtþ ( It)2þ t, t¼ 250, . . . , 0, . . . , 250 days where, Pt: Closing price of the stock on day t, Vt¼Trading volume on day t, Dt: A dummy variable which is equal to 1 if t 0, and 0 otherwise, and It: Closing price of the market index on day t. t refers to base-level volatility and 1/ t represents liquidity. https://scispace.com/papers/liquidity-risk-in-securities-settlement-46ursxtjgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-c-d-net-trade-position-and-settlement-3369zkz5.png Figure 1 (a, b, c, d): net trade position and settlement efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-length-of-the-crisis-2fp7s7if.png Figure 2: Length of the crisis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-market-share-of-largest-participant-on-day-d-2-of-2w0jng38.png Table 1: Market share of largest participant on day D-2 (% of turnover) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-value-of-settlement-efficiency-on-day-d-as-a-3jp85fkl.png Table 2: Average value of settlement efficiency on day D as a function of credit limit and initial endowments (standard deviations between brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-settlement-efficiency-on-day-d-as-a-function-218mp0ph.png Table 3: Total settlement efficiency on day D as a function of turnover and trade behavior https://scispace.com/papers/liquidity-shocks-in-the-eurosystem-interbank-market-1hwqdczdp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-benchmark-scenario-2n6lk81j.png Table 4: The benchmark scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-large-idiosyncratic-shock-3gou0edd.png Table 7: Large idiosyncratic shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-euro-overnight-index-average-eonia-spread-2f7d0oya.png Figure 3: Euro Overnight Index Average (Eonia) Spread https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-values-of-reserve-requirement-b3e9obpw.png Figure 2: Different values of reserve requirement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-day-maintenance-period-180s1bde.png Figure 1: 3-day maintenance period https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-aggregate-shock-3gax80z4.png Table 6: Aggregate shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-banks-d7ght9xz.png Table 1: Sample Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-liquidity-shock-for-the-sample-39g0b6r7.png Table 2: Liquidity shock for the sample https://scispace.com/papers/list-mode-reconstruction-for-pet-with-motion-compensation-a-1lybd8zecc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-side-view-of-the-seven-positions-of-the-cylinder-3uzjol7f.png Fig. 1. The side view of the seven positions of the cylinder in the PET. The axis of rotation is the x-axis (out from the paper). The angles are -24◦, -16◦, -8◦, 0◦, 8◦, 16◦, 24◦. The seven point sources are located inside the cylinder with one at the center and six near the boundary. The scales are in mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-reconstructed-image-of-the-seven-point-sources-3ii0kfdx.png Fig. 3. The reconstructed image of the seven point sources inside a warm cylinder. The images are the top view slice (top), the front view slice (lower left), and the side view slice (lower right) through the center of the image volume. All the images are in the same color scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-efficiency-images-a-the-efficiency-images-of-the-3sykl4cv.png Fig. 2. The efficiency images: (a) the efficiency images of the cylinder scan with rotation; (b) the efficiency images of a static (no motion) scan. The voxels are 1mm cubic voxels. In each group, the images are the top view slice (top), the front view slice (lower left), and the side view slice (lower right) through the center of the image volume. All the images are in the same color scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-center-transaxial-slice-of-the-efficiency-image-of-hxstpm5k.png Fig. 5. The center transaxial slice of the efficiency image of the long cylinder scan shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-center-transaxial-slice-of-the-reconstruction-of-339gd7wg.png Fig. 6. The center transaxial slice of the reconstruction of the long cylinder. https://scispace.com/papers/lithium-depletion-in-solar-like-stars-effect-of-overshooting-2it9rtnjvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lithium-abundance-vs-effective-temperature-in-rkvb4i2x.png Figure 2. Lithium abundance vs. effective temperature in different clusters. The observations are for (a) IC 2391 (blue diamonds) and IC 2602 (magenta dots) from Randich et al. (2001); (b) Pleiades from Barrado et al. (2016; magenta diamonds) and Gondoin (2014; black dots); (c) Hyades from Castro et al. (2016; magenta circles) and Cummings et al. (2017; blue squares); (d) NGC752 from Castro et al. (2016; magenta circles); and (e)M67 from Castro et al. (2016; magenta circles). The different curves correspond to stellar models with masses between 0.85 and 1.5 Me with different treatments of overshooting, with the same linestyles and colors as in Figure 1. The symbols on the red curves indicate the masses 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 Me (from left to right; note that in (d) and (e) only the symbols for the highest masses are shown, Li being fully depleted in the lowest masses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radial-profile-of-the-diffusion-coefficient-d-upper-36exv35h.png Figure 1. Radial profile of the diffusion coefficient D (upper panel) and lithium depletion as a function of age (lower panel) in a 1 Me stellar model with different treatments of overshooting. Upper panel: radial profile of D (in cm s2 1- ) as a function of radius r (divided by the total stellar radius R) at t=20 Myr. Standard model without overshooting: long-dashed black curve; DEX with no limitation on dov: long-dashed—short-dashed blue curve; DEX with d H0.35 pov = : dashed blue curve; simple overshooting length ℓ H0.35 pov = : dotted magenta curve (see Section 3). Lower panel: abundance of Li is normalized to the initial abundance Li0 and time is in years. The black and blue curves correspond to models with the diffusion coefficients displayed in the upper panel (same color and linestyle). Curves in red are models with assumptions for rotation effects (see the details and explanations in Section 4): fast initial rotation (solid red curve) and slow initial rotation (dashed–dotted red curve). The black vertical line at the Sun’s age shows the range 1 100 Li Li 1 2000 for the solar surface abundance of lithium (Grevesse & Sauval 1998). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rotation-period-in-days-vs-time-in-years-for-1j4mxhz6.png Figure 3. Rotation period (in days) vs. time (in years) for initially slow (P0=12.5 days; dashed–dotted lines) and fast (P0=1.25 days; solid lines) rotating stars of mass 0.85 Me (blue), 1 Me (red), and 1.5 Me (magenta). The black vertical lines give the range of observed periods in clusters of different ages adopted from Gallet & Bouvier (2015). https://scispace.com/papers/lithography-free-fabrication-of-silica-nanocylinders-with-29motwulyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-control-of-the-morphology-of-the-nanocylinders-by-1bntz0f5.png Figure 2: Control of the morphology of the nanocylinders by varying the platen power and time of the etching process. (a) Increasing the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-representative-extinction-spectra-of-21visiac.png Figure 6: (a) Representative extinction spectra of nanocylinders with varying heights. Three LSPR peaks between 500 nm and 1100 nm were observed. (b) Increasing the nanocylinder height resulted in a linear https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-nanocylinder-etching-process-1vrdjdo2.png Table 1: Standard Nanocylinder Etching Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-representative-extinction-spectra-of-yi0d622x.png Figure 5: (a) Representative extinction spectra of nanocylinders with varying diameters. Three LSPR peaks between 500 nm and 1100 nm were observed as well as the gold intraband transition antipeak at 500 nm. (b) Increasing nanocylinder diameters resulted in a blue-shift of the asymmetric mode from 691 nm to 550 nm as well as a 877 nm to 793 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-representative-extinction-spectra-of-3q6qakxn.png Figure 7: (a) Representative extinction spectra of nanocylinders immersed in sucrose solutions with varying refractive indices. The redshifting spectra are shown for nanocylinders with a width of 204 nm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-showing-nanocylinders-with-suspended-34c86mi6.png Figure 3: SEM images showing nanocylinders with suspended gold rings and with a continuous gold film between them. The insert in (a) shows a sketch of the silica nanocylinders after gold deposition with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-comparison-of-absorption-cross-section-fh1iv7nb.png Figure 4: (a) A comparison of absorption cross section calculated from a simulation with measurements of the extinction spectrum showing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-aluminum-pattern-used-on-the-4-inch-silica-2xtdo6j7.png Figure 1: (a) The aluminum pattern used on the 4 inch silica wafer, with the outer ring ensuring electrostatic clamping in the etch chamber and the inner rectangle array to ensure homogeneous nanocylinder https://scispace.com/papers/livas-a-3-d-multi-wavelength-aerosol-cloud-climatology-based-2swv779hpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bae-and-eae-for-each-aerosol-type-used-in-livas-for-7mfa0zlz.png Table 2. BAE and EAE for each aerosol type used in LIVAS for the conversion from 532 to 355 nm (VIS–UV) and from 532 to 1570 and 2050 nm (VIS–IR). The approaches used for their calculation are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-mean-imaginary-part-of-the-33sa7uzb.png Figure 5. Comparison of the mean imaginary part of the refractive index for each aerosol type in the LIVAS (blue line) and CALIPSO (pink line) aerosol models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-upper-panel-scatter-plot-comparisons-of-livas-aods-191jgsu3.png Figure 16. Upper panel: scatter plot comparisons of LIVAS AODs at 532 nm versus collocated AERONET Level 2 product (left) and of standard deviation of the LIVAS AODs versus standard deviation of the AERONET AODs at 532 nm (right). Lower panel: scatter plot comparisons of LIVAS AODs at 355 nm versus collocated AERONET Level 2 product (left) and of LIVAS AODs at 1570 nm versus collocated AERONET Level 2 product (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-spatial-distribution-of-the-532-nm-aod-absolute-124d0r5e.png Figure 15. Spatial distribution of the 532 nm AOD absolute biases (LIVAS averaged AOD minus AERONET averaged AOD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-livas-web-portal-29dv12by.png Figure 17. The LIVAS web portal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-global-distribution-of-livas-aod-at-532-nm-3p5huudk.png Figure 18. Global distribution of LIVAS AOD at 532 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-mean-real-part-of-the-refractive-3lnso9uk.png Figure 4. Comparison of the mean real part of the refractive index for each aerosol type in the LIVAS (blue line) and CALIPSO (pink line) aerosol models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-livas-and-calipso-lr-ssa-and-effective-radius-2t20757w.png Table 3. LIVAS and CALIPSO LR, SSA and effective radius. https://scispace.com/papers/living-in-old-age-in-switzerland-changes-in-the-residence-4d4okf8g4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-la-cohabitation-des-personnes-agees-avec-des-1guuerst.png Table VI. La cohabitation des personnes âgées avec des enfants: quelques chiffres comparatifs https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-situation-de-residence-selon-les-regions-1ismdpnf.png Table II. Situation de résidence selon les régions économiques. Typologie centre-périphérie de Joye et al. (1988) https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-vieillissement-de-la-population-et-composition-des-23rocs3z.png Table V. Vieillissement de la population et composition des ménages de personnes âgées https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-matrices-de-transformation-de-la-situation-de-1k8957ys.png Table VIII. Matrices de transformation de la situation de ménage entre 1991 et 1994 (Données non pondérées) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-situation-de-residence-selon-le-niveau-de-formation-3u5z5rvf.png Table I. Situation de résidence selon le niveau de formation https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-rapport-du-nombre-de-personnes-en-institution-a-3efo3732.png Table IX. Rapport du nombre de personnes en institution à celui des personnes vivant au sein de ménages privés complexes https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-situation-de-residence-et-revenu-3c0dxoeh.png Table IV. Situation de résidence et revenu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-la-situation-de-residence-durant-la-seconde-partie-2g36zrj1.png Figure 1. La situation de résidence durant la seconde partie de l’existence (ESPA 1991) https://scispace.com/papers/living-lab-as-a-support-to-trust-for-co-creation-of-value-2m6eo0ouim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequential-vision-of-the-complementarity-of-the-2w1ns8of.png Figure 1 - Sequential vision of the complementarity of the support platforms for co-creation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-12-criteria-for-selecting-ideas-glw9w40u.png Table 1 - 12 criteria for selecting ideas https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-synthesis-of-the-results-of-the-co-creation-process-wu1osw6r.png Table 3 - Synthesis of the results of the co-creation process implemented by ELL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-co-coon-matrix-to-strengthen-co-creation-confidence-36ok0j2g.png Figure 3 – Co-coon Matrix to strengthen co-creation, confidence and trust in an Open and Agile Innovation process https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-scores-of-the-evaluations-of-the-30-selected-3ms0dgqt.png Table 2 - Average scores of the evaluations of the 30 selected ideas, on the three evaluation criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-evolution-of-technological-supports-to-38667w7x.png Figure 2 - Proposed evolution of technological supports to strengthen co-creation for each of https://scispace.com/papers/living-with-non-recognition-state-and-nation-building-in-kun5uhrcut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-showing-abkhazia-abj5n5f1.png FIGURE 2. MAP SHOWING ABKHAZIA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-south-ossetia-3i37nzrg.png FIGURE 1. MAP SHOWING SOUTH OSSETIA https://scispace.com/papers/lncrna-rmst-functioned-as-a-sox2-transcription-co-regulator-kl3ohzbydn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-z3i6e9v7.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2e78n6pe.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1y4xkb4x.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-19w1huq5.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1xg8ha8h.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2fvpvymf.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/local-air-quality-and-climate-policy-valuing-ancillary-2x5bpzcoi5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimates-of-the-value-of-air-quality-co-benefits-20mnm5rq.png Figure 1. Estimates of the value of air quality co-benefits in developed (left) and developing country studies (right) in 2008$/tonCO2. Within each category, data are reported from left to right by date of study (1991- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatment-of-aq-co-benefits-in-integrated-assessment-3lj3kcid.png Table 1. Treatment of AQ co-benefits in integrated assessment models of climate change policy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-values-reported-in-air-quality-co-2gvhsvo7.png Figure 2. Frequency of values reported in air quality co-benefits studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-inclusion-of-air-quality-co-benefits-on-1jyq4oox.png Figure 3. Effect of inclusion of air quality co-benefits on the marginal cost of climate policy. Left panel (a.) shows air quality co-benefits interpreted as avoided damages. Right panel (b.) shows air quality cobenefits interpreted as reducing abatement costs. https://scispace.com/papers/local-available-energetics-of-multicomponent-compressible-3lrxq58yz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-two-different-possible-approaches-to-defining-2r68uajj.png Table 1. The two different possible approaches to defining the energy conversions between Ek, Π1 and Π2 in a turbulent multi-component compressible stratified fluid discussed in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/local-damage-evaluation-of-a-laminate-composite-plate-using-13eqlw29zw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-ultrasonic-wave-measurement-set-up-in-3nm07typ.png Figure 1: Scheme of the ultrasonic wave measurement set-up in a pulse-echo mode. The transducer emits into the composite sample a shear wave polarized along the direction represented by the line on the transducer (polarization angle θ with respect to axe 1). The reflected wave by the backwall is measured by the same transducer at the same polarization angle θ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-birefringence-measurement-at-1-5-mhz-for-the-2qpcwvdl.png Figure 5: Birefringence measurement at 1.5 MHz for the pristine sample at position P2 and the damaged sample at positions P ′1, P ′ 2 and P ′ 3. Averaging is performed over 10 acquisitions. (a) Module of the backwall echo over 10 acquisitions ; the amplitude is normalized by amplitude of the module at θ = 0◦. (b) Phase of the backwall echo over 10 acquisitions; the phase is normalized by the phase at θ = 0◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-variation-of-the-attenuation-coefficient-between-2s0cb2nz.png Figure 6: (a) Variation of the attenuation coefficient between warp and weft direction for the pristine sample and the damaged sample versus location of the ultrasound measurement. (b)Ratio of shear wave moduli from warp and weft directions Rg = G23/G13 for the pristine sample and the damaged sample versus location of the ultrasound measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-picture-of-the-a-pristine-and-b-damaged-unbalanced-27h4hi7w.png Figure 2: Picture of the (a) pristine and (b) damaged unbalanced composite woven specimen with respective location of the measurement point. The basis is such that shear modulus G13 and G23 are modulus in weft direction (1) and warp direction (2), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-measured-time-series-absolute-amplitude-in-mv-o8ysb9vj.png Figure 4: (a) Measured time series (absolute amplitude in mV) versus polarisation angle on the pristine composite sample at position P1 as shown in Fig. 2. Windowing is applied to extract the backwall echo between the two dashed line and to compute its Fourier transform. (b) Normalized module (no unit) of the first echo in the frequency domain; the amplitude is normalized by amplitude of the module at θ = 0◦. (c)Phase shift (in radian) of the first echo in frequency domain with respect to the phase at polarization angle θ = 0◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-set-up-of-the-ultrasonic-wave-33yt8lln.png Figure 3: Experimental set-up of the ultrasonic wave measurement. Polarization of the shear wave transmitted by the transducer is represented by a line on the transducer in the zoom picture. https://scispace.com/papers/local-dominance-and-controlling-dominance-area-of-solutions-208y6d8uqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-hypervolume-varying-the-parameter-s-on-2w9rbmvr.png Figure 4: Changes in hypervolume varying the parameter S on problems with m = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10}, n = 500 items, and φ = 0.5 feasibility ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-c-metric-by-conventional-pareto-dominance-s-0-5-and-2trfc74p.png Figure 5: C metric by conventional Pareto dominance (S = 0.5) and by CDAS set with optimum parameter that maximizes hypervolume (S = S∗) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conventional-dominance-and-examples-of-expanding-2zgrxiv7.png Figure 3: Conventional dominance and examples of expanding and contracting the dominance area of solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fitness-modification-2879y66y.png Figure 2: Fitness modification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neighborhood-creation-its-rotation-and-the-obtained-acqbjgqx.png Figure 1: Neighborhood creation, its rotation, and the obtained fronts after non-dominance sorting in the calculation of Local Dominance (LD), (a) and (b). Alignment of principle dominance direction with principle search direction, (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-on-c-metric-by-local-dominance-moea-with-and-2jfn26z1.png Table 1: Results on C metric by local dominance MOEA with and without expansion of dominance area of solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-on-hypervolume-a-c-final-population-3xdlibmh.png Figure 6: Results on Hypervolume (a)-(c). Final population obtained in a single run (d)-(f), KP5002 https://scispace.com/papers/local-existence-of-dynamical-and-trapping-horizons-4ihlzj6p4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-horizon-ru83gcy8.png FIG. 1. A horizon. https://scispace.com/papers/local-features-in-apicas-analyzing-of-added-value-of-the-2lsgniyyer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-distribution-of-significance-by-mpeg-7-2iqrenew.png Figure 4 Average distribution of significance by MPEG-7 descriptors over datasets (different variants of tiling and clustering) using Chi-square evaluation method https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-the-artists-which-paintings-were-used-in-2671ncbf.png TABLE I LIST OF THE ARTISTS, WHICH PAINTINGS WERE USED IN EXPERIMENTS, GROUPED BY MOVEMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distributions-of-significance-of-left-side-and-1a7yp4xk.png Figure 5 Distributions of significance of left side and right side of the images with different tiling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-classification-accuracies-for-datasets-using-20-40-1cs20s5w.png Figure 8 Classification accuracies for datasets using 20, 40, 60 clusters and different numbers of tiling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distributions-of-significance-of-upper-and-lower-2vyghkkq.png Figure 6 Distributions of significance of upper and lower zone of the images with different tiling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distributions-of-significance-of-the-tiles-by-25da7eky.png Figure 7 Distributions of significance of the tiles by position of height, 1...j n∈ (up to down) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-process-1yn5afyn.png Figure 1 Flowchart of the process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-confusion-matrices-for-artists-names-as-class-2odfnvql.png Figure 11 Confusion matrices for artists' names as class labels https://scispace.com/papers/local-gap-threshold-for-frustration-free-spin-systems-25mod25idi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-directed-graphs-pn-and-qn-for-n-4-1rqo65c0.png FIG. 1. Directed graphs Pn and Qn for n = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-here-we-take-n-3-j-2-and-j-3-and-we-illustrate-how-to-1pqyttjz.png FIG. 4. Here we take n = 3, j = 2, and j′= 3 and we illustrate how to compute R j, j′(e1,e2), where the edges e1,e2, and e3 are shown in (a). We start with overlapping cocentered copies of P2 j (red in (a)) and P2 j′ (red and black in (a)). Although these are directed graphs we have not drawn the edge orientations since they are irrelevant here. Form new graphs P̃2 j and P̃2 j′, shown in (b), by retaining only the edges which are parallel to e1 and e2, respectively. Then apply the shift Te1→e2 to P̃2 j (shown in (e)); then R j, j′(e1,e2)= 8 is the number of edge midpoints which overlap between this graph and P̃2 j′. We can decompose the shift as Te1→e2=TvThTe1→e3 where Tv and Th are vertical and horizontal translations, respectively. Subfigures (c) and (d) show P̃2 j′ along with Te1→e3(P̃2 j) and ThTe1→e3(P̃2 j), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-patch-graph-p6-contains-p4-in-red-and-blue-and-p2-sfakp989.png FIG. 2. The patch graph P6 contains P4 (in red and blue) and P2 (in blue) as subgraphs which share the same center plaquette, shown in gray. We define a distance function d(e) on the edges e of Pn, which takes integer values between 1 and n/2. In this example the black edges are those with d(e)= 3, the red edges have d(e)= 2, and the blue edges have d(e)= 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-we-extend-c1-cn-2-to-a-function-c-x-on-r-here-we-show-29xvn4um.png FIG. 3. We extend {c1, . . .,cn−2} to a function c(x) on R. Here we show an example with n = 8 and {c0,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6} = {1,3,3,4.25,3,3,1}. https://scispace.com/papers/local-linear-forecasts-using-cubic-smoothing-splines-1eg46xsq9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coverage-percent-of-the-nominal-95-prediction-3upsr65p.png Table 2: Coverage percent of the nominal 95% prediction intervals computed from each model. These are the percentage of actual observations within the prediction intervals across all 645 annual series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-absolute-percentage-error-for-each-model-jg31ysmi.png Table 1: Mean Absolute Percentage Error for each model, computed by averaging the absolute percentage error across all 645 annual series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-the-arima-parameters-th1-3inlv62f.png Figure 2: The relationship between the ARIMA parameters θ1 and θ2 and the cubic spline parameter λ∗. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cubic-spline-forecasts-of-australian-quarterly-beer-3a0c88ur.png Figure 1: Cubic spline forecasts of Australian quarterly beer production (seasonally adjusted) for September 2002 – June 2005, with 80% prediction intervals. The line through the historical data show the fitted cubic spline f̂(t); the forecasts are obtained by a linear extrapolation of f̂(t); the prediction intervals are obtained from the state space model described in Section 2. Here λ = 232.2. https://scispace.com/papers/local-luminous-infrared-galaxies-i-spatially-resolved-5buc3lyer5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-spitzer-irs-sl-spectral-maps-of-the-7-7mm-pah-34a4ycon.png Figure 7. Left: Spitzer/IRS SL spectral maps of the 7.7μm PAH feature. The image orientation is indicated on the maps for each galaxy. The scale represents 1 kpc. The black squares are the positions and sizes of the extraction apertures. Right: low-resolution spectra normalized at 14μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-maps-of-the-observed-h2-s-1-11-3mm-pah-ratio-for-198ivkkb.png Figure 23. Maps of the observed H2 S(1)/11.3μm PAH ratio for selected galaxies. For reference we represent the 15μm continuum contours. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spitzer-irs-sh-spectral-maps-of-the-11-3mm-pah-3n9l3tv8.png Figure 4. Spitzer/IRS SH spectral maps of the 11.3μm PAH feature, the 15μm continuum, the fine structure line emission of [S iv]10.51μm, [Ne ii]12.81μm, [Ne iii]15.56μm, and [S iii]18.71μm, and the molecular hydrogen lines H2 S(2) at 12.3μm and H2 S(1) at 17.0μm. The white cross marks the coordinates of the nucleus as listed in Table 1. The image orientation is indicated on the maps for each galaxy. The scale represents 1 kpc. The maps are shown in a square root scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spitzer-irs-sh-spectral-maps-of-the-s-iii-18-71mm-ba34g7jn.png Figure 5. Spitzer/IRS SH spectral maps of the [S iii]18.71μm/[Ne ii]12.81μm ratio, the [Ne iii]15.56μm/[Ne ii]12.81μm ratio, and the [Ne ii]12.81μm/11.3μm PAH. The 15.0μm continuum contours are displayed to guide the eye. The image orientation is indicated on the maps for each galaxy. The scale represents 1 kpc. The ratio maps are shown in a linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-low-resolution-sl-spectra-14ay9v6a.png Table 3 Low-resolution (SL) Spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-histogram-of-the-spatially-resolved-measurements-2xurpita.png Figure 11. Histogram of the spatially resolved measurements of the silicate strength for all galaxies measured in boxes of 2 × 2 pixels. The solid gray line indicates the median silicate strength. The dashed gray lines define the range including 68% of the data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maps-of-the-observed-velocity-field-of-ne-ii-12-3vhq8r95.png Figure 10. Maps of the observed velocity field of [Ne ii]12.81μm and H2 S(1) at 17.0μm. The white cross marks the coordinates of the nucleus as listed in Table 1. The image orientation is indicated on the maps for each galaxy. The scale represents 1 kpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-left-panel-s-iii-18-71mm-ne-ii-12-81mm-ratio-vs-ne-1sxgw3fl.png Figure 16. Left panel: [S iii]18.71μm/[Ne ii]12.81μm ratio vs. [Ne iii]15.56μm/[Ne ii]12.81μm ratio from the spatially resolved maps (Each point corresponds to a resolution element including the nuclei.). Right panel: nuclear ratios of our sample of LIRGs. We can compare them with: H ii regions (grey stars) and star-forming galaxies (red circles) of Dale et al. (2009), Seyfert galaxies of Tommasin et al. (2008; green circles), and quasars of Veilleux et al. (2009; blue diamonds). The LIRG symbols are as in Figure 14. The black dashed line is the best fit to the spatially resolved data of the LIRGs excluding those galaxies containing an active nucleus which lie below the correlation. We did not apply an extinction correction. https://scispace.com/papers/local-sparse-reconstructions-of-doppler-frequency-using-20ic0v6egp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2d-value-space-of-a-b-tsc43j8t.png Fig. 1. 2D value space Ω of α, β. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-local-reconstruction-of-a-real-signal-returned-from-a-2h6sw9e1.png Fig. 6. Local reconstruction of a real signal returned from a human gail when 50 % of data is missing using (a) Chirp atoms (b)Sinusoid atoms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-local-reconstruction-of-a-three-component-signal-when-2cm695th.png Fig. 4. Local reconstruction of a three- component signal when 50 % of data missing using (a) Chirp atoms (b)Sinusoid atoms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-averaging-local-reconstruction-using-chirp-dictionary-3yt3hice.png Fig. 5. Averaging local reconstruction using chirp dictionary of (a) Twocomponent signal (b)Three component signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-local-reconstruction-of-a-two-component-signal-when-50-3qikcebj.png Fig. 3. Local reconstruction of a two- component signal when 50 % of data is missing using (a) Chirp atoms (b)Sinusoid atoms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eigenvalue-bounds-of-psh-g-psg-and-g-h-g-gg-3u7f0z8e.png Fig. 2. Eigenvalue bounds of ΨH Γ ΨΓ and G H Γ GΓ https://scispace.com/papers/localised-model-based-active-controlling-of-blood-flow-3km45nksqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-standard-deviation-a-and-b-parameter-26ojq0zr.png Table 4. Average (± standard deviation) a- and b-parameter estimates for the representative model structure, denoted [2 2 2], of the index finger’s skin temperature for the 10 considered test subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-and-standard-deviation-of-parameter-x11n02gr.png Table 3. Average and standard deviation of parameter estimates, 𝑅2 𝑇 and 𝑌𝐼𝐶 for index finger from the considered 10 test subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-and-assigned-id-number-of-the-each-test-subjects-1e6mvuxu.png Table 1. Age and assigned ID number of the each test subjects (#s) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-average-standard-deviation-parameter-estimates-1zp5d1hz.png Table 2. The average (± standard deviation) 𝑏-parameter estimates, number of zeros (𝑚) and delays (𝛿) per test subject (s#) with the average (± standard deviation) coefficient of determination 𝑅2 𝑇 and 𝑌𝐼𝐶. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-an-evidence-of-civc-coupled-by-a-drop-in-31ad8bq9.png Figure 5. Example of an evidence of CIVC, coupled by a drop in the index finger’s skin temperature, followed by CIVD causing rewarming of the finger’s skin temperature (of subject #s6) in response to the step decrease in the temperature of the Peltier elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-1-and-2-1id27ucf.png Figure 6. The mean and standard deviation of 𝑎1-and 𝑎2-parameters of the model estimates for each test subject based on measurements from their index fingers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-block-diagram-of-the-closed-loop-pip-control-system-19ism53i.png Figure 8. Block diagram of the closed-loop PIP control system based on TF model (8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-from-subject-number-s7-modelled-dynamic-11ft1dlk.png Figure 7. Example (from subject number s7): modelled dynamic response of Finger’s (index finger) skin temperature to step decrease in Peltier element temperature, shows a comparison between the measured and simulated temperatures and the residuals. https://scispace.com/papers/localization-and-tracking-in-sensor-systems-u2e3nzquzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taxonomy-of-localization-and-tracking-systems-1tokr9ki.png Figure 1. Taxonomy of localization and tracking systems https://scispace.com/papers/localization-method-for-a-magnetic-capsule-endoscope-27i586u1qy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-magnetic-field-magnitude-generated-by-a-rotating-g8savy0f.png Fig. 1. The magnetic field magnitude generated by a rotating magnetic dipole, such as a rotating permanent magnet (RPM), fluctuates elliptically at any point in space. The size of the ellipse changes with the distance between the RPM and the point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-position-of-the-capsule-estimated-by-the-1ix31svy.png Fig. 6. The position of the capsule estimated by the localization algorithm is shown by the red capsule relative to the known position (yellow) and the RPM on the end of the robot. In (a) the RPM was rotated quickly such that the capsule was in the step-out regime, and in (b) the capsule was held rigidly. The sensor’s field measurements (black dots) were rotated from the capsule’s frame to the robot’s and were overlaid on the expected measurements (red line) to show the measured and computed orientation beneath the respective robot position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sensor-configuration-from-17-with-each-sensor-1yug4hqp.png Fig. 2. The sensor configuration from [17] with each sensor labeled with the field direction it is measuring and its position from the center of the magnet in millimeters. The grey sensors are not visible from this angle, but are located at the equivalent negative position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-four-possible-p-are-shown-as-they-would-appear-in-3v20abtd.png Fig. 3. The four possible p̂ are shown as they would appear in the Ω-Mmax plane. These result from the four solutions to θ from (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-of-system-with-a-diametrically-8vnlg0qu.png Fig. 4. Experimental setup of system with a diametrically magnetized RPM mounted to a 6-DOF robot. The capsule was held stationary (shown) and allowed to rotate in step-out (not shown) in the clear acrylic tube fixed rigidly in place. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-from-left-to-right-the-contents-of-the-capsule-include-1yi37k2b.png Fig. 5. From left to right, the contents of the capsule include the electronics for wireless communication, the sensor array with six Hall-effect sensors surrounding a permanent magnet, and coin-cell batteries. For a closer view the sensor array is pictured in the bottom left and the communication PCB in the lower right. https://scispace.com/papers/localization-of-surface-states-in-disordered-step-lattices-2i27wpydqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-surface-state-linewidth-as-a-function-of-step-density-7lp1wjbu.png FIG. 3. Surface state linewidth as a function of step density [22]. Error bars reflect the scatter in different measurements. The three surface state phases [unperturbed (F), quantum-well states (QWS), and propagating superlattice state] are schematically indicated. Values in the superlattice regime have been obtained with comparable analyses and are published in Refs. [12,13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-simulation-of-photoemission-data-a-12siejay.png FIG. 2 (color online). Simulation of photoemission data. (a) Intensity distribution for isolated quantum wells of 25 Å width, assuming a linewidth of 90 meV. (b) Same for a Gaussian distribution of the well width. (c) Simulated intensity distribution from (b) with a constant background and multiplied with a Fermi function. (d) Photoemission data from Cu(665). (e),(f) EDCs from (c) and (d). (g) Fit to a refined model (for details see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-state-dispersion-perpendicular-to-the-steps-1ze86r49.png FIG. 1. Surface state dispersion perpendicular to the steps, measured with various photon energies, probing different wave vectors kz normal to the surface between G111 and 2G111. (a) Cu(443); (b) Cu(665). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photoemission-intensity-as-a-function-of-perpendicular-beegelkf.png FIG. 4. Photoemission intensity as a function of perpendicular momentum kz for the lateral quantum well state on Cu(665) and the superlattice state on Cu(443). Data have been normalized to the photon flux. https://scispace.com/papers/localized-bases-for-finite-dimensional-homogenization-1wewo8o2rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-conductivity-channel-3vm7ce41.png Figure 3: High conductivity channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-3-of-section-3-of-43-exponential-of-a-sum-3kv2a6ig.png Figure 2: Example 3 of Section 3 of [43] (exponential of a sum of trigonometric functions with strongly overlapping frequencies). Logarithm (in base 2) of the error with respect to log2(h0/h) (for h = 0.125) and the value of T used in (3.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-high-conductivity-channel-figure-3-the-x-axis-shows-uyq3zahm.png Figure 4: High conductivity channel (Figure 3). The x-axis shows log2(h), the y-axis shows the log2 of the error in L 2 and H1-norm. The three cases for the localization are h0 = O( √ h ln 1h) with a buffer around the high conductivity channel (see Sub-section 3.4) of size O( √ h ln 1h), h0 = 3h with no buffer around the high conductivity channel and h0 = 3h with a buffer around the high conductivity channel of size 3h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wave-equation-trigonometric-case-fine-mesh-solution-2055rwjm.png Figure 5: Wave equation. Trigonometric case, fine mesh solution, h = 0.125, h0 = 3h, T = h. The L2, H1 and L∞ relative numerical errors are 0.0339, 0.1760 and 0.0235. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wave-equation-channel-case-coarse-mesh-solution-h-0-a5iir6mx.png Figure 6: Wave equation. Channel case, coarse mesh solution, h = 0.125, h0 = 3h, T = h. The L2, H1 and L∞ relative numerical errors are 0.0439, 0.2684 and 0.0389. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-1-of-section-3-of-43-trigonometric-multi-2xzzrlkj.png Table 1: Example 1 of Section 3 of [43] (trigonometric multi-scale, see also [39]) with α = 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-5-of-section-3-of-43-percolation-at-im9vgvsq.png Figure 1: Example 5 of Section 3 of [43] (percolation at criticality). Logarithm (in base 2) of the error with respect to log2(h0/h) (for h = 0.125) and the value of T used in (3.5). https://scispace.com/papers/localized-random-shapelets-y3hrmxr0sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-our-localized-random-shapelet-model-blue-367dya82.png Fig. 2: Overview of our localized random shapelet model. Blue circles indicate distance features while orange ones correspond to location features. For each shapelet, a group is formed whose weights are denoted β(k) (where k is the shapelet index). Note that the number of hidden layers may vary from one application to the other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-distribution-of-the-localization-left-and-distance-2pxert7a.png Fig. 6: The distribution of the localization (left) and distance (right) for the most important (first row) and second most important (second row) shapelet in TwoPatterns dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-four-most-important-shapelets-in-red-extracted-by-our-tm7afnlw.png Fig. 5: Four most important shapelets (in red) extracted by our method from the TwoPatterns dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-shapelets-extracted-by-the-learning-15hgxg0l.png Fig. 1: Comparison between shapelets extracted by the Learning Time-Series Shapelets (LS) algorithm and our Localized Random Shapelets (LRS) approach. This Figure has been generated using tslearn implementation of LS [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-critical-diagrams-of-the-performance-against-the-3cgpb02c.png Fig. 8: Critical diagrams of the performance against the baselines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-error-rates-comparison-on-85-ucr-datasets-between-lrs-e5qclv9u.png Fig. 7: Error rates comparison on 85 UCR datasets between LRS with ssgl regularization against LRS with lasso regularization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coefficients-learned-using-different-regularization-6wvv0rwy.png Fig. 3: Coefficients learned using different regularization schemes for a linear regression problem. Ground-truth coefficients are reported in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-each-class-of-twopatterns-dataset-3oq1tqpc.png Fig. 4: An example of each class of TwoPatterns dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/locally-enhanced-dissolution-rate-as-a-probe-for-nanocontact-2s5ifqy6cs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-regression-analysis-parameters-for-s2-samples-2fz6ni5k.png Table 1. Linear Regression Analysis Parameters for S2 Samples (with WG10*) and S3 Samples for WG and Silica Glasses a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-points-of-intersection-t-d-between-regions-i-and-ii-1g2gz4k8.png Table 2. Points of Intersection (t*, d*) between Regions I and II (samples S2) Computed from Table 1 a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impression-depth-evolution-of-50-mn-squares-and-10-3297mduw.png Figure 4. Impression depth evolution of 50 mN (squares) and 10 mN (circles) load Vickers indentations made on silica glass versus dissolution time in a 0.1 N NaOH solution at 80 °C. Open symbols are for unannealed indentations (S2 sample), and grayed symbols stand for thermally annealed indentations at 0.9 × Tg during 2 h (S3 sample).Vertical error bars represent ±1 standard deviation; if not visible, the error bar is smaller than the size of the reported symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-evolution-of-a-10-mn-vickers-indentation-14l1wprk.png Figure 5. Left: evolution of a 10 mN Vickers indentation impression depth made on a WG annealed glass surface with dissolution time (WG10*). Right: schematic representation of the permanently densified glass zone under a residual indent. For both images: Point A (left) is the depth (Z0,I) of the imprint after indentation; point A (right) is the bottom of the imprint after indentation. Point B (left) belongs to region I for which the bottom of the imprint dissolves away faster, at a constant rate Vd, than the relaxed glass surface; point B (right) indicates the region under the imprint where Vd = V0 + ΔVd is experimentally measured. Point C (left) refers to the transition between regions I and II; point C (right) designates the transition zone where the densified state goes from fully densified to undensified. Point D (left) indicates the plateau region named region II for which Vd − V0 ≈ 0; point D (right) refers to the region where the dissolution rate is equal to V0. Information in the shaded areas could not be investigated in the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-afm-images-5-x-5-mm2-presenting-the-evolution-of-a-22ed26cf.png Figure 1. AFM images (5 × 5 μm2) presenting the evolution of a Vickers indentation (10 mN, silica) with dissolution time: 0 h, 17 h, 40 h, 104 h. Respective Z scales are reported in nanometers on the extreme right of each picture. The dotted line describing a circle (104 h) illustrates the perfect circular shape of the impression for long dissolution periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impression-depth-evolution-of-50-mn-squares-and-10-3ddv9a37.png Figure 3. Impression depth evolution of 50 mN (squares) and 10 mN (circles) load Vickers indentations made on WG glass surface (air side, as received) versus dissolution time in a 0.1 N NaOH solution at 80 °C. Opened symbols are for unannealed indentations (S2 samples). Gray symbols stand for thermally annealed indentations at 0.9 × Tg during 2 h (S3 samples). Vertical error bars represent ±1 standard deviation; if not visible, the error bar is smaller than the size of the reported symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-profiles-perpendicular-to-the-face-of-a-1s3w1i5n.png Figure 2. Evolution (profiles perpendicular to the face) of a 10 mN Vickers indentation on WG as a function of dissolution time in a 0.1 N NaOH solution: (a) as indented (WG10*, S2 sample); (b) after a 0.9 × Tg (K), 2 h thermal treatment (S3 sample). Z = 0 nm is the initial surface of the sample before dissolution (t = 0 h). Z = V0. t is the thickness of glass dissolved away during the time t. This figure was prepared with GIMP41 and Gwyddion42 softwares. https://scispace.com/papers/location-aware-distributed-clustering-with-eliminating-gps-4e4bz9507u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-calculating-the-delay-ywszh85d.png TABLE III. CALCULATING THE DELAY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-viii-fuzzy-logic-diagram-of-link-expiration-time-3f53v8kq.png FIGURE VIII. FUZZY LOGIC DIAGRAM OF LINK EXPIRATION TIME https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-sending-the-messages-in-the-proposed-method-2x75mrkg.png FIGURE III. SENDING THE MESSAGES IN THE PROPOSED METHOD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-vi-fuzzy-logic-diagram-of-delay-37r7of0b.png FIGURE VI. FUZZY LOGIC DIAGRAM OF DELAY https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-some-of-the-fuzzy-logic-rules-of-the-proposed-lac-28fnxe8v.png TABLE IV. SOME OF THE FUZZY LOGIC RULES OF THE PROPOSED LAC-VANET METHOD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-x-node-condition-diagram-in-the-proposed-lac-vanet-3npyt2qh.png FIGURE X. NODE CONDITION DIAGRAM IN THE PROPOSED LAC-VANET METHOD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-vii-fuzzy-logic-diagram-of-distance-b4n00t1l.png FIGURE VII. FUZZY LOGIC DIAGRAM OF DISTANCE https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-delay-of-two-approaches-with-varying-degree-of-33igdpiz.png TABLE X. DELAY OF TWO APPROACHES WITH VARYING DEGREE OF SIMULATION TIMES https://scispace.com/papers/location-models-for-airline-hubs-behaving-as-m-d-c-queues-3uxy295ymz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-30-node-network-3dhjhe4r.png Table 1: Results 30-node network https://scispace.com/papers/locomotor-exercise-and-circadian-rhythms-in-mammals-53may6yrhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-26idew4r.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2dep8bbp.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/locfaults-a-new-flow-driven-and-constraint-based-error-2gyxrkxge5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-on-tcas-1f5wg81w.png Table 1: Results on TCAS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-paths-with-one-deviation-program-absminus-3ozjf3cp.png Figure 3: Paths with one deviation – Program AbsMinus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-program-absminus-e3huj61y.png Figure 1: Program AbsMinus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cfg-and-faulty-path-program-absminus-355h6lny.png Figure 2: CFG and faulty path – Program AbsMinus https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tritype-benchmark-3br5n1a1.png Table 2: Tritype benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computation-times-for-non-linear-programs-u2kqhd0r.png Table 3: Computation times for non linear programs https://scispace.com/papers/logic-design-error-diagnosis-and-correction-1j9v79xma2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-circuit-2imvv489.png Figure 4: Example circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-for-gate-correction-1qowk9wh.png Figure 10: Example for Gate Correction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-example-3-3fvxkd0w.png Figure 15: Example 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-binary-tree-for-implicit-enumeration-38mkh55m.png Figure 11: Binary tree for implicit enumeration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-gate-correction-algorithm-rarfo1ks.png Figure 12: The Gate Correction Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-cpu-time-distribution-26-thh0epqv.png Figure 16: CPU time distribution 26 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equivalent-errors-34aojfcc.png Figure 3: Equivalent errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-search-for-error-locations-3ihqy63a.png Table 4: Search for error locations https://scispace.com/papers/locuss-scaling-relations-between-galaxy-cluster-mass-gas-and-3gz7q8q0rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lx-rasse-z-1-redshift-distribution-of-the-2vbjb2le.png Figure 1. The LX,RASSE(z)−1− redshift distribution of the LoCuSS clusters. The large points show the 41 clusters passing the selection criteria and therefore used in this work, while the circles show the LoCuSS ‘HighLX’ clusters. The straight lines show the selection criteria, and the curves show the completeness limits for (e)BCS (Ebeling et al. 1998, 2000) and REFLEX (Böhringer et al. 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-residuals-from-each-scaling-relation-19oq9bxm.png Figure 4. Normalized residuals from each scaling relation, defined in equation (18), as a function of entropy in the central 20 kpc of the cluster. Colours indicate K(< 20 kpc), as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prior-distributions-of-the-scaling-relation-nwt29ykr.png Table 4. Prior distributions of the scaling relation parameters for any property, a, other than weak-lensing mass. The same priors are used for all properties and pairwise combinations, a, b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-posterior-constraints-on-true-halo-mass-from-2lhtcyoz.png Figure 5. The posterior constraints on true halo mass from the hierarchical Bayesian fit in grey, alongside the measured weak-lensing cluster masses in red. The grey box plots and whiskers show the [25−75] and [0.3−99.7] percentile ranges, respectively, while the errors on the red points show the 25th and 75th percentiles according to the measurement errors on the weak-lensing measurements. The data points are ordered by weak-lensing mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scaling-relations-between-cluster-observable-2lfy9fre.png Figure 2. Scaling relations between cluster observable properties and potential well depth, MWLE(z). Individual cluster points with error bars are shown, while the hierarchical Bayesian fits and 68 per cent confidence regions of the mean behaviours are given by the solid lines and the grey scales, respectively. The colour scale indicates the central entropy K(<20 kpc), with red being lower entropy, cool-core clusters and blue being higher entropy, non-cool-core clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cluster-sample-2ey6hb2p.png Table 1. Cluster sample. https://scispace.com/papers/logical-types-for-untyped-languages-1b1nxns0wg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-substitution-3vwplh9j.png Figure 8. Substitution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-satisfaction-relation-2arhjg0c.png Figure 12. Satisfaction Relation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subtyping-rules-1xauyi9x.png Figure 3. Subtyping Rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typing-rules-cfjjq4g2.png Figure 2. Typing Rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proof-system-3jii6ria.png Figure 4. Proof System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-syntax-extensions-for-pairs-1x6n8z8e.png Figure 5. Syntax Extensions for Pairs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-type-and-subtype-extensions-2zer0msf.png Figure 6. Type and Subtype Extensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-logic-extensions-op2btlme.png Figure 7. Logic Extensions https://scispace.com/papers/logistic-similarity-metric-learning-for-face-verification-wojniiynvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-face-verification-accuracy-standard-error-of-the-34htanpn.png Table 2. Face verification accuracy (±standard error of the mean) on LFW-a under restricted configuration with label-free outside data. Dimension of the whitened feature vectors is 300. CSML-sim and LSML-sim learns on only the similar pairs from the training set. Comparing the performance, LSML=CSML-sim=LSML-sim. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-accuracy-versus-k-curve-of-the-proposed-lsml-method-herbqhbc.png Fig. 1. Accuracy-versus-K curve of the proposed LSML method using the square root of OCLBP. The regularization parameter λ = 17 × 10−3. The peak 87.55 ± 0.49% is at K = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-face-verification-accuracy-standard-error-of-the-1ril592k.png Table 1. Face verification accuracy (±standard error of the mean) on LFW-a under restricted configuration with label-free outside data. Dimension of the whitened feature vectors is 300. Comparing the performance, LSML>WCCN>CSML>Baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/logical-vs-behavioural-specifications-5431g27meg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-implementation-state-space-illustrating-the-proof-3v9zqc73.png Figure 10: Implementation state space illustrating the proof of Theorem 22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-two-nondeterministic-mts-and-their-quotient-1aue1hjb.png Figure 14: Two nondeterministic MTS and their quotient https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dmts-s-and-t-whose-composition-cannot-be-captured-yxls4d2h.png Figure 9: DMTS S and T whose composition cannot be captured precisely https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-nondeterministic-sum-of-ik-and-il-unfolded-r4g4mzez.png Figure 11: The nondeterministic sum of Ik and Il, unfolded https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-six-translations-between-specification-formalisms-2gb5ybca.png Figure 5: Six translations between specification formalisms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-n-calculus-expression-in-normal-form-and-its-dmts-2rfepaw2.png Figure 6: ν-calculus expression in normal form and its DMTS translation, cf. Example 2. The state corresponding to ff is inconsistent and not shown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dmts-corresponding-to-the-ctl-property-ag-req-ax-jhvog5i6.png Figure 1: DMTS corresponding to the CTL property AG(req⇒ AX(work AW grant)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-implementation-of-the-specification-in-fig-1-na1v5a9i.png Figure 2: An implementation of the specification in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/long-and-short-range-bimodal-signals-mediate-mate-location-48g54615wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-cues-or-signals-wingbeat-light-flash-1ubezoij.png Table 1 Details of cues or signals [wingbeat light flash, wingbeat sound, pheromone (Phero)] tested in small-space (SS: 61 × 61 × 61 cm) and large space (LS: 2.25 × 2.1 × 2.4 m) behavioral bioassays (see Fig. 1 for experimental design) with Aedes aegypti (Exps. 1-12) and Culex pipiens (Exps. 13-14) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-wavelength-on-alighting-responses-of-2-to-1wc30i5y.png Figure 3. Effect of wavelength on alighting responses of 2- to 7-day old male Aedes aegypti. 726 The eight purple and eight blue dots represent the number of LEDs contained within each of two 727 LED arrays (Fig. 1B), one of which was flashing UV light and the other blue light at the 665-Hz 728 wingbeat frequency of female Ae. aegypti. Each replicate was run with 50 males. Light blue 729 triangles and light red squares show the data of individual replicates and black symbols the mean 730 (± SE). There was no preference for either set of test stimuli (binary logistic regression model; p 731 > 0.05; n. s. = not significant). 732 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-led-numbers-in-assemblies-on-alighting-aq7fj8j1.png Figure 2. Effect of LED numbers in assemblies on alighting responses of 2- to 7-day-old 714 male Aedes aegypti. Numbers of blue dots represent the number of LEDs contained within each 715 of two LED arrays (Fig. 1B) flashing blue light at the 665-Hz wingbeat frequency of female Ae. 716 aegypti. Each replicate was run with 50 males. Light blue triangles and light red squares show 717 the data of individual replicates and black symbols the mean (± SE). An asterisk indicates a 718 significant preference (binary logistic regression model; p < 0.05; n. s. = not significant). 719 720 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-ketoisophorone-on-the-alighting-responses-1i0rhqgq.png Figure 6. Effect of ketoisophorone on the alighting responses of 2- to 7- day old male Aedes 783 aegypti. The number of blue dots represents the number of blue LEDs contained within each of 784 two LED arrays (Fig. 1), with LEDs flashing light at the 665-Hz wingbeat frequency of female 785 Ae. aegypti. Musical notes indicate broadcast of female wingbeat sound (665 Hz) and 786 ‘Pheromone’ indicates the presence of synthetic ketoisophorone (Fig. 1 I), a female produced 787 pheromone component. Light blue triangles and light red squares show the data of individual 788 replicates and black symbols the mean (± SE). There was no preference for either set of test 789 stimuli (binary logistic regression model; p > 0.05; n. s. = not significant). 790 791 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-visual-and-acoustic-signals-tested-in-1aevcm3l.png Figure 5. Effect of visual and acoustic signals tested in combination on the alighting 763 responses of 2- to 7-day-old male Aedes aegypti. The number of blue dots represent the 764 number of blue LEDs contained within each of two LED arrays (Fig. 1), with LEDs flashing 765 light at the 715-Hz wingbeat frequency of males. The musical note and WN (white noise) 766 indicate concurrent broadcast of male wingbeat sound (715 Hz) and white noise, respectively. 767 Light blue triangles and light red squares show the data of individual replicates and black 768 symbols the mean (± SE). The asterisk indicates a significant preference for WN (binary logistic 769 regression model; p < 0.05). 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-visual-signals-on-alighting-responses-of-xf2n6504.png Figure 7. Effect of visual signals on alighting responses of 5- to 10-day-old virgin female 800 Aedes aegypti. The numbers of grey dots represent the number of white LEDs contained within 801 each of two LED arrays (Fig. 1), one of which was emitting light flashes (depicted as a mixture 802 of light- and dark-grey dots) at the 715-Hz wingbeat frequency of male Ae. aegypti, and the other 803 LED array was emitting constant light (depicted as uniformly dark-grey dots). The asterisk 804 indicates a significant preference for the 715 Hz LEDs (binary logistic regression model; p < 805 0.05). 806 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photographs-illustrating-the-experimental-design-12zt9kf1.png Figure 1. Photographs illustrating the experimental design for testing mosquitoes in behavioural 700 bioassays. (A-C) External and internal views of the small-space bioassay arena (wire mesh cage: 701 61 × 61 × 61 cm), depicting two assemblies of eight light emitting diodes (LED) each (B), and a 702 video camera on top of the cage (C) for recording alighting responses of mosquitoes on LED 703 assemblies; (D-F) Views of the large-space bioassay room (225 × 210 × 240 cm), with a video 704 camera inside a metal sieve (F) positioned above each of two widely-spaced LED assemblies. 705 The sieve blocked potential electromagnetic waves emanating from the camera. Light was 706 provided via two fluorescent bulbs in the ceiling fixture (for spectral composition see 707 Supplementary Information); (G-I) Details of the experimental design showing a paired 708 LED/earbud speaker mounted on a single arm of the 8-LED assembly (G), the USB hub with 709 USB sound cards driving earbud speakers (H), and a glass dish containing a piece of pheromone- 710 or solvent-treated filter paper (I) deployed in a pheromone experiment. 711 712 https://scispace.com/papers/long-memory-interdependency-and-inefficiency-in-bitcoin-2ay1e0fe69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-spectral-density-functions-3api5icd.png Figure 3: Estimated spectral density functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-fractional-integration-parameter-d-for-2yxi0tdg.png Table 2: Estimates of fractional integration parameter, d for returns (100 ∗ ln( PtPt−1 )) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-autocorrelation-functions-1a3md2ny.png Figure 2: Autocorrelation functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trend-in-closing-prices-dfslrph5.png Figure 1: Trend in Closing Prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cointegration-rank-determination-in-the-fcvar-model-1iu824u2.png Table 4: Cointegration rank determination in the FCVAR model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lag-selection-in-the-fcvar-model-8wwo65ud.png Table 3: Lag-selection in the FCVAR Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-bitcoin-closing-prices-1btw5dw0.png Table 1: : Descriptive Statistics of Bitcoin Closing Prices https://scispace.com/papers/long-distance-manipulation-of-a-levitated-nanoparticle-in-4o2qijlcol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-a-single-mode-norfhpt2.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the experimental setup: A single mode optical fiber (1) is mounted on a 3D translational stage that goes all the way through 2 vacuum chambers (A and B). In the first chamber (A) the propagating light (red beam) is collimated and focused into a diffraction limited spot (2) using two aspheric lenses. A small dielectric nanoparticle is trapped at the focus (2). The light scattered from the particle (green waves in 3) is collected back into the fiber with the same aspheric lenses and interferes with a backreflection from the vacuum side fiber’s facet. The interferometric signal is detected with an APD outside the vacuum chamber. The second vacuum chamber (B) contains a high Finesse Cavity (4) and is always kept in vacuum. CCD cameras (5a, 5b, and 5c) are placed at different viewports for accurate positioning of the trap in the different vacuum chambers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trapping-of-a-single-75-nm-radius-silica-nanoparticle-3ufk91if.png FIG. 2. Trapping of a single 75 nm radius silica nanoparticle in the MobOT: Time traces of the interference intensity measured without (a) and with (b) a particle in the trap. The red lines in (a) and (b) correspond to the mean level of the signal. From longer time traces we compute the power spectral density for a trap without (c) and with (d) particle. When the particle is present, the PSD shows peaks at the successive harmonics of Xz (grid dashed lines in (d)). The experiment is performed at 2 mBar. Insets show a side view of the optical fiber trap in the loading chamber (camera 5a Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3d-fine-displacements-of-a-levitated-nanoparticle-2tvn3fmp.png FIG. 5. 3D fine displacements of a levitated nanoparticle through a high finesse optical cavity: Frames of a record showing the position of the particle and the MobOT while manipulating the trap around the optical axis of the cavity (white dashed line). The solid white line follows the trajectory of the particle and the times are shown in second at the top-left corner of each frame. The yellow scale bar corresponds to a length of 5 mm. The record is made using camera 5b (Fig. 1). (Multimedia view) [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/ 1.4933180.1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-particle-transfer-from-the-mobot-to-the-cavity-field-3f36o3m5.png FIG. 6. Particle transfer from the MobOT to the cavity field: Frames of a record showing the transfer of a 75 nm radius particle from the MobOT to the standing wave of an optical cavity. The diameter of the cavity mode is approximately 130 lm and has been colored for clarity. The record is made using a magnified view from camera 5b (Fig. 1). (Multimedia view) [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4933180.2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cooling-of-the-particle-motion-closeup-of-the-psd-in-udray0o2.png FIG. 4. Cooling of the particle motion: Closeup of the PSD in the region of the first harmonic at 40 kHz of a particle at 2 10 5 mBar without ( ) and with feedback ( ). Darker lines are Lorentzian fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-feedback-on-the-particle-motion-p1-4-2-227jgagc.png FIG. 3. Effect of the feedback on the particle motion (P¼ 2 10 5 mBar): (a) The particle motion amplitude is damped by the feedback. (b) It increases when the feedback is deactivated and (c) returns to a low amplitude oscillation when the feedback is switched on again. https://scispace.com/papers/long-range-wireless-point-to-point-link-network-on-5-ghz-1xhd0daxyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ping-test-at-client-3vumdswe.png Figure 6. Ping Test at client. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fresnel-zones-1t2sfidx.png Figure 1. Fresnel Zones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-model-for-wireless-point-to-point-bridge-2wp9h4ar.png Figure 2. System Model for Wireless Point to Point Bridge link. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-ammonia-exposure-of-turbot-effects-on-plasma-3f8xwl3rmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-over-time-of-plasma-ta-n-a-and-urea-b-in-c-mh-3urz8a5b.png Fig. 3. Changes over time of plasma TA-N (A) and urea (B) in C ( ), MH (∇) and H ( ) groups (C, 0.004; MH, 0.73 and H, 0.88 mg l-1 ambient NH3-N concentrations). Values are means ± standard error (n=10). Superscript letters indicate inter-group statistical differences (P<0.05) for one sampling date: means not sharing a common letter are significantly different. * indicates significant differences from the initial level (day 0) for each ambient concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-plasma-ions-concentrations-measured-3otowozc.png Table II. Comparison of plasma ions concentrations measured in turbot held under 0.17 and 0.34 mg l-1 ambient NH3-N concentrations (groups L and M) with that of control (group C, 0.004 mg l-1 ambient NH3-N) at different sampling dates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-over-time-of-plasma-ta-n-a-and-urea-b-in-c-l-upqwtb52.png Fig. 4. Changes over time of plasma TA-N (A) and urea (B) in C ( ), L ( ) and M ( ) groups (C, 0.004; L, 0.17; M, 0.34 mg l-1 ambient NH3-N concentrations). Values are means ± standard error (n=10). Superscript letters indicate inter-group statistical differences (P<0.05) for one sampling date: means not sharing a common letter are significantly different. * indicates significant differences from the initial level (day 0) for each ambient concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-nh3-n-concentrations-a-and-water-ph-b-during-the-1pgl7ap8.png Fig. 1. Water NH3-N concentrations (A) and water pH (B) during the experiment in the 5 fish groups: C, 0.004; L, 0.17; M, 0.34; MH, 0.73 and H, 0.88 mg l-1 mean ambient NH3-N concentrations. Corresponding mean ambient Total Ammonia Nitrogen, TA-N, concentrations are: C, 0.16; L, 5.61; M, 11.42; MH, 21.15 and H, 27.20 mg l-1 (temperature, 17-17.5°C and salinity 34-35‰). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plasma-ta-n-left-panel-and-plasma-urea-right-panel-as-2sgsck13.png Fig. 5. Plasma TA-N (left panel) and plasma urea (right panel) as a function of ambient TA-N. Ambient TA-N (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) concentrations were 0.16; 5.61; 11.42; 21.15 and 27.20 mg l-1 in groups C, L, M, MH and H respectively. Regression equations (left panel) were calculated on day 14, 28 and 57 and can be compared to the isoconcentration equation (x=y) reported as a dashed line. The dashed horizontal line (right panel) indicates urea mean level in the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-plasma-ions-concentrations-measured-in-a257bu85.png Table I. Comparison of plasma ions concentrations measured in turbot held under 0.88 and 0.73 mg l-1 ambient NH3-N (groups H and MH respectively) with that of control (group C, 0.004 mg l-1 ambient NH3-N) at different sampling dates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mass-changes-over-time-in-c-l-m-and-mh-groups-c-0-004-3kzcdcxp.png Fig. 2. Mass changes over time in C (?), L (?), M (?) and MH (?) groups (C, 0.004; L, 0.17; M, 0.34; MH, 0.73 mg l-1 mean ambient NH3-N concentrations). Values are means ± standard error (n=10). Regression equations are given for two periods of time (day 0-28 and day 28-84) for groups L and M. https://scispace.com/papers/long-range-trajectories-from-global-and-local-motion-448goruxx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flow-vectors-magnitude-distribution-c-u-scenario-in-a-14os8pms.png Fig. 4. Flow vector’s magnitude distribution (C.U. scenario) in: (a) just one frame and (b) several frames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-and-specificity-of-various-outlier-13iehlep.png Table 3 Sensitivity and specificity of various outlier removal techniques (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effects-caused-by-the-outlier-removal-technique-on-9ewdkt8e.png Fig. 9. Effects caused by the outlier removal technique on streamline formation (C.S. scenario): (a) without outlier removal and (b) with outlier removal (single points are seeds that were, correctly, not diffused by lack of meaningful flow field). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-fp-rate-vs-error-on-s-c-u-scenario-with-median-rls-zxbzafms.png Fig. 14. FP rate VS error on S.C.U. scenario with median RLS regularization for: (a) memory variation and DTW metric; (b) memory variation and euclidean metric; (c) minibatch variation and DTW metric; and (d) minibatch variation and euclideanmetric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-assignment-using-hausdorff-modified-metric-first-row-2gxr4a3r.png Fig. 13. Assignment using hausdorff-modified metric: First row – our method (minibatch = 8, memory = 10): (a) false negative; (b) miss-match detected successfully; (c) false positive not detected; (d), (e), (f) matches detected; second row – Coherent Filtering: (g) false negative; (h) miss-match detected successfully; (i) false positive not detected; (j), (k), (l) matches detected; and third row – STRUCK: (m), (p), (o) false negatives; (n) miss-match detected successfully; (q), (r) matches detected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-qualitative-comparison-of-segmentation-results-in-764wzc65.png Fig. 23. Qualitative comparison of segmentation results in Argentina and Boston datasets. By row: frame 115 (1st row), and frame 213 (2nd row) of Argentina; frame 40 (3rd row), frame 433 (4th row), and frame 2042 (5th row) of Boston. By column: from left to right, pathlines, streaklines, and our approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-quantitative-comparison-of-segmentation-results-in-3ltmh7dy.png Fig. 24. Quantitative comparison of segmentation results in Argentina dataset: (a) correctly segmented objects; (b), incorrectly segmented objects; and (c), non-segmented objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-system-flow-model-advection-step-3ph7nqbx.png Fig. 6. System flow model advection step. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-anti-tumour-necrosis-factor-therapy-reverses-the-3lfmfzoxlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-two-groups-of-patients-3t4qoxpa.png Table 2. Characteristics of the two groups of patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-activity-and-of-lipid-levels-in-the-two-1ypnb8pj.png Table 3 measures of activity and of lipid levels in the two groups of therapy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-ra-patients-and-healthy-controls-15v2xjh1.png Table 1. Characteristics of RA patients and healthy controls https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-costs-and-survival-of-prostate-cancer-a-population-cfkcrw0zo7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-survival-analysis-for-all-cause-3vq7bc71.png Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for all-cause mortality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-process-12nn8x6b.png Figure 1 Selection process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-patients-2npeu4bn.png Table 1 Main characteristics of patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uni-and-multivariate-survival-analysis-cox-82f13qg4.png Table 2 Uni- and multivariate survival analysis, Cox proportional-hazards model https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-evolution-and-predictive-factors-of-mild-1vaq0fniik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-associated-with-persistence-of-mild-ibd-in-36980kp2.png Table 4. Factors associated with persistence of mild IBD in patients with mild IBD at 1 year. Factors p Value HR (95% CI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-time-for-loss-of-mild-cd-status-events-3q9nmulo.png Table 3. Median time for loss of mild CD status. Events inducing loss of mild CD status Months (IQR) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mode-of-uc-worsening-5-years-after-the-diagnosis-3qg56dmd.png Figure 6. Mode of UC worsening 5 years after the diagnosis. The different events causing the loss of the mild character of the disease are represented in the figure. Only 2% of the patients required surgery. Immunomodulators and anti-TNF were prescribed in 23% and 9% of the patients, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-median-time-from-diagnosis-to-uc-worsening-3v7m2s3p.png Table 5. Median time from diagnosis to UC worsening. Characteristic UC of worsening Months (IQR) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mode-of-uc-worsening-at-maximum-follow-up-the-29qonyik.png Figure 7. Mode of UC worsening at maximum follow-up. The different events causing the loss of the mild character of the disease are represented in the figure. Only 15% of the UC patients required surgery. Immunomodulators and anti-TNF were prescribed in 54% and 31% of the patients, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-survey-with-mild-uc-among-the-142-patients-with-2qfqz5bz.png Figure 8. Survey with mild UC. Among the 142 patients with mild UC 1 year after the diagnosis still 80% of the patients had mild CD 10 years after the diagnosis and 40% 20 years after the diagnosis. After a longer period of time there is a trend for a progressive loss of the mild character of the UC but the curve seems to reach a plateau. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-characteristics-patients-characteristics-cd-4c16jq0d.png Table 1. Patients'characteristics. Patients characteristics CD, n = 473 (%) UC, n = 189 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patients-recruitment-1tw52y9q.png Figure 1. Patients recruitment. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-effects-of-social-stress-on-brain-and-behavior-a-2hcikwfgyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-time-spent-on-exploring-the-open-arms-of-2pafkkzo.png Fig. 2. Percentage of time spent on exploring the open arms of the elevated plus maze before and 5 min (day 0), 24 h (day 1), 7, 14, and 21 days after a single social defeat. Control group on the far left side of the bar graph consists of 16 animals. Each other bar (white for non-defeated and gray for defeated rats) represents a group of eight rats that all have been exposed only once to the maze. Significant group differences were observed at day 0 and 1 (p!0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-reference-memory-performance-as-measured-in-the-hole-2wylra2d.png Fig. 7. Reference memory performance as measured in the hole-board learning paradigm that started 22 days after the last defeat in rats that have been confronted five times with a resident male conspecific. Behavioral performance was compared with non-defeated controls. There was no significant difference in reference memory performance between stressed and non-stressed rats. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-increase-in-body-temperature-heart-rate-and-locomotor-102ngskn.png Fig. 3. Increase in body temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity (inset) in rats (nZ8) 7 days before (pre-stress), and 7 (post7) and 21 days (post21) after a single social defeat registered in the home cage of the animals when clean bedding was offered (at TZ0 min). A sensitization to this mild stressor was observed 3 weeks after the defeat exposure. There was a significantly higher body temperature and heart rate response in defeated rats as indicated by an increased area under the curve (AUC) measurements from tZ0–60 min (p!0.05). This coincided with an increased locomotor activity after cage cleaning 21 days after defeat (p!0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-escape-latencies-to-hidden-platform-in-the-morris-3pbouojz.png Fig. 6. Escape latencies to hidden platform in the Morris water maze learning paradigm that started 3.5 weeks after the last defeat on four training days in defeated rats (nZ17) and non-defeated controls (nZ15). Each time point is the result of taking the mean value of two trials, with an intertrial time of 1 h. Defeated rats show on average an increased learning behavior as indicated by decreased escape latency (p!0.05). Socially stressed rats were confronted five times on subsequent days with a resident male. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hypothermic-response-to-the-subcutaneously-injected-1h4srgfu.png Fig. 4. Hypothermic response to the subcutaneously injected serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OHDPAT (0.25 mg/kg; TZ0 min) in defeated rats 24 h before defeat and 14 days after defeat. The decrease in body temperature was compared with non-defeated controls. One day after defeat area under curve (AUC) comparisons indicate a hyposensitivity of the 5- HT1A receptor that is close to significance 24 h after defeat, but progressively increases to a significant difference 14 days after defeat (p!0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-representation-of-hippocampal-ca3-pyramidal-3l5behxq.png Fig. 5. Schematic representation of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons 3 weeks a of repetitive defeats every other day for a period of 21 days. Both after a double d occurs. Three weeks after a double defeat experience the basal dendrites of CA3 ne not occur 24 h after the last defeat in the repetitive stress exposure. After electrical in control animals (open circles). In double defeated rats (closed triangles) a signifi (gray squares) a robust LTD-like depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-left-graph-a-shows-the-behavioral-change-in-vgk75yns.png Fig. 1. The left graph (A) shows the behavioral change in defeated (nZ9) and non right side of the resident’s cage 35 days after a defeat experience in that cage. Groo immobility was higher in defeated rats (p!0.01). The resident male was placed in Behavioral change is plotted against the behavior in the same test situation 3 days top of the home cage was removed and rats were allowed to freely explore the res ‘intruder’s’ home cage) was increased (p!0.01 and p!0.05), while exploration o and rearing (p!0.05) was decreased. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-cu-stabilization-and-biomass-yields-of-giant-reed-152a4qvpml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shoot-ionome-and-shoot-cu-removal-of-p-nigra-and-a-24v089u3.png Table 4 Shoot ionome and shoot Cu removal of P. nigra and A. donax at month 22 (n = 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-physico-chemical-soil-parameters-m7xyvdd9.png Table 1 Main physico-chemical soil parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-soil-amendments-in-bold-values-8ka7nvd1.png Table 2 Composition of soil amendments. In bold, values exceeding the European Biochar Certificate V4.8 threshold values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-physico-chemical-parameters-of-soil-cecfkbzj.png Table 3 Comparison of physico-chemical parameters of soil pore waters, 3 and 22 months after soil am https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-integrated-biogeochemical-budget-driven-by-mj3stpuhad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-basin-tracer-storages-yjj4uzqb.png Table 6. Basin tracer storages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-the-model-outputs-for-espna-red-and-ib-3bjjemki.png Figure 3. Changes in the model outputs for eSPNA (red) and IB (blue) (y-axis, kmol·s-1) as a function of changes in the stoichiometric ratios (x-axis) A) rN:C, B) rP:C and C) rO:C. Vertical black dashed line is the stoichiometric ratio used in the reference model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-and-output-data-1kmwfvbd.png Table 2. Input and output data https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-impact-of-coal-mine-fire-smoke-on-lung-mechanics-1u15vbf3c0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-for-multivariate-linear-regressions-of-tctau996.png Table 2. Summary table for multivariate linear regressions of FOT parameters – regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-by-exposure-group-bx5vn7j4.png Table 1: Participant characteristics by exposure group. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-outcomes-for-children-with-early-language-problems-4dslq2ocut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-employment-characteristics-of-adults-who-had-poor-21njq8in.png Table 4: Employment characteristics of adults who had poor vocabulary at age 5 who were competent readers (CR) versus poor readers (PR) at age 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-education-characteristics-of-adults-who-had-poor-3vo6th7h.png Table 3: Education characteristics of adults who had poor vocabulary at age 5 and were competent readers (CR) versus poor readers (PR) at age 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-early-home-life-and-school-characteristics-among-2j4l8yco.png Table 1: Early home life and school characteristics among children with poor vocabulary at age 5 who were competent versus poor readers at age 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-per-cent-in-full-time-employment-january-1986-1f415731.png Figure 1: (a) Per cent in full-time employment January 1986–December 2003: men with poor vocabulary at age 5 and competent versus poor reading at age 10. (b) Per cent in paid employment January 1986–December 2003: women with poor vocabulary at age 5 and competent versus poor reading at age 10. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-performance-of-mergers-and-acquisitions-in-asean-2a44dcr00z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-table-t900ly7g.png Table 5: Correlation table https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-description-panel-a-completion-year-j0ffb4a1.png Table 2: Sample description Panel A: Completion year https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-operating-performance-2xo0frwd.png Table 3: Changes in operating performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cross-sectional-analysis-of-post-m-a-operating-oo1q2eba.png Table 6: Cross-sectional analysis of post-M&A operating performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-deal-characteristics-and-changes-in-operating-2b5lron7.png Table 4: Deal characteristics and changes in operating performance https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-trend-of-temperature-derived-by-statistical-2ikzhqms8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-t850-trend-c-derived-from-ncep-upper-2e24jxkl.png Fig. 3. Comparison of T850 trend (◦C) derived from NCEP (upper panels; 1981–2000 minus 1961–1980), HadCM3 (middle panels; 1980–1999 minus 1960–1979), and ECHAM5 (lower panels; 1981–2000 minus 1961–1980). Left panels are for January and right panels for July. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-first-eof-patterns-of-t850-left-panels-and-h850-aekcuiau.png Fig. 4. The first EOF patterns of T850 (left panels) and H850+T850 (right panels) of NCEP reanalysis in January (a, b) and July (c, d). The red lines are for T850 and the blue lines for H850. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-pcs-associated-with-the-regional-warming-mcd288hk.png Fig. 8. Comparison of PCs associated with the regional warming pattern from HadCM3. “P” denotes PC using the projected EOF method; “C” denotes PC using the common EOF method. (a) January and (b) July. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-future-long-term-temperature-trend-estimated-by-the-35gqeedm.png Fig. 10. Future long-term temperature trend estimated by the common EOF method. The difference of the mean temperature between 1961–1990 and 2070–2099 for HadCM3 and 2071–2100 for ECHAM5 is shown. “T10PCs” denotes the method using the first 10 PCs of T850 as predictors; “HT10PCs” denotes the method using the first 10 PCs of H850+T850 as predictors. (a) January and (b) July. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-future-long-term-temperature-trend-estimated-by-the-3tdfx3yy.png Fig. 9. Future long-term temperature trend estimated by the projected EOF method. The difference of the mean temperature between 1961–1990 and 2070–2099 for HadCM3 and 2071–2100 for ECHAM5 is shown. “T3PCs” denotes the method using the first three PCs of T850 as predictors; “HT3PCs” denotes the method using the first three PCs of H850+T850 as predictors. (a) January and (b) July. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-area-and-locations-of-the-48-observation-341unn55.png Fig. 1. Research area and locations of the 48 observation stations (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-pc-corresponding-to-the-regional-n9ful9fr.png Fig. 5. Comparison of the PC corresponding to the regional warming between H850+T850 and T850 in (a) January and (b) July. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-first-pcs-of-h850-t850-left-panels-and-t850-right-lx8qgw9x.png Fig. 6. The first PCs of H850+T850 (left panels) and T850 (right panels) from HadCM3 (upper panels) and ECHAM5 (lower panels) projected onto NCEP in January. The black solid lines are for NCEP, the dashed lines for the two GCMs, the red lines for the present climate, and the green lines for future climate. https://scispace.com/papers/longitudinal-analysis-of-virus-load-serum-antibody-levels-1lxik3x44l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-course-of-anti-sars-cov-2-s1-rbd-fig-2-a-c-and-1qg0hq0t.png Figure 2: Time course of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD (Fig.2 a-c) and anti-SARS-CoV-2-N (Fig. 2 d-f) IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody development of three clinically ill patients (patient 1, patient 2 and patient 3) using sera taken at different days (t 1 – t 9) after the onset of COVID-19 disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-course-of-sars-cov-2-rna-detection-in-nasal-maf29624.png Figure 1: Time course of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasal and oro-pharyngeal swabs of three clinically ill patient https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-variation-of-the-interplanetary-h-lya-glow-voyager-4ezyar79yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qlrinv5b.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-xi73bfnj.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ecomparison-of-the-voyager-1-and-voyager-2-ip-lya-3ct4c5s0.png FIG. 8.ÈComparison of the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 IP Lya measurements with subspacecraft Ñuxes based on SOLSTICE solar Lya measurements. For times when SOLSTICE data are not available, the solar Lya irradiance is estimated by a linear relationship with the Mg II index that accounts for the short- and long-term variability. The same model used in is used here to correct the data for spatial e†ects. The data have beenFig. 7 divided by an average solar minimum value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ethe-same-as-but-for-sme-solar-lya-measurementsfig-8-1r4yec99.png FIG. 9.ÈThe same as but for SME solar Lya measurementsFig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3g0j94it.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-etrajectories-of-voyager-1-and-voyager-2-heavy-lines-1crablhy.png FIG. 1.ÈTrajectories of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. Heavy lines show the trajectories, and lighter lines show their projections onto the ecliptic plane. The orbits of the outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are also shown. Voyager 1 turned north of the ecliptic plane at Saturn encounter, while Voyager 2 turned south at Neptune. The motion of the interplanetary medium relative to the Sun is shown by the large arrow marked ““ ISW.ÏÏ Its projection onto the ecliptic plane is shown below it. The small arrow is in the direction of the vernal equinox. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ecomparison-of-our-estimate-of-the-variation-in-solar-axwiuqnv.png FIG. 12.ÈComparison of our estimate of the variation in solar H Lya Ñux from Voyager 2 with the 81 day average of derived from the(Fig. 8) IpePioneerÈV enus Langmuir probe et al. The scales have been chosen so that the two indices match near solar minimum and so that the(Hoegy 1993). suppressed zeros coincide. The Voyager measurements indicate a more rapid rise in 1989, followed by a decrease in 1990È1991, when was still increasing.Ipe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ecalculation-of-model-sensitivity-to-the-radiation-1sciu0zp.png FIG. 4.ÈCalculation of model sensitivity to the radiation pressure parameter, k, in the case of the Voyager 2 data set. To illustrate this e†ect, we have compared the background intensities corresponding to the Voyager 2 observations computed with di†erent values of k. In the plot, the ratio of IP Lya model computations in two cases is shown as a function of time. The top curve corresponds to the ratio of a model with k \ 0.7 to a model with k \ 1. The bottom curve shows the ratio of a model with k \ 1.5 to the reference case with k \ 1. In each case, s andT d \ 1.2 ] 106 https://scispace.com/papers/longitudinally-extensive-myelitis-as-first-presentation-of-142s21b2ym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-of-the-cervical-1wx5gru7.png Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine; longitudinally extensive edema and fusiform cord enlargement extending from the medulla to T2 level. A) T2-sequence, sagittal cord MRI: Edema predominantly affecting the center of the spinal cord. B) FLAIR-sequence, sagittal brain MRI: nonspecific lesions and extending the cord lesion until medulla location. C) T1-sequence, sagittal brain MRI with contrast: two enhancement lesions with diffuse edema. D) Coronal computed tomographic image of the abdomen demonstrating a renal mass in right kidney (red dashed line) https://scispace.com/papers/longitudinal-spatial-patterns-of-intrinsic-brain-activity-4w0tpwfz92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-331c423e.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1tgtguu8.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1e9ulr92.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-k6gaen8e.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-brain-region-information-of-dc-comparison-between-1775ahz9.png Table 4: Brain region information of DC comparison between amputation patients and control normal at 2 months: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ki64w0rf.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2n74hsrv.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/lorazepam-but-not-diazepam-impairs-identification-of-505jpngngn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-results-identification-thresholds-30rl05lm.png Fig. 2 Experimental results: identification thresholds (expressed in percent of the contour needed to name the depicted object correctly) as a function of display condition and drug group. Both factors have a significant main effect, but they do not interact https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-stimuli-for-illustration-purposes-we-show-2n57zhgb.png Fig. 1 Examples of stimuli. For illustration purposes, we show two pictures at 20%, 40%, and 60% of the pixels defining the complete outline of a picture (displayed in three columns, left, https://scispace.com/papers/lorentz-force-induced-asymmetry-in-the-aharonov-bohm-effect-1upfrso3w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colour-on-line-charge-density-contours-and-probability-1ill7x8v.png Fig. 1 – (Colour on-line) Charge density contours and probability current vectors for an electron wave packet tunnelling through a two-terminal quantum ring with a single outgoing lead horizontally shifted from the ingoing lead by a = 60nm (see the inset in (a)) at B = 0.5T (a-d) and B = −0.5T (e-h). Plots (a,e), (b,f), (c,g), (d,h) correspond to t = 2.4, 4.7, 7.1 and 11.8 ps, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-colour-on-line-transfer-probability-in-function-of-the-s4h4mrvf.png Fig. 5 – (Colour on-line) Transfer probability in function of the magnetic field for the two-output lead with a = 60nm, for different values of the incident wave vector k. Red (black) curves show the transfer probability to the right (left) output leads, green curves show the total transfer probability and the blue ones the transfer probability for one of the output leads removed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-colour-on-line-a-the-packet-transfer-probability-2g0yjhnh.png Fig. 4 – (Colour on-line) (a) The packet transfer probability through the left (black curve) and right (red curve) output leads in function of the magnetic field, their sum, i.e. the total transfer probability (green line) and the packet transfer probability for a corresponding (see fig. 1) single output device (blue curve). (b) as (a) only for the output leads attached tangentially to the ring (a = d/2 = 132 nm, see the inset). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-colour-on-line-the-part-of-the-wave-packet-in-the-2o93jlmq.png Fig. 2 – (Colour on-line) The part of the wave packet in the input and output leads and in the ring for B = 0.5 (black curves) and −0.5T (red curves). Probability to find the electron below the ring for B = −0.5T was marked with red dots. The inset shows the packet transfer probability for a = 60nm and for the symmetrical leads a = 0 as a function of the magnetic field (lower axis) or flux (upper axis). https://scispace.com/papers/losing-our-way-with-mapping-thinking-critically-about-marine-4o08m452ta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interpretation-of-critical-cartography-arguments-2tg7o60i.png Figure 1. Interpretation of critical cartography arguments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-showing-isles-of-mull-eigg-muck-and-rum-and-35acf4vn.png Figure 2. Map showing Isles of Mull, Eigg, Muck and Rum and approximate route taken by the corresponding author with the creel fishermen. Adapted from Google Maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-showing-the-obligatory-passing-point-opp-of-2qjbas4n.png Figure 4. Diagram showing the obligatory passing point (OPP) of mapping and MSP, as well as the exclusion of certain actants, from an Actor-Network Theory (ANT) perspective. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-effort-kw-days-in-scotlands-seas-by-all-uk-2b0ajk3x.png Figure 3. Average effort (kw Days) in Scotland’s seas by all UK vessels (all lengths) 2005e2009. Adapted from The Marine Atlas (Baxter et al., 2011, p. 148), Marine Scotland. Note: no kw Days effort data for non-UK vessels. Rectangles where no effort by UK vessels was recorded are not coloured. https://scispace.com/papers/los-ungulados-sudamericanos-132d3tu4xk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-parte-occipital-de-un-craneo-de-tehuelia-regia-tamano-1wtmmldg.png Fig. 3.—-Parte occipital de un cráneo de Tehuelia regia, tamaño natural; formación cretácea superior, Lago Musters. Fig. 4.—Parte occipital de un cráneo de Nesodon ovinas, individuo joven, l/8 tamaño natural; forma¬ ción santacrucefía. https://scispace.com/papers/lost-in-translation-dietary-management-of-cardiovascular-xs20w1mfyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bivariate-analysis-of-clinical-and-socio-demographic-3aokmbte.png Table 1. Bivariate analysis of clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with reported diet among participants diagnosed with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1c7plnsc.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analysis-of-the-clinical-and-socio-3st4y3iy.png Table 2: multivariate analysis of the clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with reported diet, among participants diagnosed with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes https://scispace.com/papers/low-cost-smartphone-based-specular-imaging-and-automated-x2wm18mdi6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-corneal-endothelial-images-captured-2t635cz1.png Figure 2: Comparison of Corneal Endothelial Images Captured by Smartphone-based Imaging (Left) and Captured by the Tomey Specular Microscope (Right). Both images show the characteristic honeycomb pattern of the corneal endothelium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-acquisition-and-analysis-using-smartphone-1fnu2e3p.png Figure 3: Image Acquisition and Analysis using Smartphone Application. a) User can upload or take image. b) Crop image and select sub-section for analysis. c) Preview of image to be processed. d) Results of analysis, including endothelial cell density (ECD), cell hexagonality (HEX), and cell variation (CV). Segmented image is displayed, with cyan cells being four-sided, blue cells being five-sided, pink cells being six-sided, orange cells being seven-sided, and white cells being eight-sided or more. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-image-analysis-processing-pipeline-left-to-right-1pugt0a1.png Figure 4: Image Analysis Processing Pipeline. Left to Right: Raw Image, Cropped Image, Light Normalization, Smoothing, KH Algorithm, Thinning, Artifact Removal, Triple-Point Analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bland-altman-analysis-comparing-smartphone-based-2kcv3vqn.png Figure 5: Bland-Altman Analysis comparing Smartphone-Based Imaging and Tomey Specular Microscope. The x-axis is the difference between the two measurements and the y-axis is the mean of the two measurements. The upper and lower dotted lines represent the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-imaging-setup-of-smartphone-based-method-oneplus-7-22xz84p4.png Figure 1: Imaging Setup of Smartphone-based Method. OnePlus 7 Pro smartphone is shown attached to Topcon slit lamp. https://scispace.com/papers/low-cost-and-compact-single-photon-counter-based-on-a-cmos-2k74rzm1i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-response-of-the-50-um-detector-to-a-20-ps-fwhm-32pgpyv7.png Fig. 4. Time response of the 50 µm detector to a 20 ps (FWHM) pulsed laser at 850 nm with a repetition frequency of 1 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-the-spad-count-rate-on-the-photon-flux-4742mg8p.png Fig. 5 Dependence of the SPAD count rate on the photon flux (blue diamonds). With a hold-OFF time of 100 ns, the module saturates at 10 Mcps. The measured response matches the theoretical trend (grey line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-count-rate-over-a-period-of-120-minutes-with-n3qlr36p.png Fig. 6. Measured count rate over a period of 120 minutes with the detector illuminated by a constant CW light source. The overall variation in the count rate is < 0.22 % over the two hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-dark-count-rate-timing-jitter-photon-28cykirg.png Table 1. Measured dark count rate, timing jitter, photon detection efficiency, and hold-off time for 1% afterpulsing probability for different active area diameters of the SPAD integrated in the CMOS smart pixel. All measurements are at room temperature (25 °C) and 6 V excess bias [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-smart-pixel-based-on-a-vlqc-architecture-with-an-1y0y0p3z.png Fig. 1. Smart pixel based on a VLQC architecture with an integrated SPAD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overall-module-housed-in-a-1-inch-standard-aluminum-prbdeyio.png Fig. 3. Overall module, housed in a 1-inch standard aluminum tube and hold by a commercial optics mounting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-single-photon-counter-module-3drw9c38.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the single-photon counter module. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-count-rate-plot-as-measured-by-the-spad-detection-2puqmmfu.png Fig. 7. Count rate plot, as measured by the SPAD detection module during heart-beat measurements. The periodic variation (in the order of 0.75 % of the mean value) represents the changes in the optical properties of the finger (i.e. the blood volume in the vessels) due to the heart-beat (65 bpm in this case). https://scispace.com/papers/love-wave-contribution-to-the-ambient-vibration-h-v-35p3r0f8hr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-fora-in-per-cent-at-the-h-v-peak-using-2ud8a3ub.png Table 4 Estimates forα in per cent at the H/V peak using single stations in polarisation analysis compared to the result when usi g the complete array for measurements at the two sites discussed in detail https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-measured-values-fora-using-fkpa-and-3dh6prlk.png Table 3 Comparison of measured values forα , using FKPA and MSPAC, at peak frequencies of the H/V curves show in Fig. 10. N or S behind the site name refers to NERIES and SESAME measurements, respectively. Measurements are sorted by increasing H/V peak frequency. For the long-term measurements at Colfiorito, results from afternoon time windows are listed to allow comparability with the NERIES measurement at the same site. For their temporal varibility, see Tab. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-polarisation-orange-vs-propagation-blue-directions-xy8izu4f.png Fig. 13 Polarisation (orange) vs. propagation (blue) directions measured at array C in Nestos in the frequency band between 1.22 and 1.41 Hz, which encompasses the H/V peak at 1.3 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-propagation-directions-found-in-fk-analysis-of-the-1581ol5v.png Fig. 4 Propagation directions found in FK analysis of the synthetic data in the case of purely Rayleigh wave fundamental mode propagation for one dominant source. The radial coordinates give frequency in Hz, from 0.8 to 22. The colourscale represents increased intnsity from white over yellow to red. Only the east component is plotted,but north and vertical component both show very similar results. https://scispace.com/papers/low-complexity-framework-for-movement-classification-using-2wxod7h0s5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overview-of-the-mdc-architecture-1w87mmw5.png Fig. 5. Overview of the MDC architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-architecture-for-the-minimum-distance-computation-3suxroqu.png Fig. 6. Architecture for the minimum distance computation module. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-list-of-input-output-signals-3de2cz3q.png TABLE III LIST OF INPUT–OUTPUT SIGNALS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sequence-of-features-extracted-from-each-triaxial-data-m9huypta.png Fig. 4. Sequence of features extracted from each triaxial data segment to form a 30-bit feature code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-processing-framework-offline-online-processing-of-the-r988tuk5.png Fig. 1. Processing framework—offline/online processing of the training/ testing data set, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-recognition-sensitivities-for-arm-movements-of-1yjj3y79.png TABLE IV RECOGNITION SENSITIVITIES FOR ARM MOVEMENTS OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-use-case-activity-list-making-cup-of-tea-2k2fyjes.png TABLE I USE CASE ACTIVITY LIST— ‘MAKING CUP OF TEA’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-recognition-sensitivities-for-arm-movements-of-2jmm9lrd.png TABLE V RECOGNITION SENSITIVITIES FOR ARM MOVEMENTS OF STROKE SURVIVORS https://scispace.com/papers/low-cytotoxic-quinoline-4-carboxylic-acids-derived-from-2wy3ebzs4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-concentrations-of-tested-compounds-before-and-1b702675.png Table 1. The concentrations of tested compounds before and after the treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/low-density-parity-check-codes-for-nonergodic-block-fading-4jf6fuvcdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-local-neighborhood-of-bitnode-this-tree-is-used-to-z8v0wa6o.png Fig. 15. Local neighborhood of bitnode . This tree is used to determine the evolution of messages . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-two-examples-of-bad-configurations-under-belief-2e8unhxg.png Fig. 8. Two examples of bad configurations under belief propagation decoding on a block-fading channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tanner-graph-and-parity-check-matrix-for-a-regular-36-3iuzkbxz.png Fig. 10. Tanner graph and parity-check matrix for a regular (3,6) root-LDPC code of rate 1/2. An irregular structure can be easily plugged on edges connected to nonroot checknodes. (a) Tanner graph. (b) Parity-check matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-two-unique-good-configurations-rootchecks-under-belief-3kfdtx9r.png Fig. 9. Two unique good configurations (rootchecks) under belief propagation decoding on a block-fading channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-iterative-decoding-on-a-block-fading-channel-with-2q2d1tdn.png Fig. 16. Iterative decoding on a block-fading channel with . Density evolution of irregular root-LDPC and and its finite length performance. The irregular ensemble defined by (15) is also compared to a regular (3,6) ensemble and to the outage probability with BPSK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-codeword-representation-for-a-bf-channel-with-the-3jdnnkil.png Fig. 1. Codeword representation for a BF channel with . The fading gains are independent between themselves and among codewords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parity-check-matrix-notations-for-a-block-fading-3c00kdgm.png Fig. 2. Parity-check matrix notations for a block-fading channel with . The extra rows are added in order to enhance the coding gain of a full-diversity code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-tanner-graph-for-a-regular-46-root-ldpc-code-of-rate-203rflr1.png Fig. 11. Tanner graph for a regular (4,6) root-LDPC code of rate 1/3. The introduction of any irregularity is always possible on edges connected to nonroot checknodes. https://scispace.com/papers/low-incidence-of-late-recurrence-in-patients-with-pjde8m7dw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-29sxd3cq.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hi0sqxls.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1g8om3iu.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/low-level-apc-mutational-mosaicism-is-the-underlying-cause-51hx9xm0jq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-illustrating-the-overall-procedure-of-2zq3pxt2.png Figure 1 Workflow illustrating the overall procedure of screening for somatic APC mutational mosaicism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phenotype-of-patients-with-apc-mosaicism-all-had-an-2v4wglm5.png Table 2 Phenotype of patients with APC mosaicism (all had an attenuated polyposis and appeared to be sporadic cases) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-apc-mutation-c-4127-4128delat-p-tyr1376cysfs-9-in-xdd2dvzr.png Figure 3 APC mutation c.4127_4128delAT;p.Tyr1376Cysfs*9 in mosaic state (patient F5000): (A) Exome sequencing data of adenoma DNA (T1: 67%; 2 mutant reads, coverage 3×, T2: 92%; 23 mutant reads, coverage 25×, T3: 43%; 12 mutant reads, coverage 28× and T4: 17%; 2 mutant reads, coverage 12×) (Integrative Genomics Viewer). (B) Sanger sequencing of the corresponding region (adenoma DNA of T4, reverse sequence). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-histological-findings-and-results-of-apc-11bu65vg.png Table 1 Detailed histological findings and results of APC mutation screening in blood and polyp samples of the seven cases with mosaic APC mutations https://scispace.com/papers/low-latency-communication-infrastructure-for-synchrophasor-560f2m5zpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cdf-of-end-to-end-delay-for-500kbps-plc-links-bw-plec-33xsv74q.png Fig. 4. CDF of end-to-end delay for 500Kbps PLC links: BW-PLeC algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cdf-of-end-to-end-delay-for-500kbps-plc-links-plec-36na512k.png Fig. 3. CDF of end-to-end delay for 500Kbps PLC links: PLeC algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-a-mv-grid-with-pmus-deployed-across-2kwt12hd.png Fig. 1. Illustration of a MV grid with PMUs deployed across the topology. In the case of PLC, PMU flows follow the grid topology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-topology-properties-of-sample-mv-grid-in-the-6cblyklx.png TABLE I TOPOLOGY PROPERTIES OF SAMPLE MV GRID IN THE NETHERLANDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-topology-on-pmu-application-performance-9j7s5ujg.png Fig. 2. Impact of topology on PMU application performance. https://scispace.com/papers/low-lying-dirac-eigenmodes-topological-charge-fluctuations-13ndq5dbau 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-profile-of-the-typical-structure-and-attempted-pmxnwb3n.png Figure 3. The profile of the typical structure and attempted fits to ’t Hooft profile in the region 0.00 − 0.06 fm (leftmost curve), 0.06 − 0.12 fm (middle curve), and 0.12 − 0.18 fm (rightmost curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-x-distributions-for-first-20-near-zero-modes-of-2i1nct1m.png Figure 6. The X-distributions for first 20 near-zero modes of configuration 8 at β = 6.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-short-distance-fluctuations-rough-line-imposed-on-3h32jgeg.png Figure 1. Short-distance fluctuations (rough line) imposed on the instanton-like gauge potential (smooth solid line) and its possible effects on ’t Hooft modes (dashed line). See discussion in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-density-of-structures-in-fm-4-as-a-function-of-3uxj868l.png Figure 4. Top: Density of structures (in fm−4) as a function of the lattice spacing. Bottom: Average radius, < Rn >, of structures from regions of coherent local chirality. The lowest nonzero mode was used for the calculation. Data for the three smallest lattice spacings were used to obtain the fit. The horizontal line represents the radius of an ILM instanton. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ensembles-of-wilson-gauge-configurations-3d6qybyu.png TABLE 1. Ensembles of Wilson gauge configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-x-distributions-at-b-6-55-for-near-2jutxqf5.png Figure 5. Comparison of X-distributions at β = 6.55 for near-zero modes (solid line) and exact zero modes (dashed line) using the overlap Dirac operator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-distributions-for-four-wilson-gauge-ensembles-1z1e7gp0.png Figure 2. X-distributions for four Wilson gauge ensembles considered. https://scispace.com/papers/low-noise-amplifier-design-with-dual-reactive-feedback-for-4m6bailob6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-equation-verification-of-and-the-analysis-of-2x1bzkza.png Fig. 5. Equation verification of and the analysis of discrepancy factor effects on Smith chart. Frequency swept from 1 to 20 GHz with 1-GHz step. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-measured-and-simulated-nf-and-the-simulations-are-c14eh9p9.png Fig. 19. Measured and simulated NF and . The simulations are with the transistor model of the SS corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-snim-approaching-for-a-cs-lna-huk9mirx.png Fig. 1. SNIM approaching for a CS LNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-input-impedance-changed-among-the-two-feedbacks-with-1u2k4521.png Fig. 8. Input impedance changed among the two feedbacks with frequency. (a) Capacitive shunt feedback in lower frequency region. (b) Inductive series feedback in higher frequency region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-equivalent-circuit-presentation-of-to-the-circuit-in-1i10p8zm.png Fig. 7. Equivalent-circuit presentation of to the circuit in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gain-response-of-the-circuit-with-dual-reactive-zjq4mkq9.png Fig. 9. Gain response of the circuit with dual reactive feedback in Fig. 6. The low-frequency gain is suppressed by and the high-frequency gain is enhanced by . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-3-d-vector-operation-to-combine-the-two-partially-1xomv9cu.png Fig. 23. 3-D vector operation to combine the two partially correlated voltage noise sources in Fig. 22(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ideal-case-of-a-cs-amplifier-satisfying-snim-condition-2s0c44ev.png Fig. 3. Ideal case of a CS amplifier satisfying SNIM condition at all frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/low-pass-filtering-or-gain-tuning-free-simple-dc-offset-1ickgjm7iz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-hil-experimental-results-for-test-case-tp4-harmonics-efbb9o8r.png Fig. 14. HIL experimental results for test case TP4: Harmonics step test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-technique-for-a-three-6n8iu9oq.png Fig. 6. Block diagram of the proposed technique for a three-phase system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hil-experimental-results-for-test-sp1-2-hz-frequency-1zy2a9sf.png Fig. 7. HIL experimental results for Test SP1: + 2 Hz frequency jump. Fig. 8. HIL experimental results for test case SP2: + 0.15 p.u. DC offset jump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-hil-experimental-results-for-test-case-sp3-45-phase-15m9kcbe.png Fig. 9. HIL experimental results for test case SP3: + ∘45 phase jump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-experimental-test-results-using-the-setup-in-fig-15-a-3f44rizc.png Fig. 16. Experimental test results using the setup in Fig. 15: (a) Frequency step test and (b) Distorted grid voltage test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-overview-of-orthogonal-signal-generatorbased-3l03c37r.png Fig. 1. Basic overview of orthogonal signal generatorbased single-phase PLL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-hil-experimental-results-for-test-case-tp1-2-hz-pn1ejl0n.png Fig. 11. HIL experimental results for test case TP1: − 2 Hz frequency jump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-hil-experimental-results-for-test-case-tp2-0-1-p-u-dc-vyww90hl.png Fig. 12. HIL experimental results for test case TP2: − 0.1 p.u. DC offset jump in phase b and c. https://scispace.com/papers/low-stretch-greedy-embedding-heuristics-2b882brb9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-usage-of-shortcut-edges-vs-the-average-node-frmp4dni.png Figure 3. The usage of shortcut edges vs. the average node degree. The boxes show the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile as well as the minimum and the maximum value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-typical-hop-stretch-results-for-a-wireless-graph-1s4kkrye.png Figure 8. Typical hop stretch results for a wireless graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-hop-stretch-vs-spanning-tree-diameter-for-3sgfs5tu.png Figure 10. Average hop stretch vs. spanning tree diameter for the wireless graph model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-hop-stretch-vs-spanning-tree-diameter-for-1052b0lu.png Figure 9. Average hop stretch vs. spanning tree diameter for the G(n, p) graph model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependence-of-the-average-hop-stretch-of-a-greedy-2lb7iowr.png Figure 1. Dependence of the average hop stretch of a greedy embedding on the average node degree of the graph, averaged over 32 instance of a G(n0, p) graph. There is a range of critical node degrees, typically between 3 and 8 for which the hop stretch is maximal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simplified-model-the-number-of-next-hop-k7hup2nv.png Figure 2. A simplified model: The number of next hop candidates exponentially decreases as the packet gets closer to the destination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-average-hop-stretch-vs-the-fraction-of-shortcut-28fpni0o.png Figure 4. The average hop stretch vs. the fraction of shortcut hops taken by all greedy routes for a random, 60-node graph. The fraction of shortcuts (non-tree edges) used by the greedy paths is relatively small. (The line fits the data best in the least-squares sense.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-the-average-hop-stretch-of-a-greedy-2dsdmgl9.png Figure 5. Dependence of the average hop stretch of a greedy embedding on the average node degree of the graph, averaged over 32 instance of a G(n0, p) graph. There is a range of critical node degrees, typically between 3 and 8 for which the hop stretch is maximal. https://scispace.com/papers/low-temperature-phases-of-microcrystalline-fecl3-4uoeqv29ux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectra-of-fec13-absorber-thickness-30-000-a-deposited-2edzu58h.png FIG. 4. - Spectra of FeC13 (absorber thickness 30 000 A) deposited from a molecular beam onto a < 10 K Al foil at a rate of 300 A/min, for various temperatures above 100 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-low-temperature-spectra-of-vapour-deposited-feci3-see-14zfxyfe.png FIG. 5. - Low temperature spectra of vapour deposited FeCI3 (see Fig. 2) after annealing at 330 K. https://scispace.com/papers/low-voltage-and-fast-speed-all-polymeric-optocouplers-5ans83tnw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-transient-3rpu824f.png FIG. 4. Color online a Schematic diagram of the transient characteristics measurement. b The input and output currents vs time under 500 KHz modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-current-of-the-photodiode-iout-vs-voltage-of-the-qtdhd8of.png FIG. 3. a Current of the photodiode Iout vs voltage of the PLED Vin with photodiode under no bias condition. b Current transfer characteristics: current of the photodiode Iout vs current of the PLED Iin . Inset: current transfer ratio vs Iin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-current-luminance-voltage-characteristic-of-pled-1ydwr7xf.png FIG. 2. a Current-luminance-voltage characteristic of PLED. Inset: luminance vs current. b J-V characteristic of the photodiode under AM1.5G 100 mW/cm2 illumination. Inset: short-circuit current density Jsc dependence on the incident light intensity. c EL spectrum of PLED and EQE for the photodiode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-structure-and-corresponding-1esfehcj.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic structure and corresponding circuit of the optocoupler. https://scispace.com/papers/lowest-unmatched-price-auctions-3vapydx6tv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-realized-pure-strategies-auction-ad2-3000-4undsdyh.png Figure 8. Realized pure strategies (Auction AD2, 3000!). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-realized-pure-strategies-auction-ad3-5000-2ejpo0tq.png Figure 9. Realized pure strategies (Auction AD3, 5000!). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-empirically-derived-win-probabilities-for-bids-1-27bnmpd8.png Figure 10. Empirically derived win probabilities for bids 1-25 in 26 identical LUPAs, with a trend line, compared with the theoretical prediction (left panel) and their respective cumulative values (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-players-of-the-total-sample-of-bidders-1ssg958x.png Figure 2. Fraction of players (% of the total sample of bidders, !-axis) in an AuctionAir LUPA placing various numbers of bids ("-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-realized-pure-strategies-auction-rb-10000-2uzih450.png Figure 6. Realized pure strategies (Auction RB, 10000!). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-realized-pure-strategies-auction-ad1-1000-1b73v7zb.png Figure 7. Realized pure strategies (Auction AD1, 1000!). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-of-players-of-the-total-sample-of-bidders-325tqabh.png Figure 1. Fraction of players (% of the total sample of bidders, !-axis) in German LUPAs placing various numbers of bids ("-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-frequencies-of-bids-auction-rtl-350-000-35000000-3owdamrd.png Figure 14. Frequencies of bids (Auction RTL, 350 000!: ) = 35000000, ( = 49, number of players substituted with &"!1 = 72588). https://scispace.com/papers/lqr-mapped-fuzzy-controller-applied-to-attitude-nhsszb5nmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-em-unicycle-b-pendulum-mass-m-3lsp70xh.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of EM unicycle. (b) Pendulum mass M and m viewed from side and back. (c) Rider driving on the move. (d) Geometry of unicycle. Control of the unicycle combines rider’s manual controller and a complementary fuzzy controller. Manual torques mτ and fuzzy torque fτ are outputs of both controllers defined by t] [: RP mmmτ ττ , :Rmτ roll torque, :Pmτ pitch torque, :fτ t] [ fRfP fw τττ (fuzzy torque), :fwτ fuzzy wheel torque, :fPτ fuzzy pitch torque, :fRτ fuzzy roll torque. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-lqr-control-with-power-constraint-b-inversed-fuzzy-2q7xehpk.png Fig. 2. (a) LQR control with power constraint (b) Inversed fuzzy controller after mapping Preprocessing data assumption: 1) α and α& , as fuzzy variables are normalized, i.e. rad1=α and srad/1=α& 2) Maximum power max2P is w100 , i.e. nt-m100max2 =τ at srad/1=α& . 3) Apex of hyperboloid surface due to power constraint is indicated in https://scispace.com/papers/lqg-control-with-minimum-directed-information-semidefinite-4zwxknit5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structure-of-the-optimal-control-policy-for-problem-4-2j6dgt2l.png Fig. 3. Structure of the optimal control policy for problem (4). Matrices Ct , Vt , Lt , and Kt are determined by the SDP-based algorithm in Section IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensor-filter-controller-separation-principle-y5nhwnz8.png Fig. 4. Sensor–filter–controller separation principle: integration of the sensor–filter and filter–controller separation principles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-structure-of-optimal-control-policy-for-problem-38-2lefq6c8.png Fig. 8. Structure of optimal control policy for problem (38). Matrices L̃t , Ct , Vt , Lt , and Kt are determined by the SDP-based algorithm in Appendix F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lqg-control-of-fully-observable-plant-with-minimum-2vvkr56a.png Fig. 1. LQG control of fully observable plant with minimum directed information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lqg-control-of-partially-observable-plant-with-minimum-edtupd55.png Fig. 7. LQG control of partially observable plant with minimum directed information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-left-data-rate-di-d-bits-step-required-to-achieve-m1miyfw4.png Fig. 5. (Top left) Data rate DI(D) [bits/step] required to achieve control performance D. (Bottom left) Rank of SNR(D), evaluated after truncating singular values smaller than 0.1% of the maximum singular value. (Right) Singular values of SNR(D) evaluated atD = 33, 40, and 80. Truncated singular values are shown in block bars. An SDP solver SDPT3 [54] with YALMIP [55] interface is used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-closed-loop-performances-of-the-controllers-designed-3bqnz7ac.png Fig. 6. Closed-loop performances of the controllers designed for D = 33 (top), D = 40 (middle), and D = 80 (bottom). Trajectories of the second component of the state vector and their Kalman estimates are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lqg-control-over-noiseless-binary-channel-iyjcrk7d.png Fig. 2. LQG control over noiseless binary channel. https://scispace.com/papers/lrs-bianchi-type-v-perfect-fluid-cosmological-model-in-f-r-t-cgpz4h6owa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-variation-of-deceleration-parameter-q-against-time-221r7zug.png Figure 13: Variation of deceleration parameter q against time t for β = 0.5 and different n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-of-energy-density-against-time-for-u-0-2-1nv15tuf.png Figure 1: Variation of energy density against time for µ = 0.2, β = 0.5, k = 1, k1 = 0.01 different n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-energy-density-against-redshift-for-u-2eai6i7a.png Figure 2: Variation of energy density against redshift for µ = 0.2,k = 1,k1 = 0.25, n = 0.6 different β.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-of-eos-parameter-o-against-time-t-for-u-2170lai4.png Figure 11: Variation of EoS parameter ω against time t for µ = 0.2, β = 0.5, k = 1, k1 = 0.01 different n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-variation-of-eos-parameter-o-against-redshift-for-3cczj2fu.png Figure 12: Variation of EoS parameter ω against redshift for µ = 0.2,k = 1,k1 = 0.25, n = 0.6 different β. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-pressure-against-redshift-for-u-0-2-k-19o1cp3l.png Figure 4: Variation of pressure against redshift for µ = 0.2,k = 1,k1 = 0.25, n = 0.6 different β. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-pressure-against-time-for-u-0-2-b-0-5-1uc9l091.png Figure 3: Variation of pressure against time for µ = 0.2, β = 0.5, k = 1, k1 = 0.01 different n. https://scispace.com/papers/luminescent-protein-staining-with-re-i-tetrazolato-complexes-gah2cmlgna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-emission-profile-of-fac-re-co-3-bc-tph-black-trace-3b3hr182.png Figure 4: Emission profile of fac-[Re(CO)3(BC)(Tph)] (black trace), and fac-[Re(CO)3(BC)(Tph-Me)]+ (green trace), CH2Cl2, 298K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-normalized-emission-profile-of-fac-re-co-3-bcs-v4galunt.png Figure 3: (left) Normalized emission profile of fac-[Re(CO)3(BCS)-(Tph)]2-, in CH3OH (red trace) and H2O (blue trace); (right) Normalized emission profile of fac-[Re(CO)3(BPS)(Tph)]2-, in CH2Cl2 (red trace) and H2O (blue trace). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sds-page-of-different-dilutions-of-the-protein-2try6bbv.png Figure 9: SDS-PAGE of different dilutions of the Protein Molecular Marker (lane 1, 2, 3, 4): staining with fac[Re(CO)3(BC)(Tph)] (a) and fac-[Re(CO)3(BC)(Tph-Me)]+ (b); (c) and (d): subsequent Coomassie staining of gels (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structure-of-fac-re-co-3-bc-tph-with-key-1ziz0vkp.png Figure 1: Molecular structure of fac-[Re(CO)3(BC)(Tph)] with key atoms labelled. Displacement ellipsoids are at the 30% probability level. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°): Re(1)C(1) 1.907(3), Re(1)-C(2) 1.918(4), Re(1)-C(3) 1.934(4), Re(1)-N(2) 2.172(3), Re(1)-N(5) 2.200(3), Re(1)-N(6) 2.199(3), N(3)-N(4) 1.328(4), N(2)-N(3) 1.323(4), N(1)-N(2) 1.352(4), N(1)-C(4) 1.340(5), C(4)-N(4) 1.343(5), N(5)-Re(1)-N(6) 75.65(11), C(1)-Re(1)-N(5) 176.93(14), C(2)-Re(1)-N(6) 170.90(13), C(3)-Re(1)-N(2) 178.59(14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-three-staining-methods-for-the-3v9qtyic.png Figure 8: Comparison of three staining methods for the detection of different dilutions of the Protein Molecular Weight Marker in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Lane 1 to 4: 6, 3, 1.5 and 0.5 L of protein marker, respectively. (a) fac-[Re(CO)3(BCS)(Tph)]2- staining, (b) Coomassie Blue staining and (c) Silver staining. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sds-page-of-different-dilutions-of-the-protein-1cwmrvpb.png Figure 6: SDS-PAGE of different dilutions of the Protein Molecular Weight Marker. Lane 1 to 4: 6, 3, 1.5 and 0.5 L, respectively; (a) staining with fac-[Re(CO)3(BCS)(Tph)]2- and, (b) staining with fac[Re(CO)3(BPS)(Tph)]2-. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sds-page-of-total-protein-extracts-lane-1-to-4-5-2-1uq07aml.png Figure 7: SDS-PAGE of total protein extracts. Lane 1 to 4: 5, 2, 1 and 0.5 g, respectively; (a) staining with fac-[Re(CO)3(BCS)(Tph)]2- and (b) staining with fac-[Re(CO)3(BPS)(Tph)]2-. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sds-page-of-different-amounts-of-bsa-lane-1-to-4-1-d7atvegu.png Figure 5: SDS-PAGE of different amounts of BSA. Lane 1 to 4: 1, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.05 g BSA, respectively. (a) Staining with fac-[Re(CO)3(BCS)(Tph)]2-and (b) staining with fac-[Re(CO)3(BPS)(Tph)]2-. https://scispace.com/papers/lung-perfusion-mri-vs-spect-for-screening-in-suspected-4of3nmhla1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-diagnostic-performance-of-spect-and-mr-2mxytig9.png TABLE 1. Summary of Diagnostic Performance of SPECT and MR Perfusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-matched-slices-from-3d-coronal-spect-perfusion-2rylpypp.png FIGURE 1: Matched slices from 3D coronal SPECT perfusion images (top row) and DCE MR perfusion images (bottom) in a patient with normal lung perfusion (A) and with CTEPH (B). This shows the typical wedge-shaped perfusion defects (arrows) in the right mid, left lower, and left upper zones on the MR and the SPECT imaging of patient B. Note the images are presented on an inverse gray scale as reviewed clinically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-matched-slices-from-a-single-patient-with-cteph-3g9d6iog.png FIGURE 2: Matched slices from a single patient with CTEPH showing the SPECT and the peak enhancement image from a DCE perfusion MRI scan used clinically, alongside semiquantitative perfusion maps (pulmonary blood volume, flow, and mean transit time) from a DCE perfusion MRI. https://scispace.com/papers/lx-04-violence-measurements-steven-tests-impacted-by-omvmmzmg4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frame-showing-reaction-violence-after-projectile-3mo4lbw0.png FIGURE 3. Frame showing reaction violence after projectile impact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frame-showing-projectile-prior-to-projectile-impact-d5i0h61h.png FIGURE 2. Frame showing projectile prior to projectile impact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-results-for-the-steven-impact-test-3marorse.png FIGURE 4. Comparison of results for the Steven Impact Test (dashed lines) and the Susan Impact test comparing violence in the form of blast overpressure related to a TNT equivalent as a function of the projectile velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-lx-04-sample-density-1-863-g-cm3-high-3d3a8xtp.png TABLE 1. Summary of LX-04 (sample density 1.863 g/cm3) high velocity Steven Test results performed at ambient temperature (20°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-standard-steven-impact-15yqty7r.png FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the standard Steven Impact Test arrangement used in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/lying-behavior-family-functioning-and-adjustment-in-early-2odixofp5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlations-between-lying-and-the-3odptwml.png Table 3 Pearson correlations between lying and the relationship with parents: Parental reports https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-of-secrecy-disclosure-and-lying-on-3ts84fqe.png Table 5 Regression of secrecy, disclosure and lying on adjustment and relationship with parents: Beta weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-coefficients-and-descriptive-statistics-ojx0uk9n.png Table 1 Structural coefficients and descriptive statistics for lying scale items https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlations-between-lying-and-emotional-and-2hkroc6a.png Table 4 Pearson correlations between lying and emotional and behavioural adjustment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-2qdqp2i7.png Table 2 Means and standard deviations https://scispace.com/papers/lyophilized-b-subtilis-zb183-spores-90-day-repeat-dose-oral-2sunivdo2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-clinical-chemistry-parameters-296gd8wg.png Table 4: Summary of clinical chemistry parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-signi-cant-results-in-the-thyroid-hormone-un4pfvqg.png Table 5: Summary of signi cant results in the thyroid hormone pro le. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-signi-cant-functional-observation-battery-3db0nyse.png Table 2: Summary of signi cant functional observation battery results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-signi-cant-haematology-and-coagulation-3izo4svd.png Table 3: Summary of signi cant haematology and coagulation parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/machine-learning-to-improve-prediction-of-mortality-3wzyyw5y09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-population-based-performance-metrics-for-2aic5jn1.png Table 2. Summary of population-based performance metrics for logistic regression, lasso model, XGBoost model, and meta-classifier models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meta-classifier-algorithm-design-3i0f3skb.png Figure 1. Meta-classifier algorithm design https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shift-table-representing-actual-observed-event-rates-238thrr4.png Table 3. Shift table representing actual observed event rates for pairs of models. Three categories of predicted risk based on the logistic regression are compared against the predicted risk for the same patients using lasso model, XGBoost model, and the meta-classifier (bottom third). Event rate is reported as a percentage for each cohort, and the cohort size is shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-receiver-operator-characteristic-a-and-precision-12n0fkx2.png Figure 2. Receiver Operator Characteristic (A) and Precision-recall curves (B) for logistic regression, lasso, XGBoost, and meta-classifier models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-derivation-and-2d78rjnp.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of derivation and validation cohorts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-individual-risk-estimates-across-2j5ojm9g.png Figure 3. Comparison of individual risk estimates across deciles of risk based on the logistic regression (LR) model (A) Observed mortality and lasso-predicted risk of mortality https://scispace.com/papers/lysosomal-function-and-dysfunction-mechanism-and-disease-1ky1vlp5vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recently-described-models-and-diseases-associated-1d3dp6ag.png Table 1. Recently Described Models and Diseases Associated with Lysosomal Dysfunction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pathways-converging-in-lysosomes-3m171stn.png FIG. 1. Pathways converging in lysosomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lysosomal-functions-3kugcrak.png FIG. 2. Lysosomal functions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cell-death-pathways-after-lysosomal-membrane-1728d0ba.png FIG. 3. Cell death pathways after lysosomal membrane permeabilization. https://scispace.com/papers/machine-translation-on-a-parallel-code-switched-corpus-2as5zbr7wp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-scale-used-for-each-evaluation-scenario-2qwrx2r5.png Table 4. Evaluation scale used for each evaluation scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-about-the-parallel-corpus-2o1ufra8.png Table 1. Statistics about the parallel corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-evaluation-of-the-machine-translation-systems-2ba136m4.png Table 6. The evaluation of the machine translation systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-about-the-parallel-code-switched-corpus-1e1n80wk.png Table 2. Statistics about the parallel code-switched corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-a-code-switched-sentence-with-their-1j2hc4ed.png Table 3. Examples of a code-switched sentence with their Arabic/English translation reference (Arabic segments are written in buckwalter transliteration). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-score-of-human-evaluation-of-the-arabic-309hsqld.png Table 5. Average score of human evaluation of the Arabic reference translations. https://scispace.com/papers/macroeconomic-evaluation-of-labor-market-reform-in-germany-18b8zt7e3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-macroeconomic-effects-1a8r0kex.png Table 2. Macroeconomic Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-welfare-effects-in-percent-of-lifetime-consumption-1xonm71j.png Table 3. Welfare Effects in Percent of Lifetime Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unemployment-rate-germany-1970-2011-1knphxxq.png Figure 1: Unemployment Rate, Germany 1970 - 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quarterly-job-finding-rates-by-duration-of-2ka1dv1a.png Figure 2: Quarterly Job Finding Rates by Duration of Unemployment Spell, Germany 2000 - 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annualized-growth-rate-of-average-wage-3m14b39u.png Figure 8: Annualized Growth Rate of Average Wage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-annualized-growth-rate-of-aggregate-output-2m58554l.png Figure 7: Annualized Growth Rate of Aggregate Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-net-replacement-rate-germany-2001-2010-2ooi3l18.png Figure 4: Average Net Replacement Rate, Germany 2001 - 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-wage-and-real-gdp-per-capita-1992-100-germany-1457armx.png Figure 3: Real Wage and Real GDP per Capita (1992 = 100), Germany 1992 - 2011 https://scispace.com/papers/macroeconomic-impacts-of-the-2010-earthquake-in-haiti-4kvilr23t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2u4b80f9.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-17syh9ub.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-inflation-in-consumer-prices-annual-percent-for-haiti-18uhs24v.png Fig. 16 Inflation in consumer prices, annual percent, for Haiti vs. Synthetic Haiti. Sources: WDI, author calculations https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-continued-weights-of-countries-in-the-donor-pool-for-2sacvd5h.png Table 7. Weights of countries in the donor pool for figures using WDI data https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1zzxo4xq.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-weights-of-countries-in-the-donor-pool-for-figures-1i6lx21g.png Table 7. Weights of countries in the donor pool for figures using WDI data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gross-capital-formation-constant-2010-usd-billions-for-oq8bydwm.png Fig. 9 Gross capital formation (constant 2010 USD, billions) for Haiti vs. Synthetic Haiti. Sources: WDI, author calculations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-gdp-per-capita-ppp-constant-2011-international-3ex4bygh.png Fig. 21 GDP per capita PPP (constant 2011 international dollars) for Haiti vs. Synthetic Haiti. Sources: WDI, author calculations https://scispace.com/papers/macrophages-orchestrate-the-expansion-of-a-pro-angiogenic-4mmoebe3k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lyve-1-marks-a-pro-tumoral-perivascular-tam-2kacuy1x.png Figure 2. Lyve-1 marks a pro-tumoral perivascular TAM population. (A,B) TAM clusters identified in Fig.1 using scRNA-seq (n=3 mice) were assessed for their similarity to M1/2 macrophage polarization programs. (A) Box and whisker plots show normalized mean M1 and M2 associated gene scores across the indicated TAM clusters identified. (B) Scatter plot of normalized mean M1/M2 gene score plotted by individual cell (dot) and colored according to their respective TAM cluster. Blue line represents y=x line for reference. (C,D) Subset unique, significantly upregulated GO terms based on differentially expressed genes between the two terminal Mrc1high TAM subsets identified in the TAM scRNA-set dataset (C), volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes between the two subsets of pro-tumoral TAM (D). (E-G) Schematic of Slingshot trajectory analysis of TAM clusters highlighting predicted Mrc1 expressing clusters. The clusters where Mrc1 was not identified as a differentially expressed gene are greyed out (E), and mapping of these clusters predicted by the scRNAseq dataset onto a contour plot of FACs-gated live (7AAD-) CD206+ F4/80hi TAMs from enzyme-dispersed MMTV-PyMT tumors. TAM populations are separated based on their respective expression of CD206 and MHCII (left panel) and then assessed for their expression of Lyve-1, shown as histograms (right panel; colored shaded histograms) against that of the isotype control staining of F4/80+ TAMs (open black line) (F) and quantification of the gated populations (G). Data representative of n=4 tumors. (H-J) Diagram of the FACs gating strategy for TAM populations sorted for bulk RNA-seq (n=5 tumors) (H), PCA plot of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scrna-seq-of-tams-in-mmtv-pymt-tumors-reveals-three-3mh9n56a.png Figure 1. ScRNA-seq of TAMs in MMTV-PyMT tumors reveals three distinct polarization pathways. (A) Schematic outlining the scRNA-seq experimental workflow which was conducted for n=3 individual MMTV-PYMT tumors and mice, sequencing a total of 9,039 cells using the 10X Genomics’ Chromium platform. (B) UMAP plot of sequenced TAMs colored by their associated cluster identity. (C) UMAP visualizations of predicted marker gene expression for distinct TAM clusters shown in (B). (D) Violin plots of selected genes associated with TAM cluster identity seen in (B). (E) The relative proportion of each TAM cluster across the individual MMTV-PyMT tumors analyzed. (F) Heatmap representing significantly upregulated GO pathway terms in one or more TAM clusters. (G,H) Scatter plot of single cells projected into two dimensions using diffusion maps, where each cell (dot) is colored by cluster identity, labeled with diffusion component (DC) space annotation representing lineage trajectories predicted by the Slingshot package (G) and schematic map of each TAM cluster’s location along the respective trajectories (H). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lyve-1-tams-communicate-to-asma-cafs-in-the-egt85fqe.png Figure 5. Lyve-1+ TAMs communicate to αSMA+ CAFs in the perivascular niche via a pro-proliferative PDGF-CC:PDGFR-α interaction (A) Circos plot showing predicted crosstalk of perivascular ligand-receptor interactions as identified by CellPhoneDB from the respective RNA-seq datasets. Outer sectors and links between sectors are weighted according to the total number of annotated ligand-receptor interactions between each respective cell type. (B) Schematic representing the method of cell type ligand-receptor interactome generation. (C) Heatmap showing the Lyve-1+ TAM (TAM06) and αSMA+ CAF population-specific secretome generated using data from (A) and the method outlined in (B) diagram displaying the ligand:receptor pairs between Lyve-1+ TAMs (TAM06) and αSMA+ CAFs and endothelial cells. The analysis highlighted a unique PDGF-CC:PDGFRα interaction specific to Lyve-1+ TAMs (TAM06) and αSMA+ CAFs. (D) Schematic map of each TAM cluster’s location along the respective trajectories marking the Lyve-1+ TAM population (left) and violin plots of Pdgfc expression associated with TAM clusters (right). (E-G) Schematic for experimental approach and dosing strategy to acutely inhibit PDGF-CC signalling using an anti-PDGF-CC neutralizing antibody (E). Abundance of indicated cell populations (F). Proportion of EdU+ cells within each CD45- cell subset, (cohorts of n=4 mice) (G). (H) Bar plot depicting normalized gene expression values for Pdgfra in the bulk RNA-sequenced populations (left) across n=5 mice. (I) Representative histograms of surface PDGFRα staining on the indicated cells against isotype antibody staining of gated using flow cytometry analysis from enzyme-dispersed MMTV-PyMT tumors. (J) Schematic overview of the Lyve-1+ TAM supporting niche to support perivascular αSMA+ CAF expansion through its close proximity and high expression of PDGF-CC. Images in panel (B and J) was created using BioRender software. Bar charts represent mean and the dots show individual data points from individual tumors and mice, error bars represent s.d. * P<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lyve-1-tams-orchestrate-pericyte-like-asma-caf-l8n7fo50.png Figure 4. Lyve-1+ TAMs orchestrate pericyte-like αSMA+ CAF expansion within the perivascular niche of the tumor. (A) Representative images of frozen sections of MMTVPyMT tumors stained with DAPI (nuclei; blue) and antibodies against F4/80 (magenta) and αSMA (red); functional vasculature was labeled in vivo using i.v. dextran-FITC (green). Scale bar represents 100μm. (B) Representative images of frozen sections from human invasive ductal mammary carcinoma (left) and DCIS (right) stained with DAPI (nuclei; blue) and antibodies against CD31 (green), CD68 (magenta) and αSMA (red), images representative of 5 patients. Scale bar represents 100μm (left panel) and 50μm (right panel). (C) Representative flow cytometry gating strategy for live (7AAD-) CD45- cells and CD31+ endothelial cells and CD90+ CAFs (left) and the abundance of CAFs at different tumor volumes (right), n=6 mice per condition. (D) Identification of CAF subsets by unsupervised clustering from multiparametric flow cytometry data using the FlowSOM algorithm. UMAP and unsupervised clustering was performed using the markers shown in the heatmap (right). UMAP plot shows individual cells colored by their unsupervised clustering assignment (left). Heatmap displays the relative marker expression of each marker among the two subsets (right), n=4 mice. (E) Representative gating strategy for flow cytometry sorting the predicted subsets of CAFs by unsupervised clustering analysis. (F) Bar plots depicting normalized gene expression values for the indicated genes in the two bulk RNA-sequenced CAF subsets (across n=5 mice), showing that the αSMA+ CAF population expresses pericyte markers (Acta2, Des, Pdgfb and Cspg4) in MMTV-PyMT tumors. (G) Abundance of the respective CAF populations during distinct stages of tumor progression, n=6 mice per stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lyve-1-pvtam-depletion-slows-tumor-growth-and-is-14kmuv9a.png Figure 3. Lyve-1+ pvTAM depletion slows tumor growth and is associated with a concurrent loss of perivascular αSMA+ stromal cells. (A) Schematic for experimental approach and dosing strategy to deplete Lyve-1+ TAMs using clodronate-filled liposomes. Arrows represent days of treatment. (B) Growth curves of MMTV-PyMT tumors in mice treated with control PBS-filled liposomes (Cntrl-lip) or clodronate-filled liposomes (Clod-lip) as shown in panel (A), arrow marks the initiation of treatment, (cohorts of n=6 mice). (C-I) Tumors were excised at day 15 post initiation of administration of clodronate-filled liposomes shown in (B), enzyme-dispersed and assessed using flow cytometry (n=5-6 tumors in each condition) for; (C) Abundance of live (7AAD-) CD45+Ly6C-F4/80+CD206+ TAMs from enzyme-dispersed MMTV-PyMT tumors measured by flow cytometry. (D) Schematic of CD206+ TAM clusters identified in scRNA-seq (left in color), and a representative flow cytometry contour plots showing both cntrl- and clodronate-filled liposome treated tumors demonstrating depletion of CD206hiMHCIIlo(Lyve-1+) TAMs within the CD45+Ly6C-F4/80+ TAM gate (right) and (E) their quantification. (F) Abundance of live (7AAD-) CD45+Ly6CF4/80+CD206- TAMs and (G) live CD45+CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytes. (H) Representative images of frozen sections of tumor sections from mice treated with cntrl- or clodronate-filled liposomes stained with DAPI (nuclei; blue) and antibodies against F4/80 (green) and CD31 (red). Scale bar represents 50μm (left panel) and 100μm (right panel). (I) The abundance of major immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment measured by flow cytometry. (J-L) Representative images of frozen sections of MMTV-PyMT tumors from mice treated with cntrl- or clodronate-filled liposomes stained with antibodies against CD31 (green) and αSMA (red), scale bar represents 100μm (left and right panels) (J) and the quantification of relative CD31+ pixel area (K) and αSMA+ pixel area (L) A total of n=12 sections were analyzed across the 6 tumors in each cohort. Growth curve in (B) is presented as mean ± s.e.m and bar charts represent mean and the dots show individual data points from individual tumors and mice. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, ***P<0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/magnaporthe-oryzae-populations-adapted-to-finger-millet-and-15rw4mimkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnaporthe-oryzae-isolates-containing-the-grh-element-1oea8a4r.png Fig. 2 Magnaporthe oryzae isolates containing the grh element among the populations associated with finger millet blast in Kenya and Uganda. a PCR assay to amplify a grh fragment using primers PESF and PESR; W negative control without DNA, G22 previously characterised isolate containing grh; Isolates 1–13 are listed in the table in the corresponding order. b Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the M. oryzae isolates (4%) containing the grh element. a Isolates were characterised using AFLP markers; SH Single haplotypes; ShH-05, 08 and 20 Shared haplotypes. b Mating type was determined using a PCR assay. c Fertility status was determined as H hermaphrodites; M males and I infertile (in crosses, perithecia are produced by the test isolate and the standard tester; only by the standard tester, and no perithecia are produced, respectively); d K15/53n, high aggressiveness (???) and K44/111p, low aggressiveness (?) as determined in pathogenicity tests on ten finger millet varieties. Isolate details are provided in Table S3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-magnaporthe-oryzae-populations-associated-with-rice-10mylccf.png Fig. 6 Magnaporthe oryzae populations associated with rice blast in West Africa revealed clear differences in compatibility and incompatibility to rice differentials carrying various R genes in pathogenicity tests under controlled conditions. a Compatibility and incompatibility (%) of M. oryzae isolates representing the major lineages in each of the four West African countries. b An example of the compatible and incompatible interactions shown by these isolates on rice differentials A–H representing Raminad Str. 3, Zenith, NP-125, Usen, Dular, Kanto 51, Sha-tiao-tsao and Caloro, respectively. 156 isolates representing the major lineages in each of the four countries were pathotyped on the rice differentials. Details of the isolates and their reactions are available in Tables S4 and S3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-blast-pathogen-m-oryzae-and-m-grisea-isolates-used-3p4h3tk8.png Table 1 Blast pathogen M. oryzae and M. grisea isolates used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnaporthe-oryzae-populations-associated-with-finger-20txarh1.png Fig. 4 Magnaporthe oryzae populations associated with finger millet blast in East Africa revealed only differences in aggressiveness and not cultivar incompatibility in pathogenicity tests under controlled conditions. a Aggressiveness of 31 isolates based on data pooled from infection levels on eight finger millet varieties; b reaction of eight finger millet varieties based on data pooled from the infections caused by 31 isolates; c typical blast symptoms on the leaves of finger millet seedlings caused by isolates from finger millet (1 isolate K57/126) and wild millet (2 isolate K28/82W); details of the isolates used are presented in Table S1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dendrograms-depicting-the-typical-lineage-based-660swnj3.png Fig. 5 Dendrograms depicting the typical lineage-based pattern of the M. oryzae populations associated with rice blast in West Africa based on MGR586 fingerprints. a An example of the limited number of lineages (GH-1 to GH-4 in Ghana) comprising the pathogen populations in a country in the West African region. b Nine distinct lineages identified in West Africa based on a comparison of various lineages common to the four countries with a representative isolate shown for each of the countrywise lineages; WA-1 to WA-4 are the major lineages, whilst WA-5 to WA-9 are of restricted occurrence. MGR586 fingerprint data was converted to a binary matrix which was analysed by the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) method; bootstrap values of 100 replications of the data set are shown in percentages for each of the lineages; 305 isolates were analysed in all, and their details are provided in Table S3; BF Burkina Faso, CD Côte d’Ivoire, GH Ghana, NI Nigeria and WA West Africa; R refers to the international reference isolate used in MGR586 fingerprint analysis. c MGR586 fingerprints of M. oryzae isolates representing the three major blast pathogen lineages in West Africa and Ghana (WA1 = GH-1, WA-2 = GH-3 and WA-3 = GH-2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dendrogram-depicting-the-continuous-variation-pattern-1bgbb4ot.png Fig. 1 Dendrogram depicting the continuous variation pattern of the Magnaporthe species haplotypes associated with finger millet blast in East Africa based on AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) profiles. AFLP data generated with five primer-pair combinations were pooled together to prepare a binary matrix which was analysed by the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) method; bootstrap analysis of 100 replications of the data set revealed less than 50% support for any of the isolate clusters within M. oryzae indicating that the haplotypes do not form distinct genetic groups or lineages; isolate K7/26n representing the widely distributed ShH24 is shown in a box. M. grisea isolates from Digitaria species formed a distinct cluster from rest of the haplotypes with 87% bootstrap support, as shown in the dendrogram. Scale bar represents percentage similarity. For ShH with identical AFLP profiles, only representative isolates are shown in the dendrogram and the various isolates included by each of the ShH are shown in Table S2 https://scispace.com/papers/magnesian-calcite-solid-solution-thermodynamics-inferred-4asv0yi5m3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modeled-equilibrium-solid-calcite-mg-ca-ratio-as-a-11wd3ylh.png Figure 4. Modeled equilibrium solid calcite Mg/Ca ratio as a function of temperature and fluid Mg/Ca ratio at 1 bar pressure. 5. DISCUSSION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mg-distribution-coefficient-in-calcite-as-a-2paxuq5v.png Figure 3. Mg distribution coefficient in calcite as a function of aqueous Mg/Ca. (a) Measured data for non-equilibrium inorganic calcite precipitation from seawater (Mucci and Morse, 1983) used to fit the W12 interaction parameter and the corresponding kinetic model curve. (b) Modeled distribution coefficients for calcite precipitated near equilibrium. The vertical scale is larger in (a), because faster growth rates in the inorganic experiments increase the Mg distribution coefficient at a given temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-distribution-of-mg-in-authigenic-and-1pt279pp.png Figure 1. Spatial distribution of Mg in authigenic and biogenic calcite from ODP site 807 marine carbonate sediment. Electron microprobe (a) BSE maps and (b) corresponding Mg/Ca ratios show euhedral authigenic calcite crystals adjacent to foraminiferal shell fragments. (c) Average Mg/Ca ratios for the AC (± 2 s.e., N=53) obtained by averaging transects (8 per particle) through each particle as illustrated in (a) increase systematically from the particle center to the edge, indicating enhanced Mg uptake due to sediment warming during burial diagenesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theoretical-temperature-dependence-of-the-mg-ca-32nxdiyb.png Figure 5. Theoretical temperature dependence of the Mg/Ca ratio in calcite superimposed on (a) benthic and (b) planktonic foraminiferal paleoproxy calibrations. Model curves (solid black) are calculated assuming Mg/Ca ratios in the calcifying fluid labeled on the panels, and shaded regions indicate the range of uncertainties on the W21 interaction parameter (Eq. 13). Compared with the field-based Mg/Ca paleotemperature calibration curves (gray dashed), model curves closely capture the temperature dependence, as well as the increase in temperature dependence for higher (cMg/cCa)cfl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-measured-mg-partitioning-data-assumed-to-pkwmlgsq.png Table 1. Summary of measured Mg partitioning data assumed to reflect equilibrium values. Pressures for core top data are determined based on hydrostatic seawater pressure at depth. Uncertainties included in the tabulated data are accounted for in the linear fit to the interaction parameter W21(T). Uncertainties on measured values are given as 1 standard deviation unless otherwise noted, and asymmetric uncertainties are given in square brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-solid-activity-coefficients-for-magnesite-in-mg-2eg7n2ns.png Figure 2. (a) Solid activity coefficients for magnesite in Mg calcite as a function of temperature. The strong temperature dependence of the solid activity coefficient indicates highly non-ideal solid solution behavior. (b) Calculated interaction parameter (W21; Eq. 10) used to model MgCO3 solid solution in calcite. A large positive value of W21 is consistent with excess enthalpies of mixing expected for disordered Mg calcite and dolomite (Navrotsky and Capobianco, 1987; Burton and Van de Walle, 2003). The linear dependence on temperature at low-T should not be extrapolated to higher temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-excitation-in-cumn-spin-glass-alloy-4axswl06hn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lorentzian-fitting-parameters-for-cu78-7m1121-3-2kgx4xua.png Table I. Lorentzian fitting parameters for CU78.7M1121.3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-data-at-20-k-solid-lines-show-the-2ouidzxm.png Fig. 1. Experimental data at 20 K. Solid lines show the calculated line profiles by using the fitting parameters given in Table I. Broken lines indicate the background counts estimated from the line shape fitting calculation. Open circles show the magnetic contribution of elastic diffuse scattering. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-detection-and-characterization-of-biogenic-magnetic-io9r0u1scz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-room-temperature-a-d-fmr-spectra-and-e-f-forc-1wwzjpl6.png Figure 9. Room temperature (a–d) FMR spectra and (e, f ) FORC diagrams for a range of lake sediment samples from the DLS, Europe (see Figure 1). Black lines are the smoothed data using FFT filtering. The sharp red lines (at ~310–380 mT) originate from paramagnetic Mn2+. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-room-temperature-fmr-parameters-for-the-studied-1b82zg76.png Table 1. Room Temperature FMR Parameters for the Studied Samples Samples Sediment Age and Type Beff (mT) geff Blow (mT) Bhigh (mT) ΔBlow (mT) ΔBhigh (mT) ΔBFWHM (mT) A α https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-room-temperature-a-derivative-fmr-spectrum-b-the-186tihzu.png Figure 4. Room temperature (a) derivative FMR spectrum, (b) the corresponding FMR absorption spectrum, (c) fitting of the measured FMR spectrum with one biogenic component, (d) fitting of the measured FMR spectrum with two components (biogenic and isotropic), and (e) FORC diagram for a pelagic marine carbonate sample ODP689D-11R2-119 from ODP Site 689, Maud Rise, Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. These FMR and FORC signatures are typical of samples with biogenic magnetite chains [Roberts et al., 2012, 2013]. In Figure 4a, the FMR spectrum contains multiple peaks (typically two) at low fields (black arrows), a pronounced minimum at high fields (red arrow), and an asymmetric overall shape. This spectrum also contains a weak radical signal with a g value of 2 superimposed on the FMR signal. In Figure 4b, definition of FMR parameters is illustrated [Weiss et al., 2004; Kopp et al., 2006a, 2006b]. FMR parameters listed in Figure 4a fall within the geff< 2.1, A< 1, and α< 0.3 regions. In Figures 4c and 4d, the black line is themeasured spectrum, the dotted green line is the biogenic FMR component, the dotted blue line represents an isotropic component, and the dashed red line is the sum of the two model FMR components. This scheme applies to all spectral fits presented in the succeeding figures. Fitted uniaxial anisotropy (Buni) andmagnetocrystalline anisotropy (Bcubic) are indicated. The FORCdiagram in Figure 4e has a central ridge feature [Egli et al., 2010] with negligible vertical spread and peak coercivity of ~30 mT. The thick black line indicates the 0.05 significance level [Heslop and Roberts, 2012]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-room-temperature-a-d-fmr-spectra-and-e-h-forc-4iu1svan.png Figure 8. Room temperature (a–d) FMR spectra and (e–h) FORC diagrams for continental margin marine sediments from core MD01-2421 offshore of central Japan, north Pacific. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-room-temperature-a-c-fmr-spectra-d-f-decomposition-1rjawkzr.png Figure 7. Room temperature (a–c) FMR spectra, (d–f ) decomposition of the measured FMR spectra, and (g–i) FORC diagrams for several surface marine sediment samples from core CD143-55705 from the Oman margin, northwestern Arabian Sea. In Figures 7a–7c, the red lines represent the original measured data. Black lines are after FFT smoothing. In Figures 7d and 7f, the decomposition of all three experimental FMR spectra from the automatic fitting program is not satisfactory. Please refer to text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-plots-of-fmr-parameters-in-a-a-geff-versus-a-110quffn.png Figure 12. Plots of FMR parameters in a (a) geff versus A diagram and a (b) ΔBFWHM versus A diagram [Weiss et al., 2004; Kopp et al., 2006a, 2006b]. The dashed lines in Figure 12a represent geff = 2.12 and A=1. Data from MTB fall within the regionwith A< 1 and geff< 2.12 [Weiss et al., 2004; Kopp et al., 2006a, 2006b]. The dashed lines in Figure 12b are contours of the empirical FMR parameter α (see text for a description of α ). FMR parameters for several samples that contain a significant amount of detrital magnetic mineral grains are not plotted because their FMR parameters deviate significantly from the region expected for biogenic magnetite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-with-locations-from-which-results-are-presented-3bls92d7.png Figure 1. Map with locations from which results are presented for sedimentary samples in this study. See text for details of studied samples and locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-room-temperature-a-l-fmr-spectra-m-o-theoretical-2a00zm7g.png Figure 11. Room temperature (a–l) FMR spectra, (m–o) theoretical FMR spectra analysis, and (p) FORC diagram for TC tuff samples. Stratigraphic levels are indicated for each sample (Figures 11a–11l). Comparison of a measured X-band FMR spectrum for sample “TC04_12_03” (at a height of 0.30m in the TC tuff cooling unit) and simulated FMR spectra for unoriented and isolated SD magnetite crystals with different degrees of elongation along the <111> crystallographic axis (Figure 11m). All FMR spectra are normalized to the minimum value. ΔN represents the effective demagnetization factors, and q is the axial ratio (length/width). Best fits of the measured FMR spectrum for sample TC04_12_03 are shown in Figure 11n with one component for magnetite crystals with elongation along the<111> direction, and in Figure 11o with two components (an isotropic spectrum and an asymmetric spectrum for magnetite crystals with <111> elongation). Large deviations between simulations and experimental data probably indicate that the TC tuff samples do not have ideal crystallographic elongation along the <111> axis. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-games-between-a-planet-and-its-host-star-the-key-395xazb6lh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-dimensional-views-of-the-aligned-top-row-anti-2c837en5.png Figure 2. Three-dimensional views of the aligned (top row), anti-aligned (middle row), and perpendicular (bottom row) configurations. The volume renderings represent the postive (red) and negative (blue) parallel currents (Equation (8)) delimiting the Alfvén wings. The volume is extruded from the star–planet plane to make its internal structure apparent. As a result the upstream–downstream asymmetry of the interaction is not visible; it will appear more clearly in Figure 3. The stellar wind magnetic field lines are logarithmically color-coded with the magnetic field strength, and planetary magnetic field lines are shown in gray. The dashed black circle traces the orbit of the planet. The blue sphere represents the planet boundary, and the orange sphere the stellar boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-alfven-wings-16m6ayuo.png Table 2 Properties of Alfvén Wings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-torques-applied-to-the-planet-integrated-over-2l8jvq64.png Figure 5. Torques applied to the planet integrated over concentric spheres around the planet. The torques are normalized to the stellar wind torque in each case. They are separated into contributions from the ram pressure and Coriolis force, thermal pressure, magnetic pressure, and magnetic tension (see the Appendix for details). The total torque is indicated in black. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-torques-and-effective-obstacle-areas-of-the-magnetic-3eo2u74o.png Table 3 Torques and Effective Obstacle Areas of the Magnetic Interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-stellar-winds-mff2kvwv.png Table 1 Properties of Stellar Winds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-positive-red-and-negative-blue-parallel-2e66pukm.png Figure 3. Top: positive (red) and negative (blue) parallel currents in the star–planet plane perpendicular to the orbital plane. The currents are normalized with the advection timescale across the planet (see text). The black lines represent the magnetic field lines and the white circle represents the planet. Middle: cuts of the v B, w0( ) plane. The gray shades show the azimuthal velocity in the rest frame of the planet, normalized by the keplerian velocity v .K The Alfvén characteristic streamlines away from the planet are shown in blue and red. We do not plot the Alfvén characteristics inside the planetary magnetosphere, where they do not correspond to the travelling path of the perturbations forming the Alfvén wings. The expected inclination angle A thQ of the Alfvén wings is shown by the purple dashed line. Bottom: density (on a logarithmic scale) in the orbital plane close to the planet. The streamlines of the flow in the orbital plane are shown in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-close-in-views-of-the-three-magnetic-configurations-1315bqai.png Figure 1. Close-in views of the three magnetic configurations shown in this work. The configurations are labelled by the orientation of the planetary field (in red) with respect to the local stellar wind magnetic field (in black), i.e., aligned, anti-aligned, and perpendicular, from top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematics-of-magnetic-star-planet-interactions-in-35420plx.png Figure 6. Schematics of magnetic star–planet interactions in the aligned (top) and anti-aligned (bottom) cases. The black lines represent the magnetic field lines; the blue and red lines delimit the upper Alfvén wing. Characteristic surfaces associated with the Poynting flux (red area) and the magnetic torques (blue area) are highlighted in each configuration, showing the critical role of magnetic topology in the development of the interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-induction-monitor-measurements-of-beam-spatial-4jv99xuhtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-dependences-h-x-v-y-d-q-for-the-ela-kut-20-2r8tgmfm.png Figure 5: Observed dependences H(X), V(Y), D(Q) for the ELA KUT-20 monitor. . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temporal-variation-of-beam-center-x-y-mm-and-second-35igewi5.png Figure 6: Temporal variation of beam center (X, Y, mm) and second moment (Q = σx2 - σy2 , mm2) coordinates at the EPOS exit (beam current I=0.71 A, energy E=22 MeV). The measurements were performed for two hours at a one-minute interval https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-videograms-of-monitoring-the-beam-position-on-the-109qo1nv.png Figure 7: Videograms of monitoring the beam position on the CRT screen of the ELA operator https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-ax-ay-and-as-for-monitor-models-r1-30-mm-3378yoyu.png Table 1. Calculated ax, ay and aσ, for monitor models (r1=30 mm, r2=50 mm, 2χ=π/2, intT == 2µs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shapes-of-current-pulse-in-the-string-a-and-induced-16aoegbj.png Figure 3: Shapes of current pulse in the string (a) and induced signals in monitor windings (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-circuit-diagram-and-main-design-data-of-the-beam-3dmgr3l6.png Figure 1: Circuit diagram and main design data of the beam position monitor. ρ is the wave resistance of cable lines, U1 – U4 are the matching load voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-the-channel-to-monitor-ela-beam-3fh1ojun.png Figure 2: Block diagram of the channel to monitor ELA beam position and current. NBC - noise-balancing circuit, IPT - isolating pulse transformer, LFF – low-frequency filter, ASU – analog switching unit, ADC – analog-digital converter, IOC – input-output controller, ASP – accelerator sync pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-properties-of-la0-6sr0-4mno3-thin-films-on-srtio3-m0l6ystll1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-dependence-of-transition-temperature-on-2flh5dc8.png FIG. 5. Color online Dependence of transition temperature on film thickness for both LSMO/STO and LSMO/STO/Si films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tem-image-of-55-nm-thick-lsmo-sto-si-films-displaying-1ww8plix.png FIG. 6. TEM image of 55 nm thick LSMO/STO/Si films displaying both STO/Si and LSMO/STO interfaces a without oxidation between the STO/Si interface and b with oxidation between the STO/Si interface after annealing, and the distorted interface region between LSMO/STO, as indicated by an arrow and ellipse, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-fc-37w5kfjp.png FIG. 8. Color online Temperature dependence of FC magnetization of 55 nm thick LSMO/STO/Si films grown at 810−840 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-afm-images-of-lsmo-sto-si-a-22-nm-and-b-352fylxq.png FIG. 7. Color online AFM images of LSMO/STO/Si a 22 nm and b 55 nm thick films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-afm-images-of-55-nm-thick-lsmo-sto-si-642eilra.png FIG. 9. Color online AFM images of 55 nm thick LSMO/STO/Si films a grown at 825 °C and b consequently annealed at 850 °C in oxygen for 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-fc-and-zfc-2h04onsn.png FIG. 11. Color online a Temperature dependence of FC and ZFC magnetization of 55 nm thick LSMO/STO/Si films at various field values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-fc-and-zfc-2t8rrb37.png FIG. 10. Color online a Temperature dependence of FC and ZFC magnetization of 55 nm thick LSMO/STO/Si films grown at 825 °C and annealed at 840 °C. b Magnetization hysteresis loops of 55 nm thick LSMO/ STO/Si films grown at 825 °C and annealed at 840 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-afm-images-of-a-lsmo-sto-of-55-nm-and-b-1a8lddm7.png FIG. 1. Color online AFM images of a LSMO/STO of 55 nm and b 22 nm thick films. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-stray-fields-of-co-cr-microstrips-measured-by-1o98nxskcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deflection-of-the-e-beam-by-the-lorentz-force-due-to-2h1q88el.png FIG. 3. Deflection of the e-beam by the Lorentz force due to the magnetic stray fields of Co-Cr microstrips. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-resonance-imaging-versus-computed-tomography-for-3fm3chx2um 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-distribution-of-the-participants-correct-answers-ombg2oia.png Figure 5.3. Distribution of the participants’ correct answers to the six multiple-choice questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-mean-number-of-correct-answers-at-the-six-multiple-1lwc6tjh.png Table 5.2. Mean number of correct answers at the six multiple-choice questions for the Abstract and the SoF according to clinicians’ years of clinical practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-characteristics-of-included-studies-continued-24yos9go.png Table 4.1. Characteristics of included studies – continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-journals-in-which-full-text-reports-were-published-1o7n3dxg.png Table 3.2. Journals in which full-text reports were published https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-stard-mean-score-according-to-years-of-publication-f4uob6ww.png Table 2.3. STARD mean score according to years of publication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-methodological-quality-summary-review-authors-9vtv7dwy.png Figure 4.3. Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgment on each individual QUADAS item for the seven included studies on ischaemic stroke https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-methodological-quality-of-the-seven-included-1nin2aym.png Figure 4.2. Methodological quality of the seven included studies on ischaemic stroke https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-forest-plots-of-sensitivity-and-specificity-1xpak3bq.png Figure 4.5. Forest plots of sensitivity and specificity estimates for DWI and CT studies on ischaemic stroke. The squares represent each individual study; the black horizontal lines represent the 95% CIs. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-superlattice-and-finite-energy-dirac-points-in-36ixduqiwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-kx-versus-e-for-d-3-at-ky-0-solid-line-and-ky-14sogbji.png FIG. 4: Plot of kx versus E for d = 3, at ky = 0 (solid line) and ky = 0.6 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-velocities-v1x-and-v1y-in-units-of-vf-as-1joafiii.png FIG. 5: Plot of the velocities v1x and v1y (in units of vF ) as functions of d (in units of ℓB), at the first finite-energy Dirac point E1. In the inset the plot of E1 (in units of ~vF /ℓB) as a function of d (in units of ℓB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-plot-of-tr-e-ky-d-as-function-of-e-at-ky-1l2zgx1r.png FIG. 3: (Color online) Plot of TrΩ(E, ky, d) as function of E at ky = 0 and d = 3 (blue thick line) and d = 5 (magenta thin line), plotted within the physical range [−2, 2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-group-velocity-v0-in-units-of-vf-at-the-neutrality-16ds2w8k.png FIG. 1: The group velocity v0 (in units of vF ) at the neutrality point as a function of d (in units of ℓB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-contour-plot-of-tr-e-ky-d-as-function-of-2kbzuph1.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Contour plot of TrΩ(E, ky , d) as function of E and ky for d = 3, with values in the range [−2, 2], increasing from blue to red. The circles emphasize the finiteenergy Dirac points. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetically-affected-texture-and-microstructure-evolution-2h3m87qlda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grain-numbers-grain-number-fractions-in-brackets-and-2m947y03.png Table 1. Grain numbers, grain number fractions (% in brackets) and mean grain sizes for subsets based on orientation criteria in specimens annealed at 700°C for 180 min at zero field and in a magnetic field of 17 T. Subsets of grains with favourable magnetic term in the free energy density are marked by a star (C*, D* and L*). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-orientation-density-along-the-fibers-a-ph1-0deg-ph2-2y9dionj.png Fig. 2. Orientation density along the fibers a) φ1=0°, φ2=0° as well as φ1=0°, φ2=30°, and b) φ1=180°, φ2=0° as well as φ1=180°, φ2=30° after annealing at 550°C for 45 min at zero field and at 19 T, respectively; c) mean grain size vs. annealing time for specimens annealed at 550°C without field and in a field of 19 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-0002-pole-figures-for-specimens-annealed-at-550degc-3lyml3to.png Fig. 1. (0002) pole figures for specimens annealed at 550°C for 45 min (a) at zero field, (b) in a magnetic field of 19 T, and for specimens annealed at 700°C for (c) 120 min at zero field and (d) 90 min in a magnetic field of 17 T. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetization-tunneling-in-mn12-and-mn4-single-molecule-4jhvplod1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-the-natural-logarithm-of-the-relaxation-rate-1-3nwtxa3o.png FIG. 2. Plot of the natural logarithm of the relaxation rate~1/t! vs the inverse absolute temperature for complex 4. The symbol~j! represents the data collected with the ac magnetic susceptibility technique, and the m netization decay data are indicated by the symbol~s!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plots-of-magnetization-vs-external-magnetic-field-3a8rwty5.png FIG. 1. Plots of magnetization vs external magnetic field @Mn12O12(O2CC6H4-p-Me)16(H2O)4#•3H2O @~j!, complex 3# and @Mn12O12(O2CC6H4-p-Me)16(H2O)4#•(HO2CC6H4-p-Me) @~d!, complex 2# at 1.90 K. Six small crystals~2.2 mg! of complex 2 were oriented in a frozen eicosane matrix so that the external magnetic field is parallel to principal axis of magnetization. Five crystals~1.2 mg total! of complex 3 were oriented. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetization-and-ferromagnetic-resonance-in-a-fe-gd-97o19qclqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnetic-moment-per-unit-area-as-a-function-of-2myqfbmk.png Figure 4. Magnetic moment per unit area as a function of temperature measured at H = 0.3, 2 and 6 kOe (a). Points are the experimental data, lines are theoretical calculations with different ( )λ T dependences (b). The dashed line corresponds to constant λ, the dash-dotted and solid lines correspond to the second- and thirdorder curves ( )λ T respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitting-parameters-of-magnetization-curves-figure-2-u1cfmdzh.png Table 2. Fitting parameters of magnetization curves (figure 2) in the case when λ is considered as constant (fit 1) and in the case when λ differs for different temperatures (fit 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculated-magnetization-profiles-at-t-140-k-for-juxo3yci.png Figure 3. Calculated magnetization profiles at T = 140 K for different magnetic fields: (a) H = 0.1 kOe corresponding to Fe-aligned state (magnetization component along the magnetic field is shown), (b) H = 1 kOe corresponding to surface twist state and (c) H = 10 kOe corresponding to twisted state (the angle between the magnetization vector and the magnetic field is shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-resonance-spectra-at-f-25-9-ghz-and-38p7qyc5.png Figure 5. Examples of resonance spectra at f = 25.9 GHz and different temperatures (30–285 K) shown in the plot. Two resonance modes are shown by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-used-for-fmr-modelling-c75thkfh.png Table 3. Parameters used for FMR modelling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-resonance-field-a-and-linewidth-b-as-a-function-of-3dmrow21.png Figure 6. Resonance field (a) and linewidth (b) as a function of temperature at f = 25.9 GHz. Points are the experimental data, lines are the result of modelling. Dashed lines correspond to the case when only local Gilbert damping is taken into account. For solid lines, the additional non-local diffusion-type dissipative term in LLE is considered. Insets show calculated precession profiles (real part of eigenvectors) for different modes normalized on static magnetization distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-superlattice-extracted-from-xrr-3vov96ac.png Table 1. Parameters of the superlattice extracted from XRR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-xrr-spectrum-of-the-studied-glass-cr-1u9g2zqo.png Figure 1. Experimental XRR spectrum of the studied glass/Cr(50 Å)/[Fe(35 Å)/Gd(50 Å)]12/Cr(30 Å) multilayer structure (points) and its approximation (line) with parameters shown in table 1. The inset demonstrates the experimental XRD spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/magneto-actuated-immunoassay-for-the-detection-of-2qy1s61ypl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimization-of-the-a-antilam-mps-b-antilam-flu-and-c-1bam3gwc.png Fig. 4. Optimization of the (A) antiLAM-MPs, (B) antiLAM-FLU and (C) antiFLU-HRP concentration. The gray bars illustrated the signal for 105 CFU mL 1, while the white bars shows the background for 0 CFU mL 1. Error bars illustrates SD for n¼3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-magneto-actuated-immunoassay-for-mycobacterium-2zooscdm.png Fig. 5. Magneto-actuated immunoassay for mycobacterium detection in hemodialysis water, covering the concentration range from 0 to 105 CFU mL 1 (n¼3). The optical signal of samples containing only Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are shown in panel A (n¼3). The negative control is also shown (n¼10). Other conditions as in Fig. 4. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-confocal-images-of-the-immunomagnetic-separation-of-1-19h5y0rt.png Fig. 3. Confocal images of the immunomagnetic separation of 1.0 105 CFU mL 1 of M (0.075 mg mL 1) (green). (A) Overall view of the reaction illustrating the immunocaptu antiLAM-MPs. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the r https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-magneto-actuated-an0fq9m7.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the magneto-actuated immunoassay procedure in a 2-step sandwich immunoassay approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-immunoreactivity-screening-of-antilam-and-antilam-flu-72p2ib2z.png Fig. 2. Immunoreactivity screening of antiLAM and antiLAM-FLU antibody used for the cobacteria. (A) Illustrates the reaction of the unconjugated antiLAM antibody (1.0 mg mL immunoreactivity of the antiLAM-FLU conjugates (1.0 mg mL 1) prepared using antiFLUsignal for 106 CFU mL 1, while the white bars show the background for 0 CFU mL 1. Er https://scispace.com/papers/maintain-maintenance-a-look-at-some-threats-in-the-sector-383k9xf8ra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-operating-costs-of-spanish-industries-in-2007-282vvt8f.png Table 3. Operating costs of Spanish industries in 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-incidence-index-of-labour-injures-by-activity-in-21dgygix.png Table 6. Incidence index of labour injures by activity in Spain in the year 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-some-functional-and-strategic-tasks-related-to-the-2xuhlr6m.png Table 4. Some functional and strategic tasks related to the maintenance department. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-some-reliability-data-for-industrial-machinery-3je5h7er.png Table 5. Some reliability data for industrial machinery (obtained from OREDA 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-5-countries-with-higher-added-value-in-eu-27-in-2xu2nv6g.png Table 1. The 5 countries with higher added value in EU-27 in 2007 (%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sectorial-contribution-to-added-value-of-several-t55hbsq8.png Table 2. Sectorial contribution to added value (%) of several countries in EU-27 in 2007. https://scispace.com/papers/maintaining-mappings-valid-between-dynamic-kos-1tvw1qf8yy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dykosmap-framework-for-supporting-mapping-ay81lfeb.png Figure 1. The DyKOSMap framework for supporting mapping evolution https://scispace.com/papers/maize-and-teff-starches-modified-with-stearic-acid-as-20yvhq6zgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-formulations-of-full-fat-mayonnaise-and-low-calorie-26m0nl5y.png Table 1: Formulations of full fat mayonnaise and low-calorie mayonnaise type emulsion samples (wt %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yield-stress-values-pa-of-mayonnaise-samples-1kx6gonh.png Table 2: Yield stress values (Pa) of mayonnaise samples measured 30 minutes after preparation (D0) and after 8 days of storage (D8) at room temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hysteresis-loop-areas-pa-s-of-mayonnaise-samples-39lyv6lz.png Table 4: Hysteresis loop areas (Pa/s) of mayonnaise samples, measured 30 minutes after preparation (D0) and after 8 days of storage (D8) at room temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-consistency-coefficient-k-values-pa-sn-of-mayonnaise-3tnp3drc.png Table 3: Consistency coefficient (K) values (Pa.sn) of mayonnaise samples measured 30 minutes after preparation (D0) and after 8 days of storage (D8) at room temperature https://scispace.com/papers/make-my-day-high-fidelity-color-denoising-with-near-infrared-2qy3fgd5uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-denoising-bm3d-and-mmd-results-for-images-1-to-5-mlom8s0j.png Figure 9: Denoising BM3D and MMD results for images 1 to 5 with added Gaussian noise (σ = 96). Some dots of the noisy input images are saturated and appear white here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mmd-steps-searching-similar-patches-in-the-nir-band-2v9ofvmk.png Figure 1: MMD steps: searching similar patches in the NIR band, forming 3D patches in the difference images at corresponding positions, and integrating the patches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-s-value-vs-input-s-value-marks-are-the-22z5p05c.png Figure 4: Estimated σ value vs. input σ value. Marks are the average and error bars are the standard deviation of estimated σ for thousands of different patches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-method-comparison-in-average-psnr-db-of-r-g-and-b-25rwgjsc.png Table 1: Method comparison in average PSNR [dB] of R, G, and B channels over input images with high Gaussian noise (σ = 96). https://scispace.com/papers/making-the-news-interesting-understanding-the-relationship-5di8lenolv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-interest-topical-familiarity-as93qoy2.png Table 2: Correlations between interest, topical familiarity, and article familiarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-interest-topical-familiarity-and-13bosxka.png Figure 1: Comparison of interest, topical familiarity, and article familiarity by experimental condition showing the means and confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selection-of-articles-specified-by-originating-feed-83a12no5.png Table 1: Selection of articles specified by originating feed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-model-m-predicting-interest-by-3n56pqt7.png Table 3: Linear regression model M predicting interest by both topical and article familiarity. https://scispace.com/papers/making-productive-use-of-exemplars-peer-discussion-and-5f8d7qp1yj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-students-perceptions-of-revising-weak-exemplar-u2mayfd5.png Table 4 Students’ perceptions of revising weak exemplar https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-students-perceptions-of-peer-discussion-around-rpr762ee.png Table 1 Students’ perceptions of peer discussion around exemplars https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-students-perceptions-about-teacher-student-1p9lewkh.png Table 2 Students’ perceptions about teacher-student discussion around exemplars https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-students-perceptions-about-student-mini-1brkdaw9.png Table 3 Students’ perceptions about student mini-presentations on exemplars https://scispace.com/papers/male-spacing-and-female-choice-in-a-fiddler-crab-wpz42qao1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-responses-to-each-robotic-unit-the-24vh2t9r.png Table 1. The number of responses to each robotic unit, the mean time it took females to 312 make their choice, and the mean size of the females. Data is presented as mean ± 313 standard deviation. The statistics are the comparison between the clustered and the 314 spaced robots within each experiment. 315 https://scispace.com/papers/maltose-binding-protein-switches-programmed-cell-death-in-4p6obdp3bc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sds-page-and-western-analysis-of-the-expressed-mbp-a-17yl9zhx.png Fig. 1. SDS-PAGE and western analysis of the expressed MBP. a – Crude protein was extracted from the E. coli cells (strain TB1) carrying MBP gene containing plasmid vector and electrophpresed on 10 % polyacrylamide gel; 1 – protein extract after induction with IPTG; 2 – protein extract before induction with IPTG; 3 – purified MBP; b – Western blotting of the purified MBP, showing a thick signal (S) corresponds to the MBP-fused protein https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-induction-of-death-lesion-the-leaves-of-test-plant-n-m8f3118d.png Fig. 2. Induction of death lesion. The leaves of test plant (N. glutinosa) were treated with 50 g ml–1cm–2 of purified MBP and were observed for the morphological in a day: a – a control leaf sample treated with extraction buffer, alone; b – a leaf sample treated with MBP, thoroughly; c – a leaf sample treated with MBP, locally https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-assessment-of-antioxidant-enzyme-activities-a-catalase-5g99p45t.png Fig. 5. Assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities: a – catalase; b – peroxidase; c – PAL (units mg–1 protein). About 700 mg of leaf materials taken from the MBP-treated areas were homogenized in 2 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0 containing 1 ml–1 of -mercaptoethanol and a pinch of polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP). The homogenates were centrifuged at 12000 g for 10 min and supernatants were used for the assay of enzyme activities by using colorimetric methods as described in materials and methods section. C – control sample; W – wilted tissues; D – death tissues. Data are the means of three replicates ± SD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detection-of-dna-fragmentation-leaves-of-n-glutinosa-1r56kgge.png Fig. 4. Detection of DNA fragmentation: leaves of N. glutinosa plant were treated with purified MBP. The welted and the death regions of MBP treated leaves were cut and about 100 mg of these tissues was taken for DNA extraction. Extracted DNA samples were analyzed on 2 % agarose gel by using TAE buffer. The same experiment was repeated for the buffer-treated leaves as control sample: 1 – intact DNA isolated from control leaves; 2 – DNA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concentration-dependent-local-lesion-assay-lesion-test-3q8t7egy.png Fig. 3. Concentration-dependent local lesion assay. Lesion test was performed for different concentrations of purified MBP (between 50–100 g ml–1cm–2). Data are the means of three replicates ± SD https://scispace.com/papers/mammalian-sphingoid-bases-biophysical-physiological-and-2yvr2a3r1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-sph-biological-actions-a-sphingosine-1o2fnpl4.png Figure 3 – Examples of Sph biological actions. (A) Sphingosine-induced calcium release from acidic compartments occurs through the action of two pore channel 1 (TPC1). (B) SO induces the formation of dilated intracellular vesicles and has an important role in endocytic membrane trafficking. (C) SO abnormal accumulation in late endosomes/lysosomes is related with calcium depletion in these organelles in NPC cells and is followed by the secondary accumulation of other lipid species. Adapted from [73]; [74]and [84]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-so-induced-biophysical-changes-in-artificial-4aotjxeb.png Figure 4 – SO-induced biophysical changes in artificial membranes. (A) SO-induced alterations in the biophysical properties of Lysosome Mimicking Vesicles (LMVs – pH 5.0in/7.4out) and POPC/SM/Chol vesicles with no pH gradient. Long lifetime component of trans-Parinaric Acid (tPnA) fluorescence intensity decay in ternary POPC/SM/Chol vesicles without (0) or with 26% of liquid ordered phase fraction (Xlo = 0.26) before (black) and immediately after addition of 5 (white) and 10 (light grey) mol% of SO. The values are the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.001 versus 0% SO; **p < 0.01 versus 0% SO; ***p < 0.05 versus 0% SO. Addition of SO to ternary mixtures causes a decrease in membrane fluidity, which is more pronounced in mixtures containing low Chol content (Xlo = 0). SO-induced changes in membrane fluidity are also dependent on pH. For further details see Figure 8 of [105]. (B) SO induces gel /fluid phase separation in ternary mixtures composed by PC/SO/Chol (70/20/10 mol%). (C) SO is also able to induce lo/ld phase separation in quaternary mixtures composed by PC/SO/SM/Chol (40/20/20/20 mol%). (D) Schematic representation of the effects of external addition of SO to POPC/SM/Chol vesicles, at different physiological pH conditions. SO cause multiple changes in membrane properties that include, decrease in membrane fluidity, increase in membrane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-metabolism-of-dsb-a-the-reaction-between-palmitoyl-3snm2yql.png Figure 5 – Metabolism of DSB. (A) The reaction between palmitoyl-CoA and L-alanine is catalyzed by SPT forming deoxySA that is acylated to deoxy(dh)Cer, which is further metabolized to deo Cer. The desaturatio of deo dh Cer i trodu es a Δ , -cis double bond instead of the https://scispace.com/papers/management-control-systems-and-strategy-change-in-buyouts-16770cuezi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interrelation-levers-of-control-with-strategy-3k62x0hl.png Figure 1:Interrelation levers of control with strategy, opportunity, and attention (Simons 1995, 157 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-total-value-eur-mn-of-buy-outs-in-the-3kciq8d4.png Table 1: Number and Total Value (€ mn) of Buy-outs in the Netherlands (1991-2001) https://scispace.com/papers/management-of-knowledge-information-and-organizational-3crizfmk60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-agora-model-294puc55.png Figure 1: Ágora Model https://scispace.com/papers/managerial-incentives-and-the-international-organization-of-2nu9f2fvim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outsourcing-versus-in-house-production-36ywsh04.png Figure 2: Outsourcing versus In-House Production https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fall-in-trade-costs-lc1ybkhd.png Figure 6: Fall in Trade Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expected-operating-profits-from-outsourcing-3305ptjf.png Figure 1: Expected Operating Profits from Outsourcing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-piecewise-linear-productivity-of-effort-1nz4xy89.png Figure 3: Piecewise Linear Productivity of Effort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expected-profits-for-piecewise-linear-productivity-ccu6x61w.png Figure 5: Expected Profits for Piecewise Linear Productivity of Effort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-outsourcing-vs-in-house-production-a-special-case-3qr2vunz.png Figure 4: Outsourcing vs. In-House Production: A Special Case https://scispace.com/papers/managing-enterprise-authentication-and-authorization-2f9ca2sueu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-capability-token-design-227f41qg.png Fig. 4 The capability token design https://scispace.com/papers/managing-for-change-using-vertebrate-at-sea-habitat-use-to-4ppapbi5xk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-winter-fishing-effort-of-all-fisheries-operating-d7ger9an.png Table 3. The winter fishing effort of all fisheries operating in the CCAMLR Convention Area. Fishing effort is expressed as total fishing days during the winters of 2008-13 inclusive for each of the 19 CCAMLR subareas/divisions. Early winter = March-May, Mid winter = June-August, Late winter = September-December, Use by AFS = subareas/divisions that incorporated core Antarctic fur seal habitat at some period during winter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pearson-correlation-coefficients-r-for-each-pixel-of-a-lhtk2tft.png Fig. 2. Pearson correlation coefficients, r, for each pixel of a 0.6° × 0.6° grid matching the spatial extent of core Antarctic fur seal habitat (black lines) for sea surface temperature (SST, 1982–2013), wind magnitude (WIND, 1979–2013) and sea ice cover (ICE, 1979–2013). Locations of the Marion Island (MI), Bird Island (BI) and Cape Shirreff (CS) colonies are shown by black circles. The source of environmental data is provided in Table A1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-predicted-time-spent-hours-standard-error-se-and-k4tg6eto.png Fig. 3. Mean predicted time spent (hours), standard error (SE) and habitat suitability (foraging habitat type) for five-yearly periods between 1993 to current observations for female Antarctic fur seals from (a) Marion Island, (b) Bird Island and (c) Cape Shirreff during the non-breeding winter. Core foraging habitats (75% distribution areas) are shown in black lines. Black circles represent colony locations. Regular foraging habitat is observed annually (higher than 20 year average mean and low SE); variable foraging habitat is used by animals in some years (higher than 20 year average SE); Unfavourable foraging habitat is rarely used by animals (lower than 20 year average mean and SE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-generalised-additive-models-gams-of-the-2jon33eg.png Table 1. Summary of generalised additive models (GAMs) of the relationship between foraging effort (time spent per grid cell) and environmental variables for: (a) global colony models (from Arthur et al. In press) and (b) period models. TS = time spent, SSTG = sea surface temperature gradient, SSHA = sea surface height anomaly, SSHV = sea surface height variance, WIND = wind speed, CHLa = chlorophyll a concentration, BATHY = bathymetry, d2col = distance to colony, (lon,lat) = spatial autocorrelation term, period = period term. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-observed-habitat-use-time-spent-in-hours-per-cell-of-a-23esx535.png Fig. 4. Observed habitat use (time spent in hours per cell of a 0.6° × 0.6° grid) for 184 female Antarctic fur seals from Marion Island (2008– 2013), Bird Island (2008–2011) and Cape Shirreff (2008–2010) (black circles) across three non-breeding periods: early (March–May), mid (June–August) and late (September–December). The average position of the sea ice edge for each period is shown by black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-of-antarctic-fur-seal-breeding-colonies-2cjsweyk.png Fig. 1. (a) Location of Antarctic fur seal breeding colonies. Study colonies are represented by yellow circles while all other colonies are represented by green circles. The CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) Convention Area is shown in light blue. Numbers represent the names of subareas and divisions comprising the Convention Area. (b–d) Seasonal Antarctic fur seal habitat in relation to the CCAMLR Convention Area and fishing effort for (b) early, (c) mid and (d) late winter. Core foraging areas for the Marion Island, Bird Island and Cape Shirreff colonies combined is represented pink shading. CCAMLR subareas and divisions are shown in light blue, overlaid with the cumulative total number of winter fishing days 2008–13. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-cells-ncells-and-percentage-change-jimp9m92.png Table 2. The number of cells (ncells) and percentage change (% change) in winter foraging habitat type between five-yearly periods from 1993 to current observations (2013 Marion Island, 2011 Bird Island, 2010 Cape Shirreff). Regular habitat = grid cells where the five-yearly mean and SE was higher than the overall mean, and lower than the overall SE, across all grid cells and 20 years, Unfavourable habitat = grid cells where the five-yearly mean and SE was lower than the overall mean, and lower than the overall SE, across all grid cells and 20 years, Variable habitat = grid cells which had a greater SE than the average across all grid cells and 20 years. https://scispace.com/papers/managing-network-reservation-for-tenants-in-oversubscribed-283ly86720 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vc-placed-on-the-data-center-thicker-lines-show-the-3qdm41ei.png Fig. 3: VC placed on the data center. Thicker lines show the demand routes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-aggregate-data-transfer-rate-for-a-period-of-24-hours-2w9tn57y.png Fig. 5: Aggregate data transfer rate for a period of 24 hours https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-virtual-cluster-1ndkltkr.png Fig. 1: A Virtual Cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-representative-dc-trace-standard-deviation-of-nsrs-of-1ghbfq6r.png Fig. 8: Representative DC trace: Standard deviation of NSRs of tenants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-data-transfer-log-bytes-between-server-pairs-for-15-19sbajps.png Fig. 6: Data transfer (log(Bytes)) between server pairs for 15 minutes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-representative-dc-trace-average-of-nsrs-of-tenants-1hv4u1vi.png Fig. 7: Representative DC trace: Average of NSRs of tenants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-representative-dc-trace-average-utilization-of-links-3bb4q98x.png Fig. 9: Representative DC trace: Average utilization of links between ToRs and Aggregate Switches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-with-node-w-is-in-gl-e-lemma-2-30qvlav7.png Fig. 2: An example with node w is in Gl(e) (Lemma 2). https://scispace.com/papers/managing-the-health-risks-of-extreme-weather-events-by-uoq75oqlg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-endogenous-and-exogenous-controls-3tkd6ssa.png Table 1 – Endogenous and exogenous controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adaptive-controls-by-sphere-of-influence-3azkas34.png Table 3 Adaptive controls by sphere of influence https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-adaptive-controls-in-each-coding-1sqrzzcs.png Table 2 Examples of adaptive controls in each coding category https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-the-results-of-categorising-all-158-adaptive-2rjdyo1b.png Table 3 Adaptive controls by sphere of influence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rich-picture-diagram-of-case-study-1-2bnsjbgc.png Figure 1 Rich Picture diagram of case study 1 https://scispace.com/papers/managing-the-topology-of-heterogeneous-cluster-nodes-with-30s66fvf9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-i-o-device-hierarchy-connected-to-a-numa-node-grey-33u7zw5i.png Figure 6. I/O device hierarchy connected to a NUMA node. Grey boxes inside dark green boxes on the right are OS device objects inside PCI devices. Small squares represent bridges, and decimal values are PCI link speeds in GB/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-object-attributes-include-cache-types-l1i-l3-etc-2okj3fr1.png Figure 8. Object attributes include cache types (L1i, L3, etc), memory sizes, object numbers, PCI device and vendor numbers, PCI link speed, Xeon Phi memory and cores, CUDA memory and multiprocessors, as well as CPU vendor and model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-textual-dump-of-some-attributes-gathered-by-hwloc-16dzqp0b.png Figure 7. Textual dump of some attributes gathered by hwloc for OS devices describing a Xeon Phi (mic0) and a InfiniBand HCA (mlx4 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topology-of-a-dual-xeon-e5-host-with-gpus-cuda0-1s9vsu8i.png Figure 1. Topology of a dual-Xeon E5 host with GPUs (cuda0, cuda1), network (eth1), InfiniBand (mlx4 0) and disk (sda) connected to different sockets, simplified and reported by hwloc’s lstopo tool. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-memory-occupancy-of-hwloc-topologies-for-2-clusters-11km27sc.png TABLE II MEMORY OCCUPANCY OF HWLOC TOPOLOGIES FOR 2 CLUSTERS WHEN STORED AS FULL TOPOLOGIES (UNCOMPRESSED), OR AS A FEW REFERENCE FULL TOPOLOGIES AND MANY DIFFERENCES AGAINST ONE OF THESE REFERENCES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hwloc-topology-discovery-time-depending-on-the-12xx0gyy.png TABLE I HWLOC TOPOLOGY DISCOVERY TIME DEPENDING ON THE SOURCE, EITHER NATIVE LINUX DISCOVERY, OR XML IMPORT. ON EACH HOST, WE MEASURE THE TIME FOR A SINGLE DISCOVERY AND FOR ALL CORES DISCOVERING SIMULTANEOUSLY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numbering-of-the-processing-units-pu-on-dual-socket-gl7jj33y.png Figure 3. Numbering of the processing units (PU) on dual-socket dualcore hyperthreaded platforms. Two inter-dependent tasks running on logical processors 0 and 1 are actually not close to each other on these platforms. The binding cannot be portable unless it is specified as positions within the hierarchy of resources instead of as PU numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-existing-sources-of-locality-irc8e0z6.png Figure 2. Overview of existing sources of locality information on Linux. https://scispace.com/papers/managing-through-a-crisis-managerial-implications-for-o8k64giek1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-a-crisis-291jselw.png Table 1: Definitions of a crisis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phases-of-crisis-2wlf5547.png Table 2: Phases of crisis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-managerial-imperatives-for-crisis-management-2xy1i9cn.png Figure 2: Four managerial imperatives for crisis management https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crisis-framing-chart-2obndqo4.png Figure 1: Crisis Framing Chart https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-articles-on-crisis-published-in-industrial-marketing-3fobx0tx.png Table 4: Articles on Crisis Published in Industrial Marketing Management https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-studies-in-crisis-management-3er07f9q.png Table 3: Example studies in crisis management https://scispace.com/papers/mandatory-reporting-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-children-47zcw54fua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-greater-manchester-police-number-of-fgm-reports-1wn5if54.png Table 3: Greater Manchester Police Number of FGM Reports Stratified by Month and Age of Victim https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sections-of-the-freedom-of-information-act-2000-2t59gl30.png Table 6: Sections of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 given for rejecting the FOIA request https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-police-scotland-data-on-fgm-yp55ota0.png Table 2: Police Scotland data on FGM https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3gg1t1hi.png Table 5: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-london-metropolitan-police-services-data-on-fgm-29fb6nd4.png Table 1 London Metropolitan Police Services data on FGM https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-greater-manchester-police-reports-of-fgm-made-by-p7ouagrm.png Table 4: Greater Manchester Police reports of FGM made by various professionals, October 2014-February 2016 https://scispace.com/papers/manhattan-world-urban-reconstruction-from-point-clouds-5e8klbafuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-refinement-of-the-initially-extracted-planar-3kui0cje.png Fig. 3. The refinement of the initially extracted planar segments (top-view). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-merging-of-two-planar-segments-two-planes-p0-and-i3ol4mjl.png Fig. 2. The merging of two planar segments. Two planes π0 and π1 are merged if the angle between them is smaller than a threshold (i.e., θ < θt), and the distance from their mass centers is less than another threshold (i.e., d01 < dt and d10 < dt). Then a new plane π′ is proposed using a least-squares fitting of the union of the points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reconstruction-of-a-single-building-from-airborne-21sr089m.png Fig. 8. Reconstruction of a single building from airborne LiDAR data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-reconstruction-of-a-scene-consisting-of-a-few-complex-3oye3vuc.png Fig. 7. Reconstruction of a scene consisting of a few complex buildings from MVS point cloud. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detection-of-missing-walls-the-arrow-indicates-a-ondoc5oh.png Fig. 4. Detection of missing walls. The arrow indicates a missing wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparisons-with-two-state-of-the-art-methods-a-an-3m7uscs2.png Fig. 12. Comparisons with two state-of-the-art methods. (a) An aerial photograph of the building. (b) MVS point cloud. (c) Reconstruction result using the 2.5D dual contouring method [33]. (d) The result from L1-based polycube method [9]. (e) Ours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-comparison-with-the-structured-indoor-modeling-sfsa28yj.png Fig. 13. A comparison with the structured indoor modeling method (SIM) on their data [10]. The SIM method requires segmenting the scene into individual rooms (color coded). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-candidate-boxes-and-supporting-points-a-a-2d-3vocsph9.png Fig. 5. Candidate boxes and supporting points. (a) A 2D illustration of the three types of candidate boxes: positive (blue), negative (green), and blank (white). (b) A zoom-in of the marked region in (a). (c) A supporting point of a face. https://scispace.com/papers/manifold-ranking-weighted-local-maximal-occurrence-3z35irxhnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-comparison-results-on-ilids-vid-dataset-hq6ste8u.png Fig. 2. The comparison results on iLIDS-VID dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-superpixels-weight-distribution-of-the-manifold-39vnmw1k.png Fig. 1. The superpixels weight distribution of the manifold ranking. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-results-comparison-on-the-three-1h61r6r7.png TABLE I EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS COMPARISON ON THE THREE DATASETS https://scispace.com/papers/manifold-sparse-beamforming-1ebfuce7b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-mean-square-error-gain-of-atomic-beamforming-zq1prblg.png Fig. 1: Relative mean square error gain of atomic beamforming over diagonal loading vs. number of interferers https://scispace.com/papers/manual-stabilization-reveals-a-transient-role-for-balance-9ddoo74t4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-whole-body-angular-momentum-over-the-gait-cycle-for-2vhqdsmm.png Figure 4: Whole-body angular momentum over the gait cycle for A. 0.5 ms-1, B. 1.0 ms-1, C. 1.5 ms-1, D. Early Adaptation, E. Late Adaptation, F. Early Post-Adaptation, and G. Late Post-Adaptation. During Early and Late Adaptation, gait cycles start with foot strike on the fast belt such that the first half of the gait cycle corresponds to stance phase on the fast belt and the second half corresponds to stance phase on the slow belt. During Post-adaptation, the gait cycle begins with the step on the side of the treadmill that was faster during Adaptation. The solid lines represent the median across participants and the shaded area around each curve represent the standard deviation across participants. Red: Hands Off. Blue: Hands On. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-angular-momentum-of-ht-head-and-trunk-legs-left-and-uetq1vgd.png Figure 5: Angular momentum of HT (head and trunk), Legs (left and right thigh, shank, and foot), Arms (left and right upper-arm and fore-arm) over the gait cycle during Baseline (1.0 ms-1), Early Adaptation, Late Adaptation, Early Post-Adaptation, and Late Post-Adaptation. During Early and Late Adaptation, gait cycles start with foot strike on the slow belt such that the first half of the gait cycle corresponds to stance phase on the slow belt and the second half corresponds to stance phase on the fast belt. During Post-adaptation, the gait cycle begins with the step on the side of the treadmill that was slower during Adaptation. The solid lines represent the median across participants and the shaded area around each curve represent the standard deviation across participants. Red: Hands Off. Blue: Hands On. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-protocol-participants-completed-three-2myz1h8w.png Figure 1. Experimental protocol. Participants completed three baseline trials at walking speeds of 1.0, 0.5, and 1.5 ms-1. During adaptation, participants walked with the belts moving at a 3:1 speed ratio (0.5 and 1.5 ms-1) for 15 minutes. Participants then walked for 10 minutes with the belts tied at 1.0 ms-1 during post-adaptation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-limb-cancellation-over-the-gait-cycle-during-s5htx3f3.png Figure 6: Limb cancellation (𝑘) over the gait cycle during Baseline at 1.0 ms-1, Early Adaptation, Late Adaptation, Early Post-Adaptation, and Late Post-Adaptation. During Early and Late Adaptation, gait cycles start with foot strike on the slow belt such that the first half of the gait cycle corresponds to stance phase on the slow belt and the second half corresponds to stance phase on the fast belt. During Post-adaptation, the gait cycle begins with the step on the treadmill belt that was slower during Adaptation. The solid lines represent the median across participants and the shaded area around each curve represent the standard deviation across participants. Red: Hands Off. Blue: Hands On. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-whole-body-angular-momentum-in-the-sagittal-plane-l-2zeygri2.png Figure 2. Whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal plane (L) over a gait cycle. Integrated angular momentum for each step cycle (red and blue, respectively) was calculated by computing the area under the curve during each step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-associations-between-step-length-asymmetry-sla-and-3danybub.png Figure 7. Associations between step length asymmetry (SLA) and measures of whole-body angular momentum during adaptation and post-adaptation. A. Correlations between SLA and integrated WBAM during the fast step during adaptation. B. Correlations between SLA and integrated WBAM over the fast belt during post-adaptation. C. Correlations between SLA and integrated WBAM over a step on slow belt for both groups during adaptation. D. Correlations between SLA and integrated WBAM over a step on the side which was slower during adaptation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stride-by-stride-and-average-values-of-step-length-39u3t361.png Figure 3: Stride-by-stride and average values of step length asymmetry and integrated WBAM. A and B. Step length asymmetry, C and D. integrated WBAM over a step cycle for the limb that was on the fast belt during adaptation, E and F. integrated WBAM over a step cycle for the limb that was on the slow belt during adaptation. For time series data (left column), the solid lines represent the median across participants and the shaded area represents the standard deviation. Red: Hands off group. Blue: Hands on group. *p < 0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/many-core-architecture-oriented-parallel-algorithm-design-3y2l1ro6zy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-data-dependency-graph-for-an-example-dynamic-1nzk90lf.png Fig. 3: The data dependency graph for an example dynamic programming algorithm. The diagonal lines in orange indicate the sweeping frontier for each computation step. All the nodes along these sweeping diagonal lines can be executed in parallel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-example-of-deferred-computing-pattern-elimination-2wwcuu0g.png Fig. 6: An example of deferred computing: Pattern Elimination. In the first pass, most of the none-qualified patterns are eliminated by a less constrained and simple process. In the second pass, much less patterns needs to be processed by a complex elimination step. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-high-level-overview-of-a-many-core-parallel-24x6snyh.png Fig. 1: A high-level overview of a many-core parallel architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-distributed-task-scheduling-framework-for-balancing-m2ahqqh1.png Fig. 4: A distributed task scheduling framework for balancing the workload between visualization and simulation on a multi-GPU architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-revised-distributed-task-scheduling-framework-for-2j6mxykn.png Fig. 5: A revised distributed task scheduling framework for many-core architectures, where the tasks in the task-pool are sorted first. The tasks with similar workload are submitted to core cluster unit for parallel execution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-processing-results-of-the-gpu-accelerated-motion-qmm5e81j.png Fig. 2: The processing results of the GPU-accelerated motion tracking algorithm, VCM. Left: Girl dancing with camera zooming in. Right: Hand moving up. https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-experience-in-reportage-drawing-3kv9t4mdx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-jill-gibbon-1w3hrmuy.png Fig. 1. Jill Gibbon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gary-embury-oxford-circus-zpq5ch9f.png Fig. 6, Gary Embury, Oxford Circus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gary-embury-bike-project-94seciep.png Fig. 5., Gary Embury, Bike Project https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-authors-drawing-poland-baxdhxoe.png Fig. 7, the authors drawing, Poland https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gary-embury-josh-in-a-e-fciut5yj.png Fig. 4., Gary Embury, Josh in A&E https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-authors-drawing-homeless-in-kensington-3ickiorw.png Fig. 8, The authors drawing, Homeless in Kensington https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-multiplicative-to-additive-noise-4prynq2uos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-potential-equation-50-for-three-different-3islybvs.png Figure 2. The potential, equation (50), for three different values of λ. Mirror charges are subject to the dotted potential on the left. The arrow from above marks the position of the expected average position φ conditioned on survival. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-smallest-eigenvalue-m1-dotted-i-e-the-smallest-2argdris.png Figure 4. The smallest eigenvalue μ1 (dotted),i.e. the smallest root μ of Dμ(ã √ λ/ ) = 0, shown here for = 1 as a function of λ. The asymptotic death rate of the process, μ1λ (full line), does not signal a phase transition at any finite value of λ. The position of the absorbing wall, ã = 1/λ− 1, is shown as a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-potential-u-ph-u-ph-1-2-lph2-as-in-equation-50-28agkowz.png Figure 3. The potential Ũ (φ̃) = U (φ) = (1/2)λφ̃2 (as in equation (50)) of the Ornstein– Uhlenbeck process equation (51) after the shift by ã = −1 + 1/λ, equation (52). The absorbing wall is indicated by the dashed line and the hatched region, which is not accessible for the walker. The grey, shaded areas are the asymptotic conditional probability densities equation (64). The arrow from above marks the position of the expected average position φ̃ conditioned on survival, see figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-bp-evolving-over-three-generations-the-1ni2im37.png Figure 1. Example of a BP evolving over three generations. The last generation has not yet been updated. The last individual which produced any offspring is the one labelled t = 6. (a) BP as a tree. (b) Mapping of generational time g and individual time t via the generation size ψ(g) = φ(t(g)). https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-of-groundwater-potential-zones-across-ghana-using-3onik70tt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geology-map-of-ghana-taken-from-geological-survey-3r0aka07.png Fig. 4 Geology map of Ghana (taken from Geological Survey Department of Ghana, Ghana: http:// www.ghana-mining.org) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-slope-map-of-ghana-extracted-from-srtmdem-http-srtm-jscgxqjv.png Fig. 5 Slope map of Ghana (extracted from SRTMDEM: http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-soil-map-of-ghana-taken-from-geological-survey-2zsflc7y.png Fig. 9 Soil map of Ghana (taken from Geological Survey Department of Ghana, Ghana: http://www.ghanamining.org) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-land-use-land-cover-classes-in-the-ghana-during-year-3muith3r.png Fig. 8 Land use/land cover classes in the Ghana, during year of 2000–2001 (extracted from Landsat ETM+ and MODIS 500-m time series data) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-of-ghana-indicating-the-ten-1y4tqwue.png Fig. 1 Location map of Ghana indicating the ten administrative regions and observation borehole locations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-drainage-density-map-of-ghana-extracted-from-srtm-3ic65vgg.png Fig. 6 Drainage density map of Ghana (extracted from SRTM drainage network and Geological Survey Department of Ghana approximate sub-basins) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-define-scores-weightages-for-individual-features-of-rq1b4vmm.png Table 2 Define scores, weightages for individual features of the seven themes for groundwater potential zones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geomorphology-map-of-ghana-extracted-from-landsat-etm-110rfj6j.png Fig. 3 Geomorphology map of Ghana (extracted from Landsat ETM+ and SRTM DEM) https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-of-shifting-tidal-estuaries-to-support-inshore-307q97j4tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ndwi-image-of-the-solway-firth-at-low-tide-1loee7ha.png Figure 2: NDWI image of the Solway Firth at low tide processed from Sentinel-2 data. Blue shows location of water channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-change-detection-and-categorisation-on-a-2pxb427o.png Figure 4: Results of change detection and categorisation on a SAR images from February, April and June 2020 (top to bottom), with b detailing the emergence of sand or a river channel between February and April, and c detailing the changes between April and June. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-location-of-the-solway-firth-great-britain-1-2bpfd01y.png Figure 1: (Left) Location of the Solway Firth, Great Britain.1 (Right) Navigational chart showing uncharted Solway Firth region.2 ∗ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-images-using-the-vh-above-and-vv-123qufkr.png Figure 3: Comparison of images using the VH (above) and VV (below) bands. Images taken of the Solway Firth by Sentinel-1 on June 6th 2020. https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-smooth-profile-h-plane-rectangular-waveguide-e5bf6i7nxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-waveguide-response-5-against-siw-response-of-16q1rtcu.png Fig. 4 Waveguide response [5] against SIW response of exponential taper E-field magnitude inside mapped SIW exponential taper Dimensions: d = 0.5 mm, sarc = 0.96 mm, w1 = 3.455 mm, w2 = 5.956 mm, ξ = 1.2, total length = 6.7 mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-layout-of-waveguide-profile-to-be-mapped-to-siw-1n9632zz.png Fig. 5 Layout of waveguide profile to be mapped to SIW technology as a practical example (a = 18.5 mm, Λ= 14.92 mm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-with-losses-against-measurements-for-1oiz2k7z.png Fig. 8 Simulation with losses against measurements for fabricated stopband filter with smooth profile in SIW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-waveguide-response-against-siw-response-of-stopband-2dof9cd2.png Fig. 6 Waveguide response against SIW response of stopband filter with smooth profile https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-manufactured-stopband-siw-filter-with-smooth-profile-pul9uyil.png Fig. 7 Manufactured stopband SIW filter with smooth profile mapped from rectangular waveguide design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-siw-geometry-1k5q5yh6.png Fig. 1 SIW geometry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-procedure-for-mapping-smooth-profile-structures-from-10arb2hw.png Fig. 3 Procedure for mapping smooth profile structures from rectangular waveguide to SIW technology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-placing-some-vias-at-critical-points-of-example-bmrvvzs8.png Fig. 2 Placing some vias at critical points of example profile (left), and via holes between two adjacent critical points (right) https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-the-links-between-gender-status-and-genre-in-2cean9rcbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dispersion-overview-of-the-normalised-frequency-of-3kbmmwgf.png Figure 1. Dispersion overview of the normalised frequency of question marks in female https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-subcorpora-of-esc-first-folio-plus-created-for-27zoayt0.png Table 2. Basic subcorpora of ESC: First Folio Plus created for keyword analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-independent-and-dependent-variables-genre-status-1i3487mr.png Table 6. Independent and dependent variables (genre, status, gender) compared https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-keywords-for-females-2p96smvw.png Table 3. Keywords for females https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-common-collocates-of-gendered-words-used-by-females-14gq35u0.png Table 8. Common collocates of gendered words used by females and males https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-language-forms-of-high-status-characters-in-2dd0glqv.png Figure 4. Language forms of high-status characters in tragedies compared according to https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-character-categories-used-in-the-esl-project-1vog3kqu.png Table 1. Character categories used in the ESL project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-language-forms-of-females-in-histories-compared-on-3w253g6t.png Figure 3. Language forms of females in histories compared on the basis of high or low status https://scispace.com/papers/marcas-da-acao-antropica-na-historia-ambiental-do-rio-1pjhumdtpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-castanhao-weir-nova-jaguaribara-ceara-3vl76dvu.png Figure 3 - Castanhão Weir. (Nova Jaguaribara, Ceará, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-degraded-riparian-zone-of-jaguaribe-river-apodi-814kgbty.png Figure 4 - Degraded riparian zone of Jaguaribe River. (Apodi/ Limoeiro, Ceará, Brazil). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trampling-2-gully-cliff-3-and-4-irregular-cliff-1p60g31w.png Figure 5 - Trampling, 2 - Gully cliff, 3 and 4 – Irregular Cliff Occupation. (EPA of Canoa Quebrada, Ceará, Brazil). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chronological-table-of-the-economic-cycle-and-oe0maqza.png Table 1 - Chronological table of the economic cycle and possible environmental impacts. https://scispace.com/papers/marchiafava-bignami-disease-two-cases-with-magnetic-9maju5hjvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cect-scan-at-level-of-lateral-ventricle-shows-210tcsyk.png Figure 2: (a) CECT scan at level of lateral ventricle shows hypodensity of corpus callosum. The classical sandwich sign is seen; (b-c) Magnetic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-computer-tomography-brain-contrast-reveals-sp340wu7.png Figure 1: (a) Computer tomography brain contrast reveals diffuse hypodensity involving corpus callosum and periventricular white matter; https://scispace.com/papers/marine-biomass-system-anaerobic-digestion-and-production-of-2z65t78rka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-34nqacep.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-7cttxl72.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-farm-detail-profile-2t92axmc.png Fig. 2. Test Farm Detail Profile https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-productivity-as-a-function-of-depth-and-1uybjbze.png Fig. 6. Variation of Productivity as a Function of Depth and Wavelength of an Incident Monochromatic Light Source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-farm-general-arr-ngement-33ozsrha.png Fig. 3. Test Farm General Arr~ngement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-relationship-to-kelp-farm-site-to-basic-zones-of-1etuou26.png Fig. 11. Relationship to Kelp Farm Site to Basic Zones of Ocean Jurisdiction https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nomenclature-for-algal-growth-calculations-2dsj8oif.png Table 4 Nomenclature for Algal Growth Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-detailed-mass-balance-diagram-for-the-waste-processing-1di011f9.png Fig. 9. Detailed Mass Balance Diagram for the Waste Processing Subsystem. https://scispace.com/papers/marginal-tax-rates-and-income-inequality-in-a-life-cycle-3gd503g8c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-inequality-by-income-source-3po23rjp.png Table 3: Inequality by Income Source https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tax-and-distributional-characteristics-of-benchmark-2c3wl5ii.png Table 1: Tax and Distributional Characteristics of Benchmark Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-alternative-experimentsa-10wwf6t4.png Table 4: Alternative Experimentsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-steady-state-comparisons-of-alternative-marginal-tax-2xnmhhea.png Table 2: Steady State Comparisons of Alternative Marginal Tax Rate Structures https://scispace.com/papers/market-demands-on-construction-management-view-from-graduate-xhezy9e7zj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-equations-601-602-2b4j0nlo.png Table 2. Structural Equations 601 602 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-codes-and-statistical-description-of-the-subjects-3o1kb72q.png Table 1. Codes and Statistical Description of the Subjects (Cells) of the MAC2 Model 598 599 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rotated-component-matrix-of-the-most-important-39dyp3gf.png Table 6. Rotated Component Matrix of the Most Important Topics (1st iteration) 613 614 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-principal-component-analysis-of-the-most-important-cy331fts.png Table 5. Principal Component Analysis of the Most Important Topics (1st iteration) 610 611 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-communalities-of-the-most-important-topics-2nd-1krawkjo.png Table 7. Communalities of the Most Important Topics (2nd iteration) 616 617 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-principal-component-analysis-of-the-most-important-1d3dfsk3.png Table 8. Principal Component Analysis of the Most Important Topics (2nd iteration) 619 620 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-communalities-of-the-most-important-topics-1st-xcx4h9zf.png Table 4. Communalities of the Most Important Topics (1st iteration) 607 608 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-rotated-component-matrix-of-the-most-important-1xrjhwa1.png Table 9. Rotated Component Matrix of the Most Important Topics (2nd iteration) 622 623 https://scispace.com/papers/market-efficiency-and-inefficiency-in-rational-expectations-ppv9sl7dgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-3vwkfb42.png Table 1.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-3qgmn229.png Table 1.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-2xi52p3h.png Table 1.3 https://scispace.com/papers/market-instability-and-economic-complexity-theoretical-4tqsad9zjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-great-depression-1929-1942-1z8yv7e6.png Table 2. The Great Depression (1929-1942) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-transition-depression-in-eefsu-34o1pib7.png Table 3. The Transition Depression in EEFSU https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-price-history-in-chinas-shanghai-local-market-a-2sty92w9.png Figure 2a. Price History in China’s Shanghai Local Market: (a) Fresh pork meat price in retailed market (1983-1995). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chinas-trade-surplus-and-foreign-reserves-data-38lyalxa.png Figure 1. China’s Trade Surplus and Foreign Reserves. Data Sources: China Statistics 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-gdp-growth-rate-in-decades-2zbpkoyf.png Table 1. Average GDP Growth Rate in Decades (%) https://scispace.com/papers/market-sensitivity-to-interest-rate-assumptions-in-corporate-2gsi2nzfdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cont-3lv394ma.png Table 4 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-daily-mean-market-adjusted-prediction-errors-e-and-6oha9v3a.png Table 4 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-38lx8ar5.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calendar-dates-for-three-subperiods-3qc3bdnn.png Table 3 Calendar Dates for Three Subperiods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-sample-firms-o1onctqt.png Table 2 Characteristics of Sample Firms https://scispace.com/papers/market-segments-based-on-the-dominant-movement-patterns-of-h5yl4vga3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-phillip-island-phillip-island-nature-park-2ufiniw8.png Figure 1 Map of Phillip Island (Phillip Island Nature Park 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-minimisation-of-the-aic-identified-six-groups-of-1wmb2ifw.png Figure 2. Minimisation of the AIC identified six groups of tourists. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-linear-model-parameter-estimates-for-two-three-irxgslns.png Table 1 Log-linear model parameter estimates for two, three and four-attraction movement patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequencies-of-five-six-and-seven-attraction-spatial-fuzlck6y.png Table 2 Frequencies of five, six and seven-attraction spatial movement patterns (Code of attractions see Figure 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tourism-market-segments-for-the-significant-movement-2gdla19x.png Table 3 Tourism market segments for the significant movement patterns https://scispace.com/papers/marketing-in-non-profit-organizations-an-international-4ge9v54p9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-areas-of-operation-7olcyhf4.png Table 1: Areas of operation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marketing-areas-and-most-important-task-in-2xzdfzmu.png Figure 1: Marketing areas and most important task in marketing as assessed by non-profit organizations https://scispace.com/papers/market-share-growth-and-stock-returns-92eydgit1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-market-share-growth-regressions-19lrg0st.png Table 7 Market share growth regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-market-share-growth-and-subsequent-stock-returns-3ji66ler.png Table 1 Market share growth and subsequent stock returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-share-growth-and-stock-returns-subperiods-h5y1tr93.png Table 2 Market share growth and stock returns - subperiods https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-announcement-day-stock-returns-and-average-3iu3yuhe.png Table 10 Average announcement day stock returns and average stock returns excluding announcement days https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-market-share-growth-and-past-cumulative-returns-30zgmlao.png Table 5 Market share growth and past cumulative returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-market-share-growth-and-sales-growth-independent-bgegwzlr.png Table 12 Market share growth and sales growth - independent sort https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-market-share-growth-and-average-sues-in-subsequent-15bmnl42.png Table 9 Market share growth and average SUEs in subsequent quarters https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-market-share-growth-and-sales-growth-dependent-sort-1ak67hx6.png Table 11 Market share growth and sales growth - dependent sort https://scispace.com/papers/marketing-space-a-conceptual-framework-for-marketing-events-21c2nrrkob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marketing-space-framework-22e7zfkp.png Figure 1: Marketing Space Framework https://scispace.com/papers/markov-based-approaches-for-ternary-change-detection-between-35y3b7lb9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-reference-track-with-annotated-areas-red-rectangles-96mvjc4y.png Fig. 5: (a) Reference track with annotated areas (red rectangles) (after median filtering and subsampling, for display purpose only). (b) Repeated track after registration (after median filtering and subsampling, for display purpose only). Area 2 before (c) and after (d) registration. Area 1 before (e) and after (f) registration. Area 3 before (g) and after (h) registration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-histograms-of-raw-sonar-patches-b-histograms-of-the-2li9oa9y.png Fig. 1: (a) Histograms of raw sonar patches. (b) Histograms of the same patches but projected into the Earth frame at a slightly coarser resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reference-a-and-repeated-b-snippets-from-the-chandect-3mffsy4i.png Fig. 6: Reference (a) and repeated (b) snippets from the ChanDect area after registration (after median filtering for display purpose only) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-maximum-likelihood-change-mask-b-mrf-change-mask-c-1a4c61p4.png Fig. 7: (a) Maximum likelihood change mask. (b) MRF change mask. (c) Change mask by means of a single HMC. (d) Change mask by combining four HMCs. white: no change, red: objects disappearance, blue: objects appearance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-theoretical-probability-density-function-versus-1ixa6ft7.png Fig. 2: Theoretical probability density function versus experimental histograms. (a) Reverberation area on both tracks. (b) Shadow area on both tracks. (c) Shadow area on reference track and reverberation area on repeated one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-superimposed-snippets-from-the-second-sonar-tracks-2icvz8l3.png Fig. 8: Superimposed snippets from the second sonar tracks pair before (a) and after (b) registration. MRF-based change detection mask (c). Multiple HMC-based change detection mask (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-hilbert-peano-scan-for-squared-images-of-size-2-4-uhjsyrrf.png Fig. 4: The Hilbert-Peano scan for squared images of size 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 pixels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-and-second-order-cliques-considered-in-our-mrf-24nyecer.png Fig. 3: First and second-order cliques considered in our MRF model. We distinguish between horizontal, vertical, first kind diagonal and second kind diagonal interaction. The MRF model is thus fully described by four parameters β1, β2, β3 and β4. https://scispace.com/papers/markov-perfect-nash-equilibria-in-models-with-a-single-3u2owcg20e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solutions-of-the-auxiliary-system-solid-and-level-2nfl72ml.png Figure 4: Solutions of the auxiliary system (solid) and level curves of the value function (dotted) in the symmetric two player case of the fishery model with production functionh(x) = x(1− x). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solutions-of-the-auxiliary-system-drawn-and-level-2kz7l4h7.png Figure 1: Solutions of the auxiliary system (drawn) and level curves of the value function (dotted) in the symmetric two player case of the voluntary provision of public goods game. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solutions-of-the-auxiliary-system-solid-and-level-2jqfogtv.png Figure 2:Solutions of the auxiliary system (solid) and level curves of the value function (dotted) in the symmetric two player case of the shallow lake game. The highlighted curve is an example of a non-differentiable feedback strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solutions-of-the-auxiliary-system-solid-and-level-2rgx37rz.png Figure 3: Solutions of the auxiliary system (solid) and level curves of the value function (dotted) in the symmetric two player duopoly with production functionh(x) = δ min{x, 1− x}. Parameters area = b =, δ = 2, ρ = 1/2. The highlighted curve is the piecewise linear solution described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/markov-perfect-risk-sharing-moral-hazard-and-limited-1af4dai5nd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-income-and-consumption-smoothing-2icdsaup.png Figure 3: Income and Consumption Smoothing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-welfare-gains-from-resolving-the-information-or-2ci4c3ut.png Figure 8: Welfare Gains from Resolving the Information or Commitment Frictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-paths-3ksrjzr2.png Figure 4: Time Paths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lorenz-curves-26e7b2b3.png Figure 5: Lorenz Curves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-asset-histogram-18vczhhy.png Figure 6: Asset Histogram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effort-and-expected-non-asset-income-33beitop.png Figure 2: Effort and Expected Non-Asset Income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-policy-functions-2d37ul0p.png Figure 1: Policy Functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-consumption-histogram-3pd49k7v.png Figure 7: Consumption Histogram https://scispace.com/papers/markov-state-models-from-short-non-equilibrium-simulations-6j18kiegy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-analysis-of-computational-effort-required-by-the-oom-2vwbp7qf.png TABLE I. Analysis of computational effort required by the OOM-based estimation algorithm, if all operations are performed in dense matrix algebra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-and-b-one-dimensional-potential-function-with-two-qwov7ueq.png FIG. 3. ((a) and (b)) One-dimensional potential function with two different discretizations into two states and five states, respectively. (c) Expected estimate of the equilibrium probability of state 1 as a function of the lag time, for simulation lengths K = 1000, 2000, 5000, 10 000, 50 000, and using the discretization from panel (a). The simulations are initiated in local equilibrium in both states 1 and 2 but predominantly in state 1 (a1 = 0.9, a2 = 0.1). (d) The same for the five-state discretization from panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-loss-of-local-equilibrium-property-illustrated-by-2whvee6h.png FIG. 2. Loss of local equilibrium property illustrated by comparing the dynamics of the diffusion in a double-well potential (a) and (e) at time steps 0 (b), 250 (c), 500 (d) with the predictions of a Markov model parameterized at lag time τ = 250 at the same times 0 (f), 250 (g), 500 (h). Please refer to the supplementary material of Ref.1 for details of the system. (b)–(d) show the true distribution of the system (solid black line) and the probabilities associated with the two discrete states left and right of the dashed line. The numbers in (f)–(h) are the discrete state probabilities pi(kτ), i= 1, 2, k = 0, 1, 2, predicted by the Markov model. The solid black lines show the hypothetical density pi(kτ)πSi that is inherently assumed when estimating a Markov model by counting transitions over multiple steps. This figure has been re-used with permission from Prinz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 134, 174105 (2011) [Fig. 4]. Copyright 2011 American Institute of Physics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analysis-of-statistical-uncertainties-for-singular-2hg6yciv.png FIG. 4. Analysis of statistical uncertainties for singular values of the count matrix. We use the onedimensional model system and seven-state discretization as in Sec. IV A, the sample consists of Q = 5000 trajectories of length K = 2000. (a) For each of the seven singular values (distinguished in descending order by the colors black, blue, cyan, green, magenta, red, and yellow), we show the ratio of the true singular value σr (Cτρ), r = 1, . . . , 7 of the expected count matrix C τ ρ to the corresponding singular value σr (S τ ) of the empirical count matrix S τ , as a function of the lag time. As the small singular values decay quickly with the lag time, they are dominated by the noise even for small lag times. Including these noisy singular values would ruin the results. (b) Ratio between mean value and uncertainty (signal-tonoise ratio) from the bootstrapping for the seven singular values as a function of the lag time. The thin black dashed line indicates the cutoff we have used in applications. Only singular values above this line are included in the estimation, the number of points above this line corresponds to the OOM model rank, see Fig. 5(h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-two-dimensional-potential-function-with-r9twgh2d.png FIG. 7. (a) Two-dimensional potential function with discretization into 16 MSM states indicated by dashed lines. (b) Leading nine implied time scales tm of the system. ((c) and (d)) Estimates of equilibrium probability of states 13, 14, and 15 from direct MSM (green) and the corrected MSM (red), compared to the reference (black line) and estimates from 400 (c) / 900 (d) different equilibrium simulations, shown by the cyan lines. ((e) and (f)) Estimates of slowest relaxation time scale t2 from a direct MSM (green), the corrected MSM (red), and the OOMbased spectral estimation (blue), compared to the reference (black dashed line). ((g) and (h)) The same for t3. For all quantities derived from the OOM, the dashed lines indicate the estimated values using the complete data set, whereas the bullets and errorbars correspond to mean and standard error from the bootstrapping procedure. Note that the errorbars are hardly visible in panels (f) and (h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-one-dimensional-potential-function-and-mbrdvb7x.png FIG. 1. (a) One-dimensional potential function and discretization into two states. (b) The same potential with a five-state discretization. ((c) and (d)) Estimates for the equilibrium probability of state 1 from the direct MSM (green) and the unbiased MSM (red), reference in black. ((e) and (f)) Estimates for the slowest relaxation time scale t2 from a direct MSM (green), c.f. Eq. (19), the unbiased MSM (red), c.f. Eqs. (38) and (39), and the spectral OOM estimation (blue), Eqs. (62) and (63). The black dashed line corresponds to the reference value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-for-alanine-dipeptide-a-equilibrium-1rnwxbcl.png FIG. 6. Results for alanine dipeptide. (a) Equilibrium distribution (logarithmic scale) in the space of backbone dihedral angles φ, ψ and cluster centers of a forty-state kmeans discretization used to analyze the data. (b) Empirical distribution (logarithmic scale) sampled by the data initiated from eight starting structures indicated by the numbers 1-8. (c) Equilibrium probability of all states in the right part of the plane estimated from the direct MSM (green) and the corrected MSM (red). Reference in black. (d) Estimates for the slowest relaxation time scale t2 from a direct MSM (green), the corrected MSM (red), and the OOM-based estimation (blue). Reference values from equilibrium simulations are displayed in black. We also show the expected time scale estimate using the same forty-state discretization if equilibrium data were used (cyan line). (e) Model rank used for the OOM estimation as determined by the bootstrapping. (f) The same as (d) for the second slowest time scales t3. For all quantities derived from the OOM, the dashed lines indicate the estimated values using the complete data set, whereas the bullets and errorbars correspond to mean and standard error from the bootstrapping procedure. Note that the errorbars are hardly visible in panels (c) and (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-one-dimensional-potential-function-and-1ryex0ns.png FIG. 5. (a) One-dimensional potential function and discretization of the landscape into seven states. (b) Decadic logarithm of the first nine implied time scales of the model system. ((c) and (d)) Estimates of the stationary probability of states 1-3 from the direct MSM (green) and the corrected MSM (red), compared to the reference (black dashed line). ((e) and (f)) Estimates of the slowest relaxation time scale t2 from a direct MSM (green), the corrected MSM (red), and the OOM-based spectral estimation (blue), compared to the reference (black dashed line). ((g) and (h)) Model rank selected by the bootstrapping procedure. For all quantities derived from the OOM, the dashed lines indicate the estimated values using the complete data set, whereas the bullets and errorbars correspond to mean and standard error from the bootstrapping procedure. Note that the errorbars are hardly visible in panels (d) and (f). https://scispace.com/papers/masculinity-and-the-mechanisms-of-human-self-domestication-59ccyhm4yq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selective-feedbacks-affecting-human-sociability-1whnypca.png Table 2: Selective feedbacks affecting human sociability, masculinity, and self-domestication. 8 Types of feedback Relevant influences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-embryonic-neural-crest-cell-migration-pathways-and-2jnng85p.png Figure 1. Embryonic neural crest cell migration pathways and destinations. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/mass-determination-and-sensitivity-based-on-resonance-541m8jotax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thermal-noise-power-spectral-densities-of-the-first-346bhv1u.png FIG. 1. Thermal noise power spectral densities of the first four flexural modes obtained with the rectangular cantilever. While the Q-factor increases with the mode number, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thermal-noise-power-spectral-densities-of-the-first-2qra008s.png FIG. 2. Thermal noise power spectral densities of the first four flexural modes obtained with the V-shaped cantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-experimentally-determined-o2n-o-2-n-2neodrth.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Experimentally determined (ω2n)/ω 2 n values for (a) a rectangular cantilever and (b) a V-shaped cantilever and the first four flexural modes at different relative humidity values. The cantilevers can adsorb water over their full length. Error bars are based on the experimentally determined fluctuations in the resonant frequency values (standard deviation) at constant humidity. Only one error bar for each mode is shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-o2n-o-2-n-values-for-the-first-four-2xexl2a2.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (ω2n)/ω 2 n values for the first four flexural modes of (a) rectangular and (b) V-shaped cantilevers and several mass distributions ϕ(x). (ω2n)/ω 2 n in each figure is normalized to the encircled (ω 2 1)/ω 2 1 value. Mass distributions on rectangular cantilevers are for L1 = 0, L2 = L ( ), L1 = 0, L2 = L/2 ( ), L1 = L/2, L2 = L (●), and L1 = L/4, L2 = 3L/4 (+). Mass distributions on the V-shaped cantilevers (2θ = 51.2◦) are for adsorption over the full length ( ) and for adsorption on the triangular part only (see Fig. 3): V-A ( ) L = 115, d = 25; V-B (●) L = 196, d = 41; V-C (+) L = 115, d = 17; V-D (*) L = 196, d = 23 (all dimensions are in micrometers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-top-view-of-a-rectangular-and-b-v-shaped-2dblmmoh.png FIG. 3. Schematic top view of (a) rectangular and (b) V-shaped cantilevers. The shaded areas indicate external mass adsorption in these areas only, i.e., ϕ(x) = 1 for all x-coordinates corresponding to the shaded area and ϕ(x) = 0 elsewhere. https://scispace.com/papers/mass-and-horizon-dirac-observables-in-effective-models-of-3c48hztxeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-colour-scale-encodes-the-value-of-the-logarithm-2l20pd0l.png Figure 5. The colour scale encodes the value of the logarithm of the Kretschmann scalar at the transition surface as a function of the black hole MBH and white hole mass MWH for δ = 1 and γ = 0.2375 (cfr [46, 47]). The black dashed line corresponds to MWH ∝ 1/MBH. Both axis are logarithmically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sin-l-j-j-3-l3j-compared-to-sin-lkk-lk-for-m-8-a-3cmqc22m.png Figure 8. sin (λ j j)3/λ3j compared to sin(λkk)/λk for m = 8 (a) and m = 1/8 (b). The parameters are λ j = λk = L o = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sin-l-j-j-3-l3j-compared-to-sin-lkk-lk-for-m-1-the-3t56axt1.png Figure 9. sin (λ j j)3/λ3j compared to sin(λkk)/λk for m = 1. The curve of j encloses completely k, i.e. the dominant contribution for quantum effects comes from j. Coming from both sides the onset of quantum effects is at theKretschmann curvature scale 3/4λ2k . Parameters are λ j = λk = L o = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-colour-scale-encodes-the-value-of-the-logarithm-2xekcc7r.png Figure 2. The colour scale encodes the value of the logarithm of the Kretschmann scalar at the transition surface as a function of the black hole MBH and white hole mass MWH forL oλ1 = λ2/L o = 1. Both axis are logarithmically. Finite non-zero curvatures for large masses can only be achieved by following a level line asymptotically given by equation (3.22) for β = 53 and β = 3 5 . Different values of m̄ correspond to different choices of the level line. The yellow line corresponds to β = 53 and the red dashed line to β = 35 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-graphical-solutions-of-equation-5-10-the-black-2mtqxpe9.png Figure 10. Graphical solutions of equation (5.10). The black line corresponds to the left-hand side of equation (5.10), the coloured lines to the right-hand side for different values of B = M2WH/M 2 BH. It is obvious, that there exists for y > 0 always exactly one solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-penrose-diagram-for-the-kruskal-extension-of-the-3isgmydb.png Figure 1. Penrose diagram for the Kruskal extension of the full quantum corrected polymer Schwarzschild spacetime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-colour-scale-encodes-the-value-of-the-logarithm-1qismnhw.png Figure 3. The colour scale encodes the value of the logarithm of the Kretschmann scalar at the transition surface as a function of the black hole RBH and white hole horizon RWH for Lo = 1, δb = 1, δc = 1 and γ = 0.2375 (cfr [46, 47]). Both axis are logarithmically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-logarithm-of-the-maximal-value-of-the-kretschmann-2d2tm0xy.png Figure 6. Logarithm of the maximal value of the Kretschmann scalar (a) and the deviation of the Kretschmann scalar from its mean value (mean over all masses in the black dashed box) (b) as a function of MBH and MWH in logarithmic axis. The maximal value of the Kretschmann scalar remains largely independent of the masses. The two colour lines represent the boundaries of equations (4.62) and (4.63). For the plot the maximal value of the Kretschmann scalar is computed numerically. The parameters are settled to λ j = λk = L o = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/mass-production-of-individual-feedback-54g75w7j8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-login-sessions-across-the-semester-by-day-ofymdxbw.png Figure 2. Total login sessions across the semester by day https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screen-shot-of-the-feedback-system-in-action-348wty08.png Figure 1. Screen shot of the feedback system in action. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-exam-results-for-2002-and-2001-38zfbg4v.png Figure 3. Comparison of exam results for 2002 and 2001 https://scispace.com/papers/mass-transfer-gas-hold-up-and-cell-cultivation-studies-in-a-15gpqlc5wt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geometry-of-the-two-reactor-types183-3qcfeiow.png Table 2. Geometry of the two reactor types183 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-kla-correlation-parameters-fitted-separately-for-23s6arma.png Table 5. kLa-correlation parameters fitted separately for each geometry, together for both geometries and separately for both430 geometries with fixed value for parameter A431 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-isosurfaces-of-3-5-7-5-10-and-12-5-hold-up-for-1oqmbnxe.png Figure 10. Isosurfaces of 3, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 % hold—up for both geometries at Qg=18 l/min (vs=0.011 m/s). Isosurfaces with highest451 hold-up value are filled with values larger than 12.5 %.452 Overall hold-up was calculated from the EIT-measurements by volume averaging the hold-up values over the453 tetrahedral mesh. Overall hold-up is plotted as a function of visually measured hold-up in Figure 11. It should454 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-local-gas-hold-up-contour-plots-with-qg-10-l-min-2uj53qu4.png Figure 15. Local gas hold-up contour plots with Qg = 10 l/min OKTOP®9000 (upper figures) and Rushton (lower figures). Agitation515 power is estimated from equation presented earlier.516 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-saturation-phase-do-and-off-gas-o2-measurements-and-2gqubhsh.png Figure 6. Saturation phase DO and off-gas O2 measurements and model values (dimensionless) with Rushton geometry.400 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-local-gas-hold-up-contour-plots-with-qg-25-l-min-3n3ujdvq.png Figure 14. Local gas hold-up contour plots with Qg = 25 l/min OKTOP®9000 (upper figures) and Rushton (lower figures). Agitation513 power is estimated from equation presented earlier.514 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bsm-and-ptm1-composition-217-rzstm1ov.png Table 3. BSM and PTM1 composition.217 https://scispace.com/papers/massive-continuous-and-non-invasive-surface-measurement-of-56qi0fog0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-normalized-pixel-intensity-degree-of-saturation-2tshh9j1.png Figure 13 Normalized pixel intensity – Degree of saturation plot of soil samples at constant water content (7.14, 14.29, 22.86) and varying void ratio. Normalized pixel intensity – degree of saturation plot of samples at constant density (1470, 1390 kg/m3) and varying water content. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bands-of-the-electromagnetic-spectrum-with-high-299wxwt1.png Table 1. Bands of the electromagnetic spectrum with high absorbance coefficient by water, beside the correspondent vibrational state of the excited water molecule (Wozniak and Dera 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-experiment-setup-for-calibration-msapnxnm.png Figure 8 Experiment setup for calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geotechnical-properties-of-castelldefels-sand-xjpquzuy.png Table 2. Geotechnical properties of Castelldefels’ sand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-comparison-between-the-degree-of-saturation-1lz8v0lb.png Figure 23 Comparison between the degree of saturation measured by SWIR images (dashed line), by moisture sensors (solid line) and the degree of saturation calculated through numerical simulation (dotted line) at three column heights (60 mm, 14 mm and 220 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparison-of-vertical-profiles-of-degree-of-1t21hgsz.png Figure 17 Comparison of vertical profiles of degree of saturation determined by SWIR images and values computed from equilibrium suction profile and the experimental water retention curve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-pixel-intensity-of-each-sample-condition-32udtddh.png Table 6. Average pixel intensity of each sample condition presented in Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-degree-of-saturation-of-tested-samples-for-each-3orfsl0d.png Table 5. Degree of saturation of tested samples. For each water content, three different degrees of saturation are obtained by reducing the void ratio. https://scispace.com/papers/masterful-meisters-voluntary-certification-and-quality-in-1fmlpqq520 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-random-effects-ordered-logit-model-predicted-1bk3bia5.png Table 6: Random effects ordered logit model: Predicted outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2pqg70n2.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-random-effects-ordered-logit-model-average-marginal-1icuf3kd.png Table 5: Random effects ordered logit model: Average marginal effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-model-2g22cgql.png Table 3: Linear regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-random-effects-ordered-logit-model-g1o9qth7.png Table 4: Random effects ordered logit model https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-parametric-estimation-results-3iih06a3.png Table 9: Parametric estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-truncated-regression-model-2yy9g819.png Table 8: Truncated regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-representativeness-1obqkeyr.png Table 2: Sample representativeness https://scispace.com/papers/massively-parallel-sequencing-identifies-a-previously-28witzbqwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-abstract-p6-main-average-indices-for-diff-erent-38ejfjmr.png Table 2 (abstract P6). Main average indices for diff erent sequencing strategies for 100 genomes (100-bp read length) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-abstract-p11-comparison-of-taxonomic-profi-le-1fsqcx8f.png Table 2 (abstract P6). Main average indices for diff erent sequencing strategies for 100 genomes (100-bp read length) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-abstract-p6-main-average-indices-for-diff-erent-24sjd3l4.png Table 3 (abstract P6). Main average indices for diff erent sequencing strategies for 100 genomes (200-bp read length) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-abstract-p6-linear-regression-results-for-100-ik7jds0l.png Table 4 (abstract P6). Linear regression results for 100 genomes, between the genome quality indicators and, for various read lengths, the number of repeats in the genome, the total repeat length of the genome and the percentage of the total repeat length of the genome https://scispace.com/papers/matching-and-price-competition-gf2bb5cf6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-price-supports-69yvhb2t.png Figure 2: Price Supports https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asymmetry-and-nondiscrimination-2mwqj6kv.png Table 2. Asymmetry and Nondiscrimination https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-multiplication-game-d0i63f6s.png Table 1. The Multiplication Game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-with-five-firms-2jegi7aw.png Figure 3: Equilibrium with Five Firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-in-the-multiplication-game-2xxvub2x.png Figure 1: Equilibrium in the Multiplication Game https://scispace.com/papers/matching-between-students-and-universities-what-are-the-2594be5vdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-difference-between-the-individual-average-use-udvy87vw.png Table 1. The difference between the individual average USE score of the student and the average USE score among admitted students. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-graphic-model-of-matching-6lf9ja5j.png Fig. 1. The graphic model of matching https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-results-of-probit-regressions-assessing-the-1nvmjywk.png Table 5. The results of probit-regressions assessing the likelihood of an undermatch situation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-independent-variables-descriptive-statistics-f8cqifv9.png Table 4. Independent variables. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-determinants-of-student-academic-performance-of-gnfq27yw.png Table 7. The determinants of student academic performance of schoolchildren. Dependent variable: the individual USE average score (x) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dependent-variables-descriptive-statistics-3bv3q1q8.png Table 2. Dependent variables. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-individual-use-average-score-for-the-subjects-1ybbh5g8.png Table 3. The individual USE average score for the subjects taken into account in admission. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-a-summary-of-additional-probit-regressions-ktqxfvze.png Table 6. A summary of additional probit regressions https://scispace.com/papers/material-flow-in-heterogeneous-friction-stir-welding-of-thin-53g3untsmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-horizontal-cross-sections-of-a-ws1-weld-at-0-7mm-1-17t3eww7.png Fig. 5. Horizontal cross-sections of a WS1 weld at 0.7mm (1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-horizontal-cross-sections-of-a-ws2-weld-3srlz9lb.png Fig. 8. Horizontal cross-sections of a WS2 weld https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nominal-chemical-composition-of-the-aluminium-alloys-3mqkssce.png Table 1 Nominal chemical composition of the aluminium alloys, wt% (Al—balance) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tensile-properties-of-the-base-materials-yapcjr2n.png Table 2 Tensile properties of the base materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-conical-shoulder-and-b-scrolled-shoulder-hs4itz0z.png Fig. 1. (a) Conical shoulder and (b) scrolled shoulder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-welding-parameters-3ick1prr.png Table 3 Welding parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crown-appearance-of-the-w-22l2fwg3.png Fig. 2. Crown appearance of the W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-microhardness-across-the-welds-3tn7t6iz.png Fig. 9. Microhardness across the welds. https://scispace.com/papers/material-waste-in-the-construction-industry-a-review-of-the-f3dwzhvj79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-uk-waste-management-legislations-xfxywe3q.png Table 2: List of UK Waste Management Legislations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composition-of-waste-production-in-england-adapted-swr5t5lp.png Figure 1: Composition of waste production in England (adapted from CRW, 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-previous-research-in-waste-minimisation-strategies-1vmwhhuj.png Table 1: Previous Research in Waste Minimisation strategies https://scispace.com/papers/materials-and-system-requirements-of-high-temperature-4x0lasbl11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1x2l23gk.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-review-of-the-studies-concerning-the-extended-32bsccn9.png Table 2. Review of the studies concerning the extended surfaces techniques at high temperature in terms of thermal conductivity enhancement. Case 2: Addition of heat pipes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tempe-expan-graph-2fmo80j3.png Fig. 9 tempe Expan graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-embed-l30cvvgo.png Fig. 6. Embed https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-review-of-the-studies-concerning-the-combination-of-29rd1he5.png Table 4. Review of the studies concerning the combination of highly conductive material with TES material at high temperature. Case 4: Metal foams composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagra-2b6pr9my.png Fig. 1 diagra https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-technology-readiness-levels-summary-based-on-76-77-3p5yupbq.png Table 6. Technology readiness levels summary. Based on: [76][77]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thermal-conductivity-enhancement-techniques-for-high-2lbfhz2f.png Fig. 1 diagra https://scispace.com/papers/materials-development-for-new-high-heat-flux-component-mock-15wh2tazkw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-w-f-w-sample-after-fast-1nxxrj1s.png Figure 3: W f /W Sample after FAST https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-samples-dimensions-cut-from-the-original-40mm-disc-19mkuyrg.png Figure 5: Samples dimensions cut from the original 40mm disc https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-geometry-used-for-exposure-in-psi-2-52-1ju6urbo.png Figure 6: Sample geometry used for exposure in PSI-2[52] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sketch-of-potential-test-samples-used-in-gladis-62-3732xczg.png Figure 10: Sketch of potential test samples used in GLADIS [62] with and w/o tungsten armour layer on top. a) both typical long fibre W f /W orientations without additional armour , b) with additional armour layer, a) short fibre W f /W with and w/o armour layer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-based-on-the-current-designs-chosen-for-iter-and-1lt9m2i7.png Figure 9: Based on the current designs chosen for ITER and DEMO the monoblock or flat-tile design are favored [Flat Tile (Top) Bulk Material (Bottom)]. Introducing the advanced materials and composites (e.g. W f /W W f /Cu) can however be done in various locations - Dashed lines indicate locations of material interfaces and potential locations of permeation barriers. Dimensions are given in mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cylindrical-multi-layered-braiding-made-out-of-3ilajz59.png Figure 1: Cylindrical multi-layered braiding made out of continuous W fibres with a nominal diameter of 50 µm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-microstructure-after-sintering-19fpub23.png Figure 4: Overview Microstructure after sintering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-transverse-as-well-as-b-axial-microsection-of-a-35py7rss.png Figure 2: (a) Transverse as well as (b) axial microsection of a Wf-Cu heat sink pipe produced by means of liquid Cu melt infiltration of a preform as illustrated in figure 1 [7] https://scispace.com/papers/maternal-control-of-early-life-history-traits-affects-47ca1rw665 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-timing-of-emergence-in-wild-cultivated-and-crop-3vs6a3ya.png Figure 1. The timing of emergence in wild, cultivated, and crop-wild sunflower. A: Temperature variation and daily precipitation during 2017, vertical black lines indicate the beginning and the end of the experiment (from April 20 to October 24), and the red belt between 119 and 129 days (April 29 to May 8) indicates a 10-day period with warm days. B: Proportion of seedlings in each count relative to planted seeds (n = 50 per pot), red belt indicates the 10- day period with warm days. C: Biotype differences in the proportion of seedlings pot-1 at each time. Box edges represent the 0.25 and 0.75 quartiles, solid line represents the median value and error bars 0.1 and 0.9 percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phenotypic-variation-across-three-contrasting-2up7cago.png Figure 3. Phenotypic variation across three contrasting temperature treatments. Temperature treatments: LOW (15 / 10 °C), CONTROL (22 / 18 °C), and HIGH (30 / 26 °C) with neutral photoperiod (12 h light/12 h dark). Box edges represent the 0.25 and 0.75 quartiles, solid line represents the median value and error bars 0.1 and 0.9 percentiles. Outliers are shown. Significant differences between least square means of temperatures are indicated. *** P < 0.0001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phenotypic-variation-of-seedling-traits-in-the-1b760x7l.png Figure 2. Phenotypic variation of seedling traits in the field. All variables on four representative plants per pot (24 plants per biotype) were recorded on the same day (July 13). All measured plants were at the 2-leaf developmental stage. Box edges represent the 0.25 and 0.75 quartiles, solid line represents the median value and error bars 0.1 and 0.9 percentiles. Outliers are shown. To facilitate interpretation, significant differences are only shown for comparisons between biotypes with the same maternal parent and between reciprocal hybrids. *** P < 0.0001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; † P < 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phenotypic-variation-of-six-seedling-traits-across-272dsn4o.png Figure 4. Phenotypic variation of six seedling traits across three temperature treatments. Box edges represent the 0.25 and 0.75 quartiles, solid line represents the median value and error bars 0.1 and 0.9 percentiles. Outliers are shown. To facilitate interpretation, significant differences are only shown for comparisons between biotypes with the same maternal parent and between reciprocal hybrids. *** P < 0.0001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/materials-in-particulate-form-for-tissue-engineering-2-5ecxyct3oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-molecules-and-trace-elements-with-a-brief-sca8n96y.png Table 1. Some molecules and trace elements with a brief description of their role/effect on bone, compiled in the scope of this review https://scispace.com/papers/maternal-intramuscular-dexamethasone-versus-betamethasone-2mk9srzyvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-secondary-outcomes-for-liveborn-infants-assessed-2wifeunw.png Table 3: Secondary outcomes for liveborn infants assessed before hospital discharge https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-maternal-and-pregnancy-characteristics-395swzi4.png Table 1: Baseline maternal and pregnancy characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-and-secondary-childhood-outcomes-at-2-years-cm7k9p4t.png Table 2: Primary and secondary childhood outcomes at 2 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-secondary-maternal-outcomes-assessed-before-hospital-2olcf27y.png Table 4: Secondary maternal outcomes assessed before hospital discharge, after birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-use-of-study-treatment-and-adverse-events-24wjvd2x.png Table 5: Use of study treatment and adverse events https://scispace.com/papers/maternal-supplementation-with-corn-oil-associated-or-not-4l9b7xopa0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-testicular-histological-sections-from-the-control-oil-1e74ret7.png Fig. 3. Testicular histological sections from the Control, Oil, and Phthalate groups stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). A and B represent testicular sections with normal appearance. C, D, E and F present sections containing seminiferous tubules with premature detachment of germinative cells (*). Two histological sections of two distinct fragments per animal were evaluated in five animals per group. IT: interstitial tissue; SE: seminiferous epithelium. Bars: 50 μm (A, C, E and F) and 20 μm (B and D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-determination-of-the-expression-of-the-peroxisome-377nnd72.png Fig. 5. Determination of the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; A), liver X receptor α (LXRα; B), androgen receptor (AR; C) and estrogen receptor α (ERα; D) in the testis of gerbils from the Control (C), Oil (O) and Phthalate (Ph) groups, normalized by β-actin, which was used as a positive control. n= 4 animals per group. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-antibodies-and-protocols-used-in-mfya1ql5.png Table 1 Description of the antibodies and protocols used in the immunoblotting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hormone-profile-of-the-animals-from-the-control-c-oil-1sffknst.png Fig. 6. Hormone profile of the animals from the Control (C), Oil (O) and Phthalate (Ph) groups. A and B. Serum and intratesticular testosterone (T) levels, respectively. C and D. Serum and intratesticlar estradiol (E2) levels, respectively. Serum and intratesticular dosages were performed in 10 and 7 animals per group, respectively. Individual values (circles) and mean value (line) are represented. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant (A. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test; B, C and D. ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lipid-profile-of-the-gerbils-from-the-control-c-oil-o-29xb5p8n.png Fig. 1. Lipid profile of the gerbils from the Control (C), Oil (O) and Phthalate (Ph) groups. n= 10 animals per group. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant (ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-biometric-data-of-the-animals-from-the-control-c-oil-2von2bro.png Table 2 Biometric data of the animals from the Control (C), Oil (O) and Phthalate (Ph) groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-oxidative-stress-markers-in-blood-samples-and-25q3ovb5.png Fig. 7. Oxidative stress markers in blood samples and testicular and epidididmal fragments of gerbils from the Control (C), Oil (O) and Phthalate (Ph) groups. Antioxidant activity of the Catalase (CAT; A, B and C), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx; D, E and F) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD; G, H and I) enzymes was determined. Oxidized biomolecule levels were determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay (J, K and L). n=7 animals per group. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant (A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and L. ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test; B and K. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-testicular-and-epididymal-sperm-counts-and-sperm-1lqr1htc.png Table 3 Testicular and epididymal sperm counts, and sperm transit time through the epididymis of gerbils from the Control (C), Oil (O) and Phthalate (Ph) groups. https://scispace.com/papers/mathdox-mathematical-documents-on-the-web-o0ikg4pwv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-omdoc-elements-65tx2jbg.png Figure 4.5: OMDoc elements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-15-a-derive-proof-step-1vqe4kaz.png Figure 2.15: A derive proof step https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16-a-proof-by-cases-pzdjjtdm.png Figure 2.16: A proof by cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-24-an-omlet-2zk9xq7j.png Figure 2.24: An Omlet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-25-an-omlet-calling-an-external-process-3nvxeubv.png Figure 2.25: An omlet calling an external process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-23-the-omdoc-auxiliary-elements-for-non-xml-data-dlodzw9e.png Figure 2.23: The OMDoc Auxiliary Elements for non-Xml Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-20-a-theory-of-rings-26kmnbay.png Figure 2.20: A theory of rings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-14-the-omdoc-proof-elements-1f5igqe4.png Figure 2.14: The OMDoc Proof Elements https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-formulation-of-bodies-of-revolution-by-l-4bj7s9vnbv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculations-of-y-and-y-for-a-typical-sixth-degree-du4dc25p.png TABLE 1 Calculations of y^ and y for a Typical Sixth Degree Polynomial Form https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-model-of-cold-cap-preliminary-one-dimensional-4tkyha7ry3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-1d-representation-of-cold-cap-20qx01nb.png Figure 5.1. 1D Representation of Cold Cap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-the-effective-heat-capacity-of-a0-sample-for-25xwpnqv.png Figure 3.4. The Effective Heat Capacity of A0 Sample for Heating Rate 20 K/min. The dashed blue line indicates the possible true heat capacity of the A0 sample. The dotted red line represents the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-normalized-pellet-profile-area-versus-temperature-ho3ubno1.png Figure 3.5. Normalized Pellet Profile Area Versus Temperature of A0 Batches with Different Alumina Source Heated at 5°C/min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-foam-layer-low-viscosity-melt-27yzxla8.png Figure 6.5. Foam Layer (low-viscosity melt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-effective-heat-conductivity-used-for-the-model-9edqvp74.png Figure 3.8. Effective Heat Conductivity Used for the Model Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-temperature-field-within-the-cold-cap-for-2sai3hoa.png Figure 5.6. Temperature Field Within the Cold Cap for Different Portions of Heat Flux from Plenum Space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-the-computation-domain-crucible-divided-into-3uilddch.png Figure A.1. The Computation Domain (crucible) Divided into Finite Volumes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-relative-pellet-profile-area-versus-temperature-o6xnw3kb.png Figure 6.1. Relative Pellet Profile Area Versus Temperature of A0 Batches Heated at 5 K/min with Silica Grains of 5 μm, 75 μm, and 175 μm in Size https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-models-for-somite-formation-1bcdqm4bl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-numerical-solution-of-the-segmentation-clock-model-2isy1ewj.png Figure 4 Numerical solution of the segmentation clock model given by Eqs. (5) and (6). (a) The case with no noise. (b–d) The case in which binding of the protein to and from its site on the DNA are stochastic processes. As the rate of protein synthesis is gradually decreased the oscillations become more irregular, becoming almost undetectable as synthesis rates reach 1/100th of their original value. In each case protein concentration/number is indicated by the solid line and mRNA concentration/number by the dashed line. Parameters are as follows: dt = 0.1 min, τm = 12.0 min, τp = 2.8 min, p0 = 40, k = 33 min−1, koff = 1 min−1, b = 0.23 and c = 0.23. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerical-solution-of-the-cell-chemotaxis-model-for-38kdcmaw.png Figure 6 Numerical solution of the cell-chemotaxis model for somite formation in one spatial dimension given by Eq. (10). Initially the field is supposed to be homogeneous throughout, with a small perturbation made to the cell density at x = 0. The pattern of somites propagates across the field over time, from left to right. Parameters are as follows: D = 1.0, χ = 10.0, N = 1.0 and n0 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-solution-of-the-clock-and-wavefront-model-rvwaltpy.png Figure 2 Numerical solution of the clock and wavefront model in one spatial dimension given by Eqs. (1) and (2). Continuous regression of the wavefront (c), is accompanied by a series of pulses in the signaling molecule (b), and coherent rises in the level of somitic factor (a). Parameters are as follows: μ = 10−4, γ = 10−3, κ = 10, ε = 10−3, η = 1.0, φ = 0.0, Dv = 50, Dw = 20, xn = 0.0, cn = 0.5, xb = 7.5 and ξ = 0.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-solution-of-the-fgf8-ra-model-given-by-eq-iso0utio.png Figure 5 Numerical solution of the FGF8/RA model given by Eq. (9) over the series of successive time steps t = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. The fronts move from left to right as time proceeds. Parameters are as follows: rf = 2.0, ra = 5.0, λf = 1.0, λa = 1.0, ηf = 0.5, ηa = 0.5, sf = 0.5, sa = 0.5, βa = 1.0, βf = 1.0, and D = 5.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-solution-of-the-clock-and-wavefront-model-3icsjftt.png Figure 3 Numerical solution of the clock and wavefront model in one spatial dimension given by Eqs. (1)–(4). Continuous regression of the wavefront (c), is accompanied by a series of pulses in the signaling molecule (b), and coherent rises in the level of somitic factor (a). With a source of FGF8 implanted in the PSM the somite anomalies are obvious. Parameters are as follows: μ = 10−4, γ = 10−3, κ = 10, ε = 10−3, η = 1.0, φ = 1.5, Dv = 50, Dw = 20, xn = 0.0, cn = 0.5, xb = 7.5 and ξ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mechanisms-underlying-somite-formation-the-2816k6tf.png Figure 1 The mechanisms underlying somite formation. The lower box illustrates the AP axis and the various stages of somite formation. The posterior PSM (gray) is homogeneous and cells are undetermined with respect to their developmental pathway. At the level of the determination front, the interaction between the clock and wavefront specifies the chemical prepattern. Cells of the PSM which lie anterior to the determination front will follow a specific developmental pathway which cannot be altered by subsequent perturbation of the clock or wavefront. At the anterior end of the PSM cells undergo changes in their morphological properties and condense to form coherent somites (black segments). The upper box shows schematics of the networks underlying the clock and the gradient. On the left, FGF acts in a negative feedback loop with retinoic acid to control gradient progression whilst on the right a negatively-regulating transcriptional delay network consisting of Hes1/7 controls clock oscillations. https://scispace.com/papers/matlab-simulink-framework-for-modeling-complex-coolant-flow-31s566mspn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-active-cooling-mode-1uc7j0od.png Figure 5. Active cooling mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-approach-nrel-combined-loop-model-simulink-2mw5235p.png Figure 1. Original approach. NREL combined loop model, Simulink top-level view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-new-approach-combined-loop-model-new-approach-28qwdy1d.png Figure 2. New approach. Combined loop model, new approach Simulink https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-nrels-cfl-electric-drive-vehicle-2xj1j2u3.png Figure 4. Schematic of NREL’s CFL electric-drive vehicle thermal management system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nrels-combined-fluid-loop-test-bench-thermal-mkz70l5l.png Figure 3. NREL’s combined fluid loop test bench thermal management system apparatus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-active-heating-mode-using-a-heat-pump-266mjd6n.png Figure 6. Active heating mode using a heat pump https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-and-measured-capacities-of-coolant-to-air-3iheh0b6.png Figure 7. Simulated and measured capacities of coolant-to-air heat exchangers (HX). RMS=4.18%. Nine out of 10 points fall within 95% of uncertainty intervals. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals for measurement uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-and-measured-capacities-of-coolant-to-g6tefha1.png Figure 8. Simulated and measured capacities of coolant-to-refrigerant heat exchangers RMS=4.18%. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals for measurement uncertainties. https://scispace.com/papers/matrilines-in-neolithic-cattle-from-orkney-scotland-reveals-4m3qkirswt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-position-of-westray-among-the-major-isles-of-orkney-2wfiprvu.png Figure 1. Position of Westray among the major isles of Orkney and location of the Links of Noltland excavated 88 area (PIC) on Westray (Moore and Wilson, 2011). 89 90 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-east-foundation-structure-9-skulls-f6716-f6700-2luvyfqq.png Figure 2. East Foundation, Structure 9, Skulls F6716, F6700, F4917 © G. Wilson 111 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pca-graph-based-on-relative-haplotype-frequencies-6pqvy7e9.png Figure 4: PCA graph based on relative haplotype frequencies of haplogroup T individuals. Component 1 and 2 242 explain 94 % of the variation. The graph contains geographical and time bins which allow an unbiased 243 comparison with the LON samples. 244 Stable isotopes and 14C-dating 245 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-late-neolithic-cattle-astragalus-measurements-from-hf0x515n.png Figure 7: Late Neolithic cattle astragalus measurements from LON and pooled male and female aurochs from 321 Denmark (Degerbøl and Fredskild, 1970). 322 323 Figure 8 shows medians for aurochs measurements for metapodial bones from Denmark are 324 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-joining-network-of-409-archaeological-bos-2vvnmbmg.png Figure 3: Median Joining Network of 409 archaeological Bos Genbank entries (Anderung, et al., 2005, 226 Bollongino, et al., 2012, Bollongino, et al., 2006, Bollongino, et al., 2008, Edwards, et al., 2007, Scheu, et al., 227 2015, 2012) based on BRS nucleotide positions 15,931-16,025; 16,051-16,152 and 16,185-16,312. Circle size 228 corresponds to the number of individuals. Iran, Syria – grey; Western Anatolia – red; Southeastern Europe – 229 violet; Southeastern Central Europe – dark green; Italy – light green; Southern France – blue; Central 230 Northwestern Europe – orange; mainland UK – pink. The LON individuals are in black. 231 232 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-analyses-undertaken-with-links-of-gw287vql.png Table 1: Details of analyses undertaken with Links of Noltland (LON), Westray, Orkney cattle samples. Information in parenthesis could not be validated, ND = not 112 determinable. 113 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10c-dimensions-of-maxillary-3rd-molar-left-in-mm-2ul3n0hw.png Table 10c: Dimensions of maxillary 3rd molar (left, in mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-metacarpal-left-and-metatarsal-right-distal-1tnyorlf.png Figure 8: Metacarpal (left) and metatarsal (right) distal breadths from LON and pooled male and female 330 aurochs from Denmark (Degerbøl and Fredskild, 1970). Graphs represent median, 25% and 75% quartile values 331 and maximum range. The grey zones mark size overlaps between large Neolithic domestic cattle and small 332 aurochs from Central Europe after Bökönyi (1995). 333 334 https://scispace.com/papers/maximizing-data-reuse-for-minimizing-memory-space-304v9sm47l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-different-data-block-graphs-dbgs-and-potential-1maxq4bo.png Fig. 3. Two different data block graphs (DBGs) and potential schedulings. The solid arrows denote data dependences, while the dashed arrows indicate scheduling (execution) order. For clarity, only two nodes are explicitly labeled in each DBG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-three-different-schedulings-the-solid-arrows-denote-2lckdunp.png Fig. 5. Three different schedulings. The solid arrows denote data dependences, while the dashed arrows indicate scheduling (execution) order. OBi denotes the ith on-chip block. In (c), the nodes in the initial portion of the schedule are marked with the associated on-chip block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-combined-dbg-cdbg-the-array-region-identifier-3ski9c32.png Fig. 4. A combined DBG (CDBG). The array region identifier attached to a node indicates the array elements accessed by that node. For clarity, only four nodes are labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-fragment-a-and-its-transformed-version-b-22fwtamz.png Fig. 2. An example fragment (a) and its transformed version (b). https://scispace.com/papers/max-weber-on-law-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-myyvom340m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2swl3fyl.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/maxi-j1957-032-an-accreting-neutron-star-possibly-in-a-29jvlek476 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-and-optical-data-on-the-mjd-57153-flare-of-1ev22e7m.png Figure 1. X-ray and optical data on the MJD 57153 flare of MAXIJ1957 +032, reported by MAXI/GSC on 2015 May 11. The red crosses joined by a curve show the 0.5–10 keV Swift/XRT detections from Table 2 pertinent to this flare. The purple and gold points indicate the times and fluxes of the INTEGRAL20–60 keV (ATel 7506; Cherepashchuk et al. 2015) and MAXI 2–10 keV (ATel 7504; Negoro et al. 2015) detections respectively. All X-ray fluxes are corrected for absorption. The black open circles show the GROND r¢-band measurements (ATel 7524; Rau et al. 2015), and the dashed line corresponds to the quiescent R-band magnitude measured in the Epoch 5 Keck observations discussed below (Table 3). The X-ray flux scale is on the left ordinate, and the optical flux scale is on the right ordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectra-of-the-optical-counterpart-to-maxi-j1957-30ya35ut.png Figure 3. Spectra of the optical counterpart to MAXI J1957+032 during an outburst (top—Epoch 6) and quiescence (bottom—Epoch 3). Relevant spectral lines and molecular absorption bands are indicated. The measured spectra are shown as binned data, and a template spectrum of a K7V dwarf from the Pickles (1998) spectral atlas is shown as a thick red trace in the bottom panel. The template is arbitrarily scaled in flux density for convenience of display. The quiescent spectrum shares numerous features with the K7V template, including the Na I and Ca I narrow absorption features, as well as the broad MgH and TiO absorption bands. However, although this template is the best fit to the data from the Pickles atlas, it is apparent that the quiescent spectrum is bluer than the template. No interstellar extinction correction was applied to the data; the total Milky Way extinction along the J1957 sightline is expected to be E B V 0.11- =( ) . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-maxi-gsc-detections-of-outbursts-from-er6h27go.png Table 1 Summary of MAXI/GSC Detections of Outbursts from MAXI J1957+032 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-swift-xrt-photon-counter-observations-of-maxi-j1957-34f59zry.png Table 2 Swift/XRT Photon-counter Observations of MAXI J1957+032 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-log-of-optical-observations-258nab04.png Table 3 Log of Optical Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-i-band-image-of-the-quiescent-optical-counterpart-31rpc3rx.png Figure 2. I-band image of the quiescent optical counterpart to J1957 from the Epoch 5 observations (Table 3). The counterpart is indicated by a black solid line. The image is centered on the position of J1957 (J2000): 19h56m39 11, 03°26′43 7. The green dashed line indicates the slit PA (124°.5) during the spectroscopic observations of Epochs 3 and 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-properties-of-j1957-2pr23wc6.png Table 4 Properties of J1957 https://scispace.com/papers/maximum-effect-of-the-heterogeneity-of-tissue-mineralization-216bcwjyo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-transverse-cross-section-of-one-cortical-bone-rve-2jbe8hcb.png Fig. 4: A transverse cross-section of one cortical bone RVE showing the vascular pores (blue) and the two phases within the mineralized matrix (light orange: osteonal tissue; dark orange: interstitial tissue) for different values of osteon thickness: e = 35µm (left), e = 70µm (center), and e = 140µm (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-dimensional-representative-volume-element-rve-3do5m7qj.png Fig. 3: Three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) with vascular pores in black. Left: two-phase model where the matrix (white) is considered to be a mixture of interstitial and osteonal tissue. Right: three-phase model where the matrix is made of two phases (white: osteonal tissue; dark gray: interstitial tissue). The direction of the bone diaphysis axis (and approximate osteon axis) is given by x3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-effective-elastic-coefficients-cij-oxzerrs4.png Fig. 7: Evolution of the effective elastic coefficients C̃ij with porosity for different osteon thicknesses: (a) e = 35µm, (b) e = 70µm and (c) e = 140µm (solid symbols: two-phase bone matrix composed of interstitial tissue and osteons; open symbols: equivalent homogeneous matrix) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-elastic-coefficients-of-the-mineralized-matrix-as-a-1dn5d1dg.png Fig. 5: Elastic coefficients of the mineralized matrix as a function of mineral volume fraction fha (Grimal et al. 2008, 2011b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-acoustic-microscopy-sam-maps-of-acoustic-3iw1yt5u.png Fig. 1: Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) maps of acoustic impedance (MRayl) of human femoral cortical bone in a plane transverse to osteons. The relative differences in impedance reflect to a large extent the variations of mineralization levels in different portions of the tissue, a larger impedance (or elasticity) corresponding to more mineralized, and older, tissue (Raum et al. 2006). The main image is a region of 5× 5mm2 scanned at 50 MHz with a resolution of about 30µm. The inset is a SAM image at 200 MHz with a resolution of about 8µm (Granke et al. 2011). The vascular porosity appears in dark blue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-difference-averaged-over-all-5smm42z2.png Table 2: Relative difference averaged over all microstructural samples with porosities ranging from 3 to 20% for different osteon thicknesses e (See the definition of ∆C̃/C̃ in the legend of Fig. 8) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-difference-in-elastic-properties-between-the-3dlv1tqx.png Fig. 6: Difference in elastic properties between the interstitial and osteonal tissues, calculated as 100× C m;I 33 −C m;O https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-parameters-of-the-representative-volume-14qmiaef.png Table 1: Summary of parameters of the representative volume element. Elasticity tensors of osteons Cm;O and interstitial tissue Cm;I are calculated with a micromechanical model for a fixed volume fraction of mineral fha. https://scispace.com/papers/maximum-likelihood-estimates-and-confidence-intervals-of-an-19ba3zkd29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-95-upper-and-lower-confidence-limits-of-p0-for-13pibcsm.png Figure 3. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of P0 for N = 15 and b = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-95-upper-and-lower-confidence-limits-of-p0-for-1labpyje.png Figure 2. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of P0 for R = 3 and b = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-3-for-cases-1-3-respectively-figures-1-3-show-the-258fvr8y.png Figures 1–3 for cases 1–3, respectively. Figures 1–3 show the effects of varying b, N , and R, respectively. One observes from Figures 1–3 that (i) at a level of significance equal to 0.05, P0|ρ=ρ̂ lies between the two confidence limits P0L and P0U for all cases; (ii) for given R and N , the confidence interval bands increase as b increases; (iii) for given R and b, the tracks of the confidence interval nearly stay the same when N varies from 5 to 15; and (iv) for given N and b, the branches of the confidence interval are almost no difference when R changes from 3 to 8. Intuitively, this seems too insensitive to changes in R and N . It to be noted that the numerical results show that the length of the confidence interval is getting tight if m is getting large. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-95-upper-and-lower-confidence-limits-of-p0-for-3s5xz65i.png Figure 1. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of P0 for R = 3 and N = 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-95-upper-and-lower-confidence-limits-of-e-n-for-b8dxnkdw.png Figure 5. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of E[N] for R = 3 and b = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-95-upper-and-lower-confidence-limits-of-e-n-for-fdzjhxwu.png Figure 6. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of E[N] for N = 15 and b = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-95-upper-and-lower-confidence-limits-of-e-n-for-2sszd0yy.png Figure 4. The 95% upper and lower confidence limits of E[N] for R = 3 and N = 15. https://scispace.com/papers/maximum-running-intensities-during-english-academy-rugby-4xwlun54cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-relative-distance-m-min-1-during-academy-1jmefs7u.png Table 1. Maximum relative distance (m·min-1) during academy rugby union match-play for six positional groups 1 https://scispace.com/papers/maximum-likelihood-estimation-of-gaussian-models-with-3tase5epc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-10-missing-data-ok42q12y.png Table 2 Results, 10% missing data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-2fo2c903.png Table 1 Models https://scispace.com/papers/maximum-working-class-unity-challenges-to-local-social-5chpc7e79c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-political-map-3jioeqym.png FIGURE 2: POLITICAL MAP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-organisational-map-of-samwu-21cjwx1t.png FIGURE 1: ORGANISATIONAL MAP OF SAMWU https://scispace.com/papers/maxwell-s-demon-in-the-generation-of-an-intense-and-slow-1tu24llwmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-representation-in-the-single-particle-3ipm90ko.png FIG. 2: (Color online) Representation in the single-particle phase space of one-dimensional atomic packets periodically injected in a guide. a) in the absence of slowing b) in the presence of slowing with the mirror moving at a velocity V (dashed line). For a sufficiently long propagation distance, packets have merged and the thermal equilibrium for the corresponding beam is reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-36ivb4y7.png FIG. 1: (Color online) Schematic representation of the generation of a continuous beam by injecting packets into a guide (a), and by slowing them with a moving mirror (velocity V ) before their overlapping (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-optimal-mirror-velocity-z-y-v-vi-normalized-to-303z5341.png FIG. 3: (a) The optimal mirror velocity z∗(y) = V ∗/vi normalized to vi is plotted as a function of the dimensionless parameter y = ∆v/vi and (b) the corresponding maximum phase space density R∗max = Rmax(y, z ∗(y)) = ρ′/ρp of a beam generated from the packet after their optimal slowing down and normalized to the packet initial phase space density, is plotted as a function of y. https://scispace.com/papers/measured-optimum-bns-damping-configuration-of-the-slc-linac-4o56m5uqpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-induced-horizontal-oscillations-at-three-locations-35hls4qq.png Figure 4 Induced horizontal oscillations at three locations in the linac with the new stronger BNS phases: 56 klystrons at -22 degrees and 176 klystrons at +I6 degrees. https://scispace.com/papers/measles-outbreak-spreading-from-the-community-to-an-33gxox0iie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colour-online-measles-cases-in-the-outbreak-in-2ar1dodw.png Fig. 1 [colour online]. Measles cases in the outbreak in district X, Berlin, Germany, 2011, by week of onset of rash (n=60). Date of rash onset missing for 13 cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-colour-online-school-trip-cases-in-district-x-measles-2b8tvt6b.png Fig. 3 [colour online]. School-trip cases in district X measles outbreak, Berlin, Germany, 2011, by date of rash onset (n=17). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vaccination-status-of-children-participating-in-the-4fmbtjy3.png Table 1. Vaccination status of children participating in the school trip, district X measles outbreak, Berlin (Germany), 2011, and vaccine effectiveness, 2011 (n=51) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-colour-online-age-and-sex-distribution-of-community-1rjk3kid.png Fig. 2 [colour online]. Age and sex distribution of community cases in district X measles outbreak, Berlin, Germany, 2011 (n=37). https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-and-modeling-of-infrared-nonlinear-absorption-3vh9nqp2mq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-evolution-of-ten-shot-per-site-damage-in-2qhifzj1.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Evolution of ten shot per site damage in coated germanium at 2.5 m using picosecond pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-from-2-5-m-damage-study-including-key-2u0wqx2w.png Table 5. Results from 2.5 m Damage Study, Including Key Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-material-properties-for-ge-and-gasb-samples-18d8wllo.png Table 3. Material Properties for Ge and GaSb Samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-2-5-m-variation-of-linear-transmission-1qejxf5v.png Fig. 2. (Color online) 2.5 m variation of linear transmission (left axis) and (right axis) with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-predicted-lidt-fluence-for-uncoated-ge-2zcnsujb.png Fig. 9. (Color online) Predicted LIDT fluence for uncoated Ge and GaSb using measured NLA coefficients. Markers indicate experimentally determined LIDT fluences, solid lines are modeling that includes T , and dotted lines model LIDT without T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nla-and-damage-testing-experimental-setup-3gwsn6q5.png Fig. 3. NLA and damage testing experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-single-shot-damage-in-uncoated-gasb-at-2-10u00h5x.png Fig. 8. Evolution of single shot damage in uncoated GaSb at 2.5 m using nanosecond pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-picosecond-lidt-measurement-for-uncoated-35jnqy5t.png Fig. 7. (Color online) Picosecond LIDT measurement for uncoated GaSb, using ISO-11254-1 method. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-methods-on-pastures-and-their-use-in-46lkb8ge5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dry-matter-yields-of-the-grazed-pasture-plots-2yvkd0na.png Figure 3. Dry matter yields of the grazed pasture plots calculated by the difference before and after grazing (black) and daily growth rate (grey) in 2012. In brackets: Number of grazing days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-daily-growth-rate-of-dry-matter-on-ungrazed-plots-264ca1b2.png Figure 2. Daily growth rate of dry matter on ungrazed plots in 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-warming-potential-100-a-of-grass-silage-for-mzto50ig.png Table 1. Global warming potential (100 a) of grass silage for yields of 17.5 t ha-1 and 26.5 t ha-1 in g CO2 eq. kg-1 DM (experimental farm Trenthorst, 2011 and mean of the years 2005, 2008 and 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gps-located-sample-points-left-were-used-to-measure-v8jt7s9k.png Figure 1. GPS-located sample points (left) were used to measure the difference before and after grazing and weekly zigzag measurement (right) were used to estimate the daily growth rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-daily-dry-matter-dm-intake-per-cow-at-the-pasture-r0kl6rox.png Figure 4. Daily dry matter (DM) intake per cow at the pasture plots in 2012. The % shows the reduction potential of global warming per kg ECM [%] by increasing the DM intake by grazing to 10 kg cow-1 d-1. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-mass-transfer-coefficients-in-a-mechanically-2idrqakxoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-results-from-analysis-of-the-salt-and-bismuth-cq9a0up7.png Table D-1. Results from analysis of the salt and bismuth samples taken during the hydrodynamic run https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-for-addition-of-beryllium-to-the-salt-phase-2b7f8l23.png Fig. 6« Schematic for addition of beryllium to the salt phase in the salt-bismuth treatment vessel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-results-of-analysis-of-flowing-streaa-bisauth-3f4igpdb.png Table D-2. Results of analysis of flowing streaa bisauth saaples for presence of berylliuai https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-tank-sample-port-and-sample-capsule-8kushu3z.png Fig. 3. Typical tank sample port and sample capsule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-uranium-mass-transfer-coefficients-with-2uz2d0io.png Fig. 9. Comparison of uranium mass transfer coefficients with the Levis correlation. lumbers in parentheses refer to run number. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-counting-data-obtained-from-run-tsmc-9-9in0q1l4.png Table A-8. Counting data obtained from run TSMC-9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deacrlptlaft-of-won-lee-b-uestaast-vteatl-1bcsn1xo.png Table 1. Deacrlptlaft of won lee «B Uestaast vteatl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-agitator-speed-on-salt-side-smss-transfer-eye16qhq.png Fig. 8. Effect of agitator speed on salt-side smss transfer coef ficient of 9Tzr in the salt-bismuth contactor, luabers in parentheses refer to run number. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-oh-radicals-at-state-x-2-p-in-an-atmospheric-37k8kp3p7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-of-the-discharge-spectra-in-n2-at-25-ma-21gd9uwv.png Figure 4. Overview of the discharge spectra in N2 at 25 mA current with water as the cathode and high-resolution spectra in the range 300–350 nm for He and Ar discharges at 25 mA with water as the cathode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rotational-temperature-of-oh-a-as-a-function-of-the-2g46k0h9.png Table 1. Rotational temperature of OH(A) as a function of the current for He, Ar, N2 and glow discharge without gas flow estimated by the Boltzmann plot method. Error of the measurements is ±150 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-boltzmann-plot-of-the-rotational-distribution-of-oh-l1uibncr.png Figure 5. Boltzmann plot of the rotational distribution of OH(A) in the micro-flow glow discharge with water as the anode at a fixed flow rate of 300 sccm and fixed current of 20 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-resolved-energy-normalized-lif-signal-332730nu.png Figure 6. Time-resolved energy normalized LIF signal intensity (to laser energy 1 mJ) for the discharge in N2, Ar and He as a function of the discharge current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-high-resolution-laser-scans-of-transitions-p1-4-p2-1ukudr5l.png Figure 7. High-resolution laser scans of transitions P1(4), P2(6) and P2(3) for Ar discharge with water as the cathode at 25 mA discharge current. Stick spectra (b) at the bottom represent the results of the simulation of LIF spectra obtained for P1(4) excitation where the transparency of the interference filter is taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-experimental-set-up-used-for-the-measurements-of-392ujjpg.png Figure 1. (a) Experimental set-up used for the measurements of OH radicals in a dc micro-flow discharge with liquid electrodes; and (b) laser pathway view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-time-evolution-of-the-lif-signal-1w95qrqo.png Figure 8. Comparison of the time evolution of the LIF signal with results of the simulation with different amounts of water vapour for the case of He discharge at 20 mA, N2 discharge at 30 mA and Ar discharge at 10 mA, and water as the cathode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-absolute-density-of-oh-radicals-in-ground-state-2nlmdyyh.png Figure 9. Absolute density of OH radicals in ground state generated in a micro-flow discharge with liquid electrodes in He/Ar/N2 gases as a function of discharge current. Statistical error is 20%. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-planet-masses-with-transit-timing-variations-1edqkvbt0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-synodic-formula-with-j-1-with-the-3hjtax3v.png Figure 2. Comparison of the synodic formula with j = 1 with the measured harmonic with frequency n2 of simulated TTVs for the inner planet (bottom), and with frequency n1 of simulated TTVs for the outer planet (top). The color scale denotes the fractional error in the chopping formula as a function of the period ratio of the pair and the eccentricities of the orbits, where the vertical scale is = +e e e( )1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-kepler-11-d-e-resonant-chopping-3ilwjzlv.png Figure 9. Comparison of Kepler-11 d/e resonant + chopping analysis. Black curve: 1σ constraint from Lissauer et al. (2013). Dark (light) blue: 1(2)σ constraint from 3:2 resonant term and chopping terms for both planets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-synodic-formula-with-j-1-with-the-3hmi5kuk.png Figure 3. Comparison of the synodic formula with j = 1 with the measured harmonic with frequency n2 of simulated TTVs for the inner planet. The color scale denotes the fractional error in the chopping formula as a function of the period ratio of the pair and the eccentricities of the orbits, where the vertical scale is = +e e e( )1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-a-harmonic-analysis-for-kepler-11d-top-s6kz52si.png Figure 8. Results of a harmonic analysis for Kepler 11d (top) and 11e (bottom). In black circles we show the full TTVs for each planet with the measurement uncertainties. The dotted curves are the best fit to the TTV using a harmonic analysis with three harmonics of the perturbing planet’s orbital frequency. In red is the predicted chopping (j = 1) signal for each planet. The blue solid curve shows the predicted chopping signal based on the Lissauer et al. (2013) results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-derived-1-s-confidence-limits-for-ph3c-and-d-the-yezuxy1l.png Figure 7. Derived 1-σ confidence limits for PH3c and d. The red is derived from the harmonic analysis without fitting the synodic chopping signal. The orange confidence limit includes synodic chopping, while the blue shows the results from the full dynamical analysis in Schmitt et al. (2014). The constraint on the mass of the outer planet from the chopping signal alone is marked by the yellow horizontal region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-synodic-formula-with-j-1-with-the-2sibdtfw.png Figure 4. Comparison of the synodic formula with j = 1 with the measured harmonic with frequency n2 of simulated TTVs for the inner planet for planets of mass - M10 4 (bottom) or - M10 3 (top). The color scale denotes the fractional error in the chopping formula as a function of the period ratio of the pair and the eccentricities of the orbits, where the vertical scale is = +e e e( )1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-amplitude-of-the-synodic-ttv-of-1yersjd5.png Figure 5. Comparison of the amplitude of the synodic TTV of the outer planet, with j = 1, and the amplitude from the TTV formula of Lithwick et al. 2012 with =Z 0free . Both the close agreement near the resonant period ratio of 2:1 and the disagreement further away is expected. There is a ~25% error in the Lithwick et al. (2012) formula at a period ratio of 2.1 or 1.9. The dashed line indicates that neither formula applies for systems in a resonance (where we have calculated the width of the resonance at zero eccentricity for planets of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-measured-amplitude-of-the-synodic-chopping-l-l-sin-jkwxtmw6.png Figure 11. Measured amplitude of the synodic chopping l l-sin ( )1 2 term in the fit to Kepler-9, as well as the l l-cos ( )1 2 term, which is predicted to be zero; dark (light) red is 1(2)σ confidence region. These are compared to the 2:1 resonant mass for = Åm M35.62 (blue; from TTVs) and = Åm M552 (green; from RV). https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-the-b-jet-cross-section-in-events-with-a-z-38ip1hrzdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-invariant-mass-of-the-dilepton-pair-for-the-sample-1un461yy.png FIG. 1. The invariant mass of the dilepton pair for the sample with jets with EjetT > 20 GeV and j jetj< 1:5 compared with the expectation from signal and background sources. The Drell-Yan Monte Carlo has been normalized to the luminosity of the data sample assuming the NNLO Drell-Yan cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-invariant-mass-of-the-dilepton-pair-for-the-sample-mt1gv2ty.png FIG. 2. The invariant mass of the dilepton pair for the sample with positively tagged jets with EjetT > 20 GeV and j jetj< 1:5 compared with the expectation from signal and background sources. The Drell-Yan Monte Carlo has been scaled by the factors determined in Sec. V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-mass-at-the-secondary-vertex-ms-for-a-24wq0njp.png FIG. 3 (color online). The mass at the secondary vertex, MS, for (a) positively and (b) negatively tagged jets with EjetT > 20 GeV and j jetj< 1:5. The non-Drell-Yan background has been subtracted from the data. The data are compared with the sum of the light, c and b Monte Carlo templates after being scaled by the factors l, c, and b, respectively. The open white area represents the light quark template, the lightly shaded are the c quark template and the dark shaded are the b quark template. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-systematic-uncertainties-on-the-cross-section-2mbmu9wq.png TABLE I. The systematic uncertainties on the cross section and ratio measurements. The total systematic uncertainty on each measurement is estimated by adding the individual uncertainties in quadrature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ejett-and-jet-distributions-for-generic-jets-with-15gnbpyx.png FIG. 4. The EjetT and jet distributions for generic jets with EjetT > 20 GeV and j jetj< 1:5. The Drell-Yan Monte Carlo has been scaled such that the total number of jets in the simulation is the same as in the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-ejett-and-jet-distributions-for-2x50fuvd.png FIG. 5 (color online). The EjetT and jet distributions for positively tagged jets with EjetT > 20 GeV and j jetj< 1:5. The nonDrell-Yan background has been subtracted from the data. The data are compared with the sum of the light, c and b contributions after being scaled by the factors l, c, and b, respectively (see Sec. V). The open white area represents the light quark template, the lightly shaded are the c quark template and the dark shaded are the b quark template. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-the-longitudinal-phase-space-at-the-photo-xxiba8bv0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-resolution-of-the-different-aerogels-and-lzlgzg53.png Table 1: Time resolution of the different aerogels and Aluminium window; the thickness of the aerogel is chosen to obtain the same number of photons for all samples. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-thin-liquid-film-drainage-using-a-novel-high-4q067gbmj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-count-vs-time-data-from-an-approach-recede-2gpqimmm.png FIG. 5. Typical count vs time data from an approach–recede experiment for multiple compressions of the same drop. The films consist of dodecane; the water phases contain 2500 ppm SDS~4 mL drop, 25% compression!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequence-of-events-in-a-static-drop-experiment-2uu1rdqd.png FIG. 3. Sequence of events in a static drop experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-percentage-compression-on-the-drainage-of-3jgzzlyu.png FIG. 6. Effect of percentage compression on the drainage of dodecane films. The water phases contain 250 ppm Neodol 91-6~4 mL drops!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-major-tfia-components-3878cd5r.png FIG. 2. Block diagram of major TFIA components. https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-and-analysis-of-multistatic-and-multimodal-2f982gnp49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-micro-doppler-signature-of-the-fan-a-monostatic-radar-2x3jsbqc.png Fig. 4. Micro-Doppler signature of the fan; a) Monostatic Radar, b) Monostatic ultrasound and c) bistatic ultrasound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-view-of-the-experimental-setup-isfrcm7k.png Fig. 1. Top view of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sensor-parameters-1hfq1m6m.png TABLE I SENSOR PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photo-of-the-fan-and-a-sketch-of-the-personnel-target-6b5npe2l.png Fig. 3. Photo of the fan and a sketch of the personnel target measured in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photo-of-the-experimental-setup-the-rotating-fan-was-784gn8tf.png Fig. 2. Photo of the experimental setup. The rotating fan was positioned so to form an aspect angle of about 45 degrees with respect to both the monostatic and the bistatic channels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correct-classification-performance-pcc-of-the-k-nn-1m2ahzqp.png TABLE II CORRECT CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE (Pcc) OF THE K-NN CLASSIFIER (OBTAINED WITH 5MS-LONG WINDOWS AND USING 15 MAIN TARGET FEATURES). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-micro-doppler-signature-of-the-personnel-target-a-xm3j8qte.png Fig. 5. Micro-Doppler signature of the personnel target; a) Monostatic Radar, b) Monostatic ultrasound and c) bistatic ultrasound. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correct-classification-performance-pcc-of-the-2u515g4j.png TABLE III CORRECT CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE (Pcc) OF THE NAÏVE BAYSIAN CLASSIFIER (OBTAINED WITH 5MS-LONG WINDOWS AND USING 15 MAIN TARGET FEATURES) https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-of-ammonia-at-blodgett-forest-1pv87t02sh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-the-air-sampling-manifold-w6feutvv.png Fig 2. Schematic illustration of the air sampling manifold with critical orifice flow inlet and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-series-of-nh3-mixing-ratio-showing-transient-2gzcnscr.png Fig 3. Time series of NH3 mixing ratio showing transient decay following removal of NH3 span gas from zero air flow to instrument inlet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-power-spectra-of-covariance-in-vertical-wind-speed-2xd1thcb.png Figure 7. Power spectra of covariance in vertical wind speed with sonic temperature, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-nh3-mixing-ratio-and-aerosol-gas-1wpub6og.png Fig 6. Comparison of NH3 mixing ratio and aerosol-gas equilibrium partitioning https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cattle-stocking-area-and-estimated-nh3-flux-by-1g3ubl3y.png Table 1. Cattle stocking, area, and estimated NH3 flux by county. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-measured-hourly-nh3-mixing-ratios-from-lbnl-system-2pdqlom9.png Figure 11. Measured hourly NH3 mixing ratios from LBNL system (black points), DRI 12 hour integrated sampler results (blue points), and predicted NH3 mixing ratios predicted from the back trajectory calculations and cattle-only NH3 emission inventory. Predicted NH3 is scaled to fit on plot so that NH3 predicted without deposition (red line) is scaled by a factor of 0.5, while NH3 predicted with deposition (green line) is scaled by a factor of 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-map-of-california-showing-estimated-nh3-emissions-3g4e98j8.png Figure 10. Map of California showing estimated NH3 emissions (ng NH3 m-2 s-1) and example 12hr back trajectory calculation of particles reaching BFRS at midday on June 12th, 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-nh3-mixing-ratios-ppb-from-dri-filter-2wdltyq6.png Table 2. Comparison of NH3 mixing ratios (ppb) from DRI filter samples and averages https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-the-spectroscopy-of-orbitally-excited-b-3q6ag5hdyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sources-of-systematic-uncertainty-and-their-bs1ve9i4.png Table 4 Sources of systematic uncertainty and their estimated contributions to the errors of the measured values. Effects due to correlations between the quantities are taken into consideration in the total error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spin-states-of-the-i-1-bu-d-mesons-with-the-expected-p15dbmpj.png Table 1 Spin states of the I = 1 Bu d mesons with the expected relative production rates according to spin counting (2 J +1) and the associated decay modes and transitions predicted by spin-parity conservation. https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-of-the-optical-constants-of-scandium-in-the-50-3mjq7nc9tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-this-graph-shows-the-optical-constants-for-d-and-b-19lwwmqf.png Figure 6. This graph shows the optical constants for δ and β over the entire EUV and soft X-ray range. Notice the good agreement with the results of Uspenskii et. al. for lower photon energies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-optical-constants-near-the-scandium-l23-edge-1lvsysbr.png Figure 7. The optical constants near the Scandium L2,3 edge. Notice the drop in δ is lower than in the tabulated values which increases the theoretical reflectivity of Sc containing multilayer mirrors in this region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-reflectivity-modeled-with-the-old-and-new-3r6l563e.png Figure 8. The reflectivity modeled with the old and new optical constants for a Cr/Sc mirror are compared with measurements. The mirror parameters were d =1.6205 nm, Γ = .66 and N = 300 bilayers. Note the improved agreement with the new optical constants especially near the edge. The highest reflectivity occurs at 398 eV just below the Sc L3 edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-reflectivity-of-the-cr-sc-multilayer-at-72-degrees-tgcfjr7v.png Figure 9. Reflectivity of the Cr/Sc multilayer at 72 degrees where the Bragg peak occurs above the Sc L edge. The model using the new optical constants better fits the side peak near 400 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-transmission-versus-energy-of-four-si-sc-si-3i0b5h6v.png Figure 1. The transmission versus energy of four Si/Sc/Si films with Sc thickness of 49, 100, 193, and 486 nm. The structure is due to the L-absorption edges of Silicon (100 eV) and Sc (400 eV) and the K edge of carbon at 284 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-transmission-near-the-scandium-l23-edge-the-two-3lhbppi9.png Figure 2. The transmission near the Scandium L2,3 edge. The two dips in reflectivity represent the two edges. Also note that on the thick 486nm sample the two edges are washed out due to the background of scattered light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-transmission-extrapolated-to-zero-sc-thickness-1sjvhutb.png Figure 4. The transmission extrapolated to zero Sc thickness, T0 as a function of photon energy. Please note the Silicon L2,3 edge (100 eV), the carbon K edge (284eV) and the oxygen K edge (543eV) . The lack of an Argon L2,3 edge (250eV, 248eV) is consistent with RBS measurements. The fit to the calculated data is composed of 20nm photoresist, 7nm Si, and 3nm SiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fitting-of-m-versus-thickness-at-photon-energies-of-2t9fn21x.png Figure 3. Fitting of μ versus thickness at photon energies of 150, 600, and 900 eV. The dashed lines are fits where the slope is -μρ. https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-on-the-reality-of-the-wavefunction-ok4cjvd7ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-for-probing-the-reality-of-the-wavefunction-a-a-3vmfxdjs.png FIG. 2. Scheme for probing the reality of the wavefunction. a A d-dimensional system is prepared in a state from the set {|ψj〉} and then subjected to measurements {Mj1j2}. b Experimental implementation. Pairs of single photons are created via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) crystal pumped by a 410 nm diode laser[30]. The heralded signal photon is prepared in the initial state |H〉 by means of a Glan-Taylor polariser (GT). The subsequent half-wave plate (HWP) defines the relative amplitudes of the initially populated modes |1〉 and |2〉. A calcite beam-displacer (BD) separates the orthogonal polarisation components and a set of HWPs is used to adjust the relative amplitudes of all the basis states |0〉, |1〉, |2〉 (and |3〉 for the ququart). The same setup in reverse is used to perform the measurements {Mj1j2}. Using only one output port of the final analysing polariser and one single-photon detector (APD) ensures maximal fidelity of the measurement process. Furthermore, while additional quarter-wave plates (QWPs) could be used to access the full (complex) state space, this is not necessary for the present experiment. Hence, the QWPs were not used to allow for higher accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ontological-models-for-quantum-theory-a-pure-quantum-2zgc5zog.png FIG. 1. Ontological models for quantum theory. a Pure quantum states |φ〉 and |ψ〉 correspond to unit vectors in a d-dimensional Hilbert space. b-c In ontological models every quantum state |ψ〉 is associated with a probability distribution µψ over the set of ontic states λ. b In a ψ-ontic model, the distributions are disjoint for any pair of non-identical pure quantum states, such that the state itself can be regarded as an ontic element of the objective reality. c In ψ-epistemic models, the probability distributions can overlap and the quantum state is not uniquely determined by the underlying ontic state λ. https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-of-the-rate-of-type-ia-supernovae-at-redshift-0-5go3c1msfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bias-dn-n-in-an-observed-distribution-of-sne-with-a-qmhn87fm.png Figure 4. Bias, ΔN/N , in an observed distribution of SNe, with a typical error in the measured redshifts (Section 3.3) and discovery efficiency (Section 3.1) as determined for the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. The bias is plotted for a range of power-law SN rate models, r(z) = Ap (1 + z)ν . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-redshift-distribution-for-spectroscopically-2zmktxn0.png Figure 5. Redshift distribution for spectroscopically confirmed non-Ia SNe for the 2005–2007 observing seasons of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standard-deviation-of-the-sn-photo-z-estimates-as-a-lum5qyal.png Figure 3. Standard deviation of the SN photo-z estimates as a function of fitted photo-z. The points show the mean value of the photo-z error, in bins of width δz = 0.05. The error bars represent the uncertainty in the mean, and the solid line represents the best-fit power law for the interval 0 < z < 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sn-rate-versus-redshift-12p739n8.png Table 5 SN Rate versus Redshift https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photo-z-light-curve-fits-to-an-sn-ia-model-for-the-12sras54.png Figure 6. Photo-z light-curve fits, to an SN Ia model, for the non-Ia SNe SDSS-SN 8679 (top left panel), SDSS-SN 14492 (top right panel), and SDSS-SN 17422 (bottom right panel). The points represent the observed SN magnitudes, as a function of time, in the observer frame. The solid lines represent the best-fitting model light curves, for the SDSS g, r, and i filter bands, and the dashed lines represent the corresponding 1σ MLCS2k2 model errors. For clarity, the g, r, and i light curves are offset by +0, +1, and +2 mag, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sn-ia-rate-as-a-function-of-redshift-for-the-3d1i5kjn.png Figure 10. SN Ia rate as a function of redshift for the present work, along with a selection of measurements from the literature. For the measurements presented in this work, the redshift is the median redshift of running bins of size Δz = 0.05, and the SN rate is computed assuming that the rate is constant in each bin. The thick error bars denote the statistical uncertainty, while the thin error bars denote the systematic uncertainty. The solid line shows the best-fit power-law rate model, and the dotted lines the 1σ uncertainty of the best-fit model. The dashed line shows the best-fit power-law rate model (plotted only for z 0.12), assuming a larger mean value of dust extinction (Section 4.1), and the dash-dotted line shows the corresponding 1σ uncertainty of the rate model. Some of the SN Ia rate measurements from the literature have been offset in redshift for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-core-collapse-contamination-fraction-vs-326r64y7.png Figure 7. Estimated core-collapse contamination fraction vs. redshift. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-sne-ia-for-rate-measurement-36tyz1xp.png Table 1 Number of SNe Ia for Rate Measurement https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-and-analysing-the-chain-of-implicit-trust-a-study-22eqh0vxlh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-dataset-for-different-ranges-of-the-1zwl19dr.png Table 1. Overview of the dataset for different ranges of the Alexa ranking. The rows indicate the proportion of Alexa’s Top-X websites (with rank values lie in the rank-range such as 1-10K and 1-200K) that explicitly and implicitly trust at least one third-party (i) resource (of any type); and (ii) JavaScript code. It shows that 95% of websites import external resources, with 91% importing externally hosted JavaScript codes. Moreover, around 50% of the websites do rely on implicit trust chains, i.e., they allow third-parties to load further third-parties on their behalf. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-cdf-of-dependency-chain-lengths-broken-down-into-3n557jdi.png Fig. 3. (a) CDF of dependency chain lengths (broken down into categories of first-party websites); and (b) distribution of third-party websites across various categories and levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-figure-a-depicts-the-number-of-suspicious-javascript-vw6ocswj.png Fig. 5. Figure (a) depicts the number of suspicious JavaScript content imported (explicitly and implicitly) by first-party domains shown according to their Alexa ranking; and (b) shows the number of impacted first-party domains as function of the ranking of domains of suspicious JavaScript codes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-top-5-most-prevalent-suspicious-third-party-domains-roo9kvlu.png Table 5. Top 5 most prevalent suspicious third-party domains (with VTscore ≥ 10) on level 1 (explicit trust) and beyond (implicit trust) providing resources to first-parties. Here, First-party domains having the corresponding suspicious third-party domain in their chain of dependency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cdf-of-vtscores-for-javascript-programs-with-vtscores-36rf14pr.png Fig. 8. CDF of VTscores for JavaScript programs (with VTscores > 0) at different levels in the chain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-top-5-suspicious-javascript-codes-with-dropfiles-i-e-1gbjw7wx.png Table 8. Top 5 suspicious JavaScript codes with dropfiles (i.e., executables such as malware, Exploitkits, Trojans, etc. are exploiting the browser to download and execute code without user consent) at explicit and implicit dependency level. AdCB means Adware and Click Bots. Note that PDF readers may render these suspicious links and expose readers of the paper to potential risks; therefore, we have replaced http:// with hxxp:// to avoid PDF rendering and potential risks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-breakdown-of-resource-types-requested-by-the-top-1786eysf.png Table 2. Breakdown of resource types requested by the Top-200K websites across each level in the dependency chain. Total column refers to the number of resource calls made at each level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-histogram-of-type-of-malware-i-e-dropfiles-as-per-1g8vpytp.png Fig. 13. Histogram of type of malware (i.e., dropfiles) as per VirusTotal reports (cf. Section 2.2). https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-and-predicting-heterogeneous-recessions-3lgc02my3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-univariate-ms-ar-models-log-predictive-mfzze163.png Table 1: Comparison of univariate MS-AR models: Log predictive likelihood values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-posterior-regime-probabilities-for-selected-models-2j0hfn8j.png Figure 2: Posterior regime probabilities for selected models of the CEI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-posterior-regime-probabilities-for-selected-models-1f8tbm41.png Figure 3: Posterior regime probabilities for selected models of IP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-growth-rates-of-coincident-economic-1cmr8f4v.png Figure 1: Average growth rates of coincident economic indicators over the course of recessions and expansions during the period January 1960 - October 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-posterior-recession-probabilities-and-credit-2x88oxis.png Figure 8: Posterior recession probabilities and credit spreads between corporate bonds of different quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-posterior-results-for-three-regime-ms-var-model-for-yt93gzu8.png Table 6: Posterior results for three regime MS-VAR model for IP and LEI with asymmetric synchronization, homoskedastic shocks and a structural break in the variances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-posterior-probabilities-of-regimes-of-ip-and-lei-1omrmrll.png Figure 5: Posterior probabilities of regimes of IP and LEI https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-posterior-results-of-selected-univariate-markov-2um4sosx.png Table 2: Posterior results of selected univariate Markov-switching models for the CEI https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-influence-in-dynamic-regression-models-2phz0qv34s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-1eqi9ouv.png Table 4.4 https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-readiness-and-success-at-a-higher-education-37ah1sfc2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-25dg18tu.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-streptococcus-mutans-streptococcus-sanguinis-and-j9qnv4l1kr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cell-index-variations-of-s-mutans-atcc25175-light-14milb6t.png Figure 2. Cell index variations of S. mutans ATCC25175 (light grey), S. sanguinis 179 ATCC10556 (coral) and mixed growth (red) biofilm formation on TSB+1%S, with the sterility 180 control (only TSB+1%S) shown in black. 181 182 183 When growing the C. albicans and the streptococci on UFTYE+1%S, their adhesion patterns 184 differed to those on YPD and TSB+1%S, respectively. While C. albicans formed biofilms on 185 this medium, S. mutans and S. sanguinis did not adhere to the well surface/form EPS. However, 186 when the organisms were combined, the adhesion dynamics changed considerably (Figure 3): 187 in the case of C. albicans and S. mutans, the mixed growth resulted in higher CI readings 188 between 9 hours and 14 hours, after which the values remained below those of C. albicans (3a). 189 In the case of C. albicans and S. sanguinis mixed growth, the adhesion started off in between 190 the curves for the individual species but surpassed that of C. albicans after 40 hours of 191 incubation (3b). A very similar pattern was seen when all three species were combined (3c). 192 193 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-index-variations-of-c-albicans-atcc90028-light-1c0qc8t7.png Figure 1. Cell index variations of C. albicans ATCC90028 (light green) biofilm formation on 163 YPD broth, with the sterility control (only YPD broth) shown in black. 164 165 166 In the case of the streptococci grown on TSB+1%S, a similar pattern was observed for S. 167 mutans, which showed a much higher biofilm/EPS formation than S. sanguinis (Figure 2). The 168 adhesion of S. sanguinis, however, was seen to take place before that of S. mutans (with the 169 maximum adhesion levels being reached at 9 hours and 16 hours respectively) and to reduce 170 over time, with the mixed growth biofilm following a similar trend to that of S. sanguinis 171 (Figure 2). The adhesion results on TSB+1%S clearly showed that in the presence of S. 172 sanguinis, S. mutans adhesion is decreased. When performing the toxicity testing it was noted 173 that S. mutans grew at a slower rate when in the presence of the S. sanguinis supernatant. There 174 was no toxicity-associated growth reduction observed with the other streptococcal and C. 175 albicans combinations of organisms and supernatants. 176 177 https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-student-experience-relationships-between-teaching-9gavoxkpn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-the-good-teaching-scale-24qxqscb.png Table 4.2: The Good Teaching Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-new-tqi-administered-at-four-universities-36fshcrx.png Table 4.1: New TQI administered at four universities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-15-scale-mean-score-relationships-ceq-and-1py253fn.png Figure 4.15 Scale mean score relationships: CEQ and University of Tasmania https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-14-fit-mean-square-ceq-and-university-of-tasmania-34ifere3.png Figure 4.14: Fit (mean square): CEQ and University of Tasmania items https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-institution-specific-items-2b112e1t.png Table 4.7: Institution-specific items https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-the-distribution-of-the-number-of-courses-per-35p2vzbf.png Table 5.1: The distribution of the number of courses per reporting student. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-the-results-of-the-tests-of-hypotheses-of-the-30v0tkud.png Table 5.5: The results of the tests of hypotheses of the parameters estimated in model (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-11-coefficient-estimates-across-the-dependent-1n3m2lzf.png Table 5.11: Coefficient estimates across the dependent variables using model #1 which uses the course code from the University of Melbourne for the definition of the fixed effects. 21 https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-density-of-dingo-teeth-with-machine-vision-2vz738m0qu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stages-in-constructing-the-slice-17us9p9y.png Figure 2. Stages in constructing the ‘slice’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-displaying-the-captured-data-wyladx3m.png Figure 1. Displaying the captured data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-and-right-estimates-of-the-slice-2pbk67ue.png Figure 3. Left and right estimates of the slice. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-centrality-of-the-references-in-scientific-vwe244dw2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-citations-distribution-granularity-2g0ncqjf.png Figure 1: Example of citations’ distribution granularity – yellow color: Hatchuel’s citations, blue color: Cook’s citation and orange color: Chatzis’s citation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-citation-ranking-from-weight-settings-a-0-8-0-1-0-1-2q0eh05y.png Table 1: Citation ranking from weight settings. (a) = 0.8, = 0.1, = 0.1 (b) = 0.1, = 0.8, = 0.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-centrality-indicators-estimation-purple-refers-to-1sc09m8c.png Figure 2: Centrality indicators’ Estimation. Purple refers to annotation and extraction processes of references, red to the estimation of the indicators and orange to the output of the paper enriched by the centrality values. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-cyclicality-of-real-wages-how-important-is-c207f6h92n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-34-klem-data-regressions-3bvqf43w.png Table 2: Summary Statistics for 34 KLEM Data Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-458-nber-productivity-fh6ikv35.png Table 1: Summary Statistics for 458 NBER Productivity Database Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-klem-coe-cients-by-industry-1gbz4bag.png Table 3: KLEM Coe cients by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-coe-cients-for-458-nber-productivity-2q7t6n80.png Figure 1: Regression Coe cients for 458 NBER Productivity Database Industries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-coe-cients-for-34-klem-industries-115biezu.png Figure 2: Regression Coe cients for 34 KLEM Industries https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-international-digital-divide-an-application-of-42zqvm0u5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kohonen-u-matrix-tq634myc.png Figure 1 Kohonen U-matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-variables-1jan26p6.png Table 1 Description of variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kohonen-components-maps-by-group-on-each-row-24vxv45a.png Figure 4 Kohonen components maps (by group on each row: Digital development, Economic, Infrastructure, Demographic and Risk) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interpretation-of-dimensions-2nggjyxh.png Figure 5 Interpretation of dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subgroups-identified-by-the-u-matrix-2f7akmmp.png Figure 3 Subgroups identified by the U-matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-broad-country-clusters-identified-in-the-u-matrix-3b2jpv27.png Table 2 Broad country clusters identified in the U-matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-broad-groups-identified-in-the-u-matrix-35od3xtu.png Figure 2 Broad groups identified in the U-matrix https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-effective-complexity-of-cosmological-models-564qk4lqjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-bayesian-effective-complexity-cb-solid-1xosb23p.png FIG. 1 (color online). Bayesian effective complexity Cb (solid black line, left-hand vertical scale) and model likelihood (red circles, right-hand scale) as a function of the number of parameters, for d 10 data points with small noise. The dashed blue line is the number of parameters for reference. The errorbars on the model likelihood values are smaller than the symbols on this scale, while the Bayesian complexity is independent of the noise realization (i.e., error-free) for linear models. The Bayesian analysis correctly concludes that the best model is the one with n 6 parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-as-in-fig-1-but-now-with-p-10-data-points-3iyb8i9d.png FIG. 3 (color online). As in Fig. 1, but now with p 10 data points and large noise. As in Fig. 2, the maximum complexity supported by the data is smaller than the underlying true model complexity, m 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-as-in-fig-1-but-now-using-only-p-4-data-2y5gwhfo.png FIG. 2 (color online). As in Fig. 1, but now using only p 4 data points. The maximum effective complexity that the data can support is Cb 4, and the flattening of the model likelihood at the same value does not allow to conclude that models with more parameters are disfavored. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-we-plot-the-model-likelihood-normalized-to-the-model-1bteunvu.png FIG. 4. We plot the model likelihood (normalized to the model with the most parameters) versus the Bayesian effective complexity for the models of Table I (using WMAP 3 yr data). A downward-pointing arrow indicates the Bayesian complexity of models that lie outside the boundary of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relative-model-likelihood-normalized-to-the-model-kzalh9ly.png TABLE I. Relative model likelihood (normalized to the model with the most parameters) with WMAP 3 yr data and effective Bayesian complexity for the models discussed in the text. C0 gives the number of parameters of the model. The error on the effective complexity was computed from random subchains and represents only the statistical error. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-reader-self-perceptions-of-adolescents-485p4j16a5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-by-scale-and-grade-level-l0deu2av.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics by Scale and Grade Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reader-self-perception-scale-rsps2-percentiles-by-385eb2at.png Table 3. Reader Self-Perception Scale (RSPS2): Percentiles by Scale Score https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-items-and-internal-consistency-20sjjzli.png Table 1. Number of Items and Internal Consistency Reliabilities for Each Scale (n = 3,030) Scale Number of items Alpha reliabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reader-self-perception-scale-rsps2-percentiles-by-2g3aqx2s.png Table 3. Reader Self-Perception Scale (RSPS2): Percentiles by Scale Score https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-mass-of-missing-baryons-in-the-halo-of-vsxf9ba5hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-diagrammatic-sketch-of-m31-coordinate-system-fuhbhk10.png Figure 1. The diagrammatic sketch of M31 coordinate system and the geometry between M31 and Earth. The M31 coordinate system is symmetric with respect to the axis perpendicular with disk plane. The angle between the north pole and Earth is 103◦. The shaded rectangle is the element volume in the integration with the coordinate (r, α, ψ). φ is the open angle between the earth and the element volume. The spherical triangular highlighted by purple dashes is used to calculate φ. d is the distance between the element volume and Earth and θ is the viewing angle, which can be calculated from r, φ,R using simple geometric relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-star-formation-history-for-m31-from-present-to-14-16sz99as.png Figure 2. Star formation history for M31 from present to 14 Gyr ago from Padova stellar evolution models (Williams et al. 2017). The gray band shows the error region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constraints-on-the-bout-for-gas-distribution-beyond-2geipd6m.png Table 1. Constraints on the βout for gas distribution beyond 50 kpc and the total baryon mass enclosed in the halo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-parameters-of-gas-density-profile-within-50-kpc-1cmuum48.png Figure 3. The parameters of gas density profile within 50 kpc. The gray and purple region marks different constraints on parameters from observation. The darkest region with black border marks the final employed parameter region. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-unidimensional-inequality-practical-framework-for-p44z1z4q9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-indexes-of-economic-inequality-between-countries-2f1e5t6f.png Fig. 7 Indexes of economic inequality between countries grouped by regions for years 1990 to 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-groups-used-for-the-empirical-application-of-2352ch0d.png Table 2 Groups used for the empirical application of inequality between countries grouped by 6 socioeconomic classes 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-selected-publications-per-year-of-2dtj0oi7.png Fig. 1 Number of selected publications per year of publication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lorenz-curve-a-bonferroni-curve-b-and-zenga-curve-c-67xiqxn4.png Fig. 3 Lorenz curve (a), Bonferroni curve (b) and Zenga curve (c) for lognormal distributions of population’s income with standard deviations= 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and for distributions with perfect equality (red) and total inequality (blue) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-indexes-of-economic-inequality-between-countries-3i0ru9jo.png Fig. 10 Indexes of economic inequality between countries grouped by education levels for years 1990 to 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-indexes-of-economic-inequality-between-countries-3pxycfog.png Fig. 9 Indexes of economic inequality between countries grouped by education levels for years 1990 to 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-standardised-indexes-of-economic-inequality-between-22ibdnab.png Fig. 8 Standardised indexes of economic inequality between countries grouped by regions for years 1990 to 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-indexes-of-economic-inequality-between-countries-for-2ayh6n1a.png Fig. 5 Indexes of economic inequality between countries for years 1990 to 2015 https://scispace.com/papers/meat-morals-relationship-between-meat-consumption-consumer-4bastq4klo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-human-concern-attitudes-to-predict-diet-choice-36mzdk55.png Table 3 Human concern attitudes to predict diet choice https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-animal-welfare-attitudes-to-predict-diet-choice-2rmodaj6.png Table 2 Animal welfare attitudes to predict diet choice https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-geqbgdhs.png Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-and-structural-consequences-of-associative-dnecc9wulx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-vitrimers-2ekscvyy.png Table 2. Properties of vitrimers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photograph-of-block-66-each-sample-is-approximately-colu96vy.png Figure 3. Photograph of Block-66. Each sample is approximately 20 x 6.5 x 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-depiction-of-different-types-of-network-defects-37su6x79.png Figure 10. Depiction of different types of network defects that can occur in the block copolymer vitrimers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-pnba-b-paaea-prepolymers-1j1u3l7s.png Table 1. Characteristics of PnBA-b-PAAEA prepolymers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-of-the-proposed-formation-of-cross-linked-2uhurecb.png Figure 8. Schematic of the proposed formation of cross-linked hyperbranched polymers and topological transformation to networks upon removal of solvent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-dls-data-for-solutions-of-cross-linked-block-34-2aqr1vun.png Figure 2. (a) DLS data for solutions of cross-linked Block-34. Adding TREN to a 170 mg/mL THF solution of Block-34 shows that the formation of nanoscale aggregates is relatively fast. Nanoparticles do not change in size after 18 hours. (b) DOSY NMR of Block-34 in THF-d8 (10 mg/mL) before and after the addition of TREN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-representative-stress-relaxation-data-at-160-degc-12jqhk22.png Figure 5. (a) Representative stress relaxation data at 160 °C. (b) Arrhenius plots for stress relaxation in the range of 160–190 °C. (c) Full stress relaxation profile for Block-48-Net at 190°C. (d) Continuous relaxation spectrum for (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-morphological-characteristics-of-block-prepolymers-u6eqdh2r.png Table 3. Morphological characteristics of block prepolymers and vitrimers https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-performance-of-yew-taxus-baccata-l-from-a-longbow-v4kny7v1e4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-density-mc-and-ec-in-samples-poisdxb8.png Table 2 Density, MC, and EC in samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-data-of-a-yew-longbow-a-a-typical-longbow-the-2c09dvam.png Figure 1 Basic data of a yew longbow. (a) A typical longbow; the dark heartwood (hw) is on the concave (belly) and the lighter sapwood (sw) is on the convex (back) side (Photo: Alexander Ravenna). (b) Schematic drawing of the bow model including length L 1800 mm and height h 30 mm, length of the string Ls 1740 mm, and distance between the supports d 90 mm (representing the bowyer’s hand). Undrawn position (left) and drawn position (right). (c) Cross-section of the bow model consisting of a juvenile (j) wood and mature (m) wood section with stiffness Ej and Em, respectively. The image displays the distance to the centroid of each subsection (yj and ym) and the distance to the centroid and thereby the neutral axis of the whole cross-section zmax. The width and height of each subsection (wj, wm, hj, and hm) were used as input data for calculation of the mechanical performance of the model bow. (The total height h of the cross-section is also displayed in (b).) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-force-deflection-curves-from-small-samples-loaded-2hov6j1r.png Figure 3 Force-deflection curves from small samples loaded in FPBT: (a) yew YEWb, (b) juniper JUNb, and (c) pine PINEb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stress-strain-curves-for-samples-loaded-in-a-2mexcslx.png Figure 2 Stress-strain curves for samples loaded in (a) tension and (b) compression: (I) extracted yew heartwood, (II) nonextracted yew heartwood, (III) juniper, and (IV) pine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-theoretical-values-as-a-function-of-juvenile-wood-37t22x3r.png Figure 4 Theoretical values as a function of juvenile wood moiety in a longbow model: (a) force, (b) deflection, and (c) EEA. The cross-section is set to consist of juvenile wood on the compression side (“belly”) and mature wood on the tension side (“back”). See Figure 1a–c. The stiffness of the juvenile wood is a factor n stiffer compared with the mature wood, where n is varied from 1.0 to 2.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimized-utilization-of-the-material-which-not-1fuvhvwy.png Figure 5 Optimized utilization of the material, which not necessarily results in optimized performance of the bow: positioning of the D-shaped bow cross-sections in the yew stem: (a) back side (tension) and (b) belly side (compression). https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-properties-improvement-evaluation-of-medium-4ijgtcusmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ultimate-tensile-strength-against-heating-temperature-1653y0no.png Fig. 8: Ultimate tensile strength against heating temperature at 60 mins soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ultimate-tensile-strength-against-heating-temperature-1c0yhew8.png Fig. 6: Ultimate tensile strength against heating temperature at 30 mins soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ultimate-tensile-strength-against-heating-temperature-2not1rkx.png Fig. 7: Ultimate tensile strength against heating temperature at 45 mins soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-medium-carbon-steel-3733c76w.png Table 1: Chemical composition of the medium carbon steel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-yield-strength-against-heating-temperature-at-60-mins-3301bhvq.png Fig. 11: Yield strength against heating temperature at 60 mins soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-yield-strength-against-heating-temperature-at-45-mins-10qzh18c.png Fig. 10: Yield strength against heating temperature at 45 mins soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-yield-strength-against-heating-temperature-at-30-mins-24fini56.png Fig. 9: Yield strength against heating temperature at 30 mins soaking time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hardness-test-specimen-1uwjdq93.png Fig. 1: Hardness test specimen. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-properties-of-an-extruded-wood-plastic-composite-31a3tvbpzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-and-fitted-tension-stress-strain-curves-3pz3tjpn.png Fig. 2. Experimental and fitted tension stress strain curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-properties-of-wpc-product-ikjkrt62.png Table 2. Mechanical properties of WPC product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-wood-hdpe-and-wpc-mechanical-behaviour-2mj0tbwt.png Fig. 4. Comparison of wood, HDPE and WPC mechanical behaviour in tension and compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-failure-appearance-of-wpc-33a7ck10.png Fig. 5. Failure appearance of WPC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-raw-material-properties-2f9xts92.png Table 1. Raw material properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wood-fibres-morphological-characteristics-3psntz1x.png Fig. 1. Wood fibres morphological characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-and-fitted-bending-stress-strain-curves-d2wsptkt.png Fig. 3. Experimental and fitted bending stress strain curves. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanics-of-antigen-extraction-in-the-b-cell-synapse-i3625ygtox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cellular-organisation-within-the-lymph-node-1ukkxt6j.png Figure 1. Cellular organisation within the lymph node. Antigens arriving from the lymph can be captured by subcapsular sinus macrophages and transported to the follicle for presentation to B cells. Both cognate and noncognate B cells can capture antigen from https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-bond-rupture-sites-in-the-b-cell-synapse-28ubss50.png Figure 3. Potential bond rupture sites in the B cell synapse. (A) Antigens are displayed by APCs through chain of molecules that include tethering proteins (antibodies and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-influence-of-molecular-stiffness-on-bond-rupture-a-3lkjpzkd.png Figure 2. Influence of molecular stiffness on bond rupture. (A) The strength of an intermolecular bond is a dynamic property that depends upon the stiffness of the molecules involved. Bonds formed between molecules of low stiffness are likely to survive for a longer period of time, but rupture at lower forces, compared to bonds formed between molecules of high stiffness. (B) Bond rupture forces can be predicted using the Bell model (Eq. 2) [77,84,87]. For a bond separated at a constant speed of 100 nm/s (unloaded velocity of myosin) [154] that has a zero-force half-life of 30 minutes, the model predicts that increasing molecular stiffness from 0.1 to 1000 pN/nm would cause a ~2.4-fold increase in the bond rupture force. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanism-of-bending-electrostriction-in-thermoplastic-5c4qbspk9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-space-charge-distribution-curve-a-and-calculated-303uqigv.png FIG. 6. Space-charge distribution curve~a! and calculated electric field distribution curve ~b! in the polyurethane film in field region II at 518 min ~after reversing the polarity!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-calculated-space-charge-distribution-curve-a-and-255knxfl.png FIG. 8. Calculated space-charge distribution curve~a! and calculated electric field distribution curve~b! in the polyurethane film in field region II at t560 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-calculated-bending-displacements-a-in-region-i-and-b-2vdvrwbg.png FIG. 9. Calculated bending displacements~a! in region I and~b! in region II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-time-profile-of-the-application-of-voltage-across-2ye5v9x6.png FIG. 1. ~a! Time profile of the application of voltage across the polyurethane ~PU!. ~b! The charging and reverse charging currents under the application of the on/off electric field.~c! The bending displacement of PU film under the application of the on/off electric field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-calculatedj-t-curves-a-in-region-i-and-b-region-ii-323et6x4.png FIG. 3. The calculatedJ-t curves~a! in region I and~b! region II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-diagram-of-the-polyurethane-film-b-the-schematic-1acjzi9i.png FIG. 2. ~a! Diagram of the polyurethane film.~b! The schematic bending diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-space-charge-distribution-curve-a-and-2u713qru.png FIG. 4. Calculated space-charge distribution curve~a! and calculated electric field distribution curve~b! in the polyurethane film in region I att 51 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-space-charge-distribution-curve-a-and-1y4h35eb.png FIG. 5. Calculated space-charge distribution curve~a! and calculated electric field distribution curve~b! in the polyurethane film in region I att 518 min ~before reversing the polarity!. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanism-of-intrinsic-wavelength-tuning-and-sideband-3tq96adbu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-transmission-of-the-soliton-ring-laser-versus-13160dz9.png Fig. 4. System transmission of the soliton ring laser versus the phase shift between two orthogonal-polarization components when u2 2 u1 varies from p/2 to (p/2 1 p/5) and u1 5 45°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-polarization-state-of-the-light-in-3135mdwj.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the polarization state of the light in the mode-locked system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-the-computer-simulation-of-a-jbjaj27b.png Table 1. Parameters Used in the Computer Simulation of a Soliton Laser https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calculated-spectra-of-the-soliton-pulses-for-the-2kbfr406.png Fig. 7. Calculated spectra of the soliton pulses for the linear phase shifts Df equals 0, p/50, and p/30, when the projection angle u1 is chosen to be p/8 or 3p/8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-of-the-compact-soliton-laser-l-4-s39equzc.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup of the compact soliton laser: l/4, quarter-wave plate; l/4, half-wave plate; PS, polarizationdependent isolator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectrum-of-the-mode-locked-output-obtained-from-the-2rs0z9bv.png Fig. 2. Spectrum of the mode-locked output obtained from the soliton laser: (a) and (b) show the two separate ranges of wavelength tuning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-transmission-versus-frequency-shift-for-a-37hy9rmr.png Fig. 5. System transmission versus frequency shift for a central wavelength 1550 nm, and when the system length is equal to 1, 5, and 10 beat lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mode-locked-pulse-spectra-measured-from-the-wdm-and-a-1e8gibve.png Fig. 6. Mode-locked pulse spectra measured from the WDM and a 1% output coupler when the mode-locked wavelength is (a) 1554 nm and (b) 1564 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanisms-determining-the-structure-of-gold-catalyzed-gaas-8uh925dc51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-measured-x-ray-diffraction-profiles-gpo28fgr.png Figure 1: Evolution of measured X-ray diffraction profiles along (1, -1, L) during the growth of Au-assisted GaAs nanowires on GaAs(111)B. Solid lines are simulated results based on the nucleation model described in the text. In the simulation, the fraction of the triple phase line simultaneously shared by the top and side facets, χ, was assumed to increase from χ = 1 at 0 s to χ = 0.950 at 270s according to Eq. (8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-possible-stacking-sequences-of-ga-as-pairs-of-3bhmdcln.png Figure 4: Possible stacking sequences of Ga-As pairs of nuclei on the top facet and the grown crystal. The ZB and WZ stacking sequences are expressed by si = 1 and si = −1, respectively. (a) ZB nucleus on ZB crystal (b) WZ on ZB (c) WZ on WZ and (d) ZB on WZ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulated-x-ray-diffraction-profiles-under-the-18fjexri.png Figure 5: Simulated X-ray diffraction profiles under the assumption that the side surface energy of a nucleus is independent of the preceding crystal structure of the nanowire. The fraction of the triple phase line in contact with side facets of the nanowire was varied from 0 to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-profiles-of-x-ray-diffraction-with-d6raw565.png Figure 7: Simulated profiles of X-ray diffraction with varying the critical supersaturation for nucleation of Ga in the Au-Ga catalyst droplets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-x-ray-diffraction-profiles-with-a-higher-14afsqrm.png Figure 6: Simulated X-ray diffraction profiles with a higher energy barrier for the formation of a wurtzite (zincblende) nucleus on the zincblende (wurtzite) nanowire than on the wurtzite (zincblende) nanowire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-nanowire-diameter-estimated-from-the-2ozxw2cv.png Figure 2: Evolution of nanowire diameter estimated from the width of X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to (a) zincblende and (b) wurtzite structures. The diameter of wurtzite segments was found to be significantly small for a while after the emergence of wurtzite peaks at 120 s, suggesting preferential formation of wurtzite at small catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-view-a-and-side-view-c-of-hexagonal-unit-cell-3mglfzb2.png Figure 3: Top view (a) and side view (c) of hexagonal unit cell of the zincblende GaAs and top view (b) and side view (d) of the wurtzite GaAs. For zincblende GaAs, the c axis is aligned in the surface normal direction, [1̄1̄1̄]cubic. Inplane lattice vectors a and b are defined as [1/2, 0,−1/2]cubic and [0,−1/2, 1/2]cubic, respectively. The minimal component of the unit cell is a pair of Ga and As atoms, which are separated by ∆r in the surface normal direction. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanisms-for-combinatorial-auctions-with-budget-1hthqr8dmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-example-of-superimposition-35rtfxr7.png Table 5: Example of "superimposition" https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-allocation-of-the-base-case-23ac9rrz.png Table 4: Allocation of the base case https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-base-case-triangular-profile-of-size-2-1p3sh3gk.png Table 3: The base case: “triangular” profile of size 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-illustration-of-ispa-2a131wtx.png Table 9: Illustration of ISPA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-illustration-of-maximally-relevant-bundle-1x991evv.png Table 1: Illustration of maximally relevant bundle https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transitions-for-3-bidders-and-3-goods-1l7ia6z1.png Table 2: Transitions for 3 bidders and 3 goods https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-illustration-of-reducing-shapes-13gcl0cr.png Table 12: Illustration of reducing shapes https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-a-counter-example-1d8ymhxb.png Table 10: A counter example https://scispace.com/papers/mechanisms-for-meaningful-consent-in-internet-of-things-1g1pnaevsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-framework-of-apparency-p-s-transparency-for-genq949f.png Figure 2: Framework of Apparency-P/S transparency for meaningful consent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-smart-home-architecture-3u1uzga5.png Figure 1: Example of smart home architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanisms-of-long-term-decay-of-tension-stiffening-uqtyh8fxun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-specimen-t20r3-strain-development-under-load-of-71-kn-3p215zu9.png Fig. 8. Specimen T20R3—strain development under load of 71 kN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-strain-change-at-first-event-1ofsfwvk.png Fig. 6. Strain change at first event https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-strain-change-at-second-event-16wlou40.png Fig. 7. Strain change at second event https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-specimens-tested-at-durham-345cxe60.png Table 1. Details of specimens tested at Durham https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specimen-t20r3-change-in-strain-under-load-of-43-kn-kwdjdjqk.png Fig. 4. Specimen T20R3—change in strain under load of 43 kN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-variation-in-concrete-stress-with-time-for-specimen-3veo3jsq.png Fig. 14. Variation in concrete stress with time for specimen T16R2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-form-of-relationship-between-gradual-strain-3m3cjhwk.png Fig. 13. Form of relationship between gradual strain increments and time for specimen T16R2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-specimen-t20r3-development-of-strain-under-load-of-57-12ta6q0s.png Fig. 5. Specimen T20R3—development of strain under load of 57 kN https://scispace.com/papers/mechanosynthesis-of-bcc-alloys-from-fe50-y-2co50-y-2sn-y-1w15iobcg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-17dewmuv.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-with-milling-time-tm-indicated-on-the-1tjbkp3n.png Figure 1- Evolution with milling time, tm (indicated on the right), of the XRD patterns of mechanically alloyed p-Fe44Co44Sn12 [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rt-119-sn-mossbauer-spectra-of-as-milled-and-34p2n1lq.png Figure 8- RT 119 Sn Mössbauer spectra of as-milled and annealed Fe53.3-0.6xCo46.7-0.4xSnx (samples milled for 10 h are further annealed at 675K for 15h) (every vertical bar represents 1% absorption except for Sn2 where it represents 0.1%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-rt-57-fe-hmfds-of-as-milled-and-of-as-milled-24mk1qxs.png Figure 7- left: RT 57 Fe HMFD’s of as-milled and of as-milled and annealed Fe46Co42Sn12 ; right: evolution with tin content of the 57 Fe mean hyperfine magnetic field <BF>and of the hyperfine magnetic field BMax for annealed alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-with-milling-time-tm-of-the-lattice-1ix6lj3v.png Figure 2- Evolution with milling time, tm, of the lattice parameter of the bcc phase of mechanically alloyed p-Fe44Co44Sn12 as calculated from XRD patterns of figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-part-sem-micrographs-of-p-fe44co44sn12-milled-moog2dl6.png Figure 4- left part: SEM micrographs of p-Fe44Co44Sn12 milled for 0h30: overall view (top) and an enlarged view of the circled particle; Co, Fe, Sn, Co+Fe+Sn X-ray maps of the previous particle; right part: SEM micrographs of p-Cr90Sn10 milled for 0.5h (top) and for 4h (bottom) [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-neutron-diffraction-patterns-l-0-252-nm-of-as-2ptsz0vn.png Figure 6 - Neutron diffraction patterns (λ =0.252 nm) of as-milled Fe53.3-0.6xCo46.7-0.4xSnx alloys (6 ≤ x ≤ 26) annealed at 673K for 15h. [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-room-temperature-57-fe-left-and-119-sn-right-36m905py.png Figure 3- Room temperature 57 Fe (left) and 119 Sn (right) Mössbauer spectra of Fe53.3-0.6xCo46.7-0.4xSnx milled for 10 h [17] (every vertical bar represents 1% and 2% absorption for 57 Fe and 119 Sn respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/mechanochemistry-in-6-cycloparaphenylene-a-combined-raman-4il91f7b7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-models-and-their-notations-f78g09ib.png Table 2. Models and their notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimized-geometries-of-a-t-polymorph-solvent-x7xfel2c.png Figure 3. Optimized geometries of (a) T-polymorph solvent-excluded model (Z=3, Th(ns), top view through the c axis); (b) T-polymorph solvent-included model (Z=3, Tt(s), top view through the c axis); (c) Tpolymorph solvent-included model (Z=3, Tt(s-2-in), top view through the c axis); (d) H-polymorph solventexcluded model (Z=2, Ht(ns), side view through the a axis); (e) H-polymorph solvent-included model (Z=2, Ht(s), side view through the a axis). Carbons are grey, hydrogens are blue and chlorines are green. In the modeling the solvent is dichloromethane as in ref. 39. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-types-of-aggregates-found-in-the-high-1i8q3ldj.png Figure 5. Three types of aggregates found in the high pressure modeling of [6]CPP. (a) Three units of the ladder polymer at P=30 GPa; (b) Three units of the linear polymer that starts to appear at P=36 GPa; (c) The side view of a unit cell of (a) through b axis; (d) The side view of a unit cell of (b) through c axis; (e) Four periodic units of dimeric phase at P=20 GPa through a axis; (f) Four units of Tt(s-2-in) at P=12 GPa. Solvents are dichloromethane molecules.39 Carbons are grey, hydrogens are blue and chlorines are green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-experimental-raman-spectra-of-6-cpp-at-selected-75egdnea.png Figure 7. The experimental Raman spectra of [6]CPP at selected pressures, increasing pressure from bottom to top. The very top spectrum corresponds to the recovered sample after decompression from 7.2 GPa. Colored areas correspond to Lorentzian fitting of the bands. Purple low frequency bands are assigned to the RBM, green low frequency bands to the p-RBM modes. In the high wavenumber regions, the GA1 and GE2 are represented as red and dark blue areas, respectively. The grey area represents the pressure calibration peak. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-geometric-parameters-of-the-crystal-unit-cell-of-9edz952y.png Table 1. The geometric parameters of the crystal unit cell of [6]CPP from single XRD and simulated powder XRD patterns compared with the optimized structures of our modeling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-initial-p-0-derivatives-of-pressure-dependent-1uhd950e.png Table 3. The initial (P=0) derivatives of pressure dependent Raman frequencies for [6]CPP (in cm-1/GPa). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometrical-parameters-as-a-function-of-pressure-3g7cjxm0.png Figure 6. Geometrical parameters as a function of pressure for [6]CPP. (a) and (d) show average bond length alternations (BLA). (b) and (e) show average torsions (θ). (c) and (f) show flattening factors f(P). (a), (b), and (c) in the left column are based on solvent-excluded models and (d), (e), and (f) in the right column are based on solvent-included models (all solvents are inside of [6]CPPs). At P=0.1 MPa the red crosses are from the experimental single XRD10 and the green crosses are from the simulated powder XRD39. Lines are provided to guide the eye, arrows indicate the direction of pressure change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-t-polymorph-of-6-cpp-crystal-from-single-x-ray-3d6kh8go.png Figure 1. (a) T-polymorph of [6]CPP crystal from single X-ray diffraction (Z=3, top view through c axis, ref 10, the unknown solvent is not shown); (b) H-polymorph solvent-included [6]CPP crystal39 (Z=2, side view through the a axis). Solvents are dichloromethane molecules.39 Carbons are grey, hydrogens are blue and chlorines are green. https://scispace.com/papers/mediation-information-system-engineering-based-on-hybrid-4u3slutv6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-semantic-service-matchmaking-in-details-2g129v6i.png Figure 5: Semantic service matchmaking in details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-selection-of-available-messages-2at1ye78.png Figure 10: Selection of available messages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-macro-process-of-hybrid-matchmaking-11a0qesk.png Figure 1: Macro process of hybrid matchmaking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-semantic-annotation-for-bpmn-2-0-sa-bpmn-e00gn8sh.png Figure 4: Semantic annotation for BPMN 2.0 (SA-BPMN). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-syntactic-service-matching-in-detail-370808i6.png Figure 6: Syntactic service matching in detail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-process-logic-study-for-combinatorial-computation-3brdq4rr.png Figure 8: Process logic study for combinatorial computation reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-generation-of-xpath-functions-y9qjzoia.png Figure 11: Generation of XPath functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-overview-of-message-transformation-approach-218eltnd.png Figure 9: Overview of message transformation approach. https://scispace.com/papers/medicines-transparency-at-the-european-medicines-agency-ema-4gyp2t36yo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-i-patient-respondents-that-said-yes-3163lfv5.png Figure 6: Comparison of (i) patient respondents that said ‘yes’ they had heard of (1) their national regulatory authority and (2) the European Medicines Agency (N=1010) and (ii) general public respondents (Bouder et al., 2015) that said the same about their (relevant) national authority (N=3285). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bar-chart-comparing-respondents-answers-from-the-1z8mncu4.png Figure 2: Bar chart comparing respondents answers (%) from the present survey (N=1,010) and a 2013 survey of the general public (N=3,378) to the question: “At what stage do you think information should be conveyed to the public about a possible safety issue of a medicine that they use or may use?” Note: an additional ‘don’t know’ response option was provided for the 2013 general public survey and these responses have been omitted here in order to enable direct comparisons12. For each question, we report whether there is a statistically significant difference between samples. * corresponds to a significant difference at p < 0.001 between the two samples (independent samples t-test). (NS) signifies a non-significant difference between samples (p > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-respondents-answers-to-the-question-if-the-li5fr5vu.png Figure 3: Respondents’ answers (%) to the question: “If the information you personally received (via letter, telephone, e-mail etc…) points to safety problems with a [insert sample group medical condition] medicine you are currently taking, do you think you are more likely to…” (N=1010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-how-long-respondents-have-been-diagnosed-with-hyo3mv8d.png Table 2: How long respondents have been diagnosed with medical condition represented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bar-chart-comparing-respondents-divided-into-3j6dyjym.png Figure 4: Bar chart comparing respondents divided into country and medical condition groups that answered either reduce your dose of the medicine (light shading) or stop taking your medicine (dark shading) (%) for the question: “If the information you personally received (via letter, telephone, e-mail etc…) points to safety problems with a [relevant medical condition] medicine you are currently taking, do you think you are more likely to… (a) stop taking your https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-additional-patient-sample-demographic-information-23anzecy.png Table 3: Additional patient sample demographic information broken down by medical condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-quits-completes-and-invites-sent-for-each-246rsplw.png Table 1: Number of quits, completes and invites sent for each sample country. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-patients-who-responded-very-easy-dark-shading-and-rlg26kzn.png Figure 7: Patients who responded ‘very easy’ (dark shading) and ‘somewhat easy’ (light shading) to the question: “How easy is it for you to obtain information about medicines from each of the following sources?” (N=1010) https://scispace.com/papers/medium-perturbations-on-the-molecular-polarizability-2tuj4musxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-frequency-dependent-mean-polarizability-and-10trrsxc.png TABLE I. Frequency-dependent mean polarizability and polarizability tensor components of water clusters~in atomic units!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-between-lim-1-and-lim-2-for-2ge5byjh.png TABLE II. Comparison between LIM-1 and LIM-2 for calculatingasolute. All calculations were performed with the dipole interaction model and are given in atomic units. The clusters contains one solute molecule and fortyone solvent molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-between-lim-ppm-dsa-and-mbp-for-tjkqdefg.png TABLE III. Comparison between LIM, PPM, DSA, and MBP for calculating asolute. All calculations were performed with the dipole interaction model and are given in atomic units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-polarizability-of-a-solute-water-molecule-as-a-1fgowav3.png FIG. 2. Mean polarizability of a solute water molecule as a function of cluster size~in a.u.!. All calculations were calculated with LIM-2 and PPM schemes.~—,L! LIM-2, ~---! PPM and~1! indicates the LIM-2 result for the N541 cluster with the structure of the first solvation shell relaxed. https://scispace.com/papers/medium-resolution-transmission-measurements-of-water-vapor-mr5jib4e2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-1000k-1z2y7nkq.png Figure 3: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP (1000K, rotational band of H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-1550k-6-1b8hg22g.png Figure 7: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP (1550K, 6.3 µm band of H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-1550k-5cyky6a6.png Figure 13: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP (1550K, 1.8 µm band of H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-600k-1-3s3eoc0g.png Figure 11: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP (600K, 1.8 µm band of H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-and-9qbpec6r.png Figure 14: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP and Phillips (600K, 2.7 µm band of H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-and-absolute-uncertainties-in-t-1nnfw8wk.png Figure 2: Relative and Absolute Uncertainties in τ̄. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-1000k-6-3dokh8g0.png Figure 6: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP (1000K, 6.3 µm band of H2O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-hitemp-1550k-1vwc2gji.png Figure 10: Comparison of experimental data with HITEMP (1550K, 2.7 µm band of H2O). https://scispace.com/papers/melanocortin-1-receptor-mc1r-genotypes-do-not-correlate-with-39xh7k0tff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-features-and-evaluation-of-the-cmn-4vr6tiwr.png Table 1. Clinical features and evaluation of the CMN phenotypic characteristics of the Spanish and Marseille CMN patient cohorts https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-of-the-mc1r-genotype-with-projected-bg3jf425.png Table 4. Association of the MC1R genotype with projected adult size (PAS) of the CMN https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-prevalence-of-heterozygous-or-2rzcgzr9.png Table 5. Comparison of the prevalence of heterozygous or homozygous non-synonymous MC1R variants between Spanish controls and Spanish CMN patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-heterozygous-or-homozygous-non-lxv3fpvk.png Table 3. Prevalence of heterozygous or homozygous non-synonymous MC1R variants in CMN patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-of-mc1r-genotype-and-phenotypic-18w1e42g.png Figure 1. Correlation of MC1R genotype and phenotypic features of patients with giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN). Examples of whole-body photography of female patients with CMN classified as G2 with >50 multiple CMN with either (ai-iii) bathing trunk distribution or (bi-iii) bolero distribution, with different MC1R genotypes and different CMN presentations. (i) Wild-type MC1R, (ii) presence of one MC1R variant (p.V60L), and (iii) presence of two MC1R variants ((a) p.R151C, p.R163Q; (b) p.V60L, p.R151C). Written, informed consent was obtained for image publication in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-allelic-frequency-of-the-most-common-non-synonymous-1r5ojvng.png Table 2. Allelic frequency of the most common non-synonymous MC1R variants in CMN patient cohorts https://scispace.com/papers/membrane-distillation-for-wastewater-reverse-osmosis-53r1153bns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-of-dcmd-2hbghzdo.png Fig. 1 Experimental setup of DCMD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-micropollutants-in-untreated-and-pretreated-wwroc-2umnrwwq.png Fig. 8 Micropollutants in untreated and pretreated WWROC solution based on mass distribution percentage (mass in feed concentrate and permeate, and losses due to evaporation or adsorption) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-changes-in-ion-contents-as-mass-in-g-of-synthetic-2bsju13a.png Table 5 Changes in ion contents (as mass in g) of synthetic WWROC after MD concentration followed by precipitation. Mass (g) Ca2+ Mg2+ PO4 3- F- K+ Na+ Cl- SO4 2- NO3 - Final WWROC solution (synthetic) after MD 17.2 82.3 0.2 2.3 91.5 658.7 1011.4 379.1 13.4 Final WWROC solution (synthetic) after MD and precipitation <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.4 89.8 503.4 895.7 264.5 11.9 https://scispace.com/papers/memetic-algorithm-with-extended-neighborhood-search-for-4u09lz1vxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pseudocode-of-maens-2sf73sm4.png Fig. 7. Pseudocode of MAENS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-demonstration-of-the-merge-split-operator-sjpaymzz.png Fig. 6. Demonstration of the Merge-Split operator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-results-on-set-d-of-the-benchmark-sets-of-beullens-rr1xo56r.png TABLE VI RESULTS ON SET D OF THE BENCHMARK SETS OF BEULLENS ET AL. IN TERMS OF COSTS OF SOLUTIONS. “BEST” AND “AVERAGE” STAND FOR THE BEST AND AVERAGE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM 30 INDEPENDENT RUNS. “NS” STANDS THE NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL RUNS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-on-the-gdb-benchmark-test-set-in-terms-of-2jmmwfe9.png TABLE II RESULTS ON THE gdb BENCHMARK TEST SET IN TERMS OF COSTS OF SOLUTIONS. “BEST” AND “AVERAGE” STAND FOR THE BEST AND AVERAGE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM 30 INDEPENDENT RUNS. “NS” STANDS THE NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL RUNS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-parameters-of-maens-3qu6z5yi.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF THE PARAMETERS OF MAENS https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-results-on-set-c-of-the-benchmark-sets-of-beullens-22ve69pu.png TABLE V RESULTS ON SET C OF THE BENCHMARK SETS OF BEULLENS ET AL. IN TERMS OF COSTS OF SOLUTIONS. “BEST” AND “AVERAGE” STAND FOR THE BEST AND AVERAGE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM 30 INDEPENDENT RUNS. “NS” STANDS THE NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL RUNS https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-averge-apd-of-maens-on-the-benchmark-sets-with-2mt33afq.png TABLE X AVERGE APD OF MAENS ON THE BENCHMARK SETS WITH DIFFERENT VALUE OF “ p” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-solution-representation-ids-in-1hcsicxc.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the solution representation. IDs in parentheses represent inversions of the current directions. https://scispace.com/papers/memory-evolution-multi-functioning-unified-random-access-5fgu6v8odd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-programming-and-erasing-characteristics-of-ldnzrfkw.png Figure 4. Measured programming and erasing characteristics of Id-Vg. P/E is carried out by a Fowler-Nordheim mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-sectional-schematics-and-energy-band-lineup-27t5pcxx.png Figure 5. Cross-sectional schematics and energy band lineup for various substrates. (a) SOI substrate, (b) buried n-well, and (c) buried Si1-yCy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-images-of-uram-a-bird-eyes-veiw-of-uram-and-2qusonzl.png Figure 3. TEM images of URAM. (a) Bird eye’s veiw of URAM and gate dielectric O/N/O. (b) URAM on SOI substrate. (c) URAM on buried n-well substrate. (d) URAM on buried Si1-yCy substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-view-of-uram-concept-sonos-memory-and-1t-1kaehumz.png Figure 2. Schematic view of URAM concept. SONOS memory and 1T-DRAM operation are implemented in a memory cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-programming-and-erasing-characteristics-of-28dzzh4g.png Figure 6. Measured programming and erasing characteristics of 1T-DRAM. For programming, impact ionization voltages of VD=1.5Vand VG=1V for SOI, and VD=2Vand VG=1V for bulk are used. For erasing, forward junction voltage of VD=-1V for all devices is used. During all operations, the substrate voltages are VSub=0V for SOI, and VSub=0.3V for n-well and Si1-yCy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-id-vd-curves-after-1t-dram-operation-the-39sxxic9.png Figure 7. ID-VD curves after 1T-DRAM operation. The programming disturbance between impact ionization for 1T-DRAM and charge trapping for non-volatile memory is found to be negligible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-view-of-the-domains-of-various-memory-2sv986ti.png Figure 1. A schematic view of the domains of various memory devices. Ideal memory should satisfy non-volatility, high speed, and high density. https://scispace.com/papers/mental-accounting-in-managers-preferences-related-to-55m516iibt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manova-factorial-design-3u6fyd44.png Table 2. MANOVA (Factorial Design) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presents-the-test-results-of-manova-factorial-design-1wdj2ezo.png Table 1 presents the test results of MANOVA (Factorial Design) with SPSS 23. https://scispace.com/papers/mental-context-reinstatement-increases-resistance-to-false-3y1aplsr18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-accuracy-rates-for-responses-at-memory-1z8xwgde.png Table 2. Mean Accuracy Rates for Responses at Memory Interview to Items Described Inaccurately at Biasing Interview https://scispace.com/papers/merip-seq-and-rna-seq-data-of-mycelium-and-spore-of-2mb1vccisg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-mapping-clean-reads-to-reference-genome-29r7b9x0.png Table 2 Summary of mapping clean reads to reference genome of A. apis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-raw-reads-and-clean-reads-yielded-from-1v9dwfu3.png Table 1 Overview of raw reads and clean reads yielded from MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-genetic-regions-mapped-by-clean-reads-derived-from-1rq0yv2i.png Figure 1 Genetic regions mapped by clean reads derived from A. apis mycelium and spore. A-D: mapping information of clean reads from Aam_IP, Aas_IP, Aam_input and Aas_input https://scispace.com/papers/merge-by-wire-algorithms-and-system-support-3jcg8as28e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distance-of-separation-comparison-2d8s11i1.png Figure 11. Distance of Separation comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-vehicular-platform-firebird-21nzf0cr.png Figure 6. Experimental Vehicular Platform - FireBird https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-task-sets-in-different-modes-of-amc-3i8uekde.png Table 2. Task sets in different modes of AMC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-time-data-repository-for-maintaining-safe-eyz5092b.png Figure 4. Real-time data repository for maintaining safe distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-contributions-1rj99gib.png Figure 1. Overview of our contributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-automatic-merge-control-system-id7f4sp1.png Figure 2. Automatic Merge Control System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-vehicular-platform-dexter-1fczwjqj.png Figure 5. Experimental Vehicular Platform - Dexter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-task-and-data-structure-in-real-time-repository-3u86kuvu.png Figure 7. Task and data structure in real-time repository implementation https://scispace.com/papers/mermaids-a-novel-family-of-metagenomically-discovered-marine-13b8e4s5dc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-md-simulations-and-mutational-analysis-of-mermaid1-a-27prmbs3.png Fig. 4 MD simulations and mutational analysis of MerMAID1. a Overview of the MD simulation homology model of MerMAID1 in the dark. The predicted ion permeation pathway is shown as mesh (b1, b2), and ribbons represent the protein backbone. b Electrostatic surface potential of the predicted chloride permeation pathway. c Detailed view of the active-site residues, with amino acids shown as cyan sticks and the all-trans retinal (ATR) in orange. Red https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-discovery-and-electrophysiological-features-of-mermaid-272qmy8y.png Fig. 1 Discovery and electrophysiological features of MerMAID.s a Unrooted phylogenetic tree of the channelrhodopsin superfamily, with gray circles representing bootstrap values >90%. Scale bar indicates the average number of amino acid substitutions per site. CCR, cation-conducting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-neuronal-application-of-mermaid6-as-optogenetic-2d0fmr78.png Fig. 5 Neuronal application of MerMAID6 as optogenetic silencer. a CA1 pyramidal neuron expressing MerMAID6-Citrine (green) 5 days after electroporation (stitched maximum intensity projections of two-photon images). mCerulean (magenta) was co-electroporated to visualize neuronal morphology (left). Fluorescence intensity shown as inverted gray values (right). b, c Voltage traces in response to depolarizing current ramps injected into MerMAID6-expressing CA1 pyramidal cells. Illumination with green light (500 nm, 10mW/mm2) for a brief (10ms, b) or longer (500ms, c) time period blocked single spikes. Light onset preceded action potential onset (measured in the dark condition) by 5ms. d Same as c but a depolarizing current step of 300 pA was injected into the neuron instead of a current ramp https://scispace.com/papers/mesh-traversal-and-sorting-for-efficient-memory-usage-in-7ws5gvl53o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-frontiers-obtained-with-the-best-seed-top-1etg9ux2.png Figure 5. Maximum frontiers obtained with the best seed (top) and worst seed (bottom). The region of interest is shown in the main figures, whereas the boxed figures show the complete mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-target-system-with-one-fpga-and-one-1e6jmx9l.png Figure 1. Example of a target system with one FPGA and one external memory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bipartition-seed-selection-2er7zvme.png Figure 6. Bipartition seed selection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-execution-of-the-bipartition-algorithm-overall-view-2fy10u2o.png Figure 7. Execution of the bipartition algorithm. Overall view of the NACA3 mesh and a detailed view of mesh NACA2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-customizable-bfsort-2honk1v4.png Figure 2. Customizable BFsort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-performance-of-seed-selection-3cxhgiuw.png Figure 8. Comparison of the performance of seed selection methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maximum-vertex-window-with-different-sorting-1vrns04g.png Figure 4. Maximum vertex window with different sorting methods, measured in number of vertices and percentage of the mesh size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-breadth-first-evolution-by-elements-upper-line-and-3ttj4mje.png Figure 3. Breadth-first evolution by elements (upper line) and by vertices (lower line), together with the FIFO queues used to build the order. The lightly coloured vertices and elements must be stored in low-level memory, as well as the last dark-colored vertex. Previous vertices are eligible for deletion. https://scispace.com/papers/meshing-volumes-bounded-by-smooth-surfaces-4qu51ubxlh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-skull-model-89-245-vertices-and-442-542-tetrahedra-2rhok23u.png Figure 1: Skull model: 89, 245 vertices and 442, 542 tetrahedra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tanglecube-model-57-293-vertices-and-226-010-jecmz7ib.png Figure 2: Tanglecube model: 57, 293 vertices and 226, 010 tetrahedra. https://scispace.com/papers/mesoporous-aluminosilicate-catalysts-for-the-selective-u7dqqeh53d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-effect-of-pt-nanoparticle-loading-on-the-1dwl116q.png Figure 6. (a)The effect of Pt nanoparticle loading on the isomer selectivity and (b) the overall hexane conversion mass activity for the Al-MCF-17 (8) support material. It can be seen that when Pt loading is higher (1.0%, yellow), the selectivity at lower temperature suffers. When the loading is lower (0.25%, green), the catalyst loses activity. The optimal isomerization activity and selectivity is achieved with a 0.5% Pt loading on the Al-MCF-17 (8) support material (blue). More detailed versions of these plots, with additional temperature points, are shown in Figure S10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-properties-of-catalytic-materials-34bzjy3b.png Table 1. Physicochemical properties of catalytic materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-isomer-selectivity-of-bea-black-gray-mfi-red-3ls30te3.png Figure 3. Total isomer selectivity of BEA (black/gray), MFI (red/gray), BEA/Pt (black) and MFI (red). It can be seen that at low temperatures the isomer selectivity is higher when Pt NPs are present in the mesopores of the zeolites. However, at higher temperatures the selectivity is nearly the same with or without Pt present, indicating the micropores of the zeolite dominate the catalytic chemistry.A more detailed plot with additional temperature points is shown in Figure S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-isomer-selectivities-for-bea-pt-zeolite-black-and-3rlrep5e.png Figure 4. a) Isomer selectivities for BEA/Pt zeolite (black) and Al-MCF-17/Pt (blue). Both catalysts shown contain a Si:Al ratio of 8:1. b) Isomer selectivities for MFI/Pt (red), and AlMCF-17/Pt (green). Both catalysts shown contain a Si:Al ratio of 36:1. In both plots the zeolite catalysts (BEA/Pt and MFI/Pt) drop in isomer selectivity as the reaction temperature increases. The Al modified MCF-17/Pt catalysts retain high isomer selectivity at higher temperatures. A more detailed version of this figure, with additional temperature points, is shown in Figure S5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-ft-ir-spectra-of-pyridine-adsorbed-onto-1b44h2uc.png Figure 5. a) FT-IR spectra of pyridine adsorbed onto mesoporous BEA (black), mesoporous MFI zeolite (red), aluminum modified MCF-17 with an 8:1 Si:Al ratio (blue) and aluminum modified MCF-17 with a 36:1 Si:Al ratio (green). The IR spectra are normalized with the band between 2100 and 1750 cm -1 , which originates from the Si-O-Si stretch. After pyridine adsorption, both Brönsted and Lewis acid sites are distinguishable at 1550 and 1450 cm -1 , respectively. Utilizing the adsorption coefficients of 1.13 cm/μmol for Brönsted sites and Lewis 1.28cm/μmol for Lewis acid sites, the amount of each type of sites can be quantified (shown in Table 1). Si:Al ratios for each material are shown in parenthesis. b) The relative amount (normalized to initial spectrum at 150 o C) of Brönsted acid sites determined from FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine at 1550 cm -1 as a function of temperature. It can be seen that the amount of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-showing-the-possible-products-in-the-3o72wupz.png Figure 1. Scheme showing the possible products in the catalytic reforming of nhexane.Isomerization and cyclization products are desired, while dehydrogenation, aromatization and cracking are undesired.For all catalysts studied in this work, excluding unmodified MCF17/Pt, isomer and cracking products accounted for over 98% of the total reaction products. The unmodified MCF-17/Pt catalyst also produced methylcyclopentane via cyclization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-activity-in-terms-of-total-moles-of-n-hexane-11rd7lei.png Figure 2. Mass activity (in terms of total moles of n-hexane converted per gram of catalyst per second) for all studied catalysts. https://scispace.com/papers/meso-scale-heating-predictions-for-weak-impact-of-granular-kovy5zdh51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-schematic-of-the-discrete-element-contact-model-a-jcd7coqw.png Figure 3.3: Schematic of the discrete element contact model: (a) interaction of target and contactor discrete elements; (b) interaction of target and contactor finite elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-12-a-predictions-for-the-temporal-variation-of-the-2upmcoxb.png Figure 6.12: (a) Predictions for the temporal variation of the average pressure p̄ for vp = 50, 250 and 500 m/s. Profiles are shown in time-steps of 0.25 µ s. (b) Predictions for the average pressure p̄ at 2.75 µ s for vp = 50, 250 and 500 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-history-profiles-of-a-compressive-load-and-b-2dnseetz.png Figure 4.3: History profiles of (a) Compressive Load and (b) Radial Compression for elastic impact of right circular cylinders. show the variation in the maximum radial compression δmax and maximum compressive load pmax with respect to vn0 . From the figures, it is evident that the numerical predictions agree very well with the analytical results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-predicted-temperature-contours-within-particles-66c50jhm.png Figure 5.6: Predicted temperature contours within particles at t = 300 ns. All values shown in the colorbars are in Kelvin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-15-a-predictions-for-the-temporal-variation-of-the-398jazr7.png Figure 6.15: (a) Predictions for the temporal variation of the average Von Mises stress τ̄ e for vp = 50 and 500 m/s. Profiles are shown in time-steps of 0.25 µ s. (b) Predictions for the average Von Mises stress τ̄ e at 2.75 µ s for vp = 50 and 500 m/s. heat cv, because ∆Tp ≈ ǭpτ0/ρcv, with ρ ≈ ρ̄. For vp = 500 m/s, this relation predicts a maximum average temperature rise of only 15 K. However, as will be shown later, localized plastic dissipation near particle contact surfaces leads to much higher temperature rises (∆T ≥ 100 K), even for low speed impact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-25-predictions-for-the-a-average-temperature-t-for-2b62zkac.png Figure 6.25: Predictions for the (a) average temperature T̄ for vp = 50− 500 m/s, (b) maximum temperature Tmax for vp = 50, 250 and 500 m/s and (c) variation of average temperature T̄ with average effective plastic strain ǭp at 2.75 µ s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-predictions-for-the-a-average-temperature-t-and-b-2zsn4ywd.png Figure 7.4: Predictions for the (a) average temperature T̄ and (b) maximum temperature Tmax for vp = 250 m/s at 2.75 µ s for µ = 0.0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25. (m = 10−5) experience ∆T ≥ ∆Tf , up to a maximum temperature rise of 300, 650, and 800 K for µ = 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25, respectively. These hot-spots vary sporadically with axial position and increase in number with friction coefficient. These predictions clearly indicate that the hot-spot number density is influenced by the friction coefficient, with a larger friction coefficient resulting in more hot-spots with larger temperature rises. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-18-predicted-variation-in-a-precursor-dl-and-b-1cq7k2gr.png Figure 7.18: Predicted variation in (a) precursor (Dl) and (b) plastic (Dt) wave speed with piston speed (vp) for configuration S-1 and S-2. https://scispace.com/papers/mesoscopic-simulations-of-phase-distribution-effects-on-the-2r2pcdz9o3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-between-predicted-and-experimental-247ngrm3.png Fig. 4. Comparisons between predicted and experimental effective thermal conductivities of unsaturated porous sands in frozen and unfrozen states. The experimental data is from Refs. [52,53]. The parameters are ε = 0.52, ks = 2.85 W/m K, kw = 0.5924 W/m K, kg = 0.0249 W/m K, and kice = 2.38 W/m K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisons-between-predictions-and-experimental-data-3hplx8z4.png Fig. 3. Comparisons between predictions and experimental data for Cu/solder material. The experimental data is from Ref. [51]. The parameters are kCu = 398.0 W/m K and ksolder = 78.1 W/m K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structures-for-different-values-of-cd-at-a-same-3es7mos2.png Fig. 5. Structures for different values of cd at a same porosity ε = 0.5. The directional parameters are set as D1–4:D5–8 = 4:1. The dark is gas and the white is solid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-etc-versus-solid-volume-fraction-for-different-values-3vo3aqoy.png Fig. 6. ETC versus solid volume fraction for different values of cd . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-etc-versus-value-of-cd-at-e-0-5-dqus1zln.png Fig. 7. ETC versus value of cd at ε = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-etc-of-three-phase-porous-media-for-different-liquid-115ms7pn.png Fig. 12. ETC of three-phase porous media for different liquid–solid phase interaction growth probabilities. The parameters are: ε = 0.5, cd = 0.01ε, Pl = 0.3, ks = 3.0 W/m K, kl = 0.1 W/m K, and kg = 0.025 W/m K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-contours-for-different-values-of-cd-modp5okv.png Fig. 8. Temperature contours for different values of cd . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-etc-of-anisotropic-porous-media-for-different-14ydmpn8.png Fig. 10. ETC of anisotropic porous media for different directional growth probabilities. https://scispace.com/papers/message-fragmentation-for-a-chain-of-disrupted-links-203iuzjahu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-combined-states-between-two-consecutive-links-3qduc51z.png Figure 3. Combined states between two consecutive links https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-queue-qk-t-and-the-related-yxcry1po.png Figure 4. Illustration of the queue qk(t), and the related random walk with negative drift. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-chain-of-three-18u1kb74.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a chain of three disrupted links’ chain between the sender A (node 0) and the receiver B (node 3). T1(x), T2(x), and T3(x) are the mean transmission times of a message having size x over one, two, and three links, respectively. Q1(x, t) and Q2(x, t) model the average amount of data queued in the intermediate nodes 1 and 2 at time t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-the-actual-and-the-approximated-values-of-37y7xjyo.png Figure 2. Plots of the actual and the approximated values of Tk(48s) for five links and two fragmentation unit sizes f : 10−3s, and 1s. The mean duration of ON and OFF epochs in all links is 1s. The x-axis is the link number k = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The y-axis is the mean transmission time in seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/meta-aligner-long-read-alignment-based-on-genome-statistics-1a6zdwe07f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pacbio-read-set-test-results-3ehlzmqz.png Table 2 PacBio read set test results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-meta-aligner-and-other-long-read-gawudgez.png Fig. 3 Comparison of Meta-aligner and other long-read aligners. One million reads of lengths L = {300; 500; 1000} bps with sequencing error rate = {2; 5; 10}% from hg19 are used in this test run. In a and b, recall rates and precision for different L and = 5% are shown. In c and d, recall rates and precision for L = 1000 bps and different values of are shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-random-and-low-repeat-mers-1107wnwh.png Table 1 Analysis of random and low-repeat -mers https://scispace.com/papers/metabolic-function-in-aging-retina-and-retinal-pigment-2ib6dxtj6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-metabolic-activity-with-glutamine-and-in-the-3v0wubac.png Figure 4: Metabolic activity with glutamine - and in the mitochondria more broadly - was examined by incubating eyecup explants in U-13C-glutamine for 20 or 90 minutes. The M4 and M5 labeled isotopologues entering into and proceeding through the Krebs cycle (A) were quantified in terms of pmol of 13C-labeled isotopologue per µg of protein in eyecup explants (B-G). Glutamine (B) and glutamate (C) trended lower in the aged eyecups at both timepoints examined, but did not reach statistical significance. In the downstream intermediates AKG (D), fumarate (E), malate (F), and aspartate (G) that decline was increased. The percent incorporation of 13C remains essentially unchanged in aged eyecups at both timepoints (H-M). Percent 13C incorporation rises past the aged in glutamate (I) and AKG (J). However, in glutamine (H), fumarate (K), malate (L), and aspartate (M), the percent 13C incorporation is consistently lower in young eyecups at 20 minutes, but had essentially matched the aged by 90 minutes. These changes can be related back to pool size and product:reactant ratios, which are included in Supplemental Figure 6. Normality of data was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test and p-values were calculated (* = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.0001) for age-related comparisons using unpaired t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests (# = p < 0.05, marker of non-significance enclosed in parentheses). Error bars represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-metabolic-activity-was-examined-by-incubating-1xi0vuih.png Figure 3: Metabolic activity was examined by incubating retinal and RPE-choroid (eyecup) explants in U-13Cglucose between 2-45 minutes. The tissue was washed and frozen, and aliquots of the incubation media were collected for analysis (A). Labeled intermediates downstream of glucose were quantified (B) in terms of percent 13C incorporation, pmol of 13C-labeled isotopologue per µg of protein in the retinal or eyecup explant, and product:reactant ratios for glycolytic reactions and those pathways that can be entered via pyruvate. Percent incorporation, pool sizes, and amount of isotopologue are shown in Supplemental Figure 3 and 4. To examine glycolytic activity, the amount of exported M3 lactate was measured in the incubation media of retinas (C) and eyecups (D). The slope of the lines were all non-zero in retina (pyoung = 0.002, paged = 0.0003) and eyecups (pyoung = 0.03, paged = 0.009), but showed no significant age-related change (Regression slope: pretina = 0.7, peyecup = 0.3). Within tissues, product:reactant ratios in glycolysis and common exit points to other pathways were plotted at 30 minutes because both tissues had reached a steady state. No significant age-related changes were seen in retina (E, G) or eyecup (F, G). Moving into the Krebs Cycle (B) at 30 minutes, no statistically significant age-related were observed in retina (H) or eyecup (I) explants. Normality of data was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test and p-values were calculated for age-related comparisons using unpaired t-tests (* = p < 0.05) or Mann-Whitney tests (# = p < 0.05, marker of non-significance enclosed in parentheses). Error bars represent the standard deviation, except in Panels C and D which show the 95% confidence interval for the linear regression. Abbreviations: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP), Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), Pyruvate (Pyr), Alanine (Ala), Citrate (Cit), α-ketoglutarate (AKG), Succinate (Succ), Fumarate (Fum), Malate (Mal) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-study-design-is-presented-including-the-mouse-38m7ycrp.png Figure 1: The study design is presented including the mouse groups, ages, and sex (A), the measures of visual function employed (B), and the ex vivo approaches to characterizing metabolism (C) in the aging eye. The functional metabolic measurements are listed below the structure of the murine eye (C, top left) from which we isolated two explants in this study (C, center): the retina RPE-choroid complex that includes the RPE, choroid, and sclera that has been cleared of connective tissue (Eyecup). The cellular composition of these explants (C, right) is highlighted with retinal cells shown in shades or red, purple, orange and yellow, while the eyecup is shaded in variations of gray. https://scispace.com/papers/metabolically-exaggerated-cardiac-reactions-to-acute-yz3484d608 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uca1ju3q.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/metabolite-analysis-of-the-effects-of-elevated-co2-and-4lho3dln9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effects-of-elevated-co2-on-alkaloid-production-1ouypzwr.png Figure 5: The effects of elevated CO2 on alkaloid production by endophytes showing (a) loline alkaloid production per unit endophyte (means ± SE), and the correlation between endophyte and alkaloid concentration at (b) 390 ppm (Loline concentration = 555.06925 + 4.0332141*Endophyte concentration; R2 = 0.38, F1,32 = 19.57, P < 0.0001), (c) 800 ppm (Loline concentration = 591.93237 + 2.1535393*Endophyte concentration - 0.0085847*(Endophyte concentration -186.642)2; R2 = 0.26, F1,32 = 5.66, P < 0.01), and (d) 1000 ppm (Loline concentration = 867.63768 + 1.9432844*Endophyte concentration - 0.0294447*(Endophyte concentration -151.988)2; R2 = 0.37, F1,32 = 9.27, P < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-treatment-effects-on-plant-nitrogen-metabolites-yxqodhxh.png Figure 2: Treatment effects on plant nitrogen metabolites showing (a) the effect of nitrogen fertilization on total protein concentration (b) the interactive effects of nitrogen and CO2 on total amino acid concentration, and (c) the interactive effects of endophyte status and N fertilization on total amino acids (means ± SE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-treatments-effects-on-the-concentration-of-16bq0nlt.png Figure 3: Treatments effects on the concentration of endophyte-derived alkaloids showing the main effect of nitrogen on (a) lolines, (c) ergovaline and, (e) peramine, and the main effect of CO2 on (b) lolines and (d) ergovaline (means ± SE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-carbohydrate-responses-to-treatments-showing-the-3d3ngcx5.png Figure 1: Carbohydrate responses to treatments showing the interactive effects of (a) nitrogen and CO2 on LMW carbohydrate, (b) endophyte and CO2 on LMW carbohydrate, and (c) nitrogen and CO2 on HMW carbohydrate (means ± SE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-main-effects-of-a-elevated-co2-and-b-nitrogen-1uw7gn3f.png Figure 4: The main effects of (a) elevated CO2 and (b) nitrogen fertilization on the concentration of endophyte, expressed as the number of copies of an endophytespecific gene per total genomic (plant + fungal) DNA (means ± SE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-model-and-degrees-of-freedom-used-for-all-3a5458lf.png Table 1: ANOVA model and degrees of freedom used for all analyses in this experiment with the exception of alkaloid and endophyte concentration responses. Since these are found only in endophyte-infected plants, we used a reduced model that excluded “endophyte” as a factor. https://scispace.com/papers/metagenomic-analysis-of-the-bacterial-microbiota-linked-to-2kgiri3v90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-plot-nmds-based-on-36a7y3j9.png Fig. 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot (nMDS) based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrixes of the Btana bacterial communities (DBM samples, black triangle; UBM samples, black circle) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-venn-diagram-showing-otu-distribution-in-the-btana-z5ffl4pd.png Fig. 3 Venn diagram showing OTU distribution in the Btana samples across regions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rarefaction-analysis-of-v1-v3-pyrosequencing-reads-of-1s7tq6l8.png Fig. 1 Rarefaction analysis of V1/V3 pyrosequencing reads of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from 11 Btana samples. Rarefaction curves were constructed with a similarity cut-off value of 97 sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diversity-of-major-bacterial-phyla-in-the-11-btana-35y7ohdx.png Fig. 2 Diversity of major bacterial phyla in the 11 Btana samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-btana-sample-parameters-pca-counts-and-dna-2kp1oddw.png Table 1 Btana sample parameters. PCA counts and DNA concentration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-metagenomic-statistics-of-11-btana-1exzoyqy.png Table 2 Summary of metagenomic statistics of 11 Btana samples Sample Number of bacterial 16S rRNA sequences Number of OTUs Singleton OTUs https://scispace.com/papers/metal-fire-implications-for-advanced-reactors-part-1-2ddevxhl6o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sodium-leak-conditions-at-monju-adapted-from-mikami-1iylc806.png Figure 1: Sodium Leak Conditions at Monju. Adapted from (Mikami 1996). https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-cherdron-jordan-1988-conditions-of-the-fauna-pool-2vxzrid0.png Table 14: Cherdron & Jordan, 1988, Conditions of the FAUNA Pool Fire Experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-sodium-fire-accidents-33nnw8e3.png Table 2: Comparison of Sodium Fire Accidents https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sodium-ignition-temperatures-presented-by-newman-4d7p3yb7.png Table 9: Sodium Ignition Temperatures Presented by Newman, 1972 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-morewitz-et-al-1977-high-temperature-concentration-3hf4n2ri.png Table 13: Morewitz et al., 1977, High Temperature-Concentration Aerosol Test Summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-cherdron-charpenel-1985-fauna-fs1-fs6-oxygen-1hg6x2w9.png Table 12: Cherdron & Charpenel, 1985, FAUNA FS1-FS6 Oxygen Consumption Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-cherdron-charpenel-1985-fauna-fs1-fs6-comparison-of-10v9b57b.png Table 10: Cherdron & Charpenel, 1985, FAUNA FS1-FS6 Comparison of Experimental Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-cherdron-charpenel-1985-fauna-fs1-fs6-initial-2c96hpod.png Table 11: Cherdron & Charpenel, 1985, FAUNA FS1-FS6 Initial Experimental Conditions https://scispace.com/papers/metazoan-dna-replication-origins-1geujq2wyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scheme-of-a-metazoan-replication-origin-ly4o8llp.png Figure 1: A scheme of a metazoan replication origin https://scispace.com/papers/methane-fluxes-and-the-functional-groups-of-methanotrophs-1gvd1ky33i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-boxplots-of-a-volumetric-soil-moisture-between-0-and-5-3u1ethjc.png Fig. 3 Boxplots of a Volumetric soil moisture between 0 and 5 cm and b Soil temperature at 5 cm depth for the four different investigated plots at Flakkerhuk, Disko Island, Greenland. The lower side of the boxplot represents the 1st quartile, the middle line the median and the upper side of the box the 3rd quartile. The bars represent maximum and minimum observations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-values-se-of-the-mean-of-soil-chemical-and-uq1i7j88.png Fig. 2 Mean values (±SE of the mean) of soil chemical and physical properties for upland (open circle) and wetland (filled circle) soils at the chamber sampling site, Flakkerhuk, Disko Island, Greenland for the A, B and C horizons within the active layer https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diversity-and-relative-abundance-sd-based-on-16-s-1zy8vgpz.png Table 1 Diversity and relative abundance (% ±SD) based on 16 s rDNA for all archaeal phyla and the bacterial phyla comprising 95 % of the community for the active layer of wetland and upland soils at Flakkerhuk on Disko Island, Greenland https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-se-a-high-affinity-ch4-oxidation-b-low-affinity-3339d1em.png Fig. 5 Mean (±SE) a high affinity CH4 oxidation, b low affinity CH4 oxidation and c CH4 production rates (nmol CH4 g dw-1 day-1) for the active layer (AL), top permafrost (TP) and deep permafrost (DP) in the upland (grey bars) and the wetland sites (white bars) at Flakkerhuk, Disko Island, Greenland. Symbols without an error bar indicate only one measurement of the rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-satellite-image-of-the-study-area-flakkerhuk-at-disko-3a570n34.png Fig. 1 Satellite image of the study area Flakkerhuk at Disko Island, West Central Greenland (Google Maps, Google Inc., 18 February 2014). The triangle shows the location of base camp at Flakkerhuk. The bottom insert map indicates the location in Greenland (modified from mapsopensource.com, 2013). Top insert map shows Disko Island with a circle indicating Flakkerhuk (modified from Humlum et al. (1995)) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boxplots-of-ch4-fluxes-for-the-four-different-3bwztkhx.png Fig. 4 Boxplots of CH4 fluxes for the four different investigated plots at Flakkerhuk, Disko Island, Greenland. The dashed line represents a zero flux of CH4. The lower side of the boxplot represents the 1st quartile, the middle line the median and the upper side of the box the 3rd quartile. The bars represent maximum and minimum observations https://scispace.com/papers/methane-oxidising-bacteria-as-environmental-indicators-4nkh581u98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-degradation-of-100-ug-l-hcfc-21-by-methylosinus-dm1w9soj.png Fig. 11. Degradation of 100 µg/l HCFC-21 by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, a comprehensively studied strain of methanotrophs in the literature, and the methanotroph MSB13 from Skellingsted landfill isolated in this project. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-three-day-old-microcolonies-of-type-i-methanotrophic-18db2mzj.png Fig. 6. Three day old microcolonies of type I methanotrophic bacteria hybridised with specific fluorescent DNA probes (630x magnification). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-appearance-of-colonies-on-membranes-after-1-month-of-fyenuu8m.png Fig. 12. Appearance of colonies on membranes after 1 month of SSMS incubation in atmospheres of methane (upper left), HCFC-21 (lower left) and HCFC-21 + methane (upper and lower right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pathways-of-anaerobic-and-aerobic-dehalogenation-1g2yh2n3.png Fig. 4. Pathways of anaerobic and aerobic dehalogenation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-photograph-of-the-temperature-gradient-equipment-with-1k4ggzhu.png Fig. 9. Photograph of the temperature gradient equipment with two rows of holes for 27ml serum bottles and a series of smaller holes along the centre for thermometers. The left end attaches to a cooling water bath and the right end to a thermostat-regulated heater to induce a temperature gradient along the cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-molecular-structures-of-hcfc-21-left-and-hcfc-22-3h2kdsp1.png Fig. 10. The molecular structures of HCFC-21 (left) and HCFC-22 (right). The molecules consist of carbon (black), hydrogen (white), fluorine (light green) and chlorine (dark green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-outline-of-the-ssms-approach-in-the-present-study-left-2yv4xzno.png Fig. 5. Outline of the SSMS approach in the present study. Left: incubation and preparation of samples for microscopy. Right: incubation and preparation for quantification and isolation from visible methanotroph colonies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dgge-community-fingerprints-of-methanotrophic-2hhx23fn.png Fig. 8. DGGE community fingerprints of methanotrophic populations in soil from Denmark at 55°N and from Svalbard at 78°N. Left: type I methanotrophic profiles. Right: type II methanotrophic profiles. https://scispace.com/papers/method-to-convert-an-8-item-pcl-5-score-to-a-total-pcl-5-t9g0haol72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-item-comparison-of-the-full-ptsd-checklist-for-dsm-5-x76r2tue.png Table 2. Item comparison of the full PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the abbreviated PCL-5 8-item version https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-linear-regression-analysis-of-pcl-8-items-19ksjn65.png Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of PCL-8 items https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-matrix-of-bias-and-accuracy-for-each-3atnrbke.png Figure 2. Histogram matrix of bias and accuracy for each model in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-diagnostic-accuracy-of-each-model-compared-to-the-32g720a9.png Table 5. Diagnostic accuracy of each model compared to the full PCL-5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-consort-diagram-of-the-experiment-2-epatj4i4.png Figure 3. Consort diagram of the Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-and-bias-of-equations-in-each-experiment-2k1631ey.png Table 3. Accuracy and bias of equations in each experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-matrix-of-bias-and-accuracy-for-each-1jrgt92t.png Figure 1. Histogram matrix of bias and accuracy for each model in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-each-experiment-and-full-sample-10m43xn6.png Table 1. Demographics of each experiment and full sample https://scispace.com/papers/methodologies-for-simulating-impacts-of-climate-change-on-50t4b7i1xw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numberofpapers-1bm4crm3.png Fig. 3. Numberofpapers classifiedbasedbywhetheragivenecophysiologicalmodel specifically considered effects of: (A) [CO2] on canopy temperature. (B) [CO2] on transpiration. (C) Elevated temperature on specific processes such as seed set or leaf senescence (heat stress). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-number-of-papers-that-assessed-climate-change-impact-o0snw49d.png Table 8 Number of papers that assessed climate change impact for a given crop, environmental or socio-economic variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-number-of-papers-that-considered-specific-traits-or-htp7vvbg.png Table 9 Number of papers that considered specific traits or factors in relation to risk as evidenced by consideration of probability distributions, variability (e.g., as coefficients of variation) or frequencies over time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-papers-classified-by-the-simulation-model-3vhv2ufr.png Table 4 Number of papers classified by the simulation model used to assess impacts, how well the selection of a model was justified, and how the model was evaluated for overall suitability. Fractions resulted from papers where multiple models were used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-papers-that-tested-specific-cropping-21i801zy.png Table 7 Number of papers that tested specific cropping practices as a potential for adaptation and the total number of practices that were varied per paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-in-assumed-baseline-and-future-scenarios-as-1qowp7vs.png Fig. 5. Variation in assumed baseline and future scenarios as related to date of acceptance for publication of papers based climate change scenarios directly on outputs of climate models. The lines link multiple values from a single paper. (A) Onset and duration of baseline weather periods. (B) Assumed baseline and future ambient [CO2]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tabulation-of-papers-considered-for-evaluation-15kezccn.png Table 1 Tabulation of papers considered for evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-assumed-baseline-ambient-co2-for-papers-using-2pgeqi3f.png Fig. 4. Assumed baseline ambient [CO2] for papers using greenhouse gas scenarios from climate models (“modeled”) or using generic [CO2] and climate change scenarios (“generic”) versus the date of acceptance of the papers. Also shown are lines depicting the annual historic trend for [CO2] from Mauna Loa, HI (Keeling et al., 1976; Tans, 2010) and for a 10-year lag of the same trend. https://scispace.com/papers/methodology-for-graphic-redesign-applied-to-textile-and-tile-28a09sgqki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-progressive-module-development-at-each-case-30mjdl9p.png Fig. 1. Progressive module development at each case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-avg-ensemble-accuracy-fig-9-avg-combination-accuracy-23k6ce3m.png Fig. 8. Avg. ensemble accuracy Fig. 9. Avg. Combination accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-avg-improvement-to-connections-fig-7-avg-feature-1pcgde6z.png Fig. 6. Avg. improvement to connections Fig. 7. Avg. feature reduction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-avg-hidden-neurons-fig-5-avg-reduction-to-features-3kyxuwvz.png Fig. 4. Avg. hidden neurons Fig. 5. Avg. reduction to features https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-avg-module-accuracy-fig-3-avg-module-connections-2n2mwtjg.png Fig. 2. Avg. module accuracy Fig. 3. Avg. module connections https://scispace.com/papers/methodology-for-flight-relevant-arc-jet-testing-of-flexible-t5j023mc60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-initial-free-stream-density-corresponding-with-1jnzm4ma.png Figure 6. Initial free stream density corresponding with calibrated surface pressure and heat flux of 3.3 kpa and 20 W/cm2, respectively, for the 3.5 inch diameter sample holder with a 0.5 inch corner radius condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-initial-free-stream-density-corresponding-with-3wqywvkb.png Figure 7. Initial free stream density corresponding with calibrated surface pressure and heat flux of 5.2 kpa and 60 W/cm2, respectively, for the 3.5 inch diameter sample holder with a 0.5 inch corner radius condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-computational-results-for-different-3ro9n7cb.png Table 1. Summary of the computational results for different arc-jet conditions on the 3.5 inch diameter sample holder with a 0.5 inch corner radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-schematic-of-the-sample-holder-geometry-and-the-sg613gbo.png Figure 13. Schematic of the sample holder geometry and the averaged FTPS area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-trends-of-the-calibration-probe-arc-jet-heat-flux-1ubl6w54.png Figure 19. Trends of the calibration probe arc-jet heat flux with the arc-jet estimated bulk enthalpy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-trends-of-the-calibrated-arc-jet-heat-flux-with-thxy9x0p.png Figure 18. Trends of the calibrated arc-jet heat flux with the arc-jet estimated inferred enthalpy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-boeing-large-core-arc-tunnel-lcat-and-b-the-aujaqc0s.png Figure 1. a) The Boeing Large Core Arc Tunnel (LCAT), and b) the test cabin interior and model injection system for stagnation testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-computational-grid-after-adaptation-process-and-b-3o7fby6l.png Figure 8. a) Computational grid after adaptation process, and b) the corresponding Mach contour plot. https://scispace.com/papers/methods-of-producing-new-nutrient-data-for-popularly-38qh9uppdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stages-in-prioritisation-of-popular-dishes-snacks-lz1viasb.png Figure 1 Stages in prioritisation of popular dishes, snacks and beverages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-prioritised-dishes-snacks-beverages-2wszm9e8.png Table 2 Description of prioritised dishes, snacks, beverages and number of primary samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-prioritised-dishes-snacks-beverages-2r47c88a.png Table 2 Description of prioritised dishes, snacks, beverages and number of primary samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-and-reference-of-analytical-methods-3qci0y85.png Table 3 Description and reference of analytical methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-prioritised-dishes-snacks-beverages-3iyun6fk.png Table 2 Description of prioritised dishes, snacks, beverages and number of primary samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-and-reference-of-analytical-methods-3hizw4ot.png Table 3 Description and reference of analytical methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sources-of-popular-african-and-caribbean-foods-15uqzt0k.png Table 1 Sources of popular African and Caribbean foods, snacks and beverages https://scispace.com/papers/mglur5-negative-modulators-for-fragile-x-resistance-and-3vsv97rlvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inhibiting-gsk3a-does-not-overcome-audiogenic-1twt5rnc.png Figure 5 Inhibiting GSK3a does not overcome audiogenic seizure treatment resistance induced by chronic CTEP. (A) Some elements of the signaling pathway that couples mGluR5 to protein synthesis. AGS susceptibility in fragile X can be corrected by the protein synthesis inhibitor CHX and by compounds acting at several different nodes in this pathway, including GSK3a. (B) Schematic shows drug dosing schedule and AGS experimental design. (C) Chronic (3 doses over 5 days) treatment with 2.0 mg/kg CTEP followed by a vehicle injection does not alter Fmr1-KO audiogenic seizure susceptibility (two-tailed Fisher’s exact test: Fmr1-KO 4x vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP +1x vehicle p = 0.4267). A single injection of 30 mg/kg BRD0705 normalizes audiogenic seizure susceptibility in Fmr1-KO mice but has no effect on seizure incidence in Fmr1-KO mice treated with chronic (3 doses over 5 days) 2.0 mg/kg CTEP (twotailed Fisher’s exact test: Fmr1-KO 4x vehicle vs. Fmr1KO 3x vehicle + BRD0705 p = 0.0036; two-tailed Fisher’s exact test: Fmr1-KO 4x vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + BRD0705 p = 0.2357). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-acute-but-not-chronic-ctep-treatment-ameliorates-2u9glcqs.png Figure 4 Acute but not chronic CTEP treatment ameliorates elevated basal protein synthesis rates in Fmr1-KO hippocampal slices. (A) Schematic shows acute and chronic CTEP dose schedules and hippocampal metabolic labeling experimental design. (B) Basal protein synthesis rates are increased in hippocampal slices prepared from Fmr1-KO mice compared to wildtype littermate animals and acute in vivo treatment with 2 mg/kg CTEP restores Fmr1-KO protein synthesis rates to wildtype levels. There was a statistically significant effect of genotype (twoway ANOVA, F (1, 36) = 8.341, p = 0.0066) and a significant interaction between genotype and treatment. (two-way ANOVA, F (1, 36) = 4.501, p = 0.0408; Šídák's multiple comparisons test: wild type 1x vehicle vs. Fmr1KO 1x vehicle p = 0.0036, wild type 1x CTEP vs. Fmr1-KO 1x CTEP p = 0.8183). (C) Chronic (3 doses over 5 days) in vivo treatment with 2 mg/kg CTEP has no effect on radiolabel incorporation in hippocampal slices from wildtype or Fmr1-KO animals. There was a statistically significant effect of genotype (two-way ANOVA, F (1, 30) = 15.13, p = 0.0005; Šídák's multiple comparisons test: wild type 3x vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x vehicle p = 0.0082, wild type 3x CTEP vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP p = 0.0410). (D) Bath application of 1 µM MTEP reduces elevated basal protein synthesis rates in Fmr1-KO hippocampal slices to wild type levels but has no effect on hippocampal slices from animals injected with chronic (3 doses over 5 days) 2.0 mg/kg CTEP. There was a statistically significant effect of genotype (three-way ANOVA, F (1, 50) = 8.013, p = 0.0067) and a significant interaction between in vivo treatment and in vitro treatment. (three-way ANOVA, F (1, 50) = 8.536, p = 0.0052; Šídák's multiple comparisons test: Fmr1-KO 3x vehicle + MTEP vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + MTEP p = 0.0347). Data are displayed as mean ±SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-timely-therapeutic-interventions-have-the-potential-km7ahzxw.png Figure 7 Timely therapeutic interventions have the potential to correct the derailed postnatal development of some cognitive functions. (A) Some improvements may not be immediately apparent, but emerge with time after treatment is discontinued. (B) Some measures of improvement may not be as susceptible to acquired treatment resistance as others. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acute-cycloheximide-treatment-ameliorates-3d3umkoi.png Figure 2 Acute cycloheximide treatment ameliorates audiogenic seizures in Fmr1-KO mice and overcomes acquired CTEP resistance. (A) Schematic shows acute CHX dose schedule and AGS experimental design. (B) Acute treatment with 120 mg/kg CHX significantly reduced AGS incidence in Fmr1-KO mice (Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test: p = 0.0069). (C) Schematic shows acute cycloheximide after chronic CTEP dose schedule and AGS experimental design. (D) Chronic CTEP (3 doses of 2 mg/kg over 5 days) causes treatment resistance that can be overcome by an acute injection of 120 mg/kg CHX immediately prior to assessing AGS (Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test: Fmr1-KO 4x vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + CHX: p = 0.0131; Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + CHX: p = 0.0131) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brief-treatment-of-juvenile-fmr1-ko-mice-with-ctep-1ena23gu.png Figure 6 Brief treatment of juvenile Fmr1-KO mice with CTEP normalizes inhibitory avoidance measured one month after the end of treatment. (A) Schematic shows when during the developmental timeline CTEP is administered and IA experimental design. (B) There was a statistically significant interaction between treatment and time point (repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction, F (6, 150) = 2.684, p = 0.0064). Fmr1-KO mice treated with vehicle displayed impaired acquisition and extinction of IA learning compared to vehicle treated wild type mice (wild type vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO vehicle, Tukey’s post-test at time 0 hour p = 0.3488, at 6 hours p = 0.0048, at 24 hours p = 0.0116, at 48 hours p = 0.0444) and CTEP treated Fmr1-KO mice (Fmr1-KO vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP, Tukey’s post-test at time 0 hour p = 0.9756, at 6 hours p = 0.1024, at 24 hours p = 0.0067, at 48 hours p = 0.0416). Data are displayed as mean ±SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-acute-but-not-chronic-ctep-treatment-ameliorates-26ko3ibx.png Figure 3 Acute but not chronic CTEP treatment ameliorates hyperexcitability in Fmr1-KO layer 5 of primary visual cortex. (A) Representative traces of extracellular recordings in layer 5 of primary visual cortex from wild type (black) and Fmr1-KO (red) animals show increased spontaneous firing in Fmr1-KO slices (Scale bar represents 200 µV by 200 ms). (B) Layer 5 neurons in Fmr1-KO mice have significantly increased spontaneous action potentials compared to wild type littermates (paired t-test: wild type vs. Fmr1-KO: p = 0.0062) (C) Schematic shows acute and chronic CTEP dose schedules and visual cortical excitability experimental design. (D1) Elevated spontaneous activity in layer 5 primary visual cortical slices from Fmr1-KO mice is significantly reduced by bath application of 30 µM MPEP (Two-tailed paired t-test: Fmr1-KO 3x vehicle + vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x vehicle + MPEP: p = 0.0024) or (D2) an acute injection in vivo of 2 mg/kg CTEP (Twotailed paired t-test: Fmr1-KO 1x CTEP + vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 1x CTEP + MPEP: p = 0.1693). (D3) Chronic 2mg/kg CTEP (3 doses over 5 days) leads to treatment resistance of spontaneous activity in layer 5 primary visual cortex that is not overcome by bath application of 30 µM MPEP (Two-tailed paired t-test: Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + MPEP: p = 0.4327) but (D4) is significantly reduced by bath application of 60 µM CHX (Two-tailed paired t-test: Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + vehicle vs. Fmr1-KO 3x CTEP + CHX: p = 0.0102). (E) Representative traces of extracellular recordings in layer 5 primary visual cortex showing spontaneous activity in Fmr1-KO slices treated with bath applied 30 µM MPEP, animals injected acutely with 2mg/kg CTEP, and animals injected chronically (3 doses over 5 days) with 2 mg/kg CTEP followed by bath application of either 30 µM MPEP or 60 µM CHX (Scale bar represents 200 µV by 200 ms). Data are displayed as mean ±SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/mgso4-7h2o-filled-macro-cellular-foams-an-innovative-3x9gy7cptz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flo-2q4gsn4y.png Figure 1. Flo https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-1m7ug245.png Table 1. Main https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-th-the-studied-identifies-th-the-sample-salt-1u3642wi.png Figure 2, th The studied identifies th the sample salt hydrate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ft-11fh1rlz.png Figure 5. FT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2e1px6zu.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-m-npmed4gq.png Figure 8. M https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-mass-loss-measured-during-the-performed-tests-2umww5tu.png Table 2: Water mass loss measured during the performed tests and actual salt content calculated for each tested 4  samples. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/micro-and-macro-evaluation-of-classification-rules-4srspvjsgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-classification-of-rule-evaluation-measures-25j86eum.png Table 1. A Classification of Rule Evaluation Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-2-x-2-contingency-table-3a7he0vf.png Table 2. A 2 × 2 Contingency Table https://scispace.com/papers/micro-and-macroarchitectural-changes-at-the-tibia-after-2wfpgvmp06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d-sections-at-the-diaphysis-showing-difference-in-hy1lxel3.png Figure 3 2D sections at the diaphysis showing difference in roundness of the tibia shaft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2d-representation-of-mcsa-in-group-d14-at-a-right-cd5y20sk.png Figure 2 2D representation of MCSA in group D14 at (A) right and (B) left hind limb, of cortical thickness at the metaphysis at (C) right and (D) left hind limb, and of cortical thickness at the diaphysis at (E) right and (F) left hind limb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-sectional-geometric-properties-of-the-tibias-62bptht9.png Figure 4 Cross-sectional geometric properties of the tibias. J: polar moment of inertia, Z ap: polar section modulus in anteroposterior axis, Z ml: polar section modulus in mediolateral axis. Left hind limb: plain line; Right hind limb: dashed line. * p<0.05 vs D1; § p<0.05 vs left hind limb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-determination-of-the-line-of-mass-centers-by-image-rroze6i5.png Figure 1 Determination of the line of mass centers by image analysis. A) Reconstruction of the https://scispace.com/papers/micro-scale-impact-testing-a-new-approach-to-studying-2rh3jud45j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-b-nano-impact-data-3nczpvp3.png Table 1 (b) Nano-impact data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-nanoindentation-data-1wunvum0.png Table 1 (b) Nano-impact data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-loads-in-micro-scratch-test-3cyxsgee.png Table 2 Critical loads in micro-scratch test https://scispace.com/papers/microalgae-production-from-power-plant-flue-gas-3c27otgv83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-greenhouse-gas-potential-factors-2v9su4af.png Table B-1: Greenhouse gas potential factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-solar-dryer-indirectly-employed-1qwf7l2t.png Figure A-3. Solar dryer indirectly employed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-u-s-anthropogenic-co2-emissions-for-2000-1u5b6byj.png Table 1. U.S. anthropogenic CO2 emissions for 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-life-cycle-impact-assessment-for-coal-firing-versus-p3fmj9g0.png Table 13. Life cycle impact assessment for coal firing versus coal/algae cofiring: Direct injection process (solar drying) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-life-cycle-impact-assessment-for-coal-firing-versus-2h230c8c.png Table 14. Life cycle impact assessment for coal firing versus coal/algae cofiring: MEA process (solar drying) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-key-environmental-flows-for-selected-modules-non-3f3mxv4n.png Table 8. Key environmental flows for selected modules: non-renewable resource consumption, air emissions, and waste generation https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-key-environmental-flows-for-selected-modules-ghg-7734gd0b.png Table 9. Key environmental flows for selected modules: GHG emissions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-schematic-of-an-indirect-solar-dryer-system-1ez3ceoh.png Figure A-4. Schematic of an indirect solar dryer system. https://scispace.com/papers/microcellular-injection-moulding-a-comparison-between-mucell-49c4up3tzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphological-parameters-in-td-b-section-of-mucell-r-2blif770.png Table 2. Morphological parameters in TD-B section of MuCell® and IQ Foam® foamed PP 20GF plates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-parameters-in-md-b-section-of-mucell-r-2fkbx8pe.png Table 1. Morphological parameters in MD-B section of MuCell® and IQ Foam® foamed PP 20GF plates. https://scispace.com/papers/microcredit-and-women-s-empowerment-through-the-lens-of-time-s6cr05isjx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-determinants-of-female-time-use-n-135-second-stage-1espuwkt.png Table 3b. Determinants of Female Time Use, n = 135 (Second-stage Regressions) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shg-womens-primary-market-work-by-loan-use-1bju03i4.png Table 4. SHG Women’s Primary Market-work by Loan Use https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-shows-male-and-female-time-use-by-credit-program-2kr5yjhd.png Table 1b shows male and female time use by credit program participation of the female head of household. With respect to the 135 female respondents, the table shows https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-independent-variables-zf6omqks.png TABLE 2. Descriptive Statistics of the Independent Variables Used in the Time Use Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-shg-womens-primary-market-work-n-359-t199wdv8.png Table 6. Determinants of SHG Women’s Primary Market-work, n=359 (Second-stage regression) https://scispace.com/papers/microcredit-participation-and-child-schooling-in-rural-27gr6l23hn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-microcredit-participation-on-school-flj034wh.png Table 2: The effects of microcredit participation on school attendance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effects-of-microcredit-participation-on-grade-u1ud9jx6.png Table 4: The effects of microcredit participation on grade attainment (right grade for age) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-means-by-microcredit-status-1bbmr7t5.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics (Means by microcredit status) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-microcredit-participation-on-school-yph42hll.png Table 3: The effects of microcredit participation on school enrolment https://scispace.com/papers/microeconomic-uncertainty-international-trade-and-aggregate-4qhyxtvgxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sales-volatility-and-market-shares-16hasob1.png Figure 9: Sales Volatility and Market Shares https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-home-uncertainty-shock-3pqgj7st.png Figure 4: Home Uncertainty Shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-home-uncertainty-shoc-high-export-premium-2f7nklk6.png Figure 5: Home Uncertainty Shoc: High Export Premium https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-industry-level-dispersion-aggregate-reallocation-and-1ra12gy7.png Table 4: Industry-level Dispersion, Aggregate Reallocation and Openness (1989 - 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-industry-level-dispersion-and-industry-openness-2007-2j0yk5aj.png Table 3: Industry-level Dispersion and Industry Openness (2007 - 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-volatility-and-reallocation-by-country-ownership-r8h57jap.png Figure 8: Volatility and Reallocation by Country Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-2phmk6v4.png Table 1: Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-industry-level-dispersion-and-aggregate-reallocation-2m6yizt0.png Table 2: Industry-level Dispersion and Aggregate Reallocation (1989 - 2011) https://scispace.com/papers/microfluidic-microsystem-for-magnetic-sensing-of-z8ockda4hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-and-picture-of-the-microfluidic-36t8jtsl.png Figure 3: Schematic and picture of the microfluidic microsystem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-view-of-the-general-experimental-set-up-36z5oygb.png Figure 2: Schematic view of the general experimental set-up. The GMI microwire senses the magnetic field produced by the magnetic liquid. A video camera records the displacement of the liquid in the channel induced by a syringe pump. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-magnetic-signal-during-successive-draw-and-15mohk1v.png Figure 5: Measured magnetic signal during successive draw and withdraw of the ferrofluid in the microfuidic channel (in a 260 mHz post detection bandwidth). The pictures extracted from video recording illustrate 3 typical configurations: empty channel (a), half-filled channel (b), full channel (c). The instants of passage of the edge of the liquid in front of the two GMI sensors, corresponding to the configuration of the inset fig (b), are represented by dashed lines. The measured magnetic signal is maximum when the edge of the liquid is in front of the GMI sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-of-the-detection-of-the-magnetic-y13iy6xw.png Figure 1: Principle of the detection of the magnetic nanoparticles. The external field, Hmagn, magnetizes the magnetic liquid, which is sensed by the GMI microwire sensors. The amplitude of the measured signal varies according to the position of the magnetic liquid in the channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-microfabrication-process-a-deposition-of-thin-films-4bsjuq4c.png Figure 4: Microfabrication process. a) Deposition of thin films [SixNy (300 nm) / Ti(30 nm) / Au(100 nm)] and patterning of electrodes; b) Deposition and patterning of Al(100 nm) to define the microchannel geometry (H3PO4); c) Definition of the geometry of the trenches(for accurate GMI microwires positioning) with photoresist; d) DRIE etching of silicon for trench formation; e)DRIE etching of the microchannel and the remains of the two trenches; f) Bonding of Pyrex and Si micromachined structure by BCB. https://scispace.com/papers/microfluidic-affinity-profiling-reveals-a-broad-range-of-1ihqopviyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-affinity-and-concentration-determination-in-patient-yfvqm1sr.png Figure 3: Affinity and concentration determination in patient plasma. (a) Binding curves for the two samples with the highest and the lowest Kd from panel b. Tight binders (red curve (Kd < 4.1 10 -10 M) and yellow curve (Kd < 6.7 10 -10 M)) are visibly distinguishable from weaker binders (blue curve (Kd = 8.5 10 -9 M) and purple curve (Kd = 3.4 10 -8 M)), as they reach the binding transition at lower antibody concentrations. Since a mixture of differently glycosylated antibodies is likely to be present10, different radii at saturation level are observed for different individuals. The binding curves for all samples are shown in Fig. S3. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation of replicate measurements. (b) Probability distributions of dissociation constants, Kd, and antibody concentrations, assuming two RBD binding sites per antibody, for seropositive individuals (blue) and hospitalised COVID-19 patients (red), where significant binding to the RBD was detected. Points correspond to the maximum probability values in the two-dimensional probability distributions (shaded areas). In line with physical principles of binding, binding is not observed for samples with 2[Ab] < Kd (grey region). Notably, some individuals express RBD-reactive antibody such that 2[Ab] 10Kd (to the right of the dotted line). (c) Increase in hydrodynamic radius compared to pure fluorescently labelled RBD (blue) with positive plasma samples (orange), six samples which did not show a size increase (green), and six pre-pandemic control plasma samples (red). Unpaired t-test: p < 0.01 (**), non-significant (ns). The whiskers show the minimum and maximum values from the distribution. (d) Comparison between ELISA (RBD) and MAAP results for RBD binding, for samples which gave rise both to a peaked probability distribution in both [Ab] and Kd by MAAP, and to a pEC50 value greater than two in ELISA. Plots of the pEC50 value are shown in comparison to the MAAP-determined ratio of antibody concentration to Kd (left), Kd (middle), and antibody concentration (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ace2-competition-and-cytopathic-effect-based-1ut7ws4i.png Figure 4: ACE2 competition and cytopathic-effect based neutralisation. (a) Example plate from a neutralisation assay based on cytopathic effects. We observe neutralisation at a dilution of 1:20 for blood samples from individuals 6, 7, and 8, 1:80 for individuals 1, 2, 3 and 5, and 1:320 for individual 4. All images are shown in Fig. S6. (b) Schematic of the ACE2 competition assay. We incubated the spike protein with the ACE2 receptor, leading to the formation of the spike-ACE2 complex. Upon the addition of neutralising plasma, this complex is disassembled. (c) Hydrodynamic radii of ACE2 in the presence of spike protein in plasma samples of seropositive individuals. When seropositive samples are used, no binding to ACE2 is detected, demonstrating the capability of the antibodies present in plasma to inhibit the interaction relevant for cellular uptake of the virus. By contrast, pre-pandemic plasma (PPP) samples do not inhibit the spike-ACE2 interaction. Unpaired t-test: p < 0.0001 (****), non-significant (ns). The whiskers show the minimum and maximum values from the distribution. (d-e) Apparent radius in the ACE2 competition assay compared to the [Ab]/Kd ratio obtained from MAAP (d) or to ELISA pEC50(spike) (e) for samples which gave rise to a peaked posterior probability distribution in both [Ab] and Kd (filled circles) and samples for which no binding was observed by MAAP (open circles). The [Ab]/Kd ratio of non-binding samples is assumed to be 0.5, the limit of detection by MAAP, while triangles represent the lower bound on [Ab]/Kd for samples which yielded a constrained posterior probability distribution in [Ab], but only an upper bound on Kd by MAAP. Samples which were able to neutralise in the cytopathic-effect based assay are shown in blue, and those incapable of neutralisation at the titres tested are shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-of-the-study-first-we-selected-3heiyf4m.png Figure 1: Principle of the study. First, we selected seropositive individuals based on a large-scale seroprevalence survey11 and performed four assays: Microfluidic Antibody Affinity Profiling (MAAP), a cytopathic-effect based neutralisation assay, an ACE2 competition assay and a receptor-binding domain (RBD) cross-reactivity assay. For MAAP, blood was taken from 42 individuals who underwent an infection with SARS-CoV-2 as confirmed by ELISA. The blood cells were removed by centrifugation and fluorescently labelled RBD protein was added to the plasma, leading to complex formation between the antibodies in the plasma and the extrinsically added fluorescently labelled protein. The average size of fluorescent particles can be inferred from their diffusion rates, providing a readout of the degree of binding. The ACE2 competition assay and RBD cross-reactivity assay both rely on co-incubation of viral proteins with antibodies and a competitor molecule. The numbers above the arrows represent the number of samples for PCR confirmed COVID-19positive individuals (orange), healthy donors who did not undergo PCR testing (blue), and hospitalised COVID19 patients (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-reactivity-between-different-rbds-a-assay-8a5ypv37.png Figure 5: Cross-reactivity between different RBDs. (a) Assay principle. Labelled SARS-CoV-2 RBD was incubated against antibodies from plasma of seropositive individuals. In the absence of any competing RBDs, the binding saturates. In the presence of unlabelled competitor RBD, the antibodies can bind to both the labelled SARS-CoV-2 RBD and the unlabelled competitor RBD, which in turn leads to the presence of unbound labelled SARS-CoV-2 RBD, causing a decrease in the apparent hydrodynamic radius of the mixture of the labelled SARS-CoV-2 RBD. (b) Relative decreases in hydrodynamic radii, expressed as percentages, for 10 individuals with different competitor RBDs from SARS-CoV, HKU1 and OC43. 0% indicates that there is no size increase as compared to pure SARS-CoV-2 RBD, meaning that binding of the antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is fully inhibited, whilst 100% means that the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-antibody binding was unaffected, since there was no competition from the unlabelled RBD. 5 samples are from healthy (denoted h), 5 from convalescent (denoted c) donors. (c) Control experiments for competition assay. 10 nM labelled RBD SARS-CoV-2 was incubated with 25 nM antibodies of plasma samples from seropositive individuals. When incubated in additional presence of 10 nM unlabelled RBD SARS-CoV-2, the radius decreased significantly, while the radius remained the same upon addition of BSA. The whiskers show the minimum and maximum values from the distribution. Unpaired t-test: p < 0.0001 (****), p < 0.001 (***), p < 0.001 (**), p < 0.05 (*), non-significant (ns). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proof-of-concept-a-c-simulation-of-the-competition-22dn2cmq.png Figure 2: Proof of concept. (a-c) Simulation of the competition of two RBD-reactive antibodies, A and B, with KA = 10 -9 M and KB = 10 -7 M, respectively. (a) For the case in which [A] < [B], there are two sub-regimes: if the RBD concentration is approximately equal to or lower than KA, the combined behaviour resembles that of the stronger binding species A (top). If RBD is present around or above the higher equilibrium constant, KB, then the behaviour resembles that of the weaker binding species (bottom). In between, the behaviour is intermediate. (b) For the situation where [A] [B], the combined response is dominated by the tighter binder (A) in both high and low RBD concentration. (c) For [A] > [B], the signal measured is also determined by the tightly binding antibody (A), regardless of the RBD concentration. (d) Binding curve of commercial antibody CR3022 IgG (ab273073, Abcam) in PBS-T (containing 5% HSA (w/v)) with RBD yielding a dissociation constant Kd = 35 [5, 98] nM, and Kd = 46 [10,117] nM in human serum. This is in good agreement with literature values 25. (e-f) Binding curve of human-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 S2 antibody B4 with (e) spike ectodomain using SPR (Kd = 1.46±0.01 nM) and (f) spike ecto domain with MAAP, yielding a Kd = 27 [12,46] nM. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 S2 domain antibody B4 was labelled with Alexa647 for the MAAP experiment. Data in d and f are represented as mean ± standard deviation of replicate measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/microlensing-masses-via-photon-bunching-3yrlnguube 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-curves-of-r-t-for-four-different-values-of-radius-2m2g3zk8.png Figure 3. Curves of r τ for four different values of radius and surface temperature (corresponding approximately to the named stars) but viewed from 1 parsec in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representation-of-the-lensed-images-and-arrival-3ay2ing2.png Figure 1. A representation of the lensed images and arrival times for a solarsized source in the lensing configuration (13). The middle panel shows the source while the other two panels show the lensed images. (The lens is at the origin.) The dots represent a quasi-random sample of 100 zones on the source. The grey scale indicates the spread of arrival times within each image (darker for later arrival). The spread is tlens = 5 ns for the earlier image, and 8 ns for the lower image. The systemic difference between the images is much more, with the lower image arriving tlens = 1584 ns later on average. https://scispace.com/papers/micromachined-horn-antenna-operating-at-75-ghz-42gnaliqqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-measurements-and-simulation-of-the-16oh4oan.png Fig. 3.: Comparison between measurements and simulation of the integrated horn antenna of fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photographs-of-the-antenna-a-pyrex-wafer-alone-b-34d3dk6f.png Fig. 2.: Photographs of the antenna: (a) pyrex wafer alone, (b) silicon wafer stacked on top of the pyrex one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-layout-of-the-integrated-ssfip-horn-antenna-36qmzskw.png Fig. 1.: General layout of the integrated SSFIP-horn antenna. The upper part is realized in a silicon wafer whereas the lower part in a pyrex wafer. The darker grey lines represent the metal (chrome and copper) deposited on the wafers. https://scispace.com/papers/micromechanical-analysis-of-sand-production-2ngkh6dcx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-a-real-sample-a-micro-photograph-du5ixwe6.png FIGURE 5 Comparison between a real sample: a) Micro-photograph from a sandstone sample and b) the interface layout of idealized model with FEM+z. In dark, contacts between grains and, in pale, intra-granular cracks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-delaunay-voronoi-based-mesh-generation-method-a-mzookasp.png FIGURE 6 Delaunay-Voronoi based mesh generation method: a) random node distribution, Delaunay vertices, b) Delaunay’s triangulation, c) Voronoi tessellation, and d) element discretization, black thicker lines correspond to the inter-granular zerothickness interfaces, and orange thiner lines to intra-granular zero-thickness interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-stress-strain-curves-for-different-levels-of-28u440qc.png FIGURE 11 Stress-strain curves for different levels of confinement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-volumetric-vs-shear-strain-curves-for-different-1kdcxvv5.png FIGURE 12 Volumetric vs shear strain curves for different levels of confinement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-comparison-of-the-model-predictions-and-analytical-3mxzlvc8.png FIGURE 23 Comparison of the model predictions and analytical solution on scale effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-equivalent-elastic-modulus-for-different-grain-zubeihsv.png FIGURE 17 Equivalent elastic modulus for different grain sizes and interface stiffnesses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-equivalent-parameters-from-micromechanical-analysis-qxsh4e49.png TABLE 4 Equivalent parameters from micromechanical analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-comparison-of-the-model-predictions-with-hollow-3axbb9ir.png FIGURE 24 Comparison of the model predictions with hollow cylinder experimental results performed with three different sandstones and different hole sizes6,7. https://scispace.com/papers/microscopic-engine-powered-by-critical-demixing-50fr1gc14v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-c-an-optically-trapped-microsphere-experiences-a-4bmkuqzq.png Fig. 1. (a-c) An optically trapped microsphere experiences a harmonic restoring optical force that attracts it towards the center of the optical trap near the focal spot (red arrows). If the particle absorbs the illumination light, the temperature of the surrounding fluid increases generating an asymmetric temperature profile which is hotter on the side of the particles closer to the focal spot. The temperature gradient, in turn, generates a concentration gradient surrounding the particle and, eventually, a diffusiophoretic force (green arrows). (d) Microscopic image of an absorbing particle with circular trajectory in x-y plane. Scale bar: 1 µm.. https://scispace.com/papers/micropillars-with-a-controlled-number-of-site-controlled-1x07kkea2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-atomic-force-microscopy-afm-images-of-a-reference-1imkooow.png FIG. 2. Left: Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) images of a reference sample, demonstrating that the number of positioned QDs increases with the increasing aperture diameter, which is marked by a white dashed circle. Right: lPL spectra of micropillars with an identical aperture size (similar number of SCQDs) as shown on the left side and with a pillar diameter of 4.4 lm taken at an excitation power of 0.22 mW. Spectral shifts of the fundamental and the first higher order transverse modes for different aperture diameters are indicated by dashed lines. Inset: spectrum taken from a structure with an aperture diameter of 1400 nm at a lower excitation power of 12 lW showing a narrow resolution limited QD line at 937.1 nm and emission of the fundamental pillar mode at 938.4 nm (the corresponding spectral region is marked with a red dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-d-schematic-illustration-of-scqd-growth-and-rxdckj7f.png FIG. 1. (a)–(d) Schematic illustration of SCQD growth and structuring of micropillars via the buried-stressor approach. (a) The growth of a template structure is followed by mesa processing and the subsequent oxidation of the AlAs layer acting as a buried stressor (b). (c) SCQDs located in the center of a k-cavity and the top DBR are grown in the second MOCVD step. (d) The fabrication is finalized by micropillar processing via EBL and ICP-RIE dry etching. (e) SEM image of a fully processed micropillar structure. Insets: (left) top-view of the square mesa (marked with a blue dashed square) processed in the step (b) with a micropillar (marked with a red dashed circle) aligned to its center and (right) cross-sectional SEM image of the central cavity region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-color-waterfall-presentation-of-temperature-ep3r0mv2.png FIG. 4. (a) Color waterfall presentation of temperature dependent lPL spectra showing the spectral tuning of a single-QD exciton (X) through the resonance of the fundamental cavity mode (C) of a 4.4 lm micropillar with an oxide-aperture diameter of 1300 nm and a Q-factor of 8000. cQED enhanced light-matter interaction results in pronounced Purcell enhancement at the resonance temperature of 35 K. (b) Integrated intensity of the QD emission as a function of the spectral detuning between X and C. The fit according to the equation IðDÞ ¼ FP=ð1 þ FP þ 4D2=c2CÞ (red line) yields FP¼ 4.36 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerically-simulated-black-circles-labels-on-the-1a69vmwk.png FIG. 3. Numerically simulated (black circles, labels on the right axis) and experimentally measured (red squares, left axis) mode splitting Dk (a) and Q-factor (b) as a function of the aperture diameter. Simulated mode volume Vm (c), Purcell factor FP (d), and photon-extraction efficiency g (e) as a function of the aperture diameter. All results correspond to the micropillars with a diameter of 4.4 lm. All plots are subdivided into regions A–C as described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/microscopic-laser-raman-and-infrared-spectroscopic-study-of-54o6nlzz0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-infrared-spectrum-of-tengchongite-from-600-cm-1-to-wx2bx9ou.png Figure 5 Infrared spectrum of tengchongite from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 region https://scispace.com/papers/microstructural-characterization-of-nodular-ductile-iron-3gzj67rp9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pph-ph-l-as-a-function-of-length-scale-1vb43btz.png Figure 5: Pφ(φ,L) as a function of length-scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multiscale-sampling-technique-for-determining-6c6hl9lv.png Figure 2: Multiscale sampling technique for determining particle area fraction fluctuations in a metallographic section of undeformed NDI. Incrementally larger sampling window sizes are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-particle-volume-fraction-cov-as-a-function-of-ipiye6wd.png Figure 4: Particle volume fraction COV as a function of normalized sampling size (L/ Lnn) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-ndi-two-phase-microstructure-consisting-of-1gvtobvc.png Figure 1: a. NDI two-phase microstructure consisting of graphite particles (dark) within a Fe-Si matrix (white). b. NDI fractograph demonstrating central role of graphite particles in void nucleation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-particle-diameter-probability-3fszy2zx.png Figure 3: Three-dimensional particle diameter probability distribution function (PDF) plots for the binned test data and corresponding Weibull PDF fit. https://scispace.com/papers/microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-friction-stir-1d9q2mhciz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weld-zones-for-samples-a-0-b-4-and-c-8-18wjlqx9.png Fig. 3. Weld zones for samples: (a) ‘0’, (b) ‘4’ and (c) ‘8’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stress-strain-curves-for-tensile-specimens-cut-from-2kwwv2e6.png Fig. 6. Stress-strain curves for tensile specimens cut from base material (BM - solid lines) and nugget (N- dashed lines) for 0, 4 and 8 IECAP passes; red line – annealed material https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-ultimate-tensile-strength-uts-yield-1z6avkhm.png Table 5. Values of Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Yield Strength (YS), elongation to break (A) and uniform elongation (Ag) of base materials (BM) and nuggets (N) for all micro-specimens https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-aluminium-1050-1athn0p2.png Table 1. Chemical composition of aluminium 1050 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-rotational-and-linear-speed-used-in-fsw-21qt4pts.png Table 2. Values of rotational and linear speed used in FSW process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-microstructures-of-base-materials-a-16975cve.png Fig. 2. Representative microstructures of base materials: (a) initial state, (b) after 4 and (c) after 8 passes of IECAP (X plane perpendicular to welding line) together with histograms of grain sizes (d2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-width-of-haz-on-as-and-rs-as-a-percentage-of-2llk6oyc.png Table 4. The width of HAZ on AS and RS as a percentage of nugget width https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-microhardness-profiles-for-a-0-joint-b-4-joint-c-8-2rjzi3dx.png Fig. 5. Microhardness profiles for (a) ‘0’ joint, (b) ‘4’ joint, (c) ‘8’ joint https://scispace.com/papers/microstructure-and-shear-strength-of-a-au-in-microjoint-9bep4gw635 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-x-ray-spectra-of-the-au-in-microjoint-hot-2s3qpplx.png Fig. 3. Typical X-ray spectra of the Au/In microjoint hot-pressed at 100 C for 15 min, recorded at di erent incident angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sem-micrograph-of-the-fracture-surface-of-a-au-in-au-151y5c10.png Fig. 2. A SEM micrograph of the fracture surface of a Au/In/Au microjoint where failure occurred within the In. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-processing-conditions-measured-shear-strength-2l3iv1jv.png Table 1 The processing conditions, measured shear strength and observed phases in the Au±In microjoints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-two-types-of-specimen-geometry-for-3bddsehh.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the two types of specimen geometry for single lap tensile test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-a-cross-section-tem-micrograph-of-the-au-in-au-1j07ha7v.png Fig. 4. (a) A cross-section TEM micrograph of the Au/In/Au microjoint after single lap tensile test; (b) the SAD pattern of an interfacial region in (a); (c) the microstructure of pure In about 10 mm away from the In-AuIn2 interface; (d) the SAD pattern of an area in (c). https://scispace.com/papers/microstructure-evolution-of-hot-work-tool-steels-during-2u7hryqmc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-of-the-mean-size-of-intra-laths-carbides-c1z1lai0.png Table 4 Evaluation of the mean size of intra-laths carbides https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tem-micrograph-of-intra-laths-carbides-extracted-from-5m1vwx14.png Fig. 8. TEM micrograph of intra-laths carbides extracted from the matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relation-between-hardness-and-the-mean-size-of-intra-f4r35w9b.png Fig. 9. Relation between hardness and the mean size of intra-laths carbides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-influence-of-tempering-temperature-on-hardness-values-1pf4stge.png Fig. 11. Influence of tempering temperature on hardness values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evolution-of-tempering-ratio-with-tempering-time-and-wmjzb7rs.png Fig. 12. Evolution of tempering ratio with tempering time and temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-hardness-evolutions-during-tempering-for-different-3de6rttb.png Fig. 10. Hardness evolutions during tempering for different temperatures between 100 and 700 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heat-treatment-conditions-for-the-analysis-of-ex-rp2lpohy.png Table 1 Heat treatment conditions for the analysis of ex-austenitic grains and tempered martensitic lath sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-micrograph-of-the-as-quenched-microstructure-gc94fg7i.png Fig. 1. SEM micrograph of the as-quenched microstructure. https://scispace.com/papers/microstructure-formation-in-electrodeposited-co-cu-cu-29wf7uel5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-magnetoresistance-curves-of-the-ed-co-cu-cu-1b9o3jtz.png Figure 1: (a) Magnetoresistance curves of the ED Co-Cu/Cu multilayers; solid and open symbols denote LMR and TMR, respectively. (b) Result of the decomposition of the longitudinal MR curves into the SPM (solid symbols) and FM (open symbols) components. (c) Magnified part of the MR curves from figure (a) showing the effect of the coercive field. Key to symbols: squares, circles and triangles refer to data for samples A, B and C, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-deposition-parameters-current-density-21fido1r.png Table 1: Overview of deposition parameters (current density applied during the deposition of magnetic layers, jmag, and the pulse duration, mag), the individual layer thicknesses t(Co-Cu) and t(Cu) determined from Faraday’s law and the corresponding bilayer thickness . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lattice-strain-obtained-from-the-interplanar-2ayhkxwc.png Table 4: Lattice strain obtained from the interplanar spacings measured in the sample surface perpendicular direction (Table 2) and related to 0111d (Cu) = 0.20871 nm according to Eq. (4). The symbol (Co) means the average of the lattice strains calculated for face centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) cobalt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bilayer-thickness-thicknesses-of-the-individual-2os937w5.png Table 2: Bilayer thickness (), thicknesses of the individual layers [t(Co-Cu) and t(Cu)] and interplanar spacings in the sample surface perpendicular direction [d(Co-Cu) and d(Cu)] as obtained from the WAXS measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-structural-characteristics-of-the-2zqfxdh7.png Table 3: Comparison of the structural characteristics of the ED Co-Cu/Cu multilayers obtained from Faraday’s law and from the fitting of the WAXS patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/microturbine-economic-competitiveness-a-study-of-two-sh296qvwy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-new-york-hospital-lifetime-sensitivity-case-results-3v1qmppd.png Figure 8: New York hospital lifetime sensitivity case results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-southern-california-naval-base-commissary-lifetime-34iw41vk.png Figure 9: Southern California naval base commissary lifetime sensitivity case results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-der-cam-schematic-207noafz.png Figure 1: DER-CAM schematic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-new-york-city-hospital-base-case-results-3ad0ryjh.png Figure 4: New York City hospital base case results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-southern-california-naval-base-commissary-base-case-2ma7c1hh.png Figure 5: Southern California naval base commissary base case results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wyoming-county-community-hospital-3iru43ob.png Figure 3: Wyoming County Community Hospital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-naval-base-ventura-county-commissary-2ovz3w16.png Figure 2: Naval Base Ventura County commissary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-new-york-hospital-reliability-sensitivity-case-3edg7knm.png Figure 6: New York hospital reliability sensitivity case results https://scispace.com/papers/microwave-crosslinked-bio-based-starch-clay-aerogels-5bdf88gcrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ftir-spectra-of-starch-based-aerogels-34roaslw.png Figure 1. FTIR spectra of starch-based aerogels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrographs-of-starch-based-aerogels-a-s5-b-uoxb4qfd.png Figure 4. SEM micrographs of starch-based aerogels: (a)S5; (b)S5G2.5; (c)S5G5; (d)S5C5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-configurations-of-starch-based-aerogels-in-water-a-3bg4ohfc.png Figure 3. Configurations of starch-based aerogels in water: (a)S5; (b)S5G2.5; (c)S5G5; (d)S5G10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compressive-properties-of-starch-based-aerogels-m3kwpjqi.png Table 2. Compressive properties of starch-based aerogels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-chemical-reaction-of-starch-and-1mrp4ttz.png Figure 2. Scheme of chemical reaction of starch and glutaraldehyde. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-compressive-curves-of-starch-based-aerogels-15cwook6.png Figure 5. Compressive curves of starch-based aerogels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-precursor-suspensions-for-3fzzk931.png Table 1. Composition of the precursor suspensions for preparing aerogels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-biodegradability-behaviours-of-aerogels-and-2sztyzwm.png Figure 6. Biodegradability behaviours of aerogels and compressed aerogel films. https://scispace.com/papers/microwave-sintering-of-porous-ti-nb-ha-composite-with-high-3m7iuqde1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eds-mapping-of-sintered-ti-50nb-and-ti-30nb-20ha-4v8ioj6h.png Fig. 7. EDS mapping of sintered Ti-50Nb and Ti-30Nb-20HA composite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-and-eds-spectrum-of-sintered-ti-nb-ha-x-0-10-20-38o07nns.png Fig. 6. SEM and EDS spectrum of sintered Ti-Nb-HA (x = 0, 10, 20) composites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-in-house-developed-experimental-3royb2x0.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of in-house developed experimental setup of rapid microwave sintering process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-ha-concentration-and-compressive-strength-1jl312my.png Fig. 11. Effect of HA concentration and compressive strength and elastic modulus of the porous Ti-Nb-HA composite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-compressive-curves-of-the-porous-ti-nb-ha-composites-3e4fm8dy.png Fig. 10. Compressive curves of the porous Ti-Nb-HA composites at different pore sizes and structural porosity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fabrication-route-for-porous-ti-nb-ha-composites-4l4y5fuo.png Fig. 3. Fabrication route for porous Ti-Nb-HA composites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-potentiodynamic-polarization-curves-of-as-sintered-ti-18t7xlmz.png Fig. 14. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of as-sintered Ti-Nb-HA composite measured in SBF (Ringer's Solution) at 37±1°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanism-of-microwave-sintering-process-2a9x7is4.png Fig. 4. Mechanism of microwave sintering process https://scispace.com/papers/mid-term-supply-chain-planning-under-demand-uncertainty-16r5tq8s2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-site-example-supply-chain-2bwxt3ml.png Figure 1. Three-site example supply chain https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cost-parameters-for-the-example-problem-2sjl41i6.png Table 2. Cost parameters for the example problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-a-probability-distribution-and-b-mean-yawvqacd.png Figure 5. Variation of (a) probability distribution and (b) mean and standard deviation of inventory of product 1 at site 1 with CDS level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-a-probability-distribution-and-b-mean-1t4oobke.png Figure 6. Variation of (a) probability distribution and (b) mean and standard deviation of inventory of product 1 at site 2 with CDS level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-family-dependent-production-parameters-for-the-1frougv5.png Table 1. Family dependent production parameters for the example supply chain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-base-customer-demand-satisfaction-levels-in-the-2cxgba4g.png Figure 2. Base customer demand satisfaction levels in the supply chain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-a-probability-distribution-and-b-mean-3oyvp7se.png Figure 7. Variation of (a) probability distribution and (b) mean and standard deviation of inventory of product 1 at site 3 with CDS level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-total-cost-with-customer-demand-1vfld8lf.png Figure 3. Variation of total cost with customer demand satisfaction level (α ) https://scispace.com/papers/mid-infrared-evidence-for-accelerated-evolution-in-compact-2xcasrcrzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-single-distribution-k-s-test-cjzpoybh.png Table 2 Single-distribution K-S Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-galaxy-morphology-in-mir-color-tdu2lntk.png Figure 10. Distribution of galaxy morphology in MIR color space for left: HCGs and right: LVL+SINGS. Note that the distribution of morphologies for the HCGs is as expected, with E/S0 galaxies occupying the lower left and spiral galaxies occupying the upper right. This is not strictly the case for LVL+SINGS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-k-s-test-for-the-rotated-hcg-distribution-against-a-26hel9kj.png Figure 5. K-S test for the rotated HCG distribution against a model of uniform distribution. The maximum vertical distance between the CDF of the HCG galaxies (solid line) and that expected for a uniform distribution (dashed line) is D, indicated by the vertical line. The large value of D indicates that the probability that the HCGs are drawn from a uniform distribution is very low, 0.03%. The nearly flat portion of the CDF highlighted in gray qualitatively reveals the gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-galaxy-morphology-in-rotated-mir-18hx4lay.png Figure 11. Distribution of galaxy morphology in rotated MIR color space for HCGs (left) and LVL+SINGS (right). Note the dearth of morphologies over 2 < T < 6 in the HCG sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hcg-sample-riktqq7o.png Table 1 HCG Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cdf-slopes-in-gap-region-1pxc9l4f.png Table 4 CDF Slopes in Gap Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-k-s-test-for-the-rotated-comparison-samples-against-26y20q4i.png Figure 6. K-S test for the rotated comparison samples against a model of uniform distribution for the cropped samples, with D and α as defined in Figure 5. The LVL+SINGS sample is mildly inconsistent. The interacting sample is concave because the galaxies tend to be gas-rich and MIR-bright, and therefore the distribution is weighted toward higher values of ΔCMIR, while the two Coma samples are very convex due to the large fraction of galaxies with stellar colors in the samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cmd-for-the-comparison-samples-as-in-figure-8-the-o9kruxl8.png Figure 9. CMD for the comparison samples. As in Figure 8, the dotted line indicates the luminosity cut imposed on the samples, and the HCG gap is highlighted by the gray stripe. The criteria used to define each sample are apparent in the shape of the CMDs. LVL+SINGS is the only sample which shows color dependence on luminosity, discussed further in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/midazolam-droperidol-droperidol-or-olanzapine-for-acute-v7yac62bia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-curve-comparing-the-proportion-of-3vjb7ssk.png Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier curve comparing the proportion of patients sedated as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-patient-characteristics-h5zcr3lo.png Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-secondary-endpoints-the-need-for-addition-parenteral-3vdsfmkg.png Table 3. Secondary endpoints, the need for addition parenteral sedative medication (patients may be administered more than one medication) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-endpoints-proportions-of-patients-sedated-at-qc9os0iy.png Table 2. Primary Endpoints: Proportions of patients sedated at specific time points after first dose administration and median times to adequate sedation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patient-flow-through-the-study-modified-consort-2xmxzydw.png Figure 1. Patient flow through the study (modified CONSORT diagram) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reported-adverse-events-38q5f78i.png Table 4. Reported adverse events https://scispace.com/papers/middle-income-transitions-trap-or-myth-23bwotjhgd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-economies-not-undergoing-slow-transitions-from-3em3zrz5.png Table 11: Economies Not Undergoing Slow Transitions from Lower-Middle Income to Upper-Middle Income as of 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-economies-not-undergoing-slow-transitions-from-1pghcneq.png Table 12: Economies Not Undergoing Slow Transitions from Upper-Middle Income to High Income as of 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-change-in-the-distribution-of-economies-by-income-2q2kz0kw.png Table 1: Change in the Distribution of Economies by Income Categories, 1950–2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-economies-that-have-always-been-low-income-during-1kn2pfmr.png Table 2: Economies That Have Always Been Low Income during 1950–2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-economies-that-became-upper-middle-income-after-1950-2c021gso.png Table 7: Economies That Became Upper-Middle Income after 1950 and Graduated to High Income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-year-an-economy-turned-upper-middle-income-and-2l4sxrhs.png Figure 4: Year an Economy Turned Upper-Middle Income and Number of Years It Spent as Upper-Middle Income https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-threshold-number-of-years-to-separate-fast-from-slow-2v46ttl8.png Table 8: Threshold Number of Years to Separate Fast from Slow Transitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-economies-by-income-categories-1950-1t071jov.png Figure 2: Distribution of Economies by Income Categories, 1950–2013 https://scispace.com/papers/migrating-real-time-depth-image-based-rendering-from-5813f9cfba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-application-chain-of-depth-image-based-rendering-22qhummk.png Fig. 4. The application chain of depth image-based rendering takes in 2 input images, and outputs a number of requested intermediate images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performing-occlusion-handling-in-a-the-traditional-and-23t4zgyw.png Fig. 6. Performing occlusion handling in (a) the traditional, and (b) the next-gen GPGPU paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performing-a-convolution-in-a-the-traditional-and-b-2rwjzoqw.png Fig. 5. Performing a convolution in (a) the traditional, and (b) the next-gen GPGPU paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-next-generation-paradigm-exposes-the-graphics-1rp8065n.png Fig. 3. The next-generation paradigm exposes the graphics hardware as a generic coprocessor, using a distributed-shared memory model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-traditional-paradigm-exposes-the-graphics-hardware-2e8joxsa.png Fig. 2. The traditional paradigm exposes the graphics hardware as a pipeline with four-component vector processors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-individual-kernel-performance-using-both-traditional-17uip138.png Fig. 7. (a) Individual kernel performance using both traditional and next-gen GPGPU, and (b) the profit by using either paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-high-performance-is-achieved-with-both-traditional-and-2gabecti.png Fig. 1. High performance is achieved with both traditional and nextgen GPGPU, however proper hybrid programming is superior. https://scispace.com/papers/migration-competition-in-enlarged-european-union-a-264zl20ubk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3ul4skrf.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-14xvp0ks.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/migrations-the-labour-market-and-poverty-in-greater-buenos-1mtdmciy26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-3rz5eaca.png FIGURE A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-34hse6c8.png TABLE 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1cqb7ryi.png TABLE 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-3bcsof9q.png TABLE 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-btsbypg7.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3jm0kf5v.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-msv053w8.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-3c2vksbl.png FIGURE A.3 https://scispace.com/papers/milk-blood-transfer-of-14c-tagged-polycyclic-aromatic-vxvcwskgq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-porto-arterial-differences-of-14c-after-ingestion-1upyrqt4.png Figure 2. Porto-arterial differences of 14C after ingestion by the growing pig of 1 L spiked milk with [14C]benzo[a]pyrene or [14C]phenanthrene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-portal-and-arterial-kinetics-of-14c-after-ingestion-1228pixm.png Figure 1. Portal and arterial kinetics of 14C after ingestion by the growing pig of 1 L spiked milk with [14C]benzo[a]pyrene or [14C]phenanthrene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-14c-radioactivity-level-in-portal-and-arterial-blood-2r1vkfsl.png Table 1. 14C radioactivity level in portal and arterial blood after ingestion of [14C]benzo[a]pyrene or [14C]phenanthrene by the growing pig https://scispace.com/papers/mild-exercise-training-cardioprotection-and-stress-genes-4r6gtnycvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-training-workload-distance-travelled-per-week-and-274t158y.png Fig. 1 Training workload (distance travelled per week) and running speed achieved weekly by trained rats https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-trained-versus-control-ratio-gene-1f8w3hl8.png Table 2 Relative (trained versus control ratio) gene expression and protein amount in rat heart expressed as trained versus control ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-western-blots-of-some-relevant-proteins-qh50do60.png Fig. 5 Representative Western blots of some relevant proteins in control and trained ventricular myocardium. Top to bottom: Hsp70, HO-1; -actinin. Antibody source and dilution used were the following: mouse monoclonal anti-Hsp70 (SPA-810) antibody (Stressgen) 1:50,000; goat polyclonal anti-HO-1 antibody M-19 (SantaCruz) 1:3,000; mouse monoclonal anti-alpha actinin antibody (Sigma) 1:20,000 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-genes-up-or-down-regulated-by-mild-training-results-of-3tjwbrlv.png Fig. 4 Genes up- or down-regulated by mild training. Results of three arrays, each corresponding to independent ampliWcation/ hybridization experiments, were averaged. Values are expressed in arbitrary units, after background subtraction and normalization by a housekeeping gene (RPL13a). To each array a pool of equivalent amounts of RNA from hearts of control (n = 8) or trained (n = 7) rats was hybridized; the array contained 96 genes whose expression change is indicative for stress and toxicity. The expression of the 14 genes here reported signiWcantly diVered between the two groups (P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student’s t test) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-left-panel-area-at-risk-comparison-between-hearts-3toykn79.png Fig. 3 Top, left panel Area at risk: comparison between hearts of control (4) and trained (5) rats; the area (as percent of total area) was evaluated by injecting Evans Blue, as described in Materials and Methods. Top, right panel Infarcted area: comparison between hearts of control (4) and trained (5) rats; the area is a percent of area at risk and was evaluated as described in Materials and Methods. Bottom Representative sections of myocardia of a control (left) or an exercised (right) rat after coronary ligation, as detailed in the text. Blue, perfused area; white, ischemic area; red + white, area at risk https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sod-and-mn-sod-activity-mu-g-protein-ss-se-in-the-2ftz62lt.png Fig. 2 SOD and Mn–SOD activity (mU/ g protein § SE) in the cardiac tissue of control and trained rats. DiVerence in Mn–SOD concentration was signiWcant (P = 0.015 according to two-tailed unpaired t test). Total SOD activity includes Cu, Zn–SOD and Mn–SOD https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heart-morphological-parameters-and-blood-data-1y955bkj.png Table 1 Heart morphological parameters and blood data. Statistical signiWcance calculated by two-tailed Student t test https://scispace.com/papers/millimeter-wave-stepped-series-array-with-ltcc-359acf2n8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-in-mm-of-the-designed-series-arrays-15pittvi.png Table 1. Dimensions (in mm) of the designed series arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematics-of-a-the-stepped-siw-fed-and-b-the-uniform-128c5n7p.png Fig. 4. Schematics of (a) the stepped-SIW fed and (b) the uniform-SIW fed array, and (c) the top view of the array with the GSG-probe connection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-simulated-and-measured-s11-b-the-simulated-peak-3u8ucpp6.png Fig. 8. (a) The simulated (- -) and measured (–) |S11|; (b) the simulated peak directivity (-.-), and realized gain (- -) and the measured realized gain (–); and (c) the simulated directivity radiation pattern comparison at 75 GHz in E/H-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-the-measured-e-plane-and-h-plane-realized-gain-2rpagzq9.png Fig. 9. (a) The measured E-plane (–) and H-plane (- -) realized gain radiation pattern, and (b) the aperture amplitude and phase along array axis of the end-launch connector fed arrays at 75 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-a-the-stepped-siw-fed-and-b-the-uniform-2uhr157d.png Fig. 1. Schematics of (a) the stepped-SIW fed and (b) the uniform-SIW fed array with the end-launch connector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-bottom-view-and-b-the-simulated-and-measured-s-32k8as27.png Fig. 5. (a) Bottom view, and (b) the simulated (- -) and measured (–) S-parameter i.e. |S11| (–) and |S12| (-o-), comparison of the back-to-back vertical transition structures of different lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-orthographic-view-and-b-simulated-s-parameter-1ao7o08b.png Fig. 6. (a) Orthographic view, and (b) simulated S-parameter comparison of the isolated vertical transition structure. https://scispace.com/papers/mimicking-exercise-in-three-dimensional-bioengineered-1k15eh67zd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-light-and-b-fluorescent-microscope-images-2ned8s6t.png Figure 1. A) Typical Light and, B) fluorescent microscope images (10X, actin- green) of skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) in monolayer cultures and the resulting swirling myotube formations that occur when no tension is applied to cultures (scale bar 100 um) (images from unpublished images taken by Sharples Lab). C) Fibrin 3D bioengineered skeletal muscle using human derived muscle cells (scale bar 1 cm), used with permission from Martin et al. (2013) D) Aligned myotube formation in 3D bioengineered fibrin/human muscle derived cell constructs under tension (scale bar 20 m) demonstrated by fluorescently staining for desmin (green) and nuclei (red), used with permission from Martin et al., (2013). E) Type I collagen 3D bioengineered skeletal muscle using myoblast cell line C2C12s (scale bar 10 mm), used with permission from Player et al. (2014). F) Aligned myotube formation muscle using C2C12 myoblasts in collagen type I bioengineered constructs under unilateral tension (scale bar 20 m), used with permission from Player et al., 2014. G) Fluorescently stained muscle fibres from muscle tissue suggesting that bioengineered muscle morphologically mimics native skeletal muscle tissue (scale bar 20 m), used with permission from Smith et al. (2012). Figure 1 338x190mm (54 x 54 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/mindless-robots-get-bullied-2cabuz3hbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-equations-for-the-four-conditions-3d4im5rm.png Table 5: Regression equations for the four conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptives-of-themodels-predicting-the-aggression-eat8byu9.png Table 4: Descriptives of themodels predicting the aggression ratio in the main study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-e-robot-in-the-opening-scene-of-the-experiment-1yro06x3.png Figure 1: e robot in the opening scene of the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estionnaire-descriptives-per-condition-for-both-2bds8rju.png Table 2: estionnaire descriptives per condition for both studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-aggression-ratio-sd-for-both-studies-2lfeyy0j.png Table 3: Mean aggression ratio (SD) for both studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptives-of-themodels-predicting-the-aggression-3qtzerki.png Table 1: Descriptives of themodels predicting the aggression ratio in the pilot study https://scispace.com/papers/minimal-plant-responsiveness-to-summer-water-pulses-4z8dre6a7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamics-of-soil-water-content-in-the-shrub-grass-2irqcq53.png Figure 1. Dynamics of soil water content in the shrub–grass steppe (a, c) and semidesert communities (b, d) at two soil depths: 0–10 cm (a, b) and 10–20 cm (c, d). Dynamics of soil temperature in the shrub–grass steppe (e, g) and semidesert communities (f, h) at two soil depths: 0–10 cm (e, f) and 10–20 cm (g, h). Dotted lines plus empty symbols indicate control plants; full lines and full symbols, watered plants. In all panels we show https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamics-of-transpiration-e-a-c-and-net-1munz0i5.png Figure 3. Dynamics of transpiration (E; a–c), and net photosynthesis (A; d–f) for neneo (Mulinum spinosum; a, d), coirón amargo (Stipa speciosa; b, e), and colapiche (Nassauvia glomerulosa; c, f) along the 10 d after watering. Dotted lines plus empty symbols indicate control plants; full lines and full symbols, watered plants. In all panels we show the F values obtained from the time (T) 3 watering (W) analysis of variance tests. Symbols indicate the statistical significance of each effect: ns indicates P. 0.10; (*), 0.10. P. 0.05; *, 0.05. P. 0.01; **, P, 0.01. Different letters indicate significant differences (P, 0.05 or 0.10. P. 0.05, when between brackets) between watered and control plants each day (only when T 3 W interactions were statistically significant). Vertical bars indicate standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-leaf-to-air-vapor-pressure-deficit-lavpd-kpa-air-1f5fmq0j.png Table 1. Leaf to air vapor pressure deficit (LAVPD; kPa), air temperature (Tair; uC), and air vapor pressure (eair; hPa) obtained for the three plant species in watered and control treatments (mean values of four sampling dates).1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamics-of-leaf-water-potential-a-c-and-stomatal-1eujehyh.png Figure 2. Dynamics of leaf water potential (a–c) and stomatal conductance (d–f) for neneo (Mulinum spinosum; a, d), coirón amargo (Stipa speciosa; b, e), and colapiche (Nassauvia glomerulosa; c, f). Dotted lines plus empty symbol indicate control plants; full lines and full symbols, watered plants. In all panels we show the F values obtained from the time (T) 3 watering (W) analysis of variance tests. Symbols indicate the statistical significance of each effect: ns indicates P. 0.10; (*), 0.10. P. 0.05; *, 0.05. P. 0.01; **, P, 0.01. Different letters indicate significant differences (P, 0.05 or 0.10. P. 0.05, when between brackets) between watered and control plants each day (only when T 3 W interactions were statistically significant). Vertical bars indicate standard errors. https://scispace.com/papers/minimal-power-start-up-circuit-design-for-self-biased-cmos-2xei25eqbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-uvpxecs3.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/minimal-unroll-factor-for-code-generation-of-software-3epfbb6oy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-for-sira-and-reuse-graphs-x5lk8645.png Figure 5: Example for SIRA and reuse graphs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-optimised-loop-unrolling-factors-of-scheduled-vs-1iabp6ed.png Table 6: Optimised loop unrolling factors of scheduled vs. unscheduled loops https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-code-compaction-ratio-random-ddg-single-3ceooru4.png Figure 13: Average code compaction ratio (random DDG, single register type) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-how-to-traverse-the-lattice-s-cqfk25sn.png Figure 7 portrays all values of the set S as a partial lattice. An arrow between two nodes means that the value in the first node is less than the value of the second node: a → b =⇒ a < b. The value µk represents the value of the reuse circuit number k. Because we assumed that µ values are sorted in ascending order, µk is the highest weight of all reuse circuits. α is the initial loop unrolling value. Each node is a potential solution (β) which can be considered as the minimal loop unrolling degree. A dashed node can not be a potential candidate because its value is greater than α. Let τ = α div µk be the number of the lines of the lattice. Each line describes a set of multiples. For example, the line j describes a set of multiples Sj = {β|∃rk, 0 ≤ rk ≤ R t, β = j × (µk + rk) ∧ β ≤ α} https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-statistics-on-ii-increase-and-necessary-spilling-1xb25le1.png Figure 21: Statistics on II increase and necessary spilling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-integration-of-loop-unroll-minimisation-inside-2s8e5h2d.png Figure 16: The integration of loop unroll minimisation inside a industrial compiler https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-loop-unrolling-minimisation-experiments-random-ddg-3fu80tdt.png Figure 12: Loop unrolling minimisation experiments (random DDG, single register type) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-to-highlight-the-short-comings-of-the-mve-21e0tzco.png Figure 2: Example to highlight the short-comings of the MVE technique https://scispace.com/papers/minimization-of-steady-state-losses-in-meshed-networks-using-1yij2nkteo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-result-of-dcf-1o941r7w.png Table 3: Result of DCF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-converter-losses-7-1ujlluon.png Figure 2: Evolution of converter losses [7] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outlook-of-vsc-hvdc-link-3nz6gvds.png Figure 1: Outlook of VSC HVDC link https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-vsc-hvdc-loss-model-373q6pz8.png Table 1: Typical VSC HVDC loss model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-losses-with-and-without-vsc-hvdc-link-qbr7ocrc.png Figure 4: Losses with and without VSC HVDC link https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-loading-of-vsc-hvdc-link-313bfjcb.png Figure 3: Optimal loading of VSC HVDC link https://scispace.com/papers/minimality-and-local-state-decompositions-of-a-nonlinear-j37znqiy03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-controllability-left-and-observability-right-2gl9o6rl.png Fig. 2. The controllability (left) and observability (right) functions for Example 5.2. https://scispace.com/papers/minimizing-breaks-by-maximizing-cuts-1t9vyvatyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-result-of-the-big-m-transformation-bold-edges-have-19n6c8yt.png Figure 2: Result of the big-M transformation. Bold edges have weight M , thin edges have weight 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-cut-of-maximum-capacity-22-1shqg0l4.png Figure 4: A cut of maximum capacity 22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-result-of-the-transformation-1l2oq0f9.png Figure 3: Result of the transformation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-feasible-schedules-for-eight-teams-92w0zh3d.png Figure 1: Two feasible schedules for eight teams https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-results-2j2kaqw0.png Table 1: Computational Results https://scispace.com/papers/minimum-time-control-of-the-restricted-three-body-problem-49ayquoocj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-portraits-of-the-switching-function-under-1ii016tb.png Figure 3: Phase portraits of the switching function under assumption (i). For z0 ∈ Σ−, the half-line θ = π− θb(z0) (resp. θ = θb(z0)) goes to the origin (resp. departs from the origin). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-earth-moon-system-u-1-21e-2-minimum-time-tf-from-the-1cp34jhx.png Table 1: Earth-Moon system (µ ' 1.21e − 2). Minimum time tf from the geostationary orbit to the L2 Lagrange point, and first conjugate time, t1c. That t1c > tf ensures local optimality of the computed extremal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-minimum-time-trajectory-in-the-earth-moon-system-u-35yx3g9o.png Figure 5: Minimum time trajectory in the Earth-Moon system (µ ' 1.21e− 2, ε = 2.44e−1). Left, in the rotating frame; right, in the fixed frame to emphasize capture by the second primary at the end of the transfer. Before the capture, the trajectory approaches the projection of the L2 point in the (q1, q2)-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-minimum-time-trajectory-for-e-betw-en-2-44e-1-and-2-2bugfapv.png Figure 6: Minimum time trajectory for ε betw en 2.44e − 1 and 2.196e − 1 (µ ' 1.21e− 2, rotating frame). As the control magnitude is decreased, strategies are evolved. In the upper graphs, the first two extremals have the same rotation number around the first primary nd oth wind around the second one positively. Conversely, the third extremal (bottom left) winds negatively around the second primary, whil the fourth (bottom right) makes an additional revolution around the first one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-projection-of-the-open-submanifold-x1u-in-the-q1-q2-3d968qfs.png Figure 2: Projection of the open submanifold X1µ in the (q1, q2, Jµ)-space. The boundary of the volume is an apparent contour generated by the projection. It is the zero velocity set. Above each interior point there is an S1-fibre corresponding to the argument of q̇. For µ ∈ (0, 1), j2 < j1 and X1µ is connex. It is necessary that Jµ becomes greater than j2 to make the transfer from x0 to xf . This strategy is observed on time minimum trajectories which pass in the neighbourhood of the L2 point (see Fig. 5, Section 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-three-dimensional-minimum-time-transfer-smart-1-2b8hejy1.png Figure 8: Three-dimensional minimum time transfer, SMART-1 boundary conditions (fixed frame). The control magnitude ε is 0.7 Newtons for an initial mass of 350 Kilograms and a specific impulse of 1640 seconds (the variation of mass has been taken into account for this simulation, see [29]). The final time is 26.2 days. The dotted black circle represents the orbit of the Moon. The green trajectory represents the uncontrolled motion after capture by the Moon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-continuation-on-e-down-to-e0-branch-1-yields-39h0ifiq.png Figure 7: Continuation on ε. Down to ε0, branch 1 yields minimizers. In the case of free final time, the shooting unknown is ξ = (tf , p0), p0 belonging to the zero level set of the Hamiltonian. Past ε0, global optimality is lost on branch 1 and a switch to branch 2 has to be made (resulting in a loss of regularity of the value function). Past the turning point on branch 1 (conjugacy of the target point), even local optimality is lost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conjugate-point-computation-rotating-frame-1814ks6q.png Figure 4: Conjugate point computation (rotating frame). Extremals (here projected on the (q1, q2)-space) from a circular orbit around the first primary towards the L2 Lagrange point are extended beyond the target. Conjugate points, in red, appear after tf , ensuring local optimality. Green dots indicate isocost (isotime) lines. https://scispace.com/papers/minimum-energy-broadcast-routing-in-static-ad-hoc-wireless-58yazp0f13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reduce-energy-consumption-through-relaying-1rcp0eq7.png Fig. 1. Reduce energy consumption through relaying. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-a-lune-and-b-diamond-s8xmvo3r.png Fig. 5. Illustration of (a) lune and (b) diamond. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-extreme-cases-for-d-p1p4-p1p3p2-16rntwlw.png Fig. 6. Two extreme cases for D (p1p4) ]p1p3p2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-three-cases-for-lemma-9-2i9lv3do.png Fig. 7. The three cases for Lemma 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-two-cases-for-lemma-10-earlprhs.png Fig. 8. Two cases for Lemma 10. https://scispace.com/papers/minimum-wages-morality-and-efficiency-a-choice-experiment-4rjttgtp6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-2-ratio-of-representation-experiment-participants-l9malup6.png Figure D.2: Ratio of Representation: Experiment Participants vs. U.S. Population https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-checks-on-attention-and-reliability-pm8qjngx.png Table B.1: Checks on Attention and Reliability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-3-beliefs-on-the-effect-of-study-on-policymakers-10wur2eu.png Figure D.3: Beliefs on the Effect of Study on Policymakers https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-selected-demographic-characteristics-of-experiment-oeg4evym.png Table D.3: Selected Demographic Characteristics of Experiment Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-detailed-repugnance-ratings-system-a-system-b-3ji2l8sk.png Table D.1: Detailed Repugnance Ratings System A System B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-1-ratings-of-system-a-minimum-wage-of-x-and-system-kqh6hyi9.png Figure D.1: Ratings of System A (minimum wage of $X) and System B (no minimum wage) on Moral Dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-selected-demographic-characteristics-of-experiment-31ghg2rf.png Table D.2: Selected Demographic Characteristics of Experiment Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-logit-estimates-1sfi458i.png Table C.1: Logit Estimates https://scispace.com/papers/mining-chains-of-relations-tuei26t3by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-few-statistics-collected-on-the-results-from-the-lti3y26j.png Fig. 2. A few statistics collected on the results from the Authority problem on the STOC dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-graphical-representation-of-the-general-framework-2d58h1zy.png Fig. 1. A graphical representation of the general framework: selecting a subset of nodes in the third level induces a bipartite subgraph between the first two levels. In this example, the conjunctive interpretation has been used to define the induced subgraph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-problems-and-proposed-algorithmic-tools-3tkkx2wn.png Table 1. Summary of problems and proposed algorithmic tools. Input is G = (A,P, T ;E1, E2). Given a selector set S ⊆ T we have defined GS = (AS , PS , S;E1,S , E2,S), and BS = (AS , PS ;E1,S). By S we denote the selector set which is a solution and by R any selector set. DSc (D R c resp.) is the degree of c in GS (GR resp.) and Dc is the degree of c in G. The asterisk means that experiments are run on variants of these problems and also that these problems are discussed in more detail in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/mining-incoherent-requirements-in-technical-specifications-5aisiszyui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-distribution-of-requirements-in-corpus-gujm7bmz.png Table 1 Overall distribution of requirements in corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-incoherence-mining-with-the-two-metrics-t5n55gtw.png Table 4 Summary of incoherence mining with the two metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-similarity-distribution-3s4vcg2r.png Table 3 Similarity distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-forms-of-incoherence-3gm5j1y0.png Table 5 Distribution of forms of incoherence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-size-of-requirements-1w79anj3.png Table 2 Overall size of requirements. https://scispace.com/papers/mining-meaning-from-wikipedia-v0b7koyx7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-size-of-ontologies-adapted-from-suchanek-et-al-2007-2b2cvvz1.png Table 7. Size of ontologies (adapted from Suchanek et al. [2007]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-infobox-for-the-library-of-congress-3t0y2rx6.png Figure 2. Infobox for the Library of Congress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-relations-inferred-from-by-categories-nastase-and-1ta85t34.png Figure 15. Relations inferred from BY categories [Nastase and Strube 2008]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-qualim-system-using-wikipedia-to-answer-who-is-3i04jp18.png Figure 7. The QuALiM system, using Wikipedia to answer Who is Tom Cruise married to? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fragment-of-wikipedias-category-structure-ponzetto-3mg8p0vn.png Figure 13. Fragment of Wikipedia’s category structure [Ponzetto, 2007]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-comparison-of-two-independent-techniques-1e4zhp8a.png Table 3. Performance comparison of two independent techniques on the same datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wikipedia-article-on-library-3pa4vhax.png Figure 1. Wikipedia article on Library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-countries-and-institutions-with-significant-1fve6en4.png Figure 16. Countries and institutions with significant research on mining meaning from Wikipedia. https://scispace.com/papers/mir-125-chinmo-pathway-regulates-dietary-restriction-rm1r3rdxwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-these-data-indicated-that-one-or-more-of-the-let-7-bvbivkju.png Table 1A). These data indicated that one or more of the let-7-C miRNAs were required for DR 88 mediated lifespan extension. 89 https://scispace.com/papers/mip-reformulations-of-the-probabilistic-set-covering-problem-3btufedb57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unsolved-instances-37agftbc.png Table 3: Unsolved Instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-beraldi-and-ruszczynskis-test-2q2x4i16.png Table 4: Characteristics of Beraldi and Ruszczyński’s test problems https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-summary-results-for-stationary-distribution-cwlp-13476zfr.png Table 20: Summary Results for Stationary Distribution: CWLP Instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-summary-results-for-stationary-distribution-2wmysygi.png Table 21: Summary Results for Stationary Distribution: Capacitated k-median Instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-summary-results-capacitated-k-median-instances-1lxyh6an.png Table 13: Summary Results: Capacitated k-Median Instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-performance-of-polarity-cuts-set-covering-instances-2d9nvopw.png Table 14: Performance of Polarity Cuts: Set Covering Instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-summary-results-sscflp-instances-1d2wxrx5.png Table 11: Summary Results: SSCFLP Instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-summary-results-cwlp-instances-q18ner7k.png Table 12: Summary Results: CWLP Instances https://scispace.com/papers/mir-31-3p-expression-and-benefit-from-anti-egfr-inhibitors-d1rr1fz4ax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proposed-workflow-for-the-analysis-of-mir-31-3p-3pdtx2h8.png Figure 5. Proposed workflow for the analysis of miR-31-3p expression in metastatic CRC patients. miR-31-3p might be recommended for left-sided, RAS wildtype patients eligible for resection and/or metastasectomy or for disease/symptoms control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-mir-31-3p-expression-in-sequential-3rru5ni3.png Figure 4. Analysis of miR-31-3p expression in sequential tissue biopsies in the PROSPECT-C trial. (A) MiR-31-3p expression was tested by in-situ hybridization in pre- and post-treatment tissue biopsies as well as after 3 months of treatment in case of partial response. MiR-31-3p scoring did not change over treatment in liver (1024 and 1041) or in nodal (1026) cancer deposits. (B) Axial enhanced CT images performed at https://scispace.com/papers/mir-455-3p-inhibits-hepatocellular-carcinoma-tumorigenesis-jdsv7s0u2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3u2l1urp.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7zpatgzy.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lm6huvwz.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kkhm03ks.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-289148by.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-f1p7syvl.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/mirror-neuron-system-activation-in-children-with-3ul64j3azt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-for-fmri-study-dcd-and-1k98bg3p.png Table 1. Participant characteristics for fMRI study (DCD and typically developing peers). 339 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-whole-brain-analysis-condition-comparison-cluster-3jvcv0x8.png Table 2. Whole brain analysis: Condition comparison (cluster level correction, p(FWE) < 0.05). 379 https://scispace.com/papers/mitigation-of-shallow-groundwater-nitrate-in-a-poorly-39acz175i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-and-standard-error-of-dissolved-nitrous-oxide-2codkxeg.png Fig. 8. Mean and standard error of dissolved nitrous oxide concentrations in the soil pore water of the A and C horizons of the riparian area and cropping system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-and-standard-error-of-nitrate-chloride-ratios-2ak648sl.png Table 2. Mean and standard error of nitrate/chloride ratios (mg N L21/mg Cl L21) in the riparian area (RA) and the cropping system (CS) for water year 1998–1999 in the A and C horizons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-and-standard-error-of-dissolved-organic-carbon-jxi0fu1r.png Fig. 6. Mean and standard error of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the soil pore water of the A and C horizons of the riparian area and cropping system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-and-standard-error-of-dissolved-oxygen-1dud7tjw.png Fig. 7. Mean and standard error of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the soil pore water of the A and C horizons of the riparian area and cropping system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-site-in-linn-county-or-and-2gv19v86.png Fig. 1. Location of the study site in Linn County, OR and placement of three transects of wells, running perpendicular to the stream from the cropping system through the riparian area to Lake Creek. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-closed-headspace-well-showing-a-inlet-for-the-1d9kod0m.png Fig. 2. Closed-headspace well showing (a) inlet for the introduction of Argon gas, (b) water sample collection tube, (c) plastic compression fitting, (d) screw top to well, (e) 15 cm screening (Baham et al., 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mean-and-standard-error-of-dissolved-inorganic-carbon-2vdbimj0.png Fig. 9. Mean and standard error of dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations in the soil pore water of the A and C horizons of the riparian area and cropping system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-and-standard-error-of-nitrate-concentrations-in-2da7rbct.png Fig. 3. Mean and standard error of nitrate concentrations in the soil pore water of the A and C horizons of the riparian area and cropping system. https://scispace.com/papers/mitochondrial-proliferation-in-the-permanent-vs-temporary-1gtbytguqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-temperature-acclimation-on-activities-of-cs-u9jzo63q.png Fig. 4. Effects of temperature acclimation on activities of CS (A) and COX (B) in the liver of Z. viviparus. Values are means SE (n 4–5). The COX data were tested for outliers at the 95% significance level by using Nalimov’s test (24). *Significant difference from the warm-acclimated control group. C: for determination of activation energy (Ea), data were pooled in 3 groups: days 0–2 (before), day 3–11 (during), and days 15–25 (after acclimation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-temperature-acclimation-over-time-on-mrna-ixn7rbyx.png Fig. 3. Effects of temperature acclimation over time on mRNA levels for CS (A) and COX2 (B) in the liver of Z. viviparus. The relative amounts of CISY and COX2 were determined by RPA. Data were corrected for loading differences by using the -actin signal (ACT-B). Values are means SE and are expressed relative to the warmacclimated control group (day 0), which was set to 1 (arbitrary units; AU). Data were tested for outliers at the 95% significance level by using Nalimov’s test (24). *Significant difference from the warmacclimated control group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-levels-of-cs-mrna-or-cox2-mrna-and-activity-in-liver-2oza23j1.png Table 2. Levels of CS mRNA or COX2 mRNA and activity in liver of long-term cold acclimated Zoarces viviparus and cold adapted Pachycara brachycephalum https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hepatosomatic-indices-and-condition-factors-of-long-2lyi7lnl.png Table 3. Hepatosomatic indices and condition factors of long-term cold acclimated Z. viviparus and cold adapted P. brachycephalum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-acclimation-and-adaptation-to-cold-on-the-nuxej8ox.png Fig. 5. Effect of acclimation and adaptation to cold on the ratio of CS to COX activities. Activity ratios were determined for each fish at 10°C. Values are means SE (n 4–6). *Significant difference from the warm-acclimated Baltic Sea fish. #Significant difference from the warm-acclimated North Sea eelpout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-rnase-protection-assay-of-mrna-levels-135hs5db.png Fig. 1. Representative RNase protection assay of mRNA levels for citrate synthase (CS; A) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit 2 (COX2; B) in the liver of Zoarces viviparus and Pachycara brachycephalum. The amounts of CISYp and COX2p relative to ACT-Bp were determined by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. A: lanes 1–3, individual Z. viviparus (Baltic Sea, 3.5°C); lanes 4–6, Z. viviparus (Baltic Sea, 13.5°C); lanes 7–9, P. brachycephalum (0°C). The unprotected probes without digestions are given as control (lanes 10 and 11). Whereas in the warm-acclimated Z. viviparus CISYp displayed lower intensities than ACT-Bp, CISYp intensities were significantly higher in coldacclimated and cold-adapted eelpout. B: lanes 1–2, individual Z. viviparus (Baltic Sea, 3.5°C); lanes 3–4, Z. viviparus (Baltic Sea, 13.5°C); lanes 5–6, P. brachycephalum (0°C). The unprotected probes without digestions are given as control (lanes 7 and 8). For COX2p, no differences relative to ACT-Bp could be detected. For quantification, a phosphor storage imaging system was used (see Table 2). f, Fulllength RNA probe; p, protected fragment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-enzymatic-activities-versus-mrna-levels-in-liver-of-36zvxvyb.png Fig. 6. Enzymatic activities versus mRNA levels in liver of long-term cold-acclimated Z. viviparus and cold-adapted Antarctic (Ant.) P. brachycephalum. A: CS. B: COX. Enzyme activities (10°C measuring temperature) and mRNA levels were normalized to the activity of warm-acclimated Z. viviparus from the Baltic Sea population. {, Z. viviparus [Baltic Sea (BS); 13.5°C]; }, Z. viviparus (Baltic Sea; 3.5°C); ‚, P. brachycephalum (0°C); F, Z. viviparus [North Sea (NS); 3.5°C]; E, Z. viviparus (North Sea; 10.0°C); dashed line, line of identity; solid line, linear regression for COX (y 0.91x; r2 0.930). Values are means SE (n 4–6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sequence-alignment-of-deduced-cs-and-cox-peptides-a-36plv6kb.png Fig. 2. Sequence alignment of deduced CS and COX peptides. A: cloned RT-PCR-products from Zoarces viviparus and P. brachycephalum were translated into the amino acid sequence (Zv CISY; Pb CISY), resulting in 1 open reading frame, and compared with the CS genes from Sus scrofa (Ss CISY; GenBank accession no. M21197) and the protein sequence from Gallus gallus (Gg CISY; GenBank accession no. P23007). B: translated COX2 sequences (Zv COX2; Pb COX2) are compared with the closest related fish sequences published so far: Plecoglossus altivelis (Pa COX2; GenBank accession no. NC002734) and Gadus morhua (Gm COX2; GenBank accession no. X99772; Ref. 15). Conserved mismatches are highlighted in light gray and nonconserved mismatches in dark gray. https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-effects-modeling-for-analyzing-land-use-change-in-the-1s7kg6hk63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-pantanal-subregion-of-caceres-mato-grosso-state-ycz048rw.png Fig. 1. Map of Pantanal subregion of Cáceres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-methodology-flowchart-lrt-is-the-likelihood-ratio-test-3uxkzmg7.png Fig. 2. Methodology flowchart (LRT is the Likelihood-Ratio Test and AIC is the Akaikes Information Criterion). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-area-use-type-30djljw6.png Fig. 4. Distribution of area use type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-95-percent-confidence-intervals-for-the-random-325xxjcu.png Fig. 6. The 95-percent confidence intervals for the random intercepts b i1 (left-panel) and random slopes bi2 (right-panel) in model (M4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-thematic-land-use-classes-in-the-2q38ruot.png Fig. 3. Distribution of thematic land use classes in the Pantanal subregion of Cáceres in 1993, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-matrix-factorization-a-novel-algorithm-for-the-4fc8gj9nta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-simulation-1mcs71oh.png Table 1: Parameters for the simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-the-reconstruction-r2-cancellation-25amy6o8.png Figure 4: Dependence of the reconstruction R2, cancellation, spatial synergies similarity, temporal synergies similarity on algorithm parameters (𝝀 and 𝝁). The plots illustrate the R2 values achieved when varying 𝜆 and 𝜇 (top left panel) and the Cancellation Index (top right panel). Some regions, corresponding especially to high values of 𝜆, can reduce cancellations but this effect is achieved with a reduction of spatial (bottom left) and temporal (bottom right) similarity of the extracted synergies. In the lower panel, a 3D surface reproduced the data of panel b together with the average level of cancellation of the ground truth data. We selected as values for the MMF-NMFpn simulations the following parameters: λ=50 and μ=0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-noise-on-r2-curves-and-selection-of-3sqnqgtg.png Figure 5: Effect of noise on R2 curves and selection of number of synergies. The ground truth data is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-overview-each-simulation-was-divided-w3djymb6.png Figure 1: Simulation overview. Each simulation was divided into 3 parts. The first was the generation of a set of ground truth spatial synergies WGT and combination coefficients (or temporal components) CGT . In the second part of the simulation, we extracted the synergies with the MMF algorithm and with the NMFpn algorithm from the simulated data WGT∙CGT corrupted by additive noise. Both algorithms included an initialization of the solutions (W0 and C0), iterative update based on gradient descent (MMF) or matrix multiplication (NMFpn), and a termination condition. Additionally, both algorithms were used to extract synergies with different noise levels to verify their robustness. Finally, the last step of the simulation was the comparison of the extracted synergies and coefficients with the ground truth ones. This assessment was based on comparing the reconstruction R2, the similarity between extracted and ground truth spatial synergies and combination coefficients, a cancellation index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-reconstruction-r2-cancellation-2dbir58c.png Figure 6: Distribution of reconstruction R2, cancellation index, spatial synergy similarity and temporal synergy similarity for different noise levels. Boxplots for the distributions of R2 (top left), cancellation index (top right), spatial synergy similarity (bottom left), and temporal coefficients similarity (bottom right) achieved by the MMF (blue) and NMFpn (red) algorithms with different noise levels. Data for 4 kinematic DoF and 8 muscles are simulated as combinations of 5 ground truth kinematic-muscular synergies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-ground-truth-synergies-and-combination-31v33g5w.png Figure 2: Example of ground truth synergies and combination coefficients. Top panel: an example of 5 simulated ground truth kinematic-muscular synergies (𝐖𝐆𝐓); bottom panel: simulated time-varying synergy combination coefficients for 8 different targets in the 4D kinematic space (𝐂𝐆𝐓); middle panel: simulated data generated by the activation of the synergies modulated by the coefficients (X = WGT CGT). The dimensionality of the data is 12 (8 muscle activations, 4 joint accelerations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-joint-angles-and-targets-left-the-following-joint-3ounqqc9.png Figure 3: Joint angles and targets. Left: The following joint angles were considered: Shoulder Plane of Elevation (ShPE: + for medial rotations, - for lateral rotation); Shoulder Elevation (ShE): + when elevating the limb, - when going in the direction of gravity); Shoulder Internal Rotation (ShI: + internal rotation, - external rotation); Elbow Flexion https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-mode-i-ii-interlaminar-fracture-of-carbon-epoxy-pl9kujgs9e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-interlaminar-fracture-37smz9xg.png Fig. 1 - Schematic representation of the interlaminar fracture tests performed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-the-crack-closure-increment-on-the-mode-2kf9g8uh.png Fig. 6 - Influence of the crack closure increment on the mode mix of a) MD90S MMB b) MD90A DCB specimens. Lines represent extrapolated limits [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-picture-of-the-mmb-fixture-13-1m1kx164.png Fig. 7 - Picture of the MMB fixture [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-forces-in-interlaminar-fracture-tests-2oyc9utq.png Fig. 2 - Forces in interlaminar fracture tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-typical-load-displacement-curves-in-a-high-mode-i-gii-bzcv1eds.png Fig. 8 - Typical load-displacement curves in a) high mode I (GII/G ≈ 12 %) MMB tests; b) high mode II (GII/G ≈ 85 %) MMB tests; c) DCB tests of MD45A and MD90A specimens; d) ENF tests of MD45A and MD90A specimens [13]. For clarity, some of the curves were offset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-picture-of-a-mmb-md90s-specimen-tested-with-a-high-1chlgj98.png Fig. 9 - Picture of a) MMB MD90S specimen tested with a high mode I (GII/G ≈ 12 %) setup b) DCB MD45A specimen [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-average-and-scatter-interval-of-measured-gc-values-1tct23i0.png Fig. 10 - Average and scatter interval of measured Gc values. The plots include linear regression fits to the GII/G > 25 % data of UD, MD0S, MD45S and MD90S specimens, as well as experimental data for MD45A and MD90A specimens [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-specimens-13-the-starter-1lb16ti8.png Table 1 - Main characteristics of the specimens [13]. The starter delamination is designated by ‘//’. https://scispace.com/papers/mobihealth-mobile-services-for-health-professionals-6cv9ayjcsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-service-platform-functional-architecture-1bcnsql3.png Figure 2. Service platform functional architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mobihealth-body-area-network-2fqi1vx6.png Figure 1. The MobiHealth Body Area Network https://scispace.com/papers/mobile-hosts-in-enterprise-service-integration-tx8cml9dpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-java-business-integration-architecture-wuuya2br.png Figure 3.14: Java business integration architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-message-flows-in-mobile-web-service-message-2ccp5hpd.png Figure 6.3: Message flows in mobile web service message optimization scenario (Adapted from [Srirama et al., 2008a]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-the-sbac-model-graphical-and-textual-3gh142ll.png Figure 4.11: The SBAC model: Graphical and textual representations (Adapted from [Naumenko et al., 2007b]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-scalability-evaluation-of-the-mobile-web-service-kbpvwx2d.png Figure 5.6: Scalability evaluation of the mobile web service discovery - test topologies (Adapted from [Srirama et al., 2008b]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-soap-engines-supporting-mobile-web-services-1hfwmokl.png Table 2.1: SOAP engines supporting mobile web services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-service-oriented-architecture-collaborations-3cn5oec4.png Figure 2.1: Service oriented architecture collaborations (Redrawn from [Gottschalk et al., 2002]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-9-class-diagram-of-the-expert-finder-module-adapted-33rcxgdb.png Figure 7.9: Class diagram of the Expert Finder Module (Adapted from [Ivanova, 2007]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-complete-mobile-web-service-discovery-process-1qk9ryh1.png Figure 5.8: Complete mobile web service discovery process https://scispace.com/papers/mo3s4-clusters-as-an-effective-h2-evolution-catalyst-on-260ydo1glu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cyclic-voltammograms-of-mo3s4-pmida-deposited-on-3cvzzlfk.png Figure 3. Cyclic voltammograms of Mo3S4-PMIDA deposited on 100 nm TiO2 / 7 nm Ti/n+p Si electrodes. These CV’s show that the photoelectrode can go to corrosive potentials without corroding the catalyst due to TiO2 acting as a blocking layer. These catalysts were deposited via dropcasting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cyclic-voltammograms-of-photoirradiated-mo3s4-133hh0k8.png Figure 2. A) Cyclic voltammograms of photoirradiated Mo3S4-Hpmida deposited on 100 nm TiO2 / 7 nm Ti/n+p Si electrodes initially and after 1 hour. B) Chronoamperometry test of the photoelectrodes used in part A. These catalysts were deposited via adsorption from a solution containing the catalyst. The electrode was held at +0.2 V vs. RHE during the test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cyclic-voltammograms-of-either-pt-or-mo3s4-pmida-22tbzcmx.png Figure 1. Cyclic voltammograms of either Pt or Mo3S4-PMIDA deposited on 100 nm TiO2 / 7 nm Ti/n+p Si electrodes for photocathodic H2 evolution. These catalysts were deposited via adsorption from a solution containing the catalyst. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-of-the-na5-mo3s4-hpmida-3-catalyst-structure-36j2c6xu.png Figure 4. Plot of the Na5[Mo3S4(Hpmida)3] catalyst structure used in this work as an H2 evolution catalyst. https://scispace.com/papers/mode-ii-delamination-toughness-of-z-pinned-laminates-2pbev68xnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculated-energy-release-rate-g-of-an-unpinned-enf-7eh398k4.png Figure 6. Calculated energy release rate G of an unpinned ENF specimen as a function of crack growth ∆a for different critical energy release rates, GII = 700 and 1000 J/m2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-predicted-crack-resistance-gr-curves-of-z-pinned-3slu1icw.png Figure 7(a). Predicted crack-resistance GR curves of z-pinned ENF laminates versus crack growth ∆a for different values of Ta while keeping constant δa of 0.01mm, compared to experimental data and an unpinned sample. (GIIC = 700 J/m 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-ytshanoc.png Figure 3(a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-influence-of-number-of-z-pin-columns-c-on-dmpai44e.png Figure 10. Influence of number of z-pin columns, c, on normalized delamination toughness, GR/GIIC, during crack growth with Ta/GIICh = 190.5, δa/h = 0.00667 and c/h = 2.33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-influence-of-normalized-pullout-model-parameter-ta-2ub401im.png Figure 9. Influence of normalized pullout model parameter, Ta/GIICh, on normalized delamination toughness, GR/GIIC, during crack growth with nc = 4, δa/h = 0.00667 and dc/h = 2.33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b-figure-3-c-332qnes8.png Figure 3(a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-constants-of-composite-laminate-1iccgqct.png Table 1. Material constants of composite laminate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-parameters-to-describe-enf-and-z-pinning-133h6jdc.png Table 2. Values of parameters to describe ENF and z-pinning. https://scispace.com/papers/mode-locked-operation-of-a-diode-pumped-femtosecond-yb-srf2-1gzhxby32u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-spectrum-and-temporal-shape-comparisons-2rc6je62.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Spectrum and temporal shape comparisons with the sech2 and the Gaussian shapes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-spatial-beam-profiles-in-ml-and-qs-3puapppw.png Fig. 5. (Color online) Spatial beam profiles in ML and QS regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-spectra-left-and-spectral-phase-for-the-m0tu5cev.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Spectra (left) and spectral phase for the 143 fs pulses directly measured with a spectrometer, retrieved from a SHG FROG (right) and fitted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-output-average-power-and-pulse-duration-305y95p0.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Output average power and pulse duration versus pump power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-experimental-setup-33jbhreg.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-compared-emission-and-absorption-inset-27x3rust.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Compared emission and absorption (inset) spectra of Yb:SrF2 and Yb:CaF2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-spectra-of-the-173-and-143-fs-pulses-and-1s5f0sne.png Fig. 7. (Color online) Spectra of the 173 and 143 fs pulses and normalized gain cross sections of Yb:SrF2 for a typical estimate of : =8% and 12%. https://scispace.com/papers/mode-separation-of-the-josephson-plasma-in-bi-2-sr-2-cacu-2-20r3bp9pjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-diagram-of-the-crystal-with-microwave-co-3oyd2mez.png FIG. 7. Schematic diagram of the crystal with microwave co ponentHrfiy for the transverse plasma excitation. The solid arro indicate the hypothetical external current (j) induced byHrf . The current parallel to thec axis penetrates much deeper than the o parallel to theab plane becauselc /lab is as large as 1000 in Bi 2Sr2CaCu2O81d . This current along thec axis drives the oscillating electric field ofErf , which excites the transverse Josephs plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-resonance-field-diagram-for-samplea-as-a-function-3kb9n4uj.png FIG. 8. The resonance field diagram for sampleA as a function of the sample sizeL at 35 GHz and 25 K. The solid symbol indicate the transverse plasma resonance, which shows dive character in the case ofHrfiab, and solid lines indicate the fitted results by Eq.~18!. The open symbols represent the sharp resona field which appears at the lower field. The horizontal dotted line a guide to the eye. The inset displays the same diagram for sa B in which the size dependence of the resonance inErf c was also measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-measuring-system-used-in-present-3qncwbrt.png FIG. 2. Block diagram of the measuring system used in present microwave experiment. This configuration is commo used as an ESR spectrometer. The incident microwave frequen stabilized by the AFC~automatic frequency controller! and the absorption is detected by a Shottky barrier diode. The supercond ing magnet can generate a horizontal magnetic field up to 60 k https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-document-and-report-generation-for-systems-56x1icdz6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-scenario-viewpoint-2e8o07eo.png Figure 10. Scenario Viewpoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mel-viewpoint-cuv3fcub.png Figure 9. MEL Viewpoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mathematical-representation-of-viewpoint-and-view-2ylk800g.png Figure 2. Mathematical representation of Viewpoint and View https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metamodel-of-basic-viewpoint-and-view-2xb9ksa3.png Figure 1. Metamodel of Basic Viewpoint and View https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-model-based-engineering-environment-3umvifoc.png Figure 11. Model Based Engineering Environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-simplified-workflow-usb16v32.png Figure 12. Simplified Workflow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-current-mbee-components-61aklki6.png Figure 13. Current MBEE Components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-docweb-example-a-generated-document-with-10krqrt4.png Figure 21. DocWeb Example - A generated document with navigation on the left and section content on the right https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-reconstruction-for-illumination-variation-in-3mys2kv9qw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-roc-of-the-face-recognition-experiment-on-the-10bx4u88.png Figure 5. The ROC of the face recognition experiment on the FRCGv1 database, where the solid line is our correction method, the dashed line is the method describe in [11] and the dotted-dashed line are the uncorrected images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-face-images-from-the-frgcv1-database-the-first-row-1aeju0fd.png Figure 4. Face images from the FRGCv1 database, the first row contains uncorrected images, the second row contains the corrected images, with for both persons a controlled and uncontrolled images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-roc-of-the-face-recognition-experiment-on-the-3u745cuh.png Figure 3. The ROC of the face recognition experiment on the Yale B databases, where the solid line is our correction method, the dashed line is the method describe in [11] and the dotted-dashed line is for the uncorrected images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-face-images-from-the-yale-b-database-the-first-row-1mw54t5s.png Figure 2. Face images from the Yale B database, the first row contains uncorrected images, the second row contains the correction of [11] and the last row is corrected using our method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mean-shape-and-first-five-deviation-of-the-1kl2ts48.png Figure 1. The mean shape and first five deviation of the shape model, on the face shape we draw the face image under frontal illumination https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-software-engineering-to-tame-the-iot-jungle-5wrab9u9pa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pressure-compensation-algorithm-expressed-as-a-2p1mbn3n.png Figure 3. A pressure compensation algorithm expressed as a ThingML CEP (complex event processing) stream. The pressure sensors leverage CEP to implement and tune the pressure compensation algorithm required for precise measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-platform-independent-and-platform-specific-3w2vd36w.png Figure 1. Platform-independent and platform-specific components in ThingML. The blue code is plain JavaScript code in which we initialize the Z-Wave driver and register callbacks. These callbacks contain ThingML code to emit ThingML events when the callbacks are invoked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-snippet-of-tellus-e-health-and-home-automation-271grr0w.png Figure 2. A snippet of Tellu’s e-health and home automation solution. (a) An overview of the infrastructure and deployment. (b) An excerpt of the state machine employed in the gateway. The gateway uses dynamic https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-testing-of-vhdl-programs-nih569o3ra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fsm-of-the-seat-belt-controller-1c0n8dxn.png Fig. 4. FSM of the seat-belt controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-approach-of-circuit-testing-using-model-checker-14eqhs60.png Fig. 1. The approach of circuit testing using model checker https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-excerpt-from-the-microprocessors-vhdl-code-2gur0047.png Fig. 7. Excerpt from the microprocessor’s VHDL code https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-assembly-program-for-the-seat-belt-controller-nr4s6363.png Fig. 5. Assembly program for the seat belt controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-test-automaton-representing-the-car-driver-and-a-crash-2aorxgvj.png Fig. 6. Test automaton representing the car driver and a crash https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-upabs3-commands-3hiftre4.png TABLE I. µPabs3 commands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-upabs3-connection-diagram-for-the-case-study-32k38kz7.png Fig. 3. µPabs3 connection diagram for the case study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-bench-in-vhdl-which-is-generated-from-a-test-2pqeswa8.png Fig. 2. Test bench in VHDL, which is generated from a test trace https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-testing-of-global-properties-on-large-scale-crnrynmhsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chord-routing-3t7z4mre.png Fig. 3. Chord routing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-architecture-um-1ljaz3pa.png Fig. 4. Test architecture – UM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-architecture-topology-35fkz3ml.png Fig. 5. Test architecture topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-routing-table-update-shrinking-system-3t3m1qos.png Fig. 10. Routing table update (shrinking system). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-routing-table-update-expanding-system-35hzowzg.png Fig. 9. Routing table update (expanding system). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-uml-class-diagram-describing-system-properties-2fxrowk9.png Fig. 6. UML class diagram describing system properties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bootstrapping-test-results-x8jhrb8y.png Table 1 Bootstrapping test results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bootstrapping-process-512-nodes-27628zpp.png Fig. 8. Bootstrapping process (512 nodes). https://scispace.com/papers/model-calibration-efforts-for-the-international-space-4spw7ypzmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-revised-parameter-set-model-bounds-ap8bl637.png Figure 11. Revised parameter set model bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-test-response-2r1vmtdn.png Figure 8. Mean test response. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-revised-parameters-1aah060r.png Table 2. Revised Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-tapered-longeron-model-response-2lhb6ric.png Figure 14. Tapered-longeron model response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-calibration-process-1bmjtm3u.png Figure 9. Calibration process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-initial-parameter-set-model-bounds-bwa49h39.png Figure 10. Initial parameter set model bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-optimized-parameter-set-model-bounds-3gk07k9w.png Figure 13. Optimized parameter set model bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-longeron-22rxi4xs.png Figure 3. Typical longeron. https://scispace.com/papers/model-motif-based-deep-feature-learning-for-link-prediction-4ku4r1o4my 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-avg-rank-of-potential-weak-ties-2vj0intv.png Fig. 5: Avg. Rank of potential weak ties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-influences-of-motif-types-on-auc-3kv79wgo.png TABLE IV: Influences of motif types on AUC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-all-three-node-and-four-node-motifs-circles-represent-1hwoxftm.png Fig. 1: All three-node and four-node motifs. Circles represent vertices, and lines represent edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-universal-framework-of-autoencoder-the-left-part-is-21bi1ax2.png Fig. 2: A universal framework of autoencoder. The left part is an encoder and the right part is a decoder. In the autoencoder, x is the input vector, y is the output vector, and x′ is the reconstructed vector of x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-of-ten-algorithms-on-precisionk-3g4513j6.png Fig. 4: Comparisons of ten algorithms on PrecisionK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-overall-framework-of-model-the-model-first-selects-3uyj3wti.png Fig. 3: The overall framework of MODEL. The model first selects a motif composed of vi, vj and vk, and a negative vertex vl. The vectorized neighbors of the four vertices are inputted simultaneously into four autoencoders sharing the same parameters. The outputs of autoencoders, yi, yj , yk and yl, serve as learned features of their corresponding vertices. Due to the first-order proximity, a loss term is added for yi, yj and yk. Meanwhile, a separate loss term is used to distinguish a motif from a negative vertex in the vector space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-average-number-of-motifs-each-vertex-resides-in-2598dopt.png TABLE V: Average number of motifs each vertex resides in https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparisons-of-ten-algorithms-on-auc-28khhwam.png TABLE III: Comparisons of ten algorithms on AUC https://scispace.com/papers/model-predictive-control-for-distributed-microgrid-battery-2ioh5bvdwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-case-study-microgrid-3ls1p897.png Fig. 6. Case study microgrid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nominal-total-microgrid-load-profile-for-bus-voltages-xf9nycui.png Fig. 8. Nominal total microgrid load profile (for bus voltages of 415V) and predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-real-time-simulation-parameters-eys2c9fq.png TABLE I REAL-TIME SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pv-generation-real-output-power-and-predictions-3jc5lg1a.png Fig. 7. PV generation real output power and predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-battery-es-system-real-output-powers-2jpzu3c2.png Fig. 9. Battery ES system real output powers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-vsc-rms-inductor-phase-currents-3hcn9q68.png Fig. 12. VSC RMS inductor phase currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-vsc-per-unit-rms-output-voltages-zji5u2uu.png Fig. 13. VSC per unit RMS output voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-and-4-show-the-effect-of-the-soc-and-output-power-on-1cawie2f.png Fig. 3 and 4 show the effect of the SoC and output power on the charge and discharge efficiency. As shown, second order polynomials provide good approximations for the efficiency over the ranges of interest for the output power (-100kW to 100kW) and SoC (20% to 100%). https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-estimation-of-the-direction-delay-power-4y28hifbo5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-db-spread-surface-of-the-azimuth-elevation-delay-psd-11mxatcv.png Fig. 1. 3 dB-spread surface of the azimuth–elevation–delay psd calculated using (15) with the parameter setting given above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bartlett-azimuth-elevation-delay-spectrum-first-two-34b5ineq.png Fig. 5. Bartlett azimuth–elevation–delay spectrum (first two columns) and estimated azimuth–elevation–delay power spectrum computed from the parameter estimates returned by the SAGE algorithm (third column). Each row is plotted for the delay given to its left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3-db-spread-surfaces-of-estimated-component-azimuth-tlj6voi7.png Fig. 4. 3 dB-spread surfaces of estimated component azimuth–elevation– delay power spectra. The color of the surfaces codes the component power estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-delay-power-spectrum-of-the-received-signal-2cuj8vb8.png Fig. 3. Estimated delay power spectrum of the received signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-the-investigated-propagation-environment-3jtqwqb8.png Fig. 2. Map of the investigated propagation environment. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-bacteria-fate-and-transport-in-watersheds-to-3mpb3uky08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mill-creek-vav-b38r-with-subwatersheds-and-water-1k3sbn54.png Figure 1. Mill Creek (VAV−B38R) with subwatersheds and water−quality monitoring stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flow-duration-analysis-of-fecal-coliform-bacteria-1b0rq3yd.png Figure 5. Flow−duration analysis of fecal coliform bacteria loads for the Kansas River at Lecompton before (closed circles) and after (open circles) establishment of a TMDL in 1999, and after initiation of wastewater disinfection at Topeka (open triangles) in 2003 (modified from KDHE, 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-and-simulated-fecal-coliform-1q66rd6c.png Figure 2. Observed and simulated fecal coliform concentrations for the water−quality validation period (2001−2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frequency-curve-of-measured-and-simulated-fecal-3uq2yuy0.png Figure 4. Frequency curve of measured and simulated fecal coliform concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bacteria-allocation-scenarios-for-the-shoal-creek-2j902j8h.png Table 5. Bacteria allocation scenarios for the Shoal Creek watershed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bacteria-allocation-scenarios-for-the-mill-creek-lg0jqjji.png Table 3. Bacteria allocation scenarios for the Mill Creek watershed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-common-bacteria-sources-considered-in-tmdl-studies-2yltnv7a.png Table 1. Common bacteria sources considered in TMDL studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-information-sources-used-to-quantify-bacteria-2svmt67b.png Table 2. Common information sources used to quantify bacteria sources. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-forecasting-daily-electricity-load-curves-a-1j2i3m09mc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-decomposition-of-the-daily-curves-from-2008-with-3219bi79.png Figure 10: Decomposition of the daily curves from 2008 with respect to the first principal component estimated from the pooled daily curves between 1996 and 2008: seasonal segments are denoted by dotted, red lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-day-types-furnished-by-the-edf-experts-9avvyipz.png Table 1: Day types furnished by the EDF experts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-53-curves-xli-top-left-xti-top-middle-and-yi-68xwe1xh.png Figure 7: The 53 curves XLi (·) (top-left), XTi (·) (top-middle) and Yi(·) (top-bottom), together with their respective mean curves plotted together in bold black. The demeaned and standardised curves are plotted in the bottom panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bar-plots-of-mape-top-and-rmse-bottom-with-respect-1dup68cq.png Figure 11: Bar plots of MAPE (top) and RMSE (bottom) with respect to months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weekly-average-electricity-load-in-france-from-1996-ea96j3oo.png Figure 2: Weekly average electricity load in France from 1996 to 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plots-of-ic2-q-against-q-for-100-different-values-2bsq52g1.png Figure 8: Plots of IC2(q) against q for 100 different values of τ2. The curves with the minimum attained at q = 4 are highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-f1-f6-from-model-1-shaded-regions-1isccssb.png Figure 4: Estimated f1, . . . , f6 from model (1); shaded regions represent the confidence bands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-mape-and-rmse-of-the-electricity-load-202luxx0.png Table 2: Summary of MAPE and RMSE of the electricity load forecasts for 01/01/2009– 31/12/2009 from our hybrid modelling (H1, H2, H3, H4), oracle, base, SARIMA, GSARIMA, EST and operational model. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-labial-coarticulation-with-bidirectional-gated-16nydn7uiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-trajectories-for-the-sensors-located-at-the-2c2r8lmx.png Figure 5: Sample trajectories for the sensors located at the center of the upper lips. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neural-architectures-from-left-to-right-baseline-77b601hp.png Figure 2: Neural Architectures - From left to right: baseline model, injecting PCA eigenvectors, injecting blendshape knowledge and using autoencoder’s decoder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-violin-plot-of-performances-per-architecture-blue-14b26p9v.png Figure 4: Violin plot of performances per architecture - Blue corresponds to a random initialization without normalization, green to a random initialization with normalization and orange to an architecture with parameters injection. Upper plots present the RMSE in mm and lower plots the Pearson’s correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sensors-location-of-our-audiovisual-corpus-2yscmomn.png Figure 1: Sensors location of our audiovisual corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pca-blendshape-and-autoencoder-errors-when-1op1v8sk.png Table 1: PCA, Blendshape and Autoencoder errors when compressing and reconstructing the test set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-loss-per-epoch-black-lines-are-the-training-1jfjezck.png Figure 3: Average loss per epoch - Black lines are the training losses and red lines are validation losses. Dashed lines represent average location of minimal validation loss. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-multiple-relationships-in-social-networks-1euupxm3gq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-a-and-b-values-for-the-managers-in-year-1-26uox0fn.png Figure 1 the a And b VAlues FOr the mAnAgers in YeAr 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizes-how-the-different-model-parameters-can-be-irtk0vv2.png Table 1 summarizes how the different model parameters can be related to substantive issues of interest. Given that the model components work in tandem, a parameter may also be related to other aspects apart from the one shown in the table. For example, r1 is needed to capture reciprocity, but may also represent the impact of other shared unobservables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-a-and-b-values-for-the-managers-in-year-2-s8qebvsb.png Figure 2 the a And b VAlues FOr the mAnAgers in YeAr 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reports-the-recovery-of-the-sequential-dyadic-2tz6wx8j.png Table 2 reports the recovery of the sequential dyadic patterns. The columns report the absolute deviations between the actual frequencies and those predicted by the different models. The last row of the table reports the mean absolute deviations (MAD) across all the patterns for each model. It is clear that the uncorrelated model (Uncorr), which ignores cross-year linkages and models the two years separately, is significantly worse in recovering the cross-relationship dyadic patterns compared with the other models. All other models are roughly similar in their recovery, with the team model being the best. This indicates that it is important to model the https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-point-defects-and-rare-gas-incorporation-in-4hpnidraju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-potentials-parameters-fitted-to-reproduce-1b0rabae.png Table 1 Empirical potentials parameters fitted to reproduce the physical properties of uranium mono-carbide https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-calculated-properties-using-the-9u7lstqz.png Table 2 Comparison between calculated properties using the EAM potential (see Table 1 for parameters) and the corresponding experimental values https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-migration-energies-of-uranium-and-carbon-in-uc-as-a-13n82yrq.png Table 4 Migration energies of uranium and carbon in UC as a function of the stoichiometry calculated using values reported on Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-insertion-energies-of-he-kr-and-xe-in-uc-1dhh79u1.png Table 5 Insertion energies of He, Kr and Xe in UC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-formation-energies-and-activation-135709qz.png Table 3 Calculated formation energies and activation energies for migration for carbon and uranium in UC https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-a-cmos-convective-accelerometer-for-hdl-8lnjq43k6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-top-view-of-the-sensor-under-study-b-cross-2bvkxz1g.png Figure 1. (a) top view of the sensor under study. (b) Cross section of the sensor with dimension parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-functionnal-bloc-representation-of-the-model-1zseda77.png Figure 3. Functionnal bloc representation of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-picture-of-the-test-vehicle-and-associated-physical-16iii61k.png Figure 2. Picture of the test vehicle and associated physical parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-change-along-x-axis-for-a-1g-2z79077z.png Figure 6. Temperature change along x-axis for a 1g acceleration. Comparison beetween FEM simulation and analytical result. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characterization-of-the-heater-temperature-as-a-2uwiiphu.png Figure 4. Characterization of the heater temperature as a function of the electrical power supplied to the resistor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-profile-along-x-axis-without-fcnh62m8.png Figure 5. Temperature profile along x-axis, without acceleration, from the heater center (x=0) to the cavity boundary (x=570µm) with Th=700K, Ta=300K. Comparison beetween FEM simulation and analytical result. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-spin-metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-3atex0v103 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-intensity-plot-of-the-majority-spin-c1rks4lv.png FIG. 3. Color online a Intensity plot of the majority spin density Du r where it is scaled to present color contrast, i.e., Du r 0.8 for the case where magnetization is in a parallel and b antiparallel configuration respectively. The terminal bias for both cases are VG=0.6 V and VD=0.6 V. The energy-resolved current is plotted to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-current-voltage-characteristics-for-spin-mosfet-with-2zjleio3.png FIG. 2. a Current-voltage characteristics for spin MOSFET with the contacts magnetization in parallel configuration plotted for VG=0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 V. b Current-voltage characteristics for spin MOSFET with the contacts magnetization in antiparallel configuration plotted for VG=0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mr-ratio-mr-ip-iap-iap-plotted-for-vg-0-2-0-4-and-0-6-in3fefru.png FIG. 4. MR ratio, MR= IP− IAP / IAP, plotted for VG=0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 V. The lines are the least square fitted to data points with VD 0.3 V for each VG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-spin-polarization-p-in-the-channel-as-a-3ckvq1o2.png FIG. 5. Color online a Spin polarization P in the channel as a function of the interface scattering strength characterized by a, for spin injection through a SB in a HMF/Si structure. b Current-voltage characteristics for spin MOSFET with the contacts magnetization in parallel configuration plotted for VG=0.6 V. All spin currents are measured at the drain. c Current-voltage characteristics for spin-MOSFET with the contacts magnetization in antiparallel configuration plotted for VG=0.6 V. For both cases, the spin relaxation strength at the HMF/semiconductor interfaces on both the detector and injector sides are characterized by a=0.5 eV2 nm. The minority spin current is plotted as dashed curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-and-b-plot-the-equivalent-circuit-for-the-parallel-79nvfo1b.png FIG. 11. a and b plot the equivalent circuit for the parallel and antiparallel configuration of a spin MOSFET in the Ohmic regime where r / is the resistance of the majority/minority spins in the HFM contacts, rc the channel resistance and r is the resistance related to spin dephasing. The transistor switch in the equivalent circuit model has a threshold voltage of s−Ew. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-three-2z7ybcbr.png FIG. 1. Color online a A schematic illustration of the three terminal i.e., gate contact VG, drain contact VD and source contact VS spin MOSFET device. A double-gate structure is employed. b A zoom-in illustration of the supercell used for the construction of device Hamiltonian depicting the various self-energies used in the calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-same-as-in-fig-7-for-the-antiparallel-1l4ht9p5.png FIG. 8. Color online Same as in Fig. 7, for the antiparallel directions of magnetization of source and drain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-intensity-plot-of-the-a-majority-spin-3uhk2gz0.png FIG. 6. Color online Intensity plot of the a majority spin density nu r and b minority spin density nd r where it is scaled to present color contrast, i.e., nu r 0.8 and 10 nd r 0.8, respectively for the case where magnetization is in parallel. Similar plots for the majority and minority spin density for the antiparallel configuration in c and d , respectively. The terminal bias for both cases are VG=VD=0.6 V. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-transient-ni-like-ag-x-ray-laser-1pegejqoow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporally-resolved-average-ionisation-within-each-1524g63l.png Figure 5: Temporally resolved average ionisation within each of the 98 Lagrangian cells expanding away from the target surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-evolution-of-the-free-electron-density-as-2t9bs6bu.png Figure 3: Temporal evolution of the free electron density as a function of time and distance away from the target surface. High gain peak predicted in figure 2 is shown to reside at below 15u.m from the target were steep density gradients and the associated refractive effects would prohibit extensive sampling by the x-ray laser beam. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-power-flow-in-a-hoist-motor-of-a-rubber-tired-1hvf7w990m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-values-chosen-for-approximating-the-conversion-3sn57oks.png TABLE II VALUES CHOSEN FOR APPROXIMATING THE CONVERSION LOSSES FROM MECHANICAL TO ELECTRIC POWER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-load-torque-on-the-hoist-motor-calculated-from-mass-qgmiqakn.png Fig. 8. Load torque on the hoist motor calculated from mass and acceleration of the container and the geometry of the system. A 10 t container is lowered (first 23 seconds) and later it is raised again to approximately the same height. The boundaries (in red) are the theoretical maximum and minimum values for the calculated torque. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-rmsd-values-of-the-proposed-model-and-the-constant-2vicexcr.png TABLE III RMSD VALUES OF THE PROPOSED MODEL AND THE CONSTANT POWER APPROXIMATION. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-measured-ranges-of-rope-length-c-container-vertical-16993cpf.png TABLE I MEASURED RANGES OF ROPE LENGTH c, CONTAINER VERTICAL POSITION b AND ROPE ANGLE θ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-between-vertical-speed-and-rope-speed-in-6dtt4f8u.png Fig. 4. Ratio between vertical speed and rope speed in function of rope length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-forces-imposed-by-the-hoist-motor-on-the-container-861out87.png Fig. 5. Forces imposed by the hoist motor on the container when lifting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simplified-1-rope-geometry-of-the-hoisting-mechanism-38uzdaje.png Fig. 3. Simplified 1-rope geometry of the hoisting mechanism. At time t1 the container vertical position is lower so b(t1) and c(t1) are higher, therefore angle θ(t1) is smaller. At time t2 the vertical position is higher. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rubber-tyred-gantry-crane-in-use-at-the-port-of-2kage911.png Fig. 2. Rubber-Tyred Gantry crane in use at the Port of Felixstowe. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-the-stable-water-isotope-expression-of-el-nino-in-545ie27pdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-temperature-d18osw-and-d-18of-from-the-last-50-22yh0g80.png Figure 8. Temperature, δ18Osw and δ 18OF from the last 50 years of the simulations, for the gridbox containing ODP846 (3◦S, 90◦W). Red/blue/black shows times when the model is in an El Niño/La Niña/neutral state. Dashed lines are drawn on each figure to highlight ‘extreme’ warm events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modeled-individual-foraminifera-calculated-from-3loqtmyy.png Figure 7. Modeled individual foraminifera (calculated from monthly data) for the last 50 years of the preindustrial (top) and mPWP (bottom) simulations at the gridbox representing ODP846 (3◦S, 90◦C). Black crosses represent times when the model was in a neutral state, red crosses represent times when the model was in an El Niño state and blue crosses represent times when the model was in a La Niña state. Different depths are presented to represent results for different foraminifera species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anomalies-between-el-nino-en-and-neutral-nt-climate-1vnajtwt.png Figure 1. Anomalies between El Niño (EN) and neutral (NT) climate states for the preindustrial (left), mPWP (center) and the difference between them (mPWP EN-NT anomalies minus preindustrial EN-NT anomalies; right). Sites discussed in section 4 are shown as: a) 0◦N, 190◦E - circle, b) 7◦S, 81◦W - square, c) 3◦S, 141◦E - triangle d) 16◦S, 175◦E - diamond. The location of the coral data of Watanabe et al. [2011] is marked by the star. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enso-detection-skill-for-modeled-pseudocorals-158p5xte.png Figure 5. ENSO detection skill for modeled ’pseudocorals’ across the Pacific. See section 4.1 for a discussion of how the skill was calculated. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-strategies-for-storing-data-in-distributed-18c57m3ych 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overall-architecture-of-herm-framework-3cdllrfp.png Fig. 3: Overall architecture of HerM Framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-internal-average-query-time-comparison-xppeo86t.png Fig. 4: Internal average query time comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-herm-meta-model-35fdwb9a.png Fig. 1: HerM Meta Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-query-run-times-g3devtki.png Table 1: Average query run times https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-simulation-and-practice-of-floor-control-for-1jzfcbqwpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fairness-properties-1v7kmnnv.png Table 5. Fairness Properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-node-manager-for-a-moderator-on-desktop-11n8oib7.png Fig. 8. Node Manager for a Moderator on Desktop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-player-turn-taking-mechanism-for-chess-game-2ijuds75.png Fig. 7. Two-player Turn-taking Mechanism for Chess Game Application https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-liveness-properties-of-modeled-control-mechanisms-22vebr7m.png Table 4. Liveness Properties of Modeled Control Mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-locking-mechanism-by-logical-token-passing-in-chess-9kr15c91.png Fig. 16. Locking Mechanism by Logical Token-passing in Chess Game https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-locking-mechanism-of-shared-whiteboard-2456ivwo.png Fig. 15. Locking Mechanism of Shared Whiteboard https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-screenshot-of-collaboration-between-desktop-and-cell-pe1eiwvn.png Fig. 1. A Screenshot of Collaboration between Desktop and Cell Phone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-xgsp-floor-policy-with-the-role-name-acfg5h8y.png Fig. 3. An example of XGSP-Floor Policy with the Role Name mobile-user and Application Name whiteboard (wb) https://scispace.com/papers/modelisation-basses-frequences-d-un-haut-parleur-2xyfic6a99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1o74j30u.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1kdqqs49.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-and-control-of-hybrid-electric-vehicles-a-1hmutec0id 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parallel-hybrid-electric-vehicle-3tbe8e75.png Figure 3: Parallel hybrid electric vehicle https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-performance-in-control-laws-for-the-sp-10rd84cn.png Table 3: Comparison of performance in control laws for the SP-SDP and SDP controller (Source [70]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-battery-voltage-variations-for-the-dip-and-pbc-2o9t1vu4.png Figure 26: Battery voltage variations for the DIP and PBC fuzzy controller (source [125]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-information-flow-in-a-kinematic-or-backward-hev-3jcqzhby.png Figure 6: Information flow in a kinematic or backward HEV model. Source [26] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-layout-of-fuzzy-controller-with-driver-intention-2zpp4bou.png Figure 30: Layout of fuzzy controller with driver intention predictor and driver torque computation (source [134]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-comparison-between-electric-assist-control-and-lq096x73.png Table 15: Comparison between electric assist control and fuzzy logic control (source [135]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-comparison-of-normalised-losses-for-a-default-psat-axoqtjjl.png Table 11: Comparison of normalised losses for a default PSAT controller and a Fuzzy logic controller (source [107]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-simulation-results-from-a-fuzzy-logic-energy-mz0vl3dw.png Table 16: Simulation results from a fuzzy logic energy management strategy (source [136]) https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-benefits-oriented-costs-for-technology-enhanced-kqqcw12sqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-staff-hours-needed-to-prepare-and-present-the-study-3arsvl4n.png Table 5: Staff hours needed to prepare and present the study hours defined for each method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-staff-hours-needed-to-prepare-and-present-the-study-10whtelw.png Table 6: Staff hours needed to prepare and present the study hours defined for each method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-student-time-to-be-spent-on-learning-activities-for-dmp8yg5p.png Table 4: Student time to be spent on learning activities for each teaching medium https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-staff-hours-needed-to-prepare-and-present-one-hour-16nxnh39.png Table 3: Staff hours needed to prepare and present one hour of learning/study time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contrasting-approaches-to-costing-parameters-for-sxurktyr.png Table 1: Contrasting approaches to costing parameters for comparing traditional and technology-based teaching https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differential-distribution-of-type-of-learning-n44jsaqe.png Table 2: Differential distribution of type of learning activity across different teaching media, those in italics being computer-based https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-asymmetric-market-volatility-with-univariate-garch-4q4ej3px6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-arch-lm-test-results-1fb5w6l8.png Table 3: ARCH-LM test results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normal-quantile-quantile-plots-of-the-egarch-1cisl0w3.png Figure 2: Normal Quantile-Quantile Plots of the EGARCH residuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-nasdaq-100-return-28200ynz.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of the Nasdaq-100 return series https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unit-root-test-results-aml7hbs7.png Table 2: Unit root test results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nasdaq-100-index-price-left-and-return-right-series-1wcexdj8.png Figure 1: Nasdaq-100 index price (left) and return (right) series graph https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-of-garch-models-3jwlg3xq.png Table 4: Estimation results of GARCH models https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-equilibrium-adsorption-of-single-binary-and-zle33niuhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3iwmqwi3.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-cracking-damage-of-asphalt-mixtures-under-1yoazd6vzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-laboratory-test-configuration-for-uniaxial-28kjbz48.png Figure 2. Laboratory test configuration for uniaxial compressive creep, strength and repeated load tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-paris-law-coefficients-obtained-from-monotonic-and-koadx637.png Figure 6. Paris’ law coefficients obtained from monotonic and repeated load test for different mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-paris-law-coefficients-at-different-temperatures-1tk6xx25.png Figure 7. Paris’ law coefficients at different temperatures and loading rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calculated-vs-predicted-damage-density-rate-and-3uamsbz8.png Figure 4. Calculated vs. predicted damage density rate, and mean crack radius of an asphalt mixture (7% air void content and 3-month aged) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-true-stress-apparent-stress-and-damage-density-vs-30ogyq9y.png Figure 3. True stress, apparent stress and damage density vs. pseudo-strain for an asphalt mixture (4% air void content and 6-month aged). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stress-vs-pseudo-strain-relation-1v4b0mpk.png Figure 1. Stress vs. pseudo-strain relation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-damaged-density-x1-and-x2-are-damage-density-in-1ch3hiyd.png Figure 5. Damaged density (ξ1 and ξ2 are damage density in axial and radial directions) vs. loading cycles in a repeated load test for an asphalt mixture (reproduced from Zhang, Luo, & Lytton (2014) with permission from ASCE). https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-hydraulics-and-sediment-transport-at-river-641c8jv63c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-the-growth-in-research-publications-that-deal-c5n14b7d.png Figure 1.1 The growth in research publications that deal with confluences and tributaries. Network research is not included. Because of the cross-disciplinary nature of many papers, the classification into sub-disciplines is imperfect. Searches were made for the period 1980–2007 using the ISI Web of Science, Science Citation Index – Expanded (http://portal.isiknowledge.com/). A primary search was made of titles, abstracts and keywords using the Boolean expression ‘(confluence* OR tributar*) AND (river* OR channel*)’and subsequent searches explored other likely terms. Results from these searches were then scrutinized and only those papers where tributaries or confluences were the primary subject matter or where they were used explicitly to explain observed phenomena were retained. Large numbers of papers that studied a particular river system including one or more of its tributaries or confluences but which did not focus on the properties or processes of confluences or tributaries were excluded. Because many papers on water chemistry across drainage basins fall into this category, the ‘hydraulics and hydrology’ classification does not include any water quality papers. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-inoculum-availability-of-plurivorosphaerella-nawae-3h7m4tj91t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-for-the-cumulative-proportion-of-2zfsug7s.png Table 2: Model for the cumulative proportion of Plurivorosphaerella nawae ascospores discharged from persimmon leaf litter including the fixed effects accumulated degree-days (ADD) and ADD taking into account vapor pressure deficit (ADDvpd), and the random effect year. Mean, standard deviation (sd), quantiles (Q) and mode for the parameters and hyperparameters (φ, τ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-absolute-error-mae-mean-square-error-mse-and-4qgkkncm.png Table 3: Mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) for the model of the cumulative proportion of Plurivorosphaerella nawae ascospores discharged from persimmon leaf litter at Benimodo, Villanueva de Castellón, Guadassuar and Moncada. Values of R2 for the linear regression between observed values and the median posterior predictive distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-linear-regression-between-observed-values-and-the-1g8q1dh0.png Figure 3: Linear regression between observed values and the median of the posterior predictive distribution for the model of the cumulative proportion of Plurivorosphaerella nawae ascospores discharged from persimmon leaf litter (black dots) at L’Alcúdia. Blue line is the regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linear-regression-between-observed-values-and-the-32gv04ja.png Figure 4: Linear regression between observed values and the median of the posterior predictive distribution for the model of the cumulative proportion of Plurivorosphaerella nawae ascospores discharged from persimmon leaf litter (black dots) at Benimodo, Villanueva de Castellón, Guadassuar and Moncada. Blue line is the regression line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-for-the-cumulative-proportion-of-ao04y5ws.png Figure 2: Model for the cumulative proportion of Plurivorosphaerella nawae ascospores discharged from persimmon leaf litter at L’Alcúdia based on accumulated degree days (ADD) and ADD considering vapor pressure deficit (ADDvpd). a: data, b: median posterior predictive distribution, c and d 95% credible interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-models-for-the-cumulative-proportion-of-34wky33m.png Table 1: Models for the cumulative proportion of Plurivorosphaerella nawae ascospores discharged from persimmon leaf litter based on accumulated degree-days (ADD), ADD taking into account vapor pressure deficit (ADDvpd), ADD taking into account vapor pressure deficit and rain (ADDwet), and the random effect year (v). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-environmental-conditions-in-the-study-orchard-at-1ijzertz.png Figure 1: Environmental conditions in the study orchard at L’Alcúdia from 2009 to 2015 a: Rainfall, relative humidity and mean temperature. b: Accumulated degree days (ADD), ADD considering vapor pressure deficit (ADDvpd) and ADD considering vapor pressure deficit and rainfall (ADDwet). https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-lockdown-induced-2nd-covid-waves-in-france-11qn401izj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-sir-epidemic-wave-left-sir-compartment-nl0dwxh6.png Figure 2: Simulated SIR epidemic wave. Left: SIR compartment sizes (y-axis, blue: susceptible, red: infected, green: removed, total population size: N=10 6 ) are plotted as a function of time (x-axis). Right: The effective reproduction number (y-axis) is plotted as a function of time (x-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mortality-rates-and-prevalence-across-french-2zxej6h7.png Figure 13: Mortality rates and prevalence across French regions. The mortality rate (left panel, in % of the population size) and prevalence (right panel, in % of the population size) at the offset of governmental lockdown for all French regions. We note that regional prevalence based upon COVID test reports are likely to be strongly under-estimated, because (i) COVID tests have poor sensitivity 17 (Arevalo-Rodriguez et al., 2020; Watson et al., 2020) and (ii) mostly symptomatic people are tested (Gandhi et al., 2020). In fact, LIST estimates of the proportion of virus carriers in the French population are higher than these simple data-driven estimates (despite the slight underestimation of positive test rates that can be seen on Figure 11, upper-right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-prior-simulation-of-the-list-model-adapted-from-bqov1kvh.png Figure 7: Prior simulation of the LIST model (adapted from Friston et al. 2020). Upper-left panel: location factor. Upper-right panel: infection factor. Lower-left panel: clinical factor. Lower-right panel: testing factor. In all panels, the rate of each corresponding state (y-axis, see legends) is plotted as a function of time (x-axis, in weeks). Note that the steady-state probability of being at work (before and after the outbreak peak) is about 1/4. This is because (i) not all people are active and (ii) people typically work 8 hours a day. In addition, one may think that the marginal probability of many LIST barely differs from 0 (e.g., ICU occupancy or deceased states). This is simply a matter of scaling because these states show a transient increase during the outbreak (which would be visible, would one zoom in). Finally, the ‘unreachable’ state has formally a zero probability here (we will introduce this notion later). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-saved-lives-and-lost-working-days-left-panel-the-1eef8e52.png Figure 17: Saved lives and lost working days. Left panel: the number of saved lives (up to now, per people) is shown for all French regions. Right panel: the number of lost working days (up to now, per people) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-recent-extended-sir-model-structure-the-model-mtph9jng.png Figure 3: Recent extended SIR model structure. The model includes a set of ‘pre-infectious’, symptomatic/asymptomatic and hospital care sub-states with transition dynamics controlled by rate constants that are set according to COVID-specific biomedical data. Adapted from the supplementary material of (Salje et al., 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-current-and-predicted-immunity-levels-left-panel-2tlrgkn1.png Figure 16: Current and predicted immunity levels. Left panel: current immunity levels (‘immune’ plus ‘resistant’ rates, in % of the population size) at the time of writing are shown for all French regions. Right panel: predicted immunity levels (in % of the population size) at the end of December 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-causal-structure-of-the-original-list-model-adapted-2xh9mie8.png Figure 5: Causal structure of the original LIST model (adapted from Friston et al. 2020). In brief, the original LIST model assumes that (i) there is a progression from a state of susceptibility to immunity, through a period of (pre-contagious) infection to an infectious (contagious) status, (ii) there is a progression from asymptomatic to ARDS, where people with ARDS can either recover to an asymptomatic state or die, (iii) people can move from home to work or to ICU if they develop an ARDS, and (iv) the testing status progresses from untested, to waiting for results, to being declared positive or negative. With this setup, one can be in any location, with any infectious status, expressing symptoms or not and having test results or not. Note that—in this construction—it is possible to be infected and yet be asymptomatic. Crucially, the transitions within any factor depend upon the marginal distribution of other factors. For example, the probability of becoming infected, given that one is susceptible to infection, depends upon whether one is at home or at work (because this determines the number of person-to-person contacts). Similarly, the probability of developing symptoms depends upon whether one is infected or not. The probability of being tested negative depends upon whether one is susceptible (or immune) to infection, and so on. Finally, to complete the circular dependency, the probability of leaving home to go to work depends upon the number of symptomatic people in the population, mediated by social distancing. We will see that this feedback is critical for generating autonomous oscillatory modes of disease propagation. At any point in time, the probability of being in any combination of the four states determines what would be observed at the population level. For example, the occupancy of the 'deceased' level of the clinical factor determines the current number of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adaptive-social-distancing-adapted-from-friston-et-3jr8zi50.png Figure 6: Adaptive social distancing (adapted from Friston et al. 2020). The probability P work (color code) is shown as a function of the rate of symptomatic people (x-axis) and the rate of people located in ICUs (y-axis). https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-all-optical-symmetric-mach-zehnder-switch-with-d5tg0kwmv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-smz-switch-2nc9yiq7.png Figure 1: A typical SMZ switch https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-smz-switch-parameters-for-figure-3-cdxwo5vm.png Table 1: SMZ switch parameters for Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-switching-window-profile-for-typical-smz-switch-2f9xxtlv.png Figure 4: Switching window profile for typical SMZ switch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-switching-window-profile-for-the-proposed-smz-18jjgqin.png Figure 5: Switching window profile for the proposed SMZ switch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gain-profiles-of-soa-i0pku1lt.png Figure 3: Gain profiles of SOA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-contrast-ratio-versus-linewidth-enhancement-factor-1y57b4px.png Figure 11: Contrast ratio versus Linewidth Enhancement Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contrast-ratio-versus-time-delay-1m9nm30y.png Figure 12: Contrast ratio versus Time delay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fwhm-versus-time-delay-3cj1dkah.png Figure 13: FWHM versus Time delay https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-nb-influence-on-phase-transformation-behaviours-21mg7l7q5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagrams-of-a-nb-concentration-profile-h1t7djgd.png Figure 2: Schematic diagrams of (a) Nb concentration profile across an interface, and (b) chemical potential profile across the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-compositions-of-steels-wt-2yvykl57.png Table 1: Chemical compositions of steels (wt. %) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ttt-diagrams-of-the-new-model-predictions-and-tata-ev93menh.png Figure 9: TTT diagrams of the new model predictions and Tata Steel previous results [29] for (a) a Nb free steel, (b) a steel with 0.011 wt. % Nb, and (c) a steel with 0.05 wt. % Nb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-calculated-ferrite-nucleation-rate-and-b-1rntuzmz.png Figure 4: (a) Calculated ferrite nucleation rate, and (b) calculated critical energy for ferrite nucleation, as a function of temperature for steels 1-3 at the beginning of an isothermal transformation using the new model with the effect of Nb being taken into account (Equations 5 and 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculated-ferrite-nucleation-rate-as-a-function-of-174hk92c.png Figure 3: Calculated ferrite nucleation rate as a function of holding time at 750°C for steels 1-3 (a) using the pre-existing model developed by Parker without the incorporation of the Nb factor, and (b) using the new model with the effect of Nb being taken into account (Equations 5 and 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-profiles-for-a-isothermal-21khyikt.png Figure 1: Temperature profiles for (a) isothermal transformation, and (b) continuous cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparisons-of-transformation-kinetics-during-1shp6ufx.png Figure 8: Comparisons of transformation kinetics during continuous cooling between experimental results from the dilatometer and the modelling predictions: (a) T0.1% for steel 1, (b) T0.1% for steel 3, (c) T5% for steel 1, (d) T5% for steel 3, (e) T50% for steel 1, and (f) T50% for steel 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparisons-between-new-model-predictions-and-2l4zcs0m.png Figure 7: Comparisons between new model predictions and experimental data for steels 1, 2, 3 and 4 isothermal transformations at (a) 750°C, and (b) 700°C. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-immiscible-liquid-liquid-systems-by-smoothed-3yu09g8vr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-an-sph-weighting-function-solid-2yas392i.png Fig. 1 An illustration of an SPH weighting function (solid black line) with compact support of radius O(h) (closed red arc) sited on particle-i (shown in red) that leads to the particle interacting with all other particles-j within the support radius (shown in blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-demonstration-that-the-immiscibility-model-conforms-to-16f5451n.png Fig. 3. Demonstration that the immiscibility model conforms to the Young-Laplace equation and use of this equation to determine the relationship between the immiscibility model parameter, 𝜀𝜀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, and the surface tension, 𝛾𝛾𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, between two fluids of colour 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 and 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖: (a) variation of dimensionless pressure drop across the droplet interface with the inverse of its dimensionless radius, 𝑅𝑅∗ = 𝑅𝑅 ℎ⁄ , obtained using 𝜀𝜀 = 16 N/m2 – the slope of this line is 𝛾𝛾 = 0.0142 N/m; (b) variation of the surface tension for a pair of fluids with the immiscibility model parameter obtained for a single SPH smoothing length (ℎ = 1.25 × 10−5 in this case) – the error bars show relative error in the interfacial tension values evaluated from the time series obtained for each simulation; and (c) variation of the ratio of the immiscibility model parameter and interfacial tension with the SPH smoothing length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-droplet-descent-speed-with-time-as-3szo33gy.png Fig. 6 Variation of the droplet descent speed with time as predicted by SPH (broken line) and Han and Tryggvason [117] (solid line) for 𝜂𝜂 = 1.15, 𝜆𝜆 = 1, Eo = 10, Oh𝒅𝒅 = 0.24 and Mo = 0.04. Snapshots of the deforming droplet are shown as inserts at various times. As with droplets under shear, the SPH model provides the possibility of exploring the behaviour of falling drop systems as a function of the relevant system variables. This is illustrated in Figure S4, which show the results for droplet descent at two markedly different Eötvös Numbers, Eo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-the-deformation-parameter-circles-and-1gci4sw0.png Fig. 4 Variation of the deformation parameter (circles and solid line) as defined in Equation (24) and droplet tilt angle as defined in Figure S1 (squares and broken line) with Capillary Number, 𝐶𝐶𝑎𝑎 = 𝜇𝜇𝐺𝐺𝐷𝐷 𝛾𝛾⁄ , as predicted by SPH with 𝑁𝑁𝑝𝑝 = 7701, 𝐿𝐿0 = 8.0 × 10−6 and ℎ = 1.2 × 𝐿𝐿0 (solid points), SPH with 𝑁𝑁𝑝𝑝 = 4961, 𝐿𝐿0 = 1.0 × 10−5and ℎ = 1.2 × 𝐿𝐿0 (open points), experimental data of Sibillo et al. [116] (shaded points), and Taylor theory [115] as defined by Equations (25) and (26) (lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-new-model-yields-velocity-fields-in-both-phases-2pq4gbbk.png Fig. 5 The new model yields velocity fields in both phases and droplet morphology change without complex interface tracking algorithms, which is particularly important for stable simulation of droplet break-up as shown here for 𝐶𝐶𝑎𝑎 = 0.5, Re = 0.1, 𝜆𝜆 = 1, 𝐷𝐷 𝐻𝐻⁄ = 0.5,𝑁𝑁𝑝𝑝 = 4961, 𝐿𝐿0 = 1.0 × 10−5, and ℎ = 1.2 × 𝐿𝐿0: (a) prior to droplet rupture; and (b) after droplet rupture as the two daughter drops move away from each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-through-time-3-of-the-circumference-of-an-29k90qom.png Fig. 2 Variation through time, 𝑑𝑑∗ = 𝑑𝑑�𝛾𝛾 𝜌𝜌ℎ3⁄ , of the circumference, 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑, of an initially square, neutrally buoyant, stationary droplet suspended in a second continuous phase and the associated change in pressure difference, ∆𝑃𝑃∗ = ∆𝑃𝑃ℎ 𝛾𝛾⁄ , across the interface between the two liquids. Snapshots of the droplet along the transformation pathway are shown at various points in the transformation. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-the-diameter-distribution-of-eucalyptus-x3ku96cx1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-the-fit-and-predictive-ability-of-the-39re7a3b.png Table 2 Evaluation of the fit and predictive ability of the models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-of-equations-used-to-estimate-the-stand-3m9lg4wv.png Table 3 System of equations used to estimate the stand attributes that were, in turn, used to recover the Johnson’s SB distribution Model Analytical expression https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-volume-observed-in-each-plot-at-each-age-available-i54im9f3.png Fig. 2 The volume observed in each plot at each age available in the validation data set versus the volume estimated with the simulated diameter distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-real-and-estimated-diameter-distribution-hdsmw554.png Fig. 3 Comparison of real and estimated diameter distribution from a plot in first rotation at ages (years) 5.2, 9.7, 14.8, 19.7, 24.7 and 30.6 (dark real values) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-region-in-the-plane-of-skewness-b1-and-kurtosis-b2-1fk4724b.png Fig. 1 Region in the plane of skewness (β1) and kurtosis (β2) coefficients that corresponds to the normal, Weibull and different types of Johnson’s distributions (Hahn and Shapiro 1967) https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-the-ips-buoy-wave-energy-converter-including-yya7n198fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-ips-buoy-3hwnnnpk.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the IPS buoy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dimensionless-plots-of-2m-y-and-c-versus-3vebvd2b.png Fig. 5. Dimensionless plots of *2M , *Y and *C versus * https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-as-in-fig-5-for-12-t-3o8d6f5k.png Fig. 6. As in Fig. 5, for 12* =T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-as-in-fig-5-for-14-t-2gw0zc6w.png Fig. 7. As in Fig. 5, for 14* =T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ips-buoy-with-acceleration-tube-1txl7jak.png Fig. 2. IPS buoy with acceleration tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dimensionless-plot-of-optimal-oscillation-amplitude-14k1h0ar.png Fig. 8. Dimensionless plot of optimal oscillation amplitude https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-plot-of-18387-0-02124-0-11-2-3j2uurwo.png Fig. 9. Plot of 18387.0*02124.0 11 2** https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-dimensionless-plots-of-2l-y-and-c-versus-3fe41tbi.png Fig. 11. Dimensionless plots of * 2L , *Y and *C versus * https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-the-marangoni-convection-in-laser-heat-treatment-5d1slfucf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-distribution-on-the-top-surface-natural-3rhbk7yl.png Figure 6. Temperature distribution on the top surface (natural convection only, left) and velocity distribution over the liquid pool (right) (V = 5 mm/sec, Power = 1700 W, diameter = 2 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temperature-distribution-marangoni-and-natural-tqhzdq7m.png Figure 7. Temperature distribution (Marangoni and natural convection, left) and velocity distribution over the liquid pool (right) (V = 5 mm/sec, Power = 1700 W, diameter = 2 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-marangoni-effect-a-temperature-1txu7s7n.png Figure 2. Illustration of the Marangoni effect: a) temperature dependence of the surface tension, b) Marangoni eddies in a weld pool [8] and c) observation of these eddies in a transparent alloy [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-computed-results-when-taking-into-account-the-34jxytbv.png Figure 8. Computed results when taking into account the Marangoni convection in the liquid pool (V = 5 mm/sec, Power = 1700 W, dia. = 2 mm). The extension of the laser beam is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-re-melting-traces-liquidus-lines-h4lqsjxm.png Figure 4. Measured re-melting traces (liquidus lines, neglecting the undercooling of about 20˚C) for : left, a constant interaction time, τs with laser mode on top [11], and right, for a constant beam intensity, I [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-computed-laser-traces-for-two-scanning-speeds-power-19l8f7xj.png Figure 9. Computed laser traces for two scanning speeds (Power = 1700 W, diameter = 2 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fem-mesh-with-solid-velocity-and-references-used-2585hm6l.png Figure 5. FEM mesh with solid velocity and references used for the computation. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-the-kinetics-of-peroxidase-inactivation-colour-and-1a6i07xipo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-published-kinetic-parameters-for-the-thermal-1903s8vh.png Table 1 Published kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation of peroxidase, and degradation of colour and texture of different fruits and vegetables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-parameters-and-corresponding-confidence-y06kcr0r.png Table 2 Kinetic parameters and corresponding confidence intervals at 95% of pumpkin peroxidase inactivation, and colour and texture degradation, due to blanching https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pumpkin-colour-degradation-l-a-b-and-c-parameters-1lafs1ic.png Fig. 2. Pumpkin colour degradation (L*a*b* and C* parameters) during blanch The lines represent model fits (Eqs. (4) and (5) one-step) to experimental data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pumpkin-peroxidase-inactivation-during-blanching-1h33k3fj.png Fig. 1. Pumpkin peroxidase inactivation during blanching process (N experimental data at 80 C; experimental data at 95 C). The lines represent model fits (Eqs. (2) and (5) one-step) to experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pumpkin-texture-changes-firmness-and-energy-during-1lab6dha.png Fig. 4. Pumpkin texture changes (firmness and energy) during blanching process (d experimental data at 75 C; experimental data at 95 C). The lines represent model fits (Eqs. (4) and (5) one-step) to experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pumpkin-total-colour-difference-tcd-during-blanching-2fqoeker.png Fig. 3. Pumpkin total colour difference (TCD*) during blanching process (N experimental data at 75 C; experimental data at 95 C). The lines represent model fits (Eqs. (4) and (5) one-step) to experimental data. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-the-solidification-of-a-power-law-fluid-flowing-182t30fml1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluid-properties-taken-from-various-sources-10-15-16-3gt5nsih.png Table 1. Fluid properties taken from various sources [10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. (*) Calculated from ks by using the same ratio of kl/ks as that for blood. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-closure-time-against-the-imposed-pressure-drop-2egy8m0f.png Figure 5. The closure time against the imposed pressure drop across the channel for Polyethylene oxide when T0 = 73 ◦C, Tf = 63 ◦C and Tw = 59.9 ◦C. The circle points correspond to the non-Newtonian case whilst the crosses are those for the Newtonian and the lines are for guidance. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-thomson-coils-with-axis-symmetric-problems-qlq485jteh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-high-speed-camera-video-frame-1iw9r3fq.png Fig. 8. High speed camera video frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-armatures-dimensions-313a5ttd.png TABLE IV ARMATURES DIMENSIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-coil-current-and-capacitor-voltage-comparison-between-2w54dj8p.png Fig. 6. Coil current and capacitor voltage comparison between measurements and 2D FE model with compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3d-fe-eigen-frequency-analysis-3mm-aluminum-armature-2uhm3pb4.png Fig. 11. 3D FE eigen frequency analysis, 3mm aluminum armature predicted shape modes below 2kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measurement-versus-simulation-speed-comparison-for-1o89cpoj.png Fig. 10. Measurement versus simulation speed comparison for aluminum (top) and copper (bottom) armatures for different capacitor bank voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tc-prototype-video-recording-arrangement-1fd4wqcl.png Fig. 7. TC prototype video recording arrangement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-vs-predicted-coil-current-top-and-2wlpo3vr.png Fig. 9. Experimental vs. predicted coil current (top) and armature velocity (bottom) for a small 6mm thick Al 6082-T6 armature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-fe-simulation-results-for-3mm-copper-armature-at-250v-3uu9cpb7.png Fig. 16. FE simulation results for 3mm copper armature at 250V, field displacement. https://scispace.com/papers/models-of-labour-services-and-estimates-of-total-factor-3717yhobsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alternative-estimates-of-tfp-growth-in-the-uk-and-273gula6.png Table 2. Alternative estimates of TFP growth in the UK and USA: 1980-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alternative-estimates-of-tfp-growth-in-the-uk-and-3mutup8r.png Table 1. Alternative estimates of TFP growth in the UK and USA: 1980-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-annual-hours-per-worker-2dbqct8u.png Fig. 1. Annual hours per worker https://scispace.com/papers/models-of-privatization-and-development-of-competition-in-36w0v4ijvm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-11-honduras-partidpalion-of-foreign-banks-2001-2004-3sigfewn.png Table 4.11 Honduras: partidpalion of foreign banks, 2001-2004 (Tábora, 2007) Item 2001 2002 2003 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-continued-3kvtr9hd.png Table 2.4 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-thresholds-for-analysing-concentrations-the-1raabfh3.png Table 2.3 Thresholds for analysing concentrations (The competition laws and draft bills of each country) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-central-america-and-mexico-mobile-operators-and-264nkz3q.png Table 3.4 Central America and Mexico: mobile operators and market shares (Author) Country América Móvil Telefónica Móviles Millicom Fourth operator Costa Rica El Salvador CTE Telecom 21.0 Telemóvil (29) ICE (100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-legal-and-institutional-framework-competition-and-2hbg36i7.png Table 2.1 Legal and institutional framework: competition and regulation (August 2006) (Based on official information) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-mexico-financial-sector-main-relevant-markets-2r0y631o.png Table 6.2 Mexico: financial sector, main relevant markets regarding mergers, 1997-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-continued-1rpbnp7c.png Fig 4.1 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-distribution-of-the-financial-system-total-assets-by-1k2d6t12.png Fig. 6.4 Distribution of the financial system total assets by intermediary in the USA {%) (Barth et al., 2000) https://scispace.com/papers/models-simulation-and-interoperability-using-mda-and-hla-2nau55prk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-four-level-ontological-approach-3vu8yuik.png Fig. 3 The four-level ontological approach.. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-business-and-manufacturing-separation-1b738nol.png Figure. 1. Business and manufacturing separation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-four-level-ontological-approach-1s1up2aa.png Figure. 2 The four-level ontological approach.. https://scispace.com/papers/modern-robust-statistical-methods-an-easy-way-to-maximize-13y6nitp3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-calculations-of-relative-treatment-effects-lbtpx1dh.png Table 1 Example calculations of relative treatment effects for the ANOVA type statistic (ATS) https://scispace.com/papers/modified-pso-algorithm-for-real-time-energy-management-in-2st4wowl2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-proposed-cost-function-for-scenario-1-optimal-kbnwfjbd.png Figure 10: Proposed cost function for Scenario 1: optimal charging/discharging cycles of the battery energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-alternative-cost-function-for-scenario-1-a-charging-2vg4vher.png Figure 9: Alternative cost function for Scenario 1: (a) charging/discharging cycles of the battery energy and (b) energy exchange with the grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-original-cost-function-for-scenario-1-a-charging-2xvbojtn.png Figure 8: Original cost function for Scenario 1: (a) charging/discharging cycles of the battery energy and (b) energy exchanges with the grid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-among-cost-functions-in-scenario-1-1z5al4on.png Table 2: Comparison among cost functions in Scenario 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-among-cost-functions-in-scenario-2-hk7k0e71.png Table 3: Comparison among cost functions in Scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indicative-power-demand-of-a-householder-over-a-3qa9kkmb.png Figure 5: Indicative power demand of a householder over a time horizon of 96 hours (a) Scenario 1 and (b) Scenario 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-real-time-electricity-pricing-in-a-96-h-horizon-icl55x3l.png Figure 6: Real-time electricity pricing in a 96 h horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-proposed-cost-function-for-scenario-1-a-energy-t79wpx9a.png Figure 11: Proposed cost function for Scenario 1: (a) energy exchange with the grid and (b) command signals for the battery energy. https://scispace.com/papers/modifier-adaptation-for-constrained-closed-loop-systems-4o82y7kt29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-constraint-on-xg-as-a-function-of-the-iteration-24fc15uz.png Fig. 8. The constraint on XG as a function of the iteration number k. Blue/Red/Green = Cases A/B/C. Solid = Method A, Dashed = Method B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-plant-parameters-and-the-two-fixed-1zz94gcv.png Table 1. Values of the plant parameters and the two fixed model parameters (the other model parameters are adjusted as shown in Table 2 to generate the investigation cases A-C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-adjusted-model-parameters-for-the-abnzii33.png Table 2. Values of the adjusted model parameters for the three different cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-setpoints-during-the-first-20-ksxbhwtp.png Fig. 5. Evolution of the setpoints during the first 20 iterations of the generalized MA scheme for Cases A-C. The letters A/B/C are the nominal optimal solutions, which correspond to the initial points. Solid = Method A, Dashed = Method B. The contour lines are for the plant cost. The dotted black line indicates the plant constraint on XA. The black dot indicates the location of the plant optimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-5-8-show-the-performance-of-methods-a-and-b-for-the-2v3hnxd1.png Figures 5-8 show the performance of Methods A and B for the three different sets of the adjusted model parameters given in Table 2. The filter matrices are: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-profit-as-a-function-of-the-iteration-number-k-yvb4t7sf.png Fig. 6. The profit as a function of the iteration number k. Blue/Red/Green = Cases A/B/C. Solid = Method A, Dashed = Method B. Note that, at each iteration, the plant must be evaluated at 3 slightly different operating points in order to estimate the gradient according to (5.11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-controlled-plant-to-be-optimized-and-for-comparison-2gdz3zhy.png Fig. 1. Controlled plant to be optimized and, for comparison, the plant model that is available. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-constraint-on-xa-as-a-function-of-the-iteration-3caycl9e.png Fig. 7. The constraint on XA as a function of the iteration number k. Blue/Red/Green = Cases A/B/C. Solid = Method A, Dashed = Method B. The dotted line indicates Gp,1 = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/modular-robot-based-on-3-rotational-dof-modules-3aswnoftye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reconfiguration-into-a-four-module-structure-ghpcbisl.png Fig. 8. Reconfiguration into a four module structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-components-of-robmat-system-architecture-and-molecules-29ehpyki.png Fig. 1. Components of RobMAT system architecture and molecules cooperating to perform a manipulation task https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-field-work-reconfiguration-displacement-manipulation-2yxgyjkq.png Fig. 15. Field work. Reconfiguration, displacement, manipulation and cooperation tasks developed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-detail-of-two-modules-each-with-its-3dof-actuator-g1aj4ul2.png Fig. 4. (a) Detail of two modules, each with its 3DoF actuator, joined together to form a two module robot via a fixed link. (b) Detail of the rigid connector used for the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mechanical-design-of-the-3-dof-robmat-module-1fs3ng6q.png Fig. 3. Mechanical design of the 3-DoF RobMAT module https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-working-area-of-each-degree-of-freedom-of-the-3dof-1shto6w9.png Fig. 2. Working area of each degree of freedom of the 3DoF actuators in the modules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-detail-and-distribution-of-the-electromagnet-and-31q3qbux.png Fig. 5. (a)Detail and distribution of the electromagnet and plate connector in a two module robot assembly. (b)Male connector based on two electromagnets. (c) Connector detail of two joined base molecules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dimensions-of-the-module-u6idarpm.png Fig. 6. Dimensions of the module https://scispace.com/papers/modularity-and-innovation-in-complex-systems-2c1mt0ol32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recombination-without-local-search-n-30-m-5-10-6h6segbm.png Figure 5 Recombination without local search N=30, M=5, 10 firms (100 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-recombination-with-local-search-n-30-m-5-10-firms-2o7q2ych.png Figure 6 Recombination with local search N=30, M=5, 10 firms (100 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-of-modularity-recombination-with-module-and-2t53r288.png Figure 2 Power of Modularity: Recombination with module and firm selection N=30, M=5 (100 runs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-local-search-n-30-m-5-n-100-3fmh6xic.png Figure 4 Local search N=30, M=5 (N=100) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-matrix-of-decision-choices-within-the-1405j52y.png Figure 1 Interaction matrix of decision choices within the complex system https://scispace.com/papers/modularity-interfaces-definition-and-the-integration-of-4l4jykzh5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-and-duration-of-interviews-at-denso-1696568h.png Table 1. List and duration of interviews at Denso https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interfaces-analysis-of-the-project-a-a-c-system-2q5e1bjb.png Table 2. Interfaces analysis of the Project-A A/C system https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interfaces-analysis-of-the-project-b-a-c-system-q3kw9yxd.png Table 3. Interfaces analysis of the Project B A/C system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-beta-approach-to-the-a-c-system-co-development-with-2j6vlbb4.png Figure 2. BETA approach to the A/C system co-development with DNTS. https://scispace.com/papers/modulating-effects-of-humic-acids-on-genotoxicity-induced-by-3hdgjkgdn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-frequency-values-s-e-of-micronuclei-mn-20000-1psfb674.png Table 2 Mean frequency values (±S.E.) of micronuclei (MN/20,000 cells) observed in erythrocytes ofCyprinus carpio (20,000 cells per specimen) after 72 h exposure to different concentrations (0.05–0.2 ppm) of NaClO, ClO2 and CH3COO2H without (A) or with (B) humic acids (0.1 ppm TOC) https://scispace.com/papers/moho-topography-beneath-the-eastern-european-alps-by-3v0aotf9l5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-standard-deviation-calculated-over-100-samples-26gqgunj.png Figure 3. Standard deviation calculated over 100 samples generated by bootstrapping events ensembles by the pool of 64 events (Table 1). Mean wiggles are displayed on top of the SD. The SD for times larger than 15 s is very low due to the absence of strong reflectivity in this time range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reflectivity-images-of-the-crust-and-upper-mantle-9m0oq4x4.png Figure 4. Reflectivity images of the crust and upper mantle along EASI; in the background the interpolated figure (bilinear interpolation), in which blue–red–blue triplet marks the presence of a positive interface (i.e. an increasing impedance contrast with depth). (a) Depth-migrated GloPSI image generated by using 27 events. (b) Depth-migrated GloPSI image generated by using 64 events. The black solid line marks the maximum amplitude within the blue– red–blue triplet; the black dashed line marks the upper and lower boundary of the triplet; features 1 and 2 are described in the text. (c) Background same as (b); solid and dashed purple lines show the picked Moho depths reported in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-the-wider-study-area-showing-the-location-4e9tsog5.png Figure 1. (a) Map of the wider study area showing the location of the seismic stations (green triangles) and the traces of previous active seismic profiles (ALP75, Cel09, Alp01). Colours on the background correspond to the generalized tectonic map of the Alps (Bigi et al., 1990; Bousquet et al., 2012; Froitzheim et al., 1996; Handy et al., 2010; Schmid et al., 2004, 2008). (b) Globe with the location of EASI transect (green) and epicentres of teleseisms used for GloPSI imaging (stars). Relief model of Earth’s surface used is ETOPO1 (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, 2019; Amante and Eakins, 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reflectivity-images-of-the-crust-and-upper-mantle-zngbndnf.png Figure 5. Reflectivity images of the crust and upper mantle along EASI; in the background the interpolated figure as in Fig. 4b. (a) Moho topography beneath the northern Alpine Foreland and the Alps as detailed by results of this study. The subhorizontal and gently dipping Moho is well imaged by our global-phase interferometry, but the typical Moho signal disappears beneath the central parts of the Eastern Alps (features 1 and 2). (b) Comparison with CSS information documenting the generally good correlation between our new Moho results and previous information on crustal thickness outside the Alps. (c) Comparison with RF information where we evidence the co-location of the high reflectivity of crust and the detected anisotropic layer (feature 3). (d) Comparison with CSS information in an enlarged version allows highlighting more detail, and it reveals a nearly perfect correspondence with the PmP model (Behm, 2006; Spada et al., 2013) in the north and an equally good correspondence with the refraction seismic model (Brückl et al., 2007) in the southern part of the foreland. The strong reverberation directly beneath the Alps (4) documents the complex internal crustal structure of the orogen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steps-of-the-glopsi-processing-on-the-ensemble-of-13ryc2qj.png Figure 2. Steps of the GloPSI processing on the ensemble of 64 events listed in Table T1. (a) Basic amplitude retrieval, (b) delta pulse removal, (c) multiple correction and static correction, (d) amplitudes displayed according to the station distance along the north–south direction. Blue–red–blue triplet is outlined between dashed lines in panels (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-dynamics-simulations-of-mechanical-stress-on-4kbiq92o9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-snapshots-from-membrane-stretching-of-popc-in-2d-at-3dgpvk2o.png Figure 2. Snapshots from membrane stretching of POPC in 2D at 0.025 nm/ns, starting from the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-structure-of-the-popc-molecule-and-its-oxidation-lag6s9mm.png Figure 1. (a) Structure of the POPC molecule and its oxidation products simulated. The atoms in blue, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bilayer-thickness-versus-areal-strain-ea-for-2d-1axx6zb4.png Figure 4. Bilayer thickness versus areal strain (εA) for 2D stretching of native and oxidized homogeneous membranes at 0.025 nm/ns (on the left) and at 0.3 nm/ns (on the right). The areal strain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-snapshots-from-membrane-stretching-of-popc-and-its-3tdeytie.png Figure 3. Snapshots from membrane stretching of POPC and its oxidation products in 2D at 0.025 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-snapshots-of-the-instant-pore-formation-for-entries-vx8y1pnh.png Figure 6. Snapshots of the instant pore formation for entries 16 and 12 (see Table 1). Similar to Figure 1, POPC and POPCOOH molecules are represented in blue and green colors, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-simulation-conditions-and-results-kiw4e87y.png Table 1. Summary of simulation conditions and results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bilayer-thickness-versus-areal-strain-ea-for-23dc0974.png Figure 5. Bilayer thickness versus areal strain (εA) for entries 9 and 13 (a), 10, 11 and 14 (b) as well as 12, 15 and 16 (c). Model membranes corresponding to the entries are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-crystal-global-phase-diagrams-ii-reference-14qi0xms9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mixed-packings-3vbhq168.png Table 5 Mixed packings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-symmetry-breaking-plot-for-a-rod-packing-fmqi64r4.png Figure 4 Symmetry-breaking plot for a rod packing, illustrated using MECKIO. The figure on the left is an isolated monomer with Td symmetry (G/Z = 24/1). Second from the left is a rod packing with rod group p4m2 (G/Z = 8/1 = 8). The figure on the far right is a two-dimensional hexagonal packing representing the lateral packing of the rods (G/Z = 12/1). Second from the right is the crystal structure with one rod emphasized for clarity (G/Z = 4/2). The crystal is viewed end-on to emphasize nearly hexagonal packing of rods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-planar-packings-l5la5kz1.png Table 3 Planar packings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-systems-for-crystals-of-tetrahedral-2l0qic47.png Figure 1 Crystal systems for crystals of tetrahedral molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dimer-packings-3rmzs0m9.png Table 4 Dimer packings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-symmetry-breaking-plot-for-a-planar-packing-umhyt1cr.png Figure 5 Symmetry-breaking plot for a planar packing, illustrated using MZNMOX10. The figure on the left is an isolated monomer with Td symmetry (G/Z = 24/1). On the far right is a two-dimensional square packing representing the center-of-mass lattice in the plane (G/Z = 8/1). Second from the right is a planar packing with point group S4 (G/Z = 4/1). Second from the left is the crystal structure with one plane emphasized for clarity (G/Z = 4/4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-symmetry-breaking-plot-for-a-dimer-packing-3tmhuf6w.png Figure 6 Symmetry-breaking plot for a dimer packing, illustrated using FOJBUB02. The figure on the left is an isolated monomer with Td symmetry (G/Z = 24/1). Second from the left is a dimer with C3i pointgroup symmetry (G/Z = 6/2). On the far right is the f.c.c. reference lattice (G/Z = 192/4). Second from the right is the crystal structure in space group 205 with one dimer at Wyckoff point a emphasized for clarity (G/Z = 24/8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tree-diagram-of-the-distribution-of-data-sets-among-2f4xnbx8.png Figure 7 Tree diagram of the distribution of data sets among crystal-packing synthons, where spheres and other types of packing form the trunk and the translational arrangements of the structures in our data set form the leaves. c.p. = close packed. Asterisks on JUFWUC and HMGETP are due to space-group corrections (see x2.1 for details). https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-gas-contents-and-scaling-relations-for-massive-58imyhjwmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-symbols-are-plotted-as-in-figure-2-top-rest-frame-2q0ndky3.png Figure 3. Symbols are plotted as in Figure 2. Top:rest-frame UVJ color–color diagram for the LEGA-C galaxies and the ALMA sample, with the division between star-forming and quiescent galaxies of Muzzin et al. (2013) shown with the black line. The gray shaded band around this line represents both the differences in divisions found in the literature and an expectation that galaxies must transition from one region to the other over a period of time. Although this diagram was not used in the selection of the ALMA sample, six of the eight targets lie within (given the uncertainties) the quiescent region of the diagram at upper left. Bottom:the Dn 4000 index against the Hδ equivalent width, a proxy for the age of the stellar populations, with older and more massive systems located toward the lower right. We infer typical stellar ages of 1–3 Gyr for the ALMA sample; these objects are not recently quenched. For two objects (IDs 110509 and 169076), the LEGA-C spectra do not extend sufficiently blueward to measure Dn 4000, shown arbitrarily at Dn 4000=1.2 with arrows in each direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-alma-co-2-1-spectra-for-each-target-for-2quwjul0.png Figure 4. Left:ALMA CO(2–1) spectra for each target. For detected sources, we show best-fit single or double Gaussian fits with blue lines. Right: line images integrated over the full line profiles of each source, or 800 km s−1for undetected sources. The gray ovals show the ALMA synthesized beam, and a 3″ scale bar is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selection-of-the-alma-observed-massive-passive-3hg3qcf2.png Figure 2. Selection of the ALMA-observed massive, passive sample with respect to the full LEGA-C sample. In both panels, the LEGA-C sample galaxies are color coded blue (red) if they are classified as star-forming (quiescent) in rest-frame UVJ space (see Figure 3). Red circles are all LEGA-C galaxies that meet our selection criteria, while the ALMA-observed objects are shown with large red diamonds; CO-undetected objects are also marked with a black ×. Top: The ALMA sample was primarily selected based on stellar mass and SFR; see text for details. The blue line shows the star-forming sequence at z=0.7 from Whitaker et al. (2012), and the blue shaded region encompasses SFRs a factor of 3 above and below the relation. The red shaded region shows our selection box of massive and passive galaxies. Bottom:size–mass relation for the LEGA-C and ALMA samples. Blue and red lines and regions show the size–mass relations for star-forming and quiescent galaxies at z=0.75 from van der Wel et al. (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-channel-maps-for-each-of-the-targets-detected-2bja62fq.png Figure 6. Top:channel maps for each of the targets detected in CO(2–1) emission. The background gray scale shows the HST/ACS F814W image of each source, logarithmically scaled. Vertical dashed lines indicate the width and orientation of the LEGA-C VIMOS slits. For each target, we reimage the CO emission in two velocity bins that roughly equally split the total line emission, using the velocity ranges indicated for each source. The blue and red contours show the blue and red velocity components of the CO line in steps of 1σ beginning at±3σ. The ALMA synthesized beam is shown with an ellipse at lower left; north is up and east is left. We note that the centroid of each component can be determined to less than a synthesized beam width. Significant velocity gradients are observed in three of four sources; given the modest signal-to-noise ratio, the centroids of the blue and red components of ID 132776 are indistinguishable. Bottom:CO(2–1) rotation curves derived from the data in the top row (red diamonds). We also show the stellar rotation curves from the LEGA-C spectra (light blue circles), which were all observed with north–south oriented slits. The LEGA-C spectra thus probe only the component of the velocity gradient projected in the north–south direction. The purple diamonds and dotted lines show this component of the rotation curve using the position angle in the ALMA data. In at least three of four cases, the stellar and molecular rotation axes are not obviously misaligned. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-star-formation-relation-from-a-z-0-6-snapshot-3mr2hwxc.png Figure 8. Left: star formation relation from a z=0.6 snapshot of the EAGLE simulation, compared with our results. The individual objects and stacked nondetections from our observations are shown with red diamonds. The blue line and shaded region show the median and 90% range of all galaxies in EAGLE with log Mstar/Me>10. The small orange squares show galaxies in EAGLE that mimic our selection criteria; see text for details. The dotted gray line shows a constant depletion time tdep=1 Gyr. Right: gas depletion times as a function of stellar mass from the same EAGLE snapshot. The blue line and shaded region again show the median and 90% range of depletion times for all EAGLE galaxies, with those that mimic our selection criteria shown as orange squares. The dashed purple line and region, on the other hand, show the predicted scaling relation from Tacconi et al. (2018) for galaxies on and a factor of 3 above (lower edge of region) and below (upper edge) the star-forming sequence at these redshifts. Note also that this figure does not contradict our results in Figure 7, even though the tdep upper limits from the CO nondetections overlap with the shaded region, because these galaxies have significantly lower sSFR than merely 3× below the star-forming sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-molecular-gas-fraction-fh2-left-and-depletion-time-2ifox69v.png Figure 7. Molecular gas fraction fH2 (left) and depletion time tdep (right) vs. the specific SFR, compared with observationally derived literature scaling relations from Scoville et al. (2017; green densely dashed line and region) and Tacconi et al. (2018; purple dashed line and region), evaluated for logMstar/Me=11. Both literature scaling relations are parameterized in terms of the offset of the sSFR with respect to the expectation from the star-forming sequence, so the left-hand y axis is also labeled in these terms. The right-hand y axis is labeled with the corresponding values of the sSFR, evaluated at z=0.7. The shaded regions encompass the quoted approximate 1σ residual scatter around the relations. The darker shaded bands correspond to the approximate sSFR lower bounds for galaxies at z=0.6–0.8 that were used in the derivation of the scaling relations; below these regions the scaling relations are extrapolations (lightly shaded). In the right-hand panel, a gray arrow indicates the shift if the SFRs for our galaxies have been overestimated by a factor of 2; the shift is largely parallel to the scaling relations. In general, the CO-detected objects in our sample are in reasonable agreement with the scaling relations, while the undetected objects, and especially the stacked nondetections, are significantly offset from the extrapolated relations. This could indicate either a strong break in the scaling relations at 3–5× lower sSFR than the star-forming sequence, or a large increase in the scatter of fH2 and tdep. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alma-observed-lega-c-sample-target-properties-1evw2063.png Table 1 ALMA-observed LEGA-C Sample Target Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-summary-of-basic-results-derived-from-our-data-with-23yvxcr6.png Figure 5. Summary of basic results derived from our data, with comparison samples detailed in the text. From top to bottom, each row plots the molecular gas mass MH2, gas fraction fH2, and gas depletion time tdep; from left to right each column shows the stellar mass Mstar, star formation rate SFR, and specific SFR. The comparison samples are drawn from Tacconi et al. (2013), Papovich et al. (2016), Saintonge et al. (2017), and Suess et al. (2017). All upper limits are 3σ. For clarity of presentation, we do not show upper limits for the xCOLDGASS sample in the bottom (tdep) row. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-phylogenetics-and-character-evolution-of-the-57mrhm2khz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phylogram-of-the-bayesian-analysis-of-combined-trnl-f-26nrs6cz.png Fig. 3. Phylogram of the Bayesian analysis of combined trnL-F, trnH-psbA and ITS data. The numbers represent support values in the following order: Bayesian posterior probability (PP)/parsimony bootstrap support (BP). Names on the right of vertical bars represent the sectional or informal clade assignment of the species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-morphological-features-of-some-members-of-croton-2jkkklm9.png Fig. 6. Morphological features of some members of Croton section Cleodora. (A) Basil hemiargyreus (Caruzo and Ferro, 116). (C) Pistillate flower of C. sphaerogynus, showing st campanulatus showing quincuncial aestivation (Caruzo and Lima, 123). (E) Pistillate flowe (Cordeiro et al., 3033). (F) Pistillate flowers of C. spruceanus showing sepals united a campanulatus (Caruzo et al., 93). (H) Adpressed-stellate trichomes of C. spruceanus with https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-characters-and-coding-information-1yh6t74g.png Table 1 Morphological characters and coding information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-characters-and-comparative-statistics-for-ssj8w9h4.png Table 2 Number of characters and comparative statistics for the maximum parsimony analyses of the molecular datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-patterns-of-morphological-characters-mapped-2t0edbsd.png Fig. 4. Evolution patterns of morphological characters mapped onto one of the most parsimonious trees obtained from the combined parsimony analysis. (A) Trichomes. (B) Petiolar glands. (C) Bisexual cymules. (D) Connation of pistillate sepals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogram-of-the-bayesian-analysis-of-its-data-the-3efnqj61.png Fig. 1. Phylogram of the Bayesian analysis of ITS data. The numbers represent support values in the following order: Bayesian posterior probability (PP)/ parsimony bootstrap support (BP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-patterns-of-morphological-characters-mapped-2wtfsn1w.png Fig. 5. Evolution patterns of morphological characters mapped onto one of the most parsimonious trees obtained from the combined parsimony analysis. (A) Style division. (B) Pistillate flower petals. (C) Pistillate flower aestivation. (D) Connation of styles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogram-of-the-bayesian-analysis-of-combined-1og8kvoy.png Fig. 2. Phylogram of the Bayesian analysis of combined chloroplast trnL-F and trnH-psbA data. The numbers represent support values in the following order: Bayesian posterior probability (PP)/parsimony bootstrap support (BP). https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-phylogeny-of-the-neotropical-fish-genus-3hnpzfgbqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-timetree-of-tetragonopterinae-and-relatives-obtained-340yub64.png Fig. 3. Timetree of Tetragonopterinae and relatives obtained from maximum likelihood relaxed clock analysis of the reduced dataset using yLignobrycon ligniticus (Triportheidae) as calibration point (red diamond). Horizontal node bars indicate dating estimations with 95% posterior probability densities (HPD). Numbers before species names represent voucher information. Pli. = Pliocene; Qua. = Quaternary. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-species-of-tetragonopterus-a-t-aawp2pbu.png Fig. 1. Representative species of Tetragonopterus. (A) T. anostomus, Rio Tocantins, Amazon basin. (B) T. chalceus, Rio Xingu, Amazon basin. (C) T. rarus, Suriname. (D) T. argenteus, Río Paraguay. (E) T. araguaiensis, Rio Araguaia, Amazon basin. (F) T. sp. Xingu, Rio Xingu, Amazon basin. Photos by M.I. Taylor (A, B, F), R. Covain (C), F. Baena (D) and B.F. Melo (E). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxa-vouchers-and-locality-information-of-the-3kyfmrcj.png Table 1 Taxa, vouchers and locality information of the analyzed specimens of Tetragonopterus. Asterisks after species names represent analyzed paratypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-content-information-and-characteristics-of-each-3r66ol9w.png Table 2 Content information and characteristics of each molecular data partition. Upper line repre (Tetragonopterinae and allied species). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-the-relationships-among-major-lineages-of-2ejzkqxo.png Fig. 2. Summary of the relationships among major lineages of Characidae and related families obtained by a maximum likelihood analysis of the concatenated dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/monad-transformers-and-modular-algebraic-effects-what-binds-3hufldk7dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-classes-for-functors-monads-and-transformers-9p86r6xe.png Figure 1. Classes for functors, monads, and transformers https://scispace.com/papers/mondo-a-neutron-tracker-for-particle-therapy-secondary-6xrpommc2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-the-number-of-detected-photoelectrons-14j07z1b.png Fig. 5. – Distribution of the number of detected photoelectrons for each pixel of the spadnet sensor. The result of a fit performed using a Poisson distribution is superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-expected-number-of-photons-and-photoelectrons-in-the-81erljkw.png Table I. – Expected number of photons and photoelectrons in the readout system that are produced by an electron that cross a 250μm side fibre. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-a-neutron-interacting-with-p2owd44o.png Fig. 1. – Schematic representation of a neutron interacting with double elastic scattering. From the reconstruction of the proton tracks and the measurement of their kinetic energy and production angles, the event can be fully reconstructed and direction and energy of the incident neutron can be computed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-design-of-the-mondo-tracker-the-fibres-activated-by-27zns8j6.png Fig. 2. – Design of the MONDO tracker. The fibres activated by the passage of the scattered protons are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-detection-efficiency-indeed-as-the-capability-of-oypyedj7.png Fig. 3. – Left: detection efficiency (indeed as the capability of completely contain two subsequent recoiled proton trajectories) as a function of neutron kinetic energy. Right: efficiency, represented by the color palette, as a function of neutron kinetic energy and emission angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-single-demonstrator-layer-4-x-4-cm2-area-readout-1kk4qm1y.png Fig. 4. – Left: single demonstrator layer, 4 × 4 cm2 area, readout setup. The plane is held vertically, the central circle shows the sketch of the impinging electron beam in the perpendicular direction. the fibres that are producing light, due to the interactions with the beam, are highlighted. Right: the fibres are collected in a PVC support and are readout by the spadnet sensor. https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-and-banks-in-the-euro-area-the-tale-of-two-1ektcp02ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t2-imbalances-and-intra-euro-area-cross-border-3gqdof1h.png Figure 5: T2 imbalances and intra-euro area cross-border inter-MFI loans. Source: ECB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-mfi-interest-rates-on-loans-to-non-financial-5y42xmkl.png Figure 20: MFI interest rates on loans to non-financial corporations, new business. Maturity: over 5 years. Value: 1 million Euros or less. Source: Eurostat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-holders-of-government-bonds-in-germany-uk-us-source-19y8r79r.png Figure 9: holders of government bonds in Germany, UK, US. Source: Bruegel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-mfi-excl-escb-holding-of-government-securities-3px5a36n.png Figure 15: MFI (excl. ESCB) holding of government securities - different counterparties. Source: ECB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-contributions-to-yoy-growth-rates-of-mfis-escl-h2ym4mqq.png Figure 16: contributions to YoY growth rates of MFIs (escl. ESCB) assets (securities), by counterpart location. Source: ECB . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-interbank-deposits-of-mfi-excl-escb-by-geographical-1615mci2.png Figure 8: Interbank deposits of MFI (excl. ESCB), by geographical counterpart. Source: ECB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contributions-to-yoy-growth-rate-of-mfis-excl-escb-1xz2e6v0.png Figure 12: contributions to YoY growth rate of MFIs (excl. ESCB) assets (loans+securities+shares) by counterpart location. Source: ECB . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-banks-government-and-escb-liabilities-source-ecb-8vxechtl.png Figure 17: banks, government and ESCB liabilities. Source: ECB. https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-and-inequality-under-labor-market-frictions-sajktu62ro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-irfs-of-relative-employment-and-skill-premium-in-3oth4cgq.png Figure 9: IRFs of relative employment and skill premium in different sectors to a one percentage point unexpected reduction in the FF interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparing-akx-and-ahx-alx-and-xt-and-wht-wlt-2jck3squ.png Figure 6: Comparing αkx and ( αHx − αLx ) , and x̂t and ŵHt − ŵLt dynamics across different scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-sam-asymmetry-and-csc-aggregate-1d3myg32.png Figure 2: Effects of SAM asymmetry and CSC – aggregate variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-irfs-to-a-one-percentage-point-unexpected-reduction-11gqg9ej.png Figure 1: IRFs to a one percentage point unexpected reduction in the FF interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effects-of-individual-sam-asymmetries-on-the-2mtqcmqw.png Figure 8: The effects of individual SAM asymmetries on the relative income share of high vs low skilled labor after an expansionary monetary policy shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-irfs-after-a-1-increase-in-gt-34kzk6jo.png Figure 11: IRFs after a 1% increase in Gt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-irfs-after-a-1-increase-in-gt-1f03nzt9.png Figure 10: IRFs after a 1% increase in Gt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-income-shares-of-labor-types-2p08u14b.png Figure 3: Income shares of labor types https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-determinacy-and-learnability-in-a-two-block-1m617sftyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-conditions-for-determinacy-and-learnability-fj4x97s7.png Figure 1: The conditions for determinacy and learnability when each monetary authority uses a simple contemporaneous data Taylor rule. The more open economy will have a steeper tradeo¤ in the Figure. https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-judgment-and-near-rational-exuberance-1kd2vnhqcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sufficiently-aggressive-policy-is-again-associated-3d9vgewy.png Figure 2: Sufficiently aggressive policy is again associated with nonexuberance when the policy rule is forward-looking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exuberance-equilibria-in-the-new-keynesian-model-33yay9l2.png Figure 1: Exuberance equilibria in the New Keynesian model. Open boxes indicate points where the REE is determinate. Triangles indicate points where exuberance equilibria exist. https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-surprises-over-time-hojwebpepm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ecb-announcement-on-22-jan-2015-introduction-of-the-3gflikk6.png Figure 3: ECB announcement on 22 Jan 2015: introduction of the PSPP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-asset-price-changes-around-specific-fed-qe2-dates-gs7c05yq.png Figure 2: Asset price changes around specific Fed QE2 dates (basis points) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-impact-of-monetary-policy-surprises-on-asset-3a945a5c.png Table A-5: Impact of monetary policy surprises on asset prices after the sovereign crisis: alternative sample definition https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-impact-of-monetary-policy-surprises-on-asset-krgpdri0.png Table A-6: Impact of monetary policy surprises on asset prices before the global financial crisis: separate regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-impact-of-monetary-policy-surprises-on-asset-prices-11ys6wvu.png Table 7: Impact of monetary policy surprises on asset prices after the sovereign crisis https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-9-ecb-monetary-policy-august-2007-september-2016-317sp2i9.png Table A-9: ECB Monetary Policy: August 2007 - September 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-impact-of-monetary-policy-surprises-on-asset-prices-k349rmsv.png Table 6: Impact of monetary policy surprises on asset prices during the crisis https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-us-response-of-yield-curve-to-target-and-path-207x99b9.png Table A-1: US: Response of Yield Curve to Target and Path Factors https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-spillovers-under-intermediate-exchange-rate-2hq9nzwdon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-fomc-monetary-policy-shocks-2npv9p5k.png Table A.7: FOMC Monetary Policy Shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-peg-intensities-over-time-selected-countries-1dqr1n0o.png Figure A.3: Peg intensities over time, selected countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-consolidating-ilzetzki-et-al-2019-irr-fine-3kb8suw6.png Table 11: Consolidating Ilzetzki et al. [2019] (IRR) Fine Classifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-baseline-regression-results-emerging-markets-6nuc3ho7.png Table 4: Baseline Regression Results: Emerging Markets https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-international-reserves-and-monetary-spillovers-1c6sde63.png Table 8: International Reserves and Monetary Spillovers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-peg-intensities-over-time-cross-country-average-uryw72ff.png Figure A.4: Peg intensities over time, cross-country average https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-country-summary-2wgyx3u9.png Table A.1: Country Summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spillover-effects-across-peg-intensity-bins-all-291pqfml.png Table 5: Spillover Effects across Peg Intensity Bins: All Countries https://scispace.com/papers/money-talks-an-experimental-investigation-of-cheap-talk-and-2cotakm7dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-history-screen-t2e1ox8w.png Figure 3. Example of history screen https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-when-are-positive-signal-costs-employed-last-20-9a6qysmb.png Table 7. When are positive signal costs employed? (last 20 periods) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-use-of-signal-cost-in-hybrid-b-1-22tdr0x0.png Table 10. The use of signal cost in hybrid b-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-information-processing-by-receiver-o4zsc90m.png Table 4. Information processing by receiver https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-information-transmission-by-sender-vdaw8qw9.png Table 3. Information transmission by sender https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ml-estimation-results-on-messages-and-signal-costs-37okjfhe.png Table 5. ML estimation results on messages and signal costs (last 20 periods) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-senders-payoff-conditional-on-state-and-signal-cost-c1zgzhaw.png Table 8. Sender’s payoff conditional on state and signal cost (last 20 periods) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-effect-of-signal-cost-on-perceived-32eu4yt8.png Table 9. The effect of signal cost on (perceived) trustworthiness (for m>9) https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-historical-masonry-structures-with-operational-4rrfk5n0kn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-environmental-effects-2l8v4y2u.png Figure 13: Environmental effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-church-1xmke9zq.png Figure 9: Church https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-environmental-effects-temperature-and-relative-air-3jk43816.png Figure 7: Environmental effects: temperature and relative air humidity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-dynamic-monitoring-system-location-of-the-sensors-2bwmsib6.png Figure 12: Dynamic monitoring system: location of the sensors; accelerometer on the main nave, and battery of recorders together with the base accelerometer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mogadouro-clock-tower-general-view-and-severe-qpx8a6mo.png Figure 1: Mogadouro Clock Tower: general view and severe damage before rehabilitation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measurements-before-and-after-the-rehabilitation-36l2mq2o.png Figure 2: Measurements before and after the rehabilitation showing also some sensor locations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-quadratic-regression-and-confidence-intervals-1uoap4ay.png Figure 14: Quadratic regression and confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dynamic-monitoring-system-datalogger-acquisition-300ij4v0.png Figure 6: Dynamic monitoring system: datalogger, acquisition software and accelerometers https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-of-antibody-glycosylation-pattern-based-on-1rl1wb61ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-workflow-of-n-glycan-analysis-based-on-3d9ltv22.png Figure 1. Schematic workflow of N-glycan analysis based on MAMS with MALDI detection and on the CGE-LIF technique. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-identified-n-glycopeptides-from-the-mab-sample-the-w1et0gur.png Table 1. Identified N-glycopeptides from the mAb sample. The observed m/z signals were searched against the GlycopepDB database with an accepted mass tolerance of 30 ppm. Abbreviations: fucose (Fuc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-microarray-based-maldi-tof-and-cge-lif-12hjec8i.png Table 2. Comparison of microarray-based MALDI-TOF and CGE-LIF methods with regard to sample preparation and analytical procedure. The estimated duration of each step is included in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mams-data-distribution-of-fa2-and-fa2g1-n-11jxzb43.png Figure 4. MAMS data distribution of FA2 and FA2G1 N-glycopeptides obtained from independent mAb digestions. The bottom and top end represent the range by the min and max observation. Within the box horizontal line indicates median, whereas the open square the mean value. The outliers are depicted by black filled diamonds. The mAb samples were collected from perfusion bioreactor on day 1, 10 and 18. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-percentage-of-fa2-black-solid-triangles-31povsfs.png Figure 5. (A) The percentage of FA2 (black solid triangles, dotted line) and FA2G1 N-glycopeptides (green solid triangles, dotted line) determined with MALDI-TOF MS as a function of time. Each point on the graph represents the mean percentage value of triplicate sample digestion per sampling day with corresponding standard deviation. (B) The FA2/FA2G1 N-glycopeptide ratio (black/green diamonds, continuous line) benchmarked with FA2/FA2G1 ratio of released N-glycans (pink diamonds, dotted line) based on the CGE-LIF method. The gray area indicates mean error in cross validation of different analytical methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maldi-tof-tof-with-cid-of-the-tryptic-n-15q9hhyj.png Figure 3. MALDI-TOF/TOF with CID of the tryptic N-glycopeptide from mAb. (A) Peptide sequence determined from analysis of y-type and b-type fragmentation of the backbone amide bonds with occasional deamination (asterisks) or elimination of water (double asterisks). Arrows indicate the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-maldi-tof-mass-spectrum-of-n-1n534oti.png Figure 2. Representative MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of N-glycopeptides obtained from tryptic digestion of mAb (bioreactor working day 3, single MAMS spot). The two most abundant Nglycopeptides, FA2and FA2G1, which differ by a terminal galactose (±162 Da), were identified using GlycoPep DB. Other forms such as FA1, A2 and FA2G2 were also observed. N-glycan symbols: fucose (red triangles), galactose (yellow circles), mannose (green circles) and N-acetylglucosamine (blue squares). https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-microbial-dechlorination-of-tetrachloroethene-pce-jul4ll5o71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-amount-of-each-chlorinated-ethene-in-aqueous-and-1ahuobkb.png FIGURE 2. Amount of each chlorinated ethene in aqueous and gas phase of microcosm. Carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of the initially added PCE (dashed line), of each compound, and of the total of all compounds. The standard uncertainty of the δ13C values of individual compounds corresponds approximately to the size of the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mole-fractions-and-carbon-isotope-ratios-d13c-of-3evyf9as.png FIGURE 3. Mole fractions and carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of chlorinated ethenes in groundwater samples taken at Toronto field site on August 28, 1998. The mole fractions were calculated by dividing the concentration of each compound by the total concentration of chlorinated ethenes. The standard uncertainty of the δ13C values is smaller than the size of the symbols (Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-of-screens-of-monitoring-wells-at-toronto-3w289hvj.png TABLE 1. Location of Screens of Monitoring Wells at Toronto Site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plan-of-the-field-site-at-toronto-ontario-canada-24rcjttn.png FIGURE 1. Plan of the field site at Toronto, Ontario, Canada. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-and-stable-carbon-isotope-ratios-d13c-1tj6j2wa.png TABLE 2. Concentrations and Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios (δ13C) of Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater Samples of the Toronto Site Taken on August 28, 1998a https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-the-formation-of-amyloid-oligomers-using-154xb3iw30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-time-monitoring-of-ab-oligomers-using-9xode2ml.png Figure 2. Real-time monitoring of Aβ oligomers using photoluminescence anisotropy (blue dots) and Aβ fibrils using ThT fluorescence (red dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-anisotropy-of-different-concentrations-of-ru-bpy-2-15c7smei.png Figure 4. Anisotropy of different concentrations of [Ru(bpy)2(dpqp)]2+ with constant Aβ concentration (50 M). The red line is a fit to equation 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-different-metal-complexes-used-to-22wllejo.png Figure 1. Structure of different metal complexes used to monitor Aβ aggregation (a) [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ (b) [Re(CO)3(dppz)(Py)]+ (c) [Ru(bpy)2(dpqp)]2+. (d) [Ru(bpy)2(dpqp)]2+ in MeOH/EtOH (1:4) glass at 77K. (e) Anisotropy of [Ru(bpy)2(dpqp)]2+ at different excitation wavelengths (em = 620 nm) in glass (blue dots) and in aqueous solution at room temperature (red dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sds-of-ab-incubated-for-different-times-the-3rihcfoh.png Figure 3. (a) SDS of Aβ incubated for different times. The numbers on top represent the time in hours and on the left are the ladder in kDa. (b) TEM images of aliquots taken at different time points during A incubation. Scale bar = 100 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-the-neighbor-discovery-protocol-4hp69d0uqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-redirect-traffic-with-spoofed-ra-2gtd4r1x.png Fig. 2. Redirect traffic with spoofed RA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-address-resolution-2g1jhvcc.png Fig. 1. Address Resolution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-implementation-architecture-fo88q7u1.png Fig. 5. Implementation Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-validation-testbed-1u9a5kdg.png Fig. 6. Validation testbed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-monitoring-tool-deployment-3cc4snyy.png Fig. 4. Monitoring tool deployment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cryptographic-addresses-generation-c6bxa6st.png Fig. 3. Cryptographic Addresses Generation https://scispace.com/papers/monoclonal-antibodies-targeting-the-il-17-il-17ra-axis-an-dgwusf2lw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-showing-the-implication-of-il-17a-q2vpbaot.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing the implication of IL-17A in tumorigenesis and resistance to anti-VEGF therapies in colorectal cancer. Abbreviations: CRC: Colorectal cancer; TAF: Tumor-associated fibroblast; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; GCSF: Granulocytes colony-stimulating factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor. https://scispace.com/papers/monolayer-passivation-of-ge-100-surface-via-nitridation-and-47u7cf2c2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stm-and-sts-of-plasma-nitrided-ge-100-a-filled-37pyvar8.png Figure 1. STM and STS of Plasma Nitrided Ge(100). (a) Filled state STM image of a Ge(100) surface nitrided at 500oC. Ge-N ordered (rectangle) and disordered (circle) structures are shown. The dotted box is expanded for geometric analysis. (b) STS results on a clean Ge(100) (dotted) and a nitrided Ge surface (straight). Note that the Fermi level of n-type Ge is pinned near the valence band (VB) edge after plasma nitridation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dft-models-of-nitrided-ge-100-upper-left-dft-model-28zu676z.png Figure 2. DFT Models of Nitrided Ge(100). (upper left) DFT model of subnitride with backbond insertion N sites. Each Ge surface atom has two half filled dangling bonds; (lower left) DFT model of H-passivated subnitride; (right) DFT calculations of the density of states shows the subnitride produces density near the Fermi energy, but hydrogen passivation removes the density around the Fermi energy unpinning the Fermi level of Ge surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stm-of-ebeam-geo2-on-ge-100-before-and-after-post-2tlx6kl9.png Figure 5. STM of ebeam GeO2 on Ge(100) before and after post deposition annealing. (a) Ge(100) surface deposited with GeO2 at room temperature. Semi-ordered Ge-O structures (circle) and Ge ad-atoms (square) are observed. (b) Ge(100) surface deposited with GeO2 after annealing at 325oC. Ge regrowth island (rectangle) and suboxide rows (oval) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sts-of-e-beam-geo2-on-ge-100-before-and-after-post-nuq7tmza.png Figure 6. STS of e-beam GeO2 on Ge(100) before and after post deposition annealing. (a) STS of GeO2 deposited Ge(100) at room temperature. The Fermi level of n-type Ge surface is pinned near the valence band edge. (b) STS of GeO2 deposited on Ge(100) after annealing at 325oC. The Fermi level of n-type Ge surface is pinned near the valence band edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sts-of-h2o-ge-100-before-and-after-post-deposition-1c2kbvm9.png Figure 4. STS of H2O/Ge(100) before and after post deposition annealing. (a) STS of H2O dosed Ge(100) at room temperature. The Fermi level of n-type Ge surface is pinned near the valence band edge. (b) STS of H2O dosed Ge(100) annealed at 300oC. The Fermi level of n-type Ge surface is pinned near the midgap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stm-of-h2o-ge-100-before-and-after-post-deposition-3uonk8og.png Figure 3. STM of H2O/Ge(100) before and after post deposition annealing. (a) The Ge(100) surface dosed with 1.5 L of H2O at room temperature. H2O chemisorption sites (circle) and dimer vacancies (diamond) can be distinguished by different depths (0.9 Å for H2O sites, 1.2 Å for DV). (b) The H2O dosed Ge(100) surface after annealing at 300oC. Due to the H2 desorption at this temperature, H2O sites (circle) are significantly reduced and bright Ge-O sites (square) are formed. Dark suboxide rows are also observed (oval). https://scispace.com/papers/monolayers-of-a-novel-ionoselective-butadienyl-dye-5192oc172s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bam-images-of-the-crown-ether-dye1-monolayers-on-water-28yf0398.png Fig. 3. BAM images of the crown-ether dye1 monolayers on water (a) and 1 mM solutions of KClO4 (b), Pb(ClO4)2 (c), and Hg(ClO4)2 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflection-spectra-of-monolayers-of-the-crown-ether-192r9a3u.png Fig. 2. Reflection spectra of monolayers of the crown ether dye1: (a) at a surface pressure of 10 mN/m on water (curve 1) and on 1 mM aqueo solutions of KClO4 (dashed, 2), AgClO4 (3) and Pb(ClO4)2 (4); (b) on 1 mM (1, 2) and 1 µM (3, 4) HClO4 at a surface pressure of 10 mN/m (1, 3) and 20 mN/m (2, 4); (c) on 1 mM Hg(ClO4)2 at a surface pressure 1 mN/m (dotted, 1), 10 mN/m (dashed, 2), 20 mN/m (dashed-dotted, 3) and 30 mN/m (solid curve, 4). https://scispace.com/papers/monoterpene-emissions-from-a-pacific-northwest-old-growth-4g6vdea772 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standard-emission-factors-and-temperature-dependence-mygdocbq.png Table 2 Standard emission factors and temperature-dependence parameters plus the 95% confidence interval determined using ½ln Emeas¼ ln Es þ bðT2TsÞ ; where b ( C 1) is the slope of the line and Es (mgCg 1 h 1) is calculated from the y-intercept https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-standard-emission-factors-es-in-mgcg-1-h-1-and-376ikxrv.png Table 3 Standard emission factors (Es in mgCg 1 h 1) and temperature-dependence parameters b ( C 1) for the sum of all monoterpenes from Douglas-fir samples at each branch during each field campaign, and for sunlit vs. shaded branches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-secondary-biogenic-organic-aerosols-estimated-by-cmaq-35cz4pd1.png Fig. 2. Secondary biogenic organic aerosols estimated by CMAQ for 14 July 1996 at 8:00 PST in mgm 3. Base case shown on the left and the difference between the base case and case 2 presented in the right graphic. Area 1 estimated aerosols decreased by 20% during the peak aerosol period while area 2 aerosols decreased by 24%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-coefficients-r2-for-the-emission-rates-jd7hoxlc.png Table 1 Correlation coefficients (R2) for the emission rates of specific monote and combined sampling years differentiated by species https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-analysis-of-the-influence-of-dc-conditions-on-xcg4cgn857 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-spectral-density-for-an-amplitude-of-the-37erqed4.png Figure 3. Current spectral density for an amplitude of the time-varying electric field of 15 kV cm−1 and different values the dc field: (a) 3, (b) 15 and (c) 40 kV cm−1. The insets show the same results when the deterministic component of the current is suppressed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-current-spectral-density-for-different-amplitudes-fdglk0ou.png Figure 2. Current spectral density for different amplitudes of the time-varying electric field in the absence of a dc field: (a) 3, (b) 15 and (c) 85 kV cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-average-electron-velocity-as-a-function-of-the-t07cjq3e.png Figure 1. The average electron velocity as a function of the electric field amplitude obtained with the energy-dependent scattering time used in the model. https://scispace.com/papers/monotone-conformance-checking-for-partially-matching-2ari5c3d72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-entropy-based-precision-and-recall-values-4l7r5jr7.png Table I: The entropy-based precision and recall values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-entropy-based-precision-and-recall-values-both-1ivwpn47.png Table II: The entropy-based precision and recall values, both original and based on the τ -closures of languages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-artificial-process-models-from-14-15-2d0xnke1.png Figure 6: Artificial process models from [14], [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-precision-and-recall-values-for-synthetic-log-m1j3epfu.png Table III: Precision and recall values for synthetic log. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-finite-automata-3f2665fy.png Figure 1: Two finite automata. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-rankings-of-precision-values-for-synthetic-log-4bkif70s.png Table IV: Rankings of precision values for synthetic log. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-finite-automata-b-is-ergodic-3hi3ime0.png Figure 2: Two finite automata; (b) is ergodic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-time-of-determinization-and-entropy-calculation-for-3mru7vj6.png Table V: Time of determinization and entropy calculation for real-life event logs (in seconds). https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-modeling-and-analyses-of-yalina-booster-162vjr8b3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3he-n-p-reaction-rate-calculated-with-mcnpx-from-a-yauxikaa.png Figure 4. 3He(n,p) reaction rate calculated with MCNPX from a single D-D neutron pulse for the 1141 YALINA-Booster configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3he-n-p-reaction-rate-calculated-for-the-first-6-15krfv9i.png Figure 5. 3He(n,p) reaction rate calculated for the first 6 successive D-D neutron pulses for the 1141 YALINA-Booster configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3he-n-p-reaction-rate-calculated-for-6-successive-d-3v8kjzdk.png Figure 6. 3He(n,p) reaction rate calculated for 6 successive D-D neutron pulses starting from pulse number 11 for the 1141 YALINA-Booster configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3he-n-p-reaction-rate-calculated-for-6-successive-d-32agllko.png Figure 7. 3He(n,p) reaction rate calculated for 6 successive D-D neutron pulses starting from pulse number 21 for the 1141 YALINA-Booster configuration https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-the-experimental-e-and-numerical-c-178sawvi.png Table II. Comparison of the experimental (E) and numerical (C) multiplication factors. The correction factor has been calculated as the MCNP keff (C) obtained in criticality mode divided by the MCNP/C keff obtained in source mode with the area method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-the-experimental-e-and-numerical-c-22u8bxuq.png Table III. Comparison of the experimental (E) and numerical (C) reactivity. The correction factor has been calculated as the MCNP reactivity (C) obtained in criticality mode divided the MCNP/C reactivity obtained in source mode (with the area method). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-3he-n-p-reaction-rate-calculated-for-6-successive-1cmb1xzu.png Figure 14. 3He(n,p) reaction rate calculated for 6 successive D-D neutron pulses starting from pulse number 9991 for the 1141 YALINA-Booster configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-3he-n-p-reaction-rate-calculated-for-6-successive-1fv836le.png Figure 15. 3He(n,p) reaction rate calculated for 6 successive D-D neutron pulses starting from pulse number 14991 for the 1141 YALINA-Booster configuration https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-simulation-on-kinetics-of-batch-and-semi-batch-1mn37cdxrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-monte-carlo-simulation-on-batch-frp-at-relative-uysr9tfp.png Figure 4 Monte Carlo simulation on batch FRP at relative high temperature with variation of initial monomer concentration (Cm). Ci = 0.51%, Pi = 1.99×10-5 ~ 1.46×10-4, Pa = 2×10-2, Pt = 1.0. (a) Kinetics profiles of monomer conversion versus polymerization time; (b) Kinetics profiles of Mn (PDI) versus monomer conversion; (c) Kinetics profiles of propagation constants kp versus monomer conversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monte-carlo-simulated-relationship-of-propagation-26q5pbdq.png Figure 5 Monte Carlo simulated relationship of propagation constants kp with initial monomer concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-polymerization-induced-phase-separation-in-monte-aojma9bx.png Figure 11 Polymerization-induced phase separation in Monte Carlo simulation on precipitation FRP with varied attractive interaction (ε). Particles in green and blue are monomers and reacted initiators, those in light green are unreacted initiators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-radius-of-gyration-rg-profiles-of-simulated-242p1jjp.png Figure 10 Radius of gyration (Rg) profiles of simulated precipitation FRP with varied attractive interaction (ε). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-of-instant-variables-in-monte-carlo-2gswe6tl.png Figure 8 Variation of instant variables in Monte Carlo simulation on the semi-batch FRP. (a) Ratio of )( rim CCC versus monomer conversion; (b) Number of termination versus monomer conversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monte-carlo-simulated-kinetics-profile-of-monomer-3vic6y40.png Figure 6 Monte Carlo simulated kinetics profile of monomer conversion versus polymerization time in a semi-batch FRP. Pi = 1.0×10-6 ~ 1.27×10-4, Pa = 1.2×10-2, Pt = 1.0; Ci = 0.51%, total Cm = 0.08 (Monomers are “fed” over a period of 170×107). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-kinetics-profile-of-propagation-constants-kp-versus-2b8s57wz.png Figure 7 Kinetics profile of propagation constants kp versus monomer conversion in Monte Carlo simulation on semi-batch FRP. The reaction condition is same as that in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monte-carlo-simulation-on-batch-frp-at-relative-low-3bwoop0k.png Figure 1 Monte Carlo simulation on batch FRP at relative low temperature with variation of initial initiator concentration (Ci). Cm = 0.08, Pi = 1.0×10-6 ~ 1.27×10-4, Pa = 1.2×10-2,, Pt = 1.0. (a) Kinetics profiles of monomer conversion versus polymerization time; (b) Kinetics profiles of Mn (PDI) versus monomer conversion. https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-model-and-single-scattering-approximation-of-the-179rr5epgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-a-single-scattering-event-xtd401af.png Fig. 1. Geometry of a single-scattering event. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-single-scattering-solid-curves-and-monte-3q94ukt1.png Fig. 4. Results of single scattering solid curves and Monte Carlo scattered symbols models of the azimuthal dependence of backward Mueller-matrix pattern elements a S12 and b S21. The source–detector distances are 0.4 cm and 1.0 cm. Absorption coefficient a, 0.01 cm 1; scattering coefficient s, 1 cm 1; concentration of glucose, 300 g dL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rotation-angles-1-and-2-for-changes-in-backward-82srlc69.png Fig. 5. Rotation angles 1 and 2 for changes in backward Mueller-matrix elements S12 a and b S21 with changes in the source–detector distance. Solid curves, results from the singlescattering model; symbols, results from the Monte Carlo model. s, 10 cm 1; a, 0.1 cm 1; thickness of the sample h, 1 cm; , concentrations of glucose. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rotation-angles-2-of-changes-in-backward-mueller-3fcz74j6.png Fig. 8. Rotation angles 2 of changes in backward Mueller-matrix element S21 with changes in the concentration of glucose. Solid curves, results from the single-scattering model; symbols, results from the Monte Carlo model. Source–detector distances are shown. s, 10 cm 1; a, 0.1 cm 1; thickness of the sample h, 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-backscattered-light-intensities-on-1zcinu2a.png Fig. 6. Distribution of backscattered light intensities on scattering events of light a, 0.1 cm 1; s, 10 cm 1; thickness of the turbid medium, 1 cm . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-monte-carlo-simulated-rotation-of-a-matrix-element-s12-1w6nbt89.png Fig. 7. Monte Carlo simulated rotation of a matrix element S12, 1 and b matrix element S21, 2. s, 10 cm 1; a, 0.1 cm 1; thickness of the sample h, 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-single-scattering-profiles-of-the-backscatt-3hbl52kv.png Fig. 2. Single-scattering profiles of the backscatt https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-monte-carlo-simulated-rotation-angle-of-backward-3rts2onr.png Fig. 9. Monte Carlo simulated rotation angle of backward Mueller-matrix element S21 for high scattering in a turbid medium containing glucose; s is 100 cm 1, a is 10 cm 1, and the thickness of the sample h is 0.04 cm. Solid curves, linear fit. https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-simulation-tool-for-online-treatment-monitoring-2n4giimi5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pearsons-correlation-coefficient-analysis-in-time-1nq8t2ue.png Figure 7: Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient analysis in time: the black points represent the agreement between the data and simulation of the first day, while the white points the agreement between the two experimental acquisition. Red line is the 0.9 significant threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proton-beam-fwhm-at-the-isocenter-in-air-comparison-3etgl6oc.png Figure 3: Proton beam FWHM at the isocenter in air: comparison between MC simulation (black points) and the model calculated starting from experimental measurements as reported in [48] (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-implemented-in-the-monte-carlo-simulation-2nul3wn4.png Figure 2: Geometry implemented in the Monte Carlo simulation tool in FLUKA. A) CNAO beam line. B) Monitor chambers of the Dose Delivery System. C) Patient CT. D) Range shifter, 3 cm water equivalent thick. E) INSIDE in-beam PET panel (above patient). F) INSIDE in-beam PET panel (below patient). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-beam-induced-activity-in-time-the-1zvn97bs.png Figure 6: Evolution of the beam-induced activity in time: the same coronal CT slice is shown with the 4D PET images overlaid at different times (80 s, 120 s, 160 s, 200 s, 240s from the beginning of the treatment delivery). The intensity of the images refers to different scales because of the different time-interval statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-positron-emitting-isotopes-produced-during-1rxswlem.png Table 1: Main positron-emitting isotopes produced during hadrontherapy treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-prescribed-dose-distribution-24owipqp.png Figure 5: Comparison between the prescribed dose distribution (upper row), obtained from the RT Dose DICOM file, and the simulated dose distribution (central row) calculated by means of the INSIDE in-beam PET Monte Carlo simulation. The dose distributions are normalized to the maximum and overlaid in colour on the patient’s CT. The Gamma Index calculated with the 3% − 3mm criteria is also shown (lower row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-overall-view-analysis-in-time-a-the-average-minimum-2u46wqtg.png Figure 9: Overall View analysis in time: A) the average minimum distance between the two iso-activity surfaces; B) the FWHM of the iso-activity surface distance distribution. Black points represent the agreement between data and simulation of the first day, while white points the agreement between the two experimental acquisition. Values before 120 s from the beginning of the treatment delivery are excluded by the PCC analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coincidence-event-rate-during-the-treatment-of-the-jk6unnwk.png Figure 4: Coincidence event rate during the treatment of the first patient monitored by the INSIDE in-beam PET system (2016/12/01): data is shown in red, simulation in blue. Experimental in-spill peaks are out of scale to focus on the inter-spill contributions. https://scispace.com/papers/month-of-birth-effects-on-skills-and-skill-formation-3a7qvxx8zl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gaps-in-family-background-between-april-and-march-29mh1vsr.png Table 2: Gaps in Family Background Between April- and March-born Students https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-heterogeneous-month-of-birth-effects-by-ses-family-bi40armb.png Table 15: Heterogeneous Month-of-Birth Effects by SES (Family Income) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-human-capital-investment-outside-of-school-1-2nerk0ys.png Figure 5: Human Capital Investment Outside of School (1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-month-of-birth-effects-on-high-school-quality-3t1n1yoi.png Table 12: Month-of-Birth Effects on High School Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-questionnaire-on-noncognitive-ability-3ojgfvfo.png Table 9: Questionnaire on Noncognitive Ability https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-month-of-birth-effects-for-10th-50th-and-90th-3q4rb6ir.png Table 16: Month-of-Birth Effects for 10th, 50th, and 90th Percentiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-10th-50th-and-50th-90th-percentile-gaps-in-month-of-1uk9yab8.png Table 17: 10th-50th and 50th-90th Percentile Gaps in Month-of-Birth Effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-quality-of-relationships-with-teachers-and-peers-1fnwoz7j.png Figure 7: Quality of Relationships with Teachers and Peers https://scispace.com/papers/moon-a-new-overlay-network-architecture-for-mobility-and-qos-1pdb63rpqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-zero-authentication-message-flow-2enmtjzg.png Figure 3 Zero Authentication message flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-moon-architecture-overview-2t7dy24a.png Figure 1 MOON Architecture Overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fast-authentication-message-flow-8ipd2zvl.png Figure 2 Fast Authentication message flow https://scispace.com/papers/moral-conflicts-perceived-by-students-of-a-project-course-3214y30kqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stages-of-group-process-33-34-1j837ks0.png Table 1: Stages of group process [33, 34] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-one-students-drawing-of-a-moral-conflict-in-project-25bxfj06.png Figure 4. One student’s drawing of a moral conflict in project work, and the conflict as solved https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-and-second-order-perspectives-1835-33f85559.png Figure 1: The first and second order perspectives [18,35] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-of-moral-conflicts-perceived-by-students-320efduy.png Table 2: Categories of moral conflicts perceived by students https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-one-students-drawing-about-moral-conflict-in-2l5vnu5s.png Figure 3: One student’s drawing about moral conflict in project work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-students-drawing-about-a-moral-conflict-f7uv41j3.png Figure 2. One student’s drawing about a moral conflict. https://scispace.com/papers/morphology-and-causes-of-landslides-in-portalet-area-spanish-50ce0o8cy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-software-results-along-both-profiles-p1-and-p2-for-3l91y9sc.png Figure 20.- Software results along both profiles P1 and P2 for the stability modelling before 2005. The red line symbolises approximately the landslide extension. Landslide length is 200 and 500 m for P2 and 270 m for P1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-inclinometric-measurements-in-gb4-borehole-in-2005-1clb1rle.png Figure 11.- Inclinometric measurements in GB4 borehole in 2005, next to base of the displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-representation-of-the-supposed-morphology-for-the-15dvavls.png Figure 10.- Representation of the supposed morphology for the displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-details-of-the-parking-lot-2mexllv9.png Figure 12.- Details of the parking-lot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hydraulic-cylinder-placed-in-a-trench-1hdwnovt.png Figure 6- Hydraulic cylinder placed in a trench https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-calculating-profile-generated-by-alice-r-software-jtqzg4rr.png Figure 14.- Calculating profile generated by ALICE® software, showing the topographic surface, the geological model composed of three layers separated by the red lines, sea and water table levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-illustration-of-the-way-the-software-calculates-1nwakosd.png Figure 15.- Illustration of the way the software calculates safety factors for several landslide positions (red circles) along a topographic profile. The pink circle represents the landslide position with the highest probability of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12afvdkf.png Figure 4.- https://scispace.com/papers/morphosyntactic-production-and-verbal-working-memory-4jf8pi6t1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-mixed-effect-model-on-accuracy-fitted-to-1iirqefc.png Table 4. Linear mixed-effect model on Accuracy fitted to Dataset 1 (8 aphasic and 8 control participants) (Model 1). The model included the additive effect of Morphosyntactic Condition and WM, and the interaction between the two. The model also included a random intercept for Subjects (SD = 0.068). https://scispace.com/papers/motion-and-landscape-otl-aicher-gunther-grzimek-and-the-4krov8v6zc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-olympic-park-and-roof-21tzmfru.png Figure 3: Olympic Park and roof https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stadium-interior-roof-pylon-with-rainbow-design-1cd7naoj.png Figure 2: Stadium interior: roof pylon with rainbow design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-otl-aichers-sports-posters-1w4qbac9.png Figure 1: Otl Aicher’s sports posters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-olympic-lake-roof-and-television-tower-29lq29zz.png Figure 4: Olympic lake, roof and television tower https://scispace.com/papers/motivational-judgement-internalism-and-the-problem-of-imwu386lmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-options-for-internalists-1hvt2aus.png Fig. 1 Options for Internalists https://scispace.com/papers/motion-planning-in-environments-with-danger-zones-3lcxtzuixw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-path-before-and-after-smoothing-23l0ahz7.png Figure 6: The path before and after smoothing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-workspace-containing-a-block-with-a-corridor-3okin80d.png Figure 5: The workspace containing a block with a corridor with two dangerzones. The robot has to travel through the corridor, avoiding the dangerzones as much as possible. The bottom picture shows the samples taken by the planner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-scene-with-black-obstacles-and-a-grey-dangerzone-2l3tpf4i.png Figure 2: A scene with black obstacles and a grey dangerzone. With the standard local planner no path will be found for the translating robot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-dangerzones-grey-and-two-obstacles-black-that-3panoeyy.png Figure 1: Two dangerzones (grey) and two obstacles (black) that the moving square should try to avoid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-path-before-and-after-smoothing-2nm4zqgp.png Figure 4: The path before and after smoothing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-workspace-containing-three-obstacles-and-five-2k6qqebn.png Figure 3: The workspace containing three obstacles and five dangerzone. The cube robot has to travel from bottom left to top right. The right figure shows the samples taken by the planner. https://scispace.com/papers/motion-integration-using-competitive-priors-5ehcm2g78d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stimulus-and-results-in-experiment-2-with-randomly-2q45t5v7.png Fig. 5. Stimulus and results in Experiment 2 with randomly-oriented grating stimuli. Left panel: illustration of grating stimulus. Blue arrows indicate the drifting velocity of each grating. Middle panel: human coherence thresholds for different motion stimuli. Right panel: Model prediction of coherence thresholds which are consistent with human trends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-selection-result-for-the-grating-rotation-3qvlq2o0.png Table 1. Model selection result for the grating rotation stimuli. The values are logarithms of model evidence. The correct model, rotation model, always wins. As the coherence ratio increases, the rotation model’s advantage also increases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-selection-result-for-the-grating-expansion-1o9zgmke.png Table 2. Model selection result for the grating expansion stimuli. The correct model, expansion, always wins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-selection-result-for-the-grating-translation-30zdfn26.png Table 3. Model selection result for the grating translation stimuli. All three models (rotation/expansion/translation) have virtually the same model evidence. This is due to the fact that rotation/expansion models also favor translation as translation model does. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-observing-a-walker-with-a-moving-dd7xd9xo.png Fig. 1. An illustration of observing a walker with a moving camera. Top panel, three example frames. Bottom panel, observing the scene through a set of punch holes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-in-experiment-4-with-grating-stimuli-to-1ir7n6c9.png Fig. 7. Results in Experiment 4 with grating stimuli to compare rigid versus nonrigid rotation and expansion. Left panel: human coherence thresholds for rigid and non-rigid conditions as a function of different motion patterns. Right panel: Model prediction of coherence thresholds which are consistent with human trends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-selection-results-in-experiment-1-with-random-gn0wh5ss.png Fig. 4. Model selection results in Experiment 1 with random dot motion. Plots the log probability of the model as a function of speed for each type of stimuli. left: translation; middle: rotation; right: expansion. Green curves with cross are from translation model. Red curves with circles are from rotation model. Blue curves with squares are from expansion model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-moving-random-dot-stimuli-translation-rotation-and-1gjyme2z.png Fig. 3. Moving random dot stimuli – translation, rotation and expansion https://scispace.com/papers/motivational-differences-across-post-acceptance-information-3ww8se5nj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-moderation-results-304ambmq.png Table 6 Moderation Results https://scispace.com/papers/mrmlm-v4-0-an-r-platform-for-multi-locus-genome-wide-3pws0fh7ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-performances-of-the-r-software-package-mrmlm-v4-1e1z341y.png Figure 2 The performances of the R software package mrMLM v4.0 under various situations in the detection of QTNs for rice grain width a. The numbers of markers. b. The number of individuals. c. The number of CPUs. d. Various GWAS approaches. The dataset was derived from Wang et al. [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-framework-of-the-r-software-package-mrmlm-v4-0-1wl71hg7.png Figure 1 The framework of the R software package mrMLM v4.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-manhattan-left-and-qq-right-plots-in-genome-wide-nlz7em93.png Figure 3 Manhattan (left) and QQ (right) plots in genome-wide association studies using the software mrMLM v4.0 a. Grain width in rice [28]. b. Oil concentration in maize [29]. c. Kidney weight in Simmental beef cattle [30]. The dots with black, red, ash and blue colours were used to indicate the known genes detected commonly by the mrMLM software and in original studies, only by the software mrMLM and only in original studies, and candidate genes around QTNs from the software mrMLM, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/movie-denoising-by-average-of-warped-lines-1diesfe4ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-row-100-x-100-details-of-two-consecutive-frames-of-38v94be9.png Fig. 1. Top row: 100 × 100 details of two consecutive frames of the film “The Testament of Dr. Mabuse”. Bottom row: corresponding profiles of scanlines number 50 in each image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-cost-function-for-matching-line-number-50-in-the-1jt3ab58.png Fig. 2. Left: cost function for matching line number 50 in the images shown in fig. 1. Right: same cost function with optimal path superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-several-matching-sets-shown-as-superimposed-curves-bxing61p.png Fig. 6. Several matching sets shown as superimposed curves. Each curve is the set of matches found for its middle point. Left: AWL with horizontal lines. Right: AWL with vertical lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-original-image-top-left-denoised-by-foe-denoising-top-ou3a0uj5.png Fig. 9. Original image (top left), denoised by FoE denoising (top right), denoised by NL-Means (bottom left), our result (bottom right) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-row-left-original-frame-right-original-plus-27umy9c9.png Fig. 4. Top row. Left: original frame. Right: original plus Gaussian noise of σ = 3. Middle row. Left: denoised with NL-Means using 5 frames. Right: denoised with AWL using a search space of 5 frames and 5 lines per frame. Bottom row. Left: denoised with NL-Means using 19 frames. Right: denoised with AWL using a search space of 19 frames and 5 lines per frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-row-left-difference-between-original-in-fig-4-and-bgs4xs52.png Fig. 5. Top row. Left: difference between original in fig. 4 and denoised with NL-Means using 5 frames (MSE = 0.73). Right: difference between original and denoised with AWL using 5 frames(MSE = 0.92). Bottom row. Left: difference between original and denoised with NL-Means using 19 frames (MSE = 0.73). Right: difference between original and denoised with AWL using 19 frames (MSE = 0.37). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-several-frames-of-a-film-compressed-with-mpeg4-at-19noqfkq.png Fig. 14. Several frames of a film compressed with MPEG4 at 128kbps (top row), denoised with AWL (bottom row.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-several-frames-of-a-video-captured-with-a-mobile-2pgvqsgr.png Fig. 13. Several frames of a video captured with a mobile phone camera (top row), denoised with AWL using mean average (middle row,) denoised with AWL using median average (bottom row.) https://scispace.com/papers/mrna-expression-of-minichromosome-maintenance-2-in-colonic-1pk3vbulcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c-descending-colon-adenocarcinoma-x200-ssphq1pt.png Figure 1: C descending colon adenocarcinoma (×200 magnification) In colonic adenocarcinoma, MCM2 expression is also seen throughout epithelium. But, the intensity of cell staining for MCM2 in adenocarcinomas seemed greater than that in adenomas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b-tubular-adenomas-x200-magnification-in-colonic-fmarsjal.png Figure 1: C descending colon adenocarcinoma (×200 magnification) In colonic adenocarcinoma, MCM2 expression is also seen throughout epithelium. But, the intensity of cell staining for MCM2 in adenocarcinomas seemed greater than that in adenomas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-normal-colonic-mucosa-x200-magnification-mcm2-8t6c3w78.png Figure 1: C descending colon adenocarcinoma (×200 magnification) In colonic adenocarcinoma, MCM2 expression is also seen throughout epithelium. But, the intensity of cell staining for MCM2 in adenocarcinomas seemed greater than that in adenomas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-randomisation-data-output-in-comparison-of-mcm2-mrna-297t6n3v.png Table 3: Randomisation data output in comparison of MCM2 mRNA expression between colonic normal mucosa and adenoma https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-randomisation-data-output-in-comparison-of-mcm2-mrna-2v9gu81c.png Table 2: Randomisation data output in comparison of MCM2 mRNA expression between adenomas and adenocarcinomas https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specific-primers-and-probes-for-mcm2-and-gapdh-gene-2wiccpuf.png Table 1: Specific primers and probes for MCM2 and GAPDH gene https://scispace.com/papers/moving-forward-toward-standardizing-analysis-of-quality-of-5bnshn4g6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-citations-on-quality-of-life-related-terms-found-by-30jvqs6m.png Table 1. Citations on quality of life–related terms found by searching PubMed. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-body-dynamic-modelling-and-error-analysis-of-planar-2hfanpla0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-of-flexible-multilink-mechanism-with-i61z7f6z.png Table 3 Parameters of flexible multilink mechanism with clearance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-shows-the-position-error-of-sliders-bdp-rises-2odll89q.png Figure 28 shows the position error of slider’s BDP rises significantly with the increase of clearance size. When the clearance size increases from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, the times for stable position error of slider’s BDP under no-load condition are 50 min, 50 min, 50 min and 45 min, respectively, and the corresponding stable position errors of slider’s BDP are -60 μm, -130 μm, - 190 μm and -250 μm, respectively. The times for stable position error of slider’s BDP under blanking condition are 70 min, 80 min, 80 min and 75 min respectively, and the corresponding stable position errors of slider’s BDP are -100 μm, -200 μm, -300 μm and -400 μm, respectively. It’s inferred that the stable time of slider’s BDP position error is not sensitive to the clearance size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dynamic-simulation-parameters-of-the-crankshaft-3v7fg3tm.png Table 1 Dynamic simulation parameters of the crankshaft-bearing system https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-tnm-for-the-crankshaft-bearing-system-36baeqw6.png Table 2 Parameters of TNM for the crankshaft-bearing system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-shows-that-the-position-error-of-sliders-bdp-for-dzg1w92a.png Figure 25 shows that the position error of slider’s BDP for MHSPP initially increases tremendously and then fluctuates around a stable value. Compared to that neglecting the thermalmechanical coupling effect of the crankshaft-bearing structure, the simulated position error of slider’s BDP considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect of the crankshaft-bearing system agrees better with experimental data and the validity of the improved model is verified. The stable position deviation of slider’s BDP for MHSPP under no-load condition is about -50 μm, while that under blanking condition fluctuates around -100 μm. The position deviation of slider’s BDP under no-load and blanking conditions considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect of the crankshaft-bearing structure is larger than that neglecting the thermal-mechanical coupling effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-a-shows-that-pretightening-force-of-the-acbb-tends-2timqjqy.png Figure 20(a) shows that pretightening force of the ACBB tends to be stable after 50 min and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-there-are-23-shaft-segments-in-the-model-the-5th-shaft-24zk29x3.png Fig. 6. There are 23 shaft segments in the model. The 5th shaft segment is a disk element, and the 13th and 17th shaft segments represent the eccentric parts of the crank shaft. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-16-and-17-show-that-the-main-heat-of-mhspp-is-ow2xj8nj.png Figures 16 and 17 show that the main heat of MHSPP is generated due to the friction between the rolling elements and inner/outer raceways. The maximum temperature rise of the crankshaftbearing system is concentrated on the nodes near the rolling elements of bearing and the corresponding average temperature rise reaches 25 0C, while the average temperature rise of the remaining nodes is only 5 0C. Therefore, variable stiffness of bearing due to temperature rise will affect the position accuracy of the slider’s BDP for MHSPP. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-agent-negotiation-of-virtual-machine-migration-using-g5wvhh1g1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simulation-showing-the-load-on-15-physical-machines-1b4u0bnm.png Fig. 3. A simulation showing the load on 15 physical machines as they interact to balance a load of 50 virtual machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-state-diagram-of-the-first-migration-policy-318cazcw.png Fig. 1. The state diagram of the first migration policy: unbalanced peers interact to balance their loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-the-prototype-described-in-section-2gsdh17w.png Fig. 2. The architecture of the prototype described in section 4 https://scispace.com/papers/multi-camera-people-localization-and-height-estimation-using-5u5xrwp1ix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-cylinder-objects-are-used-to-model-persons-in-the-3-32dm1mrp.png Fig. 4. (a) Cylinder objects are used to model persons in the 3-D space. Their ground plane position and height will be estimated. (b) Intersection of cylinders in the 3-D space is used as geometrical constraint in the object model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-notations-and-areas-used-for-the-calculation-of-the-178rml8m.png Fig. 3. (a) Notations and areas used for the calculation of the f i0(p) and f iz(p) features. (b) Silhouette prints to P0 and Pz at a given z distance from a scenario with two people. Person 1’s height has been accurately found (h1 = z), however Person 2’s one is underestimated (z < h2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-q-fu-d0-d-function-359s8atv.png Fig. 5. Plot of the Q(fu, d0, D) function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-silhouettes-are-projected-on-the-ground-plane-blue-and-3bmelexe.png Fig. 1. Silhouettes are projected on the ground plane (blue) and on parallel planes (red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-features-are-based-on-the-2-d-image-formation-1xrcbiaf.png Fig. 2. Our features are based on the 2-D image formation properties and on the multi-plane projection representation. The ground plane projection of one silhouette is marked with blue, and the Pz plane projection for three different z values (z is the distance from the ground) with red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-result-of-the-foreground-background-separation-21l25x2o.png Fig. 6. Top: result of the foreground-background separation. Bottom: estimated ground position and height of each person represented by a line. The monitored area is represented by a red rectangle. https://scispace.com/papers/mulched-cover-crops-as-an-alternative-to-conventional-weed-2hcuacri4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-weed-cover-for-main-treatment-and-ftvf8rxe.png Table 3 Average weed cover (%) for main treatment and subtreatment effects in March (before mulching) and August (end of season) from 1992 to 1994 at Carneros and Dry Creek. Average weed cover in subtreatments from Dry Creek subplots sowed (+SC) and not sowed ()SC) with subclover. At each location within each column, percent weed cover sharing a common letter are not significantly different https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-canonical-correspondence-analysis-biplots-at-a-1nnt7bcq.png Fig. 2 Canonical correspondence analysis biplots at (A) Carneros in March, (B) Dry Creek in March, (C) Carneros in August and (D) Dry Creek in August. (E) Species numbers used in (A)–(D). Quantitative environmental variables (arrows) are mulch cover (mulch), time (year), species richness (richness), cumulative precipitation (rain) up to each assessment date for each year. Nominal environmental variables (j) are the main treatments (oat, vetch, o ⁄ v, resident, herbicide). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grape-berry-yield-t-ha-1-for-1991-through-1994-at-a-osm03xvt.png Fig. 3 Grape berry yield (t ha)1) for 1991 through 1994 at (A) Carneros (MSE = 2.155 45 d.f.) and (B) Dry Creek (MSE = 3.613, 45 d.f.). Vertical bars represent standard errors of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percent-cover-remaining-from-the-previous-season-1ijcfv50.png Table 1 Percent cover remaining from the previous season (persisting cover) in the vine row just prior to mulching in 1992, 1993 and 1994. The mulched biomass (g m)2) from vineyard middles applied to the vine rows (Biomass applied), and resulting percent cover in the vine row following mulching (Resulting cover) at the Carneros and Dry Creek sites in the mulched main treatments. SE of the mean in parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-weed-cover-wc-and-percent-of-photosynthetic-flux-ppf-l80wgfm2.png Fig. 1 Weed cover (WC) and percent of photosynthetic flux (PPF) at mulch surface taken at soil level as functions of mulch cover (MC). (A) Weed suppression at Carneros in 1993 (dashed line and grey symbols): WC = 82.3(20.1)–0.79(0.22)MC, r 2 = 0.83; in 1994 (solid line black symbols): WC = 95.4(7.0)exp–0.04(0.01)MC, r 2 = 0.81. (B) Weed suppression at Dry Creek in 1993 (dashed line, black symbols): WC = 99.5(25.4)–1.01(0.26)MC, r 2 = 0.79; in 1994 (solid line, black symbols): WC = 94.0(1.8)exp–0.032(0.002)MC, r 2 = 0.87. (C) Light attenuation at Carneros all years: PPF = 106.6(31.7)–1.08(0.39)MC, r 2 = 0.96. (D) Light attenuation at Dry Creek all years: PPF = 89.7(21.3)–0.88(0.23)MC, r 2 = 0.75. Data from 1992 (hollow symbols) were used as initial background levels in all regressions. Symbols with crosses were subplots sowed with subclover at Dry Creek. SE in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-economic-comparisons-between-cover-crop-systems-2v51oabd.png Table 4 Economic comparisons between cover crop systems relative to conventional herbicide ⁄ cultivation systems incorporating totals costs of production and revenues into net returns (profit, € ha)1) for Carneros and Dry Creek with subclover sowed (+SC) and without ()SC) for the years 1991 through 1994 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-weed-cover-at-carneros-and-dry-creek-over-3iwp6dfp.png Table 2 Average weed cover (%) at Carneros and Dry Creek over all assessment dates for the two way interactive effects of location by main treatment and location by year. Means within each location columns within the �Treatment� or �Year� section sharing a common letter are not significantly different. The treatment and year main effects are presented under �Mean� column https://scispace.com/papers/multi-compartment-analysis-of-the-complex-gradient-echo-4ibtdums8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-values-initial-and-range-used-in-non-2rkt9sfa.png Table 4 Parameter values (initial and range) used in non-linear least squares fitting. Choice of fitting boundaries was based on previous literature (Sati et al., 2013; Tendler and Bowtell, 2019; Thapaliya et al., 2017; Wharton and Bowtell, 2012, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-representation-of-the-three-pool-model-for-2pojno3k.png Fig. 3. a. Schematic representation of the three-pool model for describing mGRE signal evolution in WM fibres perpendicular to B0. The signal is modelled as a superposition of complex myelin, intra- and extra-axonal water signals. b. Schematic representation of the relationship between g-ratio and the frequency offset between myelin and axonal water pools. An increase in g-ratio will be reflected by a decrease in Δω. c. Schematic representation of the relationship between the myelin water fraction and the myelin fraction. Such relationship highlights the potential of fm as in vivo myelin marker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pca-of-the-cognitive-data-with-varimax-rotation-left-17vd3301.png Fig. 8. PCA of the cognitive data with varimax rotation. Left: PCA scree plot. Right: Plot summarising how each variable is accounted for in every principal component. The absolute correlation coefficient is plotted. Colour intensity and the size of the circles are proportional to the loading. Three components explaining over 77% of the data variability were extracted. PC1 loaded on n-back task performance and was therefore summarized as “executive function” component; PC2 was summarized as “visuo-spatial motor function” component; PC3 loaded on digit span task performance and was therefore summarized as “working memory” component. 7 control cases did not complete all tests and were therefore excluded from the PCA. The final sample size for the PCA was n = 19 for the HD group and n = 14 for the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-left-relationship-between-executive-function-scores-60t8ja3i.png Fig. 9. Left: Relationship between executive function scores and age, in patients and controls. A significant interaction effect between group and age was detected, suggesting that the group difference in executive function scores is larger at later ages. HD data points are coloured by DBS. Older HD patients tend to be closer to disease onset, possibly confounding the effect of age on this measure. Right: Relationship between fm executive function scores and DBS in patients, Bonferronicorrected. A significant positive correlation was found between fm and executive function scores. Colour intensity is proportional to the strength and direction of the correlation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cognitive-outcome-variables-employed-to-assess-n49hmji7.png Table 5 Cognitive outcome variables employed to assess patient-control differences in cognition. A short description of the task is provided, together with a list of outcome variables and cognitive domains assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reproducibility-of-myelin-water-signal-fraction-fm-33jaytl0.png Table 6 Reproducibility of myelin water signal fraction (fm), frequency offsets of axonal (ωa/2π) and myelin (ωm/2π) water pools, and difference in frequency offsets between myelin and axonal water pools (Δω/2π)). Means, standard deviation (SD) and coefficients of variation (CV) are reported for each value, across the different segments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-top-parcellation-of-segment-3-of-the-cc-overlaid-on-a-s26vnnre.png Fig. 7. Top: Parcellation of segment 3 of the CC overlaid on a magnitude image; the same protocol as the one detailed in the reproducibility study section was utilised. Left: Regression plot showing the relationship between age and fm, split by group. Both age and group were significant predictors of variance in fm. No significant interaction effect was detected. Right: Regression plot showing the relationship between age and Δω, split by group. Age was a significant predictor in the model, while group did not significantly predict variance in this metric. No significant interaction effect was detected. HD data points are coloured by CAG repeat size: older HD carriers presented shorter CAG repeat mutation and a trend for a greater overlap in fm with values of age-matched healthy controls, indicating that CAG repeat size may directly affect myelin content in premanifest HD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-reproducibility-data-from-one-representative-bwksilb7.png Fig. 4. Example reproducibility data from one representative subject. The top image shows the callosal parcellation overlaid on a magnitude image; the plots show frequency difference and magnitude of signal as function of TE for anterior/middle/posterior callosal segments; corresponding frequency difference and magnitude images at TE = 15 ms for five visits are shown at the bottom. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-feature-fusion-based-mechanical-fault-diagnosis-for-on-1cd5k7ysgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-stds-corresponding-to-different-values-of-e-for-9b6uvc7y.png Fig. 11: STDs corresponding to different values of η for different algorithms without mRMR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-means-corresponding-to-different-optimization-schemes-22vv0du0.png Fig. 12: Means corresponding to different optimization schemes, given η = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-means-corresponding-to-different-values-of-e-for-1shyxony.png Fig. 10: Means corresponding to different values of η for different algorithms without mRMR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-stds-corresponding-to-different-optimization-schemes-17ncgh8p.png Fig. 13: STDs corresponding to different optimization schemes, given η = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-means-corresponding-to-different-values-of-e-for-1nsfwhe3.png Fig. 8: Means corresponding to different values of η for different algorithms with mRMR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relation-between-e-and-cmpe-for-different-operational-ihsxfef4.png Fig. 7: Relation between η and CMPE for different operational states of OLTCs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-stds-corresponding-to-different-values-of-e-for-3pd08j9k.png Fig. 9: STDs corresponding to different values of η for different algorithms with mRMR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-minimum-ep-versus-the-number-of-iterations-2r8io56m.png Fig. 4: Minimum Ep versus the number of iterations. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-level-adaptive-networks-in-tandem-and-hybrid-asr-1sjthr1j4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-comparison-of-standard-and-mlan-dnn-systems-akabiuqd.png Fig. 1. A comparison of standard and MLAN DNN systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantities-of-in-domain-and-ood-training-data-vf3hmrpb.png Table 1. Quantities of in-domain and OOD training data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-comparison-of-tandem-systems-on-the-ted-lectures-11cg1cmg.png Table 4. A comparison of tandem systems on the TED lectures. Baseline and tandem systems are trained with SAT and MPE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wer-for-baseline-tandem-and-hybrid-systems-on-the-3dnvvhrt.png Table 2. WER (%) for baseline tandem and hybrid systems on the BBC test data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wer-for-tandem-and-hybrid-mlan-systems-on-the-bbc-3ofx8e23.png Table 3. WER (%) for tandem and hybrid MLAN systems on the BBC test data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-mlan-systems-on-the-tst2011-test-set-38fesre4.png Table 5. Results of MLAN systems on the tst2011 test set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-increasing-the-number-of-dnn-layers-for-yf3pv1md.png Fig. 2. The effect of increasing the number of DNN layers for the hybrid MLAN systems on TED lectures (systems without SAT) https://scispace.com/papers/multi-fidelity-modeling-and-optimization-of-biogas-plants-v4uuvl60gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-two-different-modeling-layers-1c1z6xp0.png Figure 1: Illustration of the two different modeling layers in the Twolayer surrogate model. Here, only the percentage of manure for a fixed amount of other substrates is assumed to vary. The discontinuity in the curve arises at exactly 30 percent manure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-these-plots-show-how-different-multi-fidelity-laee4i2w.png Figure 5: These plots show how different multi-fidelity methods, based on Kriging, perform in comparison to the coarse function and the single-fidelity Kriging model. Diff. Kriging models the differences between coarse and fine function. Input Kriging uses the coarse function values as an additional input variable. Smaller values for the SMSE are better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-this-plot-uses-the-same-data-as-fig-5-but-for-the-1lsw7na9.png Figure 6: This plot uses the same data as Fig. 5 but for the Differencebased multi-fidelity approach only. Smaller values for the SMSE are better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-this-plot-compares-how-choosing-a-different-model-2u1d3sa5.png Figure 7: This plot compares how choosing a different model type (QRNN instead of single-fidelity Kriging) would affect results. Smaller values for the SMSE are better. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-boxplot-of-5d-optimization-with-equal-runtime-37dgwqr1.png Figure 10: Boxplot of 5D optimization with equal runtime. Larger values are better. Results are based on 20 repeats of each optimization run. The upper plot shows results where the initial design (or starting guess) were created in a random fashion. For the lower plot, the initial guess (or at least one point in the initial design) was set to the optimum of the coarse objective-function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-optimal-solutions-found-11geblo0.png Table 2: Overall optimal solutions found. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-2d-optimization-larger-values-are-better-1s5og4ry.png Figure 8: Results of 2D optimization. Larger values are better. Results are based on 20 repeats of each optimization run. The upper plot shows results where the initial design (or starting guess) was created in a random fashion. For the lower plot, the initial guess (or at least one point in the initial design) was set to the optimum of the coarse objective function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-boxplot-of-5d-optimization-with-equal-number-of-2eljz12k.png Figure 9: Boxplot of 5D optimization with equal number of fine objective function evaluations. Larger values are better. Results are based on 20 repeats of each optimization run. The upper plot shows results where the initial design (or starting guess) was created in a random fashion. For the lower plot, the initial guess (or at least one point in the initial design) was set to the optimum of the coarse objective function. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-level-checkpointing-and-silent-error-detection-for-317igxi74r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-placing-memory-checkpoints-with-guaranteed-2rtnpu9p.png Figure 2: Placing memory checkpoints (with guaranteed verifications): m2 is fixed, and we try all possible locations for m1. Note that all subproblems Emem(m1), with 0 ≤ m1 < m2, have already been computed, while Everif (m1,m2) is computed by yet another dynamic programming level to be described later (see Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-set-of-parameters-b-used-as-input-for-simulations-p9zxujso.png Table 2: Set of parameters (B) used as input for simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-obtained-by-using-the-optimal-solution-2akacpue.png Figure 11: Performance obtained by using the optimal solution to the Multilevel-Silent problem for settings (B), using the AV ∗ algorithm (a) and the AMV algorithm (b), under the Uniform pattern with total work W = 3600s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-performance-obtained-by-using-the-optimal-solution-1ei5evsv.png Figure 12: Performance obtained by using the optimal solution to the Multilevel-Silent problem for settings (B), using the AV ∗ algorithm (a) and the AMV algorithm (b), under the Uniform pattern with total work W = 25000s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-the-three-algorithms-on-each-uj9q0mpn.png Figure 7: Performance of the three algorithms on each platform with the Uniform pattern. Each row corresponds to one platform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-placing-guaranteed-verifications-m1-and-v2-are-1ajy06u6.png Figure 3: Placing guaranteed verifications: m1 and v2 are fixed, and we try all possible locations for an additional guaranteed verification at v1 between Tm1 and Tv2 . Note that all subproblems Everif (m1, v1), with m1 ≤ v1 < v2, have already been computed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-placing-partial-verifications-m1-v1-p1-and-v2-are-2dchuobs.png Figure 4: Placing partial verifications: m1, v1, p1 and v2 are fixed, and we try all possible locations for p2. Here, both Everif (m1, v1) and Eright(m1, v1, p2, v2), with v1 < p2 ≤ v2, have already been computed, which makes it possible to compute Ecomp(m1, v1, p1, p2, v2), and then Epartial(m1, v1, p1, v2). Note that we do not need Eleft(v1, p1) (see Section 2.4 and Lemma 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-placing-checkpoints-at-level-k-1-ck-and-ck-1-are-2smkw6p5.png Figure 6: Placing checkpoints at level k−1: ck and ck−1 are fixed, and we try possible locations i for an additional checkpoint between Tck and Tck−1 . Again, all subproblems E (k−1) https://scispace.com/papers/multi-objective-evolutionary-algorithm-for-solving-energy-tk00638f5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decoding-procedure-hrec-to-generate-a-schedule-from-a-26f7wdvp.png Fig. 2: Decoding procedure HREC to generate a schedule from a chromosome https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eaf-plots-comparing-nsga-ii-using-hrec-and-sa-on-3nuak7ou.png Fig. 4: EAF plots comparing NSGA-II using HREC and SA on instance FTF10 (MO-SA - MO-HREC on the left and MO-HREC - MO-SA on the right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eaf-plots-comparing-nsga-ii-using-hrec-and-sa-on-3fmw75n5.png Fig. 5: EAF plots comparing NSGA-II using HREC and SA on instance FTF20 (MO-SA - MO-HREC on the left and MO-HREC - MO-SA on the right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-in-terms-of-hv-and-the-i-values-between-3g0amxxl.png Table 1: Comparison, in terms of HV and the I + values, between MO-SA and MO-HREC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-eaf-plots-comparing-nsga-ii-using-hrec-and-sa-on-1bpb3oj7.png Fig. 3: EAF plots comparing NSGA-II using HREC and SA on instance FTF06 (MO-SA - MO-HREC on the left and MO-HREC - MO-SA on the right). https://scispace.com/papers/multi-scale-immune-selection-and-the-transmission-diversity-3a1sv5wt6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-model-parameters-37ahzchm.png Table 1: Main model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-antigenic-diversity-and-malaria-prevalence-as-a-3252jeb7.png Figure 3: Antigenic diversity and malaria prevalence as a function of immune selection pressure. Cross-immunity determines the degree of inhibition that each antigenic variant elicits against antigenically similar variants, such that higher levels of cross-immunity increases the selection pressure on the parasite population, which in turn limits the number of variants that can be maintained in a population (a) and thus decreases the overall level of malaria prevalence (b). Each point is the average equilibrium level based on 10 model runs. Parameters values: M = 10000, H = 10000, Amax = 50000, Ainit = 3000, Sinit = 50, b = 0.12, pc = 0.002, ps = 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diversity-as-an-emergent-property-of-infection-and-1ztzqxfx.png Figure 2: Diversity as an emergent property of infection and transmission. (a) Allowing for recombination to create new antigenic variants and antigenic repertoires significantly increases the level of diversity amongst the parasite population, here defined as the % of the assumed maximum level of diversity. (b) As diversity increases, host susceptibility increases as parasites carrying novel variants find it easier to re-infect individuals with prior immunity. (c) Increasing diversity and hosts susceptibility leads to higher malaria incidence and population-level prevalence. (d) Increasing the number of infected hosts increases the overall transmission intensity (EIR) even without changes to the biting rate. Different lines denote different rates of recombination (ρ), showing how higher rates of diversity generation relate positively with parasite prevalence and disease transmission. Parameters values: M = 10000, H = 10000, Amax = 50000, Ainit = 3000, Sinit = 50, b = 0.12, ps = 0.01, γ = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-transmission-potential-15jy6vf1.png Figure 1: Relationship between transmission potential, antigenic diversity and malaria prevalence. (a) Simulated timeseries showing how malaria prevalence, defined as the proportion of the population infected by the parasite, converges towards an endemic equilibrium determined by the daily biting rate and antigenic diversity. (b) Diversity, here measured as the proportion of initially circulating antigenic variants that are maintained in a population, is positively correlated with the size of the host population (assuming equal M:H ratios), which also affects the equilibrium levels of malaria prevalence. (c) Equilibrium levels of malaria prevalence as a function of the transmission potential (biting rate) under different levels of antigenic diversity. In all cases, prevalence plateaus and does not increase further with increasing biting rates; we refer to this regime as transmission saturated. (d) Equilibrium levels of malaria prevalence as a function of diversity under different levels of transmission, showing a plateauing behaviour where prevalence does not increase any further with increasing levels of diversity; we refer to this regime as diversity saturated. Results for (b)-(d) based on 10 model runs, with error bars indicating the standard errors around the mean. Parameter values, unless stated otherwise: H = 10000, M = 10000, b = 0.12, Sinit = 50, Ainit = 3000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-antigenic-diversity-and-malaria-prevalence-in-30waiezq.png Figure 4: Antigenic diversity and malaria prevalence in response to changes in transmission. As antigenic diversity and parasite prevalence are linked via a dynamic feedback loop, our model predicts a temporal lag in the response to both increases (a and b) and decreases (c and d) in transmission rates (mosquito biting rate, black dashed lines). The periods over which the biting rate was changed is highlighted in grey. The system also exhibits a degree of inertia, with changes in diversity and prevalence taking place many years after the biting rate has settle onto a new value. The different rates at which the system responds to changes in the transmission rate can results in different levels of diversity (e) and prevalence (f), depending on whether there has been a reduction (red lines) or increase (blue lines) in transmission, at least when monitored over the period where the change is taking place. Results are shown for 100 model runs, with the bold lines showing the average levels. Parameter values: M = 8000, H = 8000, pc = 0.001, ps = 0.01, Ainit = 2400, Sinit = 40, Amax = 50000. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-period-multi-echelon-inventory-transportation-problem-4tqspj40dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-associated-with-all-the-scenarios-3dtmmxwh.png Table 4: Results associated with all the scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solution-of-problem-instance-1-3t-2p-4m-5d-6w-8r-2kqobnsk.png Figure 2: Solution of problem instance 1 (3T-2P-4M-5D-6W-8R-12C). (a) Aggregate values of flow variables from manufacturer to customer and (b) Aggregate values of inventory available at distributors, wholesalers and retailers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-supply-chain-structure-of-considered-problem-1ib3mv94.png Fig. 1 Supply chain structure of considered problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solution-of-problem-instance-7-6t-5p-21m-24d-28w-2v85ts4t.png Figure 3: Solution of problem instance 7 (6T-5P-21M-24D-28W-32R-35C). (3a) Aggregate values of flow variables from manufacturers to wholesalers and (3b) Aggregate values of flow variables from wholesalers to customers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transportation-links-between-different-echelons-1awq288c.png Figure 4: Transportation links between different echelons https://scispace.com/papers/multi-scale-interaction-potentials-f-r-for-describing-lzyiqrrlfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-four-stages-of-failure-of-the-ligament-between-two-2cr9hyeq.png Fig. 4 Four stages of failure of the ligament between two overlapping crack tips, after Van Mier (1991b). The final cracking involves flexural cracking in the final ligament (c) as well as chip formation (d). Note the abundant microcracking in the neighbourhood of the main crack in stages (a) and (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-crack-bridging-in-pure-cement-paste-at-the-micro-scale-38g9po1j.png Fig. 9 Crack bridging in pure cement paste at the micro-scale. Bridges appear as white spots in this image of an internal crack surface in partly hydrated Portland cement at the micro-scale, after Trtik et al (2005b). Cracks appear to grow through hydrates, but also through un-hydrated material and along the interface between these two phases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-computer-generated-material-structure-3szv61bc.png Fig. 2 Examples of computer generated material structure intended to mimic the structure of concrete at the meso-level: (a) Burt and Dougill (1977), (b) Vonk et al. (1991) and (c) Schlangen and Van Mier (1992) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-particle-density-on-fracture-of-concrete-3g85ftn4.png Fig. 3 Effect of particle density on fracture of concrete under uniaxial tension: results from numerical lattice simulations, after Prado andVanMier (2003). In (a) the load–displacement diagram and the fracture patterns at peak-load and at 25μm displacement are shown for aggregate density Pk = 35%, in (b) for an aggregate density of 51%, and in (c) for Pk = 83% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shrinkage-of-concrete-a-structural-effect-moisture-1colfvlh.png Fig. 5 Shrinkage of concrete: (a) structural effect: moisture loss leads to deformation gradients due to shrinkage; since a gradient is present cracking is limited to the surface of the concrete structures (after Van Mier 2004); (b) drying shrinkage crack in hardened cement paste perpendicular to the drying surface showing branching; and (c) shrinkage cracking due to aggregate restraint, which caused cracks to radiate out from glass spheres that were used as aggregates (after Shiotani et al. 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-aggregate-size-on-drying-shrinkage-cracking-1y9gv02x.png Fig. 6 Effect of aggregate size on drying shrinkage cracking in cement-based materials, after Bisschop (2002). Three cases are shown, for cement paste containing 35% (vol. %) mono-sized glass spheres of diameter da = 1mm (a) 4mm (b) and 6mm (c) at two stages of moisture loss, viz. 10% of the original water content (top row) and 30% (bottom row). For aggregates smaller than 1mm no aggregate restraint occurs, and the result is similar to da = 1mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-regular-packing-of-mono-sized-spheres-a-and-hexagonal-1dp08rf4.png Fig. 12 Regular packing of mono-sized spheres (a) and hexagonal close-packing (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-micro-mechanical-analysis-of-a-material-specimen-at-a-24tt8qb6.png Fig. 18 Micro-mechanical analysis of a material specimen at a certain length scale L is used for determining the twosphere F − r interaction potential at the same size/scale https://scispace.com/papers/multi-scale-phase-based-local-features-46zdo69tdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-all-image-deformations-with-a-false-positive-rate-1v66y07i.png Figure 3: All image deformations with a false positive rate fixed at 0.01 and computing the detection rate for varying amount of change. Here, the phase-based, differential invariant and SIFT features are represented by the solid, dotted and dashed lines, respectively. The vertical axis represents detection rate and the horizontal axis shows the amount of variation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-left-image-user-selected-baking-soda-box-model-2slyfoor.png Figure 6: Top left image: user selected “baking soda box” model. Sequence: searching the model over a series of cluttered images containing the model at different poses and partially occluded. The light points inside the distorted rectangles represent the interest points used for the best similarity match. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-the-scale-robust-interest-point-1nzotk9e.png Figure 1: Comparison between the scale robust interest point detector described above (solid line), and the interest point detectors Harris-Laplacian (dotted curve) and difference-of-Gaussian (dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-configuration-of-local-descriptor-for-1dsmxxnl.png Figure 2: Configuration of local descriptor for . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-left-image-segment-of-the-image-selected-by-the-dnmxia2d.png Figure 4: Top left image: segment of the image selected by the user to define the “boy’s left eye” model. Other images: recognizing the model over a sequence of 100 images (only 5 are shown). The light points inside the distorted rectangles represent the interest points used for the best similarity match. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-left-image-segment-of-the-image-selected-by-the-3ctyfopi.png Figure 5: Top left image: segment of the image selected by the user to define the “tetley box” model. Remaining images: the light points inside the rectangles represent the interest points used for the best similarity match. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-task-multi-sample-learning-2oa8f2iahy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-models-of-joint-regularization-can-be-3jg6s2v8.png Fig. 3. Different models of joint regularization can be explored via regularization graphs. Each node represents a sample specific classifier and the links represent the weights of the joint regularization terms ||wi − wj ||2 ∀i, j This paper particularly explores a type of fully connected regularization displayed in (a) with different levels of uniform weights on the edges which can be thought as springs. As the weight of edges increase classifiers are all forced to be as close as possible which in the limit reaches to a single class SVM, or if the weights become looser the classifiers become independent and in the limit reaches to the ensemble of exemplar svms displayed in (d). However, in between these two ends there are many other structural choices of the regularization graph to be explored as displayed in (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-multi-class-classification-accuracy-comparison-igcevus7.png Table 2. The multi-class classification accuracy comparison of methods on Animal dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-the-hyperparameter-b-in-msl-on-the-3tg53b30.png Fig. 2. The effect of the hyperparameter β in MSL on the Animal dataset. Note the increase in performance before reaching to the single class SVM limit (i.e. β = 1e+ 2). See caption of figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-precision-results-on-side-facing-category-20fkwg1r.png Table 3. Average Precision results on side-facing category detection experiments. Evaluations are perfomed on all positive (side-facing) instances of the particular class and 20K negative instances extracted from PASCAL VOC 2007 test set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-multi-class-classification-accuracy-comparison-31llrgh1.png Table 1. The multi-class classification accuracy comparison of methods on MNIST dataset. Note that MSL with 100 positive samples per class (MNIST-100) performs as well as SVM with 1000 positive samples per class (MNIST-1K). Note, the first row shows the individual task learning results from [16], and the MTL result in the first row is the learned grouping MTL of [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effect-of-the-hyperparameter-b-in-msl-on-the-mnist-223ubwns.png Fig. 1. The effect of the hyperparameter β in MSL on the MNIST dataset. The hyperparameter λ is fixed and the performance on both validation and test sets are shown. The multi-class classification accuracy as a function of the hyperparameter β is displayed. With a large enough β, the MSL gives the same result as the single class SVM. Moving towards the single class SVM (from left to right) the performance increases and then decreases back. Thus for an optimum β MSL outperforms both ensemble of E-SVMs and single class SVM. https://scispace.com/papers/multiband-evanescent-waveguide-antenna-1czlh3gwk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-slot-dimensions-in-mm-y093gq7w.png Table 1. Slot dimensions in mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-simulated-and-measured-radiation-1yx54bes.png Fig. 3 Comparison of simulated and measured radiation patterns https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-return-loss-jf5pkojh.png Fig. 2 Return loss https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiband-ewga-a-schematic-vbl69j5j.png Fig. 1 Multiband EWGA: a schematic https://scispace.com/papers/multicenter-validation-of-a-sepsis-prediction-algorithm-3yiavombrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-metrics-for-three-sepsis-gold-standards-2nt2kt22.png Table 2 Performance metrics for three sepsis gold standards at the time of onset (0 hour), with sensitivities fixed at or near 0.80 in the first instance and specificities fixed at or near 0.80 in the second instance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-algorithm-performance-for-severe-sepsis-detection-at-225mxyja.png Table 3 Algorithm performance for severe sepsis detection at the time of onset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-learning-curves-mean-auroc-on-the-ucsf-target-1ho7a248.png Figure 4 Learning curves (mean AUROC on the UCSF target dataset) with increasing number of target training examples. Error bars represent the Standard Deviation. When data availability of the target set is low, target-only training exhibits lower AUROC values and high variability. AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic; UCSF, University of California, San Francisco. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patient-inclusion-flow-diagram-for-the-ucsf-dataset-yvw8om1s.png Figure 1 Patient inclusion flow diagram for the UCSF dataset. UCSF, University of California, San Francisco. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-for-ucsf-2kykfn3x.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics for UCSF patient population analysed (n=90 353) and MIMIC-III patient population analysed (n=21 604) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-roc-curves-for-insight-and-common-scoring-systems-2rhgtnqb.png Figure 2 ROC curves for InSight and common scoring systems at the time of (A) sepsis onset, (B) severe sepsis onset and (C) 4 hours before septic shock onset. MEWS, Modified Early Warning Score; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-wavelength-observations-of-the-binary-system-psr-b1259-jfqx8634te 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-suzaku-xis-blue-crosses-and-pin-spectra-green-ud4nyz21.png Figure 2. Suzaku XIS (blue crosses) and PIN spectra (green crosses) for S9 (left), S10 (middle) and S11 (rights) observations of 2010. The PIN spectrum after background subtraction is decomposed into two components through joint fitting: PSR B1259−63 power-law model (dashed line), and 2RXP J1301 cutoff power-law model (dash–dotted line). 2RXP J130159.6−635806 was in the FOV only during S10 observation (red crosses). For the reconstruction of PSR B1259−63 PIN spectrum for S9 and S11 observations we have used simultaneous XMM–Newton data (red crosses on the left and right pictures). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-broad-band-spectrum-of-the-source-for-the-flaring-1rzo6hkv.png Figure 8. Broad-band spectrum of the source for the flaring state (black data points) and for the period of periastron passage excluding the GeV flare (blue data points) superimposed on two model spectra from Abdo et al. (2011) for the synchrotron (solid lines) and inverse Compton (dashed and dotted lines) emission during the GeV flare (grey) and during the rest of the periastron passage (light blue) periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spectra-of-nustar-nst2-black-and-red-and-nst3-green-6898mitr.png Figure 7. Spectra of NuSTAR NST2 (black and red) and NST3 (green and blue) observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-journal-of-saao-1-9-m-telescope-2014-observations-of-2qmhm05l.png Table 1. Journal of SAAO 1.9-m telescope 2014 observations of the source PSR B1259−63 around the time of GeV flare. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-spectral-parameters-for-2014-observations-of-psr-x3g488qp.png Table 7. Spectral parameters for 2014 observations of PSR B1259−63. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-journal-of-salt-telescope-2014-observations-17l5ia32.png Table 2. Journal of SALT telescope 2014 observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-false-alarm-probability-of-the-variability-in-1vf60hc6.png Figure 6. Left: false alarm probability of the variability in the PSR B1259−63 light curve from the Swift data (see text for details). The 1,3 and 5 σ confidence levels are plotted with the dot–dashed, dashed and solid black lines correspondingly. Right: the light curve of PSR B1259−63 over the 2014 observational period in the 1–10 keV band, shown together with its averaged version. The averaged light curve is produced with τ = 4 d, which corresponds to the minimal scale, where the false alarm probability crosses the 3σ significance limit. https://scispace.com/papers/multichannel-staggered-sar-system-concepts-with-reflector-a3nr3axhmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-swath-geometry-a-lppo91ob.png Fig. 1: Schematic representation of swath geometry. (a) Transmitted pulse and the echo of an arbitrary swath of interest. (b) Timing for the transmission of a train of pulses with a PRF which is too high to yield unambiguous imaging of the whole swath, though suitable for the support of a fine azimuth resolution. Blind ranges and range ambiguities are seen to arise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-key-performance-parameters-over-swath-for-single-pol-3tt4vqaw.png Fig. 4: Key performance parameters over swath for single-pol high-resolution mode of reflector system: (a) AASR, (b) RASR with (red) and without (blue) the contribution of nadir returns, (c) NESZ, (d) azimuth resolution and (e) NRSR both with respect to NESZ (noise floor) and average , below -30 dB in this case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-single-pol-simulation-scenario-parameters-2jmf3mkz.png TABLE I SINGLE-POL SIMULATION SCENARIO PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-analysis-of-noise-scaling-properties-of-reconstruction-25cajszv.png Fig. 9: Analysis of noise scaling properties of reconstruction. (a) Block diagram for the performed analysis, indicating the addition of synthetic white noise before the reconstruction to compare the scaling of the two set of weights, leading to two reconstructed images. The reference formed by summing the channels in the irregular grid is provided as a visual aid for the profiles to be shown. (b) Profile of the calibration corner after reconstruction for the low SNR emphasis set of weights ( = 0.1, corresponding to the first reconstructed image) plotted against instantaneous Doppler, resembling the sum pattern. (c) Profile of the calibration corner after reconstruction for the higher SNR emphasis set of weights ( = 0.5, corresponding to the second reconstructed image). (d) First reconstructed image, before azimuth compression, including an indication of the “noise-only” area used for variance estimation to access noise levels (black dashed line box). (e) Second reconstructed image, also before azimuth compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-geometry-of-a-general-element-uniform-linear-array-of-2laq8tlk.png Fig. 17: Geometry of a general -element uniform linear array of inter-element spacing and total distance between outermost elements = ( − 1) ⋅ . The goal is to obtain a phase center in the intermediate position = ⋅ , 0 ≤ ≤ 1 within the array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-hrws-geometry-and-imaging-1yvi31bq.png Fig. 2: Schematic representation of HRWS geometry and imaging modes. (a) System with constant PRI – and thus prone to blind ranges – but multiple elevation beams, which resolves the range ambiguities. (b) Staggered SAR system, in which the different PRIs cause the transmission-induced blockage to affect different ranges for each pulse without overlap in azimuth; a posterior interpolation and recovery allows a gapless acquisition over the swath. (c) Multichannel system in azimuth with a constant PRI. The Tx pulses are shown over the slow time axis for comparison with the previous figures, and the phase center position of the transmitted and received pulses are represented by arrows and triangles, respectively, illustrating the sampling across the aperture. Use of multiple channels allows forming a regular grid with a gain in the sampling rate corresponding to the number of channels, thus enabling adequate sampling in spite of a lower PRF. Blind ranges however (dark lines on ground) occur. (d) Use of multiple channels with PRI staggering and the consequent formation of a non-uniform grid for the received pulses, whereas avoiding blind ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-demonstrator-system-and-experiment-parameters-342akrk0.png TABLE II DEMONSTRATOR SYSTEM AND EXPERIMENT PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-experimental-setup-a-schematic-1nmjp6ov.png Fig. 5: Illustration of experimental setup. (a) Schematic representation of the experiment. The radar system is mounted atop a mast of 6.34 m height on a rail car, which also carries the radar’s electronics. The system has 8 channels in azimuth that illuminate different Doppler regions. The scene consists basically of a calibration corner on the sandbox – a target which is present for antenna pattern determination – and an additional target area. (b) Close-up of the rail car and the radar system. (c) The calibration corner mounted at the edge of the sandbox. (d) Rx reflector antenna and its feed. (e) Close-up of the feed, which consists of 8 horn antennas of 4.4 cm. (f) Additional target area with a formation of 4 corner reflectors and a metal wire fence. https://scispace.com/papers/multiclass-feature-selection-with-kernel-gram-matrix-based-22ii8hofd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-compared-cpu-time-over-d-normalized-by-the-lowest-2pukuubg.png TABLE IX COMPARED CPU-TIME OVER D (NORMALIZED BY THE LOWEST TIME). https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-compared-cpu-time-over-n-normalized-by-the-lowest-2ew5j83r.png TABLE VIII COMPARED CPU-TIME OVER N (NORMALIZED BY THE LOWEST TIME). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-performances-on-a-linearly-separable-cshkai4a.png Fig. 1. Comparison of performances on a linearly separable problem (a, upper) involving redundant features and a non-linearly separable problem (b, lower). Both contain many irrelevant noisy features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-compared-characteristics-of-the-data-sets-355ltdac.png TABLE I COMPARED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DATA SETS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compared-performances-on-the-spambase-dataset-with-a-2w1warjd.png Fig. 2. Compared performances on the Spambase dataset, with a linear (upper figure) and a Gaussian RBF (lower figure) kernel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-compared-error-rates-with-wang-8-on-binarized-usps-37k0rskw.png TABLE V COMPARED ERROR RATES WITH WANG [8] ON BINARIZED USPS DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-compared-accuracies-with-gmkl-23-and-bahsic-26-11ff1i7e.png TABLE VI COMPARED ACCURACIES WITH GMKL [23] AND BAHSIC [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-compared-error-rates-with-neumann-et-al-28ze7h3l.png TABLE IV COMPARED ERROR RATES WITH NEUMANN ET AL. https://scispace.com/papers/multicriteria-energy-efficient-source-code-compilation-for-215smzegz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-benchmark-evaluation-for-speedup-a-and-energy-dgdmwbxo.png Figure 5.2. Benchmark evaluation for speedup (a) and energy saving (b) after transformations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-application-transformation-layers-and-monitors-32gr6w6t.png Figure 1.1. Application transformation layers and monitors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-a-f-sensitivity-of-architectural-features-to-1ibmh68g.png Figure 5.1. (a-f) Sensitivity of architectural features to benchmark codes https://scispace.com/papers/multidisciplinary-considerations-in-the-design-of-wings-and-3jnxp181ht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-wing-ppjxbcoi.png Table 1. Baseline wing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-for-baseline-wing-and-tip-extension-used-12bysvw2.png Figure 1. Geometry for baseline wing and tip extension used in Whitcomb study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optimized-wing-and-tip-geometries-26kij9xo.png Figure 7. Optimized wing and tip geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-optimized-wing-for-tailless-aircraft-wing-with-143q8mj4.png Figure 10. Optimized wing for tailless aircraft (wing with winglet) with negative pitching moment about the aerodynamic center constraint (C m ac = 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-optimized-wing-for-tailless-aircraft-wing-with-2sio48v7.png Figure 9. Optimized wing for tailless aircraft (wing with winglet) with zero pitching moment about the aerodynamic center constraint (C m ac = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometry-for-winglet-used-in-whitcomb-study-3q8dfwxd.png Figure 2. Geometry for winglet used in Whitcomb study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reference-wing-geometry-used-in-this-and-subsequent-fcvyxt51.png Figure 6. Reference wing geometry used in this and subsequent cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimized-wing-for-tailless-aircraft-c-wing-with-2lc3tgd0.png Figure 8. Optimized wing for tailless aircraft (C-wing) with positive pitching moment about the aerodynamic center constraint (C m ac = +0.1). https://scispace.com/papers/multifocal-a-strategic-bidirectional-transformation-language-3526v4meuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rules-for-normalization-of-xml-schema-representations-3p9tk4yd.png Fig. 8: Rules for normalization of XML Schema representations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-view-of-the-company-schema-3g7x8yv7.png Fig. 10: A view of the company schema. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-company-hierarchized-payroll-xml-schema-inspired-in-2jm6igh5.png Fig. 9: A company hierarchized payroll XML schema inspired in [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xml-schema-top-level-elements-modeling-specific-type-ium9bwft.png Fig. 4: XML Schema top-level elements modeling specific type patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-architecture-of-the-multifocal-framework-2cjik0qc.png Fig. 5: Architecture of the Multifocal framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-a-movie-database-schema-inspired-by-1xaczggq.png Fig. 1: Representation of a movie database schema inspired by IMDb (http: //www.imdb.com). Grey boxes denote elements and white ones model attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-point-free-lens-combinators-ltny50t5.png Fig. 6: Point-free lens combinators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-benchmark-results-for-the-imdb-example-290zwzjj.png Fig. 11: Benchmark results for the IMDb example. https://scispace.com/papers/multiferroic-tunnel-junctions-with-poly-vinylidene-fluoride-2keb0pa175 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-atomic-structure-of-co-pvdf-o-co-0001-yr9w9d8p.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Atomic structure of Co/PVDF/O/Co (0001) MFTJs with three monolayers of PVDF. The right interface contains a monolayer of oxygen. Ferroelectric polarization is pointing to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-atomic-structure-of-clean-and-oxidized-co-1yfwtgwq.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Atomic structure of clean and oxidized Co surface. O atoms (red/dark gray) are in either the hcp- or fcc-hollow sites. Blue (medium gray) Co atoms (CoI) are at the surface and light blue (light gray) Co atoms (CoII) are at the layer immediately below the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-comparison-of-the-density-of-states-dos-azu9cpsv.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Comparison of the density of states (DOS) at the interface of the Co/PVDF/O/Co MFTJ for the hcp- and fccadsorption sites. Induced DOS on (a) H and (b) F atoms at the oxidized interface; and (c) DOS on the O atom at the interface. Red/dark gray (blue/medium gray) lines show results for O in hcp (fcc) sites. Solid (dashed-dotted) lines indicate polarization pointing left (right). Induced DOS on H and F atoms is multiplied by 103. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-spin-polarized-local-density-of-states-2ukxzeko.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Spin-polarized local density of states (DOS) at the interfaces of Co/PVDF/O/Co MFTJ. Local DOS for (a) Co at clean (left) interface and (e) Co at oxidized (right) interface. Local DOS on (b) H and (c) F atoms adjacent to the interface, and on (d) O atoms. Top (bottom) panels show majority (minority)-spin DOS. Blue (medium gray) dashed and red (dark gray) solid lines correspond to polarization to the left and right, respectively. DOS on H and F are multiplied by 103 and plotted on a different scale (red/dark gray on the left axis and blue/medium gray on the right axis). https://scispace.com/papers/multifunctional-gold-nanocarriers-for-cancer-theranostics-yn2n7mqv5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-latest-aunp-based-biosensors-used-in-2gif14qh.png Table 1. Summary of the latest AuNP-based biosensors used in cancer diagnostics according to the type of NP, surface modification, type of cancer and explored methodology principle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-aunps-used-in-cancer-therapy-according-to-3gxxcjwk.png Table 2. Summary of AuNPs used in cancer therapy according to the type of NP, surface modification, type of cancer, target cells/organs/organisms and explored methodology principle. https://scispace.com/papers/multifunctional-properties-of-monodisperse-end-tlqs0qfrs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plots-of-homo-and-lumo-energy-levels-calculated-by-pm3-31pjqgcm.png Fig. 3 Plots of HOMO and LUMO energy levels calculated by PM3 semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations against 4,4′-disubstituted 3-phenyl-ring OPVs. The energy gaps shown were corrected by solvent interaction (from ref. [1]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-plots-of-go-0-calculated-by-the-finite-field-method-1bkkapqn.png Fig. 4 (a) Plots of γω=0 calculated by the finite field method (FF) and the time-dependent coupled perturbed Hartee–Fock method (TDCPHF) of OPV(n)-H, OPV(n)-OR, and OPV(n)-ORSO against the phenylenevinylene unit, n. (b) Plots of Z-scan determined |γ| in THF and chloroform against the phenylenevinylene unit, n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-current-voltage-characteristics-of-opv-1-orno-based-24fiara6.png Fig. 7 (a) Current-voltage characteristics of OPV(1)-ORNO-based photovoltaic cell. (b) Photocurrent densityexcitation wavelength characteristics of the OPV(n)-ORNO-based photovoltaic devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-and-side-views-of-the-pm3-optimized-geometry-of-18v4vcva.png Fig. 1 Top and side views of the PM3-optimized geometry of the 7-phenyl-ring OPV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-a-typical-oled-structure-fabricated-and-the-1trqaytj.png Fig. 5 (a) A typical OLED structure fabricated and the molecular structures involved in this study. (b) EL efficiency of OPV(1)-OR-based OLEDs and OPV(1)-ORSO-based OLEDs with structure of ITO/TPD/LiF or PDB/Al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-fluorescence-response-of-opv-1-sr-based-membrane-ex72zz4w.png Fig. 6 (a) Fluorescence response of OPV(1)-SR-based membrane optode sensor toward various concentration of Ag+ ion. (b) Fluorescence response of OPV(2)-SR-based membrane optode sensor toward various concentration of Ag+ ion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plots-of-pm3-calculated-energy-gap-of-unsubstituted-1zkpl5qu.png Fig. 2 (a) Plots of PM3 calculated energy gap of unsubstituted OPVs [OPV(n)] and 4,4′-dimethoxy-substituted OPVs [OPV(n)-Ome] against number of phenylene-vinylene units, n. (b) Plots of absorption maxima of OPV(n)-OR, OPV(n)-ORSO and OPV(n)-t-Bu(m) (from ref. [22]) against number of phenylenevinylene units, n. https://scispace.com/papers/multilayered-ruthenium-modified-bond-coats-for-thermal-50idqwrgfv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-low-activity-ru-modified-coating-a-after-15-cycles-25ysd71j.png Figure 8: Low activity Ru-modified coating a) after 15 cycles of oxidation; b) after 30 cycles; c) after 60 cycles; d) after 120 cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tem-bright-field-image-and-corresponding-2x4bwgtl.png Figure 7: TEM bright field image and corresponding diffraction patterns of the asaluminized low activity coating: a) from the Nirich region; b) from the Ru-rich region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plan-view-se-images-of-high-activity-aluminide-xcl6eph2.png Figure 11: Plan-view SE images of high activity aluminide coating surfaces a) after 15 cycles of oxidation; b) after 30 cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cross-sectional-bse-image-and-empa-profiles-of-the-3i0du6se.png Figure 10: Cross-sectional BSE image and EMPA profiles of the high activity aluminide coating a) recovery heat treatment (RHT); b) after 15 cycles of oxidation; c) after 30 cycles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plan-view-se-images-of-cvd-low-activity-aluminide-jmaexic6.png Figure 9: Plan-view SE images of CVD low activity aluminide coating surfaces a) after 15 cycles of oxidation; b) after 30 cycles; c) after 60 cycles; d) after 120 cycles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cmsx-4-superalloy-composition-2jdwjowt.png Table 1: CMSX-4 Superalloy Composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cmsx-4-superalloy-impurities-and-test-method-2qkizk4u.png Table 2: CMSX-4 Superalloy Impurities and Test Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lattice-parameters-a-of-ru-modified-low-activity-2ccn7wlh.png Table 3: Lattice Parameters (Å) of Ru-modified Low Activity Bond Coating with High Temperature Cyclic Oxidation Exposure https://scispace.com/papers/multilevel-latent-class-modeling-to-segment-the-microfinance-53xcl0zc3y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-transition-probabilities-vnx7wxl0.png Table 7 - Transition probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-used-for-the-26jsycli.png Table 1 – Descriptive statistics of the variables used for the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-transitions-between-segments-absolute-values-and-1ejasyaq.png Table 8 – Transitions between segments – absolute values and percentages https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-size-of-latent-states-3rkilx5k.png Table 5 – Size of latent states https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measures-of-model-fit-206x9qdb.png Table 4 – Measures of model fit https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-illustrates-the-profiles-of-the-five-latent-states-3bj57hos.png Table 6 illustrates the profiles of the five latent states in terms of the means (for https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crediamigo-products-2bpiqn8w.png Table 3 - CrediAmigo products https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-profiles-of-the-latent-states-5-clusters-solution-t2kf6ibf.png Table 6 illustrates the profiles of the five latent states in terms of the means (for https://scispace.com/papers/multilayered-drug-delivery-coatings-composed-of-daidzein-1qjdyjiorj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-weight-loss-and-water-contact-angles-of-the-ndpwq6p8.png Fig. 5 Weight loss and water contact angles of the multilayered coatings as a function of degradation time in PBS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-dependent-daidzein-release-profiles-in-pbs-3di5m37q.png Fig. 8 Time-dependent daidzein release profiles in PBS-ethanol medium (75 : 25 vol%) from (a) free microspheres prepared with 5 and 10 wt% daidzein loadings, respectively, (b) microsphere-free (control) and microsphere-containing coatings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-effect-of-daidzein-concentration-on-a-cell-34w03yga.png Fig. 9 The effect of daidzein concentration on (a) cell viability after 2 days of culture measured by MTT assay, and on (b) ALP activity after 4 days of culture (the MC3T3-E1 cell line was used for both tests, error bar represents SD, n = 6). https://scispace.com/papers/multimarket-pioneers-does-multimarket-contact-improve-their-20kmo7bkdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-the-followers-sample-1vj09rav.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics of the followers’ sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-relationship-between-mmc-and-followers-results-105y8ise.png Table 4. The relationship between MMC and followers’ results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-reciprocal-mmc-on-pioneers-and-1ogdmxva.png Figure 3. The effect of reciprocal MMC on pioneers’ and followers’ results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effect-of-non-reciprocal-mmc-on-followers-r9903mvh.png Figure 2. The effect of non-reciprocal MMC on followers’ results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-situations-of-mmc-between-pioneers-and-37kyp6kj.png Figure 1. Different situations of MMC between pioneers and followers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1t8n7g3o.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-non-reciprocal-mmc-on-pioneers-and-3jhq5ske.png Figure 4. The effect of non-reciprocal MMC on pioneers’ and followers’ results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-relationship-between-mmc-and-pioneers-results-j4jaruoj.png Table 2. The relationship between MMC and pioneers’ results https://scispace.com/papers/multilocus-ribosomal-rna-phylogeny-of-the-leaf-beetles-1uqj2ljycr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-most-parsimonious-phylogenetic-hypothesis-for-the-1ojt2gzn.png Fig. 2. Most parsimonious phylogenetic hypothesis for the Chrysomelidae based on rrnL, SSU and LSU genes from direct optimization analysis under equal weighting (10 105 steps). Numbers above branches represent bootstrap support values above 50% using a matrix excluding all gapped positions. Clades and relevant taxonomic groups are indicated with brackets or arrows pointing to the corresponding nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-parsimony-tree-lengths-and-ml-scores-1c3gylvz.png Table 3 Comparison of parsimony tree lengths and ML scores between tree search and alignment methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-likelihood-phylogenetic-hypothesis-based-on-yhsd7zel.png Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic hypothesis based on rrnL, SSU and LSU gene sequences. The tree (logL ¼ )35314.65) was obtained under a GTR + G + I evolutionary model and sequence alignment was based on the blastn algorithm. Numbers above branches are bootstrap support values above 50%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-and-composition-of-aligned-data-matrices-pair-2ahyrv0m.png Table 1 Size and composition of aligned data matrices, pair-wise divergences (both range and average ± SD are given for Chrysomelidae and Cerambycidae) and basic tree statistics for the three ribosomal markers obtained with various alignment procedures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summary-tree-depicting-the-phylogenetic-relationships-449lyk9j.png Fig. 5. Summary tree depicting the phylogenetic relationships among leaf beetle subfamilies and outgroups. Three main chrysomelid lineages (the sagrine, eumolpine and chrysomeline clades) are distinguished based on findings of the current study. Some of the traditionally recognized subfamilies were subsumed within well established larger groupings (e.g., alticines plus galerucines ¼ Galerucinae s.l.), while Eumolpinae and Chrysomelinae are shown as paraphyletic and separated into further well supported subgroups that deserve subfamily rank, such as Timarchini. The placement of Synetinae remains ambiguous, as indicated. Lamprosomatinae and Sagrinae were not sampled but were placed confidently according to conclusions from the literature and the combined parsimony analysis with this taxa represented by morphological characters only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bayesian-phylogenetic-hypothesis-based-on-rrnl-ssu-and-2sl9fng1.png Fig. 4. Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis based on rrnL, SSU and LSU obtained under a GTR + G + I evolutionary model and sequence alignment based on the blastn algorithm. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities above 0.70. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-summary-of-the-results-of-different-types-of-2x1deb50.png Fig. 1. Graphical summary of the results of different types of phylogenetic analyses. The five types of phylogenetic analyses implemented were direct optimization (POY), parsimony (PAUP), maximum likelihood (PHYML, MetaPIGA) and Bayesian (MrBayes), each applied to three different alignments, including an implied alignment from the direct optimization analysis (IA), a ClustalW alignment (Clustal) and a BlastAlign alignment (BLAST). Each analysis was carried out for rrnL, SSU, LSU and their combination, corresponding to the four columns in each section of the figure. A filled black cell in the matrix indicates recovery of the relevant group as monophyletic, a gray cell as paraphyletic, an empty cell as polyphyletic, and a question mark as an inconclusive result due to unresolved polytomies. A numerical summary of these results is also presented in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recovery-of-key-nodes-in-different-types-of-109h7xi9.png Table 2 Recovery of ‘‘key nodes’’ in different types of phylogenetic analyses. Each column shows the number of monophyletic and paraphyletic, respectively, groups recovered from a set of 22 well-established groups in the Chrysomeloidea https://scispace.com/papers/multimodal-cardiac-segmentation-using-disentangled-7cd2q42idp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-segmentation-examples-from-lge-cine-dataset-each-3qq41kf1.png Fig. 4. Two segmentation examples from LGE+cine dataset. Each row shows a paired cine-MR and LGE with their respective ground truth masks (mcine and mLGE); the MMSDNet predicted mask (mfused); and finally, the absolute difference of mLGE with mcine and mfused respectively. Row-wise: Dice(mcine,mLGE)=0.51, Dice(mfused,mLGE)=0.81, Dice(mcine,mLGE)=0.77, Dice(mfused,mLGE)=0.89. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cine-mr-and-lge-images-with-corresponding-anatomical-kj5diffu.png Fig. 1. Cine-MR and LGE images with corresponding anatomical factors. Common and unique information is marked with green and red boxes. Low tissue contrast (myocardial nulling) in LGE leads to poor separation in distinct channels between myocardium and surrounding tissues (e.g. ventricle). This can be corrected using the cine anatomy. (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-myocardium-and-left-ventricle-test-dice-2mibgfv4.png Table 1. Average myocardium and left ventricle test Dice results when training with a varying amount of masks. Best results are underlined; * denotes statistical significance at 0.05 compared to the best baseline. Number of cine-MR masks is always at 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lge-segmentations-when-training-with-varying-amounts-2a5ieaje.png Fig. 5. LGE segmentations when training with varying amounts of LGE annotations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lge-segmentations-when-training-with-varying-amounts-37fq53b1.png Fig. 6. LGE segmentations when training with varying amounts of LGE annotations. Observe that the baselines did not produce any segmentation mask when trained only with cine-MR data, i.e. for the 0% case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mmsdnet-components-top-left-anatomy-encoders-one-per-3dqqgzrl.png Fig. 2. MMSDNet components. Top left: anatomy encoders (one per modality) extract anatomical factors from images. Top right: misalignments are corrected with a STN; aligned factors are then fused to produce one factor. Bottom left: imaging factors are extracted by a modality encoder. Bottom right: the anatomical factor produces a segmentation; anatomical and imaging factors together reconstruct an image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architectures-of-the-mmsdnet-components-top-left-the-fqr3gkmu.png Fig. 3. Architectures of the MMSDNet components. Top left: the anatomy encoder follows a U-Net [18] architecture and maps an image to an anatomical factor s. Downsampling and upsampling are performed with max pooling and nearest neighbour interpolation respectively. Bottom left: the segmentation network is a small fully convolutional network that given s, produces a segmentation mask. Top right: the spatial transformer network consists of three convolutional and one fully connected layers and predicts the interpolation parameters used to register s1 to s2. Middle right: the modality encoder is a convolutional network that predicts the modality factor z. Bottom right: the decoder is a convolutional network that modulates an anatomy factor s with a modality factor z to generate an image. https://scispace.com/papers/multilevel-structured-low-density-parity-check-codes-1184jroj2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-latin-square-left-representation-of-the-adjacency-nlabnrmi.png Fig. 1. A latin square (left) representation of the adjacency matrix together with the corresponding edge-colored, complete bipartite graph for a six-level Class II MLS code. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-the-mls-and-mackay-codes-kybq2ykg.png TABLE I COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MLS AND MACKAY CODES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-ber-performance-comparison-of-r-0-5-mls-and-mackays-34c48e31.png Fig. 2. A BER performance comparison of R = 0.5, MLS and MacKay’s [2] LDPC codes with N = 1008-8064 and a maximum of I = 100 decoder iterations when transmitting over the AWGN and uncorrelated Rayleigh (UR) channel using BPSK modulation. https://scispace.com/papers/multimedia-implicit-tagging-using-eeg-signals-4k3gcgwkca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-image-depicting-a-human-action-including-thblirwo.png Fig. 1. Example image depicting a human action including relevant tag (‘Sit Down’) as shown to the subjects. Part of the recorded eye gaze fixation and scan path of one subject is overlaid in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aggregation-of-multiple-participants-erp-responses-3tuv939f.png Fig. 4. Aggregation of multiple participants’ ERP responses increases the signal to noise ratio and consequently the accuracy of tag relevance assessment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-downsampled-eeg-responses-over-all-electrodes-1b500ubl.png Fig. 3. Average downsampled EEG responses over all electrodes and all the participants. P300 ERP response for relevant and N400 ERP for irrelevant tags are visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aggregation-of-multiple-participants-emotion-detection-2635zud0.png Fig. 2. Aggregation of multiple participants’ emotion detection significantly improves the detection for implicit tagging. Arousal detection rate was superior to valence detection rates. https://scispace.com/papers/multiphase-models-of-tumour-growth-1mlwsdukrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-force-ratio-and-deduced-surface-tension-measurement-3r08m6va.png Table 1. Force ratio and deduced surface tension measurement for different cell lines (data from [WSF05]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-of-the-fibrosis-in-a-homogeneous-tissue-1jqr5e6t.png Fig. 4. Growth of the fibrosis in a homogeneous tissue surrounding a bone. Cell volume ratio φt + φn at the dimensionless times 30 and 60 is given in (a) and (b). ECM volume ratio is given in (c) and (d). The line delimits the tumour from the host tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tissue-with-fibroblasts-and-extracellular-matrix-pkydp004.png Fig. 1. (a) Tissue with fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Three sample volumes are shown as black circles in (b), ECM in white, cells in darker tint, the rest is extracellular liquid. (c) Volume ratio of the constituent as a function of sample volume size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tumour-cord-region-t-and-region-of-host-tissue-h-blood-xxoiuys2.png Fig. 5. Tumour cord region Ωt and region of host tissue Ωh. Blood vessel is positioned along the x-axis (∂Ωsouth). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-viscoplastic-cell-ecm-interaction-1kn8kyui.png Fig. 2. Viscoplastic cell–ECM interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cord-growth-thick-line-lines-shows-position-of-the-2lnluror.png Fig. 7. Cord growth. Thick line lines shows position of the tumour–host interface ∂Ωth. (a) and (c) show oxygen concentration. (b) and (d) show packing density profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-glucose-catabolic-pathways-based-on-nc02-anaerobic-1shrd688.png Fig. 6. Glucose catabolic pathways (based on [NC02]). Anaerobic pathway is less energy efficient and in addition it acidifies the microenvironement, but many tumours rely on this type of metabolism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-of-a-tumour-in-a-heterogeneous-tissue-14grrm90.png Fig. 3. Growth of a tumour in a heterogeneous tissue surrounding a bone. Denser ECM is found near the points (0,10) and (5,5). (a), (c), and (d) give the cell volume ratio φt + φn at the dimensionless times 5, 10, and 15. (b) gives the cell volume at the section of the tumour along y = 6 for x ∈ [−6, 6] and t = 5. https://scispace.com/papers/multiphoton-absorption-induced-ultraviolet-luminescence-of-1fzg1bqo5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sem-images-of-the-zno-nanorod-arrays-3p4a2m9n.png FIG. 1. Color online SEM images of the ZnO nanorod arrays grown by VLS mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-xrd-inset-rocking-curve-for-the-zno-1j265w33.png FIG. 2. Color online XRD; inset: rocking curve for the ZnO nanorod arrays grown by VLS mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-polarization-dependence-behavior-of-shg-howthmld.png FIG. 7. Color online Polarization dependence behavior of SHG and MPAinduced luminescence signal MPAL . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-mpa-induced-emission-spectra-generated-in-37fg1tg8.png FIG. 5. Color online MPA-induced emission spectra generated in ZnO nanorods grown by VLS mechanism at different excitation densities. The scattered rectangular points represent the original signal. Dashed curves: fit curves for UV and SHG contributions obtained by multi-Gaussian decomposition algorithm. The upper dashed curves represent the sum of both fit. The excitation densities were 33.95, 9.62, and 0.28 GW /cm2 for a , b , and c , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fwhm-and-peak-position-of-uv-pl-and-shg-at-different-2ovvf3an.png TABLE I. FWHM and peak position of UV-PL and SHG at different peak power levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-variation-in-the-two-photon-and-three-29ybftsb.png FIG. 6. Color online Variation in the two-photon and three-photon absorbance for excitation with a 13 fs pulse with a central wavelength of 800 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-double-logarithmic-plot-of-the-uv-293n6nch.png FIG. 4. Color online Double-logarithmic plot of the UV luminescence signal as a function of the laser peak power. Scattered points: experimental data; solid line: linear fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-emission-spectra-in-zno-nanorods-tw8h230y.png FIG. 3. Color online The emission spectra in ZnO nanorods grown by VLS mechanism when excited by a broadband FWHM=103 nm fs pulse having central wavelength at 800 nm. The pulse energy was 4.16 nJ as directly extracted from Ti:sapphire laser oscillator without amplifier peak power 36.75 GW /cm2 Inset: the multiple-Gaussian fits dotted curves show the UV luminescence peak=386 nm and SHG peak=403 nm components of this spectrum. The solid line represent the sum of both fit and the scattered rectangular points display the real spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/multiphoton-resonances-for-all-optical-quantum-logic-with-5gjjkkqcai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-atom-has-two-transitions-which-couple-to-the-two-3hz86kza.png FIG. 6. atom has two transitions which couple to the two cavity modes that make up a qubit. We adiabatically eliminate levels |b〉 and |c〉 from the interaction under the conditions (20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-conceptual-and-simplified-illustration-of-cascaded-v4sq1fvc.png FIG. 7. Conceptual, and simplified, illustration of cascaded clusters of six cavities resulting in a scalable system. The path of the ancilla atom is indicated with the arrow. Not shown are the electrodes to be used locally to Stark shift atomic levels out of resonance with the cavity modes as required for the implemented gates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-illustration-of-the-physical-layout-of-a-2hr85rk8.png FIG. 1. Simplified illustration of the physical layout of a single gate of the type considered in the paper. Axial (a) and side (b) views are shown. A single atom enters a multimode cavity and interacts with the photonic qubits present. An interaction with as many as six cavity modes is considered. On exit from the cavities, the atomic state is measured. The illustration shows state selective field ionization [36] as an example. The measurement allows us to enhance the fidelity of the gate operation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-qubit-is-encoded-as-a-single-excitation-shared-1r6q3ffl.png TABLE I. A qubit is encoded as a single excitation shared between two modes of the field. A logical one maps to the excitation residing fully in the first mode, and the logical zero maps to the excitation being fully in the second mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-double-scheme-with-four-modes-and-four-atomic-levels-1lr0cekp.png FIG. 2. Double- scheme with four modes and four atomic levels, which can form an iSWAP gate for photonic qubits (Sec. III). At certain interaction times this leads to a rearrangement of excitations between the cavity modes without a resulting excitation of the atom. The detunings i represent the detuning of virtual states in the multiphoton resonance found when 4 ∼ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-truth-table-for-the-iswap-gate-42-the-iswap-gate-is-1f6au1a6.png TABLE II. Truth table for the iSWAP gate [42]. The iSWAP gate is locally equivalent to a combined CNOT and SWAP operation [42], and forms a universal set with the one qubit rotation gates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diagram-illustrating-the-difference-between-the-34nfcj0m.png FIG. 8. Diagram illustrating the difference between the detunings i in Fig. 3 and the detunings δi utilized in Appendix B. The detunings δi indicate the detuning of each coupled field from its respective transition. The detunings i represent the accumulated detuning of a multiphoton resonance (without considering level shifts). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-level-scheme-with-repeated-mode-o1-which-can-realize-a-368wcw4i.png FIG. 3. Level scheme, with repeated mode ω1, which can realize a Fredkin (controlled swap) gate when 6 ∼ 0 (multiphoton resonance). The mode ω4 is not shown here. By tuning 3 according to the resonance conditions (16) the operational speed of the gate can be increased. https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-cracks-interactions-in-stress-corrosion-cracking-in-6aic98rken 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-device-a-general-view-b-disposition-of-1o0713sb.png Fig. 2 Experimental device: a General view, b Disposition of the electrodes, c Sample geometry (gauge size: 3 4 mm2), d Spatial reference system for tomography analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-morphology-of-the-crack-referred-as-i-in-the-text-red-359ej7aj.png Fig. 6 Morphology of the crack referred as “I” in the text. Red ovals shows preferential propagation on a single grain boundary (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-results-for-the-scc-experiments-performed-on-a-23oy3k0z.png Fig. 3 Typical results for the SCC experiments performed on a sensitized alloy 600 tested in 0.01 M K2S4O6 at pH 3 (room temperature, 80%YS). a Typical morphology of the obtained crack colony and b description of the evolution of the crack colony through several crack descriptors (the average value of η for the whole population of cracks is reported here) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-mean-dimensions-of-the-scc-cracks-2hab45ni.png Fig. 5 Evolution of the mean dimensions of the SCC cracks (length, opening, and depth, determined for each crack, then averaged) detected on a sensitized alloy 600 tested in a solution of 0.01 M K2S4O6 at pH 4 (room temperature, 120–140% YS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiple-stress-corrosion-cracks-initiation-1k7gpv1a.png Fig. 1 Multiple stress corrosion cracks initiation, coalescence, and growth on pipeline steels according to (Reproduced from Parkins [2]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-morphology-of-the-crack-ii-showing-that-sometimes-loe05qjg.png Fig. 7 Morphology of the crack “II” showing that sometimes crack coalescence may start in-depth rather than in surface (see red arrows)(Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-over-a-sub-volume-of-the-propagation-of-a-3ujgqj7j.png Fig. 4 Simulation over a sub-volume of the propagation of a cracks colony, a 3D view of the sub-volume, b Surface view, simulation, c Surface view, experimental data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-wt-of-the-studied-nickel-based-3v7s1ymn.png Table 1 Chemical composition (%wt.) of the studied Nickel based Alloy 600 https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-ionization-in-relativistic-heavy-ion-atom-1i9qs46ed9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ny1kpmqc.png Fig. 1 .' \ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-single-and-multiple-stripping-cross-sections-for-955-wsxo4kk2.png Fig. 1 .' \ https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-ligand-recognition-sites-in-free-fatty-acid-42gxdywl99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-characteristics-and-classification-of-the-vxj41j5t.png Table 1. Basic characteristics and classification of the compounds included in the study https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-wavelength-led-on-monolithic-qw-structure-248czrwjzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-device-output-spectra-b-device-sequence-pictures-39ccaey9.png Figure 6 (a) Device output spectra (b) Device sequence pictures of applied currents for different regions https://scispace.com/papers/multiplexing-of-optical-fiber-gas-sensors-with-a-frequency-211survndw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-minimum-detectable-gas-concentration-versus-sensor-1gqbn0cr.png Fig. 4. Minimum detectable gas concentration versus sensor number: curve a, the interferometric effect; curves b–e, the effect of the sideline of FMCW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dc-component-of-cos-jij-as-a-function-of-time-delay-s0gd383a.png Fig. 3. dc component of cos jij as a function of time-delay differnce tji between sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fmcw-multiplexed-ladder-gas-sensor-array-vefkzqox.png Fig. 1. FMCW multiplexed ladder gas-sensor array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ms-12yk0-m012yk0-and-mc-12yk0-as-functions-of-nlm-1xkj0rzm.png Fig. 2. Ms,12yk0, M0,12yk0, and Mc,12yk0 as functions of nLm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-output-signal-spectrum-of-a-two-sensor-system-vm-5-00-1ce32h29.png Fig. 5. Output signal spectrum of a two-sensor system. vm 5 00 Hz. ~a! Small modulation amplitude nLm ' 100 MHz, ~b! large modulation amplitude nLm ' 22 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-second-harmonic-output-of-sensor-1-3t0ydkfm.png Fig. 6. Second-harmonic output of sensor 1. https://scispace.com/papers/mummy-lake-an-unroofed-ceremonial-structure-within-a-large-245mmp3wb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-walled-flat-surface-on-east-side-of-mummy-lake-wall-no-qy6pzzxy.png Fig. 5. Walled flat surface on east side of Mummy Lake. Wall No. 1 (Fig. 7) is buried under this surface. Wall No. 2 is the outer wall and Wall No. 3 is the inner wall (Fig. 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-west-side-of-mummy-lake-the-inclined-walled-structure-2f1drjos.png Fig. 6. West side of Mummy Lake. The inclined walled structure was previously interpreted to be an intake ditch. We consider this feature to be a processional ramp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-middle-ditch-cross-sections-whose-locations-are-shown-1a62pud8.png Fig. 10. Middle ditch cross sections whose locations are shown in Fig. 2. Note that water would have run out of the ditch at cross sections CeC0 and DeD0 and would have flowed into the canyon that borders the eastern edge of the Far View group study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assumed-bed-material-grain-size-distribution-of-wtoqhsq5.png Table 3 Assumed bed material grain-size distribution of suspended sediment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-pictures-of-a-wupatki-amphitheater-and-b-wupatki-ball-3230xcso.png Fig. 15. Pictures of A. Wupatki amphitheater and B. Wupatki ball court. Note the standing water in the ball court, which is obviously not a reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relief-map-showing-the-location-of-rohns-1963-1g9hrwd4.png Fig. 8. Relief map showing the location of Rohn’s (1963) gathering basin and collection area as well as the hypothetical upper (feeder) ditch that supposedly carried water to Mummy Lake. Note the ridge crest location of the ditch. Black lines are drainage pathways identified from a 10-m seamless NED DEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-construction-phases-of-mummy-lake-the-horseshoe-shaped-206brfc9.png Fig. 7. Construction phases of Mummy Lake. The horseshoe-shaped feature in the lower left of this illustration was originally interpreted to be part of a surface-water intake system that contained a sediment settling basin. We suggest that this feature is a herradura, commonly associated with ceremonial roads in the American Southwest. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weather-station-locations-3lum7rvd.png Table 1 Weather station locations. https://scispace.com/papers/muscle-strength-field-based-tests-to-identify-european-4hoe89ui6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-roc-derived-cut-points-and-diagnostic-statistics-for-3oxr3y3y.png Table 1. ROC-derived cut points and diagnostic statistics for tests of muscle strength to determine elevated cardiometabolic risk index in boys and girls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recommended-age-and-sex-specific-cut-points-to-25t3jebg.png Table 3. Recommended age- and sex-specific cut points to detect elevated cardiometabolic risk index and metabolic syndrome using upper and lower body muscle strength tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roc-derived-cut-points-and-diagnostic-statistics-for-by5x52nv.png Table 2. ROC-derived cut points and diagnostic statistics for tests of muscle strength to determine metabolic syndrome in boys and girls. https://scispace.com/papers/music-emotion-recognition-from-content-to-context-based-3fg3vtgd6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-content-audio-and-lyrics-and-context-based-features-5wm27u3a.png Table 2. Content (audio and lyrics) and context-based features used in MER (studies between 2009 and 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categorical-and-dimensional-models-of-music-emotions-1rbqasds.png Table 1. Categorical and dimensional models of music emotions used in MER. https://scispace.com/papers/musical-pluralism-and-the-science-of-music-263tuc286f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-areas-along-dimensions-of-abstraction-and-14h107gk.png Fig. 1: Research areas along dimensions of abstraction and temporal scale https://scispace.com/papers/musicology-and-performance-practice-in-search-of-a-2qz567r2zh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-st-matthew-passion-komm-susses-kreuz-bars-1-11-2gk621id.png Figure 8: St. Matthew Passion: ‘Komm süßes Kreuz’ bars 1–11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cont-e7x8hq83.png Figure 4 cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transcription-of-turecks-performance-goldberg-3r58z3rd.png Figure 4 cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-goldberg-variations-variation-8-b-17-32-2r5atyxl.png Figure 7: Goldberg Variations: Variation 8 b. 17–32 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-indicate-a-fairly-similar-value-a-difference-of-0-1jyjczqo.png Figure 6 indicate a fairly similar value (a difference of 0.05 is negligible) across various versions. What the table cannot show is the nevertheless very different character of these performances. Moreover, the aural perception is such that often the recordings with a lesser dotting ratio sound positively more strongly dotted. In this light it seems quite evident that articulation and a contextual understanding of rhythm are more important. The two are organically interlinked and eighteenth century musicians internalised and mastered them primarily through playing technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cont-3ou1ql6l.png Figure 5 cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transcription-of-kipnis-performance-goldberg-1b1xyape.png Figure 5 cont. https://scispace.com/papers/muslims-and-religious-liberty-in-the-era-of-9-11-empirical-xg5xkpl5kd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ras5dnh.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2rd1yw1f.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2di6lxsz.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1jecfqg0.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3ngc8dbc.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3it3si7n.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/papers/mutations-in-fbid-rv2983-as-a-novel-determinant-of-3c320yz7xs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-f420-deficient-pretomanid-resistant-rv2983-mutant-1fvs0p4e.png Figure 4. F420-deficient pretomanid-resistant Rv2983 mutant is hypersensitive to oxidative 985 stress and progressive hypoxia, but is not attenuated in BALB/c mouse lungs. A. Mtb 986 growth kinetics in 7H9 broth containing 20 µM menadione; B. Mtb growth kinetics in 7H9 broth 987 containing 100 µM menadione; C. Mtb growth and survival under progressive hypoxia; D. Lung 988 CFU counts in BALB/c mice after aerosol infection with Mtb strains. 989 990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pretomanid-and-delamanid-mics-against-the-parent-uihbqry9.png Table 1. Pretomanid and delamanid MICs against the parent H37Rv strain and isogenic 922 mutants selected in mice 923 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-selective-amplification-of-spontaneous-pretomanid-bkbttu19.png Fig. 1. Selective amplification of spontaneous pretomanid-resistant mutants during 926 pretomanid monotherapy in mice is dose-dependent and is more pronounced in 927 C3HeB/FeJ mice. After aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, BALB/c and C3HeB/FeJ 928 mice were treated with a range of doses of pretomanid for 8 weeks and sacrificed at different 929 time points before and after treatment for lung CFU counts. A. Mean (± S.D.) total lung CFU 930 counts on the day after infection (W-8), on the day of treatment initiation (D0), and after 3 weeks 931 of treatment with the indicated pretomanid dose (in mg/kg body weight). Dose-dependent 932 bactericidal activity was observed in both strains; B. Mean (± S.D.) total and PMD-resistant lung 933 CFU counts in BALB/c mice on day 0 and after 8 weeks of treatment with the indicated 934 pretomanid dose. Dose-dependent bactericidal activity and selection of PMD-resistant bacteria 935 was observed, with the resistant population overtaking the susceptible population at doses ≥ 936 300 mg/kg; C. Mean (± S.D.) total and PMD-resistant lung CFU counts in C3HeB/FeJ mice on 937 day 0 and after 8 weeks of treatment with the indicated pretomanid dose. Dose-dependent 938 bactericidal activity and selection of PMD-resistant bacteria was observed, with the resistant 939 population overtaking the susceptible population at doses ≥ 30 mg/kg. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 940 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-mutation-in-rv2983-causes-growth-inhibition-on-351z997u.png Fig. 7. A mutation in Rv2983 causes growth inhibition on commercial 7H10 agar and LJ 1018 slants, but not on commercial 7H11 agar. Aliquots of M. tuberculosis cultures were spread on 1019 various solid media purchased commercially after serial 10-fold dilutions. A-B. Mean CFU 1020 counts on 7H10 (A) and 7H11 (B) agar plates after 21, 28 and 35 days of incubation; C. 1021 Colonies on LJ slants inoculated with serially diluted aliquots after 28 and 35 days of incubation. 1022 1: H37Rv wild type; 2: B101 mutant (∆Rv2983, A198P); 3: B101 mutant complemented with 1023 Rv2983 behind the native promoter; 4: B101 mutant complemented with Rv2983 behind the 1024 hsp60 promoter; 5. K91 mutant (∆ddn, IS6110 ins in D108). 1025 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mutation-frequencies-and-mutation-types-of-genes-2xpfdblw.png Fig. 2. Mutation frequencies and mutation types of genes associated with pretomanid 944 resistance. WGS was performed with 136 pretomanid-resistant colonies and 25 colony pools 945 picked from 47 individual mice harboring pretomanid-resistant CFU after 8 weeks of treatment. 946 99 unique mutations in these 6 genes were identified. A. Overall mutation frequencies; B. 947 Mutation frequencies and mutation types in BALB/c mice; C. Mutation frequencies and mutation 948 types in C3HeB/FeJ. 949 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-997-f420-deficient-pretomanid-resistant-rv2983-3tpqt2ym.png Figure 5. 997 F420-deficient pretomanid-resistant Rv2983 mutant is hypersusceptible to anti-TB drugs. 998 Time-kill kinetics was performed using Mtb strains in 7H9 broth containing following drugs: A. 999 INH of 0.15 µg/ml; B. LZD of 2.5 µg/ml; C. BDQ of 0.3 µg/ml; D. CFZ of 1.84 µg/ml. The 1000 difference in CFU/ml was calculated based on the CFU/ml at each time point relative to that on 1001 day 0 (after subculture of the strains to a drug-containing medium). 1002 1003 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-f420h2-deficient-pretomanid-resistant-mutants-of-m-gn3fca6o.png Fig. 6. F420H2-deficient pretomanid-resistant mutants of M. tuberculosis are more 1005 susceptible to growth inhibition by malachite green. A. Growth of wild-type M. tuberculosis 1006 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rv2983-is-required-for-efficient-f420-synthesis-from-a7g5d8fb.png Fig. 3. Rv2983 is required for efficient F420 synthesis from Fo. F420 and Fo content 958 measured in M. smegmatis strains harboring different recombinants relative to the control strain 959 containing the empty vector pYUBDuet after 6 (A) and 26 (B) hours of 1mM IPTG induction; F420 960 https://scispace.com/papers/mvd-fuse-detection-of-white-matter-degeneration-via-multi-2gjibmnxkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-depiction-of-analyzed-measures-and-extracted-3flfjevg.png Figure 2: Depiction of analyzed measures and extracted features. (A) Models fitted to the data and microstructure maps derived as outputs from them. (B) Nonlinear registration of each model fit to a white matter template, which is in turn fed to the multi-view learning algorithm as input. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mvd-fuse-framework-a-mkl-b-mvb-and-c-nn-36r98ftj.png Figure 1: MVD-Fuse framework. (A) MKL, (B) MVB and (C) NN intermediate fusion algorithms are used to integrate different measures (views) derived from DWI modeling and improve the detection of pathological patterns of white matter microstructure in a disorder of interest (pre-HD in our proof-of-concept validation). https://scispace.com/papers/mycare-card-development-the-patient-held-electronic-health-3i9msc4bpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mycare-card-browser-gui-screen-example-vabr0fmz.png Fig. 2: MyCare Card Browser GUI screen example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-mycare-usb-card-design-example-2yn2ieoh.png Fig. 1: Proposed MyCare USB card design example https://scispace.com/papers/myeloid-cell-and-transcriptome-signatures-associated-with-4as3g9n5hy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-changes-in-expression-of-microglial-signature-genes-3v53gmir.png FIGURE 7 | Changes in expression of microglial signature genes after intracerebral LPS challenge suggest restoration of a homeostatic microglial state is associated with inflammation resolution. Brain homogenates were prepared from the ipsilateral hemisphere after intrastriatal PBS or LPS injection at indicated timepoints and gene expression measured by (A–C) microarray or (D) quantitative PCR. Expression intensities of (A) selected microglial homeostatic signature genes, (B) P2Y https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kinetics-of-neutrophil-accumulation-and-loss-define-hdlhzmdc.png FIGURE 1 | Kinetics of neutrophil accumulation and loss define operational phases of the inflammatory response to intracerebral LPS challenge. (A) Schematic showing location of stereotaxic injections. Regions 1 and 2 indicate areas of cerebral cortex and striatum, respectively, shown in (B,D). (B) Representative immunostaining images of SJC4+ neutrophil accumulation in cortex (top) and striatum (bottom) (regions indicated in A) 24 h after LPS injection. Scale bar, 100µm. (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/mycocerosic-acid-biomarkers-for-the-diagnosis-of-2ga5xwx71y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-of-mycocerosic-acid-detection-with-the-1ilo5bsl.png Table 3 Correlation of mycocerosic acid detection with the burial record and state of bone prese https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elution-scheme-for-fractionation-of-long-chain-2x81bblz.png Table 1 Elution scheme for fractionation of long-chain extracts on silica gel cartridges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-c26-c34-mycocerosic-and-c27-4d4a3pdr.png Figure 1. Structures of C26–C34 mycocerosic and C27 mycolipenic acids from M. tuberculosis. Mass spectral m/z values refer to negative ions observed on fragmentation of pentafluorobenzyl esters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-mycocerosates-and-mycolipenates-in-qcqziiwb.png Table 4 Distribution of mycocerosates and mycolipenates in Coimbra bone extracts and standard material. Semi-quantitative data were obtained in Greenwich (G) and quantitative ratios of C29, C30 and C32 mycocerosate ionswere recorded in Salford (S). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-retention-factors-of-the-decafluorobenzhydrol-esters-2l6dcmj3.png Table 2 Retention factors of the decafluorobenzhydrol esters, mycocerosic acid PFB esters and decafluorobenzophenone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimisation-of-conditions-for-normal-phase-hplc-2t7otdzu.png Figure 3. Optimisation of conditions for normal phase HPLC purification of multimethyl branched PFB esters, using chemical co-markers. (1) log k0 plot for decafluorobenzophenone (DFBP), mycocerosic acid PFB ester (MY) and dodecanoic acid bis-pentafuorophenyl-methyl ester (DPFM) as a function of ethyl acetate concentration (%) in heptane. (2) The corresponding separation in 98:2 heptane:ethyl acetate, 1 mlmin 1. Column, Genesis silica 4 mm particle size, 250 mm by 4.6 mm at 30 C. (3) Structures of the co-markers DPFM and DFBP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tlc-analysis-of-the-8-fractions-fromnormal-phase-3j2nnj9u.png Figure 2. TLC analysis of the 8 fractions fromnormal phase cartridge separation of longchain compounds fromM. tuberculosis PN, using the elution scheme detailed in Table 1. MY,mycocerosic acid PFB ester;MA,mycolic acid PFB ester; P, phthiocerol; FA, other fatty acid PFB ester. TLC developed in petrol 60–80 C:ethyl acetate, 9:1 and components revealed by spraying with 10% ethanolic molybdophosphoric acid and charring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sim-chromatogram-of-purified-multimethyl-branched-13uoturb.png Figure 7. SIM chromatogram of purified multimethyl-branched PFB esters from Coimbra sample 8, using a BPX-5 column in Greenwich. The component with a retention time of 10.45 min, corresponds to C27 mycolipenate (m/z 407). https://scispace.com/papers/myoconductive-and-osteoinductive-free-standing-3y073b9qrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-quantification-of-bmp-2-loaded-in-and-released-from-1s57f033.png Fig. 4. Quantification of BMP-2 loaded in and released from the (CHI/ALG) FS membranes. (A) CLSM images of the EDC50 FS membrane labeled with Alexa 568 (red) and loaded with BMP-2 CF (green). Two BMP-2 layers, on the lower and upper side of the membrane, were observed over a period of 8 months. (B) Release profiles of the EDC10, EDC30 and EDC50 FS membranes over a period of 1 month for an initial BMP-2 loading concentration of 20 lg ml 1; (B0 , B00) release profiles of the EDC10 and EDC50 FS membranes over a period of 1 month for initial BMP-2 loading concentrations of 60 lg ml 1 (B0) and 100 lg ml 1 (B’’). Values are mean + SEM of three samples. https://scispace.com/papers/nahalal-cache-organization-for-chip-multiprocessors-44p73rrnpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-system-parameters-2hm0odqf.png TABLE III - SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cache-line-sharing-characteristics-pxx7qqq3.png TABLE II - CACHE LINE SHARING CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-access-distribution-of-shared-cache-lines-x-axis-marks-322nd879.png Fig. 2. Access distribution of shared cache lines. X-axis marks the number of shared lines (in thousand), and Y-axis marks the percent of accesses out of the total accesses to shared data that targeted these lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-l2-cache-access-time-labels-indicate-the-3rwzgylt.png Fig. 4. Average L2 cache access time. (Labels indicate the relative reduction in L2 hit time of Nahalal over CIM.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-relative-distance-to-shared-versus-private-z2ut7n8w.png Fig. 5. Average relative distance to shared versus private lines for CIM and Nahalal. Relative distance is the distance in banks between the data and the processor (a relative distance of 1 is defined as an access to the most adjacent bank, or to the shared bank in Nahalal). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nahalal-1sbp4mge.png Fig. 1. Nahalal https://scispace.com/papers/nanomolar-binding-of-peptides-containing-noncanonical-amino-18db7jy1c4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bar-plot-comparing-the-relative-fluorescence-mvxbz3di.png Figure 2. Bar plot comparing the relative fluorescence quenching induced by each of the 18 phenylalanine derivatives on competitive displacement of acridine orange from Q7 (20 M amino acid, 2 M Q7, 2 M acridine orange, 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, 25 C).10 Error bars are standard deviations of three experiments. Qualitatively, the extent of quenching is directly related to the affinity of binding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-isothermal-titration-calorimetry-of-amphe-gly-gly-1mbvitb8.png Figure 4. Isothermal titration calorimetry of AMPhe-Gly-Gly (22) binding to Q7. The experiment was carried out at 27 C in 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, and in the presence of 100-fold excess phenylalanine as a weak competitor. The peaks in the plot of power vs. time (top) were integrated to yield data for enthalpy vs. molar ratio of peptide:Q7 (bottom). The enthalpy data were fit to a binary equilibrium model to derive an apparent equilibrium constant, which was used to calculate the high affinity of peptide 22. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-data-for-binding-to-cucurbit-7-uril-2i4147ps.png Table 1. Thermodynamic Data for Binding to Cucurbit[7]uril. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-the-relative-free-energies-of-1i38jqum.png Figure 5. Illustration of the relative free energies of binding (G) to Q7 for compounds 1, 3, 19, 20, 22, and 23, with schematics highlighting the possible differences in interactions that produce these changes. Starting from the upper left and right corners, each arrow adds an additional interaction, ultimately producing an ultrastable complex containing several stabilizing factors that work together synergistically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-formulas-of-the-compounds-in-this-study-212y0pzd.png Figure 1. Chemical formulas of the compounds in this study. The schematic at top right illustrates the stabilizing forces involved in the interaction of Phe with Q7; the red rings symbolize the negative dipole moments of the carbonyl groups lining both portals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-computational-model-using-a-molecular-mechanics-2e86ialf.png Figure 3. (top) Computational model using a molecular mechanics (MMFF) forcefield in a continuum solvent model, and (bottom) the aromatic region of the 500 MHz 1H NMR spectra of (a) tBuPhe (2) and (b) AMPhe (3) in the presence and absence of Q7. All analytes were at a concentration of 2 mM. Spectra were acquired at 25 C in deuterium oxide solution containing 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-of-the-entropic-vs-the-enthalpic-contributions-37iz9i2x.png Figure 6. Plot of the entropic vs. the enthalpic contributions to the free energy of binding to Q7 for the series of eight compounds studied by ITC. The straight line is fit only to the data points represented as circles. https://scispace.com/papers/nanocellular-polymers-with-a-gradient-cellular-structure-1eewpt5vah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-densities-and-cell-nucleation-densities-in-3gd4vorr.png Table 2. Relative densities and cell nucleation densities in the core of the PMMA/TPU cellular samples produced at various saturation pressures and foaming at 100 °C during 1 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-relative-density-and-b-cell-nucleation-density-ygw17fry.png Figure 6. a) Relative density and b) cell nucleation density (left axis) and cell size (right axis) as a function of the saturation pressure for the PMMA/ TPU samples. Error bars in (b) indicate SD of the cell size distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-images-taken-in-the-center-of-the-pmma-tpu-16xstzm0.png Figure 8. SEM images taken in the center of the PMMA/TPU samples produced at various foaming conditions: a) 90 °C/0.5 min, b) 90 °C/1 min, c) 90 °C/2 min, d) 100 °C/0.5 min, e) 100 °C/1 min, and f) 100 °C/2 min. (Saturation pressure was equal to 15 MPa.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-structure-of-the-cylindrical-samples-x8zzvnpa.png Figure 1. Schematic structure of the cylindrical samples obtained in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-densities-cell-size-and-cell-nucleation-16i654fa.png Table 3. Relative densities, cell size, and cell nucleation densities in the core of the PMMA/TPU cellular samples produced at several foaming conditions after saturation and 15 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amount-of-gas-uptake-relative-density-and-cell-pjb56czb.png Table 1. Amount of gas uptake, relative density, and cell nucleation densities in the core of the PMMA and the PMMA/TPU cellular samples produced at 15 MPa of saturation pressure and foaming at 100 °C during 1 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-sem-images-of-the-cellular-samples-345bgb5q.png Figure 3. Representative SEM images of the cellular samples produced at 15 MPa of saturation pressure and foamed at 100 °C during 1 min: a) PMMA and b) PMMA/TPU. Each image is taken at increasing distance from the center of the sample (d) (a.1 and b.1: d <40% (CORE); a.2 and b.2: d ≈ 50%; a.3 and b.3: d ≈ 70%; a.4 and b.4: d >90%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-images-of-the-core-of-the-pmma-tpu-samples-3l350j72.png Figure 5. SEM images of the core of the PMMA/TPU samples produced at different saturation pressures: a) 6 MPa, b) 10 MPa, c) 15 MPa, and d) 20 MPa. (Foaming was carried out at 100 °C during 1 min.) https://scispace.com/papers/nanoparticle-coated-pdms-elastomers-for-enhancement-of-raman-12qdb73bea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-of-au-nps-with-size-of-a-13-1-b-16-8-and-c-3o0z17dy.png Fig. 2 SEM images of Au NPs with size of (A) 13 1, (B) 16 8 and (C) 38 3 nm adsorbed on PDMS elastomers which were coated with a 10 nm Pt film. Raman detection of MB (D) and PATP (E) on Ag substrates which were covered by the Au NP-coated PDMS elastomer. Curves (a–c) were obtained with different sized Au NP (A–C) coated PDMS elastomers. https://scispace.com/papers/nanosatellite-air-bearing-tests-of-fault-tolerant-sliding-2hs6ywotcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-unscented-transform-adaptive-ukf-3glyh8a4.png Figure 5. The Unscented Transform, Adaptive UKF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-software-flow-chart-of-spherical-air-bearing-system-289tmfsw.png Figure 3. Software Flow Chart of Spherical Air Bearing System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-unscented-transform-traditional-ukf-3hp54mlk.png Figure 4. The Unscented Transform, Traditional UKF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-unscented-transform-reduced-sigma-set-ukf-i2tcwv08.png Figure 6. The Unscented Transform, Reduced Sigma Set UKF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3-axis-control-90-degree-slew-maneuver-with-no-mus1wr01.png Figure 11. 3-axis Control 90 Degree Slew Maneuver with No Faults https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3-axis-control-90-degree-slew-maneuver-with-25-2wzsbwd3.png Figure 12. 3-axis Control 90 Degree Slew Maneuver with 25% Pitch Wheel Offset Fault https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-3-axis-control-90-degree-slew-maneuver-with-50-yaw-3n60jcsr.png Figure 13. 3-axis Control 90 Degree Slew Maneuver with 50% Yaw Wheel Power Reduction Fault https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-attitude-control-test-platform-model-york-1mv5h91u.png Figure 1. Attitude Control Test Platform Model, York University Nanosatellite Lab https://scispace.com/papers/nanosilver-targets-the-bacterial-cell-envelope-the-link-with-4hizpbeizu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assignment-of-the-atr-ftir-spectra-of-the-bacterial-tqsa33o1.png Table 1. Assignment of the ATR-FTIR spectra of the bacterial cell envelope components 177 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nag-induced-structural-changes-in-cell-envelope-ggfa9mfv.png Table 2. NAg-induced structural changes in cell envelope molecules 280 https://scispace.com/papers/nasal-drug-delivery-success-through-integrated-device-2az1vodt1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mad-nasal-mucosal-atomization-device-29-312eeoka.png Figure 5: MAD Nasal-Mucosal Atomization Device 29 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bidirectional-nasal-delivery25-2h7i54ym.png Figure 3: BiDirectional Nasal delivery25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-directhaler-nasal-device-innovation-and-delivery-2b9mesbv.png Figure 2: DirectHaler Nasal: Device innovation and delivery method innovation23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nasonebtm-nasal-nebulizer30-3at4bdr6.png Figure 6: NasoNeb™ Nasal Nebulizer30 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefits-of-nasal-drug-delivery-comparison-to-hbmdgx4c.png Table 1: Benefits of nasal drug delivery comparison to alternate delivery methods12-14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-paracellular-route-a1-intercellular-spaces-a2-3fr8v5dg.png Figure 1: (A) Paracellular route (A1) Intercellular spaces, (A2) Tight junctions, (B) Transcellular route (B1) Passive diffusion, (B2) Active transport, (C) Transcytosis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-target-sites-that-are-better-served-by-bi-11tv5o15.png Figure 4: Target sites that are better served by bi-directional delivery24 https://scispace.com/papers/nash-bargained-consumption-decisions-a-revealed-preference-22jdb62kxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-rxde45ih.png Figure 2: Power https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-9-price-regimes-and-corresponding-individual-and-1wx6wp05.png Table 1: The 9 price regimes and corresponding (individual and joint) income levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-the-budget-share-spent-on-the-2okkfbh6.png Table 2: Summary statistics for the budget share spent on the beverage https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-power-for-different-values-of-optimization-error-22ch5m62.png Table 4: Power for different values of optimization error https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predictive-success-for-different-values-of-agl5vz6s.png Table 5: Predictive success for different values of optimization error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predictive-success-16qk0oh2.png Figure 3: Predictive success https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pass-rates-1q5c58bc.png Figure 1: Pass rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pass-rates-for-different-values-of-optimization-2lyz6me0.png Table 3: Pass rates for different values of optimization error https://scispace.com/papers/national-context-matters-influence-of-national-business-28lmueb2hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-within-and-cross-case-analysis-1gj1jdgc.png Table 2. Within and Cross-Case Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-two-case-studies-2siv56fr.png Table 1. Summary of the two case studies https://scispace.com/papers/national-study-of-chronic-disease-self-management-6-month-3x1fnwly6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-presents-the-adjusted-baseline-to-6-month-and-21toioil.png Table 3 presents the adjusted baseline-to-6-month and baseline-to-12-month changes in outcome variables for cancer survivor participants. At 6 months, cancer survivors who participated in CDSMP experienced significant improvements in self-rated general health, depression, and sleep. At 12 months, these three outcomes and six additional outcomes (communication with physician, medication compliance, pain, the number of days spent in poor physical health, the number of days spent in poor mental health, and the number of days kept from usual activities) improved significantly. Effect sizes for improved outcomes ranged from 0.21 to 0.28 at 6 months and from 0.14 to 0.33 at 12 months. There were no significant improvements observed in role function, quality of life, stress, or physical activity among cancer survivor participants at either time point. https://scispace.com/papers/naturalness-extra-empirical-theory-assessments-and-the-3fi98el01c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-density-function-f-y-for-y-x1-x2-where-3vqgh32m.png Figure 1: Probability density function f(y) for y = x1 − x2 where x1 and x2 are flatly distributed from 0 to 1. The peak of f(y) is at y = 0, which according to one interpretation calls into question the claim that small values of y in this case are unnatural. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-probability-density-function-of-g3-mz-if-g3-mh-11f6vmtl.png Figure 4: The probability density function of g3(MZ) if g3(MH) at MH = 10 15 GeV is assumed to be flatly distributed from 0 to √ 4π. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-flow-lines-for-flatly-distributed-g3-q-3q04awpt.png Figure 6: Probability flow lines for flatly distributed g3(Q) (unified coupling) at a scale of 2 × 1017 GeV evolved according to a strong non-asymptotically free GUT theory down to 1015 GeV and then evolved according to the Standard Model asymptotically free theory from 1015 GeV down to MZ , yielding enhanced probability density at its maximum IR value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-finetuning-computation-and-inverse-probability-of-y-320o598i.png Figure 2: Finetuning computation and inverse probability of |y| < ξ when y = x1−x2 with x1 and x2 flatly distributed from 0 to 1. The inverse probability of achieving very low values of |y| is correlated well, but not one-to-one, with finetuning in this example. xmax is defined to be max(x1, x2) in the computation for finetuning. The larger the xmax the higher the finetuning to achieve low |y|. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-density-function-f-y-for-y-xn-for-hrkwfq7u.png Figure 3: Probability density function f(y) for y = xn for different values of n and for x flatly distributed from 0 to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-flow-lines-for-the-g3-q-gauge-coupling-2nbj19bw.png Figure 5: Probability flow lines for the g3(Q) gauge coupling evolved from MH = 10 15 GeV to MZ . Equal spacing at MH indicates flat distribution (each value equally likely in the range), whereas the converging (diverging) of flow lines at MZ indicate increased (decreased) probability density of g3(MZ) at low (high) values. https://scispace.com/papers/nature-of-mixed-electrical-transport-in-ag2o-zno-p2o5-1j83qvzqkh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-and-experimental-data-for-xtmo-30-0-5x-buqeu3lv.png Table 1. Composition and experimental data for xTMO-(30-0.5x)Ag2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO 40P2O5 (TMO = WO3, MoO3) series of glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-raman-spectra-of-xwo3-30-0-5x-ag2o-30-0-5x-zno-2xi7pgva.png Fig. 2. (a) Raman spectra of xWO3-(30-0.5x)Ag2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5 series of glass and deconvolution of the Raman spectra for (b) Ag-10W and (c) Ag-40W in the 200-1400 cm-1 region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-complex-impedance-plots-for-selected-glasses-a-ag-10w-3co1v4bv.png Fig. 6. Complex impedance plots for selected glasses (a) Ag-10W, typical ionic plot; (b) 40P60W glass, typical polaronic plot and two cases of mixed composition ionic-TMO glasses (c) Ag-50W and (d) Ag-50Mo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-raman-spectra-of-xmoo3-30-0-5x-ag2o-30-0-5x-zno-1ai3mgzc.png Fig. 3. (a) Raman spectra of xMoO3-(30-0.5x)Ag2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5 series of glass and deconvolution of the Raman spectra for (b) Ag-10Mo and (c) Ag-40Mo in the 200-1400 cm-1 region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dc-conductivity-trends-at-various-temperatures-for-3sep4f1z.png Fig. 5. DC conductivity trends at various temperatures for investigated (a) Ag-W and (b) AgMo series of glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-raman-bands-and-their-assignment-19rvslqe.png Table 2. Raman bands and their assignment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-compositional-dependence-of-pre-exponential-factor-s0-hcry5rcc.png Fig. 8. Compositional dependence of pre-exponential factor, σ0*, plotted as a function of activation energy, EDC for series of glasses containing: (a) WO3 and (b) MoO3. Data for Li2O and Na2O containing glasses are from Ref [41]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-compositional-dependence-and-mutual-comparison-of-dc-hk39ucrq.png Fig. 7. Compositional dependence and mutual comparison of DC conductivity, σDC, at 303 K for (a) WO3 glass series (full squares) and (b) MoO3 glass series (open triangles) with Ag2O from this work and Li2O and Na2O from Ref [41]. https://scispace.com/papers/nature-of-the-isotope-effect-on-transport-in-tokamaks-54ujtzm0qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-isotope-mass-dependence-of-the-maximum-growth-rate-3hzvwm5n.png FIG. 3. The isotope mass dependence of the maximum growth rate, the corresponding real frequency and DTE heat diffusivity computed for plasma conditions in ITER-FEAT. The corresponding DTE perturbations have k p of 0:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-isotope-mass-dependence-of-dte-heat-diffusivity-16obcf0z.png FIG. 2. The isotope mass dependence of DTE heat diffusivity (solid curve) computed according to Eq. (4) for TEXTOR conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-k-dependences-of-the-growth-rate-and-the-real-j2h6kv0b.png FIG. 1. The k dependences of the growth rate and the real frequency !r for unstable DTE modes in plasmas of different hydrogen isotopes computed for RI-mode conditions in TEXTOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-k-dependences-of-the-dte-growth-rate-computed-for-8g36ontm.png FIG. 4. The k dependences of the DTE growth rate computed for ITER-FEAT plasmas with effective Ai 2:5 from a numerical solution of Eqs. (3) (solid curve) and calculated according to Eqs. (6) and (7) obtained in the limit of large collision frequency (broken curve). https://scispace.com/papers/navigating-congested-networks-with-variable-demand-16xkngc1k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-n-10-3giu1lq5.png Fig. 2B: n=20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-fig-1b-4r5d1trl.png Fig. 1A Fig. 1B https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-major-statistics-of-individual-route-choice-response-updknu75.png Table 2. Major statistics of individual route choice response measures for Game 1B-40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equilibrium-analysis-of-route-choice-and-travel-cost-3twaz44r.png Table 1. Equilibrium analysis of route choice and travel cost in Games 1A and 1B for variable network demand https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-n-20-3aplb3ff.png Fig. 2B: n=20 https://scispace.com/papers/nature-of-the-surface-intermediates-formed-from-methane-on-1hwnfh7z0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-zeolite-samples-2lo5fh0s.png Table 1. Properties of Zeolite Samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uv-vis-dr-spectra-of-cu-0-1-h-zsm-5-a-and-cu-1-4-h-1iyem9g9.png Figure 3. UV–vis DR spectra of Cu(0.1)/H-ZSM-5 (a) and Cu(1.4)/H-ZSM-5 (b) zeolite samples: as-prepared (black lines), after evacuation and treatment with O2 at 673K (red lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimized-structures-of-ch3oh-adsorbed-on-cu-i-site-23beagwi.png Figure 6. Optimized structures of CH3OH adsorbed on Cu(I) site (a), DME adsorbed on Cu(I) site (b), Cu–O(CH3)–Cu (c), Cu–(HOCH3)–Cu (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13c-cp-mas-nmr-spectra-of-methane-13c-a-c-and-3o9ucu62.png Figure 4. 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of methane-13C (a–c) and methanol-13C (d) adsorbed on Cu-containing zeolites and heated at 523 K for 1 h. Methane-13C was adsorbed on dehydrated and O2 treated Cu(0.1)/H-ZSM-5 (a) and Cu(1.4)/H-ZSM-5 (b), on only dehydrated Cu(1.4)/H-ZSM-5 (c). Methanol was adsorbed on dehydrated Cu(1.4)/H-ZSM-5 (d). All spectra were recorded at ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zsm-5-zeolite-framework-of-mfi-type-a-46-the-16dcp3do.png Figure 2. ZSM-5 zeolite framework of MFI type (a).46 The cluster fragment used to represent ZSM-5 zeolite framework (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-13c-cp-mas-nmr-spectrum-of-surface-intermediates-1n21hk42.png Figure 1. 13C CP/MAS NMR spectrum of surface intermediates formed from methane-13C adsorbed on a Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite. The sample was spun at 3.0 kHz. Asterisks (*) indicate spinning side bands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dft-predicted-and-experimentally-observed-chemical-1wt7idrs.png Table 2. DFT predicted and experimentally observed chemical shifts assigned to various methoxy-like species. https://scispace.com/papers/near-field-observation-of-surface-plasmon-polariton-1cw3ijmo9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pstm-images-of-the-1-0-um-wide-stripe-fig-2d-excited-1j7pum92.png FIG. 9. PSTM images of the 1.0 µm wide stripe (Fig. 2d) excited by an interface SPP. (a) Tip–sample distance around 350 nm. (b) Zoom taken over the area shown in Fig. 9a with a tip–sample distance smaller than 50 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-pstm-image-of-the-3-5-um-wide-stripe-the-stripe-end-3pial3ro.png FIG. 10. (a) PSTM image of the 3.5 µm wide stripe. The stripe end has been micro–structured to be triangular. The SSP mode excited on the stripe by direct illumination with the focused beam propagates from the top to the bottom of the image. The stripe end is shown by the white arrow. (b) Cross–cut of (a) along the y direction (x=0.0 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pstm-image-of-the-2-5-um-wide-stripe-excited-by-a-spp-3mltjuze.png FIG. 4. PSTM image of the 2.5 µm wide stripe excited by a SPP launched on the homogeneous thin film area. (a) The incident spot is located in front of the stripe. At the end of the stripe a scattering spot (white arrow) is visible. (b) The incident spot has been moved 15 µm in the y direction. The scanning area is the same than that of (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pstm-image-of-the-2-5-um-wide-stripe-when-the-plane-of-pppewkp1.png FIG. 5. PSTM image of the 2.5 µm wide stripe when the plane of incidence is rotated 45o with respect to the long axis of the stripe (the surface projection of the film edges and the stripe correspond to the white dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pstm-image-of-the-2-5-um-wide-stripe-see-fig-2b-tdoeic79.png FIG. 6. PSTM image of the 2.5 µm wide stripe (see Fig. 2b) excited as in Fig. 4a. (a) The tip–sample distance is about 350 nm. (b) The tip–sample distance has been reduced to 100 nm. (c) The tip–sample distance is less than 50 nm. The size of images (b) and (c) corresponds to the area indicated by the box shown respectively in (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cross-cuts-of-fig-6c-a-along-the-width-of-the-stripe-b-3m6xpo5b.png FIG. 7. Cross–cuts of Fig. 6c. (a) Along the width of the stripe. (b) Along the long axis of the stripe. The two cross–cuts lines are shown on Fig. 6c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-experimental-pstm-setup-pm-d2gxrv6h.png FIG. 1. Schematic view of the experimental PSTM setup. (PM): Photomultiplier, (I/V): Current/voltage amplifier, (details see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sem-image-of-the-silver-sample-designed-to-study-the-1syqeoor.png FIG. 2. (a) SEM image of the silver sample designed to study the coupling between interface SPP and the modes sustained by finite width thin metal films (stripes). Several stripes of different widths are connected to a large homogeneous thin film area of 250×250 µm2. Atomic force microscope images of the three stripes considered. (b) width=2.5 µm. (c) width=1.6 µm. (d) width=1.0 µm https://scispace.com/papers/near-infrared-spectra-of-arp-220-spatially-resolved-co-30jn61pjps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eight-spectra-extracted-from-the-long-slit-data-four-35xb1fns.png Fig. 2. Eight spectra extracted from the long-slit data. Four of these, (a)-(d), are taken from the northern slit which runs through the two near-infrared nuclei. The remaining four spectra, (e)-(h), are taken from the southern slit which runs parallel to the northern slit but displaced 2.0" to the south. All spectra are plotted on a linear (rest wavelength), log (relative flux density per unit wavelength interval) scale. The northern slit spectra are each 0.45" wide, while the southern slit spectra are each 0.75" wide. The centroids of the spectra are shown in the upper right of each plot, with displacements in right ascension measured from the position of the western infrared nucleus. The positions of the H2 [1-0 5(1)] and 5 y emission lines and the CO absorption band are marked in (c), the spectrum extracted from the position coincident with the western infrared nucleus. Although not marked, the 1-0 Q branch lines of H2 are visible in the 2.4-2.45 Atm region. The proximity of these lines to the edge of the band makes any quantitative measurements difficult. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continued-5oqvp5bf.png Fig. 2. Eight spectra extracted from the long-slit data. Four of these, (a)-(d), are taken from the northern slit which runs through the two near-infrared nuclei. The remaining four spectra, (e)-(h), are taken from the southern slit which runs parallel to the northern slit but displaced 2.0" to the south. All spectra are plotted on a linear (rest wavelength), log (relative flux density per unit wavelength interval) scale. The northern slit spectra are each 0.45" wide, while the southern slit spectra are each 0.75" wide. The centroids of the spectra are shown in the upper right of each plot, with displacements in right ascension measured from the position of the western infrared nucleus. The positions of the H2 [1-0 5(1)] and 5 y emission lines and the CO absorption band are marked in (c), the spectrum extracted from the position coincident with the western infrared nucleus. Although not marked, the 1-0 Q branch lines of H2 are visible in the 2.4-2.45 Atm region. The proximity of these lines to the edge of the band makes any quantitative measurements difficult. https://scispace.com/papers/negative-mood-state-impairs-false-memory-priming-when-fw9zezk0db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-solution-rates-as-a-function-of-mood-condition-1blmg55k.png Figure 1. Mean solution rates as a function of mood condition and prime type. Error bars represent standard error (SE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-solution-times-as-a-function-of-mood-condition-ok71kizi.png Table 1. Mean solution times as a function of mood condition and prime type (primed vs. unprimed). https://scispace.com/papers/negotiation-of-meaning-in-desktop-videoconferencing-3ejweglbb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-whiteboard-contents-of-session-three-with-2smurbpr.png Fig. 2. The whiteboard contents of session three with Participant A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-set-1-gm2ifydn.png Table A.1 Set 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-set-3-5tzp21wi.png Table A.3 Set 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-model-for-analysing-an-occasion-of-interactional-2vd1j0e5.png Fig. 1. A model for analysing an occasion of interactional modification during task. Completion. Note: This figure presents a modified version of the Varonis and Gass (1985: 74) model with the negotiation routine shown vertically; this better represents the negotiation process of an occasion of interactional modification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-set-2-1p4xhu87.png Table A.2 Set 2 https://scispace.com/papers/neighbor-selection-and-weighting-in-user-based-collaborative-300vt3dyng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-comparison-for-user-based-predictors-and-302dfekf.png Fig. 3. Performance comparison for user-based predictors and different neighborhood sizes in the Yahoo! dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-comparison-using-user-item-and-user-user-23yaek3v.png Fig. 4. Performance comparison using user-item and user-user predictors for different neighborhood sizes in Yahoo!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-the-studied-neighbor-quality-metrics-2bl4l11e.png Table I. Overview of the studied neighbor quality metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-spearmans-correlation-between-the-user-neighbor-1nqdvmj4.png Table IX. Spearman’s correlation between the user-neighbor goodness and user-user predictors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-performance-comparison-for-user-based-predictors-and-3n4qbq13.png Fig. 1. Performance comparison for user-based predictors and different neighborhood sizes in MovieLens 1M. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-pearsons-correlation-between-quality-metrics-and-231416w0.png Table V. Pearson’s correlation between quality metrics and performance predictors in the MovieLens 1M dataset. All the values are significant for a -value of . https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-spearmans-correlation-between-quality-metrics-and-1hlgbxxa.png Table IV. Spearman’s correlation between quality metrics and performance predictors in the MovieLens 100K dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-detail-of-the-accuracy-in-movielens-1m-of-baseline-1urcqu6q.png Table X. Detail of the accuracy in MovieLens 1M of baseline vs. recommendation using neighbor weighting; here, performance predictors are used as similarity scores (50 neighbors). https://scispace.com/papers/nematoda-from-the-terrestrial-deep-subsurface-of-south-34gryl6662 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nematode-characteristics-3l41izjb.png Table 2. Nematode characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geochemical-isotopic-and-nematode-results-1fuqhc0g.png Table 1. Geochemical, isotopic and nematode results https://scispace.com/papers/neoliberalism-and-right-wing-populism-conceptual-analogies-j62rkk5blp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conceptual-analogies-between-right-wing-populism-and-kkg74pq8.png Table 1: Conceptual analogies between right-wing populism and marketfundamentalism https://scispace.com/papers/neoproterozoic-stratigraphic-comparison-of-the-lesser-265bv395ap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generalized-neoproterozoic-stratigraphy-and-plc5jfd5.png Figure 2. Generalized Neoproterozoic stratigraphy and regional stratigraphic cross sections for Lesser Himalaya, India (A) and south China (B). Numbered sections are located in Figure 1. A1: Jaunsar and Simla Groups. NT—Nagthat Formation; CH—Chandpur Formation. U-Pb age of 823 6 5 Ma is from Singh et al. (2002). A2: Glaciogenic Blaini Formation. A3: Infra Krol Formation and Krol Group. AC—phosphoritechert nodules containing acanthomorph acritarchs and cyanobacteria Salome hubeiensis; E—interval of reported Ediacaran fossils; SS— small shelly fossils; N1, N2—negative d13C excursions; Gr—Group. Circled numbers 1–8 locate regional discontinuities and karstic and/or erosional unconformities. B1: Liantuo Formation (LT) and Banxi Group. WQ—Wuqiangxi Formation; MD—Madiyi Formation. LJX–SB— Lengjiaxi and Sibao Groups. U-Pb ages of 819 6 7 Ma and 748 6 12 Ma are from Ma et al. (1984). B2: Glaciogenic and associated units. B3: Doushantuo and Dengying Formations. Symbols and numbers as in A3. https://scispace.com/papers/nested-boron-nitride-and-carbon-boron-nitride-nanocones-3fcy47wkc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equilibrium-distance-z-a-between-two-vertices-and-1i0t56ya.png Table 2: Equilibrium distance Z (Å) between two vertices and the perpendicular distance x (Å) for boron nitride cones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-potential-energy-against-the-distance-z-between-two-3otmvo39.png Fig. 4 Potential energy against the distance Z between two vertices for boron nitride cones when the outer cone angle a ¼ 19.28 and the inner cone angles a ¼ 38.98, 60.08, 83.68 and 112.98 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-equilibrium-distance-z-a-between-two-vertices-and-2i65et2j.png Table 3: Equilibrium distance Z (Å) between two vertices and the perpendicular distance x (Å) for carbon-boron nitride cones https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lennard-jones-constants-39iaayng.png Table 1: Lennard-Jones constants https://scispace.com/papers/net-fiscal-flows-and-interregional-redistribution-in-italy-a-17xmlpf9mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regional-relative-per-capita-net-fiscal-flows-1951-2jy96srw.png Figure 5. Regional relative per capita Net Fiscal Flows 1951-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-macro-regions-net-fiscal-flows-in-italy-averages-3f5nqfya.png Table 2. Macro-regions’ net fiscal flows in Italy, averages, 1951-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regional-net-fiscal-flows-in-italy-average-values-1x4j6apy.png Table 1. Regional net fiscal flows in Italy, average values, 1951-2010, billions of 2010 Euros. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-pechman-and-okner-index-of-redistribution-1951-f6bp4wbr.png Figure 6. The Pechman and Okner index of redistribution, 1951-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-redistributive-power-and-income-elasticity-of-nffs-q7ecm5qr.png Table 10. Redistributive power and income elasticity of NFFs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-capital-public-expenditure-in-mezzogiorno-of-total-35w9f5da.png Table 9. Capital public expenditure in Mezzogiorno (% of total capital public expenditure, 2001- 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-financial-resources-devoted-to-regional-policies-in-2461taro.png Table 8. Financial resources devoted to regional policies in Italy 1951-1998 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-macro-regions-nffs-2010-billion-euros-1951-2010-33dfj4ja.png Figure 1b. Macro-regions’ NFFs (2010 billion Euros), 1951-2010, Kernel Smoothing https://scispace.com/papers/network-connectivity-under-node-failure-8l4yjwucn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-node-failure-vs-link-failure-an-illustration-2mnbpjgv.png Figure 1: Node failure vs link failure: An illustration https://scispace.com/papers/network-stack-specialization-for-performance-35eipfricx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-selection-of-libtcpip-and-libnmio-apis-1qkxudto.png Table 1: A selection of libtcpip and libnmio APIs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sandstorm-throughput-vs-file-sizes-and-number-of-prw8z9u4.png Figure 4: Sandstorm throughput vs. file sizes and number of NICs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-network-throughput-and-cpu-utilization-vs-number-of-1npkwhfq.png Figure 5: Network throughput and CPU utilization vs. number of NICs while serving a Yahoo! CDN-like workload. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sandstorm-memory-read-throughput-6-nics-3izm685v.png Figure 9: Sandstorm memory read throughput, 6 NICs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sandstorm-high-level-architecture-view-1hqhc9hg.png Figure 1: Sandstorm high-level architecture view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-namestorm-performance-measurements-6xh0tcld.png Figure 8: Namestorm performance measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sandstorm-throughput-and-cpu-utilization-vs-3mcv8kks.png Figure 6: Sandstorm throughput and CPU utilization vs. variable number of NICs and file sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-network-throughput-1-nic-23kb-file-old-hardware-oseqhq25.png Figure 7: Network throughput, 1 NIC, ~23KB file, old hardware. https://scispace.com/papers/neural-networks-revisited-for-proper-name-retrieval-from-2r46mywftk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-computation-of-the-cosine-similarity-3vtwb0un.png Figure 1: Example of computation of the cosine-similarity metric of an OOV_PN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mikolovs-skip-gram-neural-network-standard-case-2y71p5es.png Figure 2: Mikolov’s skip-gram neural network. Standard case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pner-for-standard-and-modified-cases-according-to-34hgm7bf.png Table 6. PNER (%) for standard and modified cases according to time duration period. Skip-gram model. Hierarchical softmax for standard case and negative sampling for modified case. Values averaged on the 7 audio files. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recall-for-standard-case-according-to-time-duration-1gv0tm9q.png Table 4. Recall (%) for standard case according to time duration period for audio corpus. Negative sampling. Values averaged on the 7 audio files. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recall-for-standard-and-modified-cases-according-to-2v0u4osc.png Table 3. Recall (%) for standard and modified cases according to time duration period for audio corpus. Values averaged on the 7 audio files. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-recall-for-standard-and-modified-cases-according-to-2urr8i4g.png Table 5. Recall (%) for standard and modified cases according to time duration period for audio corpus. Hierarchical softmax (HS) for standard case and negative sampling (NS) for modified case. Values averaged on the 7 audio files. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-proper-name-coverage-for-audio-corpus-per-3av8f7gj.png Table 1. Average proper name coverage for audio corpus per file. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-results-for-audio-corpus-according-to-time-10ei3rtk.png Table 2. Baseline results for audio corpus according to time periods. Values averaged on the 7 audio files. https://scispace.com/papers/neural-networks-vs-gaussian-process-regression-for-3jk74jchcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-rmse-in-cm-1-of-the-first-50-and-100-vibrational-3f0fol7d.png Table 2. The RMSE (in cm-1) of the first 50 and 100 vibrational levels of H2CO with respect to reference levels. Npts = 625 for both the NN and GP surfaces. For all levels except the ZPE, errors of differences from ZPEs are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rmse-test-errors-computed-on-120000-points-of-the-ayw9xo70.png Table 1. RMSE (test errors computed on 120,000 points) of the PES obtained with the NN and GP methods for different numbers of (symmetry unique) fitting points Npts, with single NN/GP fits and with a committee of 10 fits (<10 NN/GP>). The NN RMSE values separated by “/” are for 100/150/250 neurons per NN for 2,500 points, 70/100/150 neurons per NN for 1,250 points 50/75/100 neurons for 625 points, and 20/30/40/50 neurons for 313 points. The values are in cm1. https://scispace.com/papers/neurenteric-cyst-at-the-dorsal-craniocervical-junction-in-a-4ry19myggm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-review-of-published-dorsally-located-neurenteric-1uvmgi4o.png Table 1. Review of published dorsally located neurenteric cysts in the posterior fossa or craniocervical junction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sagittal-t1-left-and-t2-right-weighted-magnetic-1krbjskz.png Figure 1. Sagittal T1 (left) and T2 (right) weighted magnetic resonance images showing a dorsally located cystic lesion extending from the level of the medulla oblongata to C3, that is hypointense in T1-weighted image and hyperintense in T2-weighted image. https://scispace.com/papers/neuroanatomical-underpinning-of-diffusion-kurtosis-476xdcc9if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-representative-mk-map-in-a-corresponding-coronal-uyy2xzil.png Figure 4: A representative MK map in a corresponding coronal slice for each of all six postmortem macaque brains included in this study. Relatively higher MK at the prefrontal/precentral-postcentral cortex (indicated by red arrow) and relatively lower MK at the temporal cortex (indicated by yellow arrow) was reproducible across all 6 scanned macaque brains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coronal-mk-maps-from-anterior-to-posterior-from-a-1gr9ml2q.png Figure 3: Coronal MK maps from anterior to posterior from a representative macaque brain (sample #1). Significant MK difference is clear between the temporal cortex (blue regions pointed by white arrows) and prefrontal/precentral-postcentral cortex (yellow-green regions pointed by white arrows). The color bar encodes MK values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-significant-linear-correlation-between-mk-and-nd-33j932wx.png Figure 7: Significant linear correlation between MK and ND measurements at ROIs of a representative macaque brain (sample #1). a. MK map of a representative coronal slice. b. Corresponding three neurofilament-stained histological slices matching thickness of the MK map. c-d. Enlarged red and green ROIs show denser staining in the red box than in the green box. e. Three ND maps calculated from the three histological slices in panel b. f. With MK and ND measurements at the 8 corresponding ROIs demonstrated in panels a (black circles), b (black circles) and e (white circles), statistically significant (P<0.005) linear correlation was found between MK and ND. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-resolution-diffusion-tensor-imaging-dti-and-ag6zye20.png Figure 2: High resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) maps from a representative macaque brain (sample #2). First two rows show DTI parameter maps, including fractional anisotropy (FA), color-encoded, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) map, along with the averaged diffusion-weighted image (aDWI). Third row shows DKI parameter maps, including axial kurtosis (AK), radial kurtosis (RK), and mean kurtosis (MK) maps. MK map shown in the yellow box was used for comparison with histology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-reproducibly-significantly-higher-p-0-00005-328oaytm.png Figure 6: a. Reproducibly significantly higher (P<0.00005, Bonferroni corrected) cortical MK measurements at regions of interest (ROI) in the prefrontal/precentral-postcentral cortex than cortical MK measurements at ROI in the temporal cortex across all 6 macaque brain samples. MK measurements from ROI in the prefrontal/precentral-postcentral and temporal cortex were plotted for each sample as blue and orange boxplots, respectively. To match the thickness of MK coronal plane, ND measurements from the corresponding ROI on three histology slices were plotted alongside. Significant higher (P<0.00001) ND measurements in corresponding prefrontal/precentral-postcentral cortex than ND measurements in corresponding temporal cortex, shown on the right, were consistent with MK measurements. b. Cortical FA measurements at the same ROIs in the prefrontal/precentral-postcentral and temporal cortex across all 6 macaque brain samples showed no consistent differences between FA values in different cortical ROIs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-evaluating-relationship-between-mean-30obodq3.png Figure 1: Flowchart of evaluating relationship between mean kurtosis (MK) and histology in the cerebral cortex. The flow chart consists of three technical components, estimation of MK maps in the left panel, calculation of neurofilament density (ND) in the right panel and systematic and quantitative comparison between MK and ND map. For kurtosis estimation in the left panel, the procedures included from top to bottom acquisition of diffusion weighted images (DWIs) with multiple b-value, linear registration of DWIs to the b0 image, constrained linear kurtosis fitting with registered DWI volumes to generate kurtosis maps including MK maps and upsampling of MK maps. For ND estimation in the right panel, the procedures included contrast inversion, calculation of anisotropy index (AI) for each pixel with structure tensor analysis, thresholding, blocking histological image at the similar resolution to upsampled diffusion MRI, and calculation of ND with the equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-comparison-between-mk-and-nd-map-in-2980w853.png Figure 5: Qualitative comparison between MK and ND map in four different coronal slices 1, 2, 3 and 4 from a representative macaque brain (sample #2). In each panel, top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right shows aDWI, corresponding histology image, MK map and ND map, respectively. aDWI is shown as an anatomical reference. High MK value in the prefrontal/precentral-postcentral cortical regions is consistent to high ND value at corresponding locations indicated by pink arrow, while low MK value in the temporal cortical regions is consistent to low ND value at corresponding locations indicated by yellow arrows. The color bar and grayscale bar encode MK and ND values, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/neuroendocrine-and-immune-markers-of-maternal-stress-during-s3d1lbx8ko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-sd-and-ranges-for-all-19yeyatq.png Table 1 – Means, Standard Deviations (SD) and Ranges for all study variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-correlations-among-study-variables-wu1f8881.png Table 2 – Bivariate correlations among study variables https://scispace.com/papers/neuroimaging-the-sleeping-brain-insight-on-memory-1r1ezd1wdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-future-directions-21jns7ud.png Table 1 Summary of future directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-functional-mri-analysis-for-recent-memory-group-17nmvqbq.png Fig. 1. Functional MRI analysis for recent memory. Group analyses were constrained to the left (LH) and right hippocampus (RH) using ageappropriate hippocampal templates and a cluster thresholding process (z = 2.30, cluster corrected, P< 0.025). (A) These analyses isolated active bilateral clusters for the memory (target + reversed)> novel contrast (left, max: x = −26, y = −33, z = 1; 1839 voxels; right, max: x = 23, y = −27, z = 1; 1,107 voxels). (B and C) Mean parameter estimates (PE) were extracted for the T>N contrast. The relation between PE (y axis) for T>N in the RH and the number of correct items in our two behavioral measures (x axis), room choice (B) [r = 0.43, t(19) = 2.10, P = 0.049, d = 0.77] and the composite memory measure (C) (ρ = 0.60, P = 0.004) was significant. Adapted from “Memory-Related Hippocampal Activation in the Sleeping Toddler.” By J. Prabhakar, E. G. Johnson, C.W. Nordahl, and S. Ghetti, 2018, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(25), p. 6502. Copyright 2018 National Academy of Sciences. Adapted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-preliminary-functional-clusters-in-the-hippocampus-for-rvlchuhh.png Fig. 2. Preliminary functional clusters in the hippocampus for remote memory. Contrast comparison of previously heard song to a novel song resulted in two clusters in the right hippocampus [Z>1.97, no cluster correction (Cluster 1, max: x = 18, y = −17, z =−9; 19 voxels) (Cluster 2, max: x = 18, y = −11, z = −13; 10 voxels)]. (A) Sagittal view, x = 18; (B) Coronal view, y = −11. https://scispace.com/papers/neuronal-distribution-across-the-cerebral-cortex-of-the-13xwzmcfci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-neuronal-densities-in-layer-1-in-areas-of-39hb1slh.png Table 2: Average neuronal densities in layer 1 in areas of the marmoset cortex https://scispace.com/papers/neuromarketing-as-an-emotional-connection-tool-between-4xkjize1a4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-291g5kpn.png TABLE 1 | Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-on-neuromarketing-and-emotions-in-social-1wmn4mz1.png TABLE 1 | Continued https://scispace.com/papers/neurotoxic-neuroprotective-profile-of-carbamazepine-p490v4tux5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lack-of-protective-effect-of-nmda-or-ampa-receptor-2stby9ol.png Fig. 5. Lack of protective effect of NMDA or AMPA receptor antagonists Ž .on neuronal degeneration caused by carbamazepine CBZ; 300 mM . Ž .NMDA receptor antagonist-MK-801 10 mM ; AMPA receptor antagoŽ .nist-LY 303070 LY; 15 mM . The results represent the means"S.E.M. of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate, and are presented as percentages of MTT reduction, compared to control condiŽ . ) ) )tions no drug treatment . P -0.05, P -0.01 — Significantly different from control; Dunnett’s post-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-activation-of-caspase-3-like-enzymes-in-cultured-2icfeq4y.png Fig. 4. Activation of caspase-3-like enzymes in cultured hippocampal Ž .neurons exposed to antiepileptic drugs. The concentration in mM of Ž . Ž .BIA 2-024, BIA 2-093, oxcarbazepine OXC or carbamazepine CBZ is indicated below the corresponding bars. The results are presented as Ž .percentages of control no treatment , using arbitrary fluorescence units at an excitation wavelength of 390 nm, and represent the means"S.E.M. of at least three independent experiments. ) ) P -0.01 — Significantly different from control; Dunnett’s post-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quantification-of-apoptotic-hippocampal-neurons-1hijm4na.png Fig. 3. Quantification of apoptotic hippocampal neurons exposed to Ž .antiepileptic drugs for 24 h. The concentration in mM of BIA 2-093, Ž . Ž .BIA 2-024, carbamazepine CBZ or oxcarbazepine OXC is indicated below the corresponding bars. The results are presented as percentages of apoptotic neurons, and represent the means"S.E.M. of at least three independent experiments. ) P -0.05, ) ) P -0.01 — Significantly different from control; Dunnett’s post-test. https://scispace.com/papers/neutral-and-cationic-bis-chelate-monoorganosilicon-iv-25t99hqxjl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-distances-a-and-angles-deg-for-4-5-and-20eqfd4m.png Table 2. Selected Bond Distances (Å) and Angles (°) for 4, 5, and 6. None of the C-N, N-O, and C-O bond lengths can be represented accurately due to C/N site disorder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-three-weak-c-h-cl-intermolecular-contacts-in-4-1ktisvdv.png Figure 8. Three weak C—H∙∙∙Cl intermolecular contacts in 4. Contact distances and angles are given in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1h-nmr-spectra-of-dmso-only-in-cdcl3-a-and-of-4-1fzjzmxj.png Figure 10. 1H NMR spectra of DMSO only in CDCl3 (A) and of 4⋅CH2Cl2 in CDCl3 with added DMSO (B = 0 equiv.; C = 1 equiv.; D = 2 equiv.; E = 4 equiv.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-distances-a-and-angles-deg-for-1-2-3-9-2yoi28dm.png Table 1. Selected Bond Distances (Å) and Angles (°) for 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10. None of the C-N, NO, and C-O bond lengths can be represented accurately due to C/N site disorder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-ellipsoid-plot-of-1-at-the-50-probability-2i4hkb5z.png Figure 2. Thermal ellipsoid plot of 1 at the 50% probability level with hydrogen atoms omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thermal-ellipsoid-plot-of-4-at-the-50-probability-2wkxd35n.png Figure 5. Thermal ellipsoid plot of 4 at the 50% probability level with hydrogen atoms omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-ellipsoid-plot-of-5-at-the-50-probability-2mff5ond.png Figure 6. Thermal ellipsoid plot of 5 at the 50% probability level with hydrogen atoms omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-partial-variable-temperature-1h-nmr-spectra-of-4-1btg0jum.png Figure 13. Partial variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra of 4 in DMSO-d6. https://scispace.com/papers/neutron-scattering-studies-of-nanomagnetism-and-artificially-d6qyhrcrjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-32repwv5.png Figure 18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-22acasi9.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-65v0obvy.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-485rycqb.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2gs58qi9.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3lfzmfkg.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-2ev93aw5.png Figure 17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-37i31lcs.png Figure 6(a) https://scispace.com/papers/neutronic-calculations-for-a-new-high-flux-reactor-42dv4ofl0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-also-shows-results-corrssponding-to-the-ideal-case-3dt40e0x.png Table I also shows results corrssponding to the ideal case of a point source of fission neutrons, in all cases the sources were scaled according to the energy release per fission. The required powers to produce a specified flux predicted by the analytical model were compared with the predictions of the numerical model described in Section III. We found an excellent agreement (discrepancies around 1%). The flux-to-power ratio is then determined by the eight parameters Ll, Di, Tl, L2, T>2, XI, V and d. Table I (column F) shows that the combined effect of large power density (i.e. small core volumes) and large neutron ages (i.e. bad moderators) results in a large fraction of the fission neutrons being moderated in the reflector; these neutrons are trapped there provided we use a thick and low absorbing reflector. The idealized case of a point source gives the minimum power required to create a neutron field with a fission source. https://scispace.com/papers/neutrino-flux-prediction-for-the-numi-beamline-4m4em4miq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-20-material-traversed-by-particles-in-the-numi-3o21zy1g.png FIG. 2.20: Material traversed by particles in the NuMI beamline for νµ flux passing through MINERvA in the LE010z185i configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-28-thin-target-weights-for-charged-pions-1vxf7m1b.png FIG. 4.28: Thin target weights for charged pions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-11-interaction-map-for-nu-in-nova-1qsqazq6.png FIG. A.11: Interaction map for νµ in NOvA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-8-comparison-between-gen2-thin-and-the-flugg-nu-flux-1vt25jga.png FIG. 7.8: Comparison between Gen2-thin and the FLUGG νµ flux NOvA ND. The error bar comes from the Gen2-thin hadron production uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-13-the-importance-of-secondary-interactions-these-2k7gpr0j.png FIG. 4.13: The importance of secondary interactions: these plots show the average number of inelastic interactions per π+ and K+ that exit the target using MIPP binning for pZ in 20-80 GeV/c according to our flux simulation. pZ and pT are the momentum of the π+ and K+ when they exited the target. The hashed bins represent regions where there are no data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-9-nu-flux-gen2-thin-vs-generation-0-1s6vke61.png FIG. 6.9: ν̄µ flux Gen2-thin vs Generation 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-9-muon-and-electron-neutrino-parents-in-nova-lvp77gqu.png FIG. A.9: Muon and electron neutrino parents in NOvA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-31-na49-statistical-uncertainties-for-charged-kaon-3qtcgd1b.png FIG. 4.31: NA49 statistical uncertainties for charged kaon production. https://scispace.com/papers/neutrophil-activation-in-septic-acute-kidney-injury-a-post-1vnknsdba1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-and-clinical-outcome-by-1gxdrhik.png Table 1. Patient characteristics and clinical outcome by acute kidney injury (AKI). https://scispace.com/papers/neutrophilic-inflammation-in-the-pathogenesis-of-chronic-4yxnnzkrua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-contents-of-human-neutrophil-granules-and-2jqly9cd.png Table 1. The contents of human neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phagosome-maturation-the-neutrophil-nadph-oxidase-it0dql9k.png Figure 2 Phagosome Maturation. The neutrophil NADPH oxidase machinery, activated by delivery of its membrane-bound components to the phagosome, pumps electrons into the phagosomal space to generate toxic ROS. Membrane trafficking allows delivery of primary and secondary granules to the phagosomal membrane, which release a variety of microbicidal proteins into the phagosomal space. MPO released from primary granules reacts with ROS to further produce highly toxic substances . Adapted from(112). All abbreviations given in text if appropriate. https://scispace.com/papers/new-application-method-for-entomopathogenic-nematode-53thesw49q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trap-experiment-timeline-18swfzw6.png Figure 2. Trap experiment timeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-trap-system-that-contains-the-reservoir-and-2f09e590.png Figure 1. The trap system that contains the reservoir and fabric inoculated with the EPNs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mortality-of-heterorhabditis-bacteriophora-hbh-cio534i3.png Figure 4. Mortality of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH strain in the doses of 5000, 25000 and 50000 IJs per trap (F = 66.7; df = 8, 18; P > 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mortality-of-locusta-migratoria-in-the-doses-of-2g19gama.png Figure 3. Mortality of Locusta migratoria in the doses of 5000, 25000 and 50000 IJs of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH strain on days 3, 17 and 32 (F = 35.3; df = 11, 24; P > 0.0001). https://scispace.com/papers/new-approach-to-suppress-mutual-coupling-between-44tdag138f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radiation-patterns-at-operating-frequencies-of-0-5-and-6u7ld5wu.png Fig. 4. Radiation patterns at operating frequencies of 0.5 and 1.0 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maximum-gain-plot-versus-frequency-qh3cv6np.png Fig. 5. Maximum gain plot versus frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-radiation-patterns-of-the-reference-and-proposed-2l7e7s78.png Fig. 6. Radiation patterns of the reference and proposed substrate integrated waveguide longitudinal slotted array antenna without (WO) and with (W) metal fences in E- and H- planes at 0.5 and 1 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-and-proposed-substrate-integrated-waveguide-1zm0hft1.png Fig. 1. Reference and proposed substrate integrated waveguide slotted array antennas (SIWSAAs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-s-parameters-specifications-1ehxqxv0.png TABLE I. S-PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-input-impedances-and-admittances-1-of-the-proposed-113xbg91.png Fig. 3. Input impedances (Ω) and admittances (1/Ω) of the proposed substrate integrated waveguide slotted array antenna with metallic fences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s-parameter-performances-s11-and-s12-of-the-reference-3se2z3im.png Fig. 2. S-parameter performances (S11 and S12) of the reference and proposed SIWSAA. https://scispace.com/papers/new-adsorption-cycles-for-carbon-dioxide-capture-and-2aeawayku8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-48-non-equilibrium-dynamic-adsorption-and-desorption-2gnrrvs3.png Figure 48. Non-equilibrium dynamic adsorption and desorption isotherms (thin lines) at 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 oC for CO2 on a K-promoted HTlc at the periodic state, with each isotherm from Figure 2 normalized to zero CO2 loading at 65 torr; and non-equilibrium dynamic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-performance-curves-from-the-5-bed-5-step-stripping-2txs5x99.png Figure 22. Performance curves from the 5-bed 5-step stripping PSA cycle with LR and HR from CnD (Figure 1a) for γ = a) 0.02, b) 0.10, and c) 0.50. Each line corresponds to three runs with ts increasing from right to left (ts = 100, 300, and 500 s). Symbols: filled squares – θ = 5.8 (QF = 0.5); filled triangles – θ = 11.5 (QF = 1.0); filled circles – θ = 34.6 (QF = 3.0); empty squares – θ = 57.6 (QF = 5.0). The performance curves from the corresponding stripping PSA cycle with LR, HR from CnD, and with REC or F+R were essentially the same (not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-the-performance-curves-obtained-from-1dp0lfic.png Figure 16. Comparison of the performance curves obtained from the 5-bed 5-step stripping PSA cycle with LR and HR from LR purge for the cases with original (ka = 0.0058 s-1 and kd = 0.0006 s-1) and equal (ka = 0.0058 s-1 and kd = 0.0058 s-1) mass transfer coefficients. γ = 0.5, RR = 0.8, and ts = 500 s. Each line corresponds to five runs with πT increasing from left to right (πT = 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12). Lines: bold – θ or QF (in parentheses) = 34.6 (3.00); thin – θ or QF (in parentheses) = 46.1 (4.00); dashed – θ or QF (in parentheses) = 57.6 (5.00); dotted – θ or QF (in parentheses) = 69.2 (6.00); dot-and-dash – θ or QF (in parentheses) = 80.7 (7.00); dot-dot-dash – θ or QF (in parentheses) = 92.2 (8.00) L STP/hr/kg (L STP/min). Symbols: filled squares – base case mass transfer coefficients (ka = 0.0058 s-1 and kd = 0.0006 s-1); empty triangles – equal mass transfer coefficients (ka = 0.0058 s-1 and kd = 0.0058 s-1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-best-performance-achieved-based-on-highest-co2-1aodj12j.png Table 4. Best performance achieved based on highest CO2 purity obtained for a given stripping PSA cycle configuration and set of corresponding conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-diagrams-and-cycle-sequencing-of-a-the-5-q3iz8u1c.png Figure 12. Schematic diagrams and cycle sequencing of a) the 5-bed 5-step stripping PSA cycle with LR and HR from LR purge and b) the 4-bed 4-step stripping PSA cycle with HR from CnD. F = feed; CnD = countercurrent depressurization; LR = light reflux; HR = heavy reflux; LPP = light product pressurization; PL = low pressure; PH = high pressure; LP = light product; HP=heavy product; T=tank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-performance-curves-for-the-4-bed-4-2mkc1yeb.png Figure 6. Comparison of performance curves for the 4-bed 4-step stripping PSA cycle with light reflux for θ or QF (in parentheses) = a) 7.2 (0.5), b) 14.4 (1.0), c) 21.6 (1.5), d) 28.8 (2.0), e) 36.0 (2.5), and f) 43.2 (3.0) L STP/hr/kg (L STP/min). Each line corresponds to three runs with ts increasing from right to left (ts = 100, 300 and 500 s). Lines: bold – πT = 4; thin – πT = 6; dashed – πT = 8; dotted – πT = 10; dot-and-dash – πT = 12. Symbols: filled squares – γ = 1.50; filled triangles – γ = 1.25; filled circles – γ = 1.00; empty squares – γ = 0.75; empty triangles – γ = 0.50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-curves-for-a-feed-flow-rate-of-1-0-l-nzstmt84.png Figure 4. Performance curves for a feed flow rate of 1.0 L STP/min (θ = 14.4 L STP/hr/kg) and purge to feed ratios (γ) of 0.50 (bold line), 0.75 (thin line), 1.00 (dashed line), 1.25 (dotted line), and 1.5 (dot-and-dash). Each line corresponds to five runs with ts increasing from right to left. Each family of lines of constant γ corresponds to πT increasing as their fan spreads from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-the-purge-to-feed-ratio-g-and-cycle-step-11rp9pnz.png Figure 3. Effect of the purge to feed ratio (γ) and cycle step time (ts) on the process performance in terms of the (a) CO2 recovery (R) and (b) CO2 enrichment (E). Results from 25 simulations are shown with πT = 8 and θ = 14.4 L STP/hr/kg. https://scispace.com/papers/new-data-on-southern-euboean-landscapes-results-of-the-4j1pfu0glf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-nask-area-in-the-karystia-southern-ndfhfxgc.png Figure 1. Location of the NASK area in the Karystia, southern Euboea. Map by R.M. Seifried. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-off-site-ceramics-collected-during-1xrjx543.png Figure 3. Distribution of off-site ceramics collected during transect survey, generalized in 1- ha tessellations. Finds collected during intensive findspot survey are not shown. Unsurveyed areas are absent of tessellations. Map by R.M. Seifried. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-spatial-and-temporal-distribution-of-dated-vases-8pf9fkwo.png Figure 18. Spatial and temporal distribution of dated vases/sherds from historic periods. Chart by A. Laftsidis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-fragments-of-a-red-figure-krater-and-b-stamped-1q89k742.png Figure 16. Fragments of (A) red-figure krater and (B) stamped amphora handle. Photos by A. Laftsidis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-copper-axe-found-at-findspot-8-9-gourimadi-drawing-2mpp4l6t.png Figure 9. Copper axe found at findspot 8/9 Gourimadi. Drawing by A. Djordjevic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-distribution-of-off-site-slag-collected-during-2ourhad9.png Figure 20. Distribution of off-site slag collected during transect survey, generalized in 1-ha tessellations. Finds collected during intensive findspot survey are not shown. Unsurveyed areas are absent of tessellations. Map by R.M. Seifried. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fragments-of-a-plate-with-rouletting-decoration-b-ob2h94nm.png Figure 11. Fragments of (A) plate with rouletting decoration, (B) lamp, (C) Attic-type skyphos, and (D) Classical-type kantharos. Photos by A. Laftsidis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-findspots-identified-during-nask-according-to-broad-2la31dbr.png Figure 5. Findspots identified during NASK according to broad chronological period. Map by R.M. Seifried. https://scispace.com/papers/new-constraints-on-the-magnetization-of-the-cosmic-web-using-dg0cx69d14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-in-the-rm-difference-rm-between-17nvrpzt.png Table 1. Summary of results in the RM difference ( RM) between pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-of-the-coordinates-angular-separation-and-rm-37f55sic.png Table 2. Table of the coordinates, angular separation and RM values of all sources in the sample. The ID column indicates classification as a random or physical pair with the ‘r’ or ‘p’ suffix. The nominal RM error value does not include the error from the ionosphere RM correction, and thus is only valid in the case of taking the difference in RM between pairs in this catalogue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ecdfs-of-the-squared-difference-in-rm-rm-2-in-units-2hqhpocd.png Figure 4. ECDFs of the squared difference in RM, ( RM)2 in units of rad2 m−4, between pairs of radio sources. The dashed blue and orange lines correspond to all the data for physical and random pairs, respectively, while the solid blue and orange lines show only the corresponding data for physical and random pairs in the overlapping region of angular separation from 2 to 10 arcmin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-of-the-squared-difference-in-rm-rm-2-34sztxuh.png Figure 3. Scatter plot of the squared difference in RM, ( RM)2 in units of rad2 m−4, between pairs of radio sources versus the angular separation ( θ , in units of arcminutes). Physical pairs are shown as orange cross symbols while the random pairs are shown as blue plus symbols (with the outlier highlighted by a box). Power-law fits to the physical and random pair data are shown as solid orange and blue lines, respectively. The small, constant contributions to ( RM)2 from the measurement errors are shown for physical and random pairs as horizontal orange dashed and blue dot– dashed lines, respectively. The grey dotted vertical lines bound the overlap region of 2–10 arcmin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-rm-structure-functions-i-e-mean-bins-of-3g2nzxql.png Figure 5. Plot of the RM structure functions [i.e. mean bins of ( RM)2 as a function of the pair angular separation, θ ] with the noise power from measurement errors subtracted, for PPs (orange) and RPs (blue) at 144 MHz. The orange and blue dotted lines show the power-law fits to the PPs and RPs, respectively. The RPs bin at the smallest angular separation has only seven data points, and may be unreliable. For comparison, we also include the structure function results from the 1.4 GHz data of Vernstrom et al. (2019) for PPs (red circles) and RPs (dark blue circles), connected by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-distribution-of-rm-th-2-as-a-function-of-1oobjgiz.png Figure 8. Simulated distribution of RM( θ )2 as a function of angular separation for three numerical models, as described in Section 4.2, compared with LOFAR data. The solid lines show the mean values and the shaded region shows the 1σ dispersion. The dark shaded region outlining the LOFAR data is identical to that shown in Fig. 5 for the PPs. The blue line gives the prediction for a uniform primordial model of B0 = 0.5 nG (comoving). The variance around each model is due to the redshift distribution of sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-of-the-average-rm-rm-versus-the-rm-difference-1p6rhs8x.png Figure 6. Plot of the average RM, |〈RM〉|, versus the RM difference, | RM|, for each pair. A Spearman rank test indicates they are weakly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.2, at a significant level (pvalue ∼10−5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-rm-median-rp-rm-median-pp-in-rad-m-2-versus-16knpsxd.png Figure 7. Plot of | RM|median,RP − | RM|median,PP (in rad m−2) versus the input initial cosmological magnetic field strength (B0 in nG), provided by the inhomogeneous universe model, described in Section 4.1. The lines trace the growth in the difference in the Faraday rotation between RPs and PPs for increasing values of B0. The shaded regions outline the upper limits on B0 for various magnetic field correlation lengths (lB in units of the Jeans length, λJ), provided by the points at which the upper limit of 1.9 rad m−2 (derived in Section 3) intersects with the lines. The line furthest to the right defines the upper limit of B0 4 nG on Mpc scales. https://scispace.com/papers/new-dynamical-behaviour-of-the-coronavirus-2019-ncov-4eh01tl8wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameterscited-in-eq-1-and-their-corresponding-2r3pkjlr.png Table 1:Parameterscited in Eq. (1) and their corresponding value[22]. https://scispace.com/papers/new-economy-housing-markets-fast-and-furious-but-different-1nvotglm07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-median-housing-prices-in-selected-large-msas-2000-ugrm9y51.png Figure 1. Median Housing Prices in Selected Large MSAs, 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dot-com-firms-per-thousand-jobs-in-selected-large-1754bnqv.png Figure 2. Dot-Com Firms per Thousand Jobs in Selected Large MSAs, 1998 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranks-the-largest-msas-according-to-each-of-the-3k0hjnth.png Table 1 ranks the largest MSAs according to each of the above classification systems as of 1998. (Only MSAs with a population of a million or more were ranked.) The results of these rankings are not particularly https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-comparing-new-economy-1x695h51.png Table 2. Correlation Coefficients Comparing New Economy Indexes https://scispace.com/papers/new-frontiers-on-van-der-waals-layered-metal-phosphorous-555gddehdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-information-for-the-2d-layered-mimiiipx3-2m67bcdr.png Table 2. Structural information for the 2D layered MIMIIIPX3 crystals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-view-of-a-single-cubip2se6-layer-down-the-c-axis-gt7iej3u.png Figure 4. a) View of a single CuBiP2Se6 layer down the c-axis [(001) direction] showing the ordered arrangement of the metal ions (top) and the immediate coordination environment of Cu+ and Bi3+ in CuBiP2Se6 at room temperature. b) 298 K, c) 173 K, and d) 97 K structures of CuBiP2Se6 viewed down the[110] direction. Reproduced with permission.[48] Copyright 2005, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-schematics-of-typical-chemical-vapor-transport-hu9z7zxs.png Figure 15. a) Schematics of typical chemical vapor transport (CVT) set-up. b) Photos of bulk 2D crystals obtained via the CVT method. Reproduced with permission.[20] Copyright 2016, American chemical society. c–f) SEM images and g) Raman spectra of various samples grown via the CVT method. Reproduced with permission.[66] Copyright 2017, American chemical society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-typical-process-2kj2nb0e.png Figure 14. a) Schematic illustration of the typical process with Scotch tape. Reproduced with permission.[129] Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. b) TEM image and SAED pattern of FePS3. c,d) Optical microscopy photograph and the corresponding AFM topography of FePS3. Reproduced with permission.[20] Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. e) Schematic illustration of liquid exfoliation of MPX3 bulk crystals. f,g) SEM image of FePS3 bulk crystals and exfoliated FePS3 nanosheets. Reproduced with permission.[102] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-the-position-of-three-up-copper-sites-labeled-243p7uxz.png Figure 12. a) The position of three “up” copper sites labeled Cu1 (the off-center), Cu2 (the almost central), Cu3 (the interlayer site). The corresponding “down” sites are also shown. b) Projection onto the a–b plane of the CuInP2S6 structure showing the triangular sublattices formed by the copper and indium cations and the PP pairs. c) Two layers of CuInP2S6 shown in the ferroelectric phase (T < 315 K). The up (down) shifted CuI (InIII) ions are represented by the larger black (white) ball, and the smaller white circles are the P. (a)–(c) Reproduced with permission.[44] Copyright 1997, American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-raman-spectra-of-bulk-and-monolayer-feps3-xxofw7ea.png Figure 7. a) Raman spectra of bulk and monolayer FePS3 obtained with a 532 nm laser at ≈77 K. Reproduced with permission.[20] Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. b) Raman spectra of nanosheets on sapphire substrate with varying thickness from 2.1 to 45.5 nm. c) The thickness dependence of relative intensity (red curve) and Raman shift (blue curve) of selected modes in (b). Reproduced with permission.[61] Copyright, 2017, Wiley-VCH. https://scispace.com/papers/new-insights-into-the-viscoelastic-and-failure-mechanical-26kecjrzq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-mean-95-ci-a-normalized-failure-force-2av89mcu.png Figure 4- Comparison of mean (95%CI) (a) Normalized failure force and (b) Failure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histology-and-sem-results-representative-orcein-a-b-3r2832on.png Figure 6- Histology and SEM results. Representative Orcein (a, b) and toluidine blue (c, d) staining and SEM (e, f) images respectively for different undigested (a, c, e) and digested samples (b, d, f). The ILM is denoted by * and arrows in all images. https://scispace.com/papers/new-insights-into-meticillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-20bu0k74wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-cure-rates-in-recent-double-blind-lu0ewo7m.png Table 1 Clinical cure rates in recent double-blind, randomised, multicentre, prospective, phase III/IV trials in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and/or ventilatoracquired pneumonia (VAP). https://scispace.com/papers/new-low-temperature-thermistors-insb-mn-for-nuclear-9abc3zbzf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eill-rature-dependence-of-resistivity-qmbols-of-one-p-3oxnhvwf.png Fig. 1. ~eIll&rature dependence of resistivity (qmbols) of one p- a, for x=l and a InSb:Mn sample (manganese concentration is 2.14x10~~cm-3). few orders higher, compared with m D Ge, nlree temperature ranges with different activation energies are conductivity . The latter is very favourable to clearly pronounced. the fast response time of detectors and their immunity to microphonic noise. These results motivated hrther investigations. https://scispace.com/papers/new-managers-for-changing-global-economy-comparative-5btm7ukqt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-prospects-of-foreign-experience-implementation-3hjyktnj.png Figure 3. The prospects of foreign experience implementation in Ukraine, in % ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-optimistic-tendency-in-students-expectations-for-b6truws2.png Figure 2. An optimistic tendency in students’ expectations for career opportunities abroad and in Ukraine, in % ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-problem-of-passivity-of-ukrainian-students-in-309sp8tj.png Figure 1. The problem of passivity of Ukrainian students, in % ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-problem-of-social-passivity-among-ukrainian-2de9cvoe.png Figure 6. The problem of social passivity among Ukrainian students, in % ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-problem-of-inconformity-of-ukrainian-education-2kzpor8f.png Figure 4. The problem of inconformity of Ukrainian education to students’ expectations, in % ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-determination-of-academic-success-as-an-additional-2jg1y6nx.png Figure 5. Determination of academic success as an additional factor of career opportunities, in % ratio https://scispace.com/papers/new-limits-on-doubly-charged-bileptons-from-cern-lep-data-39ui7akeqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cross-sections-for-them6m6-production-ine1e2-colliders-1qeyras7.png FIG. 4. Cross sections for them6m6 production ine1e2 colliders as a function of their total invariant massEmm . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-discovery-region-in-the-mb-l-plane-at-95-c-l-86dxvwvx.png FIG. 3. Discovery region in the (MB , l) plane at 95% C.L., assumingL5500 fb21 and As5500 ~a!, 800 ~b!, and 1000~c! GeV, for a futuree1e2 linear collider. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-contribution-to-the-processes-a-e1e2-m6m6-and-b-25ux0vug.png FIG. 1. Main contribution to the processes~a! e1e2→m6m6 and ~b! e2g→m2m2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lep-integrated-luminosities-at-different-energies-t-o8stl5wi.png TABLE I. LEP integrated luminosities at different energies. T luminosity atAs5133 GeV is the weighted average of the lum nosities obtained at 130 and 136 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bilepton-exclusion-plot-in-the-mb-l-plane-for-lep-data-3g2xh3t7.png FIG. 2. Bilepton exclusion plot in the (MB ,l) plane for LEP data.~a! limits on l2 ~95% C.L.!; ~b! limits on l3 ~90% C.L.!. See comments in Sec. II for the limits onl̃1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-angular-distribution-in-laboratory-frame-atas5500-gev-2jc7agn5.png FIG. 5. Angular distribution in laboratory frame atAs5500 GeV. The solid~dashed! line corresponds to vector~scalar! bileptons. https://scispace.com/papers/new-micro-caddisflies-from-the-southeastern-united-states-4kh0lwnfwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-male-genitalia-of-hydroptila-n-spp-1-h-carolae-n-sp-3qsc7ass.png Fig. 1-2. Male genitalia of Hydroptila n. spp. 1, H. carolae n. sp.; 2, H. disgalera n. sp. See text for abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-male-genitalia-of-hydroptilidae-n-spp-5-hydroptila-10f2j4rz.png Fig. 5-6. Male genitalia of Hydroptilidae, n. spp. 5, Hydroptila tridento,ta, n. sp.; 6, Oxyethira kingi n. sp. See text for abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-male-genitalia-of-hydroptila-ouachita-n-sp-see-text-2z8zoiih.png Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Hydroptila ouachita n. sp. See text for abbreviations. https://scispace.com/papers/new-models-of-care-the-policy-discourse-of-integrated-care-5borriplko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-policy-documents-included-in-review-267wysxn.png Table 1: Policy documents included in review https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-policy-documents-sampled-for-detailed-analysis-31c835mb.png Table 2: Policy documents sampled for detailed analysis https://scispace.com/papers/new-perspectives-on-customer-death-using-a-generalization-of-so4h65dhik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-model-forecasting-performance-for-the-3ez4y09k.png Table 3: Measures of model forecasting performance for the Pareto/NBD model (τ = 0), the NBD model (τ = ∞) and the PDO model (for various values of τ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-the-probability-that-a-randomly-chosen-3e2acp72.png Figure 2: Plot of the probability that a randomly chosen customer will have died by time t (P (Ω ≤ t)) under the PDO model with τ = 3 and the Pareto/NBD model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-the-cdnow-dataset-for-the-1fa1otmc.png Table 2: Estimation results for the CDNOW dataset for the Pareto/NBDmodel (τ = 0), the NBD model (τ = ∞) and the PDO model (for various values of τ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-and-standard-errors-for-the-pdo-2zi5tyfj.png Table 1: Parameter estimates and standard errors for the PDO (τ = 3) and Pareto/NBD models for the CDNOW dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-the-pdo-model-log-likelihood-for-the-cdnow-1balkw5k.png Figure 1: Plot of the PDO model log-likelihood for the CDNOW dataset as a function of the periodicity parameter τ . (The right-hand plot presents a “zoomed in” view for small values of τ .) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-for-the-hpdo-model-for-the-cdnow-23z8ph4i.png Table 5: Parameter estimates for the HPDO model for the CDNOW and Grocery datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-and-standard-errors-for-the-pdo-286ctgz2.png Table 4: Parameter estimates and standard errors for the PDO (τ = 1) and Pareto/NBD models for the Grocery dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-pdo-model-log-likelihood-for-the-i2m1haji.png Figure 3: Plot of the PDO model log-likelihood for the Grocery dataset as a function of the periodicity parameter τ . https://scispace.com/papers/new-molecular-approaches-in-the-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-88l9pvr9tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diagnostic-performance-of-the-proto-oncogene-2s8cxkm1.png Table 1: Diagnostic Performance of the Proto-Oncogene Mutation and Gene-Expression Classifier Tests in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-for-diagnosis-of-suspicious-metastatic-2xrsnbwh.png Figure 1: flow-chart for diagnosis of suspicious metastatic cervical lymph nodes (CLN) from thyroid cancer patients (adapted from BMC Clinical Pathology 2013;13:7). Following fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples for Tg protein and Tg/CT mRNA measurements should be collected, but their analysis restricted to cases with uninformative or clinically unsound FNAC diagnosis. Tg, thyroglobulin; CT, calcitonin. https://scispace.com/papers/new-placement-of-recording-electrodes-on-the-thyroid-2rwn5qkywz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-boxplots-of-emg-amplitude-results-after-stimulating-zmmvslsg.png Figure 4. Boxplots of EMG amplitude results after stimulating the recurrent laryngeal nerve before and after resection of the thyroid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-cohort-demographics-1ge4b9l9.png Table 1. Study cohort demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-during-stimulation-evoked-emg-responses-and-latency-37merucm.png Figure 2. During stimulation evoked EMG responses and latency times were registered for both recording electrodes at the same time (in mV). For readability of the graphics, input EMG signals are decreased 1000 times by adjusting the software settings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-positioning-of-the-thyroid-cartilage-electrodes-ixw6g6px.png Figure 1b. Positioning of the thyroid cartilage electrodes completely outside the operative field. https://scispace.com/papers/new-switch-control-technique-for-multiphase-interleaved-1lch5k9a9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-r-c-pulse-trains-generated-for-two-pwm-controllers-zjn7pwx0.png Fig. 4. Two R-C pulse trains generated for two PWM controllers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sync-pulse-trains-for-the-two-phase-interleaved-q63h9n0j.png Fig. 5. Sync pulse trains for the two-phase interleaved converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-switch-control-signals-for-the-two-phase-interleaved-2r4ix6os.png Fig. 8. Switch control signals for the two-phase interleaved converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-determination-of-switching-frequency-1xjcmmrw.png Fig. 6. Determination of switching frequency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-modified-r-c-pulse-inputs-of-the-pwm-controllers-hbsw0em7.png Fig. 7. Modified R-C pulse inputs of the PWM controllers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-switch-drive-circuit-for-a-two-phase-1evb5krq.png Fig. 3. Proposed switch-drive circuit for a two-phase interleaved step-up converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synchronization-of-switch-control-signals-3g0530i1.png Fig. 2. Synchronization of switch-control signals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-output-voltage-regulation-as-load-resistance-2q2ze4x9.png Fig. 11. Output voltage regulation as load resistance decreased https://scispace.com/papers/new-sar-target-imaging-algorithm-based-on-oblique-projection-eayf2rvxdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sar-geometric-configuration-2mpm9qsw.png Fig. 1. SAR geometric configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-sar-images-for-dual-polarization-dihedral-using-3dcvslke.png Fig. 15. SAR images for dual polarization (dihedral) using simulated FoPen data with a MMT located at position (108,−1)m. (a) The detection of the MMT in the CSAR image is not possible (ρCSAR = −3.5dB) and the false alarms due to the tree trunks are numerous. (b) Compared to CSAR, the MMT response in the SSDSAR image is increased but false alarms due to tree trunks are numerous and have high intensities (ρSSDSAR = 1.8dB). (c) Compared to the SSDSAR, the MMT response in the OBSAR image is unchanged but the intensities of false alarms due to tree trunks are significantly decreased and much lower than the MMT intensity (ρOBSAR = 3.6dB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-definition-of-the-incidence-angles-thi-phi-hsgzkgt1.png Fig. 2. Definition of the incidence angles (θi, ϕi). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-radar-scene-of-the-real-data-provided-by-onera-a-12wj4iw6.png Fig. 16. Radar scene of the real data provided by ONERA. A truck located at (5520, 150)m and a trihedral corner reflector located at (5584, 126) are placed in the Nezer forest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-singular-values-for-the-target-matrices-in-single-and-2ey9qyi0.png Fig. 17. Singular values for the target matrices in single and dual polarizations (real data). The ranks are chosen to be DHH = D V H = 10 and D + H = D − H = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-singular-values-for-the-interference-matrices-in-2ukcu1bc.png Fig. 18. Singular values for the interference matrices in single and dual polarizations (real data). The ranks are chosen to be DHJ = D V J = 10 and DJ = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-roc-of-ssdsar-and-obsar-for-the-ideal-case-in-dual-1ego7chr.png Fig. 11. ROC of SSDSAR and OBSAR for the ideal case in dual polarization and for simulated data. The OBSAR algorithm gives good performances compared to the SSDSAR algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-roc-of-ssdsar-and-obsar-for-the-realistic-case-in-22nhq7k7.png Fig. 10. ROC of SSDSAR and OBSAR for the realistic case in single polarization (HH and VV) and for simulated data. The SSDSAR and the OBSAR give the same performance for single polarization. https://scispace.com/papers/new-power-minimization-techniques-in-hybrid-distributed-3tdfe50oto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-power-in-terms-of-the-number-of-users-for-a-1voobep5.png Figure 4: Total power in terms of the number of users for a requested rate of Rreq = 5 Mbps with Pm = 5 W https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-power-in-terms-of-the-target-rate-for-vpya91y2.png Figure 5: Total power in terms of the target rate, for different values of the number of constrained antennas, with K = 15 and Pmi = 15 W https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-approximate-complexity-of-the-different-allocation-1s44czdj.png Table I: Approximate complexity of the different allocation techniques. https://scispace.com/papers/new-theory-of-femtosecond-induced-changes-and-nanopore-47srxcdwwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-v-t-curves-for-a-typical-glass-forming-liquids-and-1edwo4oo.png Figure 5. V-T curves for (a) typical glass forming liquids and for (b) low OH containing silica. Curves are derived from those found in [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-of-the-focal-zone-in-a-femtosecond-laser-3ro1t0mi.png Figure 6. Schematic of the focal zone in a femtosecond laser processed glass. For typical glass-forming liquids, V1 > V2, since fast cooling leads to a less dense glass than the original slow cooled thermal quenched surrounding glass; but for silica V1 < V2, where fast cooling leads to a more dense glass than the surrounding slow cooled thermally quenched glass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-induced-damage-trail-across-two-waveguides-a-laser-1mljteww.png Figure 1. Induced damage trail across two waveguides: (a) laser polarisation is orthogonal to direction of travel of scanning laser beam (out of the pages) and (b) laser polarisation is aligned along the direction of scanning (out of the page). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-close-examination-of-sample-nanopores-found-in-the-3o9i6z13.png Figure 3. Close examination of sample nanopores found in the head of the nanograting structure of Figure 1 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-colour-by-controlling-nanograting-3bk333hb.png Figure 2. Structural colour by controlling nanograting orientation through control of the writing laser polarisation. Different tilt angles produce different colours at the one angle. The logo for the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay is highlighted in varying colour with varying tilt angle (Fabricated by Lancry et al.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-mechanisms-involved-with-femtosecond-3gufk07k.png Figure 4. Summary of mechanisms involved with femtosecond processing of silica. https://scispace.com/papers/new-thermal-taste-actuation-technology-for-future-21u5g7pz4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-this-figure-shows-the-highest-and-lowest-temperatures-2vg0q67d.png Fig. 5: This figure shows the highest and lowest temperatures obtained by the device when it operates on full PWM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-circuit-diagram-of-the-thermal-taste-device-369lpy3e.png Fig. 3: The circuit diagram of the thermal taste device. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-between-the-related-works-and-thermal-1u1z6ij8.png Table 1: A comparison between the related works and ‘Thermal Taste Machine’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-most-suitable-pid-control-curves-obtained-for-this-2of1uqcx.png Fig. 6: The most suitable PID control curves obtained for this device for heating, cooling, and settling back the device to 25°C after heating and cooling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-this-figure-shows-the-user-study-setup-of-the-thermal-3d5jvoj3.png Fig. 7: This figure shows the user study setup of the thermal taste characterization experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-this-graph-shows-that-thermal-taste-device-12k36paz.png Fig. 12: This graph shows that thermal taste device significantly improved the sweetness of the two sweet taste solutions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-means-of-likeness-intensity-and-sweetness-reported-hnrry2ce.png Fig. 13: Means of likeness, intensity, and sweetness reported for slow, medium, and fast rates of thermal taste device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-concept-of-producing-thermal-taste-sensations-3b57ux8v.png Fig. 1: The concept of producing thermal taste sensations. https://scispace.com/papers/new-young-brown-dwarfs-in-the-orion-molecular-cloud-2-3-dw8q1tlqrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-j-h-vs-h-k-color-color-diagram-for-omc-2-3-showing-23ioa9sa.png Fig. 5.—A J H vs. H K color-color diagram for OMC 2/3, showing SQIID photometry for the brown dwarf candidates: the sources with colormagnitude errors less than 0.15 mag that appear below the 0.08 M reddening line in theH vs. J H CMD (see Fig. 2). Those sources that are either field stars or whose spectral types could not be determined (see Table 4) are shown as filled circles. The sources spectroscopically confirmed as M4YM9members are compared with, from Bessell & Brett (1988), the colors of giants (dotted locus) and dwarfs (dashed locus), as well as M dwarfs from Leggett (1992; solid line). (Note that these colors have not been transformed into the SQIID photometric system.) Small dashed lines indicate reddening vectors (Cohen et al. 1981) for ( from left to right) M5 giants, M6 dwarfs, and M9 sources (typical colors for M9 stars from Kirkpatrick et al. [2000]). The dot-dashed line is the CTTS locus from Meyer et al. (1997) in Taurus. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-spectral-observations-field-stars-and-15c5ug0k.png TABLE 4 Summary of Spectral Observations: Field Stars and Objects of Indeterminate Type https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-spectrum-of-brown-dwarf-candidate-29-solid-line-3b5pq0jp.png Fig. 12.—Spectrum of brown dwarf candidate 29 (solid line) obtained at the IRTF with the SpeX Spectrograph in single-prism mode (k/ k 250). This brown dwarf was classified from its far-red spectrum (see Fig. 7) as M8YM8.25 with AV ¼ 0. The dashed line shows the SpeX reference spectrum from a young member in Taurus, KPNO 6, with a spectral type of M8.5 and given a reddening of AV ¼ 0:5, which yields a spectrum very similar to OMC 2/3 brown dwarf candidate 29. The spectrum from KPNO 5 (dotted line), a Taurus low-mass member with a known spectral type of M7.5 (Briceño et al. 2002), is also shown; note that the OMC 2/3 brown dwarf candidate spectrum is a better match to the M8.5 spectrum than theM7.5 spectrum (specifically when looking at the depth of the steam band from 1.3 to 1.5 m). An uncertainty of 0.5 subclass is typical for these spectra. All three spectra were normalized at a wavelength of 1.30 m. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-nine-spectra-obtained-at-the-irtf-with-spex-in-single-2g2xm5rq.png Fig. 13.—Nine spectra obtained at the IRTF with SpeX in single-prism mode (k/ k 250); for display purposes, they have been smoothed with a Gaussian kernel. In the left-hand panel, we show the spectra that have been classified as either members ( IV spectral class) or dwarfs (V spectral class). Brown dwarf candidates 5 and 75 are young stars which have already been displayed in the far-red in Figs. 8 and 7, respectively. The sources in the right-hand panel all had indeterminate spectral types (Table 4). The spectra in the left-hand panel were normalized at a wavelength of 1.68 m, and in the right-hand panel, they were normalized at a wavelength of 2.2 m. The photometry for these sources appears in Tables 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-candidate-brown-dwarf-spectra-obtained-with-lris-on-20z3zja8.png Fig. 6.—Candidate brown dwarf spectra obtained with LRIS on Keck I. The overplotted dotted lines show the reference spectra used to classify the candidates. All three of these candidates look very similar: each has an M6.5 spectral type with little or no reddening, and all exhibit H (at 65638). In addition, they all match the average spectrum of a M6.5 dwarf and giant, indicating a young source. The TiO, CaH, and VO molecular bands in this wavelength range used for spectral classification are indicated. Each of the spectra has been smoothed to a resolution of 18 8 and normalized at 7500 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-low-resolution-spectra-from-themmtwith-the-red-7s550hjh.png Fig. 7.—Low-resolution spectra from theMMTwith the Red (5500Y98008) and Blue (6200Y9000 8) Channel Spectrographs of nine new low-mass members in OMC 2/3. The TiO, CaH, and VOmolecular bands used for spectral classification are indicated. Strong H emission can be seen in two of the sources: 17 and 21. The spectra have been smoothed to a resolution of 18 8 and normalized at 7500 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fourteen-spectra-of-embedded-omc-2-3-members-solid-2q1v4nb4.png Fig. 11.—Fourteen spectra of embedded OMC 2/3 members (solid lines), obtained at the IRTF with SpeX in single-prism mode (k/ k 250); for display purposes, they have been smoothed with a Gaussian kernel. The reddened reference spectra (dashed lines) with the best match to the candidates are overplotted. The reference spectra were also observed with SpeX, but their spectral types were obtained from far-red spectra. Note the locations of the H2O and CO absorption bands, the shapes of which were used for spectral classification. All spectra were normalized at a wavelength of 1.68 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-iz0jhk-photometric-completeness-2y0u0sfv.png TABLE 1 Summary of Iz0JHK Photometric Completeness https://scispace.com/papers/ngnp-graphite-testing-and-qualification-specimen-selection-3cu32x6xg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-graphite-selection-matrix-1y5sj6ve.png Table 1. Graphite selection matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-gt-mhr-fuel-blocks-15sp1mmq.png Figure 2-1. GT-MHR fuel blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-httr-graphite-fuel-block-undergoing-machining-hoo9233n.png Figure 3-2. HTTR graphite fuel block undergoing machining. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-graphite-selection-matrix-2fln8gxz.png Table 1. Graphite selection matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-the-central-graphite-column-of-the-pebble-bed-m3x0xvvm.png Figure 2-4. The central graphite column of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-agc-1-advanced-test-reactor-graphite-irradiation-1vjfh43m.png Figure 3-3. AGC-1 Advanced Test Reactor graphite irradiation capsule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-the-inner-and-outer-graphite-side-reflector-of-3ki4jwgc.png Figure 2-5. The inner and outer graphite side reflector of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-the-graphite-core-internals-of-the-pebble-bed-k8e7zwso.png Figure 2-3. The graphite core internals of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor. https://scispace.com/papers/next-steps-for-human-computer-integration-54rpqa8cgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-integration-between-humans-and-devices-1co5t0zc.png Figure 2. Map of integration between humans and devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-human-compatible-technologies-a-tacttoo-q6swhcis.png Figure 3. Examples of human-compatible technologies. (a) Tacttoo [97], (b) iSkin [94], (c) Hobbyist use of insertable devices [27], (d) RFID implants [24], (e) Wear It Loud [64], (f) The tongue and ear interface [68], (g) Cerebral shunts [76], (h) pacemaker [87], (i) Stomach Sculpture [81], (j) ChewIt [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-types-of-human-compatible-technology-and-their-37bcp4mg.png Table 2. Key types of human-compatible technology and their properties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eras-of-human-computer-interaction-31jbz87g.png Table 1. Eras of Human-Computer Interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/niacin-stimulates-mammary-gland-development-in-pubertal-mice-2v0txu6054 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-niacin-promotes-mmec-proliferation-and-increases-the-2884bwmu.png FIG 1. Niacin promotes mMEC proliferation and increases the expression of cell proliferation markers. The mMECs were treated with 1 mM niacin for 2 d. (A) The effect of various concentrations of niacin (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) on the proliferation of mMECs was determined by CCK8 analysis. (B) Cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA protein levels were detected by Western blotting. (C, D, E) Immunoblot bands of cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were digitized and are expressed as the ratios to β-tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (F) Cell cycle progression was examined by flow cytometry analysis. *P < 0.05 versus the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-niacin-activates-4ebp1-via-the-mtor-and-erk-signaling-fj49nn4m.png FIG 6. Niacin activates 4EBP1 via the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. The mMECs were pre-treated for 1 h with rapamycin (200 nM) and U0126 (10 μM) and then incubated for 2 d with niacin (1 mM). (A) The protein expression of p-4EBP1, 4EBP1, p-Rb, Rb and E2F1 was examined by Western blotting. (B, C, D) Mean ± SEM of immunoblot bands of p-4EBP1/4EBP1, p-Rb/Rb and E2F1. *P < 0.05 indicates that the difference is significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inhibition-of-erk-blocks-niacin-induced-proliferation-27px37bp.png FIG 4. Inhibition of ERK blocks niacin-induced proliferation of mMECs. The mMECs were pretreated for 1 h with U0126 (10 μM) and then incubated for 2 d with niacin (1 mM). (A) The protein levels of p-ERK, ERK, cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were examined by Western blotting. (B, C, D, E) Immunoblot bands of p-ERK/ERK, Cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were digitized, and Cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were expressed as the ratios to β-tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (F, G, H) The proliferation of mMECs was examined by EdU and CCK8 assays. #P < 0.05 versus the no-treatment group and *P < 0.05 versus the niacin group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-niacin-activates-the-akt-mtor-and-erk1-2-signaling-2j1f6xw1.png FIG 5. Niacin activates the AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways via the Gi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inhibition-of-mtor-blocks-niacin-induced-proliferation-3p3xzl2q.png FIG 3. Inhibition of mTOR blocks niacin-induced proliferation of mMECs. The mMECs were pretreated for 1 h with rapamycin (Rapa, 200 nM) and then incubated for 2 d with niacin (1 mM). (A) The protein levels of p-mTOR, mTOR, Cyclin D1, PCNA and Cyclin D3 were examined by Western blotting. (B, C, D, E) Immunoblot bands of p-mTOR/mTOR, Cyclin D1, PCNA and Cyclin D3 were digitized, and Cyclin D1, PCNA and Cyclin D3 were expressed as the ratios to β-tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (F, G, H) The proliferation of mMECs was examined by EdU and CCK8 assays. #P < 0.05 versus the no-treatment group and *P < 0.05 versus the niacin group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dietary-supplementation-with-0-5-niacin-increased-the-1j3wofnf.png FIG 9. Dietary supplementation with 0.5% niacin increased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and PCNA and activated the Akt/mTOR and ERK pathways in the fourth pair of mammary glands of pubertal mice. (A) The protein levels of cyclin D1/D3, PCNA, p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ERK, ERK, p-4EBP1, and 4EBP1 were examined by Western blotting. (B, C, D, E, F, G, H) Immunoblot bands of Cyclin D1/D3, PCNA, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, p-ERK/ERK, and p-4EBP1/4EBP1 were digitized, and cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were expressed as the ratios to β-tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 versus the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inhibition-of-akt-blocks-niacin-induced-proliferation-o7ya5fej.png FIG 2. Inhibition of AKT blocks niacin-induced proliferation of mMECs. The mMECs were pretreated for 1 h with MK2206 (2.5 μM) and then incubated for 2 d with niacin (1 mM). (A) The protein levels of p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, Cyclin D1, PCNA and Cyclin D3 were examined by Western blotting. (B, C, D, E, F). Immunoblot bands of p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were digitized, and cyclin D1/D3 and PCNA were expressed as the ratios to β-tubulin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (G, H, I) The proliferation of mMECs was examined by EdU and CCK8 assays. #P < 0.05 versus the no-treatment group and *P < 0.05 versus the niacin group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-sequences-of-cdc6-espl1-mcm4-and-pole2-teeo7jsa.png Table 1 Primer sequences of CDC6, ESPL1, MCM4 and POLE2 https://scispace.com/papers/niche-characteristics-and-potential-distribution-of-3yxe2bw7db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-permutation-importance-of-environmental-variables-to-jf00yrxh.png Table 1. Permutation importance of environmental variables to the final Maxent model. The permutation importance represents the drop in training AUC, after the values of the focal variable on training presence and background data are randomly permuted and the model is reevaluated on the permuted data. Permutation values are normalized to percentages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparisons-of-niche-similarity-tests-rows-identify-kdyde9k9.png Table 4. Comparisons of niche similarity tests. Rows identify the first species of the pairing, columns the second. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-response-curves-of-maxent-models-for-thelocactus-1tawd4u2.png Figure 1b Response curves of Maxent models for Thelocactus species. Models were generated using only one variable at a time. The curves show the mean response of the cross-validated models with 20 replicate runs. The value shown on the y-axis is predicted probability of presence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-niche-overlap-values-d-and-number-of-localities-epfltjjo.png Table 3. Niche overlap values (D) and number of localities where two species coexist. n represents the number of occurrences. In the upper part are displayed the number of localities where two species are simpatric. In the lower part are displayed the niche overlap values (D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ecological-niche-of-thelocactus-species-in-h8aljijv.png Figure 2 Ecological niche of Thelocactus species in environmental space. Niche was displayed in the two main axes of principal component analysis. Grey-to-black shading represents grid cell density of species’ occurrences (black being the highest density). The first dashed line represents the 50% of the available environment and the solid line represents the 100%. The last panel presents the contribution of variables for loading the main PCA-env axes and the percentage of inertia explained by axes one and two. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-species-distribution-models-by-their-15qrrxv6.png Table 2. Evaluation of species distribution models by their AUC values, null model results and niche breadth values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-response-curves-of-maxent-models-for-thelocactus-3jo4d6nq.png Figure 1b Response curves of Maxent models for Thelocactus species. Models were generated using only one variable at a time. The curves show the mean response of the cross-validated models with 20 replicate runs. The value shown on the y-axis is predicted probability of presence. https://scispace.com/papers/niche-based-processes-explaining-the-distributions-of-3q1078ylaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-selected-in-the-species-distribution-2d1ru4av.png Table 1 | Variables selected in the species distribution models and their relevance to represent subterranean conditions (rationale for inclusion). Non-collinear variables introduced in the model are highlighted in bold https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-environmental-conditions-experienced-by-the-four-251brayo.png Figure 6 | Environmental conditions experienced by the four species across their distribution range. Grey dots in a–e represent the real extracted values, whereas black dots represent outliers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-differentiation-in-the-chelicerae-and-fang-shape-2spbgodg.png Figure 7 | Differentiation in the chelicerae and fang shape among the four species. (a) Ratio between the length of the basal cheliceral segment and the carapace. There was a significant difference in the ratio of Parastalita stygia versus all Stalita species based on ANOVA (F3,35 = 107.6, p < 0.001; asterisk), as well as between males and females of each species (F1,35 = 5.8, p = 0.030). A post hoc Tukey test showed that all Stalita species were not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05. (b) Ratio between the length of the fang and the carapace. There was a significant difference in the ratio of P. stygia versus all Stalita species based on ANOVA (F3,35 = 317.3, p < 0.001; asterisk), whereas the differences between sexes only approached statistical significance (F1,35 = 3.8, p = 0.058). A post hoc Tukey test showed that all Stalita species were not significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-likelihood-tree-inferred-from-a-180q6oum.png Figure 3 | Maximum likelihood tree inferred from a concatenated matrix of five markers. Numbers next to nodes correspond to maximum likelihood bootstrap values on the left, and Bayesian posterior probabilities on the right. Nodes without support values are supported with both methods: >75 bootstrap support and >95 Bayesian posterior probabilities. The tree was rooted with Segestria sp., a member of Segestridae, a sister family to Dysderidae https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pair-plots-showing-the-estimated-five-dimensional-nteqa1vu.png Figure 5 | Pair plots showing the estimated five-dimensional hypervolumes for Parastalita stygia, Stalita hadzii, S. pretneri and S. taenaria. The cloud of coloured points for each species is composed of 5,000 points stochastically sampled from the inferred hypervolume, and represents the real hypervolume boundary. Contour lines are drawn for visual presentation. Variables are rescaled. Metrics relative to each hypervolume are in Table 2, whereas pairwise β-diversity and distance between centroid in Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-niche-differentiation-among-n-dimensional-e91u6gzl.png Table 3 | Pairwise niche differentiation among n-dimensional hypervolumes of the four species, as estimated through a measure of overlap (below the diagonal; βtotal = βreplacement + βrichness) and of distance (above the diagonal; distance between centroids) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-about-the-species-distribution-models-and-3dbhsi3r.png Table 2 | Statistics about the species distribution models and hypervolume analyses. Variables abbreviations are given in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-distributions-of-the-four-studied-species-b1x32szp.png Figure 4 | Potential distributions of the four studied species as projected by species distribution models. Circles represent occurrences. (a) Parastalita stygia, (b) Stalita pretneri, (c) S. hadzii and (d) S. taenaria https://scispace.com/papers/nlf-airfoil-and-wing-design-by-adjoint-method-and-automatic-2s06of409d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-momentum-thickness-th-on-upper-surface-for-nlf-1-1ataywca.png Figure 4. Momentum Thickness, θ, on Upper Surface for NLF(1)-0416 Airfoil, M∞ = 0.3, Re∞ = 4 · 106, α = 2.03◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-displacement-thickness-d-on-upper-surface-for-nlf-1-3sdwo5wz.png Figure 3. Displacement Thickness, δ?, on Upper Surface for NLF(1)-0416 Airfoil, M∞ = 0.3, Re∞ = 4 · 106, α = 2.03◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-comparison-of-range-parameter-as-a-function-of-2znhjlvm.png Figure 26. Comparison of range parameter as a function of Mach number between the baseline and redesigned NLF wing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-comparison-of-drag-coefficient-as-a-function-of-3trkmhk1.png Figure 25. Comparison of drag coefficient as a function of Mach number between the baseline and redesigned NLF wing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-redesign-of-3d-wing-with-new-cost-function-dashed-2ajni8j4.png Figure 27. Redesign of 3D wing with new cost function. Dashed lines and solid lines represent pressure distribution of the baseline NLF wing and redesigned configuration respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-off-design-condition-at-m-0-70-cltarget-0-26-9f6i9ym8.png Figure 11. Off-design Condition at M∞ = 0.70, Cltarget = 0.26 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-off-design-condition-at-m-0-71-cltarget-0-26-15-of-3djocg8u.png Figure 12. Off-design Condition at M∞ = 0.71, Cltarget = 0.26 15 of 27 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-range-parameter-v-s-mach-number-2dtfaea7.png Figure 21. Range parameter v.s. Mach number https://scispace.com/papers/nmr-signatures-of-the-active-sites-in-sn-b-zeolite-3i2mvmay0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-contribution-of-the-three-119sn-signals-2fs0cy21.png Table 2. Relative contribution of the three 119Sn signals (deconvoluted areas in percentage) as a function of the Sn-loading as determined from DNP SENS showing a qualitative trend in active site-distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-105-k-119sn-dnp-sens-cp-magic-angle-turning-cp-mat-25zibx4d.png Figure 2. 105 K 119Sn DNP SENS CP Magic Angle Turning (CP-MAT) spectra of 5 wt% Sn β-zeolite impregnated with a 16 mM solution of TEKPol in tetrachloroethane. The spectrum was acquired on a 400 MHz DNP spectrometer, with a sample spinning frequency of 5 kHz and a polarization delay of 5 s. 512 scans per increment and 160 t1 increments were acquired. A 1H DNP enhancement of ca. 85 was obtained. Spinning sideband manifolds are shown for the three different isotropic shifts and the extracted CS tensor parameters are indicated. Fits of the sideband manifolds are also shown (dashed black lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalytic-activity-of-sn-ss-with-different-sn-2k2514mo.png Table 1. Catalytic activity of Sn-ß with different Sn-loadings for glucose isomerization in H2O.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9-4-t-105-k-1h-119sn-dnp-sens-magic-angle-spinning-15m598dd.png Figure 1. 9.4 T 105 K 1H-119Sn DNP SENS magic angle spinning crosspolarization spin echo spectra of (a) 0.5 wt% Sn β-zeolite, (b) 1 wt% Sn β-zeolite, (c) 2 wt% Sn β-zeolite, (d) 5 wt% Sn β-zeolite, (e) 10 wt% Sn β-zeolite. All samples were impregnated with a 16 mM TEKPol 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane solutions. All spectra were acquired with a MAS frequency of 12.5 kHz and CP contact times between 3.0 and 3.5 ms. The number of scans and polarization delay (tpd) are indicated for each spectrum together with the proton DNP enhancements (eH) measured with separate 1H spin echo experiments. The signals around –580 and –780 ppm, as observed for the 10 wt % sample, correspond to spinning sidebands. https://scispace.com/papers/nmr-studies-of-new-arginine-vasopressin-analogs-modified-3fdi3u2abi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydration-numbers-for-each-residue-of-igl2-avp-i-d-dereak9y.png Table 2. Hydration numbers for each residue of [Igl2]AVP (I), [D-Igl2]AVP (II), [Mpa1,Igl2]AVP (III) and [Mpa1,D-Igl2]AVP (IV) in SDS micelle/water system. The hydration numbers were averaged over the conformations with significant weights - comprising 60% of the ensemble for each analogue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-statistics-for-the-set-of-the-2wcjd999.png Table 1. Structural statistics for the set of the conformations of [Igl2]AVP (I), [D-Igl2]AVP (II), [Mpa1,Igl2]AVP (III) and [Mpa1,D-Igl2]AVP (IV) constituting 60% of the ensemble. https://scispace.com/papers/no-evidence-for-enhanced-distractor-template-representation-3g2mppjhe9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-a-an-illustration-of-the-study-s-hypotheses-the-gqguybni.png Fig. 1 e a) An illustration of the study's hypotheses: the activation of a target template (represented by “þ” inside the colored bubble) leads to selective activation of EVC neurons representing the target color. This, in turn, leads to distinct activation patterns for the different target colors. Contrarily, the activation of a template for rejection (represented by “d” inside the colored bubble) leads to decreased activation of EVC neurons and therefore decreased variability in stimulus-related activity. Thus, different negatively cued colors will elicit weaker activity patterns that are more similar to those elicited by taskirrelevant colors. b) A brain in MNI space showing the extent of the EVC region analyzed (in blue). Left hemisphere is displayed on the right. c) A bar graph showing the average r to Z values across colors presented as positive, neutral, and negative cues. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1emean-1-r-distinctiveness-values-for-each-color-and-1691wuyv.png Table 1eMean 1-r distinctiveness values for each color and their standard deviation (SD). Themean and SD of each cue type with all colors combined are shown in the last column. https://scispace.com/papers/nmr-spectroscopy-applied-to-amine-co2-h2o-systems-relevant-4ufqms0ohw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-main-carbamate-stability-constants-3qjoc0to.png Table 1 Comparison of the main carbamate stability constants (log Kc) obtained by NMR speciation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-activity-based-carbamate-stability-constants-for-mea-13nd044u.png Table 2 Activity based carbamate stability constants for MEA–CO2–H2O at 293.15 K and 313.15 K, obtained from NMR speciation in Jakobsen et al. (2005) and compared to literature (Jakobsen et al., 2005; Sartori and Savage, 1983). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kinetic-constants-for-mea-co2-h2o-system-derived-3so6rol1.png Table 3 Kinetic constants for MEA–CO2–H2O system derived from 1H NMR data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stacked-1h-nmr-spectra-for-5-0-m-mea-solution-with-ivkyoup1.png Fig. 3. Stacked 1H NMR spectra for 5.0 M MEA solution with varying CO2 loading at 295.65 K. Reprinted with permission from Fan et al. (2009). Copyright© (2009), American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/papers/noise-level-correlates-with-manatee-use-of-foraging-habitats-he4qtk0k41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-one-third-octave-noise-levels-in-grassbeds-dtfqcrah.png TABLE I. Average one-third octave noise levels in grassbeds GB n=13 and dredged DB habitats n=11 as a function of time of day in 2003, morning 7:00–10:30 , noon hours 10:30–14:00 , afternoon 14:00–17:30 . The range of average site levels is presented in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-1-khz-noise-level-as-a-function-of-33jsytf5.png FIG. 6. Color online The 1 kHz noise level as a function of boat presence in grassbeds during the morning hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-noise-levels-in-grassbeds-and-dredged-1s0go1z0.png FIG. 3. Color online Noise levels in grassbeds and dredged habitats reported in one-third octave bands for 8 kHz center frequency. Top panel shows noise during the morning 7:00–10:30 , middle panel shows noise during the noon hours 10:30–14:00 , and bottom panel shows noise during the afternoon hours 14:00–17:30 . Each circle represents the average level in each site with corresponding error bars. Solid black lines indicate a significant difference in means between grassbed sites and dredged habitats. Dashed red lines represent means that did not differ significantly. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-average-1-3-octave-band-noise-level-comparisons-for-6ekvl6zt.png TABLE V. Average 1/3-octave band noise level comparisons for 2003 and 2004. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-linear-regression-statistics-indicating-a-cjt95c74.png TABLE VI. Linear regression statistics indicating a significant positive correlation between boat presence and noise level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-manatee-site-usage-as-a-function-of-boat-13mb4b1v.png FIG. 5. Color online Manatee site usage as a function of boat presence in grassbeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-32-khz-noise-level-during-morning-a-1emdf20p.png FIG. 4. Color online The 32 kHz noise level during morning a , noon b , and afternoon c as a function of manatee site usage in grassbeds and dredged habitats. Each circle represents the average level in each site with corresponding error bars. The x symbols represent individual measurements. The solid black line indicates a significant relationship at the 95% significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-site-locations-in-sarasota-bay-3oy78ceo.png FIG. 1. Color online Site locations in Sarasota Bay. https://scispace.com/papers/noise-induced-transition-from-anomalous-to-ordinary-3isj7lyk9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-reduced-map-of-eq-11-note-the-regions-i-j-and-k-23z4oav0.png FIG. 1. The reduced map of Eq. (11). Note the regions I, J, and K, and the points d and b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-simulations-symbols-and-theory-1xhylw3x.png FIG. 3. Comparison between simulations (symbols) and theory (solid line) for the map of Eq. (11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-typical-vp-t-for-the-map-of-eq-11-for-different-2qwez2km.png FIG. 2. Some typical vp(t) for the map of Eq. (11), for dIfferent noise intensities (symbols). The full line is the (asymptotic) best fit w'ith the function exp( —t/t, ). 1 P(V) = 2 (72) https://scispace.com/papers/noise-predictive-bcjr-equalization-for-suppression-of-4jyupnd2uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ber-of-np-bcjr-equalizer-b-supplemented-with-ldpc-3k9wed73.png Fig. 4. (a) BER of NP-BCJR equalizer (b) supplemented with LDPC decoder. (Color version available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pdfs-for-states-s-1110111-and-s-0001000-estimated-from-z8ti18ig.png Fig. 3. PDFs for states s = 1110111 and s = 0001000 estimated from simulator. (Color version available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trellis-used-by-bcjr-for-2m-1-5-2t7yt1r3.png Fig. 2. Trellis used by BCJR (for 2m + 1 = 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-np-bcjr-equalization-of-optical-filter-pd-33w33bje.png Fig. 1. NP-BCJR equalization. OF: optical filter. PD: photodetector. EF: electrical filter. https://scispace.com/papers/noise-robust-speaker-verification-using-mel-frequency-zuoh6iu31i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extraction-of-the-mfccs-and-mfdwcs-2i6p4cw5.png Figure 1: Extraction of the MFCCs and MFDWCs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-spreads-of-the-basis-functions-of-wavelet-in-mx66e9bk.png Figure 2: The spreads of the basis functions of wavelet in the time and frequency domains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equal-eror-rates-for-the-mfccs-and-mfdwcs-that-both-jyl0r9b9.png Table 1: Equal eror rates for the MFCCs and MFDWCs that both of them utilizing the PMC technique. https://scispace.com/papers/noise-suppression-and-enhanced-focusability-in-plasma-raman-1z81wiza9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-focused-pulse-relative-intensity-e-versus-the-1kbd78ea.png FIG. 6: The focused pulse relative intensity η versus the parameter of pump chirping q and the pump spectral width ∆ω. The plasma thermal fluctuations are calculated for electron temperature 40 eV; no quasi-static density perturbations are present (δn/n = 0): upper figure - no precursors, lower figure - precursors included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-focused-pulse-relative-intensity-e-versus-the-33251gyi.png FIG. 12: The focused pulse relative intensity η versus the parameter of pump chirping q and the frequencies ωs for pump in form (9) with α = 0.5. The plasma thermal fluctuations are calculated for electron temperature 40 eV; quasi-static density perturbations are present with δn/n = 1% and the correlation length lcorr = 130µm, precursors included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-scheme-of-dangerous-places-on-phase-chirped-with-10fvsnze.png FIG. 13: The scheme of dangerous places on phase chirped with sinus with (dash line) and without (solid line) linear chirping. The sinus frequency is ωs = 3γ and parameter α = 1.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-pump-incident-on-plasma-2m7g36vw.png FIG. 1: Schematic of pump incident on plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-focused-pulse-relative-intensity-e-versus-the-28odcr5g.png FIG. 11: The focused pulse relative intensity η versus the parameter of pump chirping q and the pump spectral width ∆ω in form (8) for α = 1.5. The plasma thermal fluctuations are calculated for electron temperature 40 eV; quasi-static density perturbations are present with δn/n = 1% and the correlation length lcorr = 300µm, precursors included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-spectrum-of-pump-8-for-a-1-5-and-q-0-3tytoj7f.png FIG. 10: The spectrum of pump (8) for α = 1.5 and q = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-the-spatial-intensity-patterns-for-1sya0xbr.png FIG. 2: An example of the spatial intensity patterns for monofrequency (a) and multi-frequency (b) pumps consisting of 7 sub-beams; darker region correspond larger pump intensity. https://scispace.com/papers/noise-uncertainty-and-interest-predictive-coding-and-28kpat6172 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-belief-net-with-three-layers-the-bottom-layer-of-3h06awuo.png Fig. 1 A belief net with three layers. The bottom layer of nodes constitutes the visible layer of the network; the middle and top layers are hidden layers. The downward solid arrows indicate generative weights connecting adjacent layers of the network. When the top layer is activated in the ‘sleep phase’ (i.e. the nodes are turned on in various patterns), this initiates a message passed by the downward generative weights and causes them to activate nodes at the middle layer. The upward solid arrow represents a recognition weight. When node B is activated in the ‘wake phase’, this connection passes information to the top layer. https://scispace.com/papers/non-asymptotic-kernel-based-parametric-estimation-of-26gg9n84ib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-means-and-standard-deviations-of-the-estimated-166g7crw.png TABLE I MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF THE ESTIMATED PARAMETERS CALCULATED USING BC-NK, HMF AND SRIVC APPROACHES, FOR DIFFERENT SAMPLING INTERVALS AND SNRS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-d-time-behaviors-of-the-estimates-of-parametersa1-a2-2thndt6e.png Fig. 3. (a)-(d): Time-behaviors of the estimates of parametersa1, a2, b1, andb2 provided by the BC-NK estimator in noisy conditions (the time-behaviors of the estimates of parametersa3 anda4 are similar). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-transient-behavior-of-the-estimate-ofa1-by-the-bc-nk-3gd06atw.png Fig. 6. (a) Transient behavior of the estimate ofa1 by the BC-NK estimator and (b) respective standard-deviation. (c) Transient behavior of the estimate of a1 by the SRIVC estimator and (d) respective standard-deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-parametera1-5-estimated-by-the-srivc-method-blue-and-e2rrsfdw.png Fig. 4. (a) Parametera1 = −5 estimated by the SRIVC method (blue) and by the BC-NK estimator (black); the horizontal line (red) denotes the true parameter value. (b) Enhancement of the transient modes of behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-behavior-of-the-estimate-ofa1-by-the-bc-nk-estimator-275h9fvc.png Fig. 5. (a) Behavior of the estimate ofa1 by the BC-NK estimator and (b) respective standard-deviation. (c) Behavior of the estimate ofa1 by the SRIVC estimator and (d) respective standard-deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-the-bivariate-causal-non-asymptotic-kernel-13-3pt9umar.png Fig. 2. Plots of the Bivariate Causal Non-Asymptotic Kernel(13) and its derivatives (see (14)), forω = 0.1 andN = 5. The value ofω is different from the one used for the simulations due to mere graphical rendering reasons. https://scispace.com/papers/non-invasive-estimation-of-intracranial-pressure-by-diffuse-lcxrkdrkjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tbi-subjects-panel-a-correlation-analysis-the-solid-a9q4wur1.png Figure 4: TBI subjects: Panel a) Correlation analysis. The solid line represents the best linear fit and the dashed lines the 95% confidence interval of the fit. Panel b) Bland-Altman plot. The solid line represents the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bess-subjects-panel-a-correlation-analysis-the-1v0sjayp.png Figure 3: BESS subjects: Panel a) Correlation analysis. The solid line represents the best linear fit and the dashed lines the 95% confidence interval of the fit. Panel b) Bland-Altman plot. The solid line represents the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-bess-population-including-9k5ua5v9.png Table 1: Overview of the BESS population including information of the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-tbi-population-including-information-37tdd1w2.png Table 2: Overview of the TBI population including information of the measurement. (R denotes Raumedic, C denotes Camino and parench. stands for intraparenchymal.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-measures-to-detect-raised-icp-20-mmh-2fpvoshb.png Table 3: Performance measures to detect raised ICP (20 mmH used as a threshold) based on the estimated ICP by the RNN. Only validation data was taken into account. (PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-flowchart-after-pre-processing-the-model-1rxhzabf.png Figure 1: Algorithm flowchart. After pre-processing, the model is trained with up to 50% of the data as the training set to simulate a “weak learner”. The validation data and additional subjects can be evaluated by applying the obtained model. The normalized windows of the pulsatile CBF are the input to the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-structure-of-the-rnn-a-window-blue-of-the-1tehcq6r.png Figure 2: Schematic structure of the RNN. A window (blue) of the pulsatile CBF is fed sequentially with https://scispace.com/papers/non-intrusive-codebook-based-intelligibility-prediction-226pf39c7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-the-proposed-metric-in-terms-of-2g0iu287.png Table 2: Performance of the proposed metric in terms of Pearson’s correlation (ρ), and Kendall’s tau (τ) and the standard deviation of the prediction error (σ) between NIC-STOI and STOI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-the-predicted-stoi-scores-using-the-2m0pn85a.png Figure 4: Scatter plot of the predicted STOI scores using the nonintrusive codebook-based STOI, NIC-STOI, metric. https://scispace.com/papers/non-gaussianity-and-large-scale-structure-in-a-two-field-1op579tdpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-bias-and-stochasticity-of-galaxies-at-z-1-4-1-in-a-3qva21kq.png FIG. 2. The bias and stochasticity of galaxies at z ¼ 1 in a model with x1 ¼ 30 and x2 ¼ 0:5 (~fNL ¼ 120). The solid lines show a tracer with b ¼ 2 and the dashed lines a tracer with b ¼ 3. The background cosmology and power spectrum are those of WMAP5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-constraints-in-the-dx1-x2th-plane-including-both-the-26jchr9p.png FIG. 3. Constraints in the ðx1; x2Þ plane, including both the CMB bispectrum and the galaxy power spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-allowed-range-2-of-fnl-as-a-function-of-x2-derived-1iyz2wv5.png FIG. 1. The allowed range (2 ) of ~fNL as a function of x2 derived from the WMAP data [36]. As discussed in the text, ~fNL becomes unconstrained as x2 ! 0 because in this case the statistics describing the density distribution are dominated by the inflaton field and are nearly Gaussian. https://scispace.com/papers/non-ischaemic-cardiomyopathy-sudden-death-and-implantable-4iaycc3jfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-suggested-approach-to-consideration-of-an-icd-in-a-30fll5t0.png Figure 4: Suggested approach to consideration of an ICD in a patient with NICM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preferred-reporting-items-for-systematic-reviews-u2z5kvcu.png Figure 1: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-patient-characteristics-in-primary-and-9o0bpz1w.png Table 1: Baseline patient characteristics in primary and secondary prevention ICD trials enrolling NICM patients https://scispace.com/papers/non-iterative-voltage-stability-2ttchw7d9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-central-america-system-vsb-1iis45rp.png Figure 41. Central America System VSB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stress-trajectories-of-active-powers-at-bus-5-6-and-3sel3ju6.png Figure 5. Stress trajectories of active powers at bus 5, 6 and 8 (view 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-52-original-precision-with-five-significant-digits-1rcr3r8i.png Figure 52: Original precision with five significant digits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-parametric-motion-in-the-space-of-mismatches-1g1bvubz.png Figure 31. Parametric motion in the space of mismatches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ieee-9-bus-test-system-1x7vkvd3.png Figure 4. IEEE 9-bus test system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-contour-of-in-parameter-space-1b9n46wt.png Figure 22. Contour of in parameter space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stress-trajectories-of-active-powers-at-bus-5-6-and-34wu5cwp.png Figure 6. Stress trajectories of active powers at bus 5, 6 and 8 (view 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-also-shows-two-lines-plotted-at-certain-distance-juamzat0.png Figure 40 also shows two lines plotted at certain distance from the tangent set. This distance reflects a specially added voltage stability margin (100 MW). https://scispace.com/papers/non-linear-effects-in-the-determination-of-paleotemperature-q6fh29r1lg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-representative-examples-of-the-changes-in-inflexion-31vzyydn.png Table 1. Representative examples of the changes in inflexion point (IP; Equation 10) and Uk'37 indices measured by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC-FID Uk'37) and positive ion chemical ionizations mass spectrometry (GC-MS Uk'37). https://scispace.com/papers/non-normal-amplification-in-random-balanced-neuronal-4v3zmqa20o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-non-normal-amplification-in-random-1ferdkji.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Non-normal amplification in random neuronal networks. (a) The mean amount of purely non-normal amplification 〈A(T)〉 ≡ A(R,p) is reported as a function of the spectral radius R of W. Open circles denote the numerical solution of Eq. (A1) averaged over 20 randomly drawn connectivity matrices with connection densityp = 0.1 and sizeN = 500. Error bars denote the standard deviation over all trials. The red (upper) curve depicts the exact solution in Eq. (17). The dashed gray (lower) curve and gray circles indicate the mean removal of Eq. (11) applied to W , which effectively removes the global macroscopic fluctuations of the entire population (labeled “no DC”). The dashed vertical line represents the limit of linear stability, beyond which the non-normal part of amplification is still well defined. (b) Same as in (a), now as a function of the connection density p for a fixed R = 1. In both (a) and (b), parameters p and R fully determined the value ±w0/ √ N of the nonzero synaptic weights as w0 = R/ √ p(1− p) [cf. Eq. (4)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temporal-fluctuations-of-the-overall-population-firing-blttdvuo.png FIG. 7. Temporal fluctuations of the overall population firing rate in a balanced neuronal network. The variance of the average population activity μ(t) = ∑ xi(t)/N is reported as a function of the network size N in logarithmic scale. When inhibition perfectly balances excitation (γ = 1), the variance is asymptotically independent of the network size (gray). When inhibition dominates (γ > 1), it scales with 1/N (black). The solid lines denote the approximation in Eq. (C5). The dashed lines indicate the asymptotics [Eq. (C6)]. Points denote the empirical variance obtained by simulating Eq. (1) for 100 s, for neuronal networks constructed as specified in Sec. III with connectivity density p = 0.1. The spectral radius was set to R = 0.1 (top plot) and R = 0.5 (bottom plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-teasing-apart-normal-and-non-normal-33ugg5ry.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Teasing apart normal and non-normal amplification in random networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. (a) Example of sparse neural connectivity matrix W (left, 50 excitatory columns and 50 inhibitory columns, thinned out to 30× 30 for better visibility), a schematics of an associated Schur basis U (center), and the corresponding abstract network of Schur modes, in which the interactions are feedforward from top to bottom (right). The Schur vectors in U (center), orthogonal to one another, represent patterns of neuronal activity in the original network. The last Schur vector is explicitly chosen to be the uniform “DC” mode v = (1,1, . . . ,1)/√N and is represented here in green at the bottom. (b) Amplification via dynamical slowing (“normal” amplification) is described by the set of eigenvalues = (λ1, . . . ,λN ) of W , which for a random network lie inside a disk centered around zero in the complex plane. These eigenvalues determine the decay rates of the Schur patterns. (c) Non-normal amplification arises from the strictly lower-triangular matrix T which describes the purely feedforward part of the interactions between the Schur patterns. The first nonzero entry in the upper left corner of T is t21 and represents the “forward” coupling from the first Schur mode onto the second. The last row (tN1,tN2, . . . ,tN(N−1)), magnified at the bottom, is the coupling from the first N − 1 Schur modes onto the last (uniform) Schur mode v. (d) For a fixed large matrix W , the nonzero entries tij in matrix T are approximately normally distributed with zero mean and variance given by Eq. (9) [black (narrow) histogram, for j < i < N ]. The entries in the last row have larger variance given by Eq. (8) [i = N , green (wider) histogram]. (e)Moreover, the variance 〈t2ij 〉 acrossmany realizations of W is the same for all j < i < N (black histogram, left). Similarly, 〈t2Nj 〉 is the same for all j < N (green histogram, right). (f) The correlations 〈tij tk 〉 (for i = k or j = ) are negligible, as seen from a comparison of their empirical distribution (black) with surrogate data from triangular matrices in which nonzero entries are drawn independently from the same Gaussian distribution (gray, barely visible under the black curve). The data for panels (d)–(f) was acquired by Schur-transforming 5000 random weight matrices of size N = 100, drawn as described in Sec. III with connection density p = 0.1 and spectral radius R = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-networks-with-different-numbers-of-3k5c8mxu.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Networks with different numbers of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. (a) Non-normal amplification as a function of the spectral radius R of W , in sparse random balanced networks with fN excitatory and (1− f )N inhibitory neurons, for f = 0.5 (black, lower) and f = 0.8 (red, upper). The connection density p was set to 0.1. The dashed vertical line represents the limit of linear stability, beyond which the non-normal part of amplification is still well defined. Solid circles were obtained by averaging the numerical solution of Eq. (A1) for 20 random matrices of size N = 500. Error bars denote standard deviation over all trials. (b) Solid circles show the scaled variance N〈t2ij 〉/R2 of the nonzero Schur couplings in row i as a function of i/N and for three different values of f . These variances were computed by Schur-transforming 100 matrices of size N = 200, with R = 1 and p = 0.1. Cyan lines denote the density ρ of eigenvalues λ inside the unit disk [13] as a function of (1− |λ/R|)2. Insets show the eigenvalue spectra of three example matrices of size N = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-example-of-a-network-structure-that-9xoyd1sl.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Example of a network structure that favors non-normal amplification: unidirectional vs bidirectional synaptic connections. (a) We varied the degree of anticorrelation between reciprocal weights in the connectivity matrix, as the fraction κ of the maximum value it can assume, which is dictated by the connection sparsity (see text). This caused the eigenspectrum to stretch more and more along the vertical axis (compare the two insets), effectively decreasing the spectral abscissa R′ (black filled circles). Empirical data was obtained from numerically computing the eigenvalues of 20 different matrices of size N = 500. Error bars denote standard deviations over all trials. Gray lines are linear fits. (b) Non-normal amplification as a function of the spectral abscissa R′. When all connections between an excitatory (E) and an inhibitory (I) cell are made reciprocal, while all E → E and I → I connections are kept unidirectional [orange (upper) curve, corresponding to κ = 1 in (a)], stronger amplification is obtained in the fast dynamical regime (R′ 1). The black (lower) curve is here reproduced from Fig. 4 (purely random case, κ = 0) for comparison. The inset displays examples of 4-s snapshots of activity in a disconnected network (left), a random network (middle, κ = 0), and a maximally (though not fully) antisymmetric network (right, κ = 1). The spectral abscissa was set to R′ = 0.9. Traces were obtained from a direct simulation of Eq. (1), and are shown here only for two randomly chosen neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-linking-the-schur-triangle-to-the-1xpmdvfr.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Linking the Schur triangle to the parameters of the neural connectivity matrix. (a) The variance of the entries in the strict lower triangle T scales linearly with the square of the spectral radiusR2 of the original weight matrix W. For the last row of T, the slope of ζ 20 depends on the connection probability p (top plot). For the rest of T, ζ 2 depends only on R2 (bottom plot). Each point was obtained by empirically estimating ζ 2 and ζ 20 from 10 different Schur-transformed random neural weight matrices of size N = 400. Lines denote the analytical expressions in Eqs. (8) and (9). (b) ζ 20 in the last row of T scales superlinearly with the connection density p (top plot). In contrast, ζ 2 does not depend on p (bottom plot). (c) In the last row of T, the variance is network size-independent [green (upper) line]. In the rest of T, the variance is inversely proportional to N [black (lower) line, note the log-log scale]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-analytical-result-for-a-feedforward-1dvs3qdk.png FIG. 3. (Color online)Analytical result for a feedforward network of N Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes coupled via a random strictly lower-triangular matrix (inset). (a) The expected activity variance 〈σii〉 accumulates superlinearly from the first unit to the last down the feedforward chain. Dashed blue lines depict the closed-form lower-bound of Eq. (12). Solid red lines denote the exact solution given in Eq. (13), truncated to K = 10. Open circles represent the numerical solution ofEq. (1)—ormore exactly, the numerical solution of Eq. (A1) given in Appendix A—averaged over 20 randomly generated matrices of size N = 500. Each matrix T is characterized by the variance α2/N of the coupling coefficients tij with j < i. The strength of the external noise driving each unit independently is set to σ 2ξ = 2/τ so that all activity variances in the network would be 1 should the couplings tij be set to 0. (b) The total amplification [the area under the curves in (a), minus 1] explodes with increasing variance α2/N in the triangular connectivity matrix. Points and lines have the same meaning as in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/non-polymeric-nanogels-as-versatile-nanocarriers-1m0x7b8qho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uv-vis-absorption-and-fluorescence-emission-lex-550-1ax3qib4.png Figure 5. UV−vis absorption and fluorescence emission (λex 550 nm) spectra of a representative HYP@1 sample (solid line) and HYP in PBS (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-analysis-of-hyp-1-particles-tem-images-left-and-2xniol5l.png Figure 6. Analysis of HYP@1 particles. TEM images (left) and number-averaged diameter distribution obtained by DLS (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-obtained-by-flow-cytometry-of-cell-35ten0d7.png Figure 8. Results obtained by flow cytometry of cell viability and apoptosis in PDT experiments (2 min irradiation) with HT-29 cells and HYP as a PS. YO-PRO-1/PI was used for staining. The negative control corresponds to cells incubated with PBS. The results are the average of three different batches analyzed in duplicate. [HYP] = 0.2 μM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-images-from-clsm-lex-561-nm-cells-were-incubated-1583blxm.png Figure 7. Images from CLSM; λex 561 nm. Cells were incubated for 24 h with the samples. [HYP] = 0.2 μM. Scale bar = 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalized-uv-vis-absorbance-dashed-line-and-9y60kaeq.png Figure 1. Normalized UV−vis absorbance (dashed line) and fluorescence emission (solid line, λex 500 nm) spectra for a representative RB@1 sample (top) and RB in PBS (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clsm-images-of-ht-29-cells-incubated-for-24-h-with-3mih62mx.png Figure 3. CLSM images of HT-29 cells incubated for 24 h with free RB and RB@1 nanogels (λex 514 nm). The negative control corresponds to cells incubated with PBS. [RB] = 1.1 μM. Scale bar = 16 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-of-rb-1-particles-tem-images-left-and-1b7o0yod.png Figure 2. Analysis of RB@1 particles. TEM images (left) and number-averaged diameter distribution obtained by DLS (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-obtained-by-flow-cytometry-of-cell-2nl6ne3d.png Figure 4. Results obtained by flow cytometry of cell viability and early apoptosis in PDT experiments (2 min irradiation) with HT-29 cells and RB as a PS. Annexin V-FITC/PI was used for staining. The negative control corresponds to cells incubated with PBS. The results are the average of three different batches analyzed in duplicate (the average [RB] in culture media was 2 μM). https://scispace.com/papers/non-uniform-cluster-based-mobile-data-collector-routing-7n95oq3lk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mobile-collector-move-to-cluster-head-which-with-2mzabrkp.png Figure 3. Mobile collector move to cluster head, which with least energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wireless-sensor-network-with-cluster-sensor-nodes-1liedazp.png Figure 2. Wireless Sensor Network with cluster, sensor nodes send data to cluster heads, and then cluster heads send data to basestation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dotted-line-shows-mobile-collector-moving-track-3p6fr1t5.png Figure 4. Dotted line shows Mobile collector moving track after many rounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wireless-sensor-network-without-cluster-sensor-2p8x73qe.png Figure 1. Wireless Sensor Network without cluster, sensor nodes send data direct to basestation. https://scispace.com/papers/non-thermal-plasma-induces-a-stress-response-in-mesothelioma-2s0msn8tfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ntp-induced-autophagy-is-observed-in-malignant-2bh8nxth.png Figure 6. NTP-induced autophagy is observed in malignant mesothelioma SM2 cells and is potentiated by incubation with iron as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). (A) The cells were treated with NTP (60 s), and after an incubation of 0, 2, 4 or 8 h/37°C, they were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. After blocking, SM2 cells were then incubated with anti-LAMP1 (1:500) and anti-LC3B (1:1000) antibodies overnight at 4°C. The cells were observed using confocal microscopy. Scale bar = 20 ♣m. (B) SM2 cells were treated with or without NTP (60 s) and then incubated for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 18 or 24 h/37°C. The cells were collected, and the expression of LAMP1 and LC3B-I and -II was assessed by western blot analysis. βactin was used as a loading control. * indicates the significance value for LC3B, while # indicates the significance for LAMP1. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 vs. control. ###, p < 0.001 vs. control. (C) IMR 90SV fibroblasts, SM2 cells and EM2 cells were treated with NTP (60 s) and then incubated for 2 h/37°C. The cells were collected, and the expression of LAMP1 and LC3 was assessed by western blot analysis. β-actin was used as a loading control. (D) SM2 cells were pre-incubated with or without FAC (6.6 µg/mL) for 3 h/37°C and then treated with NTP (30 s). The cells were then incubated for a further 4 h/37°C, fixed and stained with anti-LAMP1 and anti-LC3B antibodies. These data are typical photographs from 3 experiments with the analysis/densitometry shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Scale bar = 20 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/nonanalytic-behavior-of-two-dimensional-itinerant-4o87bobsc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-scaling-function-yfxx-y-it-has-a-maximum-value-of-2t2qlcnl.png FIG. 2. The scaling function yFxx y . It has a maximum value of 0.24 at y 0.74. https://scispace.com/papers/nonequilibrium-ionization-phenomena-behind-shock-waves-2jg13r2q5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-atomic-spectra-non-equilibrium-left-and-equilibrium-2dixh9re.png FIGURE 3. Atomic spectra: non-equilibrium (left) and equilibrium (right) atomic line radiation at 1 cm from the shock front https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electronic-energy-distribution-function-for-atomic-2vx5kat7.png FIGURE 2. Electronic energy distribution function for atomic nitrogen (left) and oxygen (right) at 1 cm from the shock front https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-post-shock-temperature-left-and-electron-number-390no1fd.png FIGURE 1. Post-shock temperature (left) and electron number density (right) profiles for a fluid particle as a function of the distance from the shock https://scispace.com/papers/noninvasive-measurement-of-dissipation-in-colloidal-systems-2dsdm4nyd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-sets-i-ii-iii-107wyg4r.png TABLE I. Parameter sets I, II, III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-average-heat-production-rates-q-14q2exjk.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Average heat production rates 〈q̇〉 determined from methods (A) and (B) as described in the text for three different parameter sets I, II, and III (see Table I). To relate 〈q̇〉 to an experimental scale we choose a = 5.2 μm. Error bars are smaller than 1%. (b)–(d)Corresponding evaluatedmean local velocity fields νs(x). Regions without arrows are rarely visited by the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-comparison-between-the-force-fields-f-x-1uscqzq1.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Comparison between the force fields F(x) for the two-ring system obtained (a) analytically and (b) from NESS trajectories via Eq. (9) for parameter set I (see Table I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-representation-of-the-system-2wct3d4e.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic representation of the system: Two paramagnetic colloidal particles driven along two rings of radius R by constant forces fi . The position xi of the ith particle is the arc length measured in the counterclockwise direction. The magnetic field applied perpendicular to the rings induces a magnetic moment in each particle. The strength of the resulting repulsive interaction is quantified by the dimensionless plasma parameter . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-average-heat-production-rates-q-for-1tf55jpu.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Average heat production rates 〈q̇〉 for different plasma parameters . The parameters for the NESSs are f1 = 56kBT/μm, A1 = 175kBT , and f2 = −51kBT/μm, A1 = 164kBT obtained by the method presented in Ref. [22]. Error bars are obtained by evaluating the data set for four parts of equal size and computing the standard deviation. (b), (c) Corresponding mean local velocity fields νs(x) determined from the NESS trajectories for plasma parameters (b) = 0 and (c) = 1150, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-beam-cleanup-in-yb-doped-grin-multimode-fiber-2qwdg1yx7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-active-configuration-a-beam-quality-m2-parameter-vs-1qpk279d.png Fig. 2. Active configuration: (a) Beam quality M2 parameter vs. input peak power; insets show nearfield spatial intensity distributions, (b) spectra as function of input peak power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-passive-configuration-a-beam-quality-m2-parameter-vs-108yc90g.png Fig. 1. Passive configuration: (a) Beam quality M2 parameter vs. input peak power; insets show near-field spatial intensity distributions, (b) spectra as function of input peak power. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-control-for-urban-vehicles-platooning-relying-upon-tn5yd9v8ri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-path-following-achieved-by-the-platoon-11453r32.png Fig. 6. Path following achieved by the platoon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-velocities-third-experiment-3h6zoh8d.png Fig. 17. Velocities - third experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-adaptive-gain-evolution-first-experiment-2a07r1qc.png Fig. 12. Adaptive gain evolution - first experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-2g54sfde.png Fig. 2. Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-zoom-on-curvilinear-distance-first-experiment-fgcbul3x.png Fig. 13. Zoom on curvilinear distance - first experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-experimental-vehicles-cycabs-387dircm.png Fig. 1. Our experimental vehicles : Cycabs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-curvilinear-distance-between-cars-second-experiment-khmv9332.png Fig. 14. Curvilinear distance between cars - Second Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-tricycle-description-3akjf8xb.png Fig. 3. Model tricycle description https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-constrained-optimal-control-of-wave-energy-3re4b3gbrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-diagram-of-the-point-absorber-12-3f4g0rmv.png Fig. 1. Structure diagram of the point absorber [12] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-signal-u-and-the-heave-motion-x1-for-wave-no-1-la3axxqr.png Fig. 4. Control signal u and the heave motion x1 for Wave No.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-for-the-wec-model-14ef8e3a.png TABLE I PARAMETERS USED FOR THE WEC MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-sea-wave-profile-no-1-wave-elevation-magnitude-25dglpyu.png Fig. 3. Real sea wave profile No. 1: wave elevation magnitude and its first derivative with respect to time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structure-of-the-float-for-the-calculation-of-682r2pij.png Fig. 2. The structure of the float for the calculation of nonlinear hydraulic stiffness [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparisons-between-mpc-and-adp-for-simulation-10kv6dqb.png TABLE II COMPARISONS BETWEEN MPC AND ADP FOR SIMULATION INTERVAL T = 50 S https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-power-output-and-the-extracted-energy-with-adp-2cy8t65r.png Fig. 5. The power output and the extracted energy with ADP control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-of-the-critic-nn-weight-w-3mxpnsdx.png Fig. 6. Convergence of the critic NN weight Ŵ . https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-elastic-viscoplastic-constitutive-equations-for-4dwsioij1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-final-distributions-of-the-aging-parameter-a-in-the-1r12wat1.png Fig. 8 Final distributions of the aging parameter a in the skin and SMAS layers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-early-and-final-distributions-of-the-maximum-principal-2xw595lv.png Fig. 7 Early and final distributions of the maximum principal Cauchy stress in both the skin and SMAS layers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-constants-set-to-exhibit-specific-response-2ubqsp01.png Table 1 Material constants set to exhibit specific response characteristics of the model for SMAS and superficial fat, and skin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-constants-for-the-aging-function-for-both-3ebwbveh.png Table 2 Material constants for the aging function for both SMAS and superficial fat, and skin https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-material-constants-determined-by-available-2rfxuirp.png Table 3 Material constants determined by available experimental data for SMAS and superficial fat, and skin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-initial-and-final-meshes-for-30-years-of-gravity-188b3qa0.png Fig. 5 Initial and final meshes for 30 years of gravity loading. Also, the points associated with fixation ligaments are indicated on the initial mesh https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vertical-displacement-of-the-point-a-indicated-in-fig-37zv1acr.png Fig. 6 Vertical displacement of the point A indicated in Fig. 5 as a function of time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-the-assumed-stiffness-reduction-factor-due-to-1ywy7yix.png Fig. 1 Plot of the assumed stiffness reduction factor due to aging as a function of the aging parameter a https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-ionization-of-organic-molecules-in-high-intensity-2q0pzoaxw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intensity-dependence-of-the-femtosecond-laser-1nz39l08.png FIG. 2. Intensity dependence of the femtosecond laser ionization of xenon and benzene. The open squares refer to the total Xe ion yield, arrived at by summing the singly, doubly, and triply charged ion signals. The filled circles show the behavior of the benzene parent C6 ion. The open circles show the total ion signal following the onset of limited postpulse ion fragmentation at higher intensities. Ion signals have been normalized to the partial pressures of Xe and benzene. The solid lines are fits to the high intensity linear portions of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependence-of-intense-field-laser-ionization-on-20xx6jhe.png FIG. 1. Dependence of intense field laser ionization on intensity under parallel beam irradiation conditions. The solid line shows the behavior predicted when the ionization rate is modeled by a multiphoton mechanism, [W I Isn], with n 8 and s 10299 W2ncm2n s21 for a 20 fs square temporal pulse. The other two curves show how, for molecular ionization, sensitivity to the alignment of the electric field with a particular molecular axis would alter the predicted behavior. The dashed line is for the limiting case where only one axis of the molecule is active; the dash-dotted line is for the intermediate case where two orthogonal axes are active. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-saturation-intensities-isat-as-described-in-the-text-8qhs6hof.png FIG. 3. Saturation intensities, Isat as described in the text, for the series of 23 volatile organic molecules, as a function of the ionization potential of the molecule. The molecules, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, propyne, cyclo-propane, hexane, cyclo-hexane, hex-1-ene, cyclo-hexene, hexa-1,3-diene, cyclo-hexa-1,4-diene, hexa-1,3,5-triene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, i-propylbenzene, 2- methoxyethanol, methanol and dimethylether, and xenon are identified by chemical symbols. Generally the symbols have been centered over the relevant data point. Arrowheads mark the positions of molecules which have been displaced to avoid congestion. The solid curve shows Isat, calculated using ADK tunneling theory. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-large-deflection-theory-with-modified-aeroelastic-3h3m9bafay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-pressure-distribution-of-crm-rigid-wing-1y3ytzs5.png Figure 2. Surface Pressure Distribution of CRM Rigid Wing Model at Mach 0.85 Computed by VORLAX with Transonic and Boundary Layer Corrections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-crm-sub-scale-model-surface-pressure-map-at-a-7-12ph1hgn.png Figure 21. CRM Sub-Scale Model Surface Pressure Map at α = 7.616◦ and M∞ = 0.1162 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lift-distributions-for-bending-deflections-16vr4c9j.png Figure 8. Lift Distributions for Bending Deflections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-aeroelastic-angle-of-attack-due-to-nonlinear-1kr46r4q.png Figure 7. Aeroelastic Angle of Attack due to Nonlinear Bending Deflection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-crm-sub-scale-model-chordwise-bending-deflection-1pcsflx4.png Figure 14. CRM Sub-Scale Model Chordwise Bending Deflection at α = 9.538◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-crm-sub-scale-model-axial-displacement-at-a-9-538-3vh9h78c.png Figure 13. CRM Sub-Scale Model Axial Displacement at α = 9.538◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-crm-sub-scale-model-flapwise-bending-deflection-vs-3qk64vjs.png Figure 16. CRM Sub-Scale Model Flapwise Bending Deflection vs. Bending Stiffness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-crm-sub-scale-model-torsional-twist-at-a-9-538-336irgzd.png Figure 15. CRM Sub-Scale Model Torsional Twist at α = 9.538◦ https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-supersonic-post-flutter-motion-of-panels-with-56asdkj646 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-verification-of-limit-cycle-amplitudes-for-a-simple-2epyka9j.png Fig. 4. Verification of limit cycle amplitudes for a simple supported panel (𝑎∕𝑏 = 1) considering 𝜇∕𝑀 = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-linear-flutter-prediction-for-different-thermal-h6f22rpw.png Fig. 5. Linear flutter prediction for different thermal loading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-limit-cycle-amplitudes-for-a-simple-supported-panel-1-vh07myt4.png Fig. 6. Limit cycle amplitudes for a simple supported panel (𝑎∕𝑏 = 1) considering 𝜇∕𝑀 = 0.1, 𝜆 = 800, and 𝛥𝑇 ∕𝛥𝑇𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑘 = 1.0 and compared with results from Zhou et al. [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-selected-points-for-the-multi-bay-panel-aeroelastic-2kt37edv.png Fig. 7. Selected points for the multi-bay panel aeroelastic evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-stability-boundaries-for-the-single-and-multi-bay-16rgiv51.png Fig. 14. Stability boundaries for the single and multi-bay panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-time-histories-and-phase-portrait-for-2-and-190-1ti88hzd.png Fig. 15. Time histories and phase portrait for 𝛥𝑇 ∕𝛥𝑇𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑘 = 2 and 𝜆 = 190 revealing buckled panel to multi-bay panel and a stable panel for single panel configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-limit-cycle-amplitudes-between-a-single-1xttvg7r.png Fig. 8. Comparison of limit cycle amplitudes between a single bay and multi-bay configuration, considering 𝜇∕𝑀 = 0.1 and simple supported panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ratio-of-amplitudes-between-points-1-and-2-versus-2q45h7x7.png Fig. 9. Ratio of amplitudes between points 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 versus dynamic pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/nonsolvable-polynomials-with-field-discriminant-5-a-4xi9u5rnj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-possibilities-for-the-contribution-of-a-p-adic-dovgbxef.png Table 1. The possibilities for the contribution of a p-adic prime ideal Π to the discriminant-exponent of the local field Kj/Qp. Here and in the next three tables, boldface indicates no ramification at 2 and italics indicate no ramification at 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-five-polynomial-defining-galois-subfields-ls-of-l-s-1m2ygvim.png Table 10. Five polynomial defining Galois subfields Ls` of L s for p = 5. The degree of Ls`/Q5 is 5 `+14. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-905-fields-k-found-by-the-search-of-ss5-2-18csnhlv.png Table 4. The 905 fields K found by the search of §5.2 together with the base change operators of §5.3, sorted by discriminant 2a3b5c. Fields with b = 0 are emphasized by italics and fields with a = 0 are emphasized by boldface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ordered-pairs-ord2-j-ord3-j-1-for-409-j-invariants-1416lnsg.png Table 3. Ordered pairs (ord2(j), ord3(j−1)) for 409 j-invariants of the form f3(t) and 99 j-invariants of the form f4(1− t) with t one of the j-invariants contributing to Table 2. Underlining, italics, and boldface respectively indicate j’s which come as f4(1 − t), which yield a field unramified at 3, and which yield a field unramified at 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-frobenius-data-for-the-extensions-k-f-and-k-f-and-3fiz97be.png Table 7. Frobenius data for the extensions K/F and K̃/F and small primes p. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ordered-pairs-ord2-j-ord3-j-1-for-647-j-invariants-1v2vz3md.png Table 2. Ordered pairs (ord2(j), ord3(j− 1)) for 647 j-invariants found by the computer search of §5.2. Each of these j corresponds to a different Kj and the splitting fields all have Galois group A55.10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-different-viewpoints-on-the-24-element-set-of-36rmfsz4.png Table 8. Different viewpoints on the 24-element set of conjugacy classes in GL2(5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-5-adic-behavior-in-the-four-fields-ki-r0lyuinc.png Table 6. 5-adic behavior in the four fields K̃i. https://scispace.com/papers/nonsymmetrized-hamiltonian-for-semiconducting-nanostructures-5647823aap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-three-lowest-hole-energy-levels-ofs-3-2-symmetry-b9728yi2.png FIG. 1. The three lowest-hole energy levels ofS−3/2 + symmetry in a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum disk as a function of the magnetic field: sad "v0=10 meV,h=6 nm, sbd "v0=15 meV, andh=4 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-lowest-hole-energy-levels-for-sixteen-different-zqxzjq70.png FIG. 2. The lowest hole energy levels for sixteen different symmetries as a function of the magnetic field in GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dot: "v0=10 meV andh=10 nm. The results are given for the 636 nonsymmetrized multiband Hamiltonian. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-two-lowest-hole-energy-levels-ofs-3-2-a8u89nju.png FIG. 4. The two lowest-hole energy levels ofS−3/2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-lowest-hole-energy-levels-for-16-different-3gb6bb5y.png FIG. 8. The lowest-hole energy levels for 16 different symmetries as a function of the magnetic field in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot:"v0=10 meV and h=10 nm. The results are given for the 636 nonsymmetrized multiband Hamiltonian. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-probability-density-for-the-inas-gaas-quantum-well-3g3tfogx.png FIG. 7. The probability density for the InAs/GaAs quantum well case atkt=0.5 nm −1 using thesad nonsymmetrized Hamiltonian and sbd conventional Hamiltonian. Contributions of the different heavy- and light-hole components are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-three-lowest-hole-energy-levels-ofs-3-2-symmetry-3tvnyu1u.png FIG. 3. The three lowest-hole energy levels ofS−3/2 + symmetry as a function of the magnetic field in a GaAs/AlAs quantum dot: sad "v0=6 meV,h=6 nm andsbd "v0=30 meV,h=4 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-three-lowest-hole-energy-levels-of-inas-gaas-2ac6ts88.png FIG. 5. The three lowest-hole energy levels of InAs/GaAs quantum well as a function ofkt. Results are given for the nonsymmetrized Hamiltonianssolid lined and the conventional 636 Hamiltonian sdashed lined. The width of the well varies from 10 to 60 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-probability-density-of-the-1s-3-2-1vfczi9p.png FIG. 6. The probability density of the 1S−3/2 + https://scispace.com/papers/nonylphenol-and-octylphenol-in-adipose-tissue-of-women-in-41hpuvc1iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-of-4-nonylphenol-and-4-octylphenol-ng-1w2ly24b.png Table 1 Concentrations of 4-nonylphenol and 4-octylphenol (ng g 1 adipose tissue) in adipose tissue samples from women living in Southern Spain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-individual-concentrations-ng-g-1-adipose-tissue-of-4-3fllkp7s.png Fig. 2. Individual concentrations (ng g 1 adipose tissue) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (OP) in adipose tissue samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chromatogram-of-a-standard-mixture-of-4-nonylphenol-np-289xpntn.png Fig. 1. Chromatogram of a standard mixture of 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol F (BPF) in a spiked adipose tissue sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reported-concentrations-of-4-nonylphenol-np-and-4-uftnmzkv.png Table 2 Reported concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (OP) in human samples from different countries. https://scispace.com/papers/normal-higher-order-termination-39b0ganuev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typing-judgments-in-polymorphic-algebras-x9s67o9e.png Fig. 2. Typing judgments in polymorphic algebras https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typing-judgments-in-higher-order-algebras-3u3v9vwk.png Fig. 1. Typing judgments in higher-order algebras https://scispace.com/papers/normalization-by-valence-and-motivational-intensity-in-the-1o6tlxgq5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-units-with-significant-divisive-2u6enip6.png Figure 9. Number of units with significant divisive normalization representations of motivational intensity and valence. Plotted are the number of units for each NHP and brain region with significant fits to either model 2 or 3 (see Fig. 10 for distributions), for either motivational intensity or valence, during both the post-cue and post-feedback time periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-post-cue-and-post-feedback-example-units-for-model-18ne3kex.png Figure 7. Post-cue and post-feedback example units for model 2, which utilizes task reward and punishment labels (top rows in each subplot) and model 3, which utilizes information from the local brain regions population activity in the divisive term (bottom rows in each subplot). The x-axis represents the affective stimuli, a linear combination of reward and scaled punishment 𝑟_ + 𝛾𝑝`. The y-axis represents the post-cue (fig.7a) and post-feedback (fig.7b) firing rate (Hz). The mean and SEM of the firing rates (red) and the model (blue) are shown. Each column represents one unit, fit to model 2 (top) and model 3 (bottom) rows. First two columns show units from PMd, third and fourth columns from M1, and last two columns from S1. All units shown here have a model fit significantly different from the constant model (Ftest, p<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-post-cue-analysis-for-reward-only-task-with-2y2yxs0n.png Figure. 2. Post-cue analysis for reward-only task with divisive normalization model (Models R1dur and R1, see methods). Figure 2.1 depicts the average and standard error of the mean (SEM) of the trial time (red) for different reward levels. The x-axis represents reward level and the y-axis represent trial time (s). Figure 2.2 shows example unit reward modulation for postcue data. For each subplot, the x-axis represents reward level and the y-axis represents the post-cue firing rate (0-500ms after cue display). Each red point represents the mean post-cue firing rate for that reward level with the SEM, and the blue line represents model R1’s fit to that unit’s data. The first column includes units from PMd, the second column M1, and the third column S1. The rows from top to bottom show examples of linear, sigmoidal, and hyperbolic units. All example units and trial time fitting results are significantly different from a constant model (F-test, p<0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-post-cue-reward-and-punishment-analysis-with-1g4qc8e1.png Figure 6. Post-cue reward and punishment analysis with divisive normalization model 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-flow-of-units-from-the-post-cue-to-the-post-28zgbew2.png Figure 11. Flow of units from the post-cue to the post-feedback time periods. For each NHP and brain region we have plotted the number of units that where either insignificant (black), or significant for motivational intensity (blue) or valence (red). Top rows are for the post-cue period and bottom rows are for the post-feedback period. For the post feedback period we have color coded where the units came from during the post-cue period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3qdhyzjh.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-units-from-two-nhps-for-three-1c026eqb.png Figure. 10. Distribution of units from two NHPs for three sensorimotor brain regions fit to models 2 and 3 (see methods and text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cued-grip-force-task-the-behavioral-task-was-gy9ftfwd.png Figure 1. Cued grip force task. The behavioral task was composed of 6 scenes for each trial. First, cue and punishment levels were projected into the virtual environment during the cue display scene, with each green square indicating 0.5 seconds of juice reward delivery if the trial was completed successfully, and each red square indicating the number of 5-second timeout periods if the trial was not completed successfully. The virtual robotic arm then automatically moved to the cylindrical object during the reaching scene. Force was applied manually during the grasping scene, represented by an expanding red rectangle that was then maintained within the blue force target rectangles during the transporting scene. Once the object reached the destination the target turned green, signaling that the gripper could be released. If these steps were completed successfully the task entered the success scene, and juice was delivered according to the cued amount. If at any point the NHP applied too much or too little force, the trial was deemed a failure and the failure scene was entered where the amount of time-out period punishment was delivered according to the cued amount as the task screen turned a transparent red, and then the trial was reset and could be attempted again. https://scispace.com/papers/normalized-earthquake-damage-and-fatalities-in-the-united-1mp1xsbit9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ten-most-damaging-earthquakes-inflation-adjustment-gkixqdsq.png Table 5. Ten Most Damaging Earthquakes, Inflation Adjustment only 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-events-in-the-ngdc-s-and-ngdc-i-2gwz9ggg.png Fig. 1. Distribution of events in the NGDC-s and NGDC-i databases in 3-year bins beginning 1900–1902 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-log-log-cumulative-distribution-function-cdf-of-m3r01fq0.png Fig. 5. Log-log cumulative distribution function CDF of normalized losses for the no mitigation circles; upper-most trend , 1% mitigation ’s; middle trend , and 2% mitigation crosses; bottom-most trend cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-losses-by-decade-for-the-inflation-adjusted-1wp9aoh4.png Fig. 6. Total losses by decade for the inflation-adjusted crosshatched , normalized with no mitigation horizontal hatching , normalized with 1% mitigation dotted and 2% mitigation solid cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-normalized-damages-for-the-a-no-32i8tpee.png Fig. 4. Distribution of normalized damages for the a no mitigati log-scale and binning is set by half orders of magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-for-normalized-annual-earthquake-losses-by-30s1f4v8.png Table 3. Estimates for Normalized Annual Earthquake Losses by Data Set and Averaging Period Millions of 2005 Dollars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diamond-symbols-changes-in-time-since-1900-in-ymwdwarc.png Fig. 2. Diamond symbols: changes in time since 1900 in inflation implicit price deflator ; star symbols: wealth fixed reproducible tangible wealth ; circle symbols: U.S. population; and star symbols: San Francisco combined statistical area population. The population changes are shown as examples; in the normalized record each event has a unique population adjustment. https://scispace.com/papers/nosql-design-for-analytical-workloads-variability-matters-4vl4w9aojv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-steps-composing-the-design-method-ge2mlj0g.png Fig. 3. Summary of steps composing the design method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-affinity-matrix-for-hypernode-xproduct-contract-21nurtg3.png Fig. 5. Affinity matrix for hypernode Xproduct contract https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graph-representation-after-the-first-three-steps-3c5s7ghq.png Fig. 4. Graph representation after the first three steps https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feasible-reference-directions-for-hyperedges-1nqn4utv.png Table 1. Feasible reference directions for hyperedges https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-join-operations-in-the-subject-s-and-performance-317zebs9.png Table 2. Join operations in the subject- (S) and performance-oriented (P) designs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dbms-based-on-97uct287.png Fig. 1. DBMS based on https://scispace.com/papers/not-more-but-different-a-comment-on-the-transitions-research-4nestaloqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-risks-and-opportunities-of-more-radical-3nxbyonl.png Table 1: Selected risks and opportunities of more radical theoretical pluralism in STR https://scispace.com/papers/notch-coordinates-periodontal-ligament-maturation-through-cl4xp6xp62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-notch-signalling-has-dynamic-changes-during-pdl-2v60ql40.png Figure 2. Notch signalling has dynamic changes during PDL maturation https://scispace.com/papers/note-on-graphite-oxidation-by-oxygen-and-moisture-4cf0xbl562 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-equilibration-time-sec-vs-temperature-k-3j243rr1.png Table 5. Equilibration Time (sec) vs. Temperature (K), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustrates-another-type-of-zone-1-test-besides-the-2kfiudnq.png Figure 6 illustrates another type of zone-1 test, (besides the oxidation efficiency method) comparing the surface oxygen concentration to the value at the mid-plane. The figure plots the ratio u(0)/u(L) vs. temperature. The result is consistent with the oxidation efficiency method shown in Fig. 4, showing strong departure from the ideal zone-1 condition at temperatures above 900 K for a typical structural graphite and 800 K for a fuel matrix graphite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deff-measurements-for-o2-counter-diffusing-with-n2-3dis1m9x.png Table 1. Deff Measurements for O2 Counter-Diffusing with N2, Zero Burnoff at Room Temperature (Hewitt and Morgan, 1961) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-equilibration-times-for-o2-oxidation-of-a-am08ekc4.png Table A.1 Equilibration Times for O2 Oxidation of a Structural Graphite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-the-variation-of-the-surface-oxidation-rate-3d3bwfsw.png Figure 7 shows the variation of the surface oxidation rate vs. temperature, using (24). As shown below, when plotted in the conventional Arrhenius manner, an effective activation energy of approximately H/2 is approached at high temperature. However, this idealization is only approximately true due to other temperature influences in (24). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-deff-estimates-for-a-thick-walled-cylinder-with-a-2uc7xfs2.png Table 3. Deff Estimates for a Thick-Walled Cylinder with a Pronounced Burnoff Profile (Hawtin and Gibson, 1966) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-shows-the-variation-of-e-with-temperature-3pbzp4c5.png Figure 14 shows the variation of η with temperature determined from (65) for H2O oxidation of a 1-cm radius cylinder of H451. Deff has been assumed to be 0.01 Dgas. The figure shows that near zone-1 conditions (h > 0.8) would be maintained for this sample up about 1050 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-transposition-of-the-o2-concentration-1m84d2o3.png Figure 2 shows the transposition of the O2 concentration profile of Fig. 1 into the graphite density profile, based on equation (20). As seen in the figure, a density of 0.2 g/cm3 is assumed for the surface remnant, compared with the unoxidized density of 1.8 g/cm3 in the interior. https://scispace.com/papers/note-vectorial-magneto-optical-kerr-effect-technique-1fyjwvj3fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-temperature-dependent-in-plane-resolved-27bjz1kl.png FIG. 2. Representative temperature dependent in-plane resolved hysteresis loops at two selected angles, e.a.I. (left graphs) and −25◦ off e.a.I (right graphs) of a Fe(001) film with competing collinear biaxial and growthinduced uniaxial anisotropies. M∥(H,T ) and M⊥(H,T ) loops are represented by filled and empty symbols, respectively. Notice the change of reversal pathway from above 60 K at αH =−25◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-layout-of-tristan-main-parts-with-the-9cknlnba.png FIG. 1. Schematic layout of TRISTAN main parts, with the cryogenic line (top left quadrant), the vacuum line (top right), the cryostat (middle), and the optical bench with the optical components (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/nouns-and-verbs-in-the-brain-grammatical-class-and-task-2vgdxnqs47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-end-pu5u6jow.png Table 1 (end) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-follows-169x9135.png Table 8 (follows) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-follows-7iyfztzx.png Table 1 (end) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lexical-semantic-variables-for-nouns-and-verbs-in-1xdsddfq.png Table 2. Lexical-semantic variables for nouns and verbs in the GCST (mean ± standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-follows-ovz2ok4u.png Table 9 (follows) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-about-here-s5tz8u98.png FIGURE 4 ABOUT HERE ------------------------------- https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-stepwise-multiple-regression-analysis-on-the-pnt-rts-1aagbsiu.png Table 6. Stepwise multiple regression analysis on the PNT RTs: standardized Beta coefficients, their corresponding t-values and their associated probability are reported, together with the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-about-here-264xfzfk.png FIGURE 5 ABOUT HERE ------------------------------- https://scispace.com/papers/novel-anticancer-therapeutics-targeting-telomerase-2ubv5qr3j2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-grn163l-in-preclinical-studies-1qcak3mf.png Table II GRN163L in preclinical studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-grn163l-in-clinical-trials-3p3g9cxx.png Table III GRN163L in clinical trials https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-strategies-of-targeting-telomeres-and-telomerase-1shmzeo8.png Table I Strategies of targeting telomeres and telomerase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-vaccines-in-clinical-trials-158gy19j.png Table IV Vaccines in clinical trials https://scispace.com/papers/novel-aminoalkaloids-from-european-mistletoe-viscum-album-l-3ry001z1ji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-44-b-laciniosa-photo-professor-j-r-g-da-silva-almeida-1w0ehyhj.png Figure 44. B. laciniosa Photo Professor J. R. G. da Silva Almeida https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-structures-of-the-quinic-acid-derivatives-3-o-e-1euf20za.png Figure 29. Structures of the quinic acid derivatives 3-O-(E)-coumaroylquinic acid (38), 3-O-(Z)-coumaroylquinic acid (39), 3-O-(E)-coumaroylquinic acid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-plot-of-dpph-scavenging-activity-in-series-1-for-3qcvx0r8.png Figure 18. Plot of DPPH scavenging activity in series 1 for the novel compound 3-(3’-carbomethoxypropyl) gallic acid (Paper II). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-alpha-a-beta-b-gamma-g-and-delta-d-tocopherol-30zkcpme.png Figure 7. Alpha- (α), beta- (β), gamma- (γ) and delta- (δ) tocopherol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-1h-15n-hsqc-spectrum-of-4545-tetrahydroxy-3-23wc89x4.png Figure 14. 1H-15N HSQC spectrum of 4,5,4’,5’-tetrahydroxy-3-3’iminodibenzoic acid (8) isolated from the leaves of V. album. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-m-glyptostroboides-growing-in-the-botanical-garden-33r6lizp.png Figure 26. M. glyptostroboides growing in the botanical garden of the University of Bergen 2013 Photo: Ole-Johan Juvik. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1h-and-13c-nmr-chemical-shifts-ppm-and-the-coupling-jufotmm6.png Table 4. 1H- and 13C- NMR chemical shifts ( , ppm) and the coupling constants (J, Hz) for Protocatechuic aldehyde (12) isolated from the petioles of Zamioculcas zamiifolia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-structures-of-the-two-novel-aminoalkaloids-454-79ncb0dc.png Figure 21. Structures of the two novel aminoalkaloids 4,5,4`-trihydroxy-3-3`iminodibenzoic (7) and 4,5,4`,5`-tetrahydroxy-3-3`-iminodibenzoic acid (8). https://scispace.com/papers/novel-cellulose-based-composites-based-on-nanofibrillated-26rv0ahnfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stress-strain-curves-of-pg-and-pg-bc-nanocomposites-1vv8ty4j.png Figure 6 Stress-strain curves of PG and PG-BC nanocomposites (PGBC). The numbers indicate the BC concentration in % . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-images-of-nanocomposites-based-on-pullulan-and-nfc-196yrzfi.png Figure 7 Images of nanocomposites based on pullulan and NFC (PNFC 40 % ). (a and a ′ ) Atomic force microscopy images of PNFC 40 % with different enlargements. (b) Optical images to illustrate the transparency of films made of PG, PGNFC 20 % , and PGNFC 40 % . For abbreviations, see also Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-of-cellulose-a-a-glucan-chain-of-cellulose-3jrdiluk.png Figure 1 Images of cellulose. (a) A glucan chain of cellulose with repeating anhydrocellobiose units. (b) Macroscopic and SEM images of conventional pulp fibers. (c and c ′ ) Macroscopic and SEM images of NFC. (d) Image of BC. (d ′ ) SEM image of BC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-starch-and-composites-of-starch-a-segment-of-the-24ggdaq2.png Figure 8 Starch and composites of starch. (a) Segment of the chemical structure of a starch helix. (b) Starch granulates. (c) TPS film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-properties-of-tps-and-composites-made-of-tps-2rq4m6ae.png Figure 9 Properties of TPS and composites made of TPS reinforced with 1 % and 5 % BC and plant cellulose (VC). (a) Tensile strength. (b) Young ’ s modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-properties-of-pla-and-pla-bc-composites-a-storage-6nreayad.png Figure 3 Properties of PLA and PLA-BC composites. (a) Storage modulus of PLA and PLA-BC and PLA-BCAc acetylated (PLA-BCAc). (b) Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis of PLA, PLA-BC, and PLA-BCAc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-of-pla-a-visual-aspect-of-pla-pellets-b-and-2vhiigyn.png Figure 2 Images of PLA. (a) Visual aspect of PLA pellets. (b and b ′ ) Optical and SEM images of PLA and PLA-BC nanocomposites (PLA-BC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-to-ch-and-ch-based-composites-a-chemical-wsgu008y.png Figure 4 Images to CH and CH-based composites. (a) Chemical structure of a CH chain. (b) Illustration of the transparency of a CH film (HCH; left) and the SEM image of LCH. (c) Illustration of the transparency of a CH-BC nanocomposite (HCH-BC 10 % ; left) and the SEM image of LCH-BC 10 % . https://scispace.com/papers/novel-modification-of-heartmate-3-implantation-2dh5ri07cx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-endocardium-removed-to-expose-well-incorporated-sbh72s13.png Figure 2. Endocardium removed to expose well-incorporated pledgets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pledgets-well-incorporated-into-the-endocardium-of-6x4ifxhn.png Figure 1. Pledgets well incorporated into the endocardium of the explanted heart at the time of transplant. https://scispace.com/papers/novel-class-ii-alpha-mhc-variability-in-a-small-peripheral-3iggisp1pk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-mhc-class-ii-alpha-allele-diversity-n37w7byb.png Table 1. Comparison of MHC class II alpha allele diversity among different Atlantic salmon populations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alignment-of-class-ii-sasa-daa-a1-domain-amino-acid-23bsgbrl.png Figure 1. Alignment of class II Sasa-DAA α1 domain amino acid sequences. Those observed in this study are indicated with black circles. A ‘.’ indicates consensus; a ‘~’ indicates a gap. https://scispace.com/papers/novel-prognostic-determinants-of-covid-19-related-mortality-15824crn2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cohort-description-with-covid-19-deaths-by-patient-12vshvep.png Table 1. Cohort description with COVID-19 deaths by patient characteristics. Data are 126 presented as n (%). BMI = body mass index. 127 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariable-cox-proportional-hazards-survival-1rsozw41.png Table 2. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards survival analysis models for 3 groups 222 of prognostic factors. HR – hazard ratio, CI – confidence interval, Inf – infinite. * – P < 0.05. 223 https://scispace.com/papers/novel-sol-gel-synthesis-of-mgzr4p6o24-composite-solid-290yp15fls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tem-analysis-of-sol-gel-derived-mzp-powder-calcined-at-18x9lw69.png Fig. 9 TEM analysis of sol-gel derived MZP powder calcined at 900oC for 3h with SADPs showing (a) amorphous and (b) crystalline particles of MZP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-micrographs-of-a-a-fractured-surface-mgzr4p6o24-1x5cpwx9.png Fig. 8 SEM micrographs of (a) a fractured surface MgZr4P6O24 (MZP) pellet (b) EDS scan of sintered MZP pellet annealed at 1300oC for 24h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-e-xrd-patterns-for-mzp-powder-calcined-at-900oc-for-2gd74k3j.png Fig. 2(a-e) XRD patterns for MZP powder calcined at 900oC for 3h and MZP pellet sintered at 1300oC for 24h; MZP pellet sintered at 1090oC for 1h, cooled down to 900oC and then annealed for 75h. Included in the stack is ICDD standard data for Mg0.5Zr2(PO4)3 and a possible second phase Zr2(PO4)2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-nyquist-plots-of-mzp-pellets-sintered-at-1300oc-28m4za4f.png Fig. 4 The Nyquist plots of MZP pellets sintered at 1300oC for 24h measured at (a) 390oC and (b) 764oC in the frequency range of 100m Hz に 32 MHz. Insert is the electric modulus of MZP at 390oC and 764oC which shows the Nyquist plots for single relaxing species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-dc-conductivity-obtained-from-the-low-2s7a8k9t.png Fig. 7 Comparison of dc conductivity obtained from the low frequency plateau with ac conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ac-cramis-ideki-kide-skigewawvugekirami-aravu-m-p-1dxks3af.png Fig. 6 Ac-CﾗﾐS┌Iデｷ┗ｷデ┞ SｷゲヮWヴゲｷﾗﾐ aﾗヴ M)P ヮWﾉﾉWデく TｴW ｷﾐゲWヴデ ｷゲ ; ヮﾉﾗデ ﾗa ﾉﾗｪゝ ┗ゲく ﾉﾗｪ＼p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependence-plot-of-bulk-conductivity-for-h4m26plv.png Fig. 5 Temperature dependence plot of bulk conductivity for MZP sample sintered at 1300oC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tga-dsc-curves-of-dried-precursor-gel-of-mzp-powder-28safxff.png Fig. 1 TGA/DSC curves of dried precursor-gel of MZP powder, with a scan rate of 10oC min-1 in air. https://scispace.com/papers/ntu-trecvid-2007-fast-rushes-summarization-system-2kjay229l7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-rushes-summarization-system-our-3cyijdfl.png Figure 1: Overview of our rushes summarization system. Our system consists of three components, shot segmentation (shot and sub-shot boundary detection), redundant shot detection (junk and duplicate shot detection) and summary creation (segment selection and summary creation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-layout-and-line-categories-on-the-left-is-the-2jvgn9xx.png Figure 2: Block layout and line categories. On the left is the layout of the local color histogram for a frame (a). On the right, we show four line categories for clapper shot detection (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-for-the-performance-of-shot-boundary-31j9eide.png Table 1: Comparisons for the performance of shot boundary detection by summing the lower, middle and higher portions of the 16 χ2 differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-clapper-shots-and-clapper-board-3gd2xmos.png Figure 4: Examples of clapper shots and clapper board detection. Red lines are detected by Hough transform. Yellow and green lines are the hypothesis that validates existence of clapper boards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-single-color-and-color-bar-frames-3ef5yx3c.png Figure 3: Single-color and color-bar frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-motion-graph-corresponding-to-a-portion-of-3qmfb25c.png Figure 5: Motion graph corresponding to a portion of MRS044500.mpg. This example shows the motion of a clapper board in action. It also demonstrates that motion measures directly derived from motion vectors are good indicators for motion within frames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-on-clustering-performance-17ftiei4.png Table 2: Confusion matrix on clustering performance. https://scispace.com/papers/nucella-lapillus-l-imposex-levels-after-legislation-4rymqoecod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gross-tonnage-expressed-in-tons-gt-103t-of-commercial-7zg74zdx.png Fig. 4 Gross tonnage expressed in tons (GT.103T) of commercial ships entering and leaving the Portuguese main harbours: temporal evolution from 2003 to 2008 indicated by port. Data published by Instituto Nacional de Estat ıstica (INE) and obtained from the institution website (www.ine.pt). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nucella-lapillus-mean-male-and-female-penis-length-22xaf0gd.png Table 2 Nucella lapillus mean male and female penis length (MPL and FPL), percentage of imposex-affected females (%I) indicated per sampling site (St.) a were statistically compared and the respective significance is indicated by ast significantly different from the 2006 one, asterisks are indicated next to the 20 additional data on sites location see Fig. 1A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-global-temporal-trend-of-female-shell-height-sh-and-1oyrhac9.png Fig. 2 Global temporal trend of female shell height (\SH) and imposex levels (FPL, VDSI and %I) exhibited by specimens collected at 12 common sites along the NW Portuguese coast: for statistical analysis St. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8–13, 15 and 16 were pooled and the median was calculated for each year – 2003,23 2006 and 2008. The significance of the Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons between years is indicated on the respective plot (*: p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-magnetic-moment-of-cu-59-with-on-line-beta-nmr-on-3sabe4q1z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-on-line-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-on-oriented-nuclei-17d8u0uv.png FIG. 2. On-line nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei curve for 59Cu (sum of five scans: three in upward and two in downward direction). Plotted is the ratio of the pulser normalized count rates for the 15°(L) and 165°(R) b-particle detectors as a function of rf frequency. The integrated destruction of anisotropy is 46%. At the bottom the anisotropy at 0° for the 136 keVg ray of the 57CoFeI thermometer[Wgs0°d, corresponding to a sample temperature of about 10 mK] is displayed for the same frequency region, showing no resonant effect at the position of the59Cu resonance. The slope in the anisotropy versus frequency that is visible for both isotopes is caused by a small heating due to an increase in the power absorption by the system with increasing rf frequency. The amplitude of the signal observed by the pickup coil that was installed around the sample holder indeed increased from 49 mV at 200 MHz to 95 mV at 210 MHz and 210 mV at 220 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-contributions-to-the-calculated-effective-magnetic-248lylkt.png TABLE I. Contributions to the calculated effective magnetic moment operator for ap3/2 proton in 57Cu and 69Cu. Dm is the corresponding change in the magnetic moment with respect to the Schmidt valuemSch =3.79mN. https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-morphometry-is-a-superior-prognostic-predictor-in-5rt9l3hl48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuhrman-nuclear-grading-of-clear-cell-and-papillary-15ps1pq8.png Table 1: Fuhrman nuclear grading of Clear cell and Papillary RCCs (n=181) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-of-morphometric-data-with-65l4nxts.png Table 2: Correlation of morphometric data with histoopathological findings and disease status https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-roc-analysis-of-morphometric-variables-as-predictors-2r1w8gv7.png Table 4: ROC analysis of morphometric variables as predictors of progression-free survival https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-analysis-of-morphometric-variables-and-657hnqgn.png Table 3: Univariate analysis of morphometric variables and clinicopathological prognostic factors as predictors of progression https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-plasticity-increases-susceptibility-to-damage-during-2xmr26ca9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-morphological-changes-in-cell-nucleus-during-confined-1iwy4urn.png Fig 2. Morphological changes in cell/nucleus during confined migration. (a) Instantaneous cell velocity (vx) calculated from the start of the simulation (t = 0 s) till the instant of pore entry. (b) The dependence of average cell velocity (hvxi) on En/ET for different values of En and D0/ϕ. (c) Shapes of the cell and the nucleus at the time of pore entry for different combinations of ET and En and D0/ϕ = 1.67. xCN(t) represents the distance between the leading edge of the cell and the front edge of the nucleus at time t. xN(t) represents the distance between the nucleus center and its front edge at time t. Dotted lines depict breaks in the cell profiles. (d) Temporal evolution of cytoplasmic stretch (xCN(t)/xCN(0)) and nuclear stretch (xN(t)/xN(0)) along the direction of migration for D0/ϕ = 1.67. (e) Dependence of nuclear circularity (D/L) on En/ET for D0/ϕ = 1.67 and different values of En. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plastic-deformation-of-the-nucleus-increases-3x6cv8s7.png Fig 5. Plastic deformation of the nucleus increases susceptibility to damage. (a) Representative γH2Ax-stained images of DMSO/Blebb/RO-treated cells in upper chamber (referred as TOP) and lower chamber (referred as BOTTOM) of transwell pores 28 hrs after cell seeding. Nuclei are outlined with white dotted lines; Scale Bar = 20 μm. (b) Quantification of ratio of integrated γH2Ax intensity between BOTTOM layer and TOP layer in DMSO/Blebb/RO-treated cells (n = 40 − 120 nuclei per condition; experiment was repeated twice). Error bars represent ±SEM. Statistical significance was determined by MannWhitney test; ��� p< 0.001, NS: p> 0.05. (c) Representative Lamin A/C (green) and DAPI (blue) stained images of DMSO/ Blebb/RO-treated cells in Top and Bottom layer of transwell pores at 28 hrs after cell seeding. White arrows indicate nuclear blebs. Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Quantification of average number of blebs per nucleus in DMSO/Blebb/RO-treated cells in top and bottom layer of the transwell inserts (n> 250 nuclei per condition pooled from two independent experiments). Error bars represent ±SEM. Statistical significance was determined by Mann-Whitney test; ��� p< 0.001, NS: p> 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nuclear-plasticity-during-confined-migration-a-the-ojq4v91t.png Fig 3. Nuclear plasticity during confined migration. (a) The spatiotemporal evolution of stress distribution just after entry of the 5μm nucleus into a 3μm pore, i.e., D0/ϕ = 1.67. Contours and colourbars indicate von Mises stresses (σMises) developed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interplay-of-nuclear-and-tissue-stiffness-on-dynamics-12pnz83g.png Fig 1. Interplay of nuclear and tissue stiffness on dynamics of pore entry. (a) Schematic of a cell squeezing through a pore in a given tissue or at the interface of two different tissues. D0 and ϕ correspond to the undeformed nucleus diameter and the undeformed pore diameter, respectively. E1 and E2 correspond to the stiffness of Tissue 1 and Tissue 2, respectively. (b) Cellular deformation just after entry into pore for different extents of degree of confinement (D0/ϕ). Ec was increased from an initial value of 1 Pa to a possible maximum of 1.1 Pa under shear-induced cytoskeletal stiffening and En was assumed to be 1 kPa. (c) Force (Fentry) and time (Tentry) required for a cell (with En = 1 kPa) to enter a pore of given size and their dependence on tissue stiffness (ET = E1 = E2) and D0/ϕ. (d) Nuclear deformation for the case of cell entry through an interface between two dissimilar tissues. Dependence of Fentry and Tentry on E1/E2 for D0/ϕ = 1.67 and En = 1 kPa. (e) Contour plots of vertical tissue displacement (uy) at the time of nucleus entry into the pore, i.e., when the entire nucleus has just https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scaling-relationships-and-proposed-model-of-nuclear-27pfy81m.png Fig 6. Scaling relationships and proposed model of nuclear damage. (a) Non-dimensional cellular force scaled with possible parameters affecting the cellular force generation during confined migration for D0/ϕ = 1.67. (b) Phase diagram depicting the zones of non-plastic and plastic nuclear deformation required for pore entry for different values of En, ET and D0/ϕ. (c) Proposed model of nuclear damage. Compressive forces imposed by the surrounding tissues cause initial nuclear membrane damage. This serves as the precursor to nuclear bleb formation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-nuclear-stiffness-on-pore-migration-20e8pa2n.png Fig 4. Influence of nuclear stiffness on pore migration efficiency and nuclear plasticity. (a) Phase contrast images of HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells treated with vehicle (DMSO), 1 μM blebbistatin (Blebb) or 10 μM RO-3306 (RO) for 12 hours. Scale bar = 30 μm. (b) Representative XZ plane images of DAPI stained nuclei of DMSO, Blebb and RO-treated cells. Scale bar = 5 μm. (c) Quantitative analysis of nuclear volume (n = 20 − 50 nuclei per condition across 2 independent experiments). Error bars represent ±SEM. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA/Fisher Test; NS: p> 0.05. (d) Probing nuclear stiffness of cells with a stiff pyramidal probe. Cells were treated with DMSO, Blebb or RO for 12 hours prior to experiments. Nuclear stiffness values were estimated by fitting�2 μm of indentation data using Hertz model. (e) Quantification of nuclear stiffness of DMSO-treated, Blebb-treated and RO-treated cells (n = 40 − 60 nuclei per condition across 2 independent experiments). Error bars represent ±SEM. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA/Fisher Test; � p< 0.05, ��� p< 0.001. (f) Schematic of transwell migration assay through 3 https://scispace.com/papers/nucleated-transcriptional-condensates-amplify-gene-fglba85jyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-molecular-interaction-strength-drives-intracellular-2inflnvd.png Fig. 1. Molecular interaction strength drives intracellular phase behavior. (A) Schematic diagram of optogenetic platform. Each “optoIDR” construct consists of an N-terminal IDR (from TAF15, FUS, EWS, and DDX4) fused to fluorescent protein mCherry and the Cry2 domain. (B) Blue light illumination leads to induction of optoIDR condensates. Time since the start of illumination is shown with 0 sec indicating just before illumination. Scale bar is same for all images. (C) Steady-state cytoplasmic optoIDR concentration outside clusters (CCyto) from individual cells under blue light illumination as a function of optoIDR initial concentration (C0_Cyto; i.e., cytoplasmic concentration measured before exposure to blue light). Solid and open symbols represent individual cells with or without light-activated assemblies respectively; solid line has slope of 1 and y-intercept of 0. (D) Similar plot as (C) for cytoplasmic (black) and nuclear (gray) optoTAF15, which exhibits a higher saturation concentration in cytoplasm (C*Cyto) than nucleoplasm (C*Nuc). (Inset) Fold-change of cytoplasmic to nucleoplasmic saturation concentration of each optoIDR construct tested. Error bars, errors propagated from standard deviations. (E) Diffusion coefficient of optoIDR (FCS measurements in dark) as a function of the protein concentration. Data are plotted as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5-10 cells). The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pol-ii-ctd-clusters-regulate-nucleation-kinetics-of-2bd5yjto.png Fig. 3 Pol II CTD clusters regulate nucleation kinetics of transcriptional condensates. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transcriptional-condensates-colocalize-and-recruit-1rea10i1.png Fig. 2. Transcriptional condensates colocalize and recruit unphosphorylated CTD. (A) Fluorescent images of live cells expressing optoIDRs and EGFP-CTD after blue-light illumination. Cell nucleus is outlined by dotted line. Arrowheads point to optoIDR droplets colocalized with recruit CTD. Scale bar same for all images. (B) CTD partition coefficients in various optoIDR droplets. OptoTAF15 droplets exhibit a nearly 4-fold preferential partition of CTD, which is higher than other optoIDRs. The lines indicate the mean and error bars are standard deviations. ** denotes p value of unequal variance t-test < 0.01. (C) OptoTAF15-10RD has a higher saturation concentration (C*) than optoTAF15 in nucleoplasm. Inhibition of CTD phosphorylation with THZ1 leads to a decrease in the nucleoplasmic saturation concentration of optoTAF15 and optoTAF15-10RD, but no significant (n.s.) change in cytoplasm. (D) The relative cytoplasmic-to-nucleoplasmic saturation concentration correlates with nuclear CTD partitioning into optoIDR droplets. The dashed curve is qualitative. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-condensation-of-transcriptional-idrs-enhance-ve78ved1.png Fig. 4. Condensation of transcriptional IDRs enhance transcription. (A) Fluorescent images of cell expressing different optoIDR constructs after blue light-illumination. Nascent RNA transcripts are labeled by EU incorporation. Arrowheads point to puncta of nascent transcripts colocalized with optoTAF15 condensates. Cell nucleus is outlined by dotted line. Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Colocalization for nascent RNA various optoIDRs. Degree of colocalization is measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficient of nuclear pixel intensity (nucleoli excluded) between RNA EU and optoIDR channels; +1 indicates perfect correlation, 0 no correlation, and -1 perfect anticorrelation. The lines within indicate the mean and error bars are standard deviations. Significance is denoted by ** for p value of unequal variance t-test < 0.01. (C) Conceptual model for the role of transcription condensate nucleation underlying bursts of gene expression. Transcription condensates heterogeneously nucleate at nascent CTD hubs and recruit additional CTD. These amplified transcription loci further drive transcription elongation. https://scispace.com/papers/numa-in-rat-testis-evidence-for-roles-in-proliferative-3r8nd68jgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-western-blot-analysis-of-rat-numa-a-western-blot-3rxob106.png Fig. 4. Western blot analysis of rat NuMA. (A) Western blot analysis of different stages of rat seminiferous tubule. Six 0.5-cm segments from seminiferous tubules were prepared for each of following pools: II –VI, VII–VIII, IX–XII, XIII– I, and samples were prepared for SDS-PAGE. Total extract from rat testis was used as a control. Two parallel gels were run: one for Coomassie brilliant blue staining (CBB) to confirm equal loading and another for immunoblotting with NuMA antibody (SPN-7). NuMA is present in all stages of rat spermatogenic cycle. In the whole testis, an additional approximately 200-kDa protein is detected. (B) Comparison of molecular weight of rat and human NuMA. Cultured rat fibroblasts and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) were prepared for SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with NuMA antibody (SPN-7). Rat NuMA has higher apparent molecular weight (approximately 250 kDa) than human NuMA (238 kDa). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-expression-profile-of-numa-in-different-stages-of-z1z6rb6f.png Fig. 5. The expression profile of NuMA in different stages of rat seminiferous epithelial cycle. The figure summarizes the data shown in Figs. 1–3. The expression of NuMA is shown in red. Different stages of rat seminiferous epithelium are shown in Roman numbers and the corresponding transillumination pattern of the seminiferous tubule is shown above. The duration of the stages in days is shown in Arabic numbers and different cell types and the stages in which they are present are shown at the bottom. Abbreviations are as follows: A, type A; IN, intermediate; B, type B; PL, preleptotene; L, leptetene; Z, zygotene; EP, early pachytene; LP, late pachytene; D, diakinetic; DIV, division; RS, round spermatid; ES, elongated spermatid; MS, mature phase spermatid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-localization-of-numa-in-rat-testis-frozen-sections-11yvcxph.png Fig. 1. The localization of NuMA in rat testis. Frozen sections of rat testis tissue w immunoreaction was localized by using an avidin–biotin complex peroxidase k streptavidin-labeled Texas red (C). Sections A and B were counterstained with hem Basal differentiating type A spermatogonia (Sa) are strongly NuMA-positive. Ear diakinetic spermatocytes (S1L) are positive. NuMA is expressed in early spermatid positive. In meiotic spermatocytes (S1*), NuMA is relocated to the spindle poles https://scispace.com/papers/number-of-negative-modes-of-the-oscillating-bounces-l9146ux8sj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-oscillating-bounce-solution-with-three-3uahme0y.png FIG. 2 (color online). Oscillating bounce solution with three nodes of ’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scalar-field-potential-v-3ue22pz4.png FIG. 1. Scalar field potential V ’ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zero-energy-wave-function-f-of-schrodinger-equation-of-3tj3gnqp.png FIG. 3. Zero energy wave function f of Schrödinger equation of linear perturbations about oscillating bounce solution with three nodes of ’. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-analysis-and-computing-of-free-boundary-problems-3u8m9r2jf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-numerical-solution-u1-x-t-of-example-3-for-several-1b8aiqpj.png Figure 4: Numerical solution Ū1(x, t) of Example 3, for several equidistant times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-solution-u3-x-t-of-example-3-for-several-2evn2s5g.png Figure 5: Numerical solution Ū3(x, t) of Example 3, for several equidistant times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dependence-of-process-time-on-the-temporal-step-size-av665kfw.png Table 2: Dependence of process time on the temporal step size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-position-of-the-numerical-carbonation-front-rn-and-3v9n3lo3.png Figure 3: Position of the numerical carbonation front √ rn, and values of ρ2,n, in Example 2, as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-concentrations-ui-x-t-i-1-2-5-and-ui-x-t-wg38zp4m.png Figure 2: Numerical concentrations Ūi(x, t), i ∈ {1, 2, 5}, and Ūi(x, t), i ∈ {3, 6}, in Example 2 for t = 9 years, under stability conditions (110), (117) and (120), (121)-(123) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-numerical-solution-u1-x-t-of-example-1-for-t-0-95-31pflpny.png Figure 1: Numerical solution Ū1(x, t) of Example 1 for t = 0.95 years, when positivity condition is broken. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-for-numerical-examples-16bi9w38.png Table 1: Data for numerical examples. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-analysis-of-acsr-conductor-clamp-systems-i49bkqv1ot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-usual-loading-conditions-at-the-suspension-clamp-and-1vpp9k56.png Fig. 1. (a) Usual loading conditions at the suspension clamp and (b) Schematization of Yb measurement at a suspension clamp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-acsr-drake-contact-status-mapping-at-yb-0-3-mm-and-0-1r4pt3zd.png Fig. 10. ACSR Drake contact status mapping at Yb = 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm for inter-wire contacts between (a) layers 1 and 2, (b) layers 2 and 3, and (c) between layer 3 and the clamp surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematization-of-acsr-drake-contact-status-mapping-at-2eim8joc.png Fig. 9 – Schematization of ACSR Drake contact status mapping at Yb = 0.82 mm, reproduced from [18], for inter-wire contacts between (a) layers 1 and 2, (b) layers 2 and 3, and (c) between layer 3 and the clamp surface https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-geometric-parameters-of-conductor-clamp-systems-1o8i9yrq.png TABLE II GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF CONDUCTOR-CLAMP SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-acsr-stranding-properties-gf853tk8.png TABLE I ACSR STRANDING PROPERTIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-conductor-clamp-3ursk53w.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the conductor-clamp configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-acsr-bersfort-contact-status-mapping-at-yb-0-32-mm-33jf07h1.png Fig. 11 ACSR Bersfort contact status mapping at Yb = 0.32 mm and 0.76 mm for inter-wire contacts between (a) layers 1 and 2 (b) layers 2 and 3, (c) layers 3 and 4, and (d) between layer 4 and the clamp surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-stress-amplitude-distributions-sa-t-left-charts-sa-b-1ij1oavh.png Fig. 15 Stress amplitude distributions σa,t (left charts), σa,b (middle charts) and σa,t+b (right charts) for ACSR Bersfort wires of layer 4 for (a) Yb = 0.32 mm and (b) Yb = 0.76 mm https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-approximation-of-dirichlet-to-neumann-mapping-and-2qa5y2k1gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correspondence-between-complex-eigenvalues-and-3tw9ixaw.png Fig. 3. Correspondence between complex eigenvalues and frequency response https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-dimensional-shape-of-vocal-tract-for-vowel-i-hjaftosz.png Fig. 1. Two-dimensional shape of vocal tract for vowel /i/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-response-function-for-vowel-i-2bsmcyxv.png Fig. 2. Frequency response function for vowel /i/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changing-of-area-from-the-neutral-shape-to-i-3fky9lsn.png Fig. 4. Changing of area from the neutral shape to /i/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-complex-vectors-by-variational-formula-on-eigenvalue-2ayqb37f.png Fig. 5. Complex vectors by variational formula on eigenvalue trajectory https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-dosimetry-of-currents-induced-in-the-human-body-by-14z6ljrul2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-obtained-with-several-meshes-of-the-sphere-1rmua2hz.png Table 1: Errors obtained with several meshes of the sphere https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-induced-current-in-ma-m2-in-the-body-by-a-uniform-3sgwxzvd.png Figure 3: Induced current (in mA/m2) in the body by a uniform vertical field (1 mT, 50 Hz) by using the φ− a (left) and t− b formulation (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-and-max-current-density-induced-in-the-2bh5367r.png Table 2: Average and max current density induced in the different organs by a uniform field of 1 mT at 50 Hz (mA/m2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-of-the-hta-bt-transformer-red-kernel-1lhrk75p.png Figure 4: Model of the HTA/BT transformer (red: kernel, turquoise: primary coils and power lines) and flux density b (blue arrows) in the exposure area (the darker box) computed by FLUX3D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-induced-current-in-a-homogeneous-disk-computed-by-3ad1u00m.png Figure 1: Induced current in a homogeneous disk computed by the φ − a formulation (◦), t− b formulation (+) compared to the analytical computation (straight line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-induced-current-at-the-surface-of-the-human-body-2qr7exlf.png Figure 5: Induced current at the surface of the human body computed by the t − b formulation (unit = mA/m2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-error-distribution-on-the-induced-current-obtained-mdy4q53n.png Figure 2: Error distribution on the induced current obtained with the φ − a (white) and t − b (blue) formulations, for different meshes of the sphere. The values on abscissa (namely x) represent the percent error with respect of the analytical solution; the height of bars represents the fraction of elements (also in percent) for which the error is smaller than x%. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-calculation-of-the-rate-of-crystal-nucleation-in-a-1qoyn90efw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-distribution-functions-of-the-local-order-3ntg1a2f.png FIG. 1. Probability distribution functions of the local order parameters, as defined in Eqs.~12! and ~13!, in a Lennard-Jones system for a thermally equilibrated liquid, bcc and fcc structure at 20% undercooling (P55.68, T50.92). The distribution functions are based on averages over 50 independent atomic configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distributions-of-the-number-of-connections-per-882zb7lo.png FIG. 2. Distributions of the number of connections per particle in a Lennard-Jones system for a thermally equilibrated liquid, bcc and fcc structure at coexistence (P55.68, T51.15). The distributions are based on averages over 50 independent atomic configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-square-of-the-scaled-structural-order-parameter-as-a-1sx0p5iv.png FIG. 8. Square of the scaled structural order parameter as a function of the scaled density for the critical nucleus in a Lennard-Jones system at 20% undercooling (P55.68,T50.92!. The scaled structural order parameter is given by NCPsc[ (NCP2NCPliq /NCPsol2NCPliq) , and the scaled density is given by densitysc[ ~density2densityliq /densitysol2densityliq) , where NCP is the number of connections per particle, and liq and sol denote that the quantities are computed in the bulk liquid and bulk solid, respectively. The solid line is the result from the simulations, and the dashed straight line is the prediction of the density functional theory of Oxtoby~Ref. 49!. Based on averages over 50 independent atomic configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-density-and-the-number-of-connections-per-particle-10hb7qrm.png FIG. 9. The density and the number of connections per particle~NCP! as a function of r , the distance to the center-of-mass, for the critical nucleus and several postcritical nuclei in a Lennard-Jones system, at 20% undercooling (P55.68, T50.92). Based on averages over 50 independent atomic configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-two-dimensional-analog-of-the-translation-of-all-1txbinxa.png FIG. 12. The two-dimensional analog of the translation of all particles in the right half of the truncated octahedron, our simulation box, to the space between the left half of the truncated octahedron and the containing cube ~containing the truncated octahedron!, in order to set up the cell list. The rotated square in the middle corresponds to the truncated octahedron and the containing square corresponds to the containing cube. In this analog the translation of the particles corresponds to a translation of all particles in area A to the areaA8 and all particles in areaB to the areaB8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structure-of-the-critical-nucleus-indicated-byf-liq-f-2m5hhfrg.png FIG. 6. Structure of the critical nucleus, indicated byf liq , f bcc, f fcc , and D2, as a function ofr , the distance to its center-of-mass, at 20% undercooling (P55.68,T50.92) in a Lennard-Jones system. This figure is based on averages over 50 independent atomic configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-density-and-the-number-of-connections-per-particle-2oio71gm.png FIG. 7. The density and the number of connections per particle~NCP! as a function of r , the distance to the center-of-mass, for the critical nucleus in a Lennard-Jones system at 20% undercooling (P55.68, T50.92). The coordinate-axes are such that they range from a liquid to a bulk solid value, both for the density and the structural order parameter.RCNT is the radius of the critical nucleus as given by classical nucleation theory. Based on averages over 50 independent atomic configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-data-used-to-calculate-the-nucleation-rate-as-3bzd2pej.png TABLE III. Data used to calculate the nucleation rate as given by classical nucleation theory; the average of the surface free energies,, calculated by Broughton and Gilmer~Ref. 48!, the enthalpy change per particle on freezing, Dh, at coexistence~Ref. 42!, the estimated difference in chemical potentialDm between the bulk fcc solid and bulk liquid at 20% undercooling, and the volume per particle in the bulk fcc solid at 20% undercooling, v fcc , both forP50.67 andP55.68. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-investigations-of-parametric-decay-into-trapped-5d4tpsw2sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-mismatch-of-the-primary-daughter-waves-that-3bwmplsb.png FIG. 4. Frequency mismatch of the primary daughter waves that satisfy the selection rules in Eq. (1) against density for B ¼ 2:4 T and Te ¼ 100 eV. Colored solid lines refer to different types of primary decay daughter waves. Dotted lines mark peak densities in simulations that are run in this article. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-different-density-profiles-to-be-compared-the-hard-mg1eh09f.png FIG. 11. Different density profiles to be compared. The hard profile refers to the simulation based on Fig. 5. The remaining profiles are of the form nðxÞ ¼ exp ð jx=‘njcÞ with the relevant parameters shown in Table I. Resulting longitudinal fields using an intensity of Ipump ¼ 1 kW=mm2 are shown in Fig. 12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-density-profile-for-simulations-of-tpd-near-the-second-3cfyh02h.png FIG. 5. Density profile for simulations of TPD near the second harmonic UH layer. Red and blue lines are þ and , respectively, of Eq. (3) for fj ¼ f0=2 ¼ 70 GHz. The electron temperature is T¼ 100 eV, the magnetic field is B ¼ By ¼ 2:4 T, and the black dotted lines mark positions of the UH layer of the trapped f0=2 waves. The pair of daughter waves excited in the homogeneous center has a small frequency mismatch and produces two such loops of different sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-density-profile-and-fft-spectrum-of-the-longitudinal-2mbg35zw.png FIG. 9. Density profile and FFT spectrum of the longitudinal electric field for a simulation with a higher density setup further from the second harmonic UH layer (compare with Fig. 5). (a) Density profile with the red and blue lines being þ and , respectively, of Eq. (3) for fj¼ f0=2¼ 70 GHz. The UH layers are indicated by the vertical dotted lines. (b) k- and f-space for Ipump¼ 1 kW=mm2 and 25 ns < t < 35 ns like in Fig. 7(b). Bold blue letters are labels for nearby peaks mentioned in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-2d-simulations-using-parameters-similar-to-fig-5-but-1apyc97t.png FIG. 15. 2D simulations using parameters similar to Fig. 5 but with a narrow periodic y-direction and the magnetic field pointing in the z-direction. (a) Mean squared x-component of the electric field averaged over the homogeneous center of the 2D domain for a simulation with a pump intensity of Ipump¼ 1 kW=mm2. The mean squared field is compared to a 1D simulation of similar parameters, and the growth of the 2D simulations is fitted with an exponential function. The growth rate is found to be 2cTPD¼ 4.3 10 1ns 1¼ 4.9 10–4(2pf0) for the 2D simulation. (b) A snapshot of the y-component of the electric field at t¼ 30 ns, after the primary daughter waves have visibly formed. Note that the scales on the x- and y-axes are not the same. Unlike the pump wave, the trapped waves not only propagate in the x-direction. Compare to the 1D figure in Fig. 6(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-scan-of-pump-intensity-for-the-profile-shown-in-fig-s9zkweld.png FIG. 13. A scan of pump intensity for the profile shown in Fig. 5. Then, for each simulation, the growth rate of the primary decay instability is determined, and a power law is fitted to the found growth rate plotted against the pump intensity. (a) Mean squared longitudinal electric field averaged over the homogeneous center of the domain for a number of pump intensities. The plotted curves are averaged over 50 time steps. The dotted black lines are fits of the form /(t)¼hE02 iþ a exp(2cTPDt). (b) A plot of the fitted growth rates in Fig. 13(a) against pump intensity shown with orange crosses. The dotted blue line is the fit indicated above the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-two-types-of-pis-involving-three-2ugajewt.png FIG. 1. An illustration of two types of PIs involving three waves: a decay into two waves and scattering or combination of two waves. Both satisfy Eq. (1). As indicated, a long wavelength wave may decay into two short wavelength waves provided that their k-vectors point in different directions, which would be the typical situation for TPD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sketch-of-a-parametric-decay-cascade-which-is-1w7fdnmj.png FIG. 3. A sketch of a parametric decay cascade, which is initiated by TPD of a gyrotron pump wave. First, two trapped half frequency UH waves are excited through PDI; these are the primary daughter waves. The primary daughter waves may decay further through secondary PDIs involving both UH and LH waves. Finally, tertiary PIs may combine excited trapped UH waves into escaping waves, shifted from the gyrotron in frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-methods-for-the-stability-of-time-periodic-hybrid-3bwfttken3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentrated-parameter-model-of-the-haptic-device-17wst2fi.png Figure 1: Concentrated parameter model of the haptic device based on [15] with simultaneous consideration of continuous delay τ in the human interaction and discrete delay ∆t in the digital controller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-stability-lobes-diagrams-computed-by-the-pt-method-1oq9euep.png Figure 13: Stability lobes diagrams, computed by the PT method for down-milling operations with active damper using system parameters given in Table 3. The stability boundaries were computed using order N = 18 of polynomial approximation and, for non-zero δt, resolution ṽ = 5. Panels A)–D) show stability boundaries for different (kP , kD) control gain combinations with v = 1 and increasing δt sampling times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stability-diagrams-computed-by-the-se-method-for-ptbr5vmk.png Figure 3: Stability diagrams, computed by the SE method, for the haptic system (60) without active human interaction (Ph = 0, Dh = 0), with time history length τ = 0.1 [s] and system parameters given according to Table 1. In panels A) and B), stability boundaries are shown with fixed element number E and increasing order N of polynomial approximation for two different principal periods Tp = σ∆t . In panels C) and D), stability boundaries are shown with fixed order N of polynomial approximation and increasing E element number for two different principal periods. The exact stability boundaries are shown with thick gray lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coordinates-of-the-6-investigated-points-of-1ljli1qr.png Table 4: Coordinates of the 6 investigated points of parameter plane (Ωd, Hd), marked in Figure 10. The accurate dominant characteristic multiplier µ∗ is given by the dominant characteristic multipliers µ∗SE and µ ∗ PT computed using the SE method with N = 80, E = 1 and the PT method with N = 80, ṽ = 40, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-parameters-used-for-the-stability-1x8n3qh0.png Table 3: System parameters used for the stability computations of (71) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-system-parameters-used-for-the-stability-3uy010u1.png Table 1: System parameters used for the stability computations of (60) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stability-diagrams-computed-by-the-pt-method-for-2sdzi7j0.png Figure 2: Stability diagrams, computed by the PT method, for the haptic system (60) without active human interaction (Ph = 0, Dh = 0) and with parameters given according to Table 1. In panels A) and B), stability boundaries are shown for two different time history lengths τ with increasing order N of polynomial approximation. The exact stability boundaries are shown with thick gray lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convergence-diagrams-corresponding-to-the-2mamei3e.png Figure 6: Convergence diagrams corresponding to the respective panels of Figure 3. The diagrams show the normalized error en of the dominant characteristic multiplier in terms of polynomial order N and element number E for 6 points of the (P,D) parameter plane given in Table 2 and indicated in Figure 3. Diagrams were computed by the SE method for the case of no active human interaction (Ph = 0, Dh = 0) using parameters given in Table 1 and τ = 0.1 [s]. In panels A) and C) σ = 10, while in panels B) and D) σ = 20 is applied. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-modeling-of-heat-transfer-and-fluid-flow-in-rotor-4wqd1pr84z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-2zjfvvba.png Fig. 1. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-v2czcbn1.png Fig. 13. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-90ofc2el.png Fig. 5. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-1s4l6eoq.png Fig. 4. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-lv5umzt5.png Fig. 14. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-1se8bifp.png Fig. 9. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-171c9a9m.png Table 1 Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-poncet-s-and-schiestel-r-int-j-heat-mass-transfer-1atzdgwa.png Fig. 8. Poncet S. and Schiestel R., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-optimization-for-high-efficiency-low-noise-41xu0296z2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-optimized-airfoils-for-different-combinations-of-3gsfl519.png Fig. 9 Optimized airfoils for different combinations of weights of efficiency and noise. Drag polars comparison. Free transition; RFoil predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-drag-curve-for-the-naca-633418-airfoil-comparison-1helhym5.png Fig. 3 Drag curve for the NACA-633418 airfoil; comparison between XFOIL and RFOIL with experiments [15]. Reynolds number 6 million, free transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-optimized-airfoils-for-different-combinations-of-269c54be.png Fig. 8 Optimized airfoils for different combinations of weights of efficiency and noise. Lift curves comparison. Free transition; RFoil predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optimized-airfoils-for-different-combinations-of-ajaljtt0.png Fig. 5 Optimized airfoils for different combinations of weights of efficiency and noise. Lift curves comparison; RFoil predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optimized-airfoils-for-different-combinations-of-voa5q4iw.png Fig. 6 Optimized airfoils for different combinations of weights of efficiency and noise. Drag curves comparison; RFoil predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lift-curve-for-the-naca-633418-airfoil-comparison-g7gj7ot4.png Fig. 2 Lift curve for the NACA-633418 airfoil; comparison between XFOIL and RFOIL with experiments [15]. Reynolds number 6 million, free transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimized-airfoils-for-different-combinations-of-3qkfl493.png Fig. 4 Optimized airfoils for different combinations of weights of efficiency and noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pareto-curve-aerodynamic-efficiency-calculated-in-3molh9vn.png Fig. 11 Pareto curve. Aerodynamic efficiency calculated in fixed transition conditions (RFoil predictions). https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-modeling-of-urea-water-based-selective-catalytic-49w60rr69n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-computational-domain-for-droplet-spreading-case-r3cmmyf1.png Fig. 6. Computational domain for droplet spreading case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-total-film-area-3t3odlj8.png Fig. 11. Comparison of total film area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-spray-angles-2ttdzkmx.png Fig. 3. Schematic representation of spray angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spray-penetration-e-comparison-between-simulation-and-2g5c6ocr.png Fig. 2. Spray penetration e comparison between simulation and experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-evaporated-film-mass-38dr55kk.png Fig. 13. Comparison of evaporated film mass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-the-simulated-spray-pattern-and-the-2gnbdhgk.png Fig. 4. Comparison between the simulated spray pattern and the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-based-droplet-size-distribution-21ekmpmw.png Fig. 5. Number based droplet size distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computational-domain-with-boundary-conditions-lda6jhj7.png Fig. 8. Computational domain with boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulation-of-the-coffee-ring-effect-inside-3q6pvx0xvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-evolution-of-particles-on-a-time-dependent-2ihf36nx.png Fig. 11 Evolution of particles on a time-dependent evaporation rate in a 30◦ tilted cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-evolution-of-particles-on-the-time-dependent-24bmwnos.png Fig. 9 (a) Evolution of particles on the time-dependent evaporation rate in a conical container. (b) Histogram of particles with respect to height at final time t = 29084∆t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-histograms-of-number-of-pinned-particles-with-respect-bkt4x3my.png Fig. 12 Histograms of number of pinned particles with respect to height at final time t = 3000∆t in (a) 45◦ tilted and (b) 30◦ tilted cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coffee-droplet-on-a-transparent-film-on-a-grid-paper-a-1gdlv7bb.png Fig. 1 Coffee droplet on a transparent film on a grid paper (a) before and (b) after evaporation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-illustration-of-the-liquid-domain-t-over-3kginmfs.png Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of the liquid domain Ωt over time at (a) t = 0 and (b) t = T where T is a certain time. Note that the coloured surface represents the top-level surface Γt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-making-coffee-angel-rings-in-a-conical-flask-a-coffee-2aocbpz6.png Fig. 2 Making coffee angel rings in a conical flask: (a) Coffee solution contained in a conical flask and (b) Coffee angel rings made after evaporation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-pinning-process-3ttn6my4.png Fig. 4 Schematic representation of pinning process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-evolution-of-particles-in-a-cylindrical-container-2g1rw1ux.png Fig. 5 (a) Evolution of particles in a cylindrical container without evaporation. (b) Histograms of particle number with respect to height at the corresponding times. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulation-of-the-fractional-flow-reserve-ffr-29nrvovfsh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-pa-pd-and-vffr-variation-according-to-the-2iqdiqsi.png Figure 10. Left, Pa, Pd and VFFR variation according to the degree of stenosis R in the case of multiple stenoses. Right, Pa, Pd and VFFR variation according to the lesion radius δ in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vffr-variation-for-lesions-with-different-radius-2sztlwt4.png Figure 8. VFFR variation for lesions with different radius according to the degree of stenosis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-pa-pd-and-vffr-variation-according-to-the-25nv3yd2.png Figure 7. Left, Pa, Pd and VFFR variation according to the degree of stenosis R. Right, Pa, Pd and VFFR variation according to the lesion radius δ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-velocity-and-pressure-field-corresponding-to-5sakggmg.png Figure 9. Top, velocity and pressure field corresponding to identic lesions of 40% stenosis, with a spacing ‘a’ of 0.5 cm. Bottom, velocity and pressure field with a spacing ‘a’ of 1.5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-velocity-and-pressure-field-with-navier-stokes-109upu4a.png Figure 4. Left, velocity and pressure field with Navier–Stokes equation at time t = 0.3 s. Right, velocity and pressure field with the generalized flow model at time t = 0.3 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-represents-schema-of-the-invasive-ffr-2273i25x.png Figure 2. Left, represents schema of the invasive FFR technique [6]. Right, a typical example of FFR measurement. Automated calculation of FFR corresponds to the ratio of mean distal coronary pressure (green) to mean aortic pressure (red) during maximal hyperemia, see [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-left-pa-pd-and-vffr-variation-according-to-the-1frsq94k.png Figure 13. Left, Pa, Pd and VFFR variation according to the degree of stenosis R using the fluid–structure interaction model. Right, Pa, Pd and VFFR variation according to the lesion radius δ using the fluid–structure interaction model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ffr-calculation-in-this-case-the-degree-of-stenosis-b747bij5.png Figure 5. FFR calculation. In this case, the degree of stenosis is equal to 40% and the VFFR is equal to 0.81. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulation-of-polarization-resolved-second-ukuqdygd2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-symmetry-of-the-focal-field-with-respect-2roqq15d.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Symmetry of the focal field with respect to the inversion of x and y coordinates. The two largest components Ex‖ and Ey⊥ are symmetric with respect to both inversions; the smallest componentsEy‖ andEx⊥ are fully antisymmetric. TheEz components are symmetric with respect to one inversion and antisymmetric with respect to the other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-different-shg-types-in-the-tendon-by-3qblbnj1.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Different SHG types in the tendon by analogy with the phase-matching types in birefringent crystals. Type 0 corresponds to generation of an extraordinary wave by two extraordinary waves (governed by the χ (2ω)xxx tensorial component). Type I corresponds to generation of an extraordinary wave by two ordinary waves (χ (2ω)xyy ). Type II corresponds to generation of an ordinary wave by one extraordinary and one ordinary wave (χ (2ω)yxy and χ (2ω)yyx ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-intensity-distribution-of-the-simulated-1umvytir.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Intensity distribution of the simulated focal field for an objective with NA of 0.95 in a birefringent medium normalized to the x component of the x-polarized incident field Ix‖ (a),(d). The objective z coordinate is zobj = 50 μm. (a),(d),(g),(j) x-polarized component; (b),(e),(h),(k) y-polarized component; (c),(f),(i),(l) z-polarized component. Calculations for (a1)–(l1) no = 1.33; (a2)–(l2) no = 1.5; (a)–(f) incident beam polarized along the tendon optical axis; (g)–(l) incident beam polarized perpendicularly to the tendon axis. Intensity profile (a)–(c),(g)–(i) in the xy plane; (d)–(f),(j)–(k) in the xz plane; (l) in the yz plane. White dotted lines on xy slices indicate the xz slice position, and vice versa. Numbers indicate the intensity factor with respect to the Ix‖ intensity. Intensities for no = 1.33 are larger than those for no = 1.5 by a factor of 1.441. The difference in z position between no = 1.33 and no = 1.5 is due to the different index mismatch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-data-flow-of-pshg-numerical-calculation-qrgj4skw.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Data flow of PSHG numerical calculation. For two components Einc,‖ and Einc,⊥ of the incident field, ten components Eo,ei;‖,⊥ of the focal field are calculated in the tendon. The induced nonlinear polarization P2ωi then contains 17 quadratic terms of different order and symmetry. Each of these terms produces an ordinary EEo and an extraordinary EEe radiation component (34 total). Radiation diagrams I(θ,ϕ) for any chosenα are then calculated using these components EE and their respective angular dependences T o,e;i https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-simulated-total-shg-intensity-in-the-2l8g591u.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Simulated total SHG intensity in the tendon as a function of incident polarization angle α to the tendon axis and of imaging depth zobj for the eight parameter sets listed in Table I. (a) SHG intensity I (α,zobj) as a function of incident field polarization angle α and imaging depth zobj. (b) SHG intensity depth profiles for α = 0 (green dotted line), α = π/4 (blue dashed line), and α = π/2 (red dash-dotted line). (c) Anisotropic parameter ρ (blue dashed line) and parameter (green dotted line) as functions of zobj. ρ and are extracted from the intensity diagrams as explained in [9]. Contrast is enhanced for images (a2), (a4), (a6), and (a8). Parameters used for the simulations were ρ = 1.36 and η = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-d-simulated-phase-shift-between-squared-3dw259hn.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a)–(d) Simulated phase shift between squared x- and y-polarized fields produced by Einc,x and Einc,y , within a zone encompassing 0.9 of the field overlap, with respect to the average phase φ over this zone. Calculation (a),(b) for no = 1.33; (c),(d) for no = 1.5; (a),(c) at 25 μm focusing depth; (b),(d) at zobj = 50 μm focusing depth. (e) Averaged phase shift between (Ex‖)2 and (Ey⊥)2 and (f) overlap between ordinary and extraordinary components as a function of focusing depth for no = 1.33 (blue) and no = 1.5 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-scheme-of-pshg-calculation-in-a-tendon-a-1dv30pnm.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Scheme of PSHG calculation in a tendon. (a) Plane incident wave is mapped onto a converging spherical wave by a model objective lens. (b) Field distribution just before the watertendon interface is calculated using the angular spectrum method [29]. (c) Field beyond the interface is obtained using appropriate boundary conditions based on [30]. (d) Focal field in the birefringent medium (tendon) is calculated using the model described in [30]. (e) Radiation in the birefringent medium is calculated based on [31,32]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-sets-used-for-simulation-of-shg-radiation-2a8whj8q.png TABLE I. Parameter sets used for simulation of SHG radiation intensity. The set no. 8 presumably reproduces actual tendon optical parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulations-of-a-gdi-engine-flow-using-les-and-pod-16l736iz4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-energy-captured-as-a-function-of-pod-3d899nhp.png Figure 10. Comparison of Energy Captured as a Function of POD Mode for Each Velocity Component at Discrete Crank Angles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-modes-required-to-capture-90-of-the-flow-2wv44k0y.png Figure 9. Number of Modes Required to Capture 90% of the Flow Kinetic Energy for each Velocity Component at Discrete Crank Angles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-varying-coefficients-for-each-velocity-3oi8rro1.png Figure 11. Time varying Coefficients for each Velocity Component: (a) (c) (e) showing the time varying coefficients, (b) (d) (f) showing the standard deviation of the time varying coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-standard-deviation-of-the-time-varying-1l7k391k.png Figure 12. Standard Deviation of the Time Varying Coefficients for U-velocity component with intake valve lift profile overlaid https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-boundary-conditions-3dbkwtvg.png Table 1. Numerical boundary conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computational-mesh-1yobqsyg.png Figure 1. Computational mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-ccv-rms-index-as-a-function-of-crank-angle-for-1pqel7ih.png Figure 14. CCV RMS Index as a function of Crank Angle for each Velocity Component. Note: different y-axis scales used to improve figure clarity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-energy-content-as-a-function-of-crank-angle-for-3vloy467.png Figure 13. Energy Content as a function of Crank Angle for each Velocity Component https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulation-of-the-partial-catalytic-oxidation-of-4soxmdsxs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conversion-and-selectivity-as-a-function-of-inlet-rlzi3sld.png Figure 3: Conversion and selectivity as a function of inlet velocity. (a) conversion, (b) carbon selectivity, and (c) oxygen selectivity. P=1.4 atm, C/O=1.8, and Tinlet=300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-zoomed-view-of-the-co2-mass-fraction-near-the-26d1z9xv.png Figure 11: Zoomed view of the CO2 mass fraction near the leading edge of the catalyst under standard conditions. Vinlet=150 cm/s, P=1.4 atm, C/O=1.8, H/O=0.0, and Tinlet=300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-comparison-of-the-mass-fraction-of-co2-selected-8xxzdeex.png Figure 12: A comparison of the mass fraction of CO2 selected where the geometry is modi ed to add a backward facing step to the leading edge of the catalyst. (a) standard tube, (b) backward facing step modi cation, (c) standard tube with hydrogen added to the inlet feed (H/O=2.3). Vinlet=150 cm/s, P=1.4 atm, C/O=1.8, H/O=0.0, and Tinlet=300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-conversion-and-selectivities-for-1sne4gtt.png Table 2: Summary of the conversion and selectivities for selected species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-conversion-and-selectivity-as-a-function-of-inlet-3j2i6tk1.png Figure 6: Conversion and selectivity as a function of inlet temperature. (a) conversion, (b) carbon selectivity, and (c) oxygen selectivity. Vinlet=150 cm/s, C/O=1.8, and P=1.4 atm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-fractions-of-selected-species-at-the-standard-187ygood.png Figure 2: Mass Fractions of selected species at the standard conditions. Vinlet=150 cm/s, P=1.4 atm, C/O=1.8, and Tinlet=300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-conversion-and-selectivity-as-a-function-of-reactor-1w17ko1y.png Figure 5: Conversion and selectivity as a function of reactor pressure. (a) conversion, (b) carbon selectivity, and (c) oxygen selectivity. Vinlet=150 cm/s, C/O=1.8, and Tinlet=300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-comparison-of-the-mass-fraction-of-selected-3jgexqrx.png Figure 9: A comparison of the mass fraction of selected species when hydrogen is added to the feed at the standard conditions. Vinlet=150 cm/s, P=1.4 atm, C/O=1.8, and Tinlet=300 K. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulations-of-boiling-jet-impingement-cooling-in-3unt940quv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-contours-of-vapor-volume-fraction-25-w-cm2-u7vbc886.png Fig. 11 Contours of vapor volume fraction – 25 W/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temperature-contours-in-the-domain-with-boiling-left-2x5169xn.png Fig. 12: Temperature contours in the domain with boiling (left) and without boiling (right) – 25 W/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-axisymmetric-domain-used-for-the-igbt-package-3bnxrpma.png Fig. 8 Axisymmetric domain used for the IGBT package simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temperature-contours-in-the-domain-25-w-cm2-kx1ol202.png Fig. 10 Temperature contours in the domain – 25 W/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-velocity-contours-in-the-domain-32ct07s4.png Fig. 9 Velocity contours in the domain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-boiling-curve-from-experiments-katto-and-4ibkd194.png Fig. 4 Comparison of boiling curve from experiments (Katto and Kunihiro [11]) and CFD modeling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-domain-used-for-the-katto-and-kunihiro-11-validation-6pv5hcdp.png Fig. 3 Domain used for the Katto and Kunihiro [11] validation study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-properties-of-r134a-at-1-318e-06-pa-saturation-svaiyn8k.png Table 4. Properties of R134a at 1.318e+06 Pa, saturation temperature = 323.15K https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulations-of-natural-and-actuated-flow-over-a-3d-3dk5mkj9eb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resolution-details-for-grid-a01-a-mesh-around-the-16bszgvu.png Figure 5. Resolution details for grid A01: (a) mesh around the airfoil (b) zoomed view of the mesh at one actuator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-steady-force-coefficients-on-the-wing-as-a-function-197qmhpx.png Figure 6. Steady force coefficients on the wing as a function of the angle of attack: (a) lift; (b) drag. The solid lines correspond to the experimental results and the symbols ( ) show the numerical prediction with actuation off. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-andrew-fejer-unsteady-flow-wind-1a62fpp1.png Figure 1. Schematic of the Andrew Fejer Unsteady Flow Wind Tunnel. Flow is from left to right. The test model is the semi-circular planform wing in center of the test section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-flow-features-at-a-19-without-actuation-a-1hr8fu5h.png Figure 8. Mean flow features at α = 19◦ without actuation; (a) velocity magnitude and streamlines; (b) isosurface of vorticity magnitude |ω|c/U0 = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-instantaneous-vorticity-magnitude-in-the-mid-span-22o27icm.png Figure 7. Instantaneous vorticity magnitude in the mid-span plane from the LBM simulation without actuation: (a) α = 0◦; (b) α = 10◦; (c) α = 19◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-smoke-wire-visualization-of-flow-over-the-mid-span-59v1u3ov.png Figure 3. Smoke wire visualization of flow over the mid-span of the wing; (a) no forcing; (b) continuous pulsed-jet actuation at 29 Hz, 5 psig https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-of-the-sixteen-micro-valves-for-2t4d7auc.png Figure 2. Experimental setup of the sixteen micro-valves for pulsed-blowing actuation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-change-in-lift-l-between-actuation-on-and-off-at-a-324kb2o9.png Figure 10. Change in lift ∆L between actuation on and off at α = 19◦: ( ) experiment; ( ) LBM simulation. The red line ( ) represents the valve voltage and indicates the duration of the pulsed square wave actuation. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-study-of-the-eulerian-lagrangian-formulation-of-1jg9u59aa4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isosurfaces-plots-ofuvu-darker-gray-and-ucu-lighter-1n7cnx7i.png FIG. 4. Isosurfaces plots ofuvu ~darker gray! and uCu ~lighter gray! at t 53 for case 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-isosurfaces-plots-ofuvu-darker-gray-and-uzu-lighter-3vbbml9q.png FIG. 2. Isosurfaces plots ofuvu ~darker gray! and uzu ~lighter gray! at t53 for case 1. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-studies-on-dynamic-behavior-of-tubular-t-joint-2ty6ytrogr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-test-setup-3slie774.png Figure 4 Impact test setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparisons-of-measured-vertical-displacement-v3rd0lqe.png Figure 8 Comparisons of measured vertical displacement versus time history relations with numerical results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-strain-rate-time-history-curves-at-typical-ylumb6rq.png Figure 15 Strain rate time history curves at typical positions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fea-model-of-t-joint-under-impact-loading-vaepxv4m.png Figure 1 FEA model of T-joint under impact loading https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparisons-of-numerical-impact-force-versus-byl8965y.png Figure 9 Comparisons of numerical impact force versus displacement curves with tested results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparisons-of-failure-modes-of-tested-specimens-mm3edo6t.png Figure 5 Comparisons of failure modes of tested specimens with numerical results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-relationship-between-local-and-global-deformations-32j1u8gz.png Figure 14 Relationship between local and global deformations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-definition-of-global-local-and-total-displacements-lsip4idb.png Figure 13 Definition of global, local and total displacements of chord https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-studies-of-the-heat-and-mass-transport-in-the-3ruahm7ac1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16igy3oi.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3pbrrgu2.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-assigned-to-the-zones-shown-in-figure-3-2tawhiq2.png Table 2. Material assigned to the zones shown in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-31vcdpnr.png FIGURE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-and-15-show-the-computed-steady-state-temperature-1suzriiy.png Figure 14 and 15 show the computed steady state temperature distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1fbqyt21.png FIGURE 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-37u51u9r.png FIGURE 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-efjkqje3.png FIGURE 11 https://scispace.com/papers/nursing-students-experiences-of-being-video-recorded-during-48seerpjgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categories-and-themes-emerging-from-analysis-of-3a11mmsr.png Table 2 Categories and themes emerging from analysis of video examinations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-44-undergraduate-nursing-dw59z02d.png Table 1 Characteristics of the 44 undergraduate nursing students in the study. https://scispace.com/papers/nutrient-resorption-strategies-of-three-oak-tree-species-in-4lqip7r2ma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2xd5xe2w.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3dammjl5.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3kkauwqf.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1rvztq8n.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2771xmkm.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-34vabthw.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-d00lru8q.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/object-aware-bundle-adjustment-for-correcting-monocular-4tkwrzvjc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-per-frame-average-rms-error-in-speed-vs-object-extent-2um9eme3.png Fig. 5. Per-frame average RMS error in speed vs. object extent for KITTI training sequences that contain cars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-resultant-trajectories-estimated-using-point-only-1k762544.png Fig. 6. Resultant trajectories estimated using point-only bundle adjustment (yellow), and object-supplemented bundle adjustment (red). Satellite imagery of the mapped area is shown for comparison. Satellite imagery: Google, DigitalGlobe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rmse-with-this-work-and-without-objects-for-the-3ak3aq5o.png TABLE I RMSE WITH (THIS WORK) AND WITHOUT OBJECTS FOR THE FIRST 11 SEQUENCES IN THE KITTI DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimated-trajectory-a-and-translational-speed-b-74acpj4y.png Fig. 4. Estimated trajectory (a) and translational speed (b) obtained by initially ignoring objects in the first 2000 frames of the KITTI sequence 8. At frame 2000, once objects are included in the bundle adjustment, scale is promptly corrected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-a-the-trajectories-obtained-using-30q1sjec.png Fig. 3. Comparison between (a) the trajectories obtained using monocular SLAM with a bundle adjustment using points alone and (b) those obtained using a bundle adjustment supplemented with objects for KITTI sequence 0. Ground truth data is included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parametrizations-of-points-objects-and-their-3oi86qjb.png Fig. 2. Parametrizations of points, objects and their respective projections. Object detections and their labels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-tracking-frame-a-and-map-b-generated-by-our-343gt048.png Fig. 1. Example tracking frame (a) and map (b) generated by our method on a sequence from the KITTI dataset. Localized objects are shown as cubes. https://scispace.com/papers/objectively-measuring-signal-detectability-contrast-blur-and-1lfeqjkp9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-visual-mri-reconstruction-results-for-different-3g3rxfnq.png Figure 6. Visual MRI reconstruction results for different parameter values of the same trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-channels-that-are-jointly-shiftable-in-18jpr8zk.png Figure 1. Example of channels that are jointly shiftable in scale and orientation. (a) Image domain (black corresponds to negative intensities, white to positive intensities, gray to zero), (b) Frequency domain (white corresponds to positive magnitude responses, black to zero magnitude responses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-degraded-chest-radiographs-from-the-database-from-1bhws3g1.png Figure 4. Degraded chest radiographs from the database from Ref11 (σb = 2 and σn = 5) (a) cropped patches, (b) cropped, with signal inserted in the middle. Note: the brightness and contrast of the images are enhanced for visualization purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-channelized-joint-observer-cjo-1kcnohrn.png Figure 2. Overview of the channelized joint observer (CJO). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quality-measures-for-different-frequency-space-2r84c1sa.png Table 1. Quality measures for different frequency space trajectories, at 25% of the Nyquist rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-estimated-blur-level-vs-true-blur-level-27dsxik4.png Figure 5. Plot of the estimated blur level vs. true blur level, estimated contrast vs. true contrast, and the estimated AUC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-linear-and-space-invariant-lsi-1r3cydmj.png Figure 3. Illustration of the linear and space invariant (LSI) signal degradation process (T). https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-a-mesospheric-front-in-a-dual-duct-over-king-1thoy7v8y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plot-of-the-rothera-winds-in-the-wave-3dpo4mut.png Fig. 3. Contour plot of the Rothera winds in the wave propagation direction, 50◦ clockwise from north, from 12:00 LT on 9 July to 12:00 LT on 10 July. The vertical dashed red line indicates the time when the wave front was at zenith. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-processed-all-sky-oh-airglow-images-at-three-times-2darou53.png Fig. 1. Processed all-sky OH airglow images at three times spanning about 10 min on the night of 9–10 July 2007 showing a mesospheric ducted wave propagating from southwest to northeast. In the images shown at the top the star field was subtracted, and then the Time Diference (TD) images process was applied to three different images, skipping the middle image (the used reference time), generating the presented images, and at the bottom the same TD images corrected for the fish-eye lens format are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-profiles-ofm2-for-different-conditions-namely-wind-3haw00f6.png Fig. 5. (a) Profiles ofm2 for different conditions, namely wind profiles shown in(b): observed wind (black); mean wind (without tides, blue) and tidal winds plus the mean wind (red), and constant buoyancy frequency (dashed black line) as labeled in(d). (c) Curvature terms due to the winds in(b). (d) N2 (red, upper axis) varying with the temperature (solid line) and its mean value (constant dashed line), and the buoyancy term contribution tom2 (black, lower axis) due toN2 varying with the temperature (solid line) andN2 constant (dashed line) for comparison with panels(a) and(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-wind-profile-in-the-wave-propagation-direction-37n5ntcq.png Fig. 2. (a) Wind profile in the wave propagation direction obtained by a MF radar at Rothera Station during the wave event observation. (b) Temperature profile obtained by SABER on 9 July 2007 to the north of Ferraz and 140 min prior to the wave observation.(c) Vertical wavenumber squared (m2) showing a duct region between∼84 and∼90 km. https://scispace.com/papers/observation-modeling-and-temperature-dependence-of-doubly-10bkfqiybb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-allowed-region-in-the-nd-se-space-for-the-best-fit-rkyb0crj.png Fig. 5. The allowed region in the ND–se space for the best fit 5:9 1014 neq=cm2 model is shown as the solid line. Contours of constant leakage current are shown as dashed curves and are labeled in terms of the corresponding damage parameter a where a0 ¼ 4 10 17 A=cm is the expected leakage current [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-double-trap-model-parameters-extracted-from-the-fit-czl68bze.png Table 1 Double trap model parameters extracted from the fit to the data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-full-dots-and-simulated-histogram-charge-o3xmnegm.png Fig. 6. Measured (full dots) and simulated (histogram) charge collection profiles for sensors irradiated to fluences of F ¼ 0:5 1014 neq=cm2 (a–c) and of F ¼ 2 1014 neq=cm2 (d–g), at T ¼ 10 C and several bias voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-simulated-z-component-of-the-electric-field-as-a-38ywzy69.png Fig. 10. The simulated z-component of the electric field as a function of the z coordinate at the F ¼ 5:9 1014 neq=cm2 fluence for temperatures T ¼ 10 C and 25 C. The field profiles are shown for bias voltages of 150 and 300V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-z-component-of-the-simulated-electric-field-at-t-1-3mc1xgoa.png Fig. 7. The z-component of the simulated electric field at T ¼ 10 C resulting from the model best fit is shown as a function of z for a sensor irradiated to fluences of F ¼ 0:5 1014 neq=cm2 (a) and F ¼ 2 1014 neq=cm2 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-space-charge-density-solid-line-and-electric-field-n4ds2xaq.png Fig. 1. The space charge density (solid line) and electric field (dashed line) at T ¼ 10 C as functions of depth in a two-trap double junction model tuned to reproduce the F ¼ 5:9 1014 neqcm 2 charge collection data at 150V bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-grazing-angle-technique-for-determining-charge-1xdqxps6.png Fig. 2. The grazing angle technique for determining charge collection profiles. The charge measured by each pixel along the y direction samples a different depth z in the sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-measured-full-dots-and-simulated-histogram-charge-2o8dhj5c.png Fig. 9. Measured (full dots) and simulated (histogram) charge collection profiles at T ¼ 25 C and several bias voltages for sensors irradiated to fluences of F ¼ 2:0 1014 neq=cm2 (a–d) and of F ¼ 5:9 1014 neq=cm2 (e–g). https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-inverted-band-structure-in-the-topological-486sw0ggsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-same-as-fig-2-c-b-f-hn-dependence-of-near-ef-apres-20gywnoj.png FIG. 3. (a) Same as Fig. 2(c). (b)–(f) hν dependence of near-EF APRES intensity measured along a yellow dashed line in Fig. 1(f), and (g)– (k) corresponding band dispersions determined by tracing the peak position of MDCs. (l) ARPES-intensity map at EF as a function of kz and kx . The intensity was obtained by integrating the second-derivative MDCs within ±20 meV of EF. Dashed curves show the experimental FSs determined by smoothly connecting the Fermi wave vectors for the h1, h2, and e1 bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-normal-emission-arpes-intensity-plotted-as-a-1i52yfp3.png FIG. 2. (a) Normal-emission ARPES intensity plotted as a function of kz for CaAuAs. The inner potential V0 was estimated to be 11.5 eV from the periodicity of the band dispersion. (b) and (c) High-resolution near-EF ARPES intensity and corresponding EDCs, respectively, obtained in the (E ,k) region enclosed by a red rectangle in (a). Black dashed curve in (c) is a guide for the eyes to trace the electronlike band dispersion. (d) Calculated bulk-band structure along the A high-symmetry line extracted from the firstprinciples band-structure calculation with SOC in Ref. [29]. Black arrows indicate the location of Dirac points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-and-b-crystal-structure-and-bulk-hexagonal-bz-of-g7o0pd0k.png FIG. 1. (a) and (b) Crystal structure and bulk hexagonal BZ of CaAuAs, respectively. Magenta dots in (b) denote the k points where the Dirac point (DP) exists. (c) and (d) Typical photograph and x-ray diffraction patterns of CaAuAs, respectively. (e) EDC in a wide energy range measured at hν = 120 eV. (f) ARPES intensity plot in the VB region measured along a yellow dashed line in (g) at T = 30 K at hν = 120 eV. It is noted that the uncertainty in the azimuthal angle of the k cut is fairly small (less than 2◦) because the band-structure mapping over a wide momentum space enables us to precisely determine the azimuthal angle based on the periodicity and symmetry of the band structure. (g) ARPES intensity map at EF as a function of 2D wave vector (kx and ky) obtained by integrating the spectral intensity within ±20 meV of EF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-schematic-3d-view-of-the-fs-for-caauas-deduced-from-3clj1zuk.png FIG. 4. (a) Schematic 3D view of the FS for CaAuAs deduced from the present ARPES experiment. (b) Experimental band dispersion around the point obtained by overlapping the results in Figs. 3(j), 3(k), and Supplemental Fig. S2(i) (solid circles) [38], compared with the calculated band dispersion with SOC along the M line (solid curves) [29]. https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-spin-glass-state-in-weakly-ferromagnetic-sr-2-5e7ak8wosy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-tetragonal-structure-of-the-double-37k16bsf.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The tetragonal structure of the double perovskite Sr2FeCoO6. The CoO6 and FeO6 octahedra are shown with Fe (Co) at the center surrounded by the oxygen. For succinctness the structure shown is of the B site ordered type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-isothermal-magnetization-of-sr2fecoo6-3k0uk46t.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) Isothermal magnetization of Sr2FeCoO6 at 2 K. Insets (1) and (2) present isotherms at elevated temperatures. (b) Variation of remnant magnetization, Mr (circles) and coercive field, Hc (squares) with temperature. (c) An enlarged view of the magnetization isotherms at 2 K for low fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-temperature-dependence-of-ac-1iwqwmk7.png FIG. 6. (Color online) (a) Temperature dependence of ac susceptibility of Sr2FeCoO6 at different frequencies. (b) The peak in v0(T) 75 K, which shifts to higher temperature as the frequency is increased, signifying glassy magnetism. (c) The fit using the power law for critical slowing down, where the best fit gave z ¼ 6.2, s0¼ 10-12 s. The inset presents the same plot but in log-log scale. (d) displays v’’(T) at different values of superimposed dc magnetic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-calculated-spin-only-moments-l2so-1-4-l22a-th-l22b-2im5uv83.png TABLE III. Calculated spin only moments (l2SO ¼ l22a þ l22b) for Sr2FeCoO6 assuming the possible spin state values. The calculated spin only moment (lso) lies in between the last two configurations. Note that Co 3 þ HS S¼ 2, LS S¼ 0, IS S¼ 1; Co4þ HS S¼ 5/2, IS S¼ 3/2, LS S¼ 1/2; Fe3þ HS S¼ 5/2, LS S¼ 1/2; Fe4þ HS S¼ 2, LS S¼ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-zero-field-cooling-zfc-field-cooled-1pf6hh9m.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Zero field cooling (ZFC), field cooled cooling (FC), and warming (FCW) cycles of magnetization of Sr2FeCoO6 as a function of temperature at 500 Oe. Inset (1) shows the ZFC/FC curves at 50 kOe and (2) FC curves at different applied fields. (b) Temperature dependence of inverse magnetic susceptibility along with Curie-Weiss fit. (c) Thermal hysteresis observed in FC data at 100 Oe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-occupancy-and-bond-valence-sums-bvs-and-x-y-z-values-2dpkdylr.png TABLE I. Occupancy and bond valence sums (BVS) and (x, y, z) values obtained after Rietveld refinement of the neutron data at 300 K. The unit cell parameters are a¼ 5.4609(2) Å, b¼ 5.4609(2) Å, and c¼ 7.7113(7) A . The quality of the fit is indicated by the discrepancy factors, RWP¼ 17.6%, RP¼ 14.6%, and the goodness-of-fit, v2¼ 3.38. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-observed-iobs-calculated-icalc-and-jau0hvlb.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Observed (Iobs), calculated (Icalc) and difference (Idiff) profiles of neutron diffraction pattern of Sr2FeCoO6 at 300 K refined in tetragonal I4/m space group. Vertical markers correspond to Bragg peaks. Quality measures of refinement are RwP¼ 17.6%, RP¼ 14.6%, v2¼ 3.38. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-sr2fecoo6-3p8m0848.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) X-ray diffraction pattern of Sr2FeCoO6 at 300 K refined in tetragonal I4/m space group. Inset (1) compares the goodness-offit of the refinement in two space groups. Quality measures of refinement are RwP¼ 1.52%, RP¼ 1.18%, v2¼ 1.23. (b) shows the analysis of unit cell volume using Grüneisen approximation. Inset (1) shows the enlarged view of the anomaly near 75 K. (c) shows temperature evolution of lattice parametersffiffiffiffiffi 2a https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-very-large-and-steep-internal-waves-of-332o7e4av4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-magnitude-of-the-shear-calculated-from-the-2l7196if.png Figure 3. Local magnitude of the shear calculated from the current field. Note the high shear regions found on either side of the displaced thermocline. Red lines show the ratio RNL of APE to baroclinic pressure, an indication of deviation from linearity, and white lines the ratio RD of non hydrostatic pressure anomaly to baroclinic pressure anomaly at 11.2, 15.4 and 19.6 m; magnitudes are with respect to those depths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-frequency-internal-waves-of-elevation-on-16-2kftgm03.png Figure 2. High-frequency internal waves of elevation on 16 September 2001 at A. Top panel. Range-corrected acoustic backscatter intensity from the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (background), density record at the depth of the five thermistors (horizontal bars), and current vectors. The time coordinate has been transformed into along-wave distance using the velocity of propagation and currents are shown in a frame of reference moving with the estimated wave speed. The vertical bar at x = 100 m shows the inferred density just ahead of the first wave. The high-backscatter area at the base of the waves marks the extent of the recirculation areas. The white box is magnified in the left bottom panel. Center bottom panel. Temperature record at depths in meters above the bottom over a period of 9 hours. Right bottom panel. Inferred density (left), magnitude of shear (center) and gradient Richardson number (right) just before the arrival of the first wave. Note the area of dynamic instability at 18 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-massachusetts-bay-and-deployment-sites-the-adcp-was-1wrrwgmy.png Figure 1. Massachusetts Bay and deployment sites. The ADCP was at 42 12.5100N., 70 37.4960W, and the temperature mooring at 42 12.5060N., 70 37.5910W. (B in the map). A second temperature mooring was deployed at 42 14.5150N., 70 33.3440W. (A). The thick lines in Stellwagen Basin show the successive location of a train of internal waves of depression propagating to the SW observed acoustically from on board of the R/V Connecticut. The time mark next to each symbol shows the arrival time for that station of the nonlinear internal waves. The inset shows the passage of 4 waves (vertical arrows) at A and the white diamonds show the thermistor position. Note how they are flattened, and the progressive lowering of the thermocline. The horizontal arrow points to the wave of depression moving forward. https://scispace.com/papers/observations-of-the-scalar-meson-f-sub-0-980-in-the-3bhcpfrn9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-residuals-data-t-from-the-m2-spectrum-note-that-23phpb1x.png FIGURE 2. The residuals (Data - t) from the M2 spectrum. Note that the amplitude for the f0(980) signal has been xed to zero in this t performed a broad mass range. This obviously gives an unacceptable 2, but provides a clear graph of the signal. The text describes brie y the t assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-m2-spectrum-in-1-mev-bins-in-the-range-0-8-1-2-2xge3p7e.png FIGURE 1. a)- M2 spectrum in 1 MeV bins, in the range 0.8-1.2 GeV/c, for the total inclusive sample (3:4 107 entries). Also shown is the same spectrum in events without electromagnetic energy release in the calorimeters (solid histogram, labelled No E.M., 4:0 106 entries). The same is redrawn -intermediate histogram- in a ner 10x scale for a better reading; b)- same spectrum for di erent charged multiplicities nch = 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-invariant-mass-spectrum-1-mev-bin-from-the-385co2gl.png FIGURE 4. The + invariant mass spectrum (1 MeV bin) from the \exclusive" K+K + sample, rejecting (1020)f0(980) events, has been tted by a Breit-Wigner plus a second order polynomial background term. The thick grey line corresponds to leaving the Breit-Wigner amplitude vary freely, yielding only a 1.5 e ect, while the thin dark line has been obtained by xing this amplitude equal (in absolute) to the one observed in the (1020)f0(980) sample, noting that the event yield in this sample is 30 times bigger than the (1020)f0(980) sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-full-2-mass-spectrum-in-20-mev-c2-bins-2aht7uw4.png FIGURE 3. a)- The full 2 mass spectrum, in 20 MeV=c2 bins, associated to a (1020) particle; b)- same as in a) in 4 MeV=c2 bins, limited to the mass range 0:8 1:2 GeV=c2 (black histogram) also shown the spectrum for the \background" sample (dashed histogram). This background has been obtained by selecting events at low K+K invariant mass, excluding the (1020). c)- same spectrum as in b) tted by a Breit-Wigner plus a background term (4 free parameters). https://scispace.com/papers/observations-of-quasar-host-galaxies-with-laser-guide-star-1t74pf21yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-derived-quasar-host-properties-26sexjeh.png Table 6. Derived Quasar Host Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-host-mv-plotted-against-quasar-mb-our-points-are-3k0h6pmz.png Figure 6. Host MV plotted against quasar MB . Our points are shown as triangles, with the large triangles denoting the quasars analyzed for this paper; the points of Kukula et al.9 are indicated by circles. Filled symbols denote radio-quiet quasars and open symbols radio-loud quasars. The dotted line indicates the magnitude of an L∗ galaxy at z = 0, the dashed line is the same galaxy at z = 1, assuming passive evolution of a stellar population formed at z ∼ 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-image-quality-1kf2qkh3.png Table 4. Image Quality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-off-axis-kernels-for-each-of-the-quasar-1gw4ldw8.png Figure 3. Off-axis kernels for each of the quasar observations, obtained by deconvolving the PSF star by the PGS observations. This kernel is convolved with the QGS observations to synthesize the observed PSF. The contours are logarithmic, spaced by factors of two, overplotted on a linear gray-scale stretch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-host-galaxies-after-subtraction-of-the-best-fit-psf-3qtyo4fj.png Figure 4. Host galaxies after subtraction of the best fit PSF model of the quasar nucleus. Images were smoothed by a 0.′′27 FWHM Gaussian. North is up and east is to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absolute-magnitude-versus-redshift-for-the-quasars-2ae6ilyd.png Figure 1. Absolute magnitude versus redshift for the quasars observed so far. Closed symbols show objects observed using the laser guide star, open symbols those observed with a natural guide star. The two quasars whose analysis is discussed in this paper are shown as the large closed symbols. Note that the magnitude limit of the SDSS sample is responsible for the apparent correlation of absolute magnitude with redshift. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-observed-host-galaxy-properties-2iimgp04.png Table 5. Observed Host Galaxy Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-one-dimensional-radial-profile-of-the-sdss-2324-2kgh8c29.png Figure 5. The one-dimensional radial profile of the SDSS 2324+0021 host galaxy (after subtraction of the best fit two-dimensional modeled quasar point source) is plotted as the solid line. The one-dimensional elliptical galaxy and exponential disk profile fits are denoted by the dotted and dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/observed-dynamic-soil-structure-interaction-in-scale-testing-56ca2e2f73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-relationship-between-effect-of-natural-frequency-w7klias4.png Figure 14: Relationship between effect of natural frequency of suction caisson and monopile on the forcing frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-showing-different-types-of-o44ftuvt.png Figure 1: A schematic diagram showing different types of foundations: (a) monopile; (b) tetrapod; (c) Asymmetric tripod https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-lumped-mass-modelling-of-the-tetrapod-and-tripod-2nvzbltt.png Figure 13: Lumped mass modelling of the tetrapod and tripod foundation solutions. For the two different cases, the influence of elastic foundations is inherently different along the two principal vibration axes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mass-distribution-of-the-differently-scaled-models-3tgepni8.png Table 5: Mass distribution of the differently scaled models (see Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-results-for-snap-back-test-on-the-3ulvvxsf.png Figure 7: Cumulative results for snap-back test on the tetrapod supported wind turbine model on sand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forcing-frequencies-plotted-against-the-power-3ryubmd0.png Figure 2: Forcing frequencies plotted against the power spectral densities for a 3 bladed NREL standard 5W Wind turbine. 3P stands for blade passing frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-typical-test-result-from-snap-back-test-on-the-1xjw6ecs.png Figure 8: Typical test result from snap-back test on the asymmetric tripod on sand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-typical-test-of-asymetric-tripod-on-kaolin-clay-nbo1wl1j.png Figure 9: Typical test of asymetric tripod on kaolin clay https://scispace.com/papers/observer-based-tools-for-non-technical-skills-assessment-in-3omuq4vjf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evidence-of-validity-training-requirements-and-32oitons.png Table 3: Evidence of validity, training requirements and assessment of usability for 30 tools for the assessment of NTS in healthcare. LR – literature review; Delphi – evidence of iterative process of tool development; SME – subject matter experts involved; SME – plus – clinically relevant subject matter experts plus additional input from psychologists or human factors experts; TA formal task analysis undertaken with interviews ± observations. Learner characteristics –ability to discriminate between a good and a poor performance (where tools considered other characteristics these are included in parenthesis. Tool acronyms defined in table 1 and online resources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-assessed-during-analysis-of-76-tools-for-15f1rprd.png Table 1: Attributes assessed during analysis of 76 tools for the measurement of NTS in 118 papers. MDT- multidisciplinary team. Validity is described as per standards from the American Educational Research Association[31]. Attributes were defined by the authors in an iterative process as described above. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-environment-context-of-use-and-1kin9c1m.png Table 2: Description of environment, context of use and scoring for 30 tools for the assessment of NTS in healthcare. Tools are grouped by clinical domains (undergraduates are separate) and are in chronological order. Where more than one international group was involved the country of origin of the lead author is listed with “[c]” denoting collaboration. Where more than one tool for the same year exists, they are ordered alphabetically by the author’s surname. MDT- multidisciplinary team; CRM – crisis resource management. https://scispace.com/papers/observer-bias-and-random-variation-in-vegetation-monitoring-4hfr002pyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-species-and-groups-of-species-whose-cover-was-ez92iowo.png Table 3. Species and groups of species whose cover was estimated independently by two observers in 342 sample plots (100-m2). ‘Average difference’ (Quality Assessment observer minus Conventional Observer) and SD is based on the taxon’s abundance (one of 15 cover classes) when recorded by at least one observer. In contrast, SDcover is based only on plots where both observers had noted a taxon, hence showing variation in visual perception of cover. NCO and Nplots is number of conventional observers and plots, respectively, used when calculating ‘Observer-explained variance’ (and corresponding P-value) in a variance component analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-sweden-indicating-the-location-of-the-342-3jbt0d2l.png Fig. 1. Map of Sweden indicating the location of the 342 forest vegetation plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-cases-per-abundance-class-1-15-for-selected-2t3bil3u.png Fig. 4. Number of cases per abundance class (1-15) for selected taxa. Right graphs show cases where only one of the observers had noted the taxon’s presence, while left graphs show data on cases where both observers had noted the taxon (based on all data, i.e. 2*N). Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (Table 1) indicated that the distribution of the two data types were statistically significant for all displayed examples except Epilobium angustifolium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-the-proportion-of-cases-where-a-i351lwvl.png Fig. 3. Relationship between the proportion of cases where a taxon was recorded by both observers (abscissa) and the proportion (arcsine-transformed square root) of cases where the taxon was recorded by only one of the two observers. There were 342 plots in total. y = –1.41*(x – 0.5)2 + 0.418. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-missed-occurrences-of-a-species-as-a-function-of-6qh1qblw.png Fig. 5. Missed occurrences of a species as a function of average cover-class when present. The relationship (y = 50.7 – 7.095*x) was significant (linear regression: F(1,9) = 13.2, P = 0.0054). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-minimal-detectable-difference-in-two-sided-paired-t-22sxewvk.png Fig. 6. Minimal detectable difference in two-sided paired t-test as a function of sample size and SD, using α = 0.05, Power (1 – β) = 0.9, and H0: mean = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presence-of-species-or-groups-of-closely-related-2wbcth6v.png Table 1. Presence of species (or groups of closely related species) as noted independently by two observers in sample plots (100-m2). N = frequency; ‘Both’ is the number of plots where the species was recorded by both observers; ‘One’ is the number of plots where the species was recorded by only one of the observers. ‘K-S test’ reports the outcome of a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test comparing frequency distributions of plots where only one, and where two observers noted a species. Residuals are from function fitted in Fig. 3. Life form and heights are, in most cases, according to Ellenberg et al. (1992) and Lid (1985), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/observer-design-for-dc-dc-power-converters-with-bilinear-1t1id98z36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-start-up-of-the-buck-boost-converter-in-closed-loop-nxsg8nsg.png Fig. 7. Start-up of the buck-boost converter in closed-loop with an affine feedback from estimated states.(Oscilloscope measurements from real-life experimental platform.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-buck-a-and-the-boost-b-dc-dc-power-i9n61nfp.png Fig. 1. Schematics of the buck (a) and the boost (b) DC/DC power converters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-convergence-of-ct-sa-observers-2ldhrk3f.png Fig. 6. Convergence of CT-SA observers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-pwm-waveform-generated-by-the-control-vo2ie2a8.png Fig. 2. Example of a PWM waveform generated by the control signal [u]i ∈ R[0,1] with Ts half of the PWM cycle. [u]i is marked with dashed line, switch state [s]i with dotted line and the internal triangular signal of the modulator with solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-a-buck-boost-converter-lfvqg51q.png Fig. 3. Schematic representation of a buck-boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-component-values-for-the-buck-boost-power-converter-1wvmg33z.png Table 1. Component values for the buck-boost power converter https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-buck-boost-converter-modes-2koyrcfw.png Table 2. Buck-boost converter modes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-of-dt-observers-3m5erwek.png Fig. 4. Convergence of DT observers. https://scispace.com/papers/obtaining-mathematical-functions-of-the-propeller-thrust-and-4wbegcmj1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-dimensions-of-the-ships-and-their-employed-1rlel76o.png Table 2. Main dimensions of the ships and their employed propeller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-the-different-b-series-propellers-1o9t6tc9.png Fig. 5. Examples of the different B-series propellers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-one-blade-thrust-and-torque-coefficients-fluctuations-3s8d574t.png Fig. 6. One blade thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations under influence of Seiun-Maru ship wake (Z=3, EAR=0.55, P/ D=0.95). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-seiun-maru-training-ship-b-insean-7000-dwt-tanker-c-2gpah7xf.png Fig. 1. (A) Seiun-Maru training ship, (B) INSEAN 7000 DWT Tanker, (C) propeller behind the ship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fourier-coefficients-of-the-the-thrust-and-torque-z-10cr86mo.png Table 3. Fourier coefficients of the the thrust and torque (Z=5, P/D=0.95, EAR=0.55). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-thrust-and-torque-coefficients-fluctuations-at-189dylk6.png Fig. 7. Total thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations at different blade numbers (EAR=0.55, P/D=0.95). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fourier-coefficients-of-the-thrust-and-torque-2lceiq1v.png Table 5. Fourier coefficients of the thrust and torque coefficinet (Z=6, P/D=0.95, EAR=0.70). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-and-vector-wake-velocity-distribution-356w79mc.png Fig. 2. Contour and vector wake velocity distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/occurrence-and-distribution-of-the-freshwater-14bjh8v3t3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-leaf-litter-coverage-and-2nkvun4o.png Figure 2. Relationship between leaf-litter coverage and amphipod abundance, from monthly sample collections of Gammarus fasciatus and G. pseudolimnaeus (sample n = 162). Percent cover data were arcsine square-root transformed prior to analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-site-map-of-study-location-in-southeastern-virginia-2xfmhiee.png Figure 1. Site map of study location in southeastern Virginia, showing Lake Matoaka and the six streams sampled for amphipods. https://scispace.com/papers/occupant-facade-interaction-a-review-and-classification-1k6qjyo84q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-review-of-available-interactive-scenarios-according-bqyzx0kt.png Table 3 Review of available interactive scenarios according to the classification scheme, description and examples and main references [13,18,24,25,44,48,49,53–139]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-building-automation-principal-components-a-1-sensing-11xkh7n5.png Fig. 1. Building automation principal components (a): 1. Sensing devices, 2. Actuation systems of building components, 3.Control logics; (b) Occupant multisensorial requirements for holistic environmental satisfaction: Thermal comfort, Visual comfort, View, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Personal control and Interaction, Vibration control and Acoustic comfort [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-highlight-the-need-for-more-research-on-the-holistic-29cchmet.png Table 4 highlight the need for more research on the holistic effect of interactions on occupants. Methods from Human-Computer Interaction and Human-Building Interaction could help designers to meet these new demands [140]. In the design stage, the use of “Personas” and techniques for mapping the spatial context of interaction identify means to improve usability [141]. When prototypes are available, the use of task analysis, interviews and focus groups could be useful tools to assess occupant response to them. When prototypes are not available, virtual reality and novel computational design classification schemes [142] could be used to assess occupant response to novel interactive systems. Several methods could be used to investigate occupant response in alternative interactive scenarios, such as video recording, monitoring physiological responses [143] and eye movement [144]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-definition-of-the-main-research-boundaries-cg3hhp7m.png Fig. 2. Definition of the main research boundaries. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-studies-that-review-or-classify-occupant-3mwrkdxu.png Table 1 Main studies that review or classify occupant interaction with automated systems or buildings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-intelligence-of-the-control-systems-versus-level-of-cuuhtg5c.png Fig. 4. Intelligence of the control systems versus level of occupant interaction in the interactive scenarios classified in Table 3. The interaction scenarios are defined in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-of-facades-and-actuation-system-investigated-u9nug86x.png Table 2 Type of facades and actuation system investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interaction-diagram-and-classification-scheme-of-3kofyadn.png Fig. 3. Interaction diagram and classification scheme of occupant facade interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/occurrence-cubes-a-new-paradigm-for-aggregating-species-5cbioadst2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-european-environment-agency-eea-reference-grids-at-3nijgx20.png Figure 2. European Environment Agency (EEA) reference grids at 100km scale of Luxemburg (left) and France  (right). Source: EEA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-uncertainty-is-set-to-1000-meters-for-the-35544wbl.png Figure 3. Spatial uncertainty is set to 1000 meters for the 450 occurrences of genus Reynoutria where the value of  field coordinateUncertaintyInMeters is missing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tabular-representation-of-the-occurrence-cube-of-271iu2t0.png Table 2. Tabular representation of the occurrence cube of Reynoutria in Belgium from 2000 to 2018. The first three  columns represent the temporal, spatial and taxonomic dimensions respectively. Column year contains the year the  occurrences took place, eea_cell_code the cell code from the EEA reference grid at 1km scale, speciesKey  the GBIF identifier of the species (2889173: Reynoutria japonica, 4038485: Reynoutria bohemica, 2889088:  Reynoutria sachalinensis). Taxonomic-spatial-temporal triplets with no occurrences are omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-occurrence-cube-and-its-projections-on-the-3fbpq1db.png Figure 5. (A) The occurrence cube and its  projections on the temporal/taxonomic  plane (B), the taxonomic/spatial plane (C)  and the temporal/spatial plane (D). (B)  Number of occurrences (left) and number  of 1x1km cells or area of occupancy  (right) of Reynoutria bohemica, R.  japonica and R. sachalinensis per year.  Both indicators can be seen as ways of  projecting the occurrence cube on the  temporal/taxonomic dimensions. (C)  Projecting the occurrence cube along the  taxonomic/spatial plane, thus getting a  heatmap of the number of occurrences for  each of the Reynoutria sp. in Belgium.  The maps are zoomed for better  readability. (D) Projecting the occurrence  cube along the temporal/spatial plane,  thus getting a heatmap of the number of  occurrences of genus Reynoutria in  Belgium for each year. The maps are  zoomed for better readability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-occurrences-from-gps-are-circles-the-stronger-3k3duxxm.png Figure 1. Left: occurrences from GPS are circles. The stronger the GPS signal, the smaller the circle. Right:  occurrences from atlas data are squares. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-random-point-red-point-is-chosen-within-the-2w5m8448.png Figure 4. A random point (red point) is chosen within the circle (gray) defining the occurrence. The occurrence is  then assigned to the cell the point belongs to (red square). Left: an occurrence  (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2235280677) is totally contained in one of the cells of the reference grid. Center: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-taxonomic-compendium-of-the-occurrence-cube-from-2apcc64e.png Table 3. Taxonomic compendium of the occurrence cube from GBIF occurrences of genus Reynoutria, in Belgium  from 2000 to 2018. As shown in column includes, occurrences of a species can come from synonyms or  infraspecific taxa, described by their GBIF taxon keys and scientific names. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxon-of-occurrences-of-species-reynoutria-japonica-37hj0cy8.png Table 1. Taxon of occurrences of species Reynoutria japonica as returned by GBIF. Occurrences of synonyms and  infraspecific taxa are returned as well and all share the accepted species in the field species. https://scispace.com/papers/ocean-forcing-of-glacier-retreat-in-the-western-antarctic-4097me6i34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-overall-glacier-changes-binned-and-mean-in-situ-3kqragd0.png Fig. 3: Mean overall glacier changes (binned) and mean in-situ ocean temperature (within 5 km of glacier fronts) at specific depths. Negative glacier change values signify retreat: the x-axis reads from largest retreat rates on the left towards small changes and advances on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ocean-conditions-surrounding-the-antarctic-peninsula-a-9tqshejx.png Fig. 2: Ocean conditions surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula. (A) In-situ temperature of the ocean surrounding the AP at specific depths. The six regions are defined by east/west and by two-degree latitudinal bands, up to 100 km off the AP coast. (B) Mean in-situ temperature profile in each region. The dashed line is the in-situ freezing temperature. (C) Potential temperature - salinity diagram showing the different water masses in different regions, namely Shelf Water (SW), Bransfield Strait Water (BSW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Winter Water (WW), and Antarctic Surface Water (AASW). Grey lines are contours of surface density anomaly, and the dashed line is the freezing temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-ocean-temperatures-and-overall-glacier-area-qcx8l8my.png Fig. 1: Mean ocean temperatures and overall glacier area changes 1945-2009. Mean in-situ ocean temperature at 150 m depth (shaded) and glacier change (points). For each glacier along the west coast the point shows overall change between its earliest and latest recorded ice-front position, relative to basin size (% a -1 ). A similar spatial pattern is found for changes in absolute area loss per glacier. The point symbols are layered in the same order as in the legend (i.e. blue above red). Ocean circulation and water masses are also shown schematically: Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Shelf Water (SW), Bransfield Strait Water (BSW), and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). https://scispace.com/papers/octakis-2-pyridyl-porphyrazine-and-its-neutral-metal-5bkxa55wnr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cyclic-voltammograms-of-py8pzm-with-m-cu-ii-znii-b80t7jtq.png Figure 9. Cyclic voltammograms of [Py8PzM] with M = Cu II, ZnII and MgII(H2O), in DMSO and Pyridine, 0.1M TBAP. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-visible-spectrum-of-py8pzh2-in-chcl3-solution-2r9wjhfh.png Figure 4. UV-visible spectrum of [Py8PzH2] in CHCl3 solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-half-wave-potentials-e1-2-v-vs-sce-of-py8pzm-and-3iiiatvr.png Table 3. Half-Wave Potentials (E1/2, V vs SCE) of [Py8PzM] and [Py8PyzPzM] (M = 2HI, CuII, ZnII, Mg(H2O), Co II) in Py and DMSO, containing 0.1M TBAP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-uv-visible-absorption-red-line-fluorescence-1slx351b.png Figure 13. UV-visible absorption (red line), fluorescence excitation (black line; λem = 670 nm) and emission (blue line; λexc = 600 nm) spectra of [Py8PzZn] in DMF . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-singlet-oxygen-phd-and-fluorescence-quantum-yields-1vlhuwlc.png Table 4. Singlet Oxygen (ΦΔ) and Fluorescence Quantum Yields (ΦF) in DMF of the species [Py8PzM] (M = Mg II(H2O), Zn II). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uv-visible-spectral-data-nm-log-of-py8pzh2-and-w6aseh6u.png Table 2. UV-visible Spectral Data (, nm (log )) of [Py8PzH2] and [Py8PzM] (M = Mg II(H2O), CoII, CuII, ZnII) in Different Solvents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-py8pzm-b-py8tpyzpzm-vizz05jv.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of (A) [Py8PzM], (B) [Py8TPyzPzM], and (C) [Py8QxPzM]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-uv-visible-spectra-in-dmf-solution-of-py8pzzn-2yhkuasm.png Figure 12 A: UV-visible Spectra in DMF solution of [Py8PzZn] and DPBF before (blue line) and after (red line) laser irradiation (irr = 635 nm); B: Stern-Volmer data analysis of the DPBF photooxidation (see inset; the blue line indicates stability of the complex during irradiation). https://scispace.com/papers/office-rent-determinants-a-hedonic-panel-analysis-74nvqogl6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pooled-model-all-observations-building-specific-s2srmqca.png Table 7: Pooled model, all observations building-specific model https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-arellano-bond-estimation-of-dynamic-variables-1gl499fx.png Table 15: Arellano-Bond estimation of dynamic variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-random-effects-model-class-b-buildings-26nwllq3.png Table 10: Random-effects-model Class B buildings https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-random-effects-model-class-c-buildings-jgoy6a34.png Table 11: Random-effects-model Class C buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-distribution-of-office-space-in-manhattan-1g3zn8g5.png Figure 4: Spatial distribution of office space in Manhattan (snapshot of geocoded properties). Data: CoStar Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-random-effects-model-downtown-wq29oidv.png Table 14: Random-effects-model Downtown https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pooled-model-all-observations-location-specific-zk7xez3e.png Table 6: Pooled model, all observations location-specific model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-longer-term-index-of-manhattan-real-rental-rates-q1-y3z317e4.png Figure 3: Longer-term index of Manhattan real rental rates (Q1-1980=100) Data: Real Estate Board of New York, Grubb & Ellis https://scispace.com/papers/offspring-exposure-reduces-depressive-like-behaviour-in-the-1fn3p4v24r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-11t6d6c2.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b183ulmn.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1ol62qss.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sem-peripheral-and-central-crossings-on-the-3brt8ox1.png Table 2. Mean (+ SEM) peripheral and central crossings on the Open Field Test. All animals made significantly more peripheral crossing than central crossings (p < 0.00001). There were no other significant differences between groups in number of peripheral and central crossings, distance traveled in peripheral and central areas, time spent immobile, amount of rearing, and number of fecal boli while in the OFT ( .1 < p < .9). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-sem-percentage-of-time-spent-in-a-behaviour-on-28wk4aua.png Table 1. Mean (+ SEM) percentage of time spent in a behaviour on the Forced Swim Test. Animals spent significantly less time struggling (p < .007), less time escaping (p < .000001), and made fewer number of escape attempts (p < .000001) on the second day of testing than on the first day of testing. * denotes Day 2 significantly different from Day 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-18nbw0ct.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3j3qhjmf.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-29ab4wir.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/oh-the-things-you-don-t-know-awe-promotes-awareness-of-tqs4fdar2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-inferential-statistics-for-all-measures-in-1ql8msib.png Table 3. Means and inferential statistics for all measures in Study 1b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-key-results-and-effect-sizes-across-all-10bfhp2t.png Table 5. Summary of key results and effect sizes across all studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-means-by-condition-for-all-outcome-variables-in-3qrgcbcg.png Table 7. Means by condition for all outcome variables in Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-and-inferential-statistics-for-all-measures-in-382tnlgf.png Table 4. Means and inferential statistics for all measures in Study 1c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zero-order-correlations-between-all-variables-in-3hr1l15r.png Table 1. Zero-order correlations between all variables in Studies 1a and 1b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-inferential-statistics-for-all-measures-in-39y06wtu.png Table 2. Means and inferential statistics for all measures in Study 1a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-zero-order-correlations-between-all-variables-in-5vv50h10.png Table 6. Zero-order correlations between all variables in Study 2. https://scispace.com/papers/oil-and-vinegar-a-positive-fiscal-theory-of-the-euro-crisis-3d9pzhsd86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1jssccar.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1o17p45i.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1qb0vx03.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-37qyl0aa.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1pnoam59.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1hpvrahr.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/oil-shale-oxidation-at-subretorting-temperatures-qqfkvs9rj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-oxidation-equipment-3rdh42z2.png Figure 1. - Schematic of the Oxidation Equipment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-organic-carbon-disappearance-vi-time-plot-for-37ifusou.png Figure 2.. - Organic Carbon Disappearance vi. Time Plot for https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mesh-s-ize-and-p-a-r-t-i-c-l-e-diameter-24nbzf5e.png TABLE 4. - Mesh S ize and P a r t i c l e Diameter - https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actual-and-calculated-organic-carbon-287oxz1x.png Figure 4. - Actual and Calculated Organic Carbon https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carbon-oxide-p-r-o-d-u-c-t-i-o-n-for-o-x-i-d-a-t-i-o-xhg2p7uq.png TABLE 3. - Carbon Oxide P r o d u c t i o n For O x i d a t i o n Runs 5-4 and 9-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-t-e-s-t-c-o-n-d-i-t-i-o-n-s-product-d-i-s-t-r-i-b-u-39wmd83c.png TABLE 2. - T e s t c o n d i t i o n s , product d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e c o v e r i e s f o r o i l s h a l e ~ x i d a t i o n t e s t s w i th l e s s than 21% oxygen. i https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-te-st-c-o-n-d-i-t-i-o-n-s-p-r-o-d-u-c-t-d-i-s-t-r-i-w1y7khav.png TABLE 1. Te'st c o n d i t i o n s , p r o d u c t d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e c o v e r i e s f o r o i l s h a l e o x i d a t i o n t e s t s https://scispace.com/papers/ojs-implementation-and-development-of-the-scientific-1nvry8h7fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-view-of-a-journal-in-the-fahce-9j7wzy1b.png Figure 2: Example of the view of a journal in the FaHCE journal site: Mundo Agrario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-view-of-the-homepage-of-the-fahce-journal-site-py6j7g4v.png Figure 1: View of the homepage of the FaHCE journal site https://scispace.com/papers/older-persons-who-re-present-to-the-emergency-department-an-5glb62gmbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-older-patients-re-presenting-to-2jensbzs.png Table 2. Characteristics of older patients re-presenting to ED following discharge from hospital stay that included stay in MAU (n=78) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-older-people-re-presentation-characteristics-1yo3sspl.png Table 3. Older people re-presentation characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-outcomes-for-older-people-re-presenting-to-ed-2r9508xn.png Table 4. Outcomes for older people re-presenting to ED https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-extraction-variables-sourced-from-electronic-2poi9n7q.png Table 1. Data extraction variables sourced from electronic medical record https://scispace.com/papers/old-jokes-new-media-online-sexism-and-constructions-of-1b2a74d5z6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-horny-harry-1959q4yh.png Figure 26 - Feminist Nazi (original type); Feminist Nazi (recaptioned) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-condescending-wonka-2ggj84r7.png Figure 11 – Condescending Wonka https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-success-kid-figure-10-philosoraptor-w4kkj8yg.png Figure 9 – Success Kid; Figure 10 - Philosoraptor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-feminist-nazi-original-type-feminist-nazi-34b6hb9l.png Figure 26 - Feminist Nazi (original type); Feminist Nazi (recaptioned) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-actual-advice-mallard-1ktk1jdh.png Figure 12 – Actual Advice Mallard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-trollface-figure-17-conspiracy-keanu-figure-18-35ge2mu0.png Figure 16 – Trollface; Figure 17 – Conspiracy Keanu; Figure 18 - Staredad https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-staredad-figure-23-redneck-randal-figure-24-3nhcsq68.png Figure 22 – Staredad; Figure 23 – Redneck Randal; Figure 24 – Vengeance Dad https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-insanity-wolf-3e8sqg0x.png Figure 25 – Insanity Wolf https://scispace.com/papers/olap-over-continuous-domains-via-density-based-hierarchical-1rwxr3v41r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-clustering-effect-on-spaeth-dataset-cf-tree-is-1d9qopaa.png Fig. 3. Clustering effect on Spaeth dataset. CF-tree is obtained with B=L=2. Left: OLAPBIRCH without DBSCAN, Right: OLAPBIRCH with DBSCAN; Top: LEV EL = 6, Bottom: LEV EL = 7. Points outside clusters are considered outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tpc-h-database-schema-8me47leb.png Fig. 2. TPC-H database schema https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-olapbirch-an-example-of-cf-tree-3w1wtqdd.png Fig. 1. OLAPBIRCH: An example of CF tree https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tpc-h-scalability-results-max-lev-20-b-l-2-3k4cbgch.png Table 1. TPC-H: scalability results. MAX LEV = 20, B = L = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tpc-h-data-distribution-over-the-region-dimension-2e5sfw37.png Fig. 4. TPC-H: Data distribution over the Region dimension https://scispace.com/papers/olfaktometrichna-diagnostika-na-suchasnomu-etapi-boimc7sf8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-olfactory-display-7-ow9axe1t.png Fig. 4 Olfactory display [7] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-general-scheme-of-quantitative-and-qualitative-vqgrwdou.png Table 1 The general scheme of quantitative and qualitative study of olfactory sensitivity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-patient-trends-with-olfactory-disorders-by-year-2-cfgo5pi2.png Fig. 1 Patient trends with olfactory disorders by year [2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-university-of-pennsylvania-smell-identification-test-2uedim94.png Fig. 3 University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) [6] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1gobr8w1.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/oligopoly-on-a-salop-circle-with-centre-4mgi4ry07i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-social-optima-1qkeyulq.png Figure 1: social optima. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-social-optima-and-market-equilibria-2sdo6n8y.png Figure 3: social optima and market equilibria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-market-equilibrium-13ssgd74.png Figure 2: market equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-social-optima-and-market-equilibria-with-discrete-n-4uz6lco6.png Figure 4: social optima and market equilibria with discrete n. https://scispace.com/papers/omental-leiomyosarcoma-with-unusual-giant-cells-in-a-beagle-3laplxdqvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-large-mass-with-blood-red-coloration-in-the-peritoneum-3pzwiviz.png Fig. 2. Large mass with blood-red coloration in the peritoneum. No nodular lesions are apparent in the spleen (arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coronal-section-abdominal-ct-showing-a-large-abdominal-xxkkzz7x.png Fig. 1. Coronal-section abdominal CT, showing a large abdominal mass (arrowheads). The spleen has been displaced to behind the liver (arrow) https://scispace.com/papers/on-a-probabilistic-model-for-martensitic-avalanches-5g2drl0mev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-quasiconvex-hull-kqc-i-e-the-set-of-all-190a3czr.png Figure 1. The quasiconvex hull Kqc, i.e. the set of all macroscopically realizable deformations, associated with the set K, depicted in Cauchy-Green space, see Section 3 for more detailed definitions. Here the wells from (3) correspond to the two corners of the paraboloid (and are coloured cyan and green, respectively). All other matrices in the depicted set are obtained as Cauchy-Green tensors of first or second order laminates (corresponding to the boundaries of the paraboloid and its relative interior, respectively). The colour coding here is the colour coding which is used for vertical twins (see the explanations below). In order to illustrate the difference between horizontal and vertical twins (in the sense of [DPR20]), we use a second colour scheme (see Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-we-use-theorem-2-to-construct-building-blocks-in-hsg5tpnc.png Figure 5. We use Theorem 2 to construct building blocks in the shape of rectangles (which themselves are covered by rhombiconstructions in the form of diamonds, see Figure 4). Different colours here correspond to different values of ∇u with the colour coding given as in Figure 3. For horizontal rectangles in the algorithms below we always begin with a decomposition along horizontal laminates, i.e. in the magenta-orange colour coding scheme. In particular from the colours in this figure it is clear that the underlying deformation is not yet a full solution (but only a subsolution, roughly speaking an approximate solution) to the differential inclusion. The construction of solutions to Theorem 2 is iterative. We have here depicted a subsolution obtained after three iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-random-convex-integration-solution-produced-by-1g16x515.png Figure 12. The random convex integration solution produced by Algorithm 3.2 (left) and a random packing without interior structure generated by the same random covering arguments as in Algorithm 3.2 (right) for M ≈ diag(0.939, 1.064), γ = 0.5. By using the building blocks from Theorem 2, the structures which are obtained in the limit k → ∞ of the Algorithm 3.2 become exactly stress-free solutions to the differential inclusion (5). The illustration shows the microstructure after 11 iterations of the covering procedure. Thus, we have inserted roughly 2000 building block structures according to the iteration rules of Algorithm 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-if-the-rectangle-djk-has-aspect-ratio-1-l-with-2a3rmtl2.png Figure 9. Top: If the rectangle Djk has aspect ratio 1 : L with 1 ≤ L ≤ δ−1 the inserted rectangles are translates of (0, δ)× (0, 1) and (0, L) × (0, Lδ). Center: If the aspect ratio is too long, that is L > δ−1, a rectangle (0, L) × (0, Lδ) is too tall to fit. We thus instead insert a translate of (0, δ−1)× (0, 1). Bottom: If the aspect ratio satisfies 12δ −1 ≤ L ≤ 2δ−1 we only modify the quadrant Q ⊂ Djk which contains the picked point p j k. More precisely, we use the constructions on the top and center with Djk replaced by Q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-algorithm-3-3-pictured-on-the-right-in-each-step-3erex2wf.png Figure 7. In Algorithm 3.3 (pictured on the right) in each step we randomly pick a point in the remaining area according to the normalized Lebesgue measure and insert a maximal rectangle B containing this point. In Algorithm 3.2 (pictured on the left) in each step we independently pick a random point for each connected component. In this schematic illustration of our algorithms the colours of the rectangles correspond to the iteration step k of our algorithm. In particular, we observe that in Algorithm B (right) only one set Bk is introduced in the step k while in the Algorithm A (left) we introduce 2k new sets Bjk in the k-th iteration step. As a consequence, on average, the microstructure produced in Algorithm 3.3 provides a much more uniform covering than the one from Algorithm 3.2, see also Figures 12, 13 in Section 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-radom-convex-integration-solutions-produced-by-3f1pmfc3.png Figure 2. The radom convex integration solutions produced by (a variant) of our algorithms (the picture here is generated by means of the modifications explained in Section 9.1). The colour coding uses cyan and green for vertical and magenta and orange for horizontal twins. In addition to the fractal behavior originating from the random (greedy type) covering which is observed in [BCH15, CH18, TIVP17], we here have a second source of fractality originating from the use of the convex integration building blocks within the random rectangle covering (see Section 3 below for more comments on this). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-random-convex-integration-solution-for-the-92vjqbzb.png Figure 13. The random convex integration solution for the boundary data M ≈ diag(0.939, 1.064), γ = 0.5. produced by Algorithm 3.3 (left) and a random packing without interior structure generated by the same random covering arguments as in Algorithm 3.3 (right). As in the setting of the Algorithm 3.2 the fact that we rely on building blocks with convex integration structure implies that in the limit k → ∞ the deformations are exactly stress-free solutions to the differential inclusion (5). In the illustration here we have iterated the algorithm roughly 1000 times and have thus introduced roughly 1000 covering rectangles. Due to the iteration scheme of Algorithm 3.3 the covering boxes are distributed much more uniformly than in Algorithm 3.2 and, on average, cover a larger volume fraction of the domain after the same number of boxes have been introduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-given-the-matrix-decomposition-we-employ-24weuai0.png Figure 4. Given the matrix decomposition, we employ “rhombiconstruction” on a diamond-shaped domain. The green colour coding of Figure 3 right corresponds to vertical twins, the magenta colour coding of Figure 3 left to horizontal twins. In the notation of [DPR20] these correspond to the coordinates F1 and F2, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/on-barrier-penetration-in-complete-fusion-systems-5vgzaz23hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-view-of-a-paritalwave-which-leads-to-23wsx5j9.png Figure 1. A schematic view of a· paritalwave which leads to complete fusion. https://scispace.com/papers/on-a-scattered-disk-origin-for-the-2003-el61-collisional-15gbrejohe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-important-dynamical-parameters-derived-from-the-1xj47t96.png Table 2 Important Dynamical Parameters Derived from the Three Pre-Existing Scattered-Disk Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-green-area-illustrates-the-regions-eccentricity-3ozjpfvh.png Figure 2. Green area illustrates the regions (eccentricity–semimajor axis distribution on the top panels and inclination–semimajor axis distribution on the bottom panels) visited by scattered-disk objects with no collisions included (left panels: from LD/DL97; right panels: from DWLD04; bottom TGML05). The blue curve in the top panels marks q = 34 AU and the red dot shows the center-of-mass orbit of the EL61 family (RB07). All three of our scattered disk simulations have objects which get within 265 m s−1 of the family. For reference, a typical impact of scattered-disk bodies with a mass ratio of 5 (as for the target/impactor estimated in BBRS) gives a δVmin of ∼450 m s−1. The black dots show stable Kuiper belt orbits that result from actual simulations of SD evolution, accounting for such collisions. In all cases the osculating orbits are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orbital-elements-of-the-known-el61-family-as-clbkzfkg.png Table 1 Orbital Elements of the Known EL61 Family as Supplied by the Minor Planet Center on 2007 July 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-spread-of-families-in-a-e-and-a-i-3d12pq1x.png Figure 3. Comparison of the spread of families in ∆a–∆e and ∆a–∆i space, where ∆x is defined to be the difference between a particular orbital element of the family member and that of the collision orbit. The black dots show the proper orbital elements of the real family members as determined by RB07. We did not plot 2003 EL61 or 1999 OY3 because their orbits have changed since the family formed (RB07). The green dots show a fictitious family with a collision orbit of a = 42.0 AU, e = 0.09, i = 21◦, ω = 111◦, M = −72◦. For comparison, the red dots show a fictitious family with a collision orbit of a = 42.2 AU, e = 0.09, i = 23◦, ω = 294◦, M = 174◦. This shows that this diagnostic is a sensitive test for the models and that we can reproduce the observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fraction-of-scattered-disk-objects-remaining-in-1j27p6gr.png Figure 1. The fraction of scattered-disk objects remaining in a simulation as a function of time. The solid curve shows the results from LD97 and DL97. The dotted curve shows the results from DWLD04. The gray curve shows TGML05. Time is measured from the beginning of Stage III. https://scispace.com/papers/on-biocompatibility-and-stability-of-transversal-rdwtygwhxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-electrode-consisting-of-micromachined-electrode-1z1wx61l.png Fig. 1. TIME electrode consisting of micromachined electrode array, ceramic carrier, cable and connector. Inset shows details on arrangement of stimulation sites and counter electrode (GND). https://scispace.com/papers/on-chip-brownian-relaxation-measurements-of-magnetic-ot8m5mfm8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-domain-measurements-of-clustering-of-2rqi50pr.png FIG. 7. Frequency domain measurements of clustering of streptavidin coated beads by bBSA. The in-phase (top) and out-of-phase (bottom) second harmonic sensor signals are plotted vs. bias current frequency. The lines are curve fits of Eq. (19) to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plot-of-the-magnetic-self-field-l0h-from-the-23hbkdcr.png FIG. 2. Contour plot of the magnetic self-field (l0H) from the bias current through the sensor. The black line from y0 ¼ 10 lm to y0 ¼ 10 lm represents the sensor. The inset shows a sketch of the sensor, where the red line through the upper left branch represents the cross section where the selffield is calculated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-brownian-relaxation-measurements-in-the-time-domain-2j4uumiy.png FIG. 4. Brownian relaxation measurements in the time domain. Vave normalized with the fitting parameter V0t vs. time for four different bead sizes. The lines are curve fits of Eq. (15) to the data. The signals have all been corrected for offsets found from fitting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equilibrium-values-of-vave-and-vdiff-obtained-from-15loh5sn.png FIG. 3. Equilibrium values of Vave and Vdiff obtained from time domain measurements vs. current amplitude I0. Panel (a) shows corrected equilibrium values of Vave vs. I0 with and without 80 nm magnetic beads. The solid line is a parabolic fit to the measurements with beads. Panel (b) shows values of Vdiff vs. I0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-brownian-relaxation-measurements-in-the-frequency-1xtppvuf.png FIG. 5. Brownian relaxation measurements in the frequency domain. Second harmonic in-phase (top) and out-of-phase (bottom) signal vs. frequency for 5 different bead sizes. The sweep is performed from high to low frequencies. The lines are curve fits of Eq. (19) to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-obtained-from-least-squares-fitting-of-eq-1vxo380o.png TABLE I. Parameters obtained from least squares fitting of Eq. (15) to the time domain measurements and of Eq. (19) to the frequency domain measurements for the four different bead sizes. The 40 nm beads are from Ocean Nanotech and suspended in MilliQ water, while the remaining three types are from Micromod and suspended in PBS. The numbers in parentheses are the errors for the 95 % confidence interval obtained from the least squares curve fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-domain-measurements-of-clustering-of-streptavidin-zjltthwp.png FIG. 6. Time domain measurements of clustering of streptavidin coated bead by binding to bBSA. Vave is plotted vs. time. The lines are curve fits of Eq. (15) to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-how-a-magnetic-bead-relaxes-in-a-flipping-1ktxmvnp.png FIG. 1. Schematic of how a magnetic bead relaxes in a flipping magnetic field. The magnetic field changes direction when the current changes direction. Before flipping of the magnetic field, the magnetization of the bead will be parallel with the field. Immediately after flipping of the magnetic field, the magnetization of the bead will be anti-parallel, meaning the magnetization along the applied field is M ¼ M0. The bead will then relax by rotation to become parallel with the field (M ¼ M0). https://scispace.com/papers/on-chip-adiabatic-couplers-for-broadband-quantum-52f0e3qj6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-simulated-quantum-polarization-state-preparation-318obsji.png Fig. 2 (a) Simulated quantum polarization state preparation efficiency in frequency domain. The black line is the type-II phase-matched SPDC photon-pair tuning curve under an H-polarized 775 nm pump. (b), (c), and (d) are the simulated density matrices for a 775-nm pumped QPM type-II SPDC source when working with the AAC for phase-matched V-polarized signals at 1480, 1631, and 1790 nm (corresponding idlers at 1627, 1477, and 1367 nm), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-schematic-diagram-of-the-asymmetric-adiabatic-rentli64.png Fig. 1 (a) The schematic diagram of the asymmetric adiabatic coupler (AAC). (b) Measured (solid circles) and simulated wavelengthdependent splitting spectra of the AAC for V- and H-polarized fundamental modes (solid and dashed lines, respectively), where the stars mark 50%/50% splitting ratios on two special wavelengths at V-polarized 1631 nm and H-polarized 1477 nm, exactly a photon pair generated via a type-II SPDC when pumped by an H-polarized 775 nm laser. https://scispace.com/papers/on-channel-state-inference-and-prediction-using-observable-3ktxf5227z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-correlation-in-ber-phy-rate-11mbps-318wteq7.png Figure 5 Temporal correlation in BER, PHY rate 11Mbps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topologies-used-for-wireless-trace-collection-1qy3se25.png Figure 1 Topologies used for wireless trace collection https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-trace-numbering-key-for-5-5mbps-and-11mbps-2autdzw9.png Table I Trace numbering key for 5.5Mbps and 11Mbps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-concentration-loss-due-to-imperfect-csi-in-the-3ul4bugp.png Figure 6 Concentration loss due to imperfect CSI. In the above Figures, x-axis represents the trace number, while yaxis represents the concentration loss. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-bt-and-ssr-on-ber-phy-rate-11mbps-1rqhtwfo.png Figure 3 Impact of BT and SSR on BER, PHY rate 11Mbps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-statistics-for-the-802-11b-trace-data-set-1x2l2ev2.png Figure 2 Average statistics for the 802.11b trace data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-concentration-gain-due-to-side-information-3ustvgo7.png Figure 4 Concentration gain due to side-information . https://scispace.com/papers/on-comparisons-of-the-isagraf-implementation-of-iec-61499-1qlkigq6gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-event-sequence-detector-in-isagraf-implementation-3cw9mzq7.png Figure 5. (a) Event sequence detector in ISaGRAF implementation and (b) in “FBDK” implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sfc-of-the-ledsequence-fb-figure-4-chain-of-3t24rfpe.png Figure 3. SFC of the LEDSequence FB. Figure 4. Chain of function blocks activation by a “PLC-like” resource. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-function-block-application-illustrating-that-the-2yp8g84q.png Figure 8. A function block application illustrating that the order of invocation can impact on the results of the computations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-led-chaser-system-2ndtx0ll.png Figure 1. LED Chaser system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ledchaser-fb-program-in-isagraf-378ipvno.png Figure 2. LedChaser FB program in ISaGRAF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-basic-function-block-in-fbdk-paradigm-encapsulating-173k0wze.png Figure 6. Basic function block (in FBDK paradigm) encapsulating SFC. Figure 7. Distributed configuration of the LEDChaser in the FBDK paradigm. https://scispace.com/papers/on-destabilizing-effects-of-two-fundamental-non-conservative-3vfs2k88ka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-skipping-stone-44754e9w.png Fig. 6. Skipping stone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-forces-on-induced-currents-22t62epa.png Fig. 4. Forces on induced currents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematics-of-cantilever-elastic-bar-2xgyl59w.png Fig. 5. Schematics of cantilever—elastic bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-with-a-stable-potential-2dwyg9x7.png Fig. 1. System with a stable potential. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-of-dynamics-onto-potential-energy-surface-bvksklh8.png Fig. 2. Projection of dynamics onto potential energy surface. https://scispace.com/papers/on-determining-leading-coalitions-in-supply-chains-4ii9d5xilw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-on-leading-selections-for-different-classes-35l22gdx.png Table 7: Results on leading selections for different classes of instances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-details-on-the-classes-of-instances-considered-10ri5pdh.png Table 6: Details on the classes of instances considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-cooperative-selection-situation-in-example-5-jqpm62u2.png Table 4: The cooperative selection situation in Example 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-excesses-corresponding-to-the-leading-selections-3u48qoog.png Table 5: The excesses corresponding to the leading selections in Example 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-excesses-of-all-feasible-coalitions-in-example-1-cfm6sljl.png Table 1: The excesses of all feasible coalitions in Example 1 with respect to the two leading allocations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-blocking-graph-of-the-cooperative-selection-2yzc1pbo.png Figure 1: Blocking graph of the cooperative selection situation in Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-cooperative-selection-situation-in-example-4-1bz6qsny.png Table 2: The cooperative selection situation in Example 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-excesses-corresponding-to-the-four-leading-28v94ztc.png Table 3: The excesses corresponding to the four leading allocations in Example 4. https://scispace.com/papers/on-diet-and-gut-size-in-non-human-primates-and-humans-is-4n408997ye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-allometric-relationship-between-the-area-of-the-2u4si79s.png Figure 1. Allometric relationship between the area of the absorptive mucosa of the digestive tract and functional body size in three distinct group of species, according to major dietary patterns (in a total of 117 primates of 50 species, among 180 mammals; after Chivers and Hladik, 1980). Similar measurements of 4 post-mortem human specimens (samples P81 of Hladik and Chivers) are reported on the figure. Functional body size (10-3L3) is plotted along a logarithmic scale (L= nose to anus for animals; sitting height for humans). https://scispace.com/papers/on-estimating-long-run-effects-in-models-with-lagged-58izgh0is5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-of-lrp-in-a-dpd-model-n-50-t-10-1z9hec50.png TABLE 8 Estimation of LRP in a DPD Model (N=50, T=10): Jackknifing and Indirect Inference https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-of-lrp-in-a-dpd-model-n-50-t-10-ah-dgmm-3l1oewh5.png TABLE 4 Estimation of LRP in a DPD Model (N=50, T=10): AH, DGMM, and SGMM https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-of-lrp-in-a-dpd-model-n-140-t-5-ah-dgmm-fyt0gtz6.png TABLE 5 Estimation of LRP in a DPD Model (N=140, T=5): AH, DGMM, and SGMM https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-jackknifing-and-indirect-inference-3lhffqqu.png TABLE 6 Comparison of Jackknifing and Indirect Inference with OLS Estimates of 𝜷𝒚 in an ARDL Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demonstration-of-finite-sample-bias-in-ols-2hv7cc8v.png TABLE 2 Demonstration of Finite-Sample Bias in OLS Estimation of an AR Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-of-lrp-in-an-ardl-model-jackknifing-and-2ip1s93k.png TABLE 7 Estimation of LRP in an ARDL Model: Jackknifing and Indirect Inference https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-of-lrp-in-an-ardl-model-ols-2p49b79i.png TABLE 3 Estimation of LRP in an ARDL Model: OLS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-studies-that-estimate-1s63g3zt.png TABLE 1 Sample of Studies that Estimate 𝑳𝑳𝑳 = 𝜷�𝒙 �𝟏 − 𝜷�𝒚�� https://scispace.com/papers/on-formulas-for-p-experimentally-conjectured-by-jauregui-2k4nab5ioy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-matrix-of-mu-n-m-values-for-1-n-6-and-1-m-12-39f8r73y.png FIG. 2. A matrix of MU(n, m) values for 1 ≤ n ≤ 6 and 1 ≤ m ≤ 12 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-plot-of-q-r-p-339s1afg.png FIG. 1. A plot of Q(r) − π . https://scispace.com/papers/on-futures-for-streaming-data-in-abs-2yj4lvjxrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-results-of-the-distributed-pa-in-abs-2jt6v5l7.png Fig. 3. Performance results of the distributed PA in ABS-Haskell for graphs of n = 107 nodes with d = (a) 3, (b) 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-memory-residency-in-mb-per-virtual-machine-ss44ivkn.png Table 1. Maximum memory residency (in MB) per virtual machine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-syntax-1d4v05dc.png Fig. 2. Syntax https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-in-abs-extended-by-future-based-data-6aohmdi6.png Fig. 1. An example in ABS extended by future-based data streams https://scispace.com/papers/on-heterogeneity-in-mobile-sensing-applications-aiming-at-4iau8oslqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identified-categorization-of-heterogeneity-types-31h6uzdv.png Table 2: Identified categorization of heterogeneity types https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-for-cases-29hggq4p.png Table 1: Details for cases https://scispace.com/papers/on-inferring-regional-as-topologies-423q0i0wxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-skitter-data-zzen1mes.png Table 1: Skitter data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-as-core-map-in-u-s-est-2eo2lpkt.png Figure 8: AS Core Map in U.S.(EST) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-as-core-map-in-europe-22qfhqlx.png Figure 6: AS Core Map in Europe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-as-core-map-in-asia-3qzlghu0.png Figure 7: AS Core Map in Asia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-caidas-ipv4-as-core-map-january-2008-2uyrc5kd.png Figure 1: CAIDA’s IPv4 AS Core Map, January 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-as-core-map-in-u-s-pst-1nrgqf92.png Figure 9: AS Core Map in U.S.(PST) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-clustering-method-of-as-boundaries-using-common-24b9ljg6.png Figure 2: The clustering method of AS boundaries using common IP addresses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-clustering-method-with-a-delay-threshold-35d7leek.png Figure 3: The clustering method with a delay threshold https://scispace.com/papers/on-line-wavelet-denoising-with-application-to-the-control-of-18dnj9fxff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-closed-loop-response-of-angular-acceleration-and-3vu3i0nj.png Figure 16. Closed-loop response of angular acceleration and velocity to square-wave angular acceleration commands; on-line denoising of angular velocity signal using a wavelet filter with 4 scales, a threshold of 30 and a delay of 10 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-closed-loop-control-for-using-velocity-feedback-2wk4f280.png Figure 15. Closed loop control for Ω̇ using velocity feedback https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-open-loop-response-of-angular-acceleration-and-19ddy1a1.png Figure 8. Open-loop response of angular acceleration and velocity to sinusoidal angular acceleration commands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-open-loop-response-of-angular-acceleration-and-3ae75l67.png Figure 7. Open-loop response of angular acceleration and velocity to square-wave angular acceleration commands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-wavelet-denoising-of-angular-velocity-signal-from-1ihzs4gq.png Figure 10. Wavelet denoising of angular velocity signal from Hall sensor using a threshold of 50 and a delay of 15 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-angular-velocity-measurements-from-hall-sensor-2zhzov3y.png Figure 9. Angular velocity measurements from Hall sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-closed-loop-response-of-angular-acceleration-and-r3j1yz8b.png Figure 17. Closed-loop response of angular acceleration and velocity to sinusoidal angular acceleration commands; on-line denoising of angular velocity signal using a wavelet filter with 4 scales, a threshold of 30 and a delay of 10 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-perfect-reconstruction-filter-banks-used-for-the-2gd4uvg5.png Figure 1. Perfect reconstruction filter banks, used for the implementation of the wavelet transform on the real axis. https://scispace.com/papers/on-minimizing-the-sum-ofensor-movements-for-barrier-coverage-3ovi8g568u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arrangement-of-sensors-for-proving-the-np-completeness-1wb98ksq.png Fig. 1. Arrangement of sensors for proving the NP-completeness of a slightly restricted variation of the MinMax problem when one sensor cannot be moved. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-the-minmax-problem-assuming-the-n-3aq2xf7q.png Table 1. Results for the MinMax problem assuming the n sensors have identical ranges. L is the length of the barrier and R the sum of length of covering intervals, and C, g are both linear functions of the initial sensor positions and the length of the line segment to be covered. https://scispace.com/papers/on-optimizing-firewall-performance-in-dynamic-networks-by-3o3wuzvgkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-results-obtained-for-the-second-experiment-384r6io1.png Figure 11: The results obtained for the second experiment, comparing our algorithm with an extended schedule-based re-ordering policy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-results-obtained-from-the-first-data-set-39bpv6dv.png Figure 9: The results obtained from the first data set comparing our algorithm with a traditional schedule-based re-ordering policy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-a-comparison-of-our-algorithm-with-the-one-20eu4ew0.png Table 10: A comparison of our algorithm with the one presented in [1] with the DAG characterized by a 5% chance of an edge between two nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-a-comparison-of-our-algorithm-with-the-one-presented-2z6mzbdo.png Table 9: A comparison of our algorithm with the one presented in [1] with the DAG characterized by a 1% chance of an edge between two nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-action-field-values-of-a-firewall-and-its-z03v5c6b.png Table 1: The action field values of a firewall and its effects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-notation-for-the-port-field-in-a-firewall-rule-1uo4xgy2.png Table 2: Notation for the port field in a firewall rule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-how-algorithm-2-re-orders-rules-3lbykbei.png Figure 2: How Algorithm 2 re-orders rules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-forward-chain-of-iptables-containing-the-23ynp37n.png Figure 5: The FORWARD chain of iptables containing the firewall rules for Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-plesionika-quasigrandis-chace-1985-decapoda-caridea-2mp5m3vl6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bayesian-phylogenetic-tree-from-partial-sequences-554-18komcmu.png Fig. 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree from partial sequences (554-657 bp) of COI gene amongst available Plesionika species downloaded from GenBank and generated in the present work. Posterior probability estimated by Bayesian inference shown on branches. Plesionika quasigrandis Chace, 1985 specimens are indicated with an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plesionika-quasigrandis-chace-1985-from-kalamukku-1w40hoai.png Fig. 1. Plesionika quasigrandis Chace, 1985, from Kalamukku fishing port, India, ovigerous female, CL 20 mm (CMFRI): a, rostrum and anterior carapace, lateral; b, abdominal pleura IV and V, lateral; c, left pereiopod III, propodus and dactylus, lateral; d, dactylus of left pereiopod III, ventral. Scale bars: a-c = 3 mm, d = 1 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/on-reasons-of-the-scatter-of-literature-data-for-bed-load-1trmsl404i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-dimensionless-mean-hop-length-using-the-biased-24ad5vz7.png Figure 3. (a) Dimensionless mean hop length (using the biased estimate) as a function of u*/u*c. The motion was identified using the definitions of: Campagnol et al. (2013), Hosseini‐Sadabadi et al. (2016b), Seizilles et al. (2014), and using a cutoff velocity. (b) Dimensionless mean hop length as a function of u*/u*c. Gray and hollow triangles show biased and unbiased estimates, respectively. Motion was identified using the definition of Hosseini‐Sadabadi et al. (2016b). (c) Dimensionless mean hop length as a function of u*/u*c. Gray and white symbols are for the biased and unbiased estimates, respectively. Symbol shapes are as in Figure 3a. (d) Dimensionless mean time of motion as a function of u*/u*c. Gray and white symbols are for the biased and unbiased estimates, respectively. Symbol shapes are as in Figure 3a. In panels (a) to (d), previous literature findings are pooled together and symbolized with +. (e) The time‐mean entrainment rateE as a function of u*/u*c for each definition of motion used in this study. (f) The time‐mean concentration of moving particles as a function of u*/u*c for each definition of motion used in this study. In panels (e) and (f), symbol shapes are as in Figure 3a. Note that the horizontal axis has different range in the panels to maximize readability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-complete-and-incomplete-particle-hops-in-154c8qfo.png Figure 1. Sketch of complete and incomplete particle hops in a bed‐load transport process. Black circles correspond to rest positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-x-coordinate-of-a-sample-tracked-particle-and-1mmyei85.png Figure 2. (a) The x coordinate of a sample tracked particle and (b) its stream‐wise velocity us (experiment R2). The other plots (c to f, respectively) present the Boolean variable M as returned by the criteria of (I) Campagnol et al. (2013), (II) Hosseini‐Sadabadi et al. (2016b), (III) Seizilles et al. (2014), and (IV) a criterion based on a cutoff velocity. Ne is the total number of entrainment events detected using a definition of motion. https://scispace.com/papers/on-probabilistic-data-association-for-achieving-near-2olrvv9apv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-considered-system-3ey86dp6.png Fig. 1: Block diagram of the considered system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-possible-sets-z-2e0024cu.png Fig. 2: Possible sets Z . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-pda-and-o-pda-10qt0ufj.png Fig. 4: Performance of PDA and O-PDA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-performance-of-the-pda-detector-28r77emn.png Fig. 3: Simulated Performance of the PDA Detector https://scispace.com/papers/on-revisions-in-national-accounts-estimates1-1rqb92aqz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-revisions-in-the-level-comparison-between-first-mhdfrd2r.png TABLE 3 REVISIONS IN THE LEVEL (COMPARISON BETWEEN FIRST ESTIMATE AND LAST https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gross-national-product-at-market-prices-of-the-2owrb5a0.png TABLE 1 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT MARKET PRICES OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANYO https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-and-10-8-column-4-table-3-for-item-21-profits-of-dy6elrn8.png Table 2) and - 10.8 (column 4, Table 3) for item 21 (Profits of Government). For https://scispace.com/papers/on-self-adjoint-extensions-and-symmetries-in-quantum-4wszacgkct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-the-cylinder-in-example-7-1-g1-2hy6yyav.png Figure 1. Representation of the cylinder in Example 7.1. Γ1 and Γ2 are the disconnected components of the boundary https://scispace.com/papers/on-smiles-winks-and-handshakes-as-coordination-devices-1hling7nnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gcdnrhhn.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3ez0l9ad.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-player-interface-27qdc0nc.png Figure 1 Player interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatment-simfree-simultaneous-and-non-costly-3dthqoun.png Table 1: Treatment SimFree Simultaneous and Non-Costly Signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-treatment-seqcost-sequential-and-costly-signals-102a16ms.png Table 3: Treatment SeqCost Sequential and Costly Signals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1n4t0idc.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1s037f1x.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/on-stability-of-regional-orthomodular-posets-53k2cgyvia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-quantum-logic-composed-by-four-complementary-pairs-2hzfsh05.png Fig. 3. A quantum logic composed by four complementary pairs; the regional logic of the CETS in figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cets-with-fewer-states-than-its-regional-logic-wyqveprx.png Fig. 2. A CETS with fewer states than its regional logic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-regular-quantum-logic-3ujpv5b6.png Fig. 1. A regular quantum logic. https://scispace.com/papers/on-surface-integration-and-test-of-the-atlas-central-4j1c6gatpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-surface-installation-august-2003-18rd9agp.png Fig. 4. On-surface installation (August 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-layout-of-the-end-cap-used-for-chimney-thermal-load-34whws8a.png Fig. 5. Layout of the end-cap used for chimney thermal load test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mock-up-of-the-cryostat-bulkhead-and-feedthrough-32l0067w.png Fig. 3. Mock-up of the cryostat bulkhead and feedthrough. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layout-of-the-on-surface-test-setup-9v5k6ilu.png Fig. 2. Layout of the on-surface test setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cooling-mass-flow-test-of-the-chimney-at-a-current-of-b4m84qy1.png Fig. 6. Cooling mass flow test of the chimney at a current of 8 kA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-barrel-cryostat-cross-section-1ha75t68.png Fig. 1. Barrel cryostat cross section. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-acceleration-of-the-convergence-of-singular-operators-1mm1ay88d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-hydrogen-molecule-r-1-4-bohr-convergence-of-the-2qg26itp.png TABLE V. Hydrogen molecule,R=1.4 bohr. Convergence of the expectation values computed directly in comparison with those obtained by the integral transformsITd. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-convergence-ofr-see-eq-s32d-for-the-hydrogen-mbkqbln7.png TABLE VI. Convergence ofr, see Eq.s32d, for the hydrogen molecule at R=1.4 bohr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-nonrelativistic-energy-e-its-relative-error-de-1sar8rsj.png TABLE I. The nonrelativistic energy,E, its relative error,DE, and the largest expansion length,K, of the ECG wave function applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-helium-atom-convergence-of-the-expectation-values-13einujk.png TABLE II. Helium atom. Convergence of the expectation values computed directly, using the Drachmanization sDrd, and by the integral transformsITd. An implicit summation over all the electrons and electron pairs is assumed in the notation used here and in Tables III–VI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-lithium-atom-expectation-values-computed-from-the-zrm55lbr.png TABLE III. Lithium atom. Expectation values computed from the 2000-term ECG wave function by means of three methods: directly, using the DrachmanizationsDrd, and by the integral transformsITd in comparison with accurate Yan and Drake valuessRef. 27d. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-beryllium-atom-convergence-of-the-expectation-cyqqe09a.png TABLE IV. Beryllium atom. Convergence of the expectation values computed directly, using the Drachmanization sDrd, and by the integral transformsITd. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-adequacy-of-principal-factor-analysis-for-the-study-8caexxjg71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mask-corresponding-to-the-ventricles-on-the-39t57nn0.png Figure 3. The mask corresponding to the ventricles on the Zubal phantom (left) was extracted simply by isolating the corresponding intensity value. Similary, the ventricle mask for the patient image (middle) was extracted by thresholding and morphological operations. Finally, the Zubal mask was warped to the shape of the patient ventricle (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-zubal-phantom-top-contains-a-colour-coded-4pktun3o.png Figure 2. The Zubal phantom (top) contains a colour-coded labelling of anatomical structures. This image, as well as the patient images, is registered to the MNI phantom (middle) via an affine transformation. The results of this registration on the Zubal phantom are shown (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pca-and-pfa-results-on-2d-landmark-data-sets-2qm1hbjx.png Figure 1. PCA and PFA results on 2D landmark data sets representing corpora callosa. Top: First 3 principal components (ordered from left to right according to the variance explained), and bottom: first 3 principal factors after Varimax rotation. PFA provides modes of variation that are more easily interpretable and intuitive. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deformation-field-only-x-component-is-shown-mapping-3naw1lv2.png Figure 4. Deformation field (only x component is shown) mapping the Zubal ventricle mask to the ventricle mask of one of the patients. On the right, the voxels corresponding to the outer boundary of the ventricles were isolated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-view-of-the-norm-of-the-first-principal-2fdlv3fh.png Figure 5. 3D view of the norm of the first principal component (left) and principal factor (right) extracted from a training set of 3D displacement vector fields on the surface of brain ventricles. PFA factors have a more localized effect (in the back of the ventricles). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-asymptotic-performance-of-mimo-correlated-rician-1dd0q3zqfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-capacity-forr-0-5-optimization-for-k-13zj3k7c.png Fig. 3. Capacity forρ = 0.5 : Optimization for K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bit-error-rate-simulation-versus-theory-176ao1tl.png Fig. 2. Bit Error Rate : Simulation versus Theory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-capacity-simulation-versus-theory-mm2thtuw.png Fig. 1. Capacity : Simulation versus Theory https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-causality-between-trade-credits-and-imports-evidence-30o3s2ysyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-country-estimation-variables-are-measured-as-a-1wkda6qd.png Table 4. Cross-country estimation Variables are measured as a percentage change between periods. Estimation uses the OLS. Standard errors are in parentheses. Symbol ∗ [∗∗, ∗∗∗] denotes statistical significance at the 10% [5%, 1%] level https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-panel-data-estimation-variables-are-in-log-1xz9lxep.png Table 1. Baseline panel data estimation. Variables are in log. m denotes the first difference of lag m. The sample is a balance panel data covering semiannual periods from 1992 to 1997. Estimation uses the dynamic panel data framework. Standard errors are in parentheses. Symbol ∗ [∗∗, ∗∗∗] denotes statistical significance at the 10% [5%, 1%] level https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-panel-estimation-by-region-region-classification-by-2yicccrb.png Table 2. Panel estimation by region. Region classification by the World Bank: Africa (AFR), East Asia & Pacific (EAP), Eastern Europe & Central Asia (ECA), Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC), Middle East and North Africa (MNA), and South Asia (SAR). Variables are in log. m denotes the first difference of lag m. The sample is a balance panel data covering semiannual periods from 1992 to 1997. Estimation uses the dynamic panel data framework. Standard errors are in parentheses. Symbol ∗ [∗∗, ∗∗∗] denotes statistical significance at the 10% [5%, 1%] level https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-comparison-of-transmission-electron-microscopy-and-18kzzjbajj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2uyrknq1.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xbb790-13567a-9je4vwon.png Fig. 2 XBB790-13567A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1xsfetb8.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-chilopoda-of-north-america-with-a-catalogue-of-all-3q8mdj1m6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-r-a-reproduced-leg-7prpxzd1.png Fig. 7. R.—A reproduced leg. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-complexity-of-asynchronous-gossip-3qk8wrfqi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-epidemic-style-gossip-algorithm-ears-stated-for-t46sucot.png Figure 2: The Epidemic-style gossip algorithm ears, stated for process p; rp denotes the rumor of p. Every time p is scheduled to take a step, it executes one iteration of the main loop. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-gossip-protocols-for-the-synchronous-and-3f7w4ylc.png Table 1: Comparing gossip protocols for the synchronous and partially synchronous models, in the context of an adaptive or oblivious adversary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-hop-majority-gossip-algorithm-tears-stated-for-219x8s8e.png Figure 3: Two-hop majority gossip algorithm tears, stated for process p; rp denotes the rumor of p. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-consensus-protocols-under-an-oblivious-adversary-for-2u17qye9.png Table 2: Consensus protocols under an oblivious adversary. For consensus f < n/2 is assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-construction-in-theorem-1-15xygjjn.png Figure 1: Illustration of the construction in Theorem 1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-connection-between-hamming-codes-heapsort-and-other-36toxx8cxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partition-of-8-data-elements-into-subsets-of-size-3-2wcz73pz.png Figure 2: Partition of 8 data elements into subsets of size 3 √ 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-16-data-bits-in-a-4-dimensional-hypercube-1z4jvr41.png Figure 1: Layout of 16 data bits in a 4-dimensional hypercube with 8 parity bits https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-complexity-of-privacy-preserving-complex-event-54f2ajdtm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-symbols-used-38qow0vt.png Table 1: Summary of the symbols used https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-convergence-of-the-holistic-analysis-for-edf-18cpifbt5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-second-analysis-scenario-of-task-t2-synchronous-2xc1bapk.png Figure 6: Second analysis scenario of task τ2, synchronous activation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-preemption-order-change-because-of-jitter-increase-vynfc64j.png Figure 2: Preemption order change because of jitter increase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-end-to-end-flows-of-the-system-1e18sq97.png Table 1: End-to-end flows of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-door-operator-systems-task-model-3e3c53gu.png Figure 10: Door operator system’s task model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-first-analysis-scenario-of-task-t2-a-synchronous-3euzs7fh.png Figure 5: First analysis scenario of task τ2. (a) Synchronous activation. (b) Synchronous deadline with task τ3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-end-to-end-flow-diagram-t0kr9zof.png Figure 1: End-to-end flow diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-system-with-any-number-of-tasks-a-system-before-3rzpw7a9.png Figure 9: System with any number of tasks. (a) System before increasing the release jitter of task τn+m+1. (b) System after increasing the release jitter of task τn+m+1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-analysis-scenario-of-task-t1-a-synchronous-3fhvxi3l.png Figure 3: First analysis scenario of task τ1. (a) Synchronous activation. (b) Synchronous deadline with task τ2. (c) Synchronous deadline with task τ3. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-core-of-cost-revenue-games-minimum-cost-spanning-tree-4t2gmos5c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coalitional-values-of-the-cost-game-dual-game-he6du9b0.png Table 1: Coalitional values of the cost game, dual game, additive revenues, and cost-revenue game in Example 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mcst-problem-with-revenues-in-example-4-1-39hoja4l.png Figure 1: The mcst problem with revenues in Example 4.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coalitional-values-of-the-mcst-game-with-revenues-in-3ucicw6n.png Table 3: Coalitional values of the mcst game with revenues in Example 4.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coalitional-values-of-the-routing-game-associated-xr3dxtrg.png Table 4: Coalitional values of the routing game, associated dual game, additive revenues, and routing game with revenues in Example 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coalitional-values-of-the-cost-game-and-dual-game-in-3qrrvg2v.png Table 2: Coalitional values of the cost game and dual game in Example 3.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coalitional-values-of-the-traveling-salesman-game-3mr53gmn.png Table 5: Coalitional values of the traveling salesman game, associated dual game, additive revenues, and net revenues in Example 5.1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-cytology-of-non-nucleated-organisms-by-a-b-macallum-i66574zczf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-a-and-b-cylindrospermum-majus-old-culture-acetic-xxoxxec1.png Fig. 18 a and b.—Cylindrospermum majus. Old culture, acetic-methyl green. x 3,000. Fig. iq.—Oscillaria natans. Fresh culture, artificial gastric juice 48 hours, picrocarmine, glycerine, x 2,250. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-56-scucharomyces-ludwigii-alcohol-nitric-molybdate-5-2ij3wb5d.png Fig. 56.—Scucharomyces Ludwigii. Alcohol, nitric-molybdate 5 hours, phenylhydrazin hydrochloride, balsam, x 3,000. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-differences-in-ablation-seasons-of-arctic-and-6da1tpzwge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rell1tionship-between-rell1tive-humidity-f-and-a9gbo4hk.png Figure 1. The rell1tionship between rell1tive humidity f and air temperature Ta for various values of rp according to eq 7. The dashed lines indicate the limits of three possible Bowen ratio regions. In region I both F H and FE are downward, so B > 0; in region I! F H is downward and FE is upward, so B < 0; and in region II! both F H and FE are upward, so again B > o. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-computation-of-net-radiation-wpz5cnoj.png Table 1. The computation of net radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictions-of-the-bulk-transfer-coefficients-for-3ad14hkh.png Table 2. Predictions of the bulk transfer coefficients for heat and moisture using Brutsaert's (1975) model. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-differential-impact-of-monetary-policy-across-states-4t27ry30mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-response-of-real-sfd-and-exports-to-an-official-cash-1w8oxty0.png Table 2 Response of Real SFD and Exports to an Official Cash Rate Shock (100 bps) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-irf-of-real-gsp-to-an-official-cash-rate-shock-svec-4ngpygy0.png Figure 4. IRF of Real GSP* to an Official Cash Rate Shock (SVEC model), 100 bps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-gsp-by-state-territory-1990-2009-a-000-1h4un1dp.png Figure 1. Real GSP by State/Territory, 1990-2009 (A$’000 Millions) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exports-and-imports-by-state-territory-as-a-gasi55i8.png Figure 3. Exports and Imports by State/Territory as a Percentage of GSP (average of period 1990- 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mortgage-repayments-as-a-percentage-of-disposable-vxw5koud.png Figure 2. Mortgage Repayments as a Percentage of Disposable Income by State (2003-2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-svar-and-svec-models-variable-descriptions-and-3jjtgrdk.png Table 4 SVAR and SVEC Models, Variable Descriptions and Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-models-1-and-2-variable-descriptions-and-sources-nqtsfsx9.png Table 5 OLS Models 1 and 2, Variable Descriptions and Sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-determinants-of-monetary-shocks-responses-pu3qqwp2.png Table 3 OLS Determinants of Monetary Shocks Responses https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-estimation-of-the-global-minimum-variance-portfolio-4jqjggfjeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-precision-of-parameter-estimates-2zk3onoq.png Table 1: Precision of Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weight-estimates-of-the-global-minimum-variance-33bgwzri.png Table 2: Weight Estimates of the Global Minimum Variance Portfolio https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-evolutionary-status-and-pulsations-of-the-recently-4oa8o4b6qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-periods-of-unstable-1-g-modes-in-terms-of-the-40px75s4.png Figure 3. Periods of unstable (ℓ = 1) g modes in terms of the effective temperature, with the palette of colors (right scale) indicating the value of the logarithm of the e-folding time (in years), corresponding to He-core pre-WD sequences with stellar masses 0.2724, 0.3208, 0.3419 and 0.3630M⊙ , and Z = 0.05. Note that the e-folding times range from ∼ 10−2 to 102 yr, much shorter than the typical evolutionary timescales at that stage of evolution. The rectangle corresponds to the Teff interval measured for BLAPs and the range of observed periods. Note that the observed periodicities (1200. Π . 2400 s) are well accounted for by our theoretical computations if we consider a range of stellar masses (0.33. M⋆/M⊙ . 0.36). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-internal-chemical-profiles-of-he-and-h-and-the-3k3giphs.png Figure 2. Internal chemical profiles of He and H and the Ledoux term B (upper panel) and the propagation diagram —the run of the logarithm of the squared critical frequencies (N2, L2 ℓ=1), lower panel— in terms of the outer mass fraction coordinate, corresponding to the pre-ELMWD template model of M⋆ = 0.3208M⊙ and Teff ∼ 31 300K marked in Fig. 1 with a black square. In the lower panel, tiny star symbols (in blue) correspond to the spatial location of the nodes of the radial eigenfunction of dipole (ℓ = 1) g and p modes. For squared frequencies in the range −2.5 & logσ2 & −4.5 the modes behave like mixed p − g modes. The (squared) frequency interval corresponding to the modes detected in BLAP stars (with periods between ∼ 1200 s and ∼ 2400 s) is enclosed with two horizontal dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-differential-work-dw-dr-and-the-running-work-12qhwkkx.png Figure 5. Differential work (dW /dr) and the running work integral (W ) in arbitrary units, in terms of the outer mass fraction coordinate (lower scale) and the logarithm of the temperature (upper scale) corresponding to the unstable g mode with ℓ = 1 and k = 33 (see Fig. 4), along with the Rosseland opacity profile (κ) and the logarithm of the thermal timescale (τth) of our 0.3419M⊙ pre-WD template model (Teff = 31100 K). The gray areas show the locations of two convection zones. Clearly visible is the Z bump in the opacity at logT ∼ 5.25, which is responsible for the driving of the mode, while the He++ bump (logT ∼ 4.6) has no destabilizing effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stellar-mass-in-solar-units-determinations-for-the-2417f7gs.png Table 1. Stellar mass (in solar units) determinations for the four stars with estimated atmospheric parameters (Pietrukowicz et al. 2017) (columns 2 and 3), considering two metallicities (columns 4 and 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-logteff-logg-diagram-showing-the-location-of-the-18fm5lun.png Figure 1. logTeff − logg diagram showing the location of the BLAP stars (shaded rectangle area), along with other classes of pulsating stars: ELMVs (red dots), pre-ELMVs (orange dots), pulsating sdBs (V361 Hya and V1093 Her; violet triangles) and δ Sct/SX Phe stars (green dots). Solid black lines correspond to low-mass He-core pre-WD evolutionary tracks computed neglecting element diffusion and Z = 0.01. Numbers correspond to the stellar mass of some sequences. We also include portions of evolutionary tracks corresponding to Z = 0.05 for some stellar masses. Blue star symbols indicate the location of four BLAP stars with measured atmospheric parameters: BLAP-001 (the prototype star), BLAP-009, BLAP-011, and BLAP-014 (see Table 1). The symbols on the evolutionary tracks of M⋆ = 0.3208 and Z = 0.01 (black square) and M⋆ = 0.3419 and Z = 0.05 (white square) indicate the location of two template models analyzed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-growth-rates-e-e-0-implies-instability-117a1xs0.png Figure 4. Normalized growth rates η (η > 0 implies instability) for ℓ = 0 (blue), ℓ = 1 (black), and ℓ = 2 (red) modes in terms of the pulsation periods for the 0.3419M⊙ pre-WD template model at Teff ∼ 31100K marked in Fig. 1 with a white square. The large numerical range spanned by η is appropriately scaled for a better graphical representation. Some specific modes —the most unstable ones for each considered ℓ value— are labeled. The unstable g mode with k = 33 is analyzed in Fig. 5. The vertical dashed lines enclose the period interval observed in BLAP stars. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-feasibility-of-time-estimation-under-isolation-4paqm5qwyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-series-of-the-observed-values-2qx3j3d9.png Figure 7. Series of the observed values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intersection-of-time-intervals-ic-t-and-if-t-ss36wate.png Figure 4. Intersection of time intervals IC(t) and IF (t) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-periodic-clock-synchronization-mndl7l0p.png Figure 1. Periodic clock synchronization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-irregular-clock-synchronization-8ub6oxov.png Figure 2. Irregular clock synchronization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-pcr-method-1veka40i.png Figure 9. The PCR method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-illustrates-setv-ariable-and-function-pcr-t-2b46qf2z.png Figure 9. The PCR method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-hardware-clock-function-h-t-the-cumulative-2kssut97.png Figure 3. The hardware clock function H(t), the cumulative drift δ(τ), and the hardware drift rate ρ(τ) at time τ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-dcr-method-2iwrvbcb.png Figure 5. The DCR method. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-globalization-of-the-poisson-sigma-model-in-the-bv-ds8iros0ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-illustration-of-the-different-cases-for-the-ieibrvze.png Figure 17. Illustration of the different cases for the collapsing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-a-higher-genus-worldsheet-with-one-1vozxnv9.png Figure 5. Example of a higher genus worldsheet with one connected boundary component and different polarization. Here F denotes either X or E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-possible-graphs-in-the-e-representation-gqw1pki3.png Figure 8. Possible graphs in the E-representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-feynman-graphs-and-rules-2t0hm5um.png Figure 4. Summary of Feynman graphs and rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-example-of-a-subgraph-collapsing-as-in-the-1ho9f2p5.png Figure 7. An example of a subgraph collapsing as in the description. We consider a term for k = 2 as before and we label them by u1 and u2. Here we have three outgoing arrows for the collapsing graph Γ′ on the right side corresponding to the index R1, three outgoing arrows on the left side corresponding to the index R1, three outgoing arrows to Γ′ corresponding to the index L and one incoming to Γ′ out of each of the two boundary points corresponding to the indices I1 and I2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-different-contributions-at-the-boundary-1h64l45p.png Figure 14. Different contributions at the boundary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-new-vertices-appearing-in-the-feynman-rules-2hmaweh2.png Figure 10. New vertices appearing in the Feynman rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-an-element-of-cs-m-2922b6u4.png Figure 19. An element of CS(M). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-infinite-horizon-performance-of-receding-horizon-2yk0ra8cz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-performance-for-running-cost-l-x-u-x2-u2-3ezn6i04.png Table 4.1: Performance for running cost l(x, u) = x2 + u2 https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-interplay-of-solvent-and-conformational-effects-in-4vn5vqpvu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-top-right-rdfs-of-the-atomic-distances-between-cu-2wcpct9h.png Fig. 3 (Left, top), (Right) RDFs of the atomic distances between Cu and the acetonitrile molecules sampled from the QM/MM ensemble of [Cu(dmphen)2]+ in the ground state at 300 K and from the S1 QM/MM trajectories after structural relaxation of the solute. The inset shows the density plot of the joint probability distribution of flattening angles Θ and Cu-N distances of solvent molecules in the first solvation shell of the complex in the S1 state, together with the mean |90◦−Θ| for a given r(Cu−N) (white curve). The conditional distribution of Θ angles shows a shift to larger values for r(Cu−N)< 4.75 Å. (Left, Bottom) Time evolution of the Cu-N cumulative coordination number at r(Cu−N) = 4.75 Å (indicated by the dashed vertical line in the top panel). The red curve represents a fit with a monoexponential function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cu-i-bis-phenanthroline-complexes-undergo-a-flattening-2cgggc5l.png Fig. 1 Cu(I) bis-phenanthroline complexes undergo a flattening of the ligands when photoexcited. This photoinduced structural change is represented schematically for the prototypical compound investigated in the present work: [Cu(dmphen)2]+ (dmphen=2,9-dimethyl1,10-phenanthroline). In the ground state (S0) the ligands are nearly perpendicular to each other, while in the lowest singlet MLCT excited state (S1) the molecule is flattened, as illustrated by the reduction in the angle Θ between the normals to the N1-Cu-N1′ and N2-Cu-N2′ planes (blue and red vectors). Color code for the atoms: Cu=pink, N=blue, C=grey, H=white. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-evolution-of-the-deviation-from-90-of-the-2t8ow5us.png Fig. 4 Time evolution of the deviation from 90◦ of the flattening angle Θ averaged over the nonequilibrium S1 trajectories collected in vacuum (black curve), together with a monoexponential fit to it (green curve) and the biexponential fit (red curve) to the average from the S1 trajectories in acetonitrile already shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-polar-distributions-of-the-hccn-methyl-dihedral-angles-2o06n99d.png Fig. 5 Polar distributions of the HCCN methyl dihedral angles (Γ) in [Cu(dmphen)2]+ obtained from the S1 QM/MM (red) and gas-phase (green) trajectories. The lines represent the average of the distributions considering only the peaks at lower angles (the black line is the average of the ground-state distribution shown in Figure S8 of the ESI). The distributions sample Γ angles of only the ensemble of molecules with the ligands rotated clockwise with respect to the perpendicular geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-minimum-energy-path-mep-from-the-perpendicular-to-12p3r0yr.png Fig. 6 (Left) Minimum energy path (MEP) from the perpendicular to the flattened geometry of [Cu(dmphen)2]+ in the S1 excited state computed in vacuum using the NEB method. Image n= 0 is the saddle point on the vacuum S1 PES found at the perpendicular configuration of the ligands. (Right) Deviation from 90◦ of the interligand angle Θ (top) and average of the HCCN methyl dihedral angles (bottom) along the MEP. The reaction coordinate is given as a cumulative displacement of the atoms with respect to the perpendicular structure (∆Rn = ∑ni=1 √ ∑3Nj=1 (qij−q i−1 j ) 2, for images n > 0, where N is the total number of atoms in the complex and q j are the atomic cartesian coordinates). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-deviation-from-90-of-the-flattening-30ubs9op.png Fig. 7 Evolution of the deviation from 90◦ of the flattening angle (top) and average of the HCCN methyl rotational dihedral angles (bottom) along a single trajectory propagated in vacuum in the S1 state starting from the gas-phase optimized geometry of [Cu(dmphen)2]+ in the ground state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-plot-of-the-evolution-of-the-distribution-of-drkb9nf7.png Fig. 2 Density plot of the evolution of the distribution of angles Θ (see Figure 1) obtained from the nonequilibrium QM/MM trajectories of [Cu(dmphen)2]+ in the S1 state in acetonitrile. The bins for the sampling are 50 fs by 1.5 deg. The ligands rotate clockwise or anticlockwise. The black curve is the instantaneous average of |90◦−Θ|, while the dotted and continuous white curves are monoexponential and biexponential fits, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-large-scale-structure-and-spectral-dynamics-of-two-29flas63fb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-simulations-of-forced-turbulence-in-a-2cipb09n.png FIG. 5. Results of simulations of forced turbulence in a channel domain with aspect ratio =4: typical vorticity snapshots for Re 1800, 3800, 10 000, and 20 000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-snapshots-of-the-tracer-field-for-sc-2-and-re-10-000-3mu1ood0.png FIG. 14. Snapshots of the tracer field for Sc=2 and Re 10 000 in the time regime when dispersion is proportional to t3. The tracer is being injected at a constant rate at the upper wall. The velocity profile v x is given for the cross sections y=0.9 in a , y=0.8 in b , and y=0.7 in c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-tracer-variance-measured-in-the-wall-normal-3j4gns80.png FIG. 13. The tracer variance measured in the wall-normal direction for Sc =2 and Re 10 000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-stream-function-of-the-gravest-symmetric-and-n5zgxg3o.png FIG. 6. The stream function of the gravest symmetric and antisymmetric solutions to the Stokes equation on a periodic-channel domain with =2 for k=0 a and d , k= /2 b and e , and k= c and f . White and gray areas denote positive and negative values of the stream function, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-snapshot-of-the-stream-function-is-decomposed-into-14e6cz5n.png FIG. 7. A snapshot of the stream function is decomposed into the lowest k wave numbers for aspect ratios =1 a – c and =2 d – f for simulations 1A1 and 1A2. The cross section of the stream function drawn is compared to the profile of the gravest Stokes modes dashed . This profile is constructed from the gravest even and odd Stokes mode for given k. The amplitude of the stream-function components is 0.39 a , 0.11 b , and 0.04 c for =1 and 0.49 d , 0.32 e , and 0.08 f for =2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-schematic-representation-of-the-dispersion-tracer-3n6u3rdv.png FIG. 11. Schematic representation of the dispersion tracer material gray by the domain-sized recirculation cells, where the tracer material is being injected at the upper and lower walls. The sign of the circulation of the cells is denoted by the plus and minus signs, while the arrows give the rotation direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-values-of-vorticity-black-and-vorticity-production-y-35zlekhd.png FIG. 12. Values of vorticity black and vorticity production − / y gray along the wall y=−1 for Re=10 000. The corresponding vorticity field is given in Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-dispersion-of-a-passive-tracer-for-different-2xud9tgq.png FIG. 10. The dispersion of a passive tracer for different Schmidt numbers, with the tracer injected at both the upper and lower walls at a constant rate. The absolute value of the concentration of the tracer material is represented by the gray-scale coloring. In the upper panel, a snapshot of the vorticity at the same time is given. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-linkage-between-fdi-and-trade-evidence-from-vietnam-4y4ym3czxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-result-of-estimation-on-fdi-1y9fc3ks.png Table 5.2: Result of estimation on FDI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-ten-fdi-countries-updated-to-31-december-2007-in-ie0fy57v.png Table 1: Top ten FDI Countries updated to 31 December 2007 (in millions USD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vietnams-main-exports-and-imports-by-commodity-in-tc3ucou7.png Table 2: Vietnam’s main exports and imports by commodity in 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fdi-in-vietnam-1990-2007-2fvtun3v.png Figure 1: FDI in Vietnam, 1990-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vietnams-external-trade-development-b60steq3.png Figure 2: Vietnam’s external trade development https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-estimation-on-exports-1s4bmo0f.png Table 4: Results of estimation on Exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-estimation-on-trade-28xsci7k.png Table 3: Results of estimation on Trade https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-result-of-estimation-on-import-2tvqdyt7.png Table 5.1: Result of estimation on Import https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-longitudinal-optimal-perturbations-to-inviscid-plane-3tflxpgpc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-different-trajectories-30vf9qpd.png FIGURE 1. Schematic representation of different trajectories in phase space P and the codimension-1 subspace S⊥ of the ūo such that Re{〈ūo, Svo〉} = 0, i.e. such that ūo and Svo are orthogonal in the two-dimensional Euclidean inner product. The trajectory passing through the initial condition uo in (2.10) intersects S⊥ at t =−t̄o, at the point ūo of (2.11). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-optimal-cross-stream-velocity-vopt-for-the-1bzl240s.png FIGURE 11. (a) Optimal cross-stream velocity vopt for the arcttanh profile U(y) = arctan(tanh y/ √ 2)/ √ 2 (solid grey lines) and for the tanh profile U(y) = tanh(y) (dashed black lines) for different spanwise wavenumbers kz. The values of the spanwise wavenumber kz are kz = 0.4π, 0.8π, 1.2π, 1.6π and 2π, increasing as the maximum value of vopt increases, as hinted by the arrow. The different vopt for the tanh profile are normalized so that their integral ∫ vopt dy is the same for the different kz. For each kz, the vopt for the arcttanh profile are normalized by the maximum value of the tanh profile vopt for the corresponding kz. (b) Optimal gain for the arcttanh (solid black line) and for the tanh profile (©) for T = 7 as a function of kz. The insets show close-ups for kz = 0.4π, 2π and 6π. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-initial-and-final-cross-stream-velocity-vopt-of-the-3jv725fm.png FIGURE 9. Initial and final cross-stream velocity vopt of the optimal perturbation to a tanh profile for T = 7 and kz = 4π, whose instantaneous growth rates are shown in figure 8. The initial fields vopt(t = 0) are normalized so that their maximum value is 1. The final fields have been multiplied by the inverse of the viscous decay factor implied by (5.1), i.e. the lines labelled as t = 7 for the different Re correspond to vopt(T) exp(Re−1k2z T). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-viscous-optimal-perturbations-for-plane-poiseuille-163evq0n.png FIGURE 10. Viscous optimal perturbations for plane Poiseuille flow. (a) Optimal gain as a function of kz for T = 0.1 (as in figure 2). The ©, and symbols correspond to the viscous case (numerically computed with the code used in Jerome, Chomaz & Huerre 2012) at Reynolds numbers as specified in the figure. The solid symbols correspond to the Gopt and kz of the vopt shown in (b). The continuous black line shows the inviscid result obtained from the exact solution (2.22) and (3.11). The dashed grey lines correspond, for each Re, to the approximation of the viscous optimal gain obtained from (5.2) with the inviscid optimal gain as Ginv. (b) vopt(t = 0) for kz = 11.5574 (highlighted with the solid symbols in a) for Re = 103 (dotted line), Re = 104 (dash-dotted line), Re = 105 (dashed line) and the inviscid case (continuous line). The inset shows the different vopt close to the wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-optimal-wall-normal-velocity-vopt-for-poiseuille-1nn9a5i9.png FIGURE 4. (a) Optimal wall-normal velocity vopt for Poiseuille flow and different spanwise wavenumber kz. As hinted by the arrow, the optimal perturbations become increasingly localized close to the wall as kz increases; vopt is symmetric about zero and normalized so that max(vopt) = 1. (b) Algebraic growth coefficient τ−1opt as a function of kz. The black continuous line shows the result obtained from (3.13) for n = 1. The O and M symbols in (a,b) correspond to the fields shown in figures 2 and 3. The remaining (©) symbols in (b) indicate the (kz, τ−1opt ) values corresponding to the remaining vopt shown in (a). The kz values of the curves in (a) and symbols in (b) are kz = 0.65525, 1.086, 1.6433, 2.5685, 4.1116, 6.7614, 11.5574, 20.5491, 29.24, 37.7881 and 46.2499; which correspond respectively to α = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40. The grey lines in (b) show the asymptotic estimate of τ−1opt obtained from (4.12) (solid grey line) and from (4.13) evaluated up to order δ4/3 (dashed grey line). The latter asymptotic estimate is extremely precise even at small kz, and the corresponding dashed line is barely visible behind the exact result shown by the solid black line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-continuous-black-lines-show-the-vopt-of-figure-h5t9ggvy.png FIGURE 7. The continuous black lines show the vopt of figure 4(a) for kz = 11.5574 (M) and larger. The dashed grey lines show the vopt approximation obtained from the Airy function solution of (4.10) with τopt = τ1 from (4.12) with So = 2, S′o = 2 and each of the corresponding kz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-online-spatial-structure-of-the-optimal-21i6325g.png FIGURE 3. (Colour online) Spatial structure of the optimal perturbation to Poiseuille flow for T = 10 and for (a) kz = 2.5685 and (b) kz = 11.5574. The arrows represent the (vopt ,wopt) field in the (y, z) plane and the black (grey) lines show positive (negative) contour levels of uopt(t = T = 10). The black (grey) contour lines are in intervals of 4(−4) starting from|uopt | = 2, the fields being normalized so that max(vopt)= 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-instantaneous-growth-rate-s-t-of-the-optimal-1j6ss746.png FIGURE 8. Instantaneous growth rate σ(t) of the optimal perturbation to a tanh profile for T = 7 and kz = 4π, computed with the direct–adjoint method described in Arratia et al. (2013). Thick lines show σ(t) in the inviscid (continuous black line), Re = 105 (dashed light-grey line), Re= 104 (dash-dotted dark-grey line), and Re= 103 (dotted black line) cases. The difference between the viscous growth rates and the inviscid one, σinv − σν , is shown by the corresponding thin lines: Re = 105 (dashed light-grey line), Re = 104 (dash-dotted dark-grey line), and Re = 103 (dotted black line); the value of Re−1k2z corresponding to the same difference as predicted by (5.1) is shown by the symbols © (Re = 105), (Re = 104) and (Re= 103). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-lorentz-local-electric-field-in-soft-matter-systems-59nmrd5mhb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-experimental-data-symbols-and-theoretical-fitting-1jempwgk.png Figure 3. (a) Experimental data (symbols) and theoretical fitting (lines) of the LLF EL at the center P between the two metallic spheres as a function of the rotating speed of one sphere for different applied dc electric fields E0. The experimental data of E0 ) 30 V/mm is used to extract the relaxation times τ [as depicted in part b], and the other two solid lines for E0 ) 20 V/mm and E0 ) 40 V/mm are corresponding theoretical results by using the obtained relaxation times. (b) Relaxation times τ’s extracted from the experimental data of E0 ) 30 V/mm in a by comparing with our theory. The logarithmic scale of τ versus rotating speeds is displayed in the inset, which approximately displays a powerlaw relation. The straight line in the inset is a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-graph-showing-the-three-positions-p-p-and-d0f5rrm8.png Figure 2. Schematic graph showing the three positions P, P′, and Ps′ (indicated by three solid circles) and their corresponding local electric fields EL, EL′′ , and EL′. Such notations have been used in eq 2. The sphere on the right is rotating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-diagram-of-the-sample-cell-the-cell-has-5xjlw1x8.png Figure 1. Sketch diagram of the sample cell. The cell has dimensions of 25.258 mm, 25 mm, and 25 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, and it is filled with 50 cSt silicone oil. The LN crystal has dimensions of 1 mm, 15 mm, and 30 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The brass sphere on the right is connected with a motor, which causes it to rotate at angular velocity ω ) ωŶ. For convenience, the velocity ω will be equivalently replaced with rotations per minute, as displayed in Figure 3. Other details can be found in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-marriage-of-lp-norms-and-edit-distance-28dz2ew41w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meanings-of-symbols-used-3u8yc2j0.png Figure 1: Meanings of Symbols Used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lower-bounding-vs-the-triangle-inequality-pruning-34f7wpdl.png Figure 8: Lower Bounding vs the Triangle Inequality: Pruning Power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-total-time-comparisons-24-benchmark-data-sets-t74bn7gu.png Figure 10: Total Time comparisons: 24 Benchmark Data Sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lower-bounding-together-with-the-triangle-37r0xumd.png Figure 9: Lower Bounding Together with the Triangle Inequality: Pruning Power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-algorithm-for-applying-dlberp-1h9mdmg1.png Figure 6: Algorithm for Applying DLBerp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-algorithm-for-applying-first-dlberp-followed-by-the-2c02orwm.png Figure 7: Algorithm for Applying first DLBerp followed by the Triangle Inequality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparing-the-distance-functions-cqguoe6t.png Figure 2: Comparing the Distance Functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-total-time-comparisons-large-data-sets-23a1tyt8.png Figure 11: Total Time Comparisons: Large Data Sets https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-non-parallel-instability-of-the-rotating-sphere-52ai31cjzb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-iso-contours-of-the-outer-stream-function-pso-11j17x1k.png Figure 5: Iso-contours of the outer stream-function ΨO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-boundary-layer-velocity-profiles-from-the-numerical-3g7hgefj.png Figure 6: Boundary-layer velocity profiles from the numerical solution of (2.10)-(2.12) for θ = 0◦, 15◦, 30◦, 45◦, 60◦, 75◦, 80◦, 85◦ according to the arrows’ direction. The profiles at θ = 0◦ and θ = 85◦ are marked by thick lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-physical-eigenfunctions-at-th-50-a-type-i-v-e-50-lw62iwqf.png Figure 19: Physical eigenfunctions at θ = 50◦. (a) Type I |v̄(η, 50)| for (Re, n̄, c) = (600, 30, 1), (b) Type II |v̄(η, 50)| for (Re, n̄, c) = (100, 4, 1). (Each is normalised by max |v̄(θ, η)| at the particular (Re, n̄, c).) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-the-type-i-azimuthal-perturbation-velocity-field-eyldjbyl.png Figure 20: The Type I azimuthal perturbation velocity field for (Re, n̄, c) = (600, 30, 1). (a) Parallel eigenfunction, |v̄(θ, η)|, (b) Non-parallel eigenfunction, |v̂(θ, η)|. (Each figure is normalised independently by its maximum value.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-the-type-ii-azimuthal-perturbation-velocity-field-1m4wagem.png Figure 21: The Type II azimuthal perturbation velocity field for (Re, n̄, c) = (100, 4, 1). (a) Parallel eigenfunction, |v̄(θ, η)|, (b) Non-parallel eigenfunction, |v̂(θ, η)|. (Each figure is normalised independently by its maximum value.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-the-neutral-curve-for-the-stationary-3h16o5s3.png Figure 14: Comparison of the neutral curve for the stationary Type I mode (solid line with squares) in the Res–n̄ plane with the experimental data of Kohama & Kobayashi (1983) for D = 250 mm (dotted line with circles). Crosses denote the mode number with the maximum amplification at each Re. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparisons-of-the-neutral-curve-for-the-9nqtx5qb.png Figure 15: Comparisons of the neutral curve for the stationary Type I mode (solid line with squares) in the Res–θ plane with experimental data of Kohama & Kobayashi (1983) D = 70 mm (dotted line with crosses); D = 150 mm (dotted line with triangles); D = 250 mm (dotted line with circles); and Sawatzki (1970), D = 240 mm (dotted line with diamonds). Isolated crosses denote the latitude at the onset of the most amplified mode at each Re. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-critical-re-and-associated-mode-number-for-the-3ntn5vkm.png Table 1: The critical Re and associated mode number for the onset of travelling disturbances at various c. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-origins-of-risk-taking-in-financial-markets-1b05zipfu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-xtmj9m0c.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-possibility-of-practically-obfuscating-programs-4hmt2smql9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-code-after-obfuscation-2uei9e1q.png Figure 4: Code after obfuscation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-code-before-obfuscation-czlasb8u.png Figure 3: Code before obfuscation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-code-representation-2il9jhkq.png Figure 2: Sample code representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-graph-representation-of-a-program-2efwqnoi.png Figure 1: Example of a graph representation of a program https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-potential-of-full-duplex-communication-in-5g-small-1rf51x591b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-assumptions-1lo1carb.png TABLE I SIMULATION ASSUMPTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-5g-frame-structure-proposed-in-6-for-half-duplex-5jsqxf5i.png Fig. 1. The 5G Frame Structure proposed in [6] for half duplex TDD mode with support for accurate interference covariance matrix estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-absolute-tp-with-fdc-and-the-gain-over-half-duplex-kdd6v4su.png TABLE II ABSOLUTE TP WITH FDC AND THE GAIN OVER HALF DUPLEX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cdf-of-the-achievable-tp-per-cell-with-5-db-wall-loss-33qryw8a.png Fig. 4. CDF of the achievable TP per cell with 5 dB wall loss for different receiver types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-per-cell-tp-gain-of-fdc-over-half-duplex-vs-wall-loss-2qjgntjw.png Fig. 5. Per cell TP gain of FDC over half duplex vs. wall loss (dB) for difference receiver types, rank = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cdf-of-the-achievable-tp-per-cell-with-0-5-db-wall-2d3mtpl3.png Fig. 3. CDF of the achievable TP per cell with 0.5 dB wall loss for different receiver types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-considered-full-duplex-system-2bejvu7o.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the considered Full Duplex System Model. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-problem-of-scheduling-parallel-computations-of-4fb4n10cdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-difficulty-of-spanning-tree-problems-5wj8awr8.png Fig. 4 Relative difficulty of spanning tree problems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-second-iteration-vertex-discussion-3ulyavd6.png Figure 7 Second Iteration Vertex Discussion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-construction-of-g-jj587akr.png Fig. 3 Construction of G https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-initial-scbst-of-g-b-the-resulting-tree-after-1t614n7u.png Figure 5 (a) Initial SCBST of G (b) the resulting tree after first iteration of vertex discussion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-cut-graph-b-the-final-spanning-tree-by-algorithm-i-192qe1bc.png Fig. 6 (a) Cut Graph (b) The Final Spanning Tree by Algorithm I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-graph-g-v-e-and-b-an-scbst-of-g-2ms71bqn.png Fig. 2 (a) A Graph G(V,E) and (b) An SCBST of G https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cpu-time-vertices-center-l-b-w-e-fc-1000-5-45-0-3196-3mllshex.png Table 3 CPU-time # vertices Center l( )B w e( )∑ fc 1000 5 45.0 3196.0 3641 0.2 2000 4 51.0 6289.0 6340 1.7 3000 1 53.0 9042.0 9095 4.8 4000 3 56.0 11245.0 11301 9.9 https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-relation-between-anisotropic-diffusion-and-iterated-1cwlvhf8lg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-results-part-two-row-wise-from-left-to-s98q63pt.png Fig. 2. Experimental results part two, row-wise from left to right: The peppers image with heavy noise (σ = 25), the result from Portillas method, the result of the proposed method, and the standard deviation of the PSNRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-results-for-the-proposed-method-and-1p6i1u45.png Fig. 1. Experimental results for the proposed method and Portillas method for four different images. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-relation-between-mindfulness-and-depressive-symptoms-5cee3htqz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-pearson-correlation-1njpblwh.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients of the mindfulness (KIMS) and rumination (RRS) scales and depressive symptomatology (QIDS) https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-relation-between-possibilistic-logic-and-modal-logics-50jst768oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-square-of-opposition-3643ol6c.png Figure 1: Square of opposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-square-of-opposition-induced-by-a-relation-r-and-a-13j52hss.png Figure 2: Square of opposition induced by a relation R and a subset S https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-relationship-between-input-sparsity-and-noise-4vllku7ux6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-noise-robustness-of-two-boxes-stimuli-blue-line-s4e83dar.png Figure 5. Noise robustness of two boxes stimuli. Blue line shows distance between noised input vectors and reference input vector without noise. Orange line shows the distance between output of trained Spatial Pooler of noised input and output of reference input. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relation-between-the-input-and-output-overlap-for-bxgp8553.png Figure 7. Relation between the input and output overlap for the input with noise by a given percentage of non-zero bits in the input vector. Results are shown for SP with enabled learning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relation-between-the-input-and-output-overlap-for-2g8mgooa.png Figure 6. Relation between the input and output overlap for the input with noise by a given percentage of non-zero bits in the input vector. Results are shown for SP with disabled learning, also known as inference mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-digits-7-and-8-28x28-pixels-obtained-from-the-mnist-2chfcbfm.png Figure 1. Digits "7" and "8", 28x28 pixels obtained from the MNIST database. These images were originally used to measure noise robustness of trained and untrained Spatial Pooler. Image 8 and image 7 have sparseness of 17% and 6% respectively. Sparseness is defined as a fraction of non-zeros in the total number of bits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sparse-representation-of-box1-image-pairs-on-left-3raslhfg.png Figure 4. Sparse representation of Box1 (image pairs on left) and Box2 (image pairs on right) together with the noised inputs. Each image represents the input vector with specific noise percentage (left side of each pair) and their sparse representation of active columns (right side of the pair). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-boxes-1024x1024-pixels-in-yellow-with-different-1np8n230.png Figure 3. Two boxes 1024x1024 pixels (in yellow) with different sparsity (0.24 on the left and 0.11 on the right) have been used for training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-blue-line-shows-the-calculated-distances-2wpzuw9z.png Figure 2. The blue line shows the calculated distances between input and noised input after adding noise. Orange lines show the distances between active columns encoded by SP for the reference input (without noise) and the output columns encoded by SP for a given noised input vector. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-role-of-complexity-for-guiding-enterprise-11g9d8xb0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-factor-inexplicable-results-3gj2igh8.png Table 7. Factor: Inexplicable results https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-principle-b-consistent-ontology-jjzlwlx4.png Table 10. Principle B: Consistent ontology https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factor-ability-to-obtain-measures-18kchegj.png Table 4. Factor: Ability to obtain measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factor-inconsistent-presentation-2f1b6lfv.png Table 5. Factor: Inconsistent presentation https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-principle-c-visualization-391j07aq.png Table 11. Principle C: Visualization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-meta-model-of-aier-et-al-2011-32hzs9n9.png Figure 1. Principle meta-model of Aier et al. (2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mapping-the-design-principles-to-the-addressed-2e48ef80.png Table 8. Mapping the design principles to the addressed problem factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-principle-d-awareness-and-support-2y3vcbzg.png Table 12. Principle D: Awareness and support https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-role-of-particles-distribution-on-damage-and-fatigue-4nh1zlczzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observations-performed-during-x-ray-in-situ-tensile-2zarjkd5.png Figure 1: Observations performed during X-Ray in-situ tensile tests. a) 2D view of a cut of the specimen just before fracture and b) 3D reconstruction using ImageJ® https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-14adpy94.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematics-of-a-representative-elementary-volume-r-2hzsfq33.png Figure 2: Schematics of a Representative Elementary Volume (R.E.V.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-elements-exceeding-the-papadopoulos-limit-can-be-w4ie8qn5.png Figure 6: elements exceeding the Papadopoulos limit can be deleted from the mesh to model fracture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-experimental-and-numerical-24z29fmv.png Figure 7: comparison of experimental and numerical anisotropic fatigue limits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-different-particles-distribution-generated-on-2ozqa7oi.png Figure 4: Two different particles distribution generated on the basis of microstructural observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mesh-refinement-at-inclusions-matrix-interfaces-jov4qsaz.png Figure 5: Mesh refinement at inclusions-matrix interfaces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-threshold-domain-for-the-papadopoulos-criterion-1ofec3nr.png Figure 3: Threshold domain for the Papadopoulos criterion https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-relevance-of-a-testing-algorithm-for-the-detection-of-rz117d4435 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ros1-fusion-protein-detection-by-ihc-in-a-panel-of-nc8yvcwb.png Table 1 ROS1 fusion protein detection by IHC in a panel of lung adenocarcinoma FFPE samples with mutated or rearranged protein kinase genes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-detection-of-ros1-gene-rearrangements-in-triple-2jduxz0h.png Fig. 1. Detection of ROS1 gene rearrangements in triple negative lung adenocarcinoma cases by FISH. Non-rearranged ROS1 (A) shows fusion (orange signals) or very close apposition of the probes close to the 3′ and the 5′ ends of the gene. A, B, C and E: tumor nuclei hybridized with the ZytoLight® SPEC ROS1 dual color beak-apart probe (ZytoVision). Rearranged ROS1 is indicated by split 3′ (green) and 5′ (red) signals (B) or isolated 3′ (green) signals (C) or various single 3′ and split signals (E). D: tumor nuclei hybridized with the Aquarius® ROS1 dual color beak-apart probe (Cytocell). Rearranged ROS1 appears here as isolated red (3′) signals. Original magnification 630×. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-between-ros1-rearrangement-and-2t9wb91e.png Table 4 Correlation between ROS1-rearrangement and histological data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-ros1-rearrangement-and-clinical-1clrfxle.png Table 3 Correlation between ROS1-rearrangement and clinical data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-ros1-fish-and-ihc-results-ytpopmua.png Table 2 Correlation between ROS1 FISH and IHC results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-histologic-features-and-expression-of-1anb8h36.png Fig. 2. Representative histologic features and expression of the ROS1 protein in ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas. Non-specific ROS1 positivity was sometimes o ells (B, ROS1 IHC 400×). ROS1 IHC was positive in all these tumors, with a moderate to s a membrane reinforcement (C, ROS1 IHC 200×). One case showed vesicular paranuclear d solid cribriform and acinar pattern (E, HES 100×), and two of them by a micropapillary p lcifications in 3 cases (H, HES 100×). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-role-of-thermal-boundary-conditions-in-typical-1uc4jk72fp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-four-snapshots-of-the-temperature-iso-lines-evenly-hspoxv12.png Figure 10: Four snapshots of the temperature iso-lines evenly distributed along the period. Bi =0.263, Tcold = 60 °C, =40, Raeff=4.47x106, Ra =8.7x107. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-first-row-four-snapshots-of-the-temperature-iso-txgz3quh.png Figure 9: First row: Four snapshots of the temperature iso-lines evenly distributed along one period oscillation (first row) and related velocity disturbances (second row). Bi=0.526, Tcold = 20 °C, =40, Ra =8.7x107, Raeff=1.54x106. Second row: related velocity disturbances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-summary-of-3d-numerical-simulations-for-the-3a7rtufj.png Table XI: Summary of 3D numerical simulations for the inclined configuration with temperature difference. The Nusselt number has been evaluated for all (hot and cold, front and back, top and bottom) boundaries where the solid is in contact with the liquid; positive and negative values indicate heat entering or leaving the liquid, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11a-tcold-40-degc-bi-0-0526-ra-4-9x107-fig-11b-tcold-40-1h916uym.png Fig. 11a: Tcold= 40 °C, Bi=0.0526, Ra=4.9x107 Fig. 11b: Tcold= 40 °C, Bi=0.526, Ra=4.9x107 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-four-snapshots-of-the-flow-field-evenly-2esd8vir.png Figure 12: Four snapshots of the flow field evenly distributed along the main period of oscillation for Tcold =60 °C, Bi=0.526, Ra=8.7x107. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-vector-plot-obtained-with-piv-technique-for-90-hot-3a1xgfdg.png Figure 15: Vector plot obtained with PIV technique for =90 (hot side on the left, cold side on the right) and horizontal velocity component along a line at x=0.02 m (half of the cavity length): a) Tcold = 20 C, b) Tcold = 40 C, c) Tcold = 60 C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tcfs-test-rig-with-the-60-x-60-x-60-mm-perspex-fc-1dqih14b.png Figure 2: TCFS Test Rig with the 60 x 60 x 60 mm Perspex FC. Note that the Peltier Brackets, Peltier Devices and associated wiring have been removed for clarity: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-snapshots-of-velocity-field-comparison-between-2d-3hi7xr0d.png Figure 18: Snapshots of velocity field: Comparison between 2D simulations, 3D simulations and experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-security-of-today-s-online-electronic-banking-systems-36wyu2kqcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internet-banking-structure-1sbswno7.png Fig. 1. Internet banking structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wap-banking-structure-1712m590.png Fig. 2. WAP banking structure. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-symmetry-of-the-linearized-boltzmann-equation-2bzilzhztz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-poiseuille-and-thermal-transpiration-flows-a-sketch-tizxoyti.png FIGURE 1. Poiseuille and thermal transpiration flows. (a) Sketch of the problems. (b) Geometry of the pipe cross-section. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-use-of-safety-certification-practices-in-autonomous-460ij2uiks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-systematic-map-illustrating-research-type-facets-c98gj1vd.png Fig. 3: Systematic map illustrating research type facets, contribution type facets, and software development practices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overview-of-the-publication-numbers-obtained-from-1by5392k.png Table 6: Overview of the publication numbers obtained from the literature search (per database, per data collection step, cf. Section 3.2 and 3.3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-papers-per-year-and-distribution-over-the-3rl35l3y.png Fig. 2: Number of papers per year and distribution over the research type facets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-exemplarily-selected-field-robots-developed-at-3dnlxsld.png Fig. 1: Exemplarily selected field robots developed at University of Southern Denmark in different research and collaboration projects [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-categories-to-capture-development-practices-used-in-1pzhk9re.png Table 4: Categories to capture development practices used in software development. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-categories-to-capture-standards-used-in-safety-2tedj9uw.png Table 5: Categories to capture standards used in safety-critical software development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heat-map-on-the-connection-of-standards-with-6xpsbz4p.png Fig. 4: Heat-map on the connection of standards with development practices. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-use-of-accelerated-test-methods-for-screening-high-200u8lql6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-test-temperature-and-fatigue-stress-3c44e8py.png Figure 4. Effects of test temperature and fatigue stress level on the development of matrix cracks of a graphite/bismaleimide composite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-internal-stress-on-the-measured-water-34afsut8.png Figure 3. Effects of internal stress on the measured water uptake of a graphite/thermoplastic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-matrix-for-long-term-aging-of-polymeric-3dgvwurs.png Table 1. Test matrix for long-term aging of polymeric composites performed under the NASA High Speed Research, Materials Durability program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-oxygen-content-on-the-measured-change-in-1yb7p4dg.png Figure 1. Effects of oxygen content on the measured change in weight and glass transition temperature of a graphite/thermoplastic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-temperature-during-isothermal-fatigue-on-3lm0zk9i.png Figure 2. Effects of temperature during isothermal fatigue on the residual weight, glass transition, and damage state of a graphite/bismaleimide composite. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-use-of-the-tree-structure-of-depth-levels-for-4pna6aqb7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classification-experiments-results-mean-classification-3lsoim8z.png Fig. 2. Classification experiments results: mean classification accuracies and standard errors (bars) depending on similarity cutoff radius (cf. equation (2)). Shown is the performance separately on low-, mixed-, and high-detail shape classes for the structural and structureless matching methods and for the resulting shape metrics according to equations (4) through (7), as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-range-images-from-our-evaluation-set-the-four-2sysardz.png Fig. 1. Example range images from our evaluation set; the four views of an object from each class. Object models taken from [17]. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-warm-inflow-at-the-eastern-boundary-of-the-weddell-37lpfaxhtc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-climatological-1968-2014-monthly-mean-modelled-stream-11qc5ch8.png Fig. 7. Climatological (1968–2014) monthly-mean modelled stream function for January (left) and May (right). The location of the cores is marked in yellow. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-circulation-of-the-weddell-gyre-black-dots-c41ddhlt.png Fig. 1. Schematic circulation of the Weddell Gyre. Black dots are stations along the eastern and Greenwich section from ANT XX/2 and black squares show stations from the WOCE A23 cruise. The light grey lines indicate oceanic fronts (after Orsi et al., 1995), which are labelled on the right hand side (SAF¼Subantarctic Front; PF¼Polarfront; SB¼Southern Boundary). (For interpretation of the references to colour in the text, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-t-s-diagram-including-all-bottle-data-from-ant-xx-2-8w3fh055.png Fig. 2. T–S diagram including all bottle data from ANT XX/2 with the colour shading gi border between ACC and WG waters. (For interpretation of the references to colour in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-three-month-mean-modelled-stream-function-covering-2j70sh4c.png Fig. 8. Three-month-mean modelled stream function covering November, December and January for selected years. Contours are given in 5 Sv-intervals. The location of the cores is marked in yellow. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-water-type-definitions-plus-the-according-1e9s5wyk.png Table 1 Source water type definitions plus the according weight used for the OMP analysis and the limits chosen for the Monte Carlo approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-left-f-h-contours-smoothed-by-a-running-mean-on-top-3svo79xl.png Fig. 10. Left: f/H-contours smoothed by a running mean on top of bathymetry (blue shading). Lines are removed over steep slopes for better visibility. Right: Depth of the 28.05 kg/m3 neutral density surface over bathymetry. Cores are marked in orange. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-climatological-temperature-field-from-the-cars-argo-8tzy0spy.png Fig. 9. Climatological temperature field from the CARS argo-only climatology at 300 m depth (a) and the associated standard deviation (b). For the latter values south of 60°S are not available. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cfc-12-dots-obtained-from-water-samples-during-ant-xx-1osds750.png Fig. 4. CFC-12 (dots) obtained from water samples during ANT XX/2. Grey lines give the neutral density. Surface values ( − >CFC 12 1 pmol/kg) have been excluded. https://scispace.com/papers/on-uw-based-transmission-for-mimo-multi-carriers-with-39qr39snjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-channel-estimation-performance-10amj6e5.png Fig. 9. Channel Estimation Performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-and-spectral-efficiency-of-the-systems-for-1wv10ftu.png Fig. 7. Energy and spectral efficiency of the systems for different number of Tx antennas I while T 70Hzc ≈ 2.56 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-equalization-and-detection-performance-of-mimo-uw-2gequzhv.png Fig. 10. Equalization and Detection Performance of MIMO UW-based systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-adaptive-filtering-of-the-estimated-cirs-for-b-b-37tc5f7m.png Fig. 4. Adaptive Filtering of the estimated CIRs for b ≤ B blocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-out-of-band-radiation-8balmw6e.png Fig. 8. Out of band radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-frame-structure-in-time-frequency-pmoou5qm.png Fig. 2. Example of the frame structure in time-frequency resource grid. Here, each resource element is associated to the bandwidth of one subcarrier and the duration of one time sample. Without loss of generality, the impact of guard band insertion has been neglected in this figure. As one may see, the UW-based frame design, saves the time-frequency resources of one OFDM symbol for transmission of 100 complex data over a 2× 2 MIMO channel. https://scispace.com/papers/on-wireless-network-coverage-in-bounded-areas-3i9hajeqi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-and-b-covering-a-2kmx-1km-area-with-discs-of-varying-5lyppm37.png Fig. 4: (a) and (b): covering a 2km× 1km area with discs of varying radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-types-of-rectangle-based-areas-we-are-going-to-1vwv5zf8.png Fig. 5: Two types of rectangle-based areas we are going to study, (a) rectangular band and (b) L-shape or rectangle-based art gallery shape https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-and-b-covering-an-1km-x-1km-area-with-discs-of-eyryb2ir.png Fig. 3: (a) and (b): covering an 1km × 1km area with discs of varying radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-and-b-covering-a-square-boundary-outer-square-width-1ekhdna7.png Fig. 6: (a) and (b): covering a square boundary (outer square width is 1km) with discs of varying radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-and-b-covering-an-l-shaped-area-one-side-is-1km-with-bcw4f2lr.png Fig. 7: (a) and (b): covering an L-shaped area (one side is 1km) with discs of varying radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boundary-areas-where-three-circles-intersect-2e5dptnn.png Fig. 1: Boundary areas where three circles intersect https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pattern-design-for-complicated-polygonal-areas-3jh7cefh.png Fig. 8: Pattern design for complicated polygonal areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-coverage-performance-in-real-networking-scenarios-2f50sw9p.png Fig. 9: Coverage Performance in Real Networking Scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/one-and-two-page-crossing-numbers-for-some-types-of-graphs-1xcc1iqqg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-cases-when-an-in-vertex-is-inserted-between-two-2cfxvt2x.png Figure 4: Two cases when an in-vertex is inserted between two adjacent b-vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-two-cases-in-a-outerplanar-drawing-for-halin-graph-qmxspm2l.png Figure 10: Two cases in a outerplanar drawing for Halin graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-in-vertices-are-inserted-between-two-adjacent-b-2x44p1sg.png Figure 5: Two in-vertices are inserted between two adjacent b-vertices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-path-on-the-hamilton-cycle-of-halin-graph-y1zpbeub.png Figure 9: A path on the Hamilton cycle of Halin graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-random-order-of-b-vertices-on-the-circle-for-p4-x-195jj34f.png Figure 6: A random order of b-vertices on the circle for P4 × P4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-circulant-graph-c2x4-1-1-4-and-its-optimal-two-4grk98mv.png Figure 13: Circulant graph C2×4+1(1, 4) and its optimal two-page drawing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-circulant-graph-c2x4-1-4-and-its-optimal-two-page-1imte5ab.png Figure 11: Circulant graph C2×4(1, 4) and its optimal two-page drawing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-circulant-graph-c2x5-1-5-and-its-optimal-two-page-bhd0c1vd.png Figure 12: Circulant graph C2×5(1, 5) and its optimal two-page drawing. https://scispace.com/papers/one-pot-catalytic-asymmetric-borylation-of-unsaturated-1qlnhvp8mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overall-isolated-yields-and-e-e-s-for-the-conversion-djsdzyxq.png Table 4 Overall isolated yields and e.e.s for the conversion of unsaturated aldehydes 1 to homoallylic boronates 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimisation-of-the-conditions-for-the-flash-column-2543sz9r.png Table 2 Optimisation of the conditions for the flash-column chromatography for the isolation of homoallylic boronate 3ai https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reaction-conditions-screened-for-the-hydrolysis-of-gbyyrayx.png Table 3 Reaction conditions screened for the hydrolysis of imine 5a and Wittig reaction to give 3aa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-conditions-screened-for-the-synthesis-of-kny47jds.png Table 1 Reaction conditions screened for the synthesis of compounds 7, as in Scheme 3a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-the-imine-formation-reaction-time-y4r6iw4a.png Table 6 Comparison of the imine formation reaction time between iPrOH and THF/MeOH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-enantioselective-synthesis-of-homoallylic-boronates-3n339lf3.png Table 5 Enantioselective synthesis of homoallylic boronates 3 from unsaturated aldehydes 1 in iPrOH. https://scispace.com/papers/one-step-facile-synthesis-of-a-novel-anthanthrone-dye-based-2jzjq038s2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-solar-cell-device-performance-with-dpa-ant-dpa-htms-33b0pq3t.png Table 2 Solar cell device performance with DPA-ANT-DPA HTMs. 269 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermal-optical-and-electrochemical-properties-of-yrlosbig.png Table 1 Thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of DPA-ANT-DPA. 163 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-comparison-among-promising-d-a-d-htms-436-wru6pfpk.png Table 3. The comparison among promising D-A-D HTMs. 436 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-energy-level-diagrams-b-cross-sectional-scanning-myg01mfw.png Fig. 2 (a) Energy level diagrams, (b) Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy image of 206 PSC of DPA-ANT-DPA. 207 https://scispace.com/papers/one-year-outcome-of-small-vessel-disease-treated-with-27wv1eq8lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-patient-and-procedural-characteristics-of-152sixql.png Table 1. Baseline Patient and Procedural Characteristics of the SmVD and NSmVD Groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mace-free-survival-curves-at-1-year-comparing-kd9r4qos.png Figure 3. MACE-free survival curves at 1 year comparing patients with SmVD and NSmVD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mace-free-survival-curves-at-1-year-comparing-1k1dx3rl.png Figure 6. MACE-free survival curves at 1 year comparing patients with mixed SmVD and NSmVD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-predictors-of-mace-at-1-year-in-the-2tcd2ur8.png Table 2. Multivariate Predictors of MACE at 1 Year in the SmVD Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-representation-of-definite-probable-stent-120dag4j.png Figure 1. Histogram representation of definite/probable stent thrombosis according to the ARC definitions comparing the small-vessel disease and non-small-vessel disease subsets of the e-SELECT registry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-major-adverse-clinical-events-at-1-year-2clat4p5.png Figure 2. Major adverse clinical events at 1 year. https://scispace.com/papers/online-adaptive-fuzzy-neural-identification-and-control-of-a-1v21ubb81d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-g-fnn-inverse-modelling-of-a-nonlinear-system-2nwjiqys.png Fig. 1. G-FNN inverse modelling of a nonlinear system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adaptive-fuzzy-neural-control-structure-2yxo3myy.png Fig. 2. Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Control Structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-norm-of-the-weight-vectors-w1-and-w2-for-afnc-dn1w1ccy.png Fig. 6. Norm of the Weight Vectors w1 and w2 for AFNC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-control-responses-for-the-2-link-manipulator-using-eqomjbd0.png Fig. 7. Control Responses for the 2-Link Manipulator using AFNC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-fuzzy-rules-generated-3m5ewncm.png Fig. 4. Number of Fuzzy Rules Generated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gaussian-fuzzy-membership-functions-w-r-t-input-353efr8k.png Fig. 5. Gaussian Fuzzy Membership Functions w.r.t Input Training Variable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-articulated-two-link-robot-manipulator-1oi1nwkl.png Fig. 3. Articulated Two-Link Robot Manipulator https://scispace.com/papers/online-conductivity-calibration-methods-for-eit-gas-oil-in-qjp2pdcnkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-correlation-between-water-cut-and-water-2sd0xwvy.png Figure 9. Correlation between water cut and water conductivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamic-response-of-conductivity-cell-lliho4ax.png Figure 5. Dynamic response of conductivity cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-assembly-of-the-conductivity-cell-in-the-flow-loop-2k1epn3h.png Figure 3. Assembly of the conductivity cell in the flow loop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-mutual-impedance-and-1ba3aa60.png Figure 4. Relationship between mutual impedance and conductivity in static setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-mutual-impedance-and-1mucsvln.png Figure 6. Relationship between mutual impedance and conductivity in dynamic setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conductivity-calibration-based-on-temperature-4krwgtx6.png Figure 1. Conductivity calibration based on temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-oil-droplets-segregate-on-the-internal-wall-of-the-3h6aiv92.png Figure 8. Oil droplets segregate on the internal wall of the cell chamber https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conductivity-change-of-air-oil-water-three-phase-2kj6yik0.png Table 1. Conductivity change of air-oil-water three-phase flow https://scispace.com/papers/online-spike-sorting-via-deep-contractive-autoencoder-3teng2h4py 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gap-statistic-results-our-model-with-a-gap-3ye7jjcl.png Figure 5: Gap statistic results. Our model with a Gap statistic determines the correct number of clusters automatically. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spike-sorting-accuracy-for-different-classifiers-as-1spqvpn8.png Figure 6: Spike sorting accuracy for different classifiers as a function of training dataset size. Our DCAE algorithms outperformed three different vanilla classifiers (Linear SVM, Naive Bayes and k-NN). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-stages-of-the-spike-sorting-algorithm-our-2hp5r1x1.png Figure 1: Different stages of the spike-sorting algorithm. Our end-to-end method consists of three main components: First, a contractive autoencoder which consists of two hidden layers for both the encoder and decoder layers of our neural network. A dropout layer immediately follows each hidden layer in order to prevent overfitting. The output of the latent space representation produced by the autoencoder (blue nodes) is fed into a K-means clustering algorithm to label the embedded samples in an unsupervised manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dcae-with-additive-noise-a-example-waveform-we-1jhxlrdj.png Figure 2 - DCAE with additive noise. (a) Example waveform. We increased the amount of additive noise injected into this waveform (light to dark blue). (b) Latent space representation of the example waveform. The latent space representation was near identical for all noise conditions (light to dark blue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-synthetic-electrophysiology-recordings-16so7oke.png Table 1:Statistics of Synthetic Electrophysiology Recordings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spike-sorting-accuracy-as-a-function-of-training-zl0mwu9i.png Figure 3: Spike sorting accuracy as a function of training size. Our proposed algorithm produced much higher accuracy scores than the other alternative we tested. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-accuracy-metrics-for-the-algorithms-we-3ovif4z2.png Table 2: Summary of accuracy metrics for the algorithms we tested on different datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sorter-accuracy-results-on-different-levels-of-2gidcl94.png Figure 4: Sorter accuracy results on different levels of noise. To show our model’s robustness to noise, different levels of noise were applied to 20% of the training data. https://scispace.com/papers/online-identification-of-the-rotor-time-constant-of-an-4qwy0pybxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-k2-1-tr-and-k2ref-vs-time-in-sec-3dsw59hw.png Fig. 4. K2 = 1/TR and K2ref vs. time in sec https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-k1-rs-and-k1ref-vs-time-in-sec-17toab4b.png Fig. 3. K1 = RS and K1ref vs. time in sec https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-process-19146yct.png Fig. 1. Main process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reactive-power-q-in-w-vs-time-in-sec-3fp73mml.png Fig. 6. Reactive power Q in W vs. time in sec https://scispace.com/papers/ontogenetic-changes-in-the-feeding-functional-response-of-2tnu3m4hk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-feeding-functional-responses-of-2nxdkgcl.png Table 1. Parameters of the feeding functional responses of Paracartia grani on Rhodomonas salina. Maximum clearance rates (Fmax), maximum ingestion rates (Imax), half-saturation constants (Km), and prey concentrations at which 90% of the maximum ingestion rates were reached (C90) are shown for the different copepod stages and sizes (N = nauplii, C = copepodites, Ad = adults). Means ± SE are provided. https://scispace.com/papers/ontogeny-of-the-morphology-performance-axis-in-an-amphibious-55qg595tta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-95-confidence-intervals-based-on-differences-between-220xuc39.png Table 2: 95% Confidence intervals based on differences between bootstrapped P estimates between young and mature, mature and 716 old, and young and old individuals. 717 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-dependent-partial-phenotypic-p-correlation-3lsvhm9f.png Table 1: Age-dependent partial phenotypic (P) correlation matrices for: young (top), mature (middle), and old (bottom) age groups 714 Young EPL EPA PHPL PHPA HYPL HYPW SL Jumping https://scispace.com/papers/ontology-based-interlingua-translation-5cat3dcx7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-portion-of-the-ontology-concerning-descriptions-1ezoo2jq.png Fig. 4. The portion of the ontology concerning descriptions (with some example instances, depicted as boxes) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-use-of-relations-to-represent-the-features-of-pspssea-1tudybje.png Fig. 5. Use of relations to represent the features of ££sea-status-situation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-lexical-elements-of-the-ccg-for-lis-2ymjievx.png Table 1. Three lexical elements of the CCG for LIS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-realization-derivation-of-the-lis-phrase-mese-1uec32up.png Fig. 9. The realization/derivation of the LIS phrase MESE GIORNO ULTIMO by using the lexicon in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-dependency-analysis-of-ultimo-giorno-del-mese-last-2ik59sa2.png Fig. 6. The dependency analysis of ultimo giorno del mese (last day of the month) enriched with lexical meaning (in bold face) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-syntactic-structure-of-the-sentence-locali-301snazc.png Fig. 1. Syntactic structure of the sentence “Locali addensamenti potranno interessare il settore nord-orientale” (Local cloudiness could concern the north-eastern sector) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-top-level-of-the-weather-forecasts-ontology-dashed-1oh0y50u.png Fig. 2. The top level of the weather forecasts ontology. Dashed triangles represent regions of the hierarchy that are illustrated separately in Figure 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-resulting-ontological-restriction-produced-by-the-25k31qht.png Fig. 8. The resulting ontological restriction produced by the semantic interpreter on the dependency tree in Figure 6 https://scispace.com/papers/open-kitchens-customers-influence-on-chefs-working-practices-1sa6y32u8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chef-s-profile-3l9bfebv.png Table 1: Chef's Profile https://scispace.com/papers/open-access-silicon-photonics-platforms-in-europe-1obvunsj2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-top-view-of-a-35-cm-long-waveguide-spiral-b-3c6sb239.png Fig. 4. (a) Top view of a 35 cm long waveguide spiral. (b) Simulation of the fundamental mode for the 3 µm × 1.875 µm silicon strip waveguide. (c) Rib-to-strip converter for coupling to the fundamental mode [48]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-amos-full-custom-silicon-photonic-rapid-prototyping-2r4jyhck.png Fig. 5. AMO’s Full Custom Silicon Photonic Rapid Prototyping Platform: Flexible process flows; (a): High resolution photonic device layer (inset: finalized photonic wafer before dicing). (b) transmitter module for active optical cable application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-amos-full-custom-rapid-prototyping-platform-for-2vhpcqzj.png Fig. 10. AMO’s Full Custom Rapid Prototyping Platform for silicon nitride photonics: left: Passive devices with customized Si3N4 waveguide dimensions. Right: Thermo-optical devices can be built either with metal heaters on top of the low-loss cladding (H1) or next to the waveguide (H2). Thermal isolation grooves improve the power budget for the heaters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-suspended-waveguide-for-mid-infrared-applications-25egi3jr.png Fig. 6. A suspended waveguide for mid-infrared applications using CORNERSTONE’s silicon photonics technology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-biopix-platform-gives-the-opportunity-for-1se87yyx.png Fig. 9. The BioPIX platform gives the opportunity for components such as (a) spiral waveguides and (b) ring resonators to interface with biological samples through the use of the open-clad module, while also providing high performance standard components such as (c) compact Mach-Zehnder Inteferometers and (d) grating couplers for vertical interfacing, down to 388 nm wavelength on the BioPIX150 platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-imecs-fully-integrated-silicon-photonics-platform-for-2gg2f6ov.png Fig. 1. imec’s fully integrated silicon photonics platform for 1310 nm/1550 nm wavelengths comprising low-loss passive waveguide devices, efficient fiber I/O and >50 Gb/s modulators and detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-chips-examples-from-ligentec-the-upper-chip-shows-32psf3m7.png Fig. 7. Two chips examples from LIGENTEC. The upper chip shows five compact AWGs (left) and PDK building blocks with heaters for 1550 nm operation. The lower chip shows spirals with losses below 0.05 dB/cm used as compact delay lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cea-letis-silicon-photonics-platform-a-cross-section-3fo6jgxw.png Fig. 2. CEA-Leti’s silicon photonics platform: (a) Cross section of the overall platform. (b) III-V die bonded on patterned silicon https://scispace.com/papers/open-m5-branes-4fe29tum6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-an-open-m5-brane-1i7rq6b4.png FIG. 3 (color online). An open M5-brane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-5-brane-interface-2yjair7r.png FIG. 2 (color online). A 5-brane ‘‘interface.’’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-an-open-5-brane-1v9o95ja.png FIG. 1 (color online). An open 5-brane. https://scispace.com/papers/opening-spaces-for-the-development-of-human-agency-with-5ao91p80ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-before-and-after-pbl-at-birzeit-university-ramallah-1a7qi3gs.png Fig 2. Before and after PBL at Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine: Electronic Engineering Group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-revised-samr-model-focusing-on-learning-design-and-4y6lhmli.png Fig 4 Revised SAMR model focusing on learning design and learner engagement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-original-samr-model-cc-by-attribution-sharealike-4-1ojr4hwe.png Fig 3. The original SAMR model: CC by Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-problem-based-learning-design-model-cd672j2j.png Fig 1. Problem based learning design model. https://scispace.com/papers/opening-the-black-box-of-efficiency-measurement-input-2ic4sq8ewl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efficiency-results-3a511qg1.png TABLE 2: Efficiency results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-input-activities-and-outputs-sfsn7rj8.png TABLE 1: Summary statistics for input, activities, and outputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-abc-model-2kes4xe6.png FIGURE 1: ABC model https://scispace.com/papers/operando-sxrd-of-e-ald-deposited-sulphides-ultra-thin-films-j4kmt81i2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-layout-of-the-sxrd-geometry-the-sample-1f40e777.png Fig. 1. A schematic layout of the SXRD geometry. The sample surface is represented by the yellowish disc. x,y,z is the reference system of the laboratory while a1*, a2* and c* are the reciprocal vector of the Ag(111) surface cell used as reference system of the reciprocal space. In SXRD the z axis and the c* vector are parallel. The sample surface is in the plane x,y where also the vectors a1* and a2* lay. The angle is between the a1* vector and the x axis is the azimuth angle. The incident x-ray beam, kin, is in the plane x,z at an angle with the surface, The exit beam, kout, has an exit angle with respect to the surface and an in plane angle with respect the x,z plane. T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-operando-h-k-intensity-maps-at-l-1-05-measured-for-the-3ni2x8qe.png Fig. 2. Operando h,k intensity maps at l = 1.05 measured for the Op1:1 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-presented-in-this-study-3isl20mg.png Table 1 Samples presented in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-morphological-analysis-of-the-cuxznys-1-1-at-1000x-a-b-2rwr4tg7.png Fig. 5. Morphological analysis of the CuxZnyS 1:1 at 1000X (a), (b), (c) an https://scispace.com/papers/operating-cycle-performance-lost-periodicity-and-waveform-572rrci0bs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-illustration-of-the-lost-periodicity-phenomena-pc-33z4xzh4.png Fig. 6. The illustration of the lost periodicity phenomena, PC-SMPS-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-illustration-of-the-lost-periodicity-phenomena-pc-1o1cdxh2.png Fig. 7. The illustration of the lost periodicity phenomena, PC-SMPS-2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-dc-component-current-harmonic-subharrmonic-and-183t3u2c.png Fig. 8. The dc component, current harmonic, subharrmonic and interharmonic magnitudes for PC-SMPS-1 (8.4 s window). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-indicators-and-power-quality-indices-with-kifrudaj.png Fig. 9. Performance indicators and power quality indices with standard uncertainty bounds obtained from 200 ms, 3 s and 8.4 s time windows (PC-SMPS1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-pc-operating-cycle-in-a-commercial-office-2uj007bo.png Fig. 1. Example of a PC operating cycle in a commercial office setting; bar plot represents discrete values [20], dash lines indicate ranges [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-mass-and-density-functions-for-fig-1-1hmw3bxj.png Fig. 2. Probability mass and density functions for Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-operating-cycle-performance-of-pc-smps1-for-wf1-wf3-6ckcfgco.png Fig. 11. Operating cycle performance of PC-SMPS1 for WF1-WF3 and for operating cycle represented with ranges of normally distributed powers (PDF) in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-operating-cycle-performance-of-pc-smps1-for-wf1-wf3-33aupfj8.png Fig. 10. Operating cycle performance of PC-SMPS1 for WF1-WF3 and for operating cycle represented with discrete powers (PMF) in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/opioid-induced-respiratory-depression-in-the-acute-care-30htq3zed2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-all-134-patients-described-in-105-lcmzaitc.png Table 1. Characteristics of all 134 patients described in 105 case reports on critical opioid-induced respiratory depression in the acute care setting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-case-related-specifics-n8ogb8be.png Table 2. Case-related specifics. https://scispace.com/papers/opportunistic-message-routing-using-multi-layer-social-1rajjc8ts9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-datasets-v5iitzzf.png Table 1: Characteristics of the datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-multi-layer-social-network-3fptazg8.png Figure 1: A multi-layer social network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-routing-performance-of-utility-scores-tp54pnay.png Figure 3: Routing performance of utility scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-for-the-simulation-parameters-gq433jmz.png Table 2: Values for the simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-complementary-cdfs-of-contact-durations-and-the-66qeqaha.png Figure 2: Complementary CDFs of contact durations and the number of contacts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-ml-sor-with-other-algorithms-in-terms-1wjnu4mo.png Figure 4: Comparison of ML-SOR with other algorithms in terms of delivery ratio, overhead and latency (Lapland dataset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-ml-sor-with-other-algorithms-in-terms-2zgrvbo4.png Figure 5: Comparison of ML-SOR with other algorithms in terms of delivery ratio, overhead and latency (Sigcomm dataset). https://scispace.com/papers/optic-issues-in-ongoing-erl-projects-fp001a9b7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-parameters-of-electron-beam-in-the-erhic-2irrpgac.png Table 3. Main parameters of electron beam in the eRHIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electron-beam-parameters-of-r-d-erl-33thv98c.png Table 2. Electron Beam Parameters of R&D ERL https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-an-erl-at-cornell-university-for-2j763i2i.png Table 1. Parameters for an ERL at Cornell University for three different running modes: for high flux, for high coherence and for short pulses. We show initial target emittance figures, simulations suggest that lower values may be possible. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-band-gap-of-cross-linked-curved-and-radical-3u3oa127zk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-the-optical-band-gap-of-pahs-against-number-of-2k59y4vt.png Fig. 3 Plot of the optical band gap of PAHs against number of rings, M. Previous literature results from similar fittings done by Adkins and Miller 24 and Robertson 20 are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-optical-band-gap-of-different-resonance-stabilized-2h6vp2po.png Fig. 10 Optical band gap of different resonance-stabilized-radical (RSR) PAHs as compared to closed-shell peri-condensed PAHs and acene series PAHs. The RSR PAHs include peri-condensed , indenyl-like , triangulene, and cyclopentamethylene RSR PAHs. The lines shown are power-law fittings, comparing the fits to all the peri-condensed flat PAHs calculated in section 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-plot-of-optical-band-gap-against-number-of-linked-1i2wjyty.png Fig. 4 a) Plot of optical band gap against number of linked monomers for homogeneous aromers. An exponential decay curve has been fitted to guide the eye, with the dashed lines representing the expected asymptotic gap value. The blue shaded region represents flame optical band gap measurements from Botero et al. 17 b) LUMO orbitals of p-ternaphthyl (top) and p-terpyrenyl (bottom) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optical-band-gap-of-cross-linked-structures-of-39w9pqbj.png Fig. 5 Optical band gap of cross-linked structures of naphthalene, pyrene, coronene, and ovalene. Mmax is defined as the number of rings in the largest PAH monomer fragment in the cross-linked PAH (blue for pyrene, green for coronene, red for ovalene). The structures of the PAHs are found in Fig S5 in the supplemental information. The horizontal lines on the bar plot show the optical band gap of the 4 different monomer PAHs for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-optical-band-gap-and-change-in-energy-of-biphenyl-uydh8u22.png Fig. 6 Optical band gap and change in energy of biphenyl rotational conformers as a function of the dihedral angle, θ . Examples of some of the rotational conformers in the scan are illustrated in the plot, with the atoms comprising the dihedral angle θ highlighted in blue. The beige and blue shaded regions represent the rotational conformers accessible at 298K and their corresponding OBG values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-percentage-errors-between-the-obgs-1vuf9anp.png Fig. 1 Comparison of the percentage errors between the OBGs obtained from experimental UV-Vis absorption experiments and DFT simulations using different hybrid functionals. Also shown are the structures of the three PAHs we tested. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-optical-band-gaps-obtained-from-2idub1k2.png Fig. 2 Comparison between the optical band gaps obtained from TDDFT simulations and UV-Vis absorption measurements of 19 different PAHs. Also shown are the molecular structures for some representative PAHs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plot-of-the-obg-of-corannulenes-subjected-to-different-2in59k3q.png Fig. 8 Plot of the OBG of corannulenes subjected to different amounts of strain. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-coherence-tomography-angiography-assessed-retinal-4ff7mt52zc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-the-article-search-process-for-meta-cq0q0m9b.png Figure 1: Flow diagram of the article search process for meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forest-plot-for-choriocapillaris-vessel-density-in-2ejetbud.png Figure 4: Forest plot for choriocapillaris vessel density in RP patients and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-forest-plot-for-analysis-of-foveal-avascular-zone-36addj9l.png Figure 5: Forest plot for analysis of foveal avascular zone superficial and deep in RP patients and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forest-plot-for-foveal-thickness-in-rp-patients-and-3oknqa67.png Figure 6: Forest plot for foveal thickness in RP patients and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-of-parafoveal-vessel-density-in-rp-2aodharb.png Figure 3: Forest plot of parafoveal vessel density in RP patients and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-foveal-vessel-density-in-rp-groups-1oayga61.png Figure 2: Forest plot of foveal vessel density in RP groups and control groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-the-included-studies-12ucc6c0.png Table 1: Clinical characteristics of the included studies. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-cycling-functionalization-of-arenes-4s4wnye4kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photon-cycling-scheme-with-an-excitation-red-to-the-366j55v3.png Figure 5: Photon cycling scheme with an excitation (red) to the first excited electronic state and decay (blue) to the ground electronic state for, from left to right: “vertical” naphthalene, “vertical” fluorinated naphthalene, “horizontal” naphthalene and “horizontal” fluorinated naphthalene. The FCFs are shown along with each decay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computed-npa-charges-on-ca-and-o-for-all-molecules-2msqm5t2.png Table 1: Computed NPA charges on Ca and O for all molecules’ ground states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cao-functionalized-naphthalene-and-coronene-ntos-of-3a3988gq.png Figure 2: CaO-functionalized naphthalene and coronene NTOs of the ground to first excited state transition (X̃ → Ã) with an isosurface value of 0.03. No electron density can be found far from the calcium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photon-cycling-scheme-with-an-excitation-red-to-the-21lkmetx.png Figure 4: Photon cycling scheme with an excitation (red) to the first excited electronic state and decay (blue) to the ground electronic state for naphthalene and coronene. The FCFs are shown along with each decay pathway. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fcfs-and-ca-o-bond-length-change-excited-state-2clupda0.png Table 2: FCFs and Ca-O bond length change (excited state - ground state) for all molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-b-optimized-ground-state-structures-for-two-edge-273po9ur.png Figure 6: (a) (b) Optimized ground state structures for two edge structures, E1 and E2. The atomic charges on Ca and O from the Bader charge analysis are also shown. (c) (d) Electron density of molecular orbitals for CaO supported on two graphene edges. The isosurfaces are plotted with an isovalue of 0.001. (e) (f) PDOS for CaO supported on two graphene edges. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-coupling-structure-made-by-imprinting-between-single-26pv8gdgug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-structure-of-the-samples-used-in-the-mirror-10ueuo1q.png Figure 8. Left) Structure of the samples used in the mirror coupler experiments.[10] VCSEL is embedded under the waveguide stack. Also the location of the mirror element illustrated. Right) Micrograph of a fabricated sample showing embedded VCSEL under imprint-patterned waveguide core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-coupling-mirror-imprinting-by-insert-based-xobbprcm.png Figure 9. Coupling mirror imprinting by insert-based mastering: Left) The main process steps. Middle) Layout in the experiment. Right) Micrograph of an imprinted mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-process-to-fabricate-inverted-rib-polymer-30njgm7p.png Figure 1. The process to fabricate inverted rib polymer waveguides by UV imprinting.[6] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-imprint-based-ormocer-waveguides-left-cross-section-394bj3e1.png Figure 2. Imprint-based Ormocer waveguides: left) Cross-section of five parallel inverted-rib waveguides, showing very thin (0.5 µm) slab layer; middle) SEM of ridge waveguide with end facet; right) Waveguides of varying bend radii on a wafer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-alignment-in-mirror-imprinting-left-part-of-a-3373jibo.png Figure 11. Alignment in mirror imprinting: Left) Part of a sample chip with embedded VCSELs and waveguides seen from above with an alignment camera. Right) During the precision alignment the mirror mold is moved to find the optimal position as e.g. illustrated here with the green arrows. Here the red spot visible on the IR detection card is used to illustrate that when properly aligned on the top of the VCSEL the mold reflects the VCSEL beam 90° towards the card. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-coupling-mirror-imprinting-left-sample-chip-with-3n1jdll1.png Figure 10. Coupling mirror imprinting: Left) Sample chip with waveguides and embedded VCSELs under the mirror imprinting mold in the precision alignment station. Also the monitoring fiber used in the active alignment is seen. Right) SEM image of a mirror imprinted in Ormocer by the micro-prism mold. (Note: the residual particles are from the dicing, which was used to make the cross-section sample for SEM.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-embedded-metal-micro-mirror-for-coupling-t70sbl49.png Figure 4. Proposed embedded metal micro-mirror for coupling from embedded VCSEL to polymer waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optical-modeling-of-the-vcsel-to-waveguide-coupling-1e3w19ky.png Figure 5. Optical modeling of the VCSEL-to-waveguide coupling: left) The structure. right) Coupling loss as a function of VCSEL-to-mirror separation for varying VCSEL beam waists. Beam waist of 3 µm pointed with arrow. (When waveguide mode-field diameter is 6 µm and mirror-to-waveguide separation is fixed to 5 µm.) https://scispace.com/papers/optical-design-of-the-zwicky-transient-facility-a-major-4xxmfxp2l6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-of-the-full-ztf-optical-system-figure-6a-3bat6j3f.png Figure 6: Schematic of the full ZTF optical system (Figure 6a) and null testing of the trim plate (Figure 6b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-on-sky-measurement-of-the-relative-axial-position-1mv0kdot.png Figure 7: On-sky measurement of the relative axial position of best focus, in mm. A general spherical error is evident, as well as tilt and focus of some CCDs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-original-schmidt-camera-at-palomar-observatory-247jj6go.png Figure 1: The original Schmidt camera at Palomar Observatory. Figure 1a shows a cutaway schematic of the full system, as originally commissioned.2 For scale, note the observer sitting near the telescope base. Figure 1b shows a modern schematic of the original optical design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-design-of-the-ztf-sensor-field-flattener-1xpdoi9a.png Figure 2: Optical design of the ZTF sensor/field flattener assembly (a) schematic, and b) photograph, showing the field flatteners and mounting clip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optical-design-of-the-ztf-dewar-assembly-a-1wfaw1xo.png Figure 4: Optical design of the ZTF dewar assembly (a) schematic, and b) photograph, showing the window, field flatteners, and dewar walls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-schematic-of-the-ztf-focal-plane-showing-90skz6gv.png Figure 3: Optical schematic of the ZTF focal plane showing the faceted arrangement of CCDs and the field flatteners https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-transmission-of-the-ztf-filters-an-i-band-3r55pvpr.png Figure 5: Measured transmission of the ZTF filters. An i band filter is in production. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-in-situ-size-determination-of-single-lanthanide-ion-2wpnr9p9yn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-size-distribution-calculated-from-1i24lu89.png FIG. 3. Normalized size distribution calculated from experimental optical microscopy images black in comparison to that determined from electron microscopy images dashed multiplied by the calculated optical detection probability shown in the inset gray . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-luminosity-distribution-of-y0-6eu0-4vo4-nanoparticles-2sfiemdp.png FIG. 2. Luminosity distribution of Y0.6Eu0.4VO4 nanoparticles determined from optical microscopy images with integration time of 500 ms see inset . Total number of NPs: 3255. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-size-distribution-of-y0-6eu0-4vo4-nanoparticles-230upbge.png FIG. 1. Size distribution of Y0.6Eu0.4VO4 nanoparticles determined from TEM images see inset . Total number of NPs: 603. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-mechanical-and-sensorial-properties-of-strawberry-2i4ztfzwzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-physicochemical-composition-of-strawberry-b9wh4bjs.png Table 1. Average physicochemical composition of strawberry spreadable products depending on type of sugar, elaboration method and pectin percentage (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-dimensional-correspondence-plot-95-57-of-the-1bur9609.png Figure 3: Two-dimensional correspondence plot (95.57% of the total variance: Dimension 1, 56.61 % and Dimension 2, 38.96 %), obtained from performing the correspondence analysis for the four selected samples considering the elaboration method (D1: Dry Osmotic Dehydration without eliminating liquid phase; D2: Dry Osmotic Dehydration eliminating liquid phase), and pectin percentage (1.5 and 2 %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-values-of-consistency-c-positive-area-of-curve-x2i8z9gg.png Figure 2: Values of consistency (C: positive area of curve Force vs. time (N·s)) and cohesiveness (A: negative area of curve Force vs. time (N·s)) of strawberry spreads considering elaboration method (W: Wet Osmotic Dehydration; D1: Dry Osmotic Dehydration without eliminating liquid phase; D2: Dry Osmotic Dehydration eliminating liquid phase), type of sugar (S: Sucrose; I: Isomaltulose) and pectin percentage (1, 1.5 and 2 %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-processing-conditions-11nu29dr.png Figure 1: Flow chart of the processing conditions https://scispace.com/papers/optical-microrotors-theory-design-and-fabrication-129844utvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-setup-for-microfabrication-3ix3udab.png Figure 4. Experimental setup for microfabrication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematics-of-the-microfabrication-method-3p0y63n7.png Figure 5. Schematics of the microfabrication method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-design-of-off-set-cross-optical-microrotor-b-3ugoou7x.png Figure 6. (a) Design of off-set cross optical microrotor. (b) Bitmap sequence describing the rotor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-image-of-the-3d-off-set-cross-11kwww1q.png Figure 8. SEM image of the 3D off-set cross. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optical-microscope-images-of-the-3d-off-set-crosses-3rhnzrk0.png Figure 7. Optical microscope images of the 3D off-set crosses produced by two-photon polymerization. (a) In unpolymerized resin. (b) After rinsing. Scale bars are 5 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-an-optically-driven-microrotor-b-discrete-dipole-f7ladrmd.png Figure 1. (a) An optically-driven microrotor. (b) Discrete dipole representation of the rotor. (c) Discrete rotational and mirror symmetries allow the modelling of only the repeated segment, with a major reduction in required memory and time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-full-interaction-matrix-b-symmetry-reduced-1bq4z0vi.png Figure 3. (a) Full interaction matrix. (b) Symmetry reduced interaction matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-rotationally-symmetric-arrangement-of-dipoles-b-8-s5h166j9.png Figure 2. (a) Rotationally symmetric arrangement of dipoles. (b) 8-dipole example. (c) The 2 dipoles required to completely specify all dipole moments. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-power-based-interrogation-of-plasmonic-tilted-fiber-1tq9xgooh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-of-the-reflected-power-based-2gh7zs7s.png Figure 2. Experimental setup of the reflected power-based technique, with details of the spectrum measured in three different points along the optical path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transmitted-spectrum-of-the-plasmonic-tfbg-sensor-2l0bztea.png Figure 1. (a) Transmitted spectrum of the plasmonic TFBG sensor, (b) behavior of the most sensitive mode with respect to surrounding refractive index changes and (c) experimental setup for the transmitted power-based technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-obtained-a-with-the-tunable-laser-21mp2o5e.png Figure 3. Sensitivity obtained (a) with the tunable laser source configuration and (b) with the LED approach. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-properties-of-wide-band-gap-indium-sulphide-thin-4seg0koiqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-on-the-other-hand-using-data-of-the-optical-a09yw0z2.png Table 1). On the other hand, using data of the optical transmission and reflec- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-ln-ahn-versus-ln-hn-eg-where-eg-is-2-7-ev-case-2k5bmqbf.png Fig. 4. Plot of ln (ahn) versus ln (hn– Eg), where Eg is 2.7 eV, case of the film annealed at 673 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-ahn-2-versus-hn-case-of-the-film-annealed-at-1mwtjraq.png Fig. 5. Plot of (ahn)2 versus hn, case of the film annealed at 673 K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fig-4-1d3i3tqb.png Fig. 3 Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reflectance-traces-obtained-from-the-different-films-100h545n.png Fig. 2. Reflectance traces obtained from the different films versus the wavelength of incident light https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transmittance-traces-obtained-from-the-different-films-22bepyf4.png Fig. 1. Transmittance traces obtained from the different films versus the wavelength of incident light https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-refractive-index-n-versus-the-ukz8ec8y.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the refractive index n versus the wavelength of incident photon obtained for different films https://scispace.com/papers/optically-active-diarylethenes-for-multimode-photoswitching-4mtqx7dkh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pitch-values-htp-and-handedness-of-the-cholesteric-3ajcxm2h.png Table 1. Pitch values, HTP, and handedness of the cholesteric phases formed by doping compound 1 in K15 and ZLI-389, as determined by the Cano± Grandjean method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-texture-of-the-nematic-and-twisted-nematic-liquid-3blrdm8j.png Fig. 1. The texture of the nematic and twisted nematic liquid-crystalline phases; 1.4 wt.-% of 1 in ZLI-389 52 C. a) Cholesteric fingerprint texture. b) Nematic texture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-change-of-pitch-value-with-irradiation-time-2-0-wt-pr64m4r2.png Fig. 2. The change of pitch value with irradiation time; 2.0 wt.-% of 1 in ZLI-389 at 52 C and in K15 at 32 C. https://scispace.com/papers/optics-flexibility-and-matching-at-lhc-injection-nuzfwqgtug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ir2-alignment-optics-1tswj3w3.png Figure 4: IR2 alignment optics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horizontal-beam-positions-in-ir8-with-solid-and-3qgjrg28.png Figure 3: Horizontal beam positions in IR8 with (solid) and without (dashed line) horizontal crossing at IP 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-side-of-ir2-with-the-injection-region-for-lhc-68er0tqi.png Figure 1: Left side of IR2 with the injection region for LHC ring 1. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-conditions-for-tandem-mass-spectrometric-sequencing-2gbrt4wijz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-negative-mode-esi-ms-ms-of-p1-h-at-m-z-1105-8-with-2nyhp0nb.png Figure 1. Negative mode ESI-MS/MS of [P1 – H]– at m/z 1105.8 (with a 3.0 magnification factor of the y-axis). Product ion assignments (in inset) are supported by accurate mass measurements (Table S2, supporting information). Peaks designated by white stars correspond to deprotonated monomers: [00 – H]– at m/z 100.1, [01 – H]– at m/z 114.1, [10 – H]– at m/z 128.1, [11 – H]– at m/z 142.1. Collision energy is given in the laboratory frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-positive-mode-esi-ms-ms-of-mep4-2na-2-at-m-z-1050-6-2w1h39rx.png Figure 3. Positive mode ESI-MS/MS of [MeP4+2Na]2+ at m/z 1050.6 (collision energy in the laboratory frame). Inset: zoom on the 160–205 m/z range for identification of the w’1 Na+ product ion. Top table: calculated m/z values for w’j Na+ ions by adding the mass of 00 (101.0 Da), 01 (115.1 Da), 10 (129.1 Da) or 11 (143.1 Da) to the m/z value of the detected previous congener (in green). Secondary product ions are in grey, including sodiated monomers designated by grey stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-positive-mode-esi-ms-ms-of-a-p1-2nh4-2-at-m-z-571-4-3gee1w1w.png Figure 2. Positive mode ESI-MS/MS of A) [P1+2NH4] 2+ at m/z 571.4, B) [P1+2Na]2+ at m/z 576.3, and C) [MeP1+2Na]2+ at m/z 583.3 (with MeP1, the oligomer with methylated α group). The same color code is employed for peak annotation and for patterns designating detected product ions in the dissociating scheme shown in inset: blue for αi, red for wj, purple for yj, and green for w’j. Secondary product ions are in grey, including protonated (pale grey) or sodiated (dark grey) monomers designated by stars. Collision energy is given in the laboratory frame. Magnification factor of the y-axis is 2.8 in B) and 1.5 in C). https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-co-allocation-of-carbon-and-nitrogen-in-a-forest-1ji7kjt7jb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-solutions-a-fractions-of-the-net-production-3o3xz17x.png Fig. 4 Model solutions. (a) Fractions of the net production allocated to wood and fine roots given the nitrogen (N) availability: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), solid line; Norway spruce (Picea abies), dashed line. (b) The fractions of net production allocated to foliage and wood, given the corresponding gross primary productivity (GPP). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-for-parameters-used-in-the-simulations-26ja4tn9.png Table 1 Values for parameters used in the simulations https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-conditions-for-imaging-in-scanning-tunneling-ekfnagk0om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roughness-rq-and-average-wavelength-lq-as-function-of-17up9sm5.png FIG. 4. Roughness (Rq) and average wavelength (lq) as function of the different conditions used along theK50.8 line. STM images are visually similar and are not presented. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-consumption-and-savings-with-stochastic-income-and-2crwyy33vw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-consumption-income-ratio-c-w-where-the-eis-ps-0-1-s5z1wxn7.png Figure 5: Consumption-income ratio c(w) where the EIS ψ = 0.1, ψ = 1, and ψ = 2. Other parameter values are: r = 3.5%, ρ = 4%, σ = 10%, µ = 1.5%, and γ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-large-income-shocks-the-effects-of-the-mean-2e0i8gtt.png Figure 10: Large income shocks: The effects of the mean arrival rate λ. The expected income loss in percentage upon jumps is E(1 − Z) = 1/(1 + β) = 20%. Other parameter values are: r = 3.5%, ρ = 4%, σ = 10%, µ = 1.5%, γ = 3, and ψ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-illustrations-the-scaled-certainty-ecpcwtm7.png Figure 1: Graphical Illustrations: the scaled certainty equivalent wealth p(w), marginal (certainty equivalent) value of wealth p′(w), consumption-income ratio c(w), and the MPC out of wealth c′(w). The dashed straight lines in all panels correspond to the CM benchmark results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stationary-distribution-of-w-effects-of-subject-1kodclfk.png Table 5: Stationary distribution of w: Effects of subject discount rate ρ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-marginal-certainty-equivalent-value-of-wealth-p-21lx6741.png Figure 7: The marginal (certainty equivalent) value of wealth p′(w) and consumption-income ratio c(w) for µ = 0.01, µ = 0.015, and µ = 0.02. Other parameter values are: r = 3.5%, ρ = 4%, σ = 10%, ψ = 1, and γ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-certainty-equivalent-wealth-p-w-marginal-value-of-vicoz23k.png Figure 4: Certainty equivalent wealth p(w), marginal value of wealth p′(w), consumption-income ratio c(w), and the MPC c′(w): Type B where the borrowing constraints bind, i.e., c(0) = 1. We plot for two levels of risk aversion: γ = 0.5 and γ = 1.5. Other parameter values are: r = 3.5%, ρ = 4%, σ = 10%, µ = 1.5%, and ψ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-permanent-and-transitory-income-shocks-parameter-3ck5mqkh.png Figure 11: Permanent and transitory income shocks. Parameter values are: r = 3.5%, ρ = 4%, σ = 10%, µ = 1.5%, γ = 3, ψ = 1, φG = 0.5, φB = 0.5, xG = 1.2, and xB = 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-understanding-excess-sensitivity-and-excess-chbtzg2x.png Figure 8: Understanding “excess sensitivity” and “excess smoothness” puzzles: Expected consumption growth gC(w) and consumption growth volatility σC(w). Parameter values are: r = ρ = 3.5%, σ = 10%, µ = 1.5%, and ψ = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-control-of-the-orientation-and-alignment-of-an-3xxdf6ftuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-optimized-electric-field-e-t-obtained-for-a-151fqjhl.png Figure 3. The optimized electric field E(t) obtained for a temperature of 0 K in Section III B 1 (top panel) and the average value 〈ΦZx〉 (lower panel) as a function of the time t in ps. For the optimization time T = 50 ps, indicated by a vertical line in both panels, 〈ΦZx〉 = 0.95973. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-largest-orientation-phzx-max-defined-in-eq-14-3art5pqo.png Figure 2. The largest orientation 〈〈ΦZx〉〉Max, defined in Eq. (14), is plotted as a function of the temperature in Kelvin for JMax = 9, 13, and 20, in solid, dashed, and dotted lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-intensity-of-the-optimized-laser-pulse-i-t-a8u3vmu2.png Figure 11. The intensity of the optimized laser pulse I(t) obtained for a temperature of 20 K in Section IV B 2 (top panel) and the thermal average 〈〈Φ2Zy〉〉 (lower panel) as a function of the time t in ps. For the optimization time T = 6 ps, indicated by a vertical line in the lower panels, 〈〈Φ2Zy〉〉 = 0.71720. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-windowed-fourier-transform-of-the-optimized-38xipqa6.png Figure 4. Windowed Fourier transform of the optimized electric field obtained in Section III B 1 for a zero temperature. The x and y axes are the time and the frequency in picosecond and cm−1, respectively. A darker color indicates larger values of the squared Fourier transform modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-optimized-electric-field-e-t-obtained-for-a-2831xuwa.png Figure 5. The optimized electric field E(t) obtained for a temperature of 50 K in Section III B 2 (top panel) and the thermal average 〈〈ΦZx〉〉 (lower panel) as a function of the time t in ps. For the optimization time T = 50 ps, indicated by a vertical line in both panels, 〈〈ΦZx〉〉 = 0.74230. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-strongest-m-0-ae-type-transitions-a-rr5htbyw.png Table IV. Strongest M = 0, Ae-type transitions a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-average-values-j2z-and-j2x-j2y-as-a-function-ut9ft23v.png Figure 10. The average values 〈J2z 〉 and 〈J2x+J2y 〉 as a function of the time t in ps in solid and dashed lines, respectively, for the optimized laser pulse obtained in Section IV B 1 for a zero temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-intensity-of-the-optimized-laser-pulse-i-t-i0hjpcbg.png Figure 9. The intensity of the optimized laser pulse I(t) obtained for a zero temperature in Section IV B 1 (top panel) and the average value 〈Φ2Zy〉 (lower panel) as a function of the time t in ps. For the optimization time T = 5 ps, indicated by a vertical line in the lower panel, 〈Φ2Zy〉 = 0.94416. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-controls-for-a-model-with-pharmacokinetics-608dfsz9iw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-control-for-p0-0-9-for-p0-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-0-3i016nkt.png Fig. 5: Control for p0 = 0.9 for P0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-states-for-p0-0-9-for-ppk-2lav1f37.png Fig. 16: States for p0 = 0.9 for Ppk https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-states-from-steady-state-for-p0-3inftxx2.png Fig. 10: States from steady-state for P0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-control-from-steady-state-for-p0-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-2poymcgc.png Fig. 9: Control from steady-state for P0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pk-curves-3ljsxxx3.png Fig. 4: PK curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pk-curves-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-2ukflevu.png Fig. 3: PK curves 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-design-of-experimental-epidemics-2qohbnfuij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-d-efficiency-of-d-optimal-designs-n-3-with-fixed-2rdop8cf.png Figure 4: D-efficiency of D-optimal designs (n = 3) with fixed initial conditions for the poSI(4)R epidemic (as per Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-density-estimates-for-the-maximum-likelihood-12bdaanm.png Figure 2: Density estimates for the maximum likelihood estimator using 1000 simulated trajectories of the SIS epidemic (as per Table 1) and point estimates derived using Doptimal designs (n=3) for various values of x0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-sets-used-for-main-si-sis-and-posi-k-r-1ytj30tu.png Table 1: Parameter sets used for main SI, SIS and poSI(k)R epidemic examples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-d-optimal-ds-optimal-and-alternative-designs-n-3-n-1yu06yo7.png Table 2: D-optimal/Ds-optimal and alternative designs (n = 3, N = 1000) for the SI, SIS and poSI(k)R epidemic models listed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d-optimal-designs-n-3-obtained-for-various-values-1l8hgqcs.png Figure 3: D-optimal designs (n = 3) obtained for various values of x0 with N = 1000 and different values of β and µ (λ = 0). D-efficiency is measured relative to the best of the optimal designs for each parameter set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-efficiencies-of-optimal-designs-for-a-the-1l7prv6h.png Figure 6: Relative efficiencies of optimal designs for: (a) the SI epidemic (N = 1000, any β) with error in βguess; (b) the SIS epidemic (N = 1000, α = 3.0, ρ = 14 ) with error in αguess and ρguess (contour plot); and (c) the poSI(1)R epidemic (N = 1000, β = 4.0, γ = 1.0) with error in βguess and γguess (contour plot). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-d-optimal-designs-n-3-n-1000-for-the-models-listed-1rumh07i.png Figure 1: D-optimal designs (n = 3, N = 1000) for the models listed in Table 1 and simulated (grey) trajectories (shown with limiting deterministic trajectory ±2 standard deviations as black lines) for: (a) the SI epidemic (n = 3); (b) the SIS epidemic (n = 3); (c and d) the poSI(4)R epidemic (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-d-efficiencies-of-experimental-epidemics-n-2-with-w6ai2kf3.png Figure 5: D-efficiencies of experimental epidemics (n = 2), with 5000 individuals divided equally between r replicate experiments for: (a) the SI epidemic (β = 1.0, λ = 0.5); (b) the SIS epidemic (β = 4.0, µ = 1.0, λ = 0); and (c) the poSI(1)R epidemic (β = 4.0, γ = 1.0). Solid lines connect the values calculated under the Gaussian diffusion approximation, whilst dashed lines connect the values calculated via simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-design-of-a-linear-induction-motor-applied-in-2by4otc5k5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-construction-diagram-of-lim-29urv1g0.png Fig. 1. Simple construction diagram of LIM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-t-type-equivalent-circuit-of-lim-considering-the-back-3kmnzhya.png Fig. 2. T-type equivalent circuit of LIM considering the back iron resistance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optimal-design-performance-curves-13g2lhd4.png Fig. 7. Optimal design performance curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-curves-of-efficiency-versus-velocity-3y3cgmbi.png Fig. 4. Curves of efficiency versus velocity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-curves-of-power-factor-versus-velocity-t44puq4e.png Fig. 5. Curves of power factor versus velocity https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-dimensions-of-slim-10xogq0b.png TABLE I MAIN DIMENSIONS OF SLIM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-efficiency-power-factor-and-product-of-power-3fu2ey21.png Fig. 3. The efficiency, power factor, and product of power factor and efficiency are illustrated in Figs. 4-6, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-directions-for-directional-distance-functions-an-229pkn6wym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-country-results-of-the-efficiency-analysis-2v4cqqz7.png Table 5: Country results of the efficiency analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statics-of-the-data-62-major-emitting-m480jprx.png Table 1: Descriptive statics of the data (62 major emitting countries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-influential-observations-27vw7qho.png Figure 2: Effects of influential observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-frontier-shift-drzbfr6l.png Figure 1: Example of a frontier shift https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-results-using-optimized-and-non-sitfpmzp.png Figure 4: Comparison of results using optimized and non-optimized weights https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histograms-of-optimal-weights-10exnyyh.png Figure 3: Histograms of optimal weights https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-distribution-tree-for-internet-streaming-media-4m61phoxbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-state-variables-of-node-x-115j1w0h.png Table 2: State variables of node x https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-convergence-time-vs-p-1on9q5cq.png Figure 5: Convergence Time vs. p https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-converted-trees-npzlb47g.png Figure 10: Converted Trees https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-centralized-algorithm-2stkm3qq.png Figure 2: Centralized Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-trees-vs-random-trees-nvyajy6b.png Figure 4: Optimal Trees vs. Random Trees https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributed-algorithm-4qzpdqdx.png Figure 3: Distributed Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-network-model-nkjwgelv.png Figure 1: Network Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measurement-errors-and-achieved-average-incoming-tbqot970.png Figure 8: Measurement Errors and Achieved Average Incoming Rate https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-education-and-pensions-in-an-endogenous-growth-model-3rf1573t5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-laissez-faire-balanced-growth-paths-1j2vd0o3.png Table 1: Different laissez-faire balanced growth paths https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-laser-control-of-double-quantum-dots-350ayedbk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-upper-panel-optimized-pulses-x-components-3drfftke.png FIG. 3. Color online Upper panel: optimized pulses x components for transitions a 00 → 10 and b 00 → 20 . The interdot distances are fixed to d=3 and 5 and the pulse lengths to T =50 and 100, respectively. Lower panel: occupations of states involved in the transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-maximum-occupation-logarithmic-scale-of-1p9r4qzr.png FIG. 2. Color online Maximum occupation logarithmic scale of the target state as a function of the interdot distance d in transitions 00 → 10 with pulse length T=50 circles and 00 → 20 with T=100 squares . The lines are guides for the eyes. The dashed line denotes the maximum target-state occupation of 0.6 for a single harmonic oscillator. The jump marked by an arrow is due to a resonance effect see text . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-spectrum-of-the-optimized-pulse-inset-for-the-3u9g8uxi.png FIG. 4. a Spectrum of the optimized pulse inset for the electron transport process L → R in a fixed time T=100. The pulse has a rectangular envelope A t =1, and the penalty factor is =1. b Occupations of states R and L solid lines and the integrated densities R and L dashed lines in the right and left dots during the transport. c – h Snapshots of the total electron density R + L. The double quantum dot has d=6, 0=0.5, and well-depth asymmetry of V0=0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-left-panel-lowest-eigenenergies-of-a-2g7byfrs.png FIG. 1. Color online Left panel: lowest eigenenergies of a double quantum dot with 0=0.5 as a function of the interdot distance. Black, red thick , and blue thin curves mark the ground state, controllable states, and uncontrollable states, respectively. Right panel: densities of six lowest eigenstates at d=5. The dashed lines mark the nodes of the wave functions. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-lattice-reduction-aided-successive-interference-2yom6dt7bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-versus-snr-performance-over-a-correlated-channel-1nr10hhg.png Fig. 4. BER versus SNR performance over a correlated channel using Nt = 4, Nr = 4, 16-QAM, ρr = ρt = 0.7. The channel was assumed to be perfectly known at the receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-versus-snr-performance-over-a-frequency-flat-3f83s9cq.png Fig. 3. BER versus SNR performance over a frequency-flat channel using Nt = 4, Nr = 4, 16-QAM. The channel was assumed to be perfectly known at the receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-versus-snr-performance-over-a-frequency-flat-28gsl4as.png Fig. 2. BER versus SNR performance over a frequency-flat channel using Nt = 4, Nr = 4, QPSK. The channel was assumed to be perfectly known at the receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ber-versus-snr-performance-over-a-frequency-flat-2ptjcb9h.png Fig. 1. BER versus SNR performance over a frequency-flat channel using Nt = 2, Nr = 2, 16-QAM. The channel was assumed to be perfectly known at the receiver. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-rules-of-origin-with-asymmetric-compliance-costs-1c1fe59x4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-roo-in-regime-cn-2ve59cyw.png Figure 1: Optimal ROO in regime CN https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-normal-form-representation-of-stage-3-firm-e-20ams98n.png Table 1: A normal form representation of stage 3 Firm E https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-roo-and-the-equilibrium-regime-ld3i4fr4.png Figure 2: Optimal ROO and the equilibrium regime https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-level-of-chemical-defense-decreasing-with-leaf-age-3d8jek97hi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fhqex3xe.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-settings-of-fast-active-power-controller-nordic-case-42lwy2j0jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classical-power-frequency-p-f-characteristic-of-the-k-jxc5ex06.png Fig. 1. Classical power-frequency (P-f) characteristic of the K-f control implanted un the FAPI controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-time-p-t-characteristics-of-the-k-f-control-kp-yvxuts5c.png Fig. 3. Power-time (P-t) characteristics of the K-f control Kp variations, i.e., Kp[Kp,min, Kp,max]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classical-p-f-characteristics-of-the-k-f-control-1jfynyrx.png Fig. 2. Classical P-f characteristics of the K-f control considering Kp variations, i.e., Kp[Kp,min, Kp,max]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-frequency-response-using-the-optimal-settings-for-2va2yb43.png Fig. 10. Frequency response using the optimal settings for minimizing the minimum frequency deviation (∆fmin). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-frequency-response-using-the-optimal-settings-for-1rnpjl3x.png Fig. 9. Frequency response using the optimal settings for minimizing the steady-state frequency deviation (∆fss). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-a-single-control-area-the-main-znpb76tv.png Fig. 5. Block diagram of a single control area: The main controllers involved in the frequency response are represented in the control area. Pdist represents the system frequency disturbance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-frequency-response-by-gradually-decreasing-the-system-2bjn6ywq.png Fig. 8. Frequency response by gradually decreasing the system inertia of the NPS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-minimum-frequency-fmin-behavior-by-gradually-3b640jnv.png Fig. 6. Minimum frequency (fmin) behavior by gradually decreasing the system inertia of the NPS. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-sin-taxes-in-the-presence-of-income-taxes-and-health-53llbauk6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tpx-and-tx-with-different-levels-of-m-1b0qi4pn.png Figure 1: τpx and τx with different levels of m̄ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impacts-of-sin-tax-reforms-on-h-y-and-u-1m32dwgz.png Figure 2: The impacts of sin tax reforms on h, y and U https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-31t97v58.png Table 1: Calibration https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-strategies-for-biomass-productivity-maximization-in-3ocskautjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bang-bang-optimal-solution-in-black-for-model-2-4-jb9i3428.png Figure 2: Bang-bang optimal solution (in black) for model (2.4) confronted with the most productive constant dilution rate scenario (in grey) for a high-respiration species (r = 0.7) and ū = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bang-singular-bang-optimal-solution-in-black-for-3pywp2md.png Figure 1: Bang-singular-bang optimal solution (in black) for model (2.4) confronted with the most productive constant dilution rate scenario (in grey) for the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and the parameters of Table 1. At the top is the evolution of the biomass and at the bottom that of the control. The black dash-dotted lines represent the values of xσ and uσ respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-and-bioreactor-parameters-for-isochrysis-mg86u5m0.png Table 1: Growth and bioreactor parameters for Isochrysis galbana https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-productivity-levels-of-species-of-section-6-2-in-1brn57ad.png Figure 3: Productivity levels of species of Section 6.2: in grey, the productivity attained with the constant control u = ũ and in black the one with the near-optimal strategy of Section 6.3. The dashed-line represent the optimal productivity levels with ū = 2 https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-transport-for-secure-spread-spectrum-watermarking-of-1831ieowih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-embedding-psnr-w-r-t-the-average-ber-after-37y73s9q.png Figure 10. Average embedding PSNR w.r.t. the average BER after JPEG compression (QF = 30) on 2, 000 still images for 29 = 512 possible combinations. Square plots show the best combinations (low BER) for PSNR between 35 and 55 dB and cross plots are selected according an iterative procedure on subbands as presented in Tab. I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-host-image-a-watermarked-image-using-the-nw-2qfb0ylf.png Figure 11. Host image (a), Watermarked image using the NW modulation with constant embedding (CE) (b), the TNW modulation with CE (c) and the TNW modulation with multiplicative embedding (ME) (d). Parameters : combination = [1 2], Nt = 512, Nv = 256, Nc = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experimental-image-watermarking-scheme-2lyjktro.png Figure 7. Experimental image watermarking scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-distribution-of-correlations-between-two-secret-pe861ihc.png Figure 14. Distribution of correlations between two secret carriers and Nv-dimensional host (a) and watermarked (b) signals. Selected subbands: [3 4 5 6 7 8]. Parameters: No = 2, 000, Nt = 11, 520, Nv = 256,Nc = 16, PSNR = 46.6 dB. Distributions keep Gaussian after projection on quasi-orthogonal uniform carriers (Eq. (30)) and multiplicative embedding (Eq. (32)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-component-selection-the-watermark-is-hidden-on-each-1ms5zjo5.png Figure 8. Component selection: the watermark is hidden on each possible selection using 9 subbands in low-frequencies components after a 9/7 Daubechies DWT with a 5-level decomposition in order to obtain a PSNR between 35 and 55 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-transportation-problem-we-look-7ihygnel.png Figure 4. Illustration of the transportation problem: we look for an optimal transport map T∗ : X̃ → Ỹ with X̃ ∼ µ and Ỹ ∼ ν which minimizes the cost c : X̃ × Ỹ → R+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-embedding-functions-e-with-nv-1-and-m-0-0-the-2a5qatua.png Figure 5. Embedding functions e with Nv = 1 and m(0) = 0. The Hungarian algorithm is run with Nm = 1, 000. We can see that the mapping provided by the Hungarian method is inaccurate for values above the maximum value of the empirical distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-presents-one-of-the-2-000-images-of-512x512-pixels-2auj5g3h.png Figure 11. Host image (a), Watermarked image using the NW modulation with constant embedding (CE) (b), the TNW modulation with CE (c) and the TNW modulation with multiplicative embedding (ME) (d). Parameters : combination = [1 2], Nt = 512, Nv = 256, Nc = 16. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-transceiver-design-for-wiretap-channels-with-side-54zxzzflon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wiretap-channel-with-side-information-the-side-up8tk23n.png Fig. 1. Wiretap channel with side information. The side information fside(J) restricts the message to the subset J̃ ⊆ Jn with |J̃ | ≥ 2. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-tracking-control-for-uncertain-nonlinear-systems-6qb7idder7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-control-cost-under-different-controllers-1wz40ptd.png Figure 8: Control cost under different controllers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-simulation-results-of-the-cost-index-j-2jsd1z0a.png Figure 10: Simulation results of the cost index J . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-responses-of-z2-under-different-controllers-2aajk240.png Figure 7: Time responses of z2 under different controllers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulation-results-under-the-fixed-nn-weights-34u3hyzj.png Figure 9: Simulation results under the fixed NN weights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-responses-of-th2-and-th3-with-and-without-3dmoq9ut.png Figure 4: Time responses of θ̂2 and θ̂3 with and without projection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-responses-of-e1-under-different-controllers-3rm5nxdd.png Figure 5: Time responses of e1 under different controllers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-responses-of-th-under-aoc-2paxcjcf.png Figure 3: Time responses of θ̃ under AOC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-responses-of-e2-under-different-controllers-2a655wt3.png Figure 6: Time responses of e2 under different controllers. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-virtual-array-length-under-position-imperfections-28ifmjm253 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-position-error-and-standard-deviation-using-58z0mdka.png Fig. 2. Simulated position error and standard deviation using dead reckoning for a typical IMU of consumer grade. Note that the distance is presented in the unit λ and after 5 seconds the estimated position error is approximately 0.6 λ with a standard deviation of 0.25 λ with λ = 16.7 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-upper-panel-shows-rmse-for-aoa-estimation-w-r-t-3ueckgs3.png Fig. 5. The upper panel shows RMSE for AoA estimation w.r.t. array size while the lower shows amplitude estimation. The lines indicate the level of SNR and phase drift in the simulation as [dB,◦/λ]. Note that RMSE of AoA deteriorates at array lengths larger than 25 λ, independently of SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-upper-panel-shows-rmse-for-aoa-the-lower-shows-25d3cyep.png Fig. 6. The upper panel shows RMSE for AoA, the lower shows RMSE for amplitude, both vs. SNR. The velocity of the receiver is chosen to 5 λ/s, the array length is 20 λ, and frequency error is 7.2◦/λ. For AoA the performance deteriorates rapidly for SNR below 5dB. For amplitude, the performance is decreasing slowly with worsening SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dead-reckoning-approach-using-an-imu-the-gyroscope-2ybswfta.png Fig. 1. Dead reckoning approach using an IMU. The gyroscope signal is integrated once to obtain orientation which is used for rotating the accelerometer signal from body coordinates to world coordinates. Gravity g is removed after rotation and the residual is integrated twice to obtain position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-fig-3-but-with-velocity-of-10-l-s-the-aoa-3ay11rql.png Fig. 4. Same as Fig. 3 but with velocity of 10 λ/s. The AoA shows no signs of deterioration with increasing length of the array. There is a small impact on the amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-upper-panel-shows-rmse-for-aoa-estimation-w-r-t-3omvquw6.png Fig. 3. The upper panel shows RMSE for AoA estimation w.r.t. array size while the lower shows RMSE of amplitude estimation. The velocity of the device is set to 5 λ/s and the SNR is 20 dB. The lines indicate the level of frequency error in the simulation. Note that RMSE of AoA and amplitude deteriorate at array lengths larger than 25 λ for all levels of frequency error. Also, a smaller frequency error allows a longer array size considering AoA RMSE, i.e., a similar RMSE is observed for an array length of 40 λ with a frequency error of 7.2 ◦/λ as at a length of 30 λ with 72 ◦/λ error. https://scispace.com/papers/optimisation-of-the-high-efficiency-deep-grinding-process-nw83emwi2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-0-surface-temperature-97t0r76y.png Figure 4.0 Surface Temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-0-infeasible-values-close-to-pareto-front-1r8eyh24.png Figure 8.0 Infeasible values close to pareto front https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-0-spea-using-solution-feasibility-as-third-18ignqui.png Figure 9.0 SPEA using solution feasibility as third objective https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-0-membership-functions-from-the-fes-1op2s4me.png Figure 3.0 Membership functions from the FES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-0-schematic-of-heat-flux-in-hedg-3c7wvlwz.png Figure 2.0 Schematic of Heat Flux in HEDG https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-0-parameters-for-algorithm-experiments-bcnkz25l.png Table 1.0 Parameters for algorithm experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-0-nsga-and-spea-pareto-front-estimatations-28uefdmo.png Figure 11.0 NSGA and SPEA pareto front estimatations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-0-nsga-and-spea-pareto-front-estimatations-1w57az5x.png Figure 14.0 NSGA and SPEA pareto front estimatations https://scispace.com/papers/optimised-scheduling-of-online-experiments-29w49fp27k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-datasets-3fhc616k.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of the datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-quality-of-the-scheduling-algorithms-measured-by-3u2qlbj5.png Table 4: The quality of the scheduling algorithms measured by Q(S) on the dataset of the interleaving experiments. The values in bold outperform other in the same scenario (T , #sample), p < 0.05 (except for UB). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-quality-of-the-scheduling-algorithms-measured-by-bk7iyh31.png Table 5: The quality of the scheduling algorithms measured by Q(S) on the dataset of A/B tests. The values in bold outperform other with the same exploration step size (except for UB), p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quality-q-s-of-the-best-schedulers-as-the-number-of-1bqrns43.png Figure 1: Quality Q(S) of the best schedulers as the number of the user sessions available grows, measured on the interleaving dataset. PGBM 0.0 and PGBM 0.10 are almost indistinguishable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-the-scheduling-algorithms-measured-by-2ny0qxj4.png Table 2: Performance of the scheduling algorithms, measured by AUC on the dataset of interleaving experiments. The values in bold outperform other values in the same row, p < 0.05 (excluding UB). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-the-scheduling-algorithms-measured-by-33wjb3dl.png Table 3: Performance of the scheduling algorithms, measured by AUC on the dataset of A/B tests. The value in bold outperforms other values with the same exploration step size (excluding UB), p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/optimising-the-time-based-design-structure-matrix-using-a-3qeqxfxcko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coupling-densities-2qwgcvnf.png Table 1.: Coupling densities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-selection-for-different-multipliers-3dgeur4p.png Figure 2.: Probability of selection for different multipliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sub-population-size-versus-fitness-and-run-time-207t5awq.png Figure 5.: Sub-population size versus fitness and run time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-todds-solution-todd-1997-and-b-dahas-solution-fiavwdzw.png Figure 11.: (a) Todd’s solution (Todd 1997) and (b) DaHA’s solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-scotts-dsm-solution-scott-1999-and-b-dahas-dsm-7bd66gei.png Figure 12.: (a) Scott’s DSM solution (Scott 1999) and (b) DaHA’s DSM solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-dsm-size-and-coupling-density-on-number-tia0qjfk.png Figure 4.: Effect of DSM size and coupling density on number of sub-populations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-convergence-threshold-versus-fitness-run-time-2brvxpdc.png Figure 9.: Convergence threshold versus fitness, run time, generations to converge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-qian-et-al-s-solution-qian-et-al-2011-and-b-3p4tzd45.png Figure 14.: (a) Qian et al.’s solution (Qian et al. 2011) and (b) DaHA’s solution. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-and-evaluation-of-shortest-path-queries-diev700p87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-example-of-a-partial-source-augmented-x-hop-vqbamzhd.png Figure 6: An Example of A Partial Source-Augmented x-Hop Sketch Graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-average-calculation-time-and-i-o-per-query-on-1nh23hw4.png Figure 23: Average Calculation Time and I/O per Query on East5 Database for Different Algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-average-calculation-time-for-finding-1z41ssw8.png Figure 16: Comparison of Average Calculation Time for Finding a Skeleton Path with Different Cache Sizes of Distance Vector Database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-average-calculation-time-for-different-cache-sizes-m2y38o5g.png Figure 12: Average Calculation Time for Different Cache Sizes of East5 Distance Database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exhaustive-comparing-algorithm-39j7gc9s.png Figure 2: Exhaustive Comparing Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-average-query-evaluation-time-on-connecticut-frterhjb.png Figure 19: Average Query Evaluation Time on Connecticut Database with DiskSPXHOP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-calculation-time-per-query-for-different-1t3gjdqj.png Figure 13: Average Calculation Time Per Query for Different Cache Sizes for Distance Vector Database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-average-number-of-boundary-nodes-closed-per-query-v1rwspyq.png Figure 15: Average Number of Boundary Nodes Closed Per Query With and Without Pruning on Different Fragment-Sized Connecticut Databases https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-based-energy-management-strategies-for-electric-3ls04e4tex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fuel-cell-secondary-storage-element-architecture-bi1aatjk.png Fig. 1. Fuel cell/secondary storage element architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hydrogen-flow-phh2-simulated-values-obtained-using-l0mmkvoy.png Fig. 2. Hydrogen flow φH2 : simulated values obtained using Pukrushpan’s model (*), polynomial approximation (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-multi-source-system-limits-and-parameters-32p0b2n6.png TABLE II MULTI-SOURCE SYSTEM LIMITS AND PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vehicle-parameters-34i5gbb2.png TABLE I VEHICLE PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-energy-management-strategies-comparison-a2ccd40f.png TABLE III ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dp-a-fuel-cell-power-b-supercapacitor-sate-of-energy-25neo177.png Fig. 4. DP: (a) Fuel cell power, (b) Supercapacitor sate of energy (SoE) (solid line), admissible space Ω (dash-dot line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ecms-a-fuel-cell-power-b-supercapacitor-sate-of-energy-1zqt4riw.png Fig. 5. ECMS: (a) Fuel cell power, (b) Supercapacitor sate of energy (SoE). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-artemis-driving-cycle-3t1brjnw.png Fig. 3. Artemis driving cycle https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-anti-wear-and-anti-bacterial-properties-of-1ta7fevcve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-om-images-of-the-cross-sectioned-surfaces-of-dc20-31patjj0.png Figure 12. OM images of the cross-sectioned surfaces of DC20 and DC100 after the pin-on-disc tribometry tests highlighting the locations of wear tracks in the cross-sections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-fbs-solutions-collected-from-the-bm-and-laser-2l4epe0e.png Figure 13. The FBS solutions collected from the BM and laser-nitrided samples after the pin-ondisc tribometry tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-3d-and-2d-surface-images-and-b-the-2d-20240g1g.png Figure 5. (a) The 3D and 2D surface images and (b) the 2D roughness profiles of the untreated BM and different laser-nitrided samples measured by WLI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-cof-vs-sliding-distance-for-the-bm-and-laser-4b3gb16t.png Figure 8. The COF vs sliding distance for the BM and laser-nitrided samples throughout the sliding tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-schematic-of-the-possible-wear-behaviours-3ayqulgg.png Figure 16. A schematic of the possible wear behaviours happened during the sliding tests for BM, partially and fully covered surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-laser-nitrided-tinb-alloy-plate-treated-under-ajg4yqk1.png Figure 1. Laser-nitrided TiNb alloy plate treated under different duty cycles (from 5% to 100%, n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-z-average-size-of-the-wear-debris-in-the-fbs-96zkg7eo.png Figure 15. The Z-average size of the wear debris in the FBS solution collected from the BM and laser-nitrided samples. The pristine FBS (or serum) was used as a control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-mean-coefficients-of-friction-cof-of-the-1o2hn915.png Figure 9. The mean coefficients of friction (COF) of the untreated BM and laser-nitrided samples. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-biomass-pellet-size-and-polygalacturonase-2xlzq35b65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-face-centered-central-composite-design-3hx8rpo3.png Table 1 Results of face centered central composite design for the first optimization step in shake flask experiments conducted at 30 ◦C for 96 h of incubation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-table-of-analysis-of-variance-for-the-second-fsqwnwid.png Table 4 Table of analysis of variance for the second optimization step in shake flask experiments conducted at 30 ◦C for 96 h of incubationa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-face-centered-central-composite-design-2dwdkqxr.png Table 2 Results of face centered central composite design for the second optimization step in shake flask experiments conducted at 30 ◦C for 96 h of incubation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-variance-for-the-first-optimization-step-3iz8wdg4.png Table 3 Analysis of variance for the first optimization step in shake flask experiments conducted at 30 ◦C for 96 h of incubationa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-experimental-and-predicted-values-for-pg-3hsfu3un.png Table 5 Results of experimental and predicted values for PG activity and biomass at optimum conditions https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-extruder-cooking-conditions-for-the-19tsv0lwyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-of-extrudates-processed-under-treatment-fkj1mtml.png TABLE 3 Properties of extrudates processed under treatment combinations of the various runs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-single-screw-extruder-1e8o91mg.png FIGURE 1 Schematic representation of single screw extruder https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-variance-for-floatability-expansion-38hfd47j.png TABLE 4 Analysis of variance for floatability, expansion ratio, bulk density and durability index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surface-plots-for-the-effects-of-temperature-and-19i8986s.png FIGURE 4 Surface plots for the effects of temperature and die diameter at constant feed conditioning time of 100 s on water absorption index (a), water solubility index (b), water stability (c), and in-vitro protein digestibility (d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimization-plot-for-in-vitro-protein-37y61eby.png FIGURE 6 Optimization plot for in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), water stability (WS), water solubility index (WSI), and floatability with respect to temperature (mm) and feed conditioning time (s) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-arrangement-of-box-behnken-design-and-2w2x0kys.png TABLE 1 Experimental arrangement of Box–Behnken design and the treatment combinations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-plots-for-the-effects-of-die-diameter-and-3d34gpdo.png FIGURE 5 Surface plots for the effects of die diameter and feed conditioning time (s) at constant barrel temperature of 120 C on water absorption index (a), water solubility index (b), water stability (c), and in-vitro protein digestibility (d) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-variance-for-water-absorption-index-3khfw3b9.png TABLE 5 Analysis of variance for water absorption index, water solubility index, water stability, and in-vitro protein digestibility https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-integrated-electro-absorption-modulated-3c9962a50p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-section-of-eam-electrodes-illustrating-circuit-2cpxe2u5.png Fig. 3. a) A section of EAM electrodes illustrating circuit elements. b) Elements of distributed equivalent circuit model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ansoft-hfss-simulation-setup-for-the-eam-electrode-177ck4l4.png Fig. 2. Ansoft HFSS simulation setup for the EAM electrode arrangement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-electrical-to-optical-transmission-characteristics-for-3pw0thzl.png Fig. 8. Electrical to optical transmission characteristics for EML structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-em-simulated-and-modeled-electrical-31rrind3.png Fig. 7. Comparison of EM simulated and modeled electrical reflection and transmission responses for the EML structure (option 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-view-of-the-integrated-eml-structure-option-1-15j2y98a.png Fig. 1. 3D view of the integrated EML structure (option 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-em-simulated-and-modeled-rlgc-parameters-1ahlk4oq.png Fig. 4. Comparison of EM simulated and modeled RLGC parameters for EAM electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-equivalent-circuit-model-for-eml-bandwidth-estimation-ljcs0x7y.png Fig. 5. Equivalent circuit model for EML bandwidth estimation. Insert shows distributed equivalent circuit model for electrode arrangement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expanded-view-showing-eam-region-details-for-ansoft-j12ph0yq.png Fig. 6. Expanded view showing EAM region details for Ansoft HFSS integrated EML simulation setup. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-pamam-gold-nanoparticle-conjugation-for-gene-28ryadcbdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-alamarblue-metabolic-activity-assay-of-skbr3-cells-mfk66y3f.png Fig. 8. AlamarBlue metabolic activity assay of SkBr3 cells treated with pH 4.7 and sMUA AuPAMAM particles complexed with DNA at various MRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fluorescence-microscopic-images-10-x-of-gfp-gene-1wh3vdya.png Fig. 6. Fluorescence microscopic images (10 ×) of GFP gene expression in SkBr3 cells using AuG3 to AuG5 synthesized by the pH 4.7 and sMUA methods. Left column represents DNA:AuPAMAM MR. Images were taken 48 h after transfection. Scale bars represent 200 microns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-transfection-index-ti-of-ph-4-7-and-smua-aupamam-1qf1bj6h.png Fig. 9. Transfection Index (TI) of pH 4.7 and sMUA AuPAMAM measures the product of gene expression and viability normalized to the control. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-protocols-for-iberian-red-deer-cervus-qyva8smdl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-parameters-for-y-chromosome-bearing-sperm-1abotn7c.png Table 2: Quality parameters for Y-chromosome bearing sperm population sorting in each experimental group. 578 % FDA+: Percentage of dead spermatozoa identified as those spermatozoa counter-stained with food dye (FDA); 579 Splitting Ability: Percentage of samples showing split after staining treatment; Oriented Spermatozoa: Spermatozoa 580 correctly oriented; Separated Sperm: Percentage of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa selected and sorted from the 581 correctly oriented; Sorting Rates: Number of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa sorted per second. Data are expressed 582 as the LS MEAN ± SEM. 583 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-splitting-ability-histograms-created-by-summit-3ngt5n5f.png Figure 1: Splitting Ability. Histograms, created by SUMMIT computer software after 609 flow cytometric detection of Hoechst 33342-stained spermatozoa fluorescence, 610 corresponding to samples from group 1 (A) and 6 (B), showing a poor and good 611 resolution of X and Y sperm populations (Splitting Ability), respectively. 612 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sperm-quality-prior-freezing-percentages-of-motile-3us5ygm9.png Figure 2: Sperm quality prior freezing: Percentages of motile (A) and viable (B) 614 spermatozoa in sorted (Groups 2, 5 and 6) and control samples, evaluated after sorting 615 and at 5ºC (at the end of the equilibration step). Data are LS MEAN±SEM 616 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-motile-and-viable-sperm-in-the-3c4p9z33.png Table 1: Percentage of motile and viable sperm in the different experimental 554 groups upon arrival at the flow cytometry laboratory 555 Data are expressed as the LS MEAN ± SEM. 556 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-post-thaw-values-of-parameters-assessed-in-sorted-ewij9i1v.png Table 3. Post-thaw values of parameters assessed in sorted and control sperm 589 samples 590 Group 2: Sorted sperm from samples stained before transport (400 x 106 sperm/mL; 5.2 591 μL of H-42; 20% EY during transport; 5% EY during sorting); Group 5: Sorted sperm 592 from unstained samples (800 x 106 sperm/mL; 1.3 μL of H-42; 20% EY during 593 transport; 2.5% EY during sorting); Group 6: Sorted sperm from unstained samples 594 (800 x 106 sperm/mL; 2.6 μL of H-42; 20% EY during transport; 2.5% EY during 595 sorting). VAP: Average path velocity; LIN: Linearity; STR: Straightness; ALH: 596 Amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF: Beat cross frequency; Viability (YO-597 PRO-1-/PI-): Viable, intact plasmalemma, normal permeability; Apoptosis (YO-PRO-598 1+/PI-): Apoptotic-like, increased membrane permeability. Data are expressed as the LS 599 MEAN ± SEM. 600 https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-solid-oxide-cells-and-stacks-for-reversible-4y25gbyoy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-long-term-stabilities-at-85-ru-700oc-30xv9dpa.png Figure 2. Comparison of long-term stabilities at 85% RU, 700oC at 0.6 Acm-2 in SOFC mode and -1.2 Acm-2 in SOEC mode: two 400-B-SM cells tested with synthetic vs. compressed air (cell 2 tested at -0.9 Acm-2 in SOEC mode) (a) two RND21 cells tested in constant vs. reversible operation (b) ALD cell tested for 250 h in SOFC mode and 250 h in SOEC mode and thereafter under reversible operation (tested 80% RU) (c) pO2 measurement of outlet fuel gas of an ALD and RND21 cell (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eis-were-measured-at-700oc-at-a-fuel-gas-13r4av4w.png Figure 3. EIS were measured at 700oC at a fuel gas composition with 50/50 H2/H2O and air at OCV before testing (=start) and after testing (=final). Nyquist plot (top) and DRT representation (bottom) of both measurements are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-asr-evolutions-as-a-function-of-inlet-gas-flow-with-2jl3t5sr.png Figure 7. ASR evolutions as a function of inlet gas flow with 90/10 H2O/H2 on fuel side and air on oxygen side, recorded in SOEC mode at SRU level before and after design modification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cell-specifications-modifications-compared-to-11hzlxpb.png Table I. Cell specifications (modifications compared to reference in bold) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-soec-mode-iv-curves-recorded-at-2kscml5m.png Figure 4. Comparison of SOEC mode IV curves recorded at 800°C, with 90/10 H2O/H2 on fuel side (12 Nml min-1 cm-²) and air on oxygen side; curves with one Elcogen 530-B cells based stack and three Elcogen 400-B cells based stack (25 cells) are presented; the average cell voltage is presented for all stacks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pressure-drop-evolution-at-800degc-as-a-function-of-227qwvwq.png Figure 5. Pressure drop evolution at 800°C as a function of the inlet air flow rate before design modification as measured at SRU level; and after design modification at 25-cell stack level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-i-v-curves-in-soec-mode-at-800degc-with-90-10-h2o-1apjk1at.png Figure 6. i-V curves in SOEC mode at 800°C with 90/10 H2O/H2 on fuel side (12 Nml min - 1 cm-²) and air on oxygen side, recorded at SRU level before and after design modification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-contribution-towards-the-total-cell-impedance-of-1kkt3oix.png Table II. Contribution towards the total cell impedance of individual electrodes and physical processes obtained via CNLS equivalent circuit modelling fit. EIS measurements were conducted at 50/50 H2O/H2 and air at OCV at 700 oC. Based on the gas-conversion impedance the given resistances show an uncertainty of approximately ± 8%. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-sparse-matrix-vector-multiplication-on-5gjf1v8x5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effective-spmv-performance-not-raw-flop-rate-on-2sg392ek.png Figure 4: Effective SpMV performance (not raw flop rate) on (from top to bottom) AMD X2, Clovertown, Niagara, and Cell, showing increasing degrees of single-core optimizations — prefetching (PF), register blocking (RB) and cache-blocking (CB) (denoted as *) — as well as performance on increasing numbers of cores, and multiple-socket (full system) optimized results. OSKI and OSKI-PETSc results are denoted with circles and triangles. Note: Bars show the best performance for the current subset of optimizations/parallelism. The LP matrix could not be run on the PS3; the 6 SPE QS20 data is shown instead. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-spmv-optimizations-attempted-in-our-3kst7yk7.png Table 2: Overview of SpMV optimizations attempted in our study for the x86 (AMD X2 and Clovertown), Niagara2, and Cell architectures. Notes: 1PF/DMA (Prefetching or Direct Memory Access), 2sparse cache blocking, 3sparse cache blocking for DMA, 4Pthreads, 5libspe 2.0, 6via Linux scheduler, 7via libnuma, 8via Solaris bind, 92x1 and larger, 10implemented but resulted in no significant speedup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compressed-sparse-row-csr-storage-and-a-basic-csr-3d6ni6ob.png Figure 1: Compressed sparse row (CSR) storage, and a basic CSR-based SpMV implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-architectural-summary-of-amd-opteron-x2-intel-29jxe033.png Table 1: Architectural summary of AMD Opteron X2, Intel Clovertown, Sun Niagara2, and STI Cell multicore chips. Sustained power measured via digital power meter. ∗Each of the two thread groups may issue up to one instruction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-architectural-comparison-of-the-median-matrix-1wjvke6l.png Figure 5: Architectural comparison of the median matrix performance showing (a) GFlop/s rates of OSKI and optimized SpMV on single-core, full socket, and full system and (b) relative power efficiency computed as total full system Mflop/s divided by sustained full system Watts (see Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sustained-bandwidth-and-computational-rate-for-a-or3cv0bs.png Table 3: Sustained bandwidth and computational rate for a dense matrix stored in sparse format, in GB/s (and percentage of configuration’s peak bandwidth) and GFlop/s (and percentage of configuration’s peak performance). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-sparse-matrices-used-in-evaluation-160z4b2a.png Figure 3: Overview of sparse matrices used in evaluation study. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-wind-power-producer-participation-in-1nti9a1fnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wp-scenarios-and-average-scenario-black-line-3rqq76wq.png Fig. 4. WP scenarios and average scenario (black line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-electricity-price-average-black-line-rigth-price-1n70jv8h.png Fig. 2. Left: Electricity price (average - black line); Rigth: price ratios: positive (blue lines), https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-procedure-for-wp-producer-bidding-strategy-3ueni4a2.png Fig. 1. Procedure for WP producer bidding strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-discharged-energy-and-day-ahead-market-price-zxxvvs0f.png Fig. 7. Discharged energy and day-ahead market price. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-traded-and-day-ahead-market-price-2bz9rw9m.png Fig. 5. Energy traded and day-ahead market price. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-stored-and-day-ahead-market-price-2i18bzyc.png Fig. 6. Energy stored and day-ahead market price. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-update-intervals-in-dead-peer-detection-1qe3d2icc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-simulation-with-real-data-3e1o0alf.png Figure 11 Simulation with real data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-day-and-week-activity-3nz1jl60.png Figure 7 Day and week activity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transformation-function-1gv06n94.png Figure 5 Transformation function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-terminology-29ftyssc.png Figure 2 Terminology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-update-time-points-and-event-pdf-2fbstz39.png Figure 1 Update time points and event PDF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-event-intervals-case-a-1-35b5p99z.png Figure 8 Event intervals case A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-update-interval-values-case-a-1-35d22bt5.png Figure 10 Update interval values, case A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histogram-case-a-1-2rs5l1vs.png Figure 9 Histogram case A.1 https://scispace.com/papers/optimized-modular-multiplication-for-supersingular-isogeny-j0rhu5t4h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-ffm-hardware-results-7r5vwi5w.png TABLE 2: Comparison of FFM Hardware Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-transforming-process-of-the-operands-where-the-2cvqjb8b.png Fig. 1: The transforming process of the operands, where the radix is: R = 2a/23b/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-pipeline-structure-of-a-full-multiplication-2arnhvde.png Fig. 3: The pipeline structure of a full multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-proposed-hardware-architecture-for-ffm1-ygwelh6w.png Fig. 2: The proposed hardware architecture for FFM1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-sidh-software-and-hw-sw-codesign-3p8rtscz.png TABLE 3: Comparison of the SIDH Software and HW/SW Codesign Implementations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-comparison-of-hardware-architectures-with-2ny4ptfa.png TABLE 1: The Comparison of Hardware Architectures with Different Sizes of Multiplier of the FFM2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-proposed-hardware-architecture-for-ffm2-oz3z2683.png Fig. 4: The proposed hardware architecture for FFM2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-breaking-2n-x-2n-multiplication-into-n-xn-1n2ftv0b.png Fig. 5: Breaking 2N × 2N multiplication into N ×N multiplications: R = 2N . https://scispace.com/papers/optimized-schwarz-methods-for-the-time-harmonic-maxwell-1grw43uivm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-solutions-of-the-min-max-problem-for-different-2czh1w9x.png Fig. 5.1. Solutions of the min-max problem for different values of y, ξmin and ξmax. (a) : y = 12.5, ξmin = 0.5, ξmax = 100, (b) : y = 125.5, ξmin = 0.5, ξmax = 100, (c) : y = 157, ξmin = 3.5, ξmax = 24, (d) : y = 157, ξmin = 3.6, ξmax = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-convergence-factor-comparisons-of-different-2flo3aoj.png Fig. 5.2. Convergence factor comparisons of different algorithms for ω = 2π, σ = 2 and µ = ε = 1, for both non-overlapping (L = 0) (left figure) and overlapping (L = h = 1 30 ) (right figure) cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-asymptotic-convergence-factor-and-optimal-choice-3a0dbg7r.png Table 5.1 Asymptotic convergence factor and optimal choice of the parameters in the transmission conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-domain-decomposition-into-two-subdomains-12wv8xec.png Fig. 3.1. Domain decomposition into two subdomains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-convergence-factor-rcla-of-the-classical-schwarz-31ehevuh.png Fig. 3.2. Convergence factor ρcla of the classical Schwarz method as a function of |k|, for L = 0, ω = 2π, σ = 2 and µ = ε = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-iteration-number-comparison-for-the-wave-3v3r8k3v.png Table 6.1 Iteration number comparison for the wave propagation problem in a subsurface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-number-of-iterations-against-the-mesh-size-h-to-3lio1mat.png Fig. 6.1. Number of iterations against the mesh size h, to attain a relative residual reduction of 10−8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-configuration-of-a-subsurface-cx7t28xo.png Fig. 6.2. Configuration of a subsurface https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-barrier-synchronization-on-armv8-many-core-4ueefetw33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-core-to-core-latencies-ns-on-thunderx2-25b27bsb.png Table II CORE-TO-CORE LATENCIES(NS) ON THUNDERX2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-core-to-core-latencies-ns-on-phytium-2000-1rc3guo0.png Table I CORE-TO-CORE LATENCIES(NS) ON PHYTIUM 2000+ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-barrier-performance-of-the-gnu-gcc-and-llvm-ogm94qtn.png Figure 6. The barrier performance of the GNU GCC and LLVM OpenMP implementation on three ARMv8 multi-cores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-core-to-core-latencies-ns-on-kunpeng920-bj4xqnti.png Table III CORE-TO-CORE LATENCIES(NS) ON KUNPENG920 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-overhead-comparison-between-static-f-way-original-2fgc6hys.png Figure 11. Overhead comparison between static f-way (original), padding static f-way (fill per flag to an entire cache line) and padding static 4-way (fan-in is 4) tournament algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-overhead-comparison-between-three-wake-up-methods-2wiuyz6y.png Figure 12. Overhead comparison between three wake-up methods including global sense, the binary tree and the NUMA-aware tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-overhead-of-static-f-way-tournament-barrier-with-3s73ledl.png Figure 13. Overhead of static f-way tournament barrier with different fan-in on the three ARMv8 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overhead-comparison-between-different-barrier-1vv62qs6.png Figure 7. Overhead comparison between different barrier algorithms on the evaluated ARMv8 platforms. https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-energy-harvesting-for-foot-based-wearable-sensors-unhrkr3bpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screenshot-of-the-energy-harvester-gui-1bpmjnou.png Fig. 1. Screenshot of the energy harvester GUI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-profile-of-a-ble-packet-and-a-footstep-with-the-3lg3vdmw.png Fig. 4. Power profile of a BLE packet and a footstep, with the harvester placed on the lower leg and on the foot. Note that foot power profile lasts for around 40 ms, while the lower leg profile continues off scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fourier-transform-of-the-input-acceleration-data-for-1p2njzce.png Fig. 3. Fourier transform of the input acceleration data for one record with the accelerometer placed on the foot and the lower leg. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mean-figures-from-the-5-records-with-the-energy-109s7ndc.png TABLE I MEAN FIGURES FROM THE 5 RECORDS WITH THE ENERGY HARVESTER IN FOOT AND LOWER LEG LOCATIONS, USING THE HARVESTER PARAMETERS LISTED IN SECTION III-A. HARVESTER PARAMETERS (PARTICULARLY Q FACTOR) ARE THE SAME FOR ALL CASES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-data-from-the-foot-top-and-lower-leg-bottom-1a6taog0.png Fig. 2. Example data from the foot (top) and lower leg (bottom) showing input acceleration data, proof mass displacement, and output power during a normal walk at 3.5 km/h. Annotations in (c) indicate the duration and average power in each peak. https://scispace.com/papers/optimized-wang-landau-sampling-of-lattice-polymers-ground-2qpcamd3jv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-mean-square-error-nmse-of-dos-estimates-for-2x48zv5w.png FIG. 2. Normalized mean square error (NMSE) of DOS estimates for an HP 20mer on the square lattice as a function of modification factor f and flatness criterion p. (Top) NMSE of g(Emin = −9) vs ln f for several p. (Bottom) NMSE over the entire energy range for two pairs of ln ffinal and p. The solid lines show the entire NMSE (error bars smaller than symbol size) and the dotted lines (triangles) show the bias terms only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-normalized-mean-square-error-nmse-of-our-22lnvi1t.png FIG. 2. Normalized mean square error (NMSE) of DOS estimates for an HP 20mer on the square lattice as a function of modification factor f and flatness criterion p. (Top) NMSE of g(Emin = −9) vs ln f for several p. (Bottom) NMSE over the entire energy range for two pairs of ln ffinal and p. The solid lines show the entire NMSE (error bars smaller than symbol size) and the dotted lines (triangles) show the bias terms only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-4-for-several-benchmark-hp-sequences-on-1fm8evd5.png FIG. 6. Same as Fig. 4 for several benchmark HP sequences on the simple cubic lattice (3D). For sequence 3D88, the dashed line shows the specific heat (C/N) calculated from the DOS with energy range [−69, 0] only. For sequences 3D103 and 3D136, the DOS/observables have been only obtained for the energy ranges [−57, 0] and [−82, 0], respectively, because of the difficulty to sample the respective ground states. Since τ is very sensitive at low T, for sequences with N > 100, structural observables have been averaged from 50 independent WL production runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-performance-for-different-methods-on-a-1i4wv7s0.png TABLE I. Comparison of performance for different methods on a series of ten HP sequences with chain lengths N = 48 in 3D.56 Emin denotes the minimum energy reported by all methods. Columns 3–5 give the times (in minutes) between independent hits of Emin (thit). The last column depicts the WL convergence times of the DOS in the energy interval [Emin , 0] with ln ffinal = 10−8 and p = 0.8. For details of nPERMis and FRESS, see Refs. 18 and 23, respectively; for nPERMis, we only list the timings for the non-biased version. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-main-figure-same-as-fig-4-for-an-hp-67mer-on-the-3cuv3ukv.png FIG. 5. Main figure: Same as Fig. 4 for an HP 67mer on the simple cubic lattice (3D).60 The inset figure shows the canonical energy distribution, p(E), at the temperature where C takes its maximum in the sharp peak. Below, typical structures are shown at indicated temperatures and energies (kT/ , E). The native state of this sequence (Emin = −56) resembles an α/β-barrel in real proteins. The ground state and the structure with E = −48 correspond to the two maxima of the bimodal distribution of p(E) in the inset figure illustrating the significant conformational rearrangements taking place at the folding transition. Each of the small figures at the bottom shows the “winding walks” [si vs i, see Eq. (10)] of 10 structures at corresponding energies. For further explanations, see text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-performance-for-different-methods-on-2wxs395e.png TABLE II. Comparison of performance for different methods on benchmark HP sequences with N > 50 on square (2D) and simple cubic (3D) lattices. For each sequence, the original reference is cited. Columns 3–5 give the times (in hours, except otherwise stated) between independent hits of the respective energy minima Emin (thit). The last column gives the WL convergence times of the DOS in the energy interval [Emin , 0] with ln ffinal = 10−8 and p = 0.8. For details of nPERMis and FRESS, see Refs. 18 and 23, respectively. NA means no data available. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contact-map-density-of-ground-states-for-the-sequence-3akft55j.png FIG. 3. Contact map density of ground states for the sequence 2D100a (lower triangle, Emin = −48) and 2D100b (upper triangle Emin = −50), respectively. For each sequence, densities have been calculated from a sample of more than 10 000 contact maps of ground states contributed from 20 independent WL production runs. Only non-vanishing HH contact densities are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-mc-trial-moves-left-panel-pull-moves-a-3tgb5ypn.png FIG. 1. Illustration of MC trial moves. Left panel: Pull moves: (a) single-bead move (kink flip); (b) two-beads move; (c) internal multi-beads move; (d) chainterminal move; (e) chain-terminal move forming a “hook”; this move is not allowed (non-reversible). The dotted circles denote the primary (A) and secondary (B) displacement sites of monomers A and B, respectively. Subsequent monomers are then pulled sequentially to previously occupied sites until the chain reaches a new valid configuration. Right panel: Bond-rebridging moves: (f) chain internal move (“type 1” in Ref. 41) with two consecutive cut-and-join steps (in the intermediate stage, the chain is divided into a circular and a linear piece); (g) chain internal move (“type 2” in Ref. 41) with a single cut-and-join step; (h) chain-terminal move. Bond cutting and rejoining are marked with a cross and a dashed line, respectively. Note that cutting/rejoining steps may alter the HP sequence along the chain (indicated by beads colored in gray in the intermediate stages), so once the chain has moved to a new conformation, monomer types must be relabeled to ensure the same HP sequence. Double arrows indicate reversibility of moves. Examples have been adopted from Refs. 21, 40, and 41. https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-grouped-aggregation-in-geo-distributed-streaming-ngmafbm7rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distributed-model-for-a-typical-analytics-1x7qwo43.png Figure 1: The distributed model for a typical analytics service comprises a single center and multiple edges, connected by a wide-area network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eager-online-algorithms-2idtqxp2.png Figure 5: Eager online algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-aggregation-is-distributed-over-apache-storm-3ulk2m1g.png Figure 11: Aggregation is distributed over Apache Storm clusters at each edge as well as at the center. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-traffic-and-staleness-for-different-algorithms-k0slvxxs.png Figure 10: Traffic and staleness for different algorithms over a range of network capacities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cache-size-over-time-for-eager-and-lazy-offline-6x05w717.png Figure 6: Cache size over time for eager and lazy offline optimal algorithms. Sizes are normalized relative to the largest size for the given query. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-of-the-hybrid-algorithms-with-a-range-4zl08c1s.png Figure 8: Sensitivity of the hybrid algorithms with a range of α values to overpredicting the available network capacity. Staleness is normalized by window length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-performance-for-batching-streaming-optimal-and-our-16rhmub7.png Figure 14: Performance for batching, streaming, optimal, and our hybrid algorithm for the large query with low and high stream arrival rates using a six-edge Apache Storm deployment on PlanetLab. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-effect-of-laziness-parameter-a-using-a-three-edge-dlymvdnl.png Figure 15: Effect of laziness parameter α using a three-edge Apache Storm deployment on PlanetLab with query large. https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-magneto-optical-effects-in-the-ferromagnetic-hsf7oc516h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reflectance-as-a-function-of-sio2-thickness-at-the-18ii2yvr.png Fig. 6. Reflectance as a function of SiO2 thickness at the peak of Kerr rotation (=704 nm), for normal incidence (full line) and 20° incidence (dashed line). The dotted vertical line shows the value of the SiO2 thickness equal to a quarter wavelength in the SiO2 layer e=/(4n1). The inset shows the SiO2 thickness for minimum reflectance as a function of the wavelength (Eq. 2). https://scispace.com/papers/optimum-design-of-cold-formed-steel-portal-frame-buildings-3310zfawur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-parameters-used-to-define-semi-rigid-joints-of-portal-2wenbt0k.png Fig. 9 Parameters used to define semi-rigid joints of portal frame https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-progress-of-rc-nga-for-validating-with-exhaustive-p7pxmvl9.png Fig. 11 Progress of RC-NGA for validating with exhaustive enumeration method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-progress-of-rc-nga-for-reference-frame-with-fixed-37ld5aht.png Fig. 12 Progress of RC-NGA for Reference Frame with fixed topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-details-of-effective-length-of-semi-rigid-joints-15t6byr1.png Fig. 4 Details of effective length of semi-rigid joints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-details-of-considered-bolt-group-with-nine-bolts-tvyfb58w.png Fig. 3 Details of considered bolt-group with nine bolts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-percentage-of-each-component-for-one-bay-of-cold-2ieq0unh.png Fig. 15 Percentage of each component for one bay of cold-formed steel building https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-general-geometry-of-cold-formed-steel-portal-frame-xk8fn38z.png Fig. 5 General geometry of cold-formed steel portal frame https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-details-of-cold-formed-steel-z-section-steadmans-2012a-154bk5a9.png Fig. 6 Details of cold-formed steel Z-section (Steadmans 2012a) https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-scan-homogeneity-for-building-full-3d-lidars-3h1321umjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-puck-based-rmbl-and-b-hdl-32-based-rmbl-homogeneity-29346nnt.png Fig. 10. (a) Puck-based RMBL and (b) HDL-32-based RMBL: Homogeneity index η for different values of d and β and a hollow sphere with R = 20 m. The optimum is depicted as a red line; and the quasi-optimum (i.e., assuming d = 0) as a dashed magenta line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-frame-for-a-mbl-illustrated-for-a-puck-sensor-3twxoibc.png Fig. 1. Local frame for a MBL, illustrated for a Puck sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frames-for-a-generalized-rmbl-sensor-the-mbl-frame-is-1lazkvj6.png Fig. 2. Frames for a generalized RMBL sensor. The MBL frame is depicted in blue; the RMBL frame is in red; the additional DOF γ is in black; constant kinematic parameters d and β are in green. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hollow-sphere-patterns-for-the-hdl-32-a-b-10-b-b-20-c-12rjmny7.png Fig. 4. Hollow sphere patterns for the HDL-32: (a) β = 10◦, (b) β = 20◦, (c) β = 31◦, and (d) β = 35◦. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-manufacturer-specifications-for-the-puck-and-hdl-32-wwsga55h.png TABLE I MANUFACTURER SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE PUCK AND HDL-32 SENSORS [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hollow-sphere-patterns-for-the-puck-a-b-0-b-b-14-c-b-1x8v14s7.png Fig. 3. Hollow sphere patterns for the Puck: (a) β = 0◦, (b) β = 14◦, (c) β = 22◦, and (d) β = 35◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-puck-based-rmbl-k-kcsr-for-b-from-35-to-35-with-1-3p51e78u.png Fig. 5. Puck-based RMBL: K̂ − Kcsr for β from −35◦ to 35◦ with 1◦ increments. Bold lines indicate β = 0◦ (red), β = ±14◦ (blue), and β∗ = ±22.1◦ (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-puck-based-rmbl-representation-of-the-homogeneity-2uw7v4bq.png Fig. 6. Puck-based RMBL: Representation of the homogeneity index η for different β angles. https://scispace.com/papers/orbital-hub-a-concept-for-human-spaceflight-beyond-iss-279qr0rkw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-development-cost-by-sub-system-for-the-three-1h4a3jkh.png Figure 5: Total development cost by sub-system for the three modules in absolute values (top) and their cost share in the overall system cost (bottom) of the Base Platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overall-system-cost-including-module-development-26jzj8re.png Figure 6: Overall system cost including module development and wrap up costs for organisation and support for the first proto-flight module of the Base Platform in absolute values in FY16 M€. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-exemplary-flight-plan-for-the-orbital-hub-for-one-2bugbuks.png Figure 14: Exemplary flight plan for the Orbital Hub for one year of operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-design-requirements-for-the-base-platform-as-used-1k810snl.png Table 6: Design requirements for the Base Platform as used during the first CE study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-orbital-hub-cost-estimation-including-cost-for-35jcogwb.png Figure 15: Orbital Hub cost estimation including cost for operation and supply missions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cost-distribution-as-basis-for-the-parametric-cost-wfuw3d8f.png Figure 1: Cost distribution as basis for the parametric cost estimation including hardware matrix for testing and wrapping costs for organisation and support https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-base-platform-power-consumption-per-subsystem-and-8qp2xc6a.png Figure 4: Base Platform power consumption per subsystem and maximum generated power (horizontal line) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-requirements-for-the-concept-development-3nwka646.png Table 1: Initial requirements for the concept development workshop https://scispace.com/papers/orbital-advection-with-magnetohydrodynamics-and-vector-4jp59pt1n8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-of-the-mhd-orbital-algorithm-by-advection-of-a-1a64y6ws.png Figure 6. Test of the MHD orbital algorithm by advection of a field loop, a cylindrical coordinate adaptation of the test of Gardiner & Stone (2005). The upper panels show the magnetic potential, the lower ones the magnetic energy. The leftmost panels show the initial condition. The middle panels show the results after 20 revolutions of the field loop. The center-left panels are calculated with the orbital advection algorithm, the center-right ones without it. The rightmost panels show the difference between the results. The calculation without orbital advection results in significantly more numerical diffusion: one revolution takes about two timesteps with the algorithm, whereas the same time corresponds to over 200 timesteps otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-state-of-the-flow-at-100-orbits-of-a-jupiter-mass-2b9w5om2.png Figure 3. State of the flow at 100 orbits of a Jupiter-mass planet. The left panels show a Cartesian calculation at resolution 640×640. The cylindrical calculations are done in the inertial and corotational frame, which should be identical except for the timestep. Both use the orbital advection algorithm. The resolution in the Cartesian run is similar to the cylindrical ones. The evolution of outer vortices is different in the three realizations, which hints at differences in the excitation of the RWI due to different numerical dissipation in the different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-testing-the-different-hyperdissipation-schemes-the-sekry4qd.png Figure 4. Testing the different hyperdissipation schemes. The rows test different shock viscosity coefficients. The columns test different schemes: polar hyperdiffusion and mesh hyperdiffusion consider only the ∇6 term. Polar scales as dx4, whereas mesh is resolution independent, scaling as dx5. Strict solves the 2 2 2 formulation. Judging from the excitation of the RWI at the outer gap edge, a shock viscosity of 4 is the best choice, working on both polar and mesh. Mesh also works well at other values of shock viscosity (2 and 10, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-different-hyperdiffusion-99f4cwla.png Figure 5. Comparison between the different hyperdiffusion methods at lower resolution (256×768) against a reference solution at higher resolution (1024×3072). Shock viscosities of 1 and 2 show large deviations from the reference solution not only at the gap but also at the edges, with mass concentration in the inner edge. The gap gets progressively shallower as the shock viscosity increases, until converging at n = 20shock . This high value of artificial viscosity is undesirable, and we use n = 4shock instead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-evolved-state-of-the-mri-in-a-20trhvze.png Figure 8. Comparison of the evolved state of the MRI in a cylindrical domain, being a cut of the gas density field ρ at T=8 orbits. Shown are runs with our new azimuthal advection (top) and without (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dissipation-acting-on-a-scalar-field-ps-for-n-1-3crpc5xt.png Figure 9. Dissipation acting on a scalar field ψ, for n=1 (Laplacian dissipation) and n=3 (third-order hyperdissipation). The field is initially seeded with noise (upper panel). For n=3 the large scale is not affected as much as in the n=1 case, which is seen by the larger wiggling of the latter in the middle panel. In Fourier space (lower panel) we see that near the grid scale both formulations give strong dissipation. It also illustrates that at the large scales (k;1), the effect of n=3 is indeed negligible. The figure is reproduced from Lyra (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstration-of-the-third-order-accuracy-of-the-2mthyq8e.png Figure 1. Demonstration of the third-order accuracy of the time integration algorithm. Relative errors of the solution for each time step size are drawn as blue crosses, and a Dt3 reference slope is shown demonstrating that the numerical solution converges at third order with respect to the time discretization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-initial-evolution-of-the-mri-in-a-2b2ash8s.png Figure 7. Comparison of the initial evolution of the MRI in a cylindrical domain. Shown are runs with our new azimuthal advection (left) and without (right). The blue dashed line denotes three local orbital periods at each radius. https://scispace.com/papers/order-flows-and-the-exchange-rate-disconnect-puzzle-zp3a8efgn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-real-time-estimation-errors-2raffwd9.png Table 2: Summary Statistics: Real-Time Estimation Errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-real-time-estimation-errors-and-order-flows-3cgrv1ny.png Table 4: Real-Time Estimation Errors and Order Flows https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-order-flow-summary-statistics-32pql7mw.png Table 1: Order Flow Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-excess-returns-and-real-time-estimation-errors-o8q2rfjl.png Table 5: Excess Returns and Real-Time Estimation Errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-excess-returns-and-contemporaneous-order-flows-2af8d62p.png Table 3: Excess Returns and Contemporaneous Order Flows https://scispace.com/papers/organisational-psychosocial-hazard-exposures-in-uk-policing-3bylyk0a5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-respondents-demographic-29jlzx5c.png Table 1 Comparison of Respondents’ Demographic Characteristics with Police Officers employed by the Force as a Whole https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-scores-for-psychosocial-hazard-exposure-by-job-rxqetyxa.png Table 2 Mean scores for psychosocial hazard exposure by job role and rank compared to HSE benchmark data and targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-32o1kgmy.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/organization-information-maintenance-406s9vfeax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-eviction-procedure-framework-simplified-version-1i82p6ie.png Figure 1. An eviction procedure framework (simplified version) https://scispace.com/papers/organized-modes-and-the-three-dimensional-transition-to-59711sstkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pressure-coefficient-spectra-showing-the-period-24164zgb.png Figure 1. (a) Pressure coefficient spectra showing the period-doubling mechanism, and the corresponding attractors at (b) Re=800 and (c) 1300. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-a-the-shear-layer-wavelength-and-b-the-elb9q0n1.png Figure 3. Evolution of (a) the shear-layer wavelength and (b) the Strouhal number and the ratio Fsl/St , versus the Reynolds number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-instantaneous-iso-pressure-contours-spatial-view-of-11qi4uo1.png Figure 2. Instantaneous iso-pressure contours: spatial view of the shear-layer instability as Reynolds number increases: (a) 2000, (b) 3000, (c) 4000, (d) 5000, (e) 7000, (f ) 10 000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-evolution-of-a-the-spanwise-vorticity-zc9rb9yi.png Figure 6. Spatial evolution of (a) the spanwise vorticity component at Re=800 and (b) the pressure coefficient at Re=1200. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-the-two-and-three-dimensional-191w2bk7.png Figure 7. (a) Comparison of the two- and three-dimensional spanwise-averaged plan at Re=800, (b) normalized spanwise wavelength – comparison of cylinder wake (taken from Persillon & Braza 1998) and present study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-global-parameters-and-of-the-hu8ddnrp.png Figure 4. Evolution of the global parameters and of the spanwise velocity structure: (a) mean drag and lift coefficients versus Re (W95 denotes Williamson et al. 1995) and (b) time–space evolution of the W velocity component along the span, x/c=0.7, y/c=0.169, at Re=800. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-evolution-of-the-longitudinal-and-vertical-3o7t2kqc.png Figure 5. Spatial evolution of the longitudinal and vertical vorticity components, Re=800. https://scispace.com/papers/organization-of-auditory-cortex-in-the-albino-rat-sound-4lvozrhnlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-map-of-cfs-for-rat-20-symbols-are-same-as-in-fig-3-see-12z1639y.png FIG. 7. Map of CF’s for rat 20. Symbols are same as in Fig. 3. See Fig. 3 legend for definitions of abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-map-of-cfs-for-rat-14-symbols-are-same-as-in-fig-3-see-3zggoi9w.png FIG. 5. Map of CF’s for rat 14. Symbols are same as in Fig. 3. See Fig. 3 legend for definitions of abbreviations. https://scispace.com/papers/organizing-context-information-processing-in-dynamic-2mgf5ho5kt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cluster-stability-depending-on-the-probabilityp-of-1yeh68v0.png Fig. 2: Cluster stability depending on the probabilityp of correct detection of commoncontext and the probabilityq of correct detection ofdifferent contexts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-complex-activity-m-ount-the-front-door-consists-3134lgsv.png TABLE 1: THE COMPLEX ACTIVITY “M OUNT THE FRONT DOOR” CONSISTS OF7 BASIC OPERATIONS SENSED BY DIFFERENT DETECTOR NODES (PLACED AS INDICATED IN THE RIGHT COLUMN) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-sense-protocol-stack-architecture-with-gateway-3vqjsrji.png Fig. 1: e-SENSE protocol stack architecture with gateway extensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-titan-configures-an-application-task-graph-by-24cgcj3x.png Fig. 3: Titan configures an application task graph by assigning parts of the graph to participating sensor nodes depending on their processing capabilities https://scispace.com/papers/organohalogenated-contaminants-in-plasma-and-eggs-of-3x3w0482uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-of-concentrations-of-different-2p0zoysh.png Table 2. Correlations of concentrations of different pollutant compounds within female plasma during pre-laying, A-egg laying and B-egg laying 857 as well as within A- and B-eggs. 858 859 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-pollutant-concentrations-in-26c3lgrj.png Table 3. Correlations between pollutant concentrations in female plasma during the pre-861 laying period, at A-egg laying and B-egg laying and their A- and B-eggs as well as 862 correlations between pollutant concentrations in A- and B-eggs within clutches. N = 17 for A- 863 and B-eggs and the pre-laying period (df = 15), N = 13 for A-egg and B-egg laying dates (df = 864 11). 865 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-linear-models-testing-for-the-effects-1du0skm5.png Table 4. Results of the linear models testing for the effects of average pollutant 868 concentrations of the clutch (Clutch OHCs), female pollutant concentrations during pre-laying 869 (Female pre-lay OHCs) and the number of days between pre-laying capture and A-egg laying 870 capture (NDays) on female pollutant concentrations at A-egg laying. N = 13. 871 872 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ohc-concentrations-mean-se-in-the-blood-plasma-ng-ml-44bqz70v.png Table 1. OHC concentrations (mean ± SE) in the blood plasma (ng/mL) and yolk (ng/g lipid 851 weight) of rockhopper penguins from the Falkland Islands. "P" stands for the pre-laying 852 period before A-egg laying, "A" stands for the A-egg laying date and "B" stands for the B-egg 853 laying date. Cells show a dash (-) when the compound was below the limit of quantification 854 (LOQ) in more than 50% of the samples. "n.a." means not analysed. 855 https://scispace.com/papers/origin-of-salinity-variations-in-florida-bay-4j5a7ze362 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-the-a-salinity-vs-d18o-from-lignumvitae-basin-16tpfvbr.png Fig. 7. Plot of the (a) salinity vs. d18O from Lignumvitae Basin (Peterson Keys, Sta. 20; see Fig. 1) and (b) Joe Bay site (see Fig. 1). The intercept with the zero salinity yields the oxygen isotopic composition of the zero salinity end member. See Table 1 for values of intercept and regression coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intercepts-regression-coefficients-and-minimum-and-z89f9oz1.png Table 1. Intercepts, regression coefficients, and minimum and maximum intercepts (at 95% confidence limits) between salinity and oxygen isotopic composition. The regressions coefficients are statistically significant at the 99% confidence, with the exception of Old Dan Bank, which was statistically significant at the 95% confidence limits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-location-of-sites-in-florida-bay-in-2racpwq5.png Fig. 1. Map showing location of sites in Florida Bay in addition to sites from which surface waters, Everglades samples, and rainfall samples were collected in the Everglades. Numbers refer to sampling locations, which are listed in Table 1. Contours show mean salinity values in Florida Bay between October 1993 and January 1999. Salinity data are from Boyer et al. (1999). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-color-contour-map-of-the-intercept-between-d18o-and-1oglturt.png Fig. 8. (a) Color contour map of the intercept between d18O and salinity for Florida Bay. (b) Contour map of the intercept between d18O and salinity for Florida Bay that used water samples with salinity values ,36‰ only. (c) Contour map of the solution to Eq. 1 that used contours calculated in (a). Values are shown as percentage of freshwater derived from precipitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-series-of-the-oxygen-isotopic-composition-of-zy2l9n0e.png Fig. 4. Time series of the oxygen isotopic composition of surface water samples from the Everglades (Swart et al. 2001). Error bars represent 61 SD of the stations in either Shark or Taylor Slough (see Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-mean-d18o-and-dd-values-from-florida-bay-m63rpqm8.png Fig. 3. Plot of mean d18O and dD values from Florida Bay, precipitation, and mean monthly surface water samples from Shark and Taylor Slough (see Fig. 1) with respect to the MWL. The error bars on the data from the Everglades represent 61 SD of the values collected from the stations during a particular month. The intercept of the best-fit line with data from Florida Bay and the Everglades intercepts the MWL at values that are indistinguishable from local precipitation (Meyers et al. 1993; Price 2001; this study). The weighted means for d18O and dD of precipitation are 22.8‰ and 210.5‰, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-correlation-between-salinity-and-d18o-for-the-entire-2q0estth.png Fig. 2. (a) Correlation between salinity and d18O for the entire Florida Bay between 1993 and 1998. The data set shows a correlation coefficient of 0.65 (n 5 56, P . 0.01). Error bars represent 6 1 SD of the samples measured during a particular month. (b) Correlation between salinity and dD for the entire Florida Bay between October 1993 and January 1999. (r 5 0.495, n 5 56, P . 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-data-showing-the-behavior-of-oxygen-during-3llsx3cc.png Fig. 5. Model data showing the behavior of oxygen during evaporation (Gonfiantini 1986). The initial oxygen isotopic composition of the evaporating water in this model is 23‰. Under these environmental conditions (temperature, 23.58C; oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric water vapor, da, 28.5), the maximum oxygen isotopic composition that could be attained is approximately 12‰ under a relative humidity of 85%. The mean relative humidity in South Florida is 75%, although, during the summer, when the majority of evaporation occurs, the relative humidity can be significantly higher. https://scispace.com/papers/origin-of-the-core-level-binding-energy-shifts-in-au-38dc1liasx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-of-states-in-the-d-band-of-the-central-atom-in-2agdgqi3.png FIG. 4. Density of states in the d band of the central atom in nanoclusters with different number of atoms, where red dots denote the center of the d band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-densities-of-states-for-the-d-band-of-four-atoms-each-2x38wlaz.png FIG. 5. Densities of states for the d band of four atoms, each from one layer (central/first layer, second layer, third layer, surface/last layer) in an Au icosahedral nanocluster with 147 atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shifts-of-4f-states-in-108-cubic-au-nanocluster-with-2i7f3r1z.png FIG. 3. Shifts of 4f states in 108 cubic Au nanocluster with bulk lattice parameter on (100) facet (left) and its cross section (right). Colors of the atom correspond to the value of the shift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-au-4f-core-level-shift-as-a-function-of-the-size-of-a-1hw4mtjz.png FIG. 2. Au 4f core-level shift as a function of the size of a nanocluster within initial-state and complete screening approximations. The structures are fcc unrelaxed clusters, where the position of the 4f states is calculated for the central atom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cls-in-decahedral-nanoclusters-247-318-and-389-atoms-23fqdr39.png FIG. 8. CLS in decahedral nanoclusters: 247, 318, and 389 atoms. All atoms are colored corresponding to their CLS. Black bars denote calculated CLS. To facilitate comparisons with experimental data, a convolution of the CLS with a 0.05 eV Gaussian is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cls-in-octahedral-nanoclusters-38-116-and-201-atoms-2rbn1894.png FIG. 9. CLS in octahedral nanoclusters: 38, 116, and 201 atoms. All atoms are colored corresponding to their CLS. Black bars denote calculated CLS. To facilitate comparisons with experimental data, a convolution of the CLS with a 0.05 eV Gaussian is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-au-4f-core-level-shifts-of-atoms-with-different-3kup7swa.png FIG. 1. (a) Au 4f core-level shifts of atoms with different coordination (number of nearest neighbors). Reduced coordinations are obtained by cutting (124), (112), (100), and (111) surfaces. (b) Au 4f core-level shifts of atoms in bulk structure with distorted lattice parameter. Distortion is denoted in percent of the perfect bulk lattice parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cls-in-icosahedral-nanoclusters-55-147-and-309-atoms-p44x2eap.png FIG. 6. CLS in icosahedral nanoclusters: 55, 147, and 309 atoms. All atoms are colored corresponding to their CLS. Black bars denote calculated CLS. To facilitate comparisons with experimental data, a convolution of the CLS with a 0.05 eV Gaussian is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/origins-of-the-classical-gene-concept-1900-1950-genetics-5f8sds55d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1fp1tlng.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changing-agricultural-parameters-in-the-united-yfehwzmg.png Table 1 changing agricultural parameters in the united states, 1870–1970 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-475y9dyw.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/osmotic-dilution-for-sustainable-greenwall-irrigation-by-pdo5zm4q64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-a-fo-water-flux-using-either-0-5-m-3sirlar7.png Figure 1: Comparison of (A) FO water flux using either 0.5 M NaCl or 0.5 M NaCl with 2 g/L humic acid draw and (B) membrane transport parameters (A, B values) of pristine and humic acid draw membranes. Experimental conditions were: feed solution contains background electrolyte (20 mM NaCl and 1 mM NaCHO3); either 0.5 M NaCl or 0.5 M NaCl with 2 g/L humic acid was draw solution; cross-flow rates of both feed and draw solutions were 1 L/min (corresponding to cross-flow velocity of 9 cm/s); temperatures of feed and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-water-and-b-reverse-solute-k-nh4-po4-3-fluxes-as-2tg47g2c.png Figure 4: (A) Water and (B) reverse solute (K + , NH4 + , PO4 3- ) fluxes as a function of feed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-characteristics-of-raw-sewage-average-standard-1usn9ml3.png Table 2: Key characteristics of raw sewage (average ± standard deviation from duplicate sample) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-water-and-b-reverse-solute-k-nh4-po4-3-fluxes-as-3r7mjp17.png Figure 3: (A) Water and (B) reverse solute (K + , NH4 + , PO4 3- ) fluxes as a function of crossflow rate. Experimental conditions : Feed solution contained background electrolytes (20 mM NaCl and 1 mM NaHCO3). Draw solution was a commercially available liquid fertilizer diluted to 50% by deionized water. Cross-flow rates for both feed and draw solutions were 0.5 and 1 L/min, respectively (corresponding to cross-flow velocities of 4.5 and 9 cm/s, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-water-and-b-reverse-solute-k-nh4-po4-3-fluxes-as-1hwsrcqq.png Figure 2: (A) Water and (B) reverse solute (K + , NH4 + , PO4 3- ) fluxes as a function of commercially available liquid fertilizer concentration. Experimental conditions were feed solution contained background electrolytes (20 mM NaCl and 1 mM NaHCO3). Draw solution was commercially available liquid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer concentrations were 100%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. Cross-flow rate for both feed and draw solutions was 1 L/min (corresponding to cross-flow velocity of 9 cm/s); temperatures of both feed and draw solutions were 25 ±0.1 °C. Error bars represent standard deviation of duplication experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-characteristics-for-liquid-fertilizer-as-draw-39iyn9mf.png Table 1: Key characteristics for liquid fertilizer as draw solution (average ± standard deviation from duplicate sample) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-a-water-production-and-b-reverse-1ynun756.png Figure 5: Comparison of (A) water production and (B) reverse solute (K + , NH4 + , PO4 3- ) fluxes using liquid fertilizer draw solution from either clean or sewage feed (Table 2). Experimental conditions: feed solution was either background electrolyte (20 mM NaCl and 1 mM NaCHO3) or raw sewage (without pre-treatment). Draw solution was commercially https://scispace.com/papers/ospf-te-extensions-for-green-routing-in-optical-networks-12cvte75ty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-connection-blocking-rate-vs-time-f62daq22.png Fig. 3. Connection blocking rate vs Time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sub-tlvs-for-te-lsa-2ep6xspa.png TABLE I. SUB-TLVS FOR TE-LSA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hop-count-vs-time-1uymh5l8.png Fig. 2. Hop count vs Time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-level-co2-emission-units-vs-time-2qclgo94.png Fig. 1. Energy level (CO2 emission units) vs Time. https://scispace.com/papers/our-right-to-a-steady-ground-perceived-rights-violations-12kcvkoyqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-reported-intensity-of-the-earthquake-near-955uckpj.png Figure 1. The reported intensity of the earthquake near Huizinge taken from Dost and Kraaijpoel (2013, p. 18). Note. The original figure has been adapted: We projected the picture onto the map of the area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-analysis-predicting-intention-to-fortify-32n8n6f5.png Table 7. Regression Analysis Predicting Intention to Fortify One’s House. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-analysis-predicting-intention-to-move-2v2r0vin.png Table 8. Regression Analysis Predicting Intention to Move Away. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-predicting-disadvantaged-group-siwfx0jc.png Table 5. Regression Analysis Predicting Disadvantaged Group Identification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-analysis-predicting-collective-action-2a3kdnuf.png Table 6. Regression Analysis Predicting Collective Action Intentions Controlling for Demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-inhabitants-and-surveys-collected-2mp56g2c.png Table 2. Number of Inhabitants and Surveys Collected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-1cp6t2ey.png Table 1. Sample Characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-differences-in-impact-of-collective-rights-htk00r8e.png Figure 3. The differences in impact of collective rights violations on collective action intentions between most and least affected area. https://scispace.com/papers/out-of-domain-utterance-detection-using-classification-1y127oc5iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-automatic-meta-topic-clustering-1iil5gp2.png TABLE II AUTOMATIC META-TOPIC CLUSTERING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generated-meta-topic-clusters-for-evaluation-task-11mz8fz5.png Fig. 4. Generated meta-topic clusters for evaluation task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-speech-recognition-performance-for-mad-data-2jki5bz8.png TABLE X SPEECH RECOGNITION PERFORMANCE FOR MAD DATA https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-ood-detection-performance-on-transcriptions-and-asr-1g5zxw9l.png TABLE XI OOD DETECTION PERFORMANCE ON TRANSCRIPTIONS AND ASR RESULTS (MAD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evaluation-of-utterance-combination-mad-transcription-1nhfs9md.png Fig. 7. Evaluation of utterance combination (MAD; transcription). (a) Japanese side; (b) English side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-evaluation-of-topic-clustering-mad-transcription-1x3j3w4z.png TABLE IX EVALUATION OF TOPIC CLUSTERING (MAD; TRANSCRIPTION) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-training-corpus-for-mad-task-oi2iupsv.png TABLE VIII TRAINING CORPUS FOR MAD TASK https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definition-of-out-of-domain-ood-for-various-systems-3e2h469v.png TABLE I DEFINITION OF OUT-OF-DOMAIN (OOD) FOR VARIOUS SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/papers/outcomes-of-the-iowa-parent-partner-program-evaluation-3tce7n86vv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-parent-partner-cases-to-non-hoxr2bqu.png Table 4. Comparison of Parent Partner cases to non-participant cases on number and percentage of discharged children who returned home. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parent-partner-families-by-year-of-investigation-1cpu4vnl.png Table 2. Parent Partner families by year of investigation start. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-parent-partner-cases-to-non-21iq5ll3.png Table 3. Comparison of Parent Partner cases to non-participant cases on number of days in out-of-home placement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-parent-partner-cases-to-non-3ac5biyz.png Table 6. Comparison of Parent Partner cases to non-participant cases on number and percentage of reunified children who were subsequently removed within 24 months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-parent-partner-cases-to-non-33n01hv8.png Table 5. Comparison of Parent Partner cases to non-participant cases on number and percentage of reunified children who were subsequently removed within 12 months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-parent-partner-cases-to-non-30tyw6xl.png Table 1. Comparison of Parent Partner cases to non-participant cases quality of the match on the identified matching factors. https://scispace.com/papers/output-and-pollution-abatement-in-a-u-s-state-emission-it30txvlfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-1973-1994-cox6rdhs.png Table 4 Descriptive statistics (1973-1994) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-panel-data-unit-root-tests-3r9vq8m6.png Table 5 Panel data unit root tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-threshold-regression-estimates-1973-1994-1nfa59yn.png Table 2 Threshold regression estimates (1973-1994) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semiparametric-model-1973-1994-3lf7uwtr.png Table 1 Semiparametric model (1973-1994) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-output-on-nox-emissions-2lsa2ks1.png Figure 2 Effect of output on NOx emissions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parametric-estimation-results-1973-1994-2vrdtscg.png Table 3 Parametric estimation results (1973-1994) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-output-on-nox-emissions-abatement-1c3tlq86.png Figure 4 Effect of output on NOx emissions (abatement excluded) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-output-on-so2-emissions-abatement-3buhwd73.png Figure 3 Effect of output on SO2 emissions (abatement excluded) https://scispace.com/papers/outward-fdi-from-developing-country-mnes-as-a-channel-for-5fp5wdv9mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-100-mnes-worldwide-and-from-developing-countries-2sl9ri8e.png TABLE 1 TOP 100 MNES WORLDWIDE AND FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES https://scispace.com/papers/overcoming-barriers-to-using-precision-teaching-with-a-web-7syeubgu78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-decoding-efficiency-results-t1-to-t4-3j0ri246.png Table 3. Decoding efficiency results, T1 to T4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-affecting-implementation-2jml6eqe.png Table 2. Factors affecting implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-single-word-efficiency-results-t1-to-t4-3u64t63n.png Table 4. Single word efficiency results, T1 to T4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attrition-data-2cy52v01.png Table 1. Attrition data. https://scispace.com/papers/overconfident-investors-predictable-returns-and-excessive-3aod62xg56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monthly-turnover-and-annual-return-of-individual-3bzvik2m.png Figure 1: Monthly Turnover and Annual Return of Individual Investors Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth 775 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-to-a-unit-private-signal-static-and-36ssmntp.png Figure 5: Response to a unit private signal—static and dynamic overconfidence models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-2-separate-public-and-private-signals-11h5ewmm.png Figure 3: Model 2: Separate Public and Private Signals – Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-1-basic-one-signal-model-timeline-29x6kyl8.png Figure 2: Model 1: Basic One-Signal Model—Timeline https://scispace.com/papers/overtopping-studies-of-a-stepped-revetment-for-city-of-w9aaa2bapl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cross-section-of-plan-a2-agkr7y67.png Figure 11. Cross-section of Plan A2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-cross-section-of-shallow-water-toe-protection-35o4x4g6.png Figure 29. Cross-section of shallow-water toe protection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-cross-section-of-plan-c-11dn8hg7.png Figure 16. Cross-section of Plan C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-project-limits-for-chicago-shoreline-storm-damage-1bqad9wc.png Figure 1. Project limits for Chicago Shoreline Storm Damage Reduction Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cross-section-of-plan-a5-with-large-parapet-and-fqzfh9e7.png Figure 14. Cross-section of Plan A5 with large parapet and offshore reef https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-cross-section-of-plan-2-test-9-296gr8jt.png Figure 38. Cross-section of Plan 2 Test 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overtopping-rates-prototype-for-modifications-to-1bu0wqdm.png Table 3 Overtopping Rates (Prototype) for Modifications to Plans A, C, and D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-cross-section-of-plan-d2-22osl8j2.png Figure 20. Cross-section of Plan D2 https://scispace.com/papers/overview-of-short-circuit-contribution-of-various-4k8b8l40km 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classification-of-dg-units-1rknfrgo.png Fig. 1. Classification of DG units https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-equivalent-19uar7pw.png Fig. 2. Network equivalent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sc-current-during-a-3ph-bolted-fault-in-ag-sg-2rxhqh0t.png Fig. 4. Sc current during a 3ph bolted fault in AG/SG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-diagram-of-dfig-with-crowbar-protection-1hts7b53.png Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of DFIG with crowbar protection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iec-sg-equivalent-for-sg-and-ag-2rp18rrh.png Fig. 3. IEC SG equivalent for SG and AG https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-peak-short-circuit-current-supplied-by-the-dfig-a-tr07ze40.png TABLE I PEAK SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT SUPPLIED BY THE DFIG (A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-iec-equivalent-circuit-for-sc-analysis-j0puxybh.png Fig. 8. IEC equivalent circuit for sc analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sc-current-supplied-by-the-dfig-with-without-crowbar-2gx4hua4.png Fig. 6. SC current supplied by the DFIG (with/without crowbar) https://scispace.com/papers/oxidation-behaviour-at-1100-c-in-air-of-25-wt-cr-containing-298bbknvkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cr-and-hf-concentration-profiles-from-the-oxide-scale-g44d1ev9.png Fig. 10. Cr and Hf concentration profiles from the {oxide scale/alloy} interface (left side) toward the bulk (right side), perpendicularly to the sample surface (profiles plotted from EDS spot analyses performed perpendicularly to the {external oxide scale / alloy} interface on increasingly deep locations in the alloys) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-compositions-of-the-five-studied-alloys-all-3t5e3u4n.png Table 1. Chemical compositions of the five studied alloys (all contents in weight percents) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oxidation-behavior-during-cooling-temperature-of-389sf49b.png Table 4. Oxidation behavior during cooling: temperature of scale spallation start and final mass variation after the whole thermal cycle https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-the-kinetic-constants-determined-from-the-239kja5d.png Table 2. Values of the kinetic constants determined from the mass gain files https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-oxidation-behavior-during-heating-temperature-of-zwnq857n.png Table 3. Oxidation behavior during heating: temperature of oxidation start (according to the accuracy of the used thermobalance) and total mass gain achieved by oxidation before the isothermal stage beginning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-start-of-oxide-scale-spallation-during-the-cooling-lz04azyc.png Fig. 6. Start of oxide scale spallation during the cooling (after correction of the thermogravimetry files from the air buoyancy variations); top: 0.25C-containing alloys, bottom: 0.50C-containing alloys https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scanned-views-of-one-of-the-faces-of-the-samples-after-15qhm4zf.png Fig. 7. Scanned views of one of the faces of the samples after oxidation test, for illustrating their oxidized states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mass-gain-curves-recorded-for-the-three-hf-rich-alloys-3a5cg8z6.png Fig. 2. Mass gain curves recorded for the three Hf-rich alloys with comparison with the corresponding Hf-free ternary alloys (top: 0.25C-containing alloys, bottom: 0.50C-containing alloys) https://scispace.com/papers/oxidation-enthalpies-for-reduction-of-ceria-surfaces-16z5zirwte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-h-of-oxidation-at-973-k-for-30-wt-ceria-la-ce0-8-3lu1tflr.png Figure 3. -∆Ĥ of oxidation at 973 K for (▲) 30-wt% ceria/LA, (■) Ce0.8 Sm0.2O1.9, and (●) pure ceria as a function of extent of reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oxidation-isotherms-for-the-ce0-8-sm0-2o1-9-solid-hb54nbjk.png Figure 4). Oxidation isotherms for the Ce0.8 Sm0.2O1.9 solid solution as a function of P(O2) temperature: ∇ 873 K, ◊ 923 K, ○ 973 K, □ 1073 K, and ∆ 1173 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-la-supported-ceria-samples-for-the-3p13ql96.png Table 1 Properties of the LA-supported ceria samples. For the O:Ce ratios, each sample was equilibrated in a H2-H2O mixture (10% H2O) a at 973 K. The samples were initially https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-o-ce-ratios-for-ceria-as-a-function-of-3equbki6.png Table 2 Measured O:Ce ratios for ceria as a function of surface area at a fixed P(O2). Each sample was equilibrated in a H2-H2O mixture (10% H2O) a at 873 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-oxidation-isotherms-for-pure-ceo2-ce0-8y0-2o1-9-and-21s42qhp.png Figure 5. Oxidation isotherms for (○) pure CeO2, (□) Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9, and (Δ) Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 solutions at 973 K. The filled symbols show isotherms for (●) pure CeO2 and (▲) Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 at 1073 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-for-ceria-impregnated-onto-the-la-1yv33di5.png Figure 1. XRD patterns for ceria impregnated onto the LA support. Samples are shown following calcination at 973 K and the redox cycles discussed in the text. a) LA support, b) 15-wt% ceria/LA, c) 30-wt% ceria/LA, d) 50-wt% ceria/LA, and e) bulk ceria (3 m2/g). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oxidation-isotherms-for-pure-ceria-open-symbols-and-2qckb156.png Figure 2. Oxidation isotherms for pure ceria (open symbols) and 30-wt% ceria/LA (filled symbols) at selected temperatures (■873K, ●923K, ▲973K). The results for pure ceria are taken from a previous publication [17] and were determined by flow titration, whereas the results for ceria/LA were obtained by coulometric titration. The (+) and (x) symbols show the isotherms for 30-wt% ceria/LA determined by flow titration at 873 and 973 K, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/oxygen-reduction-and-diffusion-in-electroactive-567s5z6nrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-complex-plane-impedance-spectra-for-ito-and-ito-pvs-v57ioflg.png Fig. 2. Complex plane impedance spectra for ITO ( ) and ITO-(PVS/PAMAMAu)n, with n= 1 ( ), 2 (©), 4 ( ), 6 ( ) and 8 ( ) bilayers at an applied potential o ( 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bright-field-tem-image-of-au-nanoparticles-31hyfoqw.png Fig. 1. Bright-field TEM image of Au nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shows-two-voltammograms-obtained-using-3-bilayer-to-1smzi33p.png Fig. 5 shows two voltammograms obtained using 3-bilayer TO-(PVS/PAMAM-Au) electrodes in 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4 soluion in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen. A ell-defined voltammogram for oxygen reduction can be bserved. The cathodic peak for oxygen reduction appears at 0.3 V and, as expected, by varying the scan rate, ν, the charge ransfer is seen to be diffusion-limited up to 300 mV s−1 in the versus ν1/2 plot (Fig. 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shows-linear-scan-voltammograms-at-10-mv-s-1-scan-ate-2k69k3zd.png Fig. 7 shows linear scan voltammograms at 10 mV s−1 scan ate for a bare ITO and a 3-bilayer ITO-PVS/PAMAM-Au lectrode in 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution. The values of the urrents were normalized by the exposed geometric area of he ITO-PVS/PAMAM-Au electrode. With the modified ITO lectrode, oxygen reduction begins at around 0.0 V and the athodic current increases gradually as the potential is swept egatively. For example, at −50 mV (the same potential used in lectrochemical impedance experiments) the reduction current as −0.71± 0.03, −1.12± 0.03 and −1.73± 0.03 A cm−2 https://scispace.com/papers/oxygen-deficiency-and-cooling-field-driven-vertical-22ar5p3kx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-d-magnetization-magnetic-field-m-h-hysteresis-loops-32yug2bl.png FIG. 3. (a)–(d) Magnetization-magnetic field (M-H) hysteresis loops for the SRO film deposited at PO2¼150 mTorr, as measured at T¼ 10, 50, 100, and 140 K after being cooled from T¼ 300 K with and without the application of HCF¼61 T, respectively. The inset in Fig. 3(d) shows MShift as a function of temperature. (e) M-H hysteresis loops for the SRO film under various in-plane cooling fields as stated at T¼ 10 K. (f) MShift as a function of the cooling field at T¼ 10 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-fc-magnetization-for-the-sro-kgsnmzpa.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of FC magnetization for the SRO films deposited at various oxygen pressures. The red solid line is the fitted result near TC using the scaling law M / ðTC TÞb. Inset: corresponding dM/dT versus T curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xrd-h-2h-scan-for-the-sro-film-grown-on-the-sto-3m9o06da.png FIG. 1. (a) XRD h-2h scan for the SRO film grown on the STO substrate at PO2¼150 mTorr. Left inset: XRD /-scans taken on the SRO(101) and STO(101) diffraction peaks. Right inset: reciprocal space mapping around ( 103) diffraction peaks. (b) XRD h-2h scans for the SRO films deposited at PO2¼150, 50, and 10 mTorr. (c) The c-axis lattice parameters and domain sizes of SRO films determined from Fig. 1(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-m-h-hysteresis-loops-for-the-sro-films-deposited-at-3ipkmt19.png FIG. 4. M-H hysteresis loops for the SRO films deposited at PO2 ¼ 50 and 10 mTorr, as measured at T¼ 10 and 50 K after being cooled from T¼ 300 K with and without the application of HCF¼61 T, respectively. The inset in Fig. 4(d) shows MShift as a function of oxygen pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/oxysulfide-ba5-vo2s2-2-s2-2-combining-disulfide-channels-and-rna69o346f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-collection-and-refinement-details-3htflrsh.png Table 1. Data collection and refinement details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermogravimetric-analysis-upper-panes-coupled-with-2lwpm6ze.png Figure 4: Thermogravimetric analysis (upper panes) coupled with mass spectrometry (lower panes) of Ba5(VO2S2)2(S)2 a) under argon and b) under synthetic air. The mass variation and the temperature are given as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-emission-spectra-of-cu2o-and-ba5-vo2s2-2-s-2-for-7bt37ti7.png Figure 10. Emission spectra of Cu2O and Ba5(VO2S2)2(S)2 for excitation at 1200 nm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thg-shg-bf-and-overlay-of-both-right-image-of-ba5-1w5gxa9c.png Figure 9. THG, SHG, BF and overlay of both (right image) of Ba5(VO2S2)2(S)2 for excitation at 1200 nm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-structure-of-ba5-s2-2-vo2s2-2-projected-along-a-bhug5ka3.png Figure 1. a) Structure of Ba5(S2)2(VO2S2)2 projected along a axis, b) projection along c axis, c) slice of the structure showing the tetrahedra VO2S2 arrangement into a layer, d) other view of the structure highlighting the disulfide pairs channel along a, e) view of the disulfide pairs and the surrounding Ba atoms forming a channel around them and projection showing the 1D arrangement between the disulfide pairs, f-g-h) Ba atoms environments with Ba-S distances indicated and S-S bonds represented when present in their vicinity: Ba1, Ba2 and Ba3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-structure-of-bas2-with-emphasize-on-ba-17hnb805.png Figure 3. a) Structure of BaS2 with emphasize on Ba environment exhibiting dBa-S ranging from 3.15 to 3.22Å and b) structure of the phase La2O2S2 with a projection of disulfide layers showing the disulfide pairs 2D arrangement, each (S2) is 90° rotated with respect to its neighbors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ba5-vo2s2-2-s-2-bright-field-a-shg-b-and-overlay-of-4ujj2lyp.png Figure 6. Ba5(VO2S2)2(S)2 Bright Field (a), SHG (b) and overlay of both (c) images for excitation at 900 nm. ROI are represented by squares. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-powder-xrd-rietveld-refinement-the-experimental-ugqizx5q.png Figure 2. a) Powder XRD Rietveld refinement: the experimental pattern (black) and calculated pattern (red) are superimposed; the difference curve and the Bragg positions are represented in blue and green, respectively. b) Diffuse reflectance spectra with a Tauc plot as an inset to determine the experimental band gap; a picture of the reddish crystals and of a crystal SEM image are also shown as insets. c) DFT computed Electron Localization Function (ELF) with an S-S bond highlighted and d) the density of states (DOS) calculated for the title phase. The projected DOS is shown for the V (3d), O (2p) and S (3p) states. For the later, sulfur from the VO2S2 tetrahedra and sulfur from the disulfide pairs are distinguished. The Fermi level is set to 0. https://scispace.com/papers/p-t-evolution-of-elusive-uhp-eclogites-from-the-luotian-dome-3je233qkh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-p-t-pseudosection-calculated-for-sample-11-7c2-using-155l5ep2.png Fig. 7. (a) P-T pseudosection calculated for sample 11-7c2 using thewhole rock bulk composition. The variance of the fields varies from three (i.e. 8 phases, white fields) to seven (i.e. 4 phases, darker grey fields). Peak-P assemblage is reported in bold. Yellow, orange and red ellipses constrain the P-T conditions of stages 1a, 1b and 2 respectively, as inferred from compositional isopleths of garnet (XCa: dotted lines; XMg: dashed lines). The entire set of isopleths is available at Fig. SM2. (b) P-XFe2O3 pseudosection calculated for sample 11-9c1 at T = 750 °C using the whole rock bulk composition and an XFe2O3 variable between 0 and 1. The variance of the fields varies from two (i.e. 8 phases, white fields) to five (i.e. 5 phases, darker grey fields). Peak-P assemblage is reported in bold. The white box (continuous line: 750 °C; dotted line: 800 °C) constrain the XFe2O3 values compatible with the observed peak-P assemblage and the measured garnet composition (red isopleths; XCa: dotted lines; XMg: dashed lines). (c) P-T pseudosection calculated for sample 11-9c1 using the whole rock bulk composition. The variance of the fields varies from two (i.e. 8 phases,whitefields) to five (i.e. 5 phases, darker greyfields). Peak-P assemblage is reported in bold. Red and purple ellipses constrain the P-T conditions of stages 1 and 2 respectively, as inferred from compositional isopleths of garnet (XCa: dotted lines; XMg: dashed lines). The entire set of isopleths is available at Fig. SM3. https://scispace.com/papers/p4flow-monitoring-traffic-flows-with-programmable-networks-49bjkid1r0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-message-overhead-of-the-systems-on-a-waxman-graph-ic5y5zmb.png Fig. 3: The message overhead of the systems on; a) Waxman graph. b) Erdös-Rényi graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-reporting-delays-of-the-systems-on-a-waxman-graph-1mdr4no8.png Fig. 2: The reporting delays of the systems on; a) Waxman graph. b) Erdös-Rényi graph. https://scispace.com/papers/p2y2-receptor-activation-inhibits-the-expression-of-the-3087z036x4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-29j000ro.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2ts7whci.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1edwu8t3.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-11hxohac.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/pace-and-critical-gradient-for-hill-runners-an-analysis-of-2e4dotrrsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-record-pace-p-s-m-1-vs-gradient-m-for-91-uphill-and-177xxdcc.png Figure 1: Record pace p (s.m−1) vs. gradient m for 91 uphill and 15 downhill races or race stages and the world 10,000m track record. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adjusted-pace-data-with-various-models-fitted-a-38dnqecu.png Figure 2: Adjusted pace data with various models fitted: (a) Naismith-type, (b) Piecewise linear, (c) Tobler-type, (d) Quadratic, (e) Cubic, (f) Quartic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-standard-error-together-with-29lco9mc.png Table 1: Model parameters ± standard error, together with derived quantities, for six models fitted to race record pace data. https://scispace.com/papers/packet-classification-on-multiple-fields-2f4q88xpwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-network-of-an-isp-isp1-connected-to-two-3li5nlop.png Figure 1: Example network of an ISP (ISP1) connected to two enterprise networks (E1 and E2) and to two other ISP networks across a NAP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-example-of-adjacency-groups-some-rules-of-a-27eszt87.png Figure 17: Example of Adjacency Groups. Some rules of a classifier are shown. Each rule is denoted symbolically by RuleName(FieldName1, FieldName2,...). The ‘+’ denotes a logical OR. All rules shown are assumed to have the same action. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-the-memory-consumed-with-four-phases-with-the-7g08zgfs.png Figure 18: The memory consumed with four phases with the adjGrp optimization enabled on the large classifiers created by concatenating all the classifiers of a few different networks. Also shown is the memory consumed when the optimization is not enabled (i.e. the basic RFC) scheme. Notice the absence of some points in the Basic RFC curve. For those classifiers, the basic RFC takes too much memory/preprocessing time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-15dfp5uj.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-example-reduction-trees-for-p-4-rfc-phases-3h4y26l8.png Figure 9: Two example reduction trees for P=4 RFC phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-two-example-reduction-trees-for-p-3-rfc-phases-2q51s7a5.png Figure 8: Two example reduction trees for P=3 RFC phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-memory-consumed-with-three-phases-with-the-2uejrwfp.png Figure 16: The memory consumed with three phases with the adjGrp optimization enabled on the large classifiers created by concatenating all the classifiers of one network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-memory-consumed-by-rfc-for-three-and-four-10davjp4.png Figure 15: The memory consumed by RFC for three and four phases on classifiers created by merging all the classifiers of one network. https://scispace.com/papers/pain-avoidance-versus-reward-seeking-an-experimental-32kktmhfo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-2usdcl8q.png Table 1 Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-types-of-trials-a-signaled-trials-to-be-performed-1myann6w.png Fig. 1. Types of trials. (a) Signaled trials: to-be-performed movements are signaled by the purple coloring of the target; (b) Choice trials: the participant choose and perform one of both movements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3ns2669w.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/pain-outcomes-in-patients-after-artificial-disc-replacement-5blw10l1w7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-chart-to-identify-eligible-studies-27dhxufk.png Figure 1: Prisma flow chart to identify eligible studies. https://scispace.com/papers/pairing-fluctuations-in-excited-nuclei-and-the-absence-of-a-2l4rezxwff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-distributions-for-tne-gap-parameter-6-at-2qzsbtmx.png Fig. 1. Probability distributions for tne gap parameter 6 at different temperatures. The value of~ at the maximum corresponds to the solution u of the gap equation. The critical temperature is T = 0.57. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-specific-heat-as-a-function-of-temperature-the-14cpu994.png Fig. 5. The specific heat as a function of temperature. The thick and thin line correspond to the use of the average and the most probable gap https://scispace.com/papers/pair-density-functional-theory-utilizing-the-noninteracting-18l2nernph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-atomic-structure-calculations-for-neutral-neon-atom-dqs45tl2.png TABLE I. Atomic structure calculations for neutral neon atom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profiles-of-the-electron-density-calculated-by-the-1u1bg7iw.png FIG. 1. Profiles of the electron density calculated by the present scheme open circles and the CI method crosses Ref. 55 in atomic unit a.u. . The value of K is set to −1.6 10−3 in the present calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/pakistan-s-two-stage-monsoon-and-links-with-the-recent-222ssi981k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-figure-1-but-for-the-a-and-b-30-60-day-band-5rwsludw.png Figure 3. Same as Figure 1 but for the (a and b) 30–60 day band‐pass filtering and (c) 10–20 day band‐ pass filtering of precipitable water and 850 mbar vorticity. The seasonal means of all fields are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-right-latitude-time-diagrams-of-pentad-mean-37z7ob3a.png Figure 8. (right) Latitude‐time diagrams of pentad mean precipitation (CMAP) averaged within 70°E– 75°E during the period 1 July 1 to 31 August for each year from 1979 to 2009. Precipitation time series averaged within 30°N–35°N (solid line), 25°N–30°N (dashed line), and 20°N–25°N (dotted line), low‐ pass filtered by 7 years, are overlaid. The precipitation scales corresponding to their latitude zone are given at the right (i.e., the rainfall range within 20°N–25°N is 5–8 mm/d; the rainfall range within 25°N–35°N is 1–4 mm/d). (left) The geographical distribution of mean July–August rainfall for comparison purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-height-cross-sections-of-the-e-lapse-rate-3a87s48s.png Figure 9. Time‐height cross sections of the e lapse rate (shadings) and relative vorticity (contour interval 10−5 s−1 omitting zero) averaged over northern Pakistan for (a) July and (b) August, with the long‐ term means removed, and divergence of water vapor flux (i.e., negative means convergence) during (c) July and (d) August. Linear trends in Figures 9c and 9d) are insignificant (blue dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-latitude-time-diagrams-for-a-cmorph-3-h-sm46oag9.png Figure 1. Latitude‐time diagrams for (a) CMORPH 3 h precipitation, (b) precipitable water (shadings) and 850 mbar relative vorticity (contour interval 10−5 s−1 omitting zero and −10−5), and (c) T2m (shadings) and CAPE (contour interval 300 J Kg−1 beginning at 300) averaged between 70°E and 75°E from 1 May to 30 September 2010. Dashed lines indicate the three monsoon troughs. Yellow arrows indicate the three MCSs in July. Mean elevation across the analysis area is shown to the right of each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-figure-10-but-for-august-q54jr1qi.png Figure 11. Same as Figure 10 but for August. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-climatological-means-1971-2009-of-t2m-red-td-blue-18fqpjkw.png Figure 4. (a) Climatological means (1971–2009) of T2m (red), Td (blue), precipitation (green bars), and lightning frequency (orange lightning symbols; plotted every 5 days) over northern Pakistan within the domain outlined in Figure 4b. The premonsoon phase is indicated by a light yellow strip. (b) Differences in the daily precipitation root‐mean‐square (RMS; contour interval 0.5 mm d−1) over Pakistan between July and August during the period 1971–2009 overlaid with the topography (shadings). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-monthly-mean-t2m-red-line-td-green-line-2h3xjgzt.png Figure 7. Monthly mean T2m (red line), Td (green line), precipitation (orange bar), and frequency of intense precipitation (blue bar) over northern Pakistan (domain as in Figure 3b) in (a) July and (b) August, overlaid with linear trends. Dashed T2m and Td lines indicate data derived from ERA‐Interim (1989–2010). (c and d) Same as Figures 7a and 7b but for mean OLR (orange bar) and frequency of OLR‐ 220 Wm−2 ≤ 0 (blue bar); note that 1978 has no data. Trends that are significant at the 99% confidence interval (CI) are indicated by a star to the left, based on Student’s t test. Trends without a star are considered insignificant (i.e., <99% CI). Trends without the inclusion of 2010 are shown as cyan dashed lines in Figures 7a and 7b. Temperature trends are computed from averages of the overlapping ERA40 and ERA‐Interim data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-same-as-figure-10c-but-for-linear-trends-of-the-37ft0462.png Figure 12. Same as Figure 10c but for linear trends of the 200 mbar velocity potential spatially filtered with zonal wave number 5 and beyond (VPS) during 1979–2009, derived from (top to bottom) the MERRA, NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA40/Interim reanalyses. The divergent wind vectors are overlaid. The contour interval and the vector scale are given in the bottom. The zero contours are omitted. https://scispace.com/papers/paleomagnetic-results-from-the-silurian-of-the-yangtze-43ffeakgu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-orthogonal-demagnetization-plots-of-two-samples-from-2atp5lw0.png Fig. 6. Orthogonal demagnetization plots of two samples from Tongzi section. The plot on the left is from red siltstone corrected for bedding tilt. The one on the right is from a limestone uncorrected for tilt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pole-positions-from-the-paleozoic-and-lower-mesozoic-1wfpsbt3.png Fig. 8. Pole positions from the Paleozoic and Lower Mesozoic of the South China Block. Stars represent Triassic pole positions Opdyke et al. (1986), filled square-Permian; triangle-Carboniferous; open circle-Cambrian, all after Lin (1985), filled circle represents the Silurian pole from this study. The sampling region in China is indicated by the cross. https://scispace.com/papers/palladium-acetate-catalyst-for-regioselective-direct-4h5d52jyci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-the-reaction-conditions-for-palladium-3q4mx4b4.png Table 1. Influence of the reaction conditions for palladium-catalysed coupling of methyl (E)-3-(thiophen-3-yl)acrylate with 4-bromobenzonitrile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scope-of-the-palladium-catalysed-direct-arylation-of-10t56icd.png Table 2. Scope of the palladium catalysed direct arylation of methyl (E)-3-thiophen-3-yl-acrylate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dbic16xt.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scope-of-the-palladium-catalysed-direct-arylation-of-10kpp55p.png Table 3. Scope of the palladium-catalysed direct arylation of methyl (E)-3-(furan-3-yl)acrylate https://scispace.com/papers/palladium-catalyzed-coupling-of-3-halo-substituted-coumarins-4ohfafl4x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-synthesis-of-bromo-substituted-3-n-substituted-2bpjrguz.png Table 3. Synthesis of bromo-substituted-3-N-substituted aminocoumarins 7, 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthesis-of-functionalized-3-n-substituted-1qxinbfw.png Table 2. Synthesis of functionalized 3-N-substituted aminochromenes 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-functionalized-3-n-substituted-3um1cr8g.png Table 1. Synthesis of functionalized 3-N substituted aminocoumarins 2 and aminoquinolin-2(1H)-ones 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-synthesis-of-polysubstituted-chromenes-10-l1n4rhpf.png Table 4. Synthesis of polysubstituted chromenes 10. https://scispace.com/papers/papillary-meningioma-with-pleural-metastasis-case-report-and-3gpbcteg9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-primary-meningeal-tumor-the-tumor-tissue-is-composed-2s5allpc.png Fig. 2. (A) Primary meningeal tumor. The tumor tissue is composed of papillary structures with highly pleomorphic and spindle-shaped cells, with scattered mitoses and in®ltration in blood vessels. Not shown: the tumor cells are immunopositive for vimentin, though negative for epithelial membrane antigen, while immunohistochemistry for glial ®brillary acidic protein, cytokeratin, S100, HMB-45, alpha-fetoprotein, b-human choriogonadotrophin, desmin, smooth muscle actin and lymphocytic markers remains negative. Ultrastructurally, the presence of cytoplasmic intermediate ®laments, cell±cell articulation and desmosome formation were appreciated, corroborating the meningeal origin of the tumor (H&E, r400). (B) Pleural metastasis of the papillary meningioma (H&E, r250). The histology is essentially identical to that seen in Fig. 2A, and so is the immunohistochemical pro®le (not shown). There are papillary structures composed of cells with nuclear pleomorphism and scattered mitoses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mri-of-head-a-large-tumor-destroying-the-petrous-38w653w5.png Fig. 1. (A) MRI of head. A large tumor destroying the petrous bone and invading the cerebellum. (B) MRI of thorax. A large right-sided mass is seen, thickening the pleura and compressing lung tissue. https://scispace.com/papers/pangenome-sequence-evolution-within-human-gut-microbiomes-is-260cfzqub2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-correlation-between-gene-mobility-and-dzo5j3sf.png Figure 1. The correlation between gene mobility and metagenomic sequencing coverage is positive 171 but widely variable. The boxplots and violin plots show the distributions of adjusted R2 values (blue) and 172 slopes (red) across samples (individuals from Fiji) for the correlation between coverage (average depth per 173 site) and gene mobility. The black dots represent the 169 samples (out of 175 tested) in which the correlation 174 is significant (t test, Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.05). Examples of this correlation in four randomly 175 selected samples are shown in Figure S2. 176 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mobile-gene-evolution-varies-more-widely-across-23g8zrre.png Figure 2. Mobile gene evolution varies more widely across genes than across samples (people). Each 230 panel shows the distribution of the variation of population genetic metrics among samples (red) or among 231 gene families (black) through the distribution of log10(DKS) statistics. The DKS statistic from the 232 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test measures the maximal distance between a pair of cumulative distributions – in 233 this case, across either samples or genes. Panels a, b, c and d represent the variation of 𝜃!, 𝜃", Tajima’s D 234 and dN/dS respectively. We down-sampled the 37,853 genes to the same size as the number of samples set 235 to avoid the potential bias toward more variation in the larger dataset of genes (999 sub-samples). This 236 figure presents the result for 999 sub-samples of 175 genes and shows that there is more variation across 237 genes than across samples/individuals for all the population genetics metrics (KS test, P < 2.2 x 10-16). See 238 Figure S4 for example distributions across genes and samples. 239 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gene-mobility-regressions-reveal-a-minority-of-3krk6sf6.png Figure 5. Gene mobility regressions reveal a minority of genes with distinct signals of selection. A) 417 Linear mixed model regression slopes per COG category. This figure illustrate COG categories regression 418 slopes for the linear mixed models "Coverage ~ Gene mobility + Sample + COG category" and 419 " Tajima′s D ~ Gene mobility + Sample + COG category " with " Sample" and " COG category" being 420 considered as random effects. Data were normalized using the Box-Cox transformation to ensure the 421 condition of residual normality was accounted for before building the linear mixed model (Coverage Box-422 Cox λ = -0.01; Gene mobility Box-Cox λ = -0.005). We only used the 99.6% of Tajima’s D values that 423 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gene-function-explains-more-variation-in-mobile-20diw1vr.png Figure 3. Gene function explains more variation in mobile gene sequence evolution than host 263 attributes. A) Adjusted R2 values for the categorical regressions between population genetic metrics (color-264 coded) and host attributes. We only considered genes with at least 10X coverage in a sample, and we also 265 required that mobile gene should have less than 30% missing values across samples, for a total of 1333 266 genes included in this analysis. The four strongest and most prevalent correlations between population 267 genetics metrics and host factors are shown. Not shown are village significantly correlated with 𝜃" (0.15% 268 of genes), Tajima’s D (0.15%) and dN/dS (0%) and household significantly correlated with 𝜃" (0.23%). 269 Host age and sex did not show any significant effects on mobile gene sequence evolution. Each black point 270 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gene-mobility-is-negatively-correlated-with-tajima-lbunuty8.png Figure 4. Gene mobility is negatively correlated with Tajima's D in real and simulated microbiomes. 350 A) Real data from Fiji. The heatmap shows the slope of a regression model in which either 𝜃!, 𝜃" or 351 Tajima’s D is the response variable and gene mobility is the explanatory variable (across samples). 352 Regression p-values were obtained through a t-test. The heatmap contains non-significant regressions 353 results after Bonferroni p-value filter (black), negative significant correlations (red) and positive significant 354 correlations (blue). Data standardization was performed before each regression to respect the t-test's 355 assumption of normality. Heatmap rows and columns were clustered with Euclidean distance and complete 356 linkage clustering. 357 https://scispace.com/papers/paraconsistent-method-of-prospective-scenarios-pmps-wcyeo8idv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-database-of-specialists-evidences-16go4fqe.png Table 1. Database of specialist’s evidences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-application-of-para-analizer-device-at-uscp-1cxnkxbx.png Figure 2: Application of para-analizer device at USCP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uscp-divided-in-four-regions-by-lines-pdl-and-pil-1nn98pbb.png Figure 1. USCP divided in four regions by lines PDL AND PIL (Source: DE CARVALHO and ABE, 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resulting-evidence-degrees-by-application-of-the-or-3uom3eiq.png Table 2. Resulting evidence degrees by application of the OR and AND rules https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-beam-beam-simulation-incorporating-multiple-bunches-1opppq072h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timings-of-original-single-processor-and-parallel-3iekg98o.png Figure 2: Timings of original (single processor) and parallel codes with varying numbers of bunches https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parallel-architecture-and-communications-paths-1gxzscc8.png Figure 1: Parallel architecture and communications paths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-horizontal-tune-spectra-for-a-nominal-bunch-4-ho-eyhifacp.png Figure 4: Horizontal tune spectra for a nominal bunch (4 HO and 14 parasitic interactions, bottom) and a SuperPacman bunch (2 HO interactions, top). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-timings-of-parallel-code-with-varying-numbers-of-2sic9e58.png Figure 3: Timings of parallel code with varying numbers of interaction points https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-fda5-for-fast-deployment-of-accurate-statistical-2zfxqv9pq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimized-parfda5-parameters-for-selecting-the-62jhw3t8.png Table 1: Optimized ParFDA5 parameters for selecting the training set using 2-grams or the LM corpus using 1-grams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-data-statistics-for-the-available-training-and-yt9t1hhs.png Table 2: The data statistics for the available training and LM corpora for the constrained (C) submissions compared with the ParFDA5 selected training and LM corpora statistics. #words is in millions (M) and #sents is in thousands (K). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parfda5-results-parfda5-results-using-15-of-the-2ieyjrvw.png Table 6: ParFDA5 results, ParFDA5 results using 15% of the training set, and their difference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-parallel-fda5-wmt14-results-compared-with-parallel-8grfxfcy.png Table 7: Parallel FDA5 WMT14 results compared with parallel FDA WMT13 results. Training set sizes are given in millions (M) of words on the target side. Average difference is 3.7 BLEU points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-perplexity-comparison-of-the-lm-built-from-the-19zzwgzn.png Table 5: Perplexity comparison of the LM built from the training corpus (train), ParFDA5 selected training corpus (FDA5), and the ParFDA5 selected LM corpus (FDA5 LM). % red. column lists the percentage of reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bleuc-for-the-top-constrained-result-in-wmt14-wmt14c-2s1dpzs2.png Table 4: BLEUc for the top constrained result in WMT14 (WMT14C) and for ParFDA5 results, their difference to WMT14C, and the LM order used are presented. Average difference is 3.49 BLEU points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-space-and-time-required-for-building-the-parfda5-1dcca29u.png Table 3: The space and time required for building the ParFDA5 Moses SMT systems. The sizes are in MB and time in minutes. PT stands for the phrase table. ALL does not contain the size of the LM. https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-searching-in-generalized-monge-arrays-1b0s8a8ezp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-row-minima-results-for-an-x-n-staircase-monge-qe24xk7e.png Table 1.2.Row-minima results for an × n staircase-Monge array. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-tube-minima-results-for-anx-nx-n-monge-composite-1l4m8zrk.png Table 1.3.Tube-minima results for an× n× n Monge-composite array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-array-a-with-row-ri-replaced-byrti-each-minimumui-in-132aps5h.png Fig. 2.1. Array A with row Ri replaced byRti . Each minimumµi in row Ri eliminates certain regions of A from consideration for row minima. An infeasible region is covered by the pattern of theµi that made it infeasible. Many of the regions are eliminated by more than oneµi in this case, we show arbitrarily one such pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-decomposition-ofbt-into-bt1-b-t-u-2jfrrus6.png Fig. 2.2.Decomposition ofBt into Bt1, . . . , B t u. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-row-minima-results-for-an-x-n-monge-array-3eyee7pp.png Table 1.1.Row-minima results for an × n Monge array. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-study-of-the-mode-coupling-instability-for-a-14cb4lt50m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-model-3m5wux5g.png Figure 1: Description of the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-stiffness-difference-k1-k2-with-k1-k2-jpbo5cuc.png Figure 3: Influence of stiffness difference k1 − k2 with k1 + k2 constant on (a-b) the stability area, (c-d) the real parts for θ = −30◦, (e-f) and the frequencies for θ = −30◦, for (a,c,e) planar friction and (b,d,f) rectilinear friction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-influence-of-sliding-velocity-on-a-the-real-parts-146qek7z.png Figure 4: Influence of sliding velocity on (a) the real parts and (b) the frequencies for θ = −30◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-of-non-iso-damping-on-a-c-e-the-real-15w42km7.png Figure 8: Influence of non-iso damping on (a,c,e) the real parts and (b,d,f) the frequencies with ηy constant for (a,b) planar friction and θ = −30◦, (c,d) planar friction and −60◦, (e,f) rectilinear friction and θ = −30◦ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-non-iso-damping-with-a-b-ey-constant-1j3lwj8c.png Figure 7: Influence of non-iso-damping with (a,b) ηy constant or (c,d) ηx constant on the stability area for (a,c) planar friction or (b,d) rectilinear friction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-friction-coefficient-and-stable-and-unstable-mode-210fveb6.png Table 2: Friction coefficient and stable and unstable mode frequencies at the Hopf bifurcation point for planar friction, θ = −30◦and different sliding velocities (undamped model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-friction-coefficient-and-unstable-mode-frequency-at-3kjyu4mu.png Table 1: Friction coefficient and unstable mode frequency at the Hopf bifurcation point for θ = −30◦(undamped model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-friction-coefficient-and-unstable-mode-frequency-at-3418tbrh.png Table 3: Friction coefficient and unstable mode frequency at the Hopf bifurcation point for θ = −30◦(iso-damped system) https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-independent-control-for-battery-chargers-based-on-4954lwmepz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-battery-charging-methods-a-constant-current-cc-3iuiqizv.png Fig. 1. Battery charging methods: a) Constant-Current (CC)-Constant Voltage (CV) charging for lithium-ion batteries, b) Three Stage Charging (TSC) for lead-acid and flow batteries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-among-r-rc-rl-and-rlc-virtual-impedances-4fczr64o.png Fig. 9. Comparison among R, RC, RL and RLC virtual impedances for digital controllers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-battery-voltage-and-current-regulations-a-two-single-1cvubiqu.png Fig. 2. Battery voltage and current regulations: a) two single feedback loops, b) one cascaded feedback loop. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summarized-design-procedure-1u2nygoa.png TABLE II SUMMARIZED DESIGN PROCEDURE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-bode-plot-of-compensated-open-loop-cv-zeq-hv-for-rbat-1p4bn6mn.png Fig. 11. Bode plot of compensated open loop Cv∙Zeq∙Hv for Rbat,min = 10 mΩ, Rbat,medium = 100 mΩ, Rbat,max = 1 Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-bode-plot-of-the-equivalent-impedance-zeq-for-rbat-tmg8069t.png Fig. 10. Bode plot of the equivalent impedance Zeq for Rbat,min = 10 mΩ, Rbat,medium = 100 mΩ, Rbat,max = 1 Ω, and the ideal case Zeq = Zv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-battery-voltage-control-loop-for-the-conventional-2og45vcs.png Fig. 4. Battery voltage control loop for the conventional control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specifications-of-the-boost-converter-charger-bnrsu3s4.png TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BOOST CONVERTER CHARGER https://scispace.com/papers/paraneoplastic-pemphigus-with-clinical-features-of-lichen-5av8fgjec9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vesicles-erosions-and-target-shaped-lesions-on-the-3nvzhyte.png Figure 1 Vesicles, erosions and target-shaped lesions on the lower leg. Some flat topped violaceous lichenoid papules are also observed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-immunoprecipitation-preparation-demonstrating-the-364vlv0f.png Figure 4 Immunoprecipitation preparation demonstrating the characteristic pattern of PNP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-indirect-immunofluorescence-on-rat-bladder-showing-24tmxoci.png Figure 3 Indirect immunofluorescence on rat bladder showing intercellular staining with IgG (stain type – Fluorescein; original magnification ×400) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histopathology-in-target-lesion-revealed-an-1g1k9g58.png Figure 2 Histopathology in target lesion revealed an interface cell-rich dermatitis without acantholysis, accompanied by dermal–epidermal hydropic changes (stain type – Hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification ×100) https://scispace.com/papers/paraxial-gaussian-beam-shooting-algorithm-for-3d-propagation-35kxipfbqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-horizontal-field-component-in-the-horizontal-plane-cc6g4mg0.png Figure 5: Horizontal field component in the horizontal plane z = 12.5m, in the presence of the building. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-horizontal-field-component-along-the-beam-axis-1kprd6i2.png Figure 6: Horizontal field component along the beam axis: comparison between 3DPWE, PTD and GBS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-case-with-a-vertical-screen-at-x-200m-on-a-21nfaivf.png Figure 1: Test case with a vertical screen at x = 200m, on a flat ground. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-case-with-a-parallelepipedic-building-at-x-igd0ggah.png Figure 4: Test case with a parallelepipedic building at x = 200m, on a flat ground. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horizontal-field-component-along-the-vertical-lines-cqbivdkh.png Figure 3: Horizontal field component along the vertical lines in xOz plane, at x = 300m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-horizontal-field-component-along-the-line-y-0-x-230qvsu7.png Figure 2: Horizontal field component along the line y = 0, x = 100m. https://scispace.com/papers/parental-autonomy-granting-and-child-perceived-control-2dpx6vxcf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-fixed-effects-for-linear-and-generalized-2b15hlmq.png Table 2 Summary of fixed effects for linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models of the relationship between parental autonomy granting, child perceived control, and child emotion regulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-of-parental-autonomy-granting-and-child-j6o33nl7.png Figure 2 Interaction of parental autonomy granting and child perceived control in the prediction of acceptance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-fixed-effects-for-linear-and-generalized-3hkbd731.png Table 1 Summary of fixed effects for linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models of the relationship between parental autonomy granting, child perceived control, and child emotional reactivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-of-parental-autonomy-granting-and-child-3bh56c0n.png Figure 1 Interaction of parental autonomy granting and child perceived control in the prediction of physiological responding. https://scispace.com/papers/parental-hospital-treated-somatic-illnesses-and-psychosis-of-39sayfvd91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accumulation-of-different-somatic-illness-categories-3ld22neu.png Table 3. Accumulation of different somatic illness categories of parents of cohort members with and without psychosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parental-illnesses-occurring-at-age-below-18-years-ckqpw35m.png Table 2. Parental illnesses occurring at age below 18 years of cohort members in association with psychoses of cohort members between ages 16 and 28. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-cohort-members-with-and-without-1j5pbi29.png Table 1. Characteristics of cohort members with and without psychosis https://scispace.com/papers/parental-satisfaction-of-child-s-perioperative-care-2b2n905wek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-statistics-2t1hso4t.png Table 2. Assessment Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-3b2e1vej.png Table 1. Demographic Data https://scispace.com/papers/parents-and-the-preschool-paths-promoting-alternative-5csqrldgif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yvbst7dd.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/parents-involvement-in-the-youth-justice-system-a-view-from-18qyv24xlo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-does-canadian-youth-justice-legislation-encourage-2jft83gz.png Table 2. Does Canadian Youth Justice Legislation Encourage Parental Involvement? (N = 41) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rationale-for-parental-involvement-under-the-yoa-and-3qwkfx8g.png Table 3. Rationale for Parental Involvement under the YOA and YCJA (N = 41) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-respondents-perceptions-regarding-why-parental-1xdau2dq.png Table 4. Respondents’ Perceptions Regarding Why Parental Involvement is Important (N = 41) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-respondents-perceptions-regarding-when-parental-32ak73j3.png Table 5. Respondents’ perceptions regarding when parental involvement is important? (N = 41) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-item-scores-on-the-youth-legal-rights-attitude-3uy8haqc.png Table 1. Mean Item Scores on the Youth Legal Rights Attitude Scale (N = 41) https://scispace.com/papers/parity-measurement-of-one-and-two-electron-double-well-3rda9mmomh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-set-island-energies-relative-to-the-lead-fermi-level-2hb76a56.png FIG. 2. SET island energies relative to the lead Fermi level, depending on the state of DWS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geometry-of-an-asymmetric-system-34m098rn.png FIG. 3. Geometry of an asymmetric system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-projection-of-the-state-of-the-dws-onto-the-singlet-dp6c5ni5.png FIG. 4. (a) Projection of the state of the DWS onto the singlet state, ukSucstjdlu, immediately after jump j for d=D /2=10g8 =U /10. (b) Histogram of waiting times between jumps withns=0 and (c) with ns=1, for a simulation with 10 4 jumps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-transition-energies-vm-relative-to-lead-fermi-levels-3akrnn1t.png FIG. 5. (a) Transition energies,vm, relative to lead Fermi levels, for a symmetrically placed SET island, wherev1=−v5=−U, v2 =−v4=−sd2+2dDd /U and v3,6,7,8=0, and (b) for an asymmetrically placed SET island, wherev1=−v5=−U, v2=−sd2+2dDd /U, v3=−v4=−2e andv6,7,8=0. https://scispace.com/papers/part-year-operation-in-19th-century-american-manufacturing-jhtbhutvep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regressions-of-full-time-equivalent-months-annual-2jkyvooh.png TABLE 2 REGRESSIONS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT MONTHS, ANNUAL HOURS, AND DAILY HOURS OF OPERATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-part-year-operation-manufacturing-in-1870-and-1880-3ognhzlf.png TABLE 1 PART-YEAR OPERATION: MANUFACTURING IN 1870 AND 1880 https://scispace.com/papers/partial-characterization-of-the-positive-capacity-region-of-1b78z5hrxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zero-positive-and-unknown-capacities-of-asymmetric-run-3qyjot9n.png Fig. 2. Zero, positive, and unknown capacities of asymmetric run length constrained channels. These follow from Proposition 1 and Theorem 1. Two unknown capacities indicated by (*) would be zero if Conjecture 1 holds. (We assume0 d < k 1 for i = 1; 2 andd d .) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-distinct-binary-2k-1-k-1-matricesa-andb-for-the-i3kz54pm.png Fig. 6. Two distinct binary(2k+1) (k+1) matricesA andB for the proof of Theorem 1 part ii(B)c) fork 4 that are(1; k; k 1; k)-constrained.I is the(k 2) (k 2) identity matrix andO is the zero matrix of appropriate size. All tilings of the plane withA andB are also(1; k; k 1; k)-constrained for k 4. Note thatA andB differ only in two bit locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zero-and-positive-capacities-for-the-symmetric-two-2y8mwmin.png Fig. 1. Zero and positive capacities for the symmetric two-dimensional(d; k) constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-distinct21-7-binary-1-3-2-4-constrained-matricesa-di0194ux.png Fig. 4. Two distinct21 7 binary(1;3; 2; 4)-constrained matricesA andB used to prove Theorem 1 part ii(B)c) with Lemma 3. All tilings of the plane with A andB are also(1;3; 2; 4)-constrained. Note thatA andB do not differ below the 12th row nor outside of the 5th and 6th columns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-distinct-binary16-12matricesa-andb-for-the-proof-1im73v77.png Fig. 5. Two distinct binary16 12matricesA andB for the proof of Theorem 1 part ii(B)c) that are(1;4; 2; 3)-constrained. All tilings of the plane withA and B are also(1;4; 2; 3)-constrained. Note thatA andB differ only in the two bits located in the fourth and fifth rows of the second column. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-distinct-binary3-d-1-2d-3-matricesa-andb-for-the-3gil3ee8.png Fig. 3. Two distinct binary3(d+1) (2d+3) matricesA andB for the proof of Theorem 1 part ii(B)b) that are(d; d+1; d; 2d+1)-constrained ford 1. I is thej j identity matrix and0 is j horizontal or vertical consecutive0s. All tilings of the plane withA andB are also(d; d + 1; d; 2d+ 1)-constrained for d 1. https://scispace.com/papers/partial-dietary-fish-meal-replacement-with-cotton-seed-meal-3jdgtn5wve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-hematological-parameters-differential-red-blood-and-2lypudan.png Table 9 Hematological parameters, differential red blood and white blood cells of Nile tilapia fed the experimental diets for 84 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mino-acid-hydrolyzed-by-the-exogenous-protease-rtwo2p35.png Table 4 mino acid hydrolyzed by the exogenous protease addition and the rRelative protease activity in the experimental diets CSM1, CSM2 and CSM3 (Means ± SD; n = 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-growth-response-and-feed-utilization-of-nile-tilapia-2o8dvjot.png Table 5 Growth response and feed utilization of Nile tilapia fed experimental diets for 84 days FM:CSM ratios Protease U kg-1 Growth performance Feed utilization https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-proximate-composition-g-kg-1-dry-matter-of-nile-119vq0bq.png Table 8 Proximate composition (g kg-1 dry matter) of Nile tilapia fed diet fed experimental diets for 84 days https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-apparent-digestibility-coefficient-of-nile-tilapia-1tofpba1.png Table 6 Apparent digestibility coefficient (%) of Nile tilapia fed experimental diets for 84 days https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrolyzed-amino-acids-composition-of-experimental-143pko7y.png Table 2 Hydrolyzed amino acids composition of experimental diets (%) Essential amino acid Experimental diets Requirements of tilapia# CSM1 CSM2 CSM3 Arginine 2.12 2.02 1.96 1.18 Histidine 0.87 0.88 0.84 0.48 Lysine 2.11 1.95 1.78 1.43 Methionine 1.24 1.23 1.19 0.75 Leucine 2.42 2.44 2.35 0.87 Isoleucine 1.12 1.02 0.96 0.87 Threonine 1.59 1.54 1.52 1.05 Phenylalanine 1.49 1.53 1.51 1.05 Valine 1.53 1.51 1.45 0.78 #Requirements as percentage of dry diet for tilapia (Santiago and Lovell 1988) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-apparent-availability-coefficients-of-essential-3iyjw0ac.png Table 7 Apparent availability coefficients (%) of essential amino acids in experimental diets for Nile tilapia Variables Protease U kg-1 Apparent availability coefficient (%) Arginine Histidine Lysine Methionine Leucine Isoleucine Threonine Phenylalanine Valin Individual treatment means† CSM1 (2:1) 0 96.65 b 86.23b 87.52b 86.23b 94.15b 93.63b 86.17b 96.65b 86.22b CSM1 (2:1) 2500 98.05 a 88.15a 90.16a 93.14a 97.09a 97.60a 89.35a 98.05a 88.55a CSM2 (1:1) 0 95.53 c 84.13c 81.25c 84.29c 93.53c 92.82c 84.43c 95.53c 85.43c CSM2 (1:1) 2500 97.15 a 88.65a 89.97a 88.50a 96.21a 96.87a 87.51a 97.15a 87.11a CSM3 (1:2) 0 94.15 c 83.17c 79.57c 83.01c 92.35c 89.47c 84.25c 94.15c 83.15c CSM3 (1:2) 2500 96.32 b 86.40b 86.32b 85.18b 95.82b 93.33b 84.99c 96.32b 85.33c Pooled S.E.M¶ 0.683 0.963 0.96 0.921 0.988 0.963 0.978 0.890 0.992 Two-way ANOVA (p-value) FM: CSM 0.001 0.006 0.011 0.011 0.006 0.001 0.035 0.001 0.001 Protease 0.012 0.002 0.018 0.032 0.032 0.001 0.001 0.014 0.011 FM: CSM × Protease 0.032 0.017 0.031 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.021 0.001 0.002 †Treatments means represent the average values of three aquaria per treatment. Duncan multiple range test was conducted for individual means only if there was a significant interaction (ANOVA: P < 0.05). Pooled S.E.M¶ = pooled standard error of the mean. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-real-time-qpcr-assays-used-in-this-3crcm8az.png Table 3 List of real time qPCR assays used in this experiment Gene Primers Amplicon (bp) GenBank no. 18s rRNA F: GGTTGCAAAGCTGAAACTTAAAGG https://scispace.com/papers/partial-reduction-and-selective-transfer-of-hydrogen-3sggk1dk45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydrochlorination-of-acetylene-in-flow-by-feeding-a-1qcyubya.png Figure 3. Hydrochlorination of acetylene in flow by feeding a gas mixture of HCl and acetylene in a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) of Au-TiO2 catalyst dispersed in 1,4-dioxane at 80 8C, for two different catalyst masses. Data could be reproduced in a second run. A mixture of pure acetylene, pure HCl, and part-per-million amounts of toluene as additive passed through a fixed-bed tubular reactor (FBTR) with supported Au-TiO2 gave very similar results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-uv-vis-spectrum-obtained-after-addition-of-hcl-to-16wnradf.png Figure 1. A) UV/Vis spectrum obtained after addition of HCl to a dispersion of Au-TiO2 and trityl(tetrapentafluorophenyl)borate (Ph3C·C24BF20) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane under ambient conditions. B) Cyclic voltammogram of Au-TiO2 contact-probe Pt microelectrode with a HCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (ca. 0.8m). Potential scan rate 50 mVs@1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimized-geometries-of-the-structures-involved-in-jrrsqwm2.png Figure 2. Optimized geometries of the structures involved in the hydrochlorination of phenylacetylene (PA) over an Au38 nanoparticle and calculated energy profiles for PA (black line), methylacetylene (MA; blue line), and dimethylacetylene (DMA; purple line) hydrochlorination yielding the Markovnikov product. Attempts to obtain the anti-Markovnikov product for PA are depicted in red. Distances are given in b. Optimized geometries of all structures plotted in the energy profile are given in the Supporting Information, Figures S16– S18. https://scispace.com/papers/partial-decentralized-wireless-control-through-distributed-1qju8vr0n2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ncree-structure-2qdit8k2.png Figure 1. NCREE Structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-max-drift-versus-floor-figure-6-1adhz3xc.png Figure 5. Experimental max drift versus floor. Figure 6. Experimental max drift versus error threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cost-functions-el-centro-100-gal-1qnmp13o.png Figure 4. Cost functions (El Centro 100 gal). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-narada-wireless-sensor-b-ncree-test-structure-2isouetv.png Figure 3. (a) Narada wireless sensor; (b) NCREE test structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-shows-these-cost-functions-as-a-function-of-error-4zspgi71.png Figures 2 shows these cost functions as a function of error threshold for El Centro, 0.100 m/s2 (100 gal). Again, exceeding the error threshold triggers updating via wireless communication. https://scispace.com/papers/partial-transposition-as-a-direct-link-between-concurrence-3ssi3tzzf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-family-of-d-x-d-axisymmetric-states-3hgwx0kg.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The family of d × d axisymmetric states ρaxi for d = 5. It is characterized by two real parameters x and y describing the off-diagonal matrix elements and the asymmetry between the two types of diagonal elements, respectively [see Eqs. (39)–(41)]. The upper right corner corresponds to the d , the only pure state in the family. The completely mixed state 1 d2 1ld2 is located at the origin so that the isotropic states lie on the solid green line connecting the origin with the upper right corner. Note that this line is divided by the Schmidt number regions in d parts of equal length. Hence the relative area of the separable states (compared to the total area of the triangle) tends to zero for d → ∞ so that for axisymmetric states of large local dimension d , separability is the peculiar feature, rather than entanglement, in agreement with the conclusion for the entire state space in Ref. [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-concurrence-vs-negativity-for-1000-random-1yrhwvr5.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Concurrence vs negativity for 1000 random pure states [45] (blue dots) with d = 4 and r 3. The green lines represent the upper and lower bounds in Eq. (27). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-negativity-for-the-axisymmetric-states-2afwfo2a.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Negativity for the axisymmetric states with d = 5 according to Eq. (50). The results for the concurrence C(ρaxi) are qualitatively identical; the only difference is a scaling https://scispace.com/papers/participant-and-discourse-related-code-switching-by-thai-2agbrvpptt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-code-switches-produced-by-each-boy-in-jq1v7o6i.png Table 4. Number of code-switches produced by each boy in dyadic conversations with each other. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-number-of-code-switches-produced-by-winner-and-301ro78y.png Table 2. Total number of code-switches produced by Winner and his mother in dyadic conversations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-number-of-code-switches-produced-by-willy-and-xhmtefz7.png Table 3. Total number of code-switches produced by Willy and his mother in dyadic conversations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-number-of-code-switches-produced-by-the-two-sap73enh.png Table 1. Total number of code-switches produced by the two boys. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-code-switches-by-each-boy-and-their-mother-28wvx3cc.png Table 5. Number of code-switches by each boy and their mother in triadic conversations. https://scispace.com/papers/partially-coherent-electromagnetic-beams-propagating-through-2a9sghtvp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-irradiance-left-and-degree-of-20q1fnwd.png Figure 2. Normalized irradiance (left) and degree of polarization (right) for a totally linearly polarized, along x (θ = 0), GSM input beam with σ = 3Lx for (a) µ= 3Lx (upper row), (b) µ= Lx (middle row), and (c) µ= Lx/3 (lower row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-irradiance-left-and-degree-of-14xywkoe.png Figure 5. Normalized irradiance (left) and degree of polarization (right) for a totally linearly polarized GSM input beam with θ = π/4 and σ = Lx for (a) µ= 3Lx (upper row), (b) µ= Lx (middle row), and (c) µ= Lx/3 (lower row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalized-irradiance-left-and-degree-of-1eljvmen.png Figure 6. Normalized irradiance (left) and degree of polarization (right) for a totally linearly polarized GSM input beam with θ = π/4 and σ = Lx/3 for (a) µ= 3Lx (upper row), (b) µ= Lx (middle row), and (c) µ= Lx/3 (lower row). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-greek-letter-symbols-and-their-meaning-1a01w5iu.png Table A.2. Greek letter symbols and their meaning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-latin-letters-symbols-and-their-meaning-1wu2kzwu.png Table A.1. Latin letters symbols and their meaning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-irradiance-left-and-degree-of-3ld1ozc5.png Figure 9. Normalized irradiance (left) and degree of polarization (right) for a completely unpolarized GSM input beam with σ = Lx/3 for (a) µ= 3Lx (upper row), (b) µ= Lx (middle row), and (c) µ= Lx/3 (lower row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalized-irradiance-left-and-degree-of-21624i9a.png Figure 3. Normalized irradiance (left) and degree of polarization (right) for a totally linearly polarized, along x (θ = 0), GSM input beam with σ = Lx/3 for (a) µ= 3Lx (upper row), (b) µ= Lx (middle row), and (c) µ= Lx/3 (lower row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-double-wedge-depolarizer-2fxo5v6b.png Figure 1. Scheme of the double-wedge depolarizer. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-based-simulation-of-fluids-4pnv77qyzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-directional-local-grid-a-one-dimensional-grid-is-1cvb8v91.png Figure 1: Directional local grid. A one-dimensional grid is created in the particle’s streamline direction. The quantities are only interpolated in the cut disk area. (After Heot al.12) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-source-with-three-nozzles-filling-a-box-the-fluid-3263xe1a.png Figure 3: A source with three nozzles filling a box. The fluid motion is simulated by 150,000 fluid particles. The fluid is being emitted from three nozzles that hit an obstacle surface set near the top of the box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corridor-flood-simulation-the-fluid-motion-is-km597hts.png Figure 2: Corridor flood simulation. The fluid motion is simulated by 100,000 fluid particles. The simulation time is about 3 minutes per frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-fluids-mixing-in-a-box-the-box-is-being-filled-3tj7431o.png Figure 4: Two fluids mixing in a box. The box is being filled with two fluids with drastically different physical properties (density and viscosity). After interaction and mixing, the second fluid ends up on top of the first fluid. About 80,000 particles were used to compute the fluid motion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-and-important-terms-used-in-the-paper-y5re04hx.png Table 1: Notation and important terms used in the paper. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-in-a-cavity-in-one-dimensional-bandlimited-quantum-1cktceuae0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-various-gup-effects-for-the-234n8lh3.png TABLE I. Comparison of the various GUP effects for the trapezoid-well and the square-well potentials of infinite depth. https://scispace.com/papers/particle-phase-processing-of-a-pinene-no-3-secondary-organic-2nsi8d9i5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-n-c-and-o-c-ratios-measured-by-the-eesi-tof-over-h8sweg7d.png Figure 4: (a) N:C and O:C ratios measured by the EESI-ToF over the course of the experiment (color scale). (b) O:C ratio 565 altered by the removal of –ONO2 groups from the O:C ratio where #Oapparent = #Oreal – 3*#Nreal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-wall-loss-corrected-time-series-of-the-c20h32n2o8-291s8vxi.png Figure 5: (a) Wall-loss corrected time series of the C20H32N2O8-13 molecules observed by the EESI-ToF over the course of dark aging in the chamber from exp 2. (b) All signals normalized to their intensity at t = 10 min. 570 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-precursor-and-soa-mass-a-example-from-26dkfg81.png Figure 1: Evolution of precursor and SOA mass. (a) Example from experiment 2 showing prompt SOA formation and consumption of α-pinene. (b) All experiments performed showing the evaporation occurring during dark aging as measured 545 by the SMPS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-mass-spectrum-presented-for-the-eesi-tof-a-3vrdqd7q.png Figure 2: Average mass spectrum presented for the EESI-ToF. (a) the first 20 min and FIGAERO-CIMS. (b) from the first desorption from experiments 1 (blue), 2 (green), 3 (orange), respectively, taking place between the first 10-46 min of the 550 experiment. The main set of molecules correspond to C20H32N2Ox (x = 8 – 13) for both instruments. (c & d) The binned carbon distribution for experiments 1 – 3 for the same time period as (a) and (b), for the EESI-ToF and FIGAERO, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-axis-total-eesi-tof-intensity-plotted-as-a-3dc2r16e.png Figure 7: (left axis) Total EESI-ToF intensity plotted as a function of the contribution from different sources, particle phase formation products determined from those molecular formulae that increase during dark aging after t = 10 min from experiment 2. (right axis) Measured SMPS mass concentration corrected for wall losses. 585 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-b-carbon-distribution-of-the-molecules-formed-hwikxwnh.png Figure 6: (a & b) Carbon distribution of the molecules formed (blue) and depleted (orange) in the particle phase during aging 575 for both the EESI-ToF (a) and FIGAERO-CIMS (b), respectively for exp 3. (c & d) The change in the oxygen distribution for the C20H32N2O8-13 molecules during dark aging for the EESI-ToF (c) and FIGAERO-CIMS (d), respectively. For panels A and C , a difference is obtained by taking the difference from t = 15 min and t = 150 min from the EESI-ToF. Panels B and D are obtained by taking the difference in the relative sensitivity from the 1st and 3rd filter. For all figures, the formation is shifted negative on the x-axis relative to the nominal carbon number, and the depletion is shifted positive on the x-axis comparatively. 580 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-parameters-for-all-experiments-9ydqg2mh.png Table 1) Experimental parameters for all experiments. aMeasured by the SMPS, bmodeled N2O5 concentration based https://scispace.com/papers/partition-of-tocopheryl-glucopyranoside-into-liposome-3u6evpy35k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-solvation-free-energies-dg-o-kcal-mol-for-4jms1nuf.png Table 2. Calculated solvation free energies ΔG o [kcal/mol] for (I), (II) and functional groups of (II). Details of calculations are described in Section 2.4. https://scispace.com/papers/partners-in-organizing-engagement-between-migrants-and-the-1phwhxd78f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-htas-interviewed-by-us-state-1l5b4h4s.png Table 2: HTAs interviewed by US state https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-htas-in-ime-public-registry-by-mexican-state-source-25zaqizp.png Table 4: HTAs in IME Public Registry by Mexican State (source: ime.gob.mx – accessed May3, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-htas-interviewed-by-year-established-v3tpr84a.png Table 3: HTAs interviewed by year established https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-htas-interviewed-by-mexican-state-e9bvln3h.png Table 1: HTAs interviewed by Mexican State https://scispace.com/papers/passing-the-time-when-in-pain-investigating-the-role-of-1bk6zyqjsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-easiest-trial-chosen-1racdk0e.png Table 4: Frequency of easiest trial chosen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bonferroni-pairwise-comparisons-of-ivs-of-each-audio-2i1sudk2.png Table 5: Bonferroni pairwise comparisons of IVs of each audio condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-familiarity-and-likeability-scores-for-o2kirtw3.png Figure 1: Average familiarity and likeability scores for participant-provided music type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bonferroni-pairwise-comparisons-of-ivs-within-each-14hw6prb.png Table 2: Bonferroni pairwise comparisons of IVs within each udio condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-paired-t-test-investigating-participants-perception-21dozqi5.png Table 3: Paired t-test investigating participants perception f time during pain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-level-of-emotions-induced-by-each-type-of-music-d7w3sad3.png Figure 2: Level of emotions induced by each type of music https://scispace.com/papers/partnership-or-placation-the-role-of-trust-and-justice-in-30e0cyk67m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-understanding-shared-ownership-in-rela-2vxcjn7q.png Fig. 2. Understanding shared ownership in rela https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-understanding-community-energy-in-relation-to-project-358x0cy6.png Fig. 1. Understanding community energy in relation to project process and outcome dimensions [59]. https://scispace.com/papers/past-and-future-impact-of-climate-change-on-foraging-habitat-2sdk9ek1gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fitting-conditional-logistic-regression-model-1ew3lpkx.png Table 2. Best-fitting conditional logistic regression model for foraging habitat selection by breeding snowfinches during the nestling rearing period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1msvd5s9.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3tkz361d.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-habitat-variables-measured-within-a-5-m-3tf5c961.png Table 1. List of habitat variables measured within a 5-m radius at foraging and control plots, with information about methods, metrics and descriptor category. Ground cover variables sum up to 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1t8i92s8.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/passivity-check-of-s-parameter-descriptor-systems-via-s-kcu3rwmhj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-s-ghm-and-s-hghm-test-results-for-the-admittance-2ycb6haz.png TABLE IV S-GHM AND S-HGHM TEST RESULTS FOR THE ADMITTANCE REDUCED MODEL (ON THE MOEBIUS-TRANSFORMED SYSTEM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-cpu-time-comparison-of-s-ghm-and-s-hghm-in-second-2b10783x.png TABLE V CPU TIME COMPARISON OF S-GHM AND S-HGHM (IN SECOND) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-real-part-of-the-transfer-function-of-the-original-fkrtppir.png Fig. 5. The real part of the transfer function of the original order-53 admittance DS model. The dots are the results from S-GHM and S-HGHM tests, which are accurately located at the boundaries of passivity violations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-s-ghm-s-hghm-test-results-for-the-multiport-parameter-3tmt1ftq.png Fig. 6. S-GHM/S-HGHM test results for the multiport -parameter DS model. The dots are the results from S-GHM and S-HGHM tests, which are accurately located at the boundaries of passivity violations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrative-examples-for-different-kinds-of-dss-a-a-277shbpy.png Fig. 1. Illustrative examples for different kinds of DSs. (a) A globally strictly passive DS. This DS has no crossover points and its transfer matrix is always unit-bounded. (b) A consistently nonpassive DS. This DS does not have any crossover points, but it is nonpassive at any frequency point. (c) A DS with locally passive and nonpassive regions. This DS is nonpassive in intervals , , and . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-applicability-of-different-passivity-tests-3iafsuzo.png TABLE I APPLICABILITY OF DIFFERENT PASSIVITY TESTS https://scispace.com/papers/passive-ris-vs-hybrid-ris-a-comparative-study-on-channel-h498rsqru8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mse-of-the-products-of-path-gains-r5fexv85.png Fig. 3. MSE of the products of path gains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unlike-the-passive-ris-a-hybrid-ris-architecture-is-a-38heqlj6.png Fig. 1. Unlike the passive RIS, a hybrid RIS architecture is a combination of both passive and active elements. In this example, 4 out of 18 RIS elements are active, and the rest are passive. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ris-gain-6jud69zb.png Fig. 4. RIS gain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-se-bound-1z35wwsp.png Fig. 5. Average SE bound. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mse-of-the-channel-parameter-estimation-3sbfvclz.png Fig. 2. MSE of the channel parameter estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-setup-for-the-hybrid-ris-architecture-3pylv2o2.png TABLE I PARAMETERS SETUP FOR THE HYBRID RIS ARCHITECTURE. https://scispace.com/papers/patent-examination-at-the-state-intellectual-property-office-2w6929wzbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-grant-ratios-according-to-applicants-origin-all-f3aoieg0.png Figure 3: Grant ratios according to applicant’s origin (all SIPO applications). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yearly-patent-indicators-of-all-sipo-patent-3q8zehst.png Table 2: Yearly patent indicators of all SIPO patent applications (1990-2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-of-a-cox-proportional-hazards-1ssc5zrb.png Table 3: Estimation results of a Cox proportional hazards model for SIPO patent applications from 1991-2002. Note: Standard errors of coefficient estimates are reported in brackets. Significance levels are denoted as follows: ** 1%, * 5%, + 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patent-examination-process-at-the-sipo-from-2001-2bkrxoru.png Figure 1: Patent examination process at the SIPO from 2001 onwards.21 Final outcomes of the examination procedure are shaded in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sipo-patent-applications-and-grants-1990-2002-1nk9o2kx.png Figure 2: SIPO patent applications and grants (1990-2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-from-the-second-stage-of-a-1tvslgsm.png Table 4: Estimation results from the second stage of a Heckman selection model (duration of patent examination) for SIPO patent applications from 1991-2002 conditional on a patent grant taking place (first stage). Note: Standard errors of coefficient estimates are reported in brackets. Significance levels are denoted as follows: ** 1%, * 5%, + 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-density-function-of-sipo-patent-grant-3d5axilo.png Figure 4: Probability density function of SIPO patent grant lags.22 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grant-ratios-and-lags-across-technological-areas-all-2ybl4i8q.png Table 1: Grant ratios and lags across technological areas (all SIPO applications 1990-2002). https://scispace.com/papers/path-creation-in-the-software-industry-the-case-of-software-17yxllk8tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-figures-of-software-ag-until-2009-since-1988-375385sy.png Table 1: Key figures of Software AG until 2009 * since 1988 number of employees worldwide, before only Software AG Deutschland; ** since 2003 accounting according to IFRS); Sources: until 1986 personal records of Peter Schnell, afterwards Software AG annual reports. https://scispace.com/papers/patenting-in-the-shadow-of-independent-discoveries-by-rivals-41854j0z0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ownrxpif.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-of-the-game-1uv06699.png Figure 1 : Timing of the game https://scispace.com/papers/pathogenesis-of-eimeria-praecox-in-chickens-virulence-of-52b1tv521a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-specific-primers-and-methods-for-pcr-assays-1xcw8eah.png Table 1. Species-specific primers and methods for PCR assays of E. praecox and E. acervulina used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-unopened-duodenum-of-bird-infected-with-106-8r4xunei.png Figure 4. A = Unopened duodenum of bird infected with 106 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina (Houghton), showing wrinkled appearance; B = Jejunal mucosa, under saline, of bird infected with 0.25 106 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina (Houghton), showing rounded lesions; C = Smear of duodenal mucosa of bird infected with 106 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina (Houghton), showing villi containing oocysts (o); D = Muscularis mucosae of the duodenum, under saline, of bird infected with 106 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina (Houghton), showing inflammation, and “ghosts” of the coria of the stripped-off villi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-feed-conversion-ratios-for-three-time-periods-3k5qc5s0.png Table 4. Mean feed conversion ratios for three time periods after infection: each species analysed separately https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relative-sizes-and-shapes-of-the-oocysts-in-the-3d4nj5hr.png Figure 2. The relative sizes and shapes of the oocysts in the inocula used for experimental infections. A = E. acervulina (Houghton); B = E. praecox (Houghton); C = E. praecox (Raleigh); D = E. praecox (Tynygongl). Scale bars = 20 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pcr-assay-gel-confirming-specific-identifications-23hqdbtp.png Figure 1. PCR assay gel confirming specific identifications of E. praecox strains used in this study. Lane 1: E. praecox (Houghton); Lane 2: E. praecox (Tynygongl); Lane 3: E. praecox (Raleigh); Lane 4: Positive control (“Hipracox Broilers”, a vaccine that includes E. praecox); Lane 5: Negative control; Lane 6: DNA marker (100 bp ladder, Qiagen). https://scispace.com/papers/path-dependent-convex-conservation-laws-3cy90c1h0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-curve-a-a1-a2-along-with-the-line-segments-in-l-2qtvljq8.png Figure 3. The curve α = (α1, α2) along with the line segments in L+ and L−. The complement of K+ and K− are hatched in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-r-z-r-z-and-ormt-m-z-for-a-given-382b1nq1.png Figure 1. Illustration of ρ+z , ρ − z and Ormτ,M±(z) for a given path z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-drawing-of-the-factorization-of-the-p3rlps51.png Figure 2. Schematic drawing of the factorization of the solution map. https://scispace.com/papers/path-quality-monitoring-in-the-presence-of-adversaries-the-277ils1fd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-estimator-vi-1-vi-for-each-link-i-1-i-2yki7g54.png Fig. 4. Distribution of estimator Vi−1 − Vi for each link (i − 1, i) using packet-hashing with a PRF and with Ni = 800i2, T = 106, δ = β = 2α = 1% and threshold Γ = 1333, computed via numerical experiments. K = 4 nodes. (Top) The benign case, where each link drops exactly α/(K + 1) packets. (Bottom) The malicious case. There is a congestion of rate ρ = β/K2 randomly dropping packets on each link, and Eve drops β/K − ρ packets on every link except the (4,5) link. https://scispace.com/papers/pathological-beta-burst-dynamics-are-conserved-across-4vejb6vrw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-burst-power-of-the-four-movement-tasks-for-1zvjogqs.png Figure 5. Mean burst power of the four movement tasks for twelve subject cohort. (A) See Figure 4 legend for explanation of box and whisker plots. Points representing individual mean burst power of each STN are plotted. (B, C) Mean burst power for each STN shown for both more affected and least affected sides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-mean-burst-duration-of-the-four-3p5p485b.png Figure 4. Distribution of mean burst duration of the four movement tasks for twelve participant cohort (24 STNs). (A) In the box plots, the boundary of the box closest to the x-axis represents the 25th percentile, the center line represents the median, and the highest boundary indicates the 75th percentile. Whiskers above and below the box represent the maximum value of the data above the 75th percentile that is within 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR) and the minimum value of the data below the 25th percentile that is within 1.5 times the IQR, respectively. (B,C) Mean burst durations for each STN shown for the more and less affected sides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neural-and-kinematic-signals-of-the-movement-tasks-f38rgl4r.png Figure 3. Neural and kinematic signals of the movement tasks from one participant. (A) LFP PSD diagrams during the four different movement tasks from one participant. The yellow highlighted area represents the patient-specific movement band. Movement band envelope (upper panel) and kinematic (lower panel) synchronized recordings from, (B) repetitive alternating finger tapping (RAFT), (C) repetitive wrist flexion-extension (rWFE), and (D) stepping in place (SIP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-burst-duration-distributions-of-elevated-and-1gk0a8vm.png Figure 2. Burst duration distributions of elevated and overlapping band during the resting state for all STNs. Burst durations above the threshold of 210 ms were labelled as prolonged (red) and those below were labelled as physiological (black). Five points in the elevated band are not shown as they represented durations > 5000 ms. The insert shows a resting state (red) and a pink noise (gray) PSD diagram. The elevated and overlapping bands are represented by the yellow and green highlighted area, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-method-for-determining-burst-durations-a-psd-1jz4l3if.png Figure 1. Method for determining burst durations (A) PSD diagrams of 30 seconds during a participant’s resting state (red) versus pink noise (gray). The yellow, shaded area represents the 6 Hz band centered on the peak of the elevated portion in the PSD. The green-dashed lines display the band (non-pathological) where there was no elevation of the resting state PSD above the pink noise or simulated 1/f activity. (B) Consecutive, 6 Hz envelopes of the filtered, rectified and squared resting state LFP during the resting state within the non-pathological, high frequency range. The red lines signify the median power of the troughs from each envelope. (C) The envelope of a 6 Hz band centered around the peak of the of the beta band (shaded yellow in A). The threshold for determining burst durations, represented by the red line, was calculated by multiplying the average median trough powers within the high frequency range by a factor of four, see text. https://scispace.com/papers/pathological-features-in-marine-birds-affected-by-the-1m0ro3mhsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kidney-common-murre-intratubular-accumulations-of-2b2vvhmq.png FIGURE 3. Kidney; common murre. Intratubular accumulations of basophilic material (small spheroids) consistent with urate deposits. H&E. Bar 5 40 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-guillemot-disseminated-aspergillosis-characterized-daevdvbn.png FIGURE 4. Guillemot. Disseminated aspergillosis characterized by multiple small and whitish fungal plaques. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-examined-animals-according-to-the-2aynmn6o.png TABLE 1. Distribution of examined animals according to the species, sex and age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-species-in-which-the-tissues-were-selected-1jsyve3b.png TABLE 2. Number of species in which the tissues were selected for histophologic examination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cachetic-common-murre-with-severe-atrophy-of-the-1wy35axd.png FIGURE 1. Cachetic common murre with severe atrophy of the pectoral muscles and absence of subcutaneous fat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-liver-cormorant-deposits-of-haemosiderin-in-the-3mfr7dv9.png FIGURE 2. Liver; cormorant. Deposits of haemosiderin in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Perl’s Prussian blue. Bar 5 40 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/pathological-features-of-cerebral-cortical-capillaries-are-423geprup9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neuropathological-characterization-of-the-patients-jgd9h96u.png Table 1 Neuropathological characterization of the patients included in the study (AA amyloid angiopathy, Amyl cerebral amyloid deposits, B brain stem predominant Lewy bodies, BP blood pressure, HT hypertenison, ecAS extracerebral atherosclerosis, icAS intracerebral atherosclerosis, L limbic Lewy bodies, LB Lewy Body, N neocortical Lewy bodies, NFT neurofibrillary tangles, SN pathol substantia nigra pathology) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-individual-data-of-pd-cases-with-or-3aidbfci.png Table 3 Summary of the individual data of PD cases with or without dementia (PD Parkinson’s disease, dem dementia) https://scispace.com/papers/patient-reported-cosmetic-outcome-after-vacuum-assisted-3l8zn37eyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-histology-results-before-vae-n-77-1iw6tbmb.png Table 2. Histology results before VAE, N = 77 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-association-between-weight-of-the-resected-specimen-2apoul3j.png Figure 3. Association between weight of the resected specimen and tumor size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-all-patients-1to8ifzv.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of all patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-association-between-tumor-size-and-cosmetic-outcome-39wkmfrb.png Figure 1. Association between tumor size and cosmetic outcome https://scispace.com/papers/patients-with-infective-endocarditis-referred-to-division-of-fs7fc7aciu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-10rsx4wj.png FIGURE 2 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-iy4kj2on.png FIGURE 3 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-patients-with-infective-2q4675rg.png Table 3 Characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis treated surgically (n=238) 1 and conservatively (n=53). 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-uhcs8jhb.png FIGURE 4 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-patients-with-infective-132wppoq.png Table 4 Characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis who were alive (n=231) 1 and dead (n=60) after 1 year. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-microbial-agents-1-koikaqkt.png Table 2 Distribution of microbial agents. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-3n7rv6sy.png FIGURE 1 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-291-patients-with-infective-3egzcr01.png Table 1 Characteristics of the 291 patients with infective endocarditis. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/patients-experience-of-wearing-multimodal-sensor-devices-44fh828hac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-major-themes-minor-themes-and-subthemes-emerging-1ig2xi9e.png Table 3. Major themes, minor themes and subthemes emerging from the discussions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-technical-characteristics-of-wearable-devices-34lna3l4.png Table 1. Technical characteristics of wearable devices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-clinical-characteristics-1njoj5jv.png Table 2. Demographic & Clinical Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/pattern-and-evolution-of-seismo-ionospheric-disturbances-8sb0iiynu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mean-value-and-root-mean-square-of-filtered-tec-2apoq9fp.png Figure 4. The mean value and root mean square of filtered TEC with the different band-pass windows from near to far field during UTC 5:00–9:00 in March 2011. The three dot lines are corresponding to the time of the main shock and the two aftershocks with Mw> 7. The focal mechanism solution is provided by the Global Centroid-Moment-Tensor (CMT) Project [Ekström et al., 2012]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ground-based-ionosphere-sounding-from-dual-1nd78cwo.png Figure 1. Ground-based ionosphere sounding from dual-frequency GPS in Japan. The colored dots on the assumed ionospheric thin shell show the sub-ionospheric pierce points (SIP) distribution on UTC 05:46, 11 March 2011. The white star is the epicenter location of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the red dots on the ground show the distribution of GEONET stations, and the green rectangle is the rupture region estimated by the Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology (http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-sea-level-variation-recorded-by-three-near-3jsbmgz2.png Figure 5. The sea level variation recorded by three near field Bottom Pressure Recorders (BPR).The data are provided by Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami(DART) buoys (http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/). The slopes of the two red dash lines show the horizontal velocities (3071 and 234m/s, based on linear fitting) of two disturbances. The three dot lines are the same with Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-geomagnetic-index-and-solar-radio-flux-at-the-2tcg8usy.png Figure 11. Geomagnetic index and solar radio flux at the wavelength of 10.7 cm variation in March 2013. The Dst (a) and AE (b) index series in March 2011 are provided by the World Data Centre (WDC) for Geomagnetism, Kyoto (http://wdc. kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). The Ap (c) index is from GeoForchungsZentrum (GFZ) (http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/), and solar radio flux (d) at the wavelength of 10.7 cm is provided by the Space Physics Interactive Data Resource (SPIDR) (http://spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-amplitudes-of-the-absolute-filtered-tec-19vdof78.png Figure 6. Average amplitudes of the absolute filtered TEC variations with the distance to the epicenter during UTC05:00– 09:00, 0–500 km (top left), 500–1000 (top right), and 1000–1500 km (bottom left). The blue line is the onset of the Tohoku earthquake in the Distance-UTC plane. In the right bottom, the color scale is the number of SIP at corresponding time and regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-travel-time-diagram-of-post-seismic-tec-29j2m7xn.png Figure 7. Travel time diagram of post-seismic TEC disturbances following the Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011. The SIP with azimuth angles of 260–350° and satellite elevation angles of 20–90° are used. The disturbance amplitude is described by the scaled color. The bottom right figure shows the SIP location area with a yellow sector patch. The red circles are equidistance line to the epicenter corresponding to 500–2500 km with a 500 km interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tec-disturbances-observed-by-the-station-2106-with-292vcj4g.png Figure 3. TEC disturbances observed by the station 2106 with PRN 26 on 11 March 2013. The left panel is the filtered vertical TEC, and the right panel describes the observation geometry. The blue line in the right top panel is the SIP trajectory. The star and circle show the location of the epicenter and the station 2016. The right bottom panel shows the satellites’ elevation angle (red line) and the geodetic distance between the SIP and epicenter (blue line). https://scispace.com/papers/patterning-induced-ferromagnetism-of-fe3gete2-van-der-waals-trsgn45iln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-and-magnetic-measurement-of-12a2flvo.png Figure 1. Crystal structure and magnetic measurement of Fe3GeTe2. (a) Crystal structure (side view and top view) of Fe3GeTe2. (b) Temperature dependence of the bulk Fe3GeTe2 magnetization (black line) measured using SQUID in a 0.7 T magnetic field along the magnetization easy axis (c axis) after zero-field cooling. The red circles represent the Fe XMCD signal. Magnetic hysteresis loops measured with SQUID in magnetic fields applied (c) perpendicular to and (d) parallel to the c axis of bulk Fe3GeTe2 crystal at different temperatures. (e) Fe 2p level X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) at T = 110 K for magnetization parallel (black line) and antiparallel (red line) to the incident X-rays. The difference of the XAS (XMCD signal) measures the Fe3GeTe2 magnetic long-range order. Both SQUID and XMCD data show TC ≈ 230 K for bulk Fe3GeTe2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnetic-domain-images-of-patterned-fe3gete2-2be8rl2n.png Figure 4. Magnetic domain images of patterned Fe3GeTe2 microstructures. Micron-sized diamond-shaped and rectangular patterned structures in 250 nm Fe3GeTe2 exhibit stripe domains between (a) T = 110 K and (b) 220 K. The out-of-plane stripe contrast is weakened as the temperature approaches (c) 230 K and disappears at higher temperature, i.e., (d) 240 K and (e) 300 K. Meanwhile, an in-plane magnetic contrast develops above 230 K, showing the formation of a magnetic vortex state in the diamond-shaped microstructure and a multidomain state in the rectangular structure. (f) Temperature dependence of the magnetic stripe contrast (out-of-plane magnetization component) and the spatially averaged contrast (in-plane magnetization component) from the two selected areas (labeled as A and B in panel d) indicate a spin-reorientation transition from an out-of-plane stripe-domain phase at T < 230 K to an in-plane vortex phase at T > 230 K, with an enhanced TC higher than room temperature. The arrows in panel e show the in-plane magnetization directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thickness-dependent-stripe-domains-at-t-110-k-3akjjj1r.png Figure 3. Thickness-dependent stripe domains at T = 110 K. Magnetic domain images from Fe3GeTe2 flakes with thickness of (a) d = 14, (b) 16, (c) 28, (d) 44, (e) 55, (f) 65, (g) 78, and (h) 166 nm. The thickness was determined by AFM (Figure S1). (i) Stripe width as a function of Fe3GeTe2 flake thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-dependent-domain-imaging-of-fe3gete2-a-28lrz51w.png Figure 2. Temperature-dependent domain imaging of Fe3GeTe2. (a) PEEM topography image of a Fe3GeTe2 flake (golden color) on a silicon substrate (purple color). The lower-right inset shows line scan obtained with an atomic force microscope along the red line from which the Fe3GeTe2 flake thickness of 180 nm is determined. The dashed box (10 μmx10 μm) indicates the area from which magnetic domains were imaged. (b−h) Magnetic-stripe domains of Fe3GeTe2 at different temperatures. Disappearance of the stripe domains above 230 K confirms the Curie temperature of 230 K. Scale bar and color bar are for magnetic-domain images. https://scispace.com/papers/patterning-instability-on-the-mars-polar-ice-caps-txvpq3o66c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scales-and-parameters-of-our-dimensionless-modela-1ptrygxc.png Table 1. Scales and Parameters of our Dimensionless Modela https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sublimation-rate-m-as-a-function-of-vapor-3rt61h6l.png Figure 3. (a) Sublimation rate _m as a function of vapor pressure f on lines of constant dust fraction f (which controls surface albedo) for a horizontal ice surface. (b) Phase portrait (f, f) of equations (9) and (10) when the albedo feedback dominates ( = 2). It shows an unstable trajectory spiraling out from the point P. (c) Phase portrait (f, f) when the vapor feedback dominates ( = 0.05). It shows stable trajectories that approach P after meeting the f-nullcline. Both phase portraits are calculated from the dimensionless model assuming f0 = 0.2, g = 1, and a zenith angle 72.5 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-topography-evolution-on-a-hypothetical-polar-ice-157i3ots.png Figure 6. Topography evolution on a hypothetical polar ice cap under (a) poleward wind and (b) equatorward or katabatic wind. Black and white strips at the top of each plot show the corresponding albedo pattern in plan view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cartoon-of-the-polar-cap-surface-and-definition-of-1eoknjke.png Figure 2. Cartoon of the polar cap surface and definition of several key variables in our model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dispersion-relations-from-our-linear-stability-162xmpij.png Figure 4. Dispersion relations from our linear stability analysis with g = 1, k = 1, and values of n1, n2, n3, and Pe derived from Table 1. (a) Re l1(k)/d for u = 1 (poleward wind) and for u = 1 (equatorward wind). (b) Re l2(k) for six different wind speeds indicate a Turing instability at high k and a wind-activated transport instability at low k, regardless of wind direction. The lowest unstable wavenumber kc(u) may be found by setting Re l2(k) = 0 in equation (33) and solving for k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-propagation-of-an-oscillatory-front-in-left-ot4e9axp.png Figure 5. (top) Propagation of an oscillatory front in (left) dust fraction and (right) vapor pressure over polar ice at four times in the simulation described in section 6.2, which assumes model parameters u = g = 1 and f0 = 0.2. The front leaves behind an alternating albedo pattern (f = 0 indicates high albedo, f = 1 indicates low albedo) associated with which is a saw-tooth pattern in vapor pressure. The final pattern is stable owing to positive albedo feedback on the surface mass balance. (bottom) Sublimation rate at t = 350 years expressed as ice thickness sublimed per year. For comparison, equation (42) predicts the (theoretical) pattern spacing to be L = 2.05 or, dimensionally, 20.5 km. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-and-correlates-of-expressed-emotion-perceived-4d8clq2pdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ee-status-perceived-criticism-and-parenting-style-261zcx9z.png TABLE 2. EE Status, Perceived Criticism, and Parenting Style https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlates-of-hee-status-and-eoi-4auptero.png TABLE 3. Correlates of HEE Status and EOI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-description-n-31-ujof4uty.png TABLE 1. Sample Description (N = 31) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlates-of-optimal-and-adverse-rearing-5kf1dah4.png TABLE 4. Correlates of Optimal and Adverse Rearing https://scispace.com/papers/pbs-and-mgso4-differentially-affect-the-response-of-maize-3l4z6gqrgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-images-of-maize-seedling-root-ne963cag.png Figure 2. Representative images of maize seedling root systems with four inoculation treatments: PBS, MgSO4, PBS + Sp7 and MgSO4 + Sp7. Images are the most representative example from sample groups of five (per treatment). C – bar = 10 cm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-chlorophyll-contents-of-maize-seedlings-3i60xdxa.png Figure 1. Relative chlorophyll contents of maize seedlings subjected to four inoculation treatments. Statistical differences (p < 0.05) are denoted by different letters and error bars represent a 5% standard error (SE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electron-microscopy-em-images-of-azospirillum-1apih1q5.png Figure 4. Electron microscopy (EM) images of Azospirillum brasilense (Sp7). A–B: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Sp7; C–D: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of Sp7-treated maize roots (bars: A, B = 2.5 µm; C = 2 µm; D = 6 µm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-winrhizo-r-root-values-for-four-inoculation-2vu33hbb.png Table 1. WinRHIZO® root values for four inoculation treatments in maize seedlings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-root-area-cm2-in-function-of-diameter-class-mm-12vu6xqe.png Table 2. Total root area (cm2) in function of diameter class (mm) for four inoculation treatments in maize seedlings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-highest-leaf-arch-height-cm-statistical-399sl64b.png Figure 3. Average highest leaf arch height (cm). Statistical differences (p < 0.05) are denoted by different letters and error bars represent a 5% SE https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-of-aeolian-deposition-in-subtropical-australia-18tgupfant 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-radial-plots-showing-the-single-grain-de-h73gaez9.png Figure 5. Radial plots showing the single-grain De distributions obtained for OSL samples from the BL18-3 core and NSI18 dunes. The grey shaded band on each plot is centered on the De value (in Gy) used for the final age calculation. For all samples, the De value has been calculated using the central age model (CAM) of Galbraith et al. (1999). For comparative purposes, the finite mixture model (FMM) dose components identified for samples marked with an asterisk (*) are shown in Supplementary Figure S5b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-north-stradbroke-island-wetland-records-with-an-1y5rxlkr.png Figure 8. North Stradbroke Island wetland records with an extended range of inorganic sediment accumulation, and North Stradbroke Island dune crest ages over the last 160 ka. A global sea level curve is shown (Grant et al., 2014) (R.S.L.=relative sea level) along with the Brown Lake, Fern Gully Lagoon (Kemp et al., 2020), and Welsby Lagoon (Lewis et al., 2020) inorganic sediment accumulation records. The pink areas represent hiatus periods experienced at these wetlands. The red rectangle and arrow show the portion of the graph expanded in the bottom inset and identifies the change in mean accumulation rate between the wetland records. Dune OSL ages from this study (circles) are compared with those of Ellerton et al. (2020) (squares) andWalker et al. (2018) (triangles) from the Cooloola SandMass, with the timing of Yankee Jack dune building highlighted in yellow (Ellerton et al., 2020). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-optical-images-sedimentary-units-and-67qqujgk.png Figure 3. (color online) Optical images, sedimentary units, and properties of BL18 (black) and BL09 (grey) as measured using the loss on ignition approach. Graphs are aligned by depth and show sediment (a) moisture content, (b) bulk density, and (c) inorganic content. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-online-conceptual-model-of-sediment-36e2nk1z.png Figure 7. (color online) Conceptual model of sediment deposition and water level at Brown Lake during major climate phases referred to in text. The BL18 stratigraphic log was selected to represent the sedimentary units for the basin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-north-stradbroke-island-dune-sample-3iklatt0.png Figure 1. Location of North Stradbroke Island, dune sample sites, and locations referenced in text. (a) Position of the island in relation to Australia, outlined by a red square. (b) Dune field map adapted from Patton et al. (2019), overlain by the OSL sample sites in this study. (c) Satellite image of North Stradbroke Island (source: Google Earth) and the position of wetlands referenced in text. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bayesian-age-depth-model-constructed-in-oxcal-2n8n21aq.png Figure 6. Bayesian age-depth model constructed in OxCal version 4.3.2 using the single-grain OSL and 14C ages obtained for the BL09 (left) and BL18 (right) cores. The original probability distributions for the OSL (blue) and 14C (green) age estimates (the likelihoods) and the posterior modeling distributions are represented as light and dark shading of the respective colors. The age-depth model envelopes show the 99%, 95%, and 68% highest probability density ranges for each of the main depositional units (green, red, and magenta), as identified by sedimentological analysis. The modeled posterior distributions for the unit boundaries are shown in grey. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scanning-xrf-elemental-counts-per-second-cps-of-2j1znf9x.png Figure 4. Scanning XRF elemental counts per second (CPS) of selected terrigenous elements (as identified using Principal Component Analysis). Aluminum elemental counts (grey line) overlain by a 10 point moving average (black line). Yellow and orange shading represent the sand (sub-unit 2.1) and transitional (sub-unit 2.2) layers observed in the BL18 sedimentary sequence, respectively. For biogenic element correlations the reader is directed to Supplementary Figure S8. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-compilation-of-dust-and-inorganic-flux-records-from-13kqc5h0.png Figure 9. Compilation of dust and inorganic flux records from North Stradbroke Island and the ocean for the past 65 ka. Periods shown are modified from those identified in the OZ-INTIMATE climate synthesis (Reeves et al., 2013). The dust records shown include dust flux from Tortoise Lagoon, Native Companion Lagoon (Petherick et al., 2011, 2017), the South Pacific Ocean (Lamy et al., 2014), and Brown Lake. Relative sea level data from the Red Sea (Grant et al., 2014) are displayed in grey and overlain by composite sea-level record data (Lambeck et al., 2014). The yellow shaded box represents a potentially eroded section containing mixture of non-lacustrine and aeolian material, as discussed in the text. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/pcrc-based-hpf-compilation-4hfe4b7asr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-representation-of-the-distributed-array-15uk3p8i.png Figure 2: A representation of the distributed array descriptor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-synthetic-benchmark-involving-cyclic-distribution-2hnn1vjb.png Figure 6: Synthetic benchmark involving cyclic distribution format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generic-array-section-assignment-ros99ja3.png Figure 4: Generic array section assignment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-laplace-update-a8copg9t.png Figure 5: Laplace update. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compilation-system-overview-12uhk143.png Figure 1: Compilation system overview https://scispace.com/papers/pd-ii-ni-ii-pyrazolate-framework-as-active-and-recyclable-i91e88mskf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-selectivity-to-the-hydration-product-5-306dc6tl.png Figure 3. (a) Selectivity to the hydration product 5 (acetophenone) vs. conversion of phenylacetylene and (b) initial rate for the phenylacetylene conversion in the presence of different HY commercial faujasite zeolites containing Pd(NH3)42+ and a Si/Al ratio of 2.5 (CBV600), 15 (CBV720), 30 (CBV760) and 40 (CBV901). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pxrd-of-samples-k-nibdp-green-pd-nibdp-as-prepared-4zvif2y1.png Figure 4. PXRD of samples K@NiBDP (green), Pd@NiBDP “as-prepared” (violet) and Pd@NiBDP after the catalytic test (magenta). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adsorption-isotherms-for-k-nibdp-pd-nibdp-before-34gp37bk.png Figure 5. Adsorption isotherms for K@NiBDP, Pd@NiBDP before the reaction and Pd@NiBDP after 2 reuses in the hydroamination of 2-ethynylaniline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reusability-of-pd-nibdp-and-pd-hy-in-4-reaction-2wwr2hqb.png Figure 6. Reusability of Pd@NiBDP and Pd@HY in 4 reaction cycles (a) and hot-filtration test of Pd@NiBDP (b) in the intramolecular hydroamination of 2-ethenylaniline. Dotted-black lines corresponds to the conversion measured in the filtrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intramolecular-a-and-intermolecular-b-3mqvj191.png Figure 1. Intramolecular (a) and intermolecular (b) hydroamination of terminal alkynes with anilines using Pd(NH3)2Cl2 exchanged porous solids. Reaction conditions: 1 mmol of reactant(s) and 50 mg of catalyst in 3 ml of toluene at 80 ºC under stirring for 48 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proposed-reaction-mechanism-for-the-intramolecular-1z7bbp12.png Figure 7. Proposed reaction mechanism for the intramolecular hydroamination or hydration reaction over the Pd@NiBDP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conversion-time-a-b-and-selectivity-conversion-c-d-965d0zn2.png Figure 2. Conversion-time (a, b) and selectivity-conversion (c, d) to the hydroamination product 1 or 4 using 50 mg of catalysts in 3 ml of toluene at 80 ºC. https://scispace.com/papers/peak-power-reduction-of-ofdm-signals-with-sign-adjustment-3voyryjv39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-pr-pmepr-l-for-n-128-and-using-greedy-2jyrkyiz.png Fig. 2. Comparison of Pr(PMEPR > λ) for n = 128 and using Greedy algorithm for different value of p and for 5000 codewords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pmepr-distribution-for-n-128-and-using-a-qpsk-13c44mre.png Fig. 5. PMEPR distribution for n = 128 and using a QPSK constellation with K = 2, 4 and 6 using pruning with m = 4 compared to the PMEPR distribution using SLM algorithm randomized by 4 and 8 Hadamard vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rate-and-pmepr-tradeoff-for-n-128-using-greedy-2qlechzt.png Fig. 6. Rate and PMEPR tradeoff for n = 128 using Greedy Algorithm for different block length K . Here PMEPR is the value η such that Pr(PMEPR > η) = 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-pr-pmepr-l-for-n-128-using-the-pruning-afxluve6.png Fig. 4. Comparison of Pr(PMEPR > λ) for n = 128 using the pruning algorithms compared to the greedy algorithm without pruning with p = 6 for 5000 random codewords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-comparison-of-the-pmepr-reduction-using-algorithm-1-1e8i26xq.png Fig. 3. A comparison of the PMEPR reduction using Algorithm 1, 2, and 3 for 5000 random codewords and for 64QAM constellation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-pr-pmepr-l-for-a-multicarrier-system-1h1r7rbc.png Fig. 1. Comparison of Pr(PMEPR > λ) for a multicarrier system with n = 128 and a single carrier system using 64QAM constellation for 5000 random codewords. https://scispace.com/papers/peanut-bud-necrosis-tospovirus-s-rna-complete-nucleotide-l5c39b6yd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-complete-nucleot-de-sequence-of-pbnv-s-rna-the-2zwf7knu.png Fig. 1. The complete nucleot~de sequence of PBNV S RNA. The PBNV S RNA sequence 13057 nucieotidn) is presented as DNA sequence in the 5' to 3' vlral sense polar~ty and 15 numberedon the right. Thededucedamlnoac~dsequenceolrheprote~n encoded by the vrral sense RNA is shown abave the RNA sequence. The sequence of the proteln encoded by the viral complementary sense RNA strand is shown b low thc RNA sequence Potent~;~l N-glycosylation ales are underl~ned. Asterisks indicale the stop codons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-m-r-l-l-s-p-l-e-a-l-l-g-n-n-c-u-l-or-1-1-3-nsi-pr-vln-385zn72o.png Fig. 2. M r l l s p l e a l l g n n ~ c u l or 1 1 3 ~ NSI pr.,vln squence of ,I\ l o a p o - xaruxr (a) : t n d N proran wqucnrc r ~ f ~ l ~ ~ r ~ u c t t to,pt , \ , tnx jur \ ~aol;,lcb I b ) nl bur w - r o g r a n I p % Ths r l l g n m r . n l tvilr t l t m c sllh l l l c C'l Il\lrl V p n , g r a n l I>il,ho r c p r e w n t e;tp, ~ n l r o d u c p J 11, r c ; t c l ~ <,p l~nt ; t l ; t I ~ g n a t r n l . I ' c f i e c l l y https://scispace.com/papers/pectoral-muscle-detection-in-mammograms-based-on-polar-2ocl4usmu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-error-normalized-by-the-diagonal-of-the-image-in-the-11hvksi4.png Fig. 2. Error (normalized by the diagonal of the image) in the position of the muscle boundary of the proposed method as measured by the average distance over 50 DDSM mammograms and 100 HSJ mammograms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mammogram-pre-processing-twp3a19e.png Fig. 1. Mammogram pre-processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selected-poor-results-12nrvrwl.png Fig. 4. Selected poor results. https://scispace.com/papers/pecvd-silicon-nitride-diaphragms-for-condenser-microphones-53c3x63llz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-picture-of-a-300-x-300-pm-silicon-nitride-xm5xjtqt.png Fig. 6. SEM picture of a 300 x 300 pm silicon nitride diaphragm. https://scispace.com/papers/peer-review-in-online-professional-communities-to-support-1xmjx09bhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-overview-21ch1rsc.png Table 1. Participant Overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lesson-cycle-template-3l7avh2v.png Table 5. Lesson Cycle Template https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peer-review-lesson-cycle-rubric-2lulpkcc.png Table 2. Peer Review Lesson Cycle Rubric https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-completed-peer-review-rubric-2pbyhjsk.png Figure 1. Sample Completed Peer Review Rubric https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-1cvjv6ve.png Table 5. Lesson Cycle Template https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-lesson-cycle-rubric-2g2y0ua4.png Table 3. Final Lesson Cycle Rubric https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-peer-review-lesson-cycle-tirneline-361o69dq.png Table 4. Peer Review/Lesson Cycle Tirneline https://scispace.com/papers/pem-fuel-cell-cathode-contamination-in-the-presence-of-1g8wmg1rc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-contributions-of-individual-resistance-increases-ri-2rlbebyz.png Fig. 10. Contributions of individual resistance increases ( Ri/ ∑ Ri) to the total resistance increase with 5ppm (left) and 300ppm (right) Co 2+ in the cathode side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-orr-charge-transfer-resistance-top-left-mass-2gwsfla4.png Fig. 9. Simulated ORR charge transfer resistance (top left), mass transfer resistance (top right), and membrane resistance (bottom) in the presence of 5ppm and 300ppm Co2+ on the cathode side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contact-angles-of-mea-components-contaminated-with-2u7rmc1s.png Table 4 Contact angles of MEA components contaminated with Co2+ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-epsa-changes-before-and-after-contamination-tests-32nm00ag.png Table 3 EPSA changes before and after contamination tests with 5ppm Co2+ at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-dew-points-at-various-liquid-injection-19k2b01w.png Table 1 Calculated dew points at various liquid injection rates (cell RH: 100%; cell temperature: 80 ◦C; current density: 1.0A cm−2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-metal-ion-contamination-testing-1m1kw5h6.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the metal ion contamination testing system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-scheme-of-co2-ions-moving-through-the-membrane-f9s7mrc7.png Fig. 11. Scheme of Co2+ ions moving through the membrane against its potential gradient. ohm is the potential drop of the membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-contamination-tests-at-various-temperatures-with-1ymsrckk.png Fig. 12. Contamination tests at various temperatures with continuous injection of 5ppmmol Co2+/mol air in the cathode side. Operating conditions: stoichiometry: 1.5/3.0 for H2/air; current density: 1.0A cm −2; cell RH: 100%; backpressure: 15psig. MEA: anode/cathode Pt loading: 0.4mgcm−2 . https://scispace.com/papers/penalty-corners-in-field-hockey-a-guide-to-success-48v80l8ptj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-of-unsuccessful-penalty-corners-14zf62rf.png Table 4: Data of unsuccessful penalty corners. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hughes-and-franks-1997-page-27-hierarchical-2je97ru3.png Figure 1: Hughes and Franks (1997), page 27. Hierarchical structure of a model for representing events that take place in team games, such as field hockey. https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-synthesis-characterization-and-68ga-radiolabeling-of-4pm19n03xv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microwave-conditions-for-coupling-and-deprotection-r0qourcb.png Table 2 Microwave conditions for coupling and deprotection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preparation-of-the-protected-l-amino-acid-solutions-1fd2w6xr.png Table 1 Preparation of the protected L-amino acid solutions for peptide synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-solid-phase-extraction-performance-n-4-igwrfdmh.png Table 6 Comparison of solid phase extraction performance (N ≥ 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-post-processing-on-the-68ga-nota-nycqyj5p.png Table 5 Influence of post-processing on the 68Ga-NOTA-peptide labeling efficiency (N ≥ 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-routine-labeling-after-routine-generator-15x1reps.png Table 4 Summary of routine labeling after routine generator elution (Method 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-yield-and-purity-of-peptides-30ktr4dn.png Table 3 Yield and purity of peptides https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-parenting-and-basic-need-satisfaction-among-2dp9oktj7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standardized-estimates-for-m2-maternal-and-paternal-3c170j8z.png Figure 1. Standardized estimates for M2 (maternal and paternal). Model 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-p-bmpn-reliability-and-validity-estimates-for-the-3btpl15a.png Table 2. P-BMPN Reliability and Validity Estimates for the Reduced Solution of Portuguese version of the Parenting Questionnaire Items and Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-response-rate-n-means-standard-deviations-sd-and-3enu8oqq.png Table 3. Response rate (N), Means, Standard Deviations (SD), and Correlations of the Study Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factor-correlation-reliability-and-validity-ns9cgczi.png Table 4. Factor Correlation, Reliability and Validity Estimates for the Models Tested https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-predicting-basic-need-21b3k4k0.png Table 5. Regression Analysis Predicting Basic Need-Satisfaction and Need-Frustration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-fit-indices-for-the-hypothesized-models-1eosngdw.png Table 1. Global Fit Indices for the Hypothesized Models https://scispace.com/papers/per-contact-iteration-method-for-solving-contact-dynamics-2xznkg3mx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-penetration-depth-of-the-feet-in-task-2-is-3s7tz897.png Figure 7: Average penetration depth of the feet in task 2 is shown. PGS method is tested with two different termination threshold levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-friction-cone-green-and-zero-normal-velocity-1d3jwds4.png Figure 2: Friction cone (green) and zero normal velocity constraint (blue plane) are shown. The slip condition occurs on the boundary of the intersection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-anymal-has-4-legs-12-joints-and-4-feet-the-obqvge7w.png Figure 3: ANYmal has 4 legs, 12 joints and 4 feet. The schematic is simplified for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rendering-of-anymal-simulation-1xoq1d4k.png Figure 1: Rendering of ANYmal simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computation-cost-per-100k-time-steps-38btmtiv.png Table II: Computation cost per 100k time steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computational-costs-on-4-different-tasks-averaged-q0v7rnf1.png Figure 5: Computational costs on 4 different tasks averaged over 5 runs are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computation-cost-of-a-single-contact-optimization-361jfg4z.png Table I: Computation cost of a single contact optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-iterations-taken-by-the-bisection-method-d8pnlqte.png Figure 4: Number of iterations taken by the bisection method and the PGS method are shown. The bin edges increase by a factor of two (log scale). The y-axis represents the percentage. In average, the bisection method takes significantly less iterations to solve a contact problem. https://scispace.com/papers/perceiving-space-and-optical-cues-via-a-visuo-tactile-2x1vgmc10k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2-d-triangular-targets-presented-during-training-fx63tvfu.png Figure 8. 2-D triangular targets presented during training and associated with directional cues on the maze doors, indicating the way to follow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-standard-deviations-percentage-of-correct-3566zdhk.png Table 3. Mean (standard deviations) percentage of correct responses and processing time for a group of subjects (13 subjects), blind subjects, and blindfolded sighted controls in the main tasks of trial blocks 2, 3, 4, and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tvss-camera-placed-on-a-remote-controlled-robot-16coedof.png Figure 5. TVSS camera placed on a remote-controlled robot [vertical scan of the camera and movement of the robot were permitted by a high-frequency (HF) connection between the robot and the TVSS]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-etiology-and-date-of-onset-of-blindness-for-the-2lkauk0z.png Table 1. Etiology and date of onset of blindness for the experimental group of six early blind people. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mean-processing-time-of-the-triangular-cues-as-a-2xjt9lhb.png Figure 13. Mean processing time of the triangular cues as a function of navigation session. The SDs are represented by the error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-28-used-patterns-each-of-them-is-designed-by-a-to1fpygw.png Figure 6. The 28 used patterns. Each of them is designed by a code (letter and rotation angle). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-design-of-the-study-for-the-5-sessions-of-trial-2rmf3r5n.png Figure 7. Design of the study for the 5 sessions of trial block 2: 3 training/learning sessions (L1 to L3) and 2 test sessions (T1 and T2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-pneumatically-driven-tactile-display-21z8bvvp.png Figure 1. Diagram of the pneumatically driven tactile display (PTD) version of the TVSS, made up of 5 elements, a webcam, which acquires video images, connected to a software package (TVSSCs) implemented on a computer. The PTD control involves the PC with the dedicated software, a trigger and input/output transforming unit (TIOTU), and the electronic pneumatic interface (EPI) with 64 pneumatic switches. https://scispace.com/papers/perceptibility-of-haptic-digital-watermarking-of-virtual-5c53vclrhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-birds-eye-view-of-subject-textured-vertical-plane-2kpkohcc.png Figure 1: Bird’s-eye view of subject, textured vertical plane, and coordinate frame. The dashed line indicate the flat vertical plane upon which a one-dimensional sinusoidal texture model is superimposed. Subjects stroked the textured surface along the x-axis. Penetration depth is measured as the distance between the stylus tip and the point on the textured surface along the z-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-results-shown-are-the-sensitivity-qiy13pfb.png Figure 4: Experimental results. Shown are the sensitivity indices and the corresponding standard deviations for subjects S1-S5 under the two watermarking conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-spectral-densities-of-pz-t-for-the-two-358knx1q.png Figure 3: Power spectral densities of pz(t) for the two watermarked textures (solid lines) and human detection thresholds (dashed lines). The upper and bottom panels correspond to the weaker and stronger watermarks, respectively. The locations of the spectral peaks corresponding to the watermark and the host textures are indicated by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-representation-of-stimuli-top-trace-shows-1yqghkfz.png Figure 2: Spatial representation of stimuli. Top trace shows the z vs. x sinusoidal grating for the host texture alone (Ah = 1 mm, Lh = 2 mm). Bottom trace shows the same host signal with an embedded watermark (Aw = 0.2 mm, Lw = 5 mm). https://scispace.com/papers/perception-of-democracy-in-computer-mediated-communication-55cvt39wup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-near-here-35scuqe8.png Table 2 near here. https://scispace.com/papers/perception-of-olive-oils-sensory-defects-using-a-4ohofabol7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-distribution-plot-for-olive-oils-quality-grade-3514a5c4.png Fig. 4. Density distribution plot for olive oils quality grade classification (VOO and LOO) based on the discriminant function of the E-tongue-LDA-SA classification model based on 24 signal sensor potentiometric profiles recorded during the olive oils hydro-ethanolic extracts analysis (1st array sensors: S1:2 to S1:8, S1:12, S1:14, S1:15, S1:19 and S1:20; 2nd array sensors; S2:1 to S2:5, S2:7, S2:10, S2:13, S2:16, S2:17, S2:18 and S2:20). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-potentiometric-e-tongue-device-5mydkjto.png Fig. 1. Potentiometric E-tongue device. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-e-tongue-sensors-details-identification-code-pairs-96jqrbka.png Table 2 E-tongue sensors details (identification code; pairs of plasticizer additive compounds, used in the preparation of each lipid-polymeric membrane). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-discrimination-of-commercial-olive-oils-according-to-cepumjaz.png Fig. 3. Discrimination of commercial olive oils according to the defect predominantly (fusty, rancid, wet-wood or winey-vinegary) perceived by trained sensory panelists: plots of the three discriminant functions of the E-tongue-LDA-SA model based on the information of 19 signal sensor potentiometric profiles recorded during the olive oils hydro-ethanolic extracts analysis (1st array sensors: S1:4, S1:5, S1:8, S1:12, S1:15, S1:16, S1:19 and S1:20; 2nd array sensors; S2:1, S2:8, S2:9, S2:11, S2:14, S2:15, S2:17, S2:18, S2:19 and S2:20). The full lines represent the boundary lines based on the posterior probabilities calculated for each class membership. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-potentiometric-mean-signal-profiles-error-bars-related-3vcjr0qp.png Fig. 2. Potentiometric mean signal profiles (error bars - related standard deviations) recorded by the 1st sensor array of the E-tongue device, concerning assays carried out in two consecutive days, of olive oils’ hydro-ethanolic extracts of selected different olive oils for which a single sensory defect was perceived (i.e., fusty, rancid, wet-wood or winey-vinegary) by trained panelists. https://scispace.com/papers/perceptions-of-children-in-residential-care-homes-a-critical-4philmd853 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-included-studies-2e00jz1c.png Table 2 Summary of included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-strategy-strings-used-to-search-databases-and-375mfwbg.png Table 1 Search strategy: strings used to search databases and the combination of these strings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-article-selection-2d42p527.png Figure 1: Flow chart of article selection https://scispace.com/papers/perceptions-of-the-impact-of-quality-professional-191zb140y4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-learning-to-use-hardware-1rs2d5hk.png Figure 9. Learning to Use Hardware. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survey-questions-and-interview-questions-for-2s9tc7g7.png Table 3 Survey Questions and Interview Questions for Research Question 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-length-of-time-teachers-had-access-to-their-i7853ma1.png Figure 20. Length of Time Teachers had Access to Their Computing Device Prior to Students. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-technological-pedagogical-content-knowledge-1azbttjp.png Figure 1. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-competency-level-with-technology-1q53oeed.png Figure 4. Competency Level with Technology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-teachers-surveyed-3as8748d.png Figure 2. Teachers Surveyed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-learning-activity-that-was-designed-to-challenge-2vko74d9.png Figure 5. Learning Activity that was Designed to Challenge Students to Think in a Critical Manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-length-of-time-teachers-had-professional-7bmioknj.png Figure 21. Length of Time Teachers had Professional Development in Preparation for One-to-One Computing Initiative. https://scispace.com/papers/perceptual-evaluation-of-color-gamut-mapping-algorithms-2fsvmts5at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-coefficients-and-p-values-between-otists7f.png Table 1: Correlation coefficients and p-values between percentage of out-of-gamuts pixels, perceived difficulty and number of distinguishable pairs of GMAs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-correlation-between-the-perceived-difficulty-and-36nwso0n.png Figure 8: Correlation between the perceived difficulty and the % of out-of-gamut pixels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-between-the-number-of-distinguishable-3rk51swb.png Figure 10: Correlation between the number of distinguishable pairs of GMAs and the perceived difficulty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-correlation-between-the-number-of-distinguishable-1h1rmebj.png Figure 9: Correlation between the number of distinguishable GMAs and the % of out-ofgamut pixels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-accuracy-scores-for-the-test-on-paper-yellow-and-2yvcjr0t.png Figure 11: Accuracy scores for the test on paper (yellow) and the test on display (orange) with all images and all observers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-20-test-images-used-djoxlsus.png Figure 1: The 20 test images used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-oce-printer-gamut-solid-and-the-srgb-gamut-lfhkt0gw.png Figure 2: The Océ printer gamut (solid) and the sRGB gamut (wireframe) shown in the CIELAB color space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accuracy-scores-for-the-individual-images-in-the-2to1n14h.png Figure 4: Accuracy scores for the individual images in the ranking experiment with all observers. The 95 percent confidence interval is 0.2354. https://scispace.com/papers/peregrine-falcon-eggs-egg-size-hatchling-sex-and-clutch-sex-2iwmwuivhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-logistic-regression-using-generalized-1lww7wb5.png TABLE 2. Results of logistic regression using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for relationship between chick sex and egg length (mm), egg breadth (mm), and clutch number (first or second) for Peregrine Falcon eggs collected from the wild and hatched in captivity. Odds of being male were modeled. The GEE accounted for individual eggs clustered within nests using exchangeable correlation structure, and the analysis was based on 227 eggs where chick sex, egg length and breadth, and clutch number were known. Zeros indicate class variable serving as reference category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-multiple-linear-regression-using-1quqqj9v.png TABLE 1. Results of multiple linear regression using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and the identity link function for relationship between Peregrine Falcon chick mass at hatching (g) and egg length (mm), egg breadth (mm), sex, and clutch number (first or second). The GEE accounted for individual eggs clustered within nests using exchangeable correlation structure, and the analysis was based on 156 eggs where chick mass, sex, egg length, and egg breadth were known. Zeros indicate class variables serving as reference categories. Note that chick mass increased with both egg length and egg breadth. Additionally, relative to second clutches, chick mass at hatching was greater in first clutches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-egg-length-and-egg-breadth-for-21kn9u99.png FIGURE 1. Relationship between egg length and egg breadth for 366 Peregrine Falcon eggs collected from wild nests and incubated in captivity (1976-1990). These two variables were only weakly (although significantly) related, so both were used in subsequent multiple regression analyses as explanatory variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-of-newly-hatched-peregrine-falcon-chicks-as-a-337f7s38.png FIGURE 2. Mass of newly hatched Peregrine Falcon chicks as a function of (a) egg length and (b) egg breadth; n = 157 in each case. Lines are for heuristic purposes based on simple linear regression; see Table 2 for results of multivariate analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-multiple-linear-regression-using-2k03e51v.png TABLE 3. Results of multiple linear regression using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) examining relationships between (1) egg length and (2) egg breadth and year of study (1976-1990) and clutch number for Peregrine Falcon eggs collected from wild nests and hatched in captivity. Analyses were based on 366 eggs where egg length and breadth and clutch number were known. As relationship between egg breadth and year was not linear, a quadratic term also was modeled (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-sex-ratio-proportion-males-and-3199zrd8.png FIGURE 4. Relationship between sex ratio (proportion males) and year of study (1977-1990) for first (n = 29) and second (n = 10) clutches of Peregrine Falcons where sex was discernible for all eggs within a clutch. Regression lines are for illustration; see text for multiple regression results. There was no relationship between sex ratio and year for first clutches, but sex ratio in second clutches increased during the study period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-a-length-and-b-breadth-mean-se-3dqdgafv.png FIGURE 5. Relationship between (a) length and (b) breadth (mean - SE) of Peregrine Falcon eggs and year of study (1976-1990). Egg length did not differ between first and second clutches, so overall means are presented. Because breadth differed by clutch, means for first and second clutches are denoted in (b). Number of eggs measured by year is indicated. In (b), number of first-clutch eggs measured is above the error bars, and number of second-clutch eggs measured is below error bars. See Table 3 for results of analysis of trend over the study period. https://scispace.com/papers/perfluorooctanoic-acid-rigidifies-a-model-lipid-membrane-1sf5jvglx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-bilayer-undulations-a-relaxation-rate-u-zwgn1l5p.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Bilayer undulations: (a) Relaxation rate u vs q3, for DMPC and DMPC/PFOA. Linear fits yield the concentration-dependent bilayer bending rigidity κ shown in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-normalized-intermediate-scattering-2lkp2yna.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Normalized intermediate scattering functions S(q,t)/S(q) for DMPC (30 ◦C): (a) q range covered at λ = 17 Å. (b) Combined fit according to Eq. (2); single contributions are indicated by dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-normalized-intermediate-scattering-2eov7a6f.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Normalized intermediate scattering function S(q,t)/S(q) for DMPC (30 ◦C) at λ = 10 Å. Singleexponential fits yield the relaxation rates f (q); (b) the effective diffusion constant Defff (q) = f (q)/q2 exhibits a q dependence, indicating further dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-relaxation-rate-d-vs-q2-for-vesicles-149vqp01.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Relaxation rate d vs q2 for vesicles composed of DMPC and DMPC/PFOA (5 mol %). Linear fits yield the vesicle center-of-mass diffusion constant D. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-aimd-mechanisms-over-a-multi-state-15ss3n49md 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histogram-of-inter-loss-times-22pq81l1.png Fig. 4. Histogram of inter-loss times https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogram-of-times-between-bursts-3q8blw8w.png Fig. 5. Histogram of times between bursts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-window-evolution-of-the-tcp-model-3rk027gg.png Fig. 2. Window evolution of the TCP model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-poisson-iid-and-exact-fluid-models-1eejoo64.png Fig. 3. Comparison of Poisson, iid and exact fluid models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tcp-window-evolution-3hcfipie.png Fig. 1. TCP window evolution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transitions-of-the-multi-state-markov-chain-39oivag9.png Fig. 7. Transitions of the multi-state Markov chain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-histogram-of-inter-loss-times-within-bursts-1939q6m7.png Fig. 6. Histogram of inter-loss times within bursts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-among-the-different-methods-37mh7wlb.png Fig. 8. Comparison among the different methods https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-extended-rask-under-imperfect-f9faw5djqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-extended-rask-3635cgje.png Figure 1. Block diagram of Extended-RASK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ber-vs-snr-performance-of-erask-over-rayleigh-3s98cje0.png Figure 4. BER Vs SNR performance of ERASK over Rayleigh fading channels with antenna correlation factor ρ = 0.1. Nt = 8 and 16, Nr = 2 and 4, σH= 0 and 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ber-vs-snr-performance-of-erask-with-nt-8-and-nr-2-27hcqty0.png Figure 3. BER Vs SNR performance of ERASK with Nt = 8 and Nr = 2 over Rayleigh fading channels for perfect channel estimation and no correlation, and for σH= 0.2 with correlation factor ρ = 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-and-simulation-comparison-of-ber-vs-snr-38knysn6.png Figure 2. Theoretical and simulation comparison of BER Vs SNR performance of ERASK over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. Nt = 8, Nr = 2 and 4, σH=0 and 0.2 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-gts-allocation-in-beacon-enabled-19xjzetrim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-superframe-structure-in-ieee-802-15-4-3rw90bdv.png Fig. 1. Superframe structure in IEEE 802.15.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-waiting-time-of-j-new-requests-that-observe-i-old-3lfgi8x2.png Fig. 4. Waiting time of j new requests that observe i old requests at superframe t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-transfers-during-the-cap-and-cfp-of-beacon-v49ummdg.png Fig. 2. Data transfers during the CAP and CFP of beacon enabled PAN coordinator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-number-of-waiting-requests-a-and-average-delay-aw81ffv8.png Fig. 5. Average number of waiting requests (a) and average delay of requests (b) as obtained by simulations and Eqs. (17) and (25), respectively. The length of the payload is Lpl = 40 bytes, the number of data packets is τn = 3, the beacon order is BO = 4, the mean number of requests is 7, the variance of requests is 1 for the Normal distribution, the mean number of requests is 7 for the Poisson distribution, and the shape and scale of the Gamma distribution is equal to 1 and 7, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stability-of-the-queue-management-as-obtained-by-fmo3x8fl.png Fig. 6. Stability of the queue management as obtained by simulations and analytical model of Eqs. (18) and (19). The length of payload is Lpl = 40 bytes, the number of data packets is τn = 3, the beacon order is BO= 4, the mean number of request is 7, the variance of requests is 1 for the Normal distribution, the mean number of requests is 7 for the Poisson distribution, and the shape and scale for the Gamma distribution are 1 and 7, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-beacon-order-on-the-throughput-of-gts-sd0vzykk.png Fig. 7. Effect of beacon order on the throughput of GTS allocation as a function of the mean of the Poisson distribution (4, 5, 6, 7). The length of the payload is Lpl = 40 bytes, and the number of data packets is τn = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-markov-chain-model-for-the-gts-allocation-of-the-cfp-2hyg7kve.png Fig. 3. Markov chain model for the GTS allocation of the CFP period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-the-beacon-order-on-the-throughput-of-gts-223dws2o.png Fig. 8. Effect of the beacon order on the throughput of GTS allocation. The mean number of requests of Poisson distribution is 7. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-multi-hop-flows-in-ieee-802-11-3l8yxr45mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-description-of-a-multi-hop-path-with-n-nodes-and-2-34y7jai1.png Fig. 2: Description of a multi-hop path with N nodes and 2 opposite flows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-ber-and-fer-as-a-function-of-the-distance-35zo1voj.png Fig. 5: Evolution of BER and FER as a function of the distance for datagrams of 1500 bytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-impact-of-rts-cts-on-the-attained-goodput-for-the-33w56vrd.png Fig. 12: Impact of RTS/CTS on the attained goodput for the case study with four nodes and one flow with d1,2 = 100 m, d2,3 = 200 m, d1,4 = 750 m, Kn = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-speed-of-convergence-of-the-point-fixed-iteration-for-184gz8gh.png Fig. 13: Speed of convergence of the point-fixed iteration for various scenarios. For 3 nodes and 1 flow: d1,2 = 250 m, d2,3 = 250 m, Λr = 3 Mb/s, Kn = 20. For 3 nodes and 2 flows: d1,2 = 250 m, d2,3 = 250 m, Λr = 3.5 Mb/s, Λl = 1.5 Mb/s, Kn = 20. For 4 nodes and 1 flow: d1,2 = 100 m, d2,3 = 300 m, d1,4 = 750 m, Λr = 3 Mb/s, Kn = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-accuracy-of-the-proposed-model-for-the-case-of-a-path-2nf8mvc4.png Fig. 7: Accuracy of the proposed model for the case of a path with 3 nodes and 2 flow of rate Λr and Λl for many positions of the relay node, buffer sizes, and workload levels using IEEE 802.11b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-goodput-of-the-path-as-a-function-of-the-workload-x14bkbsr.png Fig. 10: Goodput of the path as a function of the workload level Λr for different positions of node 2 with Kn = 20 and d1,3 = 400 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-multi-hop-wireless-network-with-12-nodes-3m0qmjap.png Fig. 1: Example of a multi-hop wireless network with 12 nodes and 3 multi-hop flows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-datagram-loss-probability-as-a-function-of-the-2omjpvlx.png Fig. 11: Datagram loss probability as a function of the workload level Λr for different sizes of buffers Kn with d1,2 = 370 m, d1,3 = 540 m and d1,4 = 750 m. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-probabilistic-action-systems-2u3vp0s3tt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cyclic-polling-system-1ww9ks5o.png Fig. 2. A cyclic polling system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-another-cyclic-polling-system-3ns4pp4t.png Fig. 3. Another cyclic polling system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-some-instances-of-system-redpoll-33liwr8i.png Table 1. Values of some instances of system REDPOLL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-queuing-system-30p12zp0.png Fig. 1. A simple queuing system https://scispace.com/papers/performance-comparison-of-doubly-salient-reluctance-58t6ql95lh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-current-waveform-and-operation-modes-of-srg-3awr96uk.png Fig. 5. Typical current waveform and operation modes of SRG for A-phase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-key-parameters-of-srg-and-dseg-3r13tkcr.png TABLE I. KEY PARAMETERS OF SRG AND DSEG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-flux-linkage-and-emf-waveforms-a-phase-flux-2wobzq49.png Fig. 6. Phase flux linkage and emf waveforms. (a) Phase flux linkage waveforms of SRG. (b) Emf waveforms of SRG. (c) Phase flux linkage waveforms of DSEG. (d) Emf waveforms of DSEG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-copper-and-iron-loss-uo-270v-pout-40kw-n-36000r-min-a-2by33ikb.png Fig. 11. Copper and iron loss (Uo=270V, Pout=40kW, n=36000r/min). (a) Loss breakdown. (b) Total loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-current-ripple-in-dc-link-filter-capacitor-uo-270v-22mez4sj.png Fig. 14. Current ripple in DC-link filter capacitor (Uo=270V, Pout=40kW, n=36000r/min). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-phase-current-and-phase-voltage-during-excitation-of-2p1lslid.png Fig. 12. Phase current and phase voltage during excitation of SRG (Uo=270V, Pout=40kW, n=36000r/min). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-energy-flow-diagram-a-srg-b-dseg-1lzwrat0.png Fig. 13. .Energy flow diagram. (a) SRG. (b) DSEG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-topologies-of-doubly-salient-reluctance-generators-a-2sqgv5lf.png Fig. 1. Topologies of doubly salient reluctance generators. (a) SRG. (b) DSEG. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-state-of-the-art-discrete-symmetry-42j9294610 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-results-for-multiple-symmetry-detection-2e8l22vn.png Figure 1. Sample results for multiple-symmetry detection without segmentation/pre-processing from each of the three algorithms to be evaluated in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reflection-and-rotation-symmetry-detection-qx9bso9o.png Table 1. Reflection and Rotation Symmetry Detection Evaluation (estimated sensitivity S0 only for specific symmetry types) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-pairwise-reflection-and-rotation-symmetry-3ruatgbe.png Figure 4. The pairwise reflection and rotation symmetry detection algorithms evaluation on our 176 test-images with labeled ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-images-with-rotation-left-column-1lzp7mmn.png Figure 2. Examples of images with rotation (left column), reflection and rotation (middle column), and translation plus rotation/reflection symmetries (right column). Their symmetry groups are cyclic, dihedral and 2D crystallographic groups respectively. Top-row displays synthetic images while the bottom-row contains real-world photos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-reflection-and-rotation-symmetry-detection-dstm3ux3.png Figure 5. Sample (reflection and rotation) symmetry detection results from publicly available real image data sets. See also the quantitative results shown in Table 1. It is interesting to note the high success rate on faces, and the axes of symmetry for trees are mostly vertical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sample-images-and-results-from-our-test-image-set-2aay7nkj.png Figure 3. Sample images and results from our test image set. We also provide labeled ground truth, descriptions of computational challenges, and the numbers of ground truth (GT), and detected true positive (TP) and false positives (FP). The complete test image set can be found in http://vision.cse.psu.edu/evaluation.htm. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-management-of-active-labor-programs-in-eastern-ssb1mcr5is 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-active-labor-programs-in-hungary-and-poland-e27k1n1t.png Figure 2. Active Labor Programs in Hungary and Poland https://scispace.com/papers/performance-modeling-on-the-interaction-of-isps-4i781e07hd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mathematical-notations-1txhcdqa.png Table 1. Mathematical notations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiment-c-a-biddings-in-isp-link-b-transmission-2rwbsg1i.png Fig. 8. Experiment C: (a) biddings in ISP link ( ), (b) transmission rates ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experiment-b-a-peer-s-bidding-b-peer-s-bidding-21l9pb22.png Fig. 7. Experiment B: (a) peer ’s bidding ( ), (b) peer ’s bidding ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internet-hierarchical-relationship-and-various-dcsp6kvx.png Fig. 1. Internet hierarchical relationship and various connectivity relationships. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-peer-s-cost-against-transmission-rate-when-is-in-the-3ues3rlm.png Fig. 3. Peer ’s cost against transmission rate when is in the feasible range: (a) when , (b) when . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experiment-a-a-peer-s-bidding-b-peer-s-bidding-2zro4j8v.png Fig. 6. Experiment A: (a) peer ’s bidding ( ), (b) peer ’s bidding ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-simplified-two-tiers-hierarchical-model-with-one-3twyh3lg.png Fig. 2. A simplified two-tiers hierarchical model with one tier-1 ISP and peers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-peer-s-cost-against-transmission-rate-when-2m6jm0gs.png Fig. 4. Peer ’s cost against transmission rate when https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-asymmetric-digital-subscriber-lines-in-an-4zdsd5dqik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-of-error-calculation-2vpo141w.png Fig. 1. Probability of error calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-probability-of-bit-error-foreach-of-the-three-4sg89u6d.png TABLE II PROBABILITY OF BIT ERROR FOREACH OF THE THREE IMPULSES(UNCODED) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-expected-number-of-error-bytes-at-maximum-reaches-ie52ogmg.png TABLE III EXPECTED NUMBER OF ERROR BYTES AT MAXIMUM REACHES AS A FUNCTION OF INTERLEAVER DEPTH, IMPULSE, MARGIN, CROSSTALK MODEL, AND TARGET RATE https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-ofrs-fecfor-adsl-systems-1x0wnf2v.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OFRS FECFOR ADSL SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-domain-plot-of-the-impulse-imp-3cse92d6.png Fig. 2. Frequency-domain plot of the impulse “imp.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-duration-histogram-of-the-impulses-used-for-the-3mmol4ne.png Fig. 4. Duration histogram of the impulses used for the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-voltage-duration-profile-for-interleaver-depthd-0-andd-adrx996z.png Fig. 3. Voltage-duration profile for interleaver depthD = 0 andD = 32. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-bare-and-sol-gel-coated-dkdp-crystal-surfaces-zbeps5zrzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reflectance-map-for-an-uncoated-rapid-growth-dkdp-tn1pcvzq.png Figure 5: Reflectance map for an uncoated rapid growth DKDP crystal (5-cm square) exposed to multiple 351-nm, 10ns pulses in air and vacuum. Areas of laser damage (increased scatter) show up as rings of reduced specular reflection. Surface roughness (nm) as measured by white light interferometry after vacuum and before the air irradiation are indicated in center of irradiated areas. The test beam footprint is ~7 x 5.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-roughening-patterns-mirror-sharp-gradients-in-1r5zdqvj.png Figure 4: The roughening patterns mirror sharp gradients in the beam energy, as seen by the imprint of the ‘bulls-eye’ modulation in the high magnification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-xps-surface-chemical-analyses-for-a-sample-that-262cxjjx.png Figure 12: XPS surface chemical analyses for a sample that was not UV-ozone cleaned indicate that fluorescence behavior is not due to carbon. Figure (b) compares the binding energy of carbon found just inside, at the edge and just outside the edge of the beam footprint shown in Figure a. The C1s XPS profiles shown in (b) can be deconvoluted into three primary binding energies associated with C-C at 283 eV, C-H at 284 eV, and C-O at 285- 6 eV; an unirradiated patch (d) is compared to patches irradiated in vacuum (c) and at 10 Torr (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reflection-measured-for-a-standard-de-ammoniated-12nmows0.png Figure 6: Reflection measured for a) standard de-ammoniated sol and b) HMDS-treated sol AR coated DKDP samples (5-cm square) after exposure to multiple 351-nm, 10 ns pulses in vacuum. Large-scale non-uniform reflectance pattern is due to thickness variations in the sol-gel coating. Localized rectangular patches of increased reflection are due to disruption of the AR coating by laser damage. Surface roughness (nm) as measured by white light interferometry after vacuum irradiation are indicated in center of typical irradiated and unirradiated areas; the nominal test beam size is 7 x 5.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-reduction-of-background-fluorescence-occurs-1nxza2xd.png Figure 11: The reduction of background fluorescence occurs readily with UV exposure at pressures above 5 Torr air. Shown above are fluorescence images of the surface of UV-ozone cleaned DKDP taken after 300 shots at 6 J/cm2 in a) 1 Torr, b) 5 Torr, and c) 100 Torr air. Figure 11a still shows some fluorescence structure inside the area irradiated by the laser. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-uv-ozone-cleaning-had-no-observable-effect-on-308w4xcg.png Figure 10: UV-Ozone cleaning had no observable effect on either photoemission or roughening behavior. Photoemission maps a) without and b) with UV-ozone cleaning, irradiated at 10-5 Torr. Photoemission maps c) without and d) with UV-ozone cleaning, irradiated at 1 Torr. All photographs obtained after 300 shots, 6 J/cm2, 10ns, 351-nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-afm-images-showing-the-amplitude-of-surface-2d91qwjw.png Figure 8: AFM images showing the amplitude of surface roughness on DKDP crystal after irradiation. The largest features occur at the edge of the test area and are aligned with the ordinary crystal axis. a) Plan view of 60 x 60 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-white-light-interferometry-maps-6-x-8-mm-detect-2gcnqi68.png Figure 7: White light interferometry maps ( 6 x 8 mm) detect roughening only at the edge of the test beam; diamond turning marks appear unperturbed except in areas of high beam modulation or at the edge of the beam. Left: bare surface after 1000 shots, 10 J/cm2. Right: HMDS-treated sol-gel coated surface after 1000 shots 10 J/cm2. Both samples irradiated in 10-5 Torr (vacuum). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-grid-tied-pv-facilities-based-on-real-data-in-1klxfkmvc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-days-with-positive-and-negative-values-of-vif5kuup.png Table 4: Number of days with positive and negative values of ∆E.L.inverter throughout the studied period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-power-between-inverters-of-system-2-2aonafst.png Table 3: Distribution of power between inverters of System 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-case-study-of-the-technical-specifications-of-both-3olwf1bj.png Table 2: Case study of the technical specifications of both systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-technical-specifications-of-pv-panels-in-use-20c9ap7r.png Table 1: Technical specifications of PV panels in use. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-total-pv-electrical-production-kwh-of-system-1-and-354ljtu3.png Figure 7. Total PV electrical production (kWh) of System 1 and System 2 along the studied period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-days-with-positive-and-negative-values-of-1zwxjt20.png Table 5: Number of days with positive and negative values of ∆E.L.inverter classified in intervals of production. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-bevatron-with-heavy-ions-4vxwfid1mk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-quality-of-the-heavy-ion-beams-accelerated-at-the-1vr13a1c.png Fig, 7, Quality of the heavy-ion Beams accelerated at the Bevatron * is indicated By the size of the beam Bjota ff.t the two fooal https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-trellis-coded-direct-sequence-spread-spectrum-38pxt9jh9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-error-probabilities-of-tck-and-orthogonal-modulation-11vf4kf2.png Fig. 14. Error probabilities of TCK and orthogonal modulation over a Rician faded channel ( 2 = 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-error-probabilities-of-tck-code-and-35wzo2sx.png Fig. 15. Comparison of error probabilities of TCK code and orthogonal modulation over a Rician faded channel ( 2 = 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-communication-link-143y1rch.png Fig. 2. Communication link. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-error-probability-of-tcnr-over-a-rician-faded-channel-3v3c0o1s.png Fig. 8. Error probability of TCNR over a Rician faded channel ( 2 = 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-error-probability-of-tcnr-over-a-rayleigh-faded-3f13d36o.png Fig. 6. Error probability of TCNR over a Rayleigh faded channel ( 2 = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-state-trellis-1742d17t.png Fig. 1. Four-state trellis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-16-state-trellis-byq0e70k.png Fig. 5. 16-state trellis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decoding-at-nodeb-172nbjdb.png Fig. 3. Decoding at nodeB. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-time-delay-digital-tanlock-loop-as-pm-3eu6p5my20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-demodulation-of-a-tone-modulated-pm-signal-using-the-sc96qra1.png Fig. 5. Demodulation of a tone-modulated PM signal using the firstorder TDTL with Am = 1, Ao = 1, fo = 1 Hz, fm = 0.05 Hz, β = 0.1, γo = −0.5, and ψo = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-error-process-associated-with-the-demodulation-37yrzgpl.png Fig. 6. Phase error process associated with the demodulation of a tone-modulated PM signal using the first-order TDTL with Am = 1, Ao = 1, fo = 1 Hz, fm = 0.05 Hz, β = 0.1, γo = −0.5, and ψo = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-block-diagram-of-the-time-delay-digital-tanlock-loop-23qlhzvo.png Fig. 1. A block diagram of the time-delay digital tanlock loop (TDTL). Bold lines represent multi-bit connections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lock-range-of-the-tdtl-for-pso-p-2-3g251fkk.png Fig. 4. Lock range of the TDTL for ψo = π/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-of-the-tdtl-pm-demodulator-2t4vrgjh.png Fig. 3. Block diagram of the TDTL PM-demodulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-characteristic-function-of-the-time-delay-digital-17ug94hc.png Fig. 2. Characteristic function of the time-delay digital tanlock loop (TDTL) when ψo = π/2. Solid line is for the frequency ratio W = ωo/ω = 1, dashed line for W = 1.1, and dotted line for W = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-performance-of-tdtl-for-noisy-tone-pm-demodulation-3l08x1k2.png Fig. 8. Performance of TDTL for noisy tone PM demodulation with Am = 1, Ao = 1, fo = 1 Hz, fm = 0.05 Hz, γo = 0, ψo = π/2, and different values for β. The dotted line labelled as SNRb is for baseband transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tdtl-demodulation-for-noisy-tone-pm-signal-with-am-1-3nql4g6g.png Fig. 7. TDTL demodulation for noisy tone PM signal with Am = 1, Ao = 1, fo = 1 Hz, fm = 0.05 Hz, γo = −0.5 rad, ψo = π/2, and β = 0.5 and received SNR = 20 dB. Dotted curves are for the noiseless case. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-optimization-of-an-fpga-based-configurable-cjy6x73mtf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiprocessor-memory-hierarchy-3v51ax1m.png Table 2. Multiprocessor memory hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-multiprocessor-architecture-model-2xidc82q.png Figure 1. Our multiprocessor architecture model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-speedups-over-uni-processor-with-static-and-dynamic-zlawwrj2.png Table 3. Speedups (over uni-processor) with static and dynamic load balancing for the IEEE test matrices https://scispace.com/papers/performance-ratings-and-career-advancement-in-the-us-federal-14ffr122d6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-findings-by-agency-and-year-of-federal-service-odds-1h1pszwa.png Table 4. Findings by Agency and Year of Federal Service Odds-Ratio Raise Percent Rated Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-rating-and-career-advancement-by-length-of-3dtbptwt.png Table 2. Mean Rating and Career Advancement by Length of Federal Service https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-career-advancement-by-performance-rating-19b8aspl.png Table 1. Career Advancement by Performance Rating https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-random-effects-panel-data-models-for-promotion-and-132wa5nx.png Table 3. Random-Effects Panel Data Models for Promotion and Salary Increases https://scispace.com/papers/performance-study-of-cam-over-ieee-802-11p-for-cooperative-2liw8ss9u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-26fubjaj.png TABLE I. SIMULATION PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-analytical-and-the-simulation-results-7uffphqx.png Fig. 3. Comparison of analytical and the simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-markov-chain-for-a-broadcast-packet-transmission-in-xgff1bqp.png Fig. 2. Markov chain for a broadcast packet transmission in the IEEE 802.11p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-target-highway-scenario-in-which-a-platoon-of-3jv6bk7o.png Fig. 1. The target highway scenario, in which a platoon of autonomous vehicles (red vehicles) are sharing the road with normal vehicles (human driven vehicles: blue vehicles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-velocity-of-the-individual-vehicles-in-acc-1xtniiu4.png Fig. 4. Velocity of the individual vehicles in ACC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-velocity-of-the-individual-vehicles-in-cacc-1rvy0tsa.png Fig. 5. Velocity of the individual vehicles in CACC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-relative-range-error-for-the-acc-and-cieuvnxu.png Fig. 6. Comparison of relative range error for the ACC and CACC systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-relative-range-rate-error-for-the-acc-393hpf69.png Fig. 7. Comparison of relative range rate error for the ACC and CACC systems https://scispace.com/papers/performance-study-of-hpc-applications-on-an-arm-based-1pxz8yjbp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-number-of-instructions-by-cluster-in-an-iteration-16oazxwm.png Fig. 16: Number of instructions by cluster in an iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-evolution-of-ipc-per-cluster-in-grid-3g5jai5b.png Fig. 14: Evolution of IPC per cluster in Grid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-single-node-efficiency-metrics-of-grid-xmwobe37.png Fig. 13: Single-node efficiency metrics of Grid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cp2k-mpi-statistics-when-scaling-4-nodes-1uny5z5m.png TABLE II: CP2K MPI statistics when scaling ≥ 4 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-instructions-per-cluster-in-cp2k-l1noejaw.png Fig. 11: Instructions per cluster in CP2K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-multiple-node-efficiency-metrics-of-cp2k-un3jsq9m.png Fig. 12: Multiple-node efficiency metrics of CP2K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-duration-per-cluster-in-cp2k-1z335jbq.png Fig. 10: Duration per cluster in CP2K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-single-node-efficiency-metrics-of-cp2k-26rj8o24.png Fig. 9: Single-node efficiency metrics of CP2K https://scispace.com/papers/peri-insular-hemispherotomy-in-paediatric-epilepsy-4iss4zb3yr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mri-a-coronal-t2-observe-the-normal-perisylvian-288b0wy8.png Fig. 6 MRI a coronal T2, observe the normal perisylvian anatomy, and the angle for the callosotomy (almost horizontal to the callosum), b coronal T1, note the disturbed superficial anatomy and the possibility to do a parasagittal callosotomy directly (vertical to the approach), c coronal T2, note the absence of insula and basal ganglia, which will modify the surgical stages, and exclude the insular stage of PIH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-anatomical-preparation-a-coronal-section-illustrating-17uur87a.png Fig. 7 Anatomical preparation. a Coronal section illustrating the three surgical stages of peri-insular hemispherotomy, b lateral view illustrating the resected fronto– parieto–temporal opercular cortices, and the sylvian vessels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-anatomical-preparation-illustrating-the-incision-91fvqwkq.png Fig. 19 Anatomical preparation illustrating the incision undermining the insula (a) anatomical preparation—axial, (b) MRI axial T1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-disconnective-hemispherectomy-1o5p1mx7.png Fig. 23 Disconnective hemispherectomy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-postoperative-mri-t1-a-sagittal-illustrating-the-36rqem11.png Fig. 20 Postoperative MRI T1. a sagittal, illustrating the perisylvian incision, b sagittal, illustrating the parasagittal callosotomy and vertical median incision https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-patients-data-bdu1qmnc.png Table 1 Summary of patients data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anatomical-substrate-in-43-cases-of-pih-cqhq8tbs.png Table 2 Anatomical substrate in 43 cases of PIH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-skin-incision-for-pih-bone-b-flap-for-pih-kb7ke94n.png Fig. 8 a Skin incision for PIH bone, b flap for PIH https://scispace.com/papers/perimenopausal-management-of-ovarian-endometriosis-and-1jae3s3f4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-conceptual-definition-of-premalignant-lesions-3ou5q532.png TABLE 2. A conceptual definition of premalignant lesions based on five diagnostic criteria 962 developed during the National Cancer Institute Consensus Conference on Precancer. 963 November 8–9, 2004, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC. 964 __________________________________________________________________________ 965 (1) Evidence exists that the precancer is associated with an increased risk of cancer. 966 (2) When a precancer progresses to cancer, the resulting cancer arises from cells within the 967 precancer. 968 (3) A precancer is different from the normal tissue from which it arises. 969 (4) A precancer is different from the cancer into which it develops, although it has some, but not 970 all, of the molecular and phenotypic properties that characterize the cancer. 971 (5) There is a method by which the precancer can be diagnosed. 972 __________________________________________________________________________ 973 From Berman et al. [52] 974 975 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-common-molecular-patterns-in-endometriosis-2l5glaz0.png TABLE 1. Common molecular patterns in endometriosis-associated carcinomas. 960 https://scispace.com/papers/period-adding-bifurcations-in-dynamic-pricing-processes-1axkadkhl8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-period-diagram-of-reference-price-against-the-2xs211cs.png Fig. 10. Period diagram of reference price against the relative sensitivity in the case of optimising the long-term revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bifurcation-diagram-of-reference-price-against-the-1qm5xwc3.png Fig. 9. Bifurcation diagram of reference price against the relative sensitivity in the case of optimising the long-term revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bifurcation-diagram-of-reference-price-against-1bdf3tnk.png Fig. 5. Bifurcation diagram of reference price against relative sensitivity of consumers in the case of optimising the long-term revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-period-diagram-of-reference-price-against-the-memory-gg8vp310.png Fig. 8. Period diagram of reference price against the memory factor in the case of optimising the long-term revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-period-diagram-of-the-reference-price-against-the-37etd7th.png Fig. 6. Period diagram of the reference price against the relative sensitivity in the case of optimising the long-term revenue. The the window marked with an ‘a’ highlights a U-cascade which contains pairs of opposed period adding bifurcation cascades; the window marked by ‘b’ represents an S-cascade which only consists of period adding cascades of increasing order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bifurcation-diagram-of-reference-price-against-the-kw4us1mg.png Fig. 7. Bifurcation diagram of reference price against the memory factor in the case of optimising the long-term revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bifurcation-diagram-of-reference-price-against-memory-1kfwd8t7.png Fig. 1. Bifurcation diagram of reference price against memory factor in the case of optimising the short-term revenue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-period-diagram-of-reference-price-against-the-memory-3cdvkjot.png Fig. 4. Period diagram of reference price against the memory factor in the case of optimising the short-term revenue. Zoom-in of Fig. 2 shows period adding cascades. Between the period-16 and the period-13 solutions, its sum, a period-29 solution, emerges. https://scispace.com/papers/period-and-cohort-changes-in-americans-support-for-marijuana-i3yhjzx529 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-period-changes-in-support-for-8sbjq8o9.png Figure 4. Estimated period changes in support for legalization of marijuana by highest degree earned. Figure graphs results from Model 8 in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-birth-cohort-changes-in-support-for-36nk594l.png Figure 5. Estimated birth cohort changes in support for legalization of marijuana by family income. Figure graphs results from Model 8 in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-ibkxgll9.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-period-changes-in-support-for-2x25yfwz.png Figure 6. Estimated period changes in support for legalization of marijuana by census division. Figure graphs results from Model 8 in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-period-changes-in-support-for-1nimeb6v.png Figure 7. Estimated period changes in support for legalization of marijuana by religious affiliation. Figure graphs results from Model 8 in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-random-slopes-variance-components-from-hierarchical-2zul93by.png Table 4. Random slopes (variance components) from hierarchical age-period-cohort models of support for legalization of marijuana. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-age-period-and-cohort-effects-on-support-3cpj80br.png Figure 1. Estimated age, period, and cohort effects on support for legalization of marijuana. Figure graphs results from Models 1 and 2 in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-likelihood-ratio-tests-of-model-fit-for-full-apc-2b76zbjm.png Table 2. Likelihood ratio tests of model fit for full APC model relative to partial models, from binary logistic regression models of support for legalization of marijuana with dummy variables for five-year birth cohorts, single-year periods, and five-year age categories. https://scispace.com/papers/periodic-waves-in-fiber-bragg-gratings-5egb2ma6b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-periodic-wave-solutions-of-the-sn-type-3aqd5nf5.png FIG. 1. Examples of periodic-wave solutions of the sn type. Cases =0.1, k=0.8, =1, and r=1.055 a , b , and =0.1, k =0.1, =1, and r=1.792 c represent long- and short-period waves, respectively. In a and c , real and imaginary parts of stationary field u x are shown within one period. In b , amplitude R x and phase x /4 are additionally shown for the longwave solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-the-periodic-wave-solution-of-the-cn-1j9f3z8t.png FIG. 2. An example of the periodic-wave solution of the cn type. Panels a and b have the same meaning as in Fig. 1. Parameters are =−0.5, k=0.995, =0.2, and r=0.4919. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-onset-of-a-very-weak-instability-of-the-periodic-sn-liifnvw6.png FIG. 4. Onset of a very weak instability of the periodic sn-type wave. Here as well as in Figs. 6 and 7 below , only the u component is shown by means of contour plots , as the respective picture in the v component is very similar. Parameters of the unperturbed solutions are k=0.99, =0.8, =0.85, and r=0.2887. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-instability-onset-time-for-sn-type-waves-versus-1-39617v7p.png FIG. 5. The instability-onset time for sn-type waves versus 1−k, with the fixed Bragg reflectivity =1 at different frequencies a and with fixed =0.9 at different b . Time t=10 000 corresponds, in physical units, to 0.1 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-instability-growth-rate-for-two-3qak64sb.png FIG. 3. Color online The instability growth rate for two families of the sn-type periodic solutions, at fixed values of =0.3 a and =0.1 b , as a function of elliptic modulus k. The results were obtained from numerical solution of linearized Eqs. 18 , confined to perturbations with the same period as the unperturbed solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-instability-of-the-sn-wave-at-a-negative-frequency-1lm6b1r2.png FIG. 6. The instability of the sn wave at a negative frequency: =−0.3, k=0.9, =1, and r=1.004. Note that in this figure and in Fig. 7, the actual time unit is nanosecond, unlike microsecond in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-strong-instability-of-a-cn-wave-with-k-0-995-0-2-r-0-w03u19sp.png FIG. 7. Strong instability of a cn wave with k=0.995, =0.2, r=0.492, and =−0.5. Note that this lies outside of the bandgap . https://scispace.com/papers/peripersonal-space-and-object-recognition-for-humanoids-3tncm17zcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-object-detection-performance-on-the-test-data-with-the-3rw1j271.png Fig. 5. Object detection performance on the test data. With the exception of three objects, all objects can be recognized with less than 5% error at the point of equal false positive rate (clutter classified as object) and false negative rate (object classified as clutter). The system has also learned to robustly ignore the background around the trained objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-systems-schematics-see-section-iii-for-a-description-3brsjgeu.png Fig. 1. Systems schematics. See section III for a description. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-visualization-of-the-approximation-of-the-1sj8z4wb.png Fig. 2. Schematic visualization of the approximation of the peripersonal space. The inner volume represents the peripersonal space, the outer volume the complete field of view with the sensitivity to visual and motion stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-object-recognition-model-based-on-the-disparity-cfl4ge9y.png Fig. 3. The object recognition model. Based on the disparity computation, a region of interest (ROI) is extracted around an object within the peripersonal space and normalized in size to provide an input color image with size 144x144 pixels. Shape and color processing is first separated in the feature hierarchy and then fused in the view-based object representation. In the color-insensitive shape pathway the first feature-matching stage S1 computes an initial linear sign-insensitive Gabor-filter orientation estimation, a Winner-Take-Most mechanism between features at the same position and a final threshold function. The connected frames between the processing layers visualize the receptive fields of the local feature detectors. The C1 layer subsamples the S1 features by pooling down to a 36x36 resolution using a Gaussian receptive field and a sigmoidal nonlinearity. The 50 features in the intermediate layer S2 are trained by sparse coding and are sensitive to local combinations of the features in the planes of the previous layer. A second pooling stage in the layer C2 again performs spatial integration and reduces the resolution to 18x18. The color pathway consists of three downsampled 18x18 maps of the individual RGB channels that are added to the C2 feature maps. Classification is based on view-tuned neurons in the S3 layer, sensitive to the high-dimensional C2 activation patterns of a particular object and trained by supervised learning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-training-and-test-data-for-the-recognition-model-the-12c9ckhl.png Fig. 4. Training and test data for the recognition model. The images are the full region of interest that is passed to the recognition model, centered around the disparity blob in peripersonal space. a) Training images for rejection. b) Rotation variation for gestures and objects. c) All 20 different objects. The sign cards were only rotated about 20 degrees around all axes. d) Examples from the test ensemble. https://scispace.com/papers/peripheral-sgp130-mediated-trans-signaling-blockade-induces-2grqqyg8mq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-peripheral-trans-signaling-blockade-induces-rhqbniep.png Figure 2. Peripheral trans-signaling blockade induces metabolic and behavioral changes in mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ppara-agonist-fenofibrate-reverses-the-mature-onset-2u5esz8m.png Figure 7. PPARα agonist fenofibrate reverses the mature-onset metabolic phenotype in sgp130Fc mice. https://scispace.com/papers/periphyton-nutrient-content-biomass-and-algal-community-on-5ubfpqg9vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-density-of-periphytic-descriptor-species-a-27zayeij.png Fig. 4 Relative density of periphytic descriptor species (a) and Chromulina spp. density (b) in control and combined N and P addition treatment (NP+) during the enrichment continuous period (3rd, 6th, 11th days) and 20 days after its interruption (31st day) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similarity-of-species-composition-of-periphytic-algae-1vk6746c.png Fig. 5 Similarity of species composition of periphytic algae in control (C) and combined N and P addition treatment (NP+) during the enrichment continuous period (3rd, 6th, 11th days) and 20 days after its interruption (31st day) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phytoplankton-chlorophyll-a-a-and-zooplankton-total-1esvdh4z.png Fig. 6 Phytoplankton chlorophyll a (a) and zooplankton total density (b) in control (C) and combined N and P addition treatment (NP+) during the enrichment continuous period (3rd, 6th, 11th days) and 20 days after its interruption (31st day) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zooplankton-taxa-with-relative-density-greater-than-3ndzri9l.png Table 2 Zooplankton taxa with relative density greater than 10% of total density (indm−3) in the control and combined N and P addition treatment (NP+) on sampling day (n = 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-and-standard-deviation-of-din-p-po4-and-np-4kkqciyy.png Table 1 Average and standard deviation of DIN, P–PO4 and NP molar ratio in the control and treatment with N and P combined addition (NP+) on sampling day https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-periphyton-chlorophyll-a-a-dry-mass-b-phosphorus-c-and-1w9qyilb.png Fig. 1 Periphyton chlorophyll a (a), dry mass (b), phosphorus (c) and nitrogen (d) content (n = 3; ± SD) in control and combined N and P addition treatment (NP+) during the enrichment continuous period (3rd, 6th, 11th days) and 20 days after its interruption (31st day) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-periphyton-total-density-in-control-c-and-combined-n-3bfg94sd.png Fig. 2 Periphyton total density in control (C) and combined N and P addition treatment (NP+) during the enrichment continuous period (3rd, 6th, 11th days) and 20 days after its interruption (31st day) https://scispace.com/papers/permanent-magnet-ion-profile-monitor-at-the-fermilab-main-596le4n8gb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-by-along-the-magnet-centerline-jzo9y6z7.png Figure 2: By along the magnet centerline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-between-measured-and-actual-x-y-0-k24sxqvk.png Figure 4: Difference between measured and actual x@y=0 Contour lines are 0.2 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-data-acquisition-display-3ec7exzp.png Figure 5: Sample data acquisition display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flux-lines-at-z-0-3v84ws14.png Figure 3: Flux Lines at z=0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-system-installed-in-the-main-injector-44ulpowr.png Figure 1: The system installed in the Main Injector. https://scispace.com/papers/permeability-and-hydraulic-conductivity-of-faulted-1x5ti6nj38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-diagrams-deriving-from-the-processing-of-the-data-3c4q9aks.png Fig. 14. Diagrams deriving from the processing of the data collected in each scan-box for the areas 3 as indicated in Fig. 4a. In this case, the scan lines along which data were collected are vertical. Symbols and explanation as in Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-panoramic-view-of-the-analysed-area-3-shown-in-fig-b3srjc4p.png Fig. 5. a) Panoramic view of the analysed area 3, shown in Fig. 4a. The 1st faults generation is given by faults arranged in a lozenge shape geometry. Minor fractures, interpreted as splay-structures, are associated to the E and W-dipping low-angle normal faults; b–c) detail of tourmaline veins (A veins in Dini et al., 2008) with splay structures associated to the main low-angle normal faults. d–e) plane polarized light and crossed polars micrographs showing the syn-tectonic crystalline fabric of the tourmaline veins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-diagrams-deriving-from-the-processing-of-the-data-16tugf5p.png Fig. 13. Diagrams deriving from the processing of the data collected in each scan-box for the areas 1 and 2 as indicated in Fig. 4a. These show: the number of veins vs. distance, the total veins length vs. distance, the minimum and maximum veins width vs. distance; each labelled diagram has been discussed in the text to which the reader is addressed for more explanations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-diagrams-illustrating-the-statistical-distribution-of-21uoivfj.png Fig. 16. Diagrams illustrating the statistical distribution of the permeability values for the different faults generation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-scan-lines-results-and-main-spacing-for-the-different-13i4au5c.png Fig. 11. Scan-lines results and main spacing for the different faults generations. The blue line at the base of the scan-line bars indicates where the scan-boxes have been located. The spacing between two similar structures is indicated in its minimum (m) and maximum values (M). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-viscosity-density-permeability-and-3qsztkd9.png Table 3 Values of viscosity, density, permeability and hydraulic conductivity for each faults generation. Low pressure and high pressure refer to variables calculated at minimum (i.e., homogenization) and maximum trapping conditions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-detailed-structural-map-of-the-indicated-areas-2vnjbu8m.png Fig. 10. Detailed structural map of the indicated areas reported in Fig. 4a. Analysed scan-lines and scan-boxes are also reported for the whole areas. https://scispace.com/papers/permeability-of-laboratory-formed-methane-hydrate-bearing-2cn3xh21xd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-water-saturations-at-specific-locations-3psp4xyk.png Figure 13. Average water saturations at specific locations (left column) and Water Saturation* (considers hydrate part of the solid medium) during the waterflood for Ksand28 and Ksand 20 The horizontal axis is time, and the locations scanned (Loc) are in mm from the initial scanning location. Loc 75 is 65 mm from the inlet, Loc 135 is 125 mm from the inlet,… https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-average-water-saturations-at-locations-during-the-2emgjtar.png Figure 14. Average water saturations at locations during the “dry” waterfloods for Ksand28 and Ksand 20. The horizontal axis is time, and the locations scanned (Loc) are in mm from the initial scanning location. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ct-scanning-of-a-cylindrical-sample-showing-cross-3r2i3xjk.png Figure 4. CT scanning of a cylindrical sample showing cross sections at various locations, and with time. Brighter regions indicate higher density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-location-specific-water-saturation-changes-at-1beucc44.png Figure 10. Location-specific water saturation changes at Location 75 in Ksand 20. The approximate average hydrate saturations in the top, middle, and bottom regions are 0.25, 0.39, and 0.27. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sinusoidal-porespace-model-and-residual-gas-1inegups.png Figure 17. Sinusoidal porespace model and residual gas entrapment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pressure-vessels-and-experiment-setup-top-setup-for-2uigm8qh.png Figure 3. Pressure vessels and experiment setup. Top - setup for Ksand and Fsand tests, Bottom – vessel for FsandSilt tests (similar flow setup). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gas-relative-permeability-for-stated-conditions-20x9ciys.png Figure 8. Gas relative permeability for stated conditions. Smallest symbols indicate lowest initial water saturation, largest symbols indicate largest initial water saturation. For the Fsand, results from an additional moist and frozen sample are also plotted here. Water permeability at residual gas saturation for Ksand28 is plotted (grey diamond) with the flowing phase (water) saturation plotted as the gas saturation. Lines were added to guide the eye through the series of conditions from moist to frozen to hydrate bearing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sample-permeabilities-under-various-conditions-mz1wytgv.png Figure 7. Sample permeabilities under various conditions. Smallest symbols indicate lowest initial water saturation, largest symbols indicate largest initial water saturation. For the Fsand, results from an additional moist and frozen sample are also plotted here. *Water permeability at residual gas saturation for Ksand28 is plotted (grey diamond) with the flowing phase (water) saturation plotted as the gas saturation. https://scispace.com/papers/persistence-of-fluazinam-in-soil-under-boreal-conditions-1pqyuv00u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-half-life-dt50-and-standard-deviation-days-3asdhl4y.png Table 4. Estimated half-life (DT50) and standard deviation (days) (n = 3) in the follow-up experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-concentration-mg-kg-1-standard-deviation-mg-kg-1-2tpgn0aj.png Table 5. Concentration (mg kg-1), standard deviation (mg kg-1), recovery (%), and percentage reduction of added fluazinam at the end of successive 90-day periods simulating the soil conditions during 1 year and estimated half-life (DT50) (days) (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-reduction-in-the-fluazinam-concentration-wb9i9764.png Table 3. Percentage reduction in the fluazinam concentration in 90 days for successive incubation periods in the follow-up experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percentage-recovery-of-fluazinam-and-standard-375oeq3e.png Table 6. Percentage recovery of fluazinam and standard deviation (%) after 90 days of incubation with and without the removal of SOM (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-properties-concentration-of-fluazinam-mg-kg-1-kgkdv6z9.png Table 7. Properties, concentration of fluazinam (mg kg-1), standard deviation (mg kg-1) (n = 3), and number of sprayings of field soil samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-properties-and-their-standard-deviations-at-the-rhr5iaky.png Table 1. Soil properties and their standard deviations at the Viikki research farm of the University of Helsinki. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-recovery-and-standard-deviation-of-added-2zxnkm27.png Table 2. Percentage recovery and standard deviation (%) of added fluazinam after 90, 180, 270, and 360 days of incubation (n = 3) in the follow-up experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/personalized-energy-priorities-a-user-centric-application-34bj5io87o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-four-stages-of-pep-3kgt3mhc.png Fig. 1. The four stages of PEP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributes-of-energy-efficiency-actions-3khn7z5p.png Table 2: Attributes of energy efficiency actions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alternative-energy-efficient-actions-available-to-do0pzx8n.png Table 1: Alternative energy efficient actions available to householders https://scispace.com/papers/personality-traits-and-mental-health-treatment-utilization-1hax40abme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-outcome-variables-among-13xstuq5.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for outcome variables among 733 study participants https://scispace.com/papers/perspectives-of-creators-and-performers-on-the-digital-era-2vq7tx91d8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-gross-annual-income-2009-n-3377-excluding-2m54vjx3.png Figure 1. Total gross annual income 2009 (N = 3377)*. *Excluding respondents who did not know or did not want to disclose their gross annual income. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-opportunities-and-threats-index-per-occupational-3q4u57e6.png Figure 5. Opportunities and threats index per occupational group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-opportunities-and-threats-index-per-cluster-1o73e9x0.png Figure 7. Opportunities and threats index per cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-occupational-profile-clusters-2i8ouwzh.png Table 5. Occupational profile clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-opportunities-and-threats-stance-is-partially-3r3vj9eb.png Figure 6. Opportunities and threats stance is partially explained by demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-i-expect-more-earning-opportunities-as-a-2sr2icj4.png Figure 4. ‘I expect more earning opportunities as a consequence of digitisation’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-past-income-development-in-relation-to-financial-268s1ied.png Figure 3. Past income development in relation to financial harm from file sharing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-activity-1sxpk5kw.png Table 1. Primary activity. https://scispace.com/papers/perspectives-on-regular-and-support-class-placement-and-izxum5p5sz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-teachers-identifying-factors-acting-as-2mgwmrqu.png Table 3 Number (%) of Teachers Identifying Factors Acting as Facilitators and Barriers to Inclusion https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-principals-identifying-factors-acting-as-362j3tdc.png Table 4 Number (%) of Principals Identifying Factors Acting as Facilitators and Barriers to Inclusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-teacher-and-parent-rating-of-concern-regarding-3b6n7cli.png Figure 3. Teacher and parent rating of concern regarding bullying https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pretest-assessments-of-children-in-regular-and-7bj76nk7.png Table 1 Pretest Assessments of Children in Regular and Support Classes Support Class Regular Class df t p M SD M SD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-teacher-and-parent-ratings-for-satisfaction-with-14hziw00.png Figure 2. Teacher and parent ratings for satisfaction with progress across curriculum areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principal-teacher-and-parent-ratings-for-success-of-216puh8b.png Figure 1. Principal, teacher and parent ratings for success of placement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-parents-identifying-factors-acting-as-63n9fh6j.png Table 2 Number (%) of Parents Identifying Factors Acting as Facilitators and Barriers to Inclusion https://scispace.com/papers/persuasive-cued-click-points-design-implementation-and-3cywn5y1o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-create-login-and-recall-times-in-seconds-recall-2jwyoiyu.png TABLE 4 Create, login, and recall times in seconds. Recall represents either at-home tasks or a second lab session. Missing values are identified as na and values that are not applicable with dashes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-login-and-recall-success-rates-across-the-eight-1h5r4889.png TABLE 3 Login and recall success rates across the eight studies, as percentages. Recall represents either at-home tasks or a second lab session. Values that are not applicable are identified with dashes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-user-navigates-through-images-to-form-a-ccp-password-1ov66lyk.png Fig. 1. A user navigates through images to form a CCP password. Each click determines the next image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-shuffles-per-image-for-password-creation-30xy6j75.png TABLE 5 Number of shuffles per image for password creation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pccp-create-password-interface-the-viewport-highlights-1a58330n.png Fig. 2. PCCP Create Password interface. The viewport highlights part of the image. (Pool image from [25]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-eight-studies-numbers-in-parentheses-25sby1en.png TABLE 1 Summary of eight studies. Numbers in parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-six-experimental-conditions-and-2uupel3d.png TABLE 2 Parameters for six experimental conditions and number of users (N) in the PCCP 2-week recall study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cumulative-frequency-distribution-of-hotspot-coverage-1fbexccz.png Fig. 5. Cumulative frequency distribution of hotspot coverage for PassPoints, CCP, and PCCP. https://scispace.com/papers/perturbation-based-fec-assisted-iterative-nonlinearity-3tt51uhldx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-with-the-detailed-digital-signal-2o903880.png Fig. 3: Experimental setup with the detailed digital signal processing at the transmitter and at the receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-numerical-results-for-the-receiver-performance-as-a-cscakdwq.png Fig. 2: Numerical results for the receiver performance as a function of launched power after 20×80 km of dispersion uncompensated WDM transmission of 5 × 32 GBd DP-64QAM. (a) SNR at the input of the LDPC decoder; (b) pre-FEC BER; (c) post-FEC BER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nlc-schemes-investigated-a-fec-assisted-b-conventional-3nvfa0vj.png Fig. 1: NLC schemes investigated. (a) FEC-assisted; (b) Conventional; (c) Genie-assisted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-results-for-the-central-channel-1ov5qcsv.png Fig. 4: Experimental results for the central channel performance as a function of launched power for dispersion uncompensated WDM transmission of (a-c) 5 × 32 GBd DP-64QAM after 1120 km and (d-f) 5 × 32 GBd DP-16QAM after 4200 km. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-performance-comparison-of-dbp-vs-17ftawug.png Fig. 5: Experimental performance comparison of DBP vs Perturbation-based FEC-assisted NLC for the transmission of 5×32 GBd DP-16QAM. (a) pre-FEC Q2-factor of the central channel as a function of the launch power; (b) post-FEC BER of the central channel as a function of the launch power; (c) Maximum pre-FEC Q2-factor (Q2-factor at the optimum launch power) for each WDM carrier. https://scispace.com/papers/petrophysical-data-prediction-from-seismic-attributes-using-1g68n5st2i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-zgac5pv8.png Figure 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1d0ugm8w.png Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2zhul5dn.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4t58zvfv.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3ey61zbm.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1jqlqd5i.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-c65e3gjl.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-2wwjlzue.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/papers/pga-net-pyramid-feature-fusion-and-global-context-attention-23corg0ub7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-challenges-of-defect-inspection-from-industry-a-2ekt8f1n.png Fig. 1. Challenges of defect inspection from industry. (a) Defects with lowcontrast. (b) Defects with great difference between intra-class. (c) Defects with similarity between inter-class. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-detection-results-on-neu-seg-dataset-red-3n6whecf.png Fig. 5. Comparison of detection results on NEU-Seg dataset. Red, green and yellow represent inclusion (In), patches (Pa) and scratches (Sc) defect, respectively. (a) Original image. (b) Ground truth. (c) SegNet. (d) PSPNet. (e) DeepLab. (f) RefineNet. (g) FCN. (h) PGANet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-detection-results-on-dagm-2007-dataset-a-2bpgxi1n.png Fig. 6. Comparison of detection results on DAGM 2007 dataset. (a) Original image. (b) Ground truth. (c) SegNet. (d) FCN. (e) DeepLab. (f) PSPNet. (g) RefineNet. (h) PGA-Net https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-the-proposed-pga-net-given-an-input-34ifz041.png Fig. 2. Architecture of the proposed PGA-Net. Given an input image, we first use the pre-trained CNN to get the feature maps from the last convolutional layer of each stage, then a pyramid feature fusion (PFF) module is applied to fuse these feature maps into five different resolutions, followed by global context attention (GCA) module and boundary refinement (BR) block to combine the adjacent resolutions and refine the predicted maps. Finally, the multiple outputs from boundary refinement are to carry out deep supervised learning. The final prediction is the fused of these multiple outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-detection-results-on-road-defect-dataset-2b7hspt6.png Fig. 8. Comparison of detection results on Road defect dataset. Red and green represents crack and inlaid patch, respectively. (a) Original image. (b) Ground truth. (c) PSPNet. (d) DeepLab. (e) RefineNet. (f) SegNet. (g) FCN. (h) PGANet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-detection-results-on-mt-defect-dataset-35is6pkk.png Fig. 7. Comparison of detection results on MT defect dataset. Different colors represent different kinds of defects, respectively. (a) Original image. (b) Ground truth. (c) PSPNet. (d) RefineNet. (e) SegNet. (f) DeepLab. (g) FCN. (h) PGA-Net https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-details-of-features-extraction-module-1r76ecqi.png TABLE I DETAILS OF FEATURES EXTRACTION MODULE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-failure-of-proposed-method-pga-net-on-four-srr9jxc4.png Fig. 9. The failure of proposed method PGA-Net on four datasets. (a) and (b) are failure detect of NEU-Seg dataset, (c) and (d) are failure detect of DAGM 2007, (e) and (f) are failure detect of Road Defect dataset, (g) and (h) are failure detect of MT Defect dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/ph-responsive-benzaldehyde-functionalized-peg-based-dnbmt6skc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-assessment-of-intrinsic-formulation-toxicity-hct116-1i7vcyny.png Fig. 7. Assessment of intrinsic formulation toxicity. HCT116 cells were treated with varying concentrations (c = 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg mL−1) of benzaldehyde-functionalized P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA197 polymeric nanoparticle morphologies prepared by pHswitch method for 48 h and assessed in terms of cell viability by MTT assay. PBS buffer was used as a negative control (c = 0 mg mL−1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dls-volume-average-diameter-distribution-of-the-p-lmm7y564.png Fig. 4. DLS volume-average diameter distribution of the P(OEGMAx-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPAy amphiphilic block copolymer morphologies (1 mg mL−1) in 0.1M PBS buffer (pH 7.4) prepared by single emulsion-solvent evaporation post-polymerization method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-images-of-a-p-oegma23-st-pfpma1-b-pdpa151-b-p-3l208mlh.png Fig. 5. SEM images of (A) P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA151, (B) P(OEGMA23-stpFPMA1)-b-PDPA167, (C) P(OEGMA22-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA186, (D) P(OEGMA22-stpFPMA1)-b-PDPA197 and (E) P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA235 amphiphilic diblock https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-assessment-of-p-oegma23-st-pfpma1-b-pdpa235-pe56l4a8.png Fig. 9. Assessment of P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA235 nanoparticle uptake in A2780 and A549 cells. (A) A2780 and (B) A549 cells were both treated with rhodamine 6G loaded P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA235 nanoparticles prepared via single emulsion-solvent evaporation. Following treatment the cells were washed, fixed and nuclear regions were stained with DAPI. Cells were subsequently imaged by confocal microscopy. Scale bars = 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dls-volume-weighted-diameter-distribution-of-the-p-24zo5rp6.png Fig. 1 DLS volume weighted diameter distribution of the P(OEGMAx-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPAy amphiphilic diblock copolymer morphologies (1 mg mL−1) in 0.1 M PBS buffer (pH 7.4) prepared by pH-switch post-polymerization method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sec-thf-data-for-p-oegmax-st-pfpma1-macro-ctas-samples-3865s69t.png Fig. 1 DLS volume weighted diameter distribution of the P(OEGMAx-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPAy amphiphilic diblock copolymer morphologies (1 mg mL−1) in 0.1 M PBS buffer (pH 7.4) prepared by pH-switch post-polymerization method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-assessment-of-alexa-fluortm-488-hydroxylamine-dye-3k0q9evb.png Fig. 8. Assessment of Alexa Fluor™ 488 hydroxylamine dye conjugation to P(OEGMA-stpFPMA)-b-PDPA polymer nanoparticles. Alexa Fluor™ 488 hydroxylamine dye was attached to P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1)-b-PDPA186 nanoparticles in the presence of paraphenylenediamine (p-PDA) catalyst. Nanoparticles were subsequently assessed in terms of (A) conjugation via fluorescence measured at ex 488 nm / em 518 nm and (B) physical characteristics (hydrodynamic diameter size) as determined by DLS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dls-volume-weighted-diameter-distribution-of-p-oegma23-1u57gbsm.png Fig. 6. DLS volume weighted diameter distribution of P(OEGMA23-st-pFPMA1 )-bPDPA235 amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles prepared by single emuls ionsolvent evaporation in PBS buffer (2 mg mL−1) at different solution pH values. PBS buffer at pH 7.4 was used as a control. 3.6. In vitro cytotoxicity of amphiphilic block copolymer morphologies https://scispace.com/papers/phage-display-technology-in-biomaterials-engineering-xrb3jv5h9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cell-targeting-gene-delivery-for-selective-and-more-2y4mi7yr.png Figure 5. Cell-targeting gene delivery for selective and more efficient in vitro and in vivo gene therapy. (a) Selective transduction of NPCs in adult C57BL/6 mouse brain by capsid-mutated AdGFPL.VPTQSSG vector. Fluorescence-activated laser scanning microscopy images of brain sections analyzed by immunohistochemistry after injection of (a1, a2) PEGylated AdGFPL.VPTQSSG, (a3) AdGFPL.HTFEPGV, (a4) AdGFP into the dentate gyrus of adult mice. Nestin (red fluorescence, a1) and merge (yellow a2). Abbreviations: AdGFP, adenoviral vector that expresses GFP; AdGFPL, adenoviral vector that expresses GFP-Luc; VPTQSSG, NPC-specific binding peptide; HTFEPGV, unspecific peptide; gcl, granular cell layer. Reprinted and adapted with permission from ref 57. Copyright 2007 John Wiley and Sons. (b) Targeted gene delivery using PAMAM dendrimers functionalized with MSCs binding peptides. (b1) Fluorescence microscopy images showing intracellular localization of (RITC)-labeled pDNA (red) in MSCs transfected with native dendrimers (unconjugated, G5) and dendrimers conjugated with four peptide arms [G5-(HAB)4, G5-(LAB)4] as vectors. The endosomal-lysosomal system was stained with LysoSensor Green DND-189 (green), and the nucleus with DAPI (blue). (b2) Luc gene expression obtained with dendrimers (native and conjugated with 2, 4, and 8 HAB peptide arms) with and without presaturation of cell receptors by HAB peptide (0.1 mM). Reprinted with permission from ref 93. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. (c) Delivery of siRNA into the skin and cells using SPACE peptide. (c1) Confocal microscopy images of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; nuclei stained in blue) treated with (c1.1) PBS (control), (c1.2) FITC-labeled SPACE peptide for 24 h. (c2) Delivery of siRNA in vitro and in vivo. (c2.1) Percentage of knockdown of GFP in GFP-expressing endothelial cells. (c2.2) Percentage of knockdown of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in mice after 24 h of treatment. Reprinted with permission from ref 60. Copyright 2011 United States National Academy of Sciences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2d-biomaterials-surfaces-functionalized-with-33vkl88g.png Figure 2. 2D biomaterials (surfaces) functionalized with peptide sequences identified by phage display for in vitro cell culture (proliferation and differentiation). (a) Synthetic surfaces of SAMs displaying phage-derived peptides that bind to the surface of human ESCs support their undifferentiated growth. (a1) SAMs composed of perfluorinated alkanethiols (ATs) containing different ratios of peptide-AT and glucamine-AT (nonadherent for cells) to obtain surface arrays of peptides with different densities. (a2) Human ESCs (hESCs) proliferating on peptide-AT SAMs maintain expression of markers of pluripotency (Oct4 and SSEA4). Adapted with permission from ref 21. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. (b) BMHP1 immobilized on 2D surfaces induce the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. (b1) Linear and cyclic BMHP1 (cBMHP1) were conjugated to maleimidefunctionalized quartz substrates via a cysteine residue inserted in the N-terminus. (b2) Low-magnification (200×) inverted microscopy images of Alizarin Red S (forms a bright red complex with calcium) staining onMSCs cultured on bare and peptide-functionalized surfaces in DMEM (top panel) and ODM (bottom panel) for 7 days (insets show macroscopic images). (b3) Colorimetric quantification of calcium deposition by cells cultured in DMEM (left) and ODM (right). Adapted with permission from ref 75. Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-use-of-phage-display-center-m13-phage-2rat9upl.png Figure 1. The use of phage display (center: M13 phage displaying a random peptide library on coat-protein 3) in biomaterials engineering and their applications in in vitro (a, b) and in vivo (c, d) RM approaches. (a) Functionalized synthetic substrates (2D surfaces) for stem cell expansion. (b) Functionalized hydrogels (3D environments) for recreating/manipulating stem cell niches. (c) Functionalized injectable biomaterials for sequestering GFs to promote endogenous tissue repair. (d) Functionalized nanocarriers for cell reprogramming (target delivery of genetic material to specific cells). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-application-of-phage-derived-peptides-for-1benarsg.png Figure 6. The application of phage-derived peptides for targeted imaging of cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. (a) Collagen-I-specific probe based on collagen-binding peptide displayed on dendrimer edges. (a1) Collagen-binding peptide displayed on dendrimer edges resembling the typical pentavalent structure of phages. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images of pig parietal pericardium incubated with (a2) 0.6 μM fluorescein-labeled peptide pentamer, (a3, a4) fluorescein-labeled monovalent collagen binding peptide at 0.6 μM and 60 μM, (a5−a7) 6 μM AlexaFluor568-labeled CNA35 (red) followed by 0.6 μM fluorescein-labeled peptide pentamer (green) (costaining). Adapted with permission from ref 38. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. (b) Detection of VCAM-1 by MRI and fluorescence imaging using VCAM-1-binding peptide (VP) and multimodal nanoparticles (VNPs) in atherosclerotic lesions. Intravital confocal microscopy images of mouse ear with (b1, b3) or without (b2, b4) mTNF-α-induced inflammation at 4 (b1, b2) and 24 h (b3, b4) after intravenous injection of VNP (red). Green color in the images is due to the tissue autofluorescence. Images obtained from the 3D stack reconstruction of the Z series (b5) from b3 and of the time series (b6) of VNP staining within the vessels (each time point is shown as an individual slice in the Z direction and the level of peptide staining (low to high) is given by the color scheme (blue to green)). In vivo (b7) and ex vivo (b8) MRI of the aorta of cholesterol-fed apoE−/−mice using gadolinium-protected graft copolymer (Gd-PGC) shows defined vascular lumen and aortic abnormalities such as narrowing (b7, arrows) and low signal changes caused by VNP localization (arrows, b8). (b9) Epifluorescence image of excised aorta using fluorescent labeled peptide confirming details observed in b8. (b10, b11) Immunofluorescence images of aorta sections revealing colocalization of VCAM-1 (green) and VNP (red). Nuclei in b10 and b11 are stained with DAPI (blue). Bars = 10 μm. Adapted with permission from ref 67. Copyright 2005 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins/Wolters Kluwer Health. (c) Targeted imaging of ESCs using peptideconjugated QDs. (c1) Schematic of CdSe-ZnS QDs conjugated with APWHLSSQYSRT peptide (green sphere). (c2) Fluorescence and bright-field microscopy images of ESCs (cell nuclei in blue, Hoechest 33258) after incubation with peptide-QDs (red) showing their binding to ESC colonies (inside dashed line). (c3) Fluorescence microscopy image of peptide QDs with PMEF cells which are used as a feeder layer (outside dashed line). (c4, c6) Fluorescence microscopy images of cells with free QDs (without conjugated peptides, control). (c5) Fluorescence microscopy images mESCs peptide-conjugated QDs. Adapted with permission from ref 56. Copyright 2010 Public Library of Science. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-biomaterials-hydrogels-functionalized-with-vm519j6h.png Figure 3. 3D biomaterials (hydrogels) functionalized with peptide sequences identified by phage display for in vitro cell culture (proliferation and differentiation). (a) Self-assembled peptide hydrogels functionalized with HAP-binding peptides for periodontal regeneration. (a1) Schematic illustration of the peptide self-assembly and hydrogel formation. (a2) Fluorescence microscopy image of a live/dead assay on cementoblast cells encapsulated within self-assembling peptide gels showing viable cells. (a3) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the peptide gel showing the deposition of calcium-phosphate mineral by cementoblasts, as confirmed by the corresponding EDXS (inset). Reprinted and adapted with permission from ref 78. Copyright 2010 Elsevier. (b) BMP-2-binding PA (BMP2b-PA) nanofibers induced osteoblast differentiation of a myoblast cell line (C2C12) in vitro. (b1) Photographs of PA-based gels (D-BMP2b-PA: obtained by mixing equal ratios of BMP2b-PA with diluent PA at the same concentration). (b2) SEMmicrographs of PA gels showing the network of filamentous nanostructures. (b3) In vitro release of BMP-2 from PA gels, with or without BMP-2-binding PA, in comparison to collagen sponges preloaded with BMP-2 up to 28 days. (b4) Optical micrographs of C2C12 cells stained for the detection of ALP on day 3 of culture in a growth medium supplemented with treatment media containing 50 ng mL−1 of BMP-2 with heparin or PAs at different concentrations. Adapted from ref 87. Copyright 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (c) NSC differentiation on 3D peptide nanofiber gel scaffolds functionalized with bone marrow binding peptides, BMHPs. (c1−c4) Inverted fluorescence microscopy images of differentiating adult mouse NSCs cultured in vitro during 7 days on (c1) 1% Matrigel (positive control), (c2) nonfunctionalized RADA16 peptide gel (negative control), (c3) RADA16-BMHP1, and (c4) RADA16-BMHP2, stained for cell nuclei (blue), β-tubulin+ (red) for neurons, and nestin+ (green) for neural progenitors (green). Adapted with permission from ref 83. Copyright 2006 Public Library of Science. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-application-of-phage-derived-peptides-for-in-2q8m341t.png Figure 4. The application of phage-derived peptides for in vivo tissue regeneration. (a) In vivo stem cell homing by PCL electrospun meshes functionalized with E7 peptide with specific affinity for MSCs. (a1) Confocal microscopy images of peptide-conjugated PCL electrospun meshes harvested 7 days after implantation in full-thickness articular osteochondral defects in rats and stained by immunofluorescence for specificMSC (CD44, CD90, CD105) and inflammatory (CD68) markers (green: FITC, blue: Hoeschst33258, red: CD44/CD90/CD105/CD68 counterstained with Cy3 & Cy5). Reprinted and adapted with permission from ref 51. Copyright 2012 Elsevier. (b) PA molecules displaying binding epitopes for TGFβ-1 support the regeneration of full thickness chondral defects in articular cartilage. (b1) Surgical and implantation procedure showing (b1.1) full thickness articular cartilage defects made with a microcuret in rabbit trochlea; (b1.2) microfracture holes through the subchondral bone using a microawl to promote bleeding into the defect; (b1.3) injected PA gel in the defect (arrow); (b1.4) PA gel labeled with a fluorescent dye contained within the cartilage defects after injection. (b2) Images of articular cartilage defects after 12 weeks of implantation with (b2.1) 100 ng/mL TGF-β1, (b2.2) filler PA + 100TGF, (b2.3) 10%TGFBPA + 100TGF, (b2.4) 10%TGFBPA alone. (b3) Microscopy images of tissue sections of articular cartilage defects obtained from histological and immunohistochemical analysis and stained for GAGs using safranin-O (left panel) and type II collagen (right panel) 12 weeks after treatment with (b3.1, b3.2) 100 ng/mL TGF-β1, (b3.3, b3.4) filler PA + 100TGF, (b3.5, b3.6) 10%TGFBPA + 100TGF, (b3.7, b3.8) 10% TGFBPA alone. Reprinted with permission from ref 89. Copyright 2010 United States National Academy of Sciences. (c) An injectable collagen gel containing a bifunctional peptide (BC-1) with affinity for collagen and BMP-2 enhances retention of BMP-2 and increases ectopic bone formation; (c1) osteogenic cellular activity, bone area, and bone maturity scored from H&E slides (c2) and by two observers; (c2) histology images (H&E staining) from the rat ectopic model; (c2.1) 2 μg BMP-2 in 1.5% collagen gel; (c2.2) 2 μg BMP-2 with 50-fold molar excess of BC-1 in 1.5% collagen gel (b, bone zones; c, collagen zones; cells are stained blue). Adapted with permission from ref 17. Copyright 2010 Public Library of Science. https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacogenomics-in-diabetes-mellitus-insights-into-drug-1wt8djga3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-replicated-pharmacogenetic-findings-of-antidiabetic-2jgxxux7.png Table 2. Replicated pharmacogenetic findings of antidiabetic agents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pharmacogenomic-studies-of-antidiabetic-drugs-and-378a7tgq.png Table 1 | Pharmacogenomic studies of antidiabetic drugs and genomic studies of other diabetes mellitus-related traits https://scispace.com/papers/phase-averaged-mean-properties-of-turbulent-flow-developing-1i7tfox0tk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-instantaneous-streamwise-velocity-component-3aclay73.png Figure 3: Instantaneous streamwise velocity component (normalized with U∞) in plane 3 at the lowest (left) and highest (right) position of the structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-evolution-of-the-first-two-pod-coefficients-in-36y8ysnc.png Figure 6: Time evolution of the first two POD coefficients in plan 3 (top) and 11 (bottom). The time evolutions of transverse oscillations in each measurement plane are also represented for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-the-transverse-motion-of-the-3f0pymaq.png Figure 4: Time evolution of the transverse motion of the sheet of net in Plane 11 (top) and instantaneous streamwise velocity component (normalized with U∞) obtained at the highest (left) and lowest (right) position of the structure. These instants are indicated with green crosses in the top graph. Instants t1 and t2 are related to figure 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-isosurface-of-the-first-2-pod-modes-mode-1-on-top-5p1w7l0c.png Figure 5: Isosurface of the first 2 POD modes (mode 1 on top and mode 2 on bottom), for Plane P ′3 (left) and P11 (right). Black dotted lines indicate the highest and lowest positions of the sheet of net. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-phase-averaged-mean-streamwise-component-obtained-1zwplajs.png Figure 9: Phase averaged mean streamwise component obtained at two instants associated with an upward (on the right) and downward (on the left) motion of the structure in plane P10 (top) and P11 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-averaged-mean-velocity-around-the-rectangular-1ah6wb4j.png Figure 8: Phase averaged mean velocity around the rectangular sheet of net at three instants that correspond in each plane to a) the crest amplitude of structure oscillations; b) a median position during an downward structure movement; c) a median position during an upward structure movement. d) Spatial evolution of the instantaneous value of boundary layer thickness along the sheet of net. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-sheet-of-net-located-in-the-flume-tank-during-2faxbr59.png Figure 1: Top: Sheet of net located in the flume tank during trials at 0.85m/s. Bottom: Description of the sheet of net assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-of-phase-averaged-mean-velocity-profiles-1sz3x6kh.png Figure 7: Examples of phase averaged mean velocity profiles in the planes P3 (top) and P7 (bottom) for the highest (left hand side) and median position of the structure (right hand side). https://scispace.com/papers/phase-diagram-of-germanium-telluride-encapsulated-in-carbon-14tnw9s35g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zero-temperature-phase-diagram-for-encapsulated-gete-2mjg19hs.png FIG. 1. Zero-temperature phase diagram for encapsulated GeTe nanowires. Where a line begins without a data point (e.g., as in the P4/mmm−I phase at 5.65 Å), the structure was found to be mechanically unstable in a nanotube of that radius. In this case, the energy from that calculation is not included in the fit, and the fit is then extrapolated to that point. The vertical dotted black lines indicate the positions of phase transitions at which a new nanowire phase becomes the most energetically favorable. The ground-state structures are shown along the bottom, with the arrows pointing to the regions on the phase diagram at which they are the most energetically favorable structures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-nanotubes-at-which-our-finite-temperature-394ciumm.png TABLE II. Nanotubes at which our finite-temperature calculations indicate the presence of a phase transition between 0 and 1000 K. In the “structures” column, the lower temperature phase is indicated on the left and the higher temperature phase on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-variation-with-nanotube-radius-and-temperature-of-1stskoui.png FIG. 3. The variation with nanotube radius and temperature of the ground-state nanowire structure. Variations in vibrational contributions to the structures’ free energies are seen to induce changes in the nanotube radii at which transitions occur as the temperature varies, with the result that for certain nanotube radii, a temperature-induced phase transition is expected; these radii are marked with vertical dotted lines, and their corresponding chiral vectors are indicated in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-between-experimental-tem-imagery-17zfpr80.png FIG. 2. A comparison between experimental TEM imagery reproduced with permission from Ref. [32] (top) and simulated TEM imagery (bottom) generated from the GeTe structures predicted in this work using SimulaTEM’s MULTISLIC package [33]. The structures shown are the P 4̄m2 (left) and P 1̄ (right) phases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-all-gete-filling-structures-shown-in-fig-1-in-the-3qg24q5q.png TABLE I. All GeTe filling structures shown in Fig. 1. In the end-on view, the periodic axis points into the page and in the side-on view it points from left to right. Where two structures have the same symmetry, we distinguish them by appending a number in Roman numerals. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-equilibria-and-clustering-in-size-asymmetric-primitive-3c4m7f9ijc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-binodal-curves-for-size-asymmetric-3o0u1xag.png FIG. 1. Simulated binodal curves for size-asymmetric electrolyte syst with different l. Circles: l51; diamonds:l50.75; squares:l50.5; triangles:l50.25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-critical-parameters-for-size-asymmetric-pm-2zp2rvko.png FIG. 2. Critical parameters for size-asymmetric PM electrolytes.~a! Critical temperature as a function of asymmetry. Circles correspond to resul simulations; squares are MSA results via the energy route, and diamond MSA results via the virial route.~b! Critical density as a function of asym metry. The meaning of the symbols is the same as in~a!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-potential-energy-of-a-simple-cluster-of-four-ions-at-3kjrhl59.png FIG. 4. Potential energy of a simple cluster of four ions at different c figurations. The solid line is the calculated potential energy of comp clusters, the dashed line is that for a linear tetramer. The numerical va are in unit of (4pDD0e 22s6) 21. Inserts are schematic representations clusters:~a! compact cluster whenl.A221; ~b! compact cluster whenl <A221; ~c! linear cluster~tetramer!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-probability-of-finding-an-ion-involved-in-a-cluster-of-m5pe9yf5.png FIG. 5. Probability of finding an ion involved in a cluster of sizen at T* 50.03 andr* 50.003 for al50.1 system of sizeL* 591. The insert is the same plot for RPM atT* 50.051 andr* 50.002 in a system of sizeL* 550. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-field-equations-with-memory-the-hyperbolic-case-3hmdsbmy12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-motion-by-hyperbolic-born-infeld-crystalline-curvature-1hc8674g.png Fig. 2. Motion by hyperbolic (Born–Infeld) crystalline curvature. Shrinkage of a polygon of 30 sides for (a) γ2 = 0 and t = 0, 0.8, 1.1, 1.3; (b) γ2 = 1 and t = 0, 0.9, 1.3, 1.6; (c) γ2 = 5 and t = 0, 1.3, 2.2, 2.8, 3.1. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-formation-and-thermal-stability-of-ultrathin-nickel-2v65wxnxp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-ebsd-patterns-recorded-on-a-3-7-nm-ni-15ccdu2x.png FIG. 4. Color online EBSD patterns recorded on a 3.7 nm Ni film, as deposited a , and after annealing to b 350 °C, c 600 °C and d 850 °C. Subfigure e shows the simulated EBSD pattern for the -phase, while subfigure f shows a cubic EBSD pattern, where the additional bands compared to the hexagonal pattern are indicated with dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-cross-section-hrtem-images-on-a-the-as-38iz42a6.png FIG. 5. Color online Cross section HRTEM images on a the as deposited 3.7 nm thick Ni layer and b after an anneal to 350 °C. c shows the NBD image of the silicide at 350 °C. In d , the Fourier transform of picture b is shown, indicating the orientation of the atom layers in the silicide. After annealing to 600 °C, the layer is no longer flat, and separate grains become visible e . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-subfigure-a-pole-figure-with-d-0-192-nm-1wt3b71e.png FIG. 3. Color online Subfigure a pole figure, with d=0.192 nm, recorded on the 6 nm Ni film, after anneal at 600 °C, showing the 202 and 211 poles. Subfigure b pole figure recorded on the 3.7 nm Ni film, after an anneal at 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-top-view-sem-images-of-a-a-6-nm-film-3e1qxnce.png FIG. 2. Color online Top view SEM images of a a 6 nm film annealed to 650 °C, showing severe agglomeration, b a uniform 3.7 nm film annealed to 650 °C, and c a 3.7 nm film annealed to 850 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-in-situ-sheet-resistance-as-a-function-of-1g9ncs40.png FIG. 1. Color online In situ sheet resistance as a function of temperature and thickness for thin nickel films. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-ii-documentation-overview-of-corrective-action-unit-98-465mhgupgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-model-objective-functions-based-on-geochemistry-1sjzy6wk.png Figure 5-5 Model Objective Functions Based on Geochemistry Velocity and Flow Angle Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-19-median-source-term-for-the-base-usgsd-no-depth-30uiwdls.png Figure 5-19 Median Source Term for the BASE-USGSD No Depth Decay, BASE-USGSD with Alternative Calibration, CPBA-USGSD, and DISP-USGSD Flow Models for the DIANA MOON SSM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-12-cumulative-probability-plot-for-newpoint-cavity-j649rbx2.png Figure 5-12 Cumulative Probability Plot for NEWPOINT Cavity Flux for All Flow Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-2-3asykrfi.png Table C.1-1 Summary of HFMs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-lower-carbonate-aquifer-well-locations-and-steady-235f397m.png Figure 4-6 Lower Carbonate Aquifer Well Locations and Steady-State Heads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-13-cumulative-probability-plot-for-pin-stripe-1rmzkccv.png Figure 5-13 Cumulative Probability Plot for PIN STRIPE Cavity Flux for All Flow Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-activity-concentrations-equal-to-4-millirem-per-2f6osj78.png Table 5-2 Activity Concentrations Equal to 4-Millirem-per-Year Dose https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-summary-of-alternative-hfms-considered-30pi9qxu.png Table 4-2 Summary of Alternative HFMs Considered https://scispace.com/papers/phase-multistability-of-self-modulated-oscillations-2vbqsx3jy9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-synchronization-regions-for-coexisting-families-of-a-kek1iagp.png FIG. 5. Synchronization regions for coexisting families of a tractors (m52.903 28, g50.012 505, andb5531025). Dotted curves denote period-doubling bifurcations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-variation-of-the-tubular-pressurept-and-b-the-rate-zlts4gnn.png FIG. 6. ~a! Variation of the tubular pressurePt and ~b! the rate of changev r for the arteriolar radius in the self-modulated 1: regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-antisymmetric-part-of-the-effective-coupling-functio-2phwz99k.png FIG. 7. Antisymmetric part of the effective coupling functio for the coupled nephrons~8! at T516.0 s anda518.6. The behavior of Ga(Df) reveals the synchronization properties of tw coupled 6-dimensional oscillators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-phase-portraits-for-different-regimes-in-phase-df-50-0-22lt3ajf.png FIG. 8. Phase portraits for different regimes. In-phase (Df 50.0) and antiphase (Df 51.5711p) solutions are labeledI and A, respectively. Two out-ofphase solutions with Df 51.7526p andDf50.9272p are indicated as O1 and O2. The phase space trajectories are pr jected onto the planes spanned b the rates of change for the two a teriolar radii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-synchronization-regions-for-coexisting-families-of-a-3ww8196o.png FIG. 9. Synchronization regions for coexisting families of a tractors (a518.595, T2516.0 s, g50.004). I denotes the stable in-phase solution,A the antiphase solution, andO1 andO2 are two out-of-phase solutions. PD denotes regimes with period-doubled lutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-analysis-for-the-self-modulat-regime-of-a-6y64zrkj.png FIG. 2. Phase analysis for the self-modulat regime of a generator with inertial nonlinearity ~a! Antisymmetric part of effective coupling function; ~b! evolution of location and stability of coexisting regimes when the coupling vector gradually changed fromKx to Kz . Black circles denote stable solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-phase-map-of-system-6-contains-a-six-stable-rcpb1b5r.png FIG. 4. The phase map of system~6! contains~a! six stable equilibrium points corresponding to six synchronous regimes identical systems (v251.0). When a frequency mismatch (v2 51.001) is introduced~b! only three equilibrium points remain.K is fixed at 531024. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-six-phase-locked-patterns-with-different-phase-shifts-209s47em.png FIG. 3. Six phase-locked patterns with different phase shifts~a! Df50.0, ~b! Df51.6553p, ~c! Df51.3134p, ~d! Df 50.9928p, ~e! Df50.6710p, and ~f! Df50.3425p, when K 5531024 andv251.0. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-space-distributions-of-chemical-abundances-in-milky-3wei4hqtx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mass-accretion-histories-expressed-as-the-stellar-6w17wdvs.png Fig. 4.—Mass accretion histories expressed as the stellar fraction f of the inner (r < 50 kpc) halo vs. the stellarmassM of the contributing satellites. The top panel corresponds to halo H5, a metal-poor halo with ½Fe/ H h i ’ 1:3, and the bottom panel corresponds to halo H4, a metal-rich halo with ½Fe/H h i ’ 0:9. Circles show individual contributions of satellites to the stellar fraction, and dashed lines show their cumulative contribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-look-back-time-of-accretion-of-the-most-massive-1fs8cyzu.png Fig. 3.—Look-back time of accretion of the most massive satellites (calculated as the average taccr of those satellites that contribute 10% to the total mass of the stellar halo) vs. stellar mass of the inner halo,M (50 kpc). Stars correspond to themost metal-rich halos, triangles correspond to halos of intermediate [Fe/H], and circles correspond to those of lowest [Fe/H] in our sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mass-weighted-fe-h-and-fe-average-values-vs-stellar-2y4xvh2m.png Fig. 2.—Mass-weighted [Fe/H] and [ / Fe] average values vs. stellar mass for halos H1–H11. Averages are calculated within r < 50 kpc, a cutoff value that approximates the inner few tens of kiloparsecs currently probed by observations. The dashed line in the top panel corresponds to the ½Fe/H M 2/5 fit of Dekel &Woo (2003). Error bars represent weight-averaged 25% and 75% values of the absolute spread in abundance ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-thev-band-surface-brightnessmaps-for-halos-h1-h2-h3-2q8j2q0h.png Fig. 11.—TheV-band surface brightnessmaps for halos H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H7, H8, andH10 (top left to bottom right). Left subpanels show the surface brightness map of all stars, and right subpanels show the corresponding surface brightness of stars with ½ /Fe < 0:05. All maps span 300 kpc on a side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-radial-distributions-of-fe-h-left-and-fe-right-for-1d4tp145.png Fig. 5.—Radial distributions of [Fe/H] (left) and [ /Fe] (right) for halos H1– H5 (top to bottom). The chemical abundances are weighted averages in radial shells of width dr ¼ 10 kpc. Error bars represent weight-averaged 25% and 75% values of the absolute spread in abundance ratios within each radial bin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-5-but-for-halos-h6-h11-top-to-bottom-11x4i1u3.png Fig. 6.—Same as Fig. 5, but for halos H6–H11 (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radial-distributions-of-look-back-accretion-times-left-3qivmvf3.png Fig. 7.—Radial distributions of look-back accretion times (left) and ages of stellar populations (right) for halos H1–H11 (top to bottom). The abundance ratios are weighted averages within radial bins of 10 kpc. Error bars represent weight-averaged 25% and 75% values of the absolute spread in abundance ratios in each radial bin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-of-stars-in-halo-h1-ine-lz-left-and-in-e-2r8z6sb8.png Fig. 10.—Distribution of stars in halo H1 inE-Lz (left) and in E-L (right). The bottom row shows all stars, while the remaining three rows correspond to different [ /Fe] ranges. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-space-tomography-reconstruction-of-the-wigner-wwsp8udenz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wd-of-the-h4-x-mode-reconstructed-from-n-3a66j860.png Fig. 6. WD of the H4 x mode reconstructed from N= https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wd-of-the-h3-y-mode-reconstructed-from-n-2vaib5ql.png Fig. 7. WD of the H3 y mode reconstructed from N= https://scispace.com/papers/phenolic-and-microbial-targeted-metabolomics-to-discovering-3lot7o1cxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spearmans-correlations-between-fasting-plasma-and-24-n0j25o5k.png Table 5. Spearman’s correlations between fasting plasma and 24-h urine samples for individual, phenolic metabolite groups and the prediction model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-urinary-concentrations-of-phenolic-metabolites-in-36-dymmnryt.png Table 1. Urinary concentrations of phenolic metabolites in 36 subjects at baseline and after the three intervention periods.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-threshold-cut-off-sensitivity-specificity-auc-and-1k6aoj8p.png Table 4. Threshold (cut-off), sensitivity, specificity, AUC and confidence interval of phenolic metabolite group biomarkers and the prediction model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-urine-and-plasma-metabolites-in-hydrolyzed-and-non-22jtljxi.png Table 3. Urine and plasma metabolites in hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed samples selected by the stepwise logistic regression model for discriminating wine consumers obtained from the training set https://scispace.com/papers/phenological-versus-meteorological-controls-on-land-2oe9z0mdu5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-monthly-lai-from-the-avhrr-global-data-set-adjusted-8t9cwg2v.png Figure 4. Monthly LAI from the AVHRR global data set (adjusted using MODIS data) for 1982–1998 data at the four sites: (a) northeast U.S. site, (b) southern U.S. site, (c) western U.S. site, and (d) far west U. S. site. Mean monthly values are shown by the blue line, while individual year monthly values are shown with the gray lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-box-plots-of-gross-primary-productivity-for-the-lai-kunr9yld.png Figure 9. Box plots of gross primary productivity for the LAI and meteorological experiments: (a) annual values, (b) timing of the cumulative 50% of the annual flux, (c) maximum pentad flux, and (d) timing of the maximum (pentad) flux. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-soil-textures-fractions-for-two-soil-depths-0-30-and-184f7qca.png Table 2. Soil Textures Fractions for Two Soil Depths (0–30 and 0–150 cm) at the Four Sites Based on ISLSCP II Soil Dataa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-diagram-of-the-experimental-setup-to-10rhocxx.png Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup to assess the relative control of leaf area index and meteorological variables on terrestrial carbon and water fluxes for the four experimental sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-model-predicted-and-level-2-observed-3knyatc8.png Figure 8. Comparison of model-predicted and level 2 observed sensible heat fluxes (10 day averages) at the three AmeriFlux sites. Error bars represent the estimated (random and systematic) uncertainties associated with the observations. Model data are represented by a line with squares; observations are represented by stars. Note that for Harvard Forest, net radiation observations were not available for 2002, so these uncertainties were not estimated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-standard-deviation-of-actual-lai-and-1rskiaqa.png Figure 12. Standard deviation of actual LAI and meteorological forcings (sX,actual) compared with the standard deviation of all simulations (sX,all) for GPP, ET, and transpiration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-site-locations-for-our-experimental-analyses-plus-nfgxq292.png Figure 1. Site locations for our experimental analyses plus the three AmeriFlux sites for model validation. The experimental sites are 1 by 1 grid cells located in the northeast United States (41.5 N, 74.5 W), southern United States (35.5 N, 89.5 W), western United States (39.5 N, 106.5 W), and far west United States (33.5 N, 114.5 W). The AmeriFlux sites include Harvard Forest (HF; 42.54 N, 72.17 W), Bondville (B; 40.01 N, 88.29 W), and Niwot Ridge (NR; 40.03 N, 105.55 W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-box-plots-of-transpiration-for-the-lai-and-3h3u6u1p.png Figure 11. Box plots of transpiration for the LAI and meteorological experiments: (a) annual values, (b) timing of the cumulative 50% of the annual flux, (c) maximum pentad flux, and (d) timing of the maximum (pentad) flux. https://scispace.com/papers/phenomenological-model-of-nonequilibrium-solidification-4drtw9pe7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependency-of-the-relative-error-of-approximations-of-3mec4eix.png Fig. 3. Dependency of the relative error of approximations of the experimental values of rate υexp (a) and the curvature radius of dendrite tip ρexp (b) on the dimensionless supercooling ∆. The approximations are made using the model (10), and (11), and the model υ ∝ ∆n and ρ ∝ ∆−n/2 (n = 2.65). The model coefficients were found using MATLAB software (curve fitting toolbox) taking into account all the available experimental values. The error for terrestrial conditions is shown in the graph and the error for microgravity conditions is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependency-of-the-growth-rate-of-dendrite-tip-u-on-the-1c007a7s.png Fig. 2. Dependency of the growth rate of dendrite tip υ on the dimensionless supercooling ∆. Experimental data is shown by the circles: empty, for microgravity, filled, for terrestrial conditions. The approximations (11) for microgravity conditions (c = 11.5 ± 1.2, d = 2500 ± 250) and for terrestrial conditions (c = 26.0 ± 2.6, d = −300.0 ± 30.0) are shown by the solid and dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependency-of-the-curvature-radius-of-dendrite-tip-r-18y1jrko.png Fig. 1. Dependency of the curvature radius of dendrite tip ρ on the dimensionless supercooling ∆. Experimental data is shown by the circles: empty, for microgravity; filled, for terrestrial conditions. The approximations (10) for microgravity conditions (a = (4.4± 0.4) · 10−8 , b = (1.0± 0.1) · 10−7) and for terrestrial conditions (a = (3.2 ± 0.3) · 10−8 , b = (1.9 ± 0.2) · 10−6) are shown by the solid and dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/phonological-vocoding-using-artificial-neural-networks-299lxgvp7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-accuracies-of-the-french-phonological-ky8u00ih.png Table 2: Classification accuracies (%) of the French phonological encoders at a frame level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-phonological-posteriors-pruning-and-w3uac4qt.png Figure 2: Impact of phonological posteriors pruning and quantization on speech coding degradation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-transmission-rate-of-different-c3h0vvaw.png Figure 3: Estimated transmission rate of different quantization schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recordings-demonstrating-vocoder-performance-of-3hreyz6j.png Table 3: Recordings demonstrating vocoder performance of encoded French testing sentence, using different pruning and quantization schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-phonological-vocoder-split-into-a-encoder-and-b-2hhk0nqa.png Figure 1: The phonological vocoder split into (a) encoder and (b) decoder. The encoder runs individual phonological encoders and merges phonological posteriors. The decoder generates speech spectra lines LSPs and source parameters and re-synthesise the speech. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-french-phonological-features-and-their-association-pr3u0lro.png Table 1: French phonological features and their association to phonemes used in this paper, grouped into an organ, place and manner of articulation, and the others. https://scispace.com/papers/phospha-fischer-carbenes-synthesis-structure-bonding-and-2asnqk0cx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stacked-31p-1h-nmr-spectra-for-nhpmes-pd-pph3-2-otf-3t8ddgp2.png Figure 1. Stacked 31P{1H} NMR spectra for [(NHPMes)Pd(PPh3)2]OTf (2, bottom) and [(NHPMes)Pd(PMe3)3]OTf (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-important-bonding-mos-in-nhpmes-pd-pph3-2-2-and-2zcmf5rc.png Figure 3. Important bonding MOs in [(NHPMes)Pd(PPh3)2] + (2) and (NHCMes)Pd(PPh3)2 (7). In all cases the coordination plane of the metal is oriented parallel to the page. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calculated-representation-of-the-lumo-of-1-showing-10cw8wdd.png Figure 4. Calculated representation of the LUMO of 1 showing localization predominantly at the NHP P-atom. The metal coordination plane is approximately parallel to the page, and that of the NHP ligand is perpendicular to it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-representation-of-the-molecular-structure-of-3qd9flkd.png Figure 2. ORTEP representation of the molecular structure of the cation of 1. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at 30% probability. H-atoms, TfO counterion and all but the ipso-C- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-energy-decomposition-analyses-kj-mol-1-of-3uedwmvt.png Table 1. Results of energy decomposition analyses (kJ mol–1) of 14 and 69. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphonate-monolayers-on-inassb-and-gasb-surfaces-for-mid-4xxsvo0fr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surface-elements-concentration-in-percent-for-the-ewf1qkjv.png Table 2: Surface elements concentration in percent for the InAsSb and GaSb surfaces treated by process I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-on-a-inassb-2rkm8jhb.png Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on (a) InAsSb-surfaces and (b) GaSb-surfaces stored at ambient conditions for 4 weeks after completion of the grafting process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-a-sketch-of-the-grating-fabrication-process-b-on-11nve01t.png Figure 7 : (a) A sketch of the grating fabrication process. (b) On top, the reference spectra of FDPA and EGPA on mirror surfaces are shown. On the bottom, the ratio before/after treatment is shown for the dummy treated grating (solid red curve), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-on-inassb-surfaces-2r3dvhwn.png Figure 3: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on InAsSb-surfaces stored at ambient conditions for 4 weeks after completion of the grafting process. The detailed spectra of Sb 3d, In 3d, C 1s and As 3d indicate a clear increase of surface oxide components and significant spectral signatures of the respectively adsorbed molecules as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-the-spectra-of-the-fdpa-treated-surface-top-is-15h5t5tu.png Figure 6 : (a) The spectra of the FDPA treated surface (top) is compared with its bulk powder spectra (bottom). (b) The spectra of the EGPA treated surface (top) is compared with its bulk liquid spectra (bottom). In the inset, a representation of the molecule is shown. The vertical dashed lines indicate spectral positions of interest. The colored dashed lines are the spectra for either the InAsSb or the GaSb surface. The black solid line is the average value of the spectra obtained on InAsSb and GaSb surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-on-gasb-surfaces-95hjz652.png Figure 4: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on GaSb-surfaces stored at ambient conditions for 4 weeks after completion of the grafting process. The detailed spectra of Sb 3d, C 1s and Ga 3d indicate a clear increase of surface oxide components and significant spectral signatures of the respectively adsorbed molecules as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contact-angle-measurements-of-iii-v-surfaces-treated-keuasnmb.png Table 1: Contact angle measurements of III-V surfaces treated by process I. Values are reported for surfaces modified by phosphonic acid with hydrophobic (FDPA) and hydrophilic (EGPA) terminated groups, for surfaces modified by O2-plasma and ethanol treatment (dummy) and for non-treated reference surfaces immediately after the surface treatment ( ) and three month later. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-solid-line-shows-reflectance-of-highly-doped-1j7weycp.png Figure 5: The solid line shows reflectance of highly-doped semiconductor InAsSb-surface and the dashed line shows the reflectance of a GaSb-surface. The illustrations sketch the measurement configuration and the investigated layer structures. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorus-doped-porous-carbons-as-efficient-15it1hvkwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tafel-plots-of-c-co-c-p-c-p-co-c-and-commercial-pt-c-3196wph0.png Fig. 8 Tafel plots of C, Co–C, P–C, P(Co)–C and commercial Pt/C derived by the mass transport correction of corresponding LSV data recorded in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a sweeping rate of 10 mV s 1 and a rotating speed of 1600 rpm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-current-density-as-a-function-of-cycle-number-for-p-19c0iumb.png Fig. 10 Current density as a function of cycle number for P(Co)–C and commercial Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating speed of 1600 rpm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-c-co-c-p-c-and-p-co-c-bragg-peaks-2mkl78ld.png Fig. 1 XRD patterns of C, Co–C, P–C and P(Co)–C. Bragg peaks positions for the phase Co in Co–C have been indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-d-band-and-g-band-in-raman-spectroscopy-for-c-co-c-2aq4z9p8.png Fig. 2 The D-band and G-band in Raman spectroscopy for C, Co–C, P–C and P(Co)–C. The ratio of D-band to G-band (ID/IG) is indicated for each sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bet-surface-area-total-micropore-volume-and-average-3dxkozdt.png Table 1 BET surface area, total micropore volume and average pore size of the samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cyclic-voltammograms-of-c-co-c-p-c-and-p-co-c-bcebb93q.png Fig. 6 Cyclic voltammograms of C, Co–C, P–C and P(Co)–C. Experiments were conducted in Ar-saturated 0.1 M KOH at 298 K with a sweep rate of 10 mV s 1. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorus-fluxes-to-the-environment-from-mains-water-3ubux3sqw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-sources-used-to-derive-daily-time-series-of-mwl-3g9wx1al.png Table 1 Data sources used to derive daily time series of MWL-P, WWT-P and riverine P fluxes for 2001 - 2011. 202 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-black-and-modelled-riverine-p-fluxes-for-j9ezz2zs.png Figure 6: Observed (black) and modelled riverine P fluxes for the export of the Thames catchment using the MLR model 469 considering WWT-P only (blue) and WWT-P and MWL-P (red) 470 471 472 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-observed-and-modelled-riverine-p-fluxes-for-linear-35kn74i3.png Figure 7 Observed and modelled riverine P fluxes for linear model considering WWT-P and MWL-P (a) and WWT-P only 474 (b) 475 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-riverine-p-flux-time-series-for-winter-months-for-1zpfhda6.png Figure 8 Riverine P flux time series for winter months for 2005/06 (a) to 2010/12 (f) 478 479 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observed-phosphate-concentrations-mg-p-l-in-the-2shuyfmj.png Figure 4 Observed phosphate concentrations (mg P/L) in the River Thames at Teddington and mean concentrations 419 (dashed line) before and after the change point (a) and concentration-flow relationships for each of these periods (b). 420 421 422 3.4.2 Comparison of MWL-P, WWT-P and riverine P fluxes 423 424 Figure 5 shows the ratio of MWL-P and WWT-P fluxes (“MWL-P/WWT-P”) and their relationship with 425 P flux in the River Thames at Teddington. From 2005 to 2011 there is a significant trend in MWL-426 P/WWT-P (Mann-Kendall trend test, p < 0.001). The ratio of MWL-P to WWT-P increases from from 427 7-10 in 2005 to 15% in 2011. This is due to two factors: (1) an increase in the extent of mains water 428 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimates-of-p-dosing-concentrations-a-and-extents-1fyeftrd.png Figure 2: Estimates of P dosing concentrations (a) and extents (b) for 2001 – 2011, daily leakage rates reported by Cocks 360 and Oakes (2011) (c), and the derived MWL-P flux (d) 361 362 363 364 3.2 WWT-P flux estimation 365 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-wwt-flows-a-mean-daily-p-concentrations-and-13do6cdk.png Figure 3 Total WWT flows (a), mean daily P concentrations and number of samples (b) and the derived WWT-P flux and 381 rainfall time series for Oxford (c) 382 383 3.3 Flux comparison 384 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-future-mwl-p-and-wwt-p-loadings-493-494-2yqw6lp3.png Table 3 Future MWL-P and WWT-P loadings 493 494 https://scispace.com/papers/photo-induced-collisions-with-laser-cooled-he-atoms-wsgl37sbwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lowering-of-the-centrifugal-barrier-in-the-excited-2a7et1j0.png Fig. 1. Lowering of the centrifugal barrier in the excited state for the He*-He* system. The ground state S-S potential scales as 1/R6 and has a centrifugal barrier, which is already for = 1 too high to overcome. The excited state S-P potential scales as 1/R3, which for a temperature of 1 mK allows 12 partial waves to reach short internuclear distances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-frequency-dependence-of-the-he-2-ion-yield-the-33r7u71y.png Fig. 8. The frequency dependence of the He+2 ion yield. The solid line represents the our semi-classical model calculation and the dashed lined is predictions of a modified JV-model. Both are in very good agreement with the absolute rate measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-quasi-molecule-formed-by-two-metastable-atoms-in-bns5fv66.png Fig. 2. The quasi molecule formed by two metastable atoms in the S-S ground state is excited to the S-P state at the Condon point Rc, where the laser frequency equals the dipole-dipole interactions energy. If the laser detuning is negative, as shown in figure, the molecular S-P complex is accelerated towards small internuclear distances where ionization reactions may take place, indicated by the shaded box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detailed-picture-of-the-optical-setup-used-for-21ky20sq.png Fig. 4. Detailed picture of the optical setup used for trapping and slowing. Two diode laser systems are used, one for initial slowing of the atoms and the second for trapping of the atoms. A mass spectrometer and a microchannel plate is mounted close to the MOT center for diagnostics of the cold atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-view-of-the-experimental-setup-from-above-a-1bwkvc9i.png Fig. 3. Schematic view of the experimental setup from above. A beam of metastable atoms is produced in a DC discharge. After being decelerated in a Zeeman slower by a counter propagating laser beam the atoms are loaded into a magneto-optical trap. Here the atoms are further cooled and studied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-of-flight-distribution-of-cold-metastable-atoms-l8lpetcg.png Fig. 5. Time of flight distribution of cold metastable atoms after being released from the MOT. The temperature is found to be about 1mK which corresponds to a mean velocity of 2 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ion-mass-spectra-from-the-mot-the-he-and-he-2-peaks-14u58j5q.png Fig. 6. Ion mass spectra from the MOT. The He+ and He+2 peaks are produced in collisions between cold metastable atoms in the MOT. The H2O + is produced in Penning ionization with water molecules on trapped He* atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-optical-modulation-of-the-he-2-ion-yield-the-laser-is-1wsfyur6.png Fig. 7. Optical modulation of the He+2 ion yield. The laser is first detuned far below resonance, then ramped to resonance and finally returned to the normal trapping frequency. Notice the dramatic effect when the laser is shifted off resonance and only atoms in the ground state is present. Close to the He(23S1)- He(2 3P2) resonance a fraction of the cold atoms are in the excited state enhancing the ion production significantly. https://scispace.com/papers/photo-responsive-polymeric-structures-based-on-spiropyran-l0epzmpxif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-polymers-containing-spiropyran-101g1202.png Table 1. Polymers containing spiropyran. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-showing-the-selectivity-of-the-binding-of-1ucgy5mg.png Table 2. Table showing the selectivity of the binding of spiropyran polymer in different binary metal ion solutions. Reproduced with permission from ref. [50] Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-image-of-t-e-hoto-responsive-poly-sp-thin-films-213nbw05.png Figure 1. SEM image of t e hoto-responsive poly (SP) thin films on roughly etched silicon substrates. Reproduced with permission from ref [63]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-ionogel-micro-fluidic-valves-a-micro-qsgfoxpd.png Figure 3. Performance of ionogel micro-fluidic valves: (a) micro-valves closed; the applied vacuum is unable to pull the dyes through the micro-channels. White light is applied for the time specified in each picture (b). ‘No I.L.’ valve is first to actuate followed by ionogels incorporating [dca]- (c), [tos]- (d), [dbsa]- (e), [NTf2]- (f), all valves are open. Numbers and arrows indicate when the channel is filled with the dye because of micro- valve actuation[66]. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-thickness-of-a-sp-3hkpddp9.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the thickness of a (SP-MA-co-MMA) grafted layer. The shrinked grafted chains open pores to increase permeation, and extended chains cover pores to decrease permeation. Reproduced with permission from ref. [15] Copyright (1998) American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uv-vis-spectroscopy-of-photochromic-paa-in-30cti4nx.png Figure 1. SEM image of t e hoto-responsive poly (SP) thin films on roughly etched silicon substrates. Reproduced with permission from ref [63]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorbance-spectra-of-sp-polymer-layers-table-1-no-bayyidp6.png Figure 5. Absorbance spectra of SP-polymer layers (Table 1 – No. 2) in the presence of different metal ions. Reproduced with permission from ref. [50] Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/papers/photocatalysis-hi-time-for-perovskites-hit7r3bbcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photocatalytic-generation-of-h2-from-hydriodic-acid-12iimpek.png Figure 1. Photocatalytic generation of H2 from hydriodic acid using methylammonium lead iodide. The MAPbI3 perovskite particles absorb light via band-gap excitation; the resulting electrons and holes drive proton reduction to dihydrogen and iodide oxidation to triioidide, respectively. Simultaneously, the perovskite particle dynamically-exchanges ions with the aqueous electrolyte, which is saturated with respect to those ions. https://scispace.com/papers/photodissociation-of-2-bromoethanol-and-2-chloroethanol-at-59kjzgp1i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tof-spectra-of-br-atoms-from-reaction-4-at-20deg-and-3ac69cps.png Fig. 1. TOF spectra of Br atoms from reaction (4) at 20° and 50° from the molecular beam. The scattered circles https://scispace.com/papers/photoelectrochemical-water-splitting-silicon-photocathodes-grzkeak1e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-ni-and-pt-nanoparticles-on-planar-si-1vcc3eoh.png Figure 6. Comparison of Ni and Pt nanoparticles on planar Si photocathodes in pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. All samples were illuminated with 100 mW cm-2 ELH illumination and the system was continuously purged with H2. The black curve is bare p-Si, the yellow curve is a Pt disk, the blue curve is Pt nanoparticles on p-Si, and the red curve is Ni nanoparticles on p-Si. Both the Ni- and Pt-decorated electrodes passed cathodic currents at potentials positive of the thermodynamic hydrogen potential in the solution (indicated by dashed line) meaning . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-proposed-artificial-photosynthesis-32go2tt6.png Figure 1. Schematic of the proposed artificial photosynthesis water splitting device. The photoanode (top) consists of a metal oxide semiconductor material decorated with oxygen evolving catalysts and absorbs short wavelength light. The photocathode (bottom) will consist of Si microwires decorated with a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. The two semiconductors are electrically connected and separated in a proton conductive membrane that separates the gas products but allows ions to pass to balance the chemical reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-a-planar-a-and-radial-b-si-ux7xmt54.png Figure 3. Comparison of a planar (a) and radial (b) Si photoconversion system. In the former, the minority-carrier diffusion length must scale with the absorption length of a photon, to capture the photogenerated carrier before it recombines. In a radial geometry, these two phenomena are decoupled, and any photogenerated carrier that can traverse the radius of the wire will be collected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-energetics-of-p-si-a-before-equilibration-with-2l9i0ljx.png Figure 2. Band energetics of p-Si (a) before equilibration with solution, (b) after equilibration and under illumination. The equilibration of the semiconductor Fermi level (EF) with the solution potential (E(H+/H2) creates an electric field at the interface, which separates photogenerated charges and allows them to do electrochemical work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sem-image-of-si-microwires-b-current-density-vs-39mfiuz4.png Figure 4. (a) SEM image of Si microwires, (b) Current density vs. potential data for a representative Si microwire array in MV2+/+ (Esol = -0.60 V vs a saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) at a variety of illumination intensities, (c) Angle dependent external quantum yield data. The data in (b) were taken at (θ, φ = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-image-of-wires-with-metal-nanoparticle-22sf15bs.png Figure 5. SEM image of wires with metal nanoparticle catalysts, (a) Pt on Si microwires. (b) Ni on Si microwires. https://scispace.com/papers/photoemission-from-the-001-surface-of-1t-tise2-comparison-of-1oguy7dl3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crystal-structure-of-1t-tise2-open-circles-mark-the-kljdex18.png FIG. 2. Crystal structure of 1T-TiSe2. Open circles mark the positions of the selenium atoms and solid circles denote the titanium atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-left-section-and-experimental-right-section-374g53d6.png FIG. 4. Calculated (left section) and experimental (right section) I A photoemission spectra for various wavelengths A, of the incident uv light (angle of incidence /=33, no correction of the vector potential A, g=0.2 eV). The maxima A —D are discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-the-surface-on-the-photoemission-spectra-ptqmrd7h.png FIG. 5. Influence of the surface on the photoemission spectra (parameter /=33', g=o. 1 eV). Solid line: results calculated with 9' replaced by 9' ', i.e., the change of the valence states near the surface is neglected. Dashed line: results calculated with the full theory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-division-of-space-in-subdomains-which-is-used-for-the-2u03871r.png FIG. 3. Division of space in subdomains which is used for the construction of the muSn-tin potential. The function gl centered at v+c overlaps with neighboring muSn-tin spheres (w)0(, ). X Y&. .(Q(r c r—r—„))—. (29} The calculation of the expansion coefficients y'i'i (r) is https://scispace.com/papers/photoexcited-charge-carrier-dynamics-in-sb-2-se-3-100-bpi78nnxt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-crystal-structure-of-sb2se3-with-the-cleavage-plane-1udio9bo.png FIG. 1. (a) Crystal structure of Sb2Se3 with the cleavage plane (orange dashed line) and the orthorhombic unit cell marked. The ribbons run along b and are shown in cross-sectional view. Sb atoms are colored in brown and Se atoms in green. (b) Brillouin zone of Sb2Se3 with the directions along ribbons (ŴY ) and across ribbons (ŴZ) indicated. (c) Light microscope image of the Sb2Se3 sample (brightness and contrast processed). a denotes the surface normal, b the direction along, and c across the ribbons. (d) Schematic energy level diagram of Sb2Se3 and principle of tr-2PPE. By absorption of a pump photon electrons are excited from the VB to the CB. The excited electrons are emitted by absorption of a probe photon and can be detected according to energy and momentum. By applying a defined time delay between excitation and emission, the relaxation processes can be investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-energy-distribution-integrated-from-0-0-10-a-1-in-wy-1ne49ktf.png FIG. 3. (a) Energy distribution integrated from 0–0.10 Å−1 in ŴY direction. (b) Spectra taken at selected time delays integrated from 0–0.10 Å−1 in ŴY direction (red and pink dotted lines) and in ŴZ direction (blue symbols). The spectra along ŴZ were multiplied by a factor of 4.5. (c) Nonintegrated spectra taken after 3 ps at 0.10 Å−1 from Ŵ towards Y at the local CBM (blue dots) and towards Z at the global CBM (pink circles). Gaussian fits are superimposed to the measured data (black lines). [(d)–(f)] Intensities at selected energies Ei integrated in the range of Ei ± 0.1 eV and in momentum from 0–0.10 Å−1 as a function of the time delay. Fit results according to rate equations are superimposed (black dashed). The data were normalized to the maximum intensity. The time-dependent population in the local conduction band minimum along ŴY and the global conduction band minimum along ŴZ are compared in (d) on a longer and in (e) on a short timescale. In (e), the trace due to scattering from energetically higher states into the CBM is superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-valence-band-spectra-along-wz-dark-blue-crosses-and-18cyrpj5.png FIG. 2. (a) Valence band spectra along ŴZ (dark-blue crosses) and ŴY (light-green dots) measured with the HHG light source and using a photon energy of 15.5 eV. A bias voltage of−5 Vwas applied to the sample with respect to the analyzer. The spectra are integrated from 0–0.35 Å−1 along the corresponding symmetry directions. The inset shows a detailed view on the valence band onsets. The energy positions of the onsets are indicated by linear fits. The electric field vector of the light was aligned along the ribbons for the ŴY direction and perpendicular to ribbons for the ŴZ direction. (b) First-principles calculations of the band structure of Sb2Se3 along ŴY (parallel to the ribbons) and ŴZ (perpendicular to the ribbons). The regions where the valence band spectra in (a) were taken are marked as colored boxes. Besides, the regions where the conduction band dynamics is analyzed are marked as dashed boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-energy-and-momentum-distributions-of-photoexcited-1ukmxj59.png FIG. 4. (a) Energy and momentum distributions of photoexcited electrons in the conduction bands along ŴY and ŴZ at the moment of excitation, after (b) 0.4 and (c) 5 ps. The differences in the relative intensities are due to transition matrix element effects. The calculated band structure is superimposed for each time step. The symbols in (b) and (c) show the pathway of decaying electrons. (d) Normalized transient electron population on a short and (e) on a longer timescale taken at the energy and momentum positions marked in (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/papers/photoionization-and-photosensitized-electron-transfer-174layvbk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bimolecular-rate-constants-for-reaction-of-coumarin-5h7jv3rb.png TABLE 1: Bimolecular Rate Constants for Reaction of Coumarin and Psoralen Donors with Triplet Chloranil and λmax Values for the Respective Radical Cations in Acetonitrile https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oxidation-potentials-acetonitrile-fluorescence-u3qdhmb8.png TABLE 2: Oxidation Potentials (Acetonitrile), Fluorescence Maxima, Quantum Yields and Lifetimes (Aqueous Buffer), and Photoionization Yields (Aqueous Buffer) for Psoralens and Coumarins at Room Temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transient-absorption-spectra-obtained-via-direct-2yg8n99u.png Figure 3. Transient absorption spectra obtained via direct excitation at 355 nm of oxygen-saturated aqueous phosphate buffer (pH ) 7.0) containing: (a) 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (OD355 ) 0.4) at delays of 1.4 µs (O), 3.4 µs (b), 13 µs (4), and 35 µs (2) after the laser pulse; (b) 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (OD355 ) 0.4) at delays of 1.0 µs (O), 3.8 µs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transient-absorption-spectra-obtained-via-direct-3vv2mzbu.png Figure 1. Transient absorption spectra obtained via direct excitation at 420 nm of nitrogen-saturated acetonitrile containing chloranil (OD420 ) 0.5) and: (a) 4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen (5.6 × 10-3 M) at delays of 280 ns (O), 680 ns (b), 2.1 µs (4), and 6.8 µs (2) after the laser pulse; (b) 7-methoxycoumarin (5.5 × 10-3 M) at delays of 280 ns (O), 760 ns (b), 2.1 µs (4), and 6.8 µs (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-transient-absorption-spectra-obtained-via-direct-3p7o7159.png Figure 2. (a) Transient absorption spectra obtained via direct excitation at 420 nm of nitrogen-saturated acetonitrile containing chloranil and 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (5.6 × 10-3 M) at delays of 720 ns (O), 1.5 µs (b), 6.3 µs (4), and 14 µs (2) after the laser pulse. (b) Transient absorption spectra obtained via direct excitation at 355 nm of nitrogensaturated acetonitrile containing 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (OD355 ) 0.4) at delays of 1.8 µs (O), 7.0 µs (b), 16 µs (4), and 35 µs (2) after the laser pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/photoluminescence-properties-of-aln-homoepilayers-with-3m4hdk7jig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-low-temperature-10-k-pl-spectra-of-c-aln-c-al2o3-a-aln-2tjyomlg.png FIG. 3. Low temperature 10 K PL spectra of c-AlN /c-Al2O3, a-AlN /r-Al2O3 and a-plane AlN homoepilayers measured in a a wide spectral range from 2 to 6.2 eV and b narrow spectral range from 5.8 to 6.2 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-pl-emission-properties-of-a-plane-c-34dl96is.png TABLE I. Comparison of PL emission properties of a-plane, c-plane, and m-plane AlN homoepilayers, c-AlN /c-Al2O3, and a-AlN /r-Al2O3 heteroepilayers including emission peak position Ep , peak intensity Ip , full width at half maximum FWHM , and binding energy E0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arrhenious-plot-of-the-pl-intensity-ln-iemi-vs-1-t-of-37x91f8y.png FIG. 2. Arrhenious plot of the PL intensity Ln Iemi vs 1 /T of FX transition 6.025 eV at 10 K for an a-plane AlN homoepilayer. The solid line is the least squares fit of data with Eq. 1 . The inset shows the temperature evolution of the band-edge emission between 100 and 300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-low-temperature-10-k-pl-spectra-of-c-plane-a-plane-and-3oa5um0p.png FIG. 1. Low temperature 10 K PL spectra of c-plane, a-plane, and m-plane AlN homoepilayers measured in a a wide spectral range from 2 to 6.2 eV and b narrow spectral range from 5.8 to 6.2 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/photoionization-cross-sections-of-rovibrational-levels-of-31i00bzqfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inverse-of-the-ionization-probability-p-1-a-function-1quvbyil.png FIG. 1. Inverse of the ionization probability (P- 1) a function of the inverse of the ionizing pulse energy. The X-B excitation is through the v0 = Q.--.v1 = 3 J0 = 1--.J, = 0 line. (-) density matrix solution, (-- -) rate equation solution. Uniform spatial and temporal profiles are assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-l-airy-function-spatial-profile-no-jitter-27ki43wx.png FIG. 3. Same as Fig. l. (-) Airy function spatial profile no jitter, (- - -) uniform spatial profile no jitter, (---) Airy function spatial profile + 1.0 ns jitter, (-- --) Airy function spatial profile, - 1.0 ns jitter. Gaussian temporal profiles are assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-gaussian-temporal-profile-no-jitter-4jbvq8vs.png FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1. (-) Gaussian temporal profile, no jitter; (-- -) uniform temporal profile, no jitter; (- --) Gaussian temporal profile, + l.Onsjitter; (----)Gaussian temporal profile, - l.Onsjitter. Uniform spatial profiles are assumed. https://scispace.com/papers/photomodplus-a-webserver-for-photosynthetic-protein-30jpvjcehk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photomodgo-multi-label-classification-performance-of-2zfg2yuu.png Fig 5. PhotoModGO/multi-label classification performance of photosynthesis functions via 5 replications of nested 5x3 fold-cross validation. The unique sequence dataset with� 50% identity (diverse dataset) is represented by a black bar, while the dataset with� 70% identity (easy dataset) is represented by a white bar. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences, based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (�,0.01<p<0.05; ���, p<0.00001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-function-prediction-of-photosynthetic-protein-sll0272-2xzoaqbx.png Fig 3. Function prediction of photosynthetic protein sll0272 using PhotoModGO in the PhotoModPlus web server. (A) The submission page of the PhotoModPlus web server. Users can submit the input sequence in FASTA format and modify BLAST parameters for matching the query to the sequences in the database. (B) The prediction output from the PhotoMod indicating a high chance of protein sll0272 being involved in photosynthesis (C) The PhotoModGO prediction output indicating the involvement of sll0272 with the photosystem II and regulation of photosynthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-workflow-of-the-photomodplus-web-server-for-the-37kd38fx.png Fig 1. Workflow of the PhotoModPlus web server for the identification of photosynthetic proteins and related functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-identification-of-potential-photosynthetic-genes-in-13tibh23.png Table 3. Identification of potential photosynthetic genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 genome using PhotoModPlus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-photomodgnn-output-for-sll0272-from-the-wgqczmdr.png Fig 4. Example of PhotoModGNN output for sll0272 from the PhotoModPlus web server. (A) The hexagonal node represents the sll0272 protein cluster, while the circular node represents the protein cluster of the neighboring gene. The size of the node is calculated according to the Phylo score (genome neighborhood conservation score), while the number label indicates a protein cluster ID. The GNN is displayed with an E-value of 1E-10. (B) The list of enriched GO terms among the group of the genome neighborhoods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-functional-prediction-of-novel-photosynthetic-juptcilo.png Table 2. Functional prediction of novel photosynthetic proteins using PhotoModGO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-comparison-of-photomodgo-and-the-y8wjlko1.png Table 1. Performance comparison of PhotoModGO and the baseline methods, DeepGOPlus and BLAST, using five replications of nested 5x3-fold cross validation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-photomodgo-development-as-described-s9r3x9me.png Fig 2. Overview of PhotoModGO development. As described earlier, the multi-label model of PhotoModGO was developed by employing feature selection using the RF-ML method before training the random forest classifier embedded in the RAkEL (RAndom k labELsets) algorithm. The right panel shows the graphical representation for each step. https://scispace.com/papers/photometry-and-spectroscopy-of-11-g-doradus-stars-14m3z1ci18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-radial-velocities-xxpylj1c.png TABLE 2 Individual Radial Velocities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-johnson-b-photometric-data-for-hd-40745-phased-with-2nej43zh.png Fig. 8.—Johnson B photometric data for HD 40745, phased with the four frequencies and times of minimum from Table 5. Top to bottom: Frequencies are 1.2132, 0.7361, 0.5377, and 2.1820 day 1. For each panel, the data set has been prewhitened to remove the other three known frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-johnson-b-photometric-data-for-hd-41448-phased-with-1ry0ijlc.png Fig. 10.—Johnson B photometric data for HD 41448, phased with the five frequencies and times of minimum from Table 5. Top to bottom: Frequencies are 2.3814, 2.4712, 2.5822, 2.3419, and 2.1629 day 1. For each panel, the data set has been prewhitened to remove the other four known frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-least-squares-spectra-of-thehd41448-johnsonb-data-set-xwn2jpbf.png Fig. 9.—Least-squares spectra of theHD41448 JohnsonB data set, showing the results of progressively fixing the five detected frequencies. The arrows indicate the five frequencies (top to bottom) 2.3814, 2.4712, 2.5822, 2.3419, and 2.1629 day 1. All five frequencies were confirmed in the Johnson V data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-least-squares-spectra-of-the-hd-187615-johnson-b-data-1lrhagtz.png Fig. 21.—Least-squares spectra of the HD 187615 Johnson B data set, showing the results of progressively fixing the three detected frequencies. The arrows indicate the three frequencies (top to bottom) 2.0078, 1.9683, and 2.0515 day 1. All three frequencies were confirmed in the Johnson V data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-johnson-b-photometric-data-for-hd-187615-phased-with-1bs80b0r.png Fig. 22.—Johnson B photometric data for HD 187615, phased with the three frequencies and times of minimum from Table 5. Top to bottom: Frequencies are 2.0078, 1.9683, and 2.0515 day 1. For each panel, the data set has been prewhitened to remove the other two known frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-least-squares-spectra-of-the-hd-144451-johnson-b-data-i75xijic.png Fig. 19.—Least-squares spectra of the HD 144451 Johnson B data set, showing the results of progressively fixing the three detected frequencies. The arrows indicate the three frequencies (top to bottom) 1.5970, 1.6476, and 1.7776 day 1. All three frequencies were confirmed in the Johnson V data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-johnson-b-photometric-data-for-hd-144451-phased-with-2udczixq.png Fig. 20.—Johnson B photometric data for HD 144451, phased with the three frequencies and times of minimum from Table 5. Top to bottom: Frequencies are 1.5970, 1.6476, and 1.7776 day 1. For each panel, the data set has been prewhitened to remove the other two known frequencies. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-bandgap-fiber-bundle-spectrometer-4ceth01c8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-normalized-spectral-response-of-a-ccd-array-b-a-36vorro5.png Figure 3. (a). Normalized spectral response of a CCD array. (b) A typical monochromatic near-linear response of a CCD array (=560 nm). (c) An image of fiber bundle taken by a CCD array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-properties-of-the-reconstructed-spectra-as-a-xfppzuim.png Figure 6. Properties of the reconstructed spectra as a function of the number of singular values used in the inversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectra-reconstruction-using-photonic-bandgap-fiber-rrievb3j.png Figure 5. Spectra reconstruction using photonic bandgap fiber bundle-based spectrometer. In black dashed curves are the test spectra of the incoming light as created by the tuneable monochromator-based source. In red solid curves are the corresponding spectra reconstructed by the fiber bundle spectrometer. N indicates the optimal number of singular values used in the transmission matrix inversion algorithm. Gray areas indicate error levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-noise-on-the-reconstruction-algorithm-a-99505lzf.png Figure 8. Effect of noise on the reconstruction algorithm. (a) Average reconstruction error and its statistical deviation as a function of the noise amplitude. Inset: optimal number of singular values needed to minimise the reconstruction error. (b) Average width of a reconstructed peak and its statistical deviation as a function of the noise level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transmission-spectra-of-5-typical-bragg-fibers-15b9fwd2.png Figure 1. (a) Transmission spectra of 5 typical Bragg fibers used in the fiber bundle. (b) Distribution of the fiber bandgap width as a function of the fiber bandgap center wavelength for all the Bragg fibers in a bundle. In the inset: photo of a Bragg fiber crossection showing a solid core surrounded by a periodic multilayer reflector. When launching white light into the Bragg fiber the non-guided colors are strongly irradiated with only a single color reaching the fiber end. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-noise-on-the-quality-of-reconstruction-264un6aa.png Figure 7. Effect of noise on the quality of reconstruction. Examples of the reconstructed spectra for several particular realisations of noise with amplitudes: (i) 0 , (ii) 0.005 , (iii) 0.05 , (iv) 0.1 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fiber-bundle-spectrometer-top-part-schematic-of-the-32gopcme.png Figure 2. Fiber bundle spectrometer. Top part: schematic of the spectrometer. Light from the illuminant is launched into the fiber bundle. Lower part: when the broadband light is launched into the fiber bundle, the output is a mosaic of colors selected by the individual Bragg fibers. The image is then recorded by the black and white CCD array. https://scispace.com/papers/photooxidation-and-photobleaching-of-single-cdse-zns-quantum-44y3v3gplo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-emission-wavelength-as-a-function-of-time-for-a-3nzae14z.png Figure 3. Emission wavelength as a function of time for a CdSe/ZnS QD of batch 1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. The inset shows a spectrally resolved time trace revealing the spectral jumps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emission-wavelength-as-a-function-of-time-for-the-378a3f73.png Figure 2. Emission wavelength as a function of time for the CdSe/ ZnS QD of Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectrally-resolved-time-trace-a-of-a-cdse-zns-qd-34a9ywbv.png Figure 1. Spectrally resolved time trace (a) of a CdSe/ZnS QD of batch 1 in ambient air present in the detection volume of the CLSM/spectrograph (excitation at 468 nm, room temperature). Note that the intensity is a stretched false color representation. The blow-up (b) shows a smaller part of the time trace. Emission spectra at different illumination times are shown in c. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-analyses-of-mitochondrial-and-nuclear-data-in-50afc6kyfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chronogram-resulting-from-the-relaxedmolecular-clock-3awe9n6f.png Fig. 2. Chronogram resulting from the relaxedmolecular clock Bayesian analysis of the concatenation of COI, CytB and ITS2 (1635 nucleotide sites). Mean divergence times are indicated at nodes and node bars represent 95% credibility intervals. Scale is in millions of years before present. Species names belonging to the genus Stomoxys have been abbreviated (S). TheDrosophila/Musca calibration constraint is shown in black. Tertiary epochs are indicated following the geologic timescale 2004 of the Geological Society of America (Gradstein et al., 2004). Plio.: pliocene; Pleist.: pleistocene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stomoxys-species-distributions-as-mentioned-by-zumpt-23ks15dd.png Table 1 Stomoxys species distributions as mentioned by Zumpt (1973). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-species-sampling-source-localities-and-genbank-1hgptvs0.png Table 2 Species sampling, source localities, and GenBank accession numbers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-tests-of-topological-congruence-among-2qr6173w.png Table 4 Statistical tests of topological congruence among the three genes using crossed SH tests (Shimodaira and Hasegawa, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coi-cytb-and-its2-primers-used-for-amplifications-keuq6xit.png Table 3 COI, CytB and ITS2 primers used for amplifications and sequencing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-best-fitting-models-and-associated-maximum-3ovzyow0.png Table 5 Best fitting models and associated maximum likelihood parameters obtained for the gene partitions used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-relationships-among-33-dipteran-species-3lwpzk8r.png Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships among 33 dipteran species inferred from the concatenation of COI, CytB and ITS2 (1635 nucleotide sites). This phylogram is the 50%majority rule consensus tree obtained with Bayesian inference under the GTR + G model. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities (PP)/maximum likelihood bootstrap proportions (BPML). Black circles indicate nodes receivingmaximum values of PP and BP and dashesmark nodes above the 50% level. The threemain lineages identifiedwithin the Stomoxys group are labeled A, B, and C. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-diversification-of-the-globin-gene-superfamily-3kiluvqrjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-depiction-of-gene-duplicates-that-are-2kq5pii0.png Figure 2. Graphical depiction of gene duplicates that are shared between the three globin-defined paralogons (Cygb, Mb, and Hb) and the Gb– paralogon in the human genome. There are seven 4:1 gene families that unite the Gb– paralogon with the Cygb, Mb, and Hb paralogons, there are seven 3:1 gene families that unite the Gb– paralogon with two of the three globin-defined paralogons, and there are four 2:1 gene families that unite the Gb– paralogon with a single globin-defined paralogon. The shared paralogs are depicted in colinear arrays for display purposes only, as there is substantial variation in gene order among the four paralogons. For clarity of presentation, genes that are not shared between the Gb- paralogon and any of the three globin-defined paralogons are not shown. In the human genome, the Gb– paralogon on Chromosome 19 shares multiple gene duplicates with fragments of the Hb paralogon on Chromosomes 16 and 7, and it shares multiple gene duplicates with fragments of the Mb paralogon on Chromosomes 12 and 22. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cladogram-describing-phylogenetic-relationships-mmub2uk1.png Figure 4. Cladogram describing phylogenetic relationships among chordate globins. The products of whole-genome duplications (the 1R and 2R duplications) are indicated in the clade of vertebrate-specific globins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-likelihood-phylogram-describing-2b0dj56n.png Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogram describing relationships among globin genes from representative chordates: 11 jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata), three jawless fishes (Cyclostomata), the sea squirt [Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata)], and amphioxus [Branchiostoma floridae (Cephalochordata)]. Numbers above the nodes correspond to maximum likelihood bootstrap support values, and those below the nodes correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities. The inset tree depicts the organismal phylogeny and the timing of two successive whole-genome duplications (the 1R and 2R duplications) in the stem lineage of vertebrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-likelihood-phylogenies-of-representative-4-25ib3lg2.png Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of representative 4:1 gene families that unite the Cygb, Mb, Hb, and Gb– paralogons. Individual members of the CACNG, Grin2, KCNJ, and MYH gene families (panels A–D, respectively) are located on each of the four globin-defined paralogons (see Figure 2 for their chromosomal locations in the human genome). As the tree topologies indicate, paralogous members of the same gene family always form a monophyletic group relative to the putative ortholog in nonvertebrate chordates (amphioxus or sea squirt). In each of the four maximum likelihood trees, bootstrap support values are shown for the node uniting all vertebrate-specific gene as a monophyletic group. These phylogenies (and those for many other globinlinked gene duplicates; (18)) are consistent with the genome-duplication hypothesis, and indicate that each of the gene families diversified prior to the divergence between tetrapods and teleost fish. https://scispace.com/papers/phylostratigraphic-analysis-of-tumor-and-developmental-ojqm9pe6uh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cancer-types-from-tcga-d09pmwea.png Table 3. Cancer types from TCGA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scheme-of-gene-evolution-and-the-cancer-atavism-1w437bnz.png Figure 1. The scheme of gene evolution and the cancer atavism hypothesis (a) Gene orthologues were extracted from the eggNOG database. We identify all orthologous groups containing human genes and reduced taxonomic levels to five basic levels: LUCA, Eukaryota, Metazoa, Vertebrata and Primata. (b) Cancer atavism hypothesis: cancer is a pre-programmed state, which enable cell growth and highly efficient adaptation to environmental changes, honed by a long period of evolution in ancestral life and subsequently suppressed in multicellular life. In the cancer phenotype, genes that play a role in single-cellular processes are up-regulated while genes that play a role in multicellular process are down-regulated compared with the normal tissue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolutionary-age-enrichment-analysis-of-genes-1oscvtpo.png Figure 4. Evolutionary age enrichment analysis of genes suppressed and overexpressed in breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue from TCGA transcriptome data. (a) The frequency of genes suppressed in breast cancer is significantly enriched in Metazoa and Vertebrata evolutionary ages and is evidently depleted of pre-metazoan evolutionary age for various F values (indicating the % of samples that share the overexpression/suppression in cancer). This trend seems to be most significant for genes whose suppression in cancer was defined at F>30%, and is less significant at F>40% because the number of differentially expressed genes becomes too small. (b) Overexpressed genes do not seem to have a strong enrichment in any evolutionary age except for the set of genes with F>10%; these genes were significantly enriched with LUCA evolutionary age and depleted of postmetazoan evolutionary age (No genes were up-regulated with F>40%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-age-distribution-of-the-annotated-cancer-genes-1ltrvzye.png Figure 2. The age distribution of the annotated cancer genes and cancer GO terms (a) The age distribution for the whole set of 19,177 human genes (black circles) with phylostratigraphic age and two relevant gene sets in cancer genomics: tumor suppressor genes (red exes) and oncogenes (green triangles). (b) We present the age enrichment score for these two gene sets using all genes as the background. The values that fall outside of the grey band are statistically significant with p-value < 0.05. It shows that both tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are over-represented in Eukayota and Metazoa and under-represented in Vertebrata. Additionally, Oncogenes are under-represented in LUCA. (c) The age distribution of the cancer-related GO terms compared with all GO terms (data accessed on 07/2017 from Gene Ontology Consortium). The average ages of all cancer-related GO terms are compared with those of all GO terms, which shows that the cancer-related GO terms are enriched between Eukayota and Metazoa. This GO term age analysis agrees with the result of cancer gene age analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mapping-table-between-11-level-evolution-ages-to-5-gu7u45dd.png Table 4. Mapping table between 11-level evolution ages to 5-level evolution ages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-enriched-go-terms-of-the-genes-commonly-2rdlqd9a.png Figure 6 Enriched GO terms of the genes commonly overexpressed and suppressed cancer sample transcriptomes compared with that of normal tissues. We associated the biological functions to the genes commonly overexpressed and suppressed in the tumor samples across 10 cancer types compared with their normal tissues. The circle size represents the gene number within a GO term. The arrows represent the hierarchical relationships between GO terms. (a) Overexpressed genes in cancer samples are enriched in GO terms such as cell division, cell organelles fission (spindle, cytoskeleton, nuclear etc.), cell cycle process (mitosis, M phage) etc.; (b) Suppressed genes in cancer samples are enriched in GO terms such as embryonic organ development process, tissue development, morphogenesis, multicellular process, cell differentiation and inter-cellular signal transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-house-keeping-pathways-from-kegg-36khvekn.png Table 2. House-keeping pathways from KEGG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolutionary-age-enrichment-analysis-of-genes-1qdjjuft.png Figure 5. Evolutionary age enrichment analysis of genes suppressed and overexpressed in ten cancer types from TCGA transcriptome data. (a) Suppressed genes are typically enriched with post-metazoan genes and depleted of pre-metazoan genes in almost all studied cancer types (see Table 3). (b) The overexpressed genes present a more consistent behavior: there is enrichment in LUCA ages and depletion of post-metazoan ages for most https://scispace.com/papers/physical-and-computational-modeling-for-chemical-and-2lpd5ddlyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-locations-of-experimental-data-points-3bh5lefj.png Figure 5. Locations of experimental data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contours-of-velocity-magnitude-at-the-front-edge-of-1fyok1tl.png Figure 6. Contours of velocity magnitude at the front edge of the model from experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8b-velocity-vectors-at-the-front-edge-of-the-model-wpawlk68.png Figure 8b. Velocity vectors at the front edge of the model from the k-ω SST simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-velocity-vectors-at-the-front-edge-of-the-model-jmifq8o6.png Figure 8b. Velocity vectors at the front edge of the model from the k-ω SST simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7c-contours-of-velocity-magnitude-at-the-front-edge-1ewfxczs.png Figure 7c. Contours of velocity magnitude at the front edge of the model from the k-ε simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11b-pressure-contours-at-z-0-07-m-just-above-the-top-3bvgspd8.png Figure 11b. Pressure contours at z = 0.07 m, just above the top of the building, k-ω standard model. Units are in pascals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11a-pressure-contours-at-z-0-03-m-mid-height-of-the-1amvy4q5.png Figure 11b. Pressure contours at z = 0.07 m, just above the top of the building, k-ω standard model. Units are in pascals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12a-pressure-contours-at-z-0-07-m-mid-height-of-the-37vqxqqi.png Figure 12a. Pressure contours at z = 0.07 m, mid-height of the building, k-ω SST model. Units are in pascals. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-chemical-characterization-of-sludge-and-granular-1x4na83li2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-ftir-spectra-of-dried-and-calcinated-25v7gfrw.png Figure 4 shows FTIR spectra of dried and calcinated suspended solid and sludge samples. FTIR spectra of dried samples showed peaks for mineral and organic matter whereas those of calcinated samples exhibited only mineral part of the materials. The spectrum of dried suspended solid was very similar to those obtained by El Samrani et al. (2004) on freeze-dried coagulated species formed in the system ferric chloride/municipal sewage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-total-elemental-content-of-the-analyzed-19j6bvej.png Table 1 shows the total elemental content of the analyzed samples. All major elements except Na were found at a higher concentration in the sludge as compared to the SS. This can be explained by the higher content of OM in SS sample (Figure 2). Phosphorus contents were found to be 14.0 g kg-1 in SS and 19.4 g kg-1 for sludge, highlighting the retention of P at the surface of the first pf-VFCW stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-material-is-mostly-made-of-microbial-iomass-1zi7rs5o.png Figure 1). This material is mostly made of microbial iomass from the trickling filter and precipitates from the stage of FeCl3 addition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2zc326yj.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-functioning-in-patients-with-ankylosing-spondylitis-43bdy6z0zh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-methods-to-assess-the-construct-physical-1o0g2ed2.png FIGURE 1. Different methods to assess the construct ‘‘physical functioning’’ and their relation to the level of appraisal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-patient-and-control-subjects-3fc5c1gz.png TABLE 2. Characteristics of Patient and Control Subjects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spearman-correlations-between-physical-functioning-cs9oalao.png TABLE 1. Spearman Correlations Between Physical Functioning, Total PA Measured With the Baecke Questionnaire, Different Dimensions of PA Measured With Accelerometers, and (Disease) Characteristics of 24 AS Patients https://scispace.com/papers/physical-map-of-the-wheat-high-grain-protein-content-gene-nqikmdewqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-graphical-genotypes-of-the-subset-of-recombinant-3s942fgz.png Table 4 Graphical genotypes of the subset of recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) previously characterized for grain protein content (GPC) (Olmos et al., 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cleavage-amplified-polymorphic-sequence-caps-marker-23g8kttm.png Fig. 1 (a) Cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for locus Xuhw83; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products digested with restriction enzyme HaeIII. (b) CAPS marker for locus Xuhw84; PCR products digested with restriction enzyme StyI. (c) Degenerate CAPS marker for locus Xuhw86; PCR products were digested with restriction enzyme NlaIII. (d) Indel marker for locus Xuhw89. 1, LDN; 2, DIC; 3, RSL113; 4, RSL116; 5, RSL8; 6, RSL121; 7, RSL110; 8, RSL117; 9, RSL28; 10, RSL119; M, DNA ladder. The PCR and restriction products from markers Xuhw83, Xuhw84 and Xuhw86 were separated on 1.8% agarose gel; PCR products from marker Xuhw89 were separated on 6% polyacrylamide gel. Sizes are in bp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-and-information-on-restriction-fragment-1o7yjmb2.png Table 1 Source and information on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes that were used in the current research https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-positive-clones-from-the-tetraploid-bacterial-1fvftrtx.png Table 2 Positive clones from the tetraploid bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for loci Xucw71, Xuhw83, Xuhw84 and Xuhw86a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-based-markers-for-loci-2unqma8c.png Table 3 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers for loci Xuhw83, Xuhw84, Xuhw86, Xuhw89 and Xucw96 https://scispace.com/papers/physically-unclonable-function-based-security-and-privacy-in-4ugm4q37px 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-verification-algorithm-150qkv8m.png Figure 4. Verification Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tagging-algorithm-dfjo1j0y.png Figure 3. Tagging Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-key-generation-algorithm-1ntxekyx.png Figure 2. Key Generation Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphs-showing-a-the-valid-signature-detection-3om6htku.png Figure 1. Graphs showing (a) the valid signature detection probability probv , and (b) the forgery non-recognition probability probf , as functions of the number of challenges n. Following [12], we set the tag uniqueness probability τ = 0.4, and the reliability probability µ = 0.02. We also fix t = 0.1 · n. The two functions are plotted on different vertical scales to better illustrate their behavior. Note that the valid signature detection probability probv quickly converges to 1, and the forgery non-recognition probability probf quickly converges to 0, as a result of only a modest increase in the number of challenges n. https://scispace.com/papers/physico-chemical-and-mineralogical-characterisation-of-4dfjo7eg02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-cumulative-particle-size-distribution-along-3jzg1vu2.png Fig 2: Mean cumulative particle size distribution along profiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-ec-ph-cec-db-and-pore-space-along-profiles-237d3jt7.png Table 1: Mean EC, pH, CEC, Db and %pore space along profiles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-xrpd-diffractogram-of-the-clay-fraction-of-a-1pta9hof.png Fig 4: Typical XRPD diffractogram of the clay fraction of a representative subsurface sample from the landfill area showing smectite, illite, and kaolinite peaks.(I = illite, K = kaolinite, S = smectite.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xrpd-diffraction-pattern-of-a-representative-bulk-3f5b5xiu.png Fig 3: XRPD Diffraction pattern of a representative bulk subsurface sediment sample from the Landfill showing muscovite, kaolinite (K), albite (A), microcline (M), muscovite (Mu), and quartz (Q) peaks https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-investigation-of-anodic-processes-involved-45b941jtah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-density-as-a-function-of-anode-potential-for-1whfxc9b.png Fig. 1. Current density as a function of anode potential for electrolyte compositions, g/dm3: (a) 50 Ag and (b) 150 Ag; (1) 20 HNO3, (2) 30 HNO3, (3) 40 HNO3, and (4) 60 HNO3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-thermoanalytical-curve-of-anode-deposit-a-and-mass-514xrc54.png Fig. 5. Thermoanalytical curve of anode deposit (a) and mass spectrograms of the gas phase (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-density-of-solutions-with-compositions-g-l-a-1eneyvg3.png Fig. 3. Optical density of solutions with compositions, g/L: (a) 75 and (b) 150 Ag; (a) 50 and (b) 100 HNO3 as a func tion of wavelength at potentials, V: (1) 1.5, (2) 1.6, (3, 4) 1.8, and (5) 1.9. https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-mechanical-barrier-and-antibacterial-3rvy9zovc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crosslinking-density-vc-and-molecular-weight-between-2d2252li.png Fig. 2. Crosslinking density (ʋc) and molecular weight between the crosslink (Mc) of the crosslinked starch films prepared with diff erent weight percentages of OS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sorption-curve-of-the-nanocomposite-films-uormunk3.png Fig. 4. Sorption curve of the nanocomposite films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftir-spectra-of-a-sucrose-and-oxidised-sucrose-os-and-2s7r0tg6.png Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of (A) sucrose and oxidised sucrose (OS) and (B) uncross linked and crosslinked nanocomposite films with magnified image in the range (C) of 1200–800 cm−1 corresponding to the ether/acetal (CeO) stretching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-properties-of-the-films-ifaa9dbj.png Table 1 Functional properties of the films. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-sorption-data-of-the-films-q0p81cky.png Table 2 Analysis of sorption data of the films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-stress-strain-curve-of-nanocomposites-b-theorotical-1yfev25z.png Fig. 5. (a) Stress-Strain curve of nanocomposites; (b) Theorotical prediction of tensile data (c) Images of samples (i) PS (ii) PS + OS1 (iii) PS + OS1/CNF5 (iv) PS + OS3 (v) PS + OS3/CNF5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-prepared-films-a-ps-os1-b-ps-os1-cnf5-c-3n8d85df.png Fig. 3. SEM images of prepared films: (a) PS + OS1, (b) PS + OS1/CNF5, (c) PS + OS3, and (d) PS + OS3/CNF5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wvtr-and-otr-of-the-films-bgublvkn.png Table 3 WVTR and OTR of the films. https://scispace.com/papers/physiologische-pflanzenanatomie-von-dr-g-haberlandt-3n182ojlbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-schuppenhaar-der-lauhblattoherseite-von-hippophae-7co9fa3i.png Fig. 35. Schuppenhaar der Lauhblattoherseite von Hippophae rhamnoides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-235-scliematisclie-darstellung-des-strawenganges-in-der-39bv1keb.png Fig. 235. Scliematisclie Darstellung des StraWenganges in der papillösen Epidermiszelle ah c ä; die Innenwand cd weist bei senkrechtem Lichteinfall ein lielles Mittelfeld «/ und eine dunkle Randzone c e und /d auf. Bei schrägem Lichteinfall (gestrichelte Linien) ist das helle Mittelfeld i' f verschoben. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-178-pneumathode-der-assimilierenden-wurzel-von-6q0x3p7u.png Fig. 178. Pneumathode der assimilierenden Wurzel von Taeniophyllum Zollingeri (Querscilnittsansicht). tv Wurzelhülle. e Exodermis. l luftführende Exodermiszelle, deren untere, rechte Wand grob durchlöchert ist. ) chlorophyllführende Rinde, f Füllzellen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-73-entstellung-des-bastringes-und-der-an-seine-34r5arah.png Fig. 73. Entstellung des Bastringes und der an seine Innenseite sici anlehnenden Gefäßbündel im Blütenschafte von Primula sinensis. 6 ßastcambium. r? Gefäßbünde] anlagen (Mestomcambium stränge). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-160-spaltoifnung-von-poa-annua-a-oberflachenansicht-b-1vajum3e.png Fig. 160. Spaltöifnung von Poa annua. A Oberflächenansicht. B Querschnitt durch ein erweitertes Ende. C Querschnitt durch das Mittelstuck des Apparates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-161-schematische-darstellung-einer-halben-3s9aycb9.png Fig. 161. Schematische Darstellung einer halben Gramineenspaltöifnung, links im geschlossenen, rechts im geöffneten Zustande. (Vgl. den Text.) (Nach Schwendener.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-248-elemente-des-holzes-von-cytisus-labuiimm-tangentiale-2wkw0vs7.png Fig. 248. Elemente des Holzes von Cytisus Labuiimm (tangentiale Längsschnitt). A stärkeführende Ersatzfaser. B Enden zweier be nachbarten Holzparenchymzellen. C intermediäre Zellform, in ihre: oberen Hälfte Ersatzfaser, in ihrer unteren Libriformfaser. 1> wasserleitende Elemente; links eine Tracheide, rechts ein enges Gefäßglied; bei e die Löcher in den Wandungen der Gliedenden. E Wandungsstück zwischen zwei Tracheiden mit Hoftüpfeln und Spiralfasern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-145-nervatur-des-blattes-von-salix-grandifolia-fig-14-i-2p8djy9m.png Fig. 145. Nervatur des Blattes von Salix grandifolia Fig. 14(i. Nervatur des Blattes von Convallaria latifolia nach V. Ettingsliausen (aus S a c h;s , Vorlesungen). https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-tolerance-to-ssdna-enables-strand-uncoupling-4xt4z4x6if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polai-trigger-ssdna-by-strand-uncoupling-26qdlrj2.png Figure 3. PolAi Trigger ssDNA by Strand Uncoupling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ssdna-generated-by-strand-uncoupling-enhances-atr-3n0dv3ee.png Figure 4. ssDNA Generated by Strand Uncoupling Enhances ATR Signaling but Does Not Trigger a Replication Checkpoint (A) Cells were treated with 2 mM HU or 1 mM PolAi for 30 min and analyzed by QIBC. QIBC of gH2AX/CB-RPA (top panel). Overlap of the QIBC plots (bottom panel). NT, non-treated. (B) Cells were treated with 1 mMPolAi or 2mMHU, and soluble (SN) and chromatin (CB) fractions were isolated and analyzed byWB. PolA1 was used as a loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-persistent-levels-of-strand-uncoupling-do-not-3clvcy6v.png Figure 6. Persistent Levels of Strand Uncoupling Do Not Impede Cell Proliferation (A) QIBC of gH2AX/CB-RPA of cells treated with PolAi. The cells in RC are highlighted in red. Only 300 cells could be collected at 72 h/500 nM because of the high cell death. (B) Cells were grown in PolAi and then collected for QIBC. DAPI was used to count the number of cells. Lines show the fold change in cell number versus time 0 h. Error bars represent SD. (C) WB of cells treated with PolAi or 2 mM HU for 24 h. (D) Cells were treated as in (A) and labeled with EdU (last 30 min). Lines show average nuclear CB-RPA and EdU levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depletion-of-pola1-causes-ssdna-accumulation-13hudd5u.png Figure 1. Depletion of POLA1 Causes ssDNA Accumulation Spontaneously in S-Phase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pola1-inhibitors-trigger-a-fast-accumulation-of-1vuml81t.png Figure 2. POLA1 Inhibitors Trigger a Fast Accumulation of ssDNA in Replicating Cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pola1-activity-limits-strand-uncoupling-and-1ygyic6k.png Figure 5. POLA1 Activity Limits Strand Uncoupling and Prevents a Lethal Replication Catastrophe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-models-1awd74nv.png Figure 7. Models https://scispace.com/papers/physisorption-of-hydroxide-ions-from-aqueous-solution-to-a-33l3jsa5og 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-density-profile-of-the-oxygen-and-hydrogen-atoms-1x2u4ypg.png Figure 2. (a) Density profile of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of the hydroxide ions and the water molecules and (b) net charge density distribution due to the water molecules as a function of the distance from the surface. The distributions are averaged over the two surfaces and the z-axis is translated so that the location of the wall is atz′ ) 0 nm. Note, that in the TIP5P water model the negative charge is located on the lonepair electrons sites and not on the oxygen atom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-density-of-the-angle-between-the-r13soqq2.png Figure 4. Probability density of the angle between the covalent O-H bond vector and the surface normal of the interfacial (first layer away from the surface) water molecules (with hydroxide, chloride, and sodium ions) and hydroxide ions. Thus, an O-H bond that is parallel to the surface normal and points toward the bulk corresponds to an angle of 0°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-energy-electrostatic-and-lennard-jones-3s9kjq7s.png Figure 3. Potential energy (electrostatic and Lennard-Jones interactions) between a hydroxide ion and its environment (water molecules and surface atoms) as well as with only the water molecules as a function of the distance from the surface. The simulations were performed with only one ion solvated in water, i.e., at concentrations of 0.03 M. https://scispace.com/papers/phytoremediation-of-industrial-wastewater-potentiality-by-3i2jos7pld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bcf-and-tf-of-al3-fe3-zn2-and-pb2-2h4vmkcp.png Table 4: BCF and TF of Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-and-sd-of-concentrations-in-different-1w6ifo14.png Table 3: Mean values and ±SD of concentrations in different plant parts of T. domingensis growing in control site and industrial wastewater pond in different seasons https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-the-tested-metals-concentration-1zew6h84.png Table 2: Comparison between the tested metals concentration in sediments and the normal; critical ranges of metals in soils and sediments, and eco-toxic ranges of metals in sediments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-accumulation-of-al3-fe3-zn2-and-pb2-in-different-plant-1b9plvpc.png Fig. 1: Accumulation of Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ in different plant parts in Summer and Winter seasons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-sd-of-elemental-and-physicochemical-2o2za4yd.png Table 1: Mean and ±SD of elemental and physicochemical characteristics of wastewater https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-matrix-between-elements-concentrations-21hpvjoq.png Table 5: Correlation matrix between elements concentrations in water, sediment and plant https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pathway-of-metals-uptake-in-plants-wendy-et-al-2005-23rahwpn.png Fig. 2: Pathway of metals uptake in plants (Wendy et al., 2005) https://scispace.com/papers/piezophototronic-solar-cell-based-on-third-generation-18w1hafnrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-19mr71y8.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-344fy9oa.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-n-gen-n-sp-isopoda-4vpppidvhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-holotype-male-a-14sn31k7.png Figure 4. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, holotype male. A, right gnathopod. B, detail of dactylus of right gnathopod. C, right pereopod 2. D, right pereopod 3. E, right pereopod 4. F, detail of dactylus and unguis of right pereopod 4. G, right pereopod 5, dactylus and unguis regenerating. H, right pereopod 6. I, detail of dactylus and unguis of right pereopod 6. J, right pereopod 7. A, C–E, G, H, J scale = 0.2 mm; B, F, I scale = 0.05 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-holotype-male-l26usjft.png Figure 1. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, holotype male, lateral view, scale = 1 mm. Whole animal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-holotype-male-a-3d5fe9is.png Figure 5. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, holotype male. A, pleotelson and uropods, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, detail of right uropod, lateral view. A, B scale = 0.5 mm; C scale = 0.2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-holotype-male-a-1lw6vcqk.png Figure 2. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, holotype male. A, left antenna 2. B, left antenna 1. C, detail of aesthetascs on antenna 1. D, left mandible. E, right mandible. F, spine row of right mandible. A, B scale = 0.2 mm, C–E scale = 0.1 mm; F scale = 0.05 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-holotype-male-a-1w10bk0k.png Figure 6. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, holotype male. A, right pleopod 1. B, exopod of right pleopod 2. C, endopod of right pleopod 2 with appendix masculinis. D, right pleopod 3. E, right pleopod 4. F, exopod of right pleopod 5. G, endopod of right pleopod 5. A–G scale = 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pilbarophreatoicus-platyarthricus-holotype-male-a-3jmg4b3l.png Figure 3. Pilbarophreatoicus platyarthricus, holotype male. A, left maxilla 2, showing detail of two types of setae. B, upper lip. C, lower lip. D, ventral view of maxilliped. E, medial view of maxilliped with detail of seta. F, right maxilla 1. A–F scale = 0.1 mm; A, E enlargements scale = 0.02 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/picture-naming-yields-highly-consistent-cortical-activation-2hnv8a2l20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-activation-pattern-in-picture-naming-in-1mpqvfwm.png Fig. 2. Overall activation pattern in picture naming in different time windows after stimulus onset. For each time window, the evoked response strength in the naming task, as compared to the visual task, on day 1 (D1) and day 2 (D2) is shown. The color scale indicates the difference in dSPM values between the two tasks (yellow/red colors indicate stronger responses to naming; for significance testing, see Fig. 3 ). Each row depicts activation strength in left lateral, right lateral, right medial and left medial cortex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-consistent-modulation-of-cortical-oscillatory-activity-8ggggvt7.png Fig. 7. Consistent modulation of cortical oscillatory activity in semantic judgment in different time windows after stimulus onset. Modulation was observed as a suppression of power, except in brain regions marked with ( ∗ ), where enhancement was observed. Non-grey parcels represent the brain regions that were selected for the ICC analysis. Consistency is denoted as excellent (ICC > 0.75, dark green), good (ICC 0.6–0.75, mid green) or fair (ICC 0.4–0.6, light green). Left lateral, right lateral, right medial and left medial cortex are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-consistent-evoked-activity-in-picture-naming-in-1tz5mib3.png Fig. 3. Consistent evoked activity in picture naming in different time windows after stimulus onset. Evoked activity related to picture naming on day 1 (D1) and day 2 (D2) are illustrated at different p -values (dark blue, p < 0.0005, mid blue, p < 0.005, light blue p < 0.05, white n.s., p -values uncorrected). Grey parcels were not incorporated into the ICC analysis as they did not meet our significance criteria ( p -value < 0.005 on both days). The consistency of the statistically significant D1 and D2 effects was further quantified with ICC. Consistency of the evoked activity varied from excellent (ICC > 0.75, dark green) to good (ICC 0.6–0.75, mid green), fair (ICC 0.4– 0.6, light green) and poor (ICC < 0.4, white). Left lateral, right lateral, right medial and left medial cortex are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-consistent-modulation-of-cortical-oscillatory-activity-26hhz0mc.png Fig. 6. Consistent modulation of cortical oscillatory activity in picture naming in different time windows after stimulus onset. The observed modulation was a suppression of power, except for activity marked with ( ∗ ), which represents enhancement of power. Non-grey parcels represent the brain regions that were selected for the ICC analysis. Consistency is denoted as excellent (ICC > 0.75, dark green), good (ICC 0.6–0.75, mid green) or fair (ICC 0.4–0.6, light green). Left lateral, right lateral, right medial and left medial cortex are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evoked-activity-of-individual-subjects-for-picture-1ogbycnf.png Fig. 4. Evoked activity of individual subjects for picture naming in the time window 400–600 ms in ten of the regions that showed consistent naming-related evoked activity. The lower graph, for each brain region, presents the evoked response strength (dSPM) in the picture naming task compared to the visual task, for all the 19 participants (day 1 black; day 2 grey). The scatter plot shows the above-mentioned individual data plotted for day 1 (D1) and day 2 (D2). The significance of the Pearson correlation is indicated ( p < 0.05 ∗ , p < 0.01 ∗ ∗ , p < 0.001 ∗ ∗ ∗ ). The bar graph shows between-subject mean square (BMS) and error mean square (EMS). See upper left corner for units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-subjects-were-instructed-to-jhpaahwo.png Fig. 1. Experimental design. Subjects were instructed to perform the task when a question mark appeared. Pictures of the objects from: Papunet, papunet.net, Elina Vanninen, modified versions of the original figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-consistent-evoked-activity-icc-for-semantic-judgments-2r1dpwtq.png Fig. 5. Consistent evoked activity (ICC) for semantic judgments in different time windows after stimulus onset. Non-grey parcels represent the brain regions that were selected for the ICC analysis, with the different shades of green denoting excellent (ICC > 0.75, dark green), good (ICC 0.6–0.75, mid green) or fair (ICC 0.4–0.6, light green) consistency. Left lateral, right lateral, right medial and left medial cortex are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-beam-pattern-design-for-channel-estimation-in-massive-5bnrbzmuyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-for-16-qam-modulation-3ivzfidq.png Fig. 7. BER performance for 16-QAM modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-empirical-eigenvalue-cdf-of-and-3cnwqddj.png Fig. 4. Empirical eigenvalue CDF of and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nmse-versus-time-index-where-and-2qm8rznw.png Fig. 5. NMSE versus time index where , , and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-use-of-the-th-transmit-eigenvector-as-the-pilot-2zev05q5.png Fig. 2. The use of the -th transmit eigenvector as the pilot beam in a slot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nmse-and-snr-versus-the-terminal-velocity-where-and-a-1zf191sp.png Fig. 8. NMSE and SNR versus the terminal velocity where , , and (a) Channel estimation (b) Received SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-received-snr-versus-slot-index-where-ryb85saq.png Fig. 9. Received SNR versus slot index where , , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-massive-mimo-system-model-where-is-the-eigenvalues-of-3eap5xg5.png Fig. 1. Massive MIMO system model where is the eigenvalues of the pre- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nmse-and-received-snr-versus-time-index-where-and-a-y1xs54nw.png Fig. 6. NMSE and received SNR versus time index where , , , and (a) Transient tracking (b) Steady-state tracking. https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-evaluation-of-a-resilience-training-program-for-people-1wku59o6zt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-direct-effect-of-time-on-changes-in-multiple-ro6j0mfq.png Figure 3a. Direct effect of time on changes in Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life physical health subscale from post-intervention to follow-up and model of mediation via pre- to post-intervention changes in values consistency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-for-primary-and-uhz02uix.png Table 2. Means and standard deviations for primary and secondary outcomes at pre-and post-intervention, and 3 month Follow-up (n= 37) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ratings-of-program-helpfulness-in-improving-the-act-1ew7wmpj.png Table 3 Ratings of program helpfulness in improving the ACT processes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pre-and-post-intervention-and-follow-up-scores-for-2ars8u9d.png Figure 2 Pre- and post-intervention, and follow-up scores for Resilience Scale-15, MSQoL-54 Physical Health Composite Score, MSQoL-54 Mental Health Composite Score, DASS-21 Depression Scale, and DASS-21 Stress Scale. Error bars represent 1 SE +/- Mean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participant-feedback-on-the-ready-program-h5pu3wts.png Table 4 Participant feedback on the READY program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-direct-effect-of-time-on-changes-in-depression-3s4ab2sv.png Figure 3a. Direct effect of time on changes in Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life physical health subscale from post-intervention to follow-up and model of mediation via pre- to post-intervention changes in values consistency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participant-inclusion-flowchart-ivic75ud.png Figure 1 Participant inclusion flowchart https://scispace.com/papers/pilot-scale-production-of-novel-calcium-sulfoaluminate-48epfusoxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kiln-sizes-used-in-the-study-2brr9uja.png Table 4. Kiln sizes used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-the-total-gas-emissivity-predicted-for-the-2s1ten11.png Figure 5. Gas emissivity profile as a function of temperature for various kiln sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-operating-conditions-of-the-kiln-283o239l.png Table 1b. Operating conditions of the kiln https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-produced-csa-clinker-wt-xrf-analysis-3-3pvhcrzw.png Table 2. Produced CSA clinker, wt% (XRF analysis) [3] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gas-emissivity-profile-as-a-function-of-temperature-1773fgvf.png Figure 5. Gas emissivity profile as a function of temperature for various kiln sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-external-kiln-surface-thermal-imaging-along-the-979bkksp.png Figure 2. The external kiln surface thermal imaging along the length of the kiln during steady state production. Lower surface temperatures are at the lower bottom (feed side) with high temperature towards the top far end (flame side). Figure 3 (a) shows thermal imaging and temperature measurement of the flame zone through the window near the flame zone looking inside the kiln during operation. Different locations inside the kiln were represented by point temperature measurements as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-polynomial-coefficients-for-the-3-gray-gas-model-for-292pvat0.png Table 3. Polynomial coefficients for the 3-gray gas model for H2O and CO2 mixture with PH2O/PCO2 = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-kiln-size-on-gas-emissivity-and-3tgdtqbu.png Figure 8. Effect of kiln size on gas emissivity and efficiency. A more detailed model is necessary to quantify the governing factors of particulate radiation and also the three-way exchange between gas, inner wall lining and the clinker material. https://scispace.com/papers/pine-oil-increases-spray-retention-by-oats-sgsro2jlax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-retention-of-water-enriched-with-em-pine-oil-0-5-v-1qyd7yme.png Figure 1. Retention of water enriched with Em-pine-oil (0.5% v/v) and surfactant (0.1% v/v) by oats as a function of VMD of sprays applied at a constant volume of 150 L ha–1. Mean ± SD ( Em-pineoil; Surfactant). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-effects-of-monoterpenes-methylated-rapeseed-oil-and-15y8xgpc.png Table I. Effects of monoterpenes, methylated rapeseed oil and their mixture on the dynamic surface tension of water. Results expressed as a function of the age of newly created liquid-air interface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-effects-of-monoterpenes-and-methylated-rapeseed-oil-1iyab46v.png Table VI. Effects of monoterpenes and methylated rapeseed oil on the uptake of [14C] 2,4-D-dimethylamine to the adaxial surface of the first leaf of oats. Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uptake-ratio-of-14c-24-d-dimethylamine-between-qzhikdd6.png Figure 2. Uptake ratio of [14C] 2,4-D-dimethylamine between water containing an adjuvant and the acetone-water reference. Penetration as a function of adjuvant concentration into the first leaf of oats for 48 h. Results from 4 independent experiments. Mean ± SD ( EmMRO; ∆ Em-pine-oil-MRO; Em-α-terpineol; ❊ emulsifier). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-effects-of-monoterpenes-methylated-rapeseed-oil-and-3rlvxtsm.png Table V. Effects of monoterpenes, methylated rapeseed oil and their mixture on the initial and final areas of 0.4 µL droplet of water applied alone or with an adjuvant on the rough adaxial cuticule of the first leaf of oats. Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-effects-of-monoterpenes-methylated-rapeseed-oil-and-k9vffw7v.png Table II. Effects of monoterpenes, methylated rapeseed oil and their mixture on retention of water by oats. Sprays were applied with flat fan nozzles Albuz 110° under 200 kPa and at 200 L ha–1. A, B, C, D and E corresponded to five independent experiments, the number of replications being indicated in brackets. Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effects-of-monoterpene-alcohols-and-methylated-i0reiww4.png Table IV. Effects of monoterpene alcohols and methylated rapeseed oil on the contact angle of a 2 µL drop of water applied alone or in the presence of an adjuvant on two smooth hydrophobic surfaces (paraffin and PTFE). Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-effects-of-monoterpene-alcohols-and-their-mixture-3lr59ka2.png Table III. Effects of monoterpene alcohols and their mixture with methylated rapeseed oil on retention of glyphosate and clodinafoppropargyl by oats. Mean ± SD. https://scispace.com/papers/ping-gamma-ray-and-neutron-measurements-of-a-meter-sized-1ezrpaxm13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-2-graphs-of-the-thermal-and-epithermal-neutron-1kfh2civ.png Figures 1 & 2. Graphs of the thermal and epithermal neutron flux distribution as a fimction of neutron penetration depth/or both the C-type asteroid (blue) and the basalt layering simulant (red). https://scispace.com/papers/pinger-history-and-methodology-3r5klrnivj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-network-upgrades-made-to-the-binp-2nx60x5g.png Figure 5: Effects of network upgrades made to the BINP network in May of 2002. The thick light shaded line is to guide the eye and is the rolling average loss for the previous 24 hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-performance-between-esnet-monitoring-hosts-2vn4lmey.png Figure 4: Network performance between ESnet Monitoring-hosts in the U.S. and Remote-hosts in the U.K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-monthly-average-rtts-in-ms-reported-by-2dwvzxgr.png Figure 3: The monthly average RTTs (in ms) reported by pingtable.pl. The values are colored to assist in identifying problems. Column headings are clickable allowing the user to sort the data by the selected column. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-options-menu-from-the-www-slac-1rx87a4d.png Figure 2: Example of the options menu from the www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/pingtable.pl visualization tool. This shows the ability to select the specific metric, whether to give results for individual remote hosts or aggregate hosts by site, select the packet-size, choose the set of Monitoring-hosts and Remote-hosts, the time window for averaging data points, etc. https://scispace.com/papers/pingo-development-in-grondalen-west-spitsbergen-2i1nk094ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-isotopic-composition-of-unit-i-a-b-and-unit-iii-c-d-61b3xa4l.png Figure 5. Isotopic composition of unit I (a, b) and unit III (c, d) of the massive pingo ice of core 9 in comparison to freezing model data under closed-system conditions (Ekaykin et al., 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-region-of-nordenskiold-land-on-west-jf9e1wws.png Figure 1. Study region of Nordenskiöld Land on west Spitsbergen (inset), showing (a) the position of Grøndalen, (b) the position of seven pingos in Grøndalen (redrawn after https://toposvalbard. npolar.no, last access: 1 April 2019), the spring location (blue circle), and estimated fault locations (dotted lines) and (c) the drilling profile across Fili pingo (shown as an orange star in b) with locations of cores 9, 10 and 11. Please note that the actual lateral extent of the massive pingo ice body is unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-co-isotopic-plots-of-a-d18o-and-dd-in-modern-3nrjw8at.png Figure 3. Co-isotopic plots of (a) δ18O and δD in modern precipitation (August 2016–September 2018) and water of the Grøn River and its tributaries (Skakun et al., 2020), (b) δ18O and δD in massive ice of core 9 from pingo and from spring water sampled, and (c) δD and deuterium excess (d) data in massive ice of core 9 from pingo and from spring water. Data are given in Table 1. Note different axis scales in (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-sketch-of-grondalen-evolution-and-pingo-30zevh6p.png Figure 6. Schematic sketch of Grøndalen evolution and pingo formation differentiating into (a) marine stage, (b) initial pingo growth after sea retreat and establishment of the valley’s hydrological system, (c) continuing pingo growth along the topographic gradient, and (d) current pingo degradation and occurrence of springs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hydrochemical-composition-of-water-extracts-from-2xhdvcw6.png Figure 4. Hydrochemical composition of water extracts from the sedimentary cores 9, 10 and 11. Data are given in Table 3. Note different axis scale for ion content in (a) reaching up to 1335 mg L−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isotopic-and-hydrochemical-composition-of-the-164oqkts.png Figure 2. Isotopic and hydrochemical composition of the massive ice of Fili pingo obtained from core 9 as well as thermometric data from the borehole on 12 September 2018. Light grey symbols in the first plot refer to the upper x axis (δD). Data are given in Tables 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/piperlongumine-piplartine-and-analogues-antiproliferative-vca09imnud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-compound-1-and-analogues-7-13-on-1cqwsuz6.png Table 1. Effects of compound 1 and analogues 7-13 on viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-compound-1-induces-depolymerization-of-tubulin-in-198xmc0b.png Figure 8. Compound 1 induces depolymerization of tubulin in vitro and in MCF-7 cells. A. Effect of compounds 1 and 7 on in vitro tubulin polymerisation. Purified bovine tubulin and GTP were mixed in a 96-well plate at 37 oC. Ethanol (1% v/v) was used as a vehicle control. The effect on tubulin assembly was monitored in a Spectramax 340PC spectrophotometer at 340 nm at 30 s intervals for 60 min at 37 oC. The results represent the mean for three separate experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effects-of-compound-1-on-the-inhibition-of-the-2kgtrzyf.png Figure 10. Effects of compound 1 on the inhibition of the bisthioalkylation of Cys239 and Cys354 of β-tubulin by N,N’-ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) (EBI) in MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. MCF-7 and HT-29 cells were treated with vehicle control [ethanol 0.1% (v/v)], 2 (10 μM) or 1 (40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-compound-1-decreases-cell-viability-of-jurkat-and-3lglzkxs.png Figure 3A. Compound 1 decreases cell viability of Jurkat and MCF-7 cancer cells. Cells were grown in 96-well plates and treated with compound 1 at 0.1–20 μM for 48 h. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of vehicle control [ethanol 1% (v/v)] and was measured by alamarBlue assay (average of three independent experiments). Figure 3B, C. Effects of compounds 7 and 13 on the viability of MCF10a human mammary epithelial cells. Cells were treated with compound 7 (B) or 13 (C)(1, 5, 10 and 20 μM) for 48 hr. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of vehicle control [ethanol 1% (v/v)] and was measured by alamarBlue assay (average of three independent experiments). A non-paired two-tailed t-test was used to test for statistical significance (*, p < 0.05;***, p < 0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tubulin-depolymerising-chalcones-evaluated-for-1j0a927m.png Figure 5. Tubulin-depolymerising chalcones evaluated for effects on ROS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-antioxidant-pre-treatment-on-viability-of-1h0mrr5p.png Figure 6. Effect of antioxidant pre-treatment on viability of MCF-7 cells treated with tubulin-depolymerising agents. MCF-7 cells were seeded at a density of 2.5 x 104 cells/ ml in 96 well plates and left overnight to adhere. Cells were then pre-treated with NAC (1 mM) or Trolox (100μM) for 1 hr, followed by either colchicine, compound 2, or compound 14 (10 μM), 15 (10 μM), 16 (10 μM), 17 (10 μM) for 48 hr. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of vehicle control [ethanol 1% (v/v)] and was measured by alamarBlue assay (average of three independent experiments). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-compound-1-depolymerises-the-microtubule-network-of-1udt5e25.png Figure 9. Compound 1 depolymerises the microtubule network of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with vehicle control [1% ethanol (v/v)], paclitaxel (1 μM), compound 2 (100 nM) or compound 1 (10 or 20 μM) for 16 h. Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with mouse monoclonal anti-α-tubulin−FITC antibody (clone DM1A) (green), Alexa Fluor 488 dye and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Images were captured by Leica SP8 confocal microscopy with Leica application suite X software. Representative confocal micrographs of three separate experiments are shown. Scale bar: 30 μM (top images); 10 μM (bottom images). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-effects-of-compound-1-on-the-cell-cycle-and-34dygie4.png Figure 7.A. Effects of compound 1 on the cell cycle and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Cells were treated with either vehicle [V, 0.1% ethanol (v/v)], compound 1 (5, 10 or 20 μM) for 24 or 48 hr. Cells were then fixed, stained with PI, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis was performed on histograms of gated counts per DNA area (FL2-A). The number of cells with <2N (sub-G1), 2N (G0G1), and 4N (G2/M) DNA content was determined with CellQuest software. Values represent the mean ± S.E.M. for three separate experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test; (*, p < 0.05;**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001). B. Compound 1 downregulates the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. MCF-7 cells were treated with 10 μM of compound 1. Untreated (UT) and vehicle (EtOH, 0.1 % v/v) controls were also examined. After the required https://scispace.com/papers/pjm-controller-testing-with-prototypic-pjm-nozzle-4b3x11ckgj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-27-histograms-of-the-true-and-false-overblow-peaks-3i51wo8q.png Figure 6.27. Histograms of the True and False Overblow Peaks for DOB Detection Scenario 2 (1-PJM Full) with Triconex Controller in Clay Simulant at (a) High, (b) Mid, and (c) Low Fill Levels (Light shaded – true peaks. Dark shaded – false peaks.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-time-to-overblow-data-in-the-4pjm-configuration-3cvxo10f.png Figure 8.3. Time-to-Overblow Data in the 4PJM Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-7-limiting-histograms-for-true-and-false-peaks-for-3jeo8ekl.png Figure 7.7. Limiting Histograms for True and False Peaks for CVF Detection with ABB Controller and Approximating Normal Distributions (Light shaded – true peaks. Dark shaded – false peaks.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-12-flush-line-confidence-values-for-dob-detection-3kz2hv36.png Figure 6.12. Flush Line Confidence Values for DOB Detection Scenario 2 (1PJM-Full Case) with ABB Controller in Water Simulant at the Low Fill Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-list-of-the-various-analytical-instruments-used-in-1sjh5pev.png Table 5.1. List of the Various Analytical Instruments Used in the Controller Testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-histograms-of-the-true-and-false-overblow-peaks-nbwqovj9.png Figure 6.1. Histograms of the True and False Overblow Peaks for DOB Detection Scenario 1 (4PJM-Full Case) with ABB Controller in Clay Simulant at (a) High, (b) Mid, and (c) Low Fill Levels (Light shaded – true peaks. Dark shaded – false peaks.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-11-histograms-of-the-true-and-false-peaks-for-cvf-1ctfbaza.png Figure 7.11. Histograms of the True and False Peaks for CVF Detection with Triconex Controller in Water Simulant at (a) High, (b) Mid (10 second mask), (c) Mid (15 second mask) and (d) Low Fill Levels (Light shaded – true peaks. Dark shaded – false peaks.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-13-histograms-of-the-true-and-false-overblow-peaks-4jm0mef4.png Figure 6.13. Histograms of the True and False Overblow Peaks for DOB Detection Scenario 3 (4PJM-Partial Case) with ABB Controller in Clay Simulant at (a) High and (b) Mid Fill Levels (Light shaded – true peaks. Dark shaded – false peaks.) https://scispace.com/papers/placental-effects-of-systemic-tumour-necrosis-factor-a-in-an-2l4zjm9bld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-apoptosis-in-unk-cells-in-the-mesometrial-triangle-mt-10zx2m2y.png Fig. 3. Apoptosis in uNK cells in the mesometrial triangle (MT) of saline-treated wt and db/þ mice and TNF-treated db/þ mice. All cell numbers were expressed as cells per mm2 of MT area. A. Total number of granulated uNK cells (ANOVA: p¼ 0.0064). The relative numbers corresponding to the three staining categories are stacked within the bars. B. Granulated uNK cells stratified according to the intensity of cleaved caspase-3 staining (ANOVA: p¼ 0.044 for uNK cells without staining; p¼ 0.0517 for lightly-stained uNK cells; p¼ 0.0001 for intensely-stained uNK cells). Between-group differences are shown by * (p< 0.05), ** (p< 0.01) or *** (p< 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microscopic-view-of-a-labyrinthine-region-in-a-gd18-5-ozl6rkt5.png Fig. 2. Microscopic view of a labyrinthine region in a gd18.5 db/þ mouse treated with TNF from gd11.5. Note aggregations of apoptotic cells corresponding with villous stroma (long arrows), a solitary apoptotic cell (short arrow), and a large cytotrophoblastic cell (arrowpoint) showing positivity for cleaved caspase-3. A. Section stained for cleaved caspase-3 and a-actin, counterstained with PAS. B. Parallel section stained for keratin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detail-of-an-mt-region-in-a-gd18-5-db-th-mouse-treated-1hd2grwd.png Fig. 4. Detail of an MT region in a gd18.5 db/þ mouse treated with TNF from gd11.5. Note the uNK cells with PAS-positive cytoplasmic granulation. Some of the uNK cells show intense (long arrow) or light (arrowpoint) co-staining for cleaved caspase-3 in brown-black. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-overview-of-the-implantation-site-of-a-wt-mouse-at-2361ebvq.png Fig. 1. A. Overview of the implantation site of a wt mouse at gd18.5, showing cytokeratin-positive trophoblast invasion in maternal tissues (decidua and MT). B. Parallel section stained for cleaved caspase-3 and a-actin, counterstained with PAS. Delineations show the trophospongium-decidua border (dark green) and decidua-MT border (yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-data-of-saline-treated-wt-and-db-th-mice-and-x86q4q5q.png Table 1 General data of saline-treated wt and db/þ mice and TNF-treated db/þ mice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-morphological-analysis-of-implantation-sites-of-1fq3c3cy.png Table 2 Morphological analysis of implantation sites of saline-treated wt and db/þ mice and TNF-treated db/þ mice. https://scispace.com/papers/plane-segmentation-from-point-clouds-5dyl8uttep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-details-of-the-segmentation-result-24v4mx9f.png Fig. 10. Details of the segmentation result https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-point-cloud-with-planes-fitted-by-ransac-3hkuqm98.png Fig. 4. Point cloud with planes fitted by RANSAC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ransac-18-2mi3wj6v.png Fig. 3. RANSAC [18] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-estimated-plane-by-the-algorithm-described-l8cql8dg.png Fig. 9. The estimated plane by the algorithm described https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-point-cloud-left-gradually-growing-the-region-29tlob00.png Fig. 8. Measured point cloud (left); gradually growing the region of the selected points around the seed point (center - 6,400 points, right - 102,400 points) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-laboratory-of-surveying-t6t4moc7.png Fig. 7. Laboratory of Surveying https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-result-of-a-measurement-point-cloud-mqnhzm3w.png Fig. 1. The result of a measurement - point cloud https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-demonstration-of-the-point-cloud-segmentation-of-a-22501oe8.png Fig. 5. Demonstration of the point cloud segmentation of a model figure original point cloud (left), segmented planes (right) https://scispace.com/papers/planar-path-following-of-3-d-steering-scaled-up-helical-5qx8fdwlc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-direction-of-the-magnetic-field-b-n-depends-on-the-31vhl1zd.png Fig. 5: The direction of the magnetic field B‖n depends on the projection of B⊥n on the target orientation of the SHM n∗: (a) along n∗, and (b) along −n∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-image-sequence-of-the-shm-during-the-visual-servo-l16prz2f.png Fig. 15: Image sequence of the SHM during the visual servo control for path following of a straight line with the control parameters of kt = 0.1 and kd = 0.8 taken by the top camera, and the side camera (insert at the top-left corner). The image sequence demonstrates that thanks to the control scheme, the barycenter of the SHM can reach the reference path and then follow it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-three-orthogonal-helmholtz-coil-pairs-cad-design-b-2egkxqxv.png Fig. 6: (a) Three orthogonal Helmholtz coil pairs CAD design. (b) Experimental setup: Helmholtz coils, top camera, side camera with endoscope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-cad-design-of-the-shm-with-a-magnetic-head-b-the-344sp3n6.png Fig. 7: (a) CAD design of the SHM with a magnetic head. (b) The fabricated SHM. (c) The SHM is real-time tracked by ViSP [29]. The red cross is the barycentre and the red line is the axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-the-trajectories-of-the-open-loop-1mvqwsa5.png Fig. 16: Comparison of the trajectories of the open-loop control and visual servo control for following a straight line of y = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-trajectories-of-the-shm-during-visual-servo-control-c2b8ttuu.png Fig. 14: Trajectories of the SHM during visual servo control for path following of a straight line with different parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-path-following-and-trajectory-12peumz5.png Fig. 1: Comparison between path following and trajectory tracking algorithms in presence of strong disturbances on the helical swimmer velocity (e.g. friction on substrate, nonhomogeneous fluid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-determination-of-the-axis-of-the-shm-in-the-world-13cck8pv.png Fig. 8: Determination of the axis of the SHM in the world coordinate system. https://scispace.com/papers/plankton-origin-of-particulate-dimethylsulfoniopropionate-in-ckf6tjf3pg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-temporal-variations-in-the-biological-factors-in-280hv81u.png Table 2 Temporal variations in the biological factors in Niel Bay (PC¼ contribution of a size class to the total protein biomass). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temporal-variations-in-diatom-and-dinoflagellate-31emwg6a.png Fig. 3. Temporal variations in diatom and dinoflagellate biomasses in Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temporal-variations-in-the-abundance-of-the-1sds3xek.png Fig. 2. Temporal variations in the abundance of the zooplankton community, consisting mostly of copepods (adults, naupliiþ copepodites) in Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-variations-in-the-abundance-of-the-2iy53qe6.png Fig. 4. Temporal variations in the abundance of the predominant dinoflagellate species, Prorocentrum compressum and Gymnodinium sp., in Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temporal-variations-in-bacterial-abundance-in-niel-bay-2v8b1q6e.png Fig. 5. Temporal variations in bacterial abundance in Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationships-between-total-dmspp-and-p-compressum-2vo0msm2.png Fig. 6. Relationships between total DMSPp and P. compressum abundance and biomass in Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationships-between-dms-concentrations-and-abundance-23kad1s9.png Fig. 7. Relationships between DMS concentrations and abundance of nauplii and copepodites in the zooplankton of Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relationships-between-dms-concentrations-and-18395dlo.png Fig. 8. Relationships between DMS concentrations and chlorophyll a to pheopigment ratio in Niel Bay. https://scispace.com/papers/planning-at-the-interface-of-localism-and-mayoral-priorities-3o4xlu501g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-employment-and-employment-by-occupation-source-r6p23o5l.png Table 1: In employment and employment by occupation. Source NOMIS official labour market statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-decline-in-aggregate-wages-caused-a-sharp-1hnex2dz.png Table 1: In employment and employment by occupation. Source NOMIS official labour market statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-meridian-water-in-london-regional-2beg7ong.png Figure 1. Location of Meridian Water in London/regional context. Source: London Borough of Enfield (LBE 2013;9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timeline-of-case-study-3e01m25c.png Figure 2 for timeline). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-timeline-25vn1igy.png Figure 2 for timeline). https://scispace.com/papers/planning-for-opportunistic-surveillance-with-multiple-robots-4gbvu03yno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-approach-showing-the-three-levels-of-1plqfxuk.png Fig. 2: Overview of the approach showing the three levels of representation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-planning-time-seconds-varying-robots-and-varying-1103uixv.png TABLE II: Planning time (seconds): varying robots and varying number of waypoints with five percent obstacle density https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-planning-time-seconds-varying-robots-and-varying-3k014s3p.png TABLE I: Planning time (seconds): varying robots and varying number of waypoints with no obstacles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-setup-for-field-tests-74ddcfd1.png Fig. 8: Experimental Setup for field tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-experiments-environment-examples-t57ttk80.png Fig. 7: Simulation experiments environment examples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-plot-showing-plan-generated-for-two-uavs-and-four-1zrrb0bb.png Fig. 9: Plot showing plan generated for two UAVs and four waypoints and the tracked positions of two UAVs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-low-level-graph-gl-bc4cdmsc.png Fig. 4: The low-level graph, GL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-showing-mid-level-interleaving-search-2pbux6f6.png Fig. 5: Example showing mid level interleaving search https://scispace.com/papers/planning-tools-for-estimating-radiation-exposure-at-the-2z4fhvml6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-situ-dose-rate-as-function-of-time-at-the-tip-of-3988do0p.png Fig. 5 In situ dose rate as function of time at the tip of the TARPOS. Box indicates 1 hour after the first 1016 D-T neutron shot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-graph-of-total-upper-curve-and-54mn-lower-curve-ex-1hgcx576.png Fig. 6 Graph of total (upper curve) and 54Mn (lower curve) ex situ dose rates 30 cm from the snout of the polar DIM, as a function of time. The shot schedule consisted of three 1016 D-T neutron shots on August 1, September 1 and October 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-integrated-in-situ-doses-for-possible-maintenance-2ik660ry.png Fig. 8 Integrated in situ doses for possible maintenance activities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-table-of-54mn-ex-situ-dose-rate-30-cm-from-the-snout-2yii53e4.png Fig. 7 Table of 54Mn ex situ dose rate 30 cm from the snout of the polar DIM, as a function of time. The shot schedule consisted of three 1016 D-T neutron shots on August 1, September 1 and October 1 (not shown). 'Fraction of total' in the 3rd column refers to the ratio of 54Mn to total ex situ dose rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-flow-chart-showing-how-the-dose-rates-are-1lamirqk.png Fig. 1: Schematic flow chart showing how the dose rates are computed in AAMI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detailed-model-of-the-cryotarpos-and-3-dims-inserted-ybtmlfgv.png Fig. 3 Detailed model of the CryoTARPOS and 3 DIMs inserted into the target chamber during a shot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detailed-model-of-the-nif-facility-used-for-radiation-1dstm9jz.png Fig. 2 Detailed model of the NIF facility used for radiation exposure calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-situ-dose-rate-map-at-level-17-6-of-the-nif-1r31ibi2.png Fig. 4 In situ dose rate map at level 17'6" of the NIF building 1 hour after a single 1016 D-T neutron shot, a dose rate of 93.2 mrem/h can be seen at the tip of the TARPOS. https://scispace.com/papers/planning-learning-and-executing-in-autonomous-systems-2x955lwu7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-planning-operators-a-and-their-graph-12l1oylm.png Fig. 3. Example of planning operators (a) and their graph representation (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-integrated-system-1qw2loed.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the Integrated System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-comparing-four-versions-of-the-system-with-4zjze24t.png Fig. 5. Results of comparing four versions of the system with respect to successful planning (a) and knowledge transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-divisions-of-the-sensoring-system-a-and-its-internal-3r88dcy8.png Fig. 2. Divisions of the sensoring system (a) and its internal representation (b) https://scispace.com/papers/plant-photoreceptors-phylogenetic-overview-22aw5biad9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-the-photoreceptors-composition-in-the-1349pkkv.png Fig. 3. Summary of the photoreceptors composition in the different phyla. Gray boxes correspond to completed genome projects. Question marks represent the absence of photoreceptor sequence, probably due to the low number of EST. Minus marks correspond to the absence of photoreceptor sequence. Plus marks are used for photoreceptor sequences that are present in various numbers according to the species. The cells surrounded by bold lines correspond to a group of organisms in which the emergence and the evolution of a photoreceptor family are well defined. For the initials of the species refer to Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phylogenetic-relationships-of-the-cryptochromes-from-1bcwyfr3.png Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships of the cryptochromes from plants based on protein sequence alignments. Several bacteriocryptochrome protein sequences were used to root the tree. The bold lines represent cry sequences from Eudicotyledons. The main nodes corresponding to putative duplications are symbolized with a gray circle and a step number. All branches are drawn to scale and the scale bar represents 0.05 substitution per nucleotide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plant-photoreceptor-absorption-zones-the-21zg7e0w.png Fig. 1. The plant photoreceptor absorption zones. The wavelength ranges perceived by the different known and putative Arabidopsis photoreceptors have been are visualized. Note that 550–660 nm (yellow) does not seem to be sensed by any known photoreceptor, while 450–520 nm is absorbed by crys, phots, phys, and ZTL. Modified from Sullivan and Deng (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phylogenetic-relationships-of-the-phototropins-from-20ucy1nk.png Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships of the phototropins from plants based on protein sequence alignments. Phot sequences from prokaryotes were used to root the tree. The bold lines represent the phot sequences from Eudicotyledons. The main nodes corresponding to putative duplications are symbolized by a gray circle and a step number. All branches are drawn to scale and the scale bar represents 0.05 substitution per nucleotide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crys-phots-phys-and-ztls-primary-structure-domains-and-3eadc3z0.png Fig. 2. Crys, phots, phys, and ZTLs. Primary structure, domains, and consensus sequences. (A) Cryptochromes; (B) phototropins; (C) phytochromes; (D) zeitlupes. Each domain is represented on the schematic structure and on the consensus sequences. The 60% consensus sequences were obtained from the complete sequences. The 100% consensus is represented in boldface. The residues underlined are also conserved in the non–green plant organisms. The sequences in brackets correspond to regions that are variable or not present in all the genes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phylogenetic-relationships-of-the-phytochromes-from-3bpl6n71.png Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships of the phytochromes from plants based on protein sequence alignments. Several bacteriophytochrome protein sequences were used to root the tree. The gray and the bold lines represent the phy sequences from Gymnosperms and Eudicotyledons, respectively. The approximate length of the PsPhyO branch is represented by a dashed line. The main nodes corresponding to putative duplications are symbolized by a gray circle and a step number. All branches are drawn to scale and the scale bar represents 0.05 substitution per nucleotide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phylogenetic-relationships-of-the-zeitlupes-from-37qdn3js.png Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationships of the zeitlupes from plants based on protein sequence alignments. The bold lines represent the ZTL sequences from Eudicotyledons. The main nodes corresponding to putative duplications are symbolized by a gray circle and a step number. All branches are drawn to scale and the scale bar represents 0.02 substitution per nucleotide. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-induced-physicochemical-effects-on-a-poly-amide-thin-4q9usx5wdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ftir-analysis-from-h2o-plasma-modified-membranes-on-tyrjw979.png Figure 7: FTIR analysis from H2O plasma modified membranes: on the top, analysis of N-H and O-H bands at 3330 cm -1 for modified membranes at 10 W and 80 W; on the bottom, analysis of amide bands from1663 to 1541 cm -1 for modified membranes at 10 W and 80 W. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ftir-analysis-from-he-plasma-modified-membranes-on-2tnp5o17.png Figure 8: FTIR analysis from He plasma modified membranes: on the top, analysis of N-H and O-H bands at 3330 cm -1 for modified membranes at 10 W and 80 W; on the bottom, analysis of amide bands from1663 to 1541 cm -1 for modified membranes at 10 W and 80 W https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sem-image-of-control-membrane-and-b-afm-analysis-18k9avg6.png Figure 2: a) SEM image of control membrane and b) AFM analysis of control membrane 339 with Ra 63 nm. 340 341 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-images-from-he-plasma-modified-membranes-347-3usbm9yr.png Figure 4: SEM images from He plasma modified membranes. 347 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-from-h2o-plasma-modified-membranes-344-3sj34gpy.png Figure 3: SEM images from H2O plasma modified membranes. 344 345 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-afm-topology-mapping-h2o-plasma-modified-membranes-2zrv54n9.png Figure 5: AFM topology mapping H2O plasma modified membranes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-contact-angle-and-roughness-with-2lyuf1ud.png Figure 9: Comparison of contact angle and roughness with increasing time. Each value from contact angle and roughness represents the mean of three measurements in the sample associated with their estimated standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-afm-topology-mapping-for-he-plasma-modified-3adb7x7z.png Figure 6: AFM topology mapping for He plasma modified membranes. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-material-interactions-in-tftr-1hzt9qh6pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-c-tftr-heating-and-confinement-experiments-2deau5iq.png TABLE 1 : SUMMARY C* TFTR HEATING AND CONFINEMENT EXPERIMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-are-sca-t-t-e-red-a-t-low-dens-i-t-i-e-s-near-the-1ol8240u.png Fig. 11 are sca t t e red a t low dens i t i e s (near the recycl ing l imi t ) wh^re shot - to -sho t va r i a t ions in wall e f fec t s ( recycl ing r a t e s ) can have large e f fec t s on the required gas input . At higher dens i t i e s approximately 30% more gas i s required for bumper-limiter operation than for movealile-limiter opera t ion . A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2fs0ajk6.png Fig . 5 https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-response-to-the-application-of-30-mhz-rf-power-in-the-27wrtb941e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-plasma-current-ip-internal-1p930jhc.png Figure 3. Time evolution of plasma current, Ip, internal inductance, li, central safety factor, q(0), and rf power, Prf for a discharge similar to that in figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-evolution-of-plasma-parameters-for-rf-heating-278htybl.png Figure 2. Time evolution of plasma parameters for rf heating during the current rise (a) density profile, (b) electron temperature profile, (c) electron pressure profile, and (d) central density, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-stored-energy-and-electron-temperature-2lxljovv.png Figure 1. Evolution of stored energy and electron temperature for three antenna phasings: 14 m-1 (slow), 7 m-1 (fast), 7 m-1 directed (co-CD), Prf = 2.5 MW https://scispace.com/papers/plasmatic-cystatin-c-for-the-estimation-of-glomerular-2yfq9ork5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-for-6yld32so.png Fig. 4 Receiver operating characteristic curves for creatinine (closed squares) and cystatin C (open squares) if glomerular filtration rate estimated by measurement of creatinine clearance with 24-hour urine collection is used as reference https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-for-3nfuagli.png Fig. 3 Receiver operating characteristic curves for creatinine (closed squares) and cystatin C (open squares) if glomerular filtration rate estimated by Cockcroft-Gault equation is used as reference https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-between-1-cystatin-c-and-glomerular-2u1cg5ya.png Fig. 2 Correlation between 1/cystatin C and glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine clearance obtained from Cockcroft-Gault equation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-between-1-creatinine-and-glomerular-2ah9a03o.png Fig. 1 Correlation between 1/creatinine and glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine clearance obtained from Cockcroft-Gault equation https://scispace.com/papers/plasmon-induced-demagnetization-and-magnetic-switching-in-71sirsea2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-experimental-threshold-fluence-for-full-acqcuw8e.png FIG. 4. (a) Experimental threshold fluence for full demagnetization, demagnetization to 0.4Ms (both in zero magnetic field) and magnetic switching to 0.6Ms in the opposite direction (magnetic field of 5 mT). The threshold fluences are compared to the inverse extinction (1/E) of the nickel nanoparticle array. (b) Experimental threshold fluence (demagnetization to 0.4Ms) and calculation of the fluence that is required to heat the nickel nanoparticles to 600 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-d-magneto-optical-microscopy-images-of-the-nickel-31rnl8x7.png FIG. 3. (a)–(d) Magneto-optical microscopy images of the nickel nanoparticle array after illumination with a single femtosecond laser pulse. The pulse fluence is increased gradually. Femtosecond laser pulses are applied in zero magnetic field, and the magnetization is reset after each measurement. (e) Line scans of magneto-optical contrast through the center of the illuminated area. (f)–(i) Magneto-optical microscopy images of the nickel nanoparticle array after illumination with a single femtosecond laser pulse in a perpendicular magnetic field of 5 mT. (j) Line scans of magneto-optical contrast for this configuration. All measurements are performed with a laser wavelength of 660 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-femtosecond-laser-setup-with-a-dark-x82h8pdk.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the femtosecond laser setup with a dark-field magnetooptical microscope. The nickel nanoparticle array is illuminated by a single femtosecond laser pulse. Before illumination, the magnetization of the array is set by a perpendicular magnetic field. The optically induced local change in magnetization is imaged by recording light from a LED source after scattering on the nanoparticle array. Polarizing optics in the incident and scattered beams provide the magneto-optical contrast. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scanning-electron-microscopy-image-of-the-nickel-1ebwzcsc.png FIG. 1. (a) Scanning electron microscopy image of the nickel nanoparticle array. (b) Optical transmission spectrum. (c) Polar magneto-optical Kerr effect hysteresis loop of the nickel nanoparticle array. (d) VSM measurement of the saturation magnetization as a function of temperature, indicating a Curie temperature of about 600 K. The line represents a fit to the data using Ms ¼ AðTC TÞc, with A¼ 0.117 and c ¼ 0:37. https://scispace.com/papers/plasmonically-enhanced-spectrally-sensitive-coatings-for-31o55x2ux6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solar-efficiency-scan-a-solar-efficiency-of-zro2-2bunbzcm.png Figure 3: Solar Efficiency Scan. (a) Solar efficiency of ZrO2-InP core-shell particles (R = 1.0 µm) plotted against the volume fraction of the oxide. (b) Reflectance spectra and simulated solar reflectance spectra of ZrO2-InP at ρ with maximum and minumum solar efficiancy. These correspond to shell thicknesses of 0.1 and 0.3 µm, respectively. (c) InP semiconductors coated with ZrO2 or SiO2 (R = 1.0 or 0.6 µm). The refractive index of medium is 1.5 unless otherwise indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-single-particle-efficiencies-of-ge-microparticles-r-12rw2f4w.png Figure 4: Single particle efficiencies of Ge microparticles, R = 0.6 µm, coated with TiO2, SiO2, and ZrO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plasmon-enhanced-blocking-a-transmittance-of-the-flsnmoox.png Figure 5: Plasmon-enhanced blocking. (a) Transmittance of the primary near-IR solar band through composites of InP-Ge particles (R = 0.6, t = 0.1 and 0.2 µm). (b) Mixture of the particles with (0.5% each of t = 0.1 and 0.2 µm) showing blocking of transmittance at λ = 1.59, 1.63, and 1.69 µm (indicated by stars) and broadband blocking of λ less than 1.55 µm (red arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-core-shell-model-adapted-from-bohren-and-3qsjfkgc.png Figure 1: Model. Core-shell model adapted from Bohren and Huffman [14]. The thickness of the shell, t, is the radius of the outer sphere, R, minus the radius of the inner sphere, r. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solar-spectrum-cartoon-a-reflectance-and-1zvqb1nt.png Figure 2: Solar Spectrum Cartoon. (a) Reflectance and transmittance of a composite of oxide-coated InP-ZrO2 particles, (b) no composite, (c) composite of ZrO2-InP particles semiconductor shell. The particles (R = 0.6 µm, t = 0.1 µm) are well-dispersed in a non-absorbing, insulating medium with a refractive index of medium is 1.5 and volume fraction of 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/plasmon-reflections-by-topological-electronic-boundaries-in-3x2swahhaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-integrated-conductivity-s-of-a-graphene-sheet-at-o-1-32dmt321.png FIG. 3. (a) Integrated conductivity σ̄ of a graphene sheet at ω ¼ 830 cm−1. The sharp changes are caused by blocking or unblocking of the transitions involving bound states as a result of changing occupations of the levels as a function of the graphene chemical potential μ. For example, the plateau at 0.02 < μðeVÞ < 0.12 is due to the (blue) dashed-line transition in Fig. 2(a). (b) Integrated conductivity σ̄ of a sheet (s) and a ribbon (r) at T ¼ 0 and KF ¼ −π=2. Sharp changes at U ¼ 8 and 10 for ω ¼ ω2 arise from a transition between bound states. Parameters: d ¼ 10 nm, ω1 ¼ 83 cm−1, ω2 ¼ 830 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-dispersion-of-bound-states-for-a-sheet-blue-or-a-2nt3v72l.png FIG. 2. (a) Dispersion of bound states for a sheet (blue) or a ribbon of width 2d (the black dots) for U ¼ 5. The light gray are empty states in the continuum. The dark and medium gray are occupied states in the continuum. The last of these, with E between EF ¼ μd=ℏvF and Emin ¼ EF − ωd=vF, enable optical transitions (the arrows) of frequency ω. Transitions between bound states (the dashed arrow) can occur for some EF, e.g., EF ¼ 0 at which the state i is filled and the state f is empty. (b) The density distribution n̄ ¼ jΨj2 of the two states i and f for the transition indicated by the cyan arrow in (a). The state f (blue) is localized in the well, while the state i (orange) is extended. Parameters: Ky ¼ 2.5, ωd=vF ¼ π=2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ldos-as-a-function-of-the-dimensionless-energy-e-2cl5rng5.png FIG. 5. The LDOS as a function of the dimensionless energy E for the U ¼ 5 square-well model at the three fixed distances from the CNT: x=d ¼ 0 (red), 0.6 (green), and 1.0 (violet). The dashed line shows the LDOS of unperturbed graphene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-an-ultranarrow-plasmon-reflector-the-umd1cdss.png FIG. 1. Schematic of an ultranarrow plasmon reflector. The incident plasmon (blue) can propagate freely unless a local perturbation hosting a 1D electron state (the dashed arrow) causes it to be reflected (orange). The bound state parameters are controlled by the voltage Vg of a nanotube gate (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measurement-of-the-conductivity-s-by-s-snom-a-a-2vlor5jj.png FIG. 4. Measurement of the conductivity σ̄ by s-SNOM. (a) A schematic showing graphene (variable intensity gray) gated by a CNT (green) separated from it by a thin hBN layer. The induced perturbation is parametrized by spatially varying kF and γ. In the experiment, the AFM tip (triangle) is polarized by a focused infrared beam (not shown), which enables it to launch a plasmon (blue). The reflected plasmon (orange) causes an additional tip polarization, resulting in a modified optical signal backscattered by the tip and detected in the far field. (b) The s-SNOM amplitude images of the region next to the CNT for Vg ¼ þ1;…;−2 V and ω ¼ 890 cm−1. The twin fringes (bright lines) intensify and separate as jVgj increases. (c) The AFM topography image of the same region. Scale bar: 1 μm. (d),(e) The s-SNOM amplitude (s̄) and phase (ϕ) along the line perpendicular to the CNT; s̄ is normalized to the x ¼ −200 nm point. The best theoretical fits (gray) for Vg ¼ −2 V are included in (e). https://scispace.com/papers/plate-tectonics-and-mantle-controls-on-plume-dynamics-3hjzui6ik1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-at-350-km-depth-of-a-the-number-of-plumes-1m63u7vi.png Figure 2: Evolution, at 350 km depth, of (a) the number of plumes, (b) the cumulative lifetime of plumes and (c) the fraction of plumes interacting with ridges. (d) Temporal evolution of plume characteristics for Plume ID 6 in Model 2 (Fig. S3(a) and (b)): crosssectional area (brown), average (orange) and maximum (orange, dashed) temperature excess, average (red) and maximum (red, dashed) buoyant rising speed, buoyancy flux (blue) and heat flux (purple). The units of each curve is listed in the figure key. The duration of plume-ridge interaction is highlighted by the pink area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-time-averaged-cumulative-distribution-of-relative-1gm9lzft.png Figure 5: (a) Time-averaged cumulative distribution of relative plume velocities in all models and as estimated for Earth by Doubrovine et al. (2012) and OptAPM1-M16 of Tetley et al. (2019). The transparent red background rectangles highlight the cumulative proportion of plumes moving at less than 0.5, 1 and 2 cm yr−1. (b) Density plot of the temporal evolution of upper mantle RMS pair-wise lateral relative velocity distribution between mantle plumes in Model 5. Relative velocities are calculated in 5 Myr intervals. The thick red line is the temporal evolution of the mode of relative mantle plume velocities. The dashed red line is the temporal evolution of the average relative velocities between mantle plumes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-snapshots-of-a-model-1-b-model-2-c-model-3-d-1jbmhodg.png Figure 1: 3D snapshots of (a) Model 1, (b) Model 2, (c) Model 3, (d) Model 4 and (e) Model 5. Temperature is shown in the interior of the shells and topography at their surface. The white isotherm on (a) highlights small-scale convection. The red isosurface on (e) delineates basal thermochemical heterogeneities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-model-parameters-for-all-models-w-c-weak-crust-3bnigoro.png Table 2: Key model parameters for all models (w.c. = weak crust, depth dep. = depth-dependent thermal expansivity, Continent ages = ages of their initial configuration). Average plateness and surface mobility of all models. Modeled average and standard deviation of surface (vrms), mantle horizontal (vm), mantle net rotation (NR) and plume absolute (vha) and relative (vhr) velocities in the upper (UM, between 150 and 410 km depth) and the lower (LM, between 670 km depth and the CMB) mantle. Mobility and plateness are dimensionless. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-upper-lower-mantle-350-1000-km-depth-and-b-upper-3fi8yv8z.png Figure 4: (a) Upper-lower mantle (350-1000 km depth) and (b) upper mantle (150-670 km depth) plume tilt angle distribution for Models 2 and 5. The average tilt angle is shown as a vertical line. Insets show (a) near vertical and (b) tilted conduits (orange isotherm) in Model 5. Transparent black arrows show the direction of mantle flow. In (b) mantle flow deflects plume conduits in the vicinity of subducting lithosphere (transparent blue isotherm). Note that plume deflection mainly occurs in the uppermost mantle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-a-plumes-interacting-bottom-panel-3m6sbt28.png Figure 8: Distribution of (a) plumes interacting (bottom panel) or not (top panel) with ridges, (b) plume tilt angle between 150 and 670 km depth, (c) plume age, (d) plume temperature excess, (e) plume rising speed and (f) plume buoyancy flux versus plume absolute velocity for Model 2. The color scale shows the normalised density of mantle plumes on each plot. The inset on (b) shows a closeup view on the largest density of plumes of that plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-of-pressure-gradient-induced-plume-drifts-3kbmy9pa.png Figure 7: Examples of pressure-gradient-induced plume drifts in Model 2. Mantle plumes are highlighted by orange transparent isotherms and subducting lithosphere is shown as transparent blue isotherms. The velocity field is shown as black arrows. In (a), the position of the plume is indicated at each timestep with a red circle. Subduction (the thick black arrow shows the location of the trench) initiates on the left-hand-side, which results in far-field compression and horizontal lower mantle flow directed towards the plume. (b) Merging of two mantle plumes starting from the base of the mantle and propagating upwards. The camera is fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-a-the-radius-b-the-excess-3atodcj1.png Figure 3: Distribution of (a) the radius, (b) the excess temperature, (c) the buoyant rising speed, (d) the buoyancy flux and (e) the heat flow of mantle plumes for all models at 350 km depth. Temporal evolution of (f) the core and plume heat flow in all models at 350 km depth. Spikes in plume heat flow correspond to the occasional birth of highlyvigorous plumes. The grey areas highlight the range of observational values for each plume characteristic (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/platinum-tin-carbon-catalysts-for-ethanol-oxidation-19vxpxhulm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-characteristic-obtained-from-xrd-tem-and-2h5cklux.png Table 1 Structural characteristic obtained from XRD, TEM and EDS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-different-pt-and-sn-species-observed-3vxbfo2o.png Table 2 Percentage of different Pt and Sn species observed from the XPS data and EAS values. https://scispace.com/papers/platelet-proteolytic-machinery-assessment-in-alzheimer-s-4g9uphf13t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-proteolytic-system-in-9rwah1og.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the proteolytic system in autophagic and proteasomal pathways https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proteasome-concentration-measurements-in-whole-3vj20jy8.png Figure 3. Proteasome concentration measurements in whole platelet lysate. The bar graph represents the proteasome concentration in whole platelet lysate obtained from AD and control subjects (Mean ± SEM; n = 12). Although an increased proteasome protein profile was observed in AD samples, no statistical importance was obtained. The inset figure shows a typical standard curve for quantifying proteasome 20s concentrations. AD: Alzheimer’s disease https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-autophagy-target-protein-profiles-in-human-ad-and-3oz2gbsj.png Figure 2. Autophagy target protein profiles in human AD and in non-demented (control) platelet cytosols. LC3-I, LC3-II, and Atg5 proteins were probed using antibodies from MBL vendor. Beclin-1 was detected using Cell-Signaling antibody, and the p62 protein was detected using Sigma-Aldrich antibody. Each sample was analyzed three times and Mean ± SEM is presented. The protein band intensities were normalized to total protein staining. Student t -test was employed and only LC3B-1 showed significance (P ≤ 0.02). AD: Alzheimer’s disease https://scispace.com/papers/pm-wind-generator-topologies-btmhuvjkgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inner-rotor-radial-flux-construction-24zwl26w.png Fig. 1. Inner-rotor radial-flux construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-copper-weight-versus-power-for-direct-driven-machines-mrevpewm.png Fig. 16. Copper weight versus power for direct-driven machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-lamination-weight-versus-power-for-high-speed-37y8k2kr.png Fig. 19. Lamination weight versus power for high-speed machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-copper-weight-versus-power-for-high-speed-machines-3l1djhv3.png Fig. 17. Copper weight versus power for high-speed machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-total-volume-versus-power-for-direct-driven-machines-1q1qr7gy.png Fig. 20. Total volume versus power for direct-driven machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-lamination-weight-versus-power-for-direct-driven-3130my68.png Fig. 18. Lamination weight versus power for direct-driven machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-magnet-weight-versus-power-for-high-speed-machines-3b1i1adm.png Fig. 15. Magnet weight versus power for high-speed machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-axial-flux-construction-with-double-stators-fj9qzkxd.png Fig. 3. Axial-flux construction with double stators. https://scispace.com/papers/plunge-cylindrical-grinding-with-the-minimum-quantity-1dm85dbxxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diametrical-wear-of-aluminum-oxide-wheel-after-xby2uhqr.png Fig. 5 Diametrical wear of aluminum oxide wheel after machining after grindingAISI 4340 steel under different cooling-lubrication techniques and flow rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roundness-errors-after-cylindrical-grinding-of-an-aisi-3rmhkzoe.png Fig. 4 Roundness errors after cylindrical grinding of an AISI 4340 steel under various cooling-lubrication conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-grinding-power-consumed-during-grinding-aisi-4340-25qqophv.png Fig. 6 Grinding power consumed during grinding AISI 4340 steel under different cooling-lubrication techniques and flow rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grinding-conditions-25puhsje.png Table 1 Grinding conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-microhardness-below-the-ground-surface-after-grinding-2f9zmjnl.png Fig. 7 Microhardness below the ground surface after grinding AISI 4340 steel under different cooling-lubrication techniques and flow rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-values-of-surface-roughness-ra-parameter-recorded-3qr1g4ey.png Fig. 3 Values of surface roughness (Ra parameter) recorded after cylindrical grinding of the AISI 4340 steel under different cooling-lubrication techniques and flow rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-view-of-the-setup-of-the-grinding-22xr1bql.png Fig. 2 a Schematic view of the setup of the grinding operation. b Close-up view of the real wheel cleaning system. c View of wheel-workpiece-coolant delivery system https://scispace.com/papers/pmu-based-real-time-damping-control-system-software-and-1c9os2sgyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-flow-path-with-digital-and-analogue-components-3bduxsmh.png Fig. 1. Data flow path with digital and analogue components indicated. Note that data to the FPGA flows through the real-time section of the cRIO though this is not shown for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-hardware-controller-with-small-1mwrdybo.png Fig. 4. Performance of Hardware controller with small disturbance. Note that the decreasing magnitude of the damping signal indicates that the oscillation magnitude is decreasing in correspondence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-controller-response-with-voltage-angle-difference-2qqr0d9w.png Fig. 5. Controller Response with Voltage Angle Difference input captured using an Oscilloscope https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-area-test-network-used-pmu-measurements-are-taken-2piy9aut.png Fig. 3. Two Area Test network used. PMU measurements are taken from the buses indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-three-stage-architecture-refinement-process-2-i24lfqfz.png Fig. 2. 1. Three-stage architecture refinement process. 2. Initial architecture attempted 3. First architecture refinement 4. Final architecture as implemented https://scispace.com/papers/point-width-and-max-csps-1g4h2rlg0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-left-figure-illustrates-the-input-f-of-motbzw6q.png Fig. 1. The left figure illustrates the input F of Laminarization and the right figure illustrates an output laminar family L, where black nodes indicate elements of {1, 2, . . . , 8}, gray rectangles indicate members in A, and solid curves indicate four sets in F and L, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-lc-graphg-f-for-f-x-y-z-w-in-example-4-2-where-the-1wzyxd04.png Fig. 5. The LC-graphG(F ) for F = {X ,Y ,Z ,W } in Example 4.2, where the edges denoted by double lines are prefixed edges, and the others are swapped edges. Flipping and non-flipping swapped edges are denoted by dotted and solid line, respectively. The numbers 0/1 at the nodes denote the LC-labeling s in case of setting s(XY ) = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-black-nodes-indicate-elements-of-n-gray-rectangles-1r255h4t.png Fig. 6. Black nodes indicate elements of [n], gray rectangles indicate elements ofA, and solid curves indicate elements of F = {S,T ,U ,V ,X ,Y ,Z }. It holds that A1 = ⟨ST ⟩ = ⟨TX ⟩ = ⟨SX ⟩ and A2 = ⟨XY ⟩ = ⟨YZ ⟩ = ⟨XZ ⟩. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-lc-graph-g-f-for-f-s-t-u-v-x-y-z-defined-in-figure-2za3pox0.png Fig. 7. The LC-graph G(F ) for F = {S,T ,U ,V ,X ,Y ,Z } defined in Figure 6. {1}-flower (resp. {2}-flower) consists of the connected components included in the left solid curve (resp. the right dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-left-figure-illustrates-f123-c123-l14-c14-l24-c24-1psfsd8m.png Fig. 4. The left figure illustrates (F123, c123), (L14, c14), (L24, c24), and (L34, c34) and the right figure illustrates (F , c). A triple (28, 37, 57) a composable tuple to 135 since 1357 satisfies 1357 ∼123 135, 1357 ∼14 28, 1357 ∼24 37, and 1357 ∼34 57. Note that the output family F (described in the right) is the same as the family described in the left in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-left-figure-illustrates-l12-c12-l13-c13-and-l23-23yg1v5n.png Fig. 3. The left figure illustrates (L12, c12), (L13, c13), and (L23, c23), and the right figure illustrates (F123, c123). A pair (15, 35) is a composable tuple to 24 since 135 satisfies 135 ∼12 24, 135 ∼13 15, and 135 ∼23 35 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-left-figure-illustrates-the-values-of-a13-a14-a23-ql49uu7s.png Fig. 2. The left figure illustrates the values of a13,a14,a23,a24 before Step 1, and the right figure illustrates those values after Step 1. https://scispace.com/papers/pointwise-local-pattern-exploration-for-sensitivity-analysis-38rzoz1uqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-view-for-integrating-derivatives-into-global-3rxhw4qg.png Figure 10: The view for integrating derivatives into global space. The jittered points with different colors indicate the coefficient of ∂weight/∂height. As age increases, the coefficient increases. For the same age, the coefficient values are different for different genders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-extracted-local-pattern-the-red-point-is-the-17w7ssm5.png Figure 1: The extracted local pattern. The red point is the focal point. The three colored points indicate neighbors with different directions from the focal point. The angle θ shows the direction to the green point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-coefficients-of-price-weight-are-color-mapped-hm8qnflt.png Figure 14: The coefficients of ∂ price/∂weight are color-mapped and displayed in a scatterplot matrix of original attribute space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-global-display-using-star-glyphs-903-records-3ggr6len.png Figure 2: The global display using star glyphs (903 records from the diamond dataset). The color represents whether the data item is a anomalous local pattern or not. The filled star glyphs are selected local pattern neighbors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-users-can-use-a-scale-factor-to-shrink-the-size-of-20p57112.png Figure 6: Users can use a scale factor to shrink the size of data items for reducing overlapping and visual clutter. Some data items are shown in the original size by hovering and clicking the cursor. https://scispace.com/papers/polar-kerr-effect-from-a-time-reversal-symmetry-breaking-48nmx5ey4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-spectral-function-i-k-o-0-is-shown-in-2j4vhl0x.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The spectral function I (k,ω = 0) is shown in the full Brillouin zone for three different cases (from left to right): (i) normal state, 1 = 2 = 0 and small quasiparticle damping = 10 meV; (ii) fluctuating CDW state, 1 = 2 = 50 meV modeled by a large damping = 50 meV; and (iii) long range ordered CDW state, 1 = 2 = 50 meV ( = 10 meV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-kerr-angle-as-a-function-of-doping-x-3ha026mh.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The Kerr angle as a function of doping x. The doping is modeled with a linear dependence of the gap on the doping as (x) = (x = 0)(1 − x/0.18) [45]. For the upper panel we assumed the refractive index to be purely real (n = 1.692), in accordance with Ref. [45]. In the lower panel we assumed a complex refractive index (taken from Ref. [62]) as n = 1.692 − i0.403, leading to a dominance of the real part of the optical Hall conductivity. Note the change of sign between the two different assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-normalized-real-and-imaginary-parts-1mjcr818.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The normalized real and imaginary parts of the optical Hall conductivity as a function of temperature ( = 10 meV). The temperature dependence of the gap is modeled meanfield-like using the function (T ) = √1 − (T/TCDW)3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-1tvzyn5g.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The real and imaginary parts of the optical Hall conductivity as a function of frequency. The impurity broadening is = 10 and 50 meV in the upper and lower panel, respectively. The insets show the relevant frequencies (0.8 eV) at which experiments were performed so far [9,11,12,61]. https://scispace.com/papers/polar-motion-at-seasonal-frequencies-3el1xhw95l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-elliptic-motions-1d7fu2n3.png Table 2. Characteristics of the elliptic motions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-elliptic-excitation-portions-dashed-lines-2ggxxj1i.png Figure 4. Annual elliptic excitation portions (dashed lines) and excited polar motion portions (solid lines): Non-atmospheric part https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annual-elliptic-excitation-portions-dashed-lines-3lbfadee.png Figure 3. Annual elliptic excitation portions (dashed lines) and excited polar motion portions (solid lines): Atmospheric part https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-annual-elliptic-excitation-portions-dashed-lines-jyx6bbhl.png Figure 5. Annual elliptic excitation portions (dashed lines) and excited polar motion portions (solid lines): Total part https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-semi-annual-elliptic-excitation-portions-dashed-3erm5so4.png Figure 6. Semi-annual elliptic excitation portions (dashed lines) and excited polar motion portions (solid lines): Atmospheric part https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-portions-of-the-excitation-and-of-ephwo68k.png Table 1. Parameters of the portions of the excitation and of the polar motion. Units: arcsec for , , , and a, b; degree for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-semi-annual-elliptic-excitation-portions-dashed-712yqycm.png Figure 8. Semi-annual elliptic excitation portions (dashed lines) and excited polar motion portions (solid lines): Total part https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-semi-annual-elliptic-excitation-portions-dashed-12086xm3.png Figure 7. Semi-annual elliptic excitation portions (dashed lines) and excited polar motion portions (solid lines): Non-atmospheric part https://scispace.com/papers/polar-run-length-features-in-segmentation-of-retinal-blood-313jjbkr6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-vessel-segmentation-methods-1w5kazw7.png TABLE I. PERFORMANCE OF VESSEL SEGMENTATION METHODS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-result-of-a-proposed-algorithm-b-human-observer-2kwrl1wh.png Fig. 3. Result of (a) Proposed algorithm, (b) Human observer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-green-channel-of-image-b-contrast-enhanced-image-358m4w9r.png Fig. 2. (a) Green channel of image, (b) contrast enhanced image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-window-of-the-preprocessed-image-b-its-zvcpg3b3.png Figure 1. (a) A window of the preprocessed image, (b) its transformation in polar coordinates. https://scispace.com/papers/polarity-control-for-nonthiolated-dna-adsorption-onto-gold-1urgitciji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dna-loading-capacity-as-a-function-of-the-length-of-3u3lcqeb.png Figure 6. DNA loading capacity as a function of the length of the poly-T cap (DNA30-34) (A) or polyG cap (DNA35-39) (B). DNA hybridization kinetics probed by a FAM-labeled DNA as a function of the length of the poly-T cap (C) or poly-G cap (D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dna-adsorption-capacity-as-a-function-of-the-length-fec6c2sp.png Figure 3. DNA adsorption capacity as a function of the length of poly-A (A) or poly-C (B). DNA1 to 9 were used for (A) and DNA10 to 18 for (B). Note that 100 DNA per AuNP (13 nm diameter) equals to 18.8 1012 DNA/cm2 of gold surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-uv-vis-extinction-spectra-of-free-citrate-capped-3kgzl4fe.png Figure 5. (A) UV-vis extinction spectra of free citrate-capped AuNPs, AuNPs functionalized with DNA20 in 150 mM NaCl, and after assembly with DNA21-functionalized AuNPs with linker (DNA22). (B) Extinction ratio indicative of the assembly state of AuNPs with or without linker DNA. The x-axis includes AuNPs functionalized with DNA23-28. Hybridization kinetics probed using a FAM-labeled DNA (DNA29) with AuNPs functionalized with DNA1-9 (C) and with DNA10-18 (D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-dna-polarity-control-for-adsorption-34r66mk8.png Figure 1. Schematics of DNA polarity control for adsorption onto AuNPs. (A) Adsorption of thiolated DNA takes place via the thiol group. The arrow head indicates that a DNA sequence has polarity in terms of 3 and 5. (B) Non-thiolated DNA could be adsorbed on either end, or even via internal bases (not shown). (C) Blocking one end of DNA by forming a partial duplex might favour the adsorption of the other end. The blocking strand could be subsequently washed away. (D) Modular design of nonthiolated DNA sequences to study DNA adsorption and polarity control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-dna-sequences-used-in-this-figure-a-and-c-on-the-2j2yscbv.png Figure 7. (A) DNA sequences used in this figure. A and C on the 5 portion are highlighted in blue. Photographs of DNA-directed assembly using DNA40 (B), or using DNA41-43 (C). The tubes on the left contain the linker DNAs. (D) Kinetics of fluorescence decrease indicating hybridization between DNA29 and AuNPs functionalized in different ways. (E) DNA loading capacity using either the direct ss-DNA method or by forming ds-DNA first and then washing away the cDNA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-change-of-dna-loading-capacity-as-a-function-of-to8twbxn.png Figure 4. (A) Change of DNA loading capacity as a function of incubation time at pH 3 and pH 7. Note that the pH 3 sample was incubated at pH 3 for only 3 min before it was adjusted back to neutral pH. For the pH 7 sample, 100 mM NaCl was added at 16 hr. (B) Schematics of non-thiolated DNA adsorption by salt aging at neutral pH or by the low pH method. The blue block represents poly-A and the green part is intended to be in an upright conformation for further hybridization reactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adsorption-capacity-of-non-thiolated-15-mer-dna-by-ta7gay3b.png Figure 2. Adsorption capacity of non-thiolated 15-mer DNA by AuNPs using the low pH DNA loading method. The DNA sequences are listed in the x-axis (start from the 5-end). Note that these sequences are not included in Table 1. Note that 100 DNA per AuNP (13 nm diameter) equals to 18.8 1012 DNA/cm2 of gold surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-partial-list-of-the-dna-sequences-and-3ihrcwb2.png Table 1. A partial list of the DNA sequences and modifications used in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/polarity-mapping-of-cells-and-embryos-by-improved-lrkeuzcrn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-absorption-a-and-emission-b-spectra-of-zd4txkmi.png Figure 2. Normalized absorption (A) and emission (B) spectra of PA and PK in solvents of different polarity. (C) Emission spectra of PA and PK in liposomes of different lipid compositions. Probe concentration: 2 µM, lipid concentration: 200 µM (phosphate buffer 20 mM, pH 7.4). Excitation wavelength: 430 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-color-and-ratiometric-confocal-imaging-of-an-3040q290.png Figure 6. Two-color and ratiometric confocal imaging of an early zebrafish embryo (6h postfertilization) stained with 500 nM of PK probe, using 1.1 (A) and 2.5 (B) zoom (Objective 20x). Excitation wavelength was 405 nm. Emission was collected at two channels: 473-544 nm (green channel) and 562-650 nm (red channel). Scale bar is 50 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-emission-a-c-and-emission-excitation-b-d-spectra-of-1jvw2cmg.png Figure 3. Emission (A, C) and emission excitation (B, D) spectra of PA (A, B) and PK (C, D), respectively, in DOPC liposomes at different incubation time at room temperature without and with dodecylamine. Concentrations of probe, dodecylamine and lipid: 2, 20 and 200 µM, respectively. Excitation wavelength for (A) and (C): 380 nm; emission wavelength for (B) and (D): 475 nm; they are indicated as dotted lines directly on the corresponding spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-true-color-images-of-hela-cells-stained-with-10-nm-2kqcqb02.png Figure 4. True color images of HeLa cells stained with 10 nM PA and PK at different incubation times taken with RGB camera with an excitation at 395 nm. Scale bar is 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-pa-and-pk-probes-in-the-29nn376h.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of PA and PK probes in the context of the cells: polarity mapping by solvatochromism and potential reactivity with biomolecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-color-and-ratiometric-confocal-imaging-of-2zwbh1k5.png Figure 7. Two-color and ratiometric confocal imaging of different parts of a zebrafish embryo (32 h post-fertilization) stained with 500 nM of PK probe: ear (A), eye (B) and tail (C). Excitation wavelength was 405 nm. Emission was collected at two channels: GFP (green) and mCherry (red) channels. Scale bar is 50 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fluorescence-images-of-hela-cells-stained-with-20-16kfxbe5.png Figure 5. Fluorescence images of HeLa cells stained with 20 nM PK and measured at two channels in spinning disk mode: A – green channel (λ ex = 405 nm, λem =531/40 nm), B – red channel (λ ex = 405 nm, λem =600/50 nm), C– merged image of green and red channels, D – Red/Green ratio image with a pseudo- https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-insensitive-in-fiber-mode-locker-based-on-4pj3vhvf5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-schematic-illustration-of-the-proposed-1d264vg4.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Schematic illustration of the proposed CNT mode locked EDFL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-measured-il-and-pdl-of-the-in-fiber-5m165j9l.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Measured IL and PDL of the in-fiber microchamber when it exposed to the air and filled with CNT NMP solvent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-microscopic-pictures-of-the-femtosecond-1z9n53oe.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Microscopic pictures of the femtosecond machined in-fiber microchamber in a standard SMF 28 fiber at two orthogonal directions (a) top view and (b) side view of the microchamber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-spectrum-of-the-cnt-nmp-saturable-absorber-denof0ds.png FIG. 1. Absorption spectrum of the CNT-NMP saturable absorber measured https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-output-optical-spectrum-with-pronounced-kelly-side-3ffr02xt.png FIG. 5. Output optical spectrum with pronounced Kelly side bands indicating soliton pulse shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-measured-autocorrelation-trace-of-the-293oe8j8.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Measured autocorrelation trace of the output pulse showing pulse duration of 3.37 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-typical-pulse-train-of-the-edfl-with-a-repetition-3mggjejh.png FIG. 7. A typical pulse train of the EDFL with a repetition rate of 2.3 MHz showing a pulse interval of 420 ns. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-doping-of-graphene-on-silicon-carbide-58qxo0dlah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-online-p-bands-near-effor-qfmlg-and-qfblg-on-257xtukm.png Figure 2. (Color online) π-bands near EFfor QFMLG and QFBLG on (a,b) n-type 6H-SiC(0001), (c,d) semi-insulating 6H-SiC(0001) and (e,f) n-type 4HSiC(0001) and (g,h) semi-insulating 4H-SiC(0001) and (i)n-type 3C-SiC(111). The photon energy was ~ω = 95 eV. The blue lines show fitted TB bands. The insets depict the corresponding Fermi surfaces. Schematic representation of graphene in reciprocal space on the right shows directions of kx and ky vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-qfg-on-the-different-sic-substrates-ed-s86q750r.png Table 2. Properties of QFG on the different SiC substrates. ED is the position of the Dirac point with respect to EF determined by fitting a tight-binding model to the ARPES data. ∆E is the difference in the onsite Coulomb potentials and γ the interlayer coupling constant of the QFBLG samples. p is the hole concentration. Its value is given per unit cell and per cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-band-diagrams-of-qfmlg-on-sic-0001-a-n-12wz3nqx.png Figure 3. (Color online) Band diagrams of QFMLG on SiC(0001). (a) n-type 6HSiC, (b) semi-insulating 6H-SiC, (c) n-type 4H-SiC, and (d) semi-insulating 6HSiC. The bulk doping concentration of the n-type and semi-insulating substrates are ND ≈ 5.0 × 1017 cm−3 and ND ≈ 1.0 × 1014 cm−3, respectively. Note that the accuracy of the core level binding energies (approximately ±0.1 eV) is worse than that of the ARPES measurements (about ±0.02 eV) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-annealing-temperature-t-argon-pressure-1exf0l6p.png Table 1. Parameters (annealing temperature T , Argon pressure pAr, Ar flow rate φAr, hydrogen pressure pH2 , hydrogen flow rate φH2 , and annealing time) used for the preparation of the samples. Note that parameters vary between different growth setups so that the values given here cannot be transferred directly to other equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-c1s-core-level-spectra-of-graphene-on-3u1gsas7.png Figure 1. (Color online) C1s core-level spectra of graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) before (6 √ 3, MLG, BLG) and after H-intercalation (QFMLG, QFBLG, QFTLG). Each spectrum is analyzed in terms of components arising from the SiC substrate (’SiC’), the graphene (’graphene’), and (where applicable) from the two buffer layer components (’S1’, ’S2’). In addition, the spectrum of trilayer graphene (TLG) is also shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-plane-rotation-effects-on-sar-polarimetric-3r1aupsndl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nrmse-for-pdr-attribute-1vso21l4.png Fig. 5 – NRMSE for PDR attribute. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nrmse-for-pds-attribute-3e9d9nqp.png Fig. 6 – NRMSE for PDS attribute. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-euclidean-distance-variation-in-4-space-3h9khjsr.png Fig. 3 – Euclidean distance variation in 4 space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-polarimetric-sar-images-a-phantom-b-hh-c-hv-87cdgfjc.png Fig. 2 – Simulated polarimetric SAR images: (a) Phantom, (b) HH, (c) HV and (d) VV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nrmse-for-cppd-attribute-1xdzv4yl.png Fig. 4 – NRMSE for CPPD attribute. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-segmented-image-3ot7l955.png Fig. 8 – Segmented image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-angle-attribute-7uceu87p.png Fig. 7 – Variation of -angle attribute. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plane-polarization-rotation-4gxf5d5n.png Fig. 1 – Plane polarization rotation. https://scispace.com/papers/poles-de-competitivite-les-systemes-productifs-recomposes-3qtb2m6yvn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-les-mutations-du-systeme-productif-marseillais-tpd0l410.png Figure 1 : Les mutations du système productif marseillais https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-des-reseaux-dacteurs-a-lorigine-du-pole-scs-1i5c4y4p.png Figure 2 : Des réseaux d’acteurs à l’origine du pôle SCS https://scispace.com/papers/policy-and-performance-in-customs-4ke06b4tmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mi-lasso-poisson-3lpzji9q.png Table 7: MI-LASSO, Poisson https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mi-lasso-ols-2ohaadph.png Table 6: MI-LASSO, OLS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trade-facilitation-indicators-summary-statistics-3dtl6ivy.png Table 1: Trade Facilitation Indicators: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-and-number-of-observations-for-1l7qffv2.png Table 4: Summary Statistics and Number of Observations for the 1st and 80th imputations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-other-variables-summary-statistics-1483aza8.png Table 2: Other variables - summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/poling-assisted-bleaching-of-metal-doped-nanocomposite-glass-38asldo7co 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-the-current-flowing-through-the-sample-as-ehvy9r25.png FIG. 1. Evolution of the current flowing through the sample as a function of time during thermal poling at 280 °C. Top chart: Ion-exchanged sample No. 10; middle chart: Samples containing ellipsoidal Ag nanoparticles(No. 1: Thick line, No. 3: Thin line); bottom chart: samples containing spherical Ag nanoparticles (No. 4: Thin line, No. 4bis: Thick line, No. 9: Dotted line). The voltage was applied step by step up to a final value of 1.0 kV(top chart No. 1: First step of 0.2 kV during 2 min, then steps of 0.1 kV, 5 min each; middle and bottom charts: steps of 0.2 kV, 10 min each). Vertical dashed lines indicate the beginning of cooling of the sample with the voltage still applied. https://scispace.com/papers/policy-discussion-for-sustainable-integrated-electricity-25evg062js 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pricing-schemes-adopted-38prfdno.png Figure 7: Pricing schemes adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eskoms-conventional-electricity-expansion-model-1yxo7yl2.png Figure 1: Eskom’s conventional electricity expansion model (authors own compilation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-integrated-electricity-expansion-model-ieem-authors-1fh7s3gv.png Figure 2: Integrated electricity expansion model (IEEM) (authors own compilation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-daily-average-bus-voltage-in-per-unit-profile-1q4mpmh2.png Figure 9: Daily average bus voltage (in per unit) profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-daily-current-evacuated-per-line-in-ka-2ovesb31.png Figure 8: Daily current evacuated per line (in kA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2021-2024-planned-power-plant-decommissioning-eskom-mj858fu0.png Table 1: 2021-2024 Planned Power Plant Decommissioning (Eskom 2015b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2017-2020-planned-power-plant-capacity-increment-vvzxz0jk.png Table 2: 2017-2020 Planned Power Plant Capacity Increment (Eskom 2015b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2021-2024-planned-power-plant-capacity-increment-2s2kzh4j.png Table 3: 2021-2024 Planned Power Plant Capacity Increment (Eskom 2015b) https://scispace.com/papers/political-affiliation-affects-adaptation-to-climate-risks-31s4ni1d48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-a-regression-model-of-the-likelihood-of-3v78bewy.png Table 1 Results of a regression model of the likelihood of investing in flood-proofing with political affiliation and framing as explanatory variables (left columns) and with demographic controls (right columns) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-statistically-significant-p-value-0-05-differences-in-28y0zk54.png Fig. 1 Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) differences in flood risk perceptions and expectations of federal relief between Democrats and Republicans https://scispace.com/papers/political-influence-and-financial-flexibility-evidence-from-2p4yvzinw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-time-variant-speed-of-adjustment-this-table-shows-1jtl1l7y.png Table 5: Time-Variant Speed of Adjustment This table shows the results of equation (8), which investigates the impact of time-variant political factors on the time-variant SOA(𝝺) measures. The dependent variable is the change in leverage from the previous period. The independent variables are the interaction terms between the political factors and the deviation from the optimal leverage ratio, 𝐷𝐿𝐸?̂?. All the political factors are standardized first and multiplied by 𝐷𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑖𝑗,𝑡̂ , to ease interpretation of the results. The firm fixed effect is control. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. Variables construction is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-panel-a-shows-firm-1746ez6i.png Table 1: Summary Statistics Panel A shows firm characteristics and macroeconomic factors. Panel B shows the main measurements for political environment and political connection/risk. Panel C reports the frequency and size of capital-market access across seven political factors. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. Variables construction is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-political-connection-and-speed-of-adjustment-this-18u88hqs.png Table 4: Political Connection and Speed of Adjustment This table shows calculated SOA(𝝺) under various factors of political connections/risk. Panel A uses state ownership (STATE) as the proxy for political connection. Panel B uses CPC member/appointment (CPC_MEMBER) as the proxy for political connection. Panel C uses political exposure (EXPOSURE) as the proxy for political risk. Chisquared test is conducted for the statistical inference of the 𝝺 across subsamples. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. Variables construction is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-political-environment-and-speed-of-adjustment-this-1xjxi1mb.png Table 3: Political Environment and Speed of Adjustment This table shows the calculated SOA(𝝺) under various factors of political environment. The table is presented in a condensed pattern. Panel A uses affiliation of the state leader (AFF) as the proxy for political environment. Panel B uses origination of the province leader (ORIGIN) as the proxy for political environment. Panel C captures whether the provincial party secretary and/or governor eventually became a Politburo (BURO) member. Panel D uses political pluralism (PLU) as the proxy for political environment. Chi-squared test is conducted for the statistical inference of the 𝝺 across subsamples. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. The way we construct the variables is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-significant-change-in-political-position-financial-t9i397m5.png Table 8: Significant Change in Political Position, Financial Constraint, and Market Financing Condition Panel A reports the univariate tests using time-variant SOA for firms that experience significant changes in their political positions. Panel B reports the political impact on the speed of adjustment with the time-variant measurements for firms with high and low levels of financial constraint and for a subsample period with monetary tightening and monetary easing policy. We use z-score as a measure of financial constraint and use the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) set by the People’s Bank of China for the easiness of monetary policy. The dependent variable is the change in leverage from the previous period. The independent variables are the interaction terms between the political factors and the deviation from the optimal leverage ratio, 𝐷𝐿𝐸?̂?. All the political factors are standardized first and multiplied by 𝐷𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑖𝑗,𝑡̂ , to ease interpretation of the results. The firm fixed effect is controlled. Columns (3) presents the Chi-squared test for the comparison of the coefficients between high and low financially constraint firms, and column (6) presents the Chi-squared test for the comparison of the coefficients between monetary tightening and easing periods. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. Variables constructions is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-interaction-of-political-environment-and-political-3hcwfvhn.png Table 6: Interaction of Political Environment and Political Connection/Risk This table shows SOA(𝝺) under the interaction of political environment and political connection. The first half of the table shows SOA under the interaction of PLU and EXPOSURE. The second half of the table shows SOA under the interaction of BURO and EXPOSURE. Chi-squared test is conducted for the statistical inference of the 𝝺 across subsamples. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. Variables construction is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-exogenous-shock-with-emigrant-policy-this-table-jq0icbn9.png Table 7: Exogenous Shock with Emigrant Policy This table shows the two-stage least squares (2SLS) results using provincial-level emigrant policy change as an exogenous shock. The instrumental variable is the status of emigrant policy. We omit the first-stage results to conserve space. The second-stage model follows equation (8), which investigates the impact of time-variant political factors on time-variant SOA(𝝺) measures. The dependent variable is the change in leverage from the previous period. The independent variables are the interaction terms between the political factors and the deviation from the optimal leverage ratio, 𝐷𝐿𝐸?̂?. All the political factors are standardized first and multiplied by 𝐷𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑖𝑗,𝑡̂ , to ease interpretation of the results. The firm fixed effect is controlled. The table also contains statistical tests of weak identification, overidentification, and underidentification for the use of instrument variables. The values in parentheses are the standard errors. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. The way we construct the variables is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-of-speed-of-adjustment-this-table-shows-meq7kt4s.png Table 2: Measurement of Speed of Adjustment This table shows the calculated SOA(𝝺). Column (1) is the entire sample. Columns (2) and (3) are for pre-2003 and post-2003 subsamples, respectively. Columns (4) and (5) are for periods with high and low political uncertainty, respectively. Chi-squared test is conducted for the statistical inference of the 𝝺 between high and low political uncertainty periods. *, **, and *** denote significance at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% level, respectively. The way we construct the variables is detailed in appendix A. https://scispace.com/papers/political-determinants-of-economic-exchange-evidence-from-a-4lxrda1ipv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-connections-and-perceived-impunity-1u8nf3pl.png FIGURE 1 Connections and Perceived Impunity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-buyers-purchases-3o7v6jt9.png FIGURE 3 Distribution of Buyers’ Purchases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-formal-contracts-by-buyers-connections-3nj709qz.png FIGURE 5 Effects of Formal Contracts by Buyers’ Connections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-respondents-with-connections-37dtiw5g.png FIGURE 2 Percentage of Respondents with Connections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-sellers-connections-by-buyers-1lqjuw14.png FIGURE 4 Effects of Sellers’ Connections by Buyers’ Connections https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-treatment-effects-340kqkm0.png TABLE 5 Average Treatment Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-buyer-belief-of-seller-connections-driven-by-1n5uqr0f.png TABLE 4 Buyer Belief of Seller Connections Driven by Connection Signal https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-predictions-under-asymmetric-political-f9t0lnvr.png TABLE 1 Theoretical Predictions Under Asymmetric Political Connections https://scispace.com/papers/political-parties-clientelism-and-bureaucratic-reform-481iulw52l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-the-partial-effects-of-programmatic-parties-on-1rg4bqwp.png Figure A.1: The Partial Effects of Programmatic Parties on the Probability of Successful Institutional Development Ratings on Public Sector Reform Loans (from Table 2, Column 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-programmatic-parties-and-project-ratings-democracy-giqgy752.png Table 5: Programmatic Parties and Project Ratings, Democracy Subsample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-statistical-balance-between-recipients-and-non-yl35v1dh.png Figure 1: Statistical Balance Between Recipients and Non-Recipients of Public Sector Reform Loans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-the-partial-effects-of-programmatic-parties-on-rf5dr5xr.png Figure A.2: The Partial Effects of Programmatic Parties on the Probability of Successful Public Sector Reform Loans (from Table 2, Column 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-ordered-logit-regression-programmatic-parties-and-9xrcptu2.png Table A.1: Ordered Logit Regression: Programmatic Parties and Project Ratings for Public Sector Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-programmatic-parties-and-project-ratings-country-1ptwnszd.png Table 6: Programmatic Parties and Project Ratings, Country Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-different-measures-of-programmatic-parties-and-2f0nbyoy.png Table A.2: Different Measures of Programmatic Parties and Project Ratings for Public Sector Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-different-measures-of-programmatic-parties-and-ijuzo0xj.png Table A.3: Different Measures of Programmatic Parties and Project Ratings for Public Sector Reform https://scispace.com/papers/poly-3-4-ethylenedioxythiophene-pedot-coatings-for-high-44nrq1oxxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-19-impedance-modulus-a-1-khz-impedance-b-and-60-hz-2qm0k7mn.png Figure 4.19 Impedance modulus a), 1 kHz impedance b) and 60 Hz impedance c) of PEDOTcoated and bare electrodes obtained during in vivo EIS. All data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (n=5), * indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-changes-in-membrane-potential-channel-21fbcgfs.png Figure 2.1 Changes in membrane potential, channel configuration and ion permeability during an action potential. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-14-structure-of-pedot-pss-82-1b83ac9t.png Figure 2.14 Structure of PEDOT:PSS [82]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-schematics-of-an-example-of-doping-n-doping-x9iku3b9.png Figure 2.10 Schematics of an example of doping (n-doping) process in CPs: the introduction of the dopant D causes the addition of a delocalized charge carrier (electron e-) in the polymer (A), the charge is localized producing a lattice distortion (B), the localized charge associated with a lattice distortion forms a polaron P (C), upon application of an electrical potential the polaron travels along the polymer (D) [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16-schema-for-the-electropolymerization-of-pedot-11vlitty.png Figure 2.16 Schema for the electropolymerization of PEDOT doped with LiClO4 on the surface of the metallic active tip of an electrode. Adapted from [93]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-thin-layers-of-pedot-clo4-galvanostatically-1uws11jq.png Figure 4.9 Thin layers of PEDOT:ClO4 galvanostatically deposited in PC a) and ACN b) on SST microwires after 30 seconds of sonication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-impedance-modulus-a-cv-b-and-phase-c-of-pedot-2j9doyeb.png Figure 4.8 Impedance modulus a), CV b) and phase c) of PEDOT:ClO4 coatings on SST microwires processed in ACN and PC after 5 minutes of ultrasonication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-14-eis-a-and-cv-b-of-pedot-coated-electrodes-3swutfoc.png Figure 4.14 EIS a) and CV b) of PEDOT-coated electrodes processed in the different solvents before and after steam sterilization. https://scispace.com/papers/poly-acrylonitrile-co-n-vinyl-pyrrolidone-nanoparticles-4d7z11lpr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-assessment-of-cytotoxicity-viability-of-a-normal-156pqkby.png Figure 2. Assessment of cytotoxicity. Viability of (A) normal human keratinocytes (NHK) and (B) dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) following exposure to P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles or SDS for 24 and 48 h, respectively, was determined by MTT assay. Mean ± SEM (n = 3). Trypan blue incorporation of (C) NHK and NHDF following exposure to selected P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles or SDS for 24 h, respectively. Mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-genotoxicity-and-ros-induction-a-comet-3p4bvxhr.png Figure 4. Analysis of genotoxicity and ROS induction. (A) Comet assay of NHK and NHDF following exposure to P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles or Ag nanoparticles for 24 h. DNA damage is depicted as relative tail length (%) Mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. (B) Induction of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NHK and NHDF after 1 h exposure to P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles or Ag nanoparticles. Relative ROS levels were quantified by ROS assay. Mean ± SEM (n = 3) *p ≤ 0.05, one-sample t-test, with PBS (10%) in KGM or DMEM without FCS, respectively, as control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-and-properties-of-p-anconvp-12hiz4oi.png Table 1 Composition and properties of P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exemplary-electron-microscopy-images-illustrating-26nkkln3.png Figure 1. Exemplary electron microscopy images illustrating the tailoring of particle sizes of (A) PANcoNVP 14, (B) PANcoNVP 16 Ø51 and (C) PANcoNVP 17 Ø36. Scale bar represents 500 nm as depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cellular-uptake-of-p-anconvp-nanoparticles-with-1vml768y.png Figure 3. Cellular uptake of P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles with increasing hydrophilicity as revealed by fluorescence life time imaging microscopy (FLIM). False color images of NHK after 24 h exposure to (A) PAN-NRhigh, (B) P(ANcoNVP)14 and (C) P(ANcoNVP)24-NRhigh nanoparticles. Red: nanoparticles (signal of encapsulated Nile Red); Blue: DAPI staining of cell nuclei; Yellow: CMDR staining of cell membranes. (D) False color images of NHK after 24 h exposure to free Nile Red (magenta). Scale bar represents 20 µm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-penetration-of-nile-red-loaded-p-anconvp-2n8gu8tt.png Figure 6. Penetration of Nile Red loaded P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles in tape-stripped human skin. 90% stratum corneum of healthy human skin was removed by tape stripping and P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles were applied for 6 h. Penetration behavior was evaluated using static-type Franz cells. Semi-quantitative data evaluation of arbitrary pixel brightness units (ABU) in the viable epidermis and dermis were used to estimate the amount of Nile Red. The final penetration value depicted as fluorescence intensity/µg Nile Red was calculated according to the average intensity value, divided by the calculated amount of dye applied to the sample. Mean ± SEM (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-assessment-of-eye-irritation-potential-of-p-anconvp-3ozorf40.png Figure 5. Assessment of eye irritation potential of P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles. (A) Concentrationdependent increase of hemolysis (%) of red blood cells by SDS as reference determined by RBC assay. (B) Induced hemolysis (%) by P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles after 10 min. Mean ± SEM (n = 2-3). (C) Opacity increase and permeability decrease of bovine corneas after incubation with P(ANcoNVP) nanoparticles. TiO2 nanoparticles served as particulate reference. The final in vitro irritancy score (IVIS) was calculated and is depicted as Mean ± SEM. (n = 3) *p 6 0.05, ***p 6 0.001 ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. https://scispace.com/papers/polygonization-of-implicit-surfaces-with-constructive-solid-3vu3dkwvqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-using-vector-functions-to-represent-several-ism-2pnrj5t8.png Figure 3: Using vector functions to represent several ISM objects at once. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-upper-the-canmore-coffee-grinder-and-friends-lower-955ayi77.png Figure 8: upper: The Canmore coffee grinder and friends. Lower: American Type 4-4-0 (c. 1855) 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-splitting-schemes-for-3-d-triangles-wf6voc37.png Figure 5: Splitting schemes for 3-D triangles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-combining-blended-primitives-with-csg-operations-1ypse25i.png Figure 7: Combining blended primitives with CSG operations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-upper-wheel-before-and-after-postprocessing-lower-2o2regfd.png Figure 6: upper: Wheel before and after postprocessing. lower: The Canmore coffee grinder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-approximating-the-intersection-of-two-implicit-3o0m8gfn.png Figure 4: Approximating the intersection of two implicit contours. Left: p12 is a first guess. Right: iterating to get a more accurate approximation of x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-blended-hollow-cylinders-two-of-them-have-been-3m9dl7lb.png Figure 1: Blended, hollow cylinders, two of them have been intersected with orthogonal planes. The cylinders in the horizontal direction have rounded ends as they are ISM primitives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cubic-voxel-intersected-by-an-iso-surface-2oye0t1v.png Figure 2: A cubic voxel intersected by an iso-surface. https://scispace.com/papers/polymerized-alpha-antitrypsin-is-present-on-lung-vascular-xu8vyr3w0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immunohistochemical-analysis-of-endothelial-bound-2o7i6m1w.png Figure 3. Immunohistochemical analysis of endothelial-bound a1-antitrypsin (a1-AT) in autopsy sections of lung tissue from PiZ gene carrier with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)compatible pulmonary changes. A, Lung tissue changes characteristic of COPD. Both the endothelial layer and the inflammatory cells are immunoreactive with ATZ11. B, Close-up view of the endothelial staining with ATZ11 (1 : 50) of a small blood vessel. Background staining is also visible. Arrow indicates endothelial immunoreactivity. C, Immunostaining with ATZ11 antibody (1 : 50) of inflammatory cells in the alveolar lumina (indicated by arrows). These cells are also positive for immunostaining with a polyclonal antihuman a1-AT and anti-neutrophil elastase antibody (data not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immunohistochemical-analysis-of-endothelial-bound-3iggoria.png Figure 2. Immunohistochemical analysis of endothelial-bound a1-antitrypsin (a1-AT) in lung tissue autopsy sections from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases with wild-type a1-AT. A,B, Lung fibrosis and chronic inflammation. Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium is seen. Positive a1-AT endothelial staining with monoclonal ATZ11 antibody (1 : 50) is indicated by arrows. C, Only weak immunostaining with ATZ11 antibody of inflammatory cells in the bronchial lumen can be seen. Arrow indicates cell staining. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immunostaining-of-endothelial-bound-polymeric-a1-32ihjbfw.png Figure 1. Immunostaining of endothelial-bound polymeric a1-antitrypsin in lung autopsy specimens from controls (with microscopically and histochemically normal lung tissue). Representative pictures are shown. A, Specific endothelial layer immunostaining with monoclonal ATZ11 antibody (1 : 50) with no background and alveolar cell immunoreactivity. B, Higher magnification of endothelial immunostaining with ATZ11 antibody. Arrow indicates endothelial staining. C, The primary ATZ11 antibody was replaced by polyclonal antihuman neutrophil elastase antibody (1 : 100), which shows no endothelial immunoreactivity, but positive in alveolar inflammatory cells. Arrow indicates cell staining. https://scispace.com/papers/polymer-dynamics-in-bimodal-polyethylene-melts-a-study-with-3eua6xj9ta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nse-spectra-for-the-system-nt5365-nm5126-at-a-tracer-w7ezcfyx.png FIG. 5. NSE spectra for the system (Nt5365,Nm5126) at a tracer concentration ~a! 10% and~b! 87.5%. The solid lines show the results of a fit within the mode analysis. Notice: the smaller time window of the Saclay experiment is marked by a dotted line in~a! ~Jülich!. The momentum transfers from top to bottom areq5(0.037,0.055, 0.077, 0.115, and 0.155! Å21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relaxation-ratesw-p-obtained-from-a-fit-of-the-nse-18h7nhkt.png FIG. 6. Relaxation ratesW(p) obtained from a fit of the NSE spectra within the mode analysis versus mode numberp for the system~a! (Nt5365,Nm 5126) and~b! (Nt5583,Nm5130). The arrows mark the conditionpc 5Nt /Ne` . The dotted lines show the limiting mode numberspc 5Nt /Nc(F t) from left to right with increasing tracer concentration. The Nc(F t) are calculated from PFG-NMR diffusion coefficients via the Hess theory @Eq. ~21!#. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nse-spectra-for-the-system-nt5583-nm5130-at-a-tracer-32945re6.png FIG. 4. NSE spectra for the system (Nt5583,Nm5130) at a tracer concentration ~a! 10% and~b! 87.5%. The solid lines display the results of a fit within the mode analysis. The momentum transfers from top to bottom are q5(0.037, 0.055, 0.077, 0.115, and 0.155! Å21. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-diffusion-coefficients-measured-with-pfg-nmr-and-vwlywn3j.png TABLE III. Diffusion coefficients measured with PFG-NMR and the toT 5509 K extrapolated values for both systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-range-of-the-excluded-volume-interactionqc-21-f-t-as-hgqsctv7.png FIG. 11. Range of the excluded-volume interactionqc 21(F t) as obtained from separate fits~a! for the bimodal melts keeping theNc(F t) determined from the PFG-NMR diffusion coefficients fixed~Table V! ~b! for the monomodal melts investigated by Richtert al. ~Ref. 15! with Nc5150. The average valuêqc 21& for each system is marked by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-s-q-t-calculated-within-the-hess-theory-for-the-1rgkggls.png FIG. 12. S(q,t) calculated within the Hess theory for the system (Nt 5583,Nm5130) at ~a! F t510% ~best agreement! and ~b! F t587.5% ~worst agreement!. The model parameter are taken from Table V. The momentum transfers are from top to bottom:q5(0.037, 0.055, 0.077, 0.115, and 0.155! Å21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-s-q-t-calculated-within-the-hess-theory-for-the-system-pejh3zvw.png FIG. 8. S(q,t) calculated within the Hess theory for the system (Nt5583,Nm5130) at ~a! F t510% ~worst agreement! and ~b! F t 587.5% ~best agreement!. The model parameters areqc 2159Å and Nc 51585constant. The momentum transfers are from top to bottom:q 5(0.037, 0.055, 0.077, 0.115, and 0.155! Å21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-normalized-critical-segment-numbernc-f-t-nc-100-vbtcqnzd.png FIG. 10. Normalized critical segment numberNc(F t)/Nc(100%) calculated within the Hess model@Eq. ~21!# from the measured PFG-NMR diffusion coefficients for both investigated systems. The dashed–dotted lines are just a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/pooled-warehouse-management-4b25bbbc5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-exploratory-study-39shdr1n.png Table 3: Summary of the exploratory study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-pw-case-studies-and-interviews-3ews05is.png Table 2: List of PW case studies and interviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pooled-warehouse-context-3r73mkaz.png Figure 1: Pooled warehouse context https://scispace.com/papers/population-aging-in-india-facts-issues-and-options-20kt2rqp30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indias-growing-ncd-burden-2quf9p76.png Table 2. India’s growing NCD burden https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-steadily-increasing-life-expectancies-at-older-ages-2re18rp7.png Figure 1. Steadily increasing life expectancies at older ages https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-in-years-between-male-and-female-life-2vp48byf.png Table 4. Differences in years between male and female life expectancy at age 60 in 2011 in the 17 most populous states of India, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-countries-with-the-greatest-absolute-number-of-lenpnviz.png Table 1. Countries with the greatest absolute number of adults 60+, 2015 and 2050 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-number-of-older-indians-is-growing-rapidly-as-a-1c2avv5m.png Figure 2. The number of older Indians is growing rapidly as a proportion of the country’s population https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trends-in-male-female-differences-in-life-expectancy-3q00x053.png Table 3. Trends in male-female differences in life expectancy at ages 60 and 80 in India, 1950-2055 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-full-time-workforce-participation-rate-by-sex-and-3kxyboww.png Figure 3. Full-time workforce participation rate by sex and age, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-workforce-participation-by-age-gender-and-place-of-2etppzgq.png Table 5. Workforce participation by age, gender, and place of residence (%) https://scispace.com/papers/population-ecology-of-mule-deer-with-emphasis-on-potential-3kkrd1yxyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-home-ranges-of-4-radio-collared-mule-deer-in-1dhu1wpw.png Figure 12. Home ranges of 4 radio-collared mule deer in winter 1979- 1980 (prior to gas and oil activity at the Blackleaf- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-map-of-the-east-front-showing-3-low-use-zones-2-q1uxa3h9.png Figure 6. Map of the East Front showing 3 low use zones, 2 transition areas, and Swanson Ridges that were vegetatively and topo- https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-data-on-deer-hunters-and-deer-harvest-from-check-e3gjsl1i.png Table 11. Data on deer hunters and deer harvest from check stations on the East Front study area during autumn 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-origin-of-hunters-checked-during-9-days-by-county-p4u43j85.png Table 12. Origin of hunters (%) checked during 9 days by county and hunting districts in autumn 1980 on the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-chl-square-analysis-of-availability-of-vegetative-21p8xu0i.png Table 15. Chl-square analysis of availability of vegetative cover types among: low use zones and winter ranges; transition ranges and low use zones; and transition ranges and winter ranges3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-summary-of-chi-square-x-analysis-of-observed-deer-2ez47fht.png Table 16. Summary of Chi-square (x ) analysis of observed deer use vs. availability for 3 environmental variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-areas-km-of-population-units-total-and-primary-1ts6lkq4.png Table 2. Areas (km ) of population units, total and primary winter ranges, and associated transition ranges of mule deer on https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-number-of-male-and-female-radioed-and-neckbanded-3ay804f6.png Table 13. Number of male and female radioed and neckbanded deer marked, accounted for, and unaccounted for from 1973-1980 on the East Front from Birch Creek to Sun River. https://scispace.com/papers/polynomial-gsvd-beamforming-for-two-user-frequency-selective-16u9rucjod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-numbers-of-ccs-and-pcs-realized-through-pgsvd-24ucc3qw.png TABLE II: Numbers of CCs and PCs realized through PGSVD beamforming for antennas (M,P,N) at the source S and users U1, U2, respectively [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ber-performance-comparison-of-the-proposed-pgsvd-1qbvogb9.png Fig. 11: BER performance comparison of the proposed PGSVD-based and OFDM-GSVD beamformers, for Jakes MIMO channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-selective-two-user-mimo-system-2dzmpbui.png Fig. 1: Frequency selective two-user MIMO system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-entries-of-a-a-z-and-b-reconstructed-matrix-a-z-from-1mirhqp0.png Fig. 2: Entries of (a) A(z) and (b) reconstructed matrix Â(z) from the polynomial matrix factorization: U(z)C(z)X̃(z). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ber-performance-comparison-of-the-proposed-pgsvd-35u3xvc6.png Fig. 10: BER performance comparison of the proposed PGSVD-based and OFDM-GSVD beamformers, for full-rank and rank-deficient MIMO channel matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-channel-estimation-error-on-u1s-cc1-ber-2nzxq31b.png Fig. 9: Effect of channel estimation error on U1’s CC1 BER performance for {N,M,P} = {3, 3, 3}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-notations-1jks86e2.png TABLE I: List of Notations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-of-the-psvd-and-pqrd-algorithms-which-3isvig2y.png Fig. 4: Convergence of the PSVD and PQRD algorithms, which constitute the PGSVD algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/population-scale-nucleic-acid-delivery-to-caenorhabditis-b6cq260of5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluation-of-tissue-distribution-of-rnai-silencing-34nwcy7i.png Figure 3: Evaluation of tissue distribution of RNAi silencing in electroporated animals. (a, b) Representative images of BIG0106 [sid-1(qt9) V; Is(sur-5::gfp) I] and BIG0107 [sid-2(gk505) III; Is(sur-5::gfp) I] worms were taken 48 hrs after the electroporation of L1 worm populations with gfp-dsRNA of 1 µg/µL using 300 V 10 ms conditions. Images of "untreated" control animals (no electroporation, no dsRNA) are presented for comparison. Scale bar = 100 µm. (c) Levels of GFP fluorescence in both worm strains (n=15) after electroporation were compared to the untreated controls (P-values are noted, ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction). No significant differences in GFP fluorescence between untreated control worms from each strain were found. Red lines indicate means, blue boxes show 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers show the data distribution range. (d) Schematic of the presumed routes of dsRNA transport highlighting hypodermal entry as a primary site of initial dsRNA delivery by electroporation, followed by spread to other tissues in a SID-1-dependent manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-of-electroporation-for-delivery-to-the-1e6y5hfj.png Figure 5: Evaluation of electroporation for delivery to the animal germline and progeny. To further test the utility of this approach, we sought to identify whether we could, first, stimulate RNAi knockdown of endogenous gene pos-1 expressed in germline with robust phenotype (embryonic lethality) and, second, deliver guide RNA (gRNA) for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the endogenous dpy-10 gene. (a) Schematic of pos-1-dsRNA delivery to L4 worms by electroporation (300 V for 10 ms, 1 µg/µL of dsRNA in electroporation buffer with final volume of 50 µL) followed by phenotypic analysis of progeny. Animals were allowed to lay eggs for 24 hrs, removed from the lawn, and the proportion of hatched progeny was determined after 48 hrs. (b) Representative images of effective electroporation-mediated delivery of pos-1-dsRNA to sid-2(gk505) animals. Scale bar = 500 µm. (c) Schematic of delivery of dpy-10 gRNA to Young Adult (YA) animals by electroporation (300 V for 10 ms, 1 µg/µL of RNA in electroporation buffer with final volume of 50 µL) followed by phenotypic screening of progeny for evidence of genome editing (Dumpy or Roller). (d) Representative images of successful electroporation of dpy-10 gRNA in EG9888 animals that resulted in F1 progeny with visible Rol and Dpy phenotypes. Scale bar = 300 µm. (d) Illumina sequencing-based confirmation of Cas9-mediated mutations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-efficiency-of-electroporation-driven-gene-silencing-c8kwcw1y.png Figure 4: Efficiency of electroporation-driven gene silencing of endogenous genes is dose dependent. In order to test the effectiveness in non-transgenic animals, we targeted endogenous hypodermally expressed genes with robust RNAi phenotypes, nhr-23 (larval arrest, (a,b,c) ) and dpy-13 (shortened body size, (d,e,f)). (a) Impact of electroporation of nhr-23-dsRNA on the development of sid-2(gk505) worms treated at L1 stage and imaged after 48 hrs. Red lines indicate means, blue boxes show 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers show the data distribution range. (b) Proportion of animals scored as having either "normal" or "delayed" development after electroporation. (c) Representative image of worms show the nhr-23 silencing effect at 1µg/µL of dsRNA (right image), when compared to untreated worms (left image). Scale bar = 500 µm. (d) Impact of electroporation of dpy-13-dsRNA on body size of sid-2(gk505) worms treated at L1 stage and imaged after 72 hrs. Red lines indicate means, blue boxes show 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers show the data distribution range. (e) Proportion of animals scored as "normal" or "dumpy" after electroporation. (f) Representative images of worms demonstrate the dpy-13 silencing at 1 µg/µL of dsRNA (right image) in comparison with untreated control worms (left image). Scale bar = 500 µm. Asterisk (*) indicates groups with significant gene silencing compared to the untreated control (p - value < 0.05, ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-electroporation-conditions-for-3pbxdexp.png Figure 2: Identification of electroporation conditions for efficient delivery of dsRNA in C.elegans. To evaluate the effectiveness of nucleic acid delivery into animals, we used highly sensitive RNAi-mediated silencing of a GFP transgene following electroporation of dsRNA. (a) Synchronized L1 populations of BIG0107 [sid-2(gk505) III;Is(sur-5:gfp) I] worms (∼250) were electroporated with gfp-dsRNA of 1 µg/µL using favorable electroporation conditions. Animals placed in electroporation buffer without dsRNA or electric discharge were used as "untreated" controls. For each condition, GFP fluorescence intensity of worms (n=50) was measured in arbitrary units (a.u.). Asterisk (*) indicates groups where significant gfp silencing compared to the untreated control was observed (p - value < 0.05, ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction). Red lines indicate means, blue boxes show 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers show the data distribution range. (b) Three phenotypic categories of animals were scored in each condition group, including worms with "No silencing", "Partial gfp silencing", and "Complete gfp silencing" (all but neuronal cells).The electroporation parameters of 300 V 10 ms with the highest percentage in "Complete gfp silencing" category (59%) were chosen as the most efficient. n = number of worms scored. Representative images of worms from each category are shown, scale bar = 100 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/population-scale-patient-safety-data-reveal-inequalities-in-3yh62xpn2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-disparities-across-gender-and-age-a-paeai-values-11m3xw92.png Figure 3: Disparities across gender and age. (a) PAEAI values differ in men and women. Higher PAEAI indicates the incidence of a drug-related side effect has undergone a greater change during pandemic than pre-pandemic and that change cannot be explained by temporal trends. We find 10 adverse drug reactions show significant association with the pandemic only in men but not in women, whereas 31 are associated with the pandemic only in women. (b) Age differences in PAEAI. We find that adults have more drug adverse events whose reporting frequency was impacted by the pandemic, compared to the young and elderly cohorts. Pyrexia is significantly associated with the pandemic in both young and adult cohorts. There are no side effects impacted by the pandemic in both young and elderly individuals. The algorithmic approach detects six adverse drug reactions impacted in both adults and the elderly. The majority (28/35, 80.0%) of adverse events observed in adult patients are not found in other age groups. In contrast, there are 12 out of 18 drug reactions in elders are not found in adults. (c) Gender gap in adults (omitting reports with unknown sex). We detected 35 enriched adverse events in adults, and omitted premature delivery and 10 that were only observed in reports with unknown sex: leaving 24 with gender difference. Pre-pandemic gender disparities are increased in 21 out of 24 (87.5%) adverse events, in response to the pandemic. Of these 21 adverse events, 18 have more reports involving women than men, suggesting a disproportionate vulnerability in adult women for gender disparities. Regarding incidence proportion, we note that the gender gap is magnified in 70.8% of the adverse events (SI Figure S5). (d) Gender gap in the elderly (omitting reports with unknown sex). In 13 out of 14 adverse drug events (18 adverse events significantly associated with the pandemic in elderly patients, 4 only observed in unknown sex and omitted), a pre-existing gender gap is intensified during the pandemic. Five among these drug side effects (5/13, 38.5%) are reported in more males than females during the pandemic, while only 3 out of 24 side effects (3/24, 12.5%) in adults: indicating the gender inequality is mitigated in aged people in contrast to adults. With the onset of pandemic, gender discrepancy (in terms of incidence proportion) has worsened in 11 out of 14 adverse events where gender inequality previously existed (SI Figure S6; adjusted for population size). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-detected-adverse-events-a-1g596ww7.png Figure 2: Distribution of detected adverse events. (a) Distribution of adverse drug reactions across System Organ Classes (SOC). Values listed indicate the number of averse events associated with each patient cohort and are divided into groups by etiology of adverse events (Methods). In the overall population, nervous and vascular SOCs are most common, with nine and seven side effects, respectively. The representation of enriched psychiatric adverse events varies: four out of 16 adverse events in men (25%) and five out of 18 in the elderly (27.8%), compared to only two out of 38 in women (5.3%) and one out of 35 in adults (2.9%). There is one overrepresented and one underrepresented drug side effect in young patients (SI Figure S2-S3). (b) The proportion of female patients in the 53 side effects enriched in the overall population (omitting reports with unknown sex and excluding premature delivery which only occurs in women). In the majority (75.5%) of side effects, female patients account for a higher proportion of reports during the pandemic, compared to before the pandemic. (c) Changes to gender disparities in the 53 side effects enriched in the overall population during the pandemic (same 53 as in panel b). The gap in the number of reports for men and women is exacerbated during the pandemic in most (41/53) of the adverse drug events. We annotate the top five adverse events that have the largest increase (bolded), with the first number indicating the absolute difference in number of reports, and the number in parentheses showing the difference normalized by population size. For example, a normalized gap of 4.08 in dysponea indicates there are 4.08 more reports per thousand women than per thousand men (negative numbers indicate the reporting frequency in women is smaller than in men, even though the absolute number of reports may be higher in women). Considering incidence proportion (the number of reports per thousand patients) of adverse events (SI Figure S4): we find that the gender disparity is enlarged in 33 out of 53 the adverse drug reactions during the pandemic, consistent with the trend observed in the absolute number of reports. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-population-scale-model-of-patient-drug-safety-a-our-1a57y17l.png Figure 1: Population-scale model of patient drug safety. (a) Our algorithmic approach detects drug safety signals that are significantly associated with the pandemic by leveraging large-scale adverse event (AE) reports’ information about drugs and associated adverse reactions. The approach can be applied to any patient cohort; in the overall patient population, it identifies 64 among 19,193 adverse events. (b) Disproportionality estimation. Adverse events with p-value < 0.05 (Bonferroni-corrected) and whose 95% CI of ROR does not cross one are retained. In the overall population, this yields 105 adverse events: 72 enriched (overrepresented) and 33 purified (underrepresented). (c) AE reporting trajectories. We define PAEAI to characterize the temporal trend of adverse events’ reporting frequency (Methods) and only keep those with positive PAEAI, indicating a large margin between expected and observed reporting. Shown are trajectories of cardiac arrest (left; PAEAI =1.05; R2=0.49; keep) and palpitations (right; PAEAI = -0.54; R2=0.81; drop). (d) Drug interference. We first examine the association between adverse events and drugs, if significant, then measure the association between the formed drug-adverse event pair and the pandemic. We only retain adverse events that are significantly associated with at least one drug that makes the established pair significantly related to the pandemic (scenario 3). (e)-(f) Demographic information before and during the pandemic. The width of bars is proportional to the number of AE reports. Shown are adverse drug reactions with PAEAI > 0.8 and are enriched in women. The total number of reports in women significantly increased (p-value < 0.05, Student’s t-test) during the pandemic, but remained largely unchanged in men, implying an increased gender gap. The difference between widths of input and output streams in women/men are due to reports with unknown age. ROR: reporting odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AR(2): second-order autoregressive model (see Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gender-differences-in-the-drug-adverse-event-491ji5of.png Figure 4: Gender differences in the drug-adverse event association network. Networks constructed from drug-adverse event associations disproportionally enriched in women or men. Nodes represent adverse drug reactions (red circles) and drugs (squares). Node color of drugs is determined by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) [65], dividing drugs into different groups according to the organ on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Only nodes with at least one link are shown. Layout is determined by the Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm and manually adjusted for clarity of display. (a) Drug-adverse event associations enriched in women during the pandemic more than would have been expected had the pandemic not occurred. (b) Drug-adverse event associations enriched in men during the pandemic more than would have been expected had the pandemic not occurred. The network in women has more edges (169 associations) than in men (51 associations), suggesting there are significant levels of drug safety inequities that disproportionately impacted women during the pandemic, compared to men. Associations between cardiac arrest and nervous system drugs are found in both networks. A link between Remdesivir and respiratory failure is found in male but not in female patients. https://scispace.com/papers/population-growth-agricultural-intensification-induced-1pdkwsi8xx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparative-statics-of-the-steady-state-constant-2zfv4n5d.png Table I Comparative statics of the steady state-constant returns to scale case https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-statics-of-the-steady-state-decreasing-1i1zc49l.png Table 2 Comparative statics of the steady state-decreasing returns to scale case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-a-reduction-in-pk-28m82pkv.png Fig. 1. Effect of a reduction in PK· https://scispace.com/papers/population-size-extrapolation-in-relational-probabilistic-1ufp9pcjin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pmln-q-n-and-pmln-r-a1-n-for-a3-0-66-and-0-73-for-25m4lvwv.png Fig. 6. PMLN (q | n) and PMLN (r(A1) | n) for α3 = 0.66 and 0.73, for Example 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-p-q-n-in-example-4-2x7cx7t6.png Fig. 2. P (q | n) in Example 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pmln-r-a1-a3-in-an-mln-for-various-population-sizes-n-17hls1dg.png Fig. 5. PMLN (r(A1) | α3) in an MLN for various population sizes n, for Example 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sigmoids-of-polynomials-of-n-the-population-size-n-is-2tash6fs.png Fig. 8. Sigmoids of polynomials of n. The population size, n, is on the x-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-q-n-in-example-5-25x8a2vn.png Fig. 3. P (q | n) in Example 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observed-p-25-age-p-45-n-from-the-movielens-dataset-mdf5596v.png Fig. 7. Observed P (25 < Age(p) < 45 | n) from the Movielens dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pmln-q-a3-in-an-mln-for-various-population-sizes-n-for-egxijkif.png Fig. 4. PMLN (q | α3) in an MLN for various population sizes n, for Example 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-running-example-as-a-naive-bayes-b-logistic-regression-32wxy488.png Fig. 1. Running example as (a) näıve Bayes (b) logistic regression with independent priors for each R(x) and (c) Markov network. On the top are the networks using plate notation, where plates [1], drawn as rectangles, correspond to logical variables. On the bottom are the groundings for the population {A1, A2, . . . , An}. https://scispace.com/papers/population-structure-and-genetic-diversity-of-trout-3prpkgofqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neighbor-joining-tree-constructed-from-chord-distances-15fgqtj3.png Fig. 3 Neighbor joining tree constructed from chord distances (Dce) using allele frequencies from 16 microsatellite loci listed in Table 3. Bootstrap support above 65% (10,000 replicates) is indicated by gray branches. Russian River sites which are also in the Central California Coast ESU are indicated by bolded branches. Abbreviations for Russian River sites and numbers corresponding to other rivers are found in Tables 1 and 2, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-out-of-basin-sites-and-samples-from-hzcd6axp.png Table 2 Description of out of basin sites and samples from Garza et al. (2004) that were used for comparisons among watersheds https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-loci-used-in-this-study-1x9mrvor.png Table 3 Description of loci used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/positioning-mentoring-as-a-coach-development-tool-1xjpemumq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-key-questions-3-18utfg8b.png Figure 1: Key Questions 3 https://scispace.com/papers/positioning-as-service-for-5g-iot-networks-d0ahiisa64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3d-positioning-using-5g-c-ran-and-wireless-sensors-37agcapi.png Fig. 4. 3D Positioning using 5G C-RAN and Wireless Sensors Network machine learning results of each access points have been normalized using Min-Max normalization method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-positioning-as-a-service-for-5g-iot-networks-1ijw3xxc.png Fig. 1. Positioning as a Service for 5G IoT networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-5g-c-ran-setup-on-gns3-and-wireless-sensor-network-3epl5ywd.png Fig. 3. 5G C-RAN setup on GNS3 and Wireless Sensor Network connected to OpenDaylight SDN controller https://scispace.com/papers/pose-estimation-and-segmentation-of-people-in-3d-movies-n5ma9fcpzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-precision-recall-curves-for-person-detection-using-1xvrns67.png Figure 4. Precision-recall curves for person detection using appearance (HOG) and disparity (HOGdisp) based detectors, as well as the jointly trained appearance & disparity based detector (HOGcomb). Note that the detectors using disparity cues have an almost perfect precision until around 35% recall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-steps-of-our-proposed-framework-f82lj6ra.png Figure 1. Illustration of the steps of our proposed framework on a sample frame from the movie “StreetDance”. We compute the disparity map (b) from the stereo pair. Occlusion-aware unary costs based on disparity and articulated pose mask are computed for all the people detected in the scene. In (c) we show the unary cost for the person labelled 1. Pairwise smoothness costs computed from disparity, motion, and colour features are shown in (d). The range of values in (b,c,d) is denoted by the red (low) - blue (high) spectrum of colours. The estimated articulated pose for person 1 is shown in (e). (f) shows the final segmentation result, where each colour represents a unique person, and the numbers denote the front (0) to back (4) ordering of people. (Best viewed in colour.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluating-pose-estimation-we-report-global-pcp-3hqhzktm.png Table 1. Evaluating pose estimation. We report global PCP scores as and individual values for three types of body parts, as in [41]. We also evaluate the upper-body model from [41] trained on the Buffy dataset. The numbers in bold indicate the best performance. The combination of appearance and disparity features (HOGcomb) outperforms the individual estimators (HOG, HOGdisp). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-pixel-wise-person-segmentation-we-used-1rml51t3.png Table 2. Evaluation of pixel-wise person segmentation. We used the intersection vs. union score, which is the overall percentage of pixels correctly classified. Our method, which uses disparity, colour, and motion features, along with pose likelihoods performs better than the others, notably 14% compared to the baseline [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-results-on-images-from-the-movie-2m2ojvcd.png Figure 5. Qualitative results on images from the movie “StreetDance”. Each row shows the original image and the corresponding segmentation. Rows 1 and 2 demonstrate successful handling of occlusion between several people. The method can also handle non-trivial poses, as shown by Rows 3 and 4. The segmentation results are generally accurate, although some inaccuracies still remain on difficult examples. For instance, in Row 1, the segmentation is leaking into background for persons 3 and 5, due to the weak disparity cue for these people far away from the camera. The numbers denote the front (low values) to back (high values) ordering of people. (Best viewed in colour.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-poses-and-masks-on-sample-frames-given-a-35z2qq3w.png Figure 3. Estimated poses and masks on sample frames. Given a pose estimate (a), we compute a pose-specific mask (b) using permixture part masks learnt from manually segmented training data. In (c) we show a scaled version of the masks, doubling the actual distances between part masks. This visually explains how each per-mixture mask is contributing to the final mask. In (b,c), the cost for a pixel to take a person label is denoted by the red (low) - blue (high) spectrum of colours. (Best viewed in colour.) https://scispace.com/papers/possessions-and-memories-2skh742bd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visual-of-the-four-different-kinds-of-relations-2kso7f0e.png Figure 1. Visual of the four different kinds of relations between possessions and memories, C1 and C2 represent a connection between possession and memory that still exists, from an object or memory perspective respectively. C3 and C4 have lost the connection (temporarily or permanently) between possession and memory, and either the object or the memory remains. https://scispace.com/papers/post-earnings-announcement-drift-in-greece-n6wa01fa7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-figure-median-10-day-car-to-earnings-surprise-using-2tgy6xcn.png Fig. 4. Figure median 10-day CAR to earnings surprise using Surp for measure of earnings surprise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-figure-mean-10-day-car-to-earnings-surprise-using-surp-1fnp3qvm.png Fig. 5. Figure mean 10-day CAR to earnings surprise using Surp for measure of earnings surprise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pead-in-ase-post-ifrs-period-using-market-adjusted-1rlyg3gu.png Fig. 8. PEAD in ASE post-IFRS period using market-adjusted return benchmark. Note: This figure PEAD over the post-IFRS period using the market-adjusted return benchmark using a buy and hold metric. The earnings surprise benchmark used here is the consensus analyst forecast benchmark of Eq. (2) in text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pead-in-ase-pre-ifrs-using-market-adjusted-benchmark-16bvjurh.png Fig. 7. PEAD in ASE pre IFRS using market adjusted benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-earnings-surprise-versus-3-day-pead-using-248akhyu.png Fig. 3. Plot of earnings surprise versus 3-day PEAD using outstanding analyst forecast benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pead-regression-using-10-day-buy-and-hold-abnormal-1xjor66m.png Table 2. PEAD regression using 10 day buy and hold abnormal returns using equivalent size-quartile benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-ase-sample-2001-2007-12p1zonv.png Table 1. Summary statistics for ASE sample 2001–2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ase-index-over-our-sample-period-p8y30gyv.png Fig. 1. ASE index over our sample period. https://scispace.com/papers/postburning-legume-seeding-in-the-flooding-pampas-argentina-5bux50rm04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weed-cover-2-months-after-burning-130n9uel.png Table 1. Weed cover 2 months after burning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cover-changes-occurred-throughout-the-experimental-21qqg0fp.png Fig. 1. Cover changes occurred throughout the experimental time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-incidence-and-severity-of-uromyces-loti-in-leaflets-of-mvnk1msa.png Fig. 4. Incidence and severity of Uromyces loti in leaflets of Lotus tenuis a) in associate growth with P. quadrifarium plants, b) growing in the area between P. quadrifarium plants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pathogens-on-lotus-tenuis-in-a-24-month-period-30y8ryif.png Fig. 3. Pathogens on Lotus tenuis in a 24-month period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dry-biomass-kg-m-2-of-treatments-with-or-without-lotus-380q2dgc.png Fig. 2. Dry biomass (kg m-2) of treatments with or without lotus. https://scispace.com/papers/potassium-adsorption-behavior-on-hcp-cobalt-as-model-systems-3332n9y8hr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-and-side-view-of-the-favorable-adsorption-1lrcsao0.png Fig. 2 Top and side view of the favorable adsorption configurations of K on (a) Co(0001), (b) Co(10-10) and (c) Co(10-11). All stable adsorption sites are indicated in the top figures (see text for more information). The Co surface atoms (top layer) are colored green, and blue for layers below. K atom is in purple, and similarly hereinafter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-and-side-view-of-most-the-favorable-adsorption-2qjoznsb.png Fig. 4 Top and side view of most the favorable adsorption configurations of K on (a) Co(11-20), (b) Co(11-21), (c) Co(11-22) and (d) Co(11-24). All stable adsorption sites are indicated in the top figures (see text for more information). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-equilibrium-shape-of-hcp-co-obtained-by-wulff-1849wduo.png Fig. 1 Equilibrium shape of hcp Co obtained by Wulff construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-and-side-view-of-the-most-favorable-adsorption-39bm67i3.png Fig. 3 Top and side view of the most favorable adsorption configurations of K on (a) Co(10-12), (b) Co(10-15) and (c) Co(21-30). All stable adsorption sites are indicated in the top figures (see text for more information). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adsorption-energies-and-structural-parameters-for-k-2pgpxu3n.png Table 3. Adsorption energies and structural parameters for K on Co surfaces at different coverages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adsorption-energies-gibbs-free-energy-changes-upon-3ubbl94m.png Table 2. Adsorption energies, Gibbs free energy changes upon adsorption and structural parameters for K on different Co surfaces, the adsorption sites are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-surface-energies-and-distribution-of-3ky0n9lx.png Table 1. Calculated surface energies and distribution of facets on hcp Co based on the Wulff construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-difference-electron-density-plot-for-k-on-a-co-0001-f-2etp5jzw.png Fig. 5 Difference electron density plot for K on (a) Co(0001) (F site), (b) Co(10-11) (B5) and (c) Co(10-12) (B6). The Co and K atom positions in the cut plane are indicated by filled circles (blue) together with the directions of the cut plane with n being the surface normal. The scale on the right indicates electron densities (electrons/Å3). https://scispace.com/papers/potential-co2-savings-by-increasing-truck-size-a-korean-case-5citp5bbpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-break-even-distances-of-pickup-and-delivery-trucks-1bll8o6t.png Fig. 6. Break-even Distances of Pickup and Delivery Trucks (group 1): (a) Pickup and Delivery (# of Box = 10,000), (b) Pickup and Delivery (# of Box = 20,000), (c) Pickup and Delivery (# of Box = 50,000), (d) Pickup and Delivery (# of Box = 100,000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-break-even-distances-of-pallet-shipping-trucks-group-2-3lqw4av5.png Fig. 7. Break-even Distances of Pallet Shipping Trucks (group 2): (a) Pallets (# of Pallet = 2,500), (b) Pallets (# of Pallet = 2,500), (c) Pallets (# of Pallet = 8,000), (d) Pallets (# of Pallet = 8,000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cost-structure-for-intermodal-system-and-truck-only-3omqnocd.png Fig. 1. Cost Structure for Intermodal System and Truck-only System (Kim and Van Wee, 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-concept-of-break-even-distance-in-a-comparison-of-123sv4lz.png Fig. 2. Concept of Break-even Distance in a Comparison of Truck Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-strategy-for-potential-co2-reduction-for-group-2-2bq0vzfb.png Table 2. Strategy for Potential CO2 Reduction for Group 2: Pallet Shipping Trucks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-break-even-distances-of-container-shipping-trucks-2gopz09k.png Fig. 8. Break-even Distances of Container Shipping Trucks (group 3): (a) Containers (700 TEU), (b) Containers (700 TEU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vehicle-classification-by-the-korean-ministry-of-land-1c52n3t5.png Fig. 3. Vehicle Classification by the Korean Ministry of Land, InfraStructure, and Transport (MLIT, 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-strategies-policy-options-to-reduce-break-even-3m5fa6dh.png Fig. 9. Strategies (policy options) to Reduce Break-even Distances https://scispace.com/papers/potential-depression-and-antidepressant-response-biomarkers-54nfha3nb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-human-lymphoblast-cell-lines-from-healthy-control-1jipul56.png Table 1 Human lymphoblast cell lines from healthy control and depressed subjects who remitted and or did not remit to antidepressant treatment https://scispace.com/papers/potential-ergogenic-activity-of-grape-juice-in-runners-e6orauo7hq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-groups-3akhf791.png Table 1 - Baseline characteristics of the groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-red-grape-juice-on-physical-performance-1h6yisnx.png Table 2 - Effects of red grape juice on physical performance tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-red-grape-juice-on-immunocompetence-1wiq6dyu.png Table 3 - Effects of red grape juice on immunocompetence markers and muscle damage enzymes. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-role-of-compressional-structures-in-generating-12tpufprvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sleeve-friction-versus-depth-for-site-a-n2-pm07-a-28eul1tq.png Figure 10. Sleeve friction versus depth for site a) N2-PM07-A, b) N2-PM35-A, c) N2-PM35-B, d) N2-PM35-C and e) N2-PM35-D. The grey arrows indicate the sediment flow and the red ones the remoulded sediments corresponding to the base of the slope failure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dissipation-of-the-initial-impulsion-generated-by-r5dvimev.png Figure 9. Dissipation of the initial impulsion generated by the penetration of the piezometer PZA b) Hydraulic gradient for the site PZA (100 hours after installation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sketch-of-the-internal-architecture-of-the-failure-3ebmabqd.png Figure 11. Sketch of the internal architecture of the failure zone based on the CPTUs data and the chirp profile CH04. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-uninterpreted-and-b-interpreted-profile-obtained-1y1seuyd.png Figure 12. a) Uninterpreted and b) interpreted profile obtained from the 3D seismic cube showing the upper compressive structural zone below the submarine slope failure (Profile A-A: for location see Figure 2): black lines correspond to deformed reflectors corresponding to uplift sediment, red lines show deposition of bedded sediments during the uplift process and dashed lines correspond to 3 major faults. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scheme-of-the-ifremer-piezometer-1xfccucw.png Figure 4. Scheme of the IFREMER piezometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-scheme-of-the-cone-penetrometer-cptu-and-b-the-2gxynkn7.png Figure 3. a) Scheme of the Cone Penetrometer CPTU and b) the Sonic Cone Penetrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-the-most-critical-failure-surface-predicted-3pu45ab4.png Figure 17. a) The most critical failure surface predicted using SAMU-3D under gravity loading and b) Initial and deformed meshes with the shape of two cross-sections NL and AL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-slope-angle-of-the-study-area-the-maximum-slope-13xxapw2.png Figure 16. a) slope angle of the study area. The maximum slope angle corresponds to 5° at the slope-scar level. Subsequent calculations will be carried out along the B-B cross section which represent the morphology of the study area before sliding. b) 4 different sedimentary layers identified from the CPTU's data (Table 5). A contour map of the radial compressional stress σr (kPa) generated by the cylindrical cavity expansion is projected on the sedimentary layers. https://scispace.com/papers/potential-role-of-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-egcg-in-the-ue1by391ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemical-structures-of-green-tea-catechins-18fvbe21.png Figure 2: Chemical structures of green tea catechins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-representation-of-egcg-mechanism-of-3v3ued0i.png Figure 5: Schematic representation of EGCG mechanism of action. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-egcg-molecular-2c6if3et.png Figure 4 : Schematic representation of EGCG molecular mechanisms. The different pathways involved in the different effects are summarized here: pink background shadows pathways directly related to AD pathology, and green background the ones that are potentially beneficial by inducing neurorescueing or neuroprotection effects. For each pathway, dashed lines represent phosphorylation, green lines depict direct actions of EGCG, and unknown or indirect effects of EGCG are represented by orange lines (for abbreviations see tables 2, 3a, and 3b). Neuroprotection: the activation of the α7nAChR pathway has been proven to be an effector of EGCG antiapoptotic effects. Neurorescue: the pathways involved in this effect are several and include the inhibition of tau phosphorylation through the inhibition of c-Abl-FE65-dependent activation of GSK-3β, the inhibition of several pathways that induce cell death, including p75NTR, while activating the CREB pathway, and other proteins involved in synaptic plasticity; furthermore, EGCG decreases AChE activity. Modulation of APP processing: EGCG acts as an activator of the non-amyloidogenic pathway through different cascades, one of them being its direct interaction with ERα; furthermore, it decreases both β- and γ-secretase activities as well as inhibiting APP and BACE-1 expression; finally, it inhibits oligomer formation preventing the inhibition of PrPc (an inhibitor of BACE-1). Effects on tau and DYRK1A: the direct inhibition of DYRK1A has an effect on its kinase activity, preventing the phosphorylation of tau, APP, and PSEN-1, furthermore EGCG inhibits tau phosphorylation through other unstudied pathways. Protection against oxidative stress: EGCG promotes the activation of antioxidant proteins and the transcription of HO-1 through its activation of Nrf2. Protection against neuroinflammation: through the inhibition of amyloid plaque-induced astrocyte activation, as well as the inhibition of some proinflammatory cytokines and proteins, EGCG ameliorates the neuroinflammation present in AD. Promotion of adult neurogenesis: the activation of the Shh pathway by EGCG leads to an increased neurogenesis, on the other hand, EGCG acts sinergically with BDNF to promote neuronal differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-enzymatic-and-non-enzymatic-components-3dcrcbe2.png Table 1: Examples of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system, and some of the most common ROS. An overproduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-of-the-chemical-structure-of-egcg-1e3kxpin.png Figure 3: Representation of the chemical structure of EGCG indicating the positions where the main metabolic reactions (methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation) take place. Three ring-fission metabolites (M4, M6 and M6’) produced by colonic microbiota have also been identified after green tea intake. Cysteinyl conjugates have been found in mice urine samples but not in humans. M4, (-)-5-(3’,4’,5’-trihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone; M6, (-)-5-(3’,4’- dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone; M6’, (-)-5-(3’,5’-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-amyloid-precursor-protein-app-261yy462.png Figure 1: Representation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. The amyloidogenic pathway takes place by a sequential cleavage by βsecretase (BACE- 1) and γ-secretase, which generates the toxic Aβ peptide. Alternatively, the non-amyloidogenic pathway includes the α-secretase proteolytic cleavage of APP within the Aβ region, which prevents the Aβ formation. Abbreviations: APP: Amyloid precursor protein; sAPPβ: βsecretase cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein; sAPPα: α-secretase cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein; CTF: C-terminal fragment; AICD: Amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain. https://scispace.com/papers/power-aware-qos-enhancement-in-multihop-ds-cdma-visual-1uunpomqoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmission-power-per-relay-node-for-the-different-g-2eyzksp0.png Fig. 4. Transmission Power per Relay node for the different γ values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-source-and-channel-coding-rates-per-cluster-and-obvs6rn9.png TABLE I SOURCE AND CHANNEL CODING RATES PER CLUSTER AND RELAY FOR THE VARIOUS VALUES OF γ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-centralized-wvsn-with-two-hops-3m0r5qo3.png Fig. 1. Example of a centralized WVSN with two hops. https://scispace.com/papers/power-efficient-irs-assisted-noma-4raueewn97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-downlink-irs-assisted-miso-system-3ph9oczl.png Figure 1. A downlink IRS-assisted MISO system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transmission-power-versus-the-number-of-irs-16on1wuj.png Figure 6. Transmission power versus the number of IRS elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transmission-power-versus-the-number-of-antennas-3c4pmkhl.png Figure 7. Transmission power versus the number of antennas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transmission-power-versus-the-number-of-antennas-ulsv9r9s.png Figure 4. Transmission power versus the number of antennas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-improved-quasi-degradation-region-of-user-2-31n2k03d.png Figure 3. Improved quasi-degradation region of user 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quasi-degradation-region-of-user-2-without-using-3kvvlvf0.png Figure 2. Quasi-degradation region of user 2 without using IRS with fixed location of user 1 at (5, 5.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transmission-power-versus-the-horizontal-distance-1u3wwe8l.png Figure 5. Transmission power versus the horizontal distance of user 2 from the BS. https://scispace.com/papers/power-problems-in-vlsi-circuit-testing-296s1fpz46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparing-test-times-for-90-coverage-by-conventional-li2soc2k.png Table 3. Comparing test times for 90% coverage by conventional random (R), weighted random (WRP) and transition density (TDP) patterns when adaptive scan clock is used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-pattern-generator-tpg-equiprobable-0-1-bit-250wmm0k.png Fig. 3. Test pattern generator (TPG). Equiprobable 0-1 bit outputs, W[0] through W[27], of a 28-bit LFSR are transformed into weighted random pattern (WRP) and transition density pattern (TDP) bits for scan-in. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-lengths-for-random-and-best-case-weighted-h5yycram.png Table 2. Test lengths for random and best-case weighted random (WRP) and transition density (TDP) patterns for 90% fault coverage in ISCAS89 circuits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-transition-density-and-weighted-random-17ggtfcl.png Fig. 4. Performance of transition density and weighted random patterns of s1512 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-test-per-scan-vectors-for-95-coverage-in-2tsw5azp.png Fig. 1. Number of test-per-scan vectors for 95% coverage in s1269 when 1-probability (p1) of scan-in bits was weighted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adaptive-scan-clock-scheme-with-modified-tpg-3et1l77r.png Fig. 5. Adaptive scan clock scheme with modified TPG https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-best-case-weighted-random-and-transition-density-3be9a0mf.png Table 1. Best case weighted random and transition density vectors for 95% fault coverage in ISCAS89 circuits obtained from fault simulation of Matlab-generated patterns. Boldface numbers show the best choice for a circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-test-per-scan-vectors-for-95-coverage-in-mdrterzf.png Fig. 2. Number of test-per-scan vectors for 95% coverage in s1269 for various transition densities of scan-in bits https://scispace.com/papers/ppandroid-benchmarker-benchmarking-privacy-protection-2gbw4a8h1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ppandroid-benchmarker-in-probing-phase-3m7u72r2.png Figure 3: PPAndroid-Benchmarker in probing phase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-testing-installation-time-privacy-apps-37d0z0b4.png Table 1: Testing Installation-Time Privacy Apps https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-testing-privacy-apps-that-require-root-access-3mcezn3q.png Table 2: Testing Privacy Apps that Require Root Access https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probing-apps-requirement-of-user-intervention-2l62kyds.png Table 3: Probing Apps Requirement of User-Intervention https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ppandroid-benchmarkers-overall-design-3cho9m5p.png Figure 1: PPAndroid-Benchmarker’s overall design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-testing-taintdroid-against-ppandroid-benchmarker-2jwexeoa.png Table 4: Testing TaintDroid against PPAndroid-Benchmarker https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ppandroid-benchmarkers-components-and-data-ow-map-59siwnex.png Figure 2: PPAndroid-Benchmarker’s components and data ow map. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-automatic-loop-specialization-55f8zngttj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ipls-uses-object-relative-memory-profiling-to-3l37lny1.png Figure 5. IPLS uses object-relative memory profiling to generate repeatable, symbolic names for relocatable addresses. Variable INn cnt maintains the invocation count of the instruction INn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-static-input-script-induces-a-repeating-pattern-3vjuyykn.png Figure 1. A static input script induces a repeating pattern in variable OPC. The interpreter can be specialized with respect to the input script by exploiting this repetition: (a) program, static and dynamic inputs, (b) trace of recurring values across loop iterations, (c) loop iterations stitched into a specialized loop, (d) final specialized code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-meta-level-loops-traces-detection-extracts-a-graph-14qbwyg9.png Figure 6. Meta-level loops/traces detection extracts a graph which resembles a control-flow graph in which loops are identified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ratio-of-dynamic-instruction-count-of-the-original-1b3etj63.png Table 2. Ratio of dynamic instruction count of the original program to that of the specialized program for Lua-5.2.0. Larger numbers indicate a greater reduction in dynamic instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-whole-program-speedup-with-three-interpreters-lua-12mnmqfz.png Figure 8. Whole-program speedup with three interpreters: Lua, Perl, and Python, and 11 input scripts for each. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unexpected-exits-from-the-specialized-loop-as-a-18loen61.png Table 3. Unexpected exits from the specialized loop as a fraction of the number of iterations running in a specialized loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-code-size-increase-after-specialization-for-three-2vzlvszl.png Figure 9. Code size increase after specialization for three interpreters: Lua, Perl, and Python, and 11 input scripts for each. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-input-script-featuring-biased-control-flow-1gfvuwb7.png Figure 2. An input script featuring biased control flow. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-considerations-of-the-ftt-device-for-fabric-cy33k6ntkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ftt-indices-source-binti-haji-musa-et-al-2017-6-183k0vxv.png Table 1: FTT indices; source Binti Haji Musa et.al, 2017 [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fabric-touch-tester-source-binti-haji-musa-et-al-1svre1kc.png Figure 1: Fabric touch tester; source Binti Haji Musa et.al, 2017 [6]. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-planar-metric-rectification-55cjblitgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothetical-example-of-planar-metric-2d8mz5td.png Figure 1: Hypothetical example of planar metric reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-camera-motions-used-in-the-experiments-26ilxgh6.png Figure 5: Camera motions used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-error-surfaces-horizon-consistency-for-the-six-3kzf54nj.png Figure 6: Error surfaces (horizon consistency) for the six image sequences studied. The columns in each 4×4 group of experiments correspond respectively to procedures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4, and the rows correspond to the noise amounts A, B, C, and D described above. This figure is better appreciated by zooming in the electronic version of the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-solutionc-converts-the-interimage-homographies-355x8ga4.png Figure 2: The solutionC converts the interimage homographies into cameras. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rectified-object-for-the-noisy-cases-b-c-and-d-in-2zrcazex.png Figure 7: Rectified object for the noisy cases (B,C, and D) in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geometric-construction-forf-in-adiag-f-f-1-camera-34muvyb6.png Figure 3: Geometric construction forf in adiag( f , f ,1) camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-b-robust-estimation-of-one-of-the-circular-points-dz7dho3y.png Figure 8: (a)-(b) Robust estimation of one of the circular points. (c) Corrected views transferred to the first view. (d) Robust estimation of the common view, rectified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-image-of-a-right-angle-induced-by-the-horizon-xkmy8xq9.png Figure 4: (a) The image of a right angle induced by the horizon in adiag( f , f ,1) camera. (b-c) Right angles induced by a tentative horizon provide estimates off1. https://scispace.com/papers/practical-security-for-disconnected-nodes-5313on9v39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chain-of-trust-3i3kbn18.png Fig. 4: Chain of trust https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hierarchy-of-layout-of-regions-3pxmt58m.png Fig. 2: Hierarchy of layout of regions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-stage-hierarchy-of-lookups-2zc3i31v.png Fig. 1: Three stage hierarchy of lookups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-establishment-of-security-parameters-for-new-users-2xuu1hc3.png Fig. 3: Establishment of security parameters for new users https://scispace.com/papers/practical-security-of-large-scale-elections-an-exploratory-j30rp2xm1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internet-voting-process-in-estonias-2007-parliamentary-oh96h16n.png Fig. 1. Internet voting process in Estonia’s 2007 parliamentary elections; source: [23, Annex 2] https://scispace.com/papers/practical-small-sample-asymptotics-for-regression-problems-2ks47ycwvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-distribution-contours-for-logistic-regression-mle-24dc2mwi.png Figure 3b: Distribution Contours for Logistic Regression MLE's (X- N(O, 1)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exponential-regression-n-3-n-1pngv6uq.png Figure 1 : Exponential Regression (n=3) ,.· ... . . . . . . . . . n: · .. . . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-poisson-regression-n-1-0-2-1-1-22334455-2619hrhh.png Figure 2a: Poisson Regression (n=1 0, 2=(1, 1 ,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-marginal-posteriors-of-regression-parameters-quigskh3.png Figure 4: Marginal Posteriors of Regression Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3c-distribution-contours-for-logistic-regression-mle-1f0zh4fg.png Figure 3b: Distribution Contours for Logistic Regression MLE's (X- N(O, 1)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2c-poisson-regression-n-5-z-uniform-050-8vg1s9wq.png Figure 2a: Poisson Regression (n=1 0, 2=(1, 1 ,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5)) https://scispace.com/papers/pre-and-posttrip-factors-influencing-the-visitor-experience-q652c3bwpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-important-influences-on-attendance-l25s61rb.png Table 3 Important Influences on Attendance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-motives-for-visiting-the-anzac-day-commemoration-at-aagrygs6.png Table 4 Motives for Visiting the Anzac Day Commemoration at Gallipoli https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-event-attributes-associated-with-the-anzac-day-knqgll4u.png Table 5 Event Attributes Associated With the Anzac Day Commemorations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-squared-multiple-correlations-and-factor-scores-es9dfvzg.png Table 6 Squared Multiple Correlations and Factor Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-model-2qgeecm4.png Figure 1. SEM model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-m4syx3ex.png Table 1 Demographic Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/pre-and-post-processing-for-optimal-noise-reduction-in-h9otj4maw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyclic-prefix-system-with-separated-isi-16igfty9.png Figure 4: Cyclic prefix system with separated ISI cancellation and noise suppression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-of-error-vs-snr-without-precoder-dashed-1bvw60n7.png Figure 8: Probability of error vs. SNR: without precoder (dashed line) and with precoder (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equalization-results-using-a-modified-system-with-3lfgnjhf.png Figure 7: Equalization results using a modified system with optimal precoder/equalizer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-channel-with-the-system-for-cyclic-prefix-19x6fo7z.png Figure 2: Channel with the system for cyclic prefix. https://scispace.com/papers/pre-sma-activation-and-the-perception-of-contagiousness-and-40lg3ivtd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-the-results-of-the-t-tests-on-b-values-produced-by-1jvh1n86.png Fig. 6 e The results of the t-tests on b values produced by the G atlas demonstrating regions of significance. Where responses w are shown in the first column (a,c). Regions where the spontane in the second (b,d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-selected-channels-to-demonstrate-the-difference-29sm2b2d.png Fig. 8 e Selected channels to demonstrate the difference betwe linear regression model was for each channel for authenticity a between cortical response differences and behavioural rating d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-a-regression-analysis-was-used-to-model-the-206656d7.png Fig. 7 e A regression analysis was used to model the correlatio activity (F statistics from the previous analysis) and the differen authenticity. T statistics that survived multiple comparisons at https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-fnirs-data-collection-a-the-grid-array-was-placed-on-2ay7eidh.png Fig. 1 e fNIRS data collection. (a) The grid array was placed on the scalp at a location designed to maximise the likelihood of recording activation, in the temporal lobes and motor areas. (b) A subject demonstrating cap placement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-relationship-between-authenticity-ratings-and-1ix6r4dj.png Fig. 3 e Relationship between authenticity ratings and contagiousness ratings for all laughter sounds. The distribution of the ratings are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-behavioural-ratings-for-volitional-a-and-spontaneous-3v3tvxhj.png Fig. 2 e Behavioural ratings for volitional (a) and spontaneous (b) laughter. Themedian of the interquartile range is shown in red. This illustrates the extent to which the distribution of ratings is skewed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-the-f-statistics-and-their-level-of-significance-m8kzjtur.png Fig. 4 e The F statistics and their level of significance produced by Hotelling's t2 joint test. This is used to determine if the changes in HbO or HbR in combination are significantly different from baseline (rest). Significant responses were projected onto the cortex for (a) volitional laughter and (b) spontaneous laughter at a 10% threshold at p < .005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-the-results-of-the-t-tests-on-b-values-produced-by-1yec8cx6.png Fig. 5 e The results of the t-tests on b values produced by the GLM. Significant responses were projected onto the Colin-27 atlas demonstrating regions of significance at a 10% threshold at p < .05. Where responses were greater listening to volitional than that for rest are shown in the first column (a,c). Regions where the spontaneous activation was greater than that for rest are shown in the second column (b,d). https://scispace.com/papers/precaution-and-fairness-a-framework-for-distributing-costs-uwoat2jg3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-figure-can-be-used-by-decision-makers-as-a-krzvvpw8.png Figure 1. The figure can be used by decision-makers as a heuristic framework for analysing the 256 fairness of alternative distributions. An unjust harm involves a violation of rights or distributive or 257 procedural justice. Abbreviations: RI=risk-initiator; BA=beneficiary of activity; BP=beneficiary of 258 precaution; A=activity; P=precautionary measure. 259 260 Let’s consider the rationale for this proposal, beginning with reasons for the role of 261 RIP as the default starting point. There are several pragmatic reasons for this choice. Making 262 the risk-initiator the default bearer of the cost of precautions provides a built-in incentive to 263 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-distributional-principles-used-in-our-framework-b0ujjmgh.png Table 1. Four distributional principles used in our framework. A catch-all category, called ‘Others 119 Pay’, is added to the framework in section 3 (see Figure 1). 120 121 https://scispace.com/papers/precise-catalyst-production-for-carbon-nanotube-synthesis-1lrdunkko9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-afm-images-of-fe-nanoparticles-after-size-39w0jfe0.png Figure 5. AFM images of Fe nanoparticles after size manipulation. (a) 7.18 nm Fe2O3 nanoaggregates homogenously deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. (b) After reduction and reconstruction under 400 °C in H2, the irregular Fe2O3 nanoaggregates become more rounded (oxidized again in air because of AFM characterization) without the size distribution being degraded. With other size selections, the Fe nanoparticles are precisely manipulated to obtain (c) 2.81 and (d) 1.37 nm Fe-oNPs, all possessing narrow size distributions, and a geometric standard deviation σg of ~ 1.2. Moreover, the smaller the dmean, the smaller the absolute full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the distribution. Scale bars are all 200 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-comparison-between-constraint-effects-on-the-1965fkh1.png Figure 6. The comparison between constraint effects on the diameter of SWCNTs grown from Fe catalysts with different sizes. (a–c) Raw Raman spectra at the RBM region (70–350 cm−1) of SWCNTs grown from 1.8 nm Fe-oNPs detected by 532, 638, and 785 nm lasers. (d–f) The peak position of each spectrum is identified after background removal (SiO2/Si signal). The spectra tails around 290–300 cm−1 are generated during background removal; (g–i) for SWCNTs grown from 1.8 nm Fe-oNPs, the peak position abundance statistics obtained by different lasers are normalized by pixel number and laser spot area. (j–l) For SWCNTs grown from 3.6 nm Fe-oNPs, the normalized peak position abundance statistics. (m) Modified Kataura plot is used to identify the resonant chiralities. Regions of diameter from 1.18–1.4 nm are marked by dash-dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-comparison-between-constraint-effects-on-the-2zm3omcp.png Figure 6. The comparison between constraint effects on the diameter of SWCNTs grown from Fe catalysts with different sizes. (a–c) Raw Raman spectra at the RBM region (70–350 cm−1) of SWCNTs grown from 1.8 nm Fe-oNPs detected by 532, 638, and 785 nm lasers. (d–f) The peak position of each spectrum is identified after background removal (SiO2/Si signal). The spectra tails around 290–300 cm−1 are generated during background removal; (g–i) for SWCNTs grown from 1.8 nm Fe-oNPs, the peak position abundance statistics obtained by different lasers are normalized by pixel number and laser spot area. (j–l) For SWCNTs grown from 3.6 nm Fe-oNPs, the normalized peak position abundance statistics. (m) Modified Kataura plot is used to identify the resonant chiralities. Regions of diameter from 1.18–1.4 nm are marked by dash-dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nanoparticles-after-size-selection-and-their-1o6g6xbs.png Figure 2. Nanoparticles after size selection and their crystal structure determination. (a) AFM images of size-selected W-Co salt nanoparticles (sNPs) homogeneously deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. Particle populations possessing narrow size distributions (σg = 1.21) with small mean diameters (dmean = 3.29 nm) are shown in the inset histogram. Also shown is the HRTEM image (b) of single-crystal WCo alloy metal nanoparticles (mNPs) after reduction and reconstruction. dmean = 3.74 nm measured by AFM is not shown. (c–e) With the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elements mapping on single W-Co mNPs, (c) the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image acquired using the high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector is shown with the EDX spectra/maps on both (d) W and (e) Co. Both elements distribute uniformly across the single-crystal mNPs instead of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-setup-schematic-for-continuous-fe2o3-1lzy8c2s.png Figure 4. Experimental setup schematic for continuous Fe2O3 nanoparticle generation, size selection, and collection. The ferrocene vapor is carried by particle-free air and enters the tube furnace set to 700 ◦C, where the ferrocene is calcined into Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe-oNPs) and flows to the downstream. After being charged by a neutralizer, the polydisperse Fe-oNPs are size-selected by DMA, and finally deposited onto a substrate in the electrostatic precipitator. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-lumen-segmentation-in-coronary-computed-tomography-2lrfq2xvca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-different-convex-penalty-functions-can-trade-noise-37zaem6o.png Fig. 4: (a) Different convex penalty functions can trade noise-robust (b) & (c) for dataaffine (d) segmentations (right half colored with the boundary likelihood in blue-to-red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-surface-visualization-of-the-segmented-left-main-oytmw97f.png Fig. 5: (a) Surface visualization of the segmented left main coronaries with the LCX and LAD branch of the training dataset #10. (b) The upper part of the LAD is affected by mild mixed plaque while the lower end is narrowed by moderate soft-plaque (CPR, top). (b) Cross-sectional views with expert annotations in green, red and yellow along with our segmentation (blue) through mixed (1,2) and soft plaque (3,4). The proposed method effectively minimizes the variability within expert annotations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-inter-user-variability-boxplots-between-the-three-1csgel8x.png Fig. 7: Inter-user variability boxplots between the three medical experts and the four best-ranking methods (others) in comparison to our results (star) w.r.t. DICE measure for each subject of the testing data. Circles indicate medians, the box edges the 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers extend to outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-radial-candidate-positions-along-rays-in-cross-3184gldj.png Fig. 1: (a) Radial candidate positions along rays in cross-sectional slices orthogonal to the given centerline. (b) Associated boundary probabilities for rays within a slice. (c) Cylindrical element of a tubular MRF graph where each node represents the selection of a candidate position along a certain ray and edges implement smoothness priors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-segmented-lumen-of-calcified-arteries-for-two-patients-fzunbyh6.png Fig. 6: Segmented lumen of calcified arteries for two patients as obtained by the proposed algorithm visualized from different projections (left: CPR, right: cross-section). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-error-measures-are-reported-separately-for-gx3xnb89.png Table 1: Three error measures are reported separately for diseased (D) and healthy (H) vessels (boldface marks best among automatic methods). Rank lists the overall segmentation ranking compared to all participating methods (w.r.t. testing results). Measures are averaged over 30 testing (18 training) datasets (listed testing/training). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-exemplary-2d-flow-graph-for-a-single-slice-a-6-rays-r-17a1o0l4.png Fig. 2: Exemplary 2D flow graph for a single slice (a = 6 rays, r = 4 radial candidates) using the L1-norm prior(2). The cut represents an MRF configuration and, thus, uniquely describes a particular contour (xz,1−3 = 2, xz,4−5 = 3, xz,6 = 4). By analogy, a cut plane in the 3D flow graph defines a vessel surface geometry. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-predictive-analysis-for-discovering-communication-43ij3thmpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-11x7mjie.png Table 1. Experimental Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-mpi-program-p-ps-here-i-ranges-from-1-to-n-and-j-3aoctcwg.png Fig. 1. The MPI program P(Ψ). Here i ranges from 1 to n, and j ranges from 1 to m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sat-encoding-for-the-deadlock-detection-here-empty-1v5ihylh.png Fig. 2. The SAT encoding for the deadlock detection. Here, empty conjunctions are true and empty disjunctions are false. https://scispace.com/papers/precise-determination-of-the-spin-structure-function-g-1-of-2n6ai7mgfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-view-of-the-longitudinally-polarized-target-20fh8zej.png FIG. 2. Schematic view of the longitudinally polarized target. From left to right: atomic beam source (ABS) containing radiofrequency transitions (RFT), target chamber with cell and magnet, diagnostic system composed of the target gas analyzer (TGA) and the Breit-Rabi polarimeter (BRP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-of-charge-symmetric-background-in-each-x-q2-2a90ec26.png FIG. 5. Percentage of charge-symmetric background in each x-Q2 bin, for the proton and the deuteron targets. Subdivisions A, B, and C are those defined in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xxiv-correlation-matrix-for-gd1-in-15-x-bins-q-2-1-u7ym0c1a.png TABLE XXIV. Correlation matrix for gd1 in 15 x bins (Q 2 > 1 GeV2) averaged over Q2. For hxi and hQ2i of each bin, see e.g. Table XXI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xxiii-correlation-matrix-for-gp1-in-15-x-bins-q-2-1-pud92yav.png TABLE XXIII. Correlation matrix for gp1 in 15 x bins (Q 2 > 1 GeV2) averaged over Q2. For hxi and hQ2i of each bin, see e.g. Table XXI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-the-measured-and-born-asymmetries-am-pk-and-a-p-k-2ahzgo3k.png TABLE XI. The measured and Born asymmetries, Am;pk and A p k , at the average values of hxi, hyi, and hQ2i in 45 bins, shown with statistical and systematic uncertainties. A normalization uncertainty of 5.2% has been included in the column labeled ‘‘syst.’’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-top-two-panels-measured-and-unfolded-born-asymmetries-3sp64g0t.png FIG. 18. Top two panels: measured and unfolded Born asymmetries for the proton and deuteron. The error bars of the Born asymmetries are the square root of the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix obtained after unfolding, with the inclusion of the uncertainty due to the statistics of the Monte Carlo. Bottom panel: uncertainty inflation when going from measured to Born asymmetry due to the unfolding procedure. The symbols A, B, and C refer to the Q2-bin sets defined in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xvii-virtual-photon-asymmetries-ap1-and-a-d-1-at-the-3tkp3qbn.png TABLE XVII. Virtual-photon asymmetries Ap1 and A d 1 at the average hxi and hQ2i in 19 x bins (each x bin is the average over the Q2 bins), including statistical, systematic, and evolution uncertainties. A normalization uncertainty of 5.2% for the proton and 5% for the deuteron has been included in the column ‘‘syst.’’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-comparisons-of-g1-integrals-over-different-34mgxmps.png TABLE VIII. Comparisons of g1 integrals over different measured x ranges from this experiment (including the SIDIS measurement [1] and the measurement of gn1 from a 3He target [29]) and SMC [25], EMC [100], E143 [26], E155 [27], E142 [72], and E154 [73]. In the case of E143, the normalization uncertainties, not included in the original result, have been added in quadrature to the systematic uncertainties. The results from SMC, originally in the x range 0:003 x 0:7, as well as the results from E154, originally in the x range 0:014 x 0:7, the results from EMC, originally in the x range 0:01 x 0:7, and those of E155, originally in the range 0:01 x 0:9, have all been recalculated in the HERMES range 0:021 x 0:7 from the g1 values, following the procedure used in this paper for the calculation of the HERMES moments [see Eq. (43)] and are indicated with an asterisk. In the case of EMC it was not possible to calculate uncertainties from the evolution, as the g1 values were already at Q2 10:7 GeV2, and no evolution uncertainty was given. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-lattice-calculation-of-su-2-t-hooft-loops-5d49nnikjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-ratio-of-t2-t-corrected-over-t2-t-gka-3aym4doy.png FIG. 7 (color online). The ratio of ~ =T2 T̂ corrected over ~ =T2 T̂ GKA (Eq. (3.17)) versus T̂ T= MS. Deviations from 1 are small ( 2%), and become appreciable only when T & 10Tc, with Tc= MS 1:31 8 [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-how-to-create-a-t-hooft-loop-in-the-x-y-3ewo24yw.png FIG. 1 (color online). How to create a ’t Hooft loop @~ in the x; y plane: (left) in each z; t plane intersecting ~ , multiply by a center element one plaquette with coordinates z0; t0 ; (middle) equivalently, choose z0; t0 in the corner; (right) equivalently, multiply by a center element the link Ut at the boundary. Thus, a ’t Hooft loop of maximal size (~ intersects all z; t planes) is equivalent to twisted boundary conditions for the Polyakov loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-relative-correction-to-the-interface-2pudy8ew.png FIG. 4 (color online). The relative correction to the interface tension ~ , Clat Nt 1 , for different values of Nt. Only for large values of Nt does the relative correction show the expected behavior / 1=N2t . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lattice-correction-factors-clat-versus-the-number-nt-2hngbp3i.png TABLE I. Lattice correction factors Clat versus the number Nt of temporal slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-lattice-effective-potential-vl-q-nt-wk4ygj8d.png FIG. 3 (color online). The lattice effective potential VL q; Nt VL 0; Nt for different Nt’s, compared to the continuum effective potential q2 1 q 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-dimensionless-ratio-of-the-interface-1jvjwmg6.png FIG. 6 (color online). The dimensionless ratio of the interface ten different values of Nt. The data at high are described almost pe correction factors Clat Nt have been inserted. For Nt 1, the perturb whole range > c. The reason for this remarkably good agreemen fortuitously close to the critical value c 0:8730 2 [19] of Nt https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-illustration-of-the-snake-algorithm-which-1zy90ekz.png FIG. 5 (color online). Illustration of the snake algorithm, which builds the interface one plaquette at a time, and of its simplified version, which requires a single Monte Carlo simulation of a system with a partial interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-left-the-1-loop-effective-potential-is-4et2aalt.png FIG. 2 (color online). Left: The 1-loop effective potential is the f https://scispace.com/papers/precursor-of-color-superconductivity-in-hot-quark-matter-6qmcpzt2ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-calculated-phase-diagram-in-at-m-plane-in-our-2qr8k949.png FIG. 1. The calculated phase diagram in aT-m plane in our model. The solid and dashed lines denote the critical line of a first and second order phase transition, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-spectral-function-for-the-pair-field-att-tc-with-e-cbw68wfg.png FIG. 2. The spectral function for the pair field atT.Tc with e [(T2Tc)/Tc50.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 atm5400 MeV ~a! andm https://scispace.com/papers/precision-measurement-of-the-branching-ratio-k-pi-pi-0-k-ssbbnnn6aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1y5qpb5u.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1nu6tj2o.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-30ap44vn.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/precision-local-search-and-unimodal-functions-5faqsxzjkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-neighboring-subtrees-covering-ax-hk0cxfkn.png Figure 2: Four neighboring subtrees covering Ax https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gray-codes-as-a-binary-tree-12rbm60n.png Figure 1: Gray codes as a binary tree https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-random-path-for-k-5-19vxd20n.png Figure 3: A random path for k = 5 https://scispace.com/papers/predator-rodent-plant-interactions-along-a-coast-inland-2063jgdgwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-index-of-winter-activity-no-of-tracks-km-1-of-29kp6zy2.png Table 2. Mean index of winter activity (no. of tracks.km-1) of foxes and small mustelids estimated by snow-tracking along a coast-inland762 gradient763 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breeding-densities-no-of-pairs-km-2-and-breeding-11gpfj93.png Table 1. Breeding densities (no. of pairs.km-2) and breeding success of long-tailed and parasitic jaegers in 2011-2013 along a coast-inland757 gradient758 https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-and-habit-persistence-1oki9fkbg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predictability-2l7qjt2t.png Table 4: Predictability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irf-and-predictability-1tqgds02.png Figure 3: IRF and Predictability https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unconditional-moments-h4rxkkbr.png Table 2: Unconditional Moments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-response-functions-a-iid-case-r-0-mcsvpak6.png Figure 2: Impulse response functions (a) iid case (ρ = 0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decision-rules-3n45kq6z.png Figure 1: Decision Rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-serial-correlation-in-price-dividend-ratio-2544ek7d.png Table 3: Serial Correlation in Price–Dividend ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-26jkts0d.png Table 1: Calibration https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-of-biotic-stress-structures-plant-defence-113upf4of2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-proemr8b.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plant-strategies-in-the-framework-of-forecast-hbt5ipse.png Figure 1. Plant Strategies in the Framework of Forecast Horizons. Community: Plants interact with multiple biotic stressors in sequence. Stressors may strongly correlate (indicated by R2) such as when caterpillars cause open wounds that promote pathogen infections, or correlate only weakly such as illustrated by attack by a different herbivore species. Plant strategy: To deal with variation in predictability and the risk of incurring fitness costs, plants follow different strategies. The green line illustrates a trajectory in which the plant only responds to an initial stimulus and does not follow an anticipatory strategy. The red and blue lines illustrate trajectories with an anticipatory strategy, but in which plants differ in their proneness to take risk: The phenotypic trajectory illustrated by the blue line tracks the most probable antagonist community. The phenotypic trajectory illustrated by the red line is a risk averse strategy, where the plant anticipates a less likely, but if realized while unprepared, more costly scenario. Match in phenotype with the predicted community: Plant strategies vary in how well the plant phenotype will match with the predicted environment, represented by the coloured lines. The y axis represents how well the plant phenotype is predicted to match the future environment. From our vantage point at time zero (t0), we consider how well the plant will match the predicted communities of the future. Shaded areas indicate the increasing uncertainty in how well the phenotype will match the future community of antagonists due to stochastic processes, lag in community responses, and incorrect or incomplete information transferred by the initial attack.. Time lag: Plants need time to detect and start responding to the stimulus or stress, defined by physiological constraints. Plant response to initial stress: Time needed to fully form responses to the initial stress or stimulus. Anticipatory strategies match the changing antagonist community (red and blue lines), while non-anticipatory strategies only respond to the initial stressor or stimulus (green line). Developmental constraints and the integration of potential future stress in plant responses may limit how well plants following anticipatory strategies will match their phenotype with the environment. Phenotype to predicted community: Time frame where plants following anticipatory strategies try to match the future antagonistic community, and in which uncertainty increases until the forecast horizon is met, indicated by the solid black line. Forecast horizon with increasing uncertainty: In the period after the forecast horizon is met, predictions of plants following anticipatory strategies are not more accurate than noninformed/nonanticipatory strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interactions-with-an-antagonist-require-3894jjtu.png Figure 2. Interactions with an Antagonist Require Anticipatory Responses to Subsequent Conditions and Results in Linkages in the Evolution of Traits. Attack by an initial stressor induces responses in the plant with physiological and ecological consequences for the plant, with the potential to ultimately change the selective pressure on plant traits. Blue: Induced responses involve (local or systemic) changes in the chemical composition of plant tissues and require the regulation of underlying phytohormonal pathways. In addition, herbivores themselves may manipulate the responses of plants on a molecular level. These changes in the plant’s defensive phenotype may prove effective agains subsequent attackers due to crossresistance but may also cause the plant to become more susceptible to subsequen attackers. Anticipatory responses should thus integrate, or at least not inhibit, responses to likely subsequent attack at the level of the plant’s physiology. Green: Induced responses to initial stress often lead to systemic changes in the plant’s phenotype. In addition, herbivores themselves may manipulate the phenotype of plants through niche construction (e.g., leafrolling caterpillars). The overall changes in the phenotype of the plant presented to the community can affect the likelihood o colonization by subsequent herbivores, effectively partitioning the antagonist community into subsets of strongly correlated antagonists. Plants may thereby anticipate the nature of future attack when interacting with the current herbivore. Orange The interaction with an initial antagonist may result in the enhanced probability of interacting with a subsequent antagonis which has direct impacts on plant fitness. For example, a leaf feeding caterpillar enhances probability of seed weevil attack Plant responses induced by initial herbivory may thus culminate to indirectly affect plant fitness. Plant traits that are key in mediating the initial and subsequent interactions are thus under the same selection pressure. This may result in heritability (h) of defence traits against different herbivores to be strongly linked. Abbreviations: JA: jasmonic acid; SA, salicylic acid. https://scispace.com/papers/predictability-of-the-simple-technical-trading-rules-an-out-5waqsuql0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1jdthvrg.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-wealth-of-the-variable-length-moving-2syq2arz.png Figure 3: Cumulative Wealth of the Variable-Length Moving Average Rule (1, 50) on the DJIA 1987 – 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-wealth-of-the-variable-length-moving-xutcofc8.png Figure 1: Cumulative Wealth of the Variable-Length Moving Average Rule (1, 50) on the DJIA 1987 - 1991 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-wealth-of-the-variable-length-moving-1pmegqx5.png Figure 2: Cumulative Wealth of the Variable-Length Moving Average Rule (1, 50) on the DJIA 1987 – 1995 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-community-satisfaction-among-rural-residents-an-1vgpgugi2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prediction-of-community-satisfaction-by-community-1vdegxnh.png Table 2. Prediction of community satisfaction by community attributes, personal characteristics, local social ties, and personal economic attitudes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-items-included-in-each-multi-item-scale-2yl6a69b.png Table 1. Items included in each multi-item scale. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-ambient-concentrations-of-no-2-in-a-gas-refinery-3es7i0hqmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-observed-and-predicted-hourly-no2-scnutxug.png Fig. 4 Comparison of the observed and predicted hourly NO2 concentrations for nine receptors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-location-and-nine-receptors-of-the-fourth-2tk32ft9.png Fig. 1 Study area location and nine receptors of the fourth gas refinery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-seasonal-simulation-results-of-no2-distribution-in-3hdm6rxm.png Fig. 5 Seasonal simulation results of NO2 distribution in 2013 for 10 9 10 km 2 domain (lg/m3). a Spring average NO2 (10 9 10 km), b summer average NO2 (10 9 10 km), c fall average NO2 (10 9 10 km), d winter average NO2 (10 9 10 km) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-statistical-analysis-of-the-predicted-and-g7ukqkx5.png Table 5 The statistical analysis of the predicted and observed ambient concentrations of NO2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-date-of-sampling-and-the-number-of-stacks-2xjpb32h.png Table 1 Date of sampling and the number of stacks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stacks-of-no2-emissions-for-2013-g-s-stacks-name-2o4849cc.png Table 2 Stacks of NO2 emissions for 2013 (g/s) Stacks name Spring Summer Fall Winter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-variations-of-no2-ambient-concentrations-in-2td0pa2z.png Fig. 3 Seasonal variations of NO2 ambient concentrations in the fourth gas refinery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wind-rose-plot-in-the-study-area-10879fij.png Fig. 2 Wind rose plot in the study area https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-olfactory-loss-in-chronic-rhinosinusitis-using-4ef7ba0eoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variable-importance-display-for-most-accurate-2035gjst.png Figure 2. Variable importance display for most accurate classification model (Support 481 Vector Machine with a radial basis kernel). Note the inclusion of many predictor variables – 482 32 are included with > 10% variable importance, suggesting potential interaction between 483 predictors. SVM-Radial = support vector machine with a radial basis kernel. 484 485 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-10-predictors-and-variable-importance-for-2sooreln.png Figure 3. Top 10 Predictors and Variable importance for Random Forest and LASSO 489 models. AERD = aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease; CF = cystic fibrosis. 490 491 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-classification-accuracy-between-methods-3m22vp22.png Figure 1. Comparing classification accuracy between methods. Dots correspond to the mean 472 estimate (across all 50 cross-validation resampling estimates) and error bars are 95% confidence 473 intervals for the mean. Pairwise comparisons were performed using Welch’s 2-sample t-test with 474 the Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing adjusted p-values (“q-values”). Models with different 475 letters (a,b,c) have significantly different means (q<0.05), while models sharing the same letter 476 do not significantly differ (q>0.05). SVM-Radial = support vector machine with a radial basis 477 kernel; RF = random forest; Log Reg-Step = logistic regression with step-wise variable 478 selection. 479 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-population-collected-demographics-and-clinical-1zc3pcn4.png Table 1. Study population. Collected demographics and clinical metadata used as inputs 453 for classification models are shown here for the overall cohort, and those with and without 454 olfactory dysfunction. Count (%) and Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical variables, 455 while median (25th quantile, 75th quantile) and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for numeric 456 variables. Data sorted from smallest to largest q-value (multiple testing adjusted p-value). 457 458 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparing-classification-accuracy-three-ml-2vqvv4mj.png Table 2. Comparing classification accuracy. Three ML approaches outperform traditional 462 logistic regression. AUC = area under receiver operating characteristic curve; SVM-Radial = 463 support vector machine with a radial basis kernel; Log Reg-Step = logistic regression with step-464 wise variable selection. 465 466 467 468 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-psychological-distress-of-informal-carers-of-38g5zqxl6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standard-multiple-regression-analysis-for-predictor-12jz0j57.png TABLE 2: Standard multiple regression analysis for predictor variables on psychological 655 distress 656 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-carer-measures-results-are-2fj6anz6.png TABLE 1: Descriptive statistics of carer measures, results are shown as mean (SD) and 649 ranges 650 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-process-of-recruitment-of-non-for-profit-organisations-7roe9ier.png FIG. 1: Process of recruitment of non-for-profit organisations and participants 702 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-speciation-of-ammonia-monoethanolamine-and-260t3ngocl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-equilibrium-constants-pqyihrsp.png Table 1. Temperature dependence of the Equilibrium Constants involving the NH3-CO2-H2O, MEA-CO2-H2O and DEA-CO2-H2O systems: ln K辿 噺 A怠┸辿 髪 代鉄┸套鐸 髪 A戴┸辿 ln T 髪 A替┸辿T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-experimental-partial-pressures38-f42rvmhk.png Figure 1. Comparison between experimental partial pressures38 [×: NH3=0.13 m, : NH3=0.51 m, : NH3=1.03 m, : NH3=2.11 m] and calculated partial pressures [solid line: NH3=0.13 m, dashed line: NH3=0.51 m, dotted line: NH3=1.03 m, dash dotted line: NH3=2.11 m] at 20 °C: (a) NH3 partial pressures, and (b) CO2 partial pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemical-speciation-involving-the-nh3-co2-h2o-13jbahpe.png Figure 2. Chemical speciation involving the NH3-CO2-H2O system at 60 °C: symbols represent experimental values42 [: NH3, : NH替袋, : NH態COO貸, ×: CO戴態貸, ゴ: CO態, ◊: HCO戴貸], and lines represent the calculated values [solid lines: this study]: (a) NH3, NH替袋 and NH態COO貸, and (b) CO戴態貸, CO態, HCO戴貸. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-chemical-speciation-involving-the-dea-co2-h2o-38do9jvn.png Figure 6. Chemical speciation involving the DEA-CO2-H2O system in 20% aqueous DEA at 25 °C: symbols represent experimental values43 [: DEACOO貸, ◊: CO態], and lines represent calculated values [solid lines: this model, dashed line: Deshmukh-Mather model14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-residual-plots-comparing-the-experimental-values43-3afqgqfx.png Figure 7. Residual Plots comparing the experimental values43 from the literature and the two models investigated to describe the DEA-CO2-H2O system in 20% aqueous DEA at 25 °C [solid lines: this model, dashed line: Deshmukh-Mather model14]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-calculated-and-experimental-1oaqhmaz.png Table 4. Comparison between calculated and experimental values37 related to the speciation of the CO2-NH3-H2O system at 25 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-pressure-as-a-function-of-the-co2-loading-at-uc2ny13r.png Figure 8. Total pressure as a function of the CO2 loading at 25 °C in 20% aqueous DEA [ズ=experimental values43, solid line: this model, dashed line: Deshmukh-Mather model14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-pressure-as-a-function-of-the-co2-loading-at-1wqrx8fy.png Figure 5. Total pressure as a function of the CO2 loading at 30 °C: symbols represent experimental values12 [ズ=10% aqueous MEA, ﾖ= 20% aqueous MEA], and lines represent calculated values obtained in this study [solid line: 10% aqueous MEA, dashed line: 20% aqueous MEA]. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-success-of-phase-iii-trials-in-oncology-411q21rf2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-501-2a09hzb7.png Figure 2 501 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-535-2xbziyl7.png Figure 4 535 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1493-171av7yy.png Figure 1493 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-547-1mbutwb6.png Figure 5 547 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-528-1nfmj8k0.png Figure 3 528 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-sugar-consumption-application-of-an-integrated-27rrqquh2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-intercorrelations-composite-reliabilities-and-3dlcqzch.png Table 3. Factor intercorrelations, composite reliabilities, and average variance extracted for latent variables in the integrated dual-process, dual phase model for sugar consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standardized-path-coefficients-for-structural-3p08tsn7.png Figure 1. Standardized path coefficients for structural equation model of relations among the integrated dual-process, dual-phase model of sugar consumption. All variables depicted were measured at the initial laboratory visit (T1) with the exception of sugar consumption, which was measured at follow-up two weeks later (T2). Effects of control variables (past behavior, BMI, age, and gender) are not shown in the diagram. Intention, implicit attitudes, and the control variables (age, gender, BMI) were estimated as single-indicator latent variables with their variance fixed at unity. By convention, these constructs are represented by ellipses rather than rectangles. However, these constructs are not considered “true” latent variables as their measurement error is not explicitly modeled (Kock, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-items-used-in-single-category-implicit-association-30os4ukk.png Table 2. Items used in single-category implicit association test as a measure of implicit attitudes toward sugar https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-potency-of-anti-alzheimer-drug-combinations-ru7y6fb3sz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-different-joint-ranking-methods-yield-similar-xrteg83g.png Figure 6. Different joint ranking methods yield similar orderings of drug combinations. The ten best combinations of the ten drug categories that do not include estrogen/progestin or target cognitive ability or mood, as predicted jointly by ANNs trained separately on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets, are rank ordered in three different ways and displayed as heat maps (yellow, drug present; blue, drug absent). Each column represents one of the 10 drug categories (category names are abbreviated). The top ten combinations all include NSAID, antihypertensive, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering drugs, whether the ranking is based on the sum of separately predicted potencies (ROSMAP + NACC SUM), the sum of the ranks of separately predicted potencies (ROSMAP + NACC RANK SUM), or the projections onto the regression line giving NACC potency as a function of ROSMAP potency (NACC(ROSMAP)). Concerning the third method, note that the NACC(ROSMAP) and ROSMAP(NACC) (ROSMAP potency as a function of NACC potency) regressions yield identical orderings of drug-combination predicted potency (Supplementary Figure S5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-combined-cognitive-scores-as-predicted-by-a-44xeyqtf.png Figure 2. The combined cognitive scores as predicted by a single ANN for each age in the ageadvancing sequence for 65 representative drug combinations (every 2000th combination selected from the full set of 131,072 combinations of 17 drugs). Each output unit represented the score of a different cognitive test, so the combined cognitive score was the average over the output unit activations. The combined cognitive score in the no-drug case is shown as a heavy red line. These results show that a substantial proportion of drug combinations are predicted to improve cognitive performance above the no-drug case in a cohort of elderly participants. This ANN was trained on the ROSMAP dataset. The results for ANNs trained on the NACC dataset are similar (Supplementary Figure S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicting-potent-drug-combinations-jointly-from-wf1rlmaf.png Figure 5. Predicting potent drug combinations jointly from ANNs trained on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets for the 1024 combinations of the 10 drug categories that do not include estrogen/progestin or target cognitive ability or mood. (A) The potencies predicted by ANNs trained on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets are highly significantly correlated. The ten best drug combinations as determined jointly in terms of linear regression, sum of potency, or sum of rank of potency as predicted by ANNs trained separately on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets are shown as green line segments, magenta o’s, or cyan x’s, respectively. (B) The top ten drug combinations are ranked according to linear regression (1 is highest) and displayed as a heat map (yellow, drug present; blue, drug absent). Each column represents one of the 10 drug categories. The top ten combinations include NSAID, antihypertensive, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering drugs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicting-potent-drug-combinations-jointly-from-1l2hxcwr.png Figure 3. Predicting potent drug combinations jointly from ANNs trained separately on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets for the 131,072 combinations of 17 drug categories. (A) The potencies predicted by ANNs trained on the ROSMAP and NACC datasets are highly statistically significantly correlated. Each blue dot represents one drug combination, located by its ROSMAP and NACC predicted potency (r is the correlation coefficient, and p is the probability that the correlation occurred by chance). (B) All 131,072 drug combinations are ranked according to predicted potency (top is highest) and displayed as a heat map (yellow, drug present; blue, drug absent). Each column represents one of the 17 drug categories. The most potent drug combinations include anti-Alzheimer’s drugs (shown in the last column). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-drug-combination-potencies-were-predicted-using-30ut48pa.png Figure 1. Drug combination potencies were predicted using trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) composed of simple and compound units. (A) The ANNs had three layers: input, internal, and output. All input units connected to all internal units, and all internal units connected to all output units. ANNs trained on the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) dataset had 113 input and 25 output units, while ANNs trained on the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset had 101 input and 57 output units. Both ANNs had 80 internal units. (B) The internal units were compound units (CUs). Each CU had its own in, out, and gate unit. Both the in and the gate units of each CU received connections from all input-layer units. The gate unit modulated the activation of the CU in unit (i.e., gate unit output multiplies in unit output, signified as •) before it was sent to the CU out unit. Each CU out unit connected to every output-layer unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicting-potent-drug-combinations-jointly-from-2pp0fjn5.png Figure 4. Predicting potent drug combinations jointly from ANNs trained on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets for the 2048 combinations of the 11 drug categories that do not target cognitive ability or mood. (A) The potencies predicted by ANNs trained on the ROSMAP or NACC datasets are highly significantly correlated. (B) The top ten drug combinations are ranked according to predicted potency (1 is highest) and displayed as a heat map (yellow, drug present; blue, drug absent). Each column represents one of the 11 drug categories. The top ten combinations include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), antihypertensive, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering drugs, as well as estrogen/progestin. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-based-on-entrepreneurship-prone-personality-3r0uh0sj36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-5-similarity-criterion-induced-changes-in-average-pdyafp96.png Figure B.5. Similarity-criterion-induced changes in average success rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-characteristics-3vvrs028.png Table 1. Data characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-changes-in-expected-recommendation-2aixczgh.png Figure 1. An example of changes in expected recommendation success when using the average scores approach with different similarity criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-performance-analysis-of-average-scores-3uckrie9.png Table 2. Summary of performance analysis of average scores based on GSOEP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-recommendation-success-using-model-3mnqhbpj.png Figure 2. Expected recommendation success using model calibrated with GSOEP data https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-variations-in-parameters-28mdgyek.png Table B.1. Variations in parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-distribution-of-average-success-rates-p-e-s-351usei4.png Figure B.2. Distribution of average success rates, p = E[S] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-simulated-population-shares-of-entrepreneurs-3f7tzrrg.png Figure B.1. Simulated population shares of entrepreneurs https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-trajectories-and-mechanisms-of-antibiotic-3wmvmo36zt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drug-metabolism-and-resistance-evolution-a-basic-3pyqion0.png Fig. 1. Drug metabolism and resistance evolution. (a) Basic metabolism involves amino acid synthesis from extra-cellular nutrients and subsequent synthesis of proteins in ribosomes. These processes take place with rates 𝜅G and 𝜅H per unit of proteome, respectively, and result in cell growth with rate 𝜆 (blue arrows). Ribosome-targeting drugs (here streptomycin) are transported through the cell membrane (with rates 𝛾9: and 𝛾<=%); intra-cellular drug molecules bind to ribosomes (with an equilibrium constant 𝐾) and impact growth by reducing 𝜅H (19). Resistance evolution by membrane mutations (cyan) reduces the uptake rates of drug and nutrients, 𝛾9: and 𝜅G . (b) Monod’s law describes the dependence of the growth rate on nutritional and translational capacity, 𝜆(𝜅G, 𝜅H) (shaded surface). Drug effects (reduction of 𝜅H , orange arrows) and resistance evolution by membrane mutations (reduction of 𝜅G, cyan arrows) affect growth in mutually dependent ways. Our model establishes computable fitness landscapes for resistance mutants at a given drug level (cyan solid line) and in a drug-free medium (cyan dashed line). These landscapes predict a maximum-growth trajectory of resistance evolution as a function of drug concentration (light cyan line). Rates are shown relative to the wild type in a rich, drug-free medium (dark grey dot; 𝜅H0, 𝜅G$% = 5.9 𝜅H0, 𝜆0$%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicting-mutant-growth-and-resistance-a-the-2kvekuf3.png Fig. 3. Predicting mutant growth and resistance. (a) The predicted maximum-growth trajectory, 𝐺\(𝑑) (light cyan line, cf. Fig. 1b) with onset point for resistance evolution (diamond) is compared to data of membrane mutants in liquid culture. For each mutant, empirical 𝐺 and 𝑅 values are shown at the predicted maximum-fitness point (dots, colors as in Fig. 2, bars give rms. experimental errors). Almost all other growth measureents (gray points) are below the predicted maximum-growth trajectory. (b) The predicted resistance of maximum-growth mutants, 𝑅\(𝑑), is compared to empirical 𝑅 values shown at the predicted maximum-fitness point. Growth conditions: as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-resistance-evolution-by-membrane-mutations-a-b-x1yfmywf.png Fig. 2. Resistance evolution by membrane mutations. (a, b) Resistance, 𝑅 = 𝑑/0/𝑑/0$%, and drug-free growth, 𝑊 = 𝜆0/𝜆0$%, are plotted against the evolutionary change in membrane uptake rates, 𝜀 = 𝛾9:/𝛾9: $% = 𝜅G/𝜅G$%; see equation (2). (c) Evolutionary resistance-cost trade-off, obtained by plotting 𝑊 against 𝑅. Data points are obtained from experimental growth curves of membrane mutants (Methods, Table S2); bars give rms. measurement errors. Mutants are elicited in Luria-Delbrück assays at drug levels 𝑑]^/𝑑/0$% = 0.9, 1.8, 3.7 (violet, pink, red); the wild type is shown for reference (gray). Model predictions (dashed cyan lines) are given by equation (3); the predicted drug-free growth rate 𝑊(𝜅G/𝜅G$%) follows Monod’s law at constant 𝜅H (cf. Fig. 1b). Growth condition: rich LB, 𝜆0$% = 2.0/hr, 𝑑/0$% = 8.7mg/L. Model parameters: 𝑞$% = 5.9, 𝑟$% = 5.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicting-mechanisms-of-drug-resistance-a-c-rates-and-1iyso1wr.png Fig. 4. Predicting mechanisms of drug resistance. (a, c) Rates and phenotypes of resistance mutations in rich agar and minimal glycerol at different drug levels (cyan: membrane mutations; orange: rpsL, ribosome target mutations; green: cpxA, stress response). (b, d) Prevalent growth rates and resistance mechanisms depend on drug and nutrient levels. Observed growth rates (measured in liquid culture) of Luria-Delbrück mutant colonies are shown together with the predicted corridor of likely growth rates (gray squares show growth rate intervals with probability ≥ 0.04, see also Fig. S5). Model predictions of maximum-growth trajectories for different resistance mechanisms: regulation of ribosome content in the wild-type (gray line) compared to hypothetical cell with constant ribosome content (dotted gray line), membrane permeability reduction (light cyan line) with onset point 𝑑iL in rich medium (diamond), cpR stress response system (green line, fitted growth curve, see Fig. S2). The growth rate ranking of mechanisms is emphasized by color shading. Horizontal lines mark a low-growth regime where different metabolic regimes are expected. Growth conditions and model parameters: rich medium (𝜆0$% = 2.0/hr, 𝑑/0$% = 8.7mg/L used as unit for all drug levels, 𝑞$% = 5.9, 𝑟$% = 5.4), glycerol minimal medium (𝜆0$% = 0.39/hr, 𝑞$% = 0.2, 𝑟$% = 1.03). https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-bending-rigidity-for-laminated-fabric-with-3shgt87nh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specifications-of-face-fabrics-j4inyh81.png Table 1 Specifications of face fabrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-load-elongation-curves-of-before-pressing-and-after-3lyuvap2.png Figure 6 Load-Elongation curves of before pressing and after pressing for face fabrics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-model-of-laminated-composite-3hfl0mv9.png Figure 2 Structure model of laminated composite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specifications-of-adhesive-interlinings-wboxmzv9.png Table 2 Specifications of adhesive interlinings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-laminated-fabric-with-adhesive-interlining-3lny0fhg.png Figure 1 Laminated fabric with adhesive interlining. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-bending-rigidities-and-thicknesses-of-pressed-21t0zf6k.png Table 3 The bending rigidities and thicknesses of pressed interlinings https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-absolute-error-between-experimental-results-and-3fv7nii1.png Table 7 Absolute error (%) between experimental results and predicted ones of each sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-absolute-percentage-error-mape-for-aver-all-3vffkyaa.png Table 8 Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE-%) for aver all absolute errors (%) of all samples https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-external-corrosion-for-steel-cylinders-2003-41yuahkoei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-maximum-pit-depth-estimates-for-ettp-pgdp-ports-2gbfg6hr.png Figure 14. Maximum pit depth estimates for ETTP/PGDP/PORTS thin skirted btm cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-minimum-thicknesses-top-and-age-distribution-below-1xexgy3t.png Figure 19. Minimum thicknesses (top) and age distribution (below) for https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-estimated-minimum-point-wall-thickness-2dogzzkt.png Table 5. Comparison of Estimated Minimum Point Wall Thickness Using Different Measurement Methods for Cylinders at K-1066-K Yard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-minimum-thicknesses-top-and-age-distribution-below-h6mcyc7r.png Figure 23. Minimum thicknesses (top) and age distribution (below) for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-maximum-pit-depth-estimates-for-ports-thin-top-oco6psik.png Figure 9. Maximum pit depth estimates for PORTS thin top cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-minimum-thicknesses-top-and-age-distribution-below-yw862csa.png Figure 24. Minimum thicknesses (top) and age distribution (below) for https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-original-thickness-estimates-31f71vq9.png Table 7. Original Thickness Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-pit-depth-estimates-for-pgdp-thin-bottom-35wmxo6i.png Figure 5. Maximum pit depth estimates for PGDP thin bottom, former G-yard cylinders. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-maternal-use-of-friendship-facilitation-4m3nqp82up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-enabling-proximity-to-peers-5wuflbnn.png Table 2. Enabling proximity to peers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-variables-nqq199k0.png Table 1. Descriptive variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-encouragement-and-communication-3282sq9a.png Table 3. Encouragement and communication. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-specific-biomolecule-adsorption-on-silica-26px7u4oxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adsorption-spongy-of-peptides-on-silica-2fkaec3a.png Figure 5. Adsorption spongy of peptides on silica nanoparticles of different size with particular surface features in experiment and simulation at pH = 7.4. (a) Nanoparticle characteristics (from ref. 42) and corresponding model assumptions (np=non-porous). (b) Adsorbed amount of three peptides of different charge per BET surface area in experiment at 1 mM initial peptide concentration. (c) Percentage of time that peptides are in direct contact with the surface (<3 Å) in the simulation. The agreement is good, and the high impact of irregularity on adsorption is seen https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequence-charge-isoelectric-point-and-hydrophilicity-319u47gw.png Table 1. Sequence, charge, isoelectric point, and hydrophilicity of the selected peptides, identified by phage display.10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-peptide-adsorption-on-silica-nanoparticles-of-226e5h21.png Figure 3. Peptide adsorption on silica nanoparticles of average diameter 82 nm with 4.7 silanol groups per nm2 as a function of pH by measurement and simulation. (a) Adsorbed amount of three peptides of different charge as a function of pH at 1 mM initial concentration (from ref. 10). (b) Percentage of time the same peptides spend in close contact with Q3 silica surfaces of different ionization according to simulation (<3 Å). Different pH states of the surface are embodied in the model by differences in silanol ionization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selected-conformation-of-three-peptides-of-1pndjduf.png Figure 4. Selected conformation of three peptides of different charge on Q3 silica surfaces for a series of pH values according to simulation. The surfaces represent silica particles of 82 nm size with 4.7 SiO(H, Na) groups per nm2 and variable ionization. (a-c) The positively charged peptide https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adsorption-strength-of-peptides-bound-to-q3-silica-1vd1isn3.png Table 3. Adsorption strength of peptides bound to Q3 silica surfaces at different pH values, characterized by the percentage of simulation time in close contact with the surface, i.e., <3 Å vertical distance from the superficial layer of silanol oxygen atoms. Amino acids are ranked in the order of proximity to the surface with the closest first. Statistical uncertainties in time averages are 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computed-energy-of-adsorption-of-the-peptides-on-q3-18ymau78.png Table 2. Computed energy of adsorption of the peptides on Q3 silica surfaces of different pH value according to molecular dynamics simulation (±2 kcal/mol). Computed free energies of adsorption are also shown for KPLGWSG (±0.5 kcal/mol). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selected-conformations-of-three-peptides-of-1ypw2snw.png Figure 6. Selected conformations of three peptides of different charge on silica surfaces representing nanoparticles of 210 nm, 82 nm, and 28 nm sizes at pH ~ 7. (a-c) The positively charged peptide KLPGWSG, (d-f) the neutral peptide AFILPTG, (g-i) the negatively charged https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-silica-model-surfaces-for-different-ph-and-v5846qqr.png Figure 2. Silica model surfaces for different pH and particles of different size in top view. (a-d) Regular Q3 surfaces with 4.7 SiO(H, Na) groups per nm2 and different amount of SiO-Na+ groups represent pH values of 3, 5, 7, and 9 for 82 nm size nanoparticles. (e) The regular Q2/Q3 surface with 6.5 SiO(H, Na) groups per nm2 and 20% ionization represents 210 nm size particles at pH 7. High area density of both SiOH and of SiO-Na+ groups results in stronger adsorption of all peptides. Models for particles of 28 nm and 82 nm size at pH 7 correspond to (b) and (c). (f) Summary of correspondence of chosen models to pH and particle size near physiological ionic strength. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-work-roll-initial-crown-according-to-desired-183qwatoov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-roll-force-model-coefficients-and-t-student-test-2pghgojw.png TABLE 4. Roll force model coefficients and t-student test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-herkules-ws450-machine-for-measuring-the-rolls-wsbtpvgx.png Figure 4. Herkules WS450 machine for measuring the rolls wearing crown https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-intention-to-buy-a-battery-electric-vehicle-2f3qq2l1y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-er7yp12h.png Table 1. Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothesized-mediation-model-showing-the-process-c3192rn9.png Figure 1. Hypothesized mediation model showing the process underlying the relationships between perceived accident risk, knowledge, perceived car attributes and the intention to buy a BEV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-results-of-the-hypothesized-mediation-model-39xcbud7.png Figure 2. The results of the hypothesized mediation model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scale-characteristics-3bihysd6.png Table 2. Scale characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-of-intention-to-buy-an-electric-car-3idkppyc.png Table 3. Predictors of intention to buy an electric car https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-creativity-in-young-people-using-frequentist-3hz1agxeih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-bayesian-multiple-regressions-2qgyss0t.png Table 4 Summary of the Bayesian Multiple Regressions Predicting Creative Potential from Openness, IQ, and Engagement in Creative Hobbies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-frequentist-multiple-regressions-21bjljm2.png Table 3 Summary of the Frequentist Multiple Regressions Predicting Creativity from Openness, IQ, and Engagement in Creative Hobbies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-differences-between-the-three-cohorts-for-creative-3e3jsh9h.png Table 5 Differences between the three cohorts for creative potential and predictor variables using null hypothesis significant testing (NHST) and Bayesian analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-sample-sizes-means-and-sds-of-the-39bcudy4.png Table 1 Summary of sample sizes, means and SDs of the creativity variables, individual differences and contextual factors, and wellbeing variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-weekly-engagement-in-creative-hobbies-by-1vtm8bst.png Figure 1: Mean weekly engagement in creative hobbies by cohort (number of days per week). Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-simple-regressions-to-identify-predictors-hsh1jen4.png Table 2 Summary of Simple Regressions to Identify Predictors of Creativity Variables, p values https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-finance-management-in-dementia-managing-bills-1wfvh2gp9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-case-selection-for-analysis-31m1mqbb.png Figure 1. Flowchart of case selection for analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-on-neuropsychological-measures-across-2ztncjtb.png Table 2. Performance on neuropsychological measures across dementia subtypes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-performance-on-paying-bills-and-managing-17x5rk80.png Figure 2. Average performance on paying bills and managing taxes by dementia severity and subtype https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contributors-to-finance-management-across-the-3tjk4cwx.png Table 3. Contributors to finance management across the dementia sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-across-dementia-subtypes-z87ahyrc.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics across dementia subtypes https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-premature-discontinuation-of-opioid-use-3kwve5mrih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variable-importance-of-the-predictors-of-premature-g8x7665a.png Figure 2: Variable importance of the predictors of premature treatment exit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-partial-dependence-plots-of-most-influential-nxolmuq2.png Figure 3: Partial dependence plots of most influential variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-episode-and-variable-inclusion-and-exclusion-7d1jmnxf.png Figure 1: Episode and variable inclusion and exclusion https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-loss-to-follow-up-among-children-with-type-2-234bzlj31c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-at-enrollment-associated-with-participants-2v4t7ja6.png Table 2. Factors at Enrollment Associated with Participants Dropout (N=496) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-at-enrollment-associated-with-participants-29meyo5z.png Table 2. Factors at Enrollment Associated with Participants Dropout (N=496) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-characteristics-at-enrollment-n-496a-nurgi2e2.png Table 1. Participants Characteristics at Enrollment (N=496a) https://scispace.com/papers/prejudice-towards-gay-men-and-a-need-for-physical-cleansing-13d02sdr75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-word-completion-across-research-conditions-among-u7forqbv.png Figure 3. Word completion across research conditions among conservative party activists and nonactivists, Study 4 (N = 80). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-and-expected-frequencies-of-prize-choice-aazfxo5b.png Table 1 Observed and expected frequencies of prize choice distribution across the research conditions, Study 2 (N = 55) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preference-for-cleansing-and-non-cleansing-products-1pwpcfy9.png Figure 4. Preference for cleansing and non-cleansing products across research conditions among activists of conservative political party and non-activists, Study 4 (N = 80). https://scispace.com/papers/prefrontal-stimulation-prior-to-motor-sequence-learning-3kr2yeumky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-task-by-stimulation-effects-on-pattern-similarity-kmtubfj6.png Table 3. Task by stimulation effects on pattern similarity between task practice and RS post stimulation/task. DLPFC - dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dfs - degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-task-by-stimulation-effects-on-pattern-similarity-uvayhbub.png Table 1. Task by stimulation effects on pattern similarity between early and late task practice stages controlling for the visit effect. Bold values indicate p < 0.05. False-discovery-rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons (4 ROIs) was applied with the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure61. *indicates significance at p FDR< 0.05. DLPFC - dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dfs - degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-investigation-of-constructed-wetland-zq8m8sv7zk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-system-1-batch-operated-cw-mfc-hb1ns0y9.png Table 1 Performance of System 1 (batch operated) CW-MFC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-microscope-image-of-the-bacteria-in-system-2-of-the-cw-28to65iy.png Fig. 6. Microscope image of the bacteria in System 2 of the CW-MFC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wastewater-treatment-performance-of-system-2-3884gmno.png Table 2 Wastewater treatment performance of System 2 (continuous flow) CW-MFC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-performance-of-selected-litre-scale-mfcs-27ijbtbr.png Table 3 Comparative performance of selected litre scale MFCs treating real wastewaters. https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-analysis-of-led-enhanced-signs-at-a-passive-48qsvxx7pk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-vehicle-class-designations-3752u9iw.png TABLE 7. VEHICLE CLASS DESIGNATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-percentage-of-sample-population-by-vehicle-class-fhcwmx30.png TABLE 8. PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE POPULATION BY VEHICLE CLASS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lakewood-drive-level-crossing-environment-prior-2fltb7ku.png FIGURE 1. THE LAKEWOOD DRIVE LEVEL CROSSING ENVIRONMENT PRIOR TO THE LED SIGN STUDY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-the-lakewood-drive-level-crossing-with-1rije80i.png FIGURE 2. DIAGRAM OF THE LAKEWOOD DRIVE LEVEL CROSSING WITH DISTANCES TO THE TRACK CENTERLINE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-fra-mobile-driver-feedback-device-deployed-at-3p6jwbw5.png FIGURE 4. THE FRA MOBILE DRIVER FEEDBACK DEVICE DEPLOYED AT THE LAKEWOOD DRIVE LEVEL CROSSING IN SWANTON, VERMONT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-diagram-of-both-led-signs-with-dimensions-left-18py3je7.png FIGURE 3. A DIAGRAM OF BOTH LED SIGNS WITH DIMENSIONS. (LEFT) LED CROSSBUCK (R15-1). (RIGHT) LED ADVANCE WARNING SIGN (W10-1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-project-phase-schedule-2dwsjur5.png TABLE 1. PROJECT PHASE SCHEDULE https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-phase-1-n-282-and-phase-2a-n-132-comparison-1bmygkik.png TABLE 4. PHASE 1 (N=282) AND PHASE 2A (N=132) COMPARISON - NIGHTTIME https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-step-for-a-utc-it-steering-algorithm-based-on-520eqi4p1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-new-utc-it-steering-3538xx0c.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the new UTC(IT) steering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-steering-corrections-estimat-correction-estimated-by-uc247te1.png Fig. 3. Steering corrections estimat correction estimated by the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-measures-used-for-the-steeri-3a5nmomf.png Fig. 2. The measures used for the steeri https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-utcr-utc-k-showig-that-in-utc-may-result-is-an-ap-3c3853o2.png Fig. 11. UTCr-UTC(k) showig that in UTC may result is an ap https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-picture-of-the-devices-realizing-the-utc-it-utc-it-19ipaqj2.png Fig. 8. Picture of the devices realizing the UTC(IT UTC(IT) back up time scales steering alg https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-steered-time-scales-together-w-blue-dots-and-with-the-p6xko95p.png Fig. 10. Steered time scales together w blue dots, and with the additional of a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-diagram-of-the-experimetal-set-up-for-t-inrim-2wjf8jlu.png Fig. 7. Block diagram of the experimetal set up for t INRIM time scales https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-behaviour-of-the-experim-utc-blue-with-dots-1apu9dai.png Fig. 9. The behaviour of the experim UTC (blue with dots), https://scispace.com/papers/preoperative-pressure-pain-threshold-is-associated-with-30c3phwrxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inverse-relationship-between-the-preoperative-3oarn1e7.png Figure 3. Inverse relationship between the preoperative pressure pain threshold (lbs) and the probability of requiring additional postoperative analgesia: the odds of requiring additional analgesia decrease by about 10% for each 1-point increase in pressure pain threshold. The analgesic potency of piritramide is 0.7 of that of morphine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-preoperative-pressure-2187p1kx.png Figure 2. Relationship between preoperative pressure threshold (lbs) and VAS scores reported after surgery. Postop. indicates postoperative; VAS indicates Visual Analog Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vas-scores-reported-perioperatively-friedman-test-p-3cf9o05s.png Figure 1. VAS scores reported perioperatively. Friedman test P < .001, pairwise post hoc tests with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. and Bonferroni adjustment: ** indicates P < .001, * indicates P < .05. VAS indicates Visual Analog Scale. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-flexible-3w07cbokwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-plastisols-and-volume-fractions-of-2la1h48a.png Table 1. Composition of plastisols and volume fractions of copper in plastisols https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electrical-conductivity-on-conductive-filler-volume-2x7bgfx9.png Figure 1. Electrical conductivity on conductive filler volume content3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-measured-density-and-resistivity-values-for-1mh4ur6o.png Table 2. The measured density and resistivity values for different copper volume fractions https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-integration-of-alhat-precision-landing-5adfxg7g0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-illustrations-of-alhat-sensors-and-electronics-10uksvh7.png Figure 13. Illustrations of ALHAT sensors and electronics onboard the Morpheus 1.5B vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gantry-swing-test-at-larc-with-doppler-lidar-optic-dwlktcwj.png Figure 4. Gantry swing test at LaRC with Doppler Lidar optic head and electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-environmental-testing-of-alhat-sensors-and-3gjqc5da.png Figure 7. Environmental testing of ALHAT sensors and electronics was performed to workmanship vibe spectra (left) and to thermal conditions anticipated for flight testing onboard Morpheus (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-jpl-lab-left-was-used-to-test-pointing-hd-and-dem-3vuz48sy.png Figure 3. A JPL lab (left) was used to test pointing, HD and DEM-generation algorithms with a surrogate, eye-safe FL, and the LaRC LDTR (right) was used for integrated-HDS testing, including calibration of the non-eye-safe HDS FL and the overall HDS performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lunar-terrain-model-left-used-in-the-development-of-1vusb241.png Figure 8. Lunar terrain model (left) used in the development of the ALHAT hazard field (right) at KSC. The craters in model are clearly visible in the constructed field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-baffles-protect-ndl-and-lalt-scopes-from-takeoff-2b26d6fl.png Figure 9. Baffles protect NDL and LAlt scopes from takeoff and landing ground ejecta; view from base of NDL optic head without baffle sleeves (left), side view of DL with full baffles attached (center), and view of LAlt with baffle (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phases-of-alhat-operation-for-enabling-safe-258jtga3.png Figure 1. Phases of ALHAT operation for enabling safe precision landing. Approximate altitudes for phases are shown, along with typical timelines for various sensors being processed within ALHAT Nav. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-alhat-and-morpheus-flatsat-testing-of-hds-left-and-m908gd27.png Figure 11. ALHAT and Morpheus FlatSat testing of HDS (left) and NDL (center) electronics and software interfaces, plus the NavTB for assessing Nav pose initialization and drift (right). https://scispace.com/papers/prenylcysteine-oxidase-1-a-pro-oxidant-enzyme-of-low-density-2mytn9hqog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regulation-of-pcyox1-expression-with-different-1268c8fm.png Table 6. Regulation of PCYOX1 expression with different chemical compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-changes-of-pcyox1-gene-expression-in-different-to2kkinz.png Table 7. Changes of PCYOX1 gene expression in different tumors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transcription-factors-found-to-control-pcyox1-gene-1z8m80bk.png Table 2. Transcription factors found to control PCYOX1 gene expression in HepG2 (14, 21, 48) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-protein-interactions-of-human-pcyox1-and-the-cell-2x7s3dh3.png Table 5. Protein interactions of human PCYOX1 and the cell processes involved https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-post-translational-modifications-of-human-pcyox1-and-25ib9bgf.png Table 4. Post-translational modifications of human PCYOX1 and participant amino acids https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-hepatic-pcyox1-expression-according-to-h3a760hi.png Table 3. Changes in hepatic Pcyox1 expression according to Genome Expressed Omnibus data bank and Array express. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dna-changes-observed-in-the-coding-region-of-the-71nbtows.png Table 1. DNA changes observed in the coding region of the PCYOX1 gene in different human populations. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-properties-of-an-immobilized-cellulase-on-4pkalnrnqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immobilization-of-cellulase-on-eudragit-l-100-by-ujvnj1nm.png Figure 1. Immobilization of cellulase on Eudragit L-100 by four methods. The initially added cellulase protein and activity was taken as 100%. Data are means SD of triplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-storage-stability-of-free-and-immobilized-1obs4qcz.png Figure 7. The storage stability of free and immobilized cellulase at 4°C, room temperature (RT) and 50°C. The initial activity of free and immobilized cellulase was taken as 100%. Data are means SD of triplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solubility-of-eudragit-and-eudragit-cellulase-at-2w91zxvb.png Figure 4. Solubility of Eudragit and Eudragit–cellulase at different pH values. The minimum and maximum absorbance values of the two solutions were 0% and 100%, respectively. Data are means SD of triplicates. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-activated-carbon-and-silica-particles-from-t4a00reznu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-characteristics-of-crude-lh-a-b-and-shlp-c-1p25tzy1.png Figure 4. Thermal characteristics of crude LH (a,b) and SHLP (c,d): (a,c) DSC and (b,d) TGA thermographs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-a-b-d-e-and-tem-c-f-of-a-lh-b-c-ac-d-shlp-and-e-1sxa7w59.png Figure 5. SEM (a,b,d,e) and TEM (c,f) of (a) LH, (b,c) AC, (d) SHLP, and (e,f) silica. Insets in SEM: scale bar = 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-for-a-isolation-of-celluloses-lignin-rich-11o14g9g.png Figure 1. Scheme for (a) isolation of celluloses, lignin-rich filtrate 1, and silica-rich filtrate 2 from rice straw; (b) activated carbon from filtrate 1; and (c) silica from filtrate 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nitrogen-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-of-a-b-c-d-gfmroor8.png Figure 6. Nitrogen adsorption−desorption isotherms of (a,b,c,d) of LH and AC (800 °C, 0.5 h, N2) and (e,f) SHLP and silica (500 °C, 0.5 h, air): (a,e) isotherm, (b) BJH neck-size distribution, (c,f) BJH pore/cavity width distribution, and (d) micropore hydraulic diameter distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uv-vis-spectra-of-filtrates-from-rice-straw-2dqbhllj.png Figure 2. UV−vis spectra of filtrates from rice straw isolation shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-properties-of-lh-ac-shlp-and-silica-deduced-7z1r8rp7.png Table 2. Physical Properties of LH, AC, SHLP, and Silica Deduced from N2 Adsorption−Desorption at 77 K https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elemental-compositions-wt-of-crude-lh-and-shlp-and-34k55u43.png Table 1. Elemental Compositions (wt%) of Crude LH and SHLP and Their Respective Pyrolyzed Products: AC (800 °C, 30 min) and Silica (500 °C, 0.5 h) https://scispace.com/papers/prerequisites-for-the-successful-launch-of-enterprise-social-3tn6v2oqo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prerequisites-for-a-successful-implementation-of-5goh674i.png Fig. 2: Prerequisites for a successful implementation of enterprise social networks, clustered following a Human-Technology-Organisation Analysis approach https://scispace.com/papers/preparing-the-future-post-mortem-analysis-of-beryllium-based-4q31i4hh85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-raman-spectra-of-deposited-samples-1-2-t2dmc68j.png Figure 2. Normalized Raman spectra of deposited samples 1, 2 and 3 (S1, S2 and S3) compared to commercial Be microcrystal (RS), for four laser excitation wavelengths: (a) 633 nm, (b) 514 nm, (c) 488 nm and (d) 325 nm. The bands marked by stars are due to other electronic transitions from the laser media. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-in-depth-penetration-of-acgk0bwz.png Figure 4. Comparison of in depth penetration of electromagnetic wave implanted D ions. (a) The transmittance is plotted for 244, 325, 407, 488, 514, 633 and 785 nm. The red rectangle is for the wavelengths used in this study (325-514 nm). An arbitrary extinction criterion is defined as when the transmittance equals 10%. (b) Using this criterion, the penetration depth is plotted as a function of the excitation wavelength. (c, d) D implantation and vacancy profiles for two implantation geometries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-multiwavelength-raman-spectra-of-codeposited-be-c-14olqq74.png Figure 6. Multiwavelength Raman spectra of codeposited Be+C samples. The Be/C flux is 0.3 (a). The Be/C flux is 1.0 (b). Calculated vibrational modes are also displayed, for comparison. Bars in black correspond to our calculations, bars in grey correspond to calculations from [58]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-be-phonon-density-of-states-a-and-2nd-harmonic-pdos-byy7g1zp.png Figure 3. Be phonon density of states (a) and 2nd harmonic PDOS (b) spectral regions. In (a), the phonon density of states is obtained directly by using INS and PCEPI methods [53]. We derive the PDOS from Raman spectra after removing the E2G Raman active mode to the total spectrum (sample 1 and 2 are used here, with full and dashed grey lines, respectively. The PDOS obtained for sample 3 is not shown because of a low signal to noise ratio). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raman-spectra-of-materials-relevant-for-plasma-wall-2zp6w2kt.png Figure 1. Raman spectra of materials relevant for plasma wall interactions . All spectra were recorded in the same experimental conditions. See the text for details. Silicon is used as a reference. L=514 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-raman-parameter-plots-a-hpdos-hbe-as-a-function-of-2jhxiz7v.png Figure 7. Raman parameter plots. (a) HPDOS/HBe as a function of Be. (b) Be in function of Be. The data were gathered from figure 2, 4, and 6. Lines are guides for the eyes. In the legend, "90° Impl." and "45° Impl." stand for pristine Be implanted by D, "Be+C" stand for Be + C codeposit with Be/C=1 because there is no beryllium band for the Be/C=0.3 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-raman-spectra-of-d-implanted-be-samples-59z94o3u.png Figure 5. Normalized Raman spectra of D implanted Be samples. Geometry implantation (90° and 45°) are compared with the 514 nm laser excitation. The 45° implanted sample is also analyzed with 488 nm and 325 nm laser excitations. https://scispace.com/papers/presentation-assistant-and-kiosk-interaction-with-fiducial-2l2jawzb9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fiducial-marker-pattern-used-to-control-presentation-2i3j8dni.png Fig. 1. Fiducial marker pattern used to control presentation slides. https://scispace.com/papers/preservation-of-atomically-clean-silicon-surfaces-in-air-by-ttwbaejeza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-leed-pattern-of-the-chemically-passivated-h-si-111-18l6ui5u.png FIG. 1. ~a! LEED pattern of the chemically passivated H/Si(111)131 surface preserved for 2 weeks under ambient conditions by contact bon and debonded in UHV. Electron energy is 80 eV.~b! surface preserved in identical manner to~a!, but exposed to ambient conditions in load-lock for min, then reintroduced into UHV. Identical LEED imaging conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-leed-pattern-of-h-si-100-231-reconstructed-surface-26zrhd96.png FIG. 3. LEED pattern of H/Si(100)231 reconstructed surface after contac ing in UHV and venting chamber 1 h. After restoration of UHV, the surfac are moved apart and one is imaged. Half-order peak due to the 231 surface reconstruction indicated by arrow. The high background is intrinsic, du the surface preparation procedure prior to venting the chamber. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-adaptive-honeycomb-a-new-adaptive-structure-for-33ke000d6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-three-point-bend-test-was-carried-out-to-compare-wj8lag4v.png Figure 4. A three-point bend test was carried out to compare to results from FE calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contemporary-morphing-concepts-ss04in6x.png Figure 1. Contemporary morphing Concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-three-point-bend-test-and-correlation-to-2u047q55.png Figure 5. Results of three-point bend test and correlation to FE results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-section-lift-coefficient-versus-angle-of-attack-83802bru.png Figure 10. Section lift coefficient versus angle of attack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wind-tunnel-experimental-test-article-and-test-279lkkys.png Figure 9. Wind tunnel experimental test article and test setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proof-of-concept-pressure-adaptive-honeycomb-39dc3kxn.png Figure 2. Proof-of-concept pressure adaptive honeycomb structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-two-types-of-pressure-adaptive-344309oc.png Table 2. Characteristics of two types of pressure adaptive honeycomb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maximum-strains-in-longitudinal-x-and-lateral-y-1bwjwtwv.png Figure 6. Maximum strains in longitudinal (x) and lateral (y) direction with no plastic deformation in the cell walls, based on the assumption of a small thickness-to-length ratio of the cell wall (t/l < 1/4). https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-distribution-on-propeller-blade-surface-using-i3cwm9rt47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-propeller-geometric-characteristics-43-1o9uwhct.png Table 1 - Propeller Geometric Characteristics 43 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-open-water-performance-of-ihi-model-propeller-mp-11l2ywy4.png Figure 10 - Open-Water Performance of IHI Model Propeller MP 282 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-pressure-distribution-on-nsmb-propeller-at-j-0-6-1u6dsbek.png Figure 18 - Pressure Distribution on NSMB Propeller at J = 0.6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pressure-distribution-on-ihi-model-propeller-mp-3bicsi92.png Figure 11 - Pressure Distribution on IHI Model Propeller MP 282 at J = 1.054 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-the-effect-of-qiordwise-py5qvh3w.png Figure 6 - Schematic Representation of the Effect of Qiordwise Vortices on the i^" Pressure Point https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-pressure-distribution-on-dtnsrdc-propeller-4718-at-ar6qwyyq.png Figure 14 - Pressure Distribution on DTNSRDC Propeller 4718 at J = 0.75 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horseshoe-vortices-on-blade-and-in-wake-1rbmdfoh.png Figure 3 - Horseshoe Vortices on Blade and in Wake https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-discrete-singularity-distribution-for-s37a0a1l.png Figure 5 - Discrete Singularity Distribution for TwoDimensional Airfoil Section https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-dependence-of-the-superconducting-and-magnetic-3wo39txdzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-pressure-phase-diagram-of-sr2vo3feas-the-2r315yts.png FIG. 3. Temperature-pressure phase diagram of Sr2VO3FeAs. The magnetic transition temperatures TN (black squares) were determined from the midpoint of the temperature dependence of the paramagnetic fraction (Fig. 2). The onset superconducting transition temperatures Tc (red stars) were measured by dc-magnetization measurements. Below 0.6 GPa, the static, long-range magnetic (M) order is suppressed with increasing pressure while the superconducting order (SC) is enhanced until Tc ≈ TN . Above 0.6 GPa, the trend of TN is reversed and TN and Tc increase simultaneously. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-paramagnetic-fraction-of-sr2vo3feas-as-a-function-of-2j6ulshg.png FIG. 2. Paramagnetic fraction of Sr2VO3FeAs as a function of temperature for representative pressure points determined by TF μSR at 5 mT. The error bars are smaller than the data point symbols. The sample is virtually fully magnetic at low temperatures for all pressures. The remaining 60 % of the paramagnetic signal is due to muons stopping in the pressure cell. The solid lines are fits using a normal cumulative distribution function assuming a Gaussian distribution of magnetic transition temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-full-width-at-half-maximum-fwhm-values-of-the-51v-3vq21oh0.png FIG. 8. (a) Full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of the 51V line as a function of temperature. (b) 51V-1/T2 values as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-t1t-values-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-a-75as-2llaisns.png FIG. 7. 1/T1T values as a function of temperature for (a) 75As- and (b) 51V-NMR measurement results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-temperature-dependence-of-the-magnetic-volume-2dsv9kki.png FIG. 4. (a) Temperature dependence of the magnetic volume fraction for Sr2VO3FeAs sample I and sample II at ambient pressure determined by 5 mT TF μSR. The error bars are smaller than the data point symbols. A small part of sample II exhibits a transition around 110 K. Further, the magnetic fraction at low temperatures is lower than in sample I. (b) Paramagnetic fraction of sample II as a function of temperature for various pressures. Roughly 50 % of the signal comes from the pressure cell. The solid lines are fits using a normal cumulative distribution function assuming a Gaussian distribution of magnetic transition temperatures. Inset: ACS signal as a function of temperature for various pressures. (c) Temperature-pressure phase diagram of sample II. While the transition temperatures are different from those of sample I, the phase diagrams still shows the same qualitative behavior. TN decreases with pressure until TN ≈ Tc. For higher pressures, TN and Tc increase simultaneously. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-magnetization-vs-temperature-for-sr2vo3feas-at-maxrt818.png FIG. 5. Magnetization vs temperature for Sr2VO3FeAs at different pressures after subtraction of the cell contribution. The data were shifted to overlap above Tc for better comparability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-moessbauer-spectra-at-different-temperatures-1rdq80oj.png FIG. 6. Moessbauer spectra at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-representative-zero-field-zf-msr-spectra-of-10rlqy3k.png FIG. 1. (a) Representative zero-field (ZF) μSR spectra of polycrystalline Sr2VO3FeAs at ambient pressure. The (heavily damped) oscillations at lower temperatures are due to the onset of static, long-range magnetic order. The solid lines are fits using the model introduced in Eq. (1). (b) Left axis: Internal magnetic field Bint at the minority (black squares) and majority (blue stars) muon stopping sites as a function of temperature. At 35 K, the determination of the small Bint is difficult due to strong damping of the signal, leading to very large error bars. At the other temperatures, the error bars are smaller than the data point symbols. Right axis: Paramagnetic fraction (red open squares) of the Sr2VO3FeAs sample as a function of temperature determined by 5 mT transverse-field (TF) μSR. Inset: Representative 5 mT TF μSR spectra. The paramagnetic fraction of the sample is determined from the oscillation amplitude. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-impulse-diagrams-for-an-elastic-plastic-member-801t9m7l94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-pressure-impulse-diagram-ov6p54f8.png Figure 5. Typical pressure-impulse diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-n1-values-for-varying-r-and-t-values-a-0-7-b-0-3-21wj1myb.png Table 1. n1 values for varying ρ and τ values (α = 0.7 & β = 0.3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-n2-values-for-varying-r-and-t-values-a-0-7-b-0-3-26dyg9u5.png Table 2. n2 values for varying ρ and τ values (α = 0.7 & β = 0.3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pressure-impulse-curves-for-varying-r-and-t-values-34ktimx9.png Figure 9. Pressure-impulse curves for varying ρ and τ values (α = 0.7 & β = 0.3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ufc-3-340-02-idealised-internal-blast-model-f1jnymy8.png Figure 1. UFC-3-340-02 idealised internal blast model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-realistic-and-simplified-record-of-pressures-for-3jbltz9c.png Figure 2. Realistic and simplified record of pressures for internal blasts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-normalised-p-i-curves-generated-for-two-different-382n2m5l.png Figure 8. Normalised P-I curves generated for two different bilinear pulse shapes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-n2-values-for-varying-a-and-b-values-r-0-4-and-t-0-4-1jdtjptz.png Table 4. n2 values for varying α and β values (ρ = 0.4 and τ = 0.4) https://scispace.com/papers/pressures-towards-and-against-formalization-regulation-and-1asbewrnz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-modernization-of-regulations-and-institutions-2fepcy1d.png Table 1 The modernization of regulations and institutions https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-persistence-of-potentially-pathogenic-and-14mo36m07r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-drug-susceptibility-patterns-of-bacteria-recovered-2bhy3snx.png Table 3 Drug susceptibility patterns of bacteria recovered in influent samples from pilot-scale anaerobic digesters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-distribution-of-bacterial-strains-isolated-2pfo7l9i.png Table 1 Species distribution of bacterial strains isolated from influent samples showing the frequency of identification between Gram positive cocci (GPC) and Gram negative, as enterobacteria (ENT) and non-fermenting Gram-negative rods (NFR). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-species-distribution-of-bacterial-strains-isolated-2dvr6mkc.png Table 2 Species distribution of bacterial strains isolated from effluent samples showing the frequency of identification between Gram positive cocci (GPC) and Gram negative, as enterobacteria (ENT), non-fermenting Gram-negative rods (NFR) and others Gram negatives (GNR). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-value-of-viable-microbial-counts-log-cfu-ml-1-of-3vvmgxyg.png Fig. 1. Mean value of viable microbial counts (log CFU mL 1) of initial load (1st day), and effluent samples (15th, 30th and 60th days), times 15–60, from pilot-scale anaerobic digesters. ENT: Gram-negative rods from the Enterobacteriaceae family; NFR: non-fermenting Gram-negative rods; GPC/C+: Gram-positive cocci/ Catalase-positive; GPC/C-: Gram-positive cocci/ Catalase-negative. Different letters including lowercase or uppercase letters and ‘‘⁄’’ indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-drug-susceptibility-patterns-of-bacteria-recovered-3r5goi8l.png Table 4 Drug susceptibility patterns of bacteria recovered in effluent samples from pilot-scale anaerobic digesters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frequency-of-drug-resistant-bacteria-and-multiple-29ga8j1x.png Table 5 Frequency of drug-resistant bacteria and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index among microbial groups isolated from pilot-scale anaerobic digesters samples. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-childhood-abuse-among-people-who-are-homeless-2nhk43m37f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-study-sample-sizes-3u7h473d.png Figure 2: Distribution of study sample sizes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indicates-that-more-recent-studies-show-higher-2jpg3qpc.png Table 2 indicates that more recent studies show higher prevalence rates (perhaps indicating changes in willingness to report CPA over time or changes in how CPA is perceived or defined by researchers). Age is also associated with prevalence – with younger samples tending to report higher rates of CPA. Although age may be confounded with length of https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-time-course-of-post-stroke-pain-a-multicenter-4afu11kg4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-npsi-findings-38d405xf.png Table 2 NPSI findings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-risk-factors-for-the-different-types-of-pain-2nokq3ch.png Table 3 Risk factors for the different types of pain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prevalence-of-post-stroke-pain-and-the-different-li1ihprz.png Figure 2 Prevalence of post-stroke pain and the different pain types. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference among the different stroke stages (P< 0.05, by v2-test). CPSP¼ central post-stroke pain. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-proximal-caries-in-adults-and-children-at-3k3s9zi4ez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pairwise-comparison-between-each-sample-group-of-the-sonqd1sl.png Table 4: Pairwise comparison between each Sample group of the median number of carious surfaces in subjects who are not free from proximal caries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-distribution-of-gender-age-and-type-of-uwdwp37a.png Table 1: Frequency distribution of gender, age and type of radiographs among the sample groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-distribution-of-gender-type-of-radiographs-1fuz0qsh.png Table 2: Frequency distribution of gender, type of radiographs, total caries status, proximal caries status and occlusal caries status among 4 sample groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-comparison-between-each-sample-group-of-the-32x9adt2.png Table 3: Pairwise comparison between each Sample group of the median number of carious surfaces in subjects who are not free from caries https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-copd-among-symptomatic-patients-in-a-primary-lx0j8nu17l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-key-findings-from-modified-ats-respiratory-2lb8ea0h.png Table 5. Key findings from modified ATS respiratory questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pre-and-post-bronchodilator-spirometry-measures-351gg8oo.png Table 4. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-of-airway-obstruction-post-bronchodilator-2yenlgoa.png Table 3. Predictors of airway obstruction (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio 0.70). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demography-and-patient-characteristics-2o854hhi.png Table 1. Demography and patient characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-number-of-patients-with-post-2xgnoyj0.png Table 2. Frequency (number) of Patients with Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 70%. https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-invasions-of-asian-longhorn-beetle-and-citrus-1ji53m1nqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-anoplophora-spp-establishments-detected-by-2toh1l75.png Figure 3 Number Anoplophora spp. establishments detected by time period and country. 328 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geographical-distribution-of-established-2n029f50.png Figure 5 Geographical distribution of established populations of ALB in North America, by year of 346 detection. a) Status of establishments up to 2008, b) status of establishments from 2009 to 2020. Red 347 dots represent active establishments, green dots eradicated establishments (as of April 2021) 1996: 348 Brooklyn, New York, USA (1), Long Island, New York, USA (2); 1998: Chicago, Illinois, USA (3), 349 Addison, Illinois, USA (4), Summit, Illinois, USA (5); 1999: Park Ridge, Illinois, USA (6); 2000: 350 Islip, New York, USA (7), Chicago O´Hare, Illinois, USA (8); 2003: Vaughan, Ontario, Canada (9); 351 2004: Carteret and Linden (2006), New Jersey and Prall and Staten Island (2007), New York, USA 352 (10); 2008: Worcester, Massachusetts, USA (11); 2010: Boston, Massachusetts, USA (12); 2011: Tate 353 Township, Ohio, USA (13), Monroe Township, Ohio, USA (14), Batavia/Stonelick Townships, Ohio, 354 USA (15); 2013: Mississauga, Ontario, Canada (16); 2020: Hollywood, South Carolina, USA (17). 355 356 357 At the local scale 358 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-anoplophora-spp-eradication-attempts-by-country-and-16gzg4sp.png Figure 9 Anoplophora spp. eradication attempts by country and their respective status, as of December 531 2020 (active or eradicated). 532 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geographical-distribution-of-established-16qghc4b.png Figure 4 Geographical distribution of established populations of ALB in Europe by year of detection. 330 a) Status of establishments up to 2008, b) status of establishments from 2009 to 2020. Red dots 331 represent active establishments, green dots eradicated establishments (as of April 2021): 2001: 332 Braunau, Austria (1); 2002: Gien, France (2); 2003: Sainte-Anne-sur-Brivet, France (3); 2004: 333 Neukirchen, Germany (4); 2005: Bornheim, Germany (5); 2007: Corbetta, Italy (6); 2008: Strasbourg, 334 France (7); 2009: Cornuda, Italy (8); 2010: Maser, Italy (9), Almere, Netherlands (10); 2011: 335 Brünisried, Switzerland (11); 2012: Geinberg, Austria (12), Feldkirchen, Germany (13),Winterswijk, 336 Netherlands (14), Winterthur, Switzerland (15), Paddock Wood, UK (16); 2013: Gallspach, Austria 337 (17), Furiani, France (18), Grottazzolina, Italy (19); 2014: Magdeburg, Germany (20), Neubiberg, 338 Germany (21), Ziemetshausen, Germany (22), Marly, Switzerland (23); 2015: Vantaa, Finland (24), 339 Grenzach-Whylen, Germany (25), Budva, Montenegro (26), Porto San Giorgio,Italy (27), Berikon, 340 Switzerland (28) ; 2016: Divonne-les-Bains, France (29), Kelheim, Germany (30), Murnau, Germany 341 (31), Hildrizhausen, Germany (32), Ostra and Senigalia, Italy (33); 2017: Trescore Balneario, Italy 342 (34); 2018: Vaie, Italy (35), Cuneo, Italy (36); 2019: Civitanova, Italy (37), Miesbach, Germany (38). 343 344 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-summary-of-the-steps-of-invasion-and-management-3p5n46e7.png Figure 11 Summary of the steps of invasion and management strategies of Anoplophora spp. 903 * in invaded range. 904 905 https://scispace.com/papers/prevention-management-of-postoperative-nausea-and-vomiting-2vucy0kaw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distrubution-of-ponv-pdnv-1o9r2lmp.png Figure 1. Distrubution of PONV/PDNV https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-characteristics-of-clients-identified-with-ponv-15zhho8g.png Table 1 Risk Characteristics of Clients Identified with PONV/PDNV or Motion Sickness https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-rater-biases-in-360-degree-feedback-by-forcing-4ty2qm4d8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-opq32-traits-and-imc-215g24vm.png Table 5 Correlations between OPQ32 traits and IMC competencies scored by multiple-group measurement models Self (N=202) Others, mean (N=208) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchical-nesting-of-external-raters-raters-are-e6ystsr9.png Figure 1. Hierarchical nesting of external raters. Raters are nested within perspectives (boss =, peers = and subordinates = ), and perspectives are nested within targets of assessment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-the-method-factor-loadings-in-33ewv87d.png Table 2 Correlations between the Method factor loadings in perspective-specific analyses Self Boss Peers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-agreement-among-external-observers-boss-peers-and-623itzai.png Table 4 Agreement among external observers (boss, peers and subordinates) within corresponding sampling units, by multiple-group measurement model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-goodness-of-fit-for-alternative-measurement-models-pbg44u3j.png Table 1 Goodness of fit for alternative measurement models in perspective-specific analyses Model SS SS-Method FC** https://scispace.com/papers/price-forecasting-for-spot-instances-in-cloud-computing-13qbjj9veg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-matrix-of-state-transition-probabilities-2859634q.png Table 1: The matrix of state transition probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-normal-qq-plots-of-residuals-for-the-mape-of-dmrs-2ygbzytb.png Figure 14: Normal QQ plots of residuals for the MAPE of DMRS-AR-L on ”c4.2xlargeus-east-1c-linux-unix” with the forecast period equals to 90 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-differences-of-means-with-95-family-wise-tukey-2mchzvzc.png Figure 15: Differences of means with 95% family-wise Tukey confidence levels on ”c4.2xlarge-us-east-1c-linux-unix” with forecast period of 90 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clustering-results-of-dbscan-for-spot-prices-of-3frjvyk4.png Figure 2: Clustering results of DBSCAN for spot prices of Amazon EC2 virtual machine type ”m4.4xlarge-us-east-1e” https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mape-of-different-time-window-lengths-jk7akrzt.png Table 2: MAPE of different time window lengths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spot-prices-in-dollars-of-amazon-ec2-virtual-2yl9c4x6.png Figure 1: The spot prices in dollars of Amazon EC2 virtual machine type “m4.2xlarge-useast-1b-linux-unix” of period from 01-05-2016 to 08-05-2016 and “m4.2xlarge-us-east-1dlinux-unix” of period from 03-05-2017 to 14-05-2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-acf-of-amazon-ec2-vm-type-c4-2xlarge-us-east-1b-ogohko38.png Figure 4: ACF of Amazon EC2 VM type ”c4.2xlarge-us-east-1b-linux-unix” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-predicted-prices-of-different-forecast-algorithms-3mxl58yc.png Figure 8: Predicted prices of different forecast algorithms on the second class of prices. https://scispace.com/papers/price-response-asymmetric-information-and-competition-291bh50tom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3a-3j-wholesale-price-and-average-retail-price-by-35wkitam.png Figures 3A – 3J: Wholesale price and average retail price by product (Shekels per kilogram (Y axis), daily, April 2 – August 4, 2009 (X axis)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-number-of-observations-by-weekday-number-of-lags-2rjzblum.png Table 10: Number of observations by weekday, number of lags, direction of wholesale price, and firm type (Subset 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-legend-for-tables-7-8-and-9a-9d-3fjeh5r9.png Table 6: Legend for Tables 7, 8, and 9A – 9D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-mahane-yehuda-58-3b5473fe.png Figure 2: Map of Mahane Yehuda 58 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-price-level-regression-shekels-per-kilogram-v7uqbiel.png Table 5: OLS price level regression (shekels per kilogram) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-predictions-of-the-theoretical-model-when-isolated-37mjmdr9.png Table 7: Predictions of the theoretical model when isolated firms pool 57 (calculation using coefficients estimated from Equation 2 in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12b-results-of-cumulative-response-equality-tests-31rwn6xr.png Table 12B: Results of cumulative response equality tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-12a-predictions-of-tests-of-cumulative-response-6frrg1dh.png Table 12B: Results of cumulative response equality tests https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-and-incentives-in-publicly-subsidized-health-care-4vhyfzibpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-aggregate-changes-of-plans-premiums-and-lis-zh360alo.png Table 8: Aggregate Changes of Plans Premiums and LIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-enrollment-into-pdp-in-2010-3p78ner7.png Table 3: Enrollment into PDP in 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-support-bids-by-aetna-2mc6cckb.png Figure 6: ”Support Bids” by Aetna https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-counterfactual-premiums-no-lis-enrolles-year-2008-357q8fs3.png Table 12: Counterfactual Premiums: No LIS Enrolles - Year 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-15zxz8br.png Table 4: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bid-test-for-aetna-and-medco-vecqniwu.png Figure 7: Bid Test for Aetna and Medco https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-enrollees-by-type-of-enrollee-9l4u4k9u.png Table 7: Number of Enrollees by Type of Enrollee https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-demand-estimates-all-pdp-in-all-regions-and-years-p18fvuja.png Table 11: Demand Estimates - All PDP in all regions and years https://scispace.com/papers/primal-dual-algorithms-for-deterministic-inventory-problems-3i6rgxmqbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-waveform-specification-of-the-budgetbit-and-1xaw25ek.png Figure 2.1: The waveform specification of the budgetbit and its allocation. https://scispace.com/papers/prime-slaughter-playful-prime-numbers-12b0xuy8ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-splitting-numbers-could-represent-division-on-the-20p1nj5y.png Figure 2. Splitting numbers could represent division (on the left); pruning a tree can be like multiplication: each new cut creates many new branches (central image). On the right an actual screenshot of the same level in the current prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-play-styles-the-mixed-group-is-facing-the-2i0c5f7t.png Figure 1. Different play styles; the mixed group is facing the camera. https://scispace.com/papers/primordial-black-holes-as-dark-matter-converting-constraints-30le6rq5m7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-maximum-allowed-pbhs-fraction-for-ln-distributions-2i1uzeyy.png Figure 9: Maximum allowed PBHs fraction for LN distributions for different sets of observables. Left Panel : Microlensing and CMB constraints. The black dashed line corresponds to the δ = 10−3 curve shown in the left panel of Fig. 6. Central Panel : Microlensing, UFDG and CMB constraints. The black dotted and dashed line corresponds to the δ = 10−3 curve shown in the central and right panel of Fig. 6. Only constraints below these lines can be considered as theoretically consistent. Right Panels: sections, chosen to intercept the maximum, of the maximum fPBH allowed as a function of µ. Blue dotted-dashed line signals the region of shallower validity conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-new-method-proposed-in-this-2x2b5oue.png Figure 1: Illustration of the new method proposed in this paper. Upper Panels: Microlensing (EROS-2, MACHO), ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDG) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints for MMD. Solid lines are used for constraints generally considered robust to astrophysical assumptions, while dashed lines are used for constraints which robustness has yet to be fully discussed in the literature. Lower Panels: Examples of Power Law (on the left) and Lognormal (on the right) mass distributions. The vertical dotted lines highlight the position of the equivalent mass for each observable, calculated from Equations 3.12, 3.16 and 3.20. From their intersection with the corresponding constraint in the upper panels, we extract the set of four maximum PBHs allowed fractions f̂PBH. The fraction of PBHs that satisfies the four constraints at once is the minimum of the four, i.e. f̂EROS2PBH for the Power Law and f̂UFDGPBH for the Lognormal. This is then the maximum fPBH allowed for that EMD and that combination of observables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-representation-of-the-criterion-proposed-1mqxl6qt.png Figure 5: Schematic representation of the criterion proposed to ensure that an EMD does not have significant contributions from masses outside the range of validity for a given observable and the adopted modelling. The mass rage of validity is indicated by M±lim, δ quantifies a tolerance i.e, how much the EMD is required to drop from its maximum before we accept that the tails of the distribution may extend beyond the range of validity. In this example, for δ = 10−1 this EMD is considered in the range of valid. This is not the case for the more stringent δ = 10−5 tolerance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parameter-space-region-of-validity-in-gray-for-2pxz6pd0.png Figure 6: Parameter-space region of validity (in gray) for Lognormal distributions, in the cases of CMB (left panel) and UFDG (central and right panel) formalism. The region have been obtained according to the limits presented in Section 3 and different values of δ. We show two different cases for ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. In the central panel, we considered just the mass limits that come with the description of Equation 3.13, while in the right panel we include limitations due to the presence of a central PBH that further stabilises the dwarf galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-e-t-1-and-experimental-differential-1g37b1bz.png Figure 2: Theoretical (ε(∆t) = 1) and experimental differential event rate for a MMD with Meq = 0.3M , two PL and a LN with Mmax = 100M and σ = 1.0. Mmin and µ have been obtained with Equation 3.12 imposing the same equivalent mass of the MMD. The stars source is the LMC, whose parameters can be found in [51, 58]. We assume fPBH = 1 for every distribution to calculate the EM. Notice the level of concordance of the expected number of events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-difference-in-temperature-left-panel-and-2tgxhjcx.png Figure 4: Relative difference in temperature (left panel) and polarization (right panel) power spectra for two PL and one LN distributions with respect to a MMD with Meq = 30M , all of them with the same Equivalent Mass. In the PL case we fixed γ and Mmin = 1M , while in the LN we have fixed σ = 1.0; Mmax and µ were calculated using Equation 3.20 and assuming fPBH = 1 for every distribution. We chose to show the photoionization limit case, since it is the most constraining case. Finally we have used α = 0.2 because it keeps the differences with respect to the MMD case under the cosmic variance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lognormal-solid-lines-and-monochromatic-dotted-pgaxmgq6.png Figure 8: Lognormal (solid lines) and Monochromatic (dotted lines) constraints for different σ. Solid lines are used for constraints generally considered robust while dashed lines for constraints which dependence on astrophysical assumptions is less known. Diamond markers have been added on top of dashed lines in parameter space regions where validity conditions (for δ = 10−3) are not fulfilled. The 10− 100 M window closes as soon as σ starts growing. When σ decreases, EMD constraints tend to MMD ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maximum-allowed-pbhs-fraction-for-pl-distributions-3fq33kjj.png Figure 10: Maximum allowed PBHs fraction for PL distributions for different γ and sets of observables. Upper Panels: Microlensing and CMB constraints. Central Panels: Microlensing, UFDG and CMB constraints. Black solid lines signals the region of tighter validity conditions while black dashed lines signals the region Mmin > Mmax. Lower Panels: sections, chosen to intercept the maximum, of the maximum fPBH allowed as a function of Mmin for fixed Mmax. Black dashed lines signals the region Mmin > Mmax. https://scispace.com/papers/prioritizing-public-values-in-e-government-policies-a-532dfmmil3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodological-research-approach-dkx46m1a.png Figure 1: Methodological research approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-united-kingdom-public-administration-pv-1o23w7bs.png Figure 4: United Kingdom Public Administration PV distribution (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparing-belgian-and-united-kingdom-public-1mc3ckup.png Figure 5: Comparing Belgian and United Kingdom Public Administration PV distribution (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-european-union-public-administration-pv-12njte3t.png Figure 8: European Union Public Administration PV distribution by Legal Status (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-literature-overview-and-connection-to-results-and-1outi8sz.png Figure 2: Literature overview and connection to Results and Discussion section https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pv-typology-according-to-governance-approaches-2ndryu37.png Table 3: PV Typology according to governance approaches https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-selected-document-and-analysed-documents-1vs4pklz.png Table 2: Number of Selected Document and Analysed Documents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-european-union-public-administration-pv-1zzsuoep.png Figure 7: European Union Public Administration PV distribution by Author(s) (Percentages) https://scispace.com/papers/privatization-and-nationalization-cycles-3t2tw9bb91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dynamic-model-1kxd49yt.png Table 3: Dynamic Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-static-model-symbol-description-value-p-1h09usvw.png Table 2: Static Model Symbol Description Value p∗ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-parameters-2i6zdgw8.png Table 1. Baseline Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effort-aggregate-labor-and-output-under-private-2jt6pug3.png Figure 4: Effort, aggregate labor, and output under private regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-aggregate-income-under-private-1260ajbk.png Figure 5: Distribution of aggregate income under private regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-labor-income-difference-under-private-regime-2165ebl8.png Figure 3: Labor income difference under private regime https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-regime-choice-in-dynamic-model-3ig8qdff.png Figure 2: Optimal regime choice in dynamic model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-persistence-of-output-and-effort-2rohhqxh.png Figure 6: Persistence of output and effort https://scispace.com/papers/pro-actively-interactive-evolution-for-computer-animation-3ma7t6wkrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-prototypewalk-motion-14h9g744.png Figure 1: (a) The prototypewalk motion whosemutatedclonescomprisethe first generationin the evolution process.(b) and (c) Two differentwalk motionschosen amongthoseevolvedin theprocess.Time, t, is in seconds. https://scispace.com/papers/proactive-safety-measures-quantifying-the-upright-standing-3buf1yg8su 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-location-for-semg-electrode-placement-195-31lkbit5.png Table 1. Target location for sEMG electrode placement 195 https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-corpus-based-dialectometry-10ry70mzy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlating-model-based-morphosyntactic-distances-13ytybyf.png Figure 3. Correlating model-based morphosyntactic distances with as-the-crow-flies distances (logarithmic r= .76, p< .001, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-landscape-for-feature-33-multiple-2aqd70rg.png Figure 1. Frequency landscape for feature [33], multiple negation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlating-normalization-based-morphosyntactic-12gutzpn.png Figure 2. Correlating normalization-based morphosyntactic distances with as-the-crow-flies distances (r= .19, p< .001, logarithmic R2= 3.6%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percent-of-explained-variance-between-normalization-24gzlioi.png Figure 5. Percent of explained variance between normalization-based and model-based distance as a function of the minimum corpus size required for inclusion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-n-34-objects-i-e-fred-counties-dialects-considered-18pr8n0f.png Table 1.N= 34 objects (i.e. FRED counties/dialects) considered in the present study: map labels, membership in a-priori dialect areas roughly following Trudgill’s dialect division on pronunciational grounds (Trudgill 1999: Map 9), textual coverage (running words) in FRED. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-clustering-of-wind-energy-conversion-systems-46osiqpsoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-number-of-clusters-for-the-data-set-19zfbg8k.png Fig. 2. Optimal number of clusters for the data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-descriptive-statistics-by-cluster-and-3p4qegmg.png Table 2. Summary of descriptive statistics by cluster and variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clustering-components-based-on-variables-installed-ufsviycr.png Table 1. Clustering components based on variables installed capacity, net production and capacity factor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dendrogram-graph-for-the-data-set-under-analysis-3orpfyip.png Fig. 1. Dendrogram graph for the data set under analysis https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistically-bounded-staleness-for-practical-partial-22le8hnguz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-t-visibility-for-production-operating-latencies-for-1tshj639.png Figure 7: t-visibility for production operating latencies for variable N and R=W=1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-t-visibility-for-pst-001-99-9-probability-of-3mqw9e7a.png Table 4: t-visibility for pst = .001 (99.9% probability of consistency for 50, 000 reads and writes) and 99.9th percentile read (Lr) and write latencies (Lw) across R and W , N=3 (1M reads and writes). Significant latency-staleness trade-offs are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-versions-returnable-by-read-operations-under-pbs-k-3ess6bz5.png Figure 2: Versions returnable by read operations under PBS k-staleness (A) and PBS monotonic reads (B). In k-staleness, the read operation will return a version no later than k versions older than the last committed value when it started; later versions may be committed during the read and may also be returned. In monotonic reads consistency, acceptable staleness depends on the number of versions committed since the client’s last read. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-read-and-write-operation-latency-for-production-24mpa2uy.png Figure 5: Read and write operation latency for production fits for N=3. Note that, for reads, LNKD-SSD is equivalent to LNKD-DISK. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-t-visibility-for-production-operation-latencies-1hwqip4z.png Figure 6: t-visibility for production operation latencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-wars-model-for-message-ordering-in-dynamo-1yztfurh.png Figure 3: The WARS model for message ordering in Dynamo describes the message flow and latencies between a coordinator and a single replica for a write followed by a read t seconds after commit. In an N replica system, this message flow occurs N times, once for each of the N replicas. The read and write may be handled by different coordinators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yammer-riakn-3-r-2-w-2-production-latencies-vkg8uura.png Table 2: Yammer RiakN=3,R=2,W=2 production latencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-fits-for-production-latency-1vdhg2qq.png Table 3: Distribution fits for production latency distributions (see Appendix B) from LinkedIn (LNKD-*) and Yammer (YMMR). https://scispace.com/papers/probability-bounds-analysis-for-nonlinear-dynamic-process-3b8130umz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-trajectories-of-ca-and-cb-for-reversible-series-o8pxil7c.png Figure 16: Trajectories of CA and CB for reversible series reaction example. VSPODE bounds are in black and Monte Carlo simulation results (2000 samples) are in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interpretation-of-a-p-box-pb-x-a-the-probability-38d56pqi.png Figure 2: Interpretation of a p-box PB(x): (a) The probability that x ≤ 1.5 is bounded by the interval [14.2, 23.3]%. (b) The 20th percentile value of x is bounded by the interval [1.44, 1.59]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-probability-distribution-bounds-for-cb-1-for-30ns3qr8.png Figure 12: Probability distribution bounds for CB(1) for irreversible series reaction example with Case 2 parameters: (a) Computed PB(CB(1)). (b) Determining probability bounds for CB(1) ≤ 0.44 and CB(1) ≤ 0.47. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intermediate-gray-and-final-blue-results-for-pb-x-y-3ezwk28w.png Figure 6: Intermediate (gray) and final (blue) results for PB(x+ y). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-probability-distribution-bounds-based-on-all-15m2hp98.png Figure 17: Probability distribution bounds (based on all distribution shapes for k1 and k−1) computed using VSPODE Taylor models for dimensionless concentrations of A and B at t = 0.25 day: (a) PB(CA(0.25)). (b) PB(CB(0.25)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-trajectories-of-cell-concentration-x-and-substrate-2mdblg4m.png Figure 21: Trajectories of cell concentration X and substrate concentration S for bioreactor example with Haldane kinetics. VSPODE bounds in black and Monte Carlo simulation (200 samples) results in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-solid-curves-blue-show-probability-distribution-21rw1gwb.png Figure 20: Solid curves (blue) show probability distribution bounds (based on all distribution shapes for T0 and Ta) computed using VSPODE Taylor models for reactor temperature and conversion at t = 60 s: (a) PB(T (60)). (b) PB(X(60)). Shaded areas (red) show probability distributions for T (60) and X(60) as determined using second-order Monte Carlo analysis (based only on normal distributions for T0 and Ta; 100 outer loop samples, each with 10000 inner loop samples). See text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-solid-curves-show-probability-distribution-based-sxny6vre.png Figure 25: Solid curves show probability distribution (based on all distribution shapes for x10, µmax, and ks) of x1 for three-species bioreactor at times (from left to right) of t = 10, t = 7.5, and t = 5 hours, as computed with p-boxes using a 5th-order Taylor model and SIR with 50 discretizations. Shaded areas (red) show probability distribution of x1 at the same times as computed with Monte Carlo simulations (based only on uniform distributions for x10, µmax, and ks). See text for discussion. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-deviations-from-traditional-colloid-filtration-303u5ftpxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-afm-data-collected-for-a-2-um-colloid-approaching-a-18pbzjkn.png Figure 7: AFM data collected for a 2 µm colloid approaching a polished quartz surface in 100 mM KCl of pH 6. (a) Cantilever deflection versus piezo displacement in arbitrary units, (b) Force (nN) versus distance from zero separation (nm) plotted as discrete data points, and (c) Force (nN) versus distance from zero separation (nm) plotted as a continuous line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-fluid-cell-36l47ai9.png Figure 4: Schematic of fluid cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-deflection-v-as-a-function-of-separation-distance-ew58l3a6.png Figure 8: Deflection (V) as a function of separation distance (nm) for a 2 µm colloid approaching a polished quartz surface for system equilibration times of 0 (a), 20 (b), 30 (c) and 40 (d) minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electrokinetic-properties-used-for-dlvo-calculations-f6pzcps9.png Table 1: Electrokinetic properties used for DLVO calculations [Tufenkji and Elimelech, 2004b]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-basic-components-of-the-nanoscope-phhy88cs.png Figure 3: Schematic of the basic components of the Nanoscope MultiMode SPM [Lord, 2001]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-afm-output-2ms6nvpt.png Figure 5: Example AFM output. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-interaction-energy-curves-a-primary-minimum-2b9qufjr.png Figure 1: Example interaction energy curves. (a) Primary minimum. (b) Primary and secondary minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculated-dlvo-interaction-energy-plotted-as-a-11hk49fp.png Figure 6: Calculated DLVO interaction energy plotted as a function of separation distance in nm. (a) Interaction energy curves for all particles in KCl solutions of 10, 30, 100 and 300 mM. Line color designates ionic strength; line thickness designates particle size (i.e., thickest = 3.2 µm, thinnest = 2.0 µm, dashed = 1.0 µm). (b) Same as (a), but replotted on a different scale to highlight the location and depth of the secondary minimum. (c) Interaction energy curves for the 3.2 µm colloid in KCl solutions of varying ionic strength, highlighting increasing interaction energy with decreasing ionic strength. (d) Interaction energy curves for all three particles in a 100 mM KCl solution, plotted on a scale similar to (b) to highlight the depth of the secondary minimum. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-molecular-interactions-on-carbon-nanotube-surfaces-kd9z2bsk9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transfer-printing-process-of-swnt-network-grown-on-1taflvup.png FIG. 1. Transfer printing process of SWNT network grown on SiO2 coated Si substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-micrographs-of-swnt-networks-with-various-18gqc2hc.png FIG. 2. Electron micrographs of SWNT networks with various tube densities grown by chemical vapor deposition on SiO2 substrates. Tube density was controlled by changing the concentration of the catalyst. The varying amount of nanotube network is named as sub-monolayer (D1¼ 1 SWNT/lm2), monolayer (D2¼ 10 SWNT/lm2), and multilayer (D3¼ 50 SWNT/lm2), respectively. The tube diameter ranges from 0.7 nm to 4 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-reflection-spectra-from-the-gold-surface-with-tbtlyiel.png FIG. 5. (a) Reflection spectra from the gold surface with various tube densities. The incidence angle is 44 . There are two resonances in the reflectivity spectra; bulk plasmon resonance of around 450 nm and surface plasmon resonance of around 600 nm. (b) Reflectivity of the surface as a function of incidence angle for various nanotube coverages. (c) and (d) Dependence of surface plasmon resonance wavelength and angle on the surface coverage of SWNT networks, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-representation-of-the-microfluidic-device-3d4u846g.png FIG. 6. (a) Schematic representation of the microfluidic device integrated with SPR sensor functionalized with SWNT network. The flow chamber is sealed on SWNT coated gold surface. The glass slide is attached to the prism using an index matching fluid. (b) Reflectivity of the gold surface as a function of incidence angle at 635 nm. The resonance angle is 57 . (c) Time trace of SPR signal for binding interaction of BSA on gold surface coated with various SWNT network. The concentration of BSA is 100 nM. (d) The extracted parameter (b) quantifies the available binding sites on the surface of SPR sensor. The b-parameter for gold and submonolayer SWNT networks is around 0.35. As the density of SWNT increases the b-parameter changes from 0.35 to 0.8 while the association constant stays constant with a value of 0.56 105 M 1 s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-reflectivity-maps-angular-dispersion-curves-from-2trds35e.png FIG. 4. The reflectivity maps (angular dispersion curves) from the SWNT coated gold surface as a function of incidence angle and the excitation wavelength. The light source is TM polarized. As the density of SWNTs network increases, the effective index of the surface plasmon-polaritons increases resulting in a red shift in the plasmon resonance wavelength. The color map shows the scale for the reflectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-kretschmann-configuration-used-to-pfezctaq.png FIG. 3. Experimental setup (Kretschmann configuration) used to excite SPP on metal surface coated with SWNT network. The thickness of the gold layer is 50 nm. The prism is mounted on a double rotary state. The reflected beam is detected by a photodiode. The incidence angle and the wavelength of the laser are controlled with a precision of less than 0.01 and 1 nm, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-electronic-transmission-across-a-buried-metal-3eglfbbm1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-experimental-momentum-distribution-curves-1c96ceql.png FIG. 5. Color online Experimental momentum distribution curves for the Ag 111 Shockley surface state derived from the intensity map displayed in the top-right panel Ag film thickness 6 ML . The bottom-right panel shows the result of first-principles calculations for a 4 ML Ag film on semi-infinite Pt 111 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-photoemission-intensity-map-for-a-14-ml-2bisf0q9.png FIG. 1. Color online a Photoemission intensity map for a 14 ML Ag film on Pt 111 . The dashed line encloses a region of diffuse photoemission intensity near ̄. b Schematic band dispersion of the QW states displayed in a . The effective masses of the bands are reported on the right-hand side. The vertical bars along the n =2 state indicate the full width at half maximum of the respective photoemission peaks. c Photoemission spectra as a function of k corresponding to a . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-photoemission-intensity-maps-for-a-22-b-1h4ig9zg.png FIG. 2. Color online Photoemission intensity maps for a 22, b 45, and c 60 ML Ag films on Pt 111 . All panels report the dashed line displayed in Fig. 1 a . d Inverse effective masses for several film thicknesses. The gray, blurred curve highlights the binding energy dependence of the effective masses for thick 22 ML films. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-calculated-bloch-spectral-function-for-2mjgzb4w.png FIG. 3. Color online a Calculated Bloch spectral function for a 10 ML Ag film on semi-infinite Pt 111 . The ̄-M̄ distance corresponds to 1.28 Å−1. The onset of the d bands below 3 eV is clearly visible. b Calculated energy-momentum map of the transmission probability T2 for the Ag/Pt 111 interface. Lighter colors identify regions of higher transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-bulk-band-structure-of-a-ag-and-b-pt-2k6p85pl.png FIG. 4. Color online Bulk band structure of a Ag and b Pt projected on the ̄-M̄ surface axis only states symmetric with respect to the mirror plane are shown . The projection is schematically displayed in c , together with the Pt bands, labeled according to symmetry, along the X-L- bulk line. The continuous and dashed lines in panel b display the energy-momentum dependence of the bands originating from states with 1 and 3 symmetry at ̄, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-metal-enrichment-of-the-intergalactic-medium-at-4b68v67i6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-c-iv-associated-lya-emitter-2z9aw2l8.png Table 1 Summary of the C IV-associated Lyα Emitter Candidates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-format-as-figure-1-but-showing-the-photometry-2bfiq2jq.png Figure 3. Same format as Figure 1, but showing the photometry and the selection of LAE candidates in the C IV absorber field at z=4.866. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-same-format-as-figure-1-but-presenting-the-1oskuq1y.png Figure 2. Same format as Figure 1, but presenting the photometry and the selection of LAE candidates in the C IV absorber field at z=4.948. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-shows-the-best-fit-spectrum-black-line-18sg1f7m.png Figure 1. Left panel shows the best-fit spectrum (black line) of the candidate of the Lyα emitter (LAE) associated with the C IV absorber at z=5.744. The impact parameter between this LAE candidate and the C IV absorber is 42 kpc. The filter response curves of F775W (red dashed line), F850LP (blue dashed line), and the ACS ramp filter (yellow dashed line) are overplotted. In addition, the photometry in three different bands are overplotted at the effective wavelength of each filter. The right panel shows the color–magnitude diagram of galaxies within the monochromatic field of view of the FR853N field. The color selection criteria for the LAE https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-hadronic-nature-of-the-gamma-ray-emission-4w99euexaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-parameters-of-psr-j1023-5746-and-its-1pyfob7u.png Table 2. Physical parameters of PSR J1023–5746 and its putative PWN. The pulsar rotation parameters f and ḟ are obtained from ATNF catalogue. The braking index n and ejecta mass Mej are fixed, following the results from Torres et al. (2014). The broken power-law spectral shape of electrons (defined with the indices α1,2 and breaking energy γ b) and magnetic field in the region (B), which best represent the data, are listed in the third section of the table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spitzer-irac-glimpse-mosaic-obtained-from-the-lugpmd8f.png Figure 3. Spitzer/IRAC GLIMPSE Mosaic obtained from the GLIMPSE survey archival data. The magenta dashed lines correspond to the 1σ interval for the best-fitting extension of FGES J1023.3–5747, with the central cross marking the best-fitting position (with the 1σ error). The white dashed lines and cross correspond, similarly, to the morphological characteristics of the H.E.S.S. source HESS J1023-575, as described in H. E. S. S. Collaboration 2011. The cyan cross corresponds to the position of PSR J1023–5746. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-the-physical-properties-of-the-intergalactic-medium-41ye8fk33h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-upper-and-lower-limits-for-the-free-parameters-in-3vqx9ztc.png Table 1. Upper and lower limits for the free parameters in the IGM models. Power-law slope and normalization for the GRB spectrum were also free parameters. The fixed parameters are Galactic and host log(NHX), GRB redshift, the IGM slab at half the GRB redshift, and host metallicity at the observed dust corrected value, or Z = 0.07 Z . https://scispace.com/papers/problem-and-inquiry-based-learning-in-alternative-contexts-3t8jqw3dj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-on-the-leibniz-research-museums-1tre6nn6.png Table 2. Data on the Leibniz research museums https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-task-specification-1lkb0iyu.png Table 1. Task specification https://scispace.com/papers/problem-solving-in-france-didactic-and-curricular-1cgasbazzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structure-of-primary-and-secondary-general-education-2df6r8hx.png Table 1: Structure of primary and secondary general education in France 25 https://scispace.com/papers/problem-solving-in-open-environments-1n37o442wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-indexing-informationsources-is-with-an-ontology-1vgq3y14.png Figure 2. Indexing informationsources(IS) with an ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elementsof-anopenconstraint-satisfaction-problem-16qyd2h9.png Figure 1. Elementsof anopenconstraint satisfaction problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-efficiencyration-vs-average-numberof-valuesfor-3j9otwex.png Figure 4. Efficiencyration vs. average numberof valuesfor fuzzyOCOP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-efficiency-ratio-against-numberof-valuesfor-several-17vau2x5.png Figure 3. Efficiency ratio against numberof valuesfor several combinationof search/mediatoralgorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/process-integration-of-material-flows-of-copper-chlorides-in-3dfjzk8e7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-solubility-of-cucl-cucl2-and-hcl-29sga0vh.png Table 1: Solubility of CuCl, CuCl2 and HCl https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-energy-requirement-of-three-integration-130neggi.png Table 2: Comparative energy requirement of three integration pathways https://scispace.com/papers/process-tolerant-s-ratio-modulation-for-ultra-dynamic-4z7x69hcj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-proposed-dst-for-adaptive-b-ratio-modulation-10gyt9o3.png Figure 4. The proposed DST for adaptive β-ratio modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-pvs-for-different-channel-lengths-l-120nm-16zoyeq3.png Figure 2. Impact of PVs for different channel lengths (L=120nm, 180nm, 240nm and W=160nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-vm-for-different-total-widths-wn-wp-2jguvz04.png Figure 3. Variation of VM for different total widths (Wn+ Wp) and β-ratios in an inverter for UVDS operations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-electrical-parameters-in-typical-pmos-17gakk1f.png Figure 1. Definition of electrical parameters in typical PMOS and NMOS I-V curves for subthreshold operation. https://scispace.com/papers/processing-and-characterisation-of-mo6s2i8-nanowires-1j5vfuhg80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fraying-nw-bundle-kpqlko2u.png Fig. 6 Fraying NW bundle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uv-vis-nir-spectra-of-sediments-and-solute-of-mo6s2i8-evtaj26b.png Fig. 5 UV-vis-NIR spectra of sediments and solute of Mo6S2I8 (top), Mo6S3I6 (middle) and Mo6S4.5I4.5 (bottom) NWs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phases-in-acetone-thick-nw-bundles-a-low-aspect-ratio-1ri7jzlh.png Fig. 3 Phases in acetone: thick NW bundles (a), low aspect ratio bundles (b), thin, tangled bundles (c), isolated thin bundles (d). Phases in DMF: thick NW bundles (e), low aspect ratio bundles and thick bundles (f), thin bundles (g). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-column-chart-showing-the-solute-turbidity-as-a-1w9j2ohh.png Fig. 2 Column chart showing the solute turbidity as a fraction of initial turbidity (red) and final sedimentation times (black) for all solvents investigated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-composition-of-the-impurity-particles-3qjdp5v2.png Table 3 Composition of the impurity particles https://scispace.com/papers/processing-presupposed-content-4ogup18ilg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reading-time-on-final-clause-in-ms-2j7tpmzr.png Figure 2: Reading time on final clause in ms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-os-paraphrases-per-condition-14a24zcz.png Figure 1: Percentage of OS-paraphrases per condition https://scispace.com/papers/product-configuration-system-and-its-impact-on-product-s-1lu9mgykd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-pcss-benefits-on-life-cycle-processes-1n0vwlde.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF PCS’s BENEFITS ON LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-assessment-scenarios-zr09es4i.png TABLE II ASSESSMENT SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-scale-of-savings-for-the-scenarios-1qqwaqf4.png TABLE III SCALE OF SAVINGS FOR THE SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-impact-of-implementing-pcss-in-the-sales-process-on-3jv22ol6.png Fig. 1 - Impact of implementing PCSs in the sales process on the different phases of the product’s life cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-production-costs-of-original-projects-and-projects-w4myqroh.png Fig. 3. Production costs of original projects and projects reusing parts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-costs-of-repairs-after-installation-due-to-defects-for-14rz2iuu.png Fig. 4. Costs of repairs after installation due to defects for original projects and projects reusing parts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-no-of-engineering-hours-spent-on-original-projects-and-58ugcf3m.png Fig. 2. No of engineering hours spent on original projects and projects reusing parts. https://scispace.com/papers/product-differentiation-and-systematic-risk-theory-and-25j5tlh7nj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentration-returns-profitability-and-product-31o5ajrz.png Table 2: Concentration, Returns, Profitability and Product Development https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-product-differentiation-33lbm19n.png Figure 1: Product differentiation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-volatility-returns-profitability-r-d-expansions-20xvs8aa.png Table 4: Volatility, Returns, Profitability R&D: Expansions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-volatility-returns-profitability-r-d-3egfsh99.png Table 3: Volatility, Returns, Profitability R&D https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-analysis-r-d-and-systematic-risk-3amfaalv.png Table 1: Regression analysis: R&D and Systematic Risk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sequence-of-events-17hcuwqe.png Figure 2: Sequence of Events https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-volatility-returns-profitability-r-d-recessions-1vlggpsd.png Table 5: Volatility, Returns, Profitability R&D: Recessions https://scispace.com/papers/product-replacement-in-the-monster-3ujc5vqbqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-element-orders-occurring-in-the-output-of-product-vkgld9ss.png TABLE 2. Element orders occurring in the output of product replacement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kh2-values-the-entries-in-bold-show-where-6jui873n.png TABLE 1. χ2 values. The entries in bold show where convergence has occurred. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-word-lengths-for-product-replacement-in-the-free-2pbz7sua.png FIGURE 1. Word lengths for product replacement in the free group. https://scispace.com/papers/production-fragmentation-and-trade-integration-east-asia-in-4mgkisirh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-world-trade-in-parts-and-components-p-cs-2mk0882v.png Figure 1: World Trade in Parts and Components (P&Cs)* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parts-and-components-exports-us-billion-28yqqocd.png Figure 2: Parts and Components Exports (US$ billion) https://scispace.com/papers/production-of-noble-gas-isotopes-by-proton-induced-reactions-qcnkiwn42b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-isotopic-cross-sections-for-noble-gas-isotopes-2s7hftym.png Fig. 3. Isotopic cross-sections for noble gas isotopes produced in natural lead and bismuth at 1GeV (left panel) and 2.6GeV (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excitation-functions-for-the-proton-induced-production-pr9vj9c1.png Fig. 2. Excitation functions for the proton-induced production of 4He (panel (a)) and 82Kr (panel (b)) from lead and bismuth. For further explanation see Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-and-morphology-of-ankole-cattle-in-three-2pazxa07gc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-demographic-features-of-the-districts-2wf7pgnt.png Table 1. Physical and demographic features of the districts studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-uganda-showing-the-study-areas-yrnskwwd.png Figure 1. Map of Uganda showing the study areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-matrix-for-body-measurements-in-adult-3ayzqsol.png Table 5. Correlation matrix for body measurements in adult Ankole cattle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-least-square-means-s-e-of-reproductive-parameters-15qyyr3t.png Table 3. Least-square means (± s.e.) of reproductive parameters and milk yield of Ankole cattle. https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-relevance-and-natural-selection-49hgos1375 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-of-frequency-dependent-causation-3u4t5gvh.png Figure 1: Model of Frequency-dependent Causation https://scispace.com/papers/productivity-in-context-a-case-study-of-a-dutch-suffix-45x70f0rez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-o-f-instances-o-f-high-frequency-words-and-2rtn6e1i.png Table 4. Number o f instances o f high-frequency words and hapax legomena in -heid in 20 randomly selected journal issues https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-count-o-f-contexts-with-morphological-anchoring-1tvyh038.png Table 2. Count o f contexts with morphological anchoring (morph) and with semanticthematic anchoring (sem), as well as the total number o f contexts for the 15 high-frequency words individually and for the set o f hapax legomena considered jointly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-degree-o-f-anchoring-for-high-frequency-formations-2m9nsk3w.png Figure 3. Degree o f anchoring for high-frequency formations and hapax legomena in -heid, subcategorized for morphologically motivated contexts ( “morphological") versus semanticthematic contexts ("semantic* ) } and for anchoring in the preceding ( (pre-text”) versus the following ( ' ‘post-text”) discourse https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-contextual-anchoring-for-high-frequency-words-and-b132fziz.png Table 6. Contextual anchoring for high-frequency words and hapax legomena in -heid by means o f possessive pronouns (counts based on 15 issues o f the newspaper Trouwj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bar-plot-for-the-numbers-o-f-heid-formations-1kjvrz38.png Figure 6 . Bar plot for the numbers o f -heid formations modified and not modified by ti possessive pronoun fo r high-frequency formations and hapax legomena https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-amount-o-f-anchoring-cumulative-over-raters-as-a-32luh136.png Table 3. Amount o f anchoring ( cumulative over raters) as a function o f position (in the pre text versus in the post-text), frequency (high-frequency formations versus hapax legomena), and kind of anchoring (morphological versus semantic-thematic) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-count-o-f-contexts-with-and-without-anchoring-for-1i9m6uag.png Table 1. Count o f contexts with and without anchoring for high-frequency words and hapax legomena in -heid https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-register-differences-in-the-use-o-f-hapax-legomena-32ytkezu.png Table 7. Register differences in the use o f hapax legomena and high-frequency formations in -heid in 17 issues of the Dutch newspaper Trouw https://scispace.com/papers/profiling-diuraphis-noxia-hemiptera-aphididae-transcript-292f56gxro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-virulence-profile-vp-of-the-two-diuraphis-noxia-2f5klmmf.png Table 1. Virulence profile (VP) of the two Diuraphis noxia biotypes (SA1 and SAM) based on chlorosis, streaking, leaf rolling (LR), and virulence scores (VS) Aphid biotype** Host genotype Host response to feeding Host virulence profile** https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-relative-expression-oftranscripts-measured-in-2l1utdhv.png Fig. 2. Overall relative expression oftranscripts measured in Diuraphis noxia (RWA) biotypes SA1 and SAM after feeding on16 different wheat lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photos-of-selected-cultivars-after-3-wk-ofvirulence-2c420z77.png Fig. 1. Photos of selected cultivars after 3 wk ofvirulence screening with Diuraphis noxia biotype SAM illustrating variations in phenotypic symptoms associated with susceptibility. (A.1 and A.2) Triticum aestivum cv. Betta Dn9 leaves with slight chlorotic streaking; (B.1 and B.2) Triticum aestivum cv. Karee Dn8 leaves with moderate chlorotic streaking andsignsof leaf rolling; (C.1 and C.2) Triticum aestivum cv. Karee with severe leaf rollingand chlorotic streaking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cluster-image-generated-by-java-treeview-saldanha-2004-1rpf2mc7.png Fig. 3. Cluster image generated by Java TreeView (Saldanha 2004). Red bands show up-regulated transcripts, whereas green bands show down-regulated transcripts, relativeto 0 hpi feeding on preference hosts (controls). https://scispace.com/papers/profit-maximising-rigid-prices-and-vertical-integration-5elk09m9hz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-how-price-capacity-expected-rationing-and-expected-c1irrooz.png Figure 2: How price, capacity, expected rationing, and expected profit vary with demand variability (r) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-symmetrical-triangular-distribution-3k64ja9s.png Figure 1: The symmetrical triangular distribution https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-impact-of-tumour-stroma-ratio-in-early-stage-oral-4out92teli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kaplan-meier-curves-for-disease-free-survival-a-and-2u0stx08.png Fig. 2: Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival (A) and disease-specific survival (B) of 4 stroma-rich cases compared to stroma-poor in 311 patients with early OTSCC. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-and-multivariate-analysis-of-disease-free-1sq2q7nd.png Table 2: Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS) for tumour-stroma ratio and other prognostic factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relationship-between-tumour-stroma-ratio-and-age-of-245dqyt8.png Table 1: Relationship between tumour-stroma ratio and age of patient, gender, cTNM stage, histopathologic grade and perineural invasion (PNI) https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-implications-of-post-stress-ejection-fraction-1qtbe32wi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-event-free-survival-curves-for-the-patients-with-solid-u7lwjwed.png Fig. 1 Event-free survival curves for the patients with (solid line) versus those without (dashed line) EF drop≥5 EF units https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-the-patient-population-1jvzda6m.png Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patient population https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-significance-of-preexisting-interstitial-lung-4cbe3rq9yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-patients-with-or-without-preexisting-wqdw89cb.png Table 2. Comparison of patients with or without preexisting ILD (n = 122). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pneumonitis-associated-with-the-different-3iitdgmk.png Table 3. Pneumonitis associated with the different chemotherapy regimens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-univariate-and-multivariate-analyses-for-overall-21p9p5mv.png Table 4. (A) Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival in all patients (n = 122). (B) Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival in patients who received chemotherapy alone (n = 87). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patients-characteristics-n-122-2vc9mnga.png Table 1. Patients characteristics (n = 122). https://scispace.com/papers/programmable-event-detection-for-in-band-network-telemetry-3w2y5xkovx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-testbed-setup-used-for-evaluation-whsg50kq.png Fig. 2: Testbed setup used for evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-event-report-processing-capacity-of-the-af-xdp-int-2mrfdatr.png Fig. 3: Event report processing capacity of the AF XDP INT monitor, per core/interface, varying header and hop count. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-int-monitor-application-29b5q5mf.png Fig. 1: Overview of the INT monitor application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-processing-capacity-of-the-int-monitor-using-the-per-ytzd4efk.png Fig. 4: Processing capacity of the INT monitor using the per-hop/perflow threshold algorithm, with three different traffic types, varying the threshold setting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-processing-capacity-of-the-int-monitor-using-the-1dapca1r.png Fig. 5: Processing capacity of the INT monitor using the moving average threshold algorithm, with three different traffic types, varying the threshold setting. https://scispace.com/papers/programming-parallel-dense-matrix-factorizations-with-look-2tc1mwze61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependencies-in-the-blocked-right-looking-350fl8fu.png Figure 3: Dependencies in the blocked right-looking algorithms for DMFs without and with look-ahead (top and bottom, respectively). Following the convention, PF stands for panel factorization and TU for trailing update; the subindices simply refer to the iteration index k; see, e.g., Listing 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6-8-compare-the-performance-of-the-distinct-3o86z3b0.png Figures 6–8 compare the performance of the distinct algorithms for the three DMFs, using square matrices of growing dimensions from 500 till 20,000 in steps of 500. These experiments offer some important insights: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-of-lupp-on-8-cores-of-an-intel-xeon-e5-23tzy524.png Figure 6: Performance of LUpp on 8 cores of an Intel Xeon E5-2630 v3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-qr-on-8-cores-of-an-intel-xeon-e5-2mxm250g.png Figure 7: Performance of QR on 8 cores of an Intel Xeon E5-2630 v3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reports-the-gflops-billions-of-flops-per-second-2515dd9m.png Figure 2 reports the GFLOPS (billions of flops per second) rates attained by the MTB and RTM parallelizations of gemm and LUpp using all 8 cores. The results in the top plot show that MTB-gemm (which corresponds to a single call to the gemm routine in BLIS) delivers up to 245 GFLOPS. Compared with this, when we decompose this highly-parallel operation into multiple tasks, and use Intel’s OpenMP RTM to exploit this type of parallelism, the result is a considerable drop in the performance rate. The reason is that, for RTM-gemm, the threads compete for the shared cache memory levels, and the packing and the RTM overheads become more visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-of-gemm-top-and-lupp-bottom-using-mtb-2j9hjack.png Figure 2 reports the GFLOPS (billions of flops per second) rates attained by the MTB and RTM parallelizations of gemm and LUpp using all 8 cores. The results in the top plot show that MTB-gemm (which corresponds to a single call to the gemm routine in BLIS) delivers up to 245 GFLOPS. Compared with this, when we decompose this highly-parallel operation into multiple tasks, and use Intel’s OpenMP RTM to exploit this type of parallelism, the result is a considerable drop in the performance rate. The reason is that, for RTM-gemm, the threads compete for the shared cache memory levels, and the packing and the RTM overheads become more visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-svd-on-8-cores-of-an-intel-xeon-e5-2hf2kkqz.png Figure 8: Performance of SVD on 8 cores of an Intel Xeon E5-2630 v3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-lupp-using-the-conventional-openmp-2qqowdgs.png Figure 4: Performance of LUpp using the conventional OpenMP runtimes on 8 cores of an Intel Xeon E5-2630 v3. https://scispace.com/papers/programmable-force-fields-for-distributed-manipulation-with-48ojfegicj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-releasedm-chipactuatorsconsistingof-single-crystal-5qbyklem.png Fig. 4. ReleasedM-CHIPactuatorsconsistingof single-crystal silicon with 5-µm high tips. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-released-m-chip-prototype-motion-pixel-consisting-of-2h17bpf7.png Fig. 5. Released M-CHIP prototype motion pixel, consisting of actuators oriented in four different directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vibratory-plate-parts-feeder-an-aluminum-plate-size-50-2b0vi0j7.png Fig. 6. Vibratory plate parts feeder: an aluminum plate (size 50 cm × 40 cm) exhibits a vibratory minimum. Parts are attracted to this nodal line, and reach equilibrium there. (See also the World Wide Web at www.ee.washington.edu/ faculty/karl/Research/VibratoryPlate.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-moment-function-mps-thin-line-and-potential-ups-thick-1t2yofaa.png Fig. 20. Moment function MPS (thin line) and potential UPS (thick line) for S-shaped parts: (a) feet havecontactsof areasize 10; (b) size= 5; (c) size= 1; (d) point contacts. Notehow adiscontinuity iscreated in themoment function when thecontact area is decreased toward 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sensorlessorting-using-force-vector-fields-parts-of-3fzu1l2a.png Fig. 1. Sensorlessorting using force vector fields: parts of different sizesarefirst centered, then subsequently separated, depending on their size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x94d2qxa.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-two-parallel-linesl-andl-in-combinatorially-xmj9awhh.png Fig. 11. Two parallel linesl′ andl′′ in combinatorially equivalent intersection with polygonP . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-unstablepart-in-theskewed-squeezefield-23-thedisk-7p7izxn8.png Fig. 14. Unstablepart in theskewed squeezefield ( = −23). Thedisk with itscenter on thesqueezelinewil l keep rotating; moreover, it has no stableequilibrium in this field. https://scispace.com/papers/progressive-fault-isolation-and-grid-restoration-strategy-2fer1tbft5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-configuration-of-a-ground-switch-nit9g8px.png Fig. 8. Configuration of a ground switch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-system-parameters-9mgyt1sz.png TABLE II SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-dc-link-currents-b-dc-links-voltage-and-c-dc-2ki5yz2f.png Fig. 7. (a) DC link currents, (b) dc links voltage and (c) dc converter current for the P2P fault case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-selection-of-potential-fds-with-a-dc-current-curves-8zriayke.png Fig. 1. Selection of potential FDs with (a) dc current curves and (b) dc current derivative function with positive and negative threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-dc-link-currents-b-dc-voltage-on-positive-pole-c-dc-3qsdco8k.png Fig. 10. (a) DC link currents, (b) dc voltage on positive pole, (c) dc voltage on negative pole and (d) dc converter current for the P2Gnd fault case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-state-of-a-the-converters-b-accbs-c-fds-and-d-16y9wfwk.png Fig. 9. State of (a) the converters, (b) ACCBs, (c) FDs and (d) grounding switches for the P2Gnd fault case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generic-dc-fault-current-behavior-f0tf62uh.png Fig. 3. Generic dc fault current behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-selection-of-potential-fds-with-a-dc-current-curves-15ueh264.png Fig. 2. Selection of potential FDs with (a) dc current curves and (b) dc current derivative function with positive and negative threshold. https://scispace.com/papers/progressive-teacher-student-learning-for-early-action-qcxq509rwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-results-on-the-ntu-rgb-d-action-set-1zxeiak2.png Table 1: Prediction results (%) on the NTU RGB-D Action set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-some-frame-examples-from-the-ntu-rgb-d-sysu-3dhoi-3sg5n5wo.png Figure 3: Some frame examples from the NTU RGB-D, SYSU 3DHOI and UCF-101 datasets, The first two rows present RGB and depth frames from NTU set. The next two rows provide some examples from SYSU 3DHOI set. And the last row gives examples from the UCF-101 set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-showing-our-motivation-of-18ishb9g.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing our motivation of proposing distilling knowledge from action recognition system for early action prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-on-with-vs-without-joint-learning-27phav8f.png Table 6: Comparison on with vs. without joint learning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-results-on-the-a-ntu-rgb-d-action-b-sysu-3oaws0f2.png Figure 4: Comparison results on the (a) NTU RGB-D Action, (b) SYSU 3DHOI and (c) UCF-101 sets. [*] in the legend of the figure stands for the AUC(%) performance obtained by the corresponding method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-more-evaluation-on-the-influence-of-mse-and-mmd-c6b8ekzr.png Table 4: More evaluation on the influence of MSE and MMD losses. S stands for STUDENT without knowledge distillation, L stands for local knowledge distillation with MSE, G stands for global knowledge with MMD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prediction-results-on-the-sysu-3dhoi-set-37yzn0qn.png Table 2: Prediction results (%) on the SYSU 3DHOI set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-overall-framework-of-our-progressive-teacher-1qqhyg2b.png Figure 2: The overall framework of our progressive teacher-student learning for early action prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/project-managers-perceptions-about-more-effective-leadership-1dm99olx13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leadership-styles-descriptive-analysis-1-3umri56j.png Table 2 - Leadership Styles – Descriptive analysis 1 - Transformational; 2 – Transactional; 3 - Laissez- Faire https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leadership-styles-analysis-by-dimensions-121e8kpl.png Table 3 - Leadership Styles – Analysis by Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soft-skills-activation-dcxoj7wq.png Table 1 - Soft skills activation https://scispace.com/papers/projecting-the-impact-of-a-two-dose-covid-19-vaccination-2gygdgcas6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-projected-incidence-of-infection-with-fitting-to-3q41yist.png Figure 1. (A) Projected incidence of infection with fitting to reported cases per 10,000 population from October 1, 2020 (day 0) to March 12, 2021 (day 162). (B) Projected reduction of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-model-parameters-and-their-estimates-2g3kq5sh.png Table 1. Description of model parameters and their estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-projected-incidence-of-infection-per-10000-1ssi9pif.png Figure 2. Projected incidence of infection per 10,000 population post-lockdown with a 10% increase in the daily number of contacts on day 158 (A), 200 (B), or 250 (C), and with a 20% increase in the daily number of contacts on day 158 (D), 200 (E), or 250 (F). https://scispace.com/papers/projected-gradients-for-subclass-discriminant-nonnegative-4dslg3wd7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-best-face-recognition-accuracy-rates-in-pie-image-2h3bvgj4.png TABLE III BEST FACE RECOGNITION ACCURACY RATES (%) IN PIE IMAGE DATABASE https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-convergence-performance-of-sdnmf-pgsdnmf-and-2n9sh5o0.png TABLE VI CONVERGENCE PERFORMANCE OF SDNMF, PGSDNMF, AND NESDNMF ALGORITHMS ON COHN–KANADE DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-objective-function-value-versus-the-number-of-3gdphs7a.png Fig. 5. Objective function value versus the number of iterations for the SDNMF and PGSDNMF algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-training-time-in-seconds-required-by-nmf-pgnmf-2kf75wp4.png TABLE VII TRAINING TIME IN SECONDS REQUIRED BY NMF, PGNMF, SDNMF, PGSDNMF, AND PCA ON COHN–KANADE DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-best-average-expression-recognition-accuracy-rates-yvmpnzn9.png TABLE II BEST AVERAGE EXPRESSION RECOGNITION ACCURACY RATES (%) IN BU-3DFE DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-best-face-recognition-accuracy-rates-in-multi-pie-3qee0jdt.png TABLE IV BEST FACE RECOGNITION ACCURACY RATES (%) IN MULTI-PIE DATABASE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-images-from-the-cohn-kanade-database-depicting-3m2wsocd.png Fig. 1. Sample images from the Cohn–Kanade database depicting the recognized facial expressions arranged in the following order: anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise, and the neutral emotional state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-images-derived-from-the-two-more-distant-18kphu4m.png Fig. 2. Mean images derived from the two more distant subclasses inside each expression class. The diverge illumination conditions during facial expressions capture in the Cohn–Kanade database are evident. https://scispace.com/papers/promis-physical-function-short-forms-display-item-and-scale-zewyg6x9ny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-content-missing-data-and-descriptive-statistics-of-3jqngxp1.png Table 1 Content, missing data, and descriptive statistics of the items i chronic low back pain (NZ768) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-u338m8k0.png Table 3 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic low back pain included in this study (NZ768) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reliability-of-the-promis-physical-function-short-q99oqhen.png Fig 1 Reliability of the PROMIS Physical Function short forms and the 24-item Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in measuring different levels (theta) of physical functioning in patients with chronic low back pain (NZ768). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-local-independence-monotonicity-item-response-theory-qeuk9oc1.png Table 5 Local independence, monotonicity, item response theory parameters, and fit statistics of the items included in the PROMIS Physical Function short forms and in the 24-item Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in patients with chronic low back pain (NZ768) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-23lwe39o.png Table 5 Local independence, monotonicity, item response theory parameters, and fit statistics of the items included in the PROMIS Physical Function short forms and in the 24-item Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in patients with chronic low back pain (NZ768) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-content-missing-data-and-descriptive-statistics-of-3mgrhno8.png Table 2 Content, missing data, and descriptive statistics of the items included in the 24-item Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in patients with chronic low back pain (NZ768) https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-communication-skills-for-information-systems-572gcjq3r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-communication-skills-model-csm-for-is6-ap-and-metb-1m4uwttr.png Fig 1: Communication skills model (CSM) for IS6, AP and MeTB Postgraduate Units in Australia and Portugal Prepared by the researchers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-assessments-in-the-is6-ap-and-metb-postgraduate-units-1jaubts0.png Fig 2: Assessments in the IS6, AP and MeTB Postgraduate Units in Australia and Portugal Prepared by the researchers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-communication-skills-model-2-csm2-prepared-by-the-6z492ll8.png Fig 3: Communication skills model_2 (CSM2) Prepared by the researchers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-is6-ap-and-mteb-2009-2010-32cs3aow.png Table 2: Participants – IS6, AP and MTeB – 2009 - 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assessments-in-is6-ap-and-mteb-australia-and-32xf95j7.png Table 1: Assessments in IS6, AP and MTeB – Australia and Portugal https://scispace.com/papers/promoter-and-transcription-factor-dynamics-tune-protein-mean-4z5y1ilhjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-luxi-noise-strength-under-presence-absence-of-bdgo02bb.png Figure 2. LuxI noise strength under presence/absence of quorum sensing and negative feedback. A. Circuits topologies: NoQS/NoFb (top) and QS/Fb (bottom). B. Representative computational population histograms of LuxI noise strength for QS/Fb (orange) presenting a narrower gaussian-like distribution as compared to the Poisson-like one of NoQS/NoFb (purple). C. Sampled combinations of LuxI expression characteristics for fixed LuxR ones show larger values of LuxI noise strength versus mean for NoQS/NoFb (purple dots) than for QS/Fb (orange dots) D. The QS/Fb circuit significantly reduces the average noise strength for the sampled parameters space by 41%, from 〈η2NoQS/NoFb〉 = 0.1263 down to 〈η 2 QS/Fb〉 = 0.0744. E. For varying LuxR parameters the average reduction of noise strength in LuxI ranges from 30 % up to 60 % and shows dependence on the mean expression level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-luxi-noise-strength-reduction-as-a-function-of-31kxxywj.png Figure 4. LuxI noise strength reduction as a function of circuit parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-gene-synthetic-circuit-model-6vuvmgln.png Table 1. Parameters of the gene synthetic circuit model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-experimental-data-and-different-3j0z361a.png Figure 3. Comparison between experimental data and different scenarios evaluated computationally. A. Experimental data of protein abundance and noise in E. coli taken from [90] is plotted as black dots. The dashed red and blue lines are the intrinsic noise limit and the extrinsic noise limits respectively, taken from the same reference. Simulations of the gene circuits in our study, including both intrinsic and extrinsic noise, are plotted using purple dots (NoQS/NoFb), green (NoQS/Fb) and orange ones (QS/Fb). Simulations including only intrinsic noise are plotted as crosses: violet (NoQS/NoFb), green (NoQS/Fb) and orange (QS/Fb). B. Zoom of the scenarios considering both intrinsic and extrinsic noise (top) and only intrinsic noise (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-luxi-noise-strength-versus-luxr-parameters-luxi-2besi3wg.png Figure 6. LuxI noise strength versus LuxR parameters. LuxI noise strength maps and mean expression level curves for a tight pLux promoter (α = 0.01, top) and a a leaky one (α = 0.1, bottom) with LuxI translation rates pI = 2 (left) and pI = 4 (right) around its nominal value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-experimental-and-computational-1yk8uye1.png Figure 7. Comparison between experimental and computational results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthetic-gene-network-a-intracellular-and-1bdi1j7y.png Figure 1. Synthetic gene network. A. Intracellular and extracellular system with negative feedback control and quorum sensing mechanism. B. Biochemical reactions and diffusion process. C. Methodological procedure to obtain the statistical moments from stochastic simulations of the circuit. C1) Temporal evolution of one species in the population of cells. C2) Distribution of the number of molecules across the population at each time instant. C3) Acquisition of the long-term distribution for each species. C4) Noise strength map for varying model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-luxi-noise-strength-and-mean-as-a-function-of-3rw5cjs1.png Figure 5. LuxI noise strength and mean as a function of circuit parameters. Color map of LuxI noise strength w.r.t. the dissociation constant kdlux and the LuxI translation rate pI. The level curves correspond to the mean number of LuxI molecules. A) Strong LuxR RBS with pR = 10 [1/min]. B) Medium-weak LuxR RBS with pR = 2 [1/min]. https://scispace.com/papers/promoting-mealtime-function-in-people-with-dementia-a-l8rx7hvbfy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-critical-appraisal-of-studies-with-a-descriptive-3qkbp5bx.png Table 2 Critical appraisal of studies with a descriptive/case series desig https://scispace.com/papers/promotion-effects-in-the-oxidation-of-co-over-zeolite-10zvq0sbuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-positions-cm-1-of-the-absorption-bands-of-linearly-3akvk6lo.png TABLE 3: Positions (cm-1) of the Absorption Bands of Linearly and Bridged Pt-Coordinated CO for the Supported Pt Catalysts Measured at Different Temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-supported-pt-catalysts-under-study-2fwgvmlb.png TABLE 1: Overview of the Supported Pt Catalysts under Study, Together with Some Physicochemical Properties As Determined with N2/H2 Chemisorption, X-ray Fluorescence, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, and NH3 Temperature Programmed Desorption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-co-coverage-on-supported-pt-nanoparticles-measured-yg6dku8p.png Figure 8. CO coverage on supported Pt nanoparticles measured at 450 K as a function of the IR L:B intensity ratio. The Pt/Ba-Y sample behaves atypically and has a very high CO coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-ir-l-b-intensity-ratios-and-1935v1qn.png Figure 6. Relationship between IR L:B intensity ratios and Lewis acid properties of the cations introduced in zeolite Y as expressed by the Kamlet-Taft parameterR. The Pt/H-Y sample could not be introduced in this plot because noR-values for H+ are available. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-co-coverage-on-supported-pt-nanoparticles-as-a-1xoktk5j.png Figure 7. CO coverage on supported Pt nanoparticles as a function of the desorption temperature: (a) Pt/K-Y, (b) Pt/Ca-Y, (c) Pt/Mg-Y, and (d) Pt/H-Y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-co-oxidation-activity-over-supported-pt-2prgjpuj.png Figure 11. CO oxidation activity over supported Pt nanoparticles expressed byT50% as a function of the IR L:B intensity ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-axafs-peak-intensity-of-supported-pt-nanoparticles-28o76sgc.png Figure 10. AXAFS peak intensity of supported Pt nanoparticles as a function of the IR L:B intensity ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fourier-transform-k1-k-2-5-8-a-1-of-atomic-xafs-of-25mxyd62.png Figure 9. Fourier transform (k1, ∆k ) 2.5-8 Å-1) of atomic XAFS of (a) Pt/K-Y, (b) Pt/Ca-Y, (c) Pt/Mg-Y, and (d) Pt/H-Y. https://scispace.com/papers/propellant-residues-deposition-from-small-arms-munitions-1p2neptwan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sampled-areas-m2-1jvkmwiz.png Table 3. Sampled areas (m2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-looking-downrange-at-range-6-2-camp-ethan-allen-vt-2b76k5mq.png Figure 1. Looking downrange at Range 6.2, Camp Ethan Allen, VT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sampling-the-m2hb-12-7-mm-machine-gun-firing-point-30kp8l6y.png Figure 3. Sampling the M2HB 12.7-mm machine gun firing point decision units at Range 6.5, Camp Ethan Allen, VT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-various-firing-point-residues-loads-3fqj25pm.png Table 8. Comparison of various firing point residues loads. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-downrange-estimates-of-small-arms-propellant-dekt06si.png Table 7. Downrange estimates of small-arms propellant residues deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-areas-sampled-for-small-arms-tests-2n6tyfoj.png Table 2. Areas sampled for small-arms tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-concentric-circle-sampling-of-firing-position-plume-2zdkh2tl.png Figure 5. Concentric circle sampling of firing position plume and OTP areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sampler-variation-test-results-1ptsdbm6.png Table 6. Sampler variation test results. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-electrons-scattered-on-a-strong-plane-10sv6dwt7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-quantity-versus-the-initial-phase-the-2tfx0rco.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Quantity versus the initial phase. The straight line on the top is the rough estimate given by Eq. (12) at https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-dynamics-of-electron-scattering-by-a-w3orchol.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Dynamics of electron scattering by a strong electromagnetic plane wave. The sine curve shows the electric vector in the wave. The trajectory of the electron crossed the laser beam (the dashed curve) is well described by Eq. (7) without the terms depending on the initial momenta. As for the reflected electrons (the solid curve), the absolute value of the exit angle tangent is twice the incidence angle tangent (19). The penetration depth is depicted schematically. The left inset: the penetration depth in the laser beam diameters. The asymptotic behavior at large γ values is in agreement with Eq. (18). The right inset shows the electromagnetic wave phase that the electron spends in it versus the initial phase characterizing the electron entrance point. The rough estimate is given by Eq. (11), while the fine estimate is obtained using the approximate expression for x(x–), where the terms depending on the initial momenta are thrown away (the case (ii) in (10)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-left-panel-the-reflection-law-formula-19-2ckew8ld.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Left panel: the reflection law. Formula (19) provides a faithful estimate for the reflection angle when the phase ψ0 lies near the plateau of the plot α(ψ0) given in Fig. 2. In that case, the relative error between the exit angle deduced from the exact solution and formula (19) is less than 2%. The point ψ0 = π/4 is not on this plateau and so a large deviation from Eq. (19) arises. Right panel: the escaping electron γ factor versus the exit angle. The cusps on the curves at α < 0 correspond to the reflection angles prescribed by (19). The cusp at α = 0 is formed mainly by the transmitted electrons with the γ factor approxi mated by (12) at ψ0 = π. For equiprobable initial phases, a high density of blobs on a curve corresponds to a high probability to find electrons with such an exit angle and γ factor. https://scispace.com/papers/prophylactic-dressing-to-minimize-sacral-pressure-injuries-4ahh4vy9fn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-consort-diagram-showing-participant-flow-1wvsu1g3.png Figure 1 The CONSORT diagram showing participant flow through the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-secondary-endpoints-3emp7vqi.png Table 1 Secondary endpoints https://scispace.com/papers/property-plant-and-equipment-disclosure-requirements-and-29i5cbbpl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-and-predicted-signs-for-independent-and-1xzajgdi.png Table 3. Definition and predicted signs for independent and control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-regression-model-for-number-of-15z2fi9w.png Table 7. Results of regression model for number of disclosures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-property-plant-equipment-disclosure-requirements-1tv4rt7i.png Table 1. Property, Plant & Equipment disclosure requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bivariate-relationships-for-the-independent-and-3jzox9dn.png Table 6. Bivariate relationships for the independent and control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-36scw0f7.png Table 2. Sample https://scispace.com/papers/prosocial-behaviors-in-context-examining-the-role-of-3989fmnkph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-younger-and-older-orchard-town-and-2seu4klu.png Figure 1. Percentage of younger and older Orchard Town and Tarong children’s observations wherein infant/toddler, children, and adult companions were present. Percentages indicate presence of at least one person in that category during the five-minute observation; and categories are not mutually exclusive, thus totals can exceed 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frequency-of-prosocial-behavior-in-older-childrens-fk33qo3n.png Figure 4. Frequency of prosocial behavior in older children’s observations as a function of kinship relationship, presented separately by cultural community and age of companion (figures represent average number of prosocial acts per five-minute observation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-of-prosocial-behaviors-towards-kin-and-27si54yh.png Figure 3. Frequency of prosocial behaviors towards kin and non-kin companions, presented separately by cultural community and age of actor (figures represent average number of prosocial acts per 5-minute observation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-prosocial-behaviors-in-young-childrens-m499u1pp.png Figure 2. Frequency of prosocial behaviors in young children’s observations as a function of companion age and kinship relationship (figures represent average number of prosocial acts per five-minute observation). https://scispace.com/papers/protective-and-compensatory-factors-mitigating-the-influence-3ds7q9a3e9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationships-of-friends-delinquency-and-self-3fa95znk.png Figure 1 Relationships of friends' delinquency and self-reported delinquency at three different levels of novelty seeking and puberty status https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-association-between-self-reports-of-delinquent-2v6nh9m3.png Table 1 Association between self reports of delinquent behaviors and friends' delinquency at age 13 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-of-self-reports-of-delinquent-behaviors-31tm33vx.png Table 2 Associations of self reports of delinquent behaviors and vulnerability/protective or risk/compensatory factors (i.e., family background, academic achievement, puberty status, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and peer acceptance) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fitted-regression-model-of-friends-delinquency-and-3lytwvva.png Table 3 Fitted regression model of friends' delinquency and vulnerability/protective or risk/compensatory factors (i.e., family background, academic achievement, puberty status, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and peer acceptance) with delinquent behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-levels-of-self-reported-delinquent-behaviors-by-vplc8try.png Table 4 Mean levels of self-reported delinquent behaviors by V/P and R/C composite score and friends' delinquency https://scispace.com/papers/protein-delivery-based-on-uncoated-and-chitosan-coated-xncd78fzn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1m5ehcdt.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xupopc9s.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2l00s2vr.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1ompqsnp.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1cd8c1o1.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1omdqrz9.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/protein-homeostasis-imposes-a-barrier-on-functional-k3ydxw4bqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-molecular-and-cellular-properties-of-278g4amo.png Fig 2. Distribution of molecular and cellular properties of orthologous DHFRs. A) Distribution of Tm values of the purified DHFR proteins assessed by thermal unfolding in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (see Materials and Methods). The proteins span wide range of stability between 42–63°C, as https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sequencing-of-the-orthologous-strains-a-mutations-1hlizrro.png Fig 5. Sequencing of the orthologous strains. A) Mutations detected by whole genome sequencing (WGS) in the evolved populations of WT and orthologous DHFR-23, 35, 37, and 38 strains are indicated with respect to their location in E. coli chromosome. Only mutations that exceed 20% frequency in a population are shown (see S4 Table for detailed sequencing results). Mutations validated by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing (S5 Table), or known from literature are annotated. IS186 insertion in clpX-lon intergenic area was also found in naive DHFR-23 and 27 strains (i.e., prior to evolutionary experiment) (pink circle). B) Intracellular Lon abundance decreases upon intergenic clpX-lon IS186 insertion. Intracellular Lon abundance in total cell lysates was detected using anti-Lon antibodies immediately upon HGT (orange) and after the evolutionary experiment (blue) (see Materials and Methods). Strains with IS186 insertion are marked with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-global-proteomic-response-to-hgt-a-z-scores-1vt9idgs.png Fig 7. Global proteomic response to HGT. A) z-scores correlation plots between proteomes of indicated DHFR orthologous strains (upon HGT and after evolution) andWT strain treated with 1 μg/ml trimethoprim (TMP) (see Materials and Methods and S6 Table). The strains are representative of the fitness https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fitness-landscape-of-hgt-strains-is-largely-explained-xdfh03ze.png Fig 3. Fitness landscape of HGT strains is largely explained by flux dynamics theory. A) Relationship between activity (kcat/Km) of the purified orthologous DHFR proteins and growth rate of the naive HGT strains (prior to evolution experiment). Strains that exhibit the most dramatic drop in fitness (DHFR-23, 35, 36, 38, and 43) are highlighted in orange (see Fig 1C). Wild type E. coli is labeled Ec. No correlation between fitness and activity exists (R = 0.34, p-value = 10−1) when all points are included (see Fig 4A). However, after excluding the outliers (DHFR-23, 35, 36, 38, and 43), the relationship between activity and growth follows flux dynamics theory that predicts that growth rate is proportional to total folate turnover (see the equation on the right; constants a and b depend on the number of enzymes and topology of the metabolic network) (green line, p-value = 10−4). B) Growth rate and activity after the evolution experiment. Similar to (A), fit also excludes DHFR-23, 35, 36, 38, and 43, but they nonetheless migrate to the prediction of the flux dynamics theory (n.d.–non-detectable). C-D) Relationship between growth rate and the product of relative intracellular abundance (from total lysates) and activity (kcat/Km). Theoretical fit also excludes DHFR-23, 35, 36, 38, and 43. (p-values are <10−4 for all theoretical fits in panels (A-D)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fine-tuning-evolution-of-orthologous-dhfr-expression-a-32ggvi64.png Fig 6. Fine-tuning evolution of orthologous DHFR expression. A) Eight independent evolutionary trajectories of DHFR-37 (from P. ananatis) show an increase in fitness after evolution. Growth rates of each individual trajectories were measured every 5 passages. Three trajectories (1, 2, and 8) becomemarkedly fitter than the rest after 31 passages. Error bars represent standard deviation of 4 independent measurements. B) Soluble abundance of DHFR-37 protein was measured in soluble cell fractions of all eight trajectories after evolution (In the gel, M: Marker). Note the pronounced abundance levels in trajectories 1, 2, and 8. N.d. not detected. Sequencing of folA gene revealed characteristic mutations in the promoter region that explain the increased abundance and improved fitness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-barrier-to-horizontal-transfer-of-orthologous-dhfr-2y2yeecn.png Fig 1. The barrier to horizontal transfer of orthologous DHFR proteins is alleviated by experimental evolution. A) ORF of folA gene encoding DHFR in the E. coli chromosome is replaced with orthologs from 35 other mesophiles, while preserving the endogenous promoter. The strains carrying the orthologous DHFR replacements are evolved for 31 serial passages (~600 generations) under standard conditions. B) Distribution of the growth rates before https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-role-of-molecular-and-cellular-properties-in-the-ca64j7qo.png Fig 4. The role of molecular and cellular properties in the fitness effects of HGT. A) Correlation between growth rates, sequence and biophysical properties, and cellular responses (S1, S2 and S3 Tables) Blocks are colored according to −log10 (p-values) of Spearman correlation. Correlation https://scispace.com/papers/protein-and-molecular-characterization-of-a-clinically-1pdwo6gh16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-profiling-of-af-ev-mirna-content-n-3-a-top-50-2bblnkgg.png Figure 8: Profiling of AF-EV miRNA content (n=3). (A) Top 50 expressed miRNAs. (B) General cell processes targeted by all miRNA present. (C) Specific cellular processes and signalling pathways targeted by the miRNA present. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mass-spectrometry-analysis-and-comparison-between-2re8gpph.png Figure 7: Mass spectrometry analysis and comparison between the AF-EV and AF CM soluble fraction. (A) Number of proteins shared and specific to the AF-EV or soluble fraction. (B) Heat map of GO-terms found in the AF-EV and resulting soluble fraction. (C) Transmembrane transporters and receptors enriched in AF-EV fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characterisation-of-af-cm-and-af-ev-fraction-a-8jjo0i7l.png Figure 4: Characterisation of AF-CM and AF-EV fraction. (A) Bioanalyser profile of RNA size (s) and frequency (FU) in AF-EV. (B) Size-frequency distribution plot of AF-EVs. (C) Electron micrograph images of AF-EV. (D) AF-CM and AF-EV fraction protein silver staining. (E) Uptake of PKH26 + AF-EV (red) by IMR-90 cells (red arrows). (E) Scale bar representative of 20μm. p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) or p < 0.001 (***) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-vitro-assessment-of-biological-activity-of-af-ev-29bivqq6.png Figure 5: In-vitro assessment of biological activity of AF-EV. (A-D) U251 cells stained for NF-κB-p65 (green) immunofluorescence (n=4). (E) Nuclear translocation of p65 analysed by intensity measurement. (F) NF-κB quantification. (G) H2O2 Stressed IMR-90 cells treated with AF-CM or AF-EV CM compared to a non-stressed control (NS). Images were taken at a 20x Magnification. Green and white arrows representative of weak and strong nuclear localisation respectively. Scale bar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-af-cm-and-muscle-regeneration-a-embryonic-myosin-3utf2la3.png Figure 3: AF-CM and muscle regeneration. (A) embryonic Myosin heavy chain expression in damaged muscle (green). (B) Quantification of cross sectional area of newly regenerated fibres. (C) Frequency distribution graph of regenerated muscle fibres. (D) Immunofluorescent staining for Pax7 (green), MyoD (Cyan) and DAPI (Magenta). (E) Quantification of quiescent satellite Pax-7 + /MyoD - , activated satellite cells Pax-7 + /MyoD + and muscle lineage committed progenitor cells Pax-7 - /MyoD + . (F) CD31 staining for capillaries in regenerating muscle. (G) Quantification of capillary density (number per mm 2 ) and (H) quantification per fibre. (I) F4-80 staining for macrophages (J) damaged areas assessed for the number of F4-80 + cells. Black arrows indicate F4-80 + cells. (A) Scale bars are equal to 100µm. (D, F, I) Scale bar represents 50μm. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=5). p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) or p < 0.001 (***) https://scispace.com/papers/protein-kinase-c-delta-is-a-substrate-of-tissue-1qzzj8d4h7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-patients-with-coeliac-disease-produce-elevated-1zkokwhs.png Figure 5. Patients with coeliac disease produce elevated levels of IgA anti-PKCδ. Sera from patients with coeliac disease contain elevated levels of anti-PKCδ autoantibodies (pb0.0001). Cut-off for positivity is represented by a dotted line and was calculated based on the mean +2SD of the results from the control samples. Disease controls were systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-tissue-transglutaminase-substrate-1pte6qzs.png Figure 1. Potential tissue transglutaminase substrate consensus motif site on human PKCδ. Located along the regulatory domain of PKCδ are the individual membrane binding domains, such as the C2-like and DAG/PMA binding motifs (C1a and C1b). Indicated on the catalytic domain of the enzyme are the positions of the phosphorylatable serine/threonine residues such as the activation loop domain (phosphorylatable amino acids are in yellow). Located C-terminal to the activation-loop threonine is a sequence (GQSP), which potentially represents a tTG consensus substrate sequence (GQxP motif where x=any amino acid). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ttg-catalyses-the-polymerisation-of-pkcd-a-the-sjk4uycf.png Figure 4. tTG catalyses the polymerisation of PKCδ. a: The combination of PKCδ and tTG in a transglutaminase reaction buffer results in the reduction of the PKCδ band at 80 kDa detected by Western blotting with anti-human PKCδ. Lane 1: 1 μg of recombinant PKCδ. Lane 2: Mock polymerisation reaction — 1 μg of PKCδ in reaction buffer with no tTG. Lane 3: The addition of tTG resulted in the reduction of the PKCδ band. b: A longer exposure of lane 3 from Fig. 3a reveals the presence of higher molecular weight bands at ~160 kDa and at the stacking/resolving gel interface. c: A polymerisation reaction containing tTG and PKCδ results in the production of high molecular weight bands that are recognised by a monoclonal anti-tTG antibody in a Western blot. A band also becomes apparent at the molecular weight of PKCδ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-western-blot-demonstrating-the-incorporation-of-3ib0ako5.png Figure 3. Western blot demonstrating the incorporation of hexapeptide substrate probes into PKCδ and tTG. Recombinant tTG and PKCδ were incubated in a transglutaminase reaction buffer with biotinylated hexapeptides that are established glutamine and lysine substrates for tTG. Western blots were probed with Extravidin® peroxidase in order to detect incorporated probes. In the absence of tTG (lanes 1+3) no probes are incorporated into PKCδ. In lane 2 a band appears at the molecular weight of tTG as well as a high molecular weight band where the lysine substrate probe has been incorporated. In lane 4 a band appears at the molecular weight of PKCδ as well as a high molecular weight band where the glutamine substrate probe has been incorporated. Lane 5 contains DMC, a known glutamine substrate of tTG. The glutamine substrate probe has been incorporated into DMC resulting in a band at 30 kDa. https://scispace.com/papers/protein-protein-interactions-network-analysis-and-vs6ayhigrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-small-molecule-disruptors-of-the-interaction-2s1gwpr1.png Figure 3. Small-molecule disruptors of the interaction between TCF and β-catenin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-disease-related-genes-and-pathways-hcct75mo.png Table 2 Examples of disease-related genes and pathways derived from PPI networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bh3-mimetics-in-phase-ii-clinical-trials-19e2k48p.png Figure 2. BH3 mimetics in phase II clinical trials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-small-molecule-ppi-inhibitors-with-anti-tumor-2wz5bzvv.png Figure 4. Small-molecule PPI inhibitors with anti-tumor effects https://scispace.com/papers/protein-structures-as-shapes-analysing-protein-structure-23epgokwtu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scaled-fd-values-for-the-simulation-illustrated-in-2kqrmpzt.png Table 1: Scaled FD values for the simulation illustrated in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hexagon-simulation-points-2-3-5-and-6-have-a-34j7j60t.png Figure 1: Hexagon simulation. Points 2, 3, 5, and 6 have a standard deviation of 0.05, while point 1 (low) have 0.005 and point 4 (high) have an standard deviation of 0.2. This plot was performed using the python library Matplotlib [Hunter, 2007]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fdm-analysis-of-the-npc1-n-terminal-domain-pdbcode-s6plcdqs.png Figure 3: FDM analysis of the NPC1 N-terminal domain (pdbcode 3GKH) with 3A and without 3B ligand. The color represents the FD, red being a higher score and blue the lowest. For comparison, the scale was set from the minimum FD value in both, to the maximum between the two. In this particular case, lower FD values (therefore the least variables) dominate the scale and the most influential is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fds-values-mapped-in-the-porcine-pancreatic-amylase-1qh7nlk9.png Figure 2: FDs values mapped in the porcine pancreatic Amylase structure (PDB code: 1PPI). Red represents the highly variable, while blue the least variable. A) A simulation of the values (The locations of the points are selected at random and do not represent any biological meaning). The highest and lowest FDs are represented in red and blue respectively and pointed by arrows. Here the color scale was offset by 0.5 and the midpoint was set at 0.01 for visualization. B) The FDs for a dataset of 135 structures, gathered with a PSI blast seeded with a PFAM seed alignment. The structure used for FD mapping is the porcine pancreatic amylase (PDB code: 1PPI). The grey chain correspond to the non homologous section of the 1PPI with respect to the alignment. Both figures were rendered with VMD v1.91 [Humphrey et al., 1996]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-principal-co-ordinates-analysis-pcoa-of-135-protein-y8ts0ixo.png Figure 4: Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) of 135 protein crystals of the α-Amylase. The circled groups show clusters of structural similarity. The PCoA was performed in R [R, 2011] and modified with a python script using Matplotlib [Hunter, 2007] library. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-principal-coordinate-analysis-of-495-snapshots-from-ts111jf2.png Figure 5: Principal coordinate analysis of 495 snapshots from 100 ns of molecular dynamic simulations of the NPC1 N-terminal domain without (5A) and with (5B) cholesterol bound to it. The gray scale is proportional to the time of the simulation getting progressively lighter as the simulation develops. The symbols and λ represent the starting and final points respectively https://scispace.com/papers/protoplanetary-disk-masses-from-radiative-transfer-modeling-3p18cw4a3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstration-of-the-effect-on-the-model-sed-by-18nzuwkv.png Figure 1. Demonstration of the effect on the model SED by varying each of the eight free parameters from the fiducial model. The dashed gray line in each plot is the stellar photosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-implementing-the-external-size-constraint-2qasde8x.png Figure 7. Effect of implementing the external size constraint in the fitting. Both panels show Reff vs. Fν at 880 μm, with the red line depicting the constraint (Equation (10)). The top panel shows the results of the fitting without the constraint included, and bottom shows those with the constraint. The points outlined in black and with black error bars are systems with detections at λ>500 μm, while those in gray have no measurements or only upper limits at λ>500 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-results-of-our-fitting-for-the-eight-free-be8kqua0.png Figure 9. Results of our fitting for the eight free parameters plus κ (at 1300 μm), Tdust, F F ,thinn n (also at 1300 μm), and M Mlog dust dust,ana( ). The histograms show the distributions of the median values from the posterior sample of models for each target. Blue histograms are from the fits without the size constraint, and orange are from the fits with the size constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-effect-of-varying-the-maximum-grain-size-amax-1u7uo99e.png Figure 2. Top—Effect of varying the maximum grain size, amax, on the dust opacity spectrum with the index of the size distribution, q, fixed at 3.5. Middle —Same as above but varying q and fixing amax to 10 4 μm. In both plots, κ=2.3 g cm−2 at a wavelength of 1300 μm is indicated with a black point. This is the value commonly assumed by previous studies. Bottom—Effect of jointly varying amax and q on the opacity value at 1300 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-fn-l-returned-from-the-full-radiative-transfer-346er2te.png Figure 5. The Fν(λ) returned from the full radiative transfer model (black) compared with F ,thin ln ( ) added to the flux from the stellar photosphere (blue) for disks with a variety of dust masses (rows) and disk sizes (columns). The gray dashed line in each plot is the stellar photosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spectral-index-a-measured-between-wavelengths-of-1-3aecniqd.png Figure 6. Spectral index (α) measured between wavelengths of 1 and 3 mm vs. disk size for three different model dust masses. The spectral indices of the full radiative transfer models are shown in black, and those of the optically thin models are shown in blue. These are compared with 2b + (green), the expectation for α in the case of a completely optically thin disk in the Rayleigh–Jeans regime. The difference between the green and blue lines is due to deviations from the Rayleigh–Jeans regime, and the difference between the blue and black lines is due to optical depth effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-model-fits-to-the-measured-seds-the-data-are-2pd72nji.png Figure 8. Model fits to the measured SEDs. The data are plotted in black circles (detections) and gray triangles (3σ upper limits). Open circles are points that were excluded from the fitting. The stellar photosphere is shown in green. The shaded regions show the range (15.9%–84.1%) of flux densities from the posterior sample of model fits, with the solid lines showing the median model. Models shown in blue were fit without the size constraint, while models shown in orange were fit with the size constraint. Systems marked with an asterisk were not well fit by our model and were excluded from our subsequent analysis. A subset of our targets is shown here; the complete figure set (11 images) is available in the online journal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fit-results-with-size-constraint-e963ptib.png Table 4 Fit Results (with Size Constraint) https://scispace.com/papers/providing-comprehensive-smoking-cessation-care-to-surgical-2p09bb85f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computer-based-comprehensive-smoking-cessation-care-2owczdt6.png Figure 1: Computer-based comprehensive smoking cessation care https://scispace.com/papers/prototyping-retractable-string-based-interaction-techniques-2e1liz0tdw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-appointment-browser-a-screenshots-of-wristworn-2d-s5zbc0io.png Figure 3. Appointment browser. (a) Screenshots of wristworn 2D display. (b) Projector-based AR prototype showing tracked string display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-spherical-wedge-within-which-string-is-tracked-b-2t498hl7.png Figure 2. (a) Spherical wedge within which string is tracked. (b) Angular cells (shaded areas). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-diagram-of-proposed-retractable-string-device-b-g9fx4hqi.png Figure 1. (a) Diagram of proposed retractable string device. (b) Concept rendering of 1D string display system, complementing the mobile device’s primary 2D screen. https://scispace.com/papers/providing-service-guarantees-in-802-11e-edca-wlans-with-3phjz1q59c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-collision-rate-1w1hkvha.png Fig. 8. Collision rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-multiple-acs-1pe0v2ye.png Fig. 13. Multiple ACs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-changing-conditions-1nwohymm.png Fig. 10. Changing conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-nonsaturated-traffic-3tch0h0y.png Fig. 14. Nonsaturated traffic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-the-linearized-system-2cz1r1i9.png Fig. 4. Block diagram of the linearized system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-validation-of-the-transient-model-fig-12-inactive-vxru4gz5.png Fig. 11. Validation of the transient model. Fig. 12. Inactive stations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wlan-without-dacks-main-plot-total-throughput-subplots-3fd0achs.png Fig. 7. WLAN without DACKS (main plot: total throughput; subplots: throughput per EDCA/DCF station). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-stability-5cwu8ao9.png Fig. 9. Stability. https://scispace.com/papers/proximity-search-heuristics-for-wind-farm-optimal-layout-1dp4h894r9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-our-overall-heuristic-framework-2nkeo6ze.png Fig. 3 Our overall heuristic framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-solution-profit-over-time-for-4-sample-instances-with-3o14kp8s.png Fig. 4 Solution profit over time for 4 sample instances with n = 1,000 (top left and top right), n = 5000 (bottom left), and n = 10,000 (bottom right); the higher the profit the better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-basic-proximity-search-scheme-1d01a4fe.png Fig. 2 The basic proximity search scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-times-each-algorithm-finds-the-best-2doix8lh.png Table 1 Number of times each algorithm finds the best solution within the time limit (wins), and optimality ratio with respect to the best known solution—the larger the better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-turbine-packing-in-an-offshore-setting-with-cumulative-3mtiveju.png Fig. 1 Turbine packing in an offshore setting with cumulative interference (100 potential turbine locations on a regular 10× 10 grid). https://scispace.com/papers/pseudorabies-virus-induces-a-rapid-up-regulation-of-nitric-1b24jwq6ln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immunohistochemical-detection-of-enos-a-and-b-and-2qekes3k.png Figure 3. Immunohistochemical detection of eNOS (A and B), and nNOS (C and D) in the 13 nervous tissue of PRV-infected pigs. (A) Section from TG at 48 hpi showing numerous eNOS 14 immunopositive blood vessels. (B) Brain stem at 48 hpi. Note the strong intensity of staining for 15 eNOS in endothelial cells of vessels that show perivascular cuffs. The inset shows a brain stem 16 neuron immunopositive for eNOS. (C) nNOS immunoreactivity in TG neurons at 48 hpi. Note 17 that neurons during the process of neuronophagia (arrows) do not exhibit immunoreactivity for 18 nNOS. (D) Double immunostaining for PRV (brown stain) and nNOS (blue stain) in the TG at 72 19 hpi. The arrow points to a double-stained neuron; the arrowhead points to a neuron only stained 20 for PRV and in process of neuronophagia. Original magnifications, X10 (A, B, C, and D), X20 21 (inset in C), and X40 (inset in B). 22 23 https://scispace.com/papers/pseudo-newtonian-potentials-for-nearly-parabolic-orbits-2p3fxxd9dg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-for-the-potentials-u-r-am-r-1-a-m-r-rx-3t8sgijg.png Table 1 Coefficients for the Potentials U (r) = −αM/r − (1 − α)M/(r − Rx ) −MRy/r2 (Equation (1)) Described in This Work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-precession-per-orbit-produced-by-rgs4d585.png Figure 1. Comparison of the precession per orbit produced by the proposed potentials with the GR expression for parabolic orbits as a function of specific angular momentum, h. The labeled potentials are described in Table 1. The GR precession is shown by a solid black line (in the upper panel the precession produced by potential C lies almost on top of the GR expression). In the lower panel, we plot the fractional error relative to the relativistic precession, defined to be (Δφ − ΔφGR)/(ΔφGR − 2π ). https://scispace.com/papers/pseudospin-symmetry-and-the-relativistic-harmonic-oscillator-5b9hdn5p54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radial-wave-functions-ford-0-of-the-states-a-2s1-2-b-1823m1gi.png FIG. 3. Radial wave functions forD=0 of the states(a) 2s1/2, (b) 1d3/2, and (c) 1d5/2 with v1 =2, v2=1, andm=10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-single-particle-energies-for-the-cased-u-0-with-v1-2-143c7hx4.png FIG. 11. Single particle energies for the caseD=U=0 with v1 =2, v2=0, andm=10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-spectrum-fors-0-with-v1-2-v2-1-andm-10-e5ji9auh.png FIG. 5. Energy spectrum forS=0 with v1=2, v2=1, andm =10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-radial-wave-functions-fors-0-of-the-states-a-1p1-2s2s1-3v2r5xvp.png FIG. 6. Radial wave functions forS=0 of the states(a) 1̃p̃1/2s2s1/2d, (b) 1̃p̃3/2s1d3/2d, and (c) 0̃f̃5/2s1d5/2d with v1=2, v2=1, andm=10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-levels-ford-0-with-v1-2-andm-10-as-a-function-73jk38nv.png FIG. 1. Energy levels forD=0 with v1=2 andm=10 as a function of v2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-radial-wave-functions-for-the-potential-s-0-of-the-8ulqwf05.png FIG. 12. Radial wave functions for the potential S=0 of the states(a) 1̃p̃1/2s2s1/2d, (b) 1̃p̃3/2s1d3/2d, and (c) 0̃f̃5/2s1d5/2d with the same parameters as in Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-single-particle-energies-for-the-cases-0-with-the-3s8ukk1t.png FIG. 13. Single particle energies for the caseS=0 with the quantum numbers(a) sn l jd and (b) sñl̃ j̃ = jd. The parameters are v1=2, v2=0, andm=10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ground-state-radial-wave-functions-for-the-normal-qgmiily0.png FIG. 8. Ground state radial wave functions for the normal Dirac oscillator with the same parameters as in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-outcomes-following-the-hazelwood-mine-fire-a-5auqang5s0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-ies-r-total-and-k10-weighted-scores-k4jsagk6.png Figure 1. Distribution of IES-R Total and K10 weighted scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ies-r-k10-and-number-of-major-stressful-events-for-vsnl4fzh.png Table 2. IES-R, K10 and number of major stressful events for Morwell and Sale participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-morwell-and-sale-adult-survey-1sf31p99.png Table 1. Demographics of Morwell and Sale Adult Survey participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-demographic-characteristics-of-survey-and-interview-34zhh3xc.png Table 4. Demographic characteristics of survey and interview participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-self-reported-doctor-diagnosed-psychological-13z772oz.png Table 3. Self-reported doctor-diagnosed psychological conditions first diagnosed prior to the mine fire (2013 or earlier) or post mine fire (2014 or later). https://scispace.com/papers/psychosocial-functioning-of-olympic-coaches-and-its-3w7oqr1sc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mixed-methods-appraisal-tool-criteria-220irx0y.png Table 2 Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-studies-included-in-the-review-3fchud1p.png Table 1 Summary of Studies Included in the Review https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-studies-included-in-the-review-scored-against-mmat-afwukqg9.png Table 3 Studies Included in the Review Scored Against MMAT Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-preferred-reporting-items-for-systematic-3cyh9dq6.png Figure 1. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart. N number of papers. https://scispace.com/papers/psychotropic-drug-prescription-in-adolescents-a-jomnr6v3fx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-icd-10-psychiatric-diagnoses-of-the-patients-20kj9jrj.png Table 2. ICD-10 psychiatric diagnoses of the patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psychotropic-drugs-approved-in-switzerland-in-2ki7n6j0.png Table 1. Psychotropic drugs approved in Switzerland in children and adolescents for psychiatric indications a https://scispace.com/papers/psychropotid-holothurians-echinodermata-holothuroidea-3ufvrnk87v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-psycheotrephes-discoveryi-sp-nov-dorsal-deposits-a-wjxs5hep.png FIGURE 5. Psycheotrephes discoveryi sp. nov., dorsal deposits: A–E, holotype; F–G, Galathea, St. 663. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-psychropotes-longicauda-st-15773-32-a-dorsal-view-b-31bpyu4m.png FIGURE 7. Psychropotes longicauda, St. 15773#32. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view (scale a=5 cm); C, side view schematically; D, E, dorsal deposits (scale b=0.15 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-on-trawl-stations-of-d300-cruise-of-rrs-x4so5stk.png TABLE 1. Data on trawl stations of D300 cruise of RRS Discovery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-benthodytes-abyssicola-st-15773-17-scale-a-5-cm-a-2lp718xa.png FIGURE 3. Benthodytes abyssicola. St. 15773#17 (scale a=5 cm). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. St. 15773#4 (scale a=5 cm). C, dorsal view; D, ventral view. E, F dorsal deposits (scale b=0.5 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-benthodytes-wolffi-sp-nov-holotype-a-dorsal-view-b-3qrbk8iu.png FIGURE 1. Benthodytes wolffi sp. nov., holotype. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, specimen from St. 15775#13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-psychropotes-scotiae-st-15773-23-a-dorsal-view-b-3o6o9634.png FIGURE 6. Psychropotes scotiae, St. 15773#23. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view (scale a=5 cm); C–G, dorsal deposits; H–J, ventral deposits (scale b=0.1 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-benthodytes-abyssicola-paralectotype-nhm-cat-nr-83-35hczlhe.png FIGURE 4. Benthodytes abyssicola. Paralectotype NHM Cat. Nr. 83.6.18.77. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; Lectotype C, dorsal view; D, ventral view; E, tentacle disc; Paralectotype NHM Cat. Nr. 83.6.18.73. F, dorsal view; G, ventral view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-psychropotes-xenochromata-sp-nov-a-f-dorsal-2v2y7yec.png FIGURE 9. Psychropotes xenochromata sp. nov. A–F, dorsal deposits; G–I, ventral deposits. https://scispace.com/papers/ptz-camera-assisted-face-acquisition-tracking-recognition-4pm4slqrs9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-camera-system-and-images-of-global-and-close-2da1tewn.png Fig. 1. Proposed camera system and images of global and close-up views. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-probe-images-that-were-not-successfully-b0vfgqjz.png Fig. 8. Example probe images that were not successfully matched at rank1 due to (a) tracking failure, (b) off-frontal pose, (c) motion blur, and (d) non-neutral expression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-probe-images-successfully-matched-at-rank-1-3n46rmk7.png Fig. 9. Example probe images successfully matched at rank-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematics-of-non-coaxial-and-coaxial-camera-systems-zi2etcmu.png Fig. 2. Schematics of non coaxial and coaxial camera systems. The two targets projected on the same point in the image plane correspond to the same (different) pan and title angle of PTZ camera in (non) coaxial camera system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-proposed-coaxial-camera-system-two-e8fi9flw.png Fig. 3. Schematic of the proposed coaxial camera system: Two static cameras are placed above and beside the PTZ camera to generate the virtual camera in a coaxial position w.r.t. the PTZ camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-facial-images-at-a-distance-of-5-to-10-m-ptz-camera-286da0hy.png Fig. 4. Facial images at a distance of 5 to 10 m: PTZ camera was controlled using (a) a single static camera and (b) dual (vertical and horizontal) cameras in coaxial configuration after the calibration between (xs, ys) and (p, t) at a distance of 5 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-head-localization-a-background-image-b-input-image-c-2inke570.png Fig. 5. Head localization: (a) background image, (b) input image, (c) silhouette, and (d) localized head region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-the-proposed-camera-system-e5b61g6g.png Fig. 6. Schematic of the proposed camera system. https://scispace.com/papers/public-health-policy-for-management-of-hearing-impairments-1ft2bpsrpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-envisaged-physical-architecture-of-evotion-platform-1dtl2egi.png Figure 2 Envisaged physical architecture of EVOTION platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evotion-platform-information-flows-and-decision-116xxh53.png Figure 1. EVOTION platform, information flows and decision marking https://scispace.com/papers/public-large-screen-enabled-content-collection-and-o1k6lq2kv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-talking-format-we-used-in-our-practice-2nqizl0h.png Fig. 5. Talking format we used in our practice https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-stories-and-their-connections-3aof7v18.png Fig. 6. Example stories and their connections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-framework-for-content-collection-and-2u37ntzc.png Fig. 1. Proposed framework for content collection and connection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scenes-from-the-mobile-video-workshop-the-venue-and-253h1b89.png Fig. 8. Scenes from the mobile video workshop (the venue and outside) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-screenshot-of-timeline-view-3muk4y4d.png Fig. 7. Screenshot of timeline view https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshots-of-the-shower-style-view-3r3zpikr.png Fig. 2. Screenshots of the shower-style view https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scenes-from-the-collective-photo-collage-workshop-1johzaob.png Fig. 3. Scenes from the collective photo collage workshop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-workshop-scenario-and-system-architecture-3qogogz5.png Fig. 4. Workshop scenario and system architecture https://scispace.com/papers/public-key-cryptography-for-rfid-tags-4teztuw4ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-okamotos-identification-protocol-rtcw3h99.png Figure 1. Okamoto’s identification protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operation-counts-for-ec-point-addition-and-doubling-2od9d0rm.png Table 1. Operation Counts for EC point addition and doubling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-implementation-results-175-khz-and-assuming-a-1mn1q70i.png Table 3. Implementation results @ 175 kHz and assuming a dedicated squarer circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cycle-count-for-ec-operations-over-f2p-l-load-c-2v54p706.png Table 2. Cycle count for EC operations over F2p . L: Load, C: Computation, S: Store, d = pD , n = log2 k https://scispace.com/papers/public-perspectives-on-social-distancing-and-other-1n4ok6q3z1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-characteristics-of-respondents-on-ddsbrkgq.png Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents on March 23rd, 2020, by country. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-being-informed-about-and-belief-in-the-effectiveness-39i68m9r.png Table 2. Being informed about and belief in the effectiveness of policy recommendations during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on March 23rd, 2020, by country. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-individual-implementation-of-protective-measures-in-m5x6b1k6.png Fig 3. Individual implementation of protective measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (early phase) on March 23rd, 2020, by country. Response percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100%. Percentages below 5% were omitted in the visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-being-informed-about-and-belief-in-the-effectiveness-10bqbtcr.png Fig 2. Being informed about and belief in the effectiveness of policy recommendations during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on March 23rd, 2020, by country. Response percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100%. Percentages below 5% were omitted in the visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-implementation-of-protective-measures-in-3ofilx90.png Table 3. Individual implementation of protective measures in response to COVID-19 pandemic on March 23rd, 2020, by country. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-respondents-in-survey-on-march-23rd-2020-3fyh50k8.png Fig 1. Flow chart of respondents in survey, on March 23rd, 2020. https://scispace.com/papers/public-protection-strategies-for-potential-nuclear-reactor-f3km2ilalq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-representative-shielding-factors-from-gamma-cloud-3o2nyi2c.png TABLE 1. REPRESENTATIVE SHIELDING FACTORS FROM GAMMA CLOUD SOURCE (from Ref. 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regionally-averaged-shielding-factors-for-sheltering-260ci4eb.png TABLE 5. REGIONALLY AVERAGED SHIELDING FACTORS FOR SHELTERING AT LOCATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-shielding-factors-for-surface-deposited-167m3h1k.png TABLE 1. REPRESENTATIVE SHIELDING FACTORS FROM GAMMA CLOUD SOURCE (from Ref. 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-shielding-factors-for-airborne-hhzo4mn9.png TABLE 3. SELECTED SHIELDING FACTORS FOR AIRBORNE RADIONUCLIDES Wood nouse, no basement 0.9 https://scispace.com/papers/pull-out-behavior-of-cfrp-single-strap-ground-anchors-qyvrxb0y70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-experimental-series-and-results-202n7vrh.png Table 1. Overview of experimental series and results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-anchor-specimens-a-s605-b-c380-1-c-c200-171j2uar.png Fig. 4. Anchor specimens: (a) S605; (b) C380-1; (c) C200 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-set-up-and-instrumentation-layout-1me4sjbw.png Fig. 5. Experimental set-up and instrumentation layout (dimensions in [mm]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-load-vs-tangential-tensile-strain-responses-of-46do6wpx.png Fig. 11. Load vs tangential tensile strain responses of embedded straps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-failure-mode-of-anchor-c380-2-a-double-cone-failure-of-3mpd1uad.png Fig. 8. Failure mode of anchor C380-2: (a) double-cone failure of unconfined grout; (b) similar failure mode in uniaxial compression https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-load-vs-tangential-tensile-strain-responses-of-air-1mo5p7tu.png Fig. 10. Load vs tangential tensile strain responses of air-side straps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-failure-mode-of-anchor-s605-a-cut-view-of-anchor-body-17bcftz6.png Fig. 7. Failure mode of anchor S605: (a) cut view of anchor body; (b) rupture of embedded strap at gage location; (c) strap delamination at gage location https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prestressed-and-permanent-cfrp-ground-anchors-with-26cqv61p.png Fig. 1. Prestressed and permanent CFRP ground anchors with multi-strap end https://scispace.com/papers/pull-compression-tests-on-glued-in-metric-thread-rods-tvg5fywu46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-setup-for-pull-compression-tests-using-two-xjj3onk7.png Fig. 4 Test setup for pull-compression tests using two inductive displacement sensors (max. 20 mm) and load cell (max. 5 t) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-storage-at-alternating-climate-time-scale-in-the-3lhhisax.png Fig. 3 Storage at alternating climate (time scale in the middle section is compressed) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-yield-load-fy-as-a-function-of-the-stiffness-of-the-2thz4oa1.png Fig. 8 Yield load Fy as a function of the stiffness of the joint kjoint in the linear elastic range for different test materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ultimate-load-fu-as-a-function-of-ductility-d-for-the-1hc5k99n.png Fig. 9 Ultimate load Fu as a function of ductility D for the different test materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-failure-modes-of-gluedin-rods-a-shear-failure-along-17gtxi4n.png Fig. 1 Failure modes of gluedin rods: a shear failure along the rod, b tensile failure, c group tear out, d splitting failure, e yielding of the rod (Tlustochowicz et al. 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-load-slip-curves-of-all-specimens-tested-29svce24.png Fig. 5 Load-slip-curves of all specimens tested https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-test-specimens-examined-in-the-laboratory-kazzatow.png Table 1 Number of test specimens examined in the laboratory tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ratio-of-characteristic-values-from-the-experimental-39ff4p36.png Fig. 11 Ratio of characteristic values from the experimental results and characteristic values of the design rules (proposals) https://scispace.com/papers/pulmonary-embolism-and-splenic-infarction-caused-by-w4smzf2600 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-30h3059x.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/pulmonary-epithelial-sodium-channel-dysfunction-and-excess-3ag3vqxl0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-posterior-gamma-camera-radionuclide-images-of-whole-1zutjdgv.png Figure 4. Posterior Gamma-Camera Radionuclide Images of Whole-Lung Clearance in a Normal Subject and a Patient with Systemic Pseudohypoaldosteronism Immediately after Inhalation of Technetium-99m–Labeled Iron Oxide Particles and 10, 20, and 30 Minutes Later. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-sweat-and-salivary-1c8sono3.png TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, SWEAT AND SALIVARY ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS, AND GENOTYPES OF PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-se-bioelectric-indexes-of-nasal-epithelial-2dv83qr1.png Figure 1. Mean (±SE) Bioelectric Indexes of Nasal Epithelial Sodium Transport in 33 Normal Subjects (Open Bars), 9 Patients with Systemic Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Solid Bars), and 3 Patients with Renal Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Hatched Bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-se-volume-for-weight-ionic-composition-and-163k99ec.png Figure 2. Mean (±SE) Volume for Weight, Ionic Composition, and Estimated Osmolarity [2([NA+]+[K+])] of Nasal Surface Liquid Recovered from Eight Normal Subjects (Open Bars), Eight Patients with Systemic Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Solid Bars), and Three Patients with Renal Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Hatched Bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-excess-airway-liquid-in-patient-3-a-six-year-old-c0199t44.png Figure 3. Excess Airway Liquid in Patient 3, a Six-Year-Old Boy with Systemic Pseudohypoaldosteronism. https://scispace.com/papers/pulsed-operation-of-the-cern-sps-collider-3cv9x8qt0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tune-diagram-at-100-gev-884uj8o1.png Figure 3: Tune diagram at 100 GeV https://scispace.com/papers/pupillary-aperture-is-a-potential-biomarker-of-movement-376t8p07sb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-temporal-sequence-of-stimuli-in-a-c172s3x9.png Figure 1. Schematic of temporal sequence of stimuli in a novel choice-countermanding task. Following a fixation period, four checker boxes painted with different proportion of cyan and magenta appeared peripherally along with a small white broken circle around the fixation spot. After 500 ms the fixation spot and the broken circle disappeared, and all four peripheral checker boxes were masked by grey squares simultaneously. (A) In the majority (60%) of trials (No-stop condition), participants were asked to select the checker box with the largest proportion of magenta color (magnified in inset), and orient their gaze to the location of the selected target following the disappearance of the fixation spot within a predetermined fixed period. Eye traces from representative saccades in no-stop trials are shown by white dots. (B) In the remaining trials (Stop condition), the fixation spot reappeared after a random delay (i.e. SSD) to instruct participants to withhold their eye-movement. In some trials, participants were able to inhibit pre-planned saccade successfully, but often they failed to do so resulting in the elicitation of non-cancelled saccades. No-stop and stop trials were randomly interleaved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-influence-of-saccadic-reaction-time-rt-on-pupil-2m42hkfg.png Figure 4: Influence of saccadic reaction time (RT) on pupil dynamics relative to saccade onset. The average smoothened, normalized and baseline corrected pupil size in (A) correct no-stop and (B) non-cancelled stop trials across the population (N=20) that yielded short (solid), medium (dashed) and long (dotted) RT. The grey patches are overlaid on the traces to show corresponding standard error of mean pupil size. The average (± SEM) linear rate of pupil constriction was calculated in 300 ms following the onset of pupil constriction across (C) correct no-stop and (D) non-cancelled stop trials in three RT groups. The average onset time of pupil constriction are shown by thin vertical lines (short RT: solid, medium RT: dashed, and long RT: dotted). The result shows that the pupils constricted at a higher rate during saccade planning when saccade elicitation was faster. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-neuro-mechanical-model-of-3o5z7t4u.png Table 1: Parameters of the neuro-mechanical model of pupillary muscles. Description of these parameters and value used for simulation are enlisted. Symbols corresponding to these parameters in the equations used to design the model are given in ‘Materials and Methods’. Parameters shown in shaded rows are either modified or introduced to incorporate influence of saccade planning on autonomic input to pupillary muscle plants in Usui-Hirata (1995) model of PLR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-schematic-of-radial-arrangement-of-pupillary-3uun68ix.png Figure 6: (A) Schematic of radial arrangement of pupillary muscles shown by shapes similar to loom spindle (sphincter: grey, dilator: white) in dilated (left) and constricted (middle) condition of pupil aperture (inner circle), and a one-dimensional mechanical equivalent of two-dimensional pupillary muscles (right). (B) Schematic of revised Usui-Hirata (1995) model of pupillary muscle plant. In this model, rise-tothreshold activity in the FEF and SC (shown in inset) during saccade planning determined the dynamic part of parasympathetic (Es) and sympathetic (Ed) autonomic activity that constricts and dilates pupil, respectively. Ts = tension in sphincter; Td = tension in dilator; p = Td – Ts ; x = radius of pupil aperture; xmax = total length of sphincter and dilator; CE = contractile element; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-plausible-neural-network-for-the-realization-of-19yh7rxl.png Figure 8: A plausible neural network for the realization of influence of planning saccadic eye movement on pupillary light response [based on (Munoz, 2002; Wang and Munoz, 2015; Mathôt, 2018)]. Abbreviations: frontal eye field (FEF), supplementary eye field (SEF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), lateral intra-parietal (LIP), basal ganglia (BG), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior colliculus intermediate (SCi), superior colliculus superficial (SCs), brainstem reticular formation (BSRF), locus coeruleus (LC), hypothalamus (Hypo), medulla (Med), intermediolateral nucleus of spinal cord (IML), superior cervical ganglia (SCG), pretectal olivary nucleus (PON), Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWN), mesencephalic cuneiform nucleus (MCN), ciliary ganglion (CG). Arrows: excitatory (spear head), inhibitory (dot head), black (saccade pathway), gray shadowed (PLR pathway). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-and-reaction-time-rt-in-correct-no-stop-2je7kfc3.png Figure 2. Performance and reaction time (RT) in correct no-stop and non-cancelled stop trials. (A) – (B) The average percentage of rewarded trials and reaction time (RT) in nostop (grey) and stop (white) condition. (C) – (D) The average percentage of failure in stopping saccade and reaction time in non-cancelled stop trials gradually increased as stop-signal delay (SSD) increased. Error bars indicate standard error of corresponding mean. These results ensure that the participants followed the instructions, and attempted to cancel planned saccade in stop trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-saccadic-reaction-time-rt-on-simulated-34td1ljo.png Figure 7: Influence of saccadic reaction time (RT) on simulated pupil dynamics from the decision-cue onset. (A) Simulated rise-to-threshold FEF/SC activity (grey) in three exemplar trials that yielded RT of 100, 276 and 436 ms are overlaid with corresponding simulated normalized and baseline-corrected pupil size (black) for short (solid), medium (dashed) and long (dotted) RT. A horizontal thin grey line at 1.0 indicates the threshold of saccade elicitation. RT was calculated relative to the target onset (down arrow). (B) The average (± SD) simulated normalized and baseline-corrected pupil size across trials that yielded short (solid), medium (dashed) and long (dotted) RT. (C) The average (± SD) rate of simulated pupil constriction calculated over 200 ms from onset of constriction in three RT groups are plotted. Simulation of the neuro-mechanical model of pupillary muscles mimics the behavioral data (see Figure 3A) and supports the primary empirical finding that the constriction rate is inversely related to RT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-pupil-dynamics-in-correct-no-stop-solid-line-and-1vihtrud.png Figure 5: (A) Pupil dynamics in correct no-stop (solid line) and stop (broken line) trials aligned at target onset. (B) Corresponding area under the ROC curve (see MATERIALS AND METHODS). Grey patches indicate standard error of mean. https://scispace.com/papers/punctuated-transcription-of-multi-genre-broadcasts-using-4hd18t44r8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-systems-when-trained-with-or-without-xxy7whah.png Table 4. Comparison of systems when trained with or without punctuation marks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-f-measure-of-punctuation-marks-on-asr-output-3owmto57.png Fig. 3. F-Measure of punctuation marks on ASR output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wer-without-punctuation-on-the-official-dev-set-our-cb6han8j.png Table 3. WER without punctuation on the official dev set, our dev subset and WER with punctuation on our dev subset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-venn-diagrams-showing-mutual-agreement-of-systems-on-i0jg5mi2.png Fig. 4. Venn diagrams showing mutual agreement of systems on correctly predicted punctuation marks. Each diagram shows the relations between 3 out of 4 systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-systems-on-reference-ref-and-asr-bfbox1zr.png Table 5. Results of the systems on reference (REF) and ASR output (ASR). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-hyper-string-wfsa-for-string-good-morning-3gb9dnox.png Fig. 1. Example of hyper-string WFSA for string ”GOOD MORNING” https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-occurrences-of-punctuation-marks-in-the-lm-13ui0cmr.png Table 1. Number of occurrences of punctuation marks in the LM training data, and in the transcripts of the acoustic training and dev sets.. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-the-n-gram-length-to-perplexity-ppl-1rdm5exo.png Table 2. Impact of the n-gram length to perplexity (PPL), precision (P), recall(R) and f-measure (F1). https://scispace.com/papers/purchasing-power-parity-granger-causality-tests-for-the-yen-3qbtpzv8if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yen-dollar-exchange-rate-23bq8tvl.png Figure 1: Yen-Dollar Exchange Rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-japanese-wholesale-and-export-prices-yen-basis-1vxcun97.png Figure 6: Japanese Wholesale and Export Prices (Yen Basis) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-export-prices-in-comparison-to-consumer-prices-ijw4c22q.png Figure 2: Export Prices in Comparison to Consumer Prices, Japan and US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-japanese-wholesale-and-import-prices-yen-basis-2gcezbid.png Figure 5: Japanese Wholesale and Import Prices (Yen Basis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-f-values-of-granger-causality-tests-1973-01-1984-12-2icqx77q.png Table 2: F-values of Granger causality tests (1973.01 – 1984.12, 144 observations) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-changes-of-the-yen-dollar-exchange-rate-2ob5utkz.png Figure 7: Relative Changes of the Yen-Dollar Exchange Rate (Versus Previous Month) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yen-dollar-exchange-rate-and-export-price-based-ppp-xf2p70kr.png Figure 3: Yen-Dollar Exchange Rate and Export Price Based PPP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-f-values-of-granger-causality-tests-1987-01-2000-07-1pph1clx.png Table 3: F-values of Granger causality tests (1987.01 – 2000.07, 187 observations) https://scispace.com/papers/pure-platinum-nanostructures-grown-by-electron-beam-induced-x63zb91nrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-etch-pits-in-the-substrate-surface-near-deposits-22re6g9j.png Figure 4: Etch pits in the substrate surface near deposits subjected to a 600◦C anneal in H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-color-online-composition-of-pt-pf3-4-ebid-deposits-2evzdgm0.png Figure 3: (color online) Composition of Pt(PF3)4-EBID deposits plotted as a function of annealing time in H2O vapor at 250 and 400 ◦C. Also shown is the measured composition of a reference, high purity Pt film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-online-deposit-composition-as-a-function-of-hnf8li3m.png Figure 2: (color online) Deposit composition as a function of post-growth annealing temperature in vacuum (annealing time = 60 min). Inset: SEM image of a deposit acquired after a 600◦C annealing treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-sem-images-of-a-a-nanodot-array-grown-r9ot9yyb.png Figure 1: (color online) SEM images of a (a) nanodot array grown by Pt(PF3)4-mediated EBID using a Gaussian electron beam, and (b) deposit grown using a 5 µm, top-hat beam. (c) X-ray spectra showing the Pt Kα , Pt Mα , Pt Mβ , P Kα and Kβ x-ray lines. https://scispace.com/papers/putative-ammonia-oxidizing-bacteria-and-archaea-in-an-acidic-43d9l7ipbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potential-nitrification-rate-pnr-and-soil-chemical-3h4a8403.png Table 1. Potential nitrification rate (PNR) and soil chemical properties with different land utilization patterns and positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-neighbour-joining-phylogenetic-tree-of-archaeal-amoa-1lfhgcuc.png Fig. 4. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree of archaeal amoA gene from a Chinese red soil. Clones from this study were shown in bold with name AOA followed by letter R or C from the restoration and cropland plots respectively. Number in parentheses after the clone names from this study showed the number of clones from the same sample with similarities above 99% to the listed sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neighbour-joining-phylogenetic-tree-of-bacterial-amoa-q3gnfmjw.png Fig. 2. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree of bacterial amoA gene from a Chinese red soil. Clones from this study were shown in bold with name AOB followed by letter R, C or P from the restoration, cropland and pine plots respectively. Number in parentheses after the clone names from this study showed the number of clones from the same sample with similarities above 99% to the listed sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-neighbour-joining-phylogenetic-tree-of-archaeal-16s-30365jiy.png Fig. 6. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree of archaeal 16S rRNA gene from a Chinese red soil. Clones from this study were shown in bold with name Arc followed by letter R or D from the restoration and degradation plots respectively. Number in parentheses after the clone names from this study showed the number of clones from the same sample with similarities above 99% to the listed sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/putting-a-spotlight-on-daily-humor-behaviors-dimensionality-1qw4yx2g1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-of-the-seven-humor-behavior-dimensions-19ebu6vy.png Table 1 Correlations of the Seven Humor Behavior Dimensions with Personality and Subjective Well-being https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchical-factor-analysis-of-the-varimax-rotated-3diso24s.png Figure 1. Hierarchical factor analysis of the varimax-rotated components derived from the 45 daily humor behaviors scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-of-the-humor-styles-questionnaire-humor-2lrh151v.png Table 2 Correlations of the Humor Styles Questionnaire Humor Behavior Scores with the HSQ Scales https://scispace.com/papers/putting-the-watering-can-away-towards-a-targeted-problem-1b3ldnb0hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-stylized-types-of-cluster-policies-1jftjen9.png Figure 1: Evolution of stylized types of cluster policies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cluster-policy-framework-2m81mnh7.png Table 3: Cluster policy framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-about-moderating-variables-influencing-firm-2cpgesem.png Table 1: Overview about moderating variables influencing firm performance within clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-identification-of-cluster-specific-problems-435eyome.png Table 2: Identification of cluster-specific problems https://scispace.com/papers/pvt-ng-sensor-final-report-2qszmd8mfv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-design-plan-of-the-version-2-of-the-pvt-ng-sensor-9z8ms8rd.png Figure 5. Design plan of the Version 2 of the PVT-NG sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-spectrum-recorded-by-a-2x4x16-nai-detector-1e52gu1u.png Figure 4. The spectrum recorded by a 2×4×16 NaI detector while it was exposed to a 252 Cf source. The three spectra represent neutron-to-gamma conversion produced by sheets of the following materials, which were placed in front of the detector: PVC (black); https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-sectional-view-of-the-pvt-ng-detector-the-2bt0snah.png Figure 1. Cross-sectional view of the PVT-NG detector. The front of the detector is at the top of this drawing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-front-view-of-the-pvt-ng-detector-icuo5d3t.png Figure 2. Front view of the PVT-NG detector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-design-detail-at-the-base-of-the-pvt-ng-sensor-spl1vwk6.png Figure 6. Design detail at the base of the PVT-NG sensor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-increase-in-the-neutron-capture-rate-3h8q6is4.png Figure 3. Relative increase in the neutron capture rate versus thickness of polyethylene placed behind the NEMA enclosure. https://scispace.com/papers/pvtx-measurements-of-mixed-clathrate-hydrates-in-batch-2x5zd12smf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-experimental-set-up-2kn5bo54.png Figure 1. Schematic of experimental set-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-calculation-procedure-of-difference-between-szquqlp9.png Figure 3. The calculation procedure of difference between chemical potential of water in hydrate phase and β phase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-pressure-evolution-during-the-slow-3gwfm4in.png Figure 5. Temperature- pressure evolution during the slow crystallization procedure for ethane-butane mixture. The numbers in the figure correspond to the time of taking samples (from beginning of experiment) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hydrate-volume-for-different-mixtures-for-quick-and-1du2pxcb.png Figure 7. Hydrate volume for different mixtures for quick and slow crystallization procedures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-macroscopic-and-reference-properties-of-hydrates-rrlg3fl1.png Table 4. Macroscopic and reference properties of hydrates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-pressure-change-versus-temperature-during-the-2py65b0r.png Figure 4. The pressure change versus temperature during the quick crystallization process in the case of ethane-butane mixture. The numbers in the figure correspond to the time of taking samples (from beginning of experiment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-gas-solubility-in-liquid-phase-during-the-course-of-2uxjq2g4.png Table 8. Gas solubility in liquid phase during the course of experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-initial-conditions-of-the-experiments-3962na8n.png Table 6. Initial conditions of the experiments https://scispace.com/papers/pycombat-a-python-tool-for-batch-effects-correction-in-high-2taanzpdzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3jz7g3db.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-24c0h65g.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/q-value-of-the-superallowed-decay-of-22-mg-and-the-3xui1a07z5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-measured-mass-values-plotted-as-the-3j4tl2iu.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Measured mass values(plotted as the deviation from the tabulated mass values[11]) for the various isotopes versus time during the run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-time-of-flight-spectrum-obtained-for22mg-a-and-22na-1et2q917.png FIG. 1. A time-of-flight spectrum obtained for22Mg+ (a) and 22Na+ (b). A quadrupole excitation of 800 ms duration was applied in both cases after we first removed the other species and established an orbital radius with a magnetron excitation. Both spectra have a full width at half maximum of,1.1 Hz s5.5 keVd, consistent with the Fourier limit. The curves shown represent the line shapes expected. https://scispace.com/papers/qq-models-joint-modeling-for-quantitative-and-qualitative-ggx5stuwmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-averages-and-standard-errors-of-number-of-false-3mxsieyp.png Table 2: Averages and Standard Errors of Number of False Negatives from 50 Simulation Runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-averages-and-standard-errors-of-rmspes-or-mes-from-dlgy8fc9.png Table 7: Averages and Standard Errors of RMSPEs (or MEs) from 50 Simulation Runs for the https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-averages-and-standard-errors-of-rmspes-or-mes-from-2f0oelwy.png Table 3: Averages and Standard Errors of RMSPEs (or MEs) from 50 Simulation Runs for the https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-averages-and-standard-errors-of-number-of-false-297cao2d.png Table 6: Averages and Standard Errors of Number of False Selections from 50 Simulation Runs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-qq-normal-plots-of-the-residuals-from-the-qq-1oodd5ol.png Figure 1: The QQ normal plots of the residuals from the QQ models for the Lapping Process: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-residual-plots-from-the-qq-models-for-the-1ac4bjxa.png Figure 2: The residual plots from the QQ Models for the Lapping Process: (a) the residual https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-measured-predictor-variables-and-quality-responses-a1kvdmta.png Table 9: Measured Predictor Variables and Quality Responses in the Lapping Process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-averages-and-standard-errors-of-number-of-false-1urn26ak.png Table 4: Averages and Standard Errors of Number of False Selections from 50 Simulation Runs https://scispace.com/papers/quadratic-effects-of-dynamic-decision-making-capability-on-2e086je3x3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-model-results-15cti7yf.png Table 2: Structural Model Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-fit-indicators-correlation-matrix-and-3kbbed22.png Table 1: Model Fit Indicators, Correlation Matrix, and Properties of Measurement scales https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-2g6qrmld.png Figure 1: Conceptual Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-plot-of-the-quadratic-effect-of-export-1mn2vfp3.png Figure 3: Surface Plot of the Quadratic Effect of Export Spontaneity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-plot-of-the-quadratic-effect-of-export-1q09hq9i.png Figure 2: Surface Plot of the Quadratic Effect of Export Planning https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-investigation-of-exercise-perceptions-and-1bz72sf8ac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-semi-structured-a-priori-topic-guide-used-to-guide-3amh7cnf.png Table 2. Semi-structured "a-priori" topic guide used to guide discussions https://scispace.com/papers/quality-compatibility-and-synergy-analyses-of-global-aerosol-2tz2q2rtmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-estimated-aot-over-land-against-wi5vz0jl.png Figure 4. Comparison of estimated AOT over land against monthly AERONET AOT at 0.55µm. AERONET AOT was interpolated using the Ångström exponent. The solid line is the one-to-one line and dashed lines represent the estimated error range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-co-located-avhrr-and-modis-aots-2cj9mupr.png Figure 5. Comparison of co-located AVHRR and MODIS AOTs averaged over each region. Each symbol stands for areal average over some aerosol regimes for individual month. Black solid and dotted lines stand for linear fit curve and one-to-one line, respectively. Note some regions are named referring to the nearby continental locations, but they are all over oceans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-seasonal-maps-of-dominant-aerosol-types-386lxh96.png Figure 1. Global seasonal maps of dominant aerosol types based on a classification algorithm for identification of dominant type(s) of aerosols. Land areas with TOMS AOT greater than 1 and AI greater than 1.25 are colored in light pink to indicate major aerosol sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-scatter-plot-of-aot-from-mp-models-versus-that-2qeccl8e.png Figure 6. (a) Scatter plot of AOT from MP models versus that from BL models. (b) Scatter plot of observed AOT from MODIS and AVHRR (global, March 2000) (c) The same as Figure 6a but refractive index for BL models were replaced by a single fixed value (i.e., m=1.5-0.003i) as used in the MP models, which are referred to as BL’ models. (d) Analogous to Fig. 6a and Fig. 6c except for BL’ versus BL models. Gray solid line is one-to-one line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-global-maps-of-seasonal-mean-aot-at-0-55um-aot-over-3cigqzks.png Figure 2. Global maps of seasonal mean AOT at 0.55µm. AOT over land was estimated from regression equations based on relationships among TOMS AOT and AI and AVHRR AOT. AOT over the ocean is the AVHRR AOT as originally reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scatter-plots-of-angstrom-exponent-versus-aot-left-1fq0mgr0.png Figure 7. Scatter plots of Ångström exponent versus AOT. Left panels are based on MODIS data while the right panels are from AVHRR data for the same period (July, 2000). Gray lines provided in the WC Africa region for MODIS indicate possible signals from dusts co-existing with biomass burning aerosols in this region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plots-of-toms-aot-as-a-function-of-avhrr-1smi99li.png Figure 3. Scatter plots of TOMS AOT as a function of AVHRR AOT for various dominant types of aerosols. Their linear regression lines are marked in panels b-d. In panel a, modeled relationships are given for three dominant aerosol types as used in the TOMS aerosol algorithm: dust (medium-dash line), sulfate (short-dash line), and carbonaceous (long-dash line). https://scispace.com/papers/quality-control-of-maca-containing-lepidium-meyenii-walp-58gke8o8uc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hplc-uv-chromatogram-of-a-maca-extract-210-nm-and-the-aqo9z9uj.png Fig. 1. HPLC-UV chromatogram of a maca extract (210 nm) and the structure of N-benzyl-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienamide (MACA-3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-14-maca-containing-dietary-supplements-afjadtzx.png Table 1. Analysis of 14 maca containing dietary supplements https://scispace.com/papers/quality-management-in-hungarian-higher-education-wkzboodcrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-employers-identified-as-stakeholders-in-n-44-3o5axgma.png Figure 5.7: Employers identified as stakeholders (in %, n=44). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-staff-members-identified-as-stakeholders-in-n-44-1w7lep0h.png Figure 5.8: Staff members identified as stakeholders (in %, n=44). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-6-number-of-study-programmes-in-n-44-18yv25zv.png Figure 10.6: Number of study programmes (in %, n=44). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-operationalisation-of-the-variables-10u7s8el.png Table 8.1: Operationalisation of the variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-relationship-between-dependency-and-pace-b2rfj5jo.png Table 5.2: Relationship between dependency and pace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-3-geographical-dispersion-in-n-44-1mku1r91.png Figure 10.3: Geographical dispersion (in %, n=44). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-relationship-between-disciplinary-balance-and-pace-3eyntsmx.png Table 5.6: Relationship between disciplinary balance and pace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-19-scope-of-implementation-in-n-40-1bma30hp.png Figure 5.19: Scope of implementation (in %, n=40). https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-in-isolated-dystonia-non-motor-3c6fwwf7ll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-data-of-the-study-cohort-1drzf8pa.png Table 1. Clinical data of the study cohort https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-profile-of-methadone-maintenance-treatment-28bu9rsj7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multivariate-linear-regression-model-of-factors-rclp783q.png Table 6: Multivariate linear regression model of factors related to EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS 391 scores 392 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eq-5d-5l-utility-scores-and-eq-vas-scores-by-3bbsxbm9.png Table 3: EQ-5D-5L utility scores and EQ-VAS scores by different characteristics 381 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-respondents-374-15dteq13.png Table 1: Demographic characteristics of respondents 374 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eq-5d-5l-utility-scores-and-eq-vas-scores-by-1lgjckck.png Table 4: EQ-5D-5L utility scores and EQ-VAS scores by different substance uses 384 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-most-frequent-eq-5d-5-l-health-states-with-mean-2o9uypet.png Table 5: Most frequent EQ-5D-5 L health states with mean utility scores and EQVAS 387 scores 388 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profiles-of-eq-5d-5l-by-age-group-378-30s7ct16.png Table 2: Profiles of EQ-5D-5L by age group 378 https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-atomic-force-microscopy-tip-and-sample-4t6sws1kgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fabrication-process-of-active-device-3ppl00na.png Figure 2 The fabrication process of active device. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-basal-friction-for-glide-snow-avalanche-3pezhbuxnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-observed-vegetation-types-on-the-dorfberg-mean-hwg1nfn5.png Table 1.The observed vegetation types on the Dorfberg. Mean vegetation heightv in autumn and winter, slope angleα, slab lengthlg and a photo of a typical example case are added. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-opening-of-glide-cracks-fischmaul-near-davos-the-bljkfufg.png Figure 1. Opening of glide cracks (Fischmaul) near Davos. The left slope released, probably because the slope is steeper than the right part. lg and ls denote the observed slab length and the stauchwall length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-observed-terrain-on-the-dorfberg-mean-slope-nqwhpgr9.png Table 2. The observed terrain on the Dorfberg. Mean slope angleα, slab lengthlg, terrain heightht and a photo of a typical example case are added. Note the high number of smooth terrain cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-different-vegetation-types-were-observed-in-our-onowonhx.png Figure 3. Different vegetation types were observed in our field campaign. The main types were long grass, short grass, low dwarf shrubs and strong lignified shrubs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-glide-snow-avalanche-release-length-qsrv3kxm.png Figure 10.Comparison of glide-snow avalanche release length and stauchwall g+ ls from the Dorfberg with model results. The graph shows slope angle against slab length of the 67 avalanches with a stauchwall. We divided the data into three roughness categories: smooth terrain+ long grass, smooth terrain+ short grass or shrubs and stepped or rocky terrain+ shrubs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-three-dimensional-plot-showing-combinations-of-1hao0tls.png Figure 9. Three-dimensional plot showing combinations of friction µm, slope angleα and slab lengthlm for a critical strain rate ̇ = 0.01s−1. The higher the slope angle, the higher the frictionµm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vegetation-below-the-snow-cover-vegetation-2fs4c4zn.png Figure 4.Vegetation below the snow cover. Vegetation heightshv are lower in winter than in autumn: 10–20 cm for strong lignified shrubs(a), 4 cm for low dwarf shrubs(b), 3 cm for short grass(c) and less than 1 cm for long grass(d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cases-where-a-stauchwall-forms-in-a-the-area-below-8v8uw2s7.png Figure 5. Cases where a stauchwall forms: in(a), the area below the release zone is flatter than the release area. The rougher surface below the release zone fixes snow to the ground(b), and a tree can be an effective obstacle stabilizing the snow cover below the release area(c). https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-methane-losses-from-the-acclimatisation-of-1qi45k6w9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-values-for-key-monitoring-parameters-in-the-3jnjt7xe.png Table 5 Average values for key monitoring parameters in the last 20 days of Phase 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-bsm-2xvnsb1i.png Table 1 Composition of BSM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-design-1ji1tjvg.png Table 2 Experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-properties-of-bsm-feed-1wly4csh.png Table 3 Average properties of BSM feed https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-values-for-key-monitoring-parameters-in-the-3onl07g2.png Table 4 Average values for key monitoring parameters in the last 20 days of Phase 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-h2s-ppmv-h2s-volumetric-cod-so4-180qzcj6.png Figure 5 H2S ppmv, H2S volumetric, COD/ SO4. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-nanoparticle-endocytosis-based-on-double-2yexc4tl1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3im2kwpn.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-15b7jrxu.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-10mn07f0.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2h5f2g0k.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2p08tqc0.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3w46t0la.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-particle-characteristics-at-100ug-ml-1cj5hvij.png Table 1 Summary of particle characteristics at 100µg/ml. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physico-chemical-features-of-the-particles-used-in-2c5noukf.png Table 2 Physico-chemical features of the particles used in the present study (Pdi = Polydispersity index). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-and-reducing-uncertainties-in-estimated-soil-co2-4i4kxy0hxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-posterior-estimates-medians-for-26hk5r6n.png Figure 5. Comparison of the posterior estimates (medians) for the pairwise treatment contrasts (Δ; see equation (16)) between the four models described in Figure 1 (BL, HBL, BD, and HBD). The quadrats shaded in gray indicate the conflicting results generated by the two models being compared (e.g., model x predicts that f is higher for treatment k relative to k′, whereas model y predicts the opposite). The white (unshaded) quadrats indicate the general agreement among the two models, and points that fall along the diagonal 1:1 line indicate perfect agreement between the models, with respect to the posterior median. The BL model only yielded three Δ values that were significantly different from zero (i.e., 95% credible intervals [CIs] for a particular Δ did not contain zero), whereas the HBL, BD, and HBD models yielded 17, 17, and 18 significant Δ values, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-e-predicted-posteriormediansand95-cis-treatment-mut0pite.png Figure 4. (a–e) Predicted (posteriormediansand95%CIs) treatment-level surface soil CO2fluxes (ef in equations (10) and (12)) for a subsetof treatments, for eachof thefivegrowing seasons forwhich chamberdatawere collected. The treatments shown are ambient CO2 and temperature (ct), elevated CO2 and warming (CT), and ambient CO2 and temperature with vegetation removed (ct-veg). Predictions were generated by the hierarchical Bayesian nonsteady state diffusion (HBD) model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-comparison-of-the-predicted-session-level-1bgurdt8.png Figure 3. (a–c) Comparison of the predicted session-level, surface soil CO2 fluxes (f) obtained from the four models described in Figure 1 (BL, HBL, BD, and HBD). The points depict the posterior medians for each model, and the horizontal and vertical gray error bars denote the 95% CIs for the y and xmodels, respectively. The thin blue lines indicate the best fit line; the thick diagonal red line denotes the 1:1 line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-versus-predicted-chamber-co2-for-the-a-2porhdmj.png Figure 1. Observed versus predicted chamber [CO2] for the (a) nonhierarchical Bayesian linear (BL) model; (b) nonhierarchical Bayesian, nonsteady state diffusion (BD) model; (c) hierarchical Bayesian linear (HBL) model; and (d) hierarchical Bayesian nonsteady state diffusion (HBD) model. The best fit line is indicated by the thin blue diagonal line; the 1:1 line is indicated by the thick red diagonal line. Each point represents an individual observation (N = 12,240). The predicted [CO2] values are the posterior medians (symbols) and 95% credible intervals (CIs; gray error bars) for each replicated data point. For the nonhierarchical models (BL and BD), the narrowest 50% of the CIs are indicated by dark gray, and the widest 50% are indicated by light gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-chamber-sessions-for-a-e-25-april-2011-for-3buy6mp8.png Figure 6. Example chamber sessions for (a–e) 25 April 2011, for the control (ct) treatment (ambient CO2 and temperature), and (f–j) 18 June 2009, for the ambient CO2 and warming (cT) treatment. Observed and predicted (posterior medians and 95% CIs) for chamber [CO2] values are shown for each of the five replicate plots for each date, based on the BL, HBL, and HBDmodels (see Figure 1 for a description of themodels); results for the BDmodel are not shown for clarity of presentation and given its poor fit (Figure 1b). These results demonstrate the utility of the hierarchical approach for yielding more realistic estimates of the soil surface flux (f) for chamber sessions associated with poor data (Figure 6e); for this session, the BL model predicted a negative flux, while the HBL and HBD models predicted positive fluxes that are consistent with the other sessions on that day. On dates the yielded “good” sessions for all five replicates (e.g., Figures 6f–6j), the BL, HBL, and HBD models produced similar predictions, but BL and HBL tend to slightly overestimate the initial [CO2]. The symbols and corresponding CIs are systematically jittered to increase visibility; some CIs are very narrow and are hidden behind their corresponding symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-distribution-of-the-95-ci-widths-for-1ohbyqii.png Figure 2. Cumulative distribution of the 95% CI widths for each (a) observation level replicated chamber [CO2] data point (N = 12,240) and (b) session-level estimated soil surface CO2 flux (N = 3139). The CI widths are computed at the 97.5th percentile minus the 2.5th percentile based on the corresponding posterior distributions. See Figure 1 for a description of the models (BL, HBL, BD, and HBD). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-relationships-between-bird-and-butterfly-da0a6rs6yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-daily-precipitation-in-the-study-area-from-1985-to-29wgs1k6.png FIG. 1. Daily precipitation in the study area from 1985 to 2003 (means 6 SE). Note the general drying trend from 1996 to 2001 (R2 5 0.64, P , 0.001). We used three weather stations (Stations 240775, Big Sky; Station 485345, Lake Yellowstone; and Station 486440, Moran 5WNW) to represent the extent of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, study region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nonmetric-multidimensional-scaling-nmds-ordination-of-3bwh818s.png FIG. 6. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of Gallatin butterflies, 1997–2001, with site-year points de-emphasized to show differences in centroids of survey years. The largest year separation (R2 5 0.06, P 5 0.064) is between 1997 and 2000, which became the pairwise comparison for the rest of our analyses relating temporal community change to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-discriminant-analysis-performance-curves-comparing-the-1uckgfvb.png FIG. 4. Discriminant analysis performance curves comparing the Gallatins and Tetons using species compositions of butterflies to discriminate among meadow types (M types). As more discriminating variables (butterfly species) were added to the model (in stepwise fashion), more site-years were correctly classified to known M type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nonmetric-multidimensional-scaling-nmds-plot-of-2u6wan29.png FIG. 7. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of Gallatin butterfly site-years for only 1997 and 2000 fitted with a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and year vector. Different arrow types point from 1997 to 2000, and the fitted year vector summarizes the individual site-year shifts. The wet meadows (M1, M2, and M3) appear to have a concurrent shift in the same direction, while the dry meadows (M5 and M6) appear randomly oriented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bird-and-butterfly-hydrological-affinities-for-the-2v42wk1t.png TABLE 1. Bird and butterfly hydrological affinities for the Gallatin and Teton regions of the greater Yellowstone Ecosystem based on relative abundance in different meadow types from 1997 to 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-10-discriminating-bird-and-butterfly-species-in-1htolzd1.png TABLE 2. Top 10 discriminating bird and butterfly species in the Gallatins and Tetons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-nonmetric-multidimensional-scaling-nmds-ordination-1ieurlgz.png FIG. 8. (A) Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination plot of Gallatin butterfly site-years for only 1997 and 2000 and only wet meadows (M1, M2, and M3). Arrows point from 1997 to 2000, and the fitted year vector (summarizing the individual site-year shifts) is pointing opposite that of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), indicating a nearly perfect negative correlation (r ø21.00). (B) The same procedure showing the addition of a single dry meadow type (M5), which has a distinctly different NDVI than the wet meadows (see Table 3). The new NDVI vector is thus dominated by the M type differences, and correlation between year and NDVI becomes nearly orthogonal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-for-teton-butterflies-1997-2001-100-site-years-were-2vujszbq.png FIG. 5. For Teton butterflies, 1997–2001, 100 site-years were plotted using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The siteyears were coded by meadow type (M type; indicated by different symbol types), whose mean scores are labeled centroids (categorical variable) by the function ‘‘envfit’’ in the VEGAN library used in the R-project statistical package (R Development Core Team 2004). A second categorical overlay of year is represented by the ‘‘1’’ symbols rather than labels that would been indistinguishable due to their lack of separation. The third overlay is the continuous normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) variable pointing in the direction of increasing NDVI values at each site-year. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-contribution-of-riparian-soils-to-the-474vh6f5zz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-inputs-and-sources-for-the-computational-gis-17dfr1rd.png Table 2 Data inputs and sources for the computational GIS tool. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-riparian-soil-characteristics-and-their-oxk0ta0q.png Table 1 Summary of riparian soil characteristics and their associated provision of ecosystem services. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-maximum-adsorption-values-smax-binding-energy-3mmxllim.png Table 4 Maximum adsorption values (Smax), binding energy constant (k) and correlation coefficients (R2) as estimated by Langmuir isotherm with respect to distance from the river. Data are mean values (n = 5) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-soil-physicochemical-characteristics-for-the-25eij7jo.png Table 3 Main soil physicochemical characteristics for the five different habitat types. Sampling depth and distance from the river were amalgamated together as there was no significant differences from the result of a factorial analysis with habitat, depth and distance as the main factors (see Tables S1-S5). Data are mean values (n = 10) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-risks-to-data-assets-using-formal-metrics-in-22mp97kga0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-formalised-system-model-for-the-10gm2zyb.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the formalised system model for the metering device https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stakeholder-costs-expressed-for-measurements-1vrjg3dv.png Table 2. Stakeholder costs expressed for measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cl-and-il-in-the-initial-design-and-after-mitigation-37kbh7vn.png Fig. 3. CL and IL in the initial design and after mitigation by modification https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-used-notation-1hdpwbeg.png Table 1. Summary of the used notation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-attacks-against-measurements-vger7l6j.png Fig. 2. Two attacks against measurements https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-laffer-curve-on-the-continued-activity-tax-4f1ifc1oig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lifetime-wages-1zf1r3xw.png TABLE 5 LIFETIME WAGES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2a571xiv.png FIGURE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-penalties-for-mcsne-and-mcse-12o267qw.png TABLE 16 PENALTIES FOR MCSNE AND MCSE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3rltkyiv.png FIGURE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-8ynbrb3w.png FIGURE 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mortality-risk-at-60-2sd35tx3.png TABLE 4 MORTALITY RISK AT 60 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-of-end-of-school-education-2t411g1z.png TABLE 3 AGE OF END OF SCHOOL EDUCATION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rs4jpk89.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-lagged-poincare-plot-geometry-of-ultrashort-2h8ahmhu1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-for-lpp-descriptors-extracted-from-35-s-2yp2sz1o.png Table 1 Values of % for LPP descriptors extracted from 35-s windows with respect to those extracted from 1 h, among the 1200 synthetic series https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-boxplots-of-arousal-left-column-and-valence-right-a78o41nb.png Fig. 5 Boxplots of arousal (left column) and valence (right column) values correspondent to the two smells for the three datasets. Whole subjects (a, b), male subjects (c, d,) and female subjects (e, f) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-ellipse-fitting-approach-to-quantify-the-5nzjbmnf.png Fig. 1 Scheme of the ellipse-fitting approach to quantify the LPP shape https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wilcoxon-statistical-tests-between-the-values-of-e6e6so2t.png Table 2 Wilcoxon statistical tests between the values of features during pleasant (Od1) and unpleasant (Od2) olfactory stimulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-best-results-obtained-for-the-classification-of-od1-neuo7afm.png Table 4 Best results obtained for the classification of Od1 and Od2 through SVM, for the three groups in the study (all subjects, all men, and all women) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pattern-recognition-results-obtained-using-different-t4z7t51u.png Table 5 Pattern recognition results obtained using different feature subsets for odorant discrimination https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-of-the-new-approach-to-quantify-the-lpp-shape-19rtz3fr.png Fig. 2 Scheme of the new approach to quantify the LPP shape. Cd(Cdx, Cdy) indicates the centroid (in blue) and dPn is the distance between one point, Pn, and the centroid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-boxplots-of-rr-mean-the-only-statistically-significant-ag0y5x09.png Fig. 8 Boxplots of RR mean, the only statistically significant parameter, for the group of women. Values refer to the differences post−pre for the two different odorants Od1 and Od2 https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-analysis-of-the-agreement-between-scalar-finite-2dgozfqlsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-geometry-of-one-threesome-of-points-and-the-8msns49n.png Figure 3. Typical geometry of one threesome of points and the associated circumference: (a) over one wavefront of the incident field in the ROR for the characterization of the position of the virtual source F and the analytical approximation to the incident field, (b) over the rim of the hole in the reference image for the characterization of the position and dimensions of the hole. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-notation-for-the-comparison-between-real-scalar-1bdoiynz.png Table 3. Notation for the comparison between real scalar fields corresponding to the evaluation of the characterization error (F1) the net error between theory and experiment (F2), the repeatibility error (F3) and total error (F4): problem field (C1), reference field (C2), RMS value of the reference field (C3), local error in or RMS absolute error in R (C4) and RMS relative error (C5). When there is no ambiguity about what are the reference and problem fields or about whether the error is local at point or global in region R we can use a simplified notation suppressing also the arguments ψ,ψ , or R . https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-characteristic-parameters-for-the-quasi-rayleigh-p4bg1fn6.png Table 5 Characteristic parameters for the quasi-Rayleigh wave trains in the test plate with a through-thickness hole T with 2 12 mm. is the nominal value specified for the excitation pulser, c was measured by pulse-echo technique using Aluminum plates of the same material that the test plates but with thickness 30 mm, a results from the least squares procedure described in section 3.2 and , , where determined over the reference image in pixels and transformed to millimeters using the spatial resolution Δ and Δ obtained from the calibration image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scheme-of-the-computational-domain-employed-to-3tg3nnyl.png Figure 4. Scheme of the computational domain employed to solve the direct scattering problem in harmonic regime with FEM, showing the relative position of the virtual source F, the wedge and the ROI with the reference system. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-calorimetric-analysis-of-the-fretting-damage-57xkm4jwnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-fretting-testing-device-and-b-2jok3yoc.png Figure 1: (a) Schematic of the fretting testing device and (b) illustration of the Infrared camera facing the contact. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-conditions-r-cylinder-radias-and-pmax-287mfdyn.png Table 3: Experimental conditions: R cylinder radias and pmax Hertzian maximum contact pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fields-of-a-thermoelastic-amplitude-and-b-mean-2ksdyr9r.png Figure 7: Fields of (a) thermoelastic amplitude and (b) mean dissipation per cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-schamatic-illustrating-a-test-in-block-of-cycles-3mjmzq73.png Figure 16: Schamatic illustrating a test in block of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-local-maxima-of-the-mean-dissipation-as-function-32vbgpdb.png Figure 17: Local maxima of the mean dissipation as function of the maximal shear stress amplitudes, qmax, for each block of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-fretting-cycle-b-related-shear-q-x-and-pressure-p-v2tx5wm5.png Figure 2: (a) Fretting cycle, (b) related shear, q(x), and pressure, p(x), distributions for a cylinder on flat contact configuration for Q = Q* [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-local-maxima-of-the-mean-dissipation-as-function-2oef2500.png Figure 18: Local maxima of the mean dissipation as function of the maximal shear stress amplitudes, qmax, for different contact configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-fields-a-experimental-and-b-fitted-for-1u2vlfod.png Figure 6: Temperature fields: (a) experimental and (b) fitted for a contact condition of R = 80 mm, pmax = 1000 MPa, qmax = 603 MPa, am = 4 mm and cm = 2.8 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-determination-of-temperature-in-the-approach-to-5d913nvoow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-error-budget-of-the-entropy-determination-the-table-1ikcp2p4.png TABLE I. Error budget of the entropy determination. The table lists the sensitivity of the fit @sfit=@ð Þ to the changes in the system’s parameters scaled by their systematic errors ð Þ. For a positive contribution an increase in the parameter would lead to an increase in the apparent entropy. The contributions are added in quadrature to the fit error estimate 2s ¼ 2ð@2 2=@s2Þ 1 to obtain the total uncertainty of the entropy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-properties-of-experimental-regimes-and-2p2ma6ys.png FIG. 2 (color online). Properties of experimental regimes and validity of theoretical methods. Panels (a)–(c) show the central density n0, central compressibility 0, and temperature T reached in the corresponding Hubbard model as a function of characteristic filling for the parameters of Fig. 1. Panel (d): Agreement between high-temperature series (HTS, second order dotted line, sixth order dash-dotted line, tenth order dashed line) and DMFT (solid line) for U=6t ¼ 2:5 and ¼ 16:5 as a function of temperature in the lattice T=6t. For low temperatures T & t the series starts to diverge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-double-occupancy-experiment-versus-theory-ro3dk4x1.png FIG. 1 (color online). Double occupancy: experiment versus theory. Points and error bars are the mean and standard deviation of at least three experimental runs. The solid curve in each panel is the best fit of the second order high-temperature series to the experimental data and yields specific entropies of s ¼ 2:2ð2Þ, 2.0(5), 1.9(4), 1.6(4) for the different interactions strengths of U=6t ¼ 1:4ð2Þ, 2.4(4), 3.2(5), 4.1(7). Curves for s ¼ 1:3 (dashed curve) and 2.5 (dotted curve) represent the interval of specific entropy measured before and after the ramping of the lattice. We use kB ¼ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-density-and-entropy-distribution-in-the-1ejgd9g7.png FIG. 3 (color online). Density and entropy distribution in the trap. For the interaction strengths and entropies of Fig. 1 the density ni (upward) and entropy si (downward) per site i at a characteristic filling of ¼ 15 in a spherically symmetric system are shown. The buffering effect of the low-density shell around the Mott insulating core becomes clearly visible for U=6t ¼ 4:1. There, the entropy reaches values of about twice the critical entropy of the Heisenberg model sH ln2=2. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-effects-of-vehicle-parameters-on-fuel-2yuzvfqwzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-fe-contour-map-for-a-regional-delivery-truck-on-1tk4ui4i.png Figure 16. FE contour map for a regional delivery truck on various coefficients of aerodynamic drag and truck weight over CILCC mode (coefficient of rolling resistance μ = 0.0085). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fe-contour-map-for-a-regional-delivery-truck-on-3vt8t4ko.png Figure 11. FE contour map for a regional delivery truck on various coefficients of rolling resistance and truck weights over HHDDT mode (coefficient of aerodynamic drag Cd = 0.7963 and frontal area A = 9.5 m 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-fe-contour-map-for-a-regional-delivery-truck-on-2qyaye73.png Figure 14. FE contour map for a regional delivery truck on various coefficients of aerodynamic drag and truck weight over HHDDT mode (coefficient of rolling resistance μ = 0.0085). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fe-contour-map-for-a-regional-delivery-truck-on-3ttp89jj.png Figure 12. FE contour map for a regional delivery truck on various coefficients of rolling resistance and truck weight over WVU City (coefficient of aerodynamic drag Cd = 0.7963 and frontal area A = 9.5 m 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fe-contour-map-for-a-regional-delivery-truck-on-3lbagdar.png Figure 13. FE contour map for a regional delivery truck on various coefficients of rolling resistance and truck weight over CILCC (coefficient of aerodynamic drag Cd = 0.7963 and frontal area A = 9.5 m 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-fe-contour-map-for-a-regional-delivery-truck-on-976knqm2.png Figure 15. FE contour map for a regional delivery truck on various coefficients of aerodynamic drag and truck weight over WVU City mode (coefficient of rolling resistance μ = 0.0085) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specifications-of-the-regional-delivery-truck-2e20vdnr.png Table 1. Specifications of the Regional Delivery Truck https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regional-delivery-truck-photo-was-taken-by-refuel-qefpqu76.png Figure 4. Regional delivery truck (Photo was taken by ReFuel). https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-evaluation-of-dental-bio-aerosols-using-xhq4sfsucl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ubuya98v.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-292i8vqs.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2nix7d8r.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-10d46lju.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2hqk2xdj.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2r80hne6.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3ii94bbn.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-cognitive-triad-semantic-geometry-of-context-4f977h9a6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-existing-experimental-data-on-the-two-stage-gambling-26gqkb1u.png Table 1: Existing experimental data on the two-stage gambling task. The first three columns show measured statistical probabilities to play the game in three contexts in which the previous round is won, lost or unknown with 50/50 chance. Experiments 1-4: ref. [Tversky et al., 1992]; 5-8: ref. [Kuhberger et al., 2001]; 9-11: ref. [Lambdin and Burdsal, 2007]; 12: ref. [Surov et al., 2019]; 13-32: ref. [Broekaert et al., 2020]. In the latter group, experiments 13-17 correspond to the between subjects setup; 18-22: within subjects setup with random order of contexts; 23-27: within subjects setup with «Known»→«Unknown» order of contexts; 28-32: within subjects setup with «Unknown»→«Known» order of contexts. In each of the pentads 13-17, 18-22, 23-27, 28-32 experiments are arranged by increasing payoff parameter {0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cognitive-representations-psa-psb-and-psc-of-three-3el21twi.png Figure 3: Cognitive representations |Ψa〉, |Ψb〉 and |Ψc〉 of three contexts a (green), b (red) and c (blue) producing decision probabilities pa[1], pb[1] and pc[1] indicated on top, projected to the azimuthal plane of the Bloch sphere. Direction of the projected vector is an azimuthal phase of the corresponding state (Figure 1). (a): solution of type (18). (b): solution of type (19). Indicated value of the combination phase x (12) is the same in both solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/quantization-conditions-and-functional-equations-in-abj-m-6l0oy76jda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-standard-airy-contour-c-used-to-compute-the-rnij0pga.png Figure 1: The standard Airy contour C used to compute the canonical partition function from the modified grand potential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-first-two-energy-levels-for-k-5-m-2-calculated-3m3jf19g.png Table 4: The first two energy levels for k = 5,M = 2 calculated analytically from (3.19). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-difference-k-0-m-3-31-as-a-function-of-m-the-3v4ab99m.png Figure 3: The difference ∆ (k) 0 (m) (3.31) as a function of m, the number of instantons included in the computation. The line on the bottom (in blue) gives ∆ (3) 0 (m), while the line on the top (in red) gives ∆ (5) 0 (m). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-first-two-energy-levels-for-k-3-m-1-calculated-1ioyg050.png Table 3: The first two energy levels for k = 3,M = 1 calculated analytically from (3.19). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-first-two-energy-levels-for-k-3-and-m-0-1agl6hk2.png Table 1: The first two energy levels for k = 3 and M = 0 calculated analytically from (3.19). In the last line numerical values evaluated by the method in appendix C are given. At each order of the approximation, we underline the digits which agree with the numerical result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-first-two-energy-levels-for-k-5-6-and-m-0-36tnj2ek.png Table 2: The first two energy levels for k = 5, 6 and M = 0 calculated analytically from (3.19). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-region-of-phase-space-3-1-for-abjm-theory-at-33mwd51n.png Figure 2: The region of phase space (3.1) for ABJM theory, at large energy. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-dot-coupled-to-a-normal-and-a-superconducting-lead-2fqxoxzv7w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-simplified-schematics-of-a-quantum-dot-coupled-to-36z0k96f.png Figure 4. (a) Simplified schematics of a quantum dot coupled to a normal and a superconducting lead in the Kondo regime. (b) Solid curve: superconducting conductance of ridge ‘A’ versus source–drain voltage at 90 mK normalized by the normal state conductance. Dashed curve: simulation with the parameters given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-linear-response-conduction-of-ridge-a-for-p20h9tm9.png Figure 3. (a) Linear response conduction of ridge ‘A’ for different temperatures in the normal state (B = 25 mT). Labels indicate the temperature in millikelvin. (b) Like (a), but in the superconducting state (B = 0 mT). (c) Scaling plot of the maximum Kondo conductance for ridges ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the normal and ridge ‘B’ in the superconducting state. The inset shows the temperature dependence of the conductance at the centre of ridge ‘A’ in the normal (upper data) and superconducting (lower data) state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-greyscale-representation-of-the-normal-state-1jg2h5u4.png Figure 2. (a) Greyscale representation of the normal state conductance at 90 mK and B = 25 mT (dark = more conductive). The white curve on the left (right) shows the differential conductance versus the applied source–drain voltage at the position of the left (right) arrow. The two Kondo ridges are labelled ‘A’ and ‘B’. (b) Greyscale representation of the conductance in the superconducting state at 90 mK and B = 0 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematics-of-the-device-b-sem-micrograph-of-the-1jeov2oc.png Figure 1. (a) Schematics of the device. (b) SEM micrograph of the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-dot-coupled-to-a-normal-and-a-superconducting-lead-3cqq83g3dc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-simplified-schematics-of-a-quantum-dot-coupled-to-uw4w705a.png Figure 4. (a) Simplified schematics of a quantum dot coupled to a normal and a superconducting lead in the Kondo regime. (b) Solid curve: superconducting conductance of ridge ‘A’ versus source–drain voltage at 90 mK normalized by the normal state conductance. Dashed curve: simulation with the parameters given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-linear-response-conduction-of-ridge-a-for-bylimuzq.png Figure 3. (a) Linear response conduction of ridge ‘A’ for different temperatures in the normal state (B = 25 mT). Labels indicate the temperature in millikelvin. (b) Like (a), but in the superconducting state (B = 0 mT). (c) Scaling plot of the maximum Kondo conductance for ridges ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the normal and ridge ‘B’ in the superconducting state. The inset shows the temperature dependence of the conductance at the centre of ridge ‘A’ in the normal (upper data) and superconducting (lower data) state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-greyscale-representation-of-the-normal-state-2zymwop6.png Figure 2. (a) Greyscale representation of the normal state conductance at 90 mK and B = 25 mT (dark = more conductive). The white curve on the left (right) shows the differential conductance versus the applied source–drain voltage at the position of the left (right) arrow. The two Kondo ridges are labelled ‘A’ and ‘B’. (b) Greyscale representation of the conductance in the superconducting state at 90 mK and B = 0 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematics-of-the-device-b-sem-micrograph-of-the-f13bfv3h.png Figure 1. (a) Schematics of the device. (b) SEM micrograph of the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-hyper-cphase-gates-with-polarisation-and-orbital-173awlcy22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-some-degrees-of-freedom-of-a-photonic-qubit-along-2tbg0ygb.png TABLE I: Some degrees of Freedom of a photonic qubit, along with associated characteristic DOF-BS or sorter and universality of gates for the realisation of arbitrary Hyper-conditional gates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-for-an-arbitrary-hyper-conditional-gate-here-we-zxr5tjme.png FIG. 2: Scheme for an arbitrary Hyper-Conditional Gate. Here we have two degrees of freedom: DOF1 and DOF2, with the first as control and second as target. DOF1BSi represents the ith beamsplitter that discriminates states based on the states of the first degree of freedom. DOF2U is the operation being performed on the second qubit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-apparatus-for-the-realisation-of-a-hyper-cphase-over-360oqdjo.png FIG. 1: Apparatus for the realisation of a Hyper-CPHASE over polarisation and orbital angular degrees of freedom. Here PBS - polarising beam splitter, DP - Dove Prism, BS - Beam Splitter. Applying beam splitter operation to the light beam, the photonic quantum state evolves through the two arms of the OAM-flip interferometer with a phase of π2 . Here, DP2 is rotated by an angle π 2 to implement the logic Z-gate. One of the mirrors in the OAM-flip interferometer module is piezeo-controlled to allow for fine-adjustments https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-phase-slips-in-superconducting-nanowires-3lzhtyae9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-solid-lines-are-the-data-showing-the-measured-3dlp0c6e.png FIG. 2. The solid lines are the data showing the measured resistance per unit length vs normalized temperatures. The dotted lines are curves calculated using Eq. (3) and sample parameters. The two free parameters used are a 1.3 and B 7.2 for the whole family of the curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-resistances-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-eight-36sr40yd.png FIG. 1. Resistances as a function of temperature for eight different samples. The samples’ normal state resistances and lengths are 1: 14.8 kV, 135 nm; 2: 10.7 kV, 135 nm; 3: 47 kV, 745 nm; 4: 17.3 kV, 310 nm; 5: 32 kV, 730 nm; 6: 40 kV, 1050 nm; 7: 10 kV, 310 nm; 8: 4.5 kV, 165 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-resistance-at-1-5-k-normalized-to-normal-state-ma3fto2h.png FIG. 3. Resistance at 1.5 K normalized to normal state resistance as a function of L RN . (a) Linear plot. The dotted line is a guide to the eye. (b) Semilog plot with an exponential fit. Slope of the fitted line is 0.39 kV nm, compared with 0.54 kV in (5). https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-plasmonics-for-next-generation-optical-and-sensing-55b5la0i9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plasma-diagram-in-the-t-n-plane-1le2s5im.png Figure 1. Plasma diagram in the T-N plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-absorption-efficiency-of-silver-nanoparticles-1qhv8kyz.png Figure 3. a) The absorption efficiency of silver nanoparticles obtained by NLQ model at the first energy level based on the solution of infinite quantum well; in inset compared to experimental data [5] (the black points corresponding to surface plasmon resonance and grey points corresponding to bulk plasmon resonance); the grey lines corresponding to bulk plasmon resonance; and classical plasmon resonance theory, obtained from classical Drude model (1), is given by the dashed lines. b) The schematic of non-local radial EWF at low-nanometer diameter (the black ring represents the diameter of quantum well, D). c) The spectrum energy of surface plasmons (and the energy of EWF in inset) at the first energy level based on the solution of both infinite and finite quantum well. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-bulk-silver-mrhu57kn.png Figure 2. Real and imaginary parts of bulk silver permittivity with 5.57 eVFE , 9.01 eVpE , and 16 meVE at https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-nqp-with-previous-theories-in-quantum-51ibbcpx.png Table 1. Comparison of NQP with previous theories in quantum effects on surface plasmon resonance in nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-structure-and-rotational-dynamics-of-hcn-in-helium-3q53m0bsbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-fixed-node-excitation-energyde5e-e-2e-3cx5csts.png FIG. 4. Evolution of the fixed node excitation energyDE5E(e)2E(0) with the number of helium atomsn ~open circles!. The space fixed trial noda surfacesCnode https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-poitse-excitation-spectrum-for-the-hcn-he-dimer-196wbriz.png FIG. 5. POITSE excitation spectrum for the HCN–He dimer, obtained us cos(b) as a projector. Vertical lines correspond to the collocation res from Ref. 14 forJ50 ~dotted line! andJ51 ~dashed lines!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-for-the-anisotropic-and-radial-trial-37ndqyzj.png TABLE I. Parameters used for the anisotropic and radial trial wave functions, Eqs.~21! and ~25!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ground-and-rotationally-excited-energy-levels-for-2j5l6mpg.png TABLE III. Ground and rotationally excited energy levels for HCN–He, reported in cm21. The level assignments are the zeroth order level assignmentsujlJ& originally made in Ref. 36 and followed by Ref. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-poitse-excitation-spectra-for-hcn-hen-obtained-using-3rocq36z.png FIG. 6. POITSE excitation spectra for HCN Hen , obtained using cos(b) as a projector. The vertical line corresponds to twice the experimentally m sured rotational constant for HCN (v50) in large helium clusters~Ref. 4! 2B52.40 cm21. ~a! Spectra forn51 – 15, showing two peaks.~b! Magnification of the first peak forn51 – 15.~c! Spectrum forn525, showing only a single peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effective-rotational-constantb-extracted-from-the-3icm5dd5.png FIG. 7. Effective rotational constantB extracted from the first, low energy POITSE peak for eachn in Fig. 6. The experimental rotational constants f n51 ~diamond, Ref. 36! and for n.3000 ~dashed line, Ref. 4! are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-dimensional-representation-of-the-ground-state-29b4ykgl.png FIG. 2. Two-dimensional representation of the ground state wave func C of the HCN–Hen51 dimer.C was computed with unbiased DMC her The rotation of the HCN molecule is included in~a!, whereas~b! corresponds to a nonrotating~but translating! HCN molecule. The origin is set a the molecular center of mass. The HCN molecule is oriented asN–C–H, the H atom being at positivez. All distances are in atomic units. The norma ization of the amplitude is arbitrary but identical in both figures. https://scispace.com/papers/quarks-and-a-unified-theory-of-nature-fundamental-forces-1otz1rbrn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-5-pictorial-representation-of-models-a-b-and-c-3c14difq.png Fig. 1.5. Pictorial representation of models A, B and C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-a-minimal-standard-model-embedding-on-d-branes-29lni2n0.png Fig. 1.3. A minimal Standard Model embedding on D-branes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-in-the-type-i-string-framework-our-universe-contains-s15n39se.png Fig. 1.1. In the type I string framework, our Universe contains, besides the three known spatial dimensions (denoted by a single blue line), some extra dimensions (d‖ = p − 3) parallel to our world p-brane (green plane) where endpoints of open strings are confined, as well as some transverse dimensions (yellow space) where only gravity described by closed strings can propagate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-4-the-experimental-value-of-sin2-thw-thick-curve-and-2qd85qkf.png Fig. 1.4. The experimental value of sin2 θW (thick curve), and the theoretical predictions (1.8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-torsion-pendulum-that-tested-newtons-law-at-55-um-putn3rmb.png Fig. 1.2. Torsion pendulum that tested Newton’s law at 55 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/quark-structure-and-nuclear-effective-forces-332i1m3naw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-qmc-predictions-compared-with-the-skyrme-force-38v8la3k.png TABLE I. QMC predictions compared with the Skyrme force. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-exact-bdd-minimization-using-relaxed-best-first-search-2qqkbldxuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trading-off-run-time-for-solution-quality-with-34bx9vf9.png Figure 3. Trading off run time for solution quality with Approx. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-approx-for-different-degrees-of-woqblpyn.png Table 1. Results of Approx for different degrees of relaxations https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-neutral-particle-simulation-model-with-application-to-44gd2zxc6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-spectrum-for-the-ion-fluctuations-in-a-rgacwnrj.png Fig. 4. Frequency spectrum for the ion· fluctuations· in a https://scispace.com/papers/quelle-marge-de-manoeuvre-faut-il-laisser-aux-utilisateurs-d-21e5ghn172 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ecran-de-consignes-epreuve-ii-figure-3-ecran-de-2tbobtwp.png Figure 2 : Écran de consignes - épreuve II Figure 3 : Écran de consignes - épreuve III https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boucle-animee-de-la-vanne-modelisee-epreuve-iii-80u0jjl6.png Figure 1 : Boucle animée de la vanne modélisée - épreuve III. https://scispace.com/papers/quasinormal-modes-of-black-holes-and-black-branes-3f4tq2403g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-smbh-binary-rates-events-year-predicted-by-different-1ozpgk1b.png Table 4. SMBH binary rates (events/year) predicted by different models (adapted and updated from Ref. [567]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-different-physical-processes-leading-to-3jq3uvyq.png Figure 1. Four different physical processes leading to substantial quasinormal ringing (see text for details). With the exception of the infalling-particle case (where M is the BH mass, µ the particle’s mass and ψ2 the Zerilli wavefunction), ψ22 is the l = m = 2 multipolar component of the Weyl scalar Ψ4, M denotes the total mass of the system and r the extraction radius (see e.g. Ref. [44]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-quasinormal-spectrum-of-black-three-brane-np87h4b0.png Figure 14. Quasinormal spectrum of black three-brane gravitational fluctuations in the “shear” (left) and “sound” (right) channels, shown in the plane of complex frequency w = ω/2πT , for fixed spatial momentum q = q/2πT = 1. Hydrodynamic frequencies are marked with hollow red dots (adapted from [109]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-dimensionless-hawking-temperature-tl-as-a-2v7k6bkn.png Figure 11. The (dimensionless) Hawking temperature TL as a function of the (dimensionless) horizon radius r+/L for asymptotically AdS BHs (shown here for d = 5). The horizontal line is the critical temperature of the Hawking-Page phase transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-zeeman-like-splitting-of-the-fundamental-39w4njpb.png Figure 8. Left: “Zeeman–like” splitting of the fundamental gravitational mode with l = 2. We mark by dots the points corresponding to a/M = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, . . . 1.0. Right: trajectory of the first eight Kerr QNM frequencies with m = 2 (solid lines) and m = −2 (dashed lines). Filled circles mark the corresponding mode in the Schwarzschild limit. An arrow indicates the small loop described by the “exceptional” QNM with n = 6, that does not tend to the critical frequency for superradiance (see also Figs. 3-4 in [230]). The data used to produce this figure (and more) are available online [47]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-errors-for-the-real-left-and-imaginary-3le3hayh.png Figure 3. Percentage errors for the real (left) and imaginary part (right) of the QNM frequencies as predicted from WKB calculations. Thick lines: third-order WKB approximation; thin lines: sixth-order WKB approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-left-potential-for-scalar-field-propagation-of-l-0-2e7bfe2q.png Figure 13. Left: Potential for scalar field propagation of l = 0 modes in a SAdS background, for different values of the BH size r+/L. A local maximum (and a potential well) only exist for small BHs. Right: Track described by the fundamental scalar field QNMs with l = 0 and l = 1 as we vary the BH size r+/L. Counterclockwise starting from the top-right of the figure we marked the points corresponding to different decades in r+/L (r+/L = 102, 101, 100, 10−1, . . .). Modes with different l coalesce in the large BH regime, as long as l ≪ r+/L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-frequencies-and-quality-factors-for-the-fundamental-2mnv7fic.png Figure 9. Frequencies and quality factors for the fundamental modes with l = 2, 3, 4 and different values of m. Solid lines refer to m = l, .., l (from top to bottom), the dotted line to m = 0, and dashed lines refer to m = −1, ..,−l (from top to bottom). Quality factors for the higher overtones are lower than the ones we display here. https://scispace.com/papers/quiescent-x-ray-emission-from-cen-x-4-a-variable-thermal-3ul4iqv1c7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-0-3-10-kev-light-curve-from-the-second-chandra-67zyutsu.png Figure 4. 0.3–10 keV light curve from the second Chandra observation (CXO2), with 250 s binning. The dashed line is the weighted average of the light curve. The early section of the light curve is significantly higher than the average. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xmm2-pn-light-curves-with-250-s-binning-around-the-1vopdu27.png Figure 5. XMM2, PN light curves (with 250 s binning) around the time of a significant flare. Here, we show the 0.3–2 keV (top) and 2–10 keV (middle) light curves, and the associated hardness ratio (2–10 keV count rate/0.3–2 keV count rate). There is no obvious evolution in the hardness ratio during the flare. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-light-curves-from-the-second-xmm-newton-observation-3l9f7kx5.png Figure 3. Light curves from the second XMM-Newton observation (XMM2). The top three panels show the MOS 1, MOS 2, and PN net count rate, with 250 s binning in the 0.3–10 keV energy range. The bottom panel shows the PN background count rate (note that periods of high background excluded from the spectral analysis have not been filtered out here). While some variability in the net light curves may be associated with higher levels of background (for instance at around 20 ks), there is a clear flare from the source at around 37 ks seen in all three detectors during a period of low background. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observations-of-cen-x-4-2m5ksfw7.png Table 1 Observations of Cen X-4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unfolded-spectra-from-the-brightest-xmm1-black-and-3w3szn99.png Figure 1. Unfolded spectra from the brightest (XMM1, black) and faintest (SUZ, red) quiescent observations of Cen X-4. The neutron star atmosphere (blue, dotted line) and power-law (green, dotted line) components are also shown. The large variability requires that the thermal component has to vary between the two epochs. For XMM1, we only show the PN spectrum, and for SUZ, we show just the combined XIS 0 + 3 spectrum. The spectra have been rebinned for visual clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spectral-fits-for-cen-x-4-with-variable-nh-and-power-lbze8sny.png Table 4 Spectral Fits for Cen X-4 with Variable NH and Power Law https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectral-fits-for-cen-x-4-with-temperature-variable-2q43wp6l.png Table 2 Spectral Fits for Cen X-4 with Temperature Variable and Radius Fixed https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spectral-fits-for-cen-x-4-with-temperature-tied-and-2j15cgsx.png Table 3 Spectral Fits for Cen X-4 with Temperature Tied and Radius Variable https://scispace.com/papers/r-d-and-aggregate-fluctuations-16ac7hyrar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forecast-error-decompositions-of-hours-percent-1rxa3ih2.png Table 6 - Forecast error decompositions of hours (percent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-r-d-investment-in-adjusted-gdp-data-source-3roeeqxl.png Figure 1 - Share of R&D investment in (adjusted) GDP. Data source: BEA-NSF satellite account. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-responses-to-a-positive-productivity-2ecmpmoq.png Figure 2 - Theoretical responses to a positive productivity shock in the R&D sector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-theoretical-responses-to-a-positive-productivity-fagjzwvm.png Figure 4 - Theoretical responses to a positive productivity shock in the consumption-good sector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-theoretical-responses-to-a-negative-investment-yob55v4u.png Figure 3 - Theoretical responses to a negative investment-specific shock. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-volatilities-of-growth-rates-annual-us-data-1959-330z4hpq.png Table 1 - Volatilities of growth rates: Annual US data 1959-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-parameter-values-23oyne0x.png Table 2 - Model parameter values https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contribution-of-shocks-to-fluctuations-percent-1nea486q.png Table 4 - Contribution of shocks to fluctuations (percent) without an R&D sector and shocks https://scispace.com/papers/race-and-selective-enforcement-in-public-housing-4ncu9skdqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-6a-c-here-1xfwgzwv.png Figures 6a-c Here https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-here-zvhjmya0.png Table 1 Here https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-and-3c-here-savfde25.png Table 3b and 3c Here https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-here-1zf2myjm.png Table 2 Here https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-here-3eiv9d3r.png Table 3b and 3c Here https://scispace.com/papers/race-based-job-discrimination-disparities-in-job-control-and-4t7c2k13ym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-differences-inmean-job-control-score-contrast-24rkljcw.png TABLE II. Differences inMean Job Control Score, Contrast betweenWhite and Black Subjects; MIDUS1995 Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographic-characteristics-of-study-participants-239b8mz1.png TABLE I. Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants.MIDUS Survey1994^1995 https://scispace.com/papers/radar-based-fall-detection-exploiting-time-frequency-gs9fwlcec4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-binary-time-frequency-signature-obtained-from-the-24x8qivf.png Fig. 4. Binary time-frequency signature obtained from the spectrogram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-the-pbc-the-red-line-represents-the-8vg6jyor.png Fig. 3. An example of the PBC. The red line represents the detection threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experiment-scene-2u2b885r.png Fig. 1. Experiment scene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectrogram-of-fall-generated-with-different-window-36f9sirh.png Fig. 2. Spectrogram of fall generated with different window sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confusion-matrix-of-the-classification-results-lf1j69c6.png Table 1. Confusion matrix of the classification results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectrogram-of-typical-motion-patterns-314nhw9a.png Fig. 5. Spectrogram of typical motion patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/radar-detection-schemes-for-joint-temporal-and-spatial-4p7b7qt4l9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pfa-l-plot-and-the-corresponding-pd-snr-relationship-2pxy8fon.png Fig. 1. Pfa − λ plot and the corresponding Pd-SNR relationship for Pfa = 10−2 for spatially non correlated Gaussian clutter (m = 16, ρ = 0.5). (a), (b) K = 32. (c), (d) K = 48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pfa-l-plot-and-the-corresponding-pd-snr-relationship-38kr1r44.png Fig. 4. Pfa−λ plot and the corresponding Pd-SNR relationship for Pfa = 10−2 for VARMA(0,1) spatially correlated compound Gaussian clutter (ν = 0.5, m = 16, ρ = 0.5, Θ1 = 0.9Im). (a), (b) K = 32. (c), (d) K = 48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pfa-l-plot-and-the-corresponding-pd-snr-relationship-2g0xps4r.png Fig. 3. Pfa−λ plot and the corresponding Pd-SNR relationship for Pfa = 10−2 for spatially non correlated compound Gaussian clutter (ν = 0.5, m = 16, ρ = 0.5). (a), (b) K = 32. (c), (d) K = 48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pfa-l-plot-and-the-corresponding-pd-snr-relationship-2xiz3vfc.png Fig. 2. Pfa −λ plot and the corresponding Pd-SNR relationship for Pfa = 10−2 for spatially VARMA(0,1) correlated Gaussian clutter (m = 16, ρ = 0.5, Θ1 = 0.9Im). (a), (b) K = 32. (c), (d) K = 48. https://scispace.com/papers/radio-frequency-single-electron-refrigerator-332smkspfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-of-the-n-island-vs-gate-1k1dk4wg.png FIG. 4 (color online). Temperature of the N island vs gate frequency at a few bath temperatures. We assume that the volume of the island is V 1 10 21 m3, 1 109 WK 5 m 3, EC= 0:3, and 1 10 4. TC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-single-electron-refrigerator-ser-a-single-1sp7i63a.png FIG. 1 (color online). Single-electron refrigerator (SER). (a) Single-electron box with a normal metal (N) island and a superconducting (S) lead. (b) The trajectory on the (n, ng) plane for the cycle discussed here. (c) Sketch of energy band diagrams of the SER showing the tunneling processes in this cycle. In practice, the nonequilibrium excitations relax via inelastic collisions between tunneling events as discussed in the text. (d) The charging energy of the system (solid line, left scale), where discontinuities are observed as electrons tunnel. This change of energy is provided by the voltage source to the tunneling electrons to overcome the superconducting gap. The gate cycle is shown by the dashed line (right scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-heat-flux-extracted-from-the-n-island-1498do2i.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Heat flux extracted from the N island of a SER as a function of frequency for some values of RT . From bottom to top: RT 100, 30, 10, and 5 k . The computations were performed assuming ng t 2 sin !t . (b) Normalized energy extracted per cycle versus background charge n0. In the calculations we used f 10 MHz, and RT 30 k . The gate amplitudes for the three curves from bottom to top are 2, 3.5, and 5. In both (a) and (b) we assumed 200 eV, kBT= 0:05, EC= 0:3, and 1 10 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-heat-extracted-from-the-n-island-in-a-ser-2wzo7idw.png FIG. 2 (color online). Heat extracted from the N island in a SER during the cyclic operation of the gate. These calculations were performed with the following parameter values: kBT= 0:05, C EC= 0:3, RT 30 k , 1 10 4, f != 2 10 MHz, and 200 eV, which corresponds to aluminum as the superconductor. The gray line shows the stochastic results, and the rising black line is the solution of the master equation. The sinusoidal line indicates the instantaneous gate position ng, and the piecewise constant red line shows the number of extra electrons on the island in a typical trajectory. The inset displays the average number of charges, nave, at each instant within the cycle obtained from the master equation. https://scispace.com/papers/radio-frequency-superconducting-parametric-transducer-for-4cadx1nx27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-forward-transfer-scattering-parameter-sal-and-the-24a3a375.png FIG. 5. The forward transfer scattering parameter Sal and the input reflection S-parameter SI1 are plotted for the cryogenic bridge circuit readouf in the balanced state. In the absence of a mechanical signal the pump is suppressed at the output but the pump mode of the bridge circuit is visible in reflection. https://scispace.com/papers/radio-over-modes-for-c-ran-architecture-with-smart-optical-144qyr0bs1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mdm-fdm-optical-channel-assignment-j4ry21e9.png Figure 3: MDM/FDM optical channel assignment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cdf-for-thue-40-and-capacity-at-5-outage-4uurni8t.png Figure 8: CDF for θUE = −40◦ and capacity at 5% outage probability, SNRradio = 20dB, N = 6 antennas and modes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mdm-based-c-ran-3enguiyt.png Figure 1: MDM-based C-RAN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-model-uplink-15c01tw9.png Figure 2: System model, uplink https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geometric-model-for-the-statistical-description-of-32ehn0cb.png Figure 4: Geometric model for the statistical description of inter-cell interference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-the-optical-channel-assignment-on-the-cwi8pil0.png Figure 5: Effect of the optical channel assignment on the SINR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-capacity-per-user-with-mplc-mux-demux-vs-doa-thue-1y0xmgq9.png Figure 6: Capacity per user with MPLC MUX/DEMUX vs DoA θUE with non-degenerate modes (solid lines) and with spatial modes (dash-dotted lines) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-capacity-vs-number-of-antennas-modes-at-2tmfrxbl.png Figure 7: Average capacity vs number of antennas (modes) at 20dB and 30dB of radio-link SNR, 10-km fiber propagation https://scispace.com/papers/radiochemical-study-of-neutron-deficient-chains-in-the-noble-3v51dlunl8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radiochemical-yield-of-daughter-activities-as-a-3ebr8n3v.png Fig. 2. Radiochemical yield of daughter activities as a function of time. Gold separated from parent mercury fraction ·at 8-minute intervals. (Bombardment: Au + 120-Mev https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radiochemical-yield-of-daughter-activities-as-a-udt95jz4.png Fig. 3. Radiochemical yield of daughter activities as a function of time. Platinum separated from parent gold fracfion https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-p5b3mzc8.png Table II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ga-rna-ray-spectrum-of-pt-l6cbloqi.png Fig. 10. Ga~rna-ray spectrum of Pt • . , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1ndokyyy.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-188-188-growth-and-decay-curve-for-pt-as-daughter-ir-1qzidixp.png Fig. 9. 188 188 Growth and decay curve for Pt , as daughter Ir https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-gamma-ray-spectrum-of-rr187-19ejgjqk.png Fig. 14. Gamma-ray spectrum of rr187 • · https://scispace.com/papers/rafts-in-oligodendrocytes-evidence-and-structure-function-4xu4mt0zzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lipid-and-protein-composition-of-human-central-299px28w.png Table 1 Lipid and protein composition of human central nervous system myelin3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-extraction-conditions-in-which-myelin-f7f9vggi.png Table 3 Overview of extraction conditions in which myelin proteins resist solubilization https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-function-of-myelin-specific-proteins-176yw5l5.png Table 2 Function of myelin-specific proteins https://scispace.com/papers/radiomics-from-qualitative-to-quantitative-imaging-8s31j2ztp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-architecture-of-a-single-neuron-with-a-transfer-2zuez3y6.png Figure 6. The architecture of a single neuron with a transfer function and a sigmoid activation function visualised. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-three-layer-neural-network-that-is-a-binary-22ib647i.png Figure 7. A three layer neural network that is a binary classifier with three inputs. Nodes with Xn refer to inputs while other nodes refer to activation functions. The connecting lines between the nodes represent weights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-filter-that-is-able-to-filter-out-vertical-lines-2eexyfxu.png Figure 8. A filter that is able to filter out vertical lines. The yellow lines represent the kernel or sliding window, while the image on the right is the result of performing convolutions across the entirety of the original image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-highlighting-key-developments-in-medical-3t692m50.png Figure 1. Timeline highlighting key developments in medical imaging. CAD, computer- aided diagnosis; GLCM, grey level cooccurring matrix; PET, positron emission tomography. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-possible-angles-for-the-calculation-of-co-ye5mrs3c.png Figure 3. Possible angles for the calculation of co- occurrence matrices in two and three dimensions. (A) Shows the 4 possible directions in 2 dimensions while (B) shows the 13 possible directions in 3 dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-difference-between-using-a-a-contoured-binary-27w136i9.png Figure 2. The difference between using (A) a contoured binary mask, and (B) using a bounding box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-calculating-a-glcm-for-horizontal-co-occurring-2t6ef3rt.png Figure 4. Calculating a GLCM for horizontal co- occurring pixel intensities. In total, 3 co- occurring pixel intensities of 3 and 2 that are next to each other on a horizontal plane can be totalled and tracked in the corresponding matrix. GLCM, grey level co- occurring matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-fivefold-cross-validation-which-can-314qwe4p.png Figure 5. An example of fivefold cross- validation which can be used to evaluate machine learning models. Cross- validation gives the ability to test the result across the entirety of a data set, giving a better estimation of a model’s overall performance. https://scispace.com/papers/rainwater-harvesting-and-greywater-treatment-systems-for-328kr1y9pq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-domestic-water-consumption-per-capita-per-day-2iok2das.png Fig. 1. Average domestic water consumption per capita per day in selected EU countries in 2006 [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-typical-roof-rainwater-harvesting-system-in-ireland-2u9igvap.png Fig. 3. A typical roof rainwater harvesting system in Ireland. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-annual-costs-for-the-public-water-supply-in-f2k725wq.png Table 1 The annual costs for the public water supply in Ireland in 2006 [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-breakdown-of-domestic-water-consumption-per-capita-per-2x6j55mq.png Fig. 2. Breakdown of domestic water consumption per capita per day into various uses in Ireland in 2006 [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-domestic-greywater-treatment-system-in-2clgrgu0.png Fig. 4. A typical domestic greywater treatment system in Ireland. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-spectra-of-he-n-br2-x-clusters-the-role-of-boson-45ntpulmnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energies-mean-value-of-the-squared-orbital-angular-2jt7gm5q.png TABLE II. Energies, mean value of the squared orbital angular momentum, and its projection on the interdiatomic axis of boson, fermion and mixture complexes. They are calculated at the equilibrium Br2(X) bond distance and depend on the spin multiplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-convergence-study-through-the-scf-procedure-169xxj3r.png TABLE III. Convergence study, through the SCF procedure described in Sec. II B, of the energy atr 5r eq corresponding to different multiplets in the mixed complex of 18 fermions/18 bosons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effective-potentials-as-functions-of-the-br2-x-bond-2qdsfxzw.png FIG. 2. Effective potentials as functions of the Br2(X) bond length for complexes containing 183He atoms~singlet state!, 18 4He atoms, and a mixture of 183He and 184He atoms~singlet state!, together with the potential for the isolated diatom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-variation-of-the-energy-cm21-with-the-br2-bond-5la0lypm.png TABLE IV. Variation of the energy (cm21) with the Br2 bond lengthr (Å) of the different multiplets in the complexes considerated. Entries correspond to the sequencer 52.20/2.281/2.35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-o-p-profiles-for-the-three-species-p-branches-are-2t0avy0i.png FIG. 7. O, P profiles for the three species.P branches are absent for complexes containing only bosons. The same conventions than in Fig. 6 have been used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-enlargeds-1-region-from-fig-8-2dv7zbiz.png FIG. 9. EnlargedS(1) region from Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-study-of-multiwalled-carbon-nanotubes-functionalized-2sg878qok7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-spectra-at-a-laser-of-514-5-nm-excitation-of-p-imsb3oa0.png FIG. 3. Raman spectra at a laser of 514.5 nm excitation of P powder a , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tga-spectra-of-p-f-and-s-samples-in-flowing-nitrogen-21d0j26d.png FIG. 8. TGA spectra of P, F, and S samples in flowing nitrogen atmosphere residual weight: P 10%, F 6.3%, and S 4.3% . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-d-and-g-peak-positions-for-p-nf-f-and-s-2rzvi0h5.png FIG. 7. Average D and G peak positions for P, NF, F, and S samples using a 632.8 nm excitation wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-derivative-tga-spectra-of-p-f-and-s-samples-in-flowing-3g2hs1x3.png FIG. 9. Derivative TGA spectra of P, F, and S samples in flowing nitrogen atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xps-c1s-peaks-of-nf-f-scheme-1-and-s-scheme-2-3jtg0azo.png FIG. 1. XPS C1s peaks of NF, F scheme 1 , and S scheme 2 nanotubes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xps-survey-scan-of-nf-and-f-nanotubes-akd76aw8.png FIG. 2. XPS survey scan of NF and F nanotubes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-intensities-id-id-ig-id-and-id-ig-of-the-3l0b0whe.png FIG. 4. Relative intensities: ID / ID*, IG / ID*, and ID / IG of the Raman peaks for P, NF, F, and S samples using a 514.5 nm excitation wavelength. Inset graph shows the corresponding integral area A ratios: AD /AD*, AG /AD*, and AD /AG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-intensities-id-id-ig-id-and-id-ig-of-the-1u6sl5kt.png FIG. 5. Relative intensities: ID / ID*, IG / ID*, and ID / IG of the Raman peaks for P, NF, F, and S samples using a 632.8 nm excitation wavelength. Inset graph shows the corresponding integral area A ratios: AD /AD*, AG /AD*, and AD /AG. https://scispace.com/papers/random-projections-of-residuals-as-an-alternative-to-co-2pgypd8ych 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eoob-for-wow-and-hugo-using-four-rich-models-pjqg3mji.png Table 4. EOOB for WOW and HUGO using four rich models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detection-error-eoob-as-a-function-of-model-3l7cehip.png Figure 3. Detection error EOOB as a function of model dimensionality for five different combinations of projection neighborhoods described in the text. The performance of the SRM and its downscaled version SRMQ1 is also plotted for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-seven-types-of-projection-neighborhoods-p-used-in-3nb2vusz.png Figure 1. Seven types of projection neighborhoods P used in our investigative experiments in Section 5: 1×4, 4×4, cross, stairs, 2× 4, thick diagonal, and 5× 5 square. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensionality-of-the-feature-vector-formed-by-k-3qzc4icc.png Table 2. Dimensionality of the feature vector formed by k projection neighborhoods, each with NP projection vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-minimum-and-maximum-detection-error-eoob-2z6akahm.png Figure 2. Average, minimum, and maximum detection error EOOB for 1–7 projection neighborhoods (shown in Figure 1) with the number of histogram bins always chosen to obtain feature dimensionality of approximately 338. Left: union of residuals obtained using K3 and K5. Right: residuals obtained using the predictor shown in the third row of Table 1 and its vertical version. Steganographic algorithm: WOW at 0.4 bpp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-directional-horizontal-residuals-with-c3v5gwcb.png Table 1. Examples of directional (horizontal) residuals with support size s based on locally polynomial image models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-eleven-types-of-projection-neighborhoods-p-used-in-1xvvonn9.png Figure 4. Eleven types of projection neighborhoods P used in the PSRM: 1 × 4, 1 × 8, 2 × 4, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 × 5, cross, stairs, thick diagonal, and diagonal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dimensionalities-of-four-models-used-to-steganalyze-30sve1yx.png Table 3. Dimensionalities of four models used to steganalyze HUGO and WOW. https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-placebo-controlled-trial-of-granulocyte-4crq40vx2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-inclusion-165eejfr.png Table 1. Patient Inclusion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-median-survival-for-the-primary-end-point-of-3szgi6rr.png Fig 2. Estimated median survival for the primary end point of the https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-quality-of-life-scores-in-both-treatment-arms-5wla2ajh.png Table 5, Mean Quality-of-life Scores in Both Treatment Arms https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-adverse-events-reported-during-treatment-with-38h4if1h.png Table 6. Adverse Events Reported During Treatment With Antibiotics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-characteristics-o-f-study-patients-2kc7vyme.png Table 2. Baseline Characteristics o f Study Patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cytokine-profiles-on-days-0-and-1-of-treatment-3uq1ybma.png Table 7. Cytokine Profiles on Days 0 and 1 of Treatment https://scispace.com/papers/rangeland-management-series-annual-range-forage-production-1gukypufz5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variations-in-length-of-time-of-the-inadequate-7lj591f0.png Figure 5. Variations in length of time of the inadequate green forage season, adequate green forage season, and dry forage season at the San Joaquin Experimental Range. Source: Bentley and Talbot 1951. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-production-means-from-each-monitoring-stie-15it0am4.png Table 4. Production means from each monitoring stie https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monthly-and-annual-forage-production-lb-ac-for-31-eigrrg6r.png Table 2. Monthly and annual forage production (lb/ac) for 31 growing seasons at the UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-evolution-of-thermal-plasticity-in-mountain-lake-4iyba96rpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-stepwise-model-selection-between-long-and-e0755mvc.png Table 1. Results of stepwise model selection between long- and short-term selection and their interactions for Daphnia pulicaria life-history traits. Bold indicates significant p-values (< 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-stepwise-model-selection-between-age-long-3uyfkmvb.png Table 2. Results of stepwise model selection between age, long- and short-term selection and their interactions describing number of offspring in Daphnia pulicaria. Age and number of offspring were log-transformed. Bold indicates significant p-values (< 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-formation-of-single-crystalline-ge-nanowires-by-anodic-1d5mpfn9zb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-electrodes-standard-etching-cell-experimental-set-cngn4zln.png Fig. 1 Two electrodes standard etching cell experimental set-up consisting of an Al film as the back contact, sputtered on the back of the Ge wafer and annealed at 400 °C for 3–4 minutes to form an ohmic contact and a Pt electrode placed in the electrolytic solution. The setup was kept in dark and at a constant T = 25 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-resulted-samples-from-1-metal-2yeo5iyl.png Table 1 Summary of the resulted samples from 1) metal assisted chemical etching (MAcE); 2) anodic metal assisted chemical etching (AMAcE) and 3) electrochemical etching (EC) with different parameters used in our experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ge-wire-formation-process-by-amace-method-step-i-high-5yd0zxfp.png Fig. 4 Ge wire formation process by AMAcE method. Step I) High density of crystallographic pores are formed underneath the metal particles by conventional MAcE mechanism without an applied bias. Step II) Holes accumulate in vicinity of metal particles and a high current density will be built up at the Ge-metal interface (pore tip) due to the applied bias. Step III) Further Ge etching, driven by a stabilized current density, resulting in formation of Ge nanowires. https://scispace.com/papers/rank-based-variation-operators-for-genetic-algorithms-2s3hshgju3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rld-curves-for-the-rank-ga-vs-a-meta-sga-in-a-2w15h2fo.png Figure 4: RLD curves for the Rank GA vs a “meta” SGA in a landscape with one suboptimal needle close to the optimal needle. The population is initialized at the subneedle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rld-curves-for-the-rank-ga-vs-a-meta-sga-in-a-38lgeyt5.png Figure 3: RLD curves for the Rank GA vs a “meta” SGA in a landscape with two anticorrelated signals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-run-length-distribution-rld-curves-for-the-rank-ga-2tp23z64.png Figure 1: Run Length Distribution (RLD) curves for the Rank GA vs a “meta” SGA in the Counting Ones landscape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rld-curves-for-the-rank-ga-vs-a-meta-sga-in-the-22xmpvfm.png Figure 2: RLD curves for the Rank GA vs a “meta” SGA in the DTrap landscape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rld-curves-for-the-rank-ga-vs-a-meta-sga-in-a-2pdrwyfe.png Figure 5: RLD curves for the Rank GA vs a “meta” SGA in a landscape with one suboptimal needle at different hamming distances from the optimal needle. The population is initialized at the subneedle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rld-curves-for-the-rank-ga-vs-a-meta-sga-in-the-2obu0n7l.png Figure 6: RLD curves for the Rank GA vs a “meta” SGA in the Concatenated Blocks landscape. NIAH blocks (left), DTrap blocks (right). https://scispace.com/papers/rare-earth-substitutional-impurities-in-germanium-a-hybrid-1demw69ogo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicted-bond-length-bd-between-a-re-and-ge-atoms-1a9264r6.png Table 1: Predicted bond length (βd) between a RE and Ge atoms after geometric relaxation and the difference (∆d) between βd and Ge−Ge relaxed bond length (2.46 Å) for RE substitutional impurities in Ge. The RE−Ge bond length is calculated with respect to the nearest neighbour Ge atoms around the RE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-formation-energies-ef-in-ev-at-f-0-for-236bubvc.png Table 2: Calculated formation energies (Ef ) in eV at f = 0 for the neutral charge state of the CeGe, EuGe ErGe and PrGe. The difference in formation energy (dE f ) was calculated with respect to the lowest formation energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-energy-of-the-charge-state-transition-levels-q-q-is5vrqbh.png Table 3: The energy of the charge state transition levels (q/q′) in eV within the band gap of Ge for the CeGe, EuGe ErGe and PrGe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relaxed-geometric-structures-of-re-substitutions-in-2c3m3z2y.png Figure 1: Relaxed geometric structures of RE substitutions in Ge. (a) CeGe, (b) PrGe, (c) EuGe and (d) ErGe. According to Figs. 1a and 1c, the black line and the text ”a” represent the shortest bond length and the angle formed between a RE and two nearest neighbour Ge atoms. This same pattern applies to all other REGe systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-formation-energy-as-a-function-of-the-fermi-3vtvli6f.png Figure 3: Plot of formation energy as a function of the Fermi energy for RE substitutional impurities in Ge; (a) The CeGe showing evidence of a donor level and negative-U properties in the band gap of Ge; (b) The PrGe showing evidence of an acceptor level in the band gap of Ge; (c) The EuGe showing an acceptor level close to the conduction band. (d) The ErGe showing a negative-U ordering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-showing-the-spin-polarised-partial-density-of-35puoaqa.png Figure 2: Plots showing the spin polarised partial density of states (PDOS) left and total density of states (DOS) right of the REGe. The Fermi level (at f = 0 eV) is shown by the dashed vertical blue line. (a) PDOS of pristine Ge, (b) Total DOS of pristine Ge, (c) PDOS of CeGe, (d) Total DOS of CeGe, (e) PDOS of PrGe, (f) Total DOS of PrGe, (g) PDOS of EuGe, (h) Total DOS of EuGe, (i) PDOS of ErGe and (j) Total DOS of ErGe. https://scispace.com/papers/rare-bacteriohopanepolyols-as-markers-for-an-autotrophic-44buil43vw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-partial-base-peak-chromatogram-bpc-and-specific-mass-1cbrfrnc.png Fig. 4. Partial base peak chromatogram (BPC) and specific mass chromatograms showing the distribution of BHPs in enrichment culture Ooij-2 as revealed LC-APCI-MS analysis, including characteristic APCI MS2 spectra of all six hopanepolyols (analysed as their acetyl-derivatives). Sequential loss of four, five and six acetyl groups is typical for the BHP-tetrol, -pentol and -hexol, respectively. Further fragmentation results in loss of 192 or 206, and a product with m/z 191 or 205, for the BHPs without and with an additional methyl group at the A-ring, respectively. Numbers refer to structures depicted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-relative-abundance-of-the-different-bhps-as-3ctlfz4s.png Fig. 5. The relative abundance of the different BHPs as percentage of the total BHPs, derived from LCMS data. Equivalent response factors for all BHPs were assumed as standards are not available. Numbers refer to structures depicted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-abundance-of-the-c30-c31-c32-regular-hopanols-k7bs8n2s.png Fig. 3. Relative abundance of the C30, C31, C32 regular hopanols Ia, Ic, and Ie, and their 3-methyl derivatives Ib, Id, and If (all analysed as TMS derivatives) in the product mixtures of periodic acid degradation of the four studied Methylomirabilis spp. enrichment cultures. Numbers refer to structures depicted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-partial-tic-and-mass-chromatograms-gc-ms-of-the-polar-1i3ljnvw.png Fig. 2. Partial TIC and mass chromatograms (GC-MS) of the polar fraction after periodic acid treatment of the extract of M. oxyfera (enrichment culture WWTP). Characteristic fragments of m/z 191 and 205 are indicative of the hopanoids without and with additional methylation at the A-ring, respectively. Fragments of m/z 279, 293, and 307 identify the length of the (TMS-derivatized) side chains. Numbers refer to structures depicted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-13c-enrichment-of-m-oxyfera-hopanols-analysed-as-tms-3h22d104.png Fig. 6. 13C enrichment of M. oxyfera hopanols (analysed as TMS derivatives) generated by periodic acid degradation of enrichment culture Ooij-1 after incubation with 13C-labeled CH4 or bicarbonate. Due to coelution of the hopanols, isotopic signatures cannot be distinguished for all individual hopanoids. The abundance of the 3-methyl bishomohopanol If was too low to accurately determine its stable carbon isotopic composition. Error bars indicate the standard error, based on duplicate analyses of two experimental replicates. Numbers refer to structures depicted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relative-abundance-of-c30-c31-and-c32-hopanols-and-3f1g0oaf.png Fig. 7. Relative abundance of C30, C31 and C32 hopanols and their 3-methyl derivatives in the Brunssummerheide peat profile. Hopanols were quantified by GC-SIM-MS analyses of samples after periodic acid degradation. Numbers refer to structures depicted in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structures-of-various-hopanoids-including-tetra-penta-pwgdp2ss.png Fig. 1. Structures of various hopanoids, including tetra-, penta-, and hexafunctionalized bacteriohopanepolyols. https://scispace.com/papers/ratchets-in-homogeneous-extended-systems-internal-modes-and-2ly1xyehsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-harmonic-content-of-the-first-contributions-to-the-2uxossj4.png Table 1. Harmonic content of the first contributions to the perturbative expansion of l(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-absolute-value-of-the-kink-center-velocity-vs-2ttq56r4.png Fig 4. Mean absolute value of the kink center velocity vs noise intensity. Parameters are 1 = 2 = 0.2, β = 0.05, δ = 0.1, initial phase δ0 = −0.31831, and relative phase θ = −π/2. Realizations in the averages are as indicated. The straight lines are linear fits of slopes 0.053 (dashed, for the 50 realizations set) and 0.060 (solid, for the 100 realizations set). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependence-of-the-kink-velocity-on-the-initial-phase-2473xpp0.png Fig 1. Dependence of the kink velocity on the initial phase. Parameters are 1 = 2 = 0.2, β = 0.05, δ = 0.1. Relative phase θ = π/2: solid line, CC theory; filled circles, simulation results. Relative phase θ = 0: dashed line, CC theory; squares, simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-kink-velocity-on-the-initial-phase-16icbkq4.png Fig 3. Dependence of the kink velocity on the initial phase for relative phase θ = π/2 in the deterministic (D = 0, empty circles) and the stochastic (D = 0.03, diamonds) cases. Other parameters are as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-discrete-fourier-transform-of-the-kink-width-upper-323xx9p8.png Fig 2. Discrete Fourier Transform of the kink width. Upper panel: m = 2; middle panel: m = 3; lower panel: m = 4. Solid line: amplitude measured in simulations. Dashed line: numerical integration of the CC equations. Parameters are as in Fig. 1 for relative phase θ = π/2 and δ0 = −2.5. https://scispace.com/papers/rational-approximation-to-trigonometric-operators-3eje9i24gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-numerical-approximations-to-the-optimal-value-of-g-37ciixzw.png Table 3.1: Numerical approximations to the optimal value of γ, γopt, and the corresponding value Ejj (γopt) for f(x) = cos √ x https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-coarsest-mesh-used-in-first-experiment-36s16hmb.png Figure 4.3: Coarsest mesh used in first experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-exact-error-after-10-rational-krylov-steps-for-t-0-3lnld38r.png Table 4.1: Exact error after 10 rational Krylov steps for τ = 0.3 for the second experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-numerical-approximations-to-the-optimal-value-of-g-9hmsczal.png Table 3.2: Numerical approximations to the optimal value of γ, γopt, and the corresponding value Ejj (γopt) for f(x) = sinc √ x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-comparison-of-the-rational-krylov-method-and-the-3l2yloij.png Figure 4.5: Comparison of the rational Krylov method and the standard Krylov method by the error ‖uh(0.3) − uh,m(0.3)‖ for the grids with 43, 546 and 5723 nodes (top to bottom) and steps m = 1, . . . , 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-plot-of-un-t-t-sinc-ta-1-2-n-u-n-0-for-t-0-3-and-2tep945m.png Figure 4.1: Plot of uN (τ) = τ sinc(τA 1 2 N )u ′ N,0 for τ = 0.3 and N = 63 (solid) and of the approximations with the standard Krylov space (dash-dotted) and the rational Krylov space (circles) for 5 steps (left picture) and 10 steps (right picture). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-mesh-and-domain-for-the-second-experiment-2m3s7v56.png Figure 4.4: Mesh and domain for the second experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-plot-of-un-t-t-sinc-ta-1-2-n-u-n-0-for-t-0-3-and-t6sdzt0s.png Figure 4.2: Plot of uN (τ) = τ sinc(τA 1 2 N )u ′ N,0 for τ = 0.3 and N = 1024 (solid) and of the approximations with the standard Krylov space (dash-dotted) and the rational Krylov space (circles) for 5 steps (left picture) and 10 steps (right picture). https://scispace.com/papers/rates-and-potentials-of-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration-in-58w6idc9eh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-input-of-organic-carbon-to-soils-via-incorporation-2qylj6w3.png Figure 4. Input of organic carbon to soils via incorporation of plant residues and application of manure (including slurry and excreta), expressed as annual input rate per unit area of soils(a) and annual total sum(b), in different land-use types during 1970–2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-settings-in-simulation-with-regard-to-model-version-3gan5u6r.png Table 1.Settings in simulation with regard to model version and data source used to determine rate of organic carbon input to soils for plant residue and manure in different land-use types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temporal-changes-in-the-weighted-mean-concentration-1ulmpm7k.png Figure 7. Temporal changes in the weighted mean concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC) calculated for seven major soil groups (linedup horizontally) under different land-use types (lined-up vertically) in agricultural lands in Japan. Simulated SOC stock (black cross) were superimposed on observed data from the Basic Soil Environment Monitoring Project, stationary monitoring conducted during 1979–1998 (ocher circle). Black figure labels above black cross indicate area of land accounted for in the calculation of the weighted mean concentration of simulated SOC, in unit of kilo hectare. Ocher figure labels below ocher circle indicate number of samples used to calculate the weighted mean concentration of SOC in the monitoring. Relative area distribution of soil groups are as follows: 03 Andosols – 21 %, 04 Wet Andosols – 7 %, 06 Brown Forest Soils – 14 %, 10 Yellow Soils – 5 %, 12 Brown Lowland Soils: 7 %, 13 Gray Lowland Soils: 22 %, 14 Gley Lowland Soils – 17 %. Years of each survey wave (horizontal axis in each plot) are as follows: initial – 1970, wave 1 – 1979–1983, wave 2 – 1984–1988, wave 3 – 1989–1993, wave 4 – 1994–1998. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-system-developed-to-1hxb8i2q.png Figure 1.Schematic diagram of the system developed to simulate soil carbon stock change at country-scale using spatially explicit inventories on land-use change, climate, soil, and agricultural activity. The system is designed to be capable to simulate both historical and future soil organic carbon stock change, provided that spatial and temporal inventories are continuous or have appropriate time interval. See the text and Supplement for detailed descriptions on other abbreviated text in figures: SOC – soil organic carbon; LU – land-use map, VG – vegetation map, AL – agricultural field map, IM – interpreted land-use/land-cover map, MG – managed grasslands, GCM – Global Climate Models, SRES – Special Report on Emission Scenarios of IPCC, KP – Kyoto Protocol, and NIR – National Inventory Report. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-interpretation-of-land-use-or-land-cover-3isi5psx.png Figure 2. Diagram of interpretation of land-use or land-cover type using multiple different sources of land-use or land-cover map: LU – Land Use Fragmented Mesh Version 1.1 in National Land Numerical Information, created by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Government of Japan; VG – vegetation map from Vegetation Naturalness Survey conducted in National Survey on the Natural Environment, created by Ministry of Environment (MOE), the Government of Japan. Note that for land-use/land-cover interpretation for 2006, VG was substituted by another geographical data source, AL, agricultural land map from Basic Survey on Improvement of Agricultural Production Base, produced by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF), the Government of Japan, due to a lack of data in VG data set in this period. For details on each geographical data sources, see the Supplement. https://scispace.com/papers/rateless-coding-and-perfect-rate-compatible-codes-for-2snrsf2hdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-1l3dw4uo.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-percent-shortfall-in-rate-for-a-numerically-agearwwo.png TABLE II PERCENT SHORTFALL IN RATE FOR A NUMERICALLY-OPTIMIZED RATELESS CODE WITH M = 10 BLOCKS, L = 3 LAYERS, AND A BASE RATE OF R = 5 BITS PER COMPLEX SYMBOL. https://scispace.com/papers/rayleigh-quotient-methods-for-estimating-common-roots-of-44m9n9glx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-polynomial-systems-with-m-1-common-root-niadk53s.png Table 4: Results for polynomial systems with m = 1 common root and equal degrees di = d > n, for 100 generated noisefree polynomial systems and 100 noisy replications each. MAD and SAD values are computed per noisefree system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-polynomial-systems-with-m-1-common-root-2dqmta3a.png Table 1: Results for polynomial systems with m = 1 common root and equal degrees di = d, for 100 generated noisefree polynomial systems and 100 noisy replications each. MAD and SAD values are computed per noisefree system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-polynomial-systems-with-m-2-common-roots-3epupf2a.png Table 5: Results for polynomial systems with m = 2 common roots and equal degrees di = d, for 100 generated noisefree polynomial systems and 100 noisy replications each. MAD and SAD values are computed per noisefree system and for the estimates of both common roots combined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-for-polynomial-systems-with-m-2-common-roots-3f2bl6iq.png Table 6: Results for polynomial systems with m = 2 common roots and unequal degrees di = 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, for 100 generated noisefree polynomial systems and 100 noisy replications each. MAD and SAD values are computed per noisefree system and for the estimates of both common roots combined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-polynomial-systems-with-m-1-common-root-2ibw51kb.png Table 2: Results for polynomial systems with m = 1 common root, di = 6, n = 10, σ = 0.1, only real roots, and radius b = 3, for 100 generated noisefree polynomial systems and 100 noisy replications each. The size of the derivative at the common root is sampled from (−α,+α). MAD and SAD values are computed per noisefree system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-noisefree-polynomial-systems-with-m-1-38blj4sn.png Table 3: Results for noisefree polynomial systems with m = 1 common root, equal degrees di = d, only real roots, and radius b = 3. Mean MAD values are computed for 100 generated systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-mad-values-versus-sroots-for-di-6-n-10-s-0-3-37acoiv4.png Figure 1: Mean MAD values versus σroots for di = 6, n = 10, σ = 0.3, only real roots, and radius b = 2 (left), and for di = 4, n = 3, σ = 0.2, only real roots, and radius b = 3 (right), for 100 generated noisefree polynomial systems and 100 noisy replications each. Methods are GaussNewton (green circle), Sylvester (blue plus), RQI-M (red circle), RQ-LS-I (red cross), and RQ-LS-A (red plus). https://scispace.com/papers/rc-loaded-bow-tie-antenna-for-improved-pulse-radiation-5di9wczt9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-waveforms-radiated-from-different-sides-of-the-rc-47uv6xvr.png Fig. 11. Waveforms radiated from different sides of the RC loaded bow-tie antenna. The antenna is covered with foam-based absorbers on the conducting (printed) side. The solid curve is the same as that in Fig. 8. The dashed curve is the waveform radiated toward the opposite direction (from the side with absorbers) at the same distance (25 cm) from the antenna. The dotted curve is obtained when both sides are covered with the absorbers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-circular-end-bow-tie-antenna-with-mq4vd271.png Fig. 1. Geometry of the circular-end bow-tie antenna with concentric slots for realizing a capacitive loading. Only one arm of the antenna is shown. The flare angle is 90 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-slot-and-strip-widths-of-the-experimental-bow-tie-11n8jonm.png TABLE I SLOT AND STRIP WIDTHS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL BOW TIE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-radiation-patterns-of-the-rc-loaded-bow-tie-antenna-l-1p2rwktz.png Fig. 12. Radiation patterns of the RC loaded bow-tie antenna (l = 6 cm) for different frequencies, measured in dBi. The solid and dotted curves correspond to the patterns in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-input-impedance-of-the-rc-loaded-bow-tie-antenna-in-14zws819.png Fig. 4. Input impedance of the RC loaded bow-tie antenna in free space. The feed point-first slot distance l = 6 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-peak-value-of-the-pulse-transmitted-in-the-2fmle0t2.png Fig. 3. Normalized peak value of the pulse transmitted in the broadside direction by the slotted bow-tie antenna in Fig. 2 as a function of the feed point-first slot distance l . The exciting pulse is a monocycle with 0.8-ns duration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-circular-end-bow-tie-antenna-with-linear-3bweyx0z.png Fig. 2. Experimental circular-end bow-tie antenna with linear capacitive loading constructed on an epoxy substrate with slot and strip widths given in Table I. Length 50 cm, are angle = 90 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vswr-of-the-rc-loaded-bow-tie-antenna-in-free-space-38s8ow9j.png Fig. 5. VSWR of the RC loaded bow-tie antenna in free space fed by a 100-Ohm feed line. The feed point-first slot distance l = 6 cm. https://scispace.com/papers/re-entry-guidance-for-path-constraint-tracking-691a9ocruq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hyperion-1-guidance-effort-red-line-represents-2oiuo8o1.png Figure 10. Hyperion-1 guidance effort. Red line represents nominal mission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-changes-on-nominal-guidance-system-lq7mf2et.png Figure 4. Effect of changes on nominal guidance system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hyperion-1-sensitivity-analysis-results-red-line-dh4g02ah.png Figure 8. Hyperion-1 sensitivity-analysis results. Red line represents nominal mission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-definition-of-state-variables-379ektbc.png Figure 3. Definition of state variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-original-hyperion-1-integrated-heat-load-results-5-2xfu9z22.png Figure 11. Original Hyperion-1 integrated heat-load results.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hyperion-1-sensitivity-analysis-results-concluded-1z6zh4di.png Figure 9. Hyperion-1 sensitivity-analysis results - Concluded. Red line represents nominal mission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-integrated-performance-indices-represented-by-the-1ebek200.png Figure 7. Integrated performance indices, represented by the shaded areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-hyperion-1-worst-case-guidance-effort-red-line-1v50s1o4.png Figure 15. Hyperion-1 worst-case guidance effort. Red line represents nominal mission. https://scispace.com/papers/reactions-to-thirdhand-smoke-are-associated-with-openness-to-5c2fdcp8ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratios-ors-of-openness-to-smoking-in-relation-1di614xq.png Table 3. Odds ratios (ORs) of openness to smoking in relation to reactions to thirdhand smoke in never smokers and in experimental or former smokers a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positive-and-negative-reactions-to-thirdhand-smoke-1esfins3.png Table 1. Positive and negative reactions to thirdhand smoke (THS) by basic characteristics (n=4324) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-and-factor-analysis-of-reactions-to-2x1c2vwr.png Table 2. Prevalence and factor analysis of reactions to thirdhand smoke (n=4324) https://scispace.com/papers/re-estimating-the-relationship-between-inequality-and-growth-2jrv7bkle4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-robustness-of-the-iv-result-to-further-control-3qylxql5.png Table 11: Robustness of the IV result to further control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-11-iv-with-opec-year-effects-mxahshc3.png Table A.11: IV with OPEC-year effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-gmm-results-quadratic-level-specification-1ml709a5.png Table A.4: GMM results, quadratic level specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-piecewise-linear-regressions-of-inequality-changes-dv8uvhu3.png Table 6: Piecewise linear regressions of inequality changes, FE and GMM results https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-10-year-averages-levels-and-differences-l1kd7aa4.png Table A.8: 10-year averages, levels and differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-alternative-lag-structures-22opzqf6.png Table 9: Alternative lag structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-10-year-averages-1z6ry48h.png Table 8: 10−year averages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-correlation-between-growth-and-lagged-inequality-3vapo6tt.png Figure A.1: Correlation between growth and (lagged) inequality in transition countries https://scispace.com/papers/reactivity-of-radiolytically-produced-nitrogen-oxide-2azlqjm7gz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-nordion-gammacell-220e-2nbdkc3r.png Figure 3.1 Nordion Gammacell 220E https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-c-ln-a-vs-time-to-find-the-first-order-rate-k9t3eu09.png Figure 4.1.c ln A vs. time to find the first order rate constant. Slope of the line is the first order rate constant. Figure 4.1.d Concentration of anisole vs. first order k to find the second order rate constant. Slope of the line is the second order rate constant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-a-chromatogram-of-cs-7sb-orange-layer-at-254-nm-2i2a5dqe.png Figure 5.4.a Chromatogram of Cs-7SB orange layer at 254 nm (LC-UV- MS) Peaks identified are Cs-7SB (3.54 and 5.24 minutes), hydroxylated nitro Cs-7SB compound Na salt (3.06 minutes, the mass spectrum is at this point) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-b-linac-electron-pulse-radiolysis-another-view-2usrl3bw.png Figure 3.2.b LINAC - Electron Pulse Radiolysis (Another view) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-cs-7sb-gradient-program-1skep53e.png Table 3.2 Cs-7SB gradient program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-b-mass-spectra-of-cs-7sb-orange-layer-compounds-cattc3qx.png Figure 5.4.a Chromatogram of Cs-7SB orange layer at 254 nm (LC-UV- MS) Peaks identified are Cs-7SB (3.54 and 5.24 minutes), hydroxylated nitro Cs-7SB compound Na salt (3.06 minutes, the mass spectrum is at this point) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13-gc-ecd-chromatograms-for-fpex-and-cs-7sb-27441yof.png Figure 4.13 GC-ECD chromatograms for FPEX and Cs-7SB modifier samples irradiated to 400 kGy in the presence and absence of 1.5M nitric acid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-the-ingrowth-of-2-nitroanisole-2-na-and-4-3hqbdr4p.png Figure 4.4 The ingrowth of 2-nitroanisole (2-NA) and 4-nitroanisole (4-NA) for thermal anisole reaction with 6 M HNO3 in the presence and absence of the nitrous acid scavenger hydrazine (H) https://scispace.com/papers/reactor-configuration-development-for-aries-cs-afuqg4bqfp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contours-of-magnetic-field-strength-on-the-lcms-viewed-20hhh32g.png Fig. 6. Contours of magnetic field strength on the LCMS viewed on the normalized U-V plane, where U=θ/2π, V=2φ/2π, and θ and φ are poloidal and toroidal angles, respectively, for the configuration shown in Fig. 5. The contours show the quasi-axisymmetric characteristic of the magnetic field, but the effect of m=0, n=1 term is clearly visible in the inboard section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetic-spectrum-plotted-as-function-of-the-6jdlzdbl.png Fig. 4. Magnetic spectrum plotted as function of the normalized toroidal flux for the eight components having the largest magnitude for the configuration given in Fig. 1. Note that the maximum non-axisymmetric components are the helical terms and all are less than 1.8%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-last-closed-magnetic-surface-lcms-in-four-equal-3mrqozeq.png Fig. 5. The Last Closed Magnetic Surface (LCMS) in four equal toroidal cross sections over half a field period for an MHH2 whose aspect ratio is only 2.65. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-last-closed-magnetic-surface-lcms-shown-in-four-1fjejaoy.png Fig. 1. The Last Closed Magnetic Surface (LCMS) shown in four equal toroidal sections in half a period for a three field-period, aspect ratio 6 configuration whose total rotational transform is designed to be nearly flat to avoid low order resonances, as shown in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equilibrium-flux-surfaces-at-6-b-calculated-by-pies-1584rpva.png Fig. 3. Equilibrium flux surfaces at 6% β calculated by PIES viewed at the toloidal planes corresponding to the full and half period for the configuration given in Fig. 1, illustrating the excellent integrity of the flux surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-external-dashed-and-total-solid-rotational-transform-2ha4epy4.png Fig. 2. External (dashed) and total (solid) rotational transform as function of the normalized toroidal flux S (~r2/a2) for the configuration given in Fig. 1. The total transform includes the internal contribution due to bootstrap currents equivalent to a magnitude of 0.043 MA/T-m expected at 6% β. Note that the total rotational transform lies between 0.5 and 0.6. The lowest order resonances are m=11, n=2, m=16, n=3 and m=17, n=3 per field period. They mostly appear near the axis where the size of islands will be negligibly small. https://scispace.com/papers/real-options-and-system-dynamics-approach-to-model-value-of-liyx4zsiv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-process-model-for-conflicts-disputes-and-claims-cdc-17dzwj8l.png Figure 4: Process Model for Conflicts, Disputes and Claims (CDC) Occurrence and Resolution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-project-specific-dispute-resolution-ladder-drl-4g1qp90y.png Figure 1: Project-specific Dispute Resolution Ladder (DRL) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-process-centric-model-of-the-drl-process-1rnzl07q.png Figure 5: Process Centric Model of the DRL Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-project-number-of-cco-at-each-adr-level-in-1x8pxe77.png Table 1: Example Project – Number of CCO at Each ADR Level in the DRL Versus Probability of Resolution https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-project-effect-of-change-in-probability-of-1zh4g7w3.png Table 2: Example Project – Effect of Change in Probability of Resolution on Time, Cost and Value of Investment in the DRL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-case-study-project-model-output-34ue4zmt.png Figure 9: Case Study Project – Model Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analogy-between-a-financial-market-stocks-with-1is03xhe.png Figure 2: Analogy between: a) financial market (stocks with dividends); b) real market (capital investment project with exogenous competitive entry); and c) DRL model (CCO occurrence and resolution during the construction phase of the project) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphical-user-interface-project-input-data-bridge-md205gxw.png Figure 6: Graphical User Interface – Project Input Data (Bridge Photos in the interface obtained from MTC 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/real-macroeconomic-stability-and-the-capital-account-in-4ei5ds41pq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-2-sectoral-output-shares-1995-prices-2b4fjenx.png Table VI.2 Sectoral output shares, 1995 prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-ih-l-main-ceilings-on-afp-holdings-1981-92-36o88nco.png Table IH.l Main ceilings on AFP holdings, 1981-92 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2-total-factor-productivity-1950-2002-annual-rates-12wpyltl.png Table II.2 Total factor productivity, 1950-2002 (annual rates of change) 48 Seeking Growth under Financial Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1-latin-a-m-erica-s-grow-th-and-volatility-1950-3ee52p4b.png Table II.2 Total factor productivity, 1950-2002 (annual rates of change) 48 Seeking Growth under Financial Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-growth-of-gdp-per-components-1990-2003-26-seeking-2bq049w4.png Table 1.2 Growth of GDP per components, 1990-2003 26 Seeking Growth under Financial Volatility https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-communication-for-distributed-vision-processing-2ctinliwj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-memory-access-protocol-of-accuracy-driven-memory-1vzrpydx.png Figure 1. Memory Access Protocol of Accuracy-driven Memory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-timing-of-read-and-write-26nm5rd4.png Figure 5. Timing of Read and Write https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-influence-of-change-of-write-cycle-1rufy266.png Figure 6. Influence of Change of Write Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-accuracy-1b1tipwc.png Figure 7. Influence of Accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-node-to-node-communication-3n6uec3e.png Figure 4. Node-to-node Communication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-programming-interface-for-imprecise-computation-2toylfwc.png Figure 3. Programming Interface for Imprecise Computation Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-read-protocol-of-other-method-gt6bc4i4.png Figure 2. Read Protocol of Other Method https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-detection-of-bursts-in-neuronal-cultures-using-a-4knrjo31ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-neuromorphic-system-a-picture-depicting-the-13sypyxt.png Figure 2: The neuromorphic system. A) Picture depicting the entire neuromorphic setup: 1) NAS implemented on the AER-Node board, 2) audio input, 3) 3.3V-to-1.8V adapter PCB, 4) SpiNNaker board, 5) SpiNNaker-to-PC ethernet interface. B) Block diagram of the setup used for the neuromorphic system, where I2S stands for Integrated Interchip Sound; FSM, for Finite State Machine; REQ, for Request; and ACK, for Acknowledge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-comparison-between-all-burst-detection-383susza.png Figure 5: Qualitative comparison between all burst detection methods. Spikes are depicted in grey (all methods, excluding VI and NPS, used spikes to detect bursts). The two signals on the bottom of the figure represent the raw (on which the NPS approach was tested) and the high-pass filtered data (on which we performed the spike detection - using PTSD as described in section 2.3.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-training-classes-a-first-2-seconds-of-33wpt4jc.png Figure 8: Comparison of training classes. A) First 2 seconds of raw signal from the training set. B) First two seconds of ”non-bursting” training set. C) First two seconds of ”bursting” activity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistical-differences-p-0-05-using-kruskal-wallis-1akg56hh.png Table 3: Statistical differences, p<0.05, using Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni post hoc correction. Data referred to Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-nps-vi-and-all-the-spike-based-3z7x04i9.png Figure 4: Comparison between NPS, VI and all the spike-based methods. A) Number of burst events detected in 5 minutes for all the 14 recordings belonging to the test set. B) Average burst duration for all the 14 recordings. C1) Qualitative comparison of the cross correlation functions for all methods vs VI (for all the 14 recordings). The top left panel represents the auto-correlation functions of VI. C2) Max Peak values of all the correlation functions reported in panel C1. C3) Lags (expressed in seconds) at the peak of the cross correlation functions. For each box plot, the central line indicates the median and the box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles. Whiskers represent the 5th and the 95th percentiles. Y-axis breaks were done to allow for the visualization of all data points in panel C3. The statistical analyses were carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni post-hoc correction. See Table 2 for the exact p values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-differences-p-0-05-using-kruskal-wallis-3rmscyv5.png Table 2: Statistical differences, p<0.05, using Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni post hoc correction. Data referred to Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-qualitative-comparison-between-all-raw-based-burst-nsvqs6kg.png Figure 7: Qualitative comparison between all raw-based burst detection methods. On the left, 300s recording from one of the test set electrodes. The two signals on the bottom of the figure represent the raw (on which the NPS approach was tested) and the high-pass filtered data. The dotted rectangle shows the 10s detail reported on the right. In this case, the len method was not able to identify any burst event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-nps-vi-and-all-the-raw-based-1mx29v1s.png Figure 6: Comparison between NPS, VI and all the raw-based methods. A) Number of burst events detected in 5 minutes for all the 14 recordings belonging to the test set. B) Average burst duration for all the 14 recordings. C1) Qualitative comparison of the cross correlation functions for all methods vs VI (for all the 14 recordings). The top left panel represents the auto-correlation functions of VI. C2) Max Peak of all the correlation functions reported in panel C1. C3) Lags (expressed in seconds) at the peak of the cross correlation functions. For each box plot, the central line indicates the median and the box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles. Whiskers represent the 5th and the 95th percentiles. Y-axis breaks were done to allow for the visualization of all data points in panel C3. The statistical analyses were carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni post-hoc correction. See Table 3 for the exact p values. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-forecasts-and-risk-assessment-of-novel-coronavirus-20q8v509ln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-possible-causal-variables-3m6lq0uz.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of possible causal variables and the response variable of CFR dataset for 50 countries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-arima-residuals-for-different-countries-a-29xoks22.png Figure 1: Plots of ARIMA residuals for different countries: (a) Canada; (b) France; (c) India; (d) South Korea; and (e) the UK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rmse-and-mae-values-for-different-forecasting-models-1148y506.png Table 2: RMSE and MAE values for different forecasting models on five time series (training data only) data sets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-figures-of-a-actual-vs-predicted-hybrid-arima-wbf-1nwet0dk.png Figure 5: Figures of (a) Actual Vs. predicted (Hybrid ARIMA-WBF Model) values for South Korea COVID19 data; (b) Real-time forecasts (10 days) of the number of cases for South Korea https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-figures-of-a-actual-vs-predicted-hybrid-arima-wbf-2f02meea.png Figure 6: Figures of (a) Actual Vs. predicted (Hybrid ARIMA-WBF Model) values for the UK COVID-19 data; (b) Real-time forecasts (10 days) of the number of cases for the UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimal-tree-representing-the-relationships-between-1csft0yt.png Figure 8: Optimal tree representing the relationships between the causal variables and CFR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variable-importance-percentages-affecting-the-cfr-33pmb347.png Figure 7: Variable Importance Percentages affecting the CFR based on a complexity parameter in RT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-training-datasests-and-corresponding-acf-pacf-plots-1snqk0c2.png Table 1: Training datasests and corresponding ACF, PACF plots for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-ip-10-measurements-as-a-new-tool-for-inflammation-1u1kq3ht3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-dynamic-clinical-decision-support-18fxymh1.png Figure 1: Overview of dynamic clinical decision support protocol employed for managing SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to a COVID-19 dedicated medical center (Rabin Medical Center, HaSharon, Israel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ip-10-levels-reflect-personalized-corticosteroid-2b96757n.png Figure 5: IP-10 levels reflect personalized corticosteroid dosing (both increase and decrease) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-status-of-the-12-icu-patients-21iqvi1r.png Table 2: Status of the 12 ICU patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-initiation-of-corticosteroid-therapy-was-reflected-1rezi5qh.png Figure 4: Initiation of corticosteroid therapy was reflected by a decrease in IP-10 levels (ICU patients, n = 12) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mortality-correlates-with-the-number-of-days-ip-10-19k53wko.png Figure 3: Mortality correlates with the number of days IP-10 >1000 pg/ml in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (n = 52, upper panel) and among the subset of ICU patients (n = 12, lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ip-10-levels-are-significantly-higher-in-viral-1k4xnuvn.png Figure 2: IP-10 levels are significantly higher in viral infections associated with pulmonary pathology https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-covid-19-patients-total-n-52-non-icu-w6v3myxh.png Table 1: Demographics of COVID-19 patients (total n = 52), non-ICU (n = 40) and ICU (n = 12) https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-measurement-of-ring-rolling-geometry-using-low-55zwkwo54f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-image-processing-algorithm-35q3x38w.png Fig. 4. The image processing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-masked-image-19tfardh.png Fig. 5. The masked image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-cropped-image-with-tool-regions-manually-2colkgo3.png Fig. 3. The cropped image with tool regions manually identified. The turquoise and magenta points control the translation of these tool regions as the outer edge grows in diameter. In this example the cropped image has a resolution of 611× 643. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-exemplary-data-from-a-run-of-the-machine-without-3vnconi8.png Fig. 10. Exemplary data from a run of the machine without forming. The Y displacement direction is the vertical direction in the images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-image-with-the-points-identified-as-true-edges-of-1mgeygqr.png Fig. 9. The image with the points identified as true-edges of the ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plasticine-r-c-ring-rolling-machine-showing-the-trdjt6e6.png Fig. 1. The Plasticine R© ring rolling machine showing the white Plasticine R© ring. The supporting rollers hold the weight of the ring. The conic axial forming rollers and the radial forming rollers are all in contact with the ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-image-captured-by-the-webcam-overlaid-with-the-1i0muwms.png Fig. 2. The image captured by the webcam overlaid with the manually chosen regions of interest. The ring typically oscillates vertically with some rotation about the right hand radial roll gap when the angular velocities of the rollers are equal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-section-of-the-region-boundary-plotted-as-radius-3cg90vah.png Fig. 8. A section of the region boundary plotted as radius against angle where a specular highlight has falsely been identified as Plasticine R©. The interpolated points are sparse along the radial direction, but are dense where the boundary is circular. The limits, based on the interpolated mean and standard deviation, show the acceptable range of edge points. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-mobile-facial-expression-recognition-system-a-case-4dghfiv82k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-ck-dataset-left-to-right-anger-disgust-2t5lhhv2.png Figure 3: Examples of CK+ dataset: (left to right) anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise expression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-computation-time-comparison-in-different-parameters-2ni2mian.png Figure 7: Computation time comparison in different parameters such as minimum width of face - 25% and 50% on Galaxy S3, and 50% on Nexus 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshot-of-mobile-app-for-real-time-facial-drgolf00.png Figure 4: Screenshot of Mobile app for real time facial expression recognition. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-visual-servoing-1rehm294y9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-y-coordinates-triangulated-from-vision-bullets-and-33j2f96v.png Figure 8: Y coordinates: Triangulated from vision (bullets) and predicted (straight lines), oval trajectory. https://scispace.com/papers/real-world-approach-to-actinic-keratosis-management-206zuuu5ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-ak-treatments-iemiz1ki.png Table 2. Comparison of AK treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-practical-algorithm-for-the-treatment-of-ak-ak-2m4tf7d0.png Figure 5. Practical algorithm for the treatment of AK. AK, actinic keratosis; iSCC, invasive squamous cell carcinoma. *Pre-treatment (e.g., curettage, laser ablation) to remove hyperkeratosis. †Discharge and follow-up patient if treatment success is achieved; move patient to different AK treatment if treatment success is not achieved. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ak-patients-at-high-risk-of-progression-to-invasive-3va94yly.png Table 1. AK patients at high risk of progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma or metastatic disease. https://scispace.com/papers/recall-of-previously-unrecallable-information-following-a-4acudbmi1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportions-of-all-idea-units-recalled-on-the-first-1ot8x2io.png Table 1 Proportions of all Idea Units Recalled on the First Test at each Importance Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportions-recalled-of-idea-units-whose-importance-3hrulu3d.png Table 2 Proportions Recalled of Idea Units Whose Importance Varied as a Function of Perspective --Experiment I https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proportions-recalled-of-idea-units-whose-importance-3bzrwrek.png Table 3 Proportions Recalled of Idea Units Whose Importance Varied as a Function of Perspectives--Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportion-of-perspective-relevant-and-dbk4wp09.png Figure 1. Proportion of perspective-relevant and perspectiveirrelevant information recalled on the first test. https://scispace.com/papers/reassessing-the-validity-of-slow-wave-dynamics-as-a-proxy-5br9fuwip6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-d2-dynamics-are-visible-throughout-the-thalamus-and-11wbuyiz.png Figure 4: δ2 dynamics are visible throughout the thalamus and cortex and are altered following thalamic silencing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evidence-for-two-distinct-d-bands-1uj5rxyz.png Figure 2: Evidence for two distinct δ bands https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recovery-following-sd-reveals-a-d-band-5g1jtoaw.png Figure 5: Recovery following SD reveals a δ-band heterogeneity in humans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topographical-characteristics-of-time-and-frequency-euib21tq.png Figure 1: Topographical characteristics of time and frequency analysis of NREMS SWs before and after sleep deprivation (SD) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d1-and-d2-behave-differently-following-enforced-and-3dga9o90.png Figure 3: δ1 and δ2 behave differently following enforced and spontaneous extended waking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-d2-dynamics-typify-a-physiologically-different-j3hqc4bd.png Figure 6: δ2 dynamics typify a physiologically different NREMS sub-state https://scispace.com/papers/recell-spray-on-skin-system-for-treating-skin-loss-scarring-3v23nh8wgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-methodology-of-additional-studies-1vhd8ugq.png Table 3: Summary of methodology of additional studies included by the external assessment centre https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-manufacturers-base-case-for-costs-in-each-treatment-gu491t7j.png Table 7: Manufacturer’s base case for costs in each treatment arm https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-resource-inputs-to-the-manufacturers-base-case-jn91p93r.png Table 6: Resource inputs to the manufacturer’s base case economic model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-intervention-and-comparator-defined-in-jbb7p5kl.png Table 1: Population, intervention and comparator defined in the NICE evaluation scope https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-study-methodology-of-manufacturers-e79ky6i4.png Table 2 Summary of study methodology of manufacturer’s included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-clinical-inputs-to-the-manufacturers-base-case-3t5nfmxp.png Table 5: Clinical inputs to the manufacturer’s base case economic model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-included-studies-categorised-for-the-decision-140wbrvs.png Table 4: Included studies categorised for the decision problem groups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tree-diagram-for-the-manufacturer-s-economic-model-21ybsra0.png Fig 1: Tree diagram for the manufacturer's economic model (part) https://scispace.com/papers/receiver-driven-layered-multicast-2ov624gndk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-latency-scalability-25ogr3n6.png Figure 9: Latency Scalability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-rlm-sample-path-3vdgu1n5.png Figure 4: An RLM “sample path” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-superposition-3nzla2cu.png Figure 13: Superposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-topologies-4f27x3mw.png Figure 7: Simulation Topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-receiver-protocol-state-machine-15b6dspb.png Figure 6: The receiver protocol state machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shared-learning-2b7l8m79.png Figure 5: Shared Learning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rate-of-convergence-32bwywf1.png Figure 11: Rate of Convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-bandwidth-heterogeneity-1bqz01au.png Figure 12: Bandwidth Heterogeneity. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-the-design-of-conventional-fc6zhs15k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-rounds-of-the-des-the-most-famous-block-cipher-it-3gmfva2s.png Fig. 2. Two rounds of the DES, the most famous block cipher. It has the Feistel structure. E denotes the linear expansion of the 32 input bits to 48 input bits, ⊕ denotes the bitwise exor with the round key, S is the nonlinear substitution and P is the bit permutation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-in-clock-cycles-per-block-of-output-and-2mua12tz.png Table 1. Performance in clock cycles per block of output and Mbit/s of several additive stream ciphers, hash functions, and block ciphers on a 90 MHz Pentium. All implementations are written in assembly language, and their level of optimization is comparable. Code and data are assumed to reside in the on-chip caches (except for Snefru, Tiger, and SHARK, that require more data memory than the 8K of the primary data cache). Only the required memory for tables is listed. Some algorithms require additional memory for storing the state and possibly the round keys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-round-of-shark-a-block-cipher-with-the-uniform-148up3x2.png Fig. 1. One round of SHARK, a block cipher with the uniform transformation structure. The nonlinear layer is implemented with eight parallel S-boxes. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-hypernuclear-research-at-the-brookhaven-ags-48q4pnu1kx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-yray-spectrum-from-a-b-in-the-a-bound-state-region-10c0agbq.png Fig. 7. The yray spectrum from A B in the (a) bound state region, -12<BA<+6 MeV and (b) from the region 6<BA<24 MeV. The (K,ir) coincidence window is 80 ns wide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-apparatus-for-the-lifetime-measurement-3s10lgg7.png Fig. 11. Experimental apparatus for the lifetime measurement on 12 c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detection-of-the-y-ray-from-the-lka-ir-y-reaction-2a04j8rg.png Fig. 6. Detection of the Y-ray from the 'LKa.ir'Y) reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dwba-predictions-for-the-o-k-reaction-on-c-3inr5mup.png Fig. 10. DWBA predictions for the O +,K +) reaction on C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-kinematics-of-n-compared-to-k-tt-for-a-ca-target-1fw68klr.png Fig. 8. Kinematics of (n" compared to (K~, TT~) for a ** Ca target. https://scispace.com/papers/receptor-tyrosine-kinases-and-drug-resistance-development-50d1wfjf01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-layout-of-migration-a-and-invasion-b-assays-1pmjaqa3.png Fig. 2 Schematic layout of migration ( a ) and invasion ( b ) assays and the images of migrated/invaded cells stained with crystal violet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-layout-of-wound-healing-assay-in-a-6-well-1k2d1du7.png Fig. 1 Schematic layout of wound healing assay in a 6-well plate https://scispace.com/papers/recipe-based-engineering-and-operator-support-for-flexible-16uncwq17v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-recipe-and-process-modelling-in-the-knowledge-model-17lrof9u.png Fig. 3. Recipe and process modelling in the knowledge model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resource-modelling-in-the-knowledge-model-39goqdgo.png Fig. 4. Resource modelling in the knowledge model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-demonstration-set-up-of-flexible-manufacturing-based-2eedqxv1.png Fig. 5. Demonstration set-up of flexible manufacturing based on the knowledge model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flexible-operator-support-system-with-instruction-o0fe9nsl.png Fig. 1. Flexible operator support system with instruction projection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-product-modelling-in-the-knowledge-model-1bc4zcz0.png Fig. 2. Product modelling in the knowledge model. https://scispace.com/papers/recombinant-immunotoxin-4d5scfv-pe40-for-targeted-therapy-of-22eqffki4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-skov-kat-cell-expressing-the-red-fluorescent-loksnjuo.png Fig. 2. The SKOV-kat cell expressing the red fluorescent protein TurboFP635 (red). The cell nucleus is counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Expression of the HER2 receptor on the cell surface is confirmed by staining with complexes of quantum dots and the anti-HER2 antibody 4D5scFv [21] (green). The bar is 10 µm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-recombinant-immunotoxin-4d5scfv-pe40-the-1k1hktd0.png Fig. 1. Scheme of recombinant immunotoxin 4D5scFv-PE40. The following encoding regions are shown: ompA (white) is a signal peptide ensuring secretion of the desired recombinant protein to the periplasmic space; His 6 (green) is an oligohistidine peptide; 4D5scFv (blue) is the anti-HER2-antibody 4D5scFv; H (gray) is a flexible hydrophilic linker of the hinge region of mouse IgG (16 a.a.); PE40 (lilac) is a fragment of wild-type exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (domains II, Ib, and III); K (orange) is the KDEL oligopeptide https://scispace.com/papers/recommendations-based-on-social-links-4k738woazi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-5-summary-of-various-social-link-based-recommendation-iebf7lbh.png Fig. 12.5. Summary of Various Social Link-based Recommendation Algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-2-types-of-target-items-in-social-link-based-10vzw7vy.png Fig. 12.2. Types of Target Items in Social Link-based Recommendations (some applications data provides several types of items) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-3-data-sources-of-social-link-based-recommendations-26sw58hz.png Fig. 12.3. Data Sources of Social Link-based Recommendations (some studies used several data sources) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-7-an-interactive-graph-explaining-recommendations-2lu2sekg.png Fig. 12.7. An Interactive Graph Explaining Recommendations using Users’ Favorite Information and their Friends [63] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-1-various-dimensions-of-social-link-based-2p70o3n2.png Fig. 12.1. Various Dimensions of Social Link-based Recommendations (The solid lines denote direct interactions with recommendation algorithms and the dotted lines represent indirect association with recommendation algorithms.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-6-objective-evaluation-criteria-used-in-social-link-1v8znb6a.png Fig. 12.6. Objective Evaluation Criteria Used in Social Link-based Recommendations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-4-types-of-social-links-employed-in-personalized-s02oopdb.png Fig. 12.4. Types of Social Links Employed in Personalized Recommendations (Some approaches were based on more than one kind of social networks) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-2-various-indications-of-users-opinions-2r4o7gs7.png Table 12.2. Various Indications of Users’ Opinions https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-architecture-for-network-flow-analysis-3l8g9b2cjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-throughput-with-different-link-speeds-3psvnlix.png TABLE I THROUGHPUT WITH DIFFERENT LINK SPEEDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-me-netflow-system-cli-and-gui-respectively-denote-110zc50n.png Fig. 1. ME NetFlow System. CLI and GUI, respectively, denote command line interface and graphical user interface. BGP block supports BGP routing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-resource-requirements-for-monitoring-large-numbers-3lgri5uk.png TABLE IV RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING LARGE NUMBERS OF FLOWS SIMULTANEOUSLY https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-effects-of-a-removing-current-fpga-device-38llwe0v.png TABLE III EFFECTS OF (A) REMOVING CURRENT FPGA DEVICE CONSTRAINTS AND (B) OPTIMIZATION OF MODULES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-me-backend-3p71no1z.png Fig. 2. ME backend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hardware-and-software-system-overview-ng2uambd.png Fig. 3. Hardware and software system overview. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architecture-of-the-hardware-components-of-the-1hk2etru.png Fig. 4. Architecture of the hardware components of the combined measurement engine. https://scispace.com/papers/reconfiguration-of-traffic-grooming-optical-networks-5g4k4wlgit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cumulative-objective-function-for-dumbbell-22csf3ra.png Figure 4. Cumulative objective function for dumbbell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cumulative-objective-function-for-barbell-kb0m29wa.png Figure 5. Cumulative objective function for barbell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-objective-function-for-unidirectional-3tkw89qq.png Figure 3. Cumulative objective function for unidirectional ring https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-physical-and-virtual-connectivity-node-n-311fz6jf.png Figure 1. Physical and virtual connectivity, node n https://scispace.com/papers/reconnaissance-estimates-of-recharge-based-on-an-elevation-1ud7v3267o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domain-of-study-area-coordinates-utm-zone-11-nad27-3sh4uavs.png Figure 1. Domain of study area (coordinates UTM Zone 11, NAD27). https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-comparison-of-underlying-factors-in-recharge-26qot7kf.png Table 11. Comparison of underlying factors in recharge calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-recharge-rates-of-borehole-pairs-located-in-and-3typn9gw.png Table 5. Recharge rates of borehole pairs located in and adjacent to a wash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-examples-of-subsurface-chloride-profiles-obtained-289eb8wy.png Figure 10. Examples of subsurface chloride profiles obtained during the course of this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-relationship-of-drainage-environment-to-chloride-2v4gy7w4.png Figure 13. Relationship of drainage environment to chloride-based calculations of recharge rates and ages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-graph-of-equations-from-table-7-and-the-validation-3v13cynn.png Figure 22. Graph of equations from Table 7 and the validation equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-isohyetal-map-simulated-by-prism-coordinates-utm-1l98nq03.png Figure 2. Isohyetal map simulated by PRISM (coordinates UTM Zone 11, NAD27). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-alluvial-sediments-vs-all-other-264dgsvk.png Figure 5. Distribution of alluvial sediments vs. all other geologic formations and the locations of soil chloride sample points. Scale of the figure prevents identification of small alluvial deposits sampled by the higher-elevation boreholes. https://scispace.com/papers/reconfiguring-knowledge-management-combining-intellectual-4u9dwamzts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-reconfigured-model-of-knowledge-management-fd64eso5.png Figure 5 A reconfigured model of knowledge management https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categorisation-of-organisations-according-to-the-3h29gecq.png Table 1 Categorisation of Organisations according to the focus on the dimensions of intellectual capital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-spiral-of-knowledge-in-the-seci-model-nonaka-39r9xy1s.png Figure 3 The spiral of knowledge in the SECI model (Nonaka – Takeuchi 1995) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-unified-knowledge-creation-model-nonaka-et-al-3s6rrfpo.png Figure 4 The unified knowledge creation model (Nonaka et al. 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-value-platform-model-1-2wajhnjr.png Figure 1 The value platform model 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intangible-assets-in-the-general-view-of-the-3fkdnrdu.png Figure 2 Intangible assets in the general view of the company https://scispace.com/papers/reconsidering-the-impact-of-the-environment-on-long-run-2kr3chg11e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-parameters-values-knq9a5og.png Table 1. Benchmark parameters values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-estimations-for-log-utility-along-the-bgp-222xpbq5.png Table 2. Numerical estimations for log utility along the BGP https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-numerical-estimations-for-s-1-3-3ay45w80.png Table 4. Numerical estimations for σ = 1.3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numerical-estimations-for-s-0-75-xzvjokey.png Table 3. Numerical estimations for σ = 0.75 https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-galaxy-spectral-energy-distributions-from-334h5clr2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-hdf-catalog-with-74-galaxies-z-1-35-were-used-to-3nhhw5i2.png Fig. 6.— The HDF catalog with 74 galaxies z < 1.35 were used to reconstruct spectral templates. The eigentemplates were iterated from random parameters using an orthogonal base of 20 Legendre polynomials (sampled at 450 Å resolution). The solid line shows the first eigenspectrum derived from the data and the dashed and dotted lines the second and third eigenspectra respectively. Even given the low resolution nature of the output spectra the break at 4000 Å and the rise in the ultraviolet continuum due to the presence of star formation are clearly visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-photometric-redshift-estimation-using-the-three-tpix9em0.png Fig. 7.— The photometric redshift estimation using the three reconstructed eigenspectra from the HDF photometric catalog (see Figure 4). This analysis gives a smaller dispersion in the photometric redshifts relation, σz = 0.077, than that derived by Fernandez-Soto et. al. (1999), σz = 0.095, using the four Coleman, Wu and Weedman (1980) (CWW) model/empirical spectral energy distributions. Polynomial photometric redshift estimation technique (Connolly et al 1995) gave σz = 0.14 and σz = 0.062 with first and second order polynomials respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-photometric-uncertainty-on-the-1nsl5r5b.png Fig. 3.— The effect of photometric uncertainty on the reconstruction of the first eigenspectrum. The filled circles show the reconstruction if there were no photometric errors within the data. The triangles, squares and open circles show the effect of increasing photometric errors within the data to 5%, 10% and 20% respectively. With a large number of galaxies the underlying eigenspectra that describe the galaxy distribution can be reconstructed to a high degree of accuracy even with relatively low signal-to-noise data. The multiplex advantage of having many galaxies sampling the same spectral intervals means that we have a resultant increase in the overall signal-to-noise of the output spectra (i.e. we are essentially coadding the data to beat down the noise). Since the long tails of the spectra are reconstructed using information only from highest and lowest redshift galaxies, the first signs of the error show up there. When calculating magnitudes the convolution with the filters partly averages out these fluctuations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-photometric-redshift-estimation-using-two-21vbxu4p.png Fig. 8.— The photometric redshift estimation using two reconstructed eigenspectra from the HDF photometric catalog including high redshift objects also. Despite of the small number of high redshift objects in the training set the estimated templates give better photometric redshifts (σz = 0.34), than that derived by Fernandez-Soto et. al. (1999), (σz = 0.40), using the CWW spectral energy distributions. Removing the extreme outliers (∆z > 1.0) the dispersion decreases to σz = 0.17 and σz = 0.22 for the estimated and CWW templates respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-photometric-redshift-relation-derived-from-the-fm0wi3s4.png Fig. 4.— The photometric-redshift relation derived from the simulated data set using a range of signal-to-noise ratios. The panels, from left to right and top to bottom, show the effect of 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% errors in the photometric data. For the analysis it was assumed that each of the photometric passbands had an identical signal-to-noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-convergence-of-the-relative-error-as-a-function-of-3aw5qsjy.png Fig. 2.— The convergence of the relative error as a function of the number of iterations for the reconstruction of the galaxy eigenspectra. The relative error decreases rapidly and by the 50th iteration varies by < 0.1% from one iteration to the next. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-photometric-redshift-relation-for-the-simulated-hg61tb68.png Fig. 5.— The photometric redshift relation for the simulated data set where the eigenspectra have been defined using a set of photometric data with 20% errors in the flux and then applied to a data set with 0% error in the flux. The dispersion about this relation is σz = 0.05 which is comparable to the σz = 0.02 found for the ideal dataset. This validates the analysis shown in Figure 3 where, even with large photometric errors, we can reconstruct the underlying eigensystem with a very high degree of accuracy. The uncertainty in the resultant photometric redshift relation is, therefore, dominated by the signal-to-noise of the data we wish to apply it to. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-left-hand-panel-shows-the-first-eigenspectrum-1kt285ym.png Fig. 1.— The left hand panel shows the first eigenspectrum (solid line) used to generate a simulated photometric catalog. The filled circles represent the reconstructed eigenspectrum derived from the multicolor photometry. The reconstruction was undertaken using 20 Legendre polynomials as the basis functions sampled at 20 points (i.e. with a resolution of approximately 1000 Å). The expansion coefficients, bjl (see Equation 3), for the Legendre polynomials were were initialized with random values. The reconstructed spectrum shown above was achieved after 50 iterations. The right hand panel shows the second eigenspectrum and the corresponding second reconstructed eigenspectrum. The rms deviation between the original and reconstructed eigenspectra is 6.98% and 6.99% for the first and second eigenspectra respectively https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-social-interactions-using-an-unreliable-4pt6cyq42u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-wsn430-sensor-node-3w172z1q.png Figure 5: A WSN430 sensor node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-simplistic-schematic-of-a-wsn430-node-2fjsfavz.png Figure 4: A simplistic schematic of a WSN430 node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-map-of-the-service-of-infectious-and-tropical-15u4rtub.png Figure 3: A map of the Service of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SMIT) at the Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital (Paris, France) together with the fixed sensor node locations (red circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-right-derivative-of-the-reversed-cumulative-3qwngw21.png Figure 11: Right derivative of the reversed cumulative distribution of intercontacts durations in different rooms. The vertical line indicates 180s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contributions-of-visits-per-room-and-duration-to-5glmng4s.png Figure 12: Contributions of visits, per room and duration, to the total of visits and durations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-illustration-of-the-reconstruction-protocol-n1hjunsd.png Figure 10: Illustration of the reconstruction protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rssi-thresholds-2rlhmudb.png Table 1: RSSI Thresholds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proximity-detection-parameters-2murcgdp.png Table 2: Proximity detection parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-hyperspectral-cutaneous-data-from-an-2oqozx7lg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asclepios-system-description-7p2bt68m.png Figure 1. ASCLEPIOS system description https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synopsis-of-the-spectral-model-of-the-acquisition-295heq28.png Figure 2. Synopsis of the spectral model of the acquisition process in a multispectral system. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-interfaces-of-periodic-multilayers-from-x-4gnqarg6mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gixrr-of-a-conventional-lan-b-multilayer-red-curve-1du7do6i.png Figure 4 GIXRR of a conventional LaN/B multilayer (red curve) and modified LaN/La/B multilayer with a 0.3 La interlayer above B layer (blue curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fit-of-the-experimental-gixrr-curves-for-a-lan-b-3m8oio2t.png Figure 5 Fit of the experimental GIXRR curves for (a) LaN/B and (b) LaN/La/B multilayers. Calculated curves are shown in solid lines, experimental curves in yellow points, bottom subplots show residuals between calculated and experimental curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-profile-during-fit-shown-on-each-1jlc5jcv.png Figure 1 Evolution of 𝛿-profile during fit. Shown on each subplot are two consecutive periodic parts of the multilayer. Goodness of fit value (𝜒2) by eq. (3) for each step is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-multiple-profiles-obtained-from-the-fitting-k0sresud.png Figure 6 The multiple 𝛿-profiles obtained from the fitting procedure for LaN/B and LaN/La/B structures with 0.3 nm La interlayers. Two consecutive periodic parts are shown. Error corridors for profiles with 11 sublayers are added. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reproduction-of-profiles-from-fig-2a-with-the-blue-3lweoyu0.png Figure 3 Reproduction of 𝛿-profiles from Fig. 2A with the blue group of profiles inverted. Green curve – 𝛿-profile of the original model, red curves – the first group of solutions, blue – the second group of solutions with the inverted depth axis. After the inversion the interface slopes become almost the same for both groups of solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fit-of-the-gixrr-curve-from-artificially-generated-1fkv5dno.png Figure 2 Fit of the GIXRR curve from artificially generated data with typical experimental limitations applied. A) Green – 𝛿-profile of the original model, red – the first group of solutions, blue – the second group of solutions. B) Top part: Yellow dots – original GIXRR curve from the generated data, red curve - best fit from the first group of solutions, blue – best fit from the second group of solutions. Bottom part: Red - residual between the original GIXRR and the best fit from the first group of solutions, blue – residual between original GIXRR and best fit from the second group of solutions. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-purine-metabolism-in-bacillus-subtilis-to-398q2cf98n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-representation-of-isolation-of-the-purh-1qwpzbt9.png Fig. 3. A schematic representation of isolation of the purH gene deletion using the method described in [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-de-novo-purine-nucleotide-biosynthesis-in-b-subtilis-1x2i3y03.png Fig. 1. De novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis in B. subtilis. Representative enzymatic steps of de novo purine biosynthesis are shown by the corresponding gene designations. Abbreviations: PRPP - 5’-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, PRA-5’-phosphoribosylamine, GAR - 5’-phosphoribosylglycineamide, FGAR - 5’-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide, FGAM - 5’- phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamidine, AIR - 5’-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole, CAIR - 5’-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole, SAICAR - 5’-phosphoribosyl-4 (N- succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole, AICAR-P - 5’- phosphoribosyl - 4-carboxamide-5- aminoimidazole, FAICAR - 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide, IMP - inosine 5’-monophosphate, AICAR - 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-schematic-representation-of-cloning-procedure-of-e-195lz3p3.png Fig. 4. A schematic representation of cloning procedure of E. coli prs and purF genes under the control of the B. subtilis rpsF gene promoter in the plasmid pDG268, and their integration into the B. subtilis chromosome. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-of-structural-organization-of-the-b-subtilis-1x8a95vw.png Fig. 2. Scheme of structural organization of the B. subtilis pur-operon and its regulation. Top: relative location of the 12 linked structural genes that constitute the pur-operon and unlinked purR gene, encoding a repressor of pur-operon. Bottom: the leader region of pur-operon, including binding sites for the repressor protein PurR, binding site for RNA polymerase (-35 ; - 10), transcription start (+1), the terminator of transcription (hairpin structure) and the ribosome binding site (SD); the dotted line denotes deletion of the leader region of pur-operon (∆T-purE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacteria-and-plasmids-used-in-the-present-study-15qjurf9.png Table 1. Bacteria and plasmids used in the present study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nucleotide-sequence-of-the-rpsf-gene-promoter-10-and-2xt0l5tg.png Fig. 5. Nucleotide sequence of the rpsF gene promoter. -10 and -35 regions shown in bold uppercase. Positions +1 defined as transcription start of pur-operon. The UP-element of the promoter is boxed. The nucleotide sequence of the primers used for cloning of the promoter are marked in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-construction-stages-of-aicar-producing-strains-and-l54s42nb.png Fig 6. Construction stages of AICAR-producing strains and their productivity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primers-used-in-this-study-1hdia5i8.png Table 2. Primers used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-ultrasound-rf-echoes-modeled-as-stable-27mp932gdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characteristic-exponent-a-estimated-both-in-time-and-7ih8t6ht.png Fig. 3. Characteristic exponent, α , estimated both in time and in frequency for successive RF lines of an ultrasound image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-rf-signal-modeling-with-sas-distributions-a-an-cty5xecu.png Fig. 2. Example RF signal modeling with SαS distributions. (a) An RF signal in time domain (α = 1.36). (b) The real part of its 1D Fourier transform (α = 0.71). The SαS model offers a very accurate fit in both cases but the distribution in the Fourier domain has heavier tails, which correspond to a much lower value of α . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-monte-carlo-simulations-demonstrating-that-in-general-1hwtqzky.png Fig. 4. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrating that, in general, reconstruction errors are minimized when the value of p is just below α . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-sas-probability-density-functions-for-a-1-250ticc0.png Fig. 1. Example SαS probability density functions for α = 1 (Cauchy, dash-dot), 1.5 (dash), and 2 (Gaussian). The dispersion parameter is kept constant at γ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reconstruction-errors-for-one-rf-line-sampled-at-33-uku4xb4r.png Fig. 6. Reconstruction errors for one RF line sampled at 33%. Top to bottom: original signal and reconstructed using Lasso, SαS-IRLS, SαS-IRLS in the Fourier domain, and IRLS with dual prior respectively. Left column: RF lines; right column: the corresponding errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-objective-evaluation-of-four-reconstruction-methods-2azr18g8.png TABLE I OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF FOUR RECONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR ULTRASOUND IMAGES FROM RF FRAMES WITH SAMPLING RATES OF 33% AND 50% RELATIVE TO THE ORIGINAL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstruction-results-for-a-thyroid-ultrasound-image-y0iyhxjj.png Fig. 5. Reconstruction results for a thyroid ultrasound image using 33% of the number of samples in the original. (a) B-mode ultrasound image. (b) Reconstruction with Lasso. (c) SαS-IRLS reconstruction. (d) SαS-IRLS in the Fourier domain. (e) Fourier domain IRLS with dual prior. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-the-eruptive-activity-on-the-ne-sector-of-50m64c6ad9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spiaggia-lunga-beach-sequence-angular-unconformity-271tmmf8.png Fig. 3 Spiaggia Lunga beach sequence. Angular unconformity contact between a 3 m thick lava flow belonging to the Spiaggia Lunga unit (below), from which the sample S110 was collected, and the Vallonazzo unit (above), from which the sample S72b derives. The cliff is about 30 m thick https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-view-from-nw-of-the-punta-labronzo-coastal-cliff-21b40son.png Fig. 4 View from NW of the Punta Labronzo coastal cliff, formed by Neostromboli volcanics, as reported in the geological map of Keller et al. (1993). The white line indicates the base of the lava flow from which sample S108 was collected (white star), at about 100 m of elevation. The feeder vent of this lava flow is not visible in this image but is located uphill. The lava flow is clearly cut by the cliff comprising the eastern scar of the Sciara del Fuoco (cfr. Fig. 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sio2-vs-a-mgo-b-sr-c-zr-d-ni-for-the-volcanics-studied-34h8vvuo.png Fig. 8 SiO2 vs. a MgO, b Sr, c Zr, d Ni for the volcanics studied in this paper. Symbols and literature data as in Fig. 5. The Nel Cannestrà analyses from Hornig-Kjarsgaard et al. (1993) plotted in Fig. 5 are here included in the Neostr-M and Neostr-EV compositional fields. All data have been recalculated to 100% on a water-free basis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-geographic-location-of-stromboli-island-b-dem-of-3aeoncl1.png Fig. 1 a Geographic location of Stromboli Island. b DEM of Stromboli island, with the red square indicating the study area represented in c. c geological map of the study area and location of the samples. In the legend of the geological map: a=lava flow, b=scoria cone and c=spatter ramparts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-backscattered-images-collected-at-the-scanning-fum495a5.png Fig. 6 Backscattered images collected at the scanning electron microscope of: a biotite embedded in a vesiculated groundmass; b biotite located in the inner wall of a vesicle; c apatite enclosed in a clinopyroxene phenocryst; d apatite in a glassy groundmass https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rose-diagram-showing-azimuth-of-the-eight-eruptive-2xwc6bz1.png Fig. 9 Rose diagram showing azimuth of the eight eruptive fissures recognised on the NE flank of Stromboli. The azimuths are plotted based on the number of fissures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-stratigraphic-section-of-the-ne-flank-of-1mh7iugs.png Fig. 7 Schematic stratigraphic section of the NE flank of Stromboli Island with the relative position of the lithostratigraphic units described in this paper, and their corresponding 40Ar/39Ar geochronology data from Wijbrans et al. (2010). The geological periods follow Hornig-Kjarsgaard et al. (1993) and Keller et al. (1993). The 2 ka* age is from Arrighi et al. (2004) and Speranza et al. (2008). OS Osservatorio formation; SF Sentiero dei Fiorentini; RO Roisa; SV San Vincenzo; LA Labronzo; SL Spiaggia Lunga; VA Vallonazzo; NC Nel Cannestrà; SA Serro Adorno; PI Piscità; SB San Bartolo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-punta-frontone-site-showing-the-contact-between-the-n01skjg6.png Fig. 2 Punta Frontone site showing the contact between the units of Labronzo and Serro Adorno, and the location of the Labronzo feeder dike. The location of the analysed samples (S112, S114 and S115b) are shown with white stars. The angular unconformity and erosional surface separating the Labronzo and Serro Adorno units is also shown (white line). The cliff is about 100 m thick https://scispace.com/papers/recreational-fishing-depredation-and-associated-behaviors-o5bv48gttb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-area-surveyed-routinely-for-sarasota-bay-dolphin-tnxee602.png Figure 1. Area surveyed routinely for Sarasota Bay dolphin community residents. Sarasota Bay and surrounding waters are located on the central west coast of Florida. Piers/jetties monitored are marked with stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-dolphin-human-interaction-rates-for-the-x5rf71fn.png Figure 3. Monthly dolphin-human interaction rates for the Sarasota Bay dolphin community based on routine photo-identification surveys from 2000 to 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yearly-standardized-dolphin-human-interaction-rates-351yx4z1.png Figure 2. Yearly standardized dolphin-human interaction rates (HI rate), the percent of the dolphin population entangled or engaged in depredation or associated behaviors per year (Yearly HI dolphins), and the percent of the dolphin population seen entangled or engaged in depredation or associated behaviors cumulatively since 2000 (Cumulative HI dolphins). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mean-number-of-dolphins-and-the-mean-number-of-12v3ki6f.png Figure 5. The mean number of dolphins and the mean number of fishing lines (rigged with either bait or lures) by month during pier/jetty surveys from May to July 2007 and October 2007 to April 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-control-and-human-interaction-hi-focal-dolphins-21ie7uzd.png Table 2. Control and human-interaction (HI) focal dolphins selected for focal follows in summers of 2007 and 2008. Mother’s names with “∗” were documented to engage in depredation or associated behaviors. (BEGR’s birth year is a minimum based on date of first observation.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-working-definitions-of-depredation-and-associated-2oy60e70.png Table 1. Working definitions of depredation and associated behaviors created to quantify human interaction (HI) behaviors when interacting with boaters, anglers, fishing vessels, or fishing piers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overall-mean-activity-budgets-for-control-n-8-and-36kfej5i.png Figure 4. Overall mean activity budgets for control (n = 8) and human interaction (HI) (n = 8) focal dolphins compiled from summer 2007 and 2008 focal follows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-class-and-sex-distribution-of-dolphins-that-were-3jqr7ck4.png Table 3. Age class and sex distribution of dolphins that were observed entangled or engaged in depredation or associated behaviors in Sarasota Bay (2007). https://scispace.com/papers/rectifying-properties-and-photoresponse-of-cvd-diamond-p-i-n-1g9y1myuup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iv-characteristics-obtained-on-four-different-1r45ln8k.png Figure 1 IV-characteristics obtained on four different homoepitaxial mesa structured p(i)n-diodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photoresponse-of-four-single-homoepitaxial-mesa-p-i-2fzlqs16.png Figure 2 Photoresponse of four single homoepitaxial mesa p(i)n-diodes, and the combined response of three mesas of Set 1. https://scispace.com/papers/recurrent-neural-networks-for-fuzz-testing-web-browsers-16qfevfpaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-overview-for-a-stacked-rnn-with-2-recurrent-3tj0pf0d.png Fig. 2: Model overview for a stacked RNN with 2 recurrent layers (either LSTM or GRU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-validation-loss-for-models-of-different-2casmtct.png Fig. 3: Average validation loss for models of different complexity (i.e. number of layers) models and dataset splits. Error-bars indicate the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-similarity-between-all-the-models-the-dataset-and-2cm4jnbk.png Fig. 7: The similarity between all the models, the dataset and mutation-based fuzzer in terms of their overlapping basic blocks for test cases with 128 HTMLtags. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-uniquely-discovered-basic-blocks-that-were-r231e033.png Fig. 6: Number of uniquely discovered basic blocks that were not triggered by the best performing dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-number-of-uniquely-discovered-basic-blocks-on-a-7z88vfcf.png Fig. 5: Total number of uniquely discovered basic blocks on a per model basis. The dataset coverage area and the different mutation sets are included as baselines with the mutation probability indicated on the right vertical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classic-fuzzing-workflow-for-finding-security-related-225c96wd.png Fig. 1: Classic Fuzzing Workflow for finding security related flaws https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-error-rate-per-html-tag-generated-by-the-lstm-zpb6m8nn.png Fig. 4: Average error rate per HTML-tag generated by the LSTM and GRU based model in comparison to the datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/recurrent-dissemination-of-sars-cov-2-through-the-uruguayan-50h71g8la4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatiotemporal-dissemination-of-sars-cov-2-h4zwblf4.png Figure 4. Spatiotemporal dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 Uruguayan-Brazilian clades. Uruguayan-Brazilian clades inferred on the time-scaled bayesian phylogeographic MCC tree (Figures S2 and S3) plotted independently. Branches are colored according to the most probable location state of their descendant nodes as indicated at the legend. Posterior probability/Posterior state probability support values are indicated at key nodes. Synonymous (black) and non-synonymous (red) substitutions fixed at ancestral nodes are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-within-host-diversity-in-synapomorphic-sites-for-qqi86ue1.png Figure 5. Within host-diversity in synapomorphic sites for the SARS-CoV-2 clades BR-UY-I33 and BR-UY-II33. A) Alternative allele frequencies for the clade BR-UY-I33, as observed from trimmed bam files, are shown. Positions and annotation follow Wuhan’s reference sequence MN908947; corresponding gene annotation and mutation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-uruguay-and-rio-grande-do-sul-brazil-2qa150o0.png Figure 1. A) Map of Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) showing the distribution of samples included in the study. Sampling locations in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul are marked in red and blue, respectively. Uruguayan departments bordering Brazil are explicitly named. Additionally, towns/cities within those departments are marked; BUN: Bella Unión, ART: Artigas, RIV: Rivera, CEL: Rio Branco, TYT: Treinta y Tres and CHY: Chuy. B) Prevalence of the different SARS-CoV-2 lineages detected in Uruguayan departments at the border region and in Rio Grande do Sul. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-major-sars-cov-2-uruguayan-237xnykt.png Figure 2. Identification of major SARS-CoV-2 Uruguayan-Brazilian clades. ML phylogenetic trees of A) 86 B.1.1.33 and B) 23 B.1.1.28 genomes obtained in this study along with 492 and 275 worldwide reference sequences of the respective genotypes available in GISAID database. Tip circles are colored according to the sampling location. Node supports (aLRT) values at key nodes are represented by (*). Shaded boxes highlight the position of clusters BR-UY-I33, BR-UY-II33, BR-RS-I33, BR-UY-I28, TT-I33, RI-I33, RI-II33 and AR-I28. The tree was rooted on midpoint and branch lengths are https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-migration-events-during-worldwide-dissemination-of-1vg1bxft.png Figure 3. Migration events during worldwide dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33. The picture depicts the migration events in SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.28 A) (n = 298 sequences) and B.1.1.33 B) (n = 578 sequences) inferred by ancestral character reconstruction obtained through a ML method implemented in PastML. Each node in the network is associated with a location and accompanied by the number of sequences connected by neighboring nodes with similar reconstructed location. Reiterated migration events are represented by links in which its number of occurrences are indicated. The light brown arrow points out an event inferred only through ML methods. AF: Africa, AS: Asia, AU: Australia, BR: Brazil, EU: Europe, NA: North America, SA: South America, UY: Uruguay. https://scispace.com/papers/recursive-filtering-for-communication-based-train-control-3ubbnulyz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-high-speed-train-2n7x0vnc.png TABLE I: Parameters of the high speed train https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-the-train-3s22mpok.png Fig. 2: Diagram of the train https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-gradient-angle-of-the-track-1bzepxes.png TABLE II: Gradient angle of the track https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-velocity-tracking-trajectories-1da4fgzy.png Fig. 6: The velocity tracking trajectories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-typical-system-structure-of-cbtc-118v4316.png Fig. 1: The typical system structure of CBTC https://scispace.com/papers/red-scare-2-0-user-generated-ideology-in-the-age-of-jeremy-305y7mjv69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-louise-menschs-anti-semitism-tweet-e69eeh4z.png Figure 4: Louise Mensch’s anti-Semitism tweet https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ideological-topics-in-the-public-discourse-about-1f8miara.png Table 1: Ideological topics in the public discourse about Jeremy Corbyn https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asserted-causes-and-consequences-of-jeremy-corbyns-1v3x1jc5.png Table 2: Asserted causes and consequences of Jeremy Corbyn’s politics in ideological Corbyn discourses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-twitter-critique-of-the-bbc-panorma-documentary-re6wcwu9.png Figure 2: A Twitter-critique of the BBC Panorma documentary on Corbyn that uses visual dialectical reversals by showing images of Gordon Brown and Tony Blair with Gaddafi, Blair with Assad, and Thatcher with Pinochet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-comedian-david-schneiders-response-to-anti-3c77l1t9.png Figure 5: The comedian David Schneider’s response to anti-Corbyn discourse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-instructions-for-suggestacorbynsmear-circulated-on-3tu6ikwi.png Figure 1: Instructions for #suggestacorbynsmear circulated on Twitter https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-most-active-and-most-mentioned-users-in-the-corbyn-27lflohm.png Table 3: Most active and most mentioned users in the Corbyn-dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-how-the-corbyn-anti-semitic-friend-of-36sz8gsj.png Figure 3: An example of how the Corbyn = anti-Semitic friend of terrorists and Britain’s enemies was challenged on Twitter https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-adaptability-but-no-fundamental-disruption-of-norm-495l2xg00l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-an-adapting-stimulus-identity-anti-bob-6q7jr4c4.png Figure 2. Example of an adapting stimulus identity, Anti-Bob, at three intensity levels: 60%, 100%, 140% (left column). The eye- and lip-change versions of these stimuli that appeared during the change-detection task are also shown (right columns). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-identity-aftereffects-for-each-adaptor-oygk5cu6.png Figure 3. Mean identity aftereffects for each adaptor strength and participant group. Individual data points are also shown for all participants. SEM bars are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatterplots-showing-positive-associations-between-1nd95ovf.png Figure 4. Scatterplots showing positive associations between face identity aftereffects and face recognition ability in autistic participants (left) and in age- and ability-matched typical (right) participants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-product-moment-correlations-of-face-identity-2w3lhxp8.png Table 3. Pearson product-moment correlations of face identity aftereffects (AEs) with face recognition ability (CFMT-C), non-face (car) recognition ability (CCMT-C) and face-selective recognition ability, for the typical and autism groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simplified-2-dimensional-face-space-with-two-wg6gp1y6.png Figure 1. A simplified (2 dimensional) face space with two faces, Dan and Jim, an Average face (created by morphing 20 male, Caucasian faces) and two antifaces, antiDan and antiJim. An antiface is made by morphing a face towards, and beyond, the Average, and has opposite properties to that face. Reduced-identity-strength versions of Dan and Jim, created by morphing those identities towards the Average, are also shown. Identity aftereffects occur when exposure to a face biases subsequent perception towards a face with opposite properties. For example, after viewing antiDan for a few seconds, we are biased (briefly) to see Dan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-face-and-non-face-uugeqrc2.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics for face and non-face recognition performance (percent correct). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-chronological-age-3k6kvwa8.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for Chronological Age, Cognitive Ability (PIQ, VIQ), Lifetime SCQ and ADOS-2 scores. https://scispace.com/papers/redshift-evolution-of-the-dynamical-properties-of-massive-3bbzdxgvko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-panel-cosmos-re-ser-as-a-function-of-pipeline-17nn302g.png Figure 2. Left panel: COSMOS Re,Ser as a function of pipeline SDSS Re coded in terms of redshift. Middle panel: COSMOS Re,Ser as a function of rescaled SDSS Re (used in the present work) coded in terms of redshift. Symbols are as in Figure 1. Right panel: distribution of the ratio between SDSS rescaled Re and COSMOS Re,Ser for the four redshift bins in Figure 1. Histograms contain also discarded objects but not multiple systems. Legends in each panel give the number of galaxies used in the derivation of the size correction including objects discarded in the iterative 2σ clipping (multiple systems are not included in this number). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-panels-distribution-of-mdyn-with-bdyn-6-3-left-12s6yqqa.png Figure 7. Top panels: distribution of Mdyn (with βdyn = 6.3, left panel) and M (right panel) for various redshift bins, normalized to the peak value in each bin. The BOSS mass distributions are fairly uniform over the redshift range under analysis (see also Figure 10 in Maraston et al. 2013). Local early-types from SDSS-II are selected to have the same stellar mass distribution of the lowest BOSS redshift bin. Dotted black lines indicate the ±1σ of the mass distributions adopted for the present analysis. Bottom left and right panels: distributions in stellar velocity dispersion distribution and effective radius. The progenitor-bias correction has been applied in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-same-as-figure-8-but-no-correction-for-progenitor-1j0icmq8.png Figure 15. Same as Figure 8, but no correction for progenitor bias. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-the-effective-radii-derived-in-this-iwaorjtp.png Figure 3. Histogram of the effective radii derived in this work (after size correction), in arcseconds (left panel) and kiloparsecs (right panel) for various redshift bins as color-coded in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-same-as-figure-7-but-no-homogenization-between-the-2nqe1bwo.png Figure 16. Same as Figure 7, but no homogenization between the mass distributions of the local sample from SDSS-II and the sample from SDSS-III/BOSS. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-same-as-figure-8-but-no-homogenization-between-the-kvkj3kj0.png Figure 17. Same as Figure 8, but no homogenization between the mass distributions of the local sample from SDSS-II and the sample from SDSS-III/BOSS. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-of-the-ages-for-different-redshift-bins-1zyc13xn.png Figure 6. Histograms of the ages for different redshift bins, evolved to the highest redshift bin by subtracting the look-back time, which are used to apply the progenitor-bias cut (see the text for details). Galaxies in the shaded region, i.e., with an age below 3 Gyr, have been discarded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fitting-parameters-for-the-redshift-evolution-of-1uz3868z.png Table 4 Fitting Parameters for the Redshift Evolution of Galaxy Parameters between 0.1 z 0.55 without Progenitor Bias Correction https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-coupling-of-water-molecules-near-the-surface-of-2197rn53j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-anisotropy-dynamics-following-a-narrow-bandwidth-l5c0n3rb.png Fig. 4 Anisotropy dynamics following a narrow bandwidth excitation at 3590 cm 1 (a) and 3430 cm 1 (b) at the wavelengths of asymmetric and symmetric modes for d = 1 nm (blue circles) and 10 nm (red diamonds) reverse micelles. Solid curves present (bi)exponential fits to the experimental data points with time constants of 300 fs and 20 ps (panel a, blue curve), 300 fs (panel a, red curve), 600 fs (panel b, blue curve), 150 fs (panel b, red curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectrally-resolved-anisotropy-obtained-for-1-nm-size-3an47gb5.png Fig. 3 Spectrally-resolved anisotropy obtained for 1 nm size, water-filled reverse micelles with narrow-bandwidth excitation pulses centered at 3590 cm 1 (a) and 3450 cm 1 (b). The delay times are: 50 fs (red circles), 250 fs (blue squares), and 1 ps (green triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-spectra-of-10-nm-red-curve-and-1-nm-blue-byrqdjlx.png Fig. 1 Absorption spectra of 10 nm (red curve) and 1 nm (blue curve) diameter reverse micelles in the OH stretching mode region. Solid curves show absorption of the H2O-filled reverse micelles while the dashed green curve represents the absorption spectrum of 1.6 nm diameter micelles filled with a 5% solution of HDO in D2O. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-carbon-emissions-of-households-through-monetary-24b8ri77p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-sample-of-included-1wv62lxk.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample of included studies 91 https://scispace.com/papers/reductive-termination-of-cyanoisopropyl-radicals-by-copper-i-3au4zml9x7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dft-estimated-gibbs-free-energies-dg298-15-mecn-1m-3cabl0q7.png Table 5. DFT-estimated Gibbs’ free energies (ΔG298.15,MeCN,1M in kcal/mol) for the formation of [CuI(L)n(CH3CN)]+, [CuI(L)n(H2O)]+, and [CuII{CMe2(CN)}(L)n]+ from [CuI(L)n]+ plus CH3CN, H2O or Me2C•(CN), respectively (L = Me6TREN and TPMA, n = 1; L = BIPY, n = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-selected-structural-parameters-distances-in-a-angles-2iwi1lx9.png Table 6. Selected structural parameters (distances in Å, angles in degrees) for the optimized [CuII(L)n(CMe2CN)]+, [CuII(L)n(N=C=CMe2)]+, [CuI(L)n(CH3CN)]+ and [CuI(L)n(H2O)]+ structures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-thermal-decomposition-of-aibn-in-the-3dlxocdx.png Table 1. Results of the thermal decomposition of AIBN in the absence of copper complexes.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-thermal-decomposition-of-aibn-in-the-33qornmk.png Table 4. Results of the thermal decomposition of AIBN in the presence of CuI/BIPY systems.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-isobutyronitrile-ibn-3ltw1tb4.png Figure 1. Observed isobutyronitrile(iBN)/tetramethylsuccinonitrile(dimer) ratio for the AIBN decomposition in the presence of 200 equivalents of CH3OH or CD3OD and the [CuI(L)]+ complexes (L = (BIPY)2, Me6TREN, TPMA) in CD3CN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-views-of-all-optimized-paramagnetic-structures-with-38rbpz49.png Figure 2. Views of all optimized paramagnetic structures with the main Mulliken spin densities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-the-thermal-decomposition-of-aibn-in-the-3dj08rdr.png Table 7. Results of the thermal decomposition of AIBN in the presence of [Et3NH]+ salts as proton donors and different CuI/L systems.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-thermal-decomposition-of-aibn-in-the-1e7y2dnh.png Table 3. Results of the thermal decomposition of AIBN in the presence of CuI/TPMA systems.a https://scispace.com/papers/reductive-carboxylation-supports-redox-homeostasis-during-wvdo5u12qo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reductive-glutamine-metabolism-in-spheroids-a-mass-1epdqaof.png Figure 1 | Reductive glutamine metabolism in spheroids. a, Mass isotopologue analysis of citrate in H460 cells cultured with [U-13C] glucose and unlabelled glutamine (n = 3 cultures from a representative experiment). b, Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of cells grown in monolayer or spheroid culture (n = 10 monolayer cultures and 11 spheroids from a representative experiment). c, Western blot for total (t) and phosphorylated (p, Ser 293) PDH, and PDH kinase-1 (PDK1). d, Mass isotopologue analysis of citrate in cells cultured with [U-13C]glutamine and unlabelled glucose (n = 3 cultures from a representative experiment). e, Evolution of citrate mass isotopologues in spheroids cultured with [U-13C]glutamine (n = 2 cultures for each time point). f, Citrate m+4 and m+5 isotopologues in monolayer and spheroid cultures of A549, HT-29 and MCF7 cells cultured with [U-13C]glutamine (n = 3 A549 monolayer cultures; n = 4 cultures for all other conditions). Complete mass isotopologue distributions are shown in Supplementary Table 1. All data represent mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05, Welch’s unequal variances t-test. All experiments were repeated 3 times or more. https://scispace.com/papers/reevaluating-interrater-reliability-in-offender-risk-4ubuf9ryqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-about-here-2y8ptuvq.png TABLE 3 ABOUT HERE https://scispace.com/papers/reevaluating-suitability-estimates-based-on-dynamics-of-2txvh25sqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-suitability-estimates-for-cropland-expansion-in-mato-1hyo2wwy.png Fig. 4. Suitability estimates for cropland expansion in Mato Grosso from 2002 to 2012: (a and b) Soares-Filho et al. (2014); (c and d) Global Agro-Ecological Zones Version 4 (IIASA/FAO, 2011); (e and f) Jasinski et al. (2005). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimates-of-suitability-for-areas-in-compliance-with-20cgsvkn.png Fig. 5. Estimates of suitability for areas in compliance with Brazil’s Forest Code (Soares-F entire microwatershed, although only a portion of these areas could support legal crop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-year-of-cropland-expansion-a-and-average-utilization-b-1xm673by.png Fig. 1. Year of cropland expansion (A) and average utilization (B), defined as the fraction o Mato Grosso (2001–2012). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-slope-data-for-existing-croplands-2001-2013-and-pac-in-28ucqqze.png Fig. 6. Slope data for existing croplands (2001–2013) and PAC in the Amazon region of Mato Grosso under two policy scenarios, compliance with the FC and the combined impact of SM and FC restrictions on cropland expansion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-cropland-expansion-and-utilization-of-croplands-ur2nncv4.png Fig. 2. Annual cropland expansion and utilization of croplands established between 2002 illustrate the distance between existing crop production and cropland expansion areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-utilization-of-croplands-established-before-2002-and-2mub4t8w.png Fig. 3. Utilization of croplands established before 2002 and areas of recent cropland expansion (2002–2007) in the Amazon and Cerrado areas of Mato Grosso. https://scispace.com/papers/refinement-aware-generation-of-attack-trees-3ukrbs0fsz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-attack-tree-generation-process-for-the-sp-2l6obcs4.png Fig. 6. The attack-tree generation process for the SP-semantics given in Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gen-bin-tree-generates-correct-and-binary-attack-trees-2nv9pgxy.png Fig. 5. Gen-Bin-Tree generates correct and binary attack trees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-generated-attack-tree-for-the-network-example-1ypkx8wv.png Fig. 8. Generated attack tree for the network example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transition-rules-for-the-example-a-a1-p-a-m-m1-pm-t-p-1w80ooix.png Fig. 7. Transition rules for the example (a, a1 P A, m,m1 PM , t P T and r P R). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-biclique-is-a-greedy-heuristic-that-approximates-the-3kupmvjr.png Fig. 2. Biclique is a greedy heuristic that approximates the edge biclique problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-human-designed-attack-tree-representing-possible-3lxdpmvg.png Fig. 1. A human-designed attack tree representing possible threat scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-biclique-is-a-greedy-heuristic-that-approximates-the-3stnmyu5.png Fig. 4. Biclique is a greedy heuristic that approximates the edge biclique problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-the-execution-of-biclique-on-graph-g-the-1iorvdoe.png Fig. 3. An example of the execution of Biclique on graph G. The vertex with maximum degree chosen in this execution is al. The resulting graph is already a biclique. https://scispace.com/papers/refinement-operators-and-information-flow-security-3da3evd54n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-operational-rules-for-spa-1xuwhahf.png Figure 1. The operational rules for SPA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-operational-semantics-of-the-memory-cell-m-x-i99v9adi.png Figure 2. The operational semantics of the memory cell M x. https://scispace.com/papers/refining-a-taxonomy-of-goals-for-older-adults-with-1dwgeq3xl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participating-sites-1kbldba0.png Table 1. Participating Sites. https://scispace.com/papers/reframing-learning-to-teach-diversity-multicultural-1gnf83b2q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-participants-5mpju04b.png Table 1 Research Participants https://scispace.com/papers/refundable-annuities-annuity-options-2gr2qkyfqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pattern-of-period-one-annuity-purchases-1ez2wfe5.png Figure 1 Pattern of Period One Annuity Purchases https://scispace.com/papers/regenerative-circuits-for-rapid-biosensing-3evsnel7yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-overview-biw2e8w1.png Figure 4. Architecture overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-9-b-rail-to-rail-comparator-operation-spice-result-lht20ing.png Figure 7. 9-b rail-to-rail comparator operation SPICE result. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-response-time-variation-with-temperature-5l01ie9y.png Figure 9. Response time variation with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-core-regenerative-circuits-a-comparator-b-wta-1y10hwek.png Figure 6. Core regenerative circuits (a) comparator, (b) WTA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparator-components-275ugt2x.png Figure 5. Comparator components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-comparator-offset-2evd2k11.png Figure 8. Simulated comparator offset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-wta-operation-simulation-with-1-winner-and-1-loser-29j7axm1.png Figure 10. WTA operation simulation with 1 winner and 1 loser. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-sensor-cell-electronics-1uy92xnj.png Figure 2. Block diagram of sensor cell electronics. https://scispace.com/papers/regeneration-savings-in-coherent-optical-networks-with-a-new-3npdg7qytk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eor-savings-r-red-and-under-estimation-u-blue-versus-1dq9hg61.png Fig. 4: EOR savings R (red) and under-estimation U (blue) versus target SNR S0 (i.e., modulation format) at the first-WB in the US network 4, at R = 28Gbaud on SMF fiber. Other data as in Fig. 2. Solid: ideal DBP. Dashed: no DBP. R and U averaged over 100 simulations up to first WB; average load u = 0.46. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reach-under-estimation-u-of-fl-rwa-1-with-respect-to-1d8v9w2k.png Fig. 3: Reach under-estimation U of FL RWA 1 with respect to proposed load-dependent RWA versus load u in a DU SMF link (D = 17ps/nm/km) with W = 81 WDM DP-QPSK (S0 = 9.8dB), at SNR blocking probability PSB = 10−3, with 100km/span, S = 2span/hop, η = R ∆f = 0.8, F = 4dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contours-of-snr-blocking-probability-at-level-psb-10-3-1bt9vk1n.png Fig. 2: Contours of SNR-blocking probability at level PSB = 10−3 versus power P and number of spans Ns at load values u = [0, 0.1, 0.6 , 1]. All pairs (P,Ns) inside each contour yield Pr{SNR(P,Ns,u) < S0} ≤ PSB , with SNR over signal bandwidth S0 = 9.8dB (DP-QPSK at BER=10−3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-off-lightpath-process-on-p-th-wavelength-2zwq54c8.png Fig. 1: ON-OFF lightpath process on p-th wavelength. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-carbon-pricing-for-international-maritime-transport-28q59ia2w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-options-for-regional-carbon-pricing-by-geographical-2orm7t7w.png Table 1. Options for Regional Carbon Pricing by Geographical Scope and Accounting Unit, and Existing Proposals https://scispace.com/papers/regional-growth-differences-in-china-for-1995-2013-an-5fpefe2jvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principal-components-analysis-1995-2013-eigenvalues-37vhzj5g.png Table 2. Principal Components Analysis: 1995-2013 Eigenvalues: (Sum = 5, Average = 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eigenvector-loadings-1995-2013-2mm3x5b2.png Table 3. Eigenvector Loadings: 1995-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ordinary-correlations-36cgqbx8.png Table 1. Ordinary Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regional-regression-analysis-of-principal-components-2u6acjml.png Table 4. Regional Regression Analysis of Principal Components: 1995-2013 https://scispace.com/papers/region-based-iterative-reconstruction-of-structurally-34vf8kdif8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rmse-after-40-iterations-for-the-plexiglas-phantom-uabvjiex.png TABLE II RMSE AFTER 40 ITERATIONS FOR THE PLEXIGLAS PHANTOM https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rmse-after-100-iterations-for-all-simulated-phantoms-34q1d6v9.png TABLE I RMSE AFTER 100 ITERATIONS FOR ALL SIMULATED PHANTOMS (ROWS) AND FOR DIFFERENT METHODS (COLUMNS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rmse-per-point-in-time-for-reconstructions-after-100-19abpi59.png Fig. 8. RMSE per point in time for reconstructions after 100 iterations for phantom 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-d-ground-truth-for-the-time-varying-region-for-all-2h3xf1de.png Fig. 6. (a)–(d) Ground truth for the time-varying region for all simulation phantoms. (e) Initial estimate for simulation experiments with the region inconsistency minimization algorithm. In all figures, white pixels belong to the time-varying region and black pixels belong to the stationary region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-convergence-of-the-different-methods-for-phantom-4-1u4so5oy.png Fig. 7. The convergence of the different methods for phantom 4. (a) RMSE as a function of iteration number. (b) PD as a function of iteration number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-projection-process-cbd1otgj.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the projection process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-illustration-of-the-combination-of-the-two-datasets-26d3bwmm.png Fig. 11. Illustration of the combination of the two datasets, consisting of 600 projections each, into one single dataset, consisting of only 150 projections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-region-estimate-after-region-inconsistency-1tsniybv.png Fig. 10. Region estimate after region inconsistency minimization. Red indicates misclassified pixels, green indicates correctly classified pixels. The corresponding rNMP is also indicated for every region estimate. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-variations-in-emergency-service-performance-does-2rm9ej3lqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-social-capital-2004-09-26lyyivu.png TABLE 2 Social capital (2004-09) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-emergency-response-times-for-3m6eqjru.png TABLE 6 Determinants of emergency response times for ambulance trusts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ambulance-trust-average-emergency-response-times-25woef2h.png TABLE 1 Ambulance trust average emergency response times (2004-09) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-emergency-response-times-for-26u3b0mj.png TABLE 5 Determinants of emergency response times for ambulance trusts https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-main-variables-2ls4xdou.png TABLE 4 Correlations between main variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-variables-included-in-214yjdln.png TABLE 3 Descriptive statistics for variables included in statistical models https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-elements-of-social-capital-and-emergency-response-3nvp5chc.png TABLE 7 Elements of social capital and emergency response times https://scispace.com/papers/registration-of-ir-and-eo-video-sequences-based-on-frame-2jo7lnzgcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-top-head-points-in-two-video-sequences-368yvzvz.png Figure 3. The top head points in two video sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-thresholded-binary-images-from-ssim-maps-are-on-1e3lpum6.png Figure 2. The thresholded binary images from SSIM maps are on the top, the postprocessed results on middle, and on bottom are the extracted contours extracted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-registration-parameters-obtained-by-maximum-mi-vhn7ew52.png Table 1. The registration parameters obtained by maximum MI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-registration-results-top-ir-frames-2nd-row-eo-35ikjlsk.png Figure 6. The registration results. Top: IR frames; 2nd row: EO frames; 3th row: transformed EO frames; bottom: the synthesized images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ssim-measure-on-the-left-column-are-the-ir-u15kcbcb.png Figure 1. The SSIM measure. On the left column are the IR images. Right column is from EO camera. Two adjacent frames and their SSIM map are from the top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-regions-of-interest-from-two-frames-jazfv9da.png Figure 4. The regions of interest from two frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-refined-registration-results-based-on-mi-eda2gxt1.png Figure 5. The refined registration results based on MI. https://scispace.com/papers/regression-analysis-of-covid-19-spread-in-india-and-its-1ocbqf9wo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-regression-model-analysis-of-total-number-of-1h7js7zr.png Figure 2: Linear regression model analysis of total number of cases with total number of deaths and recovered cases, in few representative states in India (data taken up to 26th May 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-polynomial-regression-model-analysis-for-few-30rwdm3f.png Figure 4: Polynomial regression model analysis for few representative states: (a) Total number of cases as a function of training data set since March 21, 2020. (b) Total number of cases as a function of test data from May 08, 2020 to May 19, 2020. Predicted patients from May 20, 2020 to June 02, 2020 are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polynomial-regression-model-analysis-for-india-a-21xbcdcj.png Figure 3: Polynomial regression model analysis for India. (a) Total number of cases as a function of training data set since March 21, 2020. (b) Total number of cases with test data from May 20, 2020 to May 26, 2020. Predicted patients from May 27, 2020 to June 16, 2020 are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-regression-model-analysis-of-total-number-of-358tobhy.png Figure 1: Linear regression model analysis of total number of cases with (a) total number of deaths (b) total number of recovered cases, in India (data taken up to 26th May 2020). https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-microtubule-dynamics-in-3t3-fibroblasts-by-rho-3m6n2qhmgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-drift-and-diffusion-of-the-plus-ends-in-the-1ipaqkyv.png TABLE II. Drift and Diffusion of the Plus Ends in the Interior Region of the Lamella https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-dynamic-instability-of-the-plus-1mj2jn0o.png TABLE I. Parameters of the Dynamic Instability of the Plus Ends in the Interior Region of the Lamella https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-scheme-of-regulation-of-mt-plus-ends-by-cdc42-and-1q1khirx.png Fig. 3. The scheme of regulation of MT plus ends by Cdc42 and Rac1. Here we summarize the data on the known molecular interactions of Cdc42 and Rac1 downstream effectors with MTs and their possible implications for MT dynamics. The RhoA pathway had been extensively discussed elsewhere [Wen et al., 2004] and thus is not reviewed here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-dynamics-of-the-mt-minus-ends-28kp2pve.png TABLE III. Dynamics of the MT Minus Ends https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-rho-gtpases-inactivation-and-activation-on-3tnsxp2s.png Fig. 1. Effects of Rho-GTPases inactivation and activation on the MT network. Live images of MTs in lamellae of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in a control cell(A), 30 min after microinjection of dominant negative Cdc42 protein into cells cultivated in full medium (B), 30 min after microinjection of dominant negative Rac1 protein into cells cultivated in full medium (C), 30 min after microinjection of C3-transferase into cells cultivated in full medium (D), 1 h after addition of 100 nM nocodazole (E), in lamellae of cells serum starved for 2 days (F), 30 min after microinjection of constitutively active Cdc42 protein into serum-starved cells (G), 30 min after microinjection of constitutively active Rac1 protein into serum-starved cells (H), 30 min after microinjection of constitutively active RhoA protein into serum-starved cells (I), 30 min after microinjection of constitutively active RhoA protein into cells cultivated in full medium (J). Free MTs are indicated by arrows. In (A) square box outlines the region of lamella where we analyzed the MT dynamics. We defined lamellae in accordance to Cramer et al. (1997) as flat anterior regions of polarized cells in front of the nucleus. Bar, 10 lm. https://scispace.com/papers/relating-atmospheric-n-2-o-concentration-to-n-2-o-emission-35mb5lbwvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-and-optimized-flux-multiplier-mf-values-4xv99ui9.png Table 2. Experimental and optimized flux multiplier MF. Values in brackets are constrained agricultural emission flux in units of nmol m-2 s-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-characteristics-of-the-mean-modeled-n2o-19dxdjfm.png Figure 5. Spatial characteristics of the mean modeled N2O mixing ratio enhancement during June 1 – 20: (a) modeled results for all hours; (b) modeled results for UTC hours 19 and 20 only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-mixing-height-at-the-kcmp-tower-site-in-194zgv3x.png Figure 6. Simulated mixing height at the KCMP tower site in the present study (blue lines) and in Kim et al. (2013) (grey, black, and green lines) and the NCEP-NARR data (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wrf-chem-model-configuration-1yssvkv2.png Table 1. WRF- Chem model configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationships-of-for-different-model-runs-between-3ixkfg8x.png Figure 2. Relationships of for different model runs between concentration multiplier and experimental flux multiplier. The modeled N2O mixing ratio enhancement C was obtained from default and scaled simulations for 185 m at the KCMP tower. The regression slope in panels a – c is represented by the black circle in panels d – f. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-n2o-mixing-ratio-enhancement-c-2829ozji.png Figure 3. Comparison of N2O mixing ratio enhancement (C) between observation (grey line), default model simulation (red line), and the scaled model simulation (blue line) for the height of 185 m at the KCMP tower site. Periods with south wind (wind direction: 90 – 270º) are marked by dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-the-n2o-monitoring-sites-scope-of-the-2mgyoagg.png Figure 1. Locations of the N2O monitoring sites, scope of the Corn Belt, modeling domains, and the default N2O emission flux in nmol m-2 s-1. KCMP – Minnesota; NWR –Niwot Ridge, Colorado; AMT – Argyle, Maine; BAO – Boulder Atmospheric Observatory, Colorado; LEF – Park Falls, Wisconsin; SCT – Beech Island, South Carolina; WBI – West Branch, Iowa; WKT – Moody, Texas. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlations-between-the-observed-and-scaled-daily-3d89khx1.png Figure 4. Correlations between the observed and scaled daily N2O mixing ratio enhancement (C) at the KCMP tower at 185 m. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-mining-revenue-government-consumption-2dwcjixd8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unit-root-results-1yu1plnk.png Table 1. Unit root results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-var-granger-causality-x8xtn2gt.png Table 5. VAR Granger Causality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-trajectory-of-mining-revenue-government-r4td3pu9.png Fig. 3. The trajectory of mining revenue, government consumption, exchange rate and GDP growth from 1994-2012. Source: Bank of Botswana Statistics annual reports (2004, 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lag-selection-criterion-2cpherma.png Table 4. Lag selection criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lag-selection-for-johansen-cointegration-test-3r234ued.png Table 2. Lag selection for Johansen cointegration test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-johansen-cointegration-test-results-3f64sa9x.png Table 3. Johansen Cointegration test results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-composition-of-mineral-export-2012-source-bank-of-3n5vxghj.png Fig. 1. Composition of mineral export, 2012. Source: Bank of Botswana Statistics annual report (2004, 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rough-diamond-price-in-us-per-carat-for-botswana-3nbga0kg.png Fig. 2. Rough diamond price in US$ per carat for Botswana. Source: http://kimberleyprocessstatistics.org (2014). https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-mineralization-kinetics-and-mechanistic-1diim72jfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-toc-profiles-during-malic-acid-photodegradation-c-toc-3r5mov4r.png Fig. 4. TOC profiles during malic acid photodegradation. (©) TOC of samples; (×) TOC of malic acid and the intermediates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-influence-of-malic-acid-malonic-acid-and-acetic-16v7vhjn.png Fig. 6. The influence of ( ) malic acid, ( ) malonic acid, and ( ) acetic acid adsorp- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shows-the-rate-of-carbon-oxidized-with-time-following-ffhks6ak.png Fig. 1 shows the rate of carbon oxidized with time following illumination of malic acid in the presence of the TiO2 suspension. The experiment was repeated three times with good reproducibility. Malic acid photolysis was not observed in the absence of TiO2 under illuminationnorwas it catalytically degraded in thepresence of TiO2 without illumination (data not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photomineralization-profile-of-malic-acid-in-a-tio2-f1in7r3k.png Fig. 1 shows the rate of carbon oxidized with time following illumination of malic acid in the presence of the TiO2 suspension. The experiment was repeated three times with good reproducibility. Malic acid photolysis was not observed in the absence of TiO2 under illuminationnorwas it catalytically degraded in thepresence of TiO2 without illumination (data not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pka-values-of-parent-and-intermediate-carboxylic-a201vsyj.png Table 1 pKa values of parent and intermediate carboxylic acids in water at 25 ◦C [34]. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-rockwell-c-hardness-and-inelastic-ako3o90sw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-constants-and-hrc-in-fe-analysis-and-2y8m55o6.png Table 1 Material constants and HRC in FE analysis and experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-an-example-of-force-indenter-displacement-1g9jcalx.png Figure 2 shows an example of force – indenter displacement curve. The curve is approximated with a quadratic function as , where cbaP ++= δδ 2 P is the load applied to the indenter and δ is the indenter displacement. In the Brinell analysis with a ball indenter, the curve was not quadratic but a linear relationship was found in the initial loading stage [2]. These results suggest that the type of indenter influences the shape of load – indenter curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compares-the-predicted-hrc-by-eq-6-with-the-fe-2j1dtfaa.png Figure 6 compares the predicted HRC by Eq.(6) with the FE results. In the figure, the hardness of the three materials is superimposed of which the predicted values are calculated using Eq. (6) from the inelastic material constants listed in Table 1. All the hardnesses including the experimental results are correlated within a narrow scatter band of a factor of 1.05. In the correlation in Figure 6, the inelastic material constants are ranged from 588 to 3727 MPa for yσ , from 800 to 1440 MPa for A and 0.2 to 0.6 for n. These ranges mostly cover the actually existing materials suitable for HRC testing. Thus, Eq.(6) is an appropriate equation for predicting HRC from the inelastic material constants for a wide range of matrials. Eq.(6) also indicates that how the inelastic material constants, yield stress and strain hardening coefficient and exponent, influence HRC value quantitatively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-fe-meshes-used-for-the-analysis-an-axi-1thkumky.png Figure 1 shows the FE meshes used for the analysis. An axi-symmetric 2D isoparametric 4-nodes element was used to obtain the relationship between HRC and the inelastic material constants, Figure 1 (a). The same mesh was used for analyzing the critical thickness for the hardness testing. An isoparametric 3D 8-nodes element was used for the analysis of the critical distance from specimen edge, Figure 2 (b). A quarter part of a whole model was meshed in 3D analysis from the symmetry of the model. The circular https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-number-of-contacts-between-previous-1qgey0atts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-and-numbers-of-contacts-to-the-1petanir.png Table 2 – Characteristics and numbers of contacts to the health care professionals among study subjects witha and https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-the-friction-and-microscopic-contact-3oy9p8i9nw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-force-deformation-curves-of-mcs-samples-at-3g35qm1f.png Fig. 6 Average force–deformation curves of MCS samples at different strains a in p-direction and b in i-direction when compressed against the PUR skin model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-setup-for-mcs-sample-preparation-25ev304t.png Fig. 1 Setup for MCS sample preparation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thickness-of-uncompressed-mcs-samples-for-different-spei8h3v.png Table 2 Thickness of uncompressed MCS samples for different strains, measured by means of a micrometer device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-friction-coefficient-of-mcs-samples-sliding-on-smooth-1kcc24dv.png Fig. 12 Friction coefficient of MCS samples sliding on smooth PUR as a function of the apparent contact pressure for strains in a p-direction and b i-direction together with fits according to Eq. (2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dynamic-friction-coefficients-as-a-function-of-sliding-1e111p2s.png Fig. 5 Dynamic friction coefficients as a function of sliding friction cycles for MCS samples at different strains a in p-direction and b in i-direction under dry and wet conditions (experiments with a normal load of 4 N) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-material-ratio-of-mcs-surfaces-as-a-function-of-2tufb3pi.png Fig. 11 Material ratio of MCS surfaces as a function of height (measured from the top of the surface downwards) for samples stretched in a pdirection and b i-direction. Mean values and standard deviations of surface analyses with 10 images are shown together with linear fits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-geometrical-parameters-of-mcs-samples-at-different-27edvkc1.png Fig. 10 Geometrical parameters of MCS samples at different strains: a inlaid yarn distance and b peak-to-valley height https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cross-sectional-profile-blue-curve-extracted-from-the-3e1drtw6.png Fig. 9 Cross-sectional profile (blue curve) extracted from the topographical data of an unstretched MCS sample in order to determine the peak-to-valley height differences, inlaid yarn distances and radii of curvature of the inlaid yarns. The inlaid yarn distance was calculated as the average of long and short distances between two periodic inlaid yarns, and the radii of curvature were determined by fitting circles to the peak regions (highest 20 lm) of the inlaid yarns (red curve segments) (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-unusual-high-temperature-fatigue-crack-3mbhni83et 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-lshr-short-pre-crack-k-increasing-k-incr-test-at-20jznyme.png Figure 13.—LSHR short pre-crack, K increasing (K incr) test at 704 °C and 0.667 Hz at (a) low and (b) higher magnifications. Initial intergranular failure mode followed by sudden transition to mostly transgranular failure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-intergranular-band-width-with-near-c5hr3ln6.png TABLE 2.—COMPARISON OF INTERGRANULAR BAND WIDTH WITH NEAR-THRESHOLD REGION CRACK GROWTH DISTANCE—704 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-me3-load-shed-test-specimen-showing-oxidation-i92qc1m9.png Figure 9.—ME3 load shed test specimen showing oxidation occurring on the γ‘ precipitates present at the grain boundaries: (a) bumpy appearance of exposed grain boundaries due to larger γ‘ precipitates at grain boundaries, (b) oxides on these γ‘ precipitates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-lshr-short-pre-crack-test-performed-at-704-degc-2tqjgspi.png Figure 15.—LSHR short pre-crack test performed at 704 °C and 2 Hz. FCG rates are superimposed on the SEM fractograph. Intergranular failure mode corresponds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-average-oxide-thickness-in-the-constant-k-regime-2nlffh8v.png Figure 23.—Average oxide thickness in the constant K regime segment of the ME3 specimen as function of the distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-load-shedding-fcg-test-results-for-me3-tested-in-4kynj3jf.png Figure 2.—Load shedding FCG test results for ME3 tested in air at 538, 704, and 760 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-me3-intergranular-surface-oxide-layer-in-the-near-tg2hsjxp.png Figure 26.—ME3 intergranular surface oxide layer in the near-threshold regime shown in (a) SEM image and (b) EDS overlayed elemental map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-me3-interrupted-test-section-back-scatter-and-2y8vo6ic.png Figure 24.—ME3 interrupted test section back scatter and elemental EDS maps (a) to (d) of intergranular failure showing prevalence of Cr and Ti rich oxides at the crack tip; “constant ∆K” transgranular mode EDS maps (e) to (h) show oxides leaner in Cr and possibly Ti. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-of-trauma-symptoms-to-amygdala-based-functional-bfumm2lpps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-white-cluster-largely-encompassing-right-amygdala-gpkyutws.png Figure 1. White cluster: (largely encompassing) right amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, & lingual gyrus) showed main effect of increasing amygdala functional connectivity with increasing trauma scores; black frontoparietal cluster: (largely encompassing left middle frontal, inferior frontal, angular gyri, superior & inferior parietal lobes, lateral occipital cortex) showed main effect of decreasing amygdala functional connectivity with increasing trauma scores. TSCC = Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-1o2z3puc.png Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Sample https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-low-temperature-fires-climate-and-2pj45n2r1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ranges-of-monosaccharide-anhydride-ma-composition-16u0grq0.png Figure 2. Ranges of monosaccharide anhydride (MA) composition during selected marine isotope stages (MIS) at an orbital timescale: (a) levoglucosan (LVG), mannosan (MAN) and galactosan (GAL) concentrations; (b) influxes and (c) ratios of the three isomers. Boxplots show median, interquartile ranges (IQR: box), 1.5× the IQR (whisker) and extreme outliers (ticks outside of whiskers) of samples that cover different time spans; MIS 12: 430–424 kyr (n= 5); 11c: 422–406 kyr (n= 8); 8: 256–246 kyr (n= 5); 7e: 242–232 kyr (n= 16); 6: 145– 134 kyr (n= 5); and 5e: 132–117 kyr (n= 18), with blue (orange) boxes marking late glacial (interglacial) periods. (d) Modern MA ratios from observations in aerosol and experimental burning after Fabbri et al. (2009), for comparison with (c). Lines between interglacial and preceding late glacial boxplots indicate different mean values for the two periods according to a nonparametric Wilcoxon test, with stars and + indicating respective p values (see legend in top panel of b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kendalls-t-rank-correlation-coefficients-between-a-5w8tzoeu.png Figure 4. Kendall’s τ rank correlation coefficients between (a) MA influxes (LVG.yr, MAN.yr, GAL.yr) and ratios, L.M = LVG MAN−1 and L.MG = LVG (MAN+GAL)−1, and (b) selected influx and ratio record and selected pollen records. SGB: pollen sum of summergreen boreal forest taxa; Tun.steppe: sum of indicative taxa for (typical glacial) tundra-steppe environment; for further taxa see text and Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-records-of-low-intensity-fires-and-vegetation-at-a-1agg6qi4.png Figure 3. Records of low-intensity fires and vegetation at a centennial timescale. (a) MA influxes against summer insolation (after Laskar et al., 2004); (b) MA ratios against a proxy for past ice-sheet extent (after Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005); and (c) selected pollen records (MIS 6– 5e, 8–7e: this study; MIS 12–11c: after Melles et al., 2012). Tun.steppe (i.e. tundra and steppe taxa reflecting cold and dry glacial conditions): sum of Poaceae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cichoriaceae and Thalictrum pollen; summergreen boreal forest taxa (SGB): sum of Larix, Populus, and Alnus pollen; Pinus s/g. Haploxylon-type pollen (with SGB and Pinus spreading during interglacials); and the Sphagnum spore abundance (representative for peatlands). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aerosol-backward-trajectories-of-summer-2018-as-2ov71sut.png Figure 6. Aerosol backward trajectories of summer 2018 as examples of potential modern analogues for source areas of burning residues being deposited in Lake El’gygytgyn (star) during interglacial summers. The HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model was kindly provided by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory and the READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov, last access: 18 June 2019). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-distribution-of-high-northern-summer-and-zaf3ez9s.png Figure 1. (a) Distribution of high-northern summer- and evergreen boreal forest (light and dark green, respectively) and location of Lake El’gygytgyn (red star). Black lines mark approximate modern continuous permafrost extent (after Williams and Ferrigno, 2012), land cover classification based on data © ESA Climate Change Initiative Land cover project, and land cover CCI, provided via the Centre for Environmental Data Archival (CEDA). (b) Lake El’gygytgyn and location of analysed sediment cores (map: © Landsat-7 image, courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-boxplots-of-vegetation-composition-for-the-marine-1jyiqn8q.png Figure 5. Boxplots of vegetation composition for the marine isotope stages of interest based on pollen samples. MIS 6–5e, 8–7e: this study; MIS 12–11c: after Melles et al. (2012); SGB: sum of Larix, Populus and Alnus pollen; Pinus: P. s/g. Haploxylon-type pollen; trees and shrubs: sum of Betula SGB, Salix, Pinus and Picea; MIS 12: 430–424 kyr (n= 4); MIS 11c: 423–406 kyr (n= 10); MIS 8: 272–243 kyr (n= 11); MIS 7e: 242–193 kyr (n= 21); MIS 6: 190– 134 kyr (n= 37); and MIS 5e: 132–110 kyr (n= 25), with blue (orange) boxes marking late glacial (interglacial) periods. https://scispace.com/papers/relative-affective-blindsight-for-fearful-bodily-expressions-294ne4yuwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detecting-fearful-bodily-expressions-as-a-function-2wj1leiy.png Figure 2. Detecting fearful bodily expressions as a function of SOA values (a) Confidence ratings as a function of SOA values (b) Error bars indicate standard error mean. * = p < .05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visual-representation-of-a-trial-on-the-left-21yvim34.png Figure 1. Visual representation of a trial (on the left), example target and distracter stimuli per detection task (middle right) and the mask (bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/relative-effectiveness-of-various-agents-for-preventing-the-2fnf4dgowp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3iws7apo.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/relative-contributions-of-nutrition-and-inflammation-to-dehz9glc9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assessment-tools-that-have-been-used-to-evaluate-21jx05aa.png Table 1. Assessment Tools That Have Been Used to Evaluate Protein-Energy Malnutrition or Inflammation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-hypothetical-model-of-the-complex-interrelationships-3esc8b15.png Fig 1. A hypothetical model of the complex interrelationships among the predictors (inflammation and malnutrition) and outcomes (quality of life, morbidity, and mortality). https://scispace.com/papers/relative-radiation-sensitivity-of-insulators-stabilizers-and-jb35bg02oy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-gamma-ray-spectrum1-at-inboard-leg-of-etf-toroidal-2mte0llw.png Table II - Gamma Ray Spectrum1 at Inboard Leg of ETF Toroidal Field Coil, Assuming 2.4 MW/m Wall Loading and 82-cm-Thick SS-BH 0 Shield. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-conversion-factors-rads-per-n-cra2-using-engholm1s-pl4ksw3y.png Table IV - Conversion Factors (rads per n/cra2) Using Engholm1s ETF Spectrum1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-relative-radiation-sensitivity-of-magnet-materials-1jvr43xo.png Table V - Relative Radiation Sensitivity of Magnet Materials at Inboard Leg of ETF Toroidal Field Coil https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-chemical-compositions-used-for-six-insulators-wt-3pblcg3n.png Table III - Chemical Compositions Used for Six Insulators (Wt. %) https://scispace.com/papers/relativistic-coulomb-excitation-of-88kr-3o4yjweie0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-level-scheme-of-88kr-illustrating-the-lowest-27mihkwu.png FIG. 1. Partial level scheme of 88Kr illustrating the lowest lying 2+ states and the known transitions between them. The thickness of the arrows expresses the branching ratios of the transitions adopted from Ref. [21]. Transitions that remained unobserved in this work are drawn with dashed grey lines. Energy labels are in keV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frs-particle-identification-plot-for-the-88kr-setting-3nh4iddh.png FIG. 2. FRS particle identification plot for the 88Kr setting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-excitation-energies-b-reduced-b-e2-and-c-b-m1-1sjtb7nv.png FIG. 5. (a) Excitation energies, (b) reduced B(E2), and (c) B(M1) transition strengths from the 2+1 and 2 + ms states in N = 52 isotones [13–16,28,29] together with the newly determined values for 88Kr in red. Additionally shown are the results from shellmodel calculations using the SDI [17] (green lines) and from new calculations based on the work of Ref. [30] (red lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-deduced-experimental-transition-strengths-from-the-3c3y2w8b.png TABLE I. Deduced experimental transition strengths from the present data in comparison to model calculations in the IBM-2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-observed-intensities-with-their-statistical-3p7nsk91.png FIG. 4. Observed intensities with their statistical uncertainties (data points) and calculated angular distributions for the 2+1 → 0+1 with pure E2 character (dashed line) and the 2+3 → 2+1 (solid line) transitions. The angular range of the inner and outer rings of germanium detectors are marked with gray color. A 1σ observation limit is indicated for the 2+3 → 2+1 in the inner ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-doppler-corrected-g-ray-energy-spectra-for-88kr-for-3i6lkejz.png FIG. 3. Doppler-corrected γ -ray energy spectra for 88Kr for the (a) inner and (b) outer ring of germanium detectors in the PreSPEC setup. The spectra are drawn with their statistical errors. Fits to the observed transitions and the 1σ observation limit in case of the 2+3 → 2+1 in the inner ring and a background function are indicated with the red (gray) line (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/relativistic-effects-on-the-hyperfine-structures-of-2-p-4-p-36wxyd0fuu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hyperfine-structure-constantsaj-in-mhz-of-2p4-3p-3p-2qyv3r8o.png TABLE II. Hyperfine-structure constantsAJ (in MHz) of 2p4(3P )3p 4DoJ , 4P oJ , and 2DoJ obtained with the fully relativistic multiconfigurationDirac-Hartree-Fock method using single- and double-monoreference expansions (SD-MCDHF), and multireference relativistic configuration interaction (MR-RCI) calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hyperfine-structure-constants-aj-in-mhz-of-2p4-3p-3p-3q9gyb8t.png TABLE I. Hyperfine-structure constants AJ (in MHz) of 2p4(3P )3p 4DoJ , 4P oJ , and 2DoJ . Upper part: nonrelativistic values obtained with the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock method using single- and double-monoreference expansions (SD-MCHF), and multireference configuration interaction (MR-CI) calculations. Lower part: relativistic values calculated in the Breit-Pauli (BP and MR-BP) and the Pauli (RCI-P) approximations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-j-dependent-factors-of-the-orbital-forb-l-s-j-spin-3qaxho4g.png TABLE V. J -dependent factors of the orbital [Forb(L,S,J )], spin-dipole [F sd(L,S,J )], and contact [F c(L,S,J )] contributions to the hyperfine constant AJ [see Eqs. (24)–(26)]. LS eigenvector compositions are given in %. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-the-orbital-spin-dipole-and-contact-2wnjph99.png TABLE IV. Comparison of the orbital, spin-dipole, and contact contributions to the hyperfine-structure constants (all numbers in MHz) calculated with the nonrelativistic SD-MCHF method and including the relativistic Breit-Pauli corrections (BP). The Ai/Atot contributions are defined in the text [see Eq. (28)]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-the-hyperfine-constants-aj-in-mhz-1h6j3dsp.png TABLE III. Comparison of the hyperfine constants AJ (in MHz) estimated from nonrelativistic (SD-MCHF, MR-MCHF, and MR-CI) and relativistic calculations. From the nonrelativistic MCHF orbitals, relativity is included in the Breit-Pauli approximation, monoreference (BP) and multireference (MR-BP), or through relativistic configuration interaction calculations using one-electron orbitals built in the Pauli approximation (RCI-P). Fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) and multireference relativistic configuration interaction (MR-RCI) are also reported and compared with observation. https://scispace.com/papers/relaxation-dynamics-of-photoexcited-charge-carriers-at-the-1htaoj6is9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-brillouin-zone-of-the-rhombohedral-bi-27jtfqad.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Brillouin zone of the rhombohedral Bi lattice together with the surface Brillouin zone and high-symmetry points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-tr-2ppe-data-shown-in-a-false-color-1fse2yfk.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) TR-2PPE data shown in a false-color representation versus final state energy and time delay, where negative delays correspond to the situation in which the UV pulse is the probe pulse. On the right side of the figure, a spectral cut at the time-overlap of the laser pulses (zero delay) is shown and below, cross-correlation (XC) cuts are shown with fits (see text) for the surface state (SS), the two IPS and for feature D′ as well as a spectral region at slightly lower energies than D′, namely at 4.8 eV, corresponding to hot electron contributions. The XC traces are normalized to the maximum intensity. In the lower-right corner, XC traces are also shown for features R and S. (b) The same TR-2PPE measurement on a longer timescale. The false-color plot shows a magnified region above the Fermi level, the spectral cut on the right shows peaks R and S at a time delay of 120 fs and in the graph below the false-color plot, the normalized XC curves for R and S are shown together with exponential decay fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-band-structure-of-bi-as-calculated-in-ref-7ot29cwk.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Band structure of Bi as calculated in Ref. [21] (gray lines) and proposed decay channels for photoexcited electrons in the present experiment. The blue and green arrows correspond to optical transitions (photon energies of 2.09 and 3.08 eV, respectively), the black arrows indicate electron relaxation within the band structure and the orange lines represent an Auger process (see text). The red, dotted lines represent experimental data obtained from photoemission [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-decay-pathways-for-the-photoexcited-hole-20gppttb.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Decay pathways for the photoexcited hole. (a) Mechanism according to Ref. [21] upon excitation with hν = 1.6 eV (red arrow): The rate-determining step is recombination of the electron-hole plasma. (b) Mechanism in which interband transition dominates the kinetics upon optical excitation with photon energies of 2.09 or 3.08 eV, respectively. (c) Mechanism upon excitation with the same photon energies from band 5 with subsequent recombination on the picosecond timescale. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-enhancement-of-modular-multilevel-converter-by-qtnvmsmdw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-structure-of-the-mmc-3ecrkowf.png Fig. 2. The structure of the MMC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-active-ftc-2fbgovi6.png Fig. 1: Structure of active FTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-operating-modes-of-mmc-sub-modules-a-mode-1-3vtnh94c.png Fig. 3. Different operating modes of MMC sub-modules. (a) Mode 1. (b) Mode 2. (c) Mode 3. (d) Mode 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-mmc-average-model-2cdddxh6.png Fig. 4. The MMC average model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-markov-chain-of-the-mmc-without-ftc-36iyteur.png Fig. 5. Markov chain of the MMC without FTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structure-of-mmc-with-redundant-sub-modules-8xpbljxj.png Fig. 6: Structure of MMC with redundant sub-modules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-markov-chain-of-the-mmc-with-the-second-ftc-technique-3108x517.png Fig. 8. Markov chain of the MMC with the second FTC technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-markov-chain-of-the-mmc-with-the-first-ftc-technique-3b0ercmw.png Fig. 7. Markov chain of the MMC with the first FTC technique. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-model-of-a-component-equipped-with-phm-3pgcxa0oqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crack-propagation-process-example-1dt9tjr1.png Fig. 5. Crack propagation process: example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computation-of-the-performance-metric-values-of-fig-7-tj3yvko0.png Fig. 8. Computation of the performance metric values of Fig. 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-and-vs-27zrtejp.png Fig. 6. 𝑘 ∗ 𝑁 and ℎ ∗ 𝑁 vs 𝜆. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-degradation-evolutions-and-computation-of-28ef17ki.png Fig. 7. Example of degradation evolutions and computation of 𝜆 related to prediction instants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-setting-description-4-0-1-1-11-and-2-19-22a7ebi6.png Fig. 1. Model setting description; ℎ = 4 , 𝛼 = 0 . 1 , 𝑁 1 = 11 and 𝑁 2 = 19 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-between-on-line-and-off-line-1huwdaq3.png Fig. 10. Comparison between ‘on-line ’ and ‘off-line ’ unreliabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-metrics-values-r2vtb75l.png Fig. 9. Experimental metrics values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-description-zdrhqtqn.png Fig. 2. 𝑃 𝛼 𝜆 description. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-reconsidered-cronbach-s-alpha-and-paediatric-38fxq2a38z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-published-papers-reporting-on-issues-related-to-the-2e2gx2i2.png Table 1 Published papers reporting on issues related to the internal consistency of outcome measures used in paediatric occupational therapy. https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-hard-real-time-communication-in-industrial-and-wp33btraz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layering-3qqy8k5e.png Figure 1. Layering https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-arq-time-sequence-diagram-2rewjtq6.png Figure 2. Example of ARQ time-sequence diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-the-four-different-traffic-classes-17649klp.png TABLE II. PARAMETERS OF THE FOUR DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CLASSES USED IN THE SIMULATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-results-when-having-one-retransmission-2silsd09.png Figure 6. Simulation results when having one retransmission channel with the parameters Pretr,i = 1 600 µs, Dretr,i = 30 µs, and Lretr,i = 1 000 bits. The utilization (a) and the message error rate (b) are shown for both a link with our retransmission scheme (unbroken lines) and a link without it (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-results-when-having-one-retransmission-bfjtct4f.png Figure 7. Simulation results when having one retransmission channel with the parameters Pretr,i = 200 µs, Dretr,i = 30 µs, and Lretr,i = 1 000 bits. The utilization (a) and the message error rate (b) are shown for both a link with our retransmission scheme (unbroken lines) and a link without it (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-framework-and-analysis-parameters-1f0u7yi7.png TABLE I. FRAMEWORK AND ANALYSIS PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulation-results-when-having-three-retransmission-3umoixqn.png Figure 8. Simulation results when having three retransmission channels, all with the parameters Pretr,i = 600 µs, Dretr,i = 50 µs, and Lretr,i = 1 000 bits. The utilization (a) and the message error rate (b) are shown for both a link with our retransmission scheme (unbroken lines) and a link without it (dashed lines). Remark the logarithmic scale on the y-axis of the graph to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timing-when-retransmission-is-included-3l4ufa8z.png Figure 4. Timing when retransmission is included https://scispace.com/papers/reliable-qos-monitoring-based-on-client-feedback-1p5oobgimc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expected-cost-of-a-payment-mechanism-that-is-robust-19bvzu3q.png Figure 3: Expected cost of a payment mechanism that is robust against collusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-optimization-problem-deflning-the-payment-73qdbbri.png Figure 2: Linear optimization problem deflning the payment mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-protocol-involving-a-rm-3tl8p0kp.png Figure 1: Interaction protocol involving a RM. https://scispace.com/papers/religious-participation-trust-and-reciprocity-evidence-from-41y4p9cgrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-religiosity-and-reciprocity-decision-made-by-player-1scasrqj.png Table 5: Religiosity and reciprocity (decision made by Player 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-religiosity-and-trust-decision-made-by-player-1-23515841.png Table 4: Religiosity and trust (decision made by Player 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trust-reciprocity-and-religious-participation-mean-2c9ew84i.png Table 3: Trust, reciprocity and religious participation (mean difference tests) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensions-of-religiosity-averages-2hn98fas.png Table 2: Dimensions of religiosity (averages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-participants-in-d5iv4ids.png Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the participants in the experiments https://scispace.com/papers/remdesivir-bound-and-ligand-free-simulations-reveal-the-ftc13owaf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rdv-interactions-with-the-residues-of-rdrp-in-the-2kjerzr1.png Figure 10: RDV interactions with the residues of RdRP in the five ensemble representative structures https://scispace.com/papers/remote-management-of-a-large-set-of-heterogeneous-devices-5cfrejdsx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-aggregated-results-for-the-test-scenario-using-jmeter-2k3gusuj.png Fig. 7. Aggregated results for the test scenario, using JMeter to send data according to the scheme from Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gateway-centric-integration-16l38edg.png Fig. 1. Gateway Centric Integration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architectural-decomposition-of-the-remote-management-2kkiclvk.png Fig. 4. Architectural Decomposition of the Remote Management System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visualisation-of-the-test-scenario-each-active-gateway-38ko9cvx.png Fig. 6. Visualisation of the test scenario: each active gateway sends a heartbeat every 30s, a device online request every minute and one plugin installed request. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-existing-integration-platforms-conclusion-3sl6j7w2.png Table 1. Existing Integration Platforms: Conclusion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-functional-requirements-and-quality-attributes-1juebs1r.png Fig. 2. Functional Requirements and Quality Attributes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-control-flow-path-through-the-remote-manager-for-the-21kr2j1l.png Fig. 5. Control flow path through the remote manager for the heartbeat, plugin and device requests. Each color represents a different scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-level-deployment-overview-212hof5i.png Fig. 3. High level deployment overview. https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-hexavalent-chromium-from-aqueous-solutions-using-3st1szedpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-adsorbent-dosage-on-the-percentage-removal-1waz4s2z.png Table 4 Effect of adsorbent dosage on the percentage removal of Cr(VI) ions using the adsorbent prepared from the barks of Acacia albida and leaves of Euclea schimperi at an optimum pH of 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-ph-on-the-percentage-removal-of-cr-vi-1dw2pt84.png Table 3 Effect of pH on the percentage removal of Cr(VI) using the adsorbent prepared from barks of Acacia albida and leaves of Euclea schimperi https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-parameters-of-the-kinetic-models-for-the-j102w46k.png Table 8 Regression parameters of the kinetic models for the removal of Cr(VI) using the adsorbent prepared from barks of Acacia albida https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-adsorption-capacity-of-different-26s4d6ds.png Table 9 Comparison of adsorption capacity of different adsorbents for the Cr(VI) removal https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-treatment-of-tannery-effluents-contaminated-by-cr-vi-kdt5u6io.png Table 6 Treatment of tannery effluents contaminated by Cr(VI) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ft-ir-spectrum-of-adsorbent-prepared-from-barks-of-drn9hzcg.png Fig. 1 FT-IR spectrum of adsorbent prepared from barks of Acacia albida before (a) and after (b) loaded with Cr(VI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-langmuir-and-freundlich-parameters-for-cr-vi-1yagklgv.png Table 7 Langmuir and Freundlich parameters for Cr(VI) biosorption using the adsorbents prepared from barks of Acacia albida and leaves of Euclea schimperi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-contact-time-on-percentage-removal-of-cr-2jwl6u7x.png Table 1 Effect of contact time on percentage removal of Cr(VI) using adsorbent prepared from bark of Acacia albida and leaves of Euclea schimperi https://scispace.com/papers/renin-angiotensin-system-inhibitors-and-severity-of-sars-cov-1pdp1skiv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1vpbest8.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-29vy7029.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/repeatability-and-method-dependent-variation-of-blood-21l6n3su17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-sd-sample-size-n-and-3258risf.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations (SD), sample size (N) and coefficients of variation (CV) of Pigeon blood parameters for each of the experiments (effect of time of storage, effect of assay, effect of sample). For definition of parameters see Methods. (a) — means of replicates of blood frozen for 1, 8, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. https://scispace.com/papers/renewable-energy-sources-their-global-potential-for-the-3xs0uqe658 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-scenarios-used-and-of-the-16yi7476.png Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the scenarios used and of the main assumptions to simulate the land-use dynamics in the IMAGE 2.2 SRES implementation (IMAGE-team, 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-regional-biofuel-production-potential-for-the-a1-and-2nao0079.png Fig. 4. Regional biofuel production potential for the A1 and A2 scenario in 2050. The same colour code is used for the production cost categories as in Fig. 3 (white: o12 $/GJ; grey: o15 $/GJ; dark grey: o20 $/GJ; black: other). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-important-uncertainties-determining-wsb-obr5s8ne.png Table 1 Different important uncertainties determining WSB potential https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-technical-potential-of-the-three-wsb-3eskx0to.png Table 4 Estimated technical potential of the three WSB options in PWh year 1 for the 17 regions. World electricity use is about 13.3 PWh (2001) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-ratio-between-the-potential-supply-of-wsb-below-0-1-3qznts4l.png Fig. 11. Ratio between the potential supply of WSB below 0.1$/kWh in 2050 and the electricity demand according to the A1 scenario (bars) and the other 3 scenarios (marks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-regional-potential-in-2050-i-e-the-technical-1tiv8rui.png Fig. 10. The regional potential in 2050 (i.e. the technical potential at electricity production costs below 10bkWh 1) for wind, solar-PV and biomass in the A1 scenario; using the best-guess method. The corresponding values in the three other scenarios are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-potential-global-biofuel-production-for-four-jnasej7k.png Fig. 3. Potential global biofuel production for four production cost categories (IMAGE-team, 2001). The horizontal line indicates historical cq. estimated future. transport energy demand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-global-technical-and-economic-o-10bkwh-1-potential-2hynwvlr.png Fig. 9. The global technical and economic (o 10bkWh 1) potential for wind, biomass and solar-PV in 2050 based on (a) independent assessment (cf. Section 4.2), (b) selecting only the cheapest option (cf. Section 4.3 method 2) and (c) allowing some overlap between wind potential and the two other options (cf. Section 4.3 method 1). Note that the solar-PV potential is indicated on a separate y-axis. https://scispace.com/papers/repeated-transsphenoidal-pituitary-surgery-ts-via-the-4cvy19hqfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-per-patient-first-and-tfswoegx.png Table 1. Clinical characteristics per patient: first and second transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (1999–2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-previously-published-results-of-repeated-3bh85zq7.png Table 3. Overview of previously published results of repeated TS in patients with persistent or recurrent CD https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-substitution-therapy-and-follow-up-after-second-3hto8tyy.png Table 2. Substitution therapy and follow-up after second pituitary surgery (1999–2007) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-repeated-transsphenoidal-pituitary-surgery-vik6urg6.png Fig. 1 Results of repeated transsphenoidal pituitary surgery via the endoscopic technique in patients with persistent of recurrent Cushing’s disease (1999– 2007). ADX, bilateral adrenalectomy. https://scispace.com/papers/representation-of-finite-groups-and-the-first-betti-number-1rnngtzx00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polyhedron-p-3vq28f5u.png Figure 1. Polyhedron P https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-arrangement-of-sides-of-regular-dodecahedron-r-3tfyhr6l.png Figure 2. Arrangement of Sides of Regular Dodecahedron R https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-character-table-of-sl2-fq-xccqoro6.png Table 1. The character table of SL2(Fq ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-value-of-n-3ok159m2.png Table 2. The value of N https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-value-of-f-and-4f-2c7ip5a3.png Table 3. The value of (F ) and ( 4F ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-edges-and-vertexes-29211sl9.png Figure 3. Edges and Vertexes https://scispace.com/papers/representativeness-of-terrestrial-ecosystems-in-chile-s-2usrs6yqhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vegetation-formation-representativeness-in-f9tg2eq8.png Figure 1 Vegetation formation representativeness in Scenarios 1–3; Scenario 1 = light grey bars, Scenario 2 = dark grey bars and Scenario 3 = black bars. Dashed line indicates the percentage of potential natural vegetation. Arrows indicate latitudinal distribution of each zone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-degree-of-protection-for-vegetation-types-by-oawa4xl1.png Table 2 Degree of protection for vegetation types by geographic zone in Chile. Protection levels: 0% = lacking protection, 0.1–10% = low protection and 10.1–100% = meets protection goal. https://scispace.com/papers/reproducible-determination-of-dissolved-organic-matter-ae4ua600qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photodegradation-time-series-of-parafac-components-q3mjfqsv.png Figure 8. Photodegradation time series of PARAFAC components three (a) and four (b) fluorescence intensity, relative to starting values. Data are shown from experiments using PPL extracts from different DOM sources (see Sect. 3.1 for source descriptions). Large wetland and small wetland samples use the same symbol for samples from each source, including samples collected on different dates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-changes-to-absorbance-spectra-after-2m1f0shf.png Figure 12. Changes to absorbance spectra after photodegradation show advantages of high-resolution fluorescence data. (a) Initial vs. final spectra (calculated as absorption coefficients) in photodegradation experiments, using samples taken from the two wetlands on two of the dates also shown in Fig. 11. (b) Same data but expressed as percent change in absorbance across the spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-spectral-loadings-and-b-contour-plots-of-parafac-fv95r27b.png Figure 1. (a) Spectral loadings and (b) contour plots of PARAFAC components (one–four; left to right) modeled from EEMs of SRNOM PPL extract photodegradation time series. In the top row, the dashed lines represent excitation spectra, and the solid lines show emission spectra. The full data set of all degradation time series EEMs was projected onto this model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-fluorescence-change-in-parafac-31dy8ky7.png Figure 2. Example of fluorescence change in PARAFAC components during photodegradation. Data show the degradation of SRNOM PPL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fitted-biexponential-model-parameters-eq-3-from-vz348ad7.png Figure 11. Fitted biexponential model parameters (Eq. 3) from the time series of PARAFAC component three, comparing DOM from large and small wetland sampling sites collected on different dates. f is unitless, and k is m2 [mol photons]−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-data-and-model-fit-of-parafac-component-three-loss-1cd4jpc8.png Figure 10. Data and model fit of PARAFAC component three loss in experiments with two wetland samples collected October 2017. Panels (a, b) show data and model fit (Eq. 3) while panels (c, d) decompose the fitted model into its two summed terms, fLe−kLP and fSLe−kSLP , or labile and semilabile terms. (a) Data and fit for small wetland, (b) data and fit for large wetland, (c) data and decomposed model for small wetland, and (d) data and decomposed model for large wetland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photodegradation-time-series-of-absorbance-at-254-10bxkozl.png Figure 3. Photodegradation time series of absorbance at 254 nm and fluorescence intensities of PARAFAC components three and four relative to starting values. Data are shown from experiments with SRNOM PPL that varied the volume of the sample added to the mixing reactor (after filling flow cell lines). Panels (a)–(c) show the values as a function of exposure time, while panels (d)–(f) show the values as a function of cumulative photon exposure calculated from NO2 /NO3 actinometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fitted-biexponential-model-parameters-eq-3-from-the-2euqamwx.png Figure 9. Fitted biexponential model parameters (Eq. 3) from the time series of PARAFAC component four (see Fig. 9 for data). f is unitless, and k is m2 [mol photons]−1. For wetland samples, shapes represent different sampling dates (circles are 4 October 2017, triangles are 20 December 2017, and squares are 1 April 2018). https://scispace.com/papers/reproductive-assurance-and-the-evolution-of-pollination-41sck05f40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2xdn0k7q.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-37gbb7o3.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-85ntuteq.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ophrys-apifera-is-a-member-of-a-genus-that-mimics-2a50970u.png Fig. 1 A, Ophrys apifera is a member of a genus that mimics female Hymenoptera, inducing pseudocopulatory behavior by males leading to pollination. Ophrys apifera is pollinated by males of the bee genus Eucera, but, unlike other members of the genus, it is capable of delayed selfpollination through the elongation of the caudicles throughout the life span of the flower and is highly selfing (photo courtesy of http:// herbarivirtual.uib.es [Universitat de les Illes Balears]). B, Tacca chantrieri manifests many floral traits corresponding to fly pollination, yet it has a high selfing rate, likely corresponding to delayed selfing, when the flower inverts and the pollen spills onto the stigma (photo courtesy of Q.-J. Li). C, Kalmia latifolia is pollinated by large bees that trip the anther filaments (held in tension by depressions in the corolla), depositing pollen on the lateral surfaces of the bee. When the flower is not pollinated, the anthers may be dragged over the stigma as the corolla is shed (photo courtesy of E. Nagy). D, E, Hibiscus laevis, pollinated by large bees, is representative of many members of the Malvaceae in that toward the end of the flower’s life span (E), the stigmas curl down and back toward the anthers, resulting in delayed selfing (both photos courtesy of R. Klips). F, G, Gesneria reticulata is a hummingbird-pollinated species with slightly protogynous flowers. The stamens are taller than the pistil, but delayed selfing occurs (G) when the style bends over, causing pollen in the anthers to be deposited onto the stigma (photos by S. Martén-Rodriguez). H, Aquilegia canadensis is hummingbird pollinated and slightly protogynous. When populations in southern Ontario are not visited by hummingbirds, the close proximity of anthers and stigma facilitate delayed selfing (photo courtesy of C. Eckert). https://scispace.com/papers/reptile-surveys-reveal-high-species-richness-in-areas-5djuh5uwdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cerrado-physiognomies-and-anthropized-areas-surveyed-1y4tfgjp.png Fig. 4. Cerrado physiognomies and anthropized areas surveyed using pitfall traps with drift-fences in February and May 2014 in adjacent Cerrado areas in the Serra da Mesa region, municipality of Niquelândia, northern Goiás state, central Brazil: PTD 1.1 (A), PTD 1.2 (B), PTD 2.1 (C), PTD 2.2 (D), PTD 3.1 (E), PTD 3.2 (F), PTD 4.1 (G), PTD 4.2 (H). See surveyed sites descriptions in Table S3 (electronic supplementary material). Photos: Drummond L.O. (all photos). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lizard-and-amphisbaenian-species-recorded-in-the-234f6jvq.png Fig. 6. Lizard and amphisbaenian species recorded in the municipality of Niquelândia, northern Goiás state, central Brazil: Ophiodes sp. (aff. striatus) (A), Norops brasiliensis exhibiting the dewlap (B), Norops brasiliensis (C), Micrablepharus maximiliani (D), Colobosaura modesta (E), Cercosaura ocellata (F), Iguana iguana (G), Copeoglossum nigropunctatum (H), Notomabuya frenta (I), Gymnodactylus amarali (J), Polychrus acutirostris (K), Coleodactylus brachystoma (L), Ameiva ameiva (M), Ameivula ocellifera (N), Salvator merianae (O), Tropidurus oreadicus (P), Amphisbaena alba (Q), Amphisbaena anaemariae (R). Photos: Kopp K.A. (A), Oda F.H. (C, H, I, P), Drummond L.O. (B, D, E, F, J, K, L, M, N, Q, R), Pinheiro D.G. (G), Heming N.M. (O). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locations-within-the-cerrado-domain-with-comparison-71ial7yz.png Table 1. Locations within the Cerrado domain with comparison of its reptile assemblages and the respective record for the municipality of Niquelândia, Goiás state, central Brazil. Only squamata reptile species were considered in the analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-chelonian-and-crocodilian-species-recorded-in-the-2jhe6ru1.png Fig. 5. Chelonian and crocodilian species recorded in the municipality of Niquelândia, northern Goiás state, central Brazil. Phrynops geoffroanus (A), Paleosuchus palpebrosus (B). Photos: Oda F.H. (A), Drummond L.O. (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-map-of-the-selected-locations-showing-the-local-12s0084s.png Fig. 10. Map of the selected locations showing the local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) of the reptile communities. The gradient of light-dark grey is proportional to the LCBD values. * = sites having significant LCBD at the 0.05 significance level (see Legendre & De Cáceres 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-triangular-plot-of-the-relationships-among-the-496-8lc2llib.png Fig. 9. Triangular plot of the relationships among the 496 pairs of sites selected along the Cerrado domain. Each point represents a pair of selected locations and its position is determined by a triplet of values from the S = (1 – dissimilarity) (similarity), replacement and nestedness, determined from the Jaccard index (see Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-map-showing-the-municipalities-of-2yitwqna.png Fig. 1. Schematic map showing the municipalities of Niquelândia (red circle), Brasília (red triangle, Distrito Federal), and Goiânia (red square). Sites surveyed in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 for areas recovering from mining activity: ARM 1 (A), ARM 2 (B), ARM 3 (C). See surveyed sites descriptions in Table S1 (electronic supplementary material). Map of Goiás state modified from Mapa Físico IBGE (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-snake-species-recorded-in-the-municipality-of-1pf1qbpz.png Fig. 8. Snake species recorded in the municipality of Niquelândia, northern Goiás state, central Brazil. Oxyrhopus trigeminus (A), Phimophis guerini (B), Erythrolamprus almadensis (C), Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus (D), Erythrolamprus reginae (E), Xenodon merremii (F), Xenopholis undulatus (G), Trilepida fuliginosa (H), Bothrops moojeni (I), Bothrops pauloensis (J), Crotalus durissus (K). Photos: Drummond L.O. (A, E, H), Guerra V. (B, I, J), Oda F.H. (C, G), Ribeiro R. (D), Heming N.M. (K), Nunes A.V. (F). https://scispace.com/papers/requirements-set-by-swedish-municipalities-to-promote-34oj3jhzrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proportion-of-municipalities-choosing-different-31e27pig.png Figure 4: Proportion (%) of municipalities choosing different response options for each policy instrument in survey question 5: ‘Which of the following policy instruments does your municipality use to reduce the climate change impact of construction materials in construction projects?’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proportion-of-small-medium-and-large-municipalities-1k5deb06.png Figure 6: Proportion (%) of small, medium and large municipalities choosing different response options to question 5, summed over all policy instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rating-given-by-small-medium-and-large-4k44p02q.png Figure 3: Rating given by small, medium and large municipalities in response to survey question 4: ‘The climate change impact of construction materials is becoming increasingly important. How familiar are you with this issue, on a scale from 1 to 5?’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proportion-of-municipalities-choosing-different-3jftfapy.png Figure 5: Proportion (%) of municipalities choosing different response options to survey question 6: ‘What type of requirement have you used or do you plan to use in relation to each of the following policy instruments?’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-small-medium-and-large-municipalities-3lttxfk0.png Figure 2: Proportion (%) of small, medium and large municipalities choosing different response options to survey question 3: ‘Does your municipality have any kind of policy document for climate or the environment related specifically to construction?’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-representation-of-the-various-roles-of-3g9xznzc.png Figure 1: Simplified representation of the various roles of Swedish municipalities, and of legal issues surrounding requirements. Based on Svensson & Torbäck (2016) and our interpretation. Legality in yellow cells depends on the municipality respecting the rules of free competition and not bypassing the building code. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-information-about-the-survey-of-swedish-1sraoqxf.png Table 2. Summary of information about the survey of Swedish municipalities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-key-dates-for-the-survey-ksnqdlq4.png Table 2. Summary of information about the survey of Swedish municipalities https://scispace.com/papers/rescaling-algorithms-for-linear-conic-feasibility-4tinjmfw4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-rescaling-the-dashed-circles-represent-zpkthbo0.png Figure 1. Effect of rescaling. The dashed circles represent the points of norm 1. The shaded areas are PA and PA′ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-running-times-of-geometric-rescaling-algorithms-in-h0tf81yg.png Table 1. Running times of geometric rescaling algorithms. In the oracle setting, SO is the complexity of a separation oracle call. https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-evidence-based-environmental-health-408mv2wkqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-purpose-statements-to-develop-w57gaf2s.png Table 1 Examples of purpose statements to develop environmental health research https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-inspection-process-as-a-research-process-adapted-251zzgdh.png Table 2 The inspection process as a research process? (Adapted from Couch et al. in [13]) https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-application-of-scada-system-for-the-microgrid-u3q9hehw01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-processed-data-being-inserted-into-the-139bk7g4.png Figure 8. The processed data being inserted into the microgrid electrical table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-business-processing-test-and-load-balancing-1eqihh6k.png Figure 7. The business processing test and load balancing test. Figure 7. The business processing test and load balancing test.Technologies 2017, 5, 12 7 of 10 https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-energy-extraction-characteristics-of-an-adaptive-3wsko9q1qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vorticity-contour-and-pressure-coefficient-contour-3w2uux4n.png FIG. 8. Vorticity contour and pressure coefficient contour around the rigid airfoil (b¼ 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-model-predictions-with-published-5onypelz.png FIG. 5. Comparison of model predictions with published experimental data from Ref. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-efficiency-of-the-deformed-airfoil-and-1hyi2ld9.png FIG. 12. Comparison of efficiency of the deformed airfoil and the rigid airfoil at different jaT=4j. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pitching-and-heaving-motions-with-a-phase-difference-2eujawd6.png FIG. 1. Pitching and heaving motions with a phase difference of 90 .2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-close-up-view-of-mesh-around-a-deformed-flexible-oq28e0v4.png FIG. 3. The close-up view of mesh around a deformed flexible airfoil (a) and a rigid airfoil (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-cx-cy-and-cm-along-with-heaving-velocity-2kk4qeyg.png FIG. 4. Variation of CX, CY , and CM along with heaving velocity over one periodic cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-grid-and-time-step-sensitivity-studies-13m5mal3.png TABLE I. Grid and time-step sensitivity studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-heave-force-coefficient-between-the-tyici10r.png FIG. 11. Comparison of heave force coefficient between the rigid airfoil and the deformable airfoil at different jaT=4j. https://scispace.com/papers/reseed-social-event-detection-dataset-55hovpyp7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-use-of-license-1m2ve47e.png Table 3: Use of license https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-database-schema-for-dataset-picture-metadata-iw5c0y2b.png Figure 4: Database schema for dataset (picture metadata) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-database-schema-for-dataset-event-metadata-from-2pgcq46y.png Figure 5: Database schema for dataset (event metadata from Upcoming) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-available-information-from-two-social-event-2b0r9ftw.png Table 4: Available information from two social event calendars, last.fm and Upcoming https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-from-last-fm-jhjx5t8e.png Figure 3: Example from last.fm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clustering-of-image-documents-into-event-clusters-adwq5y0r.png Figure 1: Clustering of image documents into event clusters https://scispace.com/papers/reservoir-monitoring-using-borehole-radars-to-improve-oil-b2i5t8xwzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-the-well-configured-by-2tpipeho.png Figure 4. Schematic representation of the well configured by radar sensors in a water driving reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-of-coupling-multiphase-fluid-flow-and-em-3qzutxea.png Figure 3. Flowchart of coupling multiphase fluid flow and EM propagation models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-wellhead-production-rates-of-water-and-oil-for-the-3aeizv8z.png Figure 12. Wellhead production rates of water and oil for the three production strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshots-of-water-saturation-distributions-in-the-t0jimr46.png Figure 5. Snapshots of water saturation distributions in the extracted box volume on the (a) 150th day, (b) 165th day, (c) 180th day, and (d) 195th day of production, respectively. The red part represents the invading water and the blue part the oil in-place. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-conceptual-smart-kyz424ox.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of a conceptual smart wellbore in horizontal well production. Downhole cables are not presented (Poel and Jansen, 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cumulative-production-data-and-relative-improvements-18ad0f7m.png Table 4. Cumulative production data and relative improvements for the three production strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-this-model-is-a-simplified-representation-of-a-thin-2bgjf6ey.png Figure 8. This model is a simplified representation of a thin oil reservoir in Indiana, USA (Bryant et al., 2002), and it has been frequently used in smart well production studies (Raghuraman et al., 2003; Bryant et al., 2004; Addiego-Guevara et al., 2008; Dilib and Jackson, 2013). The model is 1828.8 m long, 944.88 mwide, and 30.48 m thick. The reservoir top is located at a depth of 1828.8 m, and the initial oil-water contact is at a depth of 1859.28 m. The reservoir contains water and oil, whereas gas is neglected. A horizontal well is located 10.67 m below the top shale layer for oil production. Thewell is segmented by two individual completions with a perforation length of 365.76 m for each. The primary parameters of reservoir and well https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-fluids-and-rock-for-model-1-3hluntej.png Table 1. Properties of fluids and rock for model 1. https://scispace.com/papers/residential-mobility-and-childhood-leukemia-1i2p0mf8o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-cases-by-mobility-status-in-32c4yhob.png Table 1 Characteristics of cases by mobility status in California Power Lines Study, 1986–2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-of-leukemia-by-calculated-fields-and-6r3opz56.png Table 2 Odds ratios of leukemia by calculated fields and proximity to power lines, stratified by mobility of cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratios-for-associations-of-residential-mobility-392v08tu.png Table 3 Odds ratios for associations of residential mobility with selected characteristics in childhood leukemia cases in the California Power Lines Study, 1986–2008 – Case-Only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-odds-ratios-for-childhood-leukemia-by-levels-of-2wn8xytt.png Table 4 Odds ratios for childhood leukemia by levels of calculated fields and proximity to 200+ kV power lines adjusted for various characteristics associated with mobility, stratified by mobility status of cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-census-based-socioeconomic-status-from-time-3dr724yg.png Fig. 2. Changes in census-based socioeconomic status from time of birth to diagnosis in cases, stratified by mobility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-directed-acyclic-graph-dag-depicting-2eweq9v8.png Fig. 1. Simplified directed acyclic graph (DAG) depicting possible connections of residential mobility in the study of EMF exposures on childhood leukemia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-odds-ratios-for-childhood-leukemia-by-levels-7imqb6nv.png Table 5 Odds ratios for childhood leukemia by levels calculated fields exposure and proximity to 200+ kV power lines, adjusted for variables associated with mobility using propensity scores. https://scispace.com/papers/residual-resistivity-ratio-rrr-measurements-of-lhc-2edcfc6lon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-schematic-description-of-a-rrr-station-cold-test-305xlkij.png Fig. 3. The schematic description of a RRR station (cold test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rrr-sample-holders-2ys4d0sn.png Fig. 2. RRR sample holders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-measured-rrr-values-of-dipole-magnets-27ib4owd.png Fig. 8. Comparison of measured RRR-values of dipole magnets with values calculated from RRR on extracted strands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rrr-of-lhc-sc-strands-02b-type-versus-cable-production-1qpk8i04.png Fig. 6. RRR of LHC SC strands (02B type) versus cable production id for the different production stages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rrr-of-lhc-sc-strands-02k-type-versus-cable-production-3n7tec2h.png Fig. 7. RRR of LHC SC strands (02K type) versus cable production id for the different production stages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-cross-section-of-lhc-strands-single-stack-2vmy1857.png Fig. 1. Typical cross-section of LHC strands (“single stack” technology). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correlation-between-rrr-values-measured-on-virgin-19fzjkio.png Fig. 4. Correlation between RRR-values measured on virgin strands by companies and by CERN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rrr-of-lhc-sc-strands-01b-type-versus-cable-production-prr2q6td.png Fig. 5. RRR of LHC SC strands (01B type) versus cable production id for the different production stages. https://scispace.com/papers/residual-stress-characterization-of-single-and-triple-pass-r6cabjz1ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1rgz4w7i.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-134xds7t.png Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-361jp4yv.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-25914ssp.png Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1jfccz9k.png Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-211utp9p.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3u8o6164.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-2uuvi79f.png Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/papers/residual-stress-characterization-in-structural-materials-by-3xj8yvqm0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pas-test-setup-3dyhxxia.png Fig. 6 PAS test setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-residual-stresses-versus-depth-profile-for-304l-ss-rc-1rcf60ih.png Fig. 8 Residual stresses versus depth profile for 304L SS (RC method) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-residual-stress-versus-depth-profile-for-ep-823-rc-38fub6op.png Fig. 10 Residual stress versus depth profile for EP-823 (RC method) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-characteristics-of-511-kev-gamma-ray-energy-spectrum-3m2wjnwg.png Fig. 7 Characteristics of 511 KeV gamma–ray energy spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-residual-stress-versus-depth-profile-for-ht-9-rc-1uyrshku.png Fig. 9 Residual stress versus depth profile for HT-9 (RC method) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-effect-of-weld-distance-on-s-parameter-pas-method-3i3wgurv.png Fig. 21 Effect of weld distance on S parameter (PAS method) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-effect-of-percent-cw-on-t-parameter-pas-method-31l00pom.png Fig. 19 Effect of percent CW on T parameter (PAS method) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-effect-of-percent-cw-on-t-parameter-pas-method-31qm9uys.png Fig. 20 Effect of percent CW on T parameter (PAS method) https://scispace.com/papers/resilience-and-the-transformation-of-sovereign-security-a-1wwhs6ofc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-areas-for-uk-resilience-policies-cabinet-19fp86eh.png Table 1: Target areas for UK resilience policies (Cabinet Office, 2014, p. 5) https://scispace.com/papers/resistance-of-anopheles-gambiae-to-the-new-insecticide-hthmtv71o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-study-site-a-map-of-the-1yg97a8l.png Figure 1: Description of the study site. (A) Map of the neighborhoods of Yaoundé 509 where clothianidin susceptibility of Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes was evaluated. 510 (B) A typical vegetable plot of the Nkolondom farm. (C) Used cans of imidacloprid 511 and acetamiprid collected from the fields. (B) Application of pesticide mixtures on a 512 vegetable plot in Nkolondom 513 514 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-knockdowns-after-60-min-exposure-and-susceptibility-5ptq5fcz.png Figure 3: Knockdowns after 60 min exposure and susceptibility to increasing doses 526 of clothianidin. (A) Knockdowns in Anopheles and Culex populations in CDC bottle 527 bioassays. (B) Knockdowns in An. gambiae field populations. (C) Mortality of 528 mosquitoes from the Nkolondom farm exposed to 1X, 5X and 10X the active dose of 529 clothianidin in CDC bottles. Standard errors are shown.. 530 https://scispace.com/papers/resistance-of-class-c-fly-ash-belite-cement-to-simulated-12e780xzrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-of-the-ph-of-the-simulated-pore-solution-of-7az3lghs.png Figure 5. Changes of the pH of the simulated pore solution of mortars after 180 days of immersion in deionized water and simulated sulphate radioactive liquid waste (SSRLW) at the temperatures of 20ºC and 40ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pore-size-distribution-curves-of-mortars-samples-ixoufbte.png Figure 6. Pore-size distribution curves of mortars samples after 180 days of immersion in de-ionized water and simulated sulphate radioactive liquid waste (SSRLW) at the temperatures of 20ºC and 40ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-starting-fly-ash-fa-2-31nvz2ng.png Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Starting Fly Ash (FA-2) and Belite cement (FABC-2-W) (% by weight). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-quantitative-correlation-between-the-flexural-ozi9drud.png Figure 7. Quantitative correlation between the flexural mechanical strength and mean pore diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-starting-fa-2-and-3hozivzv.png Figure 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of starting FA-2 and anhydrous FABC-2-W cement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flexural-strength-and-corrosion-index-rf-rf-of-mortar-1zq58to6.png Fig. 2. Flexural strength and corrosion index (Rf´/Rf) of mortar samples versus time, Rf´ = strength after immersion in the SSRLW; Rf = strength after immersion in water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-images-of-ettringite-needles-growing-inside-the-1j9701hl.png Figure 4. SEM images of ettringite needles growing inside the pores of mortar samples after 180 days of immersion in simulated sulphated radioactive liquid waste (SSRLW). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrd-patterns-of-mortar-samples-after-180-days-of-rbqbmuf7.png Figure 3. XRD patterns of mortar samples after 180 days of immersion in de-ionized water and simulated sulphated radioactive liquid waste (SSRLW). Influence of temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/resistive-switching-in-nanostructured-thin-films-ms6o4rwvp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-low-bias-region-of-the-final-bistable-current-ihsinox5.png FIG. 3. a Low-bias region of the final bistable current–voltage characteristics observed after many ON/OFF cycles. b Step change in capacitance accompanying the resistive switching f =1 kHz . c Multiple capacitance jumps between two discrete states occurring at a constant voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-current-voltage-i-v-plots-showing-a-sudden-and-o63lwjho.png FIG. 2. a Current-voltage I-V plots showing a sudden and irreversible change forming process . In the positive-bias return-voltage scan, the current becomes noisy and switches between a low-conductive and a highconductive state at around 10 V. b I-V characteristics of a device obtained after forming. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-transmission-electron-microscopy-image-of-a-ten-262os4i7.png FIG. 1. a Transmission electron microscopy image of a ten-layer Co80Fe20 film. The grains, Co80Fe20 islands, are the dark spots with average lateral size of 5 nm and separated by thin dielectric layers of Al2O3. b Schematic of the physical structure. The gold electrodes have a length of 3 mm, width of 500 m, and height of 100 nm. They are separated by a gap L of 100 m. The discontinuous layer of Co80Fe20 is embedded in the Al2O3 matrix typically 60–70 nm thick. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-phenomenological-model-to-explain-the-2qbs3o4t.png FIG. 4. Color online Phenomenological model to explain the formation of a network of conducting paths across the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/resistivity-monitoring-for-leakage-and-internal-erosion-3lp1c29qc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raw-data-apparent-resistivities-and-filtered-data-from-39iy2lge.png Fig. 4. Raw data (apparent resistivities) and filtered data from two specific measurement configurations on Hällby left dam crest. Left: Wenner–Schlumberger array with midpoint at chainage −38 m, a-spacing 7 m and n-factor=1. Right: Wenner–Schlumberger array with midpoint at chainage −52 m, a-spacing 7 m and n-factor=7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raw-data-and-filtered-data-between-1997-09-24-and-2005-ydyv29cx.png Fig. 5. Raw data and filtered data between 1997-09-24 and 2005-05-08 from two specific me Wenner–Schlumberger array with midpoint at chainage −32 m, a-spacing 21m and n-factor= and n-factor=1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-median-inverted-resistivity-distribution-left-and-its-2ftjd1al.png Fig. 6. Median inverted resistivity distribution (left) and its relative variation (right) at Hällby left dam crest between 1997-09-24 and 2005-05-08. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-examples-of-time-series-of-inverted-resistivity-data-rnc6m20i.png Fig. 11. Examples of time series of inverted resistivity data at four different depths from two different locations upstream Hällby left dam; Chainage −68.25 m (above) and chainage −22.75 m (below) (approx. length marks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-median-inverted-resistivity-distribution-left-and-its-6xg3rh0n.png Fig. 10. Median inverted resistivity distribution (left) and its relative variation (right) upstream Hällby left dam between 1997-09-24 and 2005-05-08 (approx. length marks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-over-hallby-dam-area-principal-location-of-3q9ji798.png Fig. 1. Map over Hällby dam area. Principal location of electrodes marked out. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-hallby-dam-1-core-2-filter-3-support-23jony1o.png Fig. 2. Cross-section of Hällby dam. 1 Core, 2 filter, 3 support rockfill (upstream an https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-time-series-of-inverted-resistivity-data-d6gplcch.png Fig. 7. Examples of time series of inverted resistivity data at five different depths from two different locations on Hällby left dam; Chainage −61.25 m (above) and chainage −43.75 m (below). https://scispace.com/papers/resolved-objects-early-has-failed-3un6q6xdxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-email-traffic-on-sigcse-list-2004-1yj7cz7w.png Table 1. Email traffic on SIGCSE list (2004) https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-of-impact-related-microstructures-in-lunar-zircon-34nik1fe1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-for-zircon-5-from-7323560-a-se-image-elliptical-32o0gf4o.png Fig. 3. Data for zircon 5 from 73235,60. A) SE image. Elliptical pits are from in-situ ion microprobe analyses (Grange et al. 2011). B) EBSD band contrast map. C) Crystallographic orientation map from EBSD data. White cross indicates reference orientation. D) Cumulative misorientation profile along line shown in (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-data-for-zircon-3-from-7323559-a-se-image-arrows-2s5o1am4.png Fig. 8. Data for zircon 3 from 73235,59. A) SE image. Arrows indicate high relief domains. Elliptical pits are from in-situ ion microprobe analyses (Grange et al. 2011). B) Photomicrograph, cross-polarized light. C) CL image. D) EBSD band contrast map. E) Orientation map from EBSD data. White cross indicates position of reference point. F) High-resolution EBSD band contrast map of part of the grain highlighted in (D). The edge of the grain is at the top left of the image. G) Orientation map of area shown in (F) colored from reference orientation (blue), indicated by white cross, to a misorientation of 5 (orange). Twin 1 domains are colored red. H) Cumulative misorientation profile along line (i)–(ii) shown in (G). I) SE image of part of the grain highlighted in (D). Oval pits are from ion probe analyses. J) High-resolution EBSD band contrast map. K) High-resolution orientation map from EBSD data. White cross indicates position of reference point. Color scheme as in (G). An additional twin orientation (twin 2) shown in pink. Traces of key crystallographic planes are shown by arrows on (F) and (I). Locally annealed PDFs and twins are shown by arrows on (F, G) and (J, K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-schematic-diagrams-to-show-the-crystallographic-ggcuscf9.png Fig. 12. Schematic diagrams to show the crystallographic orientation of deformation microstructures in zircon. Crystal views are dominated by {100} and {101} facets and minor {110} and {111} facets. Stereographic projections are lower hemisphere equal area projections. A) Dislocation slip systems in zircon. B) Planar fractures. C) Planar deformation features. D) Microtwin lamellae. E) Reidite lamellae. References: 1 = Kusaba et al. (1985); 2 = Kusaba et al. (1986); 3 = Leroux et al. (1999); 4 = Reimold et al. (2002); 5 = Reddy et al. (2006); 6 = Timms et al. (2006); 7 = Reddy et al. (2007); 8 = Reddy et al. (2009); 9 = Moser et al. (2009); 10 = Nemchin et al. (2009); 11 = Timms and Reddy (2009); 12 = Cavosie et al. (2010); 13 = Timms et al. (2011); 14 = Kaczmarek et al. (2011); 15 = Moser et al. (2011); 16 = Timms et al. (Forthcoming). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-data-for-the-zircon-1-aggregate-in-7323582-a-se-image-1qitsegc.png Fig. 4. Data for the zircon 1 aggregate in 73235,82. A) SE image. Bright spots are from in-situ ion microprobe analyses (Pidgeon et al. 2007). B) Orientation map from EBSD data with Euler colors to show crystallographic variations between grains (Reddy et al. 2007). Euler colors are defined by three color channels assigned to three Euler angles that describe the orientation. C) Orientation map to show the crystallographic variations within grains from a central reference orientation (blue) to misorientation of 10 (red). D) Local misorientation map to show orientation gradients within grains. Each pixel is colored for mean misorientation (degrees) for each point and its immediate neighboring points (3 · 3 local grid). E) SE image of a detail of the aggregate. F–H) As in (B)–(D). I) Stereographic projections of crystallographic poles for the EBSD data shown in (B). J) Stereographic projections of crystallographic poles for the EBSD data shown in (F). (I) and (J) are lower hemisphere equal area projections in sample x–y–z coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stereographic-projections-of-crystallographic-data-1jpb54lh.png Fig. 7. Stereographic projections of crystallographic data shown in Fig. 6. A) Pole figure showing dispersion of poles around <001> rotation axis. Data plotted as lower hemisphere projections in sample x–y–z coordinates. B) Misorientation axis plot showing clustering of data around <001> for all misorientation angles. Data plotted as lower hemisphere equal area projections in sample x–y–z coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-crystallographic-data-for-zircon-2-from-7629591-a-6cayy5ib.png Fig. 11. Crystallographic data for zircon 2 from 76295,91. A) Pole figures of key crystallographic planes in zircon for data shown in Fig. 10C. Color schemes as in Fig. 10C. B) Plots to summarize the crystallographic relationships between (i) the host grain, (ii) twin 1, and (iii) twin 2. Data plotted as lower hemisphere equal area projections in sample x–y–z coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagrams-to-illustrate-the-observed-range-in-zrfp33f5.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams to illustrate the observed range in impact-related microstructures. Shaded parts of the diagrams indicate volumetric domains of modification of zircon. A) Nonplanar fractures. Dilated apertures can be filled with new zircon or impact melt of a different composition. Nonplanar fractures are not necessarily diagnostic of impact shock, and could form due to other processes. B) Planar fractures. Surfaces along which cohesion has been lost. C) Solid-state recrystallization. Arrows indicate the front of recrystallization. D–F) Crystal-plastic deformation. D) Distributed strain accommodated by dislocations. E) Microstructure accommodated by discrete low-angle boundaries and distributed dislocations. F) An energetically favorable scenario where dislocations have migrated into low-angle boundaries. Arrow indicating relative temperature refers to (D–F). G) Planar deformation features. A discrete, crystallographically controlled zone of lattice damage (amorphous material). H) Microtwin lamellae. These form along {112} planes with 65 ⁄<110> relationship with host. I) Reidite lamellae. These form as microtwin lamellae within {100} planar features in the host zircon with [110]z = [100]r and (112)z = (100)r. Arrow indicating relative shock pressure refers to (G–I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-schematic-cross-section-of-the-initial-compression-6amtzqr6.png Fig. 15. A) Schematic cross section of the initial compression stage of a 10 km diameter crater forming impact event (0.1–2 s elapsed after impact). Shock pressure isobars adapted from Melosh (1989). B) Schematic cross section of event shown in (A) during crater excavation stage (6–90 min after impact). Strain distribution in (A) and (B) from geomechanical simulations of impact events by Collins et al. (2004). The form of material flow lines are after Melosh (1985, 1989). The form of isotherms adapted from Ivanov and Deutsch (1999). C) Schematic ‘‘shock-deformation mechanism map’’ showing the relative relationship between shockdeformation microstructures in zircon with pressure, temperature, and time. Each field is labeled with the dominant process. Boundaries between fields (dashed lines) are approximate, and threshold shock pressure and temperature conditions for zircon transformation to reidite and decomposition to ZrO2 are approximate and compiled from the available literature (El Goresy 1965; Liu 1979; Åberg and Bollmark 1985; Kusaba et al. 1985; Crocombette and Ghaleb 1998; Leroux et al. 1999; Fiske 1999). Threshold shock pressure for microtwins taken from Moser et al. (2011). Lower left hand side field is for impact-related NPFs only. Solid lines (A–D) represent hypothetical excursions experienced by zircon grains from different locations relative to an impactor shown in (A) and (B). Timeframes are adapted from schematic T–t paths developed for various terrestrial impact craters (Wittmann et al. 2006). D) Schematic plot to show the approximate paths for lunar zircon of this study. i) 73235,82 zircon 1. ii) 73235,59 zircon 3 and 76295,91 zircon 2. iii) 73215,122 zircon 5 and 72215,195 zircon 1. iv) rim of 73235,59 zircon 3. v) 73235,60 zircon 5. https://scispace.com/papers/resonance-light-scattering-in-dye-aggregates-forming-in-17e9io92ja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-morphology-and-uv-vis-spectra-of-dewetting-droplets-34n9t8tu.png Figure 1. Morphology and UV-Vis spectra of dewetting droplets of CyC on different structured surfaces. CyC was coated from saturated ethanol solutions at 1000 rpm, (a) on glass. (b-c) on nanostructured PCBM surfaces. (d) CyC dewetting droplets on a nanostructured PS substrate, (e) on a PCB-diyne surface, and (f) on patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), CyC coated from isopropanol. In all samples, the attenuance peaks contain a contribution of a scattering component. (g) J-aggregation trend (J/D) as a function of the droplet diameter for all templates. (h) CyC recoated on a nanostructured PCBM surface with large scale (micron range) dewetting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aggregation-in-blends-of-pcb-diyne-and-cyc-with-a-19a3darx.png Figure 2. Aggregation in blends of PCB-diyne and CyC with a molar ratio of 2:1. (a) SPM image of a PCB-diyne / CyC blend film. SPM zoom showing the CyC nano-droplet phase. (b) SPM image after removing PCB-diyne in hexane, (c) after removing CyC in tetrafluoropropanol. The size of the scale bars is 3.2 m. (d) Sketch of the phase morphology of spin-coated films. (e) UV-Vis spectra showing H- and J-aggregates and monomer (M) and dimer (D) absorption of an amorphous film (raw data). The sample was dipped in hexane for approximately 1 second and a UV-Vis spectrum was recorded. This procedure was repeated five times. The H-aggregate (H) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optical-properties-of-patterned-aggregated-dye-3s1e2wdr.png Figure 5. Optical properties of patterned aggregated dye films. (a) Scattering intensity as a function of wavelength and scattering angle for a J-aggregated film. Inset: nanostructured PCBdiyne substrate. (b) Scattering efficiency and attenuance as a function of the wavelength for Jaggregates. (c) Scattering intensity as a function of the wavelength of incoming light and scattering angle for a H-aggregated film, inset: nanostructured PCBM substrate. (d) Photograph of white light passing through a hexagonally patterned H-aggregate sample (SPM in inset) projected onto a white screen. Only the blue light is scattered. The size of the scale bars is 2.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optical-properties-of-patterned-amorphous-films-a-naoqcq6f.png Figure 4. Optical properties of patterned amorphous films. (a) Attenuance and integrated area of the first order diffracted peak for gratings made of stripes of amorphous dye. Scattering is strongly enhanced for wavelengths with the strongest variation in index of refraction. Inset: dispersion of incident white light into spectral lines. The diffraction efficiency is not wavelengthselective enough to depress scattering away from the peak at 600 nm. (b) Optical constants of a CyC film measured by ellipsometry. (c) Simulation of wavelength-dependent scattering. Scattering is observed throughout the dye absorption, but is strongest at the maximum of n. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-intraluminal-drug-and-formulation-behavior-veag93yw60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-permeability-of-caco-2-monolayers-for-the-lipophilic-1if2wx7j.png Fig. 5. Permeability of Caco-2 monolayers for the lipophilic drug danazol from intestinal fluid aspirates (squares) and their micellar phases (diamonds) as a function of the corresponding total lipid concentration. Aspirates were collected after administering a tryglyceride solution of danazol to healthy volunteers. Open symbols refer to 1:16 diluted samples; closed symbols refer to other dilutions. The total lipid concentration refers to the sum of tri-, di- and monoglycerides, fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Reprinted with permission from Vertzoni et al. (2012). Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-correlation-between-individual-plasma-tmax-values-of-35bupyxe.png Fig. 6. Correlation between individual plasma tmax-values of amprenavir and corresponding duodenal tmax-values of fosamprenavir following oral administration of a single Telzir tablet to healthy volunteers in fasted and fed state. Data from Brouwers et al. (2007a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-gastric-concentration-time-profiles-of-the-lipophilic-3d98i3gf.png Fig. 7. Gastric concentration–time profiles of the lipophilic and weakly basic drug posaconazole following administration of the oral suspension Noxafil to healthy volunteers. Posaconazole was administered in the fasted state with either water (circles) or the acidic beverage Coca-Cola (squares). The inset figure displays the corresponding gastric pH as a function of time. Data (mean ± SD, n = 5) from Walravens et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-case-study-indicating-intestinal-precipitation-of-b3j6s26a.png Fig. 8. Case study indicating intestinal precipitation of posaconazole, a poorly water so concentrations upon oral administration of the posaconazole suspension Noxafil to hea samples of a representative volunteer. (C) Physiologically based modeling (ADAM mo Reprinted with permission from Brouwers and Augustijns (2011). Data (A and B) from W https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fluoroscopic-image-of-the-position-of-two-double-lumen-2srb7pc2.png Fig. 3. Fluoroscopic image of the position of two double-lumen catheters in the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy volunteer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concentration-time-profiles-of-amprenavir-a-and-the-2fwfrbsn.png Fig. 4. Concentration–time profiles of amprenavir (A) and the surfactant TPGS (B) administration of a single dose of Agenerase (mean ± SD, n = 4). The dotted line on (A (0.18 mM). Data from Brouwers et al. (2006) and Wuyts et al. (2013). https://scispace.com/papers/resource-aware-broadcast-encryption-for-selective-sharing-in-14py1bmf0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-complete-subtree-scheme-2nvoc85h.png Fig. 2. The complete subtree scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sender-side-key-storage-3i5w3mt9.png Fig. 5. Sender-side key storage https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-client-side-code-size-for-various-btr-libraries-as-qimixn5h.png TABLE III CLIENT SIDE CODE SIZE FOR VARIOUS BTR LIBRARIES AS WELL AS THE PRODUCER/CONSUMER API https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-sender-u1-has-friends-u2-u3-un-and-would-23xgb67y.png Fig. 1. System Model: sender U1 has friends {U2, U3, . . . , Un} and would like to send a secret message to a subset of them. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-algorithmic-complexity-of-encryption-schemes-ilc5gjdt.png TABLE I ALGORITHMIC COMPLEXITY OF ENCRYPTION SCHEMES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ecs-scheme-is-initialized-with-a-block-size-of-2-2zplso02.png Fig. 3. The ECS scheme is initialized with a block size of 2 and then scaled when the third user arrives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-receiver-side-key-storage-90gmqvof.png Fig. 6. Receiver-side key storage https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-receiver-side-energy-consumption-in-joules-1xg17h0d.png TABLE II RECEIVER-SIDE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN JOULES https://scispace.com/papers/resource-based-optimization-for-simultaneous-shield-and-1oa0kcdu5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-view-of-fig-4-the-lighter-color-represents-a-1in46o6z.png Fig. 5. Top view of Fig. 4. The lighter color represents a larger amount of noise. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-three-design-cases-shown-in-fig-7-and-evaluated-in-3jxq8fig.png TABLE I THREE DESIGN CASES SHOWN IN FIG. 7 AND EVALUATED IN SPICE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-and-as-a-function-of-power-at-the-maximum-delay-350-ps-3q2os5lw.png Fig. 8. , , and as a function of power at the maximum delay (350 ps) and area (4.15 nm ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-noise-as-a-function-of-delay-at-a-constant-power-50-w-3h8gks8r.png Fig. 6. Noise as a function of delay at a constant power (50 W) and maximum allowed area (4.15 nm ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-noise-as-a-function-of-power-at-the-maximum-allowed-8ydxpi7f.png Fig. 7. Noise as a function of power at the maximum allowed delay (350 ps) and area (4.15 nm ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimization-flow-diagram-a-standard-and-b-resource-2mpmxrb0.png Fig. 1. Optimization flow diagram. (a) Standard and (b) resource based optimization processes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-analytic-and-spice-results-for-three-design-cases-1x8e42v7.png TABLE II ANALYTIC AND SPICE RESULTS FOR THREE DESIGN CASES FROM TABLE I AND FIG. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-among-shielding-repeater-insertion-and-o66rnbm7.png TABLE III COMPARISON AMONG SHIELDING, REPEATER INSERTION, AND SHIELD AND REPEATER INSERTION TECHNIQUES https://scispace.com/papers/resource-distortion-optimal-video-coding-and-communications-1e3wmtfn82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-various-codecs-183hxere.png Figure 1. Comparison of the various codecs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cost-distortion-curves-of-various-systems-3e5nn6wp.png Figure 4. Cost-distortion curves of various systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-three-approaches-393dvwq7.png Figure 3. Comparison of three approaches https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-for-children-sequence-11ptl9g2.png Figure 2. Experimental results for “Children” sequence https://scispace.com/papers/resource-management-for-power-constrained-hevc-transcoding-308fsscmzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feasible-knob-combinations-producing-near-24-fps-7mago1y0.png Table 1: Feasible knob combinations producing near-24 FPS encoding (on average), and impact on the other output metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-output-metrics-and-resource-usage-for-the-mal-1iyoqk61.png Table 4: Output metrics and resource usage for the MAL approach compared with the STATIC assignment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-avx2-turbo-frequencies-for-the-target-architecture-200v0php.png Table 2: AVX2 turbo frequencies for the target architecture depending on the number of active cores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-static-vs-mal-when-encoding-a-hr4-sequence-2g6apmuv.png Figure 8: STATIC vs MAL when encoding a HR4 sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-video-characterization-using-static-encoding-3bstdfoi.png Table 3: Video characterization using static encoding resources: 3 threads, 1.5GHz, QP=22. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-qos-b-resource-usage-and-c-quality-for-the-same-1s36kpgj.png Figure 12: (a) QoS, (b) resource usage, and (c) quality for the same 6 videos simultaneously encoded under a power cap of 75 W, using the different policies described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-top-resource-usage-by-the-mal-and-mono-agent-3fem582k.png Figure 11: Top: resource usage by the MAL and mono-agent approach. Bottom: QoS and QoE metrics obtained. The data represents average values for different combinations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-learning-evolution-of-the-mono-agent-approach-vs-4nz5o92e.png Figure 10: Learning evolution of the mono-agent approach vs multi-agent approach. Each line represents the percentage of state-action pairs that are in each phase. Top, the mono-agent approach vs the multi-agent approach (all agents combined). Bottom, a detailed view of the behavior of each agent. https://scispace.com/papers/resources-conflict-and-economic-development-in-africa-besttrjtqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nash-equilibria-in-the-ri-rj-space-2m46k4li.png Figure 4: Nash Equilibria in the (ri, rj) space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-heat-map-of-the-probability-of-conflict-by-rainfall-11tdj6vg.png Figure 8: Heat Map of the Probability of Conflict by Rainfall https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-heat-map-of-light-density-by-rainfall-n49ek6v5.png Figure 13: Heat Map of Light-Density by Rainfall https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-alternative-samples-1m93172f.png Table 4: Alternative Samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-resources-and-light-density-8dk5bbqx.png Table 8: Resources and Light Density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nash-equilibria-in-the-ri-rj-space-zmvp85ni.png Figure 6: Nash Equilibria in the (ri, rj) space https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-discontinuity-methods-effect-of-conflict-on-light-2diw0tbl.png Table 10: Discontinuity Methods: Effect of Conflict on Light Density https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-oil-and-diamonds-boe9165j.png Table 6: Oil and Diamonds https://scispace.com/papers/response-adaptive-regression-for-longitudinal-data-45f5l8dt0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-eigenfunctions-for-cd4-cell-counts-left-31e3iekc.png Figure 4: Estimated eigenfunctions for CD4 cell counts (left panel) and viral load (right panel), showing first (solid), second (dashed) and third (dash-dot, for viral load only) eigenfunctions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fitted-trajectories-of-viral-load-comparing-the-260w8yjk.png Figure 5: Fitted trajectories of viral load, comparing the fits obtained from the proposed response-adaptive regression (RARE) approach (solid) with those for the established functional linear regression model (dashed) for nine randomly selected patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-results-for-relative-mean-squared-34m0me86.png Table 1: Simulation results for relative mean squared prediction error (RMSPE, eq. (20)), for vector predictors and functional predictors with either densely sampled noisy or sparsely sampled noisy observations, comparing the proposed response-adaptive regression (RARE) with the established functional linear regression (FLIN) approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimates-of-the-mean-functions-for-cd4-cell-counts-3hm87vd4.png Figure 1: Estimates of the mean functions for CD4 cell counts (left panel) and viral load (solid, right panel) with corresponding observed individual trajectories. The dashed line in the right panel is the estimated intercept function α̂(t) in the RARE model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-log-transformed-weight-trajectories-overlaid-with-3vek0o2o.png Figure 2: Log-transformed weight trajectories overlaid with the smoothed mean function µ̂ Y (t) (left panel) and estimates of the first (solid) and second (dashed) eigenfunctions (right panel) for Brown Kiwi weight measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fitted-log-weight-curves-obtained-from-the-proposed-6tl0njtm.png Figure 3: Fitted log-weight curves obtained from the proposed response-adaptive regression (solid) and from functional linear regression (dashed) for four groups: female captive (top left), female wild (top right), male captive (bottom left) and male wild (bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/response-of-understorey-plant-communities-and-traits-to-past-1ghfgt91sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-80-sampling-points-in-the-forest-of-9f942xxq.png Fig. 1. Location of the 80 sampling points in the forest of Orléans (Loiret, France); AF: ancient forest (present in 1840 and 2006); RF/IF: recent or 638 intermediate age forest (absent in 1840 and present after this date); DEF: deforestation (present in 1840 and absent in 2006). 639 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-the-six-sampling-units-based-on-forest-1i2x01q5.png Table 1. Definition of the six sampling units based on forest continuity (according to past land use maps 602 of 1840 and aerial photographs taken in 1949) and tree species, and number of sampling points. 603 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-species-richness-of-forest-core-plants-sensu-16weepv0.png Fig. 4. Species richness of forest core plants [sensu Pellissier et al. (2013)] as a function of forest 655 continuity and tree species. The graph gives mean and standard deviation. AF: ancient forest; IF: 656 intermediate-age forest; RF: recent forest; CON: coniferous; DEC: deciduous. Model results: forest 657 continuity effect: P<0.0001; tree species effect: P=0.008; interaction: P=0.39; adjusted-R²=0.324. 658 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trait-responses-to-forest-continuity-tree-species-4ywsmatr.png Table 3. Trait responses to forest continuity, tree species and other environmental variables using RLQ: 612 fourth-corner tests (Pearson correlation coefficient r) between the first two RLQ axes for plant traits 613 (AxisQ1 and AxisQ2) and forest continuity, tree species and environmental variables. P values were 614 adjusted for multiple comparisons using the FDR (false discovery rate) procedure. See also Fig. 3 for 615 codes for environmental variables. 616 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simultaneous-ordination-of-a-forest-continuity-tree-2b5oeau2.png Fig. 3. Simultaneous ordination of (a) forest continuity, tree species and environmental variables and (b) species traits in the first RLQ factorial map. The 650 value of d gives the grid size. Codes for environmental variables: AF: ancient forest; IF: intermediate-age forest; RF: recent forest; CON: coniferous; DEC: 651 deciduous; CC >8 m: canopy cover above 8 m; CC 2-8 m: canopy cover 2–8 m (see text and Appendix S1 for details). See Table 2 for trait category code and 652 Appendix S6 for plant name code. 653 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-biplot-of-the-sampling-points-in-the-first-factorial-1auh168f.png Fig. 2. Biplot of the sampling points in the first factorial map of the CCA applied to the matrix of 80 641 sampling sites and 197 species using forest continuity and tree species as predictors. The value of d 642 gives the grid size. The plots are grouped according to stand type: AF: ancient forests; IF: intermediate-643 age forests; RF: recent forests; tree species: DEC: deciduous; CON: coniferous. The ellipses comprised 644 67% of the points on the hypothesis that the scatter is a simple random sample following a bivariate 645 normal distribution. 646 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-trait-responses-to-forest-continuity-tree-species-2k20rakm.png Table 4. Trait responses to forest continuity, tree species composition and environmental variables 619 using RLQ: fourth-corner tests (Pearson correlation coefficient r) between the first two RLQ axes for 620 environmental gradients (AxisR1 and AxisR2) and plant traits. P values were adjusted for multiple 621 comparisons using the FDR (false discovery rate) procedure. Codes for species traits are explained in 622 Table 2. 623 https://scispace.com/papers/responses-of-an-emergent-macrophyte-zizania-latifolia-to-zergh99cuf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationships-between-plant-autumn-height-of-zizania-118bsn4r.png Fig. 4 Relationships between plant autumn height of Zizania latifolia and (A) water depth in June, 593 and (B) annual water-level amplitude in all study lakes in which it occurred. Autumn height 594 represents the maximum at the end of the growing season (September or October). 595 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-submergence-depth-on-rhizome-bud-sprouting-338yj1c1.png Fig. 5 Effect of submergence depth on rhizome bud sprouting (RBS) percentage in Zizania 601 latifolia. 602 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-conceptual-summary-of-water-level-fluctuations-1mvzj2bv.png Fig. 8 Conceptual summary of water level fluctuations tolerances and requirements of Zizania 623 latifolia in (A) Lakes of low water-level amplitude; (B) Lakes of high water-level amplitude. D, 624 dormant period; RB, rhizome bud period; EG, early growth period; RG, rapid growth period; FF, 625 flowering and fruiting period. 626 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-location-of-the-24-lakes-studied-in-the-yangtze-1fsu6vpa.png Fig. 1 The location of the 24 lakes studied in the Yangtze floodplain (23) and the Huaihe basin (1), 571 China. 572 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phenology-of-growth-in-height-and-biomass-of-zizania-2q8siu5e.png Fig. 2 Phenology of growth in height and biomass of Zizania latifolia at Lake Donghu in 2015. 580 The bars indicate one standard error (n = 10). 581 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-rate-of-submergence-a-h-0-7-cm-d-1-interval-uwr1tn90.png Fig. 7 Effect of rate of submergence (A-H: 0-7 cm.d-1, interval 1 cm.d-1) on seedlings of Zizania 614 latifolia. Submergence rates: A, 0 cm.d-1; B, 1 cm.d-1; C, 2 cm.d-1; D, 3 cm.d-1; E, 4 cm.d-1; F, 5 615 cm.d-1; G, 6 cm.d-1; H, 7 cm.d-1. Bars indicate ± standard error. Height represents the length from 616 the base of the plant to the tip of the topmost unfolded leaf. Stem height represents the length from 617 the base of the plant to the top of uppermost leaf sheath. The dotted line shows the cumulative 618 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-submergence-depth-on-seedlings-of-zizania-31a32wvn.png Fig. 6 Effect of submergence depth on seedlings of Zizania latifolia over 28 days in a pond 609 experiment. Submergence depths: A, 0 m; B, 0.2 m; C, 0.4 m; D, 0.6 m; E, 0.8 m; F, 1.0 m; G, 1.2 610 m. Stem diameters (diam) at the end of the experiment are also shown. The bars indicates ±611 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-upper-and-lower-tolerance-limits-of-3ly6klh8.png Fig. 3 Distribution of upper and lower tolerance limits of water depth for Zizania latifolia in each 585 month across all lake in which it was found. (A) Lakes of low water-level amplitude; (B) Lakes of 586 high water-level amplitude. 587 https://scispace.com/papers/restenosis-treatments-using-nanoparticle-based-drug-delivery-2cibwi8ax1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-use-of-nanoparticle-based-systems-to-deliver-anti-4t6yob37.png Table 1. Use of nanoparticle-based systems to deliver anti-restenotic drugs. https://scispace.com/papers/resting-cranial-and-upper-cervical-muscle-activity-is-367v3cm73w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-muscle-power-in-the-muscle-band-for-26-jx6ffoy2.png Figure 3: Mean muscle power in the muscle band for 26 migraine subjects and 65 control subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regional-powers-mean-0-54-db-from-anova-and-p-values-kehjy8lm.png Table 5: Regional powers (mean ± 0.54 dB from ANOVA) and p values from post hoc test for region. https://scispace.com/papers/restor-y-ing-meaning-reading-manoel-de-oliveira-s-non-ou-a-1mlsui45jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-portuguese-soldiers-in-the-colonial-war-fhzih1yh.png Figure 2 Portuguese soldiers in the Colonial War. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-d-sebastiao-and-the-inverted-sword-3l5ltcdl.png Figure 1 D. Sebastião and the inverted sword. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-wounded-soldiers-gaze-1pr6xshr.png Figure 3 The wounded soldier’s gaze. https://scispace.com/papers/restoration-and-enhancement-of-underwater-under-exposure-4oh5c4noqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-entropy-and-avg-371-2qteguqg.png Table 2 Comparison of entropy and AVG 371 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-snr-comparison-347-rr5nsybs.png Table 1 SNR comparison 347 https://scispace.com/papers/restructuring-of-colloidal-cakes-during-dewatering-1nli3b4m7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-projection-images-of-the-colloidal-network-taken-6qy33it7.png Figure 13. Projection images of the colloidal network, taken at various stages of compression. The original locations of the impenetrable walls are indicated as dashed vertical lines. The volume fractions of particles in the box are respectively 0.06 (left), 0.3 (middle) and 0.63 (right, full compression). Compare with the TEM images of the real cakes, shown in Figures 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-macroscopic-compression-laws-of-cakes-a-applied-1q5sc8sd.png Figure 8. Macroscopic compression laws of cakes. (a): Applied osmotic pressure as a function of the volume fraction of solids in the cake. The symbols refer to the original suspensions: , Ludox-Al137+; , fresh Ludox-Ca2+; , aged Ludox-Ca2+; O, Klebosol - Al137+; Δ, Klebosol - Ca2+. (b): Same plot for the average interparticle force (osmotic pressure multiplied by the square of the particle diameter and divided by the volume fraction - see equation /6/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zeta-potentials-of-colloidal-aggregates-2a-2mfg3wpp.png Figure 2. Zeta potentials of colloidal aggregates. (2a) Aggregates made by addition of Al137+ polycations to silica dispersions at pH = 8. Filled diamonds: Ludox. Open squares: Klebosol. The reversal of the zeta potential results from the accumulation of Al137+ on the silica surfaces. (2b) Aggregates made by addition of Ca2+ cations to silica dispersions at pH = 8. Filled diamonds: Ludox. The reduction in zeta potential results from screening of surface charges by Ca2+. Open squares: Klebosol. The reversal in zeta potential results from accumulation Ca2+ on silica surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tem-image-taken-from-the-middle-of-a-slice-cut-szuunmsr.png Figure 5. TEM image taken from the middle of a slice cut through a Klebosol - Al137+ cake. The slice has about the same thickness as the particle diameter (70 nm), hence it is a 2-dimensional section through the aggregates. The scale bar is 500 nm. Note that there is no preferred orientation of the aggregates despite the fact that the cake was made through application of uniaxal pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-structure-factors-from-ludox-cakes-made-by-2fsozfbz.png Figure 10. Structure factors from Ludox cakes made by dewatering and compression of suspensions aggregated by Ca2+. Symbols: (), original suspension; (Δ), cake made from the fresh suspension and compressed to 100 kPa; (), cake made from the fresh suspension and compressed to 300 kPa; (+), cake made from the aged suspension and compressed to 300 kPa. Identical structure factors are obtained with a shift in pressure scales for cakes made from fresh suspensions (smaller aggregates) and aged suspensions (larger aggregates). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-compression-curves-of-model-aggregates-obtained-1aolt0cn.png Figure 14. Compression curves of model aggregates, obtained through numerical simulation. The steep rise of pressure (Π ≈ φ4.4) in the upper set of data (Δ, bond rupture energy Ed> 360) corresponds to an elastic response of the particle network; the slower power law (Π ≈ φ1.7) in the intermediate sets of data (♦, Ed = 9, and O, Ed = 4) to a plastic response where bonds are continuously broken and created; the lower sets (full lines, Ed = 0.04) to a fragile network that is unable to withstand any applied pressure. The compression behavior of these aggregates at large φ can be compared with the experimental results shown in figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-structure-factors-of-aggregated-ludox-suspensions-a-1a5rztbq.png Figure 6. Structure factors of aggregated Ludox suspensions. (a): Silica particles aggregated by addition of Al137+, flocculation times () 1/2 hour, (+) 2 days and () 3 days. The power-law decay is characteristic of colloidal aggregates with a self-similar structure; the fractal exponent, deduced from the slope of the plots, is df = 2.1. The absence of a peak at a distance equal to the particle diameter indicates that each silica particle has a small number of nearest neighbors (3 to 4). (b): Silica particles aggregated by addition of Ca2+ cations, flocculation times () 1/2 hour, (+) 2 days and () 3 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-structure-factors-s-q-from-ludox-cakes-made-by-2bfplr2z.png Figure 9. Structure factors S(Q) from Ludox cakes made by dewatering and compression of the suspension aggregated by Al137+. Symbols: (), original suspension; (), cake made at 100 kPa; (), 200 kPa; (+), 300 kPa; (), 400 kPa. At intermediate Q values (region B), the structure factors of the cakes are depressed with respect to that of the suspension. This is caused by stronger interparticle interferences, due to the higher particle concentration. At higher Q values (region A), corresponding to distances of nearest neighbors (0.04 Å-1), S(Q) is unchanged, indicating that the structure retains the low coordination of the original aggregates. https://scispace.com/papers/results-for-the-may-19-2010-inadvertent-transfer-to-the-whintlh8m6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-of-the-analytes-measured-in-the-hopper-10c0um8s.png Table 1. Concentration of the Analytes Measured in the Hopper Slurry Sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-flow-diagram-from-the-sft-to-vault-4-usfeh009.png Figure 1-1. Flow diagram from the SFT to Vault 4. https://scispace.com/papers/restructuring-of-public-enterprises-as-source-of-increasing-2wuhycvduz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-position-of-the-observed-countries-25s76xhb.png Table 5: Relative position of the observed countries according to The Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-enterprises-with-the-state-ownership-share-1fqw2lrw.png Table 4: Number of enterprises with the state ownership share in the Republic of Croatia on December 31, 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-number-of-public-enterprises-in-the-republic-1fmmnuz4.png Table 1: Total number of public enterprises in the Republic of Serbia Dec 31, 2009 – Dec 31, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-public-enterprises-according-to-the-sector-of-ikr08w1w.png Table 2: Public enterprises according to the sector of activities in the Republic of Serbia – Dec 31, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relative-ranking-of-the-observed-countries-according-ju9qvp0h.png Table 6: Relative ranking of the observed countries according to pillars of competitiveness https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-state-owned-enterprises-in-the-republic-of-slovenia-i5nhbrp4.png Table 3: State-owned enterprises in the Republic of Slovenia – end of the year 2010 2 - https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-pancreaticoduodenectomy-in-patients-with-44zhgcsebb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-literature-with-analysis-of-perineural-2gtl4nph.png TABLE 3. Overview of Literature With Analysis of Perineural Growth as a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Patients With Periampullary Carcinoma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-survival-rates-in-patients-with-resected-1h05zhjf.png FIGURE 4. Survival rates in patients with resected periampullary carcinoma. Other diagnosis ampulla of Vater, distal bile duct or duodenum carcinoma without perineural invasion. Pancreas pancreatic head carcinoma without perineural invasion. Pancreas pancreatic head carcinoma with perineural invasion. Other diagnoses ampulla of Vater, distale bile duct, or duodenal carcinoma with perineural invasion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survival-rate-after-resection-in-patients-with-3dhcstql.png FIGURE 3. Survival rate after resection in patients with periampullary carcinoma with (perineural ) or without (perineural ) perineural growth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-perineural-growth-glandular-structures-of-the-ffnhbbyl.png FIGURE 1. Perineural growth: glandular structures of the adenocarcinoma (asterisks) are present within the perineurium of a nerve (arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-survival-rate-for-patients-with-periampullary-3i0yl2wc.png FIGURE 2. Survival rate for patients with periampullary carcinoma and R0, R1, R2 resection, or no resection. https://scispace.com/papers/results-on-ultra-precise-magnet-yoke-sectors-assembly-tests-1cyrcnpszi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-yoke-assembly-precision-obtained-with-the-a-method-6sr3q5zr.png TABLE I YOKE ASSEMBLY PRECISION OBTAINED WITH THE A) METHOD “STRAIGHT PLANES” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-standard-assembly-procedure-from-top-left-to-bottom-1ev3cdu8.png Fig. 6. Standard assembly procedure (from top left to bottom right) used for all the assembly tests: assembly with light torque—increase torque systematically—complete applying a measured torque of 10 N · m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-assembly-procedure-used-for-the-test-of-the-straight-1qoossdj.png Fig. 7. Assembly procedure used for the test of the “straight planes” method. 1) Pre-assembly. 2) Adjustment (arrow) to 5 μm tolerance of the pole centers. 3) Tighten with a torque of 10 N · m. 4) Assembly of the 3rd quadrant. 5) Assembly of the last 4th quadrant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-manufactured-test-pieces-by-edm-in-a-configuration-2-1kib1b1r.png Fig. 4. Manufactured test pieces (by EDM) in a configuration 2 layout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-individually-measured-regions-to-check-the-machining-1f7j76c3.png Fig. 5. Individually measured regions to check the machining precision and tolerances are: on the left the mating surfaces (reference planes A and B); on the center the pole profile region; on the right the pole cylindrical part. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-section-of-the-dummy-test-quadrants-39tklpxk.png Fig. 3. Cross section of the dummy test quadrants. Configuration 2—with: “assembly with step” assembly method for all four mating surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-the-dummy-test-quadrants-y5qoa47b.png Fig. 2. Cross section of the dummy test quadrants. Configuration 1—with: “straight plane” assembly method and/or “V-grooves with pins” for the horizontal and vertical mating surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quadrant-assembly-precision-obtained-with-the-b-2drl7tbe.png TABLE II QUADRANT ASSEMBLY PRECISION OBTAINED WITH THE B) METHOD “V-GROOVES WITH PINS” https://scispace.com/papers/results-using-active-quench-protection-strip-heaters-on-a-4se5k94h26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-strip-heaters-1-2-and-3-times-and-i2dt-vs-heater-1uls8vg4.png Figure 5. Strip Heaters 1, 2 and 3: Times and /I2dt vs. Heater Voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-magnet-current-and-i2-dt-vs-time-when-1-2-and-3-1uckwaoy.png Figure 6. Magnet Current and / I2 dt vs. Time when 1, 2 and 3 strip heaters are powered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-strip-heater-1-times-and-l2dt-vs-capacitance-3rtlaehy.png Figure 7. Strip Heater 1: Times and /l2dt vs. Capacitance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-strip-heater-1-times-and-l2dt-vs-magnet-current-1vmibuxj.png Figure 8. Strip Heater 1: Times and/l2dt vs. Magnet Current. https://scispace.com/papers/resurgence-of-yellow-fever-in-brazil-overview-and-possible-g7ip7ac6ng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yellow-fever-morbidities-in-brazil-from-1980-till-1ivrakdu.png Figure 1. Yellow fever morbidities in Brazil from 1980 till March 2017 [4] https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distribution-of-yellow-fever-cases-in-various-states-1o6lspjr.png Table I. Distribution of yellow fever cases in various states of Brazil [4] https://scispace.com/papers/retail-choice-experiments-comparing-early-adopterexperience-3gt3f5k4b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-customers-current-choice-of-suppliers-neep36lf.png Figure 7: Customers’ Current Choice of Suppliers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8a-customer-preferences-of-suppliers-for-future-1ycng0wx.png Figure 8A: Customer Preferences of Suppliers for Future Purchases in California https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8b-customer-preferences-of-suppliers-for-future-2rkf3oo2.png Figure 8A: Customer Preferences of Suppliers for Future Purchases in California https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-relative-benefits-in-other-states-lrvnv69k.png Figure 5B: Relative Benefits in Other States https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-customer-perception-of-desirable-services-in-3v0pfzt1.png Figure 6A: Customer Perception of Desirable Services in California https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-procurement-time-and-future-ease-of-selection-3i9otz50.png Table 2: Procurement Time and Future Ease of Selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-of-customer-criteria-selection-of-304d2o3m.png Table 3: Mean Values of Customer Criteria Selection of Supplier (1=Lowest, 5=Highest) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resp-selection-method-and-number-of-responses-zl95joze.png Figure 3: RESP Selection Method and Number of Responses https://scispace.com/papers/retailers-merchandise-organization-and-price-perceptions-3t1nynvd80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-integrating-results-from-studies-1-3-a-3cwrhyvn.png Table 5 Integrating Results from Studies 1 & 3 a https://scispace.com/papers/retention-and-release-of-copper-on-montmorillonite-as-1ame5f933s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentages-of-cu-ii-desorbed-versus-the-in-it-ia-l-a8yx9eip.png Figure 5. Percentages of Cu(II) desorbed versus the in it ia l amounts of Cu used in simultaneous (a ) and successive (b) adsorpt ion , a t var ious chlordimeform concent ra t ions: 0 (O), 0.3 (0), 0.5 (b) and 1.0 (9) mM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-freundlich-constan-ts-and-corre-lation-coe-ffic-ien-2nnta1kt.png Table 1. Freundlich Constan ts and Corre lation Coe ffic ien ts for Cu Adsorption on Montmorillon ite in the Absence and Pre sence of Ch lordime form https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-freundlich-constan-ts-and-corre-lation-coe-ffic-ien-2p8av0lx.png Table 2. Freundlich Constan ts and Corre lation Coe ffic ien ts for Cu Adsorption on Montmorillon ite in the Absence of Ch lordime form and When the Clay Is P revious ly Treated w ith the P estic ide https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cu-ii-kd-va-lues-as-funct-ion-of-the-amount-of-cu-j04p2jcn.png Figure 3. Cu(II) KD va lues as funct ion of the amount of Cu adsorbed in simultaneous (a) and successive (b) adsorpt ion , a t var ious chlordimeform concent ra t ions: 0 (O), 0.3 (0), 0.5 (4), and 1.0 (b) mmol L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adsorpt-ion-isotherm-of-cu-ii-on-montmor-illon-ite-45l83cie.png Figure 1. Adsorpt ion isotherm of Cu(II) on montmor illon ite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adsorpt-ion-isotherms-of-cu-ii-on-montmor-illon-ite-1rrdrdfx.png Figure 2. Adsorpt ion isotherms of Cu(II) on montmor illon ite from chlordimeform-free solu t ions (0), in compar ison with simultaneous (4) and successive (O) Cu adsorpt ion , a t var ious chlordimeform concent ra t ions: 0.3 (a), 0.5 (b), and 1.0 (c) mM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-adsorpt-ion-desorpt-ion-isotherms-of-cu-on-mont-mor-28h9w103.png Figure 4. Adsorpt ion-desorpt ion isotherms of Cu on mont - mor illon ite from chlordimeform-free solu t ions (a ) and in the presence of 1 mM chlordimeform: (b) simultaneous and (c) successive. https://scispace.com/papers/rethinking-the-actor-in-service-research-toward-a-processual-3gapsxow8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-personal-identity-as-the-outcome-and-enabler-of-the-1y7b6ggv.png Figure 2. Personal identity as the outcome and enabler of the multiplicity of the social identities associated with overlapping service ecosystems https://scispace.com/papers/retinal-image-processing-in-biometrics-1dji9f1gs1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-non-mydriatic-auto-fundus-camera-afc-330-14t66dz4.png Figure 5: Non-Mydriatic Auto Fundus Camera AFC-330 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-topcon-3d-oct-2000-https-www-mediconsult-ch-with-3v97po20.png Figure 4: Topcon 3D OCT-2000 (https://www.mediconsult.ch/) with Digital https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-segmented-vessel-tree-b-vessel-tree-with-3vu83iht.png Figure 14: (a): segmented vessel tree; (b) vessel tree with bifurcation points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-retinal-fundus-image-its-segmented-vessels-and-the-19jvgk2p.png Figure 12: Retinal fundus image, its segmented vessels and the bifurcation points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-blood-vessel-segmentation-in-od-border-gbexl21k.png Figure 13: blood vessel segmentation in OD border https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-retina-anatomy-1vscnk98.png Figure 1: Retina anatomy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-glaucoma-impact-to-the-optic-nerve-head-29-b-198vklc9.png Figure 17: (a) glaucoma impact to the optic nerve head [29]; (b) healthy fundus  image; (c) glaucoma fundus image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-main-components-of-the-optical-system-of-the-d-2pde5okh.png Figure 11: The main components of the optical system of the D-Eye module [14]. https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-constraints-and-word-frequency-distributions-a-log-dhdrihv9d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-log-p-x-x-for-th-0-5-0-05-0-005-ndmw2fb9.png Fig. 2 log P (X > x) for θ ∈ {0.5, 0.05, 0.005} https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-the-chi-square-statistics-for-the-j8w1lmo6.png Fig. 3 Distribution of the Chi-square statistics for the Poisson and the BNB/log-logistic distributions on the ROBUST collection https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-1dodb33z.png Table 1 Notations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lgd-versus-bm25-after-10-splits-bold-indicates-best-2bmrvldv.png Table 5 LGD versus BM25 after 10 splits; bold indicates best performance, ∗ significant difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-inl-versus-log-logistic-after-10-splits-bold-3cnq0nyi.png Table 6 INL versus Log-Logistic after 10 splits; bold indicates best performance, ∗ significant difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lm-dirichlet-versus-log-logistic-after-10-splits-38w5vwm1.png Table 4 LM-Dirichlet versus Log-Logistic after 10 splits; bold indicates best performance, ∗ significant difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lm-jelinek-mercer-versus-log-logistic-after-10-ldfoe6dr.png Table 3 LM-Jelinek-Mercer versus Log-Logistic after 10 splits; bold indicates best performance, ∗ significant difference https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-map-against-lambda-rob-t-are-plot-on-the-left-side-and-53jcr843.png Fig. 4 MAP against lambda. ROB-t are plot on the left side and ROB-d on the right side https://scispace.com/papers/retrospective-labelling-in-premise-conclusion-metatext-an-35j5d0wmk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lexical-range-of-pq-retrospective-labels-1j55eozg.png Table 2 Lexical range of PQ retrospective labels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ideational-meaning-of-modifiers-in-pq-retrospective-ywmdzgnq.png Table 5 Ideational meaning of modifiers in PQ retrospective labelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explicit-vs-fuzzy-vs-implicit-pq-retrospective-34m8epn3.png Table 1 Explicit vs. Fuzzy vs. implicit PQ retrospective labels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-modification-in-pq-retrospective-labelling-with-3u1eg2qn.png Table 4 Modification in PQ retrospective labelling with deictic + modified lexical item structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluative-pq-retrospective-labels-2zrp9sup.png Table 3 Evaluative PQ retrospective labels https://scispace.com/papers/retrospective-study-of-diffuse-intrinsic-pontine-glioma-in-vvqs9cu1ig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-new-diagnosed-cases-per-year-dots-and-estimated-slopes-2dhvfink.png Fig. 1 New diagnosed cases per year (dots) and estimated slopes over time. Slope 1—all years included, patients from one centre excluded. Slope 2—patients from all centres included from 2000 onwards https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-os-rates-of-patients-treated-with-rt-alone-blue-163y8dkz.png Fig. 3 a OS rates of patients treated with RT alone (blue curve) vs RT and chemotherapy (green curve). b OS rates of patients treated with RT alone (blue curve) or with a combination of RT and cytotoxic therapy (green curve) or targeted therapy (purple curve) or both (black curve) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-kaplan-meier-plot-of-the-estimated-overall-survival-2n2zhwn0.png Fig. 2 a Kaplan–Meier plot of the estimated overall survival rate of study patients. b Kaplan– Meier plot of progression-free survival rate of study patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatment-characteristics-3pfrpq8f.png Table 1 Treatment characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemotherapeutic-agents-and-regimens-used-1k7pg26i.png Table 2 Chemotherapeutic agents and regimens used https://scispace.com/papers/returns-to-education-through-access-to-higher-paying-firms-45dglfqqb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-weekly-wage-from-main-employer-by-1sn0bcgd.png Table 2. Differences in weekly wage from main employer by degree https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-on-final-sample-by-higher-1z5of6mi.png Table 1. Summary Statistics on Final Sample by Higher Education Degree https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-density-of-estimated-firm-effects-by-degree-type-15xz8o2e.png Figure 1. Density of estimated firm effects by degree type https://scispace.com/papers/returns-to-education-in-professional-football-317qbxxwwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-kernel-density-fcz2p1qz.png Figure 6: Estimated Kernel Density https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-key-variables-2yvyfvbc.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of key variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-effect-of-entry-age-on-rookie-contracts-1vbpylce.png Table 2: Estimated Effect of Entry Age on Rookie Contracts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-salary-in-rookie-season-over-draft-years-31w84aim.png Figure 4: Average Salary in Rookie Season over Draft Years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-probability-of-playing-in-the-next-season-aymwm8vt.png Table 5: Estimated probability of playing in the next season. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-salary-in-rookie-season-over-quarter-of-35xruolw.png Figure 5: Average Salary in Rookie Season over Quarter of Birth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-month-of-birth-627cn1qo.png Figure 1: Distribution of Month of Birth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-month-of-birth-on-entry-age-into-the-f5wjr1c5.png Table 4: The Effect of Month of Birth on Entry Age into the NFL. https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-pivoting-in-conceptual-information-systems-x6gaoh8jka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-power-scale-syear-spos-p-8fynifgo.png Fig. 6. The power scale (SYear &SPoS)P https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-schema-from-figure-1-as-schema-of-a-conceptual-2tdq17qi.png Fig. 3. The schema from Figure 1 as schema of a Conceptual Information System. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-scale-prism-showing-the-distribution-of-the-amount-17vy13x2.png Fig. 8. A scale prism showing the distribution of the amount of money spent per customer in several time intervals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-scale-stime-2fq7pw6z.png Fig. 4. The scale STime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-snowflake-schema-2oi22soe.png Fig. 1. Example of a snowflake schema https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-iceberg-lattice-of-the-power-scale-syear-spos-p-3k0wxp5z.png Fig. 7. An iceberg lattice of the power-scale (SYear&SPoS)P https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-power-scale-sptime-krc6npah.png Fig. 5. The power scale SPTime https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-reverse-pivot-from-a-transaction-oriented-to-a-2p45jhni.png Fig. 2. The Reverse-Pivot from a transaction-oriented to a customer-oriented data model https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-dram-operating-guardbands-through-workload-aware-37zigy2lht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-spearmans-coeffitient-for-249-program-features-22oaxsdo.png Fig. 7. The Spearman’s coeffitient for 249 program features andWER and PUE . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-marginal-trefp-predicted-by-the-model-for-dram-geeg3sfc.png Fig. 11. The marginal TREFP predicted by the model for DRAM operating at 50 ◦C (a), 60 ◦C (b) and 70 ◦C (c). The DRAM power savings provided by the governor (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-marginal-trefp-predicted-by-the-model-for-lulesh-wo3qd2t6.png Fig. 12. The marginal TREFP predicted by the model for lulesh at 70 ◦C(a); The DRAM power when TREFP and VDD are scaled(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interaction-between-workloads-and-the-memory-subsystem-3a8159bu.png Fig. 1. Interaction between workloads and the memory subsystem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-overview-of-the-governor-the-data-collection-and-2cukd3mv.png Fig. 8. Overview of the governor, the data collection and training processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pdf-a-and-cdf-b-for-the-number-of-ces-manifested-2bkitrpo.png Fig. 9. PDF (a) and CDF(b) for the number of CEs manifested before an UE (for DIMM2 under 2.283 s at 70 ◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-dram-errors-ecc-secded-1k7sssu5.png TABLE 1 Types of DRAM errors (ECC SECDED) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-x-gene2-server-fig-4-temperature-controller-board-1u4go9r4.png Fig. 3. The X-Gene2 server Fig. 4. Temperature controller board. https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-state-transfer-between-light-and-a-single-trapped-3xb2aq7knu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-ratio-r-of-adiabatic-transfer-probability-qjhmfizy.png FIG. 4 (color online). Ratio r of adiabatic transfer probability to incoherent transfer probability versus arrival time t1 for the incident coherent pulse 1. Red data points ( ): r versus t1 (experiment). Solid red curve: r vs t1 (computer simulation). Dotted black curve: coherent component rc vs t1 (simulation). Dashed blue curve: incoherent component ri vs t1 (simulation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-ratios-ra-ri-for-photon-generation-as-a-1du1bq1k.png FIG. 5 (color online). Ratios Ra ; Ri for photon generation as a function of the relative phase between the 1;2 fields. Red data points ( ): Ra for adiabatic state transfer with 1 on. Blue points ( ): Ri for the incoherent process with 1 off. The full curve is a fit to obtain the fringe visibility va ’ 0:46 0:03. On average, each point represents about 130 atoms. The error bars represent statistical fluctuations from atom to atom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-timing-diagram-the-upper-curve-shows-the-2gn88sjn.png FIG. 3 (color online). Timing diagram: the upper curve shows the 1 and 2 pulses; the lower curve shows the 1 and 2 pulses. Each of these pulses can be turned on or off independently. Here t is the delay between the falling edge of 1 and the rising edge of 2. By enabling various combinations of these pulses, and/or varying the relative phase between 1 and 2, we perform different measurements on the atom [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-of-the-experiment-the-probe-t-t08h8vg5.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Schematic of the experiment. The probe t resonantly drives the cavity through input mirror Min; the classical field t excites the atom transverse to the cavity axis. Photons emitted from the output mirror Mout are directed to a pair of avalanche photodiodes. (b) Atomic level diagram. Double arrow g indicates the coherent atom-cavity coupling, and t is the classical field. The cavity and field are bluedetuned from atomic resonance by . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-illustration-of-the-protocol-of-ref-6-for-1g8wzub6.png FIG. 1 (color online). Illustration of the protocol of Ref. [6] for quantum state transfer and entanglement distribution from system A to system B. By expanding to a larger set of interconnected cavities, complex quantum networks can be realized. https://scispace.com/papers/review-of-battery-electric-vehicle-propulsion-systems-4a6x9rgvyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-layout-2-1v256ec3.png Figure 3 Layout 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-locker-concept-2x6wlqs9.png Figure 7 Locker concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-bales-mccoin-inc-concept-8cykqunn.png Figure 17 Bales-McCoin Inc. concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-1-815noybz.png Figure 2 Layout 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-comparison-of-the-four-concepts-106ffzph.png Figure 18 Comparison of the four concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-electromechanical-transmission-h728dltq.png Figure 8 Electromechanical transmission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fwb-topologies-2og7ipf3.png Figure 1 FWB Topologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ge-concept-16fmfiqn.png Figure 9 GE concept https://scispace.com/papers/reviewing-as-social-practice-institutional-constraints-on-4gln5xvgfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reviewers-attention-according-to-author-s-year-of-11o2tk7t.png Table 4 Reviewers' attention according to author's year of birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reviewers-attention-according-to-type-of-publishing-3ortlv4k.png Table 3 Reviewers' attention according to type of publishing house https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-production-of-reviews-according-to-type-of-5islrr5j.png Table 6 Production of reviews according to type of periodical https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reviewers-attention-according-to-geographical-origin-1rd20y8m.png Table 2 Reviewers' attention according to geographical origin and genre https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reviewers-attention-for-the-supply-of-new-fiction-3knhgk1r.png Table 1 Reviewers' attention for the supply of new fiction titles https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-multiple-regression-analysis-of-the-number-of-34j8t5d6.png Table 9 Multiple regression analysis of the number of reviews devoted to new fiction titles with six and three predictors, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-reviews-devoted-by-regular-and-occasional-reviewers-3f2ezas6.png Table 8 Reviews(%) devoted by regular and occasional reviewers to titles that received considerable, moderate and little attention https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reviewers-attention-for-first-book-publications-and-38y2mswj.png Table 5 Reviewers' attention for first book publications and other new titles https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-external-validity-concerns-about-trolley-problems-1n2scgibya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-published-papers-that-explicitly-discuss-au274sg7.png Figure 1 Number of published papers that explicitly discuss trolley problems https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-interlibrary-loan-best-practices-still-viable-3sbx7tlyz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-turnaround-time-for-filled-requests-within-gwla-1vqg7xh4.png Table 1 Turnaround time for filled requests within GWLA https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-linear-programming-relaxation-approach-to-2ud263qemx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-incrementally-adding-zero-constraints-eucnpd62.png Fig. 2. Incrementally adding zero constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tightening-the-lp-relaxation-by-adding-short-cycles-3uiorfea.png TABLE 1 Tightening the LP relaxation by adding short cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-rationale-for-social-normative-interventions-4p6fb7fb34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alcohol-consumption-patterns-1auaxk7x.png Table 1: Alcohol consumption patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictive-analysis-of-key-influences-on-consumption-3acpi6f2.png Table 2: Predictive analysis of key influences on consumption https://scispace.com/papers/reynolds-dependence-of-turbulent-skin-friction-drag-4mb84pw790 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-turbulent-channel-flow-modified-by-uz4f8gqd.png Figure 1. Schematic of a turbulent channel flow modified by streamwise-travelling waves of spanwise wall velocity, with amplitude A, streamwise wavenumber κ and angular frequency ω. λ is the streamwise wavelength and c is the phase speed of the waves. Lx, Ly = 2h and Lz are the dimensions of the computational domain in the streamwise, wall-normal and spanwise directions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-drag-reduction-ra-at-constant-forcing-6u2pujli.png Figure 3. Map of drag reduction RA+ at constant forcing amplitude for streamwise traveling waves at A+ = 12, for Reτ = 200 (a) and Reτ = 1000 (b). Contours are spaced by 0.1, negative contours are dashed. The thick white line corresponds to zero drag change while the dash-dotted line is the locus of points where R = Rm,A+−δR, and the cross indicates the position of Rm,A+ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-map-of-b-for-streamwise-traveling-waves-at-a-12-3tgle61t.png Figure 13. Map of ∆B∗ for streamwise traveling waves at A∗ = 12, for Reτ = 200 (a) and Reτ = 1000 (b). Contours are spaced by 1, negative contours are dashed. The thick white line corresponds to ∆B∗ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-small-box-upper-half-and-large-box-1xdfr80x.png Table 1. Details of the small-box (upper half) and large-box (lower half) simulations. Every caseset is detailed in terms of simulation type (CFR or CPG), number of cases Ncases, values of bulk Reynolds number Reb and friction Reynolds number Reτ , length and width of the computational domain in inner and outer units, number of Fourier modes in the homogeneous directions (additional modes are used for dealiasing, according to the 3/2 rule) and collocation points in the wall-normal direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-map-of-the-difference-between-b-at-ret-200-and-b-39f4a18i.png Figure 14. Map of the difference between ∆B∗ at Reτ = 200 and ∆B ∗ at Reτ = 1000 for A∗ = 12. Contour lines from 0 to 3 in 10 steps. The thick dashed line marks the region of large drag reduction, i.e. R > 0.3, at Reτ = 200. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drag-reduction-rate-r-versus-period-of-wall-3hacz1xt.png Figure 2. Drag reduction rate R versus period of wall oscillation T+ at A+ = 12 in reference scaling (a) and versus T ∗ at A∗ = 7 in actual scaling (b). Black (darker) color identifies low-Re data, and red (lighter) color corresponds to high-Re data. Present data are identified by lines, with shaded area representing the corresponding interval at 95% confidence level. In panel (a), open symbols are from Gatti & Quadrio (2013), while letters within symbols identify literature data: Q, Quadrio & Ricco (2004); T, Touber & Leschziner (2012); H, Hurst et al. (2014) with the higher Reynolds data at Reτ = 800. In panel (b), symbols are present data for large-box simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-maximum-net-power-saving-sm-a-a-and-maximum-control-1wybhnro.png Figure 8. Maximum net power saving Sm,A (a) and maximum control gain Gm,A (b) as function of the forcing amplitude. Lines and symbols as in figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-drag-reductionrm-a-as-function-of-the-ualpdoe2.png Figure 7. Maximum drag reductionRm,A as function of the forcing amplitude. Black continuous line and symbols are for low-Re data, and red dashed line and symbols are for hig-Re data. At each Re, open symbols refer to reference scaling (Rm,A+ against A+), and closed symbols to actual scaling (Rm,A∗ against A∗). As in figure 2, open symbols with letters are literature data. Note that Quadrio et al. (2009) assumed reference inner scaling for the optimal (ω+, κ+) pair determined at A+ = 12. https://scispace.com/papers/rf-measurements-results-of-the-final-brazed-sparc-rf-5d4dgqx5mu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-first-cell-field-amplitude-sensitivity-at-different-cvst4dzz.png Figure 8: First cell field amplitude sensitivity at different tuner positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-sensitivity-at-different-tuner-positions-xpcxrxhu.png Figure 7: Frequency sensitivity at different tuner positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-measured-on-axis-h-field-in-the-brazed-tuned-cavity-3ofszqye.png Figure 9: Measured on axis H field in the brazed tuned cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurement-setup-with-the-device-before-brazing-1tosm7bk.png Figure 4: Measurement setup with the device before brazing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-on-axis-h-field-in-the-not-tuned-cavity-2rrlojkc.png Figure 5: Measured on axis H field in the not tuned cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-reflection-coefficient-at-the-input-port-1bg8ou2o.png Figure 3: Measured reflection coefficient at the input port. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rf-deflector-installed-in-sparc-2xxseg4j.png Figure 6: RF deflector installed in SPARC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sparc-rf-deflector-main-dimensions-and-parameters-3nm1zk54.png Table 1: SPARC RF deflector main dimensions and parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/rf-capacitance-voltage-characterization-of-mosfets-with-high-3penzusvdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inversion-capacitance-and-gate-leakage-current-density-1sbxiick.png Fig. 5. Inversion capacitance and gate leakage current density of a high- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-section-of-a-capacitor-or-transistor-with-an-1mjagfpq.png Fig. 3. Cross section of a capacitor (or transistor), with an approximated equivalent circuit in accumulation. All components in this diagram are bias dependent exceptRgate ,RSD andRwell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-capacitance-voltage-curve-of-a-w-l-384-m-0-18-m-1t5800ml.png Fig. 2. Left: capacitance-voltage curve of a W/L = 384 m/0.18 m NMOS RF transistor as measured at various frequencies, after de-embedding. Right: real and imaginary parts ofY11 as a function of frequency atVg = -2.5 V. The dashed line shows the trend of a capacitor without series resistance. https://scispace.com/papers/rgd-functionalized-fe3o4-nanoparticles-for-magnetic-4vkcgvs8mj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-average-diameter-measured-by-tem-dtem-and-3gr2ro0r.png Table 1. Particle average diameter measured by TEM (DTEM) and XRD (DXRD), organic content, saturation magnetization at 300K (MS and blocking temperature (TB) determined by FC-ZFC curve, g effective value measured by EMR and SAR values of the NP samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-images-and-size-distributions-of-samples-a-25og2dfq.png Figure 2. TEM images and size distributions of samples (A) Fe3O4_A, (B) Fe3O4_B, (C) Fe3O4_C and (D) Fe3O4_D. Image of interplanar distances of sample Fe3O4_A (E) and indexed Electron Diffraction Pattern from selected area of sample Fe3O4_B (F). TEM images of (G) Fe3O4_B_PMAO, (H) Fe3O4_B_DMSA and (I) Fe3O4_B_TESPMA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-emr-measurements-of-fe3o4-a-b-c-and-d-left-and-g-36sz1s6z.png Figure 5. EMR measurements of Fe3O4_A, B, C and D (left) and g factor variation with nanoparticles sizes (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sar-values-of-toluene-dispersed-nanoparticle-aaa3lcz1.png Figure 6. SAR values of toluene dispersed nanoparticle samples measured by AC magnetometry at different magnetic field intensities (Happ) and frequencies. Comparasion of toluene dispersed Fe3O4_B sample and water dispersed sample Fe3O4_B_PMAO at different magnetic field intensities (field frequency was 676 kHz). https://scispace.com/papers/rheology-modification-in-mixed-shape-colloidal-dispersions-15uw3fmcl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kelvin-model-parameters-for-creep-curves-of-2cfdj2sn.png Table 2 Kelvin model parameters for creep curves of hectorite 2.5 wt% gel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-creep-curves-for-hectorite-2-5-wt-imposed-stresses-0-5-2c8906fd.png Fig. 5 Creep curves for Hectorite 2.5 wt%; imposed stresses 0.5 Pa, 4.5 Pa, 5 Pa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kelvin-model-parameters-for-creep-curves-of-boehmite-b4mclfj9.png Table 4 Kelvin model parameters for creep curves of boehmite 2.5 wt% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-frequency-sweep-for-boehmite-at-two-different-35z50m4p.png Fig. 11 Frequency sweep for boehmite at two different concentrations for recovered gel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-post-creep-viscosity-as-a-function-of-applied-stress-18bmksvq.png Fig. 12 Post-creep viscosity as a function of applied stress for boehmite 2.5 wt%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-schematic-diagram-of-controlled-shear-rate-flow-3g1qcjd9.png Fig. 18 Schematic diagram of controlled shear-rate-flow curves observed for hectorite, boehmite and gibbsite gels. Solid line: shear rate increasing from 1023 s21. Dashed line: shear rate decreasing from 500 s21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-amplitude-sweep-for-boehmite-at-two-different-14337v7m.png Fig. 10 Amplitude sweep for boehmite at two different concentrations. (a) Broken gel, (b) recovered gel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flow-curves-for-hectorite-at-two-different-1vjser44.png Fig. 9 Flow curves for hectorite at two different concentrations for recovered gels: (a) shear stress–controlled shear rate, (b) controlled shear stress–shear rate, (c) viscosity–controlled shear stress. https://scispace.com/papers/ribosomal-synthesis-and-folding-of-peptide-helical-aromatic-1i9ahawxai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l-in-vitro-translation-of-oligomeric-foldamer-3jgg7pbe.png Figure 2 l In vitro translation of oligomeric foldamer-peptide/protein hybrids. a, Formulae of the expected targets (using substrates 1 and 4-10). ‘peptide’ refers to GFKKKFDYKDDDDK (shown in Fig. 1f). Dashed arrows represent the iterative exploration of foldamer sequences in this study. Red crosses indicate that the subsequent sequence was not translated (i.e. from 5 and 9). Thus, increasing the number of Q from 2 to 3 resulted in unsuccessful translation. Elongating (PQ)2 by one Q also prevented translation. However, increasing the P content (using substrate 10) allowed a pentameric foldamerpeptide hybrid to be formed. b, MALDI-TOF-MS spectra of foldamer-peptide products successfully formed using in vitro translation. From top to bottom: peptide initiated with 1 (red); initiation using 4 (red) and 6 (blue); 7 (blue); 8 (blue); and 10 (purple). No product could be observed for substrates 5 and 9. c, MALDI-TOF-MS spectra (left) of a foldamer-protein hybrid formed using a DNA template for protein G (white, right). The major product corresponds to protein synthesis starting from the second (nonAUG) codon. (C: calculated for [M+H]+, O: observed mass). Inclusion of pyridine-based monomers in Qn sequences. We sought to reduce the conformational stability of the foldamer helix to test whether it would permit translation of larger initiation units. This can be achieved by replacing Q with the more flexible 6-aminomethylpyridine P monomer (Fig. 1a). P has the same backbone atoms as Q, and sequences combining P and Q fold into similarly shaped helices39,40. However, P possesses a smaller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-l-macrocyclization-of-foldamer-peptide-hybrids-a-1vstsao7.png Figure 4 l Macrocyclization of foldamer-peptide hybrids. a, Macrocyclization by thioether formation from an N-terminal chloroacetyl group and a cysteine thiol, and corresponding MALDI-TOF-MS spectra. b, Synthesized foldamer-peptide macrocycles. c, Circular dichroism spectra of 16 and 17 in H2O/DMSO-d6 (7:3, vol/vol) at variable temperatures. d, Selected parts of 1H NMR spectra of 16 and 17 in H2O/DMSO-d6 (7:3, vol/vol) at 338 K. e, Selected parts of TOCSY spectra of 16 and 17 in H2O/DMSO-d6 (7:3, vol/vol) at 338 K showing NH-CH2 J-couplings. f, Crystal structure of compound 17. Side-chains of lysine, phenylalanine and Q are shown as orange spheres. g, Stick-loop representation of the crystal structure of 17. The peptide backbone shown as a green loop is held by the helical aromatic foldamer shown as a cyan stick. The thioether linkage is shown in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-l-nmr-studies-of-aromatic-foldamer-segments-a-3gdbk1q0.png Figure 3 l NMR studies of aromatic foldamer segments. a, Chemical formulae of aromatic foldamer segments used for solution-state conformation studies with identified NOEs in aqueous solution (9:1 H2O/D2O, 50 mM NaHCO3). Red arrows indicate correlations between backbone amide protons. Blue arrows indicate correlations between sequentially nonadjacent residues. Solid and dashed arrows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-l-aromatic-oligoamide-foldamers-and-their-350rm9yf.png Figure 1 l Aromatic oligoamide foldamers and their initiation of in vitro translation. a, Quinolinebased (Q, centre) and pyridine-based (P, right) monomers with a comparable backbone (shown in bold) to that of a dipeptide (e.g. Gly-Gly, left). Q can be functionalized with a variety of side-chains (R). b, https://scispace.com/papers/rho-kinase-mediates-the-anorexigenic-action-of-melanocortin-2rxw0csk0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-6fpb99fu.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1hxfdk2f.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2twc7elu.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-g4my4bbs.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2gjg1jaz.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2nfbtpuc.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1ku6hubh.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-coqtxilc.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/papers/ride-with-me-ethnic-discrimination-social-markets-and-the-3gnin9h2v5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-frequent-name-origins-with-high-origin-2ubjtpv5.png Table 1: Most frequent name origins with high origin certainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sampled-rides-in-online-carpooling-market-3345mzl6.png Figure 2: Sampled rides in online carpooling market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-user-interface-of-online-carpooling-platform-183el18s.png Figure 1: User Interface of Online Carpooling Platform https://scispace.com/papers/right-of-way-rules-as-use-case-for-integrating-golog-and-3fyec38b3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-communication-of-components-3mb7o6rl.png Fig. 2. Communication of components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-star4-0-and-its-conceptual-neighborhood-graph-2aipnhof.png Fig. 1. STAR4(0) and its conceptual neighborhood graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-standard-turns-2y8ueoxk.png Fig. 3. Standard turns https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-runtime-evaluation-4uspr3c5.png Fig. 4. Runtime evaluation https://scispace.com/papers/rights-without-resources-the-impact-of-constitutional-social-55mauyvpft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-constitutional-social-rights-on-social-16dvvzzo.png Table 2: Effect of Constitutional Social Rights on Social Spending – Baseline Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-substantive-effects-estimated-coefficients-and-90-2mh4ticu.png Figure 5: Substantive Effects (estimated coefficients and 90% confidence intervals) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-constitutional-social-rights-on-education-2beigtnu.png Table 6: Effect of Constitutional Social Rights on Education and Health Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-constitutional-social-rights-on-social-2we9guf7.png Table 5: Effect of Constitutional Social Rights on Social Spending – Housing and Social Security https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-government-social-spending-as-percent-of-gdp-over-27rhfcik.png Figure 3: Government Social Spending as Percent of GDP Over Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-constitutional-social-rights-on-social-oucri56a.png Table 3: Effect of Constitutional Social Rights on Social Spending – Alternative Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matching-results-u0wrpdad.png Table 1: Matching Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-government-spending-before-after-adoption-of-tmrmx0z3.png Figure 4: Government Spending Before & After Adoption of Constitutional Social Right https://scispace.com/papers/rin-transfer-in-random-distributed-feedback-fiber-lasers-34vzxrgzx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-parameters-in-the-simulation-3nz3u26x.png Table 1. Main parameters in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-for-a-centrally-pumped-rdf-rfl-1xxgv5kq.png Fig. 1. Schematic for a centrally-pumped RDF-RFL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparative-between-the-rin-transfer-for-the-rdf-rfl-2dm6js7q.png Fig. 4. Comparative between the RIN transfer for the RDF-RFL configuration and the traditional RFL in a logarithmic scale (left side) and a linear scale (right side). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-the-rin-transfer-vs-frequency-with-the-14548mcf.png Fig. 3. Variation of the RIN transfer vs. frequency with the total pump power (top) and the total length (bottom). In the first case, the total length is 100 Km and, in the second case, the total pump power is 3W. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-rin-transfer-versus-frequency-along-3ntpggxm.png Fig. 2. Evolution of the RIN transfer versus frequency along the fiber length for the situation where the amplification is mainly counter-propagated (top) or co-propagated (bottom). The total pump power is 3 W and the total length is 100 Km. https://scispace.com/papers/ripple-effect-an-improved-geographic-routing-with-local-1nm6b2of15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographic-distance-and-forwarding-distance-1nc4wyov.png Figure 1. Geographic distance and forwarding distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transmission-stretch-for-gpsr-grr-r-grr-dr-and-grr-1j6o180j.png Figure 3. Transmission stretch for GPSR, GRR(R), GRR(DR) and GRR(ADR) for varying densities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hop-stretch-for-gpsr-grr-r-grr-dr-and-grr-adr-for-2e7yaj7t.png Figure 2. Hop stretch for GPSR, GRR(R), GRR(DR) and GRR(ADR) for varying densities https://scispace.com/papers/risk-burden-participation-in-early-childhood-education-and-4a4spm50y7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-marginal-effect-of-explanatory-variables-on-the-jk7pculv.png Table 3. Marginal effect of explanatory variables on the probability of attending preschool or a day care centre without a preschool program, as the main type of arrangement attended, LSAC B cohort (excluding children attending full-time school in wave 3), Wave 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-poor-child-outcomes-lsac-b-cohort-1s55t0fr.png Table 2. Prevalence of poor child outcomes, LSAC B cohort (excluding children attending full-time school in Wave 3), Wave 4 https://scispace.com/papers/risk-factors-for-sporadic-giardiasis-a-systematic-review-and-3m3g62k6gq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forest-plot-of-the-association-between-giardia-1vpqzawr.png Fig. 3. Forest plot of the association between Giardia infection and contact with pets in the children population. Legend: From left to right: first name of study reference with year of study, country of study, label: risk factor as mentioned in publication, OR and its 95% confidence interval and its graphical representation, at the bottom of the graph pooled OR estimate and its 95% confidence interval, * adjusted OR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-forest-plot-of-the-association-between-giardia-2dds5w9u.png Fig. 2. Forest plot of the association between Giardia infection and daycare in the mixed population. Legend: From left to right: first name of study reference with year of study, country of study, label: risk factor as mentioned in publication, OR and its 95% confidence interval and its graphical representation, at the bottom of the graph pooled OR estimate and its 95% confidence interval, * adjusted OR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prisma-flow-chart-of-literature-search-for-case-346rhf4y.png Fig. 1. PRISMA Flow chart of literature search for case-control and cohort studies of human Giardia infection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-forest-plot-of-the-association-between-giardia-2dqio0im.png Fig. 4. Forest plot of the association between Giardia infection and sewage and waste water exposure in the mixed population. Legend: From the left to the right: first name of study reference with year of study, country of study, label: risk factor as mentioned in publication, OR and its 95% confidence interval and its graphical representation, at the bottom of the graph pooled OR estimate and its 95% confidence interval, * adjusted OR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-forest-plot-of-the-association-between-giardia-mzf3012l.png Fig. 5. Forest plot of the association between Giardia infection and produce in the children population. Legend: From left to right: first name of study reference with year of study, country of study, label: risk factor as mentioned in publication, OR and its 95% confidence interval and its graphical representation, at the bottom of the graph pooled OR estimate and its 95% confidence interval, * adjusted OR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-funnel-plots-of-meta-analyses-investigating-food-left-3kauscr3.png Fig. 6. Funnel plots of meta-analyses investigating food (left) and no handwashing before eating or preparing food (right) in the children population. Legend: plot shows the residuals of the model (‘observed - fitted’ values) on the x-axis against their corresponding standard errors. A vertical line indicates the estimate based on the model. A pseudo confidence interval region is drawn around this value with bounds equal to ± 1.96 SE, where SE is the standard error value from the y-axis (assuming level=95). A lack of symmetry around the vertical line is an indicator of publication bias (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meta-analysis-results-of-significant-risk-factors-2bsh3m4z.png Table 1 Meta-analysis results of (significant) risk factors for human sporadic giardiasis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-10mzzzm0.png Table 1 Meta-analysis results of (significant) risk factors for human sporadic giardiasis. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-of-de-novo-or-secondary-cancer-after-solid-organ-or-3lfjs0trsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-incidence-rate-ratios-of-any-cancer-at-various-2j823kf7.png Figure 2B. Incidence rate ratios of any cancer at various time points prior to cancer diagnosis of elevated CRP compared to normal values among HSCT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-incidence-rate-ratios-of-any-cancer-at-various-x2utzzoa.png Figure 2B. Incidence rate ratios of any cancer at various time points prior to cancer diagnosis of elevated CRP compared to normal values among HSCT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adjusted-incidence-rate-ratios-for-any-cancer-among-2a1aej17.png Table 2. Adjusted incidence rate ratios for any cancer among SOT and HSCT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-standardized-incidence-ratio-of-cancer-after-solid-1ddbornq.png Figure 1B. Standardized incidence ratio of cancer after solid organ (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) compared to the Danish population, according to age at cancer diagnosis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-standardized-incidence-ratio-of-cancer-after-solid-3oa8859k.png Figure 1B. Standardized incidence ratio of cancer after solid organ (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) compared to the Danish population, according to age at cancer diagnosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-at-time-of-solid-organ-and-165tb2lb.png Table 1. Characteristics at time of solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplants. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-taking-to-obtain-reward-gender-differences-and-58lmvckcj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-sample-with-complete-data-at-3m9myith.png Table 2. Characteristics of the sample with complete data at 14 years of age, according to risk taking split at the median (n= 8628). Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-sectional-associations-between-risk-taking-1c57cwdi.png Table 3. Cross-sectional associations between risk taking (continuous exposure) and emotional symptoms at age 11 (continuous outcome), complete case sample (n=10,396). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-betting-stage-of-the-cambridge-gambling-task-a6jod0d2.png Figure 1. The betting-stage of the Cambridge Gambling Task with a red:blue ratio of 6:4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-longitudinal-association-between-risk-taking-1alf63c8.png Table 5. Longitudinal association between risk taking (continuous exposure variable) at age 11 and depressive symptoms (continuous outcome) at age 14, complete case sample with weights for the population and attrition (n=8418). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-sectional-associations-between-risk-taking-3llwne0e.png Table 4. Cross-sectional associations between risk taking (continuous exposure) and depressive symptoms at age 14 (continuous outcome), complete case sample (n=8628). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-with-complete-data-at-30xehp4x.png Table 1. Characteristics of the sample with complete data at 11 years of age, according to reward seeking split at the median (n=10,396). Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-trust-and-the-interaction-of-perceived-ease-of-use-and-32d565u0dk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constructs-exhibit-reliability-and-convergent-qrpwxkjn.png Table 1. Constructs exhibit Reliability and Convergent Validity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theorized-model-229rfx2c.png Figure 1. Theorized Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-structural-equation-modelling-1vivur1b.png Figure 2. Results of Structural Equation Modelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-for-key-constructs-are-significant-2ttkhjxs.png Table 2. Correlations for Key Constructs are Significant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chart-of-the-significant-interaction-of-perceived-2bztei9y.png Figure 3. Chart of the Significant Interaction of Perceived Behavioral Control (from TPB) and Perceived Ease of Use (from TAM) https://scispace.com/papers/risks-and-threats-of-social-media-websites-twitter-and-the-3pxcpex524 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-changes-of-twitter-accounts-over-the-four-weeks-1l7mkz72.png Table 2: Time changes of Twitter accounts over the four weeks follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-twitter-pro-anorexia-content-according-2zqihmd7.png Table 4: Examples of Twitter pro-anorexia content according the main topics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-characteristics-of-twitter-pro-anorexia-2d0wp9e3.png Table 1: Overall characteristics of Twitter pro-anorexia accounts https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-five-most-popular-hashtags-and-the-most-popular-dzmokqef.png Table 3: The five most popular hashtags and the most popular content in Twitter pro-anorexia accounts. https://scispace.com/papers/risks-of-seasonal-extreme-rainfall-events-in-bangladesh-vf2fd2dy4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-10-and-11-illustrate-changes-in-risk-ratios-these-2m248oo5.png Figures 10 and 11 illustrate changes in risk ratios. These changes vary seasonally and spatially. Supplementary material of Table S3 presents the risk ratios with associated uncertainty ranges for both seasons over four sub-regions. Here we summarize the risk ratios in order of the four sub-regions. The present day risk for rainfall events in pre-monsoon season over sub-region 1 has not changed (Fig. 10a; see RR for ACT/NAT); but the risk of extreme rainfall event with respect to 1-in-100-year NAT return time10 increase by a factor of 4 (with uncertainty range 2.0-7.0) in a 1.5C world (Fig. 10a; see RR for HAPP1.5/NAT). Over the subregion 2, the risk of extreme monsoon rainfall event with respect to 1-in-100-year NAT return time increases 3-fold (with uncertainty range 1-4) in a 1.5C world and then 4.6-fold (with uncertainty range 2.9-7.2) in a 2.0C world (Fig. 10d). The risk of a 1 in 100 year pre-monsoon rainfall event over Sub-region 3, which has not changed much from the natural world to actual world; increases 2-fold (with uncertainty range 1.0-3.0) and 3.1-fold (with uncertainty range 1.9-5.2) in a 1.5C and 2.0C worlds15 respectively. Sub-region 4 (see Fig. 11d), where current risks of monsoon extreme rainfall are already increased 3.9 times (with uncertainty range 2.6-5.8) with respect to 1-in-100-year NAT return time; the risk for similar event increases 4.1 times (with uncertainty range 2.2-5.3) in a 1.5C world and 5.5 times in a 2.0C world (with uncertainty range 3.5-7.8). The aerosol impact is strongest over sub-region 1 in pre-monsoon season (in Fig. 10, compare RR for GHG/ACT between a & c) compared the monsoon seasons.20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annual-cycles-of-act-black-nat-green-and-ghg-orange-3ctiwbsj.png Figure 1. Annual cycles of ACT (black), NAT (green) and GHG (orange), and HAPPI 1.5 (blue) and 2.0 (red) ensembles are compared with the observations fr APHRODITE (dark grey) and CPC rainfall is underestimated in all sub ACT, from ACT to GHG, fro https://scispace.com/papers/rna-polymerase-backtracking-drives-the-accumulation-of-2b2vz9li7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-condensin-and-rna-polymerase-2-upon-f6c5sj48.png Figure 1. Distribution of condensin and RNA polymerase 2 upon flipping of exg1. (A) ChIP-seq profiles of condensin (left) and the RNA polymerase subunit Rpb5 (right) around exg1 in mitotic cells. The ChIP-seq data are indicated by their Sequence Read Archive numbers and were generated in Sutani et al (2015) and Kakui et al (2017), respectively. (B) Cells were synchronized in mitosis and ChIP-qPCR in two different biological replicates was used to determine the distribution of condensin (left) and Rpb1 (right) around exg1. (C) Same as (B) when the orientation of exg1 has been flipped over. The scheme above shows the organization of the chromosome around exg1 in the wild-type (top) and in the reversed (bottom) orientations. Vertical dotted lines indicate the region of the chromosome that has been flipped over. Grey squares indicate the position of the exg1 transcription unit. The % IP were normalized using the values given at the site within the gene body indicated by the red vertical dotted line (exg1#1). The raw data are shown in the source data files. Source data are available for this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-over-expression-of-tfs1dn-alters-significantly-25f9q9qe.png Figure 3. The over-expression of tfs1DN alters significantly the distribution of condensin around RNA polymerase 2-transcribed genes. Cells were synchronized in metaphase and the association of condensin (cnd2-GFP) at the indicated loci was investigated by ChIP-qPCR (mean ± std of three biological replicates). Cells carried a plasmid allowing the AhTET-induced over-expression of tfs1-DN, as described previously (Lemay et al, 2014). DMSO was used as control. For each locus investigated, the normal distribution of condensin and RNA polymerase 2 as determined by ChIP-seq is shown above, as published in Sutani et al (2015) and Kakui et al (2017), respectively. The raw data are shown in the source data files. Source data are available for this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rna-polymerase-3-transcription-defects-induced-by-1apqkcfe.png Figure 2. RNA polymerase 3 transcription defects induced by lack of Sen1 trigger the accumulation of condensin. (A) Cells were synchronized in metaphase and the association of condensin (Cnd2-GFP) or the heterologous LacI (lacI-GFP) at the indicated loci was investigated by ChIP-qPCR in the presence and in the absence of Sen1 (mean ± std of four biological replicates; P-values determined by the test of Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney are indicated above the graph). (B) The association of the TFIIIC component Sfc6 at the indicated loci was investigated by ChIP-qPCR in cells synchronized in metaphase (mean ± std of five biological replicates). (C, D) Distribution of condensin (cnd2-GFP, top) and RNA polymerase 3 (rpc37-flag, bottom) around SPCTRNATHR.10 (C) and SPCTRNAARG.10 (D) in mitotic cells, in the presence or not of super-terminator sequences (thr10-20T and arg10-23T, respectively) which correct the transcription termination defects in the absence of Sen1 (Rivosecchi et al, 2019) (compare the yellow and red curves). (C, D) Results are presented as (mean ± std) of three (C) or four (D) biological replicates. Source data are available for this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mathematical-models-formalize-the-role-of-rna-3rww5gz6.png Figure 4. Mathematical models formalize the role of RNA polymerase (RNAP) backtracking in the specific accumulation of condensin in the termination zone of active genes. (A) Interplay between the translocation of condensin and transcription—simple model (Brandão et al, 2019). Condensin translocates along chromatin from either 59 to 39 or 39 to 59. RNAPs bind to TSS, translocate unidirectionally from 59 to 39 and unbind when they reach the termination zone. The speed at which condensin translocates is reduced when it encounters a RNAP. Moving RNAPs can push condensin towards the 39 of the gene if they represent an obstacle for their translocation (see the Materials and Methods section and Supplemental Data 1). (B) Profile of RNAP mimicking a typical WT-situation of a ~2 kbp-long gene (see e.g., Figs 1 and 3). (C) Residence time profiles of condensin along the gene when condensin and RNAPmove in the same (head-to-tail, full lines) or opposite (head-to-head, dashed lines) direction for two different bypassing rates. (D) Interplay between the translocation of condensin and transcription—backtrack model. (A) This model makes the same basic assumptions as in (A) but RNAP can now dynamically switch between two states: either mobile (mRNAP) or backtracked (bRNAP). The reduction in condensin speed due to collisions with RNAP is stronger with bRNAP than with mRNAP (see the Materials and Methods section and Supplemental Data 1). (E) Rate of backtracking along the gene used in the model. (F, G)Wild-type situation. (F) Density of total RNAP (black line) and bRNAPs (red line) over a ~2 kbp-long gene. (G) Residence time profiles of condensin along the gene for head-to-tail (full black line) or head-to-head (dashed black line) collisions for a fast bypass rate over mobile RNAP (15 bp/s). The blue full line represents the average between both profiles. (H, I)Over-expression of tfs1DN. (H) Profiles of RNAP (black line) and backtracked RNAPs (red line) obtained by increasing the dwell-time of the backtracked state by 10-fold to mimic the tfs1DN situation. (I) As in (G) but for the tfs1DN-like simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/rna-seq-analysis-of-lps-induced-transcriptional-changes-and-4wprt3lgu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gsea-analysis-and-expression-heatmap-representative-4-2roxp594.png Fig. 3. GSEA analysis and expression heatmap. Representative 4 significantly enriched gene sets from GSEA analysis of 8458 significantly changed genes in the RNA-Seq dataset. Enrichment plots comparing LPS toward Saline were depicted with following sets of genes: (A) Hallmark Inflammatory response, (B) GO steroid biosynthetis process, and (C) Hallmark Hypoxia. (D) Enrichment plot comparing Saline toward LPS was computed with gene set related to WNT signaling pathway from Dumontet, et al. Comparison of samples, NES, nominal p-value, and FDR q-value were determined by the GSEA software, and were indicated within each enrichment plot. (E), (F), (G), and (H) demonstrating the expression heatmap signatures of genes involved in the GSEA analysis, referring to enrichment plots (A) to (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-qpcr-verification-of-most-differentially-expressed-3cjrg0hg.png Fig. 2. qPCR verification of most differentially expressed genes in adrenal glands upon LPS. Representative genes from Table 1 of most up- or down-regulated were categorized and verified by real-time PCR (qPCR) with specific primers. Relative gene expression was determined by the ΔΔCt method with normalization of 18 s ribosomal RNA. (A), (B), and (C) demonstrated upregulation of genes related to Chemokines, Cytokines, and Immune modulators and receptors catagories, respectively. (D) and (E) demonstrated downregulation of genes accordingly related to Maintenance of stem cells and Regulation of steroids. Saline-treated samples were depicted with open bars, and LPS-treated samples were depicted with black filled bars. N=3–6 and statistics were calculated with two-tailed nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Values are mean with SEM. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distinct-transcriptional-signature-between-saline-and-2dk59u5s.png Fig. 1. Distinct transcriptional signature between saline- and LPS-treated adrenal glands. Logarithm-transformed counts from RNA-Seq dataset of saline- and LPS-treated adrenal glands were computed for sample correlation or variance by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (A) or PCA analysis (B), respectively. R2-values from Pearson’s correlation coefficient were plotted inside of the grids. Percentages in PCA analysis axis indicated the proportional variance explained by each PC. LPS samples were labeled in green and Saline samples were labeled in purple that represented as Condition located in the upper left part of plot. (C) A vulcano plot was depicted with –log10(FDR) against log2FoldChange of all 8458 detected genes from RNASeq dataset. Differential expression (DE) of genes was colored with blue and red, regarding to 4146 down-regulated and 4312 up-regulated genes, respectively. Significance of differential gene expression was determined with adjusted p-value (padj.)< 0.05 and counts> 50. (D) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the most 100 up- and down-regulated genes were computed by Euclidean distance clustering and expression heatmap with normalized raw z-scores. The labeling of Condition and DE were adapted as previous panels. (E) Pyramid plot with bidirectional –log10 (p-value) demonstrated the involved gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways from submitted UP- or DOWN-regulated gene lists. The EASE score of p-value<0.05 was set by DAVID software. Identical color code was used for showing UP and DOWN groups. N=3 for each condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-levels-of-genes-identified-by-gsea-analysis-1yt6rzkn.png Fig. 4. Expression levels of genes identified by GSEA analysis. Following the GSEA analysis from Fig. 3, the expression levels of enriched genes were further characterized by qPCR with specific primers. Representative genes related to GSEA gene sets of (A) Inflammatory response, (B) Steroid biosynthesis, (C) Hypoxia, and (D) Adrenal gland development. Saline-treated samples were depicted with open bars, and LPS-treated samples were depicted with black filled bars. N= 5–6. Validation of genes from the inflammatory/hypoxia (E) and adrenal gland developmental pathways (F) in the polymicrobial sepsis model. CLP-induced sepsis group (black dashed bars) was compared to sham-operated controls (white bars). A total n=10 animals per group were used. Statistics were calculated with two-tailed nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Values are mean with SEM. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01 and ***, p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-bayesian-model-averaging-for-the-analysis-of-presence-1nzs6l9kap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prior-probability-of-modelmi-containing-ki-covariates-ngl5vwy8.png Fig. 1 Prior probability of modelmi containing ki covariates under different priors. We assume the number of available covariates to be k = 12; for the K–L prior we assume the sample size to be n = 100. For CMA we set θup = 0.95 and θ low = 0.05. The gray area shows the interval within which the probability of the model varies according to CMA. We limit the X axis between 2 and 10 to improve readability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-the-marmot-censuses-the-censused-areas-are-1bo0w5hz.png Fig. 2 Map of the marmot censuses. The censused areas are shown with a transparent mask. The masks of the areas censused in 2010 and 2011 have, respectively, a thick and a thin border. The burrows are shown as circles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-marmot-case-study-expected-value-of-the-parameter-of-1f3eq4co.png Fig. 4 Marmot case study: expected value of the parameter of altitude, as estimated by CMA and BMA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-marmot-case-study-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-36knt312.png Table 2 Marmot case study: mean and standard deviation of the covariates; expected values of the parameters β j ’s according to BMA and CMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-accuracy-of-bma-trained-using-the-uniform-prior-on-the-opzc3nq1.png Fig. 9 Accuracy of BMA trained using the uniform prior on the datasets generated using the Friedman function. Each point represents the mean accuracy of the twofold cross-validation. The name of the data sets contains the sample size n (100, 250 or 1,000) and the number k of covariates (10 or 25) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-marmot-case-study-posterior-probabilities-of-pe5uhy62.png Table 1 Marmot case study: posterior probabilities of inclusion of each covariate according to BMA and CMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-posterior-probability-of-inclusion-pip-as-a-function-2zj306bk.png Fig. 3 Posterior probability of inclusion (PIP) as a function of θ for selected covariates. We show the functions within the interval [θ low = 0.05, θup = 0.95] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-distribution-of-the-posterior-probability-of-presence-da21jme5.png Fig. 10 Distribution of the posterior probability of presence estimated by BMA on the prior-dependent instances for the marmot case study. The distributions have been measured over test set predictions. The training set used to train BMA have size n = 60 https://scispace.com/papers/robust-algorithms-for-high-quality-test-pattern-generation-83qh5q2fj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-developed-sat-based-atpg-framework-for-industrial-35zij01u.png Fig. 1. Developed SAT-based ATPG framework for industrial application https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-derived-logics-of-l19s-1jyyao9g.png TABLE V DERIVED LOGICS OF L19s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-for-sat-formulation-for-the-safm-z4z7aa2l.png Fig. 4. Example for SAT formulation for the SAFM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-truth-table-for-an-and-gate-in-l4-379nus41.png TABLE III TRUTH TABLE FOR AN AND GATE IN L4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-division-of-the-proposed-sat-engine-1eth3dg4.png Fig. 5. Division of the proposed SAT engine https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cnf-for-basic-gates-with-output-o-and-inputs-a-b-a-1t0u8krs.png TABLE I CNF FOR BASIC GATES WITH OUTPUT o AND INPUTS a, b (a FOR INV) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influenced-circuit-parts-1li0g5wq.png Fig. 3. Influenced circuit parts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sat-application-flow-3j188ysr.png Fig. 2. SAT application flow https://scispace.com/papers/robust-control-of-identified-models-with-mixed-parametric-30hqdkc4w7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generalised-plantp-with-uncertainty-and-controllerk-3auo55xy.png Figure 1: Generalised plantP with uncertainty∆̄ and controllerK. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-full-order-robustly-stabilising-controller-169vqcbr.png Figure 5: Full order robustly stabilising controller withrobust sensitivity. Upper plot: Criterion function for robust stability (rhs of (19)), evaluated at a set of test frequencies (crosses). Lower plot: nominal sensitivity function (solid) and desired upper and lower nominal bounds (dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-magnitude-of-full-order-controller-solid-second-1y3sqcj2.png Figure 6: Magnitude of full order controller (solid), second order controller (dashed) and first order controller (dash-dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nominal-model-solid-uncertainty-region-arising-from-1fgyer83.png Figure 2: Nominal model (solid), uncertainty region arising from parametricuncertainty (shaded) and real plant (dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-analysis-of-first-order-controller-zoomed-version-2okw9252.png Figure 8: Analysis of first order controller (zoomed version of Fig. 7). Upper plots: Criterion function for robust stability (rhs of (19)), evaluated at a set of test frequencies (crosses). Lower plots: Single contributions in (8):RTmθ (solid), Parametric error ||Rsθ||2 (dashed), additive error||Rusθ||2 (dash-dotted), robust performance||RP θ||2 (dotted) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-analysis-of-first-order-controller-full-frequency-ikew8hc2.png Figure 7: Analysis of first order controller (full frequency range). Upper plots: Criterion function for robust stability (rhs of (19)), evaluated at a set of test frequencies (crosses). Lower plots: Single contributions in (8):RTmθ (solid), Parametric error ||Rsθ||2 (dashed), additive error||Rusθ||2 (dash-dotted), robust performance||RP θ||2 (dotted) https://scispace.com/papers/robust-cooperative-sensor-network-localization-via-the-em-3572dqq4mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-overall-rmse-of-three-different-sensor-network-21zy20zc.png Fig. 3. The overall RMSE of three different sensor network localization algorithms versus the radius of connectivity. Here, the NLOS contamination ratio is fixed to 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-overall-rmse-of-three-different-sensor-network-oa3262nb.png Fig. 2. The overall RMSE of three different sensor network localization algorithms versus the NLOS contamination ratio. Here, the radius of connectivity is fixed to 30 meter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sample-wireless-sensor-network-as-well-as-a-3086lcxc.png Fig. 1. A sample wireless sensor network as well as a realization of the estimated positions of the agents. Herein, ’s denote the anchors; ◦’s denote the agents with true coordinates; △’s denote the agents with the estimated coordinates generated by the proposed EM algorithm in a particular MonteCarlo trial with α2 = 0.2 and Rc = 30 meter; and −’s represent the localization errors between the estimated positions and the true positions. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-estimation-with-sampling-and-approximate-pre-26kcvenicn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pdf-fitted-to-the-two-quadrants-of-the-data-space-1ia7i3lh.png Figure 1: Pdf fitted to the two quadrants of the data space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-test-queries-x5rfedkx.png Table 2: Distribution of test queries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-error-for-experiments-pldzv35s.png Figure 3: Median error for experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-complaints-over-three-years-2lothueb.png Table 1: Number of complaints over three years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-representation-of-query-predicates-egc5ztvj.png Figure 2: Spatial representation of query predicates. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-estimation-of-fractional-seasonal-processes-modeling-e5irxj6xo4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pmse-of-the-fitted-models-values-to-the-so2-320a0jab.png Table 4: PMSE of the fitted models values to the SO2 concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-forecasted-values-by-the-robust-sarfima-model-and-2pzl28gj.png Figure 10: Forecasted values by the robust SARFIMA model and SO2 concentrations (µg/m3) from June 15th 2009 to December 31st 2009, one-step-ahead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plots-of-the-estimates-dcl-dr-dcl-and-dr-for-2kjzkomp.png Figure 1: Box-plots of the estimates d̂CL, d̂R, D̂CL and D̂R for the SARFIMA model with p = q = 0, d = D = 0.1 and s = 12. Non-contaminated series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-robust-acf-b-robust-pacf-and-c-robust-periodogram-1zggxdpf.png Figure 8: (a) Robust ACF, (b) robust PACF and (c) robust periodogram of Zt and (d) log(IQn (ω j)) versus log(ω j) (d). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-dr-and-dr-for-different-bandwidths-m-1wovm0ox.png Table 1: Estimates of dR and DR for different bandwidths (M) for Zt, using the robust and classical periodogram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-box-plots-of-the-estimates-dcl-dcl-dr-and-dr-for-3d6ljj3e.png Figure 5: Box-plots of the estimates d̂CL, D̂CL, d̂R and D̂R for the SARFIMA model with p = q = 0, d = D = 0.1 and s = 12, for series with outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-robust-acf-and-robust-pacf-of-et-n0rfw6x7.png Figure 9: Robust ACF and robust PACF of η̂t. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-daily-so2-concentrations-ug-m3-from-2005-01-01-to-28yfhn63.png Figure 6: Daily SO2 concentrations (µg/m3) from 2005/01/01 to 2009/12/31. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-fault-reconstruction-for-linear-parameter-varying-2v5bmobfy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-control-surfaces-360mar7w.png TABLE I CONTROL SURFACES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-reconstruction-from-the-nonlinear-mze8ydif.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the reconstruction from the nonlinear plant and the approximate LPV plant model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-at-trim-straight-and-level-flight-fault-free-3a9xxefp.png Fig. 1. At Trim - Straight and Level Flight: Fault Free https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-at-trim-straight-and-level-flight-additive-fault-zsmkgee5.png Fig. 2. At Trim - Straight and Level Flight: Additive Fault https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-end-of-lpv-range-coordinated-turn-fast-runaway-2btnuhse.png Fig. 5. High End of LPV Range - coordinated turn: fast runaway fault https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-low-end-of-lpv-range-straight-and-level-flight-zoomed-w1ck8qdy.png Fig. 4. Low End of LPV Range - Straight and Level Flight (zoomed): NRZ fault https://scispace.com/papers/robust-ground-plane-tracking-in-cluttered-environments-from-3samf7bjz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-typical-inner-urban-street-scenes-2kd9l9om.png Fig. 1: Two typical inner-urban street scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sequence-with-ground-plane-not-in-free-view-due-to-3lpdusku.png Fig. 9: Sequence with ground plane not in free view due to camera inclination. Only the vanishing direction is considered here to correct the plane parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurement-setup-for-parameter-variance-estimation-mb36idc2.png Fig. 2: Measurement setup for parameter variance estimation. Left: plane support points are coloured green, edges supporting the vertical vanishing point are highlighted pink. Right: Corresponding disparity image at half-resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-planar-surface-model-violation-with-and-23x7wcze.png Fig. 5: Effect of planar surface model violation with and without vanishing direction measurement. Ground plane support points are coloured green and the plane is overlayed schematically. The IMU ground-truth virtual horizon is drawn in red, the measured virtual horizon in green. The according error distribution for a sequence of 1000 frames around the depicted scenario is shown on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-absolute-angular-deviation-in-degrees-from-imu-17lb86oq.png TABLE I: Absolute angular deviation in degrees from IMU groundtruth for different disparity estimators compared to conventional least-squares plane fitting as baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-angular-error-in-th-and-ph-with-and-2hz98nq4.png Fig. 4: Distribution of angular error in θ and ϕ with and without inclusion of vanishing direction. The roll parameter ϕ benefits most, since objects in lateral direction often disturb the least-squares fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ground-plane-parameters-th-ph-d-predicted-by-visual-12vp1u7d.png Fig. 3: Ground plane parameters (θ, ϕ, d) predicted by visual odometry without correcting drift. Dashed lines are the IMU ground truth, solid lines the predicted parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-typical-failure-examples-without-vanishing-point-29y7kaju.png Fig. 8: Typical failure examples without vanishing point correction. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-hashing-for-models-wanbf5lydl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mutation-resistance-2tb5c4go.png Table 2: Mutation Resistance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-hashing-process-sdpuks3k.png Figure 2: Model Hashing Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ip-violation-detection-process-du5ajdu3.png Figure 4: Ip Violation Detection Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pairwise-similarity-kjm6pffi.png Table 1: Pairwise Similarity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-robust-hashing-generation-algorithm-fh1brbim.png Figure 1: Robust Hashing Generation Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fragment-signatures-rcrw2h25.png Figure 3: Fragment Signatures https://scispace.com/papers/robust-iterative-feedback-tuning-control-of-a-compliant-2gieg60ixt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-comparison-of-ift-results-with-four-79e45uz0.png TABLE II QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF IFT RESULTS WITH FOUR HUMAN PARTICIPANTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-repetitive-control-result-using-normalised-ift-tuning-27cb99of.png Fig. 4. Repetitive control result using normalised IFT tuning. (a) End-effector orientation during 10 iterations. (b) Tracking result before tuning (iteration 0). (c) After tuning (iteration 10). (d) End-effector errors. (e) Design criterions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-quantitative-comparison-of-standard-and-normalised-33r5lbe9.png TABLE I QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF STANDARD AND NORMALISED IFT RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-configuration-of-the-robot-experimental-setup-with-2z3cm30y.png Fig. 5. Configuration of the robot experimental setup with human ankle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-results-of-t1-t2-and-t3-with-participant-1innryw3.png Fig. 6. Experimental results of T1, T2 and T3 with participant 1. (a) Interaction torques about X axis and (b) about Y. (c) Interaction forces along X axis and (d) along Y. (e) End-effector orientation results at the end of tuning. (f) End-effector orientation errors at the end of tuning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prototype-of-the-compliant-parallel-ankle-2l3ycz0w.png Fig. 1. Prototype of the compliant parallel ankle rehabilitation robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-control-system-of-the-ankle-rehabilitation-robot-a-37njwqlq.png Fig. 3. Control system of the ankle rehabilitation robot. (a) Structure of the multiple DOFs IFT. (b) Diagram of the controller for each PMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinematic-structure-of-the-parallel-ankle-ok2mwlvg.png Fig. 2. Kinematic structure of the parallel ankle rehabilitation robot. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-l-p-norm-metric-for-bicm-ofdm-cognitive-radio-systems-3lf7gk1k0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ber-of-bicm-ofdm-cr-system-with-b-5-and-n-128-impaired-2p4e83ae.png Fig. 1. BER of BICM–OFDM CR system with B = 5 and N = 128 impaired by NBI (5 equal power, sub–carrier–centered NBI signals, Iµ = 1, 1 ≤ μ ≤ 5, κ = 40) vs. SNR γ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-of-bicm-ofdm-cr-system-n-64-b-5-snr-16-db-impaired-x4dtaujg.png Fig. 2. BER of BICM–OFDM CR system (N = 64, B = 5, SNR = 16 dB) impaired by different types of noise vs. p. NBI: 25 equal power, sub– carrier–centered NBI signals, Iµ = 5, 1 ≤ μ ≤ 5, κ = 4. GMN: = 0.1, κ = 10. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-maccs-the-topography-of-abatement-by-fuel-switching-4o8xw45f0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electricity-generation-comparison-between-historic-168a359i.png Table 2. Electricity generation comparison between historic values and simulation results for the year 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maccs-for-different-load-levels-with-fixed-average-2fe94bo9.png Figure 4. MACCs for different load levels, with fixed (average) fuel prices. Abatement is expressed in (a) absolute terms and (b) relative terms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-macc-as-a-result-of-full-year-simulation-with-fixed-29zhr0yo.png Figure 5. MACC as a result of full year simulation, with fixed (average) fuel prices (abatement is expressed in absolute terms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contour-lines-of-co2-emission-abatement-expressed-3g4dn847.png Figure 12. Contour lines of CO2 emission abatement, expressed in [kton/hour], as function of power output and fuel price ratio. (a) EUA price = 20 €/ton; (b) EUA price = 40 €/ton; (c) EUA price = 60 €/ton; (d) EUA price = 100 €/ton. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-maccs-for-different-load-levels-at-a-a-gas-to-coal-1psvfd6f.png Figure 13. MACCs for different load levels, at (a) a gas to coal price ratio of 2 and (b) a gas to coal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-3d-mesh-of-the-power-output-eua-price-and-11hfv0az.png Figure 3. (a) 3D mesh of the power output, EUA price and abatement relationship; (b) corresponding contour lines of the abatement [kton/hour]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-gas-coal-price-ratio-and-3hzqgp4k.png Figure 6. Relationship between gas/coal price ratio and allowance price required for switching, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-co2-emission-abatement-averaged-over-load-under-2wlqjp03.png Figure 9. CO2 emission abatement, averaged over load, under different fuel an EUA prices; (a) 3D https://scispace.com/papers/robust-non-linear-dimensionality-reduction-using-successive-53bapmz0sc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-noisy-2d-spiral-data-set-b-an-outlier-between-3rpbjk4p.png Figure 4. (a) A noisy 2D spiral data set. (b) An outlier between adjacent arms of the spiral can cause a short-circuit if its connections are given large weights in Equation (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-swiss-roll-th-cos-th-y-th-sin-th-is-a-2d-o3xwvrgr.png Figure 1. The Swiss roll (θ cos(θ), y, θ sin(θ)) is a 2D manifold (parametrized by θ and y) in R3 that is commonly used in dimensionality reduction experiments. Top row: Swiss rolls colored by θ, viewed along the y-axis. Independent normally distributed noise with variance increasing from left to right was added. 2D embeddings, also colored by θ, found by Isomap (2nd row), Laplacian Eigenmaps (3rd row) and our approach in the (4th row). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-repeated-eigendirection-problem-the-first-two-skeu60zr.png Figure 2. Repeated eigendirection problem. The first two columns show the first two eigenvectors colored on the Swiss roll computed by LLE, Laplacian Eigenmaps our approach. The last column plots the first against the second eigenvector by each approach. The two eigenvectors display strong local correlations using LLE and Laplacian Eigenmaps, but are independent using the proposed method. Note that the proposed method is also able to recover approximate proportions of the manifold as discussed further in Section 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-progression-of-the-algorithm-for-the-swiss-roll-a-cvvbecq6.png Figure 3. Progression of the algorithm for the Swiss roll. (a) Input colored by first eigenvector. (b) - (d) Snapshots of the advection colored by first eigenvector. (e) Completely advected points colored by the new eigenvector computed on the advected points. (f) Final solution formed with the eigenvectors from (a) and (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-real-head-images-embeddings-found-by-a-laplacian-3j9x9ei1.png Figure 8. Real head images. Embeddings found by (a) Laplacian Eigenmaps and (b) proposed method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-corkscrew-plane-a-with-a-significant-amount-of-2j0xrrra.png Figure 6. Corkscrew plane (a) with a significant amount of independent normally distributed noise. The two images in the two rows are colored by the two correct parameters of the underlying plane. Embeddings found by (b) Isomap, (c) LLE, (d) Laplacian Eigenmaps and (e) proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-plots-show-the-1st-vs-2nd-and-1st-vs-3rd-3ebbvr5l.png Figure 7. The plots show the 1st vs. 2nd and 1st vs 3rd dimensions of the 3 dimensional embedding found by our approach on the Isomap head data set. (a) The 1st vs. 2nd eigenvector recovers the left-right motion and the leftright lighting. (b) The 1st vs. 3rd eigenvector reveals the left-right and up-down motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sequence-of-a-head-image-during-the-advection-with-f3mrup3g.png Figure 9. Sequence of a head image during the advection with increasing duration from left to right. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-markov-decision-processes-using-sigma-point-sampling-4uet6vhgqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sigma-point-sample-tradeoff-of-robust-performance-top-p60v943r.png Fig. 2. Sigma Point sample tradeoff of robust performance (top subfigure) vs. normalized β shows that increasing the robustness also decreases the objective. The robust policy (bottom two figures) switches at β = 0.65. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-difference-between-the-worst-case-objective-jiwmsw4a.png Fig. 1. The difference between the worst case objective through sampling (blue) and Sigma Point sampling (red) decreases only slightly as the number of simulations are increased significantly. The Sigma Point sampling strategy only truly requires 5 samples to find the worst case objective of J∗ = 28, but the line has been extended for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-speech-recognition-by-integrating-speech-separation-4sd6a3r1gx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-digit-recognition-accuracy-of-the-proposed-sytem-and-31rasdy5.png Table 1. Digit recognition accuracy (%) of the proposed sytem and the missing data recognizer using the initial mask https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-performance-of-the-proposed-system-and-the-missing-2mgm903t.png Fig. 1. Performance of the proposed system and the missing data recognizer using the mask produced by the speech separation system in [15]. Integrated Mask refers to the performance of the proposed system. IBM and Speech Separation Mask refer to the performance of the missing-data recognizer using the ideal binary mask and mask from [15] respectively. For comparison, the performance of the conventional ASR without the use of any front-end processing is also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-output-feedback-control-of-3d-directional-drilling-55bbi6bvje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-of-the-th-dynamics-and-ph-dynamics-for-9g5zz2ih.png FIGURE 3 Interaction of the Θ-dynamics and Φ-dynamics for non-neutral (left) and neutral (right) bit walk models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-structure-of-the-proposed-control-strategy-3l5brwp3.png FIGURE 5 Structure of the proposed control strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-simulation-results-of-the-neutral-bit-walk-robust-agrl4omn.png FIGURE 16 Simulation results of the neutral bit walk robust output-feedback controller for Π = 0.5Π̄ (dotted line), Π = Π̄ (solid line), Θ0 = 1◦, Φ0 = 100◦, and𝜛 ∈ {−5◦, −10◦, −15◦} [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-closed-loop-poles-of-the-four-different-isolated-qn9dhpjf.png FIGURE 8 Closed-loop poles of the four different isolated error systems in (30), (31), (32), and (33) for the neutral bit walk system for Π = 0.0087 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-desired-borehole-geometry-and-trajectory-to-be-3gs8l1o9.png FIGURE 7 Desired borehole geometry and trajectory to be tracked [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-control-input-applied-to-the-system-colour-figure-2292prp8.png FIGURE 10 Control input applied to the system [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tracking-left-and-observer-right-error-response-for-32xhsng1.png FIGURE 9 Tracking (left) and observer (right) error response for different initial conditions [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-robust-stability-test-for-inclination-left-and-1gk64o9v.png FIGURE 11 Robust stability test for inclination (left) and azimuth (right) error dynamics in (47) and (48) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/robust-time-domain-full-waveform-inversion-with-normalized-1f4g1ool2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-observed-solid-black-line-and-predicted-data-1fj6e1zy.png Figure 5. The observed (solid black line) and predicted data (dashed grey line) excited by the first shot shown in Fig. 1 and recorded at the receiver (the triangle). The head, diffracted and direct waves are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-multiscale-images-obtained-by-fwi-with-different-27d1m7b9.png Figure 14. Multiscale images obtained by FWI with different objective functions. The initial model is shown in Fig. 6(b). From top to bottom, inverted results computed at two frequency bands with the L2 norm (a and b), the Huber norm (c and d) and the normalized zero-lag cross-correlation function (e and f). Here, the data is contaminated by Gaussian white noise (SNR equal to 20 dB) and some traces are rescaled by a factor 20 (Fig. 13a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-common-shot-gathers-of-the-17th-shot-generated-1d9lifwo.png Figure 13. Common shot gathers of the 17th shot generated from the Marmousi model. Panel (a) shows the data contaminated by Gaussian white noise with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB, where the seismic traces have been randomly rescaled by a factor 20 to simulate strong ground motion. Panel (b) shows the data contaminated by non-Gaussian noise generated by adding up to nine rectangles in whose interior the data are first replaced by its average value and then rescaled by a factor 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-observed-solid-black-lines-and-predicted-3apochlr.png Figure 19. The observed (solid black lines) and predicted (dashed grey lines) data excited by the two shots shown in Fig. 6 and recorded at the last receiver (the triangle). The plot (a) shows the data from the first shot, while the plot (b) shows the data from the 17th shot. The head and direct waves are indicated in both plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-multiscale-images-obtained-using-noise-free-data-35qdpx7y.png Figure 20. Multiscale images obtained using noise-free data (Fig. 7a) and two different objective functions. The initial model is shown in Fig. 6(c). The left-hand column shows the results obtained by the conventional L2 norm at two frequency bands (from low to high frequency bands, a and b), while the right-hand column shows the results obtained with the normalized zero-lag cross-correlation function at the same frequency bands (from low to high frequency bands, c and d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-marmousi-model-a-real-velocity-model-b-a-model-25lq64lz.png Figure 6. The Marmousi model. (a) Real velocity model. (b) A model obtained by the first-arrival traveltime tomography based on the adjoint-state method, which is labelled as initial velocity model A. (c) Initial velocity model B, which is defined as a 1-D velocity model whose profile is shown on the right-hand side. A 0.22-km-thick water layer with the same speed value of 1.5 km s−1 (typical velocity of water layers) overlies other layers at deeper depths whose velocity values range from 1.5 to 4.5 km s−1 along the depth z-axis and remain invariable laterally along the horizontal x-axis. The crosses indicate the positions of first and 17th shot points, while the triangle marks the position of the last receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-common-shot-gathers-of-the-17th-shot-generated-from-1pn39ppe.png Figure 7. Common shot gathers of the 17th shot generated from the Marmousi model, without and with Gaussian white noise: (a) noise-free data; (b) data contaminated by Gaussian white noise with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-multiscale-images-obtained-using-noise-free-data-27n0qz73.png Figure 12. Multiscale images obtained using noise-free data simulated by the incorrect source wavelets (shown in Fig. 2) without and with source inversion. The initial model is shown in Fig. 6(b). The left-hand column are the final results obtained by the conventional L2 norm after iterations at the second frequency band, while the right-hand column are the final results obtained with the normalized zero-lag cross-correlation function after iterations at the same frequency band. The top two rows are the inverted results with noise-free data simulated by the incorrect source wavelets I and II (Fig. 2), respectively. The bottom row shows the inverted results with the noise-free data simulated by the incorrect source wavelet I, but employing a source estimation method at each iteration. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-video-transmission-using-h-264-and-real-valued-bch-4zg0mfw8xq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-h-264-coding-decoding-scheme-without-mv-transmission-2m52wwaa.png Fig. 1. H.264 coding/decoding scheme without MV transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-psnr-rate-curves-using-our-method-bch-dct-a-12-h-264-370skp4b.png Fig. 3. PSNR/Rate curves using our method BCH(DCT, A=12), H.264 and H.263+ with half-pixel precision coders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-psnr-rate-curves-using-our-method-bch-fft-a-8-dct-a-4-l2k5f6i8.png Fig. 2. PSNR/Rate curves using our method : BCH((FFT, A=8),(DCT, A=4), (DCT, A=12)) and robust H.263+ coder. https://scispace.com/papers/robustness-evaluation-of-transformerless-pv-inverter-144s9vfq2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-analysed-transformerless-topologies-2m193yby.png Fig. 1: Analysed transformerless topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-3ss90pcg.png TABLE II: Simulation Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-european-efficiencies-1kad0idm.png Fig. 4: European Efficiencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-dc-component-of-the-grid-side-current-ogo95moj.png Fig. 5: Measured DC component of the grid side current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-of-efficiencies-per-power-level-1jz2qgcp.png Fig. 3: Distributions of efficiencies per power level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameter-distribution-of-the-analysed-igbt-modules-by42my8d.png TABLE I: Parameter distribution of the analysed IGBT modules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-employed-pv-inverter-controller-3ttevyv6.png Fig. 2: Employed PV inverter controller. https://scispace.com/papers/robustness-of-rismc-insights-under-alternative-aleatory-22cqqx5pzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-cumulative-hybrid-probability-distribution-33md83m2.png Figure 4-1. Cumulative hybrid probability distribution functions of all modeled rupture pressures for modeling Cases 1 through 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-epistemic-distribution-of-aleatory-percentiles-3uqqxyg9.png Figure 5-5. Epistemic Distribution of Aleatory Percentiles Output: Epistemic Distribution of the 95th percentiles of aleatory rupture pressures at 60 years for modeling Cases 2 through 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-probability-densities-representing-probabilistic-7jq60dct.png Figure 1-1: Probability Densities Representing Probabilistic Margins (Power uprates and aging are factors that may shift the curves) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-epistemic-distribution-of-aleatory-percentiles-1v5ld9l7.png Figure 5-4. Epistemic Distribution of Aleatory Percentiles Output: Epistemic Distribution of the 25th percentiles of aleatory rupture pressures at 60 years for modeling Cases 2 through 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-epistemic-distribution-of-aleatory-percentiles-4ma86vpx.png Figure 5-3. Epistemic Distribution of Aleatory Percentiles Output: Epistemic Distribution of the 5th percentiles of aleatory rupture pressures at 60 years for modeling Cases 2 through 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-layout-of-a-westinghouse-pwr-surge-line-nozzle-vaovod54.png Figure 3-1: Layout of a Westinghouse PWR surge line nozzle connection to the pressurizer (Courtesy of Westinghouse). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assignment-of-aleatory-or-epistemic-uncertainty-to-326ama33.png Table 1 Assignment of aleatory or epistemic uncertainty to primary variables by modeling case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-epistemic-distribution-of-aleatory-means-output-3492xeqs.png Figure 5-2. Epistemic Distribution of Aleatory Means Output: Cumulative epistemic probability distribution functions of aleatory means of modeled rupture pressures at 60 years for modeling Cases 2 through 8 https://scispace.com/papers/role-des-fluides-dans-le-comportement-hydromecanique-des-4huapbz6o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-vue-3d-du-site-laboratoire-de-coaraze-contexte-2k3x7rjo.png Fig. 1 (a) Vue 3D du Site Laboratoire de Coaraze: contexte hydrogéologique du massif https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-resultats-dun-pulse-test-impose-en-hm1-avec-rxqrcky6.png Fig. 4 a, b Résultats d’un pulse test imposé en HM1 avec mesures simultanées de la pression interstitielle et du déplacement normal en HM1 et en HM2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-solution-de-calage-pour-la-modelisation-hydromecanique-1va9noql.png Fig. 6 Solution de calage pour la modélisation hydromécanique couplée comparée aux mesures in situ: (a) Cas de référence; (b) Vérification des paramètres rétro-analysés en HM1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-instrumentation-du-site-laboratoire-de-coaraze-a-fag8x2ur.png Fig. 2 Instrumentation du Site Laboratoire de Coaraze: (a) position des capteurs en forage; (b) dispositif de mesures couplées pression/déplacement basses fréquences; (c) equipement hydromécanique haute fréquence; (d) dispositif expérimental utilisé pour les essais https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-analyse-de-sensibilite-dun-pulse-de-pression-impose-en-2i9mn26q.png Fig. 8 Analyse de sensibilité d’un pulse de pression imposé en HM1 avec variation: (a) de la raideur normale initiale en HM1(knF); (b) de l’ouverture hydraulique initiale en HM1(bhiF); (c) de la raideur normale initiale des joints de stratification (knJS); (d) de l’ouverture hydraulique initiale des joints de stratification (bhiJS); (e) du module d’Young de la matrice rocheuse (ER ); (f) de la géométrie du réseau de fractures (CAS I, II, III) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-geometrie-du-modele-3dec-du-reseau-de-fractures-jssq1sxu.png Fig. 5 a Géométrie du modèle 3DEC du réseau de fractures autour du point d’injection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-analyse-de-sensibilite-en-hm2-pour-un-pulse-de-v807mkuo.png Fig. 9 Analyse de sensibilité en HM2 pour un pulse de pression imposé en HM1 avec variation: (a) de la raideur normale initiale en HM1(knF); (b) de l’ouverture hydraulique initiale en HM1(bhiF); (c) de la raideur normale initiale des joints de stratification (knJS); (d) de l’ouverture hydraulique initiale des joints de stratification (bhiJS); (e) du module d’Young de la matrice rocheuse (ER); (f) de la géométrie du réseau de fractures (CAS I, II, III) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variabilite-des-differents-signaux-hydromecaniques-36gmazb9.png Fig. 3 Variabilité des différents signaux hydromécaniques observés dans une roche fracturée hétérogène https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-excitons-in-double-raman-resonances-in-gaas-quantum-23e3cmlzqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raman-scattering-efficiency-as-a-function-of-magnetic-1ufcq7og.png FIG. 5. Raman scattering efficiency as a function of magnetic field for ~a! s2s2 and ~b! s1s1 parallel polarization configurations in backscattering geometry. The experimental points~circles! have been plotted on top of the theoretical lines for comparison. The labels indicate the incoming channels of the double resonances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-spectra-taken-at-18-t-ins1s1-polarization-ip58nf2k.png FIG. 3. Raman spectra taken at 18 T ins1s1 polarization configuration for different incident laser energies. The energies and the magnetic field are chosen to be in the proximity of a double resonance with lh1 and lh0 as incoming and outgoing channels, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-atomic-collisions-in-fusion-4sbqmcot4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-1repo7dy.png Fig. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2pavykxh.png Fig . 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-u6btm3o3.png TABLE VII https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-3id8kjmv.png Fig. 30 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-3mkdcqic.png TABLE VIII https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-n-xei-the-product-of-the-plasma-density-and-energy-qp6415q3.png Fig. 2. n xEi the product of the plasma density and energy confinement time for ignition and energy breakeven (Lawson criteria) for DT and DD plasmas (Jassby and Towner). (773873) Fig. 3. Schematic drawing of charged particle confinement by a magnetic field. (786452). Pig. 4. Schematic Illustration of a tokamak showing the toroidal and pololdal magnetic fields. (754023) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-1wlybt35.png Fig . 25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rawls-1979-if0or4h4.png TABLE I (Rawls, 1979) https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-surface-chemistry-on-the-nature-of-passive-oxide-2o665kotmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-surface-atomic-concentration-of-key-elements-wqk3t3mh.png TABLE II. Surface atomic concentration of key elements calculated from XPS survey spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xps-ce-3d-spectrum-for-high-cr-steel-coated-and-2s0v9de0.png FIG. 6. XPS Ce(3d) spectrum for high Cr steel coated and oxidized. Experimental core level spectra~••••!, and the result of computer fitted spectra ~—!. Suggested peak identification:@see the text and Table III~a!#. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-a-xps-binding-energies-accuracy60-2-ev-of-ce-3d-qjujy91o.png TABLE III. ~a! XPS binding energies~accuracy60.2 eV! of Ce (3d) for CeO2 oxidized coated low and high Cr steel.~b! Auger depth profile analysis for CeO2 coated oxidized high Cr steel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mass-gain-unit-area-vs-time-for-uncoated-and-ceo2-1jaog07i.png FIG. 1. Mass gain/unit area vs time for uncoated and CeO2 coated low and high Cr steel during isothermal oxidation at 923 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-typical-spectrographic-analysis-composition-of-low-21h7waiy.png TABLE I. Typical spectrographic analysis composition of low and high Cr steels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-sei-of-the-top-scale-surface-formed-on-nsbfhnq6.png FIG. 2. SEM micrographs~SEI! of the top scale surface formed on:~a! uncoated high Cr steel,~b! CeO2 coated high Cr steel, and~c! CeO2 low Cr steel. XRD spectra for high Cr steel~A! uncoated oxidized and~B! coated-oxidized peak identification:~i! Fe–Cr,~ii ! Cr2O3, ~iii ! Fe2O3, ~iii !8 FeCr2O4, ~iv! CeO2, ~v! CeO2.Cr2O3. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-the-dielectric-mismatch-on-the-properties-of-donors-4jyo0ch0lx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-donor-binding-energy-eb-in-a-gan-a-zno-b-and-gaas-c-3tm8ff3p.png FIG. 2. Donor binding energy EB in a GaN (a), ZnO (b) and GaAs (c) nano-slab of thickness L, with respect to the distance d0 between the donor nucleus and the closest surface. Dashed lines show EB in absence of dielectric mismatch for a semi-infinite slab. The black solid line shows EB for a donor located at the center of a nanoslab of thickness 2d0. (I), (II) and (III) show the extension of the surface, intermediate and bulk regions of the nanoslab, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-b-binding-energy-eb-for-a-donor-located-at-the-wgkcz19l.png FIG. 1. (a,b) Binding energy EB for a donor located at the center (a) or at the surface (b) of a ZnO (squares), GaN (circles) and GaAs (triangles) nanostructure bounded by air with respect to the half of the thickness of the nanostructure (L/2). (c,d) EB in reduced units of energy and length for a donor located at the center (c) or at the surface (d) of a ZnO (black), GaN (red) and GaAs (blue) nanoslab. The result of tight-binding calculations (Ref. 9) for a donor atom located on the axis of a Si cylindrical wire with radius L/2 is also shown (green solid line). The dashed-dotted lines show EB in absence of dielectric mismatch for a semi-infinite slab. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effective-potential-black-and-envelope-function-fe-red-1qob3w2x.png FIG. 3. Effective potential (black) and envelope function fe (red) for an electron bound to donor nucleus in a 52 nm-thick GaN nanoslab. The distance between the donor nucleus and the surface is 26 (a) and 0.5 nm (b), as pointed out by the arrow. Dashed lines show the energy of the electron lowest-energy level. When going from the core to the surface of the structure, fe changes from a 1s to a 2p-like symmetry. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-the-north-atlantic-circulation-in-the-mid-42c46dpx5n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-modern-surface-circulation-in-the-north-atlantic-3mjvm24d.png Figure 1. (a) Modern surface circulation in the North Atlantic and location of IODP-U1385 and other sites discussed in this paper. ENACWsp: eastern North Atlantic Central Water of subpolar origin; ENACWst: eastern North Atlantic Central Water of subtropical origin; IPC: Iberian Poleward Current; PC: Portugal Current. The white dashed line represents the today’s approximate surface limit between ENACWsp and ENACWst (Fiúza et al., 1998). (b) Regional bathymetry of the southwest Iberian margin, showing site U1385 (Expedition 339 Scientists, 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-records-from-the-midlatitude-iodp-25ulyqe2.png Figure 3. Comparison of records from the midlatitude (IODP-U1385; ODP-607) and the subpolar (ODP-980) North Atlantic. Benthic δ18O (a) and δ13C (b) from U1385 (Hodell et al., 2015); filling in panel (b) is enhancing 13C-depleted values typical for Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (Adkins et al., 2005). (c) Percentage of N. pachyderma sinistral at sites U1385 (filled), 607 (glod), and 980 (purple). (d) Relative abundance of T. quinqueloba for sites U1385 (filled) and 980. (e) Relative abundance of the NAC assemblage (as defined by Ottens, 1991) at sites U1385 (red) and 980 (green). Site 980 faunal data are from Wright and Flower (2002); for this work, the NAC assemblage of site 980 has been calculated using the published census counts. (f) SST from sites 980 (dark blue; Wright and Flower, 2002), 607 (pink; Ruddiman et al., 1989), and U1385 (green; Martin-Garcia et al., 2015), with filling enhancing lower temperatures than 14.6 ◦C, the average SST for the study interval. (g) Longitudinal (green) and latitudinal (purple) thermal gradients, with the statistical mean for each MIS represented in superimposed straight lines. Age models for sites 980 and 607 have been recalculated using the LR04 stock. Yellow bands highlight interglacials. Terminations (T) are marked in Roman numerals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-abundance-of-planktonic-foraminiferal-1u1x6jx2.png Figure 2. Relative abundance of planktonic foraminiferal species and assemblages in IODP-U1385 through MIS14–MIS20, and comparison with benthic isotope data from the same site. (a) Benthic δ18O record (Hodell et al., 2015) with filling enhancing glacial conditions according to the threshold for the North Atlantic (McManus et al., 1999); glacial substages are named according to Railsback et al. (2015). Relative abundance of (b) polar species N. pachyderma sinistral; (c) subpolar species T. quinqueloba; (d) NAC assemblage (as defined by Ottens, 1991); and (e) warm surface assemblage (as defined by Vautravers et al., 2004). Yellow bands highlight interglacials. Terminations (T) are marked in Roman numerals. IODP-U1385 isotopic record is from Hodell et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-vanadium-dioxide-carbon-nanotube-gas-2otrdn502o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-a-vo2-b-vo2-swcnt-2k8t3j95.png Figure. 3. X-ray diffraction pattern for (a) VO2 (b) VO2 – SWCNT composite and (c) VO2 – MWCNT composite showing the VO2 bulk material is monoclinic in the B-phase (by comparison to the ICSD database reference pattern: 73856 and to the study by Popuri et al.55). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-results-showing-a-3bh1kc71.png Figure. 4. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showing (a) vanadium (2p) scan for VO2 control and VO2-CNT samples (b) a vanadium (2p) scan for the respective N-doped samples and (c) a carbon (1s) scan for the N-doped samples. Data was calibrated against the C1s signal (285.0 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-real-time-sensing-response-curves-showing-2s13t6te.png Figure. 7. (a) Real time sensing response curves showing examples of the resistance changes observed (plotted as response magnitude S = (R – R0) / R0) when un-doped VO2 control sensors, VO2-SWCNT sensors and VO2-MWCNT sensors are exposed to increasing concentrations of NH3. The sensor response magnitudes averaged over three testing cycles are shown in (b) for NH3 concentrations (in dry synthetic air) in the range 20 to 45 ppm. The error bars represent the standard error on the mean response magnitudes to NH3. https://scispace.com/papers/rotation-group-bias-in-measures-of-multiple-job-holding-3cht11xslk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weighted-mjh-means-by-month-in-sample-1994-95-and-1ctpan8l.png Table 1: Weighted MJH Means by Month-in-Sample, 1994-95 and 2014-15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-multiple-job-holding-rates-by-rotation-group-1sjz9xrb.png Figure 2: Mean Multiple Job Holding Rates by Rotation Group and Gender, 1994-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-female-multiple-job-holding-rates-by-year-for-all-22ef87e6.png Figure 1b: Female Multiple Job Holding Rates by Year for All, MIS 1, MIS 5, MIS 2-4 & 6-8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-male-multiple-job-holding-rates-by-year-for-all-yu4y1mmt.png Figure 1b: Female Multiple Job Holding Rates by Year for All, MIS 1, MIS 5, MIS 2-4 & 6-8 https://scispace.com/papers/rotational-effects-on-the-flow-field-inside-a-leading-edge-59vxcf3lcn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-impingement-channel-velocity-contours-on-planes-xz-1hhq4a0u.png Figure 10: Impingement channel - velocity contours on planes xz (a-f) and yz (g-l), for static (odd columns) and rotating (even columns) conditions and for HUB (top line), MID (central line) and TIP (bottom line) cross flow cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-jet-velocity-profiles-extracted-from-plane-xz-at-z-3dy5upmp.png Figure 11: Jet velocity profiles extracted from plane xz at z=40.1mm (a) and yz at z= 34.1 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-feeding-channel-velocity-contours-on-plane-xy-for-22kx484k.png Figure 8: Feeding channel - velocity contours on plane xy for static (top line) and rotating conditions (bottom line), and at variable cross flow conditions (HUB, MID, TIP respectively in the first, second, and third column. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-feeding-channel-velocity-contours-on-planes-yz1-a-f-2l7m14e8.png Figure 7: Feeding channel - velocity contours on planes yz1 (a-f) and yz2 (g-l), for static (odd columns) and rotating (even columns) conditions and for HUB (top line), MID (central line) and TIP (bottom line) cross flow cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-jet-velocity-profiles-extracted-from-plane-xz-at-z-3dji9ebh.png Figure 12: Jet velocity profiles extracted from plane xz at z=40.1mm (a) and yz at z= 34.1 (b) for Reynolds numbers of 30000 and 10000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-feeding-channel-velocity-profiles-extracted-from-1ytew3wh.png Figure 13: Feeding channel velocity profiles extracted from plane yz1 at z =-32.9 mm for Reynolds numbers of 30000 and 10000: (a) static, (b) rotating condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-feeding-channel-schematization-of-the-3-dimensional-2cewvipy.png Figure 9: Feeding channel – schematization of the 3-dimensional flow structures development for the cross-flow condition TIP https://scispace.com/papers/roughness-induced-resonance-for-molecular-fluorescence-near-2qomnvtj6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decay-rate-spectrum-for-a-molecule-located-at-d-50-o17kx9np.png FIG. 1. Decay-rate spectrum for a molecule located at d =50 https://scispace.com/papers/roundness-measurement-of-spherical-artifacts-at-arbitrary-rkd4dg5bbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-spherical-artifact-with-axial-radial-jtote2tn.png Figure 1 Schematic of a spherical artifact with axial, radial and arbitrary measurement locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geometric-model-used-to-determine-the-change-in-2l6v01mo.png Figure 2 Geometric model used to determine the change in distance to the displacement sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measurements-reflecting-the-combined-contribution-272a86eq.png Figure 3 Measurements reflecting the combined contribution of spindle and artifact error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-four-separate-estimates-of-the-artifact-form-error-3pry7vb7.png Figure 4 Four separate estimates of the artifact form error at φ = 45º. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-computed-and-measured-radial-17j4jufn.png Figure 5 Comparison of the computed and measured radial error motion at the equator of the spherical artifact. https://scispace.com/papers/row-column-arrangements-of-regular-and-nonregular-fractional-37c2n7b71k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-names-of-the-12-treatment-factors-studied-in-the-car-340otoa4.png Table 1: Names of the 12 treatment factors studied in the car tire experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-of-the-row-column-arrangements-in-table-y0keqhfv.png Table 5: Performance of the row-column arrangements in Table 4 in terms of the optimality criteria defined in Table 3 and in terms of the IC1 value. The entries of the F3 and F4 vectors are the frequencies of J3- and J4-characteristics of 16 and 8. The entries of the FA rc22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ar3-a-c-3-and-ic2-values-of-the-optimal-19pf29dn.png Figure 3: Ar3 + A c 3 and IC2 values of the optimal arrangements of 24-run two-level designs in four rows and three columns. Circles represent W2 , W − 2 and W3 optimal row-column arrangements, while black dots represent arrangements that are optimal in terms of the IC2 value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-color-map-showing-the-correlations-between-the-25hu1zl2.png Figure 4: Color map showing the correlations between the contrast vectors for the two blocking factors (the rows and the columns), the main effects of the 12 treatment factors and the second-order interactions of the treatment factors for the row-column arrangement in Table 2 for the car tire experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimization-vectors-for-the-w2-w-2-and-w3-optimal-yeo1bxq0.png Table 3: Minimization vectors for the W2, W − 2 and W3 optimal row-column arrangements of strength-2 designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-four-16-run-designs-with-five-two-level-factors-1phq5h8l.png Table 4: Four 16-run designs with five two-level factors arranged in four rows and four columns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ar3-a-c-3-and-ic2-values-of-the-optimal-qty0frkh.png Figure 2: Ar3+A c 3 and IC2 values of the optimal arrangements of 24-run two-level designs in six rows and four columns. Circles represent W2, W − 2 and W3 optimal row-column arrangements, while black dots represent arrangements that are optimal in terms of the IC2 value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recommended-treatment-design-for-the-12-factor-car-2zshc8gp.png Table 2: Recommended treatment design for the 12-factor car tire experiment. Factor names are given in Table 1. The 24 treatments are orthogonally blocked with respect to days as well as to drivers. https://scispace.com/papers/rppm-rapid-performance-prediction-of-multithreaded-y7fsd2q3gt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rodinia-benchmarks-and-their-inputs-3nyg3a9b.png TABLE 1: Rodinia Benchmarks and their inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-architecture-configurations-hh0okl65.png TABLE 2: Simulated architecture configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prediction-error-for-main-crit-and-rppm-2dk9i9po.png Fig. 2: Prediction error for MAIN, CRIT and RPPM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rppm-predicts-multithreaded-execution-time-in-three-3n9qnnqk.png Fig. 1: RPPM predicts multithreaded execution time in three steps: (a) We profile an application’s synchronization behavior and per-epoch statistics for each thread. We then predict an application’s execution time (b) by predicting per-epoch active execution times for each active thread, and (c) by estimating the impact of synchronization on overall application performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cycles-stacks-by-rppm-left-normalized-to-simulation-11j44vux.png Fig. 3: Cycles stacks by RPPM (left) normalized to simulation (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-case-study-predicting-the-optimum-design-point-2l67mdyv.png TABLE 3: Case study: Predicting the optimum design point. https://scispace.com/papers/running-servers-around-zero-degrees-2xb8tefj0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-for-tent-shielding-the-computer-hardware-3uenxux6.png Figure 1: Schematic for tent shielding the computer hardware from rain and snow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dates-of-when-servers-were-installed-12qj3vav.png Figure 2: Dates of when servers were installed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-humidities-inside-and-outside-the-tent-3ewlbyb4.png Figure 4: Relative humidities inside and outside the tent. Missing inside measurements are due to the Lascar data logger’s delayed arrival. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperatures-outside-and-inside-the-tent-3qwgbp9o.png Figure 3: Temperatures outside and inside the tent. https://scispace.com/papers/runoff-simulation-with-eight-different-flow-accumulation-1npz1mk5td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-accumulation-estimated-from-different-2bqr5j9k.png Figure 1. Flow accumulation estimated from different algorithms (modified from Schäuble et al., 2008; Tesfa et al., 2011; and Pilesjö and Hasan, 2014). D8: Deterministic eight-node algorithm; and D∞: Deterministic Infinity algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-geographic-location-of-the-study-area-within-the-1shpfw84.png Figure 2. (a) Geographic location of the study area within the Ebro river basin (NE Spain), (b) map of the Estaña Lakes Catchment with the boundaries between the different sub-catchments and (c) picture showing the main lakes at the bottom of the catchment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-monthly-values-of-rainfall-depth-r-mm-and-average-32azw5if.png Figure 3. (a) Monthly values of rainfall depth (R, mm) and average of maximum rainfall intensity (I30, mm/ h) measured at the Canelles weather station and of potential evapotranspiration at the Barbastro weather station, (b) pictures of the equipment installed to measure the water level of the EA and EGA Lakes, and (c) daily values of rainfall depth (Estaña weather station) and of the water level of the EA and EGA Lakes. a) b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-yearly-runoff-depth-and-runoff-and-runon-2nqsusl2.png Table 1 Average yearly runoff depth and runoff and runon coefficients calculated with the eight overland flow accumulation algorithms for the whole Estaña Lakes catchment and the EA and EGA Lakes sub-catchments for a period of 15 years (1997-2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-the-values-3032hqyy.png Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients between the values of predicted runon depth with the DR2-2013 © SAGA v1.0 model (CQeff, mm) and the values of lake level variations (m) in the EA and EGA Lakes with the four selected FAAs; m: month. Bold face numbers are significant at the 95% confidence level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-coefficients-and-nash-sutcliffe-1g5efrl0.png Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients between the predicted volumes of water for the EGA lake at each month, VLpredm (m 3 ), with the DR2-2013 © SAGAv1.0 model and the four selected FAAs and the measured volumes of water, VLmeasm (m 3 ) (more details in Eq.(11)). Bold face numbers are significant at the 95% confidence level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-runoff-and-runon-coefficients-calculated-with-the-evwpbusb.png Figure 5. Runoff and runon coefficients calculated with the four selected flow accumulation algorithms at the EA and EGA Lakes catchments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-of-predicted-runon-values-with-the-four-2ji2ffjh.png Figure 6. Correlation of predicted runon values with the four selected FAAs and variation of the water level of the EA and EGA Lakes. Identification of the runon threshold values to predict predominant processes of drop and rise of the water level of the lakes. https://scispace.com/papers/rwanda-from-devastation-to-services-first-transformation-26blfkmqgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-b-farmers-employment-diversifies-2ulhoqoe.png Figure 9(b): Farmers’ employment diversifies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-connectivity-expands-to-the-whole-country-1ze5rtb7.png Figure 5: Connectivity expands to the whole country https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-20-merchandise-exports-and-re-exports-and-their-1cgbil6g.png Table 2: Top 20 merchandise exports and re-exports and their growth, 2003–15 (US$000 and percent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-labour-productivity-increases-with-sectoral-3lkymun7.png Figure 9(b): Farmers’ employment diversifies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-agriculture-gave-way-to-services-and-industry-as-24mxzr1b.png Figure 6: Agriculture gave way to services and industry as drivers of growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-visitor-arrivals-and-spending-2012-14-1uv0857p.png Table 4: Visitor arrivals and spending, 2012–14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-rwandas-exports-compared-with-averages-for-sub-36pwzqul.png Figure 12: Rwanda’s exports compared with averages for Sub-Saharan African countries (a) average 2004–5; https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-10-informal-exports-from-rwanda-to-various-1xy4lm8v.png Table 3: Top 10 informal exports from Rwanda to various destinations (US$ 000s) https://scispace.com/papers/rythmic-changes-in-crystal-chemistry-of-trioctahedral-cr-218wkiilj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-structural-formula-in-atoms-per-half-11a6oksy.png TABLE 2. Selected structural formula (in atoms per half formula) from the traverse-line carried out on crystal I. Values correspond to analytical points (one point over 4, e.g. every 12 mm). Ca, Na, K and Ti are below detection limit. (&: vacancy) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-evolution-of-micro-raman-parameters-along-a-scanning-3ektlzam.png FIG. 10. Evolution of micro-Raman parameters along a scanning-line crosscutting a band enriched in Cr (crystal I). Cr content (atoms per half formula – a.p.h.f.) and the wavenumber stretching n(OH-Mg) band vs. length (mm) are given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-micro-raman-spectra-obtained-along-a-line-crossing-1hnll1td.png FIG. 9. Micro-Raman spectra obtained along a line crossing crystal I in the spectral range 3450 – 3750 cm –1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ival-vial-fe-cr-and-mg-contents-atoms-per-half-formula-122lant9.png FIG. 4. IVAl, VIAl, Fe, Cr and Mg contents (atoms per half formula: a.p.h.f.) determined from quantitative electron microprobe analysis (crystal I) along the profile shown in Fig. 3a. n refers to analysis number, each analytical point being 3 mm from the next. Vertical lines indicate the location of a Cr-rich growth band (a), and vertical dotted lines the location of a secondary order growth band (b) showing a depletion in Mg correlating to an increase in octahedral Al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vial-vs-cr-diagram-for-the-erzerum-cr-chlorite-2sqr0dmx.png FIG. 5. VIAl vs. Cr diagram for the Erzerum Cr-chlorite crystals I and II (a.p.h.f. : atoms per half formula). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-of-dehydroxylation-processes-of-the-erzerum-cr-navdffx9.png TABLE 1. Data of dehydroxylation processes of the Erzerum Cr-chlorite using the TG and DTG curves. The experimental mass loss were obtained using a mono-crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thermogravimetric-tg-and-differential-1lsz98ek.png FIG. 1. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis curves of the Erzerum Cr-chlorite. The arrows indicate the weight losses at specific temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-micro-raman-spectra-of-the-erzerum-cr-chlorite-in-the-24noayhc.png FIG. 6. Micro-Raman spectra of the Erzerum Cr-chlorite in the 3375 –3725 cm –1 spectral range recorded for two different scattering geometries. https://scispace.com/papers/s-nitrosylation-of-mouse-galectin-2-prevents-oxidative-4oyuo2ievv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sso16uyp.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3f5qiysc.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2eh5ceyx.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1osm5iux.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/safer-spaces-the-impact-of-a-reduction-in-road-fatalities-on-1josayjob5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actual-and-counterfactual-years-of-life-expectancy-28uut6sm.png Table 3. Actual and counterfactual years of life expectancy at birth in 2009 for females https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deaths-by-road-user-category-in-south-africa-1mmj222k.png Figure 2: Deaths by road user category in South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-life-expectancy-in-south-africa-1990-2020-1k7mfpou.png Figure 1. Life expectancy in South Africa 1990-2020 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-actual-and-counterfactual-years-of-life-expectancy-2ml874ba.png Table 1. Actual and counterfactual years of life expectancy at birth in 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-actual-and-counterfactual-years-of-life-expectancy-27epfgu3.png Table 2. Actual and counterfactual years of life expectancy at birth in 2009 for males https://scispace.com/papers/safety-and-co2-emissions-implications-of-using-organic-bmn8wpcyj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-general-layout-of-the-whrs-26kfx14s.png Figure 5 - General layout of the WHRS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-whrs-location-in-the-exhaust-gas-system-2r06x7j2.png Figure 4 - WHRS location in the exhaust gas system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-some-of-the-important-whrs-characteristics-for-both-21exdmba.png Table 6 - Some of the important WHRS characteristics for both methodologies, Saavedra et al. and Suarez et al., are shown and compared in order to assess the level of accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-working-fluids-selected-with-their-gwp-value-in-a-2tmrrkfk.png Table 3 - Working fluids selected with their GWP value in a time interval of 100 years, auto-ignition and decomposition temperatures, and flash points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-moga-setting-used-to-solve-the-different-marine-whrs-1frnv0c3.png Table 5- MOGA setting used to solve the different marine WHRS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-representation-of-the-pareto-front-1jc2n2iu.png Figure 7 - Representation of the pareto front. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-co2-emission-reductions-achieved-by-the-different-tk5xd45x.png Figure 10- CO2 emission reductions achieved by the different Aframax's WHRS for a single year of operation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fuel-savings-achieved-by-the-different-whrs-during-1t123ma1.png Figure 9 - Fuel savings achieved by the different WHRS during one year of operation on board the Aframax tanker. https://scispace.com/papers/salesperson-s-procedural-knowledge-experience-and-4x8s96g99r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correlation-between-procedural-knowledge-and-24d6vun2.png Table II. Correlation between procedural knowledge and performance in each experience group https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-moderated-regressions-for-procedural-knowledge-sales-2ho4du8u.png Table I. Moderated regressions for procedural knowledge, sales experience, and their interactions predicting sales performance (n=100) https://scispace.com/papers/salience-risky-choices-and-gender-4zxan7ehjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-on-who-responds-more-ot-salience-3tj2mcy5.png Table 2: Correlations on who responds more ot Salience https://scispace.com/papers/salt-stress-induces-genotype-specific-dna-hypomethylation-in-2wqcwm6ozi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dna-methylation-profile-of-ev-22-v1-and-syngenta-lymgwmzp.png Figure 2. DNA methylation profile of EV-22 (V1) and Syngenta 8441 (V2) at the region of -0.4k of the promoter of ZmXET1 gene under normal and stress conditions. a) PCR amplification of -0.4k region with methylated and non-methylated primers. M represents methylated primers and NM represents non-methylated primers. The V1-NM band is slightly lower because the expected band size is smaller than V1-M band b) Comparison of DNA methylation profile of two genotypes through gel quantification data. c) PCR amplification of -0.4k region with methylated primers of both varieties at different treatments. d) Comparison of shift in DNA methylation profile of two genotypes through gel quantification data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dna-methylation-profile-of-ev-22-v1-and-syngenta-5d3ibxz5.png Figure 1. DNA methylation profile of EV-22 (V1) and Syngenta 8441 (V2) at the region of -1.1k of the promoter of ZmEXPB2 gene under normal and salt stress conditions. a) PCR amplification of -1.1k region with methylated and non-methylated primers. M represents methylated primers and NM represents non-methylated primers. b) Comparison of DNA methylation profile of two genotypes through gel quantification data. c) PCR amplification of -1.1k region with methylated primers of both varieties at different salt treatments. d) Comparison of shift in DNA methylation profile (with methylated primer pair) of two genotypes at different salt treatments through gel quantification data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-gene-expression-levels-of-zmexpb2-and-12iolblz.png Figure 3. Relative gene expression levels of ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 genes in of EV-22 (V1) and Syngenta 8441 (V2). T1 = 1 mM (control), T2 = 100 mM and T3 = 200 mM of NaCl https://scispace.com/papers/sample-average-approximation-of-stochastic-dominance-cxscijgiav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-set-ksy-x-c-covered-by-g-cubes-1kypt9v0.png Figure 1: Set ΞY × C̃ Covered by γ-cubes https://scispace.com/papers/sample-size-matters-investigating-the-effect-of-sample-size-2fcd7n3j9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-properties-of-the-study-areas-17xjr1lx.png Table 1.Selected properties of the study areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-map-sections-for-full-extent-see-supplement-from-the-17tzprxw.png Fig. 7.Map sections (for full extent, see Supplement) from the ZBT( ) and LT(A) areas. The maps show the susceptibility map (see Fig.6) and a map of the IQR90 calculated from the model ensemble. The latter map represents the uncertainty of the susceptibility map that is due to the sampling process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-distance-between-neighbouring-sample-points-top-2z2rsepf.png Fig. 4. Mean distance between neighbouring sample points (top), number of model species in 1000 samples (center), and two model diversity measures (bottom) as a function of sample size. Shades of grey denote the degree to which the raster cells in a sample of size n lie, on average, within the autocorrelation range of geofactors. Red arrows indicate the sample sizes for which the Shannon and Simpson indices reach a local minimum, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-study-areas-1pj3ki93.png Fig. 1.Overview of the study areas. https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-strategies-to-assess-microbial-diversity-of-4rtysgt1po 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-its-and-16s-primer-sequences-for-metabarcoding-1tt3ow0p.png Table 1. ITS and 16S primer sequences for metabarcoding sequences. 497 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-illumina-miseq-reads-allocated-to-each-1ixun93n.png Table 2. Number of Illumina Miseq reads allocated to each sample. 502 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diversity-metrics-for-fungal-and-bacterial-rrna-w8f6jlbo.png Table 3. Diversity metrics for fungal and bacterial rRNA sequences for each sample. Species richness (S), Shannon 510 index (H’) and Simpson’s Index of Dominance (1-D) are reported. 511 https://scispace.com/papers/sandbox-an-intuitive-conceptual-design-system-2zz29f9nsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sculpting-tools-2t5u4hth.png Fig. 6. Sculpting tools https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conventional-conceptual-modelling-using-foam-blocks-2r56x2c1.png Fig. 1. Conventional conceptual modelling using foam blocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-communication-between-the-digital-and-the-physical-1eia38uu.png Fig. 4. Communication between the digital and the physical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-range-of-geometric-representations-2pcq14vg.png Fig. 5. Range of geometric representations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-process-steps-and-time-spent-when-using-a-physical-2o7nyidh.png Fig. 8. Process steps and time spent when using a physical model (Top), compared to when using SandBOX. We estimate that a team can achieve 8x performance increase. This further increases with the number of models that are produced and with the familiarity the team has with the tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-previous-developments-of-interactive-tools-187rmi08.png Fig. 2. Previous developments of interactive tools https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-different-analysis-results-left-3q79ghht.png Fig. 7. Example of different analysis results. Left connectivity of a floorplate, Right vertical sky component on the facade of a tower https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-range-of-intuitive-interfaces-2ttwcpc9.png Fig. 3. Range of intuitive interfaces https://scispace.com/papers/sapphire-fibers-optical-attenuation-and-splicing-techniques-355hotoudt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-finished-sapphire-capillary-tube-splice-k4vgaj5p.png Fig. 4. Finished sapphire capillary-tube splice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-setup-for-capillary-tube-splice-technique-ui88uvb1.png Fig. 3. Setup for capillary-tube splice technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lens-pinhole-configuration-for-restricted-na-injection-3w3z0exv.png Fig. 2. Lens–pinhole configuration for restricted NA injection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-injection-of-a-sapphire-fiber-by-a-mode-scrambler-1kd7jt2h.png Fig. 1. Injection of a sapphire fiber by a mode scrambler. https://scispace.com/papers/sar-based-vibrometry-using-the-fractional-fourier-transform-2yh41nh7yo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dfrft-center-frequency-and-chirp-rate-subspace-36pw202y.png Figure 1. DFRFT center-frequency and chirp-rate subspace slices for a synthetic chirp depicting waveforms with clutter manifesting as high-frequency noise. Simple binomial smoothing of these subspace slices reduces the effects of clutter and noise in the signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulated-sar-image-containing-a-vibrating-target-f7dp0aep.png Figure 5. Simulated SAR image containing a vibrating target in the middle with SCR = 3 dB. The vibration magnitude and frequency are 1mm and 5 Hz, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-magnitude-of-the-dual-beam-soi-with-snr-13-db-3455ec7j.png Figure 6. The magnitude of the dual-beam SoI with SNR = 13 dB. The vibration magnitude and frequency are 1 mm and 5 Hz, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-data-collection-geometry-of-the-along-track-dual-1fw5jenj.png Figure 4. Data-collection geometry of the along-track dual-beam SAR. We define the baseline, 𝐵, as the distance between the fore-antenna and the aft-antenna and 𝑉𝐴 as the velocity of the collection platform. The aft-antenna collects the data from the same locations points the fore-antenna with a time delay of 𝜏𝐵 = 𝐵/𝑉𝐴. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sar-system-parameters-used-in-the-simulation-3a9iix9l.png Table 1: SAR System Parameters Used in the Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-direct-dfrft-estimates-from-real-data-a-sar-image-38n7ljnd.png Figure 2. Direct DFRFT estimates from real data: (a) SAR image used in the experiment, (b) acceleration estimates for SNR of 30 dB and SCR of 5 dB that are quite noisy, and (c) corresponding vibration spectrum depicting a peak at 2.5 Hz corresponding to the vibration frequency in the presence of significant clutter manifested in the form of side lobes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-spectrum-of-the-magnitude-of-the-dual-beam-soi-2rtao6v0.png Figure 7. The spectrum of the magnitude of the dual-beam SoI with SNR = 13 dB. The vibration magnitude and frequency are 1 mm and 5 Hz, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-and-true-vibration-velocities-using-the-pdbrymtl.png Figure 8. Estimated and true vibration velocities using the EKF-based method with SNR = 13 dB. The vibration magnitude and frequency are 1mm and 5 Hz, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/sarcocystis-strixi-n-sp-from-a-barred-owl-strix-varia-3782kdabhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-of-sarcocysts-of-sarcocystis-strixi-n-sp-a-3o6kerxw.png FIGURE 3. TEM of sarcocysts of Sarcocystis strixi n. sp. (A) Sarcocyst with relatively flat vp. (B) Sarcocyst with angular vp. (C) Note projections (pr) on vp. (D) Metrocyte, probably transforming to bradyzoite. (E) Details of vp. Note pvm lined by edl of uneven thickness, almost missing in areas of invaginations of the pvm in the gs (arrowheads). Also note the juxtaposition of a bradyzoite plasma lemma with outer (om) and inner membrane (im) and amylopectin granules (am). (F) Bradyzoite with a conoid (co), numerous micronemes (mn), 2 rhoptries (rh1, rh2), and posteriorly located nucleus (nu) and amylopectin granules (am). A¼32 days PI, B–E¼206 days PI. Note host cell (hc), parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm) lined by electron dense layer (edl), villar protrusion (vp), ground substance layer (gs), vesicles (vs), metrocytes (me), and bradyzoites. Also note variability in the appearance of vp in 5 images depicted here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-transmission-of-sarcocystis-strixi-adsm11ry.png TABLE I. Experimental transmission of Sarcocystis strixi sporocysts from a barred owl into laboratory-reared mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phylogenetic-tree-based-on-18s-rrna-sequences-was-1vigoqnd.png FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rRNA sequences was reconstructed under the criterion of maximum likelihood using Tamura-Nei 93þGþ I model of sequence evolution. Variability among sites was assumed to be gamma distributed with a shape parameter ¼ 0.38 and 73% of sites as invariant. PhyML, as implemented in Geneious 7.0, was used to reconstruct relationships from this alignment and using this model on 100 bootstrap replicates of the data (Guindon et al., 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-life-cycle-stages-of-sarcocystis-strixi-n-sp-a-1glovvxe.png FIGURE 1. Life cycle stages of Sarcocystis strixi n. sp. (A) Sporocysts from the intestine of a naturally infected barred owl (Strix varia). Note thin sporocyst wall (sw), 4 elongated sporozoites (sz) and granules of the residual body (rb). (B) Microscopic mature sarcocyst isolated from the muscles of experimentally infected KO mice, 206 days PI, unstained. (C) Sarcocyst wall (cw) with villar protrusions (vp). Also note septa (se). (D) Numerous sarcocysts in abdominal muscle. Arrow points to an inflammatory focus. (E) Severe inflammatory response around sarcocysts in leg muscle. (F) Cross section of a mature sarcocyst with a thin sarcocyst wall, without any visible protrusions. (G) Bradyzoites (br) and metrocytes (me) apparently without a cyst wall. (C–F) Sarcocysts in experimentally infected KO mice, C–F ¼ 206 days PI. G ¼ 32 days PI. B, C-unstained, D–G ¼ histological sections of muscle, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Color version available online. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tem-of-a-sarcocystis-strixi-n-sp-sarcocyst-in-cross-3kzv67zp.png FIGURE 2. TEM of a Sarcocystis strixi n. sp. sarcocyst in cross section, 32 days PI. The sarcocyst has undulating surface. Note variability in thickness (arrowheads) of the cyst wall (cw). The ground substance layer (gs) is smooth and continued in the interior of the sarcocyst as septa (se). Most organisms are metrocytes (me) and 1 is dividing by endodyogeny (double arrows). Also note 2 bradyzoites (br) and the host cell (hc). https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-acquisition-and-immune-pathogenesis-among-school-1u2gxjy605 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-sars-cov-2-infection-on-innate-immune-cells-32q7gddh.png Fig. 4 Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on innate immune cells. a The frequency of innate immune cell subsets was identified by flow cytometry and demonstrated decreased frequencies of circulating monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in infected children. b The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of innate immune cell activation markers such as HLA-DR on myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) was increased, whereas the expression of FcγIII receptor (CD16) on total NK cells and non-classical monocytes was reduced. c The expression of a costimulatory molecule, CD86, on total monocytes, classical monocytes, and non-classical monocytes was also reduced. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-regional-and-school-based-sars-cov-2-positivity-a-the-24oxvxmp.png Fig. 1 Regional and school-based SARS-CoV-2 positivity. a The marked growths in regional case rates (by participating students’ zip codes) are shown for each school site at testing cycle 1 and 2. b SARS-CoV-2 positivity by RT-qPCR in learners and staff at each of the school sites during cycle 2. c SARS-CoV-2 positivity by RT-qPCR in remote vs. on-site learners (aggregate of all 4 schools). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sars-cov-2-specific-antibodies-identified-in-school-drmwuhjq.png Fig. 2 SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies identified in school children. a Seroprevalence among learners at various schools. Neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in learners from b testing cycle 1 and c cycle 2. Each learner is represented by a separate symbol and a best fit curve characterizing the neutralizing antibody capacity. The red line represents the positive control while the blue line represents the negative control. Infected, minimally symptomatic learners showed robust neutralizing antibody function to SARS-CoV-2. https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-infection-depends-on-cellular-heparan-sulfate-and-1a0y1ycgke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ic50-values-for-heparin-and-hs-as-competitive-2mtutkgn.png Table 1. IC50 Values for Heparin and HS as Competitive Inhibitors of S Protein Binding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ace2-and-cellular-heparan-sulfate-are-both-3nbfm9l2.png Figure 5. ACE2 and Cellular Heparan Sulfate Are Both Necessary for Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ectodomain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sars-cov-2-spike-ectodomain-protein-binding-to-1ikrec5y.png Figure 4. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ectodomain Protein Binding to Cells Is Differentially Affected by HS from Different Organs and Potently Inhibited by Heparinoids https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-manipulation-of-cellular-heparan-sulfate-decreases-3teqyw64.png Figure 7. Manipulation of Cellular Heparan Sulfate Decreases Infection of Authentic SARS-CoV-2 Virus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sars-cov-2-spike-binds-heparin-through-the-rbd-zvn7x9o0.png Figure 2. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binds Heparin through the RBD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-modeling-of-the-sars-cov-2-spike-rbd-bl9hbvar.png Figure 1. Molecular Modeling of the SARS-Cov-2 Spike RBD Interaction with Heparin https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-detection-in-istanbul-wastewater-treatment-plant-1uk3du0faj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-primary-and-waste-sludge-sampling-wwtps-in-istanbul-d5qf3pge.png Figure 2. Primary and waste sludge sampling WWTPs in Istanbul https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sar-cov-2-levels-in-primary-and-waste-activated-1wk9i4qq.png Figure 1. SAR-CoV-2 Levels in primary and waste activated sludges of Istanbul WWTPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sars-cov-2-rt-qpcr-results-of-sludges-taken-from-112cvx46.png Table 1. SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR results of sludges taken from Istanbul WWTPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wwtp-flowrates-during-the-time-of-sludge-sampling-3ps3ol7n.png Table 2. WWTP flowrates during the time of sludge sampling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hrt-and-srt-values-of-the-wwtps-during-the-day-of-w4sumfjb.png Table 3. HRT and SRT values of the WWTPs during the day of sludge sampling https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-shedding-dynamics-across-the-respiratory-tract-1szivtgjxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-adult-and-pediatric-covid-19-310bjewr.png Table 1. Characteristics of adult and pediatric COVID-19 cases in the systematic dataset 638 https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-vaccination-uptake-in-a-correctional-setting-2nh4hcz8sm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sars-cov-2-vaccination-of-incarcerated-people-and-1i14350v.png Table 2. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination of Incarcerated People and Correctional Staff (Four-Month Follow-up) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-first-dose-sars-cov-2-vaccination-of-incarcerated-3gyenjt9.png Table 1. First-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination of Incarcerated People and Correctional Staff https://scispace.com/papers/sars-cov-2-variants-resist-antibody-neutralization-and-5dkq5dpfoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-susceptibility-of-sars-cov-2-variants-to-ouy6d6n5.png Figure 3. Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants to convalescent plasma 293 neutralization. Reciprocal plasma dilutions (ID50) against SARS-CoV-2 variants 294 were shown either by (A) colored dots or (B) colored curves, each of which represent 295 a different convalescent plasma. The geometric mean against each variant is indicated 296 by a back horizontal line in (A) and back curve (B). Plasma samples from mild and 297 severe patients are indicated by empty or solid circle in (A), and dashed or solid curve 298 in (B). The fold change in ID50 between mutant and WT D614G pseudoviruses are 299 shown by overall average at the top in (A) or individually in (C). The symbol “-” 300 indicates an increase in resistance while the symbol “+” indicates an increase in 301 sensitivity. In (C), red highlights indicate a minimum twofold increase in resistance; 302 blue a minimum twofold increase in sensitivity; and white a less than twofold change 303 in either resistance or sensitivity. BDL (Below Detection Limit) indicates the highest 304 concentration of plasma (1:60) failed to confer 50% neutralization. Standard plasma 305 was obtained from the NIBSC (code: 20/136). Results were calculated from three 306 independent experiments. *: P<0.05; and ****: P<0.0001. ns: not significant. 307 308 Lastly, the plasma standard (code: 20/136) obtained from the NIBSC (United Kingdom) 309 failed to neutralize UK501Y.V1 and SA501Y.V2 pseudoviruses, which correlates with 310 the loss of efficacy against the 242-244del pseudovirus (Fig. 3C). This suggests that 311 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-susceptibility-of-sars-cov-2-variants-to-mabs-11x4h7s5.png Figure 1. Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants to mAbs neutralization and 163 binding. Values indicate the fold changes in (A) half-maximal inhibitory 164 concentrations (IC50) and (B) mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) relative to that of WT 165 D614G. The symbol “-” indicates increased resistance and “+” increased sensitivity. 166 Those IC50 or MFI values highlighted in red, resistance increased at least threefold; in 167 blue, sensitivity increased at least threefold; and in white, resistance or sensitivity 168 increased less than threefold. BDL (Below Detection Limit) indicates the highest 169 concentration of mAbs failed to reach 50% neutralization. Results were calculated from 170 three independent experiments. 171 172 Of note, neutralization activities of mAbs approved for EUA (REGN10933, 173 REGN10987 and CB6) or being studied for clinical use (P2C-1F11, BD368-2, S309, 174 and P2B-1G5) were variably affected for pseudoviruses carrying mutations identified 175 in the three variants and in the GISAID database (Fig. 1 and Fig. S3). The IC50 of 176 REGN10933 dropped 13.0- and 8.2- fold against SA501Y.V2 and BR501Y.V3, 177 respectively, largely due to the K417N/T and E484K mutations (Fig. 1A). Several 178 mutations within the REGN10933 epitope, such as Y453F and F486L, were also 179 associated with a substantial reduction in neutralization. N439K, located in the 180 REGN10987 epitope, showed a 26.6-fold reduction in IC50. The most dramatically 181 impacted mAb was CB6, one of the paired antibodies developed by Eli Lilly and 182 approved for EUA, for which the neutralization against SA501Y.V2 and BR501Y.V3 183 pseudoviruses was below detection limit (BDL) when the highest concentration 184 (1μg/mL) was used. The reduction and loss of neutralization are largely attributed to 185 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-basis-for-mab-neutralization-and-escape-1xgkvooa.png Figure 2. Structural basis for mAb neutralization and escape. (A) P2C-1F11/RBD-223 3M crystal structure superposed onto P2C-1F11/RBD crystal structure (PDB: 7CDI). 224 P2C-1F11 is colored with magenta and RBD is colored with cyan in the P2C-1F11/RBD 225 complex. The P2C-1F11 and RBD-3M are colored with red and blue respectively in the 226 P2C-1F11/RBD-3M complex. The three RBD-3M mutated residues (N417, K484, and 227 Y501) are shown as yellow-colored spheres. (B) Interactions with P2C-1F11 around 228 RBD-3M N417 and Y501 (left panel) and wildtype RBD K417 and N501 (right panel). 229 (C) Interactions between K417 and representative Class I IGHV3-53/3-66 antibodies 230 CB6, P5A-1D2, P22A-1D1 and CC12.1. (D) Interactions between E484 and Class II 231 antibodies BD368-2, P5A-1B9, P2B-2F6 and CV07-270. For panel (C) and (D), 232 antibodies are shown with different colors; hydrogen bond and salt bridge are 233 represented by dashed and black lines, respectively. CB6/RBD (PDB: 7C01), P5A-234 1D2/RBD (PDB: 7CHO), P22A-1D1/RBD (PDB: 7CHS), CC12.1/RBD (PDB: 6XC2), 235 BD368-2/RBD (PDB: 7CHC), P5A-1B9 (PDB: 7CZX), P2B-2F6 (PDB: 7BWJ), 236 CV07-270 (PDB:6XKP). 237 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-entry-efficiency-of-sars-cov-2-variants-into-hela-3siw6wht.png Figure 4. Entry efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 variants into HeLa cells expressing 338 ACE2 from diverse host species. The values show the fold changes in luciferase 339 activity for each indicated mutant pseudovirus variant compared to WT D614G. The 340 symbol “+” indicates an increase in entry efficiency, while “-” indicates a decrease. Red 341 highlights indicate at least threefold increase in efficiency; blue indicates at least 342 threefold decrease in efficiency, while white indicates no change greater than threefold. 343 Results were calculated from three independent experiments. 344 345 Interestingly, the single mutant E484K pseudovirus also enhanced the entry into both 346 HeLa mouse-ACE2 and HeLa mink-ACE2. Such enhancement was correlated only 347 with the E484K-bearing variant SA501Y.V2 and BR501Y.V3 but not with E484K-348 missing variant UK501Y.V1, suggesting the added and/or synergistic effect of E484K 349 with other mutant residues in facilitating entry into these two cell lines. Furthermore, 350 two single mutant pseudoviruses Y453F and F486L also substantially improved the 351 entry efficiency. The two very mutations have recently been found among the mink-352 associated SARS-CoV-2 circulating in mink farms in Denmark, suggesting their critical 353 role in adaptation and transmission among the mink population (53). Taken together, 354 these results indicate that the three variants, particularly SA501Y.V2, and BR501Y.V3, 355 acquired mutations in RBD that not only facilitate their escape from antibody 356 neutralization but also potentially expand their host range to mouse and mink. Active 357 surveillance of these variants in both human and relevant animal species would be 358 required to minimize potential cross-species transmission. 359 360 https://scispace.com/papers/saving-and-social-security-wealth-a-case-of-turkey-315kmx0upt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-augmented-dickey-fuller-adf-test-results-for-unit-3enq6uy2.png Table 4: Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test Results for Unit Roots https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-series-studies-2h3vs3ck.png Table 1: Time-Series Studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-aggregate-sswg-and-sstx-formulas-for-turkey-1untkjqo.png Figure 7: Aggregate SSWG and SSTX Formulas for Turkey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimation-results-with-sswg-2qo8ko8y.png Figure 1: Estimation Results with SSWG https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-wealth-in-financial-assets-housing-and-ssw-2ojiwdfm.png Table 3: Total Wealth in Financial Assets, Housing and SSW with NPrvDI https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-residual-based-cointegration-tests-30yv17ii.png Table 5: Residual-Based Cointegration Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimation-with-log-transformation-1g55ule8.png Figure 2: Estimation with Log Transformation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pension-and-income-2002-in-us-dollars-3cnfvqjs.png Table 2: Pension and Income (2002, in US Dollars) https://scispace.com/papers/scalability-of-finfets-and-unstrained-si-strained-si-fdsoi-4vqmadq4ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-profiles-along-the-channel-of-a-the-electron-sheet-imqbiumw.png Fig. 4: Profiles along the channel of (a) the electron sheet density obtained by integration of the density perpendicular to the Si/SiO2 interface and (b) the averaged electron velocity in the FinFET and the unstrained–Si FDSOI-MOSEFT according to Monte Carlo simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gate-length-dependence-of-the-on-current-ion-of-the-2wu6xpti.png Fig. 3: Gate length dependence of the on–current Ion of the FinFET as well as the unstrained–Si and strained-Si FDSOIMOSEFTs according to Monte Carlo and drift–diffusion simulations. The off– current Ioff is kept constant at 100 nA/µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-view-and-doping-profile-of-the-finfet-the-gate-22y38oc5.png Fig. 1: Top view and doping profile of the FinFET. The gate length LG is scaled from 50 to 10 nm, the silicon film thickness tSi is from 34.4 to 6.0 nm and the doping steepness from 5 to 1 nm/dec. The spacer length and the source/drain region length are reduced proportional to LG. The channel direction is in the standard 〈110〉 direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-the-fdsoi-mosfets-doping-profiles-and-2vjipyjw.png Fig. 2: Cross–section of the FDSOI– MOSFETs. Doping profiles and length scaling are the same as for the FinFET in Fig. 1 except for the silicon film thickness tSi which is scaled from 14.8 (14.2) to 2.7 (2.54) nm for an unstrained (strained) Si channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-profiles-along-the-channel-of-a-the-sheet-density-and-3nwad86x.png Fig. 5: Profiles along the channel of (a) the sheet density and (b) the averaged velocity in the unstrained–Si and the strained–Si FDSOI-MOSEFT according to Monte Carlo simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profiles-along-the-channel-of-a-the-sheet-density-and-lmy2g6r0.png Fig. 6: Profiles along the channel of (a) the sheet density and (b) the averaged velocity in the strained–Si FDSOIMOSEFT according to Monte Carlo and drift–diffusion simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-decision-support-for-digital-preservation-an-556wqk63gu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-context-awareness-2krerd6x.png Figure 20: Context awareness https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-c3po-scalability-test-machine-specifications-b8muczy1.png Table 1: C3PO scalability test machine specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-performance-of-c3po-import-process-using-fits-179pvkgb.png Figure 15: Performance of C3PO import process using FITS metadata (Reimer, et al. 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-evaluation-of-monitoring-compliance-24ntxxcm.png Figure 17: Evaluation of monitoring compliance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-loosely-coupled-preservation-ecosystems-1lsdnw6n.png Figure 22: Loosely-coupled preservation ecosystems https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-interoperability-of-components-wc49foms.png Table 4: Interoperability of components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-distribution-of-effort-across-activities-in-148nvvgo.png Figure 19: Distribution of effort across activities in preservation planning (Kulovits et al, 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-testing-the-limits-of-real-time-analytics-in-the-n28zoi4l.png Table 2 - Testing the limits of real-time analytics in the C3PO web application (Reimer, et al. 2013) https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-community-driven-data-sharing-in-e-science-grids-37ii6pzcnl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mapping-of-the-quadtree-of-figure-4-to-multiple-peers-1ya0zblt.png Fig. 6. Mapping of the quadtree of Figure 4 to multiple peers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hisbase-architecture-2qcrojwb.png Fig. 1. HiSbase architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-evolution-1d7d7joa.png Fig. 7. Histogram evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-astronomical-data-sets-19tgfmiu.png Table 1 Current astronomical data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-upcoming-e-science-data-sets-3ga2jh56.png Table 2 Upcoming e-science data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-hisbase-gui-2t15lpne.png Fig. 2. The HiSbase GUI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evaluation-data-sets-2fra1sbq.png Fig. 8. Evaluation data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-z-quadtree-regions-of-our-data-sample-middle-1oxfle78.png Fig. 4. Left: Z-quadtree regions of our data sample. Middle: Corresponding quadtree. Right: Leaf linearization. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-design-of-structured-controllers-using-chordal-2ztmcjgvye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hierarchical-systems-over-a-circular-tree-with-4-b4ezwt3y.png Fig. 6: Hierarchical systems over a circular tree with 4 layers and 3 branches. Each node has linear dynamics as in (33). The information flow is bottom-up but only dynamics of nodes in the upper layer have influence on those in the lower layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-time-in-seconds-that-algorithm-1-called-sedumi-and-qp30ys20.png Fig. 11: Time in seconds that Algorithm 1 (called SeDuMi and SparseCoLO+SeDuMi, respectively) and Algorithm 2 (called SeDuMi) need, in order to solve a general decentralized control design problem (the size of largest maximal clique is five in the extended graph Gex). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-algorithm-1-called-sedumi-and-sparsecolo-sedumi-1gl875x6.png Fig. 12: Algorithm 1 (called SeDuMi and SparseCoLO+SeDuMi, respectively) versus Algorithm 2 (called SeDuMi) for general systems with 100 nodes, when varying the size of the largest maximal clique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-exponential-decay-of-x-t-using-the-centralized-2xjksdxw.png Fig. 10: Exponential decay of ‖x(t)‖ using the centralized computation and the sequential computation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-in-seconds-that-algorithm-1-called-sedumi-and-2t9ijpjr.png Fig. 7: Time in seconds that Algorithm 1 (called SeDuMi and SparseCoLO+SeDuMi, respectively) and Algorithm 2 (called SeDuMi) need, in order to solve for the structured feedback gains over circular trees. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-fragile-watermarking-for-image-authentication-1h7zhuspag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-zoomed-view-of-the-original-image-b-the-aeroplane-3t1rcv5w.png Figure 1: (a) Zoomed view of the original image, (b) the aeroplane's text is modi ed to read "CHINA SOUTHERN" without changing the lowest resolution layer, (c) a copyright mark c© J. Citizen is inserted without changing the lowest quality layer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-attacked-image-and-tamper-detection-result-pairs-a-1e0fu3p8.png Figure 4: Attacked image and tamper detection result pairs: (a)&(b) wavelet attack of g. 1b on higher resolution layers, (c)&(d) wavelet attack of g. 1c on higher quality layers, (e)&(f) collage attack on plane text, (g)&(h) mark transfer to new image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-original-image-b-the-jpeg2000-compressed-g93jrnft.png Figure 3: (a) The original image, (b) the JPEG2000 compressed watermarked image, (c) resolution scaled, (d) quality scaled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outline-of-the-watermark-embedding-and-detection-31idfyh5.png Figure 2: Outline of the watermark embedding and detection algorithms Embed(I, sk,Λ) and Detect(I∗, sk,Λ), along with the subroutines Generate_Watermark(i) and Generate_Watermark_Bit(i, κ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-bit-error-rate-for-200-watermarked-images-ll69swe8.png Table 1: Average bit error rate for 200 watermarked images after di erent attacks and levels of resolution scaling https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-bit-error-rate-for-200-watermarked-images-1peajnlo.png Table 2: Average bit error rate for 200 watermarked images after di erent attacks and levels of quality scaling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-graceful-improvement-values-for-200-15c3uqnd.png Table 3: Average graceful improvement values for 200 watermarked images under resolution and quality scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-a-single-pixel-of-the-watermarked-image-is-modi-2aqkvo91.png Figure 5: (a) A single pixel of the watermarked image is modi ed in the wavelet domain, (b) zoomed view of the modi cation, (c) tamper detection result, (d) tamper detection result not including low resolution coe cients (e) single pixel modi cation in spatial domain and recompression, (f) tamper detection result https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-of-kinetic-instability-induced-fast-ion-losses-in-x8r7i2iqbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrogram-of-a-mirnov-coil-for-three-shots-showing-kvu6ce9k.png Fig. 1 Spectrogram of a Mirnov coil for three shots showing ‘low’ frequency fast ion driven instabilities, including Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmodes and various forms of Energetic Particle (chirping) Modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scaling-of-fast-ion-loss-fraction-with-amplitude-of-bi2bgdj8.png Fig. 7 Scaling of fast ion loss fraction with amplitude of EPM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-of-soft-x-ray-emissivity-fluctuations-for-g9vdhlil.png Fig. 4 Simulation of soft x-ray emissivity fluctuations for low frequency EPM. 2a) MSE/EFIT q-profile, 2b) trial eigenfunctions, 2c) simulated and measured soft x-ray chord integrated emissivity fluctuations https://scispace.com/papers/scale-invariant-contour-completion-using-conditional-random-2iys64zalm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-finding-potential-completions-a-an-object-may-3e1hj4rn.png Figure 1: Finding potential completions: (a) an object may appear at any scale in the visual field (b) a piecewise linear curve approximates the boundaries regardless of scale. (c) Constrained Delaunay Triangulationconnects the gaps and completes a scale-invariant representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-building-a-discrete-graph-a-we-recursively-split-a-248o3j3c.png Figure 2: Building a discrete graph.(a) we recursively split a line until the angleθ is below a threshold.(b) an illustration of the process: the input edge map, the linearization, and the Constrained Delaunay Triangulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pixel-based-precision-recall-evaluations-comparing-ww7bed8b.png Figure 8: Pixel-based precision-recall evaluations comparing the local classifier (PbL), global CRF (PbG) and rawPb. Both techniques improve boundary detection on all three datasets and the overall ordering of the curves is generally preserved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-precision-recall-curve-verifies-that-moving-1bgsvghc.png Figure 4: This Precision-Recall curve verifies that moving from pixels to the CDT completion doesn’t give up any boundaries found by the local measurement. For comparison, we show the upper-bound performance given by the training data on the CDT edges. The upper bound curve has a precision near1 even at high recall and achieves a greater asymptotic recall than the local boundary detector, indicating it is completing some gradientless gaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-the-cdt-triangulation-g-edges-gradient-1qlfucok.png Figure 3: Examples of the CDT triangulation.G-edges (gradient edges detected byPb) are in black andC-edges (completed by CDT) in green. Note how the CDT manages to complete gaps on the front legs of the elephant (highlighted on the inset at right). These gaps are commonly formed when an object contour passes in front of a background whose appearance (brightness/texture) is similar to that of the object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-example-results-on-the-three-data-sets-the-two-1basznys.png Figure 9: Example results on the three data sets. The two columns of edge maps show the local boundary detectorPb output and the CRF model respectively. The algorithms outputs have been thresholded at a level which yields 2000 boundary pixels for the baseball/BSDS images and 1000 pixels for the smaller horse images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-factor-graph-representing-our-conditional-3fw42i3p.png Figure 7: The factor graph representing our conditional random field model for global continuity. The CDT provides both the geometric and graphical structure for our model. Each edge in the CDT corresponds to a variableXe (represented by circles) which is1 if pixels corresponding to edge e constitute a true boundary. Potential functions (squares) consist of a singleton potential for each edge encodes the underlyingPb measurement and continuity/closure potentials at the vertices whose values are dependent on both the angles between incoming segments and the numbers of Cand G-edges entering a junction. https://scispace.com/papers/scanner-identification-with-extension-to-forgery-detection-5ciz1co0z2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-forged-image-4-1c2ppvtj.png Figure 12. Forged Image 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forgery-1-made-by-joining-two-versions-scanned-20y4ufuc.png Figure 4. Forgery 1: made by joining two versions (scanned using S4 and S5) of same image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-result-of-proposed-forgery-detection-algorithm-for-28tvbr9k.png Figure 5. Result of proposed forgery detection algorithm for Forgery 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flatbed-scanner-imaging-pipeline-hazmse3s.png Figure 1. Flatbed Scanner Imaging Pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-result-of-proposed-forgery-detection-algorithm-for-hfz44utv.png Figure 11. Result of proposed forgery detection algorithm for Forgery 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-result-of-proposed-forgery-detection-algorithm-for-3tgpatzq.png Figure 8. Result of proposed forgery detection algorithm for Forgery 2. Figure 9. Original Image 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-forged-image-3-3ald0a90.png Figure 10. Forged Image 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-result-of-proposed-forgery-detection-algorithm-for-9vrxegxw.png Figure 13. Result of proposed forgery detection algorithm for Forgery 4. https://scispace.com/papers/scape-safe-charging-with-adjustable-power-58rzil2s1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-overall-utility-vs-threshold-eey9o9jx.png Fig. 8. Overall Utility vs. Threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-utility-vs-emr-threshold-rt-0-0-5-1-1-5-2-2-5-4wtde9zl.png Fig. 14. Utility vs. EMR Threshold Rt 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-m-grid-3rtq96bq.png Fig. 7. Illustration of m-grid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-scape-workflow-38p4tlw8.png Fig. 1. Illustration of SCAPE workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-plane-discretization-tlp54stj.png Fig. 2. Illustration of plane discretization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-illustration-of-non-uniform-distributions-and-results-v4nztpfh.png Fig. 12. Illustration of non-uniform distributions and results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-an-example-of-constraint-reduction-42mjwa29.png Fig. 3. Illustration of an example of constraint reduction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-redundant-constraint-reduction-ef1a6v4k.png Fig. 4. Illustration of Redundant Constraint Reduction https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-transform-of-heart-rate-variability-for-the-5dnalmoj4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-auc-and-95-confidence-intervals-computed-from-5-20boq4g0.png Figure 3: AUC (and 95% confidence intervals computed from 5-fold cross-validation) for each feature individually, and for the S-SVM multivariate classification, for all patients (All), patients with (AT) and without (NoAT) antithrombotic treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-groups-and-p-values-3o2e4qfx.png Table 1: Definition of groups and p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-svm-classification-weights-w-for-all-patients-198yvbpf.png Figure 2: S-SVM classification: Weights w for all patients (left), and those with antithrombotic treatment (AT, middle) and without it (NoAT, right). For ease of comparison, AUC obtained by S-SVM is printed onto each plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coefficients-log-2-s1-j1-left-log2-s2-j1-4-j2-2n0uzdam.png Figure 1: Coefficients log 2 S1(j1) (left), log2 S2(j1 = 4, j2) (middle), and log2 S2(j1 = 10, j2) (right), as a function of log 2 j, for the RR time series of patients that did (red crosses) and did not (blue crosses) develop ischemic strokes (median and 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-of-flexural-waves-from-a-hole-in-a-thin-plate-41xlqklc0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-same-as-for-fig-2-except-that-the-neyrv13r.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The same as for Fig. 2 except that the nondimensional frequency is kpR ¼ 5p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-same-as-for-fig-2-except-that-the-31mxyfhr.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The same as for Fig. 2 except that the nondimensional frequency is kpR ¼ 2p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-absolute-value-of-the-displacement-field-4weji2zx.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Absolute value of the displacement field produced when a plane wave (hs ¼ 0) with a non-dimensional frequency kpR ¼ p impinges on the system for three different beam orientations hb ¼ 0 ; 45 ; 90 ½ . The left column panels shows the results obtained by the analytical simulator and the right column panels show the ones obtained from the commercial finite element simulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-scheme-of-the-boundary-conditions-1a6qmb6r.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Scheme of the boundary conditions, displacements (W, V), slopes (W0r , V 0 r), moments (Mr, Mx) and shear stresses (Vr, Qx), between the plate and the beam at the two anchor points W1 and W2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-scheme-of-the-direction-of-all-the-3slvvq87.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Scheme of the direction of all the moments and shear stresses defined by the Kirchhoff–Love plate theory. Notice that M0ij ¼ Mij þ @Mij=@xi dxi and Q 0 ij ¼ Qij þ @Qij=@xi dxi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-scheme-of-the-direction-of-all-the-1nriadum.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Scheme of the direction of all the moments and shear stresses defined by the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Notice that M0x ¼ Mx þ @Mx=@xð Þdx and Q0x ¼ Qx þ @Qx=@xð Þdx. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-3d-scheme-left-and-2d-scheme-right-of-a-32k4or3p.png FIG. 1. (Color online) 3D Scheme (left) and 2D scheme (right) of a thin plate with a hole (cylindrical boundary X) traversed by a beam (oriented at angle of hb) connected to the plate at two anchor points (Wi; i¼ 1, 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-far-field-produced-when-a-plane-wave-hs1-3oicbvu4.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Far-field produced when a plane wave (hs¼ 0) with non-dimensional frequencies ranging from kpR ¼ 0:5p to kpR ¼ 5p impinges a hole in a plate (a) and a hole with a crossing beam at three different orientations: hb ¼ 0 (b), hb ¼ 45 (c), and hb ¼ 90 (d). https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-in-heterogeneous-computing-environments-for-15mvltkjof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-this-table-shows-constants-of-our-linear-formulation-n33wcodq.png TABLE 1: This table shows constants of our linear formulation computed for continuous collision detection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-this-table-shows-the-average-portions-of-idle-time-3f7xr7ex.png TABLE 4: This table shows the average portions of idle time of computing resources in our LP-based method with/without hierarchical scheduling at Machine 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-this-figure-shows-the-performance-of-tested-scheduling-urpgpg6q.png Fig. 7: This figure shows the performance of tested scheduling approaches on a near-homogeneous computing system consisting of two hexa-core CPUs and four identical GPUs (Machine 3 in Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-figure-shows-five-different-benchmarks-whose-3i6rrcd6.png Fig. 1: This figure shows five different benchmarks, whose proximity queries are parallelized by using CPUs and GPUs within our hybrid parallel framework. Different computations of these queries are automatically distributed by our LPbased scheduler without any parameter tuning. Compared to using a hexa-core CPU with six CPU threads, our method achieves one order of magnitude performance improvement by using two hexa-core CPUs and four different GPUs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-this-table-shows-the-average-number-of-iterations-in-1zjzp65p.png TABLE 2: This table shows the average number of iterations in the refinement step and the average time of an iteration. We also compare the quality of the iteratively refined solution (makespan, Lfin) with the initial solution (Linit) computed from initial assignment step. In this analysis, for each configuration of |R|, we run our algorithm for five hundred of randomly generated job sets with the constants in Table 1. We add four different GPUs to two hexa-core CPUs one by one as |R| is increased. To focus more on showing benefits of our iterative solver, we turn off the timeout condition in the refinement step in this experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-upper-table-shows-three-different-machine-glmexgdv.png TABLE 3: The upper table shows three different machine configurations we use for various tests. The quad-core CPU is Intel i7 (3.2GHz) chip and each hexa-core CPU is Intel Xeon (2.93GHz) chip. The bottom table shows the throughput of each computing resource for the tested benchmarks (Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-this-figure-shows-observed-processing-time-of-two-vrxf80ec.png Fig. 3: This figure shows observed processing time of two different job types on five different computing resources as a function of the number of jobs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-our-hybrid-parallel-framework-1o8g820h.png Fig. 2: Overview of our hybrid parallel framework https://scispace.com/papers/schooling-numeracy-and-wealth-accumulation-a-study-involving-475b3iq9wv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-the-effect-of-formal-education-qfg005fq.png FIGURE 1 Conceptual model of the effect of formal education on wealth and the mediation of this effect by increased cognitive abilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-all-measures-included-in-23rhmw6t.png TABLE 4 Descriptive statistics for all measures included in the analysis (N = 218) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-response-patterns-for-two-numeracy-items-frequencies-2u48bc69.png TABLE 3 Response patterns for two numeracy items, frequencies of occurrence and corresponding numeracy score https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-percentage-of-correct-responses-to-the-numeracy-3k4t04c7.png TABLE A.1 Percentage of correct responses to the numeracy items and parameters estimated with IRT models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-demographics-n-218-2qt7dtyl.png TABLE 1 Sample demographics (N = 218) https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-shows-the-results-of-a-set-of-three-regression-3f8xzp1t.png Table C.1 shows the results of a set of three regression analyses modeling wealth. Model 1 (that included only numeracy, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence) revealed that higher scores on all three variables were significant predictors of greater wealth (bNumeracy = 0.40, SD = 0.10, t = 4.10, p < .001; bFluidI = 0.05, SD = 0.02, t = 1.99, p = 0.048; bCrystallizedI = 0.02, SD = 0.01, t = 4.54, p < .001). In Model 2, six control variables were included. Living in a small town as opposed to a rural area, speaking Spanish as opposed to Quechua, and being married or cohabiting as opposed to being single were all associated with higher wealth after controlling for numeracy, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence. Again, all three variables were significant predictors of greater wealth (bNumeracy = 0.27, SD = 0.08, t = 3.34, p = 0.001; bFluidI = 0.05, SD = 0.02, t = 2.40, p = 0.017; bCrystallizedI = 0.01, SD = 0.005, t = 2.55, p < 0.012) after controlling for these demographic controls. In Model 3, education (i.e., years of schooling) was included as a predictor. Of the three original measures, only numeracy remained a significant predictor of wealth after controlling for education (bNumeracy = 0.18, SD = 0.08, t = 2.26, p = 0.025; bFluidI = 0.02, SD = 0.02, t = 0.86, p = 0.392; bCrystallizedI = 0.002, SD = 0.005, t = 0.55, p = 0.585). Next, one additional model (Model 4) controlling for whether the respondent was the head of the household showed no significant differences with Model 3. Finally, an https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-response-patterns-for-two-numeracy-items-3798cx4w.png TABLE A.2 Response patterns for two numeracy items, frequencies of occurrence, and corresponding numeracy score https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-loadings-and-prevalence-of-assets-included-in-2726bl1i.png TABLE 2 Factor loadings and prevalence of assets included in the wealth index https://scispace.com/papers/schottky-barrier-and-contact-resistance-at-a-niobium-silicon-2z8c2jhqme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-they-have-good-linearity-over-two-to-three-orders-of-35ijidtc.png Fig. 1. They have good linearity over two to three orders of magnitude, with ideality factor 1.07. Uniformity over the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-aging-for-a-nonsp-ttercd-and-b-sputtered-22qe1oea.png FIG. 3. Effect of aging for (a) nonsp"ttercd and (b) sputtered contacts. Solid curves: measured within two days after fabrication. Dashed curves: after six weeks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-i-v-curve-for-a-sputtered-dashed-curve-3k2lewtj.png FIG. 2. Comparison of I-V curve for a sputtered (dashed curve) and a nonsputtered sample (solid curve). https://scispace.com/papers/schwarzschild-geometry-counterpart-in-semiclassical-gravity-4xr7exn23b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-r1-and-r2-cyan-and-blue-curves-respectively-1xojg9sl.png FIG. 1. Plot of R1 and R2 (cyan and blue curves, respectively) and the unphysical exact solutions, with ψþ being the orange dashed curve and ψ− being the red dashed curve for α ¼ 1.01. The black curve corresponds to a numerical solution with rB ¼ 0.06. The numerical solution intersects R1 at r ≈ 0.13, reaching a maximum, and then decreases, remaining confined between R1 and ψþ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-penrose-diagram-corresponding-to-a-singular-wormhole-2xs0ncas.png FIG. 4. Penrose diagram corresponding to a singular wormhole solution. The vertical dashed line denotes the location of the wormhole neck. To its right, the asymptotically flat portion of spacetime is depicted alongside its asymptotic regions. The lefthand side of the diagram shows the internal past and future null singularities, which are located at finite proper distance from the neck lB − lS. The point i0L is singular as well, and is reached in finite proper time by spacelike geodesics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-plot-of-the-deviation-rb-2m-in-terms-of-the-zqaefhnh.png FIG. 3. Numerical plot of the deviation rB − 2M in terms of the asymptotic mass of the geometry for a range of masses between 10−2 and 60. The difference rB − 2M reaches a maximum as we approach small values of M, while in the M → 0 limit rB goes to 0. For larger masses, this quantity is seen to decrease with the mass. https://scispace.com/papers/screening-and-selection-of-novel-animal-probiotics-isolated-2x3x1v2hj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-adhesion-invasion-rates-and-cytotoxicity-of-bacillus-3idb2l44.png Table 5 Adhesion, invasion rates and cytotoxicity of Bacillus isolates against HT-29 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-microorganisms-used-in-the-present-study-all-strains-25nkg7rz.png Table 1 Microorganisms used in the present study; all strains were obtained from RSHM (Refik Saydam National Type Culture Collection Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-minimum-inhibitory-concentrations-mic-of-select-196n3chh.png Table 4 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of select antibiotics against isolates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-image-of-plasmid-profile-3pj6mw1c.png Fig. 1 Agarose gel electrophoresis image of plasmid profile of isolates. a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent STF4 (Paenibacillus xylanexedens), STF8 (Bacillus subtilis), STF9 (Bacillus subtilis), STF10 (Bacillus licheniformis), STF15 (Bacillus pumilus), STF25 (Bacillus licheniformis), and STF26 (Bacillus pumilus), respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inhibitory-activity-of-isolates-as-inferred-by-f8btj2qg.png Table 2 Inhibitory activity of isolates as inferred by diameters of inhibition zones https://scispace.com/papers/screening-for-ascochyta-blight-resistance-in-chickpea-under-2lye13h5ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reactioii-ot-21-chickpea-l-ncs-to-ascochyta-hlight-1ohpruhp.png Table I. Reactioii ot 21 chickpea l~ncs to Ascochyta hlight In the Ascochyta blight nursery (ABN) at HI^ and in the plant growth room at ICRISAT Asia Center, I'atancheru d u r ~ n r 1990 91" https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plant-growth-chamber-at-icrisat-asia-ccnlcr-patanchcru-3qnytcst.png Fig. 1. Plant growth chamber at ICRISAT Asia Ccnlcr, Patanchcru, India. All dimens~ons are in centimeters. https://scispace.com/papers/seamless-collaborative-learning-method-to-learn-business-1bt2uzdlgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-login-interface-of-scroll-left-and-scroll-top-page-2ys6ackp.png Fig. 1. Login interface of SCROLL(left) and SCROLL top page(right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-incircle-chat-room-interface-on-mobile-1nll1o6a.png Fig. 6. InCircle chat room interface on mobile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-ebook-viewer-interface-and-its-functions-mh1awetp.png Figure 3 shows the eBook viewer interface and its functions. When a learner clicks the highlight button, he/she can highlight the word. he/she can find the page number corresponding to the target word in the e-book by clicking the search button. When a learner clicks the memo button on the digital textbook viewer system, he/she can write a description concerning the target words. In order to facilitate memorization of the target words, the masking function was implemented. When they read the content for the first time, the target terms were masked and by clicking them, the words appear (Figure 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-result-of-pre-and-post-test-1dwig51q.png Table 1. The result of Pre- and Post-test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-between-ebook-learning-and-blog-learning-379limwo.png Fig. 10. Comparison between eBook learning and Blog learning in terms of the means of Pre- and Post tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-students-impressionos-of-incircle-kzvx2zbx.png Table 6. The students' impressionos of InCircle https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-results-of-the-5-point-scale-questionnaire-2lthv22d.png Table 5. The results of the 5-point-scale questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-incircle-system-configuration-275gnb9k.png Fig. 5. InCircle system configuration https://scispace.com/papers/screening-of-potential-uranium-protein-targets-in-fish-3qz3fkydok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relashionship-between-u-and-p-in-each-defined-sec-1wchf9av.png Figure 4. Relashionship between U% and P% in each defined SEC fraction for zebrafish (left panels) and for roach samples (right panels); data coming from autochthonous or caged roaches are identified in each panel. A, B, C, D are the corresponding panels for Fraction F1/F1', F2/F2', F3/F3', F4/F4', respectively. Indicative molecular weight ranges are given for each fraction. https://scispace.com/papers/search-based-optimization-of-requirements-interaction-39lxzq62hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-and-and-or-dependencies-ralic-data-set-pointp-30kfum06.png Figure 9: And and Or dependencies, RALIC Data Set – PointP, Repair Method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-and-dependency-data-set-a-nsga-ii-3o2hj1ob.png Figure 1: And dependency, data set A, NSGA-II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-or-dependency-data-set-a-nsga-ii-f53l8fcn.png Figure 2: Or dependency, data set A, NSGA-II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-and-or-and-precedence-dependencies-data-set-a-nsga-r1b5hv1m.png Figure 8: And, Or and Precedence dependencies, data set A, NSGA-II and Archive based NSGA-II https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-cpu-time-of-data-sets-yugirt50.png Table 5: Average CPU Time of Data Sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-27-combination-random-data-sets-1908d2rl.png Table 1: 27 combination random data sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scale-range-of-27-random-data-set-3fep5xzq.png Table 2: scale range of ‘27-random’ data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scale-of-a-b-c-and-d-data-sets-exploration-of-the-2bzyh2vg.png Table 3: Scale of A, B, C and D data sets: exploration of the configuration space for RIM https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-a-heavy-neutrino-and-right-handed-w-of-the-left-2t6hnga233 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-95-confidence-level-excluded-mwr-mn-region-for-32hnq5en.png Figure 1: The 95% confidence level excluded (MWR ,MN` ) region for the electron (left) and muon (right) channels. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-human-competitive-results-in-open-ended-automated-6rheecnct1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-system-response-to-a-unit-step-input-rp4f1iuv.png Figure 4. System response to a unit step input. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intuitive-physical-design-realization-of-the-357tl5aw.png Figure 3. Intuitive physical design realization of the evolved Bond-Graph model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-final-simplified-bond-graph-model-rdhd2gtn.png Figure 2. The final simplified Bond-Graph model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-1czhv9qt.png Table 1. Summary of results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-embryo-bond-graph-model-with-modifiable-site-at-2n9tdg3j.png Figure 1. The embryo Bond-Graph model with modifiable site at the zero junction highlighted by dashed oval marking. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-gamma-ray-bursts-with-the-argo-ybj-detector-in-3bgttroi2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grbs-with-measured-redshift-observed-by-argo-ybj-wtix2fhj.png Table 1 GRBs with Measured Redshift Observed by ARGO-YBJ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-significances-of-grbs-stacked-in-time-for-durations-36ubm06g.png Figure 4. Significances of GRBs stacked in time for durations between 0.5 and 200 s after the low-energy trigger time T0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-significances-of-grbs-with-duration-dt90-5s-stacked-3lqgqae9.png Figure 5. Significances of GRBs with duration Δt90 5s stacked in phase (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-distribution-of-the-normalized-e9m4iyxq.png Figure 1. Experimental distribution of the normalized excesses of signal over background for GRB060121. Top: C1 channel for a typical cluster compared with a Gaussian fit; bottom: sum of the 100 active clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grbs-with-no-redshift-z-1-is-assumed-observed-by-1bgt5ksm.png Table 2 GRBs with no Redshift (z = 1 is assumed) Observed by ARGO-YBJ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cutoff-energy-upper-limits-as-a-function-of-the-z9v33jgr.png Figure 3. Cutoff energy upper limits as a function of the spectral index obtained by extrapolating the measured keV spectra. The values represented by the triangles are obtained taking into account extragalactic absorption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-statistical-significances-of-38zcwmfg.png Figure 2. Distribution of the statistical significances of the 62 GRBs with respect to background fluctuations, compared with a Gaussian fit. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-neutral-and-charged-higgs-bosons-in-e-e-2dootqte7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-the-h-channel-e-ect-of-the-selections-at-1lkm8h5j.png Table 5: Analysis of the h + channel: e ect of the selections at p s = 161 GeV andp s = 172 GeV on data, simulated backgrounds and simulated signal events with mh = 60 GeV/c2 at 161 GeV and mh = 70 GeV/c 2 at 172 GeV. E ciencies are given for the signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-35-expected-background-uncertainty-on-it-integrated-mta8alwu.png Table 35: Expected background, uncertainty on it, integrated luminosity, number of observed events and signal expectation at 65 GeV/c2 in all channels analysed in the hZ search at p s = 161 GeV and p s = 172 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-36-expected-background-uncertainty-on-it-integrated-3lzb1uj6.png Table 36: Expected background, uncertainty on it, integrated luminosity, number of observed events and signal expectation at 65 GeV/c2 in all channels analysed in the hA search at p s = 161 GeV and p s = 172 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-26-e-ciency-of-the-higgs-boson-selection-in-the-hq-q-24gsuzzj.png Table 26: E ciency of the Higgs boson selection in the hq q channel at p s = 161 GeV and p s = 172 GeV, as a function of the particle mass. The rst uncertainty quoted is statistical, the second is systematic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-h-channel-distribution-of-the-reconstructed-mass-of-1kn81izb.png Figure 7: h channel: distribution of the reconstructed mass of the Higgs boson at the end of the analysis at p s = 161 GeV. The Higgs boson is assumed to recoil against an on-shell Z. The upper plot shows the distribution of the simulated background. The arrow indicates the mass of the selected event and the transverse error bar the uncertainty on the measurement. The bottom plots are the distributions of simulated signal events with masses of 60, 65 and 70 GeV/c2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-selection-of-four-jet-events-e-ect-of-the-3dd4hq15.png Table 23: Selection of four-jet events: e ect of the selections at p s = 161 GeV andp s = 172 GeV on data, simulated backgrounds and simulated hq q signal events with mh = 60 GeV/c2 at 161 GeV and mh = 70 GeV/c 2 at 172 GeV. E ciencies are given for the signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-h-channel-probabilistic-analysis-graphic-2zk5onlo.png Figure 8: h channel, probabilistic analysis: graphic reconstruction of the secondary vertex found in the selected event. The errors on impact parameters are shown in the x-y projection as transverse bars. The four tracks which are consistent with a secondary vertex in the three projections are indicated by broader lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-analysis-of-the-he-e-channel-e-ect-of-the-selections-2gp9ots2.png Table 7: Analysis of the he+e channel: e ect of the selections at p s = 161 GeV and p s = 172 GeV on data, simulated backgrounds and simulated signal events with mh = 60 GeV/c 2 at 161 GeV and mh = 70 GeV/c 2 at 172 GeV. E ciencies are given for the signal. https://scispace.com/papers/search-times-with-arbitrary-detection-constraints-3dqo06nrub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-mdt-for-the-sasm-in-top-two-and-bottom-tc6s1ff7.png FIG. 6. (Color online) MDT for the SaSM in (top) two and (bottom) three dimensions with lf = 0.5a. We show the results for the MDT (solid line) compared to Monte Carlo simulations (symbols) obtained after averaging over 104 realizations of the random walk process. The separate analytical values for 〈T1〉 (dashed lines) and 〈T2〉 (dotted lines) are also presented for a complete comparison. Different values for the number of homogeneously distributed targets N have been used (see legends) while keeping the target density constant to reach a proper comparison. In all cases we have chosen a = 0.5, ϕ(t) = δ(t − 1), h(v) = 1〈v〉 e−v/〈v〉, and (r) = (a − r). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-general-representation-of-the-nonperfect-20vkkae4.png FIG. 1. (Color online) General representation of the nonperfect detection problem, with a random searcher moving in a domain of size L and trying to detect point targets (represented with small dark circles) with an effective detection distance a. The searcher is assumed to perform consecutive flights of random duration τi and random speed vi . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-definition-of-the-asymptotic-state-q-so-that-er2fleh8.png FIG. 2. Schematic definition of the asymptotic state q∞ so that q(t |r0) ≡ q∞ + q∗(t |r0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-mdt-for-the-sasm-in-top-two-and-bottom-lf3ml2y0.png FIG. 7. (Color online) MDT for the SaSM in (top) two and (bottom) three dimensions with lf = 0.5a. We show the results for the MDT (solid line) compared to Monte Carlo simulations (symbols) obtained after averaging over 104 realizations of the random walk process. The separate analytical values for 〈T1〉 (dashed lines) and 〈T2〉 (dotted lines) are also presented for a complete comparison. Different values for the number of homogeneously distributed targets N have been used (see legends) while keeping the target density constant to reach a proper comparison. In all cases we have chosen a = 0.5, ϕ(t) = δ(t − 1), h(v) = 1〈v〉e−v/〈v〉, and (r) = (a − r). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-schematic-description-of-the-cases-of-2fvtk4ys.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Schematic description of the cases of cross-limiting, surface-limiting, and volume-limiting detection. The dotted line represents the searcher trajectory, and the star is used to indicate the point at which detection will presumably occur. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-mdt-for-the-ssm-in-top-two-and-bottom-2f4zbse5.png FIG. 4. (Color online) MDT for the SSM in (top) two and (bottom) three dimensions with lf = 0.5a. We show the results for the MDT (solid line) compared to Monte Carlo simulations (symbols) obtained after averaging over 104 realizations of the random walk process. The separate analytical values for 〈T1〉 (dashed lines) and 〈T2〉 (dotted lines) are also presented for a complete comparison. Different values for the number of homogeneously distributed targets N have been used (see legends) while keeping the target density constant to reach a proper comparison. In all cases we have chosen a = 0.5, ϕ(t) = δ(t − 1), h(v) = 1〈v〉e−v/〈v〉, and (v) = (〈v〉 − v). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-mdt-for-the-ssm-in-top-two-and-bottom-3dkspj58.png FIG. 5. (Color online) MDT for the SSM in (top) two and (bottom) three dimensions with lf = 4a. We show the results for the MDT (solid line) compared to Monte Carlo simulations (symbols) obtained after averaging over 104 realizations of the random walk process. The separate analytical values for 〈T1〉 (dashed lines) and 〈T2〉 (dotted lines) are also presented for a complete comparison. Different values for the number of homogeneously distributed targets N have been used (see legends) while keeping the target density constant to reach a proper comparison. In all cases we have chosen a = 0.5, ϕ(t) = δ(t − 1), h(v) = 1〈v〉e−v/〈v〉, and (v) = (〈v〉 − v). https://scispace.com/papers/searching-optimal-parallel-plans-a-filtering-and-35b0zjwu7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cpu-times-on-a-series-of-selected-problems-times-in-knpxwbpg.png Figure 1: CPU times on a series of selected problems (times in seconds) https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-changes-in-the-vertical-distribution-and-community-s3upsu0tu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seasonal-comparison-of-proportional-densities-of-8-1h06xgzj.png Fig. 4. Seasonal comparison of proportional densities of 8 abundant species in the surface layer (0–2 m) relative to the epipelagic layer (0–200 m). The horizontal bars in the box plots indicate median proportional densities. The upper and lower edges of the ‘box’ (the ‘hinges’) denote the approximate 1st and 3rd quartiles, respectively. The vertical error bars extend to the lowest and highest data value inside a range of 1.5 times the inter-quartile range, respectively (R-Development-Core-Team, 2008). Extreme values were not shown. Kruskal–Wallis significance of differences in proportional density among seasons: npo0.05; nn po0.01; nnn po0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-the-overall-mean-density-of-species-1q81jb1e.png Table 2 Percentage of the overall mean density of species with an average density Z1 ind. 1000 m 3 in summer (2007/2008), autumn (2004) and winter (2006). Summary rows show overall average densities of individuals and species richness. n¼Number of hauls; –¼not present. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-epipelagic-layer-0-200-m-summary-statistics-of-21bsjcpd.png Table 4 Epipelagic layer (0–200 m). Summary statistics of environmental parameters that best correlated with differences in species composition among sampling localities in summer (2007/2008), autumn (2004) and winter (2006). MLD¼mixed layer depth; axis 1, 2¼NMDS ordination axes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-surface-layer-0-2-m-summary-statistics-of-298kei9u.png Table 3 Surface layer (0–2 m). Summary statistics of environmental parameters that best correlated with differences in species composition among sampling localities in summer (2007/2008), autumn (2004) and winter (2006). MLD¼mixed layer depth; axis 1, 2¼NMDS ordination axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cluster-dendrogram-of-the-species-composition-of-all-c8qvx33g.png Fig. 2. Cluster dendrogram of the species composition of all samples taken in the surface layer (0–2 m), the epipelagic layer (0–200 m), and the deep layer (summer samples: 500–2500 m). The dendrogram was based on a Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix and constructed using average linkage. Samples were marked according to sampling season. Samples from different depth layers were contrasted from each other by grey/white shading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-locations-on-the-lakris-grid-and-ice-coverage-3nsmr33u.png Fig. 1. Sampling locations on the LAKRIS grid and ice coverage in (a) summer (2007/2008), (b) autumn (2004), and (c) winter (2006). Minimum and maximum sea ice extents during the sampling period are indicated by approximate 15% ice cover derived from satellite data. The entire survey area was covered by pack-ice in winter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-diel-comparison-of-the-median-densities-of-abundant-t28zz9rg.png Table 5 Diel comparison of the median densities of abundant species (n 1000 m 3) in the epipelagic layer (0–200 m) in summer (2007/2008), autumn (2004) and winter (2006). Statistically significant (Kruskal–Wallis test po0.05) differences between daytime and night-time densities were highlighted in bold print. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vectors-of-significant-linear-correlation-of-2qgejdm5.png Fig. 3. Vectors of significant linear correlation of environmental parameters with NMDS ordination of samples in (a–c) the surface layer (0–2 m) and (d–f) the epipelagic layer (0–200 m) in (a and d) summer, (b and e) autumn and (c and f) winter. Gradients of environmental parameters with significant linear correlations with the NMDS ordination (po0.05) were indicated by vectors pointing into the direction of increasing values. Sampling locations in the NMDS ordinations were marked according to the sampling season and ice coverage (∇/▼¼summer; ○/●¼autumn; Δ¼winter; white symbols¼ ice-covered; black symbols¼open water). https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-patterns-of-prolactin-and-corticosterone-secretion-390w3lofzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1bh8wwv0.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-9x12f95t.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1rj8rcye.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-variations-of-leaf-area-index-of-agricultural-3zwemul4i3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-range-of-values-and-number-of-values-inside-this-zh1dw0tr.png Table 5. Range of values and number of values inside this range (i) that have been used in the Landsat Look Up Table generation for each crop for dates others than June the 29th,, July the 8th and July the 15th. a) Applied from March the 10th to May the 29th.b) Applied from June the 29th to September the 17th. (1) Viña et al. 2004 ; (2) Fang et al., 2003 ; (3) Fang and Liang, 2003 ; (4), Qin et al., 2002 ; (5), España et al., 1999 ; (6) Verhoef et al., 2003 ; (7) Andrieu et al., 1997 ; (8) Kneubühler, 2002 ; (9) Combal et al, 2002(a), (10) Confalonieri et al, 2004 ; (11) Koetz et al., 2005 ; (12) Combal et al, 2002(b), (13) Duke and Guérif, 1998, (14) Weiss et al., 1999, (15) Fourty, 1996. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-retrieved-lai-for-a-garlic-field-phenological-264bmdul.png Figure 10. Retrieved LAI for a garlic field. Phenological observations for this field are indicated on top: D stands for development, BG for bulb growing and R for Ripening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-land-use-map-of-the-study-area-classes-12-to-21-are-3rrt3r5h.png Figure 2. Land use map of the study area. Classes 12 to 21 are local refinements of classes 2 to 7. The black rectangle corresponds to Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-soil-spectrum-reflectance-and-standard-3w4op0zg.png Table 6. Average soil spectrum reflectance and standard deviation in the image of July the 15th and the HyMAP soil spectrum used in the LUTs filtered to the LANDSAT bands for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-retrieved-lai-for-two-potato-fields-p2-and-p3-with-3mptj1ff.png Figure 5. Retrieved LAI for two potato fields (P2 and P3) with different calendar. Phenological observations are indicated on top. P2 has a longer cycle than P3: emergence is earlier and harvest is later than for P2. E stands for Emergence, VD for Vegetation Development, F for Flowering, PG for Potato Growing, R for Ripening an H for Harvest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-retrieved-lai-for-a-papaver-field-phenology-for-hal32gqk.png Figure 9. Retrieved LAI for a papaver field. Phenology for papaver in the region is indicated on top: D stands for development, RE for reproduction and R for Ripening. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-retrieved-lai-for-two-corn-fields-c2-and-c7-the-q3vtgwtv.png Figure 8. Retrieved LAI for two corn fields (C2 and C7). The average phenology of corn in the region is indicated on top: D stands for Development, RE for Reproduction and R for Ripening. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-values-of-the-leaf-dry-191miaj2.png Table 1. Mean and standard deviation values of the Leaf Dry Matter (DM), Leaf Water Content (WC), Chlorophyll content (CC) and Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FVC) measured during the field campaigns for each crop. Data correspond to the SPARC-2003 campaign except for sunflower and vine that were measured in SPARC-2004 campaign. Chlorophyll content and FVC of alfalfa fields was assigned the same as it was measured only once. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-distribution-modeling-and-mapping-of-the-effective-btgae6ec84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-gaussian-curvefitting-estimate-bethlehem-august-tt5rsg6g.png Figure 27. Gaussian curvefitting estimate, Bethlehem, August, 200 m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-59-may-kriging-spherical-semivariogram-model-median-pgnlkx6y.png Figure 59. May kriging spherical semivariogram model median kfactor contours for South Africa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gaussian-curvefitting-estimate-bloemfontein-2iw3vzp2.png Figure 4. Gaussian curvefitting estimate, Bloemfontein, November, 200 m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gaussian-curve-fitting-estimate-cape-town-february-1ucuufzn.png Figure 5. Gaussian curve-fitting estimate, Cape Town, February, 200m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gaussian-curve-fitting-estimate-cape-town-november-1gtnrw9h.png Figure 8. Gaussian curve-fitting estimate, Cape Town, November, 200m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gaussian-curve-fitting-estimate-bloemfontein-august-30tfims4.png Figure 3. Gaussian curve-fitting estimate, Bloemfontein, August, 200m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gaussian-curve-fitting-estimate-cape-town-may-200-m-mtys2mk3.png Figure 6. Gaussian curve-fitting estimate, Cape Town, May, 200 m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gaussian-curve-fitting-estimate-cape-town-august-12n384am.png Figure 7. Gaussian curve-fitting estimate, Cape Town, August, 200m a.g.l. https://scispace.com/papers/seasonality-effects-over-the-ecological-aquaculture-of-the-5bv53s8565 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-foraging-rate-food-selectivity-index-fr-by-fish-age-3tle7jy1.png Table 4 Foraging rate food selectivity index (FR) by fish age for the three trials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simper-results-when-cage-zooplankton-abundance-is-162v1adu.png Table 3 SIMPER results when cage zooplankton abundance is compared with the zooplankton ingested https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cage-zooplankton-abundance-and-biomass-for-each-3kptyg7r.png Fig. 6. Cage zooplankton abundance and biomass for each experiment, by zooplankton size class (columns at the left, x and y axis, respectively). Diet compositions are expressed as percentual abundance by size class (columns at the right). Differences in the three trials (ANOSIM, p b 0.05) were observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-position-of-la-salada-de-monasterio-lake-3taa1dxl.png Fig. 1. Geographical position of “La Salada de Monasterio” Lake in Ar https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-specific-growth-rates-in-length-andweight-sgrl-txmx0x72.png Table 5 Mean specific growth rates in length andweight (SGRL, cmday−1 and SGRW, g day−1, respectively), survival rate (%) and final biomass (g) for each cage and experiment. Significant differences (p b 0.05) among cages are indicated in superscript letters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-growth-in-length-cm-and-weight-g-and-standard-24v4vfbg.png Fig. 7. Average growth in length (cm) and weight (g) and standard deviations of pejerrey reared in cages for each age of fish (days) corresponding with each sampling date. Significant differences between trials are indicated with asterisks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-chemical-parameters-mean-values-2j59e79d.png Table 1 Physical and chemical parameters: mean values obtained during the three trials on every sampling date. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pair-wise-comparisons-of-lake-zooplankton-abundance-225j8u6m.png Table 2 Pair-wise comparisons of lake zooplankton abundance among trials (T1, T2 and T3) (SIMPER). https://scispace.com/papers/second-order-multiple-quanta-flux-entry-into-a-perforated-403w0zks27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-sequence-of-vortex-state-transitions-in-1pchvsi9.png FIG. 8. Color online A sequence of vortex-state transitions in the ground state, with indication of the order of the phase transitions open/colored arrows—first/second order , for different radii of the sample and fixed size of the central hole Rh=1.0 . The images are arranged top to bottom in increasing applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-a-the-evolution-of-the-upper-critical-3uk93i2l.png FIG. 9. Color online a The evolution of the upper critical field Hcr of a spherical sample of radius R as a function of the size of the central hole Rh, for samples of three different outer radii. b Idem. for a cylindrical sample of the same volume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-saturation-vorticity-of-the-hole-with-2uhdlskq.png FIG. 1. Color online The saturation vorticity of the hole with radius Rh, in a a cylinder and b a sphere of radius R and of same volume as the cylinder . c The maximal possible vorticity of the sample in b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-the-cooper-pair-density-and-phase-1xayqwc0.png FIG. 3. Color online a The Cooper-pair density and phase contourplots of the L=3, L=7, and L=4 states, labeled as A, B, and C, respectively in Fig. 2. b The radial Cooper-pair density profile prior to destruction of superconductivity in two spheres with radius 4.0 but with different radii of the holes cf. Fig. 1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-free-energy-landscape-and-stable-3rbsagky.png FIG. 2. Color online The free-energy landscape and stable vortex states as a function of the axially applied magnetic field, in a a perforated cylinder, compared to b a superconducting sphere with a hole. In b , the dashed curves show the higher energy of L=5 and L=6 states, which were not found stable but were artificially constructed by the expansion method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-free-energy-of-the-l-3-and-l-4-states-2hgpgvze.png FIG. 4. Color online The free energy of the L=3 and L=4 states and the saddle state between them cf. Fig. 2 . In inset, the sequence of saddle points is shown through the Cooper-pair density plots at the equatorial belt of the sample, at different magnetic fields. This sequence shows the penetration of one vortex into the superconductor from outer boundary, finally residing inside the perforation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-the-energy-barriers-between-different-2sesox4v.png FIG. 5. Color online a The energy barriers between different vortex states from Fig. 2 with vorticity L 3 , corresponding to a Nb sample with R=126 nm and Rh=44.2 nm at T=8.1 K, scaled to thermal energy kBT. b The energy barrier at high fields, between the vortex state with L=4 and the one with L=3 and a normal equatorial belt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-calculated-current-density-at-the-a-3693t71t.png FIG. 6. Color online The calculated current density at the a inner and b outer boundaries of a perforated cylinder, plotted as a function of the applied magnetic field corresponding to Fig. 2 . https://scispace.com/papers/seasonally-varying-impact-of-detritivorous-fishes-on-the-315v8ikrum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photograph-of-bricks-removed-from-large-fish-exclosure-1gpxwmv5.png FIG. 2. Photograph of bricks removed from large-fish exclosure (left) and control (right) plots placed in the main channel of the Cinaruco River during the low-water period (February 2002). Clean oval patches on the control brick probably were created by suctorial feeding of the benthic detritivore Semaprochilodus kneri. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-mean-th1-se-concentrations-of-sediment-qch6szuy.png FIG. 3. Comparison of mean (þ1 SE) concentrations of sediment dry mass (SDM) (A), sediment ash-free dry mass (SAFDM) (B), and chlorophyll a (CHLA) (C) accumulated on ceramic tiles in control (CTRL), Semaprochilodus kneri enclosure (SKE), large-fish exclosure (LFE), and total fish exclosure (TFE) plots in the Cinaruco River (channel and lagoon sites combined) after 8 d and 16 d during the low-water period (March 2002). CHLA samples in natural channel and lagoon sediment samples were taken on 28 March 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-conceptual-model-of-continuous-shifts-in-relative-2n23uidb.png FIG. 6. Conceptual model of continuous shifts in relative magnitudes of bottom–up (production) and top–down (consumption) influences on sediment fine particulate organic matter and algal density during phases of the annual flood-pulse regime of a tropical river. Strongest top–down effects from benthivorous fishes occur during the low-water phase when per-unit-area density of fishes is at its peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-mean-th1-se-concentrations-of-sediment-2zwvautf.png FIG. 4. Comparison of mean (þ1 SE) concentrations of sediment dry mass (SDM) (A), sediment ash-free dry mass (SAFDM) (B), and chlorophyll a (CHLA) (C) accumulated on ceramic tiles in sites in the littoral zone of the river channel vs sites in lagoons (all experimental treatments combined) after 8 d and 16 d during the low-water period (March 2002). CHLA samples in natural channel and lagoon sediment samples were taken on 28 March 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-mean-th1-se-concentrations-of-sediment-34yr5vtu.png FIG. 1. Comparison of mean (þ1 SE) concentrations of sediment dry mass (SDM) (A), sediment ash-free dry mass (SAFDM) (B), and chlorophyll a (CHLA) (C) accumulated on the surface of ceramic bricks in control (CTRL) and large-fish exclosure (LFE) plots in the Cinaruco River channel after 20 d during February 2002. Horizontal dashed line represents mean concentration of CHLA in natural channel sediment samples on 24 February 2002. https://scispace.com/papers/secretion-of-recombinant-human-fibrinogen-by-the-murine-37m037esia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-western-analysis-of-prepared-whey-from-triple-z0rjhoz5.png Figure 3. Western analysis of prepared whey from triple transgenic mice under reduced and non- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-glycosylation-analysis-of-aa-chain-from-10v7fsdb.png Figure 4. Glycosylation analysis of Aa-chain from WAP6FibAαand WAP6FibT.C. mouse prepared https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-glycosylation-analysis-of-g-chain-from-wap6fibc1-1qgm3xws.png Figure 6. Glycosylation analysis of γ-chain from WAP6Fibc1 and WAP6T.C. prepared mouse whey. Panel a, prepared whey (1 μl) from a WAP6Fibc1 monogenic line and hfib standard (230 ng) was subjected to deglycosylation with either Endoglycosidase H (Endo-H) or Glycopeptidase (PNGase) with resulting products run on SDS -PAGE and probed with the Chemicon γ-chain antibody. Note the lack of shifting under Endo-H conditions with the monogenic whey. Panel b, prepared whey from a WAP6FibT.C. (line 37, homozygous) mouse and hfib (230 ng) was subjected to deglycosylation treatment by either Endoglycosidase H (Endo-H) or Glycopeptidase (PNGase) and separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions then probed with the γ-chain Chemicon antibody. Note the partial shifting of the°Cband upon Endo-H treatment of WAP6FibT.C. mouse whey. N.T. ¼ non-transgenic mouse whey (1 μl). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-functional-activity-of-recombinant-fibrinogen-36rymvhg.png Figure 7. Functional activity of recombinant fibrinogen. Recombinant fibrinogen was purified as listed in materials and methods and subjected to thrombin activation and factor XIII cross linking along with human standard. Products were denatured then separated by SDS-PAGE followed by probing with polyclonal AB786 antibody. Panel a: lane 1, hfib without thrombin or factor XIII treatment; lane 2, hfib treated with thrombin; lane 3, hfib treated with thrombin and factor XIII. Panel b: lane 1, purified recombinant without thrombin or factor XIII; lane 2 recombinant with thrombin; lane 3, recombinant treated with both thrombin and factor XIII.°C °Crepresents the γ-chain –γchain crosslink. and transgenic hfib, respectively) and the appearance of a species at an Mr of approximately 90 KDa after treatment with thrombin and Factor XIII. Western blot analysis specific to γ-chain confirmed the 90 KDa species to be a c–c crosslinked product arising from the thrombin-Factor XIII enzymatic reaction (data not shown). As reported previously (Prunkard et al., 1996), we found evidence of c-glutamyl transferase activity in the milk mixtures leading to the formation of c–c cross-linked chains even without the presence of human Factor XIII after thrombin treatment. 4.0 Discussion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transgene-design-and-southern-analysis-of-1vl5b8b3.png Figure 1. Transgene design and Southern analysis of established transgenic lines. The three fibrinogen transgenes, WAP6FibAa, WAP6FiBβ and WAP6Fib1 were produced by introducing the cDNA for each chain between the 4.1 kbp promoter and 1.6 kbp30UTR elements of mWAP, upper panel. These constructs, in turn, were used to produce founder animals through microinjection. Offspring from these founders were screened by Southern analysis with one example from each line presented in lower panel. N.T. = nontransgenic,°C= band produced by endogenous WAP. Bands Aa,Bβ and γ are produced by their corresponding transgenic constructs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-glycosylation-analysis-of-bb-chain-from-wap6fib-bb-65pbnale.png Figure 5. Glycosylation analysis of Bβ -chain from WAP6Fib Bβ 1 and WAP6T.C. prepared mouse https://scispace.com/papers/second-harmonic-generation-from-metallic-arrays-of-1qi24trqn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-for-a-rha-in-gold-with-period-p-560-nm-illuminated-at-35aet2hb.png Fig. 5. For a RHA in gold with period p 560 nm illuminated at normal incidence from the input side (see Fig 1): (a) linear transmittance, (b) and (c) electric field amplitude at FH (λFH 830 nm) and SH for several unit cells along the x direction, calculated on a plane placed at y 0. (d)–(f) Same calculation but for p 540 nm. (g)–(i) Same calculation but for p 500 nm. Gray scale: white (maximum) and black (minimum). Relative scale shown in bottom right corners. Same geometrical parameters as in Figs. 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-an-array-of-rectangular-holes-deposited-16i9bn0j.png Fig. 1. Schematics of an array of rectangular holes deposited on glass. The illumination at the FH (air side) is polarized along the x axis, normally incident to the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-for-p-500-nm-sh-power-in-transmission-and-in-1tby9cho.png Fig. 6. For p 500 nm, SH power in transmission and in reflection normalized to total SH emission, as a function of the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of gold, silver, and a series of hypothetical metals. The real part of the dielectric constant is essentially that of Ag in the series. The rest of the geometrical parameters are h 160 nm and ax ay 280 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-sh-efficiency-as-a-function-of-the-period-b-change-3dq5pxd3.png Fig. 7. (a) SH efficiency as a function of the period. (b) Change of polarization calculated for the first diffraction order, ϕSH1 . For definitions, see the main text. The vertical lines indicate the period for which λFH coincides with the EOT minimum. The rest of geometrical parameters are h 160 nm and ax ay 280 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-numerical-calculation-of-the-electric-field-3spxl1jd.png Fig. 2. (a) Numerical calculation of the electric field components lying on an x–y plane inside a hole for p 500 nm, at FH (λFH 830 nm) in gold. Lateral dimensions: ax ay 280 nm. Film thickness: h 160 nm. The plane of observation is situated at z −125 nm. The amplitude is also represented, superimposed on the vector field map [gray scale: white (maximum) and black (minimum)]. (b) Same but for SH (λSH 415 nm). (c) Analytical calculation of the TE0;1 mode electric field, for a perfect electric conducting infinite waveguide [same lateral dimensions as in (a)]. (d) Same but for a superposition of the TE1;1 and TM1;1 modes. Only those electric field components lying on the x–y plane are represented for the TM1;1 mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-fh-and-sh-power-emitted-in-transmission-from-a-1vmjc86g.png Fig. 8. (a) FH and SH power emitted in transmission from a surface covering 20 × 20 unit cells shown with full square and circular symbols, respectively, as a function of the aspect ratio (AR ay∕ax). The empty circular symbols show the approximation taking χ 2 0 everywhere, except in the output surface. The empty triangular symbols is the approximation taking χ 2 0 everywhere, except in the input surface and walls. The inset shows the linear transmission spectrum calculated for AR 2. The vertical line indicates the wavelength λFH 830 nm, used for calculations in the main panel. (b) and (c) Near-field maps for AR 2. The electric field amplitude at FH (λFH 830 nm) and SH for several unit cells along the x direction, are calculated on a plane placed at y 0. Gray scale: white (maximum) and black (minimum). Same scale of Figs. 5(h) and 5(i) for FH and SH, respectively. The FH incident field is polarized along the x axis. The geometrical parameters are p 410 nm and h 160 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-a-and-b-phsh1-as-a-function-of-the-aspect-ratio-for-3nqn4boj.png Fig. 9. (a) α and (b) ϕSH1 as a function of the aspect ratio. For definitions, see the main text. Same parameters of Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-transmitted-fh-power-per-unit-cell-as-a-function-of-29icx0u9.png Fig. 4. (a) Transmitted FH power per unit cell as a function of the period for λFH 830 nm. (b) SH power in transmission per unit cell as a function of the period at λSH 415 nm. Solid circular symbols: full calculation; empty square symbols: an approximation taking χ 2 nnn ≠ 0 (neglecting both χ 2 ntt and χ 2 tnt); empty circular symbols: an approximation taking χ 2 0 everywhere, except on the output surface; and empty triangular symbols: approximation taking χ 2 0 everywhere, except on the input surface andwalls. (c) Same as in (b) but for the SH intensity emitted in the reflection region. The vertical lines indicate the period for which λFH coincides with the EOT minimum. The rest of the geometrical parameters are h 160 nm and ax ay 280 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/secretome-characterization-of-the-lignocellulose-degrading-1vwerypb4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-information-of-94-characterized-proteins-on2k7zde.png Table 2. Detailed information of 94 characterized proteins from P. sanguineus secretome. a matched protein ID was derived from the Uniprot database. b the sequences of matched peptides are shown in Table S2. * indicates the presence of a signal peptide in the matched protein https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plate-assays-of-lignocellulosic-activities-wb-and-2zavu8ki.png Figure 2. Plate assays of lignocellulosic activities. WB and IM: different culture media and their negative controls (WB-, IM-). Twenty μg of total secreted proteins were added into different wells within each plate. 3.3 P. sanguineus secretes a putatively glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-functional-classification-of-the-secreted-proteins-tn6u694q.png Figure 4. Functional classification of the secreted proteins according to their biological role. The numbers in brackets correspond to the number of proteins identified in each group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contribution-of-pretreatment-and-hydrolysis-steps-to-18zoh7in.png Table 1. Contribution of pretreatment and hydrolysis steps to glucose release on green and senescent P. prionitis biomass. The numbers in brackets correspond to the values obtained in PG medium previously (Gauna et al., 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-glucose-released-with-fungal-secretomes-n6olq2xp.png Figure 1. Total glucose released with fungal secretomes obtained in IM. Numbers in brackets indicate the total glucose released with fungal secretomes obtained in PG medium (Gauna et al., 2018). Error bars represent the standard error. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-detailed-information-of-56-characterized-proteins-3c4hb7ki.png Table 3. Detailed information of 56 characterized proteins from G. applanatum secretome. a matched protein ID was derived from the G. lucidum genome database (Chen et al. 2012). b the sequences of matched peptides are shown in Table S3. * indicates the presence of a signal peptide in the matched protein https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-non-denaturing-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis-4slex1xo.png Figure 3. A) Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained by β-glucosidase activity in absence/presence of glucose. Twenty μg of total secreted proteins were added into different lanes. G. applanatum secretomes were evaluated in lanes 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10; while P. sanguineus secretomes were evaluated in lanes 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, and 12. Odd number lanes were loaded with secretomes from WB medium; while even number lanes contained secretomes from IM. Quantitative zymogram analysis for each isoform relative to HMW isoform from lane 3 is shown at the bottom. M: molecular weight markers B) Decreasing β-glucosidase activity from each isoform at increasing glucose concentrations. https://scispace.com/papers/sectoral-carbon-emissions-and-economic-growth-in-the-us-55u8as1d6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-co2-emission-sourced-from-transportation-electrical-1rv2wbq7.png Fig 1, CO2 emission sourced from transportation, electrical and commercial sector is increased 53 for the period from 1973 to 2015 in the United States. However, it can be said that as a result 54 of using eco-friendly technologies, environmental damage of industrial and residential sector 55 has been decreased. 56 https://scispace.com/papers/secure-and-privacy-preserving-information-sharing-for-4z9vx13piq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principles-of-the-privacy-by-design-3czl108o.png Table 2. Principles of the Privacy by design https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-information-flow-model-privacy-security-requirement-2yxq7a9k.png Table 7. Information flow model, privacy-security requirement https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-security-privacy-metrics-and-definition-mp1v3sqt.png Table 4. Security-Privacy Metrics and Definition https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-willingness-to-share-information-1kavczs6.png Table 6. Willingness to share information https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-test-results-of-the-security-and-privacy-of-the-eixuzqwe.png Table 5. The Test Results of the Security and Privacy of the Information Sharing Tools https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principles-of-security-e7c8hy2i.png Table 1. Principles of Security https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-testable-metrics-for-our-research-purpose-3ua4sfxb.png Table 3. Testable metrics for our research purpose https://scispace.com/papers/secure-persuasive-business-models-and-business-model-162warvv6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sketch-figures-of-smell-persuading-human-to-change-178f8or3.png Figure 3.: Sketch figures of smell persuading human to change behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-creating-a-persuasive-business-model-bm-3g2h0xoc.png Figure 3.: Sketch figures of smell persuading human to change behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-persuasive-bms-outside-and-inside-things-and-bodies-21h4z6n9.png Figure 8: Persuasive BM´s outside and inside things and bodies at any time, any place, with anything and anybody (Inspired by Ertan Onur [17] TU Delft presentation SW2010 [17] and speakers from SW2015 [18]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2d-mapping-of-one-business-model-value-exchange-3f6ffvrc.png Figure 5: 2D Mapping of one business model value exchange sequence from a selected industrial business https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-bond-communication-illustration-mapping-3a1zfuab.png Figure 1. Human Bond Communication Illustration Mapping adapted by Prasad [18][19] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generic-dimensions-and-questions-to-any-persuasive-54i2oace.png Table 1: Generic dimensions and questions to any persuasive business model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-core-business-business-model-innovation-and-2cklmj8g.png Figure 4: Core business, business model innovation and business strategy – Taran et al. 2009 [23] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2d-mapping-of-a-multitude-of-business-models-value-2matukwg.png Figure 2: 2D Mapping of a multitude of business models value exchange sequences between business models inside an industrial business https://scispace.com/papers/secure-outsourced-garbled-circuit-evaluation-for-mobile-1mwdvtslwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-outsourced-oblivious-transfer-protocol-bm708pq0.png Figure 2: The Outsourced Oblivious Transfer protocol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-execution-time-for-significant-stages-of-garbled-3nzvkgvu.png Figure 4: Execution time for significant stages of garbled circuit computation for outsourced and non-outsourced evaluation. The Edit Distance program is evaluated with variable input sizes for the two-circuit case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-execution-time-for-the-edit-distance-problem-of-18su01y3.png Figure 5: Execution time for the Edit Distance problem of size 32, with between 2 and 256 circuits evaluated. In the non-outsourced evaluation scheme, the mobile phone runs out of memory evaluating 256 circuits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-motorcade-route-with-hazards-along-the-route-the-fufmopiy.png Figure 9: Motorcade route with hazards along the route. The dashed blue line represents the optimal route, while the dotted violet line represents the modified route that takes hazards into account. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-execution-time-for-the-edit-distance-program-of-3i7btidh.png Figure 3: Execution time for the Edit Distance program of varying input sizes, with 2 circuits evaluated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-map-of-potential-presidential-motorcade-routes-5z4h5eay.png Figure 8: Map of potential presidential motorcade routes through Washington, DC. As the circuit size increases, a larger area can be represented at a finer granularity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-execution-time-for-evaluating-a-128-bit-blinded-rsa-2lr95ya9.png Table 3: Execution time for evaluating a 128-bit blinded RSA circuit and Dijkstra shortest path solvers over graphs with 20, 50, and 100 vertices. All numbers are for outsourced evaluation, as the circuits are too large to be computed without outsourcing to a proxy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-bandwidth-bytes-transmitted-to-and-from-the-3v92xfej.png Table 2: Total Bandwidth (Bytes) transmitted to and from the phone during execution. https://scispace.com/papers/security-and-privacy-requirements-engineering-for-human-3q6y3504gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-health-care-scenario-carer-and-patient-in-the-room-may-32jmlr8r.png Fig. 2. Health care scenario: carer and patient in the room may use smartphone apps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relevant-efriend-frameworks-rules-left-column-yield-x8xt6xsp.png Fig. 1. Relevant eFRIEND framework’s rules (left column) yield ethical requirement (middle column) that can be mapped to techncial system requirements (right column). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-attack-tree-refinement-enables-stepwise-attack-path-1yl296p7.png Fig. 3. Attack tree refinement enables stepwise attack path discovery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-carer-puts-sniffer-on-smart-phone-eavesdropping-on-2oyf43r2.png Fig. 4. Carer puts sniffer on smart phone eavesdropping on cleartext TCP packets. https://scispace.com/papers/security-evaluation-over-lightweight-cryptographic-protocols-5fgmbqxbtb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-key-sizes-of-nist-standard-document-14-2gtnryoz.png TABLE I. KEY SIZES OF NIST STANDARD DOCUMENT [14] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-key-sizes-of-ecrypt-standard-document-15-g3xgtdm4.png TABLE II. KEY SIZES OF ECRYPT STANDARD DOCUMENT [15] https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-considered-attack-model-for-a-subset-of-proposed-3mjj5c4n.png TABLE III. CONSIDERED ATTACK MODEL FOR A SUBSET OF PROPOSED SCHEMES https://scispace.com/papers/sedimentary-microplankton-distributions-are-shaped-by-1ec6gdtw44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-in-this-paper-this-leads-to-similar-conclusions-xo2ioj7k.png Fig. 11 in this paper). This leads to similar conclusions, although less significant values are obtained because the dataset size125 is lower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-relation-between-microplankton-species-g8sazhyw.png Figure 5. The relation between microplankton species variability and environmental variables according to a CCA analysis, while including and excluding unclustered sediment samples (using the isolated clusters from Fig.4). Sea surface temperature (top) and nitrate concentration (bottom) at sediment sample sites with dinocysts (left; (a), (b), (c), (d)) and foraminifera (right; (e), (f), (g), (h)) against the first canonical axis from the CCA analysis, including ((a),(c),(e),(g)) and excluding ((b),(d),(f),(h)) sediment sample sites outdside of the oceanographically isolated clusters. The sediment sample sites that belong to a cluster are colored, ‘noisy’ samples (i.e. not part of any cluster) are gray. The tables at the bottom show the proportion of total variance that is explained by the canonical axes if the noisy samples are included or excluded. 13.5% (for dinocysts) and 10.8% (for foraminifera) of the sediment sample sites is in clusters, the remainder is in ‘noisy’ regions. The increase of explained variance is supported by a permutation test with 999 permutations (p-values are <0.0001 and 0.024 for dinocysts and foraminifera respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-edges-between-oceanographically-disconnected-le7j8ulz.png Figure 2. Edges between oceanographically disconnected clusters of sedimentary locations from the hierarchical clustering method. (a) The cluster edges after 90 iterations, where the color indicates at which iteration number a cluster edge is created. (b) The ANOSIM test-statistic (red) and p-values (blue; 999 permutations; logarithmic scale) for the clusters at every iteration number, which tests whether the sedimentary microplankton composition (both dinocysts and foraminifera; sites below 65◦N) is more similar within than between clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oceanographically-isolated-optics-clusters-of-23zslc6t.png Figure 4. Oceanographically isolated OPTICS clusters of sedimentary particle release locations with clustering parameters smin = 300 (i.e. the minimum size of clusters) and ξ = 0.002 (i.e. the level of isolation). The clustering is applied globally and the clusters are compared to Southern Hemisphere sediment sample sites. The colored regions are clusters, the gray regions are "noisy", and therefore not part of a cluster. These colors were used for all subpanels. (a) Global map of the position of the clusters (colored regions), and dinocyst- (white) and foraminifera (black) sample locations. (b) Ordering of sedimentary locations i against their reachability r(pi). To visualize the sediment sample site taxonomy for (c) the dinocysts and (d) the planktic foraminifera in two dimensions, we use classical multidimensional scaling (MDS; Fouss et al. (2016)). MDS creates a two-dimensional approximation of the species composition in the sediment samples in this figure (instead of 91 and 50 dimensions/species for the dinocysts and foraminifera respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sedimentary-microplankton-biodiversity-outside-44kbsb9o.png Figure 7. Sedimentary microplankton biodiversity outside minus inside isolated OPTICS clusters. The average Shannon entropy of sediment samples inside OPTICS clusters N c s compared to outside clusters N nc s for different values of smin (i.e. the minimum size of clusters) and ξ (i.e. the level of isolation). High values indicate that the number of species in samples within clusters are lower and species are distributed less evenly in samples compared to samples outside clusters. Blue are configurations of smin and ξ for which no sediment sample sites are part of a cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-impact-of-isolated-clusters-on-227bw7jy.png Figure 1. Illustration of the impact of isolated clusters on sedimentary microplankton composition. (a) Illustration of the particle back-track analysis from Nooteboom et al. (2019), resulting in a particle distribution of origin locations for one sediment site/release location on which the clustering methods are applied (figure adapted from Nooteboom et al. (2020))). (b) A (noisy) sediment sample site outside of the isolated clusters (station J299) and a site within oceanographically isolated OPTICS cluster 1 (station J285) in the South Atlantic. (c), (d) Pie charts of the dinocyst species composition in the sites from (b). The clustered site contains a species composition which is less biodiverse compared to the noisy site. The Shannon biodiversity indices of respectively the clustered and noisy site are 0.7788 and 1.6842. This illustration uses the same OPTICS clusters as are shown later in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-increase-of-explained-environmental-variability-by-693btd4i.png Figure 6. Increase of explained environmental variability by microplankton sediment sample sites in the CCA analyses if sediment samples outside of the oceanographically isolated OPTICS clusters are excluded, for different parameter values smin (i.e. the minimum size of clusters) and ξ (i.e. the level of isolation). (a) the dinocyst and (b) the foraminifera dataset. High and significant values indicate that sediment samples within clusters have a clearer relationship with the surface environment. Blue are configurations of smin and ξ for which no sediment sample sites are part of a cluster. Only Southern Hemisphere sedimentary microplankton data were used here. Vertical stripes indicate an insignificant randomization test with 999 permutations at a 5% significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reachability-plot-of-the-sedimentary-particle-2vegpeci.png Figure 3. Reachability plot of the sedimentary particle release locations from the OPTICS algorithm. Sediment locations in dense areas (i.e. with low reachability values in (a)) share a similar particle distribution of back-tracked surface origin locations, while areas with high reachability values have back-tracked particle distribution which are more spread out and share origin locations with a lot of other sedimentary release locations. A sinking speed of 6 m day−1 is used and parameter smin = 300 (i.e. OPTICS clusters will consist of a minimum of 300 sediment sites). (a) Scatter plot of the site reachability in space: sites in dense areas with a low reachability are oceanographically isolated. (b) A scatter plot of the ordering of the sediment locations i against their reachability r(pi). (c) Partial Mantel correlation of the reachability distance Dr with the taxonomy (red) and SST (black), both with spatial distance held constant, for different smin values. A total of 999 permutations were used for every partial Mantel test; every test with respect to the taxonomy (red) is significant with p-value< 0.003. https://scispace.com/papers/security-ranking-among-assumptions-within-the-uber-2ho6399ptr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hierarchy-for-type-3-pairings-as-in-the-previous-2lt84co0.png Fig. 4 Hierarchy for type 3 pairings − As in the previous figure (see figure 3), the different points of the lattice are labeled with regard to the number of variable that are in a given group. The arrows define the different reduction that can be performed from a given entry to another. Note that there is no more horizontal arrows since there is no ϕ morphism between G1 and G2 while the others arrows remains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hierarchy-for-type-2-pairings-the-different-points-of-xiygi82c.png Fig. 3 Hierarchy for type 2 pairings − The different points of the lattice are labeled with regard to the number of variable that are in a given group. The first coordinate corresponds to the number of variables given in the group G1 and the second coordinate corresponds to the number of variables given in the group G2. As an example, the following entry gx11 , · · · , g xn1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-security-assumptions-relations-bilinear-setting-315rwofj.png Fig. 2: Security assumptions relations (Bilinear setting) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-security-assumptions-relations-group-setting-bf4q58ii.png Fig. 1: Security assumptions relations (Group setting) https://scispace.com/papers/seeding-forest-rangelands-in-british-columbia-2ol7x7c960 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-road-3-years-after-construction-and-seeding-to-2r2fzo1u.png Figure 4. Road 3 years after construction and seeding to grass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-newly-logged-area-showing-skid-road-and-mill-set-tooxotr8.png Figure 1. Newly logged area showing skid road and mill set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-newly-burned-area-in-lodgepole-pine-destruction-of-2jx7pauq.png Figure 5. Newly burned area in lodgepole pine. Destruction of ground cover was almost complete because of fuel provided by dead trees on the ground. https://scispace.com/papers/seedvicious-analysis-of-microrna-target-and-near-target-20ziq536jy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pairs-of-target-sites-for-the-same-and-different-2s1cm9pu.png Fig 4. Pairs of target sites for the same and different microRNAs. Proportion of pairs of target sites (y-axis) at a given distance (x-axis) for the same microRNAs (solid black line) and for two different microRNAs (dashed gray line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distance-between-canonical-target-sites-distance-34mbbh56.png Fig 3. Distance between canonical target sites. Distance between canonical target sites as defined by seedVicious (A), and the partial overlap of targets that are 6 nucleotides away (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microrna-target-and-near-target-sites-canonical-and-2n6c9ed2.png Fig 1. MicroRNA target and near-target sites. Canonical and marginal sites are described in Bartel, 2009 [1]. Neartarget sites can be defined for all type of sites. The figure also shows that each seed (sixmer) 18 possible near-target sites as defined by Marco, 2015 [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multiple-uses-of-seedvicious-a-cumulative-distribution-t88t1fw2.png Fig 2. Multiple uses of seedVicious. A) Cumulative distribution of the number of transcripts with at least two target sites with respect to the minimum distance between pairs of targets. The graph compares the distribution of all transcript (black), transcript/microRNA pairs with experimentally validated interactions (blue) and those with strongly validated interactions (red) according to miRTarBase. B) Precision of microRNA target prediction for different cut-offs of minimum distance between pairs of targets. The peak corresponds to a distance of 6, that is, two contiguous target sites. C) Precision of microRNA target prediction for multiple targets sites for the same microRNA. D) Evolutionary turnover of microRNA canonical target sites for let-7 in lin-14 in roundworm species using maximum parsimony. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-anisotropy-from-compositional-banding-in-granulites-22d20s3utx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modal-abundance-of-minerals-in-analysed-rock-samples-20cpfqfi.png Table 1. Modal abundance of minerals in analysed rock samples estimated based on EBSD analysis and calculated densities. Mineral abbreviations after Kretz (1983). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-j-indices-estimated-for-odfs-of-major-rock-f-rming-1ylzcgjk.png Table 2. J-indices estimated for ODFs of major rock f rming minerals. All data points are included. Mineral abbreviations after Kretz (1983). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-densities-and-p-and-s-wave-velocities-and-380e68wj.png Table 3. Densities, and P- and S-wave velocities and anisotropies calculated from the EBSD data and elastic constants using VRH average with AEH correction (AEH) and simple VRH average (VRH). Anisotropy is calculated using the formula A = 200(Vmax-Vmin)/(Vmax-Vmin). Mean VP = (VPmax + VPmin)/2, Mean VS = (VS1max + VS2min)/2. Velocities are recalculated to 600 MPa applying Hashin-Shtrikmann bounds (Abers et al. 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modal-abundance-of-minerals-estimated-based-on-ebsd-3fkrtgek.png Table 1. Modal abundance of minerals in analysed rock samples estimated based on EBSD analysis and calculated densities. Mineral abbreviations after Kretz (1983). https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-detection-of-the-martian-core-54sf9muw6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-diagram-of-marss-interior-structure-the-6m9wkk4y.png Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of Mars’s interior structure. The cross section depicts the coreinduced shadow zone for seismic waves. The surface topography is a cut through the MOLA map (87) on a great circle arc from InSight through Olympus Mons. The S-wave shadow zone is minimal and probably filled by diffracted S-waves (Sdiff), while the P-wave shadow zone is significant and contains specifically the Tharsis region. The existence of an inner core cannot be determined by current data and the seismic ray paths shown assume no inner core. Topography and InSight lander are exaggerated in scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mars-s-mantle-and-core-structure-a-inverted-seismic-1mpwos3p.png Fig. 2. Mars's mantle and core structure. (A) Inverted seismic wave velocity profiles (95% credible intervals) based on the three inversion methods. The pale gray-shaded area below 800 km depth for the P-wave velocity profiles indicates that no direct information is available for this region. (B) Differential body wave travel time misfits for all sampled models obtained from the geophysical (blue shades) and geodynamical (orange shades) inversions shown in panel (A). Yellow and green circles indicate the observations including error bars, respectively. A detailed version of the misfit plot is shown in Figure S9-1 (38). (C) Sampled core properties. Middle plot: mean core density versus core radius for the geophysical (blue) and geodynamical (orange) methods, while their marginal distributions are shown as histograms to the right and on the top. The seismic method only constrains core radius. The blue and orange models are color-coded according to their fit to the tidal response in the form of the observed degree-2 Love number k2 (11) defined by the white circles and horizontal error bars. Relying on Fe-S models, the purple bands indicate the variation of core sulfur (S) content (purple axis) with mean core density for four different iron (Fe) - light element (S, O, H, and C) assemblages (65–68). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-consolidated-pick-times-of-p-and-scs-for-the-events-2qzkoz0g.png Table 1: Consolidated pick times of P and ScS for the events used in this study. Magnitudes are from the MQS catalog v6 (30). Depth estimates are based on the identification of the depth phase sS (see the main text). The events are labelled by mission Sol of occurrence and sub-labeled alphabetically for Sols with more than 1 event. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-summary-of-data-processing-and-identification-of-core-3r923he3.png Fig. 1. Summary of data processing and identification of core-reflected S-waves. (A) Seismogram and envelope of event S0173a before and after polarization filtering (top) and envelope stack for all six events (bottom). The individual event envelopes are shown in Fig. S1-4 (38). (B) Polarization-filtered spectrograms for each of the six events considered here. Cyan triangles mark proposed ScS picks based on the processing methods described in the main text, whereas green triangles mark the final set of picks summarized in Table 1. Light grey lines mark SS and SSS picks from (32). All events show energy around the predicted arrival time of ScS, using a model from (32) with a core radius of 1830 km, in agreement with the ScS observation for S0173a shown in (A). Bold event labels (e.g., S0235b) indicate events with strong ScS energy. (C) Stacked energy in a 10 s time window around ScS as predicted for 5000 models from (32) with core radii centered around 1830. (D) Residual travel times of the models presented in https://scispace.com/papers/seizure-freedom-improves-health-related-quality-of-life-4cm9dujbf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-treatment-surgery-vs-3684178b.png Figure 2: The relationship between treatment (surgery vs pharmacological management) and total Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QOLCE) score at 1-year follow-up is mediated by seizure control, adjusting for baseline total QOLCE score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plots-showing-distribution-of-total-quality-of-3lgkvyrb.png Figure 1: Box plots showing distribution of total Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QOLCE) score and five domains (physical, cognition, well-being, social, and behaviour) scores at baseline and 1-year follow-up in both surgical and pharmacological groups. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyon linelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-informative-features-with-fuzzy-rough-sets-and-its-q93zuay6fl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subsethood-values-between-conditional-feature-terms-hk31wllc.png Table 2 Subsethood values between conditional feature terms and the decision terms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fuzzy-rough-quickreduct-algorithm-uybdorc8.png Fig. 2. The fuzzy-rough QuickReduct algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-quickreduct-algorithm-1fuwqqij.png Fig. 1. The QuickReduct Algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-training-and-testing-accuracies-for-the-3-class-2upb9g5o.png Fig. 8. Training and testing accuracies for the 3-class dataset over the tolerance range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-rule-arities-for-the-2-class-dataset-1hibe3na.png Fig. 7. Average rule arities for the 2-class dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-average-rule-arities-for-the-3-class-dataset-fi9kcm56.png Fig. 9. Average rule arities for the 3-class dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modular-decomposition-of-the-implemented-system-mwxyufqk.png Fig. 5. Modular decomposition of the implemented system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-training-and-testing-accuracies-for-the-2-class-du9cunv8.png Fig. 6. Training and testing accuracies for the 2-class dataset over the tolerance range. https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-the-tuning-parameter-in-penalized-gaussian-1hn4spi19i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tuning-parameter-selection-criteria-applied-to-2cd1gjym.png Fig. 1 Tuning parameter selection criteria applied to Arabidopsis dataset in which we considered 118 samples and 39 genes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gene-expression-study-the-estimated-conditional-2ygl26qb.png Fig. 2 Gene expression study. The estimated conditional independence graphs are the results of the application of the graphical lasso algorithm to the dataset Arabidopsis thaliana. The precision matrix was estimated by selecting the best tuning parameter according to GBIC, KLCV, and BIC. The graphs derived from GBIC is shown on the left side, the one derived from KLCV is in the center, and the one derived from BIC is visualized on the right side. The degree for each node is reported in Supplementary Materials Table S8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-absolute-frobenius-norm-over-100-simulated-data-381e0ze7.png Table 4 Mean absolute Frobenius norm over 100 simulated data from multivariate Gaussian distributionN(0, ) for GAIC and GBIC model selections and scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-frobenius-norm-and-mean-f-score-over-100-2fxbrm25.png Table 3 Mean Frobenius norm and mean F-score over 100 simulated data from multivariate Gaussian distribution N (0, ) for GAIC and GBIC model selections and scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-f-score-of-different-estimators-over-100-6ceek9om.png Table 5 Mean F-score of different estimators over 100 simulated data from multivariate Gaussian distribution N(0, ) for GAIC and GBIC model selections and scenarios. A random graph structure was used to generate the precision matrix . The precision matrix was estimated via graphical lasso, adaptive lasso, and SCAD. For each weighted algorithm, the optimum value of the tuning parameter λ was selected by GBIC. Standard errors are reported in brackets. The underlined elements indicate the best model selectors for each scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-absolute-entropy-loss-over-100-simulated-data-odmhre40.png Table 1 Mean absolute entropy loss over 100 simulated data frommultivariate Gaussian distributionN(0, ) for several model selections and scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-f-score-of-different-estimators-over-100-2v4guocw.png Table 2 Mean F-score of different estimators over 100 simulated data from multivariate Gaussian distribution N(0, ) for several model selections and scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-uncertainty-structures-in-identification-for-5ndskvmtr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feedback-interconnection-to-stabilize-the-system-or-to-3iyk2ri6.png Fig. 1. Feedback interconnection. to stabilize the system or to meet safety requirements. Next, suppose that a certain uncertainty structure is selected that leads to a model set P such that (2) is satisfied. Then, an approach to compare different model sets is to evaluate their worst-case performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-uncertainty-structures-20pd50ep.png Table 1. Comparison of uncertainty structures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nominal-model-p-solid-blue-frequency-response-function-mmrbwqyc.png Fig. 3. Nominal model P̂ (solid blue), frequency response function estimate P̃o(ωi), ωi ∈ Ωid (blue dots), and model set PRCR (cyan) and PADD (yellow, red dashed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photograph-of-the-experimental-cvt-system-where-a-w9qpd01o.png Fig. 2. Photograph of the experimental CVT system, where À: primary servo valve Vp, Á: secondary servo valve Vs, Â: pressure measurement pp at primary hydraulic cilinder, Ã: pressure measurement ps at secondary hydraulic cilinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-closed-loop-step-responses-r2-7-y-initial-controller-2cslyk8q.png Fig. 4. Closed-loop step responses (r2 7→ y): initial controller Cexp (solid blue), optimal robust controller CRCR (dashed red), CADD (dash-dotted green), and CDY (dotted). https://scispace.com/papers/selection-in-a-complex-world-deriving-causality-from-stable-vnmf27nnih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-actual-versus-effective-evolutionary-change-3owun840.png Figure 2: Actual versus effective evolutionary change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fitness-abstracts-away-from-most-causal-processes-1zwofut2.png Figure 1: Fitness abstracts away from most causal processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-solid-lines-represent-causal-relations-the-22e2thdy.png Figure 3: The solid lines represent causal relations; the dashed line represents a constitutive relation. ∆1 represents the set of all individual-level causal processes (defining a specific life-history), ∆2 the set of all individual-level processes affecting the reproductive outcome of a life-history, and ∆3 the processes which make a difference to the equilibrium distribution of trait frequencies. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-and-interactive-neural-correlates-of-visual-2fcjbf4a1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-early-dimension-change-and-response-change-related-3rkxac0f.png Fig. 4. Early dimension-change- and response-change-related signal changes. Dimension changes elicited early signal increases, identified by a significant increase in the beta-value of the first gamma function (see Methods for details), were observed at the end of the right intraoccipital sulcus (a) and in the right fusiform gyrus (b). Response changes elicited early phasic activations at the banks of the ascending left intraparietal sulcus (c) and in the left superior temporal gyrus, bordering the superior temporal sulcus (d). Colors indicate significant dimension-change- (turquoise) and response-change-related activation (red). The time courses represent the averaged differential event-related signal time courses for the following contrasts: dc: dimension change–dimension repetition trials, rc: response change– response repetition trials. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means, obtained by jack-knife resampling. The image planes are identified by the appropriate coordinates of the Talairach and Tournoux (1988) system. For full coordinates, see Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-search-displays-search-displays-consisted-of-a-matrix-3mth4g6f.png Fig. 1. Search displays. Search displays consisted of a matrix of (5 5) 25 triangles each pointing randomly to the left or right. In each display, one triangle, the target, differed from the others, the distractors: either by its color (red as compared to green) or its direction (axis) of sinusoidal motion (45- oblique as compared to horizontal). Red is indicated by black and green by gray in the figure. Observers had to detect the odd-one-out target triangle and make a button press indicating the target’s pointing direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-response-change-related-activation-of-longer-duration-2lhp70fr.png Fig. 5. Response-change-related activation of longer duration. Activations of longer duration were identified by significantly increased linear combinations of the beta-estimates of the first and second gamma functions (shown in orange) or all three gamma functions (shown in yellow). See Fig. 4 for abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basis-set-of-gamma-functions-the-bold-response-was-1k5fy4z3.png Fig. 2. Basis set of gamma functions. The BOLD response was modeled with th modeled with parameter estimates of the first gamma function alone. Longer last estimates of the first two or all three gamma functions. The x axis indicates time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-interaction-of-dimension-change-and-response-change-2b8dl9c1.png Fig. 6. Interaction of dimension-change- and response-change-related activation. A region at the fundus of the parieto-occipital fissure showed an interaction between dimension-change- and response-change-related activation. D(N)C: dimension (non) change, r(n)c: response (non) change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-times-and-error-rates-in-the-fmri-experiment-3qaza14b.png Fig. 3. Reaction times and error rates in the fMRI experiment as a function of dimension and response changes. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals (CI) corrected for inter-individual differences (Loftus and Masson, 1994). https://scispace.com/papers/selective-targeted-effect-of-high-pressure-processing-on-q152fsaglj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-d-sds-page-profiles-of-total-sds-soluble-protein-khj12qoy.png Figure 1. 1-D SDS-PAGE profiles of total SDS-soluble protein fractions in control (0 https://scispace.com/papers/selectivity-via-cooperativity-preferential-stabilization-of-4d55d7sx0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structural-analysis-of-the-ternary-dp-005-p65-14-3-1m5hivc6.png Figure 4. Structural analysis of the ternary DP-005/p65/14-3-3 and FC-A/p65/14-3-3 complexes. (A) Crystal structure of DP-005 (green sticks), p65_45R (red sticks), and 14-3-3σΔC (white surface) (PDB ID: 6NV2). (B) Binding of DP-005 induces a reorientation of the p65_45R peptide (original conformation of binary complex, yellow sticks; ternary complex with DP-005, red sticks). (C) Hydrophobic contacts are indicated with spheres. (D) Polar contacts of DP-005 displayed as yellow dashed lines with the polar contact of the methoxy group of DP-005 and K122 highlighted with black dashed lines. (E) Overlay of FC-A (blue sticks) and DP-005 (green sticks). An arrow indicates the hydroxyl group at position 12, which causes the difference in affinity between both compounds. Hydrophobic residues of the peptide/protein complex are shown as spheres. (F) The resonance corresponding to the W230 Nε−Hε bond of 14-3-3σ was monitored to detect the stabilization of this PPI. This resonance is circled in black on the 1H−15N TROSY-HSQC spectrum of 15N13C2H-labeled 14-3-3σ (shown on the right), and the corresponding residue W230 is represented as sticks, colored in blue and circled in black on the crystal structure (shown on the left, represented as a white surface). This residue is close to the peptide-binding site and distant from the FC-A binding site. (G−J) The enlarged spectral region of the 1H-15N TROSY-HSQC containing the resonance corresponding to the W230 Nε−Hε bond of 14-3-3σ (125 μM) is shown in the presence of DMSO 4% (v/v), present in all samples (G), FC-A 125 μM (H), p65_45R peptide 625 μM (I), and p65_45R peptide 625 μM and FC-A 125 μM (J). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-of-p65-and-14-3-3-a-schematic-3rgu4ew8.png Figure 1. Interaction of p65 and 14-3-3. (A) Schematic representation of the interaction of 14-3-3, p65, and IκBα in the context of the NF-κB pathway. Briefly, upon activation of the pathway (for example, by TNFα), a signal cascade (represented by a thick dashed arrow) leads to the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (here represented by p50/ p65). Binding of IκBα and 14-3-3 to p65 is necessary for nuclear export or cytosolic retention (narrow dashed arrow). (B) Domain representation of the p65 protein, with the Rel Homology Region (RHR), the two transactivator domains (TA1, TA2), and amino acid sequences of the three conserved potential 14-3-3 binding sites. (C) Cartoon representation of the crystal structure of the complex of IκBα with the RHR domain of p65, with van der Waals’ transparent surface. p65 (red to yellow) with IκBα (blue) (PDB ID: 1IKN; p50 hidden for clarity; S45 and S281 are highlighted for clarity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-fc-induced-stabilization-on-14-3-3-28h2u4hw.png Figure 5. Comparison of FC-induced stabilization on 14-3-3 PPIs. (A) Overview of 14-3-3 binding epitopes. (B) Overlay of the crystal structures of the binding epitopes shown in (A) (cartoon representation, phosphorylated residue, and +1 amino acid shown as sticks). FC-A is shown as transparent spheres, while 14-3-3 is shown as white van der Waals surface. (C) Binding affinities of indicated peptides were measured for 14-3-3γ in the presence of DMSO as control (ctrl), 100 μM FC-A, or 100 μM DP-005 with FA (r in mAU). For peptide sequences, see Tables 1 and S3. (D) Apparent binding affinity of DP-005/p65_biR/14-3-3γ complex formation measured with ITC (n = 1). For the duplicate, see Figure S7C. Syringe, 150 μM 14-3-3γ, 200 μM DP-005; cell, 10 μM p65_biR, 200 μM DP-005. (E) KD app values in μM for the indicated peptides for the DMSO control (ctrl) or with FC-A or DP-005 as mean ± SD measured with FA (upper panel, n = 3) and ITC (lower panel, n = 2). n.d. = not determined. (F) Increase in affinity of the binding partners due to FC-A or DP-005 shown as the ratio of the dissociation constant of the DMSO control (KD I) divided by the dissociation constant in the presence of either FC-A (KD FC‑A) or DP-005 (KD DP‑005) based on FA results. The numbers indicate the factor with which the binding affinity is enhanced due to the FCs as compared to the control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cooperativity-analysis-of-fc-a-and-dp-005-on-14-3-3-2z071vfj.png Figure 6. Cooperativity analysis of FC-A and DP-005 on 14-3-3 PPIs. (A) 2D FA-results of FC-A with p65_biR/14-3-3γ and CFTR_bi (n = 1). FC-A concentrations range from 0 to 250 μM; the vertical gray line indicates the peptide concentration. Anisotropy (r) given in mAU. (B) 2D FAresults of DP-005 with p65_biR/14-3-3γ or CFTR_bi (n = 1). DP-005 concentrations range from 0 to 250 μM; the vertical gray line indicates the peptide concentration. (C) Scheme of 2D titration in FA. 14-3-3 was titrated against 100 nM of peptide (P) varying fixed concentrations of stabilizer (S). The data analysis was based on a one-to-one binding model. For cooperativity analysis, the ratio of KD of the binary (KD I) and ternary (KD app) complex was used to derive the cooperativity factor α (for derivation of the equations and additional information, see the Supporting Information). (D) KD I/KD app ratio plotted against FC-A concentration for 2D titrations shown in (A) and Figure S9. The arrow indicates the minimal active concentration of the stabilizer, while the curve reaches saturation at the α-value. (E) KD I/KD app ratio plotted against DP-005 concentration for 2D titrations shown in (B) and Figure S10. Analysis is in accordance with (D). (F) The cooperativity value α for the ternary complexes with 14-3-3γ and either FC-A or DP-005 was plotted against the different target peptides. DP-005 has a 10-fold stronger effect on the p65/14-3-3γ interaction than does any other measured interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stabilizing-effect-of-fusicoccanes-on-the-p65-45-14-1lob9moc.png Figure 3. Stabilizing effect of fusicoccanes on the p65_45/14-3-3 interaction. (A) The diterpene skeleton of the fusicoccane family. Encircled are the positions that are of interest in this study. (B) A collection of eight FCs used to screen for a stabilizing effect on the p65/14-3-3 complex. (C) FA-based screening results of the FC-collection shown in (B) on the p65_45R/14-3-3γ complex. The anisotropy (r in mAU) measurements were carried out with 100 μM compound, 50 μM 14-3-3γ, and 100 nM of p65_45R. Values represent the mean ± SD of two independent measurements performed in technical triplicates. (D) Titration of 14-3-3γ in the presence of 100 μM compound or DMSO control (ctrl) and 100 nM p65_45R measured with FA. Values and error bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent singlet measurements. (E) Titration of compound or DMSO control (ctrl) in the presence of 50 μM 14-3-3γ and 100 nM p65_45R measured with FA. Values and error bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent singlet measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/self-aligned-silicidation-of-surround-gate-vertical-mosfets-3pycgwcgtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-silicided-surround-gate-v-mosfets-1jgcs627.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF SILICIDED SURROUND-GATE v-MOSFETs FABRICATED IN THIS WORK WITH DEVICES REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE. THESE DATA WERE TAKEN FROM [5] AND UPDATED WITH MORE RECENT RESULTS. THE VALUES OF Ion WERE CALCULATED FOR VDS = VDD AND FOR A 1-V GATE OVERDRIVE. TO ENSURE A MEANINGFUL COMPARISON, FULLY DEPLETED THIN-PILLAR v-MOSFETs HAVE BEEN EXCLUDED FROM THE TABLE, BECAUSE IMPROVED DRIVE WOULD BE EXPECTED FROM THESE DEVICES DUE TO THE VOLUME INVERSION FROM THE ACTION OF THE DUAL OR SURROUND GATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cut-off-frequency-ft-as-a-function-of-technology-node-1kfxo6xy.png Fig. 10. Cut-off frequency fT as a function of technology node for the silicided 80-nm surround-gate FILOX v-MOSFET and a variety of comparator technologies taken from [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-process-flow-for-silicidation-of-surround-156c6opl.png Fig. 1. Schematic process flow for silicidation of surround-gate v-MOSFETs. (a) FILOX process [15], [16]. (b) Nitride spacer process for silicidation. (c) Silicided v-MOSFETs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulated-output-characteristics-of-the-120-nm-261ziwqg.png Fig. 11. Simulated output characteristics of the 120-nm silicided surroundgate v-MOSFETs annealed for 10 s at 1100 ◦C. (a) DOT operation and (b) SOT operation under a gate bias of 2 V. Results are shown for two current paths through the device, a surface current through a peripheral Schottky contact, and a bulk current to the top ohmic contact. The inset of (b) shows the total current in DOT and SOT operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-cross-section-of-a-120-nm-v-mosfet-after-silicide-3oup43ol.png Fig. 3. SEM cross section of a 120-nm v-MOSFET after silicide formation (a) without any etch and (b) after stain etching [22]. The outline of the sidewall polysilicon fillet has been highlighted in (a) for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-cross-section-of-the-v-mosfet-process-a-directly-1so4mbuj.png Fig. 2. SEM cross section of the v-MOSFET process (a) directly after the FILOX [15], [16] oxidation and (b) after the nitride spacer process prior to silicidation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-characteristics-of-80-nm-v-mosfets-annealed-for-29tc6paw.png Fig. 4. Output characteristics of 80-nm v-MOSFETs annealed for 30 s at 1100 ◦C for (a) DOT and (b) SOT modes of operation. Results are shown for (dashed line) silicided and (solid line) nonsilicided v-MOSFETs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-drive-current-i-e-for-a-gate-voltage-overdrive-of-1-v-2d7ped8y.png Fig. 5. Drive current (i.e., for a gate voltage overdrive of 1 V and a VDS of 1.5 V) of 80-nm surround-gate v-MOSFETs for different drawn channel widths. Results are shown for silicided and nonsilicided v-MOSFETs and for DOT and SOT modes of operation. https://scispace.com/papers/self-annuitization-consumption-shortfall-in-retirement-and-q71k6fpfo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stocks-bonds-and-real-estate-fund-proportion-for-1eekho3a.png Table 4: Stocks, bonds and real-estate fund proportion for varying entry-ages and second order interest rates chosen for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probabilities-of-consumption-shortfall-in-pgozogrd.png Figure 1: Probabilities of consumption shortfall in retirement (PCS) of a 60-year old man in the case of a equity fund investment dependent on interest rate for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probabilities-of-consumption-shortfall-in-vpgfn6j3.png Figure 2: Probabilities of consumption shortfall in retirement (PCS) of a 60-year old man in the case of a bond-fund investment dependent on interest rate for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probabilities-of-consumption-shortfall-in-1r9sfh2n.png Figure 5: Probabilities of consumption shortfall in retirement for a 60-year old man with a risk minimizing stock/bond-fund allocation dependent on interest rate for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probabilities-of-consumption-shortfall-in-2s79nluu.png Figure 6: Probabilities of consumption shortfall in retirement for a 60-year old man with a risk minimizing stock/bond/real-estate fund allocation dependent on interest rate for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probabilities-of-consumption-shortfall-in-r3pmbubo.png Figure 4: Probabilities of consumption shortfall in retirement for a 60-year old man with alternative stock and bond investments [in %] dependent on interest rate for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probabilities-of-consumption-shortfall-in-b2npb0gx.png Figure 3: Probabilities of consumption shortfall in retirement (PCS) of a 60-year old man in the case of a real estate investment dependent on interest rate for annuity calculation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-stocks-bonds-and-real-vfe52kro.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics for Stocks, Bonds and Real-Estate Funds https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-synthesis-of-precursors-to-potential-open-3lrnwe4ruq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mg1-a-1d-coordination-polymer-chains-b-and-c-h-2c1czues.png Figure 2. Mg1; (a) 1D coordination polymer chains, (b) and (c) H-bonds connecting chains along b axis. (d) Bifurcated H-bonds between picolinic acid and nitrate connecting structure along c axis. [Distances and angles of hydrogen bonds are given in the ESI, for this and subsequent complexes, as are the required symmetry equivalencies where appropriate.]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mg2-a-formula-unit-mg-coordinated-to-picolinic-acid-1j6p9nsz.png Figure 3. Mg2 a) Formula unit, Mg coordinated to picolinic acid and water, H-bonded to nitrate ions, (axially coordinated water molecules excluded for clarity). b) Formula units connected by H-bonds, (nearest axially coordinated water molecule of red formula units located above and below purple https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mg6-dianionic-monomer-unit-mg-c7h3no4-2-h2o-2-top-o40oterh.png Figure 7. Mg6; Dianionic monomer unit, Mg(C7H3NO4)2(H2O)2 (top). Global packing viewed down the a axis (middle left) and b axis (middle right). H-bonds connecting structure along b axis (bottom left), and connecting Mg(C7H3NO4)2(H2O)2 units (bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metal-coordination-geometry-of-24-3dk87fp1.png Figure 1. Metal coordination geometry of 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as ligand found in a series of transition metal complexes (M = Zn, Co, Ni or Cu)8-10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mg5-a-formula-unit-showing-uncoordinated-disordered-3633hyr6.png Figure 6. Mg5: a) Formula unit, showing uncoordinated, disordered, water molecule (O9) and N,Ochelation of 2,4pdca to Mg1. b) H-bonds from coordinated water molecules connecting formula unit to 8 neighbouring formula units. c) H-bonds of uncoordinated disordered water molecule connecting formula units. d) Global packing of Mg5, showing layers of formula units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mg3-a-formula-unit-showing-h-bonds-between-the-31yqtfze.png Figure 4. Mg3; a) Formula unit showing H-bonds between the metal-ligand complex and the uncoordinated nitrate ion. b) H-bonds between formula units connecting the structure along the{ 011} plane. c) H-bonds between formula units connecting the structure along the a plane. https://scispace.com/papers/self-calibrating-imaging-polarimetry-4b6qd66u2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polarimetric-imaging-has-typically-required-a-156t4ec3.png Figure 1. Polarimetric imaging has typically required a polarizing filter (analyzer) set to known angles. Commonly, the filter rotates using a controlled closed-loop motor, or manually with a fine protractor. This work seeks to dismiss the fine protractor or control, and still enable polarimetric imaging. Thus, the simplicity of uncontrolled amateur photography can be tamed for scientific measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-self-calibration-results-of-the-corridor-experiment-1qd0ffgz.png Table 1. Self-calibration results of the corridor experiment, with No = 21. Angle α1 is fixed, the others are variables. The random initial guesses are within ±30o of the true angles. Monotonicity is not enforced. After iterations, the results are consistent with the angular measurement errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intensity-readout-i-vs-true-analyzer-angles-atrue-m-6w9xlp9i.png Figure 5. Intensity readout I vs. true analyzer angles αtrue m , for sample regions of those marked in Fig. 2. Per region, there are two adjacent plots corresponding to different session minutes. [Top] Well-behaved regions, in each of which the plot-pair is rather consistent. [Bottom] Non-cooperative regions, which have significant inconsistencies within each plot-pair, presumably due to changes of sky lighting by cloud motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-resulting-self-calibrated-polarimetry-in-the-25nvsot2.png Figure 6. Resulting self-calibrated polarimetry in the corridor experiment. The estimated DOLP p̂o and polarization (phase) angle θ̂o are in tight agreement with values measured using the known set {αtrue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-corridor-scene-red-rectangles-show-sampled-1r838mgm.png Figure 2. The corridor scene. Red rectangles show sampled object locations, from which data of polarized radiance readings was extracted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-self-calibration-results-of-the-lab-experiment-with-1dnai0ja.png Table 2. Self-calibration results of the lab experiment, with No = 12. Angle α1 is fixed, the others are variables. The random initial guesses are within ±30o of the true angles. Monotonicity is not enforced. After iterations, the results are consistent with the angular measurement errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-intensity-readout-i-vs-true-analyzer-angles-am-for-3fz8zbod.png Figure 8. Intensity readout I vs. true analyzer angles αm, for regions marked in Fig. 7. The entire orientation domain was repeatedly sampled during several minutes. Plots show significant inconsistencies relative to a smooth-cosine model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-lab-red-rectangles-show-sampled-object-3exawijg.png Figure 7. The lab. Red rectangles show sampled object locations, from which data of polarized radiance readings was extracted. https://scispace.com/papers/self-care-technologies-in-hci-trends-tensions-and-1c6baptv4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-papers-under-different-configurations-2h15slw2.png Table XI. Papers under Different Configurations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rules-for-screening-search-results-24kj912x.png Fig. 1. Rules for screening search results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-design-approaches-the-review-papers-state-they-2kev6rke.png Table VIII. Design Approaches the Review Papers State They Adhere To https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-technology-artefacts-patients-interacted-within-1zebpzgh.png Table XII. Technology Artefacts Patients Interacted within the Studies of the Review https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-using-tiy-storni-2011-patients-were-able-to-reflect-3d9yjdbw.png Fig. 6. Using TiY [Storni 2011], patients were able to reflect about their condition in different ways, which enabled them actively to prepare for their clinical appointments, c©Cristiano Storni. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mahi-mamykina-et-al-2008-enabled-an-alternative-way-of-17wwevxz.png Fig. 7. MAHI [Mamykina et al. 2008] enabled an alternative way of communicating with clinicians, which provides regular feedback, c©ACM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-three-main-motivations-described-in-the-papers-of-2uoyh4rz.png Table VII. Three Main Motivations Described in the Papers of the Review https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-interfaces-for-making-contextual-information-3us03zw8.png Fig. 4. Two interfaces for making contextual information available are displayed. On the left, AsthmaProbes [Yun et al. 2010] represents air quality by drawing bubbles on a Claude Monet painting, c©Rosa Arriaga. On the right, TiY [Storni 2011] shows examples of tags that could be used to assign to a blood glucose measurement, c©Cristiano Storni. https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-procedures-for-generalized-valence-bond-25c3yes2kb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-sogi-and-gvb-orbitals-for-bh-1-2a-is-2r7xjob2.png FIG. 1. Comparison of the SOGI and GVB orbitals for BH(1~+). </>2a is one of the two symmetrically related nonbonding orbitals. </>aa and </>ab are the bonding orbitals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-characteristics-of-gvb-electron-pairs-in-bonds-c6myqkdn.png TABLE VI. Characteristics of GVB electron pairs in bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-gvb-orbitals-for-the-cc-bond-t-na-and-t-jb-and-a-2v048709.png FIG. 3. The GVB orbitals for the CC bond (t/na and t/>Jb) and a CH bond (q,,. and t/>2b) in ethane. -4.0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-calculations-on-the-ground-state-of-the-water-ib2o2xkw.png TABLE IV. Calculations on the ground state of the water molecule. • https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-gvb-and-sogi-calculations-for-a-the-2aucjai7.png TABLE II. Comparison of GVB and SOGI calculations for (a) the transition state of the H,+D~H+HD reaction at R12 =R,3 =1.8ao and (b) the 3II and 1II states of BH. https://scispace.com/papers/self-diffusion-and-microscopic-dynamics-in-a-gold-silicon-1awf2j63cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-self-diffusion-coefficient-of-gold-in-the-au81si19-2ucmcjrr.png FIG. 2. Self-diffusion coefficient of gold in the Au81Si19 melt measured with QENS (filled circles) as a function of inverse temperature. The dashed line is a fit to an Arrhenius function. Values from gold radiotracer experiments (open circles) are also shown20 (error bars are on the order of the symbol size), along with mean self-diffusion coefficients hDi from MD simulations21 (filled diamonds). The filled square is the self-diffusion coefficient of pure liquid gold from MD simulations.22 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-measured-s-q-x-of-the-au81si19-melt-at-1103-and-713-1sn4jroz.png FIG. 1. (a) Measured S*(q, x) of the Au81Si19 melt at 1103 and 713 K along with fits to the model in Eq. (1) (solid lines). At 713 K, the dashed, short dashed, and long dashed lines indicate the elastic, quasielastic, and background components of the total fit, respectively. (b) Rescaling of the fitted relaxation times as Dq ¼ ðhsqiq2Þ 1. The data are well described by a constant horizontal line in the limit q! 0, giving the self-diffusion coefficient of gold on an absolute scale. Error bars are on the order of the symbol size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-temperature-dependence-of-dau-left-axis-versus-1-s-34fbo360.png FIG. 4. (a) Temperature dependence of DAu (left axis) versus 1/s (right axis). The vertical axes have been scaled to highlight the similar temperature dependences of DAu and sa. The solid line is the Arrhenius fit of DAu, and the dashed line is a fit of sa to the VFT equation. (b) The product Ds is the proportionality constant between self-diffusion and structural relaxation time at a given temperature. Missing values of sa were interpolated according to the VFT fit. The horizontal lines represent the average value of Ds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-rescaling-in-q-of-u-q-t-at-1103-and-713-k-at-high-1g2ws4kn.png FIG. 3. (a) Rescaling in q of U(q, t) at 1103 and 713 K. At high temperatures, the data up to and including q¼ 1.0 Å 1 are well described with a simple exponential decay (solid line, bq¼ 1.0), while at 713 K, the line shape crosses over to a highly stretched exponential decay over all accessible q (dashed line, bq¼ 0.5). (b) Time-temperature-superposition (TTS) of U(q, t) at q¼ 1.0 Å 1. A simple exponential decay (solid line) holds over some 300 K. The stretching at 713 K implies a violation of TTS. https://scispace.com/papers/self-initiation-mechanism-in-spontaneous-thermal-5a8m3dl46n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-contour-map-of-the-triplet-potential-energy-2i32j8ut.png Figure 4. (a) Contour map of the triplet potential energy surface of ethyl acrylate: r (C1-C17) vs r (C6-C16). All energies are relative to the singlet reactant in kJ mol-1. All bond lengths in Å. Color nomenclature (highest to lowest energy): red, green, blue, magenta, light blue, yellow: (13) triplet diradical intermediate. (b) Contour map of the triplet potential energy surface of n-butyl acrylate: r (C1-C23) vs r (C6-C22). All energies are relative to the singlet reactant in kJ mol-1. All bond lengths in Å. Color nomenclature (highest to lowest energy): red, green, blue, magenta, light blue, yellow: (14) triplet diradical intermediate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flory-and-mayo-mechanisms-of-self-initiation-for-2u9gb6o3.png Figure 1. Flory and Mayo mechanisms of self-initiation for ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reaction-coordinate-plot-for-ethyl-acrylate-and-n-2whts4fk.png Figure 5. Reaction coordinate plot for ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transition-state-geometry-for-the-formation-of-nhaww0ex.png Figure 6. Transition state geometry for the formation of monoradicals in EA and nBA homopolymerizations: (16) hydrogen abstraction from a third monomer by the triplet diradical in EA polymerization, (15) hydrogen transfer from the triplet diradical to a third monomer in EA polymerization, (17) hydrogen abstraction from a third monomer by the triplet diradical in nBA polymerization, (18) hydrogen transfer from the triplet diradical to a third monomer in nBA polymerization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contour-map-of-the-singlet-potential-energy-surface-1jnamduh.png Figure 2. Contour map of the singlet potential energy surface of ethyl acrylate: r(C1-C17) vs r(C6-C16). All energies are relative to that of the reactant in kJ mol-1. All bond lengths in Å. Color scheme (highest to lowest energy): red, green, blue, magenta, cyan, yellow. The points on the low-energy pathways are connected by black lines: (1) ethyl acrylate (EA) monomers, (2) transition state (TSexo), (3) 6-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (EDP), (7) singlet diradical transition state ( ·M2s · ), (8) diradical on flat region on singlet surface, (9) diethylcyclobutane1,2-diacarboxylate (DECD). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-barrier-e0-enthalpy-h-298-and-free-energy-g-2ady4oie.png TABLE 4: Energy Barrier (E0), Enthalpy (∆H‡298), and Free Energy (∆G‡298) in kJ mol-1; Frequency Factor (A); and Rate Constant for Monoradical Formation via Hydrogen Abstraction (kHAB) and Hydrogen Transfer (kTRB) in M-1 s-1 a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-barrier-e0-enthalpy-h-298-and-free-energy-g-1py3oedi.png TABLE 3: Energy Barrier (E0), Enthalpy (∆H‡298), and Free Energy (∆G‡298) in kJ mol-1; Frequency Factor (A); and Rate Constant for Monoradical Formation via Hydrogen Abstraction (kHAE) and Hydrogen Transfer (kTRE) in M-1 s-1 a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bond-length-energy-barrier-e0-enthalpy-h-298-and-2ahemive.png TABLE 1: Bond Length, Energy Barrier (E0), Enthalpy (∆H‡298), and Free Energy (∆G‡298) in kJ mol-1; Frequency Factor (A); and Rate Constant for DA Formation in MA, EA, n-propyl acrylate (nPA), and nBA M-1 s-1 at 298 Ka https://scispace.com/papers/self-interference-of-charge-carriers-in-ferromagnetic-srruo3-3be05vjlrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-coefficienta-of-the-weak-localizationt1-2-term-is-19fgonlh.png FIG. 2. The coefficienta of the weak localizationT1/2 term is plotted against s0 21/2 , wheres0 is the residual conductivity. The data correspond to the samples reported in this article. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-plot-of-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-2f1ch5b5.png FIG. 1. ~a! Plot of the temperature dependence of the resistivities of films varying the growth conditions. CurvesB andC correspond to films witht 56 nm grown on nonvicinal and on vicinal~2°! substrates, respectively. CurvesA, D, andE correspond to films cooled from the deposition temperature at different cooling rates~A and D, slow rate;E, fast rate!. Arrows indicate the position of the minima. The fittings of ther-T curves to Eq.~3! are also shown.~b! Films A andE are plotted in a linear scale. https://scispace.com/papers/self-organization-of-decaying-surface-corrugations-a-zlqzdxw92s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-threshold-values-of-scaled-parameter-q-qh0-1-vs-domain-3p8n9n30.png FIG. 3. Threshold values of scaled parameter q =qh0 / 1 vs domain aspect ratio = 1 / 2=k2 /k1 for a transition to occur, in the absence solid line and presence dashed line of electric field Ee in the y direction drift velocity v 0 and u= 0,u2 = 1v /Ds . The downward shift of the threshold q curve indicates the enhancement by Ee of the transition. Transition is prohibited permitted for values of q 3 units below above each curve, with 1= 2=10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-log-plots-for-nondimensional-maximum-height-3j5sibgx.png FIG. 2. Log plots for nondimensional maximum height, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-log-plots-for-nondimensional-maximum-height-hm-t-hm-t-2n3xdkf8.png FIG. 5. Log plots for nondimensional maximum height, hm t =hm t /h0 left axis , and nondimensional surface energy, E t =E t x 2 / h0 3g3 y right axis , for tensor case with facets: g1 /g3 1 /h0 2=10−4, q=104, and h x ,y ,0 =h0 cos k1x cos k2y , k2 /k1= 1 / 2=11 /24, and 1=10−5, 2=0. https://scispace.com/papers/self-organizing-traffic-signal-control-with-prioritization-3skh3pj9ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-delay-and-average-speed-of-non-priority-bbl6t534.png Fig. 4. Average delay and average speed of non-priority vehicles for the LH algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-speed-of-priority-vehicles-for-the-compared-d9lcfp82.png Fig. 3. Average speed of priority vehicles for the compared algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-delay-and-average-speed-of-non-priority-3ob51jt3.png Fig. 2. Average delay and average speed of non-priority vehicles for the compared algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-road-network-24e7ewmq.png Fig. 1. Simulated road network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-delay-and-average-speed-of-non-priority-238n0xic.png Fig. 5. Average delay and average speed of non-priority vehicles for the SOTL algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compared-algorithms-1t9mnacl.png Table 1. Compared algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/self-organizing-spatial-regions-for-sensor-network-c76sls67o6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-region-detection-a-t-1-3bvgg93u.png Figure 2. Evolution of region detection. a) t = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-region-self-partitioning-a-a-scalar-field-with-4-j6pcjt81.png Figure 1. Region self-partitioning. a) a scalar field with 4 regions with different values of a property v; b) a sensor network immersed in the above field, with links representing the physical layer; c) overlay region organization with p=0,4 defining 2 regions (we show only the logical links); d) overlay region organization with p=0,05 defining 4 regions, https://scispace.com/papers/self-tuning-neuro-fuzzy-generalized-minimum-variance-lbstbpoe3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-output-signals-of-the-digital-filters-and-stnfgmv-3oq6j5t9.png Figure 5. Output Signals of the Digital Filters and STNFGMV in the Tracking Reference Test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-signals-of-the-digital-filters-and-stnfgmv-in-2y3hry09.png Fig. 6. Output Signals of the Digital Filters and STNFGMV in the Robustness Test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-final-structure-of-the-self-tuning-neuro-fuzzy-2phncwej.png Fig. 4. Final Structure of the Self-Tuning Neuro-Fuzzy Generalized Minimum Variance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-membership-function-of-the-variable-ik-3jl82laz.png Fig 3. Membership Function of the Variable Ik https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-structure-of-the-self-tuning-neurofuzzy-2xwr2dcq.png Fig. 1. General Structure of the Self-Tuning NeuroFuzzy Generalized Minimum Variance Controller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-membership-function-of-the-variables-ke-ke-pk-and-r-zkvxl1qi.png Figure 2. Membership Function of the Variables ( )ke , ( )ke∆ , Pk and ρ https://scispace.com/papers/self-validating-bundles-for-flexible-data-access-control-ewverk8rnk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s-bundle-architecture-3v6e91lk.png Fig. 2 - S-bundle architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s-bundle-consuming-flowchart-ed2aq245.png Fig. 1 - S-bundle consuming flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-s-bundle-building-flowchart-2cckvffj.png Fig. 3 - S-bundle building flowchart https://scispace.com/papers/sellar-collision-tumor-involving-pituitary-gonadotroph-2acnh2l16r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-laboratory-results-at-admission-and-after-operation-eer243cn.png Table 1 Laboratory results at admission and after operation and radiotherapy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mri-shows-a-destructively-growing-gadolinium-enhancing-yfmdltjf.png Fig. 1 MRI shows a destructively growing, gadolinium-enhancing skull base tumor in the sellar region, displacing the optic chiasm (a) with extensive calcification in CT scan (b) as well as bone erosion and infiltration of the adjacent sinuses (c) https://scispace.com/papers/sem-cathodoluminescence-studies-of-heat-treated-mgo-crystals-1tuyp68sdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-serles-of-cl-emiss-on-spectra-for-the-blue-and-near-2mb0axsr.png Fig. 1. - A serles of CL emiss~on spectra for the blue and near U.V region taken after annealing in air at 1 500 K for different time periods. The spectra have been shifted vertically to avoid confusion Oxidation alters only this blue luminescence band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-s-e-w-s-of-cl-emiss-on-spectra-taken-after-annealing-3c4qoyzc.png Fig. 3. - A s e w s of CL emiss~on spectra taken after annealing In carbon monoxide at 1 700 K for different lengths of time. These series of red bands seen in figure 2 disappear with prolonged reduction in CO, but this results in a new band with a peak at 645 nm. The blue luminescence band was again unaffected. https://scispace.com/papers/semantic-integration-in-geosciences-2sstc42r2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-dias-answer-to-q1-a-type-plutons-and-their-3es6hzhn.png Fig. 12. DIA’s answer to Q1: A-Type plutons and their geophysical properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-earth-and-planetary-ontology-epont-packages-2e936xgh.png Fig. 1. Earth and Planetary Ontology (EPONT) packages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-graphical-representation-of-an-ontology-leading-to-299eiqjh.png Fig. 5. A graphical representation of an ontology leading to automated capability of making a logical deduction through defined taxonomies and inference rules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-query-specification-through-menus-menus-are-1w52otoq.png Fig. 8. Query specification through menus. Menus are dynamically generated as per the defined ontologies, and available tools/services. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-snapshot-of-epont-planetary-material-shows-concepts-at-36n5ftut.png Fig. 4. Snapshot of EPONT: Planetary Material shows concepts at item detail level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-representation-of-registration-of-data-1tshnoyw.png Fig. 7. Schematic representation of registration of data through SEDRE and discovery/integration through DIA. Using the defined ontologies, users can register/discover the data. SEDRE’s interface allows easy tagging of data items to ontology terms. For instance, SO2 columns in the data sets are mapped to respective terms in the ontology. The mappings are also tagged using longitude, latitude, elevation, etc. coordinates to enable efficient access. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-type-plutons-in-a-region-in-virginia-18ai44l0.png Fig. 11. A-Type Plutons in a region in Virginia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-using-markup-languages-and-ontologies-for-integration-191hlhcr.png Fig. 2. Using Markup Languages and Ontologies for Integration — Heterogeneous data items can be represented through Markup languages (if any), and/or mapped to defined ontology(ies) for detailed representation. https://scispace.com/papers/semantically-rich-oblivious-access-control-using-abac-for-5e2c74givj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-attributes-for-a-document-named-shipment-values-for-20b09vcn.png Fig. 4: Attributes for a document named Shipment, values for each attribute are: belongsTo - AtlanticFleet, createdBy - Davis, accessType - Read, hasConfLevel - Secret. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-attributes-for-a-user-named-mindy-values-for-each-uyhdd5ro.png Fig. 3: Attributes for a user named Mindy, values for each attribute are: hasClearance - Secret, hasRank - LieutenantCommander, worksAt - PacificFleet. Derived property value for hasReadAccess is true. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ontology-schema-2dchtj5q.png Fig. 2: Ontology Schema. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overall-system-architecture-dr495vb1.png Fig. 1: Overall System Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-access-broker-6pdbkvsm.png Fig. 5: Access Broker https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-file-exchange-encryption-module-2nhicgxj.png Fig. 6: File Exchange & Encryption Module https://scispace.com/papers/semi-arid-rangelands-and-carbon-offset-markets-a-look-at-the-3f0ougmvgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-market-based-mitigation-2yrui6sz.png Figure 1. Market-based mitigation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-survey-of-some-recent-carbon-offset-trading-prices-2020ph5l.png Table 2. Survey of some recent carbon offset trading prices (dollars per metric ton of CO2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-site-in-the-santa-rita-experimental-range-near-1la3wf9q.png Figure 3. Site in the Santa Rita Experimental Range near Rincon Peak, Arizona, used to calibrate the EPIC model. Vegetation includes Lehmann lovegrass, cholla, prickly pear cactus, burroweed, mesquite. Photo by M. McClaran. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-soil-carbon-accumulations-due-to-grazing-removals-3iv04sl7.png Figure 2. Soil carbon accumulations due to grazing removals were simulated for 12 STATSGO soil profi les located near the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER) and the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch (AWRR) in southern Arizona. https://scispace.com/papers/semi-analytical-modelling-of-variable-stiffness-laminates-3dxovl52nn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eigenvalues-for-isotropic-plate-containing-a-cut-out-21sk2luf.png Table 1 Eigenvalues for isotropic plate containing a cut-out under uniform compressive displacement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-second-eigenmode-for-the-variable-stiffness-laminate-1odg7lg2.png Fig. 18 Second eigenmode for the variable stiffness laminate, with and without cut-out. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-loads-obtained-from-the-semi-analytical-model-3u8y6uih.png Fig. 7 Loads obtained from the semi-analytical model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-g-distribution-for-the-90-0-75-b-laminate-under-1qw09vzm.png Fig. 16 #G distribution for the [90± < 0|75 >]B laminate, under uniform compressive displacement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-fibre-path-for-the-laminate-with-layup-90-0-75-b-and-2la40rx8.png Fig. 13 Fibre path for the laminate with layup [90± < 0|75]B and with a circular cut-out. https://scispace.com/papers/semiannual-progress-report-of-the-light-armor-materials-3ci4tg625d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-spectrochemical-analysis-of-b-e-b-and-be-b-from-4d1ze1pf.png Table A-2. Spectrochemical analysis of B e . B and Be„B from two vendors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-measured-elast-ic-proper-t-ies-of-beryll-ium-12qz6tgd.png Table A-4. Measured elast ic proper t ies of beryll ium compounds (Ref. 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-p-roper-t-i-e-s-of-beryl-l-ium-boride-compounds-4e6v77i3.png Table A-3 . P roper t i e s of beryl l ium boride compounds (Ref. 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-ball-ist-ic-l-imits-for-30-cal-sharp-2qcv5w2f.png Fig. 12. Experimental ball ist ic l imits for .30-cal sharp steel projecti les with high-purity A l 2 O a backed by 6061-T6 aluminum (6 X 6 X 1/4 in.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-typical-fracture-pat-terns-on-the-surface-of-1ap1dojp.png Fig. 11. Typical fracture pat terns on the surface of ballistically impacted B e 4 B targe ts with b.ii average gra in size in the predominantly in tergraru lar fracture zone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-size-distribution-curves-of-the-debris-l-e-s-s-than-21354cdd.png Fig. 16. Size distribution curves of the debris l e s s than 45 /um in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-size-distribution-curves-of-the-debris-less-than-45-vsh8rep1.png Fig. 17. Size distribution curves of the debris less than 45 iim in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-size-distribution-curves-of-debr-is-from-2e64q7fs.png Fig. 14. Size distribution curves of debr is from baTlisticaTly frac tured Be .B ta rge t s . https://scispace.com/papers/sensitive-superoxide-detection-in-vascular-cells-by-the-new-47wqjuq0lv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-angiotensin-ii-induced-superoxide-production-aortic-1tbn8muy.png Fig. 7. Angiotensin II-induced superoxide production. Aortic rings prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with angiotensin II (AII, 100 nM ) for 4 h in vitro and the superoxide formation determined using the L-012-CL assay. The SOD-inhibitable portion of the CL signal is depicted. While vanadate (100 ÌM ) did not affect signals in control vessels it significantly increased the superoxide-induced L-012-CL in angiotensin II-treated aortic rings (n = 10, * p ! 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-specificity-of-l-012-for-superoxide-low-concentrations-2kldcbnm.png Fig. 1. Specificity of L-012 for superoxide. Low concentrations of superoxide (xanthine 100 ÌM, XO 1 mU/ml) markedly enhanced the L-012 signal. High concentrations of H2O2 (1 mM ) and the ONOO– donor SIN-1 (10 ÌM ) induced only a small increase in L-012 signal. The effect of SIN-1 was abolished by SOD (200 U/ml). The NO donor SNAP (0.1 mM ) did not influence the L-012 background signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-l-012-did-not-undergo-redox-cycling-a-in-cytochrome-c-6i4ud7oo.png Fig. 3. L-012 did not undergo redox cycling. a In cytochrome c assay the X/XO-induced (xanthine 100 ÌM, XO 1 mU/ml) superoxide formation was assessed as described in Methods. b Addition of L-012 (100 ÌM ) did not affect this reaction. c In the presence of vanadate (100 ÌM ) the SOD-dependent part of cytochrome c reduction was significantly attenuated. d L-012 did not affect the vanadatemediated effects on cytochrome c reduction. Data are presented as mean B SEM of 4 experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-vanadate-on-pma-induced-l-012-cl-in-vascular-2d1x668p.png Fig. 4. Effect of vanadate on PMA-induced L-012-CL in vascular cells. a Endothelial cells were treated with PMA (1 ÌM ) and /or vanadate (100 ÌM ) and the intensity of L-012-CL was measured for 15 min. The combination PMA/vanadate markedly potentiated the L-012-CL which was blocked by preincubation of the cells with either SOD (200 U/ml) or the PKC inhibitor staurosporine (100 nM ). The data represent the mean B SEM of 6 experiments. * p ! 0.05, ** p ! 0.01 vs. control; # p ! 0.01 vs. PMA/vanadate. b In separate experiments, aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PMA/vanadate as described above (n = 6). https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-analysis-of-geometrical-parameters-to-study-379fxdwbld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-patient-specific-model-used-as-a-reference-to-jufckex4.png Figure 2. a) Patient-specific model used as a reference to create the synthetic left atria (LA) model. the ideal one including a realistic left atrial appendage (LAA). b-e) Synthetic LA integrated with four different patient-specific LAA geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vortex-structures-during-systole-and-diastole-in-2ojdrnn5.png Figure 7. Vortex structures during systole and diastole in the timepoints reaching maximum velocity peaks. Four samples in the times 0.23 s, 0.46 s and 1.03 s. The visualization of vortex were created computing the q-criteria and applying the range 3-50 s−2. The color map corresponds to the velocity magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cumulative-histogram-for-oscillatory-shear-index-1i90pcoi.png Figure 10. Cumulative Histogram for oscillatory shear index (OSI) for the four LAA morphologies (Sample 1-4). Left and right column show diastole and systole cardiac phases, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-advanced-haemodynamic-indices-tawss-time-averaged-29zw6wj3.png Table II. Advanced haemodynamic indices. TAWSS: time-averaged wall shear stress; OSI: Oscillatory shear index; RTT: relative residence time; ECAP: endothelial cell activation potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-atrial-appendage-laa-geometrical-parameters-31aue8c4.png Figure 3. Left atrial appendage (LAA) geometrical parameters: LAA height (H), LAA depth (H0), maximum and minimum ostium diameters (DMax, DMin, respectively) and depth (OsD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cumulative-histogram-for-time-averaged-wall-shear-3b160clx.png Figure 11. Cumulative Histogram for time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) for the four LAA morphologies (Sample 1-4). Left and right column show diastole and systole cardiac phases, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mitral-valve-spatial-average-outflow-velocity-for-2cghhlkm.png Figure 5. Mitral valve spatial average outflow velocity for different left atrial appendage (LAA) morphologies (Sample 1-4) with the average dimensions (AA) of all remaining morphological parameters (pulmonary veins and mitral valve areas, LA volume), including one case without LAA (LAAO) simulating its occlusion. As a reference, the mitral valve inflow velocity pattern from Fernandez-Perez et al. [9] is also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-blood-flow-velocity-in-the-ostium-of-the-395tgpyq.png Figure 6. Average blood flow velocity in the ostium of the four different LAA morphologies (remaining shape descriptors fixed to average values, AA). a) Systole; b) Diastole. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-the-surface-orographic-gravity-wave-drag-to-41hxo2394t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fraction-of-the-time-at-which-ri-1-1-3-over-3klrm56v.png Figure 5. Fraction of the time at which Ri−1 > 1/3 over Antarctica during the decade 2006-2015 for (a) DJF at the BLH, (b) JJA at the BLH, (c) DJF at the SDH, (d) JJA at the SDH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-drag-enhancement-by-shear-a-c-and-absolute-31356hj7.png Figure 8. Drag enhancement by shear ((a),(c)) and absolute enhancement of the GWD stress (in Pa) ((b),(d)) over Antarctica, with shear corrections computed at the BLH ((a),(b)) and at the SDH ((c),(d)), during JJA for the decade 2006-2015, using subgrid-scale orography with an elliptical horizontal cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-drag-enhancement-over-antarctica-for-the-decade-26gtug7t.png Figure 6. Drag enhancement over Antarctica for the decade 2006-2015, using an axisymmetric subgrid-scale orography approximation for (a) DJF at the BLH, (b) JJA at the BLH, (c) DJF at the SDH, (d) JJA at the SDH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-orography-aspect-ratio-g-assuming-that-the-2hg35hte.png Figure 7. (a) Orography aspect ratio (γ), assuming that the subgrid-scale orography within each grid box can be represented by a mountain with an elliptical horizontal cross-section, and (b) absolute value of orientation angle (|φ|) of that elliptical mountain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histogram-of-the-orientation-of-the-shear-vector-2vqq0bnh.png Figure 9. Histogram of the orientation of the shear vector relative to the orography over Antarctica, during the decade 2006-2015 for JJA at the BLH. 0° and 90° correspond to flow across and along a mountain ridge, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/sensitized-near-ir-luminescence-of-lanthanide-complexes-1yjeef78d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1h-nmr-spectrum-ctpd-ligand-in-thf-d8-resonances-from-13jxdhiq.png Fig. 1 1H-NMR spectrum CTPD ligand in THF-d8. Resonances from the keto form are marked by red arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lifetimes-and-quantum-yields-of-the-ln-diket-3-tpy-3bvpi5e5.png Table 3 Lifetimes and quantum yields of the [Ln(diket)3(tpy)] complexes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nir-emission-spectra-of-ctpdand-er-ctpd-3-tpy-2-0-y-10-9tckdub9.png Fig. 8 NIR emission spectra of CTPDand [Er(CTPD)3(tpy)] 2.0 ¥ 10-5 M in MeCN (lex = 410 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-homo-and-lumo-orbitals-of-b-diketone-derivatives-3a1wf3xz.png Fig. 7 HOMO and LUMO orbitals of b-diketone derivatives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-nir-emission-spectrum-of-a-solid-state-2upazsmn.png Fig. 9 Normalized NIR emission spectrum of a solid state sample of [Nd(CTPD)3] at 10 K (lex = 400 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-deprotonated-cnpd-in-thf-d8-pczuts8d.png Fig. 4 1H-NMR spectrum of deprotonated CNPD in THF-d8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-of-ctpd-and-cnpd-in-2a0gnqxu.png Fig. 5 UV-Vis absorption spectra of CTPD and CNPD in acetonitrile (MeCN), chloroform and cyclohexane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photoluminescence-spectra-of-ctpd-and-cnpd-33eg973h.png Fig. 6 Photoluminescence spectra of CTPD and CNPD. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-fault-detection-and-isolation-for-nonlinear-systems-58mx61bd6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sensor-fault-reconstruction-estimation-for-mass-26y4eqre.png Figure 1: Sensor fault reconstruction/estimation for Mass-Spring system (58)–(59) (Upper: fault signal; Middle: reconstruction signal; Bottom: Estimation signal where the dashed line is the estimation signal and the solid line is the fault signal) https://scispace.com/papers/sensorimotor-training-alters-action-understanding-24mcutvcjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-a-representative-participant-on-the-xajcn45n.png Figure 3. Performance of a representative participant on the weight judgement task. 5 6 The slopes for the weight judgement task were subjected to Analysis of Variance 7 (ANOVA) with between-subjects factor of training group (mirror, counter-mirror) and 8 within-subjects factor of session (pre-training, post-training). Neither of the main effects 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-standard-error-of-the-mean-performance-on-a-3rqmf1ug.png Figure 2. Mean ± standard error of the mean performance on A. the weight judgement and B. 3 the duration judgement tasks in the two training groups before and after training. β values 4 indicate the regression line slope. Counter-mirror training reduced performance on the weight 5 judgement task, whereas performance on the duration judgement task was unaffected by 6 training. 7 8 Performance was assessed by regressing participants’ judgements for each video onto 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confirmatory-analyses-demonstrating-the-same-237hlwlm.png Table 1. Confirmatory analyses demonstrating the same patterns of significance for the 11 weight judgement task across all units of analysis. 12 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshots-from-an-exemplar-box-lifting-video-19-16po9f03.png Figure 1. Screenshots from an exemplar box lifting video. 19 20 Stimuli for the duration judgement task were based on the 450g weight video, which 21 was edited by removing or adding frames to the action part of the video such that the hand 22 was visible for five different durations (83, 88, 93, 98, and 103 frames; videos were presented 23 at 25 frames per second). Two additional videos were constructed, in which the hand was 24 https://scispace.com/papers/sensorimotor-cognitive-couplings-in-the-context-of-assistive-5btzmpchtu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cognitive-characteristics-and-balance-abilities-as-a-dwk3y6fs.png Table 1. Cognitive characteristics and balance abilities as a function of age group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participant-navigating-in-one-of-the-virtual-zoos-2y9mpnfu.png Figure 1. Participant navigating in one of the virtual zoos supported by the virtual guide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-logarithmic-means-in-navigation-performance-error-dz8q9nus.png Figure 4. Logarithmic means in navigation performance. Error bars represent standard error of the logarithmic mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5b-variability-in-participants-shift-on-the-treadmill-235wzcia.png Figure 5b. Variability in participants’ shift on the treadmill (VPS) in left-right direction as a function of age group and navigational conditions. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-variability-in-participants-shift-on-the-treadmill-2n78ku6y.png Figure 5b. Variability in participants’ shift on the treadmill (VPS) in left-right direction as a function of age group and navigational conditions. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-user-perspective-while-walking-on-the-treadmill-2b2eijh1.png Figure 3. The user perspective while walking on the treadmill with (a) no support, (b) the virtual guide (red line), and (c) the overview map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-the-topographies-used-in-the-3o0fja9v.png Figure 2. An example of the topographies used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/separate-ct-reconstruction-for-3d-wavelet-based-noise-4kr97ddq6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-noisy-example-slice-with-10-hu-contrast-at-the-edge-c-2sj8sasz.png Fig. 4. Noisy example slice with 10 HU contrast at the edge (c = 0, w = 200), together with regions used for quantitative evaluation of noise and resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-noise-reduction-rate-and-edge-mzeuwfti.png Fig. 5. Comparison of noise reduction rate and edge-preservation of denoising with correlation based weighting and the combination of correlation and significance weights in 2D and 3D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-noise-reduction-method-3nyre0ia.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the noise reduction method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-denoising-results-of-different-approaches-for-a-cta-of-1rld0x7m.png Fig. 3. Denoising results of different approaches for a CTA of a liver, displayed with c = 200 and w = 700. The corresponding difference images are displayed with c = 0 and w = 200. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-denoising-results-for-a-thoracic-slice-displayed-with-tnosw3jv.png Fig. 2. Denoising results for a thoracic slice, displayed with c = 50 and w = 400. Difference images are displayed with c = 0 and w = 100. The corresponding correlation based weight and the combinations with orientation dependent significance weights are shown for the first decomposition level (0 corresponds to black, 1 corresponds to white). https://scispace.com/papers/separated-antecedent-and-consequent-learning-for-takagi-3klvxj2011 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-encoding-scheme-for-nonlinear-antecedent-parameters-in-24j2p8fa.png Fig. 2. Encoding scheme for nonlinear antecedent parameters in a TakagiSugeno fuzzy system https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-fuzzy-modelling-methods-on-non-linear-3qi0niuu.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF FUZZY MODELLING METHODS ON NON-LINEAR 6-DIMENSIONAL DATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-learning-strategy-by-iterative-hybrid-training-of-6pzidq3g.png Fig. 1. Learning strategy by iterative hybrid training of antecedent and consequent parameters https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-dependent-three-interaction-site-tis-model-for-2l1svaib0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-sp-bond-length-left-and-sps-2iv3qvbp.png Figure 2: Distribution of the SP bond length (left), and SPS bond angles (right) from PDB database mining (red bars). The blue curves are fits to Gaussian functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-decay-of-tangent-correlations-with-the-contour-32reuemb.png Figure 8: The decay of tangent correlations with the contour length in ssDNA for the dT40 sequence (left), and dA40 sequence (right). The correlation function corresponding to dA40 shows oscillatory behavior indicating the presence of helical structure within the chain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-variation-of-the-persistence-length-lp-with-17e7tyxj.png Figure 10: The variation of the persistence length (lp) with salt concentration for the dT40 (red) and dA40 (blue) sequences computed from the simulation. The solid curves are fits of the simulation data to the OSF theory (Eq. (20). The lp values reported by Pollack and coworkers,57 using a combination of SAXS and smFRET experiments, are shown as green open circles. The triangles denote the experimental data of Ha and coworkers.54 The open square with error bar represents the experimental data of Kuznetsov et al.,55 for a dT hairpin at 0.1 M. The brown polygon denotes the lp value reported by Bauer and coworkers 56 for a dT100 sequence at 0.1 M using FCS experiments. The filled squares denote the persistence lengths estimated by using coarse-grained models with a resolution similar to ours: data in brown are from Plotkin and coworkers,12 oxDNA (purple),13 3SPN0 (teal),74 3SPN.2 (cyan),14 and 3SPN2C(orange).75 We do not include the data for 3SPN123 as it lies outside the experimental range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-the-decay-of-tangent-correlations-with-contour-dlqls80b.png Figure 9: Left: The decay of tangent correlations with contour length for the poly(dT), at different ionic strengths. The dashed curves denote fits to a single exponential. The solid lines denote fits to a double exponential. Middle: A semi-log plot of the data, showing the exponential decay at large length scales. Right: Log-log plot of the tangent correlations, showing evidence of power law behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-top-the-force-extension-behavior-of-ssdna-the-3kxgftt4.png Figure 11: Top: The force extension behavior of ssDNA. The profiles correspond to a salt concentration of 0.5 M. The z-axis denotes the extension, z, normalized by the contour length, L. The red curve denotes the force extension profile for poly(dT). The blue curve denotes the profile for poly(dA). A distinct plateau appears in the force-extension profile due to helix-coil transition (see inset). In contrast, the force-extension curve for poly(dT) follows the conventional worm-like chain behavior. The dashed line corresponds to the critical force (∼ 3 pN) at which the extension of the poly(dT) chain exceeds that of poly(dA). Middle: Representative snaphots of the poly(dA) and poly(dT) sequences at 3 pN. The arrows represent the direction of the applied force. While poly(dA) consists of stacked helical domains, poly(dT) is mostly unstacked. Bottom: Helix-to-coil transition in the poly(dA) sequence that results in a plateau in the force-extension profile. In snapshot (a) the strand is under a tension of 3 pN, and helical domains persist throughout the chain. Snapshot (b) corresponds to a tension of 17 pN, where approximately two helical domains remain. In snapshot (c), the strand experiences a tension of 30 pN, and no visible helical domains exist in the chain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dependence-of-the-radius-of-gyration-rg-on-the-1woplv9x.png Figure 6: Dependence of the radius of gyration Rg on the number of nucleotides for a dA (left), and dT oligomer (right). The filled circles with errorbars are the simulation results at salt concentrations of 0.125 M (red), 0.225 M (blue), and 1.025 M (green). The open circles are experimental data from Sim et al.64 The solid lines are fits to the scaling law with Rg = A0N ν . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-enthalpies-h-entropies-s-and-melting-temperatures-tm-o6e4vxzq.png Table 2: Enthalpies ∆H, entropies ∆S, and melting temperatures Tm of single-stranded DNA stacks derived in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-coarse-graining-procedure-underlying-the-tis-3l6uh7d8.png Figure 1: The coarse-graining procedure underlying the TIS-DNA model. Each nucleotide is represented by three beads: one for the sugar, base, and the phosphate. These residues are represented using the same color code in the all-atom, and the TIS-DNA representations. As shown above, in the case of a twelve base pair duplex, the number of degrees of freedom reduces from 1458 to 210 upon coarse-graining. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-legislative-lobbying-under-political-certainty-5cuhn75q3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-hurdle-factor-in-lognormal-model-1k3tteri.png Table 1: Optimal Hurdle Factor in Lognormal Model. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-tunneling-and-inelastic-cotunneling-in-3ue9321o56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-current-voltage-i-v-characteristics-as-a-function-of-20r67hm7.png FIG. 4. Current-voltage I-V characteristics as a function of temperature for a monolayer and b tetralayer arrays measured along the array plane. Panels c and d are log-log plots of the data in panels a and b , respectively. The current scales in panels a and b are normalized with respect to the current at fixed bias voltage of 5 V to bring out the increasing nonlinearity as temperature is reduced. The solid lines in panels a and b correspond to power-law fitting curves of the form I V . The exponents obtained from these fits have uncertainties of 0.2 to 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-voltage-i-v-characteristics-as-a-function-of-2eas2itm.png FIG. 3. Current-voltage I-V characteristics as a function of temperature for a bilayer, b trilayer, and c tetralayer arrays measured in the direction perpendicular to the array plane. Panels d , e , and f are log-log plots of the data in panels a , b , and c , respectively; the solid lines are guides to the eye corresponding to power laws with exponents as indicated. The current scales in panels a – c are normalized with respect to the current at fixed bias voltage 0.4 V in a , 0.6 V in b , and 0.9 V in c to bring out the increasing nonlinearity as temperature is reduced. The solid lines in panels a – c correspond to power-law fitting curves of the form I V . The exponents obtained from these fits have uncertainties of 0.1 to 0.2 in panels a and b , and 0.3 in panel c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-low-bias-magnetotransport-data-for-a-monolayer-2bjvr8xt.png FIG. 7. Low bias magnetotransport data for a monolayer measured in plane at a 400 mK and for a bilayer measured in perpendicular direction at b 5 K. In both cases the field was applied perpendicular to the sample plane, i.e., perpendicular to the current flow in a and parallel to it in b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-image-of-a-bilayer-nanoparticle-array-on-a-35lhggxv.png FIG. 1. Optical image of a bilayer nanoparticle array on a Si3N4 window substrate. The top and bottom electrodes light rectangular strips are oriented perpendicular to one another. The large dark rectangle is the window area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmission-electron-microscopy-tem-images-of-hius8i89.png FIG. 2. Transmission electron microscopy TEM images of nanoparticle arrays used in the experiments: a monolayer, b bilayer, c trilayer, and d tetralayer. The main panels show close-up views of the highly ordered particle arrangement. The bottom insets in a – d display diffraction patterns computed by fast Fourier transform. The top insets are zoomed out images of the area covering the region between the in-plane electrodes of the monolayer a , and the region near the bottom electrodes of bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer measured in perpendicular direction b – d . The dark regions in these insets are the electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-dependent-zero-bias-conductance-of-a-3ko6metk.png FIG. 5. Temperature-dependent zero-bias conductance of a monolayer measured in-plane, and of a bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer where I-V measurements were orthogonal to the sample plane. The inset shows Arrhenius behavior in the monolayer with I-V measurements performed in the lateral direction, and in the trilayer and tetralayer with I-V measurements taken perpendicular to the sample plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-cotunnel-distance-as-a-function-of-temperature-1otjewc6.png FIG. 6. Typical cotunnel distance as a function of temperature for a trilayer and b tetralayer arrays measured in perpendicular direction, and for a c monolayer measured in plane. The distance is given as the number j of junctions along a chain of particles involved in the cooperative cotunnel process. The plots compare the dependence extracted from the zero-bias conductance dotted lines with the values for j obtained directly from the I-V power-law exponents in the small bias regime. https://scispace.com/papers/serum-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-levels-and-cocaine-4itu1v3ufh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-the-study-1tmozoc4.png Figure 1. Flow Diagram of the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-m-and-standard-deviations-sd-of-brain-derived-37b8kfxg.png Table 3. Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) among healthy controls and cocaine addicted patients with and without psychotic symptoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-features-by-patients-with-or-3m8gxnnq.png Table 1. Sociodemographic features by patients (with or without psychosis) and control groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-information-of-patients-includes-10zqgmvw.png Table 2. Clinical information of patients. Includes consumption data, craving, depression and anxiety measures at detoxification treatment baseline. VAS: Visual Analogic Scale Craving for cocaine; CCQ: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire; CSSA: Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-standard-deviations-statistical-signification-3fjxwmsu.png Table 4. Mean, standard deviations, statistical signification and non-parametric correlations with BDNF change of symptom improvement in patients with and without psychotic symptoms. Por coherencia conceptual, el cambio en BDNF se ha calculado teniendo en cuenta https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplot-of-serum-bdnf-levels-se-rum-bdnf-levels-ng-2nwkdvds.png Figure 2. Boxplot of serum BDNF levels. Se- rum BDNF levels (ng/ml median) repre- sented in order from left to right for: (1) the control group, (2) nonpsychotic patients at baseline, (3) nonpsychotic patients after 12 days of early detoxification treatment, (4) psychotic group of patients at baseline and (5) psychotic group of patients after 12 days of early detoxification treatment. Statistically significant differences in se- rum BDNF levels between groups are reported in table 3 . https://scispace.com/papers/serum-cytokines-associated-with-behavior-a-cross-sectional-30joi4idmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adjusted-associations-between-selected-variables-and-fa7df0uy.png Table 3 Adjusted associations between selected variables and high-risk of behavioral problems. Weighted mean Odd Ratios (OR), weighted 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and Variable Inclusion Probability (VIP) for each of the variables selected by the Elastic Net in the analysis of MI-R datasets are shown. The VIP was used as a measure of the stability of an association as it can be interpreted as the posterior probability of including a given variable in the model (cf. 2.7.3 for complete definition). Only variables with VIPs above 90% are presented in Table 3. In the OR column, positive (shaded red) and negative (shaded blue) associations are indicated. Supplementary Table 3 details the results for all 42 variables included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationships-between-covariates-confounders-2eqdqknw.png Fig. 1. Relationships between covariates, confounders, predictors and outcomes. Diagram showing possible inter-relations between selected maternal, perinatal, psychosocial and child's variables and serum cytokine levels (predictors) and/or child's behavioral outcome. Arrows depict documented or supposed influence between variables. BMI, body mass index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-population-variables-bmi-body-mass-index-sd-2ghqjwp1.png Table 2 Study population variables. BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; Min., minimum; Max., maximum; N/A, non-available (N/A) values; Min., minimum; Max., maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-serum-cytokine-concentrations-the-minimum-min-rdyyzagy.png Table 1 Serum cytokine concentrations. The minimum (Min.), maximum (Max.), median and mean concentrations, standard deviation (SD), 5% and 95% percentiles, the LLOD, the LLOD/2 (imputed when concentrations were below LLOD) and the proportion of serum samples in which cytokine concentrations were below LLOD, are indicated for the 27 biomarkers assessed. Filled circles: variable included. https://scispace.com/papers/serum-resistance-and-phase-variation-of-a-nasopharyngeal-non-4nzc31dgah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacterial-strains-used-1us81eth.png Table 1: Bacterial strains used https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oligonucleotides-used-1bgagkwa.png Table 2: Oligonucleotides used https://scispace.com/papers/serum-mirna-signatures-are-indicative-of-skeletal-fractures-1vtibz1rom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-all-23-regulated-mirnas-in-nondiabetic-73akza82.png Table 3. All 23 Regulated miRNAs in Nondiabetic Postmenopausal Women With and Without History of Fragility Fractures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-venn-diagrams-showing-results-from-differential-2zsvcgiu.png Fig. 2. Venn diagrams showing results from differential expression analysis by fracture status. (A) The white circle represents all miRNAs that were found differentially upregulated in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women with history of fragility fractures (DMFx), the gray circle encompasses all upregulated miRNAs in nondiabetic osteoporotic women with history of fragility fractures (Fx). Upregulation of three miRNAs (has-miR-330-3p, miR203a, miR-550a-5p) overlaps between both groups. (B) Overlap of downregulated miRNAs between DMFx and Fx groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-mirna-overexpression-on-the-proliferation-182r1zgq.png Fig. 6. Effects of miRNA overexpression on the proliferation and differentiation capacity of human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) that were derived from three independent female donors. (A) Transfection of miR-mimics of miR-188-3p, miR-382-3p, andmiR-550a-5p resulted in successful induction ofmiRNA expression of up to 32,000-fold in comparison to a nontargeting negative control RNA as confirmed by qPCR normalized to U6 small RNA. Shown are the results of three independent experiments using each time hASCs from a different independent donor. (B) Effect ofmiRNA overexpression on cell proliferation. No significant changes were observed in cell proliferation after miRNA transfection compared to negative control (one-way ANOVA, n¼ 3). (C, D) Effect of miRNA overexpression on osteogenic differentiation. Fold changes in (C) alkaline phosphatase activity (day 7) and (D) in mineralized surface based on Alizarin red staining (day 21) were analyzed to assess osteogenic differentiation in transfected versus negativecontrol samples. miR-188-3p andmiR-382-3p significantly induced osteogenic differentiation, whereasmiR-550a-5p inhibited osteogenic differentiation (one-way ANOVA, n¼ 3 per group). (E, F) Effect of miRNA overexpression on adipogenic differentiation. Fold changes in (E) triglyceride content normalized to protein content and in (F) PPARg mRNA expression were analyzed as biomarkers of adipogenic differentiation in transfected versus negative-control samples. Although miR-188-3p did not affect adipogenic differentiation, miR-382-3p and miR-550a-5p showed an inhibitory effect on adipogenic differentiation (one-way ANOVA, n¼ 2 per group). Significant differences were calculated using parametric t tests and are given as p< 0.05, p< 0.01, p< 0.001. FC¼ fold change. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-all-study-1sil17na.png Table 1. Descriptive Characteristics of All Study Participants With Serum miRNA Measurements (n¼ 74) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-23-regulated-mirnas-in-type-2-diabetic-3vl6pfu2.png Table 2. Top 23 Regulated miRNAs in Type 2 Diabetic Postmenopausal Women With and Without History of Fragility Fractures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-differential-mirna-expression-levels-in-the-oiwdkpji.png Fig. 5. Differential miRNA expression levels in the osteoporotic study arm. Depicted are thosemiRNAs that were present among the top 10 osteoporotic candidate miRNA signatures (see Table 5). Box-plots illustrate normalized Cq miRNA expression levels in the serum of nondiabetic postmenopausal womenwith (Fx) andwithout (Co) history of osteoporotic fractures. WhilemiR-382-3p (A), miR-188-3p (B), miR-942 (C), miR-155-5p (E), miR-377-3p (I) and miR-542-5p (J) were downregulated in Fx versus Co subjects, serum levels of miR-330-3p (D), miR-550a-5p (F) and miR-203a (G) were upregulated in Fx women relative to Controls. For intuitive interpretation of upregulation and downregulation, normalized Cq values were inverted along the y axis. Boxplots show the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles (horizontal bars) as well as 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles (error bars). p< 0.05; p< 0.01; p< 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-top-10-candidate-mirna-signatures-model-size-of-4-1iq01z8c.png Table 5. Top 10 Candidate miRNA Signatures (Model Size of 4) Showing the Highest Discriminatory Ability to Differentiate Between Nondiabetic Postmenopausal Women With (Fx) and Without Prevalent Fractures (Co) According to the AUC Value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differential-mirna-expression-levels-in-the-diabetic-2iy56tfl.png Fig. 4. Differential miRNA expression levels in the diabetic study arm. Depicted are those miRNAs that were present among the top 10 diabetic candidate miRNA signatures (see Table 4). Box-plots illustrate normalized Cq miRNA expression levels in the serum of type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women with (DMFx) and without fragility fractures (DM). While miR-550a-5p (A), mir-96-5p (B), miR-32-3p (C), miR-181c-5p (D), miR-19b-1-5p (F), miR203a (G), miR-500a-5p (H), miR-485-5p (I) and miR-375 (J) are significantly upregulated in DMFx versus DM subjects, miR-382-3p (E) was significantly downregulated. For intuitive interpretation of upregulation and downregulation, normalized Cq values were inverted along the y axis. Box-plots show the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles (horizontal bars) as well as 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles (error bars). p< 0.05; p< 0.01; p< 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/service-orientation-and-the-smart-grid-state-and-trends-39m15ye1t8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-information-exchange-across-layers-u6363jjz.png Fig. 2 Information exchange across layers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-physical-organization-of-the-power-grid-source-13kesh5b.png Fig. 1 The physical organization of the power grid (Source adapted from Wikipedia) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-smart-grid-framework-source-nist-24yadytm.png Fig. 3 Smart Grid framework (Source NIST) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nist-conceptual-reference-diagram-for-smart-grid-mwdqynn7.png Fig. 4 NIST conceptual reference diagram for Smart Grid information networks (Source NIST) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-information-exchange-standards-in-smart-grid-domain-8t5nmbq1.png Fig. 5 Information exchange standards in Smart Grid domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-similarities-and-differences-between-traditional-soa-3r4l33kv.png Table 1 Similarities and differences between traditional SOA and energy-oriented SOA https://scispace.com/papers/service-provider-perceptions-of-posttraumatic-growth-2z9ya7lpd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-repeated-measures-anovas-comparing-3hk3i2p8.png Table 2: Results of Repeated-Measures ANOVAs comparing Service Users' Self-Reported Posttraumatic and Case Managers' Perceptions of Service users' Posttraumatic Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-service-users-who-participated-with-3oso9cqy.png Table 1: Comparison of service users who participated with those who did not consent to have their case managers rate their PTG https://scispace.com/papers/sex-and-credit-is-there-a-gender-bias-in-lending-4vkalrw23t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-interest-rate-and-officer-borrower-age-difference-2z4ky3n3.png Table 11: Interest rate and officer-borrower age difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-demand-for-a-second-loan-branch-size-competition-and-2m6t7jve.png Table 6: Demand for a second loan, branch size, competition, and loan officer experience with opposite-sex borrowers https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-arrears-30-days-branch-size-competition-and-loan-1ww5o3cx.png Table 15: Arrears > 30 days, branch size, competition, and loan officer experience with opposite-sex borrowers https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-demand-for-a-second-loan-by-socio-economic-status-3hndu91p.png Table 7: Demand for a second loan by socio-economic status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-for-differences-in-borrower-characteristics-for-60zgalu9.png Table 2: Test for differences in borrower characteristics for the credit-demand sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-interest-rate-branch-size-competition-and-loan-3urzej9g.png Table 10: Interest rate, branch size, competition, and loan officer experience with oppositesex borrowers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-credit-demand-sample-axfzad30.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics for the credit-demand sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-of-random-assignment-3otm1fg0.png Table 3: Test of random assignment https://scispace.com/papers/sex-biased-natal-dispersal-is-not-a-fixed-trait-in-a-stable-3iqo8q0uup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-distributions-of-a-territory-quality-qh8hc03j.png Figure 2. Frequency distributions of (A) territory quality index, (B) total insect numbers and (c) foliage cover in the Cousin Island population for the periods 1986–1988 and 2003– 2005. Each score, number and cover is the average of the three measurements taken across each period. Territory quality estimates are on a ratio scale and values between 0 and 1 were grouped in score 1, values between 1 and 2 in score 2, etc. Insect numbers and foliage cover are presented as absolute numbers. Insect numbers from 0 to 50 were grouped in score 50, from 50 to 100 in score 100, etc. Foliage cover from 0 to 10 was grouped in score 10, from 10 to 20 in score 20, etc. Sample sizes of both territory quality scores and foliage cover were 117 for the 1986–1988 period and 111 for the 2003–2005 period. Sample sizes of insect numbers were 14 in both periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-summaries-examining-natal-dispersal-decisions-3u0n97p1.png Table 1. Model summaries examining natal dispersal decisions (yes/no dispersal) of yearling Seychelles warblers (N = 304) in relation to sex of the yearling and year of birth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-yearly-proportion-of-seychelles-warbler-males-27b5rbgh.png Figure 1. The yearly proportion of Seychelles warbler males and females that dispersed from their natal territory within a year of birth. Only years from which the dispersal history of at least four males and four females were known are included in the figure. Numbers above bars are sample sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-3raepibs.png Figure 2. Frequency distributions of (A) territory quality index, (B) total insect numbers and (c) foliage cover in the Cousin Island population for the periods 1986–1988 and 2003– 2005. Each score, number and cover is the average of the three measurements taken across each period. Territory quality estimates are on a ratio scale and values between 0 and 1 were grouped in score 1, values between 1 and 2 in score 2, etc. Insect numbers and foliage cover are presented as absolute numbers. Insect numbers from 0 to 50 were grouped in score 50, from 50 to 100 in score 100, etc. Foliage cover from 0 to 10 was grouped in score 10, from 10 to 20 in score 20, etc. Sample sizes of both territory quality scores and foliage cover were 117 for the 1986–1988 period and 111 for the 2003–2005 period. Sample sizes of insect numbers were 14 in both periods. https://scispace.com/papers/sex-specific-speed-accuracy-tradeoffs-shape-neural-11vvhs9p8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-of-a-simple-averaging-model-compared-to-36wasp8b.png Figure 1 – Performance of a simple averaging model compared to male behavior 291 A Bidirectional acoustic communication during mate search in the grasshopper C. biguttulus. 292 B Schematic of the paradigm – two speakers were placed on either side of the male, artificial female song is played, 293 and the direction of the male turning response is scored. Directional cues are provided by each syllable and arise 294 from level differences (sound on one speaker only, blue) or timing differences (sound on one speaker delayed by 295 4ms, red). Both cue types are known to elicit turning responses in males. 296 C Difference in the correlation of different thirds of the 12 syllable songs observed in behavior and estimated from the 297 stimulus statistics. The beginning tends to be more, the middle and end less influential on behavior than expected 298 from the stimulus statistics. See Fig. S2 for details and number of stimuli. 299 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sex-specific-speed-accuracy-trade-offs-arise-from-2barpdey.png Figure 3 – Sex-specific speed-accuracy trade-offs arise from differential integration dynamics. 358 A Males and females differentially resolve speed-accuracy trade-offs when responding to acoustic communication 359 signals. Females (magenta) pay high costs from errors and therefore maximize their accuracy by deliberation at the 360 cost of speed. Males (gray) face intense competition with other males and trade accuracy in favor of speed. 361 B, C Integration dynamics tune decision making to the sex-specific speed-accuracy trade-offs. Shown is the 362 integrated information (bottom) for females (magenta) and males (gray) for stimuli (top) with unequivocal (B) and 363 conflicting (C) information. Integrated information is scaled relative to the decision thresholds to facilitate the 364 comparison between sexes. For females, individual stimulus elements correspond to species-typical (gray) and 365 untypical (orange) patterns. Species-typical cues have low weight and are not sufficient to fix decisions before song 366 end (B). Conflicting (negative) cues have a strong weight and practically veto positive responses (C). For males, the 367 stimuli correspond to directional cues. Individual cues have high weight, which accelerates decisions (black 368 arrowhead) for unequivocal information (B). Long integration times improve accuracy when cues are conflicting (C). 369 See also Table S2. Female data from [29]. 370 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-drift-diffusion-model-ddm-reproduces-the-behavior-1v1e17m7.png Figure 2 – A drift-diffusion model (DDM) reproduces the behavior well and reveals dynamics of temporal 301 integration. 302 A DDM responses for a 12-syllable stimulus (top) with the first 6 syllables containing timing cues (red) away from the 303 reference speaker (-), and 6 syllables with level cues (blue) towards the reference speaker (+). Each cue type is 304 assigned a weight (height of bars, top). Stimulus information is integrated noisily and a decision towards the 305 reference (+) or opposite (-) speaker is fixed when the decision threshold is crossed. Thin black lines indicate 1000 306 runs with independent noise realizations. Colored lines highlight example runs that cross the negative threshold 307 (green), the positive threshold (purple), or no threshold (orange), in which case the decision is determined by the sign 308 of the evidence at song end (+). 309 B Proportion of turns towards the reference speaker in model and behavior. Color indicates cue composition of the 310 songs. Diagonal line corresponds to perfect match between model and behavior. All points are close to that line 311 (r2=0.86). 312 C R2 between model predictions and behavioral data for the best fitting model (DDM) compared to that of a simple 313 averaging model for different data subsets (see legend). The best fitting model outperforms the simple averaging 314 model in particular for stimuli with mixed (purple, stimuli containing timing and level cues) and conflicting cues 315 (yellow, stimuli with cues from both sides). 316 D Mean decision time (syllable at which threshold is crossed) for seven stimuli with matching patterns (lines) but level 317 (blue) or timing (red) cues. Consistent with their higher weight in the model, level cues drive decisions by about 1 318 syllable earlier (p=0.008, left-sided sign test). See Fig. S4 for the decision time distributions for each of the stimuli 319 depicted here. 320 E Decision times for short songs with 5 syllables (top, N=66 stimuli) and long songs with 12 syllables (bottom, N=83 321 stimuli). For most long songs, integration reaches threshold before song end. For nearly all short songs, integration 322 fails to cross threshold. Short song mostly contained timing cues (Fig. S1). Numbers in the last bar indicate the 323 probability of not reaching the threshold for the two stimulus sets. 324 F Correlation of behavior with the average directional cue over the full song for short and long songs. The failure of 325 threshold crossing before song end for short songs (E, top) leads to integration over the full song and a higher 326 correlation with the average directional cue. There is no “level” stimulus set for this analysis since our data set did not 327 contain such stimuli for short songs (cf. C, Fig. S1). 328 329 https://scispace.com/papers/sex-hormones-adjust-sex-specific-reactive-and-diurnal-3onjvltahh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-1ceywi25.png Table 1 Sample characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-dimorphism-of-complement-dependent-microglial-j0xidugnf8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-description-of-samples-used-in-this-study-m-33fnpepo.png Table 1: Detailed description of samples used in this study. M, postnatal months; pcw, post-conceptional 106 weeks (prenatal); Y, postnatal years. 107 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enriched-kegg-pathways-in-differentially-expressed-kn7cdfth.png Figure 1: Enriched KEGG pathways in differentially expressed genes in males versus females in cortical 215 brain development per stage. Stages 4-7: Prenatal; Stages 9-15: Postnatal; NS=non-significant. 216 217 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-50-differentially-expressed-genes-in-male-versus-do8n1it5.png Table 2: Top 50 differentially expressed genes in male versus female at prenatal Stage 7 (before 253 birth) cortical development. Ranking is based on the adjusted p-value (top=lowest p-value). Genes 254 that are discussed in the text are marked with an asterisk. 255 256 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hierarchical-clustering-of-logfc-fold-change-males-3ce8il4a.png Figure 2: Hierarchical clustering of logFC (Fold Change=Males/Females) of expression of Complement 232 cascade (KEGG pathways) in males versus females. Clustering was performed only on rows (genes). 233 Red=Upregulated in males versus females; Blue=Upregulated in females versus males; Stage 7=Before birth; 234 Stage 9=After birth. 235 236 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hierarchical-clustering-of-logfc-fold-change-males-ipt2auow.png Figure 3: Hierarchical clustering of logFC (Fold Change=males/females) of expression of microglia-mediated 284 synaptic pruning genes in males versus females. Red=Upregulated in males versus females; 285 Blue=Upregulated in females versus males; Stage 7=Before birth; Stage 9=After birth. 286 287 The small number of samples at each stage of development is a limiting factor in the current 288 analysis. However, the signal appears robust under various analyses including combining Stage 289 6 and 7 (Supplementary File 4). 290 https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-reproduction-in-the-fungal-foliar-pathogen-50htct0vwk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-fitness-traits-and-yield-components-assessed-lw6124p1.png Table 1. List of fitness traits and yield components assessed during the asexual and sexual stages for the five Zymoseptoria tritici crosses on adult wheat plants. https://scispace.com/papers/shadow-economies-at-times-of-banking-crises-empirics-and-2mjam3na5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predicting-banking-crises-2tov80bt.png Table 4: Predicting banking crises https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-2ymttyt6.png Table 1: Parameter values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-analysis-steady-state-shares-of-the-1wzj931q.png Table 2: Sensitivity analysis: steady state shares of the shadow economy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sectoral-output-correlations-financial-shock-3d7azn7y.png Table 3: Sectoral output correlations Financial shock Productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-responses-to-a-financial-shock-low-share-of-1n5u7oqp.png Figure 4: Impulse responses to a financial shock. Low share of the shadow economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impulse-responses-to-financial-crises-cumulated-1gjp1qag.png Figure 3: Impulse responses to financial crises, cumulated losses. Total economic activity; robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-responses-to-a-financial-shock-high-share-2t1j1bwe.png Figure 5: Impulse responses to a financial shock. High share of the shadow economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impulse-responses-to-a-productivity-shock-2bicxafy.png Figure 6: Impulse responses to a productivity shock. https://scispace.com/papers/shame-and-emotion-regulation-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease-3n4x8dupe2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1bg7l4ae.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/shape-from-shading-using-wavelets-c0oij93fzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-results-for-the-detection-of-objects-in-rgv67f14.png Table 4. Evaluation Results for the detection of objects in the test set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-detection-and-vh97ccvb.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the detection and classification process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-high-jump-image-with-the-detected-horizontal-bar-3uyjcor9.png Figure 2. A high jump image with the detected horizontal bar, body and face. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-spatial-rules-2tjv5z6i.png Table 1. Example of spatial rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-results-for-the-detection-of-objects-the-2sn97byk.png Table 2. Evaluation Results for the detection of objects. The first three columns correspond to the number of occurrences of instances of each object class, the recall and precision of the object detection method. The following three columns are percentages in respect to the object correctly identified, conveying information about the area matching: mean area Recall (MAR), mean area precision (MAP) and Mean Area Match between annotations (MAM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-results-for-image-classification-332mogah.png Table 3. Evaluation results for image classification – Confusion matrix https://scispace.com/papers/shape-optimization-of-2d-hydrofoils-using-an-isogeometric-5gtoy81xwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-definition-2y12veh3.png Table 1: Parameters’ definition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-approximation-of-a-naca-4412-profile-using-the-1lseupa6.png Figure 6: Approximation of a NACA-4412 profile using the parametric model. Max. deviation 0.1% of chord length https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-various-instances-of-the-hydrofoil-parametric-model-348hcsn3.png Figure 7: Various instances of the hydrofoil parametric model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-potential-distribution-around-a-naca-4412-profile-7qh5leos.png Figure 2: Potential distribution around a NACA-4412 profile at 5 deg. angle of attack and comparison with low-order panel method (L denotes the chord length). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parametric-model-of-a-hydrofoil-and-its-defining-3ko7hc2y.png Figure 5: Parametric model of a hydrofoil and its defining parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-instances-of-the-hydrofoil-parametric-model-on-the-4dzm5nu4.png Figure 11: Instances of the hydrofoil parametric model on the Pareto front depicted in Figure 10. Decreasing lift coefficient in a left-to-right, top-to-bottom fashion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pareto-front-for-the-inverse-of-the-average-lift-3dfuisbg.png Figure 10: Pareto front for the inverse of the average lift coefficient and the area-deviation criteria. Average lift coefficient computed for 1, 3 and 5 degrees of angle of attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-naca-4412-along-with-an-optimized-instance-on-the-2i1s3phm.png Figure 9: NACA-4412 along with an optimized instance on the Pareto front of Figure 8. https://scispace.com/papers/sharp-bounds-on-zagreb-indices-of-cacti-with-k-pendant-tqs3s9m1kc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graphs-c1n-c2n-c3n-and-c4n-3jhr067v.png Figure 8: Graphs C1n,C2n,C3n and C4n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphs-h7-and-h8-1lqyvsl6.png Figure 6: Graphs H7 and H8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graphs-c1-n-k-c2-n-k-and-c3-n-k-2g4mf40g.png Figure 7: Graphs C1(n, k), C2(n, k) and C3(n, k). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphs-g1-g2-h1-and-h2-22ajbuo9.png Figure 1: Graphs G1, G2, H1 and H2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-g3-and-g4-1rdlbtkt.png Figure 2: Graphs G3 and G4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-h3-and-h4-1o51hsxp.png Figure 4: Graphs H3 and H4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphs-h5-and-h6-1kzcahci.png Figure 5: Graphs H5 and H6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphs-g5-g6-g7-and-g8-1q8idfl0.png Figure 3: Graphs G5,G6,G7 and G8. https://scispace.com/papers/shear-capacity-of-a-novel-joint-between-corrugated-steel-web-1owm8pczxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-calculated-shear-strength-kaouyprl.png Table 4 Comparison of calculated shear strength https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-shear-strength-from-test-fea-and-1332lbjh.png Table 5 Comparison of shear strength from test, FEA and calculation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-parameters-k1x5ml0u.png Table 1 Experimental parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-slip-and-shear-stiffness-2eueh4b9.png Table 2 Peak slip and shear stiffness https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulated-models-for-push-out-test-specimens-1ywsp0fz.png Table 3 Simulated models for push-out test specimens https://scispace.com/papers/shear-deformation-of-nano-and-micro-crystalline-olivine-at-48lnctyz5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-images-a-and-b-forward-scattered-electron-images-361mrosn.png Fig. 8. SEM images: (a) and (b) Forward scattered electron images of the deformed San Bernadino olivine 989; (c) Forward scattered electron images of the deformed San Carlos olivine 1007 and (d) 1012. The three samples were deformed at the same velocity (1 m/s), but have di erent nal slip (0.94 m of slip for 989, 0.97 m of slip for 1007 and 0.07 m of slip for 1012). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-strain-rate-stress-space-comparison-between-the-21rdiwm7.png Fig. 16. Strain rate – Stress space. Comparison between the results from this study (quasi- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-rose-diagram-the-orientation-of-the-long-axis-of-the-2qvitjdf.png Fig. 13. Rose diagram: the orientation of the long axis of the olivine grains relative to the shear plane. The sample of San Carlos olivine (1007) was deformed at 1 ms-1 to 1 m of slip and is representative for all the deformed samples of this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-estimates-a-calculated-temperature-as-a-2tjll30q.png Fig. 5 Temperature estimates: (a) Calculated temperature as a function of displacement and (b) friction coefficient as a function of temperature for San Carlos olivine 1007 deformed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-pole-figures-for-olivine-samples-lack-of-well-defined-1rboq0u1.png Fig. 11. Pole figures for olivine samples: Lack of well-defined crystallographic preferred orientation in olivine aggregates in a lower hemisphere equal-area projection (see Table 2 for details). N indicates the number of grains and j stand for J-index (see materials and methods section for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-strain-rate-stress-space-comparison-between-the-d7hmady2.png Fig. 16. Strain rate – Stress space. Comparison between the results from this study (quasi- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-assembly-a-sample-set-up-for-torsion-3qxlypnr.png Fig. 1. Experimental assembly: (a) sample set up for torsion experiments; (b) top and bottom piston with sample post torsion; (c) recovered chips of deformed samples; (d) mounting step before epoxy impregnation; (d) polishing strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microstructural-parameters-obtained-from-ebsd-maps-2275xyti.png Table 2 Microstructural parameters obtained from EBSD maps of San Carlos and San Bernardino olivine samples. The samples are ranked as a function of increased final slip. We recall that the initial grain size for both batches of olivine powders was 70 ± 2 µm. All samples were deformed at 1 m s-1, except for 1095, which was deformed at 0.47 m s-1. https://scispace.com/papers/shear-stress-statistics-and-wall-similarity-analysis-in-1uitnw4z66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-shear-stress-profiles-for-all-experiments-1j6ffx0r.png Fig. 8. Shear stress profiles for all experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fractional-contribution-of-relative-covariance-versus-u3g04bbx.png Fig. 3. Fractional contribution of relative covariance" versus threshold levelH at four flow depths and time fraction of hole eventT (z=h = 0:5; H ), for Experiment C. The notationN [x] represents the number ofx values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-fractional-covariance-and-time-fractions-1gextf64.png Fig. 5. Comparison of fractional covariance and time fractions of" and" versus flow depth at twoH = H threshold levels for experiment A (smooth) and experiment D (rough bed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-iso-contours-of-high-shear-patterns-and-fluctuating-1ylqpt4t.png Fig. 1. Iso-contours of high shear patterns and fluctuating velocity field at centerline of the channel for (a) theV (u ; w ) velocity vector (in Exp. A), (b) the V (u ; w ) velocity vector (in Exp. D), (c) theV (v ; w ) velocity vector (in Exp. A), and (d) theV (v ; w ) velocity vector (in Exp. D). https://scispace.com/papers/sheet-erosion-on-intermountain-summer-ranges-1fkpxam05g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correction-factors-for-slope-gradient-19bbtkio.png Table 1 .- -Correction factors for slope gradient https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-soil-erosion-on-the-trinity-7owz39il.png Figure 15. —Soil erosion on the Trinity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-versus-actual-soil-erosion-on-the-montana-1z9svkzy.png Figure 6.—Estimated versus actual soil erosion on the Montana study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sheet-erosion-on-gbea-as-affected-by-total-cover-2tmws5cq.png Table 3 .--Sheet erosion on GBEA as affected by total cover (plants, litter, and stone) and soil bulk density (surface 4 inches) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-1vkvdecl.png Figure 1 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-versus-actual-soil-erosion-on-2gbjjx6q.png Figure 8. —Estimated versus actual soil erosion on https://scispace.com/papers/sheep-in-wolf-s-clothing-using-the-least-squares-criterion-576mrb3y6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monte-carlo-simulation-results-16gyhigm.png Table 1: Monte Carlo Simulation Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-execution-time-ratio-1p3jafya.png Figure 2: Execution time ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-local-order-statistics-of-bivariate-design-162yk4t7.png Figure 1: Local order statistics of bivariate design https://scispace.com/papers/shifting-horizons-reflections-on-qualitative-methods-4071mty53r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-picture-was-created-by-a-boy-we-interviewed-in-3lwpam72.png Figure 1 This picture was created by a boy we interviewed in one of our studies of divorce (see Smart et al., 2001: 50). The drawing is of two houses with a wall between them. There is a little door in the wall (bottom right) through which the child could pass whenever he was moving from his mother’s house to his father’s. But the child has also drawn himself with one half of him on one side of the wall and the other half on the other side, he is cut in two. https://scispace.com/papers/shielding-against-design-flaws-with-field-repairable-control-4kytiiuknn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-field-repairable-control-logic-1-matcher-detects-a-3laanvu4.png Figure 1: Field Repairable Control Logic. 1. Matcher detects a state associated with a bug. 2. Pipeline is flushed to a known state. 3. Processor runs in degraded mode. 4. Processor resumes normal mode operation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-escaped-design-errors-reported-in-1j9kde1x.png Table 1: Classification of escaped design errors reported in [1,2,3,9] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-impact-of-recovery-3khesks1.png Figure 3: Performance Impact of Recovery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-specificity-of-design-error-detection-a34g9fto.png Figure 2: Specificity of Design Error Detection https://scispace.com/papers/shock-acceleration-of-solar-energetic-protons-the-first-10-3u85jamq7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-in-the-first-cell-upstream-of-a-ir-at-72s-8d46wbni.png Fig. 2.— Evolution in the first cell upstream of (a) IR+ at 72s intervals, (c) Dµµ at t = 576s at indicated rigidities, and (e) pitch-angle distributions at indicated times. The lower panels (b), (d), and (f) show the same respectively in the first cell downstream. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-proton-intensity-spectra-at-the-first-cell-upstream-3vvpbomj.png Fig. 1.— (a) Proton intensity spectra at the first cell upstream. (b) 12.3 MeV proton intensity spatial profiles. (c) 48.2 MeV proton µ-diffusion coefficientsD±µµ vs µ due to outward and inward Alfvén waves at the first cell downstream at t = 72 s and 576 s. ∆µ = 1/20. https://scispace.com/papers/shining-examples-analysed-within-the-ebc-annex-56-project-zuajo3e41c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-18-shining-examples-collected-and-documented-2aaz602e.png Table 1 The 18 Shining Examples collected and documented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-the-energy-consumption-bef-2866n66i.png Fig. 3. Overview of the energy consumption bef https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-energy-consumption-before-and-after-26dfi709.png Fig. 2. Overview of the energy consumption before and after energy retrofit for the four single-family buildings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-energy-consumption-before-and-after-1v6hxzrl.png Fig. 1. Overview of the energy consumption before and after energy retrofit for the two public building cases. https://scispace.com/papers/shock-free-ferroelectric-liquid-crystal-displays-with-high-id64kfqqcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contrast-ratio-of-cells-containing-mixtures-a-y-and-b-2deyfa7f.png FIG. 1. Contrast ratio of cells containing mixtures A y and B y , respectively, vs concentration of chiral compounds 1a and 1b , respectively before and after application of mechanical stress geometrical deviation 60% . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contrast-ratio-vs-surface-anchoring-energy-before-and-3bz4wr5f.png FIG. 2. Contrast ratio vs surface anchoring energy before and after mechanical deformation geometrical deviation 60% . https://scispace.com/papers/shockwaves-in-spillways-with-the-particle-finite-element-148wmzyo7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-process-of-node-injection-at-an-inlet-3jtul8mg.png Fig. 2: Schematic process of node injection at an inlet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-between-the-empirical-estimate-for-the-1enfcj1u.png Fig. 15: Comparison between the empirical estimate for the shockwave front angle β1 and the numerical results. The magnitude of the velocity component perpendicular to the main flow direction is plotted for better visualisation of the shockwave location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chute-bend-the-expected-empirical-values-for-hmax-and-30m32d4r.png Fig. 4: Chute bend. The expected empirical values for hmax and θ are overimposed on the numerical results. Left: Case B1; R = 3.25m. Right: Case B2; R = 4.25m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shock-waves-in-a-contraction-local-maxima-in-the-axis-wrs82hgx.png Fig. 5: Shock waves in a contraction. Local maxima in the axis (dotted line) and in the walls (solid line). Adapted from [24] https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-experimental-and-empirical-results-for-r7c92lch.png Table 6: Comparison of experimental and empirical results for the flow depth maximum behind piers with b = 2m and i = 0.469 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-geometry-of-the-piers-in-case-study-2-top-and-that-3m2bzm3f.png Fig. 19: Geometry of the piers in Case Study #2 (top) and that for the equivalent semi-elliptical and rectangular (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-detail-of-the-upstream-reach-of-the-chute-the-cut-24cja5ro.png Fig. 18: Detail of the upstream reach of the chute. The cut highlights the flow depth maxima due to the roostertails. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-numerical-results-for-160-m3-s-left-and-450-m3-s-1bfvksy9.png Fig. 17: Numerical results for 160 m3/s (left) and 450 m3/s (right). The location of the flow depth maxima is highlighted. https://scispace.com/papers/short-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency-305imorbyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genotype-ema-c4-c-and-clinical-signs-and-symptoms-in-23dau4nq.png Table 3. Genotype, EMA, C4-C, and clinical signs and symptoms in 6 SCADD patients and 9 relatives with an ACADS genotype identical to the proband https://scispace.com/papers/short-grbs-in-old-populations-magnetars-from-wd-wd-mergers-40kwny4dqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-of-the-combined-masses-of-mergers-2m67wq8e.png Figure 3. The distribution of the combined masses of mergers of CO white dwarfs, where each component is picked to favour mass ratios close to unity as described in section 3. The red dotted line shows the mass distribution of double degenerate systems which contain a magnetic white dwarf. As can be seen it is charaterised by a higher mean mass, due to the differing shape of the magnetic white dwarf mass function. The dashed vertical line represents the Chandrasekhar mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mass-distributions-assumed-for-this-work-the-2w372pmx.png Figure 2. The mass distributions assumed for this work. The non-magnetic white dwarf distribution has been taken from Liebert, Bergeron & Holberg (2005) while the magnetic distribution is assumed to be flat over the mass range of 0.5 < M < 1.4, as is shown in the hatched area. The relative numbers of white dwarfs in each population are those assumed here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-distribution-of-white-dwarf-magnetic-fields-1uv83gkd.png Figure 1. The distribution of white dwarf magnetic fields seen in mCVs (black line - 33 stars taken from Norton et al. 2004) and isolated white dwarfs (red dashed line - 148 stars with B > 2MG, taken from Wickramasinghe & Ferrario 2000, Schmidt et al. 2003; Vanlandingham et al. 2005). For magnetic CVs we have converted from magnetic moment to B-field assuming that R=6 × 108cm (the radius of a mean mass (0.95 M⊙) magnetic white dwarf). A more detailed description including the effects of the white dwarf mass radius relation is given in Section 3. The inset shows the fields following collapse into a neutron star of radius 1× 106 cm. Magnetars are defined as having B > 1014G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-the-distribution-of-different-t-types-within-2zdb8lwk.png Figure 4. Top: The distribution of different T-types within the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC3 - de Vaucouleurs et al. 1995) with v < 2000 km s−1. The T-type distribution runs along the Hubble sequence between -6 (Elliptical) and 11 (Irregular), the Hubble type for a given T-type is indicated in the top pannel. Middle: The cumulative distribution of stellar mass (red dashed) and star formation (black solid) within the same velocity cut, the model for stellar mass and star formation assumed to create this is described in Appendix A. As can be seen the much of the stellar mass is maintained in early-type systems, while star formation takes place predominantly in later systems. The lower panel shows the extrapolated rates of SGRs which follow (red dashed line) stellar mass at a rate of 3.5× 10−4 yr−1 × (M/1011 M⊙) and (solid black line) follow the star formation rate as 1 × 10−4 yr−1× (SFR / M⊙ yr−1). Within the considerable uncertainties, the rates of each channel within the local universe are comparable and thus we may expect to see a correlation between the locations of short bursts and all galaxy types. The blue dot-dashed line shows the cumulative rate of SGR formation via both channels. As can be seen the rate of formation in earlier-type galaxies (T-type 4 and earlier), accounts for ∼ 70% of the total rate. https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-effects-of-bnt162b2-mrna-covid-19-vaccination-on-4lf452yyh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-participants-2vgeorpa.png Table 1. Characteristics of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-and-systemic-reactions-and-well-being-301n5k3l.png Figure 2. Local and systemic reactions and well-being indicators reported by participants through the mobile 246 application. (A) local and systemic reactions, (B) mood level, measured on a 1 to 5 Likert scale, (C) duration of 247 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-change-in-respiratory-cardiovascular-3sgpr97s.png Figure 1. Percentage of change in respiratory, cardiovascular, and physiological indicators recorded by the chest-233 patch sensor compared to their baseline levels: (A) body temperature, (B) heart rate, (C) cardiac output, (D) systemic 234 vascular resistance, (E) systolic blood pressure, (F) diastolic blood pressure, (G) respiratory rate, and (H) oxygen 235 saturation. Mean values are depicted as solid lines, 90% confidence intervals are presented as shaded regions, and 236 horizontal dashed lines represent no change compared to the baseline levels. 237 238 https://scispace.com/papers/short-recurrences-for-computing-extended-krylov-bases-for-50qp2z4b5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structure-of-an-extended-matrix-and-its-inverse-2qcjs5z6.png Fig. 3: Structure of an extended matrix and its inverse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-interpretations-of-the-extended-matrix-structure-mi4tehyo.png Fig. 2: Two interpretations of the extended matrix structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cmv-structure-2bcvdu0o.png Fig. 6: CMV structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interpretations-of-a-unitary-extended-hessenberg-2vpqismw.png Fig. 7: Interpretations of a unitary extended Hessenberg matrix and its inverse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-swapping-procedure-applied-3nm07o9p.png Fig. 10: The swapping procedure applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-graphical-representation-of-the-swapping-procedure-3bxwb3az.png Fig. 9: Graphical representation of the swapping procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-schematic-view-on-the-order-of-computation-of-the-18etrd1d.png Fig. 15: Schematic view on the order of computation of the orthonormal vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-schematic-view-on-the-order-of-computation-of-the-2bvugf23.png Fig. 13: Schematic view on the order of computation of the orthonormal vectors. https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-growth-in-children-with-congenital-adrenal-3dviquq229 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-auxological-and-clinical-data-of-5-children-with-cah-268ga4n9.png Table 1. Auxological and clinical data of 5 children with CAH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-original-height-measurements-dots-a-and-estimated-1yk12pxy.png Fig. 1. Original height measurements (dots; a ) and estimated height and height velocity curves (lines; b ) in subject 1 and estimated height velocity curves (lines) in subjects 2 ( c ), 3 ( d ), 4 ( e ) and 5 ( f ). Growth stasis was defined as any period in which the height velocity curve fell below 0.007 cm/day. https://scispace.com/papers/should-tort-damages-be-multiplied-46c4dcry0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-23k1fe9v.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1hby7ugy.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3tjqlwkz.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-28yww26w.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/shrinkage-behaviour-of-flowable-resin-composites-related-to-1jlztrlace 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-dependence-of-shrinkage-strain-for-point-4-3p2pm2n9.png Fig. 1 – Time-dependence of shrinkage-strain for Point 4 Flowable at 23 and 37 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-dependence-of-shrinkage-strain-for-x-flow-at-23-1qm5udtq.png Fig. 2 – Time-dependence of shrinkage-strain for X-Flow at 23 and 37 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flowable-composites-codes-and-sources-3rbr2tnn.png Table 1 – Flowable composites: codes and sources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dc-at-23-8c-for-the-flowable-resin-composites-1tzqk6e0.png Fig. 4 – DC (%) at 23 8C for the flowable resin-composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-between-mean-shrinkage-strain-maxima-after-3holebu0.png Fig. 3 – Correlation between mean shrinkage-strain maxima after 60 min at 23 and 37 8C and percent filler for the flowable resin-composites. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-degradation-due-to-output-filtering-of-self-seeded-5fyiinw9o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-optical-pulse-with-inherent-smsr-of-37-db-b-2buadebv.png Figure 2: (a) Optical pulse with inherent SMSR of 37 dB (b) Optical spectrum with inherent SMSR of 37 dB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-and-b-optical-spectra-with-inherent-smsr-of-30-db-2b9fw1eh.png Figure 4(a) and (b): Optical spectra with inherent SMSR of 30 dB and 15 dB respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-optical-pulse-with-inherent-smsr-of-30-db-b-3800h1qe.png Figure 3: (a) Optical pulse with inherent SMSR of 30 dB (b) Optical pulse with inherent SMSR of 15 dB https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-change-in-noise-floor-with-decreasing-inher-nt-smsr-2t0cakey.png Table 1: Change in noise floor with decreasing inher nt SMSR (offset from carrier = 1 GHz) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optical-spectra-with-output-smsr-of-30-db-a-b-9yiglvft.png Figure 5: Optical spectra with output SMSR of 30 dB (a) & (b) inherent SMSR of 30 dB & 15 dB respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-for-the-ssgs-pulse-degradation-2uvky92d.png Figure 1: Experimental set-up for the SSGS pulse degradation characterization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rf-spectrum-of-ssgs-pulses-exhibiting-various-2dpxf2mf.png Figure 6: RF spectrum of SSGS pulses exhibiting various inherent SMSRs https://scispace.com/papers/side-weir-flow-on-a-movable-bed-3cqhdcd8dk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-and-notations-a-plan-view-b-front-view-c-cross-3s6zcx8t.png Fig. 1. Sketch and notations: (a) plan view; (b) front view; (c) cross section (w and h are measured at the main channel centerline) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-qs-qu-ratio-as-a-of-function-of-f1-f2-for-different-ouxzwh9v.png Fig. 2. Qs=Qu ratio as a of function of f1=f2 for different values of dimensionless bottom step height Δz , according to Eq. (6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-bed-longitudinal-profiles-a-along-the-channel-36d8vii7.png Fig. 3. Typical bed longitudinal profiles: (a) along the channel centerline at different experimental phases; (b) along different lines at Experimental Phase 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-the-theoretical-and-observed-io9nv5l4.png Fig. 5. Comparison between the theoretical and observed spilled discharge ratios as a function of f1=f2; experimental results from Rosier (2007) are also reported https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spilled-discharge-ratio-for-observed-versus-predicted-2mut00ay.png Fig. 6. Spilled discharge ratio for observed versus predicted data; dashed lines represent the 20% error interval with respect to the observed data; Rosier (2007) experiments are characterized by Δz < 0.1 https://scispace.com/papers/significance-of-thermal-transitions-on-starch-digestibility-10rnc2pet3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-single-effects-of-design-factors-teff-2tsfg6pb.png Table 3.- Significant single effects of design factors (teff, green pea and buckwheat flours) on the gelatinization and amylose-lipid complex dissociation thermal parameters, and on Avrami kinetic parameters for crumb firming and starch retrogradation during storage of composite breads. Levels of design factors were: 1 (7.5 g/100 g flour) and 2 (15 g/ 100 g flour). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dsc-thermograms-of-wheat-based-mixed-doughs-22ojk5hf.png Figure 1.- DSC thermograms of wheat-based mixed doughs formulated with teff (T), greenpea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours during starch gelatinization. Three digit code refers to low (0) ang high (1) wheat flour replacement by T:GP:BW flours in sample formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significant-pearson-correlations-p-0-05-p-0-01-si47xps8.png Table 5.- Significant Pearson correlations (p<0.05 *, p<0.01 **) between thermal and starch hydrolysis and firming kinetic parameters of composite breads. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2nd-order-significant-interactions-p-0-05-of-rate-of-cydmi0jj.png Table 4.- 2nd order significant interactions (p<0.05) of rate of wheat flour replacement by low (1) and high (2) dose of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) –design factors- on the gelatinization and amylose-lipid complex dissociation thermal parameters, and on Avrami kinetic parameters for crumb firming and starch retrogradation during storage of composite breads. Levels of design factors were: 1 (7.5 g/100 g flour) and 2 (15 g/ 100 g flour). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proximate-chemical-and-nutritional-composition-of-hw5d7qps.png Table 1.- Proximate chemical and nutritional composition of composite breads (per 100 g fresh blended bread). https://scispace.com/papers/signs-of-wildlife-activity-and-eucalyptus-wandoo-condition-365iw38ach 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-number-of-scats-collected-from-wandoo-7f7hu9km.png Table 3. The number of scats collected from Wandoo Conservation Park and Dryandra Woodland from 12 species of known and unknown vertebrates over one year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-diggings-recorded-from-wandoo-25d8w9e8.png Table 2. The number of diggings recorded from Wandoo Conservation Park and Dryandra Woodland (96 trees, total 960 m2) attributed to six vertebrates species and unknown species over one year https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tree-and-habitat-characteristics-measured-on-the-96-n1nim25z.png Table 1. Tree and habitat characteristics measured on the 96 trees at Wandoo Conservation Park and Dryandra Woodland https://scispace.com/papers/silhouette-based-pose-estimation-for-deformable-organs-2czpladsst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-error-mm-of-manual-rigid-registration-and-our-39di32sh.png Fig. 5. Average error (mm) of Manual rigid registration and our method in the 3 views of the cameras. 4 deformations are evaluated and all the method is performed using both S and D(S) models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-error-in-mm-during-the-simulation-steps-for-various-2mvpmvr3.png Fig. 6. Error in mm during the simulation steps for various perturbations of the initial rigid transformation provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sensitivity-to-partial-contours-yellow-points-are-the-3it8pfro.png Fig. 7. Sensitivity to partial contours. Yellow points are the contour that is conserved to apply constraints and red dots are the ground truth 3D positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-application-to-liver-surgery-left-and-kidney-right-2wv4dfdk.png Fig. 8. Application to liver surgery (left) and kidney (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiple-solutions-both-configurations-have-the-same-1fqffo62.png Fig. 1. Multiple solutions: both configurations have the same projection in the camera view and minimize the energy between internal forces of the FE model and projective constraints. Both of them are a local minimum of equation (2). The simulation will converge towards the closest solution from the initial positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projective-constraints-definition-the-visible-outline-3li3kwcf.png Fig. 3. Projective constraints definition. The visible outline of the model is extracted with respect to the camera position 3(a). An ICP method is performed to bind the segmented contour in the image with the projected contour of the 3D model 3(b). Finally constraints are projected back on the 3D model without any constraints along the depth of the camera 3(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-method-1-a-direct-simulation-d-s-is-2ai62n44.png Fig. 2. Overview of the method: 1) A direct simulation D(S) is applied to transform the reconstructed model obtain from the segmentation (red) in a shape close to the 3D position observed in the image (green). 2) A Rigid transformation (blue) is provided by the user to roughly align the model with the contour of the organ segmented in the image (yellow). 3) Projective constraints are applied to the biomechanical model to fit the organ’s contour and finally provide the 3D shape with respect to the camera position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-validation-setup-a-silicone-gel-is-seen-by-3-webcams-1muhzhrz.png Fig. 4. Validation setup. A silicone gel is seen by 3 webcams in different 2D views. Markers are placed on the surface of the gel and tracked by Optitrack system providing 3D positions used for the validation. https://scispace.com/papers/silica-surface-features-and-their-role-in-the-adsorption-of-2hhuc04ksj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-59-water-cluster-adsorbed-on-amorphous-silica-drawn-eb6q9yrx.png Figure 59. Water cluster adsorbed on amorphous silica. Drawn with data from Ref. 641 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-76-interaction-of-lys-a-and-glu-b-with-a-hydroxylated-wxqdhnv9.png Figure 76. Interaction of Lys (a) and Glu (b) with a hydroxylated (001) edingtonite surface model (drawn from data of Ref. 321 ) computed at the ONIOM2(B3LY/6-311++G(d,p):MNDO level). (c) Schematic representation of the dominant configuration obtained for zwitterionic Lys interacting with a hydroxylated -quartz surface model in aqueous solution using classical MD simulations (drawn from data of Ref. 660 ). Water molecules have been omitted for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-dft-studies-of-water-adsorption-on-crystalline-2ivar6tg.png Table 11. DFT studies of water adsorption on crystalline surfaces at full coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-94-optimized-most-stable-structures-of-the-2yxzamye.png Figure 94. Optimized most stable structures of the hydroquinone adsorbed on models of hydrophobic (a) and hydrophilic (b) silica surfaces based on the sanidine feldspar framework at the B3LYP-D level. The computed BSSE-corrected adsorption energies (E C ads, in kJ mol -1 ) are also reported. Bond distances in Å. Drawn from data of Ref. 426 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-amorphous-silica-surface-simulated-by-merging-1tnte8is.png Figure 21. Amorphous silica surface simulated by merging different surface terminations of the edingtonite bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-reported-stretching-c-o-values-in-cm-1-and-the-2ly52wtc.png Table 13. Reported stretching (C=O) values (in cm -1 ) and the assignments made by the authors. Figure 60 shows the chemical systems associated to these assignments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-77-pmf-typical-configurations-of-methane-a-methanol-b-arw9oge8.png Figure 77. PMF typical configurations of methane (a), methanol (b), butyl ammonium (c), benzene (d) and ethanoate (e) interacting with the (011) -quartz surface in aqueous solution. Water molecules have been removed for the sake of clarity. Adapted with permission from Ref. 595 . Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-charge-densities-from-proton-titration-of-three-2ja17k6a.png Figure 8. Charge densities from proton titration of three different silicas as a function of pH: one Aerosil, and two biological silicas. NB: “C. mulleri” refers to a biogenic silica synthesized by the diatom Chaetoceros Mulleri. Adapted with permission from Ref. 93 . Copyright 2002 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-nanocrystal-field-effect-light-emitting-devices-4fsqzoites 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-retention-characteristics-for-different-disturbance-ozph7iy1.png Fig. 10. Retention characteristics for different disturbance voltages as extracted from the integrated EL signal from region VI (see Fig. 8). (a) Hole retention. (b) Electron retention. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-silicon-nanocrystal-feled-showing-the-3gmnpnmq.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the silicon nanocrystal FELED showing the vertical dimensions of the gate stack determined using transmission electron microscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-silicon-nanocrystal-feled-die-containing-a-total-14hniftw.png Fig. 2. Two silicon nanocrystal FELED die containing a total of 36 test structures packaged together in a 40-pin ceramic dual inline package. The ring gate transistor structure is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-semiclassical-self-consistent-electrostatic-2o7d4ha8.png Fig. 11. (a) Semiclassical self-consistent electrostatic simulation of FELED in equilibrium at a gate bias of +6 V. (b) Effect of the stored charge on the potential barrier for electron tunneling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectrum-of-the-emitted-light-is-similar-for-el-el-6-1c2fgm8l.png Fig. 4. Spectrum of the emitted light is similar for EL (EL; 6 Vrms, 10 kHz) and PL (PL; 457.9 nm, 1 mW/cm2; data are shown uniformly offset by 0.5). In both the cases, the output is attributed to the recombination of the confined excitons within the silicon nanocrystals of the active layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-resolved-el-trace-demonstrates-the-correlation-2x4v8l17.png Fig. 5. Time-resolved EL trace demonstrates the correlation between light emission and gate bias transitions that correspond to the sequential programming events in a FELED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structural-characterization-of-nanocrystals-in-the-f94jpxgb.png Fig. 3. Structural characterization of nanocrystals in the active region of the device. (a) Ultrahigh vacuum noncontact AFM topography of nanocrystals exposed by etching. (b) RHEED measurements establishing crystallinity. (c) Size distribution of nanocrystals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-semiclassical-self-consistent-electrostatic-8df0bt4y.png Fig. 12. (a) Semiclassical self-consistent electrostatic simulation of the FELED in equilibrium at a gate bias of −6 V. (b) Demonstration of the effect of the stored charge on the potential barrier for hole tunneling. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-photonics-for-neuromorphic-information-processing-3fuedhopve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-error-rate-vs-total-input-power-for-different-2vfggb6h.png Figure 1: Error rate vs total input power for different injection scenarios. The minimum measurable error, given the number of bits used for testing, is 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-test-error-rates-of-normal-3ssj9v3h.png Figure 3: Comparison between the test error rates of “normal” and “cancer” cell classification, corresponding to the absence (in red) and the presence (in blue) of scatterers). A green laser source (λ = 532nm) is employed. a) Test error rate as a function of the number of employed pixels, with 5% added white noise. The darker and the lighter versions of the two line colors respectively represent the mean value and the confidence interval (of 2 standard deviations) over the 20 sample sets generated for validation. b) Test error rate (averaged on the values obtained considering Npix = 250, 260, ..., 300) as a function of the added noise percentage. In order to avoid error bar overlap, some of the blue points are slightly shifted to the right. Both the plots show that the scatterers’ presence allows for an error rate reduction up to ∼ 50%, provided that a sufficient number of pixels and a low enough noise level are considered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-classification-process-from-right-2wioatcq.png Figure 2: Schematic of the classification process. From right to left: a monochromatic plane wave impinges on a microfluidic channel containing a cell in water (nH2O ∼ 1.34), which has a low refractive index contrast (ncytoplasm = 1.37, nnucleus = 1.39); the forward scattered light passes through a collection of silica scatterers (nSiO2 ∼ 1.461) embedded in silicon nitride (nSi3N4 ∼ 2.027) and organized in layers; the radiation intensity is then collected by a far-field monitor, which is divided into bins (pixels); each pixel value is fed into a trained logistic regression, which classifies the cell as a “normal” cell (small nucleus) or as a “cancer” cell (big nucleus). The logistic regression consists of a weighted sum of the pixel values. The weights are trained so that the sum exceeds a threshold value only if a certain input class is recognized. https://scispace.com/papers/silver-doped-perfluoropolyether-urethane-coatings-1jvnia8dsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-of-fluoropolymer-coating-a-and-silver-doped-2avjvcmf.png Fig. 5. SEM of fluoropolymer coating (a) and silver doped fluoropolymer (b) after six days S. epidermidis, bacterial broth incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-non-cumulative-release-of-silver-into-fresh-pbs-media-nmfokbqb.png Fig. 1. Non-cumulative release of silver into fresh PBS media from Ag doped fluoropolymer (determined by GF-AAS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-o-1s-xps-surface-spectra-of-silver-doped-fluoropolymer-27srbixm.png Fig. 2. O 1s XPS surface spectra of silver doped fluoropolymer before and after immersion in PBS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-na-1s-xps-surface-spectra-of-fluoropolymer-and-silver-2dctpw6k.png Fig. 8. Na 1s XPS surface spectra of fluoropolymer and silver doped fluoropolymer after six days S. epidermidis bacterial broth incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-c-1s-xps-surface-spectra-of-fluoropolymer-and-silver-20yaa85z.png Fig. 6. C 1s XPS surface spectra of fluoropolymer and silver doped fluoropolymer after six days S. epidermidis bacterial broth incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-f-1s-xps-surface-spectra-of-fluoropolymer-and-silver-2zos7rsb.png Fig. 7. F 1s XPS surface spectra of fluoropolymer and silver doped fluoropolymer after six days S. epidermidis bacterial broth incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-xps-data-before-and-after-exposure-to-s-makschdt.png Table 1 Summary of XPS data, before and after exposure to S. epidermidis broth for six days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-antibacterial-activity-of-biofilm-extraction-media-3du214bv.png Fig. 9. Antibacterial activity of biofilm extraction media against planktonic S. epidermidis (CSF 41498) after exposure to silver dopedfluoropolymer (a) fluoropolymer (b). https://scispace.com/papers/simone-a-realistic-neural-network-simulator-to-reproduce-mea-4cn6q68334 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-model-parameters-1tkh4cd6.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF MODEL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spike-sorting-outcome-on-simulated-data-a-a-1-s-sample-iqjleuqi.png Fig. 8. Spike sorting outcome on simulated data. (a) A 1-s sample from the 10-s simulation. Detected spikes are marked with red dots. Actual events time location is shown below the signal. (b) Extracted spikes (over a 2.5-ms window). They are aligned with their absolute local maxima at 1 ms. (c) PCA projection over the two principal directions. Colors indicate the result of K-means clustering. (d) Actual events projected over the same PCA space as (c). Each neuron is associated with a color and events are colored accordingly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-30-odors-are-presented-through-an-qh5x4ebh.png Fig. 2. Experimental setup [30]. Odors are presented through an olfactory delivery system. A main flow of charcoal-filtered and humidified air is continuously delivered through a glass tube (A) in front of the cockroach antennae. Pasteur pipette (B), containing a filter paper with an olfactory stimulus (black arrow), is inserted into the main flow glass tube (A). Stimulus from the Pasteur pipette is controlled by an electrovan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-used-in-the-spike-detection-sorting-18v6pv5b.png TABLE II PARAMETERS USED IN THE SPIKE DETECTION/SORTING PROCESS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-compared-signals-and-simulation-scenario-a-real-1ivm8lg9.png Fig. 7. Compared signals and simulation scenario. (a) Real spontaneous response from the American cockroach antennal lobe. (b) 7 s-long simulated signal. Activity simulated for electrode . Dotted lines in Fig. 7(a) and (b) shows the mean and the threshold used to estimate the SNR. (c) Automatically generated neural network. Neurons are placed in a 2-D plane. MEA is placed at 20 m from the cells. Synapses are not shown. (d) Schematic side view of simulated scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-signals-similarity-quantification-bs5zmzyc.png TABLE III SIGNALS SIMILARITY QUANTIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-induced-spontaneous-spiking-for-neurons-1-5-1czs5x83.png Fig. 4. Typical -induced spontaneous spiking for neurons 1–5 during a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-synaptic-kernel-postsynaptic-transient-due-to-a-each-38nsnn3p.png Fig. 3. Synaptic kernel . Postsynaptic transient due to a each presynaptic spike vanishes after 25 ms. https://scispace.com/papers/simple-analysis-of-xcp-equilibrium-performance-3u2lqo50e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-feasible-values-of-a-g-for-desired-link-utilization-fate1ew9.png Fig. 2. Feasible values of α γ for Desired Link Utilization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-compensation-pseudo-code-of-xcp-sx4tkyxh.png Fig. 1. Compensation pseudo code of XCP https://scispace.com/papers/simple-displaying-method-for-genealogy-with-assisted-4fj8qu1g22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-compacted-and-recovered-operation-by-using-the-hidden-2ca5morl.png Fig. 12. Compacted and Recovered Operation by using the Hidden Node, JaBBRoW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-a-shows-the-sample-of-five-newtype-test-on-whitebase-1plziyf1.png Fig. 26(a) shows the sample of five NeWTYPe test on WHIteBasE where Individuals 001/002 are a couple, Individual 004 is a sperm donor, Individual 006 is a ovum donor, Individual 008 is a surrogate mother, Individual 010 is a surrogate ovum donor, and Individuals 012/013 are the case of planned adoption. In this sample, a lot of arcs for segment intersections are automatically displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-connection-model-of-the-whitebase-for-planned-1yc2i3i2.png Fig. 24. Connection model of the WHIteBasE for planned adoptions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-instruction-for-setting-newtype-3dlfsc1a.png Fig. 25. Instruction for setting NeWTYPe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-assisted-reproductive-technology-symbols-and-2sm44kbk.png Fig. 13. Assisted Reproductive Technology Symbols and Definitions[26] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-improved-whitebase-model-for-the-newtype-2pn8ij6t.png Fig. 23. Improved WHIteBasE model for the NeWTYPe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-symbols-for-the-newtype-362vaaev.png Fig. 22. Symbols for the NeWTYPe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-regular-family-layout-in-genealogy-fig-2-connection-dw2ruph2.png Fig. 1. A regular family layout in genealogy Fig. 2. Connection model of WHIteBasE https://scispace.com/papers/simple-channel-sensing-order-in-cognitive-radio-networks-4ysje1xypw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustration-of-the-channel-gains-of-two-secondary-7bz2x3n6.png Fig. 2. An illustration of the channel gains of two secondary users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-collision-probability-pc-of-the-proposed-channel-qz47szx9.png Fig. 8. Collision probability, Pc, of the proposed channel sensing order and a random sensing order in a multi-secondary user pair scenario vs. the number of secondary user pairs, M , for different values of N (where θ = 0.9 and p = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-resource-utilization-of-the-proposed-channel-sensing-cjr0ri4m.png Fig. 9. Resource utilization of the proposed channel sensing approach and a random channel sensing approach vs. the value of M , for different values of N (where θ = 0.9 and p = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-and-analytical-results-for-the-j7xk8s37.png TABLE II SIMULATION AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR THE PROBABILITY OF COLLISION,Pc , IN A TWO-SECONDARY USER PAIR SCENARIO VS. THE NUMBER OF CHANNELS,N , FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF θ (WHERE p = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-channel-utilization-of-our-proposed-1o24zahf.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the channel utilization of our proposed sensing approach, a random sensing approach, and the Jiang’s sensing approach [5] vs. the value of θ (where N = 512 and p = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-illustration-of-the-channel-sensing-procedure-for-a-3e57rrsp.png Fig. 1. An illustration of the channel sensing procedure for a secondary user. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-channel-utilization-of-the-proposed-channel-sensing-in-z2m0o823.png Fig. 4. Channel utilization of the proposed channel sensing in a singlesecondary user pair scenario vs. the value of θ (where N = 512). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reward-performance-of-the-proposed-channel-sensing-in-27d2rnoa.png Fig. 5. Reward performance of the proposed channel sensing in a singlesecondary user pair scenario vs. the value of N (where θ = 0.3). https://scispace.com/papers/simple-non-laboratory-and-laboratory-based-risk-assessment-58xmwvsuuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accuracy-discrimination-and-calibration-of-the-risk-34hu5u09.png Table 3 Accuracy, discrimination and calibration of the risk algorithms developed in the present study and existing risk algorithms using the de velopment (internal validation) and validation (external validation) samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-17vfxam4.png Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of subjects without a known history o f diabetes in the model development and validation samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nomogram-to-predict-the-probability-of-undiagnosed-3qjjnk1a.png Figure 1 Nomogram to predict the probability of undiagnosed diabetes based on non-labora tory- and laboratory-based risk algorithms. The patient’s score for each parameter is plotted o n the appropriate scale and vertical lines are drawn to the line of points to obtain the correspo nding scores. All scores are summed to obtain a total points score. The total points score is plo tted on the total points line and a vertical line is drawn down to the bottom line. The correspon ding value shows the predicted probability of undiagnosed diabetes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-factors-and-their-respective-risk-scores-for-2bwuv8tn.png Table 2 Risk factors and their respective risk scores for non-laboratory- and laboratory-base d risk assessment algorithms based on the development sample https://scispace.com/papers/simple-exactly-solvable-models-of-non-fermi-liquids-pufpma9myr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-function-forg-f-5sin-f-2-atk1-2-e75v2t6i.png FIG. 4. Spectral function forg(f)5sin(f/2), atk1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ground-state-momentum-distribution-forg-f-5-1-sp1-2-1ejftnnf.png FIG. 3. Ground-state momentum distribution forg(f) 5 (1/sp1/2) exp@(p2f)2/s2# and U51/2, s5p/512, p/8, p/4, p/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ground-state-momentum-distribution-forg-f-5sin-f-2-wmsl4k81.png FIG. 2. Ground-state momentum distribution forg(f) 5sin(f/2) andU51/8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ground-state-momentum-distribution-forg-f-5-p2-2f2-21-2c3oy1ti.png FIG. 1. Ground-state momentum distribution forg(f)5(p2 2f2)21/2 andU51/2. https://scispace.com/papers/simplified-implementation-of-the-heckman-estimator-of-the-4972ijitst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-bias-in-estimates-of-g-by-t-for-n-200-1883kjb6.png Figure 1: Percentage Bias in Estimates of γ by T for N=200 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-bias-in-estimates-of-g-by-n-for-t-3-32z27o9o.png Figure 2: Percentage Bias in Estimates of γ by N for T=3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unemployment-probability-model-alternative-3mj61mtj.png Table 2 Unemployment probability model: Alternative estimators with Mundlak correction for correlated individual effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unemployment-probability-model-alternative-2lsnhalx.png Table 1 Unemployment probability model: Alternative estimators https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-results-1ka3oncv.png Table 3: Simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-bias-in-estimates-of-g-by-n-for-t-5-27jm3p26.png Figure 3: Percentage Bias in Estimates of γ by N for T=5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-simulation-results-1rv7ssra.png Table 3: Simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-bias-in-estimates-of-g-by-t-for-n-1000-1bixk02w.png Figure 4: Percentage Bias in Estimates of γ by T for N=1000 https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-electron-effects-in-heavy-ion-accelerators-with-4d6362moe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-current-from-the-positive-deflector-plate-for-warp-32gbquxh.png Figure 2: Current from the positive deflector plate for WARP runs using ideal solenoid fields (blue), a field reduced by 50% near the target plate to account for eddy currents in the STX structure (magenta), and a field reduced to zero near the plate (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-through-50-to-ground-from-a-positively-aksctrhg.png Figure 1: Current through 50 Ω to ground from a positively biased deflector plate using a stainless-steel target plate (red) and a copper one (green). A 5-kV bias was used here, and similar results were found for higher voltages. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-evaluation-and-prediction-modeling-of-river-water-pj404oegks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-neuron-1uxbgflb.png Fig. 1 Simple neuron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-layer-feedforward-network-2hmkqtcj.png Fig. 3 Three-layer feedforward network https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-units-and-limits-of-input-data-289qcfnq.png Table 2 Units and limits of input data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-t-ph-ec-do-bod-n-cl-tds-and-alkalinity-data-used-in-1evfx5cc.png Fig. 4 T, pH, EC, DO%, BOD, N, Cl, TDS and alkalinity data used in the study https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-evaluation-of-controller-managed-spacing-tools-4uyvz09gh0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pbn-success-rate-percentage-of-uninterrupted-cdos-3z7q2len.png Figure 5. PBN success rate (percentage of uninterrupted CDOs) for CA-5.1 and CA-5.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flight-time-below-10000-ft-for-ca-5-1-and-ca5-2-jet-32h38rr9.png Figure 6. Flight time below 10,000 ft for CA-5.1 and CA5.2 (jet aircraft only). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-standard-deviation-of-inter-arrival-spacing-error-19mp6w19.png Figure 7. Standard deviation of inter-arrival spacing error for CA-5.1 and CA-5.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-atd-1-core-technologies-2s73f7be.png Figure 1. ATD-1 core technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-nasa-tlx-items-by-traffic-flow-direction-averaged-113stw76.png Figure 10. NASA TLX items by traffic-flow direction averaged across CA-5.1 and CA-5.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-nasa-tlx-items-by-experiment-for-ca5-1-and-ca-5-2-1u8fqifm.png Figure 9. NASA TLX items by experiment for CA5.1 and CA-5.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-controller-managed-spacing-cms-tools-19caetfb.png Figure 2. Controller-Managed Spacing (CMS) tools. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phx-west-flow-rnav-arrival-routes-and-arrival-2i3iww27.png Figure 4. PHX west-flow RNAV arrival routes and arrival transitions through low-altitude en-route sectors. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-a-cold-gas-thruster-system-and-test-data-3tsajab5nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-regulator-outlet-pressure-115lkia4.png Figure 15.—Regulator outlet pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-thruster-valve-outlet-pressure-2s4mj77m.png Figure 14.—Thruster valve outlet pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aa-1-rcs-schematic-black-lines-represent-hardware-2h213uo3.png Figure 1.—AA-1 RCS Schematic. Black lines represent hardware included in developmental test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thruster-valve-model-2o57009a.png Figure 8.—Thruster valve model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aa-1-developmental-test-results-examples-of-erratic-3hul3vjr.png Figure 3.—AA-1 Developmental Test Results Examples of erratic behavior at lower supply pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aa-1-developmental-test-results-typical-behavior-2zt6xzo4.png Figure 2.—AA-1 Developmental Test Results. Typical behavior with short and long pulses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thruster-valve-schematic-142izzel.png Figure 7.—Thruster valve schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-regulator-outlet-pressure-12w8l33x.png Figure 13.—Regulator outlet pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-study-of-coupled-bunch-instabilities-due-to-44e2m7dq3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kekb-her-electron-beam-parameters-2brymxog.png Table 1: KEKB HER electron-beam parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-measured-horizontal-position-along-the-bunch-z3rlhauo.png Figure 1: Left: measured horizontal position along the bunch train after 2000 turns; right: amplitude of lower betatron sidebands as a function of the revolution harmonic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-amplitudes-of-lower-betatron-sidebands-as-a-3k4f2kv5.png Figure 4: Amplitudes of lower betatron sidebands as a function of the revolution harmonic for the same four cases as in Fig. 2. The last picture (for the electron-cloud wake) shows the full spectrum; in the other three cases, where higher modes are not excited, only the harmonics 1–80 are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulated-horizontal-position-of-different-bunches-8v3xc268.png Figure 3: Simulated horizontal position of different bunches as a function of turn number, for the same four cases as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-horizontal-position-along-the-bunch-train-2szth8ov.png Figure 2: Simulated horizontal position along the bunch train for carbon monoxide without magnetic field after 50 turns (top left), for hydrogen in a dipole field after 4000 turns (top right), for the resistive wall instability after various numbers of turns (bottom left) and for the electron cloud after 4000 turns (bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-l-band-staring-radar-moving-target-btkoa7nkps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-integration-efficiency-for-a-stationary-target-wzbl62n8.png Fig. 1. Integration efficiency for a stationary target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-integration-efficiency-for-a-target-moving-with-2154mv5g.png Fig. 3. Integration efficiency for a target moving with constant radial velocity after Fourier processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-range-doppler-map-for-a-target-moving-with-constant-1ozyy729.png Fig. 2. Range Doppler map for a target moving with constant radial velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-range-doppler-map-before-compensation-for-a-target-3dcf6xrg.png Fig. 4. Range-Doppler map before compensation for a target moving perpendicularly to LOS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-range-doppler-map-after-compensation-for-a-target-2h0olmy3.png Fig. 5. Range-Doppler map after compensation for a target moving perpendicularly to LOS. https://scispace.com/papers/simulations-of-particle-interactions-in-a-high-current-rfq-39c3sjfz41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tracks-of-different-particle-species-along-the-length-bkyq6zpd.png FIG. 2. Tracks of different particle species along the length of the simulated RFQ. Produced using plotwin [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-spectrum-at-the-end-of-the-rfq-showing-a-1f5dto09.png FIG. 3. Energy spectrum at the end of the RFQ, showing a secondary peak for protons generated by the simulated interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-features-of-relevant-simulation-codes-ahls7zs2.png TABLE I. Features of relevant simulation codes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-beam-parameters-and-interaction-cross-sections-for-25sry6fp.png TABLE II. Beam parameters and interaction cross-sections for the test simulation. Interaction parameters are set artificially high to validate the interaction modeling process. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-biliary-drainage-and-portal-vein-embolization-4u9lh0uhi9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-volumes-of-segment-ii-iii-for-3-months-1ebp79nm.png Fig. 2 Changes in volumes of segment II ? III for 3 months after the combined procedure (patients were operated on at 1 month) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-axial-ct-scan-a-in-a-71-year-old-patient-showing-3l84pxva.png Fig. 1 Axial CT scan (A) in a 71-year old patient showing biliary obstruction due to hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth-Corlette IIIa). Puncture of the portal venous system just after internal–external biliary drainage of the FRL (B). Portography before (C) and after (D) PVE using NBCA. Axial CT scan (E) performed 3 weeks later, showing hypertrophy of the left lobe (19 % increase). Axial CT scan (F) performed 2 months after extended hepatectomy showing major hypertrophy of the remnant liver (78 % increase) https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-conduction-and-valence-band-quantization-in-2omps46wul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-quantized-vb-states-with-enz27qir.png FIG. 2. Evolution of the quantized VB states with encapsulation thickness. (a) ARPES data for the control Si sample. (b)–(e) Si:P δ-layer ARPES spectra acquired for different Si encapsulation thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4 nm. The CB state at the Fermi level (1Γ) becomes gradually weaker with increasing Si encapsulation thickness while the states within the VB region become more intense. For panels (c)–(e), the ARPES spectra are shown twice with salient features marked and labeled on the spectra displayed in the lower panels. To enhance the visibility of the quantized VB states, the curvature method [28] was applied and the results are presented on right-hand sides of the lower panels of (d) and (e). The spectra for the 1–4 nm encapsulation thicknesses have been left-right symmetrized, while the control sample has not. An even sixth-order polynomial was used to fit the quantized VB states, qw1 (orange) and qw2 (yellow), for the data shown in (c)–(e) [29]. (f) Momentum integrated EDCs for Si:P δ layers with different encapsulation thicknesses. The positions of the CB (1Γ) and SS are indicated. The inset shows an enlarged region of the 4-nm-thick Si encapsulation data where the qw2 state is readily visible. Adjacent to the qw2 state, an unlabeled arrow marks the location of small peak which may be due to a third quantized valence band state. (g) The intensity ratio of CB to VB states for each of the Si:P δ-layer samples. (h), (i) Numerically obtained solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a linear potential well [VðzÞ, black line] for 3 and 4 nm Si encapsulation layers, respectively. The calculated eigenstates are marked by the green curves and the separation energies (in eV) marked by the double-headed arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simultaneous-quantization-for-cb-and-vb-states-in-2to5m9c3.png FIG. 1. Simultaneous quantization for CB and VB states in silicon. (a) ARPES data for the control sample, (b) corresponding ARPES data of a Si:P δ-layer sample with a 4 nm encapsulation thickness, CB and VB states indicated. (c) Momentum integrated EDCs to emphasize the differences between the two samples. (d) Band bending schematic of a Si:P δ layer. The resulting potential, VðzÞ, is shown by the black line and confines the CB band electrons to give rise to the states labeled 1Γ and 2Γ. Recovery of the potential well to the surface leads to quantized states confined to the Si encapsulation layer: qw1, qw2, and qw3. The blue and green shaded areas represent the continuum of CB and VB bulk states where these quantized states cannot form. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-energy-harvesting-and-sender-node-2uln0x3csl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simultaneous-energy-harvesting-and-authentication-by-2grbilmh.png Fig. 1. Simultaneous energy harvesting and authentication by Bob. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energy-harvested-per-time-slot-by-the-three-eh-mtba846b.png TABLE I ENERGY HARVESTED (PER TIME-SLOT) BY THE THREE EH SCHEMES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-opportunistic-eh-scheme-impact-of-b-on-tir-act-and-ter-1pyyjwmv.png Fig. 8. Opportunistic EH scheme: impact of β on TIR,act and TER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-ts-based-eh-scheme-on-detetcion-performance-1176zakx.png Fig. 4. Impact of TS based EH scheme on detetcion performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-impact-of-sps-based-eh-scheme-on-detetcion-performance-3o3k7cq3.png Fig. 5. Impact of SPS based EH scheme on detetcion performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-roc-plot-with-ts-based-eh-scheme-2adxt7nd.png Fig. 6. ROC plot with TS based EH scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-roc-plot-with-sps-based-eh-scheme-fwwpemk7.png Fig. 7. ROC plot with SPS based EH scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-static-power-splitting-scheme-at-bob-2ab1jyw8.png Fig. 3. Static power splitting scheme (at Bob). https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-estimation-of-population-receptive-field-and-3l4te50la0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mcmc-scheme-summary-2ojide67.png Table 2. MCMC scheme summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dumoulin-wandell-prf-model-1-column-figure-neuronal-3iyk1lyo.png Figure 1. Dumoulin-Wandell pRF Model (1-column figure). Neuronal population receptive field is modelled as a two-dimensional Gaussian function (1st row) where (µx, µy) is the receptive field center and is the Gaussian standard deviation. Two-dimensional visual stimulus (2nd row, left) is multiplied https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-ground-truth-rstan-with-lut-and-rstan-3pl8oi26.png Table 5. Comparison of ground truth, RStan with LUT and RStan without LUT parameter values for one voxel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-column-root-mean-squared-error-rmse-of-the-sum-of-19ixsjt3.png Figure 4 (1-column). Root mean squared error (RMSE) of the sum of the product of the stimulus and the Gaussians with different positions and sizes relative to maximum signal amplitude. The figure illustrates the relative RMSE error between the signal obtained from the lookup table and the signal generated using full evaluation of the model for 1000 Gaussians with randomly picked parameters. Mean RMSE relative to amplitude was equal to 2%. There were 22 points (2%) exceeding relative error of 3% with the maximum error below 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-premultiplied-signal-illustration-1-column-figure-3jdgcg90.png Figure 3. Premultiplied signal illustration (1-column figure). 2D visual stimuli is the same for all voxels so it can be premultiplied and summed over a wide range of Gaussians to create a lookup structure valid across the entire dataset. For arbitrary values of µx, µy, eight surrounding cells from the lookup table are picked and the resulting signal is approximated using trilinear interpolation. This scheme implicitly bounds the pRF model parameter space as the Gaussian parameters cannot exceed the bounds of the lookup structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-column-ground-truth-and-parameter-estimates-using-30bbiui2.png Figure 5 (2-column). Ground truth and parameter estimates using different models for simulated data. Black diamond – ground truth. Blue X – noLUT_CSS_5, red X – noLUT_CSS_3, green X – noLUT_DW_5, magenta X – noLUT_DW_3, blue circle – Q_CSS_5, red circle Q_CSS_3, green circle – Q_DW_5, magenta circle – Q_DW_3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-effective-sample-size-mess-measures-for-2ycw1wal.png Table 3. Multivariate Effective Sample Size (mESS) measures for runs of different pRF/HRF models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mcmc-prior-and-proposal-distributions-note-1-the-3guwi0y8.png Table 1. MCMC prior and proposal distributions. Note 1: the parameter space is bounded so that μx, μy and are in the range [0, 100], a and g are positive. It is achieved by rejecting samples where any of the parameters is outside of the allowed range. Note 2: Receptive field size depends on eccentricity and visual area (Amano et al., 2009; Kay et al., 2008; Larsson and Heeger, 2006; Smith et al., 2001; Winawer et al., 2010) therefore usage of an informative prior is disputable; our method readily supports using a noninformative prior instead. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-evolution-of-neural-network-topologies-and-m56yi06csi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-classification-results-pcce-values-in-3o33lvl2.png Table 2. The classification results (PCCE values, in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-regression-results-nrmse-values-in-2h1zckvf.png Table 3. The regression results (NRMSE values, in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-the-data-sets-used-1a6dmb50.png Table 1. A summary of the data sets used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-fully-connected-multilayer-perceptron-with-one-29fsjdi3.png Fig. 1. A fully connected Multilayer Perceptron with one output neuron, bias and shortcuts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-application-of-the-mutation-operators-1t0jfa3t.png Fig. 2. Example of the application of the mutation operators https://scispace.com/papers/singing-stones-contextualising-body-language-in-romano-3glywds7p4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-limestone-relief-of-three-standing-hooded-figures-20c1a5m9.png FIG. 4. Limestone relief of three standing hooded figures accompanying a seated ?woman holding what may be a drum, from Cirencester. Height 0.215 m. (Photo: © Corinium Museum) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-sandstone-disembodied-head-from-the-garden-of-a-2gtrzt5w.png FIG. 1. (a) The sandstone disembodied head from the garden of a Late Roman house at Caerwent. Height 0.225 m; (b) Sandstone statuette of a seated female from Caerwent. Height 0.27 m. (Photos: © courtesy of Newport Museum and Art Gallery) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-image-of-a-mounted-lituus-bearer-on-a-late-iron-age-760lqpyd.png FIG. 7. (a) Image of a mounted lituus-bearer, on a Late Iron Age greyware sherd from Kelvedon, Essex. Length c. 0.07 m. (Photo: © The Castle Museum, Colchester); (b) Nineteenth-century stone statue of the Batavian prophetess Veleda, carved by Etienne-Hippolyte Maindron; in the Luxembourg Gardens, Paris. Approx. lifesize. (Image: © Paul Jenkins) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-limestone-head-from-a-monumental-statue-of-mercury-2yo8c55q.png FIG. 5. (a) Limestone head from a monumental statue of Mercury, from the temple-complex at Uley, Glos. Height 0.35 m; (b) Copper-alloy head of the young Augustus, inlaid with alabaster, glass and coral, from Meroë, near Kabushia Sudan. Height 0.477 m. (Photos: © Trustees of the British Museum) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stills-from-a-3d-animation-of-the-caerwent-head-by-2rh3svr8.png FIG. 2. Stills from a 3D animation of the Caerwent head, by Toby Jones. (Photos: © courtesy of Newport Museum and Art Gallery) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stills-from-a-3d-animation-of-the-female-statuette-3n5twki3.png FIG. 3. Stills from a 3D animation of the female statuette from Caerwent, by Toby Jones. (Photos: © courtesy of Newport Museum and Art Gallery) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-close-up-of-the-caerwent-female-statuette-showing-the-1wd40enw.png FIG. 6. Close-up of the Caerwent female statuette showing the central section with thumbs and lituus. (Photo: © Cardiff University) https://scispace.com/papers/single-beat-real-time-three-dimensional-echocardiographic-2836tqvry8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bland-altman-analysis-comparing-the-ejection-fraction-1oqb4kgu.png Fig. 3 Bland–Altman analysis comparing the ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes by a the Space 1 Harmonic mode with correct automated left ventricular contour tracking (n = 23); b the Space 1 Harmonic mode or Time 1 Harmonic mode (if the LV cavity did not fit completely in the acquisition sector of the Space 1 Harmonic mode) with correct automated left ventricular contour tracking (n = 28). Abbreviations as in Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-near-field-artefact-white-arrows-and-automated-3mu0h7cr.png Fig. 4 The near-field artefact (white arrows) and automated left ventricular contour in the multiplanar reconstruction views of the 3D datasets acquired by the six imaging modes. A4C apical 4 chamber view, A2C apical 2 chamber view; other abbreviations as in Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-result-page-of-the-automated-contouring-algorithm-zj9k361f.png Fig. 1 The result page of the automated contouring algorithm of Siemens single-beat full volume real-time 3D transthoracic echocardiography including three 2D multiplanar reconstruction planes with the automated contour, the 3D mesh rendering of the left ventricular cavity, left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction measures and volume-time curve https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pearson-correlation-coefficient-and-bland-altman-3lszzroo.png Table 1 Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis of the EF and left ventricular volumes between six imaging modes of Siemens single-beat full volume real-time 3D transthoracic echocardiography (RT-3DE) and 3DE QLAB in all patients (n = 41) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-3de-datasets-acquired-by-the-six-imaging-modes-1gk1k85g.png Fig. 2 Sample 3DE datasets acquired by the six imaging modes with different temporal and spatial resolutions of Siemens single-beat full volume real-time 3D transthoracic echocardiography. S1H Space 1 Harmonic, T1H Time 1 Harmonic, T2H Time 2 Harmonic, S1F Space 1 Fundamental, T1F Time 1 Fundamental, T2F Time 2 Fundamental https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-coefficient-and-bland-altman-2coecgwi.png Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis of the EF and left ventricular volumes between six imaging modes of Siemens RT-3DE and 3DE QLAB in the patients with (as assessed visually) correct automatic contour tracing of the Siemens RT-3DE (n = 10) https://scispace.com/papers/single-center-study-investigating-foreign-language-21olx15mbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-recruited-ci-patients-all-german-2ku5hlcq.png FIG. 1. Flow chart of recruited CI patients. All German-speaking patients with at least one foreign language underwent further testing of their foreign language skills. CI indicates cochlear implants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-questionnaires-ci-users-with-at-least-one-1iji3r38.png TABLE 2. Results of questionnaires, CI users with at least one foreign language and without any foreign language are grouped together https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-results-english-reading-listening-skills-a-and-1voh83s1.png FIG. 3. Test results English reading/listening skills (A) and French reading/listening skills (B) according to the common framework of reference for languages (CEFR) are plotted against the years of language tuition. The school norm (‘‘Lehrplan21") (line) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-questionnaires-12pgole4.png TABLE 1. Results of questionnaires https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-common-european-framework-of-reference-for-languages-7kxffm54.png FIG. 2. Common European framework of reference for languages (CEFR). https://scispace.com/papers/single-digit-and-two-digit-arabic-numerals-address-the-same-lk0kld4koc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rt-as-a-function-of-the-distance-between-prime-and-2ooptrh4.png Table 2 RT as a function of the distance between prime and target (Experiment 2: parity judgement) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-observed-data-representing-rt-differences-between-3ncmzj1q.png Fig. 1. (a) Observed data representing RT differences between right hand and left hand. All combinations are included in analysis. (b) Observed data representing RT differences between right hand and left hand. Only identity couples are included in analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rt-as-a-function-of-the-distance-between-prime-and-nk45y3uj.png Table 1 RT as a function of the distance between prime and target (Experiment 1: naming) https://scispace.com/papers/single-grain-virtualization-for-contact-behavior-analysis-on-4mxgl3qc5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematics-of-the-incremental-projection-method-used-1dibzxlx.png Fig. 4. Schematics of the incremental projection method used to reconstruct the 3D volume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-illustrating-the-algorithms-used-for-volume-39ruk7ty.png Fig. 3. Flowchart illustrating the algorithms used for volume reconstruction and meshing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-micrograph-of-contact-between-grains-of-quartz-sand-1sgqlsv8.png Fig. 1. (a) Micrograph of contact between grains of quartz sand (Terzaghi et al., 1996) (b) Example of multiple roughness scales (Archard, 1957 cited in Greenwood & Wu, 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-set-up-used-for-image-acquisition-2cacfsv8.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the set-up used for image acquisition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-single-grain-response-of-glass-beads-from-hertz-3g1hdvxc.png Fig. 11. Single grain response of glass beads from Hertz theory and experimental tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-illustration-of-the-four-grains-tested-and-the-2irmt4c6.png Fig. 12. Illustration of the four grains tested and the corresponding measured diameter (d): (a) LBS1, d=815µm≈200voxel (b) LBS2, d=1064µm≈226voxel, (c) LBS3, d=1073µm≈253voxel, (d) LBS4, d=1042µm≈254voxel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-comparison-between-numerical-modelling-and-hertz-9mns92ev.png Fig. 10. (a) Comparison between numerical modelling and Hertz theory for a single grain under compression, (b) Internal stress distribution in a sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-mechanical-properties-used-in-the-294s50zr.png Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties used in the numerical simulations of silica sand https://scispace.com/papers/single-fibre-swelling-behavior-for-natural-and-man-made-24m9shfpzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-cotton-normalized-diameter-as-a-2hm8iq0d.png Figure 3. Evolution of cotton normalized diameter as a function of time. 289 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-a-vsf-and-b-tsf-normalized-diameter-as-15vhxyyx.png Figure 8. Evolution of (a) VsF, and (b) TsF normalized diameter as a function of time. 379 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-microscopy-images-of-cotton-at-45-degc-in-5-80z5uvmh.png Figure 2. Optical microscopy images of cotton at 45 °C in 5.5, 12, 18 wt% NaOH solution. 287 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-cellulose-fibres-244-3ik9s71h.png Table 1. Characteristics of cellulose fibres. 244 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-dwp-normalized-diameter-as-a-function-1vhnz2nk.png Figure 5. Evolution of DWP normalized diameter as a function of time. 331 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-molecular-mass-distributions-mmd-and-b-x-ray-1gl7grnf.png Figure 1. (a) Molecular mass distributions (MMD) and (b) X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of cotton, 247 DWP, VsF and TsF 248 https://scispace.com/papers/single-mode-waveguide-propagation-and-reshaping-of-sub-ps-4zb9rfgm1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-power-absorption-coefficient-right-axis-lower-34c6p5c2.png FIG. 4. The power absorption coefficient~right axis, lower curves! and coupling coefficient~left axis! in sapphire fibers of diameter 325~solid line! and 150mm ~dashed line!, for the HE11 mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-calculated-group-and-phase-velocities-in-sapphire-2nk25vp5.png FIG. 3. The calculated group and phase velocities in sapphire fiber diameter 325~solid line! and 150mm ~dashed line!, for the HE11 mode. The upper curves are the phase velocitiesvf , while the group velocitiesvg are given by the lower curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-amplitude-spectra-for-pulse-propagation-through-a-325-up0clil0.png FIG. 2. Amplitude spectra for pulse propagation through a 325-mm-diam sapphire fiber of length 7.3 mm. The solid line is the calculated spectr while the empty~s! and filled circles~d, upper curve! are the measured transmission and reference spectra, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-thz-pulse-after-passing-through-a-325-mm-diam-26mvnk5p.png FIG. 1. The THz pulse after passing through~a! 325-mm-diam sapphire fiber of length 7.3 mm, and~b! fiber of diameter 250mm and length 7.8 mm, ~c! diameter 150mm, length 8.3 mm. The solid line is the calculated sign while the circles~s! are the measured pulse. The measured reference s is shown in the insets. https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-based-snp-detection-using-designed-dna-4sgfvlpfr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distinguish-single-mismatch-using-dna-carrier-and-36gtowzc.png Fig. 4 Distinguish single-mismatch using DNA carrier and nanopores. (a) Occupied fraction dependence over a range of target strand concentrations. The plot is obtained from a total number of 41 nanopores. The event numbers for data point at concentration ratio of 1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 are 921, 856, 886, 564 and 1711 for the wild type strand, and 2278, 1562, 1369, 1149, 1309 for mutant strand (detailed statistics in ESI,† S11). Errors are standard deviations. The incubation was carried out in 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2 buffered with TE (pH B 8), at room temperature for 2 hours. 4 nM streptavidin was added B5 minutes before the measurements. (b) Occupied fraction comparison of DNA carriers incubated with mutant strand and wild type (WT) strand. The ‘100%’ control is prepared by having the mutant strand added during DNA carrier synthesis. The ‘0%’ control is from a fully labeled DNA carrier before strand displacement. Occupied fractions of wild type and mutant samples shown here are incubated with 10 times target DNA strand over the carrier. Errors are standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-snp-detection-using-dna-carriers-and-nanopore-sensing-hbp16305.png Fig. 1 SNP detection using DNA carriers and nanopore sensing. (a) Schematic of DNA carriers (blank lines) translocating through a nanopore driven by the electric field. (b) Schematic of the designed DNA carrier for SNP detection. A pair of overhang DNA probes is located in the centre of the carrier. The central 152 bp section is enlarged to show the displacement initialized by target DNA strands. The 6 nucleotides toehold design is marked in blue in the DNA probes and in green in the target strands. The SNP on the mutant strand is shown as a pink spot and the signal-producing streptavidin is shown as squares with the yellow part representing the only active binding site. (c) Example ionic current trace recorded during nanopore measurements. An event appears as a current drop when a DNA carrier translocates through the nanopore. (d) Zoomed events from (c). The two examples show the typical events when the signal probe is present or displaced. https://scispace.com/papers/single-molecule-kinetic-energy-of-condensed-normal-deuterium-3nj2p26yzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-fig-3-but-corresponding-to-the-liquid-at-30-k-under-21li22bp.png FIG. 5. As Fig. 3, but corresponding to the liquid at 30 K under saturated vapor pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-breakdown-of-the-model-best-fit-for-the-liquid-at-20-k-1ifafzzb.png FIG. 6. Breakdown of the model best fit for the liquid at 20 K andQ58.2 Å21 into Gaussian components corresponding to individual rotational transitions. The short-dashed lines correspond to the individual contributions; the long-dashed line to the sum of the individual contributions and the solid line to the convolution of the latter with the experimental resolution. Except for the use of a relative intensity scale, established by requiring that the integrated area of the individual Gaussians should correspond to the relative intensity shown in Fig. 2, the solid line coincides with the best fit shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contour-plot-corresponding-to-s-q-e-of-liquid-normal-rc5wus78.png FIG. 1. Contour plot corresponding to S(Q,E) of liquid normal D2 at 20 K under saturated vapor pressure before background subtraction and multiple-scattering correction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-the-average-single-molecule-kinetic-energy-1gbcdnyk.png TABLE I. Values of the average single-molecule kinetic energy as a function of the thermodynamic state~all points under saturated vapor pressure!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-fig-6-but-corresponding-to-liquid-at-20-k-under-32fknwus.png FIG. 8. As Fig. 6, but corresponding to liquid at 20 K under saturated vapor pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-fig-6-but-corresponding-to-liquid-at-30-k-under-1s86v3zn.png FIG. 9. As Fig. 6, but corresponding to liquid at 30 K under saturated vapor pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-7-9-contain-the-relevant-fitting-parameters-as-a-16u4ptl6.png Figures 7–9 contain the relevant fitting parameters as a function of momentum transfer. The global model scaling parametersA(Q) are nearly constant over the range of fitted momentum transfers. This fact points out to the broad adequacy of the assumptions on the free-rotor limit and the normal ortho/para composition ratio. While the effective mass of the recoiling units seems to be fairly close to the free molecule value of 4 amu in all cases, deviations from a linear dependence onQ are observed for the width parameterW at higher values of the momentum transfer. If, despite the anomalies mentioned above and discussed in Sec. V, we combine the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-fig-3-but-corresponding-to-the-liquid-at-20-k-under-mbgyq6nu.png FIG. 4. As Fig. 3, but corresponding to the liquid at 20 K under saturated vapor pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/single-photon-time-gated-phasor-based-fluorescence-lifetime-sx0fnwe2ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atto-550-phase-lifetime-analysis-a-phase-lifetime-1l6l7anj.png Figure 4: ATTO 550 phase lifetime analysis. (a) Phase lifetime of the ATTO 550 sample observed behind phantoms of different thicknesses, calculated by estimating the uncorrelated background numerically (red curve) or by subtracting the phantom only signal (blue curve). The black curve shows the phase lifetimes of the pure phantom samples. Error bars are the standard deviations calculated by bi-Gaussian fitting of the phase lifetime histograms, as explained in Fig. 2g. (b) Phase lifetime standard deviation (SDV, shown in (a) as error bars) as a function of phantom thickness. The phantom-only phase lifetime SDV (black curve) is essentially constant. The SDV of the phase lifetime calculated by numerical estimation of the uncorrelated background (red curve) doubles from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, while that estimated by phantom-only data subtraction (blue curve) quadruples. (c) Count rate (per 4x4 pixel ROI) as a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-description-of-the-wide-field-time-3mdrxjif.png Figure 1: A schematic description of the wide field time-gated FLI setup. (a) FLI set up. The sample was illuminated with a 532 nm picosecond laser and emitted fluorescence was captured using the time-gated Swiss SPAD 2 (SS2) SPAD array (512x256 pixels). Excitation power varied for the different samples, but for all samples behind phantoms we used an incident excitation power of 12 mW. (b) Illustration of the sample preparation procedure. The capillary was deposited on top of a sample holder which held a phantom layer beneath the capillary. The different phantoms layers are characterized by common absorption (µa) and scattering (µs) coefficients but varying thicknesses (between 0.5 to 5 mm). The thickness is defined by that of the 3D-printed phantoms holders. (c) Conceptual illustration of time gating in SwissSPAD2. The delay between subsequent gate positions is a small fraction of the gate width, resulting in overlapping gates. The decay is comprised of 125 such gates. (d) For some samples, multiple series (dashed box) of 125 gate images (n= number of images for all series) were recorded successively, in order to avoid significant bleaching during recording. Variable number of such series were summed post-acquisition to obtain the desired total signal intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phantom-phasor-analysis-a-phasor-plot-of-the-6-4pycv4cz.png Figure 3: Phantom phasor analysis. (a) Phasor plot of the 6 phantoms. The dispersion along a line connecting the origin and the phasor of a single exponential decay with lifetime τ = 3.44 ns is due to over- or under-correction of the uncorrelated background expected for these low intensity signals. (b) The average phase lifetime measured for all thicknesses is very weakly dependent on thickness (increasing by 25 ps/mm). Error bars are the standard deviations calculated by bi-Gaussian fitting of the phase lifetime histograms, as explained in Fig. 2g. (c) The phase lifetime’s standard deviation is also essentially constant, a translation in the time domain of the similarity of the scatter plots shown in (a). (d) The measured phantom autofluorescence count rate (~ 1 kHz) can be used to estimate its contribution to the Cy3B signals studied in Fig. 2. Its contribution is negligible below 2 mm, but reaches 27% for the 5 mm phantom. The model fitted to the data is discussed in the text. (e) AF phase lifetime (solid line) and intensity (dashed line) for 0.5 mm phantoms with different intralipid concentrations. The AF increases linearly (dotted line) with the intralipid concentration, which is accompanied by a decrease of the phase lifetime SDV. https://scispace.com/papers/single-photon-emission-at-a-rate-of-143-mhz-from-a-1mf0eff599 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-shg-spectrum-of-the-frequency-doubled-vecsel-2gc9t3wc.png FIG. 2. (a) SHG spectrum of the frequency-doubled VECSEL emission under mode-locked operation at 494 MHz. (b) Corresponding time-resolved measurement on a laser pulse train. (c) Autocorrelation measurement of the 1016 nm VECSEL emission revealing a pulse width of 4.2 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-used-to-operate-a-1dp0lc4h.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the experimental setup used to operate a quantum dot (QD) single-photon source at high repetition rates of 494 MHz using a mode-locked vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (ML-VECSEL). (a) The laser system comprises an optically pumped VECSEL chip operating at 1016 nm in combination with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror (SESAM) and a nonlinear crystal (BBO) for second-harmonic generation of 508 nm light pulses (OC: output coupler). (b) Micro-photoluminescence setup: Emission of the QD sample is collected via a microscope objective (MO) serving as first lens of the detection system and spectrally analyzed using a double-grating spectrometer. Time-resolved and Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) type measurements can be performed at a second output port of the spectrometer. (c) Atomic force microscopy image of a QD microlens fabricated via in-situ 3D electron beam lithography. In the experiments, a deterministic single QD microlens with a base diameter of 2 lm acted as single-photon emitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-the-emission-of-a-deterministic-qd-286sr185.png FIG. 3. Analysis of the emission of a deterministic QD microlens excited by a frequency-doubled ML-VECSEL at a repetition rate of 494 MHz. (a) lPL spectrum of the single QD microlens, revealing bright emission of a positively charged exciton state (Xþ) at an excitation power of Pexc¼ 1.3 lW. (b) Spectrally integrated lPL intensity of the Xþ emission in dependence on the ML-VECSEL excitation power. The dashed blue line corresponds to a linear fit to the experimental data. The maximum Xþ emission intensity is reached at 1.3 lW corresponding to saturation of the QD state (dashed horizontal line). At this working point, the single-photon flux emitted by the QD into the first lens of the setup amounts to 143 MHz. (c) Photonautocorrelation histogram measured on the Xþ emission at saturation (spectral filtering is indicated by arrows in (a) as well as the working point in (b)). The coincidence data reach a minimal value of 0.22. The model curve (solid black line) reveals an upper bound to the antibunching value of g(2)(0)< 0.03, clearly proving single-photon emission. The lower panel shows for comparison the photon-autocorrelation histogram measured on the ML-VECSEL emission. https://scispace.com/papers/sintering-of-mnco2o4-coatings-prepared-by-electrophoretic-21x4fcgnrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-of-the-starting-powder-a-sem-b-xrd-and-c-36ytm17u.png Figure 1. Analysis of the starting powder: (A) SEM, (B) XRD and (C) particle size analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-eds-cross-sections-after-sintering-in-air-15borbdp.png Figure 2. SEM/EDS cross sections after sintering in air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-eds-cross-sections-of-coatings-after-reduction-11hlszhq.png Figure 4. SEM/EDS cross sections of coatings after reduction and reoxidation. https://scispace.com/papers/single-site-mutation-and-secondary-structure-stability-an-1b0u5k4l3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-charge-polarization-of-the-peptide-bonds-e-au-in-212f4za1.png FIGURE 2. Charge polarization of the peptide bonds ∆e (au) in 310-helices I, II, I4, and II6 (two depsipeptide mutants) at different levels of theory (unconstrained optimizations): (A) HF/3-21G values vs the B3LYP/6-31G* values (red circles); (B) HF/3-21G values vs the HF/6-31G** values (black squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-the-group-transfer-energy-egt-kcal-mtriqttq.png FIGURE 5. Dependence of the group-transfer energy ∆EGT (kcal mol-1) for mA f Lac mutations of N-acetyl polyalanyl amides on the difference ∆e (au) in H and O Mulliken populations of the substituted m peptide bond HNCdO: the data from the unconstrained optimizations of the helical and hairpin conformers (Table 1). The color-coded data sets represent mutants with compensatory backbone interactions resulting from the i, i + 3 T i, i + 4 transitions (red) or donoracceptor contacts/H-bonding (green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dependence-of-the-group-transfer-energy-egt-kcal-1xc4dlju.png FIGURE 6. Dependence of the group-transfer energy ∆EGT (kcal mol-1) for mA f Lac mutations of N-acetyl polyalanyl methylamides on the difference ∆e (au) in H and O Mulliken populations of the substituted m peptide bond HN-CdO: the data from constrained optimizations (see Computational Methods) of the planar parallel and antiparallel â-sheet models (Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-group-transfer-energies-egt-kcal-mol-1-for-m-m-m-ala-29pvfr8e.png TABLE 3. Group-Transfer Energies ∆EGT (kcal mol-1) for m (m′, m′′) Ala f Lac Mutations of N-Acetyl Polyalanine Methylamides from the Isodesmic Reactions AcAnNHCH3 + AcOMe f AcAxLacAyNHCH3 + AcNHMe (m, m′, and m′′ Denote the Mutation Sites) at the HF/3-21Ga and B3LYP/6-31G*b Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-transfer-energies-egt-kcal-mol-1-for-m-ala-f-3o177k6h.png TABLE 1. Group-Transfer Energies ∆EGT (kcal mol-1) for m Ala f Lac Mutations of N-acetyl Polyalanine Amides from the Isodesmic Reactions AcAnNH2 + AcOMe f AcAxLacAyNH2 + AcNHMe (m Denotes the Mutation Site)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-group-transfer-energies-egt-kcal-mol-1-for-the-310-3ar17x64.png FIGURE 4. Group-transfer energies ∆EGT (kcal mol-1) for the 310-helices I4, II6, the antiperiplanar â-sheet model mutants XVIII2,3,1′,2′,1′′-3′′, and single-strand mutants XI1-3, XVI13, XIX1-4 (cf. Table 3, and footnote b), and IX2,331 at the HF/ 3-21G and B3LYP/6-31G* levels of the theory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-chain-torsional-angles-of-aca9nh2-ii-and-its-1pq7fxz0.png TABLE 2. Main-Chain Torsional Angles of AcA9NH2 (II) and Its Mutant m ) 6 (II6) in the 310-Helix Conformations at Different Levels of the Theory https://scispace.com/papers/sit-to-stand-transfer-assisting-by-an-intelligent-walking-ado5xa204i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-description-of-the-assisting-device-3rvh92qu.png Fig. 1. Description of the assisting device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trajectories-for-different-patient-1i2ukpkx.png Fig. 3. Trajectories for different Patient https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinematic-descriptions-of-the-lower-and-upper-part-3l0o1q4w.png Fig. 2. Kinematic descriptions of the Lower and Upper part https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interpolating-trajectories-exemples-1rfmyo3v.png Fig. 4. Interpolating trajectories exemples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-and-interpolating-spline-trajectories-3lp22p6s.png Fig. 5. Experimental and interpolating spline trajectories https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-atomic-scale-characterisation-of-retained-3g5d03o006 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-ebsd-phase-map-red-fcc-and-blue-bcc-overlaid-on-2m5mfbrd.png Figure 2. (a) EBSD phase map (red = fcc and blue = bcc) overlaid on band contrast (the black region at the right lower corner corresponds to the hole in the twin-jet electropolished foil) and (b, c, d, e) correlated TEM microstructures. (b) Blocky retained austenite and martensite adjacent to the polygonal ferrite/second phase region interface (the zone axis of insets is (011)γ and (111)α, respectively); (c, d) film retained austenite between bainitic ferrite laths (the zone axis of (c) insets is and ; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-tem-showing-two-film-retained-austenite-and-b-gliy9nxf.png Figure 11. (a) TEM showing two film retained austenite and (b) corresponding carbon profile along the dark arrow in (a) using electron energy loss spectroscopy. RA is retained austenite and BF is bainitic ferrite lath. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-a-representative-cylindrical-region-of-interest-2rfe4zc1.png Figure 9. (a) A representative cylindrical region of interest perpendicular to the iso-concentration surface of 3.0 at. % carbon (Figure 4(a)), and (b) corresponding integral profiles across the interface showing the cumulative number of carbon, manganese and chromium atoms as a function of the cumulative number of all atoms; (c) interface regions for carbon, manganese and chromium determined by proximity histogram analysis. RA is retained austenite, BF is bainitic ferrite lath and GB is ferrite in granular bainite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-chemical-composition-of-the-studied-strip-cast-3doi9zuo.png Table 1. The chemical composition of the studied strip cast TRIP steel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-dilation-as-a-function-of-holding-time-at-400-c-3nh2vve1.png Figure 13. (a) Dilation as a function of holding time at 400 ˚C and (b) the corresponding evolution of segregation across the interface between austenite and ferrite after completion of growth (left diagrams) and after tempering (right schematics). PE is paraequilibrium, NP is negligible partitioning, P is partitioning, F is ferrite and A is austenite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-relative-diffusion-distance-of-mn-cr-segregation-34mlvsaw.png Table 3. The relative diffusion distance of Mn/Cr segregation region with respect to C interface region and the Gibbsian interfacial excess of solutes (atoms/cm2). RA is retained austenite, BF is baintic ferrite and GB is granular bainite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-carbon-3-0-at-c-iso-concentration-surface-is-wamh84y8.png Figure 4. (a) Carbon (3.0 at. % C iso-concentration surface is visually shown as the upper and lower interfaces with the removal of isolated fragments for clarity), (b) manganese, (c) silicon and (d) chromium atom maps (brown and blue arrows indicate the interfaces between retained austenite and bainitic ferrite laths); (e, f) proximity histograms across the (e) upper and (f) lower interfaces (dashed lines indicate the interfaces between retained austenite and bainitic ferrite laths). RA is retained autenite and BF is bainitic ferrite lath. The total number of analysed atoms is 72,584,277. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-carbon-content-in-retained-austenite-measured-by-sj8t21hf.png Figure 12. (a) Carbon content in retained austenite measured by atom probe tomography and X-ray diffraction and (b) a magnification of (a). To, To’ and Ae3’ are calculated according to http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/map/steel/programs/mucg46-b.html. https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-photo-oxidation-of-the-isolated-adenosine-5-3xngzccy1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-repulsive-coulomb-barrier-indicating-qr8o5aie.png Figure 1: (a) Schematic of repulsive Coulomb barrier indicating its height (RCB) as a function of the distance between [ATP–H2] – and the free electron, and the adiabatic detachment energy (ADE). (b) Photoelectron spectra of [ATP–H2] 2– taken at 4.66 eV with femtosecond (blue) and nanosecond (black) light pulses. Inset is a photoelectron image of [ATP–H2] 2– taken at 4.66 eV with nanosecond light pulses, with the polarization vector, ε, indicated. (c) Integrated pump-probe photoelectron signal following excitation to 1ππ* states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pe-spectra-of-atp-h2-2-taken-with-a-focused-4-66-ev-vgven7pw.png Figure 3: PE spectra of [ATP–H2] 2– taken with (a) focused 4.66 eV femtosecond light and (b) variable wavelength nanosecond light. In (a), a resonance enhanced 2-photon photoelectron spectrum is obtained. the red line shows the high eKE edge of the photoelectron spectrum which intersects the 0 signal (dashed line) at ~5.2 eV. In (b) the red line shows the position of 0.55 eV and highlights that the change in wavelength does not lead to a change in photoelectron spectrum of the tunneling peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-superimposition-of-equidistant-every-100-fs-10-atp-s4gsgpnh.png Figure 4: Superimposition of equidistant (every 100 fs) 10 [ATP–H2] 2– geometries along the first ps of the ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Inset is the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) calculated along the 4 ps ground state dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-repulsive-coulomb-barrier-rcb-for-atp-h2-e-in-the-jvzj3q7f.png Figure 2: (a) Repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) for [ATP–H2] – + e– in the plane passing through the calculated transition dipole moment of the excitation to the 1ππ* state and including the adenine ring; each contour line represents an increment of 1 eV. (b) Map scaled to a maximum RCB of 1 eV; each contour line represents an increment of 0.05 eV. RCB maps are computed at MP2/def2-SVP level of theory. https://scispace.com/papers/site-surveillance-and-maintenance-program-for-palos-park-zfle4noxyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-7-1ch3d21d.png TABLE 3.7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-g0jhdgp1.png TABLE 3.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-9-26m5c1gt.png TABLE 3.9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-locations-of-dolomite-holes-north-of-plot-m-2qt7s91e.png Figure 3.3 Locations of Dolomite Holes North of Plot M https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-14-3k0j577g.png TABLE 3.14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-1pupbap1.png TABLE 3.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-tritiated-water-concentrations-in-red-gate-woods-3dogmlxt.png Figure 3.4 Tritiated Water Concentrations in Red Gate Woods Well (5167) and Opposite Red Gate Woods (5159) From 1982 to 1986 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-11-tritiateo-hater-content-in-meus-near-site-a-plot-34apvum9.png TABLE 5.11 TRITIATEO HATER CONTENT IN MEUS NEAR SITE A /PLOT H, 1986 (CONCENTRATIONS IN NANOCURIES/L) https://scispace.com/papers/site-specific-labeling-of-rna-at-internal-ribose-hydroxyl-4bsnn3afwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ph-and-concentration-dependence-of-kobs-for-dna-3u5751kh.png Table 1. pH and Concentration Dependence of kobs for DNA-Catalyzed Ligation of GTP, 2′-N3-GTP, 2′-NH2-GTP, and 2′/3′-EDA-GTP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dna-catalyzed-labeling-of-large-rnas-a-u6-snrna-13np05jz.png Figure 5. DNA-catalyzed labeling of large RNAs. (a) U6 snRNA sequence; adenosines tested as labeling sites are marked in blue. (b) PAGE image of purification of 10 MANT-G-labeled U6 snRNA samples (10% PAGE). (c) Schematic of DNA-catalyzed RNA cleavage (cut) for analysis of labeling efficiency. (d) Analysis after cut i at A35 and A62. (e) Analysis after cut ii at A51 and A97. For d and e, 15% PAGE, full gel image in Figure S17). (f) ydaO riboswitch RNA sequence. Cy3 is installed at A46 and Cy5 at A125. (g) Fluorescence images of PAGE analysis of uncut and cut ydaO RNA samples; 15% PAGE, corresponding autoradiography gel image in Figure S18. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-autoradiographs-of-page-analysis-of-dna-catalyzed-2svh7v0l.png Figure 1. (a) Autoradiographs of PAGE analysis of DNA-catalyzed ligation of GTP and its 2′-modified analogues to RNA R1 with 2 mM GTPs and 80 mM Mg2+ at pH 9.0. Reaction products are indicated by arrowheads. (b) PAGE analysis of CuAAC derivatization of N3-Glabeled R1, using 5 equiv of BPA or fluorescent F545-alkyne, 0.4 mM CuBr, 0.8 mM TBTA in DMSO/tBuOH/H2O. (c) Accelerating effect of Tb3+: nucleotide concentration-dependent kinetics of DNAcatalyzed GTP ligation to R1 at pH 7.5, in the absence (red, empty symbols) or presence (green, filled symbols) of 100 μM Tb3+. Note the faster reactions at lower GTP concentrations with Tb3+. (d) Establishing generality of DNA-catalyzed labeling for 16 variants of R1. DNA enzymes maintained Watson−Crick base-pairing with the target RNA upstream and downstream of the labeling site. (e) Ligation yields for 16 target RNAs after 10 min reaction time under indicated conditions. PAGE = polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, TBTA = tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine, TP = triphosphate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-dna-catalyzed-labeling-of-sam-ii-rna-and-analysis-79qseq5k.png Figure 4. (a) DNA-catalyzed labeling of SAM-II RNA and analysis of pseudoknot folding by FRET. (b) Images of PAGE analysis of unlabeled, single-labeled, and double-labeled RNAs with C488-G at A13 and F545-G at A41. Conditions: 10% PAGE, 35 W, 2.5 h. (c) Mg2+-dependent folding monitored by FRET in the absence and presence of 10 μM SAM. Conditions: 0.1 μM RNA, 50 mM KMOPS pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 20 °C. IDA = fluorescence emission intensity at 520 nm of double-labeled RNA, ID = emission intensity at 520 nm of donor-labeled RNA; excitation at 496 nm. [Mg2+]1/2 (+SAM) = 1.0 mM; [Mg2+]1/2 (−SAM) = 1.4 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dna-catalyzed-labeling-of-rna-and-characterization-2lydc9vp.png Figure 3. DNA-catalyzed labeling of RNA and characterization by FRET. (a) Sequence of 46-bp duplex with label positions indicated. Overlay of fluorescence images of PAGE for purification of labeled RNAs: Cy3 is green, Cy5 is red. (b) UV−vis absorption spectra. (c) UV melting curves. Conditions for panels b and c: 0.4 μM duplex in 10 mM potassium phosphate pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl. (d) Normalized fluorescence emission spectra upon donor excitation (at 545 nm, 0.1 μM RNA, 50 mM KMOPS pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 20 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dna-catalyzed-labeling-of-rna-with-ribose-modified-3ek8m4v8.png Figure 2. DNA-catalyzed labeling of RNA with ribose-modified GTPs. (a) Using commercial carbamoyl-linked MANT and biotin-labeled GTP in comparison to unmodified GTP and EDA-GTP. RNA R1 was used at 5 μM with 20 μM GTP (or labeled GTP), at pH 7.5, with 100 μM Tb3+, 37 °C, 30 min. Gel images compare labeling yields obtained with 80 mM Mg2+ (left) and 20 mM Mg2+ (right). (b) Labeled GTP derivatives synthesized by CuAAC (see Supporting Information for details) were used under the same conditions as in panel a. Below the autoradiograph is shown an overlay of fluorescence images (epi illumination with blue, green, and red LEDs). https://scispace.com/papers/size-dependent-characterization-of-deep-uv-micro-light-vuyxa5tme7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-demonstrates-a-size-dependent-l-i-characteristic-26eyd2ci.png Fig. 1a) demonstrates a size dependent L-I characteristic, where it is evident that the power output of the larger devices is notably higher In Fig.1b) the spectra of the LEDs show some change with increased current with all devices showing a shift toward longer wavelengths as the current increases. This spectral shift can be explained by thermal and band filling effects. However, for communications purposes, these devices are relatively spectrally stable. In Fig.1c) there is a definite size dependence in the peak position of the relative EQE recorded using the SPAD, and it is noted that in the smaller device the peak appearing at higher current densities may be due to increased non-radiative recombination at the etched sidewalls [5]. Fig.1d) shows a clear size dependence in the bandwidth of the device with the smaller devices having the higher bandwidths. The bandwidth of 570 MHz achieved for the 20 microns devices is, to our knowledge, the highest µLED bandwidth recorded in the deep UV. https://scispace.com/papers/size-and-distributional-pattern-of-pension-related-tax-4nzejzyy66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-current-life-cycle-value-of-pension-related-tax-ailenig2.png Figure 7. Current Life Cycle Value of Pension-related Tax Expenditures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-change-in-disposable-income-by-household-type-and-3t7st44f.png Figure 5. Change in Disposable Income by Household Type and Decile Group due to Pension-related Tax Expenditures, 2017 https://scispace.com/papers/size-dependent-magnetic-properties-and-cation-inversion-in-3k0rjxb375 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-part-of-fourier-transform-of-exafs-data-and-best-178coo51.png FIG. 3. Real part of Fourier transform of EXAFS data and best fits of manganese edge, and iron edge, for both 4 and 50 nm samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetization-vs-temperature-data-for-different-sized-1veh3l2x.png FIG. 2. Magnetization vs temperature data for different sized MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Inset figure shows the TN vs average particle size continuous line is guide to the eyes . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tem-micrographs-of-mnfe2o4-nanoparticles-synthesized-14ivanz8.png FIG. 1. TEM micrographs of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by using Fe / OH− ratios of a 4M, b 2M, c 1M, and d 0.425M. https://scispace.com/papers/size-effect-in-two-dimensional-oxide-on-metal-catalysts-of-4eko5mnsst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-vacancy-formation-energies-ev-atom-for-the-2ytgx1yp.png Table 1. Average vacancy formation energies (eV/atom) for the stepwise removal of oxygen atoms in embedded and isolated FeO2 islands. Each successive stage corresponds to the desorption of 18 interfacial oxygen atoms from the peripheric, intermediate, and inner regions, respectively, as shown in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-situ-stm-images-of-an-individual-feo2-x-island-3ilfs9n1.png Figure 1. In situ STM images of an individual FeO2-x island recorded in 10-6 mbar of CO at 350 K. Exposure time is indicated. (The image size is 24 nm × 20 nm; tunneling parameters: -2 V, 0.1 nA.) The panel shows the Arrhenius plot for the initial rate of reduction (measured by STM ex situ) as a function of temperature (300 - 450 K). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-o2-32-amu-tpd-spectra-recorded-on-feo2-x-pt-111-2yiorjz4.png Figure 3. (a) O2 (32 amu) TPD spectra recorded on FeO2-x/Pt(111) at three different film coverages as indicated. STM images of the “as prepared” 0.25 and 0.5 ML samples (presented in the differentiated contrast) are shown in inset. The scale bar is 20 nm. (b) Black line reproduces the TPD spectrum for the 0.5 ML sample (1) from panel a). The newly prepared 0.5 ML sample (2) was first heated to 640 K (red line) and imaged with STM at 300 K. Then the sample was heated to 690 K (green line) and inspected by STM again. Dashed lines show (inertial) desorption traces after heating was stopped. The heating rate in all spectra is 2 K/s. (c-e) STM images of the sample “as prepared” (c) and after heating to 640 K (d) and 690 K (e), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-models-of-feo-embedded-a-and-isolated-b-feo2-2nthk50l.png Figure 4. Models of FeO-embedded (a) and isolated (b) FeO2 islands on the Pt(111) surface. Pt, Fe, and O atoms are represented by gray, blue, and red (light for interface, dark for surface) spheres, respectively. The peripheric, intermediate, and center zones of the FeO2 islands are delimited (white lines) and the periodic (√73×√73)R5.8°-FeO(111)//(√91×√91)R5.2°-Pt(111) unit cell is indicated (black lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-programmed-reduction-profiles-measured-1gxaijv0.png Figure 2. Temperature programmed reduction profiles measured on FeO2-x/Pt(111) samples (1-4) shown in STM images (the scale bars are 10 nm) taken prior to the TPR run. The spectra are obtained by recording the CO2 (44 amu) mass-spec signal in 10-6 mbar of CO upon linear heating with the rate 2 K/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-local-average-values-of-fe-fe-distances-a-for-35kf04b6.png Figure 5. Local average values of Fe-Fe distances (Å) for cations along the cell long diagonal for the embedded (left) and isolated (right) islands: initial FeO2 (black); with peripheric O atoms desorbed (red); with peripheric and intermediate O atoms desorbed (green); and fully reduced FeO (blue) islands. (For atomic representations of islands at the various stages of reduction see Figure S6 in SI.) https://scispace.com/papers/skin-color-based-video-segmentation-under-time-varying-4ixao6b12w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-performance-figures-for-the-21-different-1hmxlugl.png Table 1: Table of performance figures for the 21 different video sequences from popular DVD movies. The experiments compared classification accuracy for the dynamic vs. static histogram approach. Three performance measures were computed: correct classification of skin pixels, correct classification of background pixels, and the trace of the confusion matrix . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-examples-of-segmentation-obtained-by-the-dynamic-1cxkg7d5.png Figure 12: Examples of segmentation obtained by the dynamic and static approaches. The examples above are among those for which our system had a superior performance. Frames from image sequence (top), static segmentation (middle), and dynamic segmentation (bottom) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-as-a-function-of-the-foreground-2wcjmqnp.png Figure 8: Performance as a function of the foreground histogram adaptation factor fg. The left graph plots the trace of the confusion matrix. The right graph shows the ROC curve. Graphs show the average performance over three 75 frame learning sequences. The optimal point is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-experimental-sequence-of-a-person-walking-in-an-23vstbmi.png Figure 16: Experimental sequence of a person walking in an environment illuminated by colored lights. The environment contains a fluorescent ambient component, and a green directed light aimed towards the face of the subject. The subject is walking towards the directed green light source. Frames from image sequence (top), static segmentation (middle), and dynamic segmentation (bottom) are shown. Notice that in frames 60, 80, and 100 where the effects of the directional green light source are most noticeable, the dynamic system is still able to reliably segment those regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-experimental-sequences-of-tracking-a-hand-in-an-zmeeuhbc.png Figure 17: Experimental sequences of tracking a hand in an environment that contains a fluorescent ambient component, and a directed blue light facing towards the arm of the subject. Frames from image sequence (top), static segmentation (middle), and dynamic segmentation (bottom) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-experimental-sequence-of-a-person-walking-down-a-35l3das9.png Figure 15: Experimental sequence of a person walking down a corridor illuminated by widely spaced fluorescent lights. Frames from image sequence (top), static segmentation (middle), and dynamic segmentation (bottom) are shown. Improved segmentation can be observed in regions where illuminant changes are most prevalent, for example nose and the forehead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-performance-as-a-function-of-the-background-1tjw0c12.png Figure 9: Performance as a function of the background histogram adaptation factor bg. The left graph plots the trace of the confusion matrix. The right graph shows the ROC curve. Graphs show the average performance over three 75 frame learning sequences. The optimal point is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-initialization-stage-of-the-algorithm-2jsjizx9.png Figure 3: Initialization stage of the algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/skyrmion-magnetic-structure-of-an-ordered-fept-monolayer-3qg8t9u8r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-helimagnetic-structure-in-fept-pt-111-the-4b607lr6.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Helimagnetic structure in FePt/Pt(111). The arrows represent the magnetic moments of Fe atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-low-temperature-part-of-b-t-phase-2vjo107y.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Low-temperature part of B-T phase diagram calculated for FePt/Pt(111); (b)–(g) representative magnetic structures of the phase diagram regions indicated in (a) obtained at B = 0.0 T, T = 3.0 K (b), B = 2.5 T, T = 3.0 K (c), B = 7.5 T, T = 3.0 K (d), B = 12.5 T, T = 3.0 K (e), B = 1.0 T, T = 22.0 K (f), B = 3.5 T, T = 17.0 K (g). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-temperature-dependent-magnetization-m-t-tah7v88v.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Temperature-dependent magnetization M(T ) (diamond), susceptibility χ (T ) (triangles), and heat capacity cv(T ) functions represented for three different magnetic fields: B = 12 T (top panel), B = 8 T (middle panel), and B = 4 T (bottom panel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-geometry-of-the-system-and-directions-34ol58ya.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Geometry of the system and directions of in-plane components of DM exchange interactions (shown by the arrows) between Fe1 and Fe2 atoms, Fe1 and Fe3 atoms, etc. (b) Calculated exchange coupling parameters: isotropic, Jij , for Fe-Fe (circles) and Fe-Pt (diamonds) (top panel), and Dxij , D y ij and D z ij components of DM interactions between Fe atoms for FePt/Pt(111). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-magnetic-moment-distribution-within-the-1p4xlv9s.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Magnetic moment distribution within the Skyrmion. Yellow and blue colors in (a) represent schematically the region giving gain and loss of Zeeman energy in the presence of a magnetic field; blue color in (b) shows the region giving loss of the exchange energy contributed by in-plane components of magnetic moments. (c) and (d): Structure of single Sk obtained with the contributions of the Fe-Pt exchange interactions taken into account [the same color code as in (a) and (b)]. Long arrows show the spontaneous magnetic moments on Fe atoms; short arrows indicate the induced magnetic moments on Pt atoms. https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-quality-in-young-adult-informal-caregivers-2ebub5kq7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-caregiving-characteristics-zpe2n8le.png Table 2 Caregiving characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-caregiver-diurnal-cortisol-patterns-by-sleep-duration-lxrr7xvc.png Fig. 1 Caregiver diurnal cortisol patterns by sleep duration. For illustrative purposes, a median split was used to define shorter and longer sleep duration https://scispace.com/papers/slant-stack-velocity-analysis-for-one-dimensional-upper-1dv94n86bi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-velocity-inversion-of-the-smooth-static-correction-1sp1dd79.png Figure 3 Velocity inversion of the smooth static correction line (solid line) given in Figure 28 compared to PREM (dashed line), lO66b (dotted line) and ARC-TR (dot-dashed line) of FUKAO (1977). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-downward-continued-z-v-wavelield-using-the-velocity-2nim30qe.png Figure 7 Downward continued Z -V wavelield using the velocity model obtained from the inversion of the static correction line given in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-downward-continued-z-v-wavefield-using-the-earth-1mxillkd.png Figure 10 Downward continued Z-V wavefield using the earth flattened final velocity model in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deterministic-deconvolution-of-a-seismic-trace-at-21z91889.png Figure 4 Deterministic deconvolution of a seismic trace at an epicentral distance of 3241 km. A) A 5 sec extracted wavelet is used to deconvolve the original trace. B) A 7.5 sec extracted wavelet is used to deconvolve the original trace. For each case, I is the original trace, 2 is the extracted wavelet and 3 is the deconvolved result. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-downward-continued-z-v-wavefield-using-the-velocity-3uxqi41b.png Figure 9 Downward continued Z-V wavefield using the velocity model ARC-TR of FUKAO (1977). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-distribution-of-earthquake-epicenters-centered-on-3kl1kxvc.png Figure I Distribution of earthquake epicenters centered on MAJO (open triangle) (mb or M. ;e, 5.5, focal depth s: 55 km, 1980-1986). The solid circle includes the seismicity within 35 degrees of station MAJO. The map projection used is an azimuthal equidistant projection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-a-calculated-travel-times-solid-line-for-the-final-1yt6dwyu.png Figure II A) Calculated travel times (solid line) for the final model displayed on the unprocessed MAJO seismic wavefield gather corrected for focal depth. X's denote the arrival times corrected for focal depth and the dashed line is the static correction line. B) Calculated travel times (solid line) for the final model displayed on the processed wavefield gather. The dashed line is the static correction line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-ray-theoretical-synthetic-seismograms-unit-1g6eebp8.png Figure 12 Ray theoretical synthetic seismograms (unit normalized) for the velocity model in Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/sliding-mode-analysis-applied-to-improve-the-dynamical-4u5szf0w32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-sensor-a-photo-of-previous-two-sector-design-3ab5ghso.png Figure 1: Left: Sensor A. Photo of previous two sector design wind sensor. Right: Sensor B. Photo of new four sector design wind sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-sensor-a-9-order-diffusive-symbols-for-each-2dzi1gvi.png Figure 4: Left: Sensor A. 9-order diffusive symbols for each wind velocity of the experiment. Right: Sensor B. 8-order diffusive symbols for each wind velocity of the experiment. w1 = 0.5m/s, w2 = 0.7 m/s, w3 = 0.9 m/s, w4 = 1.1 m/s, w5 = 1.3 m/s and w6 = 1.5 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensor-a-top-experimental-data-vs-fitting-data-3alff2n8.png Figure 3: Sensor A. Top: Experimental data Vs Fitting data along the six hours of the experiment in open-loop mode (they are almost undistinguishable). Bottom: Wind velocity as a function of time. Sensor B. Top: Experimental data Vs Fitting data along the six hours of the experiment in open-loop mode (they are almost undistinguishable). Bottom: Wind velocity as a function of time. https://scispace.com/papers/slovenian-students-on-projects-internships-1ljl0oqhel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-size-of-the-team-2gmw00m1.png TABLE VIII SIZE OF THE TEAM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-year-of-study-in-program-1k50oqxp.png TABLE IV YEAR OF STUDY IN PROGRAM https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-project-internship-option-35yfpmi0.png TABLE X PROJECT / INTERNSHIP OPTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-place-of-work-v5q54edh.png TABLE IX PLACE OF WORK https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-mode-3hcnhf02.png TABLE XII MODE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-gender-1n9gaoy7.png TABLE II GENDER https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-real-or-virtual-teams-7bxdl5vo.png TABLE VII REAL OR VIRTUAL TEAMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiv-main-benefits-of-project-internship-for-students-1wb3rcym.png TABLE XIV MAIN BENEFITS OF PROJECT/INTERNSHIP FOR STUDENTS https://scispace.com/papers/small-column-ion-exchange-alternative-to-remove-137cs-from-4q2hj0fvbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-zone-geometry-model-for-waste-tank-cases-3368jcaz.png Figure 24. Zone geometry model for waste tank cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-present-model-boundary-for-the-heat-transfer-ad1h08xa.png Figure 17. Present model boundary for the heat transfer analysis of the CST bed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cesium-isotherms-for-lcs-feeds-and-tank-41-at-30oc-2ppozei2.png Figure 5. Cesium isotherms for LCS feeds and Tank 41 at 30ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bucket-average-cesium-breakthrough-of-lcs-feeds-and-3j1yme78.png Figure 6. Bucket average cesium breakthrough of LCS feeds and Tank 41. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-drawing-of-the-small-columns-positioned-35sjdveh.png Figure 4. Schematic drawing of the small columns positioned in Tank 51 and the flow paths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cst-in-early-left-and-late-right-simulants-after-7-13xkr1pe.png Figure 11. CST in Early (left) and Late (right) simulants, after 7 days of mixing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-zeolite-in-early-left-and-late-right-simulants-1zdazbsj.png Figure 10. Zeolite in Early (left) and Late (right) simulants, after 7 days of mixing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-temperature-at-wall-and-maximum-internal-for-mioxexhz.png Figure 18. Temperature (at wall and maximum internal) for columns with various https://scispace.com/papers/sma-observations-on-faint-submillimeter-galaxies-with-s-850-4x8uc2omsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sma-observations-2sbdqne1.png Table 1 SMA Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-optical-images-centered-on-the-brightest-5v3hvdeb.png Figure 2. Two optical images centered on the brightest cluster galaxy of the massive galaxy clusters A2390 and A1689. In each panel, the critical lines at z = 2, 4, 6 are drawn as green, blue, and red curves, respectively. The SMA observed SCUBA sources are marked in yellow. The SCUBA sources that are SMA detected (undetected) are denoted by solid (dashed) circles. The cyan squares outline the regions where zoom-in images will be presented later in the paper. The radius of the circles is 7.′′0, which matches the size of the SCUBA beam FWHM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-properties-of-the-sma-detected-sources-3j5m6rzi.png Table 4 The Properties of the SMA Detected Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-histograms-of-the-intrinsic-f125w-magnitudes-of-3lu53ckm.png Figure 10. Histograms of the intrinsic F125W magnitudes of our faint SMG sample (dark blue), other faint SMGs from the literature (Frayer et al. 2003; Kneib et al. 2004; Gonzalez et al. 2009; Knudsen et al. 2010; light blue), and the bright SMG sample from Barger et al. (2014; hatched). The histogram of the faint SMGs is stacked, whereas that of the bright SMG sample is independent from the faint SMGs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-figure-3-but-for-chen-3-2zsslh1w.png Figure 4. Same as Figure 3, but for Chen-3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-postage-stamp-images-centered-on-the-sma-phase-i2gbeb5o.png Figure 3. Postage stamp images centered on the SMA phase center position of Chen-2, which is the original SCUBA centroid from Cowie et al. (2002). From left to right: 20′′ × 20′′ gray scale ACS f850lp, IRAC false color (r–g–b) 8.0–5.8–3.6μm, and gray scale MIPS 24μm, SMA 870μm, and VLA 1.4 GHz images. In each panel (except SMA), we denote the SMA detection by a 1′′ radius yellow circle. In the SMA panel, the contours are (−3, −2, 2, 3, 4) ×σ , and the synthesized beam is presented in the bottom left corner (magenta). North is up and east is to the left. The white dashed circle in each panel shows the 7.′′5 radius SCUBA beam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-properties-of-the-sma-observed-sources-8g5fch4v.png Table 3 The Properties of the SMA Observed Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-percentage-of-smgs-in-each-flux-bin-robustly-2o1vyf6j.png Figure 9. Percentage of SMGs in each flux bin robustly identified in MIR/radio images with similar depths to the ECDF-S field. The SMGs shown in this figure were all observed with arcsecond resolution submillimeter interferometers. Black circles are from Hodge et al. (2013), and the blue circles show our work. https://scispace.com/papers/small-is-big-interactive-trumps-passive-information-in-24oimv1nxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-passive-information-survey-results-pre-and-post-kx5ufbnm.png Table 1. Passive information survey results. Pre- and post-survey means by cohort (standard deviation below), within cohort change in mean survey score (standard deviation below), and pairwise difference in the within cohort change between cohorts. For binomial variables the proportion responding ‘yes’ or the change in proportion of ‘yes’ responses. Index variables show Cronbach’s alpha in (). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-games-survey-results-pre-and-post-survey-23g2olve.png Table 2. Energy Games survey results. Pre- and post-survey means and standard deviations, change between surveys, and Cohen’s d measure of effect size. For binomial variables, the proportion responding no/yes and change between proportions responding yes are shown. Index variables show Cronbach’s alpha in (). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ringorang-r-screen-shots-screen-shots-of-the-ringorang-2qtsk68i.png Fig 2. Ringorang® screen shots. Screen shots of the Ringorang® question format a) clue, b) question, and c) insight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-of-passive-information-experiment-21rp5dnn.png Fig 1. Experimental design of passive information experiment. Multiple and single message groups receive the same content, except that the former receives it in two smaller pieces. The “first half content” and “second half content” together are exactly the same as “all content” received by the single message cohort. https://scispace.com/papers/small-object-detection-from-remote-sensing-images-with-the-3n70y0kt3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-network-size-according-to-the-sr-factor-3hapt3kn.png Table 1. Network size according to the SR factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qualitative-performance-of-object-focused-sr-left-to-1r9wy2e5.png Fig. 1. Qualitative performance of object-focused SR. Left to right: LR, SR on the full image, object-focused SR, HR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detection-performance-on-the-vedai-data-using-the-3scpri3i.png Fig. 2. Detection performance on the VEDAI data using the YOLOv3 detector associated with SR by a factor of 4. VEDAI images with different resolutions: red for 12.5cm/pixel and green for 50cm/pixel. Here, YOLOv3 is combined with SR trained on full images (YOLOv3Sr4Full) and SR focused on target objects (YOLOv3Sr4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-detection-results-from-super-resolved-image-by-srwgan-1p6xkbg2.png Fig. 8. Detection results from super-resolved image by SRWGAN (left) and from original image (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-object-reconstruction-with-superresolution-3jwece9t.png Fig. 6. Example of object reconstruction with superresolution (factor of 4) of an xView satellite image by SRWGAN learned from HR aerial images of the Potsdam data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-detection-performance-using-faster-rcnn-detector-on-1e2ll7ss.png Fig. 7. Detection performance using Faster-RCNN detector on both standard and super-resolved images using SR-WGAN (xView dataset). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-time-on-gpu-nvidia-rtx-2080ti-3eg7h7w8.png Table 2. Computational time on GPU NVidia RTX 2080ti https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-super-resolution-results-obtained-by-the-wgan-compared-10jvszo3.png Fig. 4. Super-resolution results obtained by the WGAN compared to SR-IR methods. From left to right: LR image, SR-IR result, SR-WGAN result and HR image. https://scispace.com/papers/small-scale-dynamics-of-a-shearless-turbulent-non-turbulent-2duail0le5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-scheme-of-a-turbulent-patch-including-2kz496zh.png FIG. 1. (a) Experimental scheme of a turbulent patch, including the PIV laser sheet, camera, spherical oscillating grid agitation. (b) Computational box with a slice of the enstrophy iso-contour for a Newtonian simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-enstrophy-as-a-function-of-the-distance-from-the-33r75l6j.png FIG. 3. Mean enstrophy as a function of the distance from the average interface position normalized by the average enstrophy of the Newtonian case in the bulk. (a) DNS, (b) Experiments; the values are normalised by the average enstrophy for the Newtonian case in the bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-kinetic-energy-integrated-over-the-cross-section-of-1m0raebx.png FIG. 2. (a) Kinetic energy integrated over the cross section of the turbulent region in experiments. Experiments correspond to 6.9 Hz in water and 10.5 Hz for 10 ppm polymer solution, respectively. (b) Kinetic energy integrated over the cross section of the turbulent region in DNS. Grey areas correspond to ±1.96 standard errors of the mean estimated from the variance of the ensemble. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-values-of-the-strain-rate-eigenvalues-from-3yzuld7t.png TABLE II. Average values of the strain rate eigenvalues from the DNS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probability-density-function-of-the-cosine-of-the-2x9p8vyt.png FIG. 6. Probability density function of the cosine of the angle between the vorticity vector and the strain rate eigenvectors in the DNS. A value of 1 represent perfect alignment between λi and ω while for values of 0 the two vectors are orthogonal. (a) in a turbulent bulk, (b) at the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-probability-density-function-of-the-eigenvalues-of-the-1814o4hh.png FIG. 5. Probability density function of the eigenvalues of the rate of strain tensor in the DNS. Left: in the bulk of the flow; right: over turbulent/non-turbulent the interface. Values of the kurtosis µ4 are given for each curve on the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-and-average-turbulent-flow-1icmyg5x.png TABLE I. Simulation parameters and average turbulent flow properties in the bulk. L2max is the maximum allowed extension of the polymer, L2B is 〈tr(Cii)〉 and uB are respectively the average of the trace of the conformation tensor and the root-mean-square of the velocity fluctuations ui in the bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-above-dns-results-for-the-probability-density-function-2788wzpg.png FIG. 8. Above: DNS results for the probability density function of the enstrophy production ωiωjsij normalized by its average value at the given position in (a) the bulk of the flow, (b) over the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. Below: DNS results for the probability density function of the strain rate production −sijsjkski normalized by its average value at the given position in (c) the bulk of the flow, (d) over the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. Grey areas delimits ±1.96 standard errors of the mean estimated using a Poisson approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/small-size-high-isolation-wilkinson-power-splitter-for-60-1nm4xos9of 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lumped-model-representation-for-a-quarter-wave-line-24yqdqaf.png Fig. 2. Lumped model representation for a quarter wave line length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lumped-wilkinson-splitter-input-and-output-return-loss-2h7mpexs.png Fig. 6. Lumped Wilkinson splitter input and output return loss. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principal-passive-blocks-highlighted-for-a-full-23bir9g4.png Fig. 1. Principal passive blocks (highlighted) for a full balanced I/Q receiver in 60 GHz application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-difference-in-terms-of-inductance-value-between-the-3l537w9i.png Fig. 4. Difference in terms of inductance value between the same structure, (represented in Figure ?? with(b) and without (a) dummy metal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3d-view-of-lumped-wilkinson-power-splitter-a-thick-tzk5qwh7.png Fig. 5. 3D view of lumped Wilkinson power splitter. A thick metal model representation of dummy metal are showed. In this configuration a complete EM analysis is impossible because it requires an huge quantity of memory (higher than 163 GB!) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-simulated-inductance-with-a-and-without-b-ddr1ywlk.png Fig. 3. Example of simulated inductance with (a) and without(b) dummy metal. The size the mesh and the boundary condition are the same for the two different structures. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-approaches-for-assessing-free-living-energy-3dlhcsti58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-a-different-relationship-between-1s0rg41f.png Figure 1 Illustration of a different relationship between accelerometer output (usually counts) and energy expenditure when different activities are being performed. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-boys-and-sweet-girls-sex-education-needs-in-thai-2l0hqf21hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-key-informants-and-methods-of-interviewing-in-the-2ieoe746.png Table 3.2 Key informants and methods of interviewing in the main study phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-13-school-environments-and-activities-in-schools-wtit3fsa.png Table 5.13 School environments and activities in schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-examples-of-materials-available-in-schools-1ier88rq.png Table 4.1 Examples of materials available in schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-demographic-data-on-focus-group-participants-1znb3xaw.png Table 5.3 Demographic data on focus group participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-efforts-and-organizations-involved-in-adolescent-1viz2ynb.png Table 2.2 Efforts and organizations involved in adolescent reproductive health https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-participants-views-of-sexual-health-education-ljlvrrem.png Table 6.1 Participants’ views of sexual health education classes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-data-on-research-participants-38s4hhdq.png Table 2: Demographic data on research participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-5-attitudes-of-thai-parents-towards-teaching-cg9jas03.png Table 6.5 Attitudes of Thai parents towards teaching children about sex https://scispace.com/papers/smart-load-management-of-water-injection-systems-in-offshore-2r76gf8ma1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wind-turbine-configuration-and-control-1favq87o.png Fig. 4. Wind turbine configuration and control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gas-turbine-and-synchronous-generator-mechanical-model-2dwee8tu.png Fig. 3. Gas turbine and synchronous generator mechanical model and control strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rotor-speed-of-the-base-case-no-wt-integrated-a-time-2o64009r.png Fig. 10. Rotor speed of the base case (no WT integrated). a Time behaviour. b Frequency components of the oscillation of ωr. The energy of the frequency spectrum for the rotor signal is Eω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-system-behaviour-in-the-base-case-no-wt-integrated-a-alywpn8p.png Fig. 9. System behaviour in the base case (no WT integrated). a Mechanical power, active and reactive power of the GT. b Field voltage and grid voltage of the GT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-system-behaviour-for-case-iv-wt-and-flex-with-same-2edbkt9o.png Fig. 15. System behaviour for Case IV (WT and FLEX with same profile additionally 1 s delay on the FLEX reference). a Mechanical power, active and reactive power of the GT and WT. The apparent power base is Sbase = 25 MVA. b Field voltage and grid voltage of the GT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cases-under-test-for-the-o-g-platform-electrical-2ofhoenb.png Table 1 Cases under test for the O&G platform electrical system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-of-the-spectrum-of-the-angular-speed-for-all-3spn7rfa.png Table 2 Energy of the spectrum of the angular speed for all the test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-rotor-speed-behaviour-for-case-iii-wt-and-flex-with-1z4g520s.png Fig. 14. Rotor speed behaviour for Case III (WT and FLEX with same profile). a Time behaviour. b Frequency components of the oscillation of fe. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-investments-in-sustainable-food-production-revisiting-3fs9k59bs2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-interactions-in-mixed-crop-livestock-systems-in-pvk8kdhh.png Fig. 1. Main interactions in mixed crop-livestock systems in the developing world. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-phones-a-powerful-tool-in-the-chemistry-classroom-g0cxnkklmo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-examples-of-two-dimensional-barcode-formats-o6qmluv0.png Figure 1: Some examples of two-dimensional barcode formats. Reading from left to right, "Quick Response" or QR code, Microsoft tag, and Scanlife code (12). https://scispace.com/papers/smart-on-board-transportation-management-system-geo-casting-2qixusx5wh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gsm-gprs-module-36dpzt9b.png Figure 8. GSM-GPRS module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-registered-road-traffic-accidents-for-37bhffrn.png Figure 1. Number of registered road traffic accidents for major cities in Palestine 2011 [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-flow-chart-this-algorithm-runs-inside-arduino-18knucug.png Figure 9. Model Flow Chart. This algorithm runs inside Arduino Uno microcontroller. Both online and offline modes are supported by this algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-arduino-microcontroller-21gemj5x.png Figure 4. Arduino microcontroller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gps-11058-module-1zdmv08p.png Figure 3. GPS-11058 module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gsm-gprs-module-2sybw5mq.png Figure 2. GSM-GPRS module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-nablus-city-trip-gps-module-reading-including-the-3gnq4cj8.png Figure 11. Nablus City Trip. GPS module reading. Including the geographical location as well as the speed of the vehicle in 10 minutes period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-nablus-tulkarem-trip-the-picture-above-is-30jsp661.png Figure 10. Nablus-Tulkarem Trip. The picture above is automatically generated by the system. The Map source is Google Maps [5]. The red line represents the trip path. This path is generated through the insertion of GPS module readings into Google Maps. The blue lines depict the locations where the vehicle driver exceeds the threshold speed. https://scispace.com/papers/smithsonian-plant-collections-the-guianas-1991-1993-and-1995-2c2ymbdhf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-waiting-on-the-airstrip-at-imbaimadai-pakaraima-27qcx3tz.png FIGURE 11. Waiting on the airstrip at Imbaimadai, Pakaraima Mountains. Ganeshwar Gharbarran, student of the University of Guyana. Photo by Bruce Hoffman. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-frog-in-imbaimadai-area-photo-by-bruce-hoffman-2s5qtr1h.png FIGURE 12. Frog in Imbaimadai area. Photo by Bruce Hoffman. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-kwakwani-bauxite-mines-photo-by-bruce-hoffman-feghxb2n.png FIGURE 22. Kwakwani bauxite mines. Photo by Bruce Hoffman. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-duguetia-calycina-benoist-annonaceae-hoffman-335-2q5k4qcf.png FIGURE 5. Duguetia calycina Benoist (Annonaceae), Hoffman 335, small forest tree, fl ower and fruit, collected in the southeastern Kanuku Mountains. Photo by Bruce Hoffman. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bruce-hoffman-photo-by-catherine-capellaro-m4sobh2h.png FIGURE 2. Bruce Hoffman. Photo by Catherine Capellaro. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-catherine-capellaro-with-brocchinia-micrantha-baker-16y6b52h.png FIGURE 8. Catherine Capellaro, with Brocchinia micrantha (Baker) Mez (Bromeliaceae), near Kaieteur Falls. Photo by Bruce Hoffman. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bruce-hoffman-and-herpetologists-from-the-american-3beafumv.png FIGURE 9. Bruce Hoffman and herpetologists from the American Museum of Natural History, Dr. Charles “Jay” Cole and Dr. Carol Townsend, with the conservationist and owner of Karanambu Ranch, Diane McTurk, feeding a pet tapir. Photo by Catherine Capellaro. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-traveling-upriver-from-imbaimadai-on-the-mazaruni-3n9ob2g0.png FIGURE 13. Traveling upriver from Imbaimadai on the Mazaruni River. Photo by Bruce Hoffman. https://scispace.com/papers/smoking-and-lung-function-among-adults-with-newly-onset-3i001piow6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-the-finnish-30ml53j6.png Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, the Finnish Environment and Asthma Study subjects with adult-onset asthma 1997–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-smoking-and-lung-function-of-small-airways-fef50-and-2w3k34ce.png Table 4 Smoking and lung function of small airways (FEF50 and FEF25–75%) in working-age adults with newly diagnosed asthma, the Finnish Environment and Asthma Study 1997–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-daily-smoking-rates-and-cumulative-cigarette-years-27p59t1j.png Table 3 Daily smoking rates and cumulative cigarette-years in regular smokers and pre-bronchodilator lung function of larger airways (FEV1, FVC and FEV1:FVC) in asthmatics, the Finnish Environment and Asthma Study 1997–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-smoking-and-pre-bronchodilator-fev1-fvc-and-fev1-fvc-2jw8w821.png Table 2 Smoking and pre-bronchodilator FEV1, FVC and FEV1:FVC in working-age adults with newly diagnosed asthma, the Finnish Environment and Asthma Study 1997–2000 https://scispace.com/papers/smoking-as-a-cofactor-for-causation-of-chronic-pancreatitis-10n2z6lxec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-of-the-rr-of-developing-chronic-249x47j2.png FIGURE 3. Forest plot of the RR of developing chronic pancreatitis for former smokers versus never smokers. The size of each square is proportional to the study’s weight (inverse of variance). Studies are sorted by publication year and identified by, from left to right: first author, publication year and sex (M indicates males; F, females; MF, males and females). When we limited the analysis to studies reporting alcohol-adjusted estimates (excluding Rothenbacher14 and Yadav20), we obtained a pooled estimate of 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9Y2.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-the-rr-of-developing-chronic-1i923whk.png FIGURE 2. Forest plot of the RR of developing chronic pancreatitis for current smokers versus never smokers. The size of each square is proportional to the study’s weight (inverse of variance). Studies are sorted by publication year and identified by, from left to right: first author, publication year, sex (M indicates males; F, females; MF, males and females), and, where required, amount of exposure. When we limited the analysis to studies reporting alcohol-adjusted estimates (excluding Rothenbacher14 and Yadav20), we obtained a pooled estimate of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3Y4.6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forest-plot-of-the-rr-of-developing-chronic-3rhqb3x7.png FIGURE 1. Forest plot of the RR of developing chronic pancreatitis for ever smokers versus never smokers. The size of each square is proportional to the study’s weight (inverse of variance). Studies are sorted by publication year and identified by, from left to right: first author, publication year, sex (M indicates males; F, females; MF, males and females), category of exposure (ever, current, or former), and amount of exposure. When we limited the analysis to studies reporting alcohol-adjusted estimates (excluding Rothenbacher14 and Bourliere7), we obtained a pooled estimate of 2.7 (95% CI, 1.5Y4.7). https://scispace.com/papers/smoothness-maximization-along-a-predefined-path-accurately-2ukm761ayd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-speed-profiles-for-all-subjects-small-1-5-s-2iroiu2y.png FIG. 8. Average speed profiles for all subjects, small 1.5-s movement in experiment 2 (4 of the 5 templates shown, numbers correspond to template positions in Fig. 3) . Solid line, actual speed profile; dashed line, constrained minimum-jerk prediction; dotted line, power law. All speed profiles were scaled before averaging. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-top-schematic-representation-of-the-3-conditions-in-4kl14no8.png FIG. 12. Top : schematic representation of the 3 conditions in the experiment. Bottom : summary error statistics for experiment 2, complete movements ( left) and middle 60% (right) . Results are computed in the same way as in Fig. 6. Last prediction method is the average speed profile over a block of 10 consecutive trials used to predict each individual trial. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-our-model-classification-2ejq3g7b.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of our model classification scheme. Grey boxes correspond to groups of models, – – – , predictions these models make. , the actual flow of information in the CNS (the internals of the ‘‘CNS’’ box are of course hypothetical) . Observed trajectory can be further separated into a priori independent features, in this case speed and path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-prediction-errors-for-all-error-measures-and-all-1up4zjp9.png FIG. 7. Prediction errors for all error measures and all templates in task 2—complete movements, averaged over subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-scatterplot-of-movement-duration-vs-prediction-error-2mvnkkny.png FIG. 11. Scatterplot of movement duration vs. prediction error for the constrained minimum-jerk model, all tasks. Each data point represents 1 subject, the results were averaged over all trials the subject made in the corresponding task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-top-gain-fluctuations-for-the-modified-power-law-and-cdq7n6g3.png FIG. 10. Top : gain fluctuations for the modified power law and our model (consecutive movements of 1 subject tracing template 1) . Vertical lines correspond to points of maximum and minimum speed. Bottom : for each segmentation method (fixed a Å 0.25 or a optimized separately for each trial) and our model, we show the prediction error relative to the prediction error of the unsegmented modified power law applied over the same portion of the path as the 1 selected by the segmentation scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-typical-examples-of-single-trial-speed-profiles-2cctgvxv.png FIG. 9. Typical examples of single trial speed profiles ( ) , constrained minimum-jerk prediction ( – – – ), and power law (rrr) on single trials— experiment 2, middle 60% of the movement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-summary-error-statistics-with-standard-error-bars-for-294jq9ag.png FIG. 6. Summary error statistics with standard error bars for the 3 models, computed over the entire movement ( left) and the middle 60% (right) for all tasks and error measures. For each subject, the median error score in each block of 10 trials was computed, and the results were averaged over all templates in the task. https://scispace.com/papers/smtp-an-optimized-storage-method-for-vehicle-trajectory-data-278vu75376 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-definitions-of-key-concepts-1yo5mwmv.png TABLE I: The definitions of key concepts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-line-line-relationships-in-geo-space-38h8zwbw.png Fig. 2: The line-line relationships in geo-space https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-trajectory-pattern-mining-2kkhm7ab.png Fig. 8: An example of trajectory pattern mining https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trajectories-in-road-network-of-beijing-oye3jrtn.png Fig. 1: Trajectories in road network of Beijing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-example-of-application-3dt6hlxu.png Fig. 9: An example of application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-trajectory-pattern-optimization-3vtxtcyu.png Fig. 3: Example of trajectory pattern optimization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-redundancy-removal-ratio-and-parameter-impacts-19fbszcn.png Fig. 11: Redundancy removal ratio and parameter impacts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-query-time-ratio-under-path-query-2ns7dwan.png Fig. 12: Query time ratio under path Query https://scispace.com/papers/snapnet-r-consistent-3d-multi-view-semantic-labeling-for-laufd8yjz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-reconstruction-and-labeling-pipelines-for-the-2cw41wkz.png Figure 3. 3D reconstruction and labeling pipelines for the 3DRMS challenge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3drms-challenge-point-cloud-test-set-incremental-2nib3s6u.png Figure 4. 3DRMS challenge point cloud (test set), incremental accumulation without filter (up left), with filter (up right) and global reconstruction (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-of-the-sunrgbd-dataset-the-3d-semantized-2e94t7o8.png Figure 5. Sample of the SUNRGBD dataset: the 3D semantized point cloud and on right column RGB image, depth map and grounth-truth (see Fig.7 for label legend). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-sampling-strategy-over-single-2u13umla.png Figure 1. Illustration of the sampling strategy over single view data from SUNRGBD (real distances and angles are not respected for illustration purpose). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-3drms-challenge-dataset-training-1cz8vy54.png Figure 6. Overview of the 3DRMS Challenge dataset: training sequence ”boxhood row” with the 3D semantized point cloud and on right column 2D semantic annotations over image, front-left RGB image, front-right grayscale image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-qualitative-segmentation-results-on-sunrgbd-41-the-r2xeprez.png Figure 7. Qualitative segmentation results on SUNRGBD [41]. The first three columns contain depth, RGB and ground-truth images. Last two columns present the results obtained by Fusenet SF5 [23] then SnapNet-R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-bad-sampling-strategies-with-single-k4ayl7i9.png Figure 2. Illustration of bad sampling strategies with single view data. Upper left: good sample close to real camera point of view, upper right: seen through dresser, down left: seen from behind, down right: seen from bedside lamp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-labeled-reconstruction-for-the-3drms-y5mpxomn.png Figure 8. Results of labeled reconstruction for the 3DRMS challenge, test set. Left, labels obtained with direct labeling (Classif 2D), middle is SnapNet-R applied on stereo reconstruction (Classif 2D-3D) and right is SnapNet-R applied on multiview reconstruction (Classif 3D). https://scispace.com/papers/snow-pressure-on-a-semiflexible-retaining-structure-45fx043ocy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-position-of-the-strain-transducers-upslope-view-of-34njk097.png Figure 4: Position of the strain transducers (upslope view of the downslope side). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-the-measured-2n5ckq45.png Table 2: Mean values and standard deviations of the measured strains, in µm/m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-longitudinal-strain-produced-by-a-uniform-unit-1ixi29kn.png Figure 11: Longitudinal strain produced by a uniform unit pressure applied normally to the net panel in the range from 0 to 1.0m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-forces-in-the-anchor-rod-hpas54me.png Table 5: Total forces in the anchor rod. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-strain-measured-by-the-transducers-on-the-heb-beam-1ns99v29.png Figure 5: Strain measured by the transducers on the HEB beam every 30min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-daily-averages-of-the-strain-measured-by-the-2i0f6kv5.png Figure 6: Daily averages of the strain measured by the transducers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-on-left-hand-side-two-distributions-of-load-on-the-1ixbtf5l.png Figure 10: On left-hand side, two distributions of load on the snow supporting structure are shown: (a) uniform pressure and (b) bi-linear pressure. On the right-hand side the schematic of the structure model is represented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scheme-of-the-net-panel-as-an-assemblage-of-strips-slaynvud.png Figure 9: Scheme of the net panel as an assemblage of strips and evaluation of the load on the beams. https://scispace.com/papers/social-and-racial-inequalities-in-covid-19-risk-of-m3bh0n614y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-standardised-odds-ratio-or-for-sari-nxmmh0h2.png Figure 2. Age-standardised odds ratio (OR) for SARI hospitalisation by race (A) and 274 by income (B); Age-standardised OR of death among SARI cases by race (C) and 275 income (D); and Age-standardised OR of death among SARI cases by hospital type 276 for São Paulo state (E). PPP: Purchasing power parity. 277 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-sari-hospitalisations-per-100-000-1qpm8d2q.png Figure 1. Number of SARI hospitalisations per 100 000 habitants by state in Brazil 257 between March 1 and August 29, 2020 (A). Number of SARI hospitalisations for the 258 state of São Paulo and the greater metropolitan area of São Paulo (RMSP) by week 259 of symptom onset (B). Flowchart of SIMI-SP data processing (Source: 260 https://covid.saude.gov.br) (C). 261 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-risk-of-sari-hospitalisation-for-the-rmsp-2bo7ys9a.png Figure 4. Relative risk of SARI hospitalisation for the RMSP (A). Seven-day moving 326 average of daily median levels in social distancing by race (B) and income (C). 327 Difference in daily social isolation by race (D) and income (E) after the introduction of 328 NPIs. In panels (B) and (C), solid lines show population-weighted median isolation 329 levels and shaded areas show population-weighted interquartile range (25% - 75%). 330 Dashed vertical lines indicate the dates of NPIs that enabled school closure (March 331 13 was the state NPI) and non-essential activities (March 18 and 22, municipal and 332 state NPIs, respectively). 333 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-of-different-working-conditions-by-2xo5mqi0.png Figure 5: Probability of different working conditions by education attainment (A) and 355 race (B). Odds ratio (OR = 1) of having multiple comorbidities: chronic obstructive 356 pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease such 357 as infarction, angina, and heart failure by education attainment (C) and race (D). 358 Horizontal lines show 95% confidence intervals. Source: PNAD COVID-19 /IBGE 17, 359 July to September, 2020. 360 https://scispace.com/papers/social-capital-chinese-style-individualism-relational-4tgswrj51b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-does-hard-work-or-luck-and-connections-bring-success-12tpkm7c.png Fig 4: Does hard work or luck and connections bring success? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-triangulation-of-guanxi-1r6wkkog.png Fig. 8: Triangulation of guanxi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-do-you-trust-people-of-another-nationality-2hyr62lh.png Fig. 3: Do you trust people of another nationality? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-do-you-trust-people-whom-you-meet-for-the-first-time-3em4gg78.png Fig. 2: Do you trust people whom you meet for the first time? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-is-competition-good-or-bad-3ow60sfs.png Fig. 8: Triangulation of guanxi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-does-wealth-come-to-the-detriment-of-others-2j44deu8.png Fig 7: Does wealth come to the detriment of others? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-how-much-freedom-of-choice-do-you-enjoy-3d6s2obv.png Fig. 5: How much freedom of choice do you enjoy? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-is-it-humiliating-to-receive-money-without-having-to-s2ysqsj0.png Fig. 6: Is it humiliating to receive money without having to work for it? https://scispace.com/papers/social-determinants-of-labor-market-status-of-ethnic-4d7w9mpu5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-social-determinants-of-labor-market-outcomes-2u0xt35s.png Table 9. Social determinants of labor market outcomes - marginal effects (Multinomial probit model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-of-selected-socio-economic-characteristics-by-3juukwnm.png Table 1: Means of selected socio-economic characteristics by ethnic group https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-social-determinants-of-labor-market-outcomes-2iy0k83u.png Table 7. Social determinants of labor market outcomes – marginal effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-social-network-characteristic-by-40ok0qmz.png Table 6: Distribution of social network characteristic by ward ethnic concentration (% of working age pop. of ethnic minorities)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-incidence-of-social-network-variables-by-employment-2yjov36y.png Table 5: Incidence of social network variables by employment status (% of working age pop. of ethnic minorities) a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-incidence-of-social-network-variables-by-ethnic-20k2v5oc.png Table 4: Incidence of social network variables by ethnic group (% of pop.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-and-neighborhood-characteristics-by-utio0xbo.png Table 3: Individual and neighborhood characteristics by employment status (means in working age ethnic minority pop.)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-quality-of-social-ties-and-labor-market-outc-mes-3lx5qwt1.png Table 8: Quality of social ties and labor market outc mes - marginal effects (multinomial logit model) https://scispace.com/papers/social-identification-exercise-participation-and-positive-1hmia8gf0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-2xv4lhz3.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations, and correlations. https://scispace.com/papers/social-fears-and-social-phobia-in-a-community-sample-of-2rtw480987 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lifetime-cumulative-incidence-lt-ci-and-12-month-2h7of8nv.png Table 1. Lifetime cumulative incidence (LT-CI ) and 12-month prevalence of generalized and non-generalized social phobia among 14–24 year-olds and relative persistence (ratio LT to 12-month rates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lifetime-lt-prevalence-of-social-fears-in-the-total-1y0oxuac.png Table 2. Lifetime (LT ) prevalence of social fears in the total sample and among those with DSM-IV generalized (G-SP) and nongeneralized (NG-SP) social phobia with social fear conditional probabilities for diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lifetime-association-of-social-phobia-with-1prroh71.png Table 5. Lifetime association of social phobia with sociodemographic and developmental factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lifetime-association-of-social-phobia-with-selected-1bcswgab.png Table 3. Lifetime association of social phobia with selected psychiatric disorders https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-current-social-role-impairments-work-productivity-305em5yp.png Table 4. Current social role impairments, work productivity, help-seeking and treatment in 12-month pure and co-morbid generalized (G-SP) and non-generalized (NG-SP) social phobia https://scispace.com/papers/social-influence-and-discourse-similarity-networks-in-3zhcucw7da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-coefficients-for-similarity-as-dependent-31h5wfma.png Table 3 Regression coefficients for similarity as dependent variable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-discourse-similarity-according-to-reciprocity-of-3tew8jf3.png Fig. 1. Mean discourse similarity according to reciprocity of influence tie strength. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-between-influence-wj93gbqx.png Table 2 Correlation coefficients between influence centrality and similarity index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categorisation-of-reciprocal-ties-1a1od28j.png Table 1 Categorisation of reciprocal ties. https://scispace.com/papers/social-reproduction-and-the-agrarian-question-of-women-s-16cb2xdltj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-rural-households-by-land-size-217du004.png Table 1: Distribution of rural households by land-size categories, 2011–12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-rural-womens-participation-in-2288rgo0.png Figure 1: Distribution of rural women’s participation in domestic duties by MPCE deciles, 2011–12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-female-usual-activity-status-distribution-for-all-31t5x8io.png Table 3: Female usual activity status distribution (for all ages), 1983–2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-rural-womens-participation-in-nvfznr6z.png Figure 2: Distribution of rural women’s participation in domestic duties by land cultivated, 2011–12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participation-of-women-15-59-years-usually-engaged-2buotukz.png Table 4: Participation of women (15–59 years) usually engaged in domestic and allied activities (including subsidiary status) in 2011– 2 https://scispace.com/papers/social-survival-humpback-whales-megaptera-novaeangliae-use-3j0mnymqhi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-capture-history-of-humpback-whales-in-the-kitimat-3vudolc5.png Table 1. Capture history of humpback whales in the Kitimat Fjord System, 2004–2019. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lagged-association-rate-lar-of-humpback-whales-in-the-3tgf57cm.png Fig 4. Lagged Association Rate (LAR) of humpback whales in the Kitimat Fjord System, parsed into three subsets of our data: All groups encountered (left), groups containing known bubble net feeders (center), and groups containing whales not known to bubble net feed (right). Grey dots represent the Association Rate calculated for each time lag (in days) tested. Black line is the running mean of LIR (window = 10 days, first point forced to the τ = 1, last point forced to the final τ). Blue line and shaded area represent the median and 95% confidence interval (2.5% and 97.5% quantiles), respectively, of the randomized null model (n = 100). Lags at which the running mean rises above the shaded area indicate significantly stable dyadic associations. The orange line on the left plot (‘All groups’) represents the best-fitting SOCPROG model of LAR (see S7 Table in S1 File). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dyad-recapture-statistics-for-pairs-of-associated-2o61plap.png Table 3. Dyad recapture statistics for pairs of associated humpback whales in our study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geographic-patterns-in-the-behavior-seasonality-and-1iizz7d7.png Fig 3. Geographic patterns in the behavior, seasonality, and habitat use of humpback whales within the Kitimat Fjord System. In each pane, the black line indicates the frequency of each variable of interest, pooled into bins of swimming distance from the interior of the fjord system (bin size = 10km, 0–100 km. Blue shaded area represents the frequency expected by random chance, determined via randomization (1,000 iterations; blue line = median; shading = 95% confidence interval, determined using 0.025 and 0.975 quantiles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lagged-identification-rate-lir-of-humpback-whales-in-276qsxur.png Fig 2. Lagged Identification Rate (LIR) of humpback whales in the Kitimat Fjord System. Left: Grey dots represent the LIR calculated for each time lag (τ, in days) tested. Black line is the running mean of LIR (window = 10 days, first point forced to the τ = 1). Blue line and shaded area represent the median and 95% confidence interval (2.5% and 97.5% quantiles), respectively, of the permutation tests (n = 100). Lags at which the running mean rises above the shaded area indicate significant patterns in residency behavior. Right: Best-fitting SOCPROG model of LIR (note log scale). Points with standard errors (n = 100 bootstraps) are lag-pooled calculations of the LIR, computed at τ = 20–8. Orange line represents the best-fitting model (see S6 Table in S1 File). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-network-of-social-preferences-of-humpback-whales-5-22g1f3xw.png Fig 7. Network of social preferences of humpback whales (� 5 encounters; nedges = 1,527; nwhales = 136) based upon the Generalized Affiliation Index (only positive indices are displayed) and color-coded by aspects of habitat use and behaviour that were found to yield significant Assortativity Coefficients (ACs), which indicate correlation between these traits and social organization. P-values of positive ACs (affiliations) and negative ACs (avoidances) are provided below each network (see text for interpretation of significance). In all networks the placement of individuals remains the same, demonstrating related patterns in the distribution of individual traits. Vertex size reflects the number of observations of each individual. Thicker, darker edges represent statistically significant associations based upon data stream permutations (1,000 iterations). Networks built with igraph in R using the Fruchterman-Reingold layout. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-social-transference-of-behavior-3gwp5q4h.png Table 4. Social transference of behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-annual-time-series-of-association-network-structure-38f9ko6a.png Fig 6. Annual time series of association network structure metrics, based on a four-year running window (2004– 2007, 2005–2008, . . ., 2016–2019; n = 12) for the population of humpback whales seen on at least five occasions throughout the 16-year study. The observed structure metrics (black line and dots) are compared to a null model based upon 1,000 randomizations each of the original sighting records within each four-year interval (grey shaded area is 95% confidence interval of these randomizations, based on 0.025 and 0.975 quantiles). Significantly non-random structural patterns are indicated by the departure of the black line from the grey shaded area. A. The number of communities within the network, as identified by the Louvain algorithm in igraph. B. The proportion of the population contained within the five largest communities identified by the clustering algorithm. C. The modularity of the community structure. https://scispace.com/papers/societal-trust-and-the-economic-behavior-of-nonprofit-udbrr1ozee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-section-tests-service-organizations-dependent-1i38rk2t.png Table 4: Cross Section Tests -Service Organizations Dependent Variable: Over Spend Admin https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-333wagjm.png Table 1: Sample Selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-panel-a-univariate-statistics-1anf54ai.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics Panel A: Univariate Statistics by Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-trust-on-alternate-variables-13u6c8um.png Table 5: Effect of Trust on Alternate Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sensitivity-dependent-variable-over-spend-admin-15wocgc9.png Table 6: Sensitivity Dependent Variable: Over Spend Admin https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-trust-on-admin-expenses-dependent-variable-397mwwx6.png Table 3: Effect of Trust on Admin Expenses Dependent Variable: Over Spend Admin https://scispace.com/papers/socio-technical-transition-governance-and-public-opinion-the-21c2eiae43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patterns-of-gender-related-difference-2q26481d.png Table 2 Patterns of gender-related difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-survey-results-and-implications-for-policy-n6xfdc96.png Table 5 Selected survey results and implications for policy legitimacy and transition management (TM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patterns-of-region-related-difference-3dgr5r82.png Table 1 Patterns of region-related difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-patterns-of-income-related-difference-18yf4cvj.png Table 4 Patterns of income-related difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-patterns-of-age-related-difference-1c9br8qw.png Table 3 Patterns of age-related difference https://scispace.com/papers/sociodemographic-predictors-of-residents-worry-about-57m2srfrhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-324-ordered-logistic-regression-coefficients-with-2dxbmtnc.png Table 2 324 Ordered logistic regression coefficients, with the dependent variable being the degree to which 325 respondents are worried about contaminants at a nearby site. Positive coefficients indicate variables 326 are associated with higher levels of worry. 327 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-292-16j96r1c.png Table 1 292 https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-and-sociodemographic-inequalities-and-their-2dbi5h3r1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-explanatory-variables-with-their-definition-299lpz5d.png Table 1: List of explanatory variables with their definition and descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-for-casualty-prediction-models-btrky7pf.png Table 2: Parameter estimates for casualty prediction models https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-inequalities-in-cause-specific-mortality-in-15-h55dxm5s8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-deaths-n-and-indirectly-age-standardized-3b0hcea0.png Table 2: Number of deaths (n) and indirectly age-standardized mortality rate (ISMR) per 100,000 inhabitants, stratified by cause of death and sex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-small-areas-population-year-total-1l3igbaa.png Table 1: Number of small areas, population year, total population and its distribution across areas, and the socioeconomic deprivation index in each city. https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-background-modulates-cognition-achievement-1ja1khg9bk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-phonological-3mp4cmbz.png Table 1 Means and standard deviations of phonological awareness, vocabulary, and reading measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-correlations-for-ses-pa-non-word-reading-e61dfxxt.png Table 2 Bivariate correlations for SES, PA, non-word reading, single word reading, and passage comprehension https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hierarchical-regressions-predicting-non-word-reading-1s64jpf8.png Table 4 Hierarchical regressions predicting non-word reading, single word reading and passage comprehension in children with average PA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-non-word-reading-top-single-word-reading-middle-and-wrdhrc8g.png Fig. 1. Non-word reading (top), single word reading (middle), and passage comprehension (bottom) plotted against phonological awareness. Main effects and interactions with the continuous variable of SES are schematically rendered using the top and bottom terciles of SES, and plotting the regression lines (phonological awareness vs. reading measure) separately for each SES tercile, for each task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-regressions-predicting-non-word-reading-140phss1.png Table 3 Hierarchical regressions predicting non-word reading, single word reading and passage comprehension in the whole sample https://scispace.com/papers/soft-clay-stabilization-with-geosynthetic-vertical-drains-2vm0p2st5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-water-content-variation-and-b-normalized-water-3vf145ls.png Figure 3 (a) Water content variation and (b) normalized water content with radial distance at a depth of 0.5m from surface (Sathananthan and Indraratna, 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-smear-zone-prediction-by-the-cavity-expansion-8txbob8l.png Figure 2 Smear zone prediction by the Cavity Expansion Theory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distributions-of-vacuum-pressure-along-the-vertical-2vzjc4sb.png Figure 8 Distributions of vacuum pressure along the vertical drain (Indraratna et al. 2005a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-soil-compression-curve-and-b-semi-log-3ncofj8f.png Figure 9 (a) Soil compression curve and (b) Semi-log permeability-void ratio (after Indraratna et al., 2005b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-soil-parameters-adopted-from-indraratna-et-1ei1wqa4.png Table 2 Selected soil parameters (adopted from Indraratna et al., 2005c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-finite-element-mesh-of-embankment-for-plane-strain-1s5jiw6y.png Figure 12 Finite element mesh of embankment for plane strain analysis at Second Bangkok International Airport (after Indraratna et al. 2005c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-settlement-at-the-centre-line-for-embankments-13w8g3om.png Figure 13 Settlement at the centre-line for embankments (after Indraratna and Redana, 2000 and Indraratna et al., 2005c) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-smear-zone-parameters-xiao-2002-3jp5he9d.png Table 1 Proposed smear zone parameters (Xiao, 2002) https://scispace.com/papers/soft-lithographic-fabrication-of-microresonators-5dd49inxjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quality-factors-material-absorption-for-vicast-at-a-2epaxwql.png Fig. 3. Quality factors/Material absorption for Vicast at a) 980nm, b) 1300nm and c) 1550nm. For Vicast, Q> 1 million at all wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quality-factors-material-absorption-for-pdms-at-980nm-2r54ofw3.png Fig. 3. Quality factors/Material absorption for Vicast at a) 980nm, b) 1300nm and c) 1550nm. For Vicast, Q> 1 million at all wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmission-spectrum-of-a-replica-resonator-note-the-1spy5i1c.png Fig. 2. Transmission spectrum of a replica resonator. Note the easily identifiable free spectral range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-soft-lithographic-fabrication-process-a-an-array-3uczfifz.png Fig. 1. The soft lithographic fabrication process. A) an array of ultra-high-Q microtoroids is silanated using TMCS, b) the negative PDMS mold is formed, c) the ngative mold is filled with the polymer of choice, and the polymer reosnators are released, d) an optical micrograph of a Crystal Cast resonator with a diameter of 110μm. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-factors-and-their-impact-on-time-to-market-4zykz0aaar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correlation-table-for-the-soft-factors-13v9fckn.png TABLE III. Correlation table for the soft factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-g-values-for-the-projects-studied-10k2cv74.png TABLE V. G values for the projects studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-soft-factors-and-their-grades-for-scenario-1-2y3nwex1.png TABLE VI. Soft factors and their grades for Scenario 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relationship-between-log-effort-and-time-to-2pkaunr8.png FIGURE 1. The relationship between Log(effort) and time to market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-classification-of-the-projects-into-slow-normal-and-25vfu21o.png FIGURE 2. Classification of the projects into slow, normal and fast projects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-combinations-which-give-a-specific-mig7y9vi.png FIGURE 3. The number of combinations which give a specific sum of the grades of the 10 soft factors, where the x-axis shows the sum of the grades and the y-axis shows the number of combinations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-correlation-between-the-different-soft-factors-and-nk47fxam.png TABLE IV. Correlation between the different soft factors and the eight randomly chosen projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-soft-factors-and-their-grades-10bmqt50.png TABLE I. Soft factors and their grades. https://scispace.com/papers/soft-power-revisited-what-attraction-is-in-international-2d153zqkf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dichotomous-and-continuous-power-source-rothman-t966injf.png Figure 4. Dichotomous and Continuous Power. Source: Rothman 2011: 51. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-hard-and-soft-power-source-fan-2008-1hk9s6en.png Table 3. Comparison of Hard and Soft Power. Source: Fan 2008: 151. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-soft-power-sources-referees-and-receivers-source-nye-2qekomre.png Table 7. Soft Power Sources, Referees, and Receivers. Source: Nye 2008b: 107. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-power-source-barnett-duvall-2005-48-te33vsjh.png Table 1. Taxonomy of Power. Source: Barnett & Duvall 2005: 48. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hard-and-soft-power-source-nye-2004-8-34ic3k3n.png Table 2. Hard and Soft Power. Source: Nye 2004: 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-foundations-of-soft-power-source-gallarotti-2011-30-2w300pc5.png Table 8. Foundations of Soft Power. Source: Gallarotti 2011: 30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-framework-for-decision-conform-or-violate-source-3gbtey31.png Figure 11. Framework for Decision: Conform or Violate? Source: Shannon 2000: 301. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-soft-power-process-without-and-with-as-explicit-uphooucr.png Table 9. Soft Power Process without and with A’s Explicit Intentional Attraction/Persuasion. Source: Lee 2011: 39. https://scispace.com/papers/software-for-managing-multicrate-fastbus-systems-brwp06yv2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2iv5e76m.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-63u38ikp.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/soil-fertility-management-in-organic-greenhouses-in-europe-3k4uzp2hkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-ascs-species-growing-season-botanical-families-1dme7rxt.png Table 2 Main ASCs species – growing season, botanical families, and ecological functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-specific-suitability-of-fertilisers-and-soil-3emj88fr.png Table 3 Specific suitability of fertilisers and soil conditioners for use in arable and greenhouse organic farming systems (adapted from Möller & Schultheiß, 2014). (Names of products and materials are those reported in Annex I of Reg. (EC) 889/2008 and in Reg (EC) 354/2014 amending and correcting Reg. (EC) 889/2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-organic-greenhouse-area-ha-in-eight-wj8cvaxd.png Figure 1 Estimated organic greenhouse area (ha) in eight European countries. https://scispace.com/papers/software-renting-in-the-era-of-cloud-computing-41b24h5j3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-the-case-firms-sdx78x59.png TABLE I. OVERVIEW OF THE CASE FIRMS. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-moisture-as-an-indicator-of-weather-extremes-3s38m2h5jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wavelet-power-spectrum-of-all-six-hydroclimatic-1tsnz0vg.png Figure 3. Wavelet power spectrum of all six hydroclimatic time series. The scale of the power spectrum is a log2 representation of the power spectrum value. Lighter values indicate regions of higher power spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-coherence-values-for-all-combinations-of-3h0l3zxu.png Table 2. Average Coherence Values for All Combinations of Hydroclimatic Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-autocorrelation-of-the-layer-3-soil-moisture-ahvowto2.png Figure 2. (a) Autocorrelation of the layer 3 soil moisture anomalies, PDSI and precipitation anomalies over the Upper Mississippi River Basin for 1950–1999. (b) Autocorrelation of the layer 3 soil moisture anomalies, PDSI and precipitation anomalies over the Upper Mississippi River Basin for May 1988–April 1989 (drought period). https://scispace.com/papers/soil-separation-mobile-treatment-plant-demonstration-bayport-428jivjor4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concluded-7nfrwwu6.png Table 4 (Concluded) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-metals-versus-trph-and-oil-and-grease-e61xz4zp.png Figure 5. Metals versus TRPH and oil and grease concentrations, Cell 4 material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pcb-versus-trph-and-oil-and-grease-concentrations-nw1w18y9.png Figure 6. PCB versus TRPH and oil and grease concentrations, Cell 4 material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pcb-versus-oil-and-grease-concentrations-cell-5-pl19969o.png Figure 3. PCB versus oil and grease concentrations, Cell 5 material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pah-versus-oil-and-grease-concentrations-cell-5-2g7zzyz5.png Figure 2. PAH versus oil and grease concentrations, Cell 5 material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-screen-undersize-6vaewy0r.png Figure 11. Screen undersize https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-powerscreen-ifaj61a1.png Figure 10. Powerscreen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-metals-versus-oil-and-grease-concentrations-cell-5-3g1qtcbj.png Figure 4. Metals versus oil and grease concentrations, Cell 5 material https://scispace.com/papers/soil-structure-foundation-interaction-analysis-of-new-roller-v5uma187x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-o3hxzkfp.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-phase-microextraction-spme-followed-by-on-fiber-174bv9new7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-modes-for-extraction-and-on-fiber-2hvso94d.png Figure 1. Comparison of modes for extraction and on-fiber derivatization by SPME: (a) traditional headspace extraction, (b) extraction by direct immersion of fiber, (c) extraction by direct immersion of fiber using a capillary tube, (d) liquid-liquid extraction from solvent B to solvent A followed by SPME from solvent A in a capillary tube holding the sample volume, (e) derivatization of extracted analyte which is already adsorbed onto SPME fiber. Note: When heat is applied, vials were housed in an aluminum block as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mass-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-derivatized-solasodine-5up98nmu.png Figure 7. Mass GC-MS chromatogram of derivatized solasodine after SPME extraction of solasodine solution (300 mg/L) and on-fiber derivatization-(CW-DVB fiber). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-ion-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-derivatized-1so4swg7.png Figure 2. Total ion GC-MS chromatogram of derivatized standard solanidine solution (300 mg/L) after SPME extraction (CW-DVB fiber); a ¼ underivatized cholesterol (IS); a1 ¼ derivatized cholesterol; b ¼ underivatized solanidine; b1 ¼ derivatized solanidine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mass-spectra-of-a-peak-c-and-b-peak-d-from-fig-5-1ig4q1sp.png Figure 6. Mass spectra of (a) peak ‘c’ and (b) peak ‘d’ from Fig. 5 (coming from derivatized solasodine). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mass-spectrum-of-derivatized-solanidine-after-spme-8knwzt5g.png Figure 4. Mass spectrum of derivatized solanidine after SPME extraction and onfiber derivatization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-ion-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-derivatized-35eg9iig.png Figure 3. Total ion GC-MS chromatogram of derivatized standard solanidine solution (30 mg/L) after SPME extraction (CW-DVB fiber); a1 ¼ cholesterol; b1 ¼ solanidine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gc-ms-chromatogram-of-underivatized-solanidine-fg1zab9i.png Figure 8. GC-MS chromatogram of underivatized solanidine solution (1000 mg/L methanol-acetic acid) after extraction onto a CW-DVB SPME fiber using the method shown in Fig. 1d where solvent A ¼ hexane and solvent B ¼ methanol-acetic acid after SPME extraction; b ¼ solanidine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mass-spectrum-peak-b-underivatized-solanidine-in-2smpk0vi.png Figure 9. Mass spectrum peak ‘b’ (underivatized solanidine) in the GC chromatogram of Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/papers/soliton-generation-in-active-nonlinear-metamaterials-2hxyk6q4qo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observation-of-solitons-in-left-handed-transmission-3fns8apc.png FIG. 2. Observation of solitons in left-handed transmission lines: (a) soliton waveform (solid), envelope (thick solid), and phase evolution (dashed) and (b) soliton spectrum in logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-experimental-setup-nonlinear-left-handed-25145604.png FIG. 1. Schematic experimental setup: Nonlinear left-handed transmission line output is amplified and connected to its input. Near-field probe placed above the transmission line measures the spatial distribution of the electric field in the line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electric-field-amplitude-in-arbitrary-units-a-b-c-and-2o1uklcv.png FIG. 3. Electric field amplitude in arbitrary units (a, b, c) and phase in degrees (d, e, f) dynamics in the LH NLTL experimentally measured at the reverse bias voltages of 11.7 V, 9.6 V, and 13.1 V, respectively, and shown on the plane of parameters of coordinate and time. Bottom row of plots shows schematically three regimes of soliton generation observed in the structure. https://scispace.com/papers/solubility-of-carbon-dioxide-ethane-methane-oxygen-nitrogen-3ks00rbsvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-continued-31d48f2h.png FIGURE 5 (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-values-of-gas-solubilities-in-bmimbf4-2h9ir1ao.png TABLE 1 Experimental values of gas solubilities in bmimBF4 expressed both as Henry s law constants, KH and as mole fraction, x2 corrected for a partial pressure of solute of 0.1 MPa, p is the experimental equilibrium pressure and deviations are relative to the correlation of the data reported in table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-33dibrsb.png TABLE 3 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-partial-molar-gibbs-energy-of-solution-of-the-gases-14bk32ba.png FIGURE 4. Partial molar Gibbs energy of solution of the gases in [bmim][BF4] as a function of temperature: h, carbon dioxide; s, ethane; j, methane; d, oxygen; m, nitrogen; e, hydrogen; ., argon; r, carbon monoxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solubility-apparatus-used-in-this-work-vp-vacuum-3bsevydr.png FIGURE 1. Solubility apparatus used in this work: VP vacuum pump; TP, cold trap; VG, vacuum gauge; M, precision manometer; TB, thermostated liquid bath; EC, equilibrium cell; V1, V2, V3, constant volume glass valves; C1, C2, vacuum O ring connections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-partial-molar-enthalpy-of-solution-left-and-partial-shuz2mfi.png FIGURE 5 (continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-henry-s-law-constants-for-co2-in-bmim-bf4-present-2nv08iiw.png FIGURE 3. Henry s law constants for CO2 in [bmim][BF4]: —, present results; — —, data from reference [3]; j, data from reference [2]; m, data from reference [4] s, data from reference [12]; – –, values from reference [3] calculated with a = 1.4 · 10 4; , data from reference [3] calculated with a = 2.3 · 10 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gas-solubilities-in-bmim-bf4-expressed-as-mole-2vr87dcb.png FIGURE 2. Gas solubilities in [bmim][BF4] expressed as mole fraction and as a function of temperature: h, carbon dioxide; s, ethane; j, methane; d, oxygen; m, nitrogen; e, hydrogen; ., argon; r, carbon monoxide. Lines represent the smoothed data using the parameters in table 2. In the lower plot are represented the data for the six less soluble gases in an expanded scale. https://scispace.com/papers/solving-segment-routing-problems-with-hybrid-constraint-15515dnvy9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-state-of-the-internal-structure-before-left-and-after-28xpea6y.png Fig. 7. State of the internal structure before (left) and after (right) visiting node b. First, node b exchanges its position with the node at position V in nodes, i.e., c. Then, V is incremented and R is set to |N|. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-load-of-the-40-most-loaded-edges-before-left-and-after-3dqrv041.png Fig. 9. Load of the 40 most loaded edges before (left) and after (right) optimization on a synthetic topology and two real ones. The load of many links have to be reduced to improve the maximum load on the artificial topologies while only a few have to be considered on the real ones. Real topologies contain more bottleneck links. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-segment-routing-header-with-two-segments-prepended-2putd9mg.png Fig. 1. A segment routing header with two segments prepended to a packet. First, the packet is sent to router d using the ECMP path from s to d (assuming unary link costs). Then, the packet is sent to the next label b following the ECMP path from d to b. Finally, all the segments have been processed and the original packet is sent to its destination t using the ECMP path from b to t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-partial-sr-path-left-and-its-corresponding-sr-path-1o9qbg98.png Fig. 5. A partial SR-path (left) and its corresponding SR-path variable (right). The SR-path variable maintains the partial sequence of visited nodes from the source s to the destination t and a set of candidates. Candidates represent the possible direct successors of the last visited node. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-topologies-and-results-1qplko3r.png Table 2. Topologies and results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-sparse-set-based-implementation-offers-optimal-2tmmf5im.png Table 1. A sparse-set-based implementation offers optimal time-complexities for several operations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-incremental-sequence-variable-implemented-in-a-3lrufffq.png Fig. 6. An incremental sequence variable implemented in a sparse set. The sequence of visited nodes is s, d the set of candidates is {a, b, c}. Node t is not a valid candidate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-different-sr-paths-based-on-the-forwarding-cyn2syxb.png Fig. 3. Three different SR-paths based on the forwarding graphs of Fig. 2. An SR-path is represented by the sequence of nodes (top) corresponding to the extremities of its forwarding graphs (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/some-algorithmic-improvements-for-the-containment-problem-of-kuhgzu6r6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pure-subgraphs-of-q2-q1-v-q2-1oyckt52.png Fig. 3. Pure subgraphs of q2 (q1 v q2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-homomorphisms-from-q2-to-q1-and-q-1-3a3i5t59.png Fig. 2. Graph homomorphisms from Q2 to Q′1 and Q ′′ 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-queries-as-graphs-3bd14o8p.png Fig. 1. Queries as graphs https://scispace.com/papers/some-determinants-of-the-existence-of-go-v-ernment-websites-mz4mkkadhv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-distribution-of-853-municipalities-in-minas-rd5yqbcz.png Figure 1 Spatial Distribution of 853 Municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by Social, Economic, and Political Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-853-municipalities-in-minas-gerais-32v4kuhb.png Table 2 Percentage of 853 Municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with Executive Branch Websites by Social, Economic, and Political Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-distribution-of-853-municipalities-in-3vk28hhl.png Table 1 Quantitative Distribution of 853 Municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by Social, Economic, and Political Variables https://scispace.com/papers/some-elastic-effects-in-crystal-growth-3cuziqvna8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elastic-interaction-in-between-a-2-adatoms-1lmj6awe.png Figure 2: Elastic interaction in between: a/ 2 adatoms considered as elastic dipoles (D=0,m=1), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-batio3-100-mgo-100-al2o3-0211-lattice-image-of-the-ox08lz8b.png Figure 18: BaTiO3(100)//MgO(100)Al2O3( 0211 ): Lattice image of the MgAl2O4 spinel reaction layer between the MgO buffer layer and the sapphire substrate (courtesy of C.H. Lei et al [129]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-dislocation-entrance-on-the-es-the-box-3peiz7ew.png Figure 10: Effect of dislocation entrance on the ES. The box shaped crystal accumulates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-adatom-sticking-is-easier-onto-an-upper-step-d-d-19q6crep.png Figure 14: a/ Adatom sticking is easier onto an upper step (D->D+). Then since the number of atoms that reach a terrace is proportional to the terrace area, a terrace larger than its neighbours becomes smaller, thus all terraces reach the same size, each step reaches the same velocity and step flow mechanism occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-residual-misfit-m-versus-the-film-thickness-h-2nevpr4w.png Figure 13: Residual misfit m’ versus the film thickness h calcul ted for mo=-4% and ∆s∞=0±2.3 Jm-2 (see appendix G). The growing film remains pseudomorphous to its substrate up to h= hc. Beyond this critical thickness hc the misfit is partially accommodated by dislocation entrance and the residual elastic misfit decreases with the thickness h>hc of the film. For ∆s∞=0 and mo=-4%, hc≈5.4 ML. A positive surface stress change ∆s∞=2.3 Jm-2 decreases hc to 2.6 ML whereas negative surface stress change ∆s∞=-2.3Jm-2 increase hc to hc≈7.5 ML. The case Ge/Si (100) corresponds to mo=-4%, ∆s∞=2.3 Jm-2 [94] and thus hc≈2.6 ML. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-azaro-tiller-grienfeld-instability-of-a-planar-1olz34ri.png Figure 3: Azaro-Tiller-Grienfeld instability of a planar surface under an external uniaxially stress σσ =// . When the surface develops a 1D sinusoidal undulation hcosωx, h>0, Oz pointing in the bulk, the surface at first order develops a stress concentration either tensile (σ>0) or compressive (σ<0) in the valleys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-elastic-energy-relaxation-factor-3-rr-d-versus-2lo7q266.png Figure 7: Elastic energy relaxation factor )(3 rR D versus shape ratio l/hr= https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1c-illustration-of-the-complementary-nature-for-a-j0bk9yla.png Figure 1c: Illustration of the complementary nature for a given face (3) of the two intrinsic surface properties, sur(inter)face stress and strain at mechanical equilibrium. https://scispace.com/papers/some-experiments-on-clustering-similar-sentences-of-texts-in-2g5q6qiuhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sispi-architecture-3rv5ywhn.png Fig. 1. SiSPI architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-results-obtained-for-each-similarity-measure-1dj1zprd.png Table 2. Average results obtained for each similarity measure with different thresholds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-cluster-generated-by-sispi-with-tf-idf-0-2g09s3d5.png Fig. 2. Example of a cluster generated by SiSPI with TF-IDF-0.4 version https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-results-obtained-for-tf-idf-and-tf-isf-with-2obvfj09.png Table 1. Average results obtained for TF-IDF and TF-ISF with 4 different centroid sizes https://scispace.com/papers/some-implications-of-a-scale-invariant-model-of-statistical-47nxkknmnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dissipation-of-energy-from-global-v-w-k-to-local-v-1pnltuf3.png Figure 2. Dissipation of energy from global (V, , W, K) to local (v, , w, ): (a) translational (b) rotational (c) vibrational (d) gravitational degrees of freedom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-of-a-medium-as-measured-by-an-observer-that-2noi3jmy.png Figure 3. Density of a medium as measured by an observer that is (A) stationary (B) moving with respect to the medium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-scale-invariant-model-of-statistical-mechanics-1e77yve4.png Figure 1. A Scale-invariant model of statistical mechanics. Equilibrium--Dynamics on the left-hand-side and nonequilibrium Laminar--Dynamics on the right-hand-side for scales = g, p, h, f, e, c, m, a, s, k, and t as defined in Section 2. Characteristic lengths of (system, element, https://scispace.com/papers/some-links-between-cosserat-strain-gradient-crystal-2qx3sfscrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-periodic-shearing-of-a-two-phase-laminate-3bwozl8m.png Figure 3. Periodic shearing of a two–phase laminate microstructure. From top to bottom: initial finite element mesh (hard phase in white), prescribed glide E12 = 0.01 according to classical crystal plasticity, prescribed glide E12 = 0.01 according to Cosserat crystal plasticity, prescribed glide E12 = −0.01 according to Cosserat crystal plasticity. The plotted field is |γ|. The material parameters are µ = 26920 MPa, τc = 10 MPa, β = 10 MPa.mm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dislocation-bowing-in-the-soft-phase-a-part-of-the-ynrdrscb.png Figure 2. Dislocation bowing in the soft phase. A part of the loop gliding in the plane 1-3 is shown, with the curved (originally screw) section and edge segments at the soft / hard phase interface. The resolved shear stress τ and Burgers vector b are indicated. Labels s and h are used to designate the soft and hard phase, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-stress-strain-curve-for-the-cycling-shearing-28s3wyf0.png Figure 4. Mean stress–strain curve for the cycling shearing of a two–phase laminate microstructure (µ = 26920 MPa, τc = 10 MPa, β = 10 MPa.mm2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rectangular-array-of-parallel-edge-dislocation-2r0my900.png Figure 1. Rectangular array of parallel edge dislocation considered by Kröner [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-stress-strain-curve-for-the-cycling-shearing-1q0x5pib.png Figure 4. Mean stress–strain curve for the cycling shearing of a two–phase laminate microstructure (µ = 26920 MPa, τc = 10 MPa, β = 10 MPa.mm2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-periodic-shearing-of-a-two-phase-laminate-2leyis9t.png Figure 3. Periodic shearing of a two–phase laminate microstructure. From top to bottom: initial finite element mesh (hard phase in white), prescribed glide E12 = 0.01 according to classical crystal plasticity, prescribed glide E12 = 0.01 according to Cosserat crystal plasticity, prescribed glide E12 = −0.01 according to Cosserat crystal plasticity. The plotted field is |γ|. The material parameters are µ = 26920 MPa, τc = 10 MPa, β = 10 MPa.mm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dislocation-bowing-in-the-soft-phase-a-part-of-the-3tplmnk5.png Figure 2. Dislocation bowing in the soft phase. A part of the loop gliding in the plane 1-3 is shown, with the curved (originally screw) section and edge segments at the soft / hard phase interface. The resolved shear stress τ and Burgers vector b are indicated. Labels s and h are used to designate the soft and hard phase, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rectangular-array-of-parallel-edge-dislocation-2n52jily.png Figure 1. Rectangular array of parallel edge dislocation considered by Kröner [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/some-optimised-schemes-for-1d-korteweg-de-vries-equation-5707a33reu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-for-the-schemes-att-3-whenk-0-0015-for-1-3f6m81h0.png Table 1: Errors for the schemes atT = 3 whenk = 0.0015 for 1-soliton experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conservation-laws-errors-for-the-schemes-at-timet-3-2134wg82.png Table 3: Conservation laws errors for the schemes at timeT = 3 whenk = 0.0015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dispersion-error-and-conservation-laws-errors-for2-18n5xm4s.png Figure 8: Dispersion error and conservation laws errors for2-soliton solution for all the schemes at time T = 3 whenk = 0.0015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-plot-of-ietam-and-iebogey-versush-1cpbl85z.png Figure 9: The plot of IETAM and IEBOGEY versush. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-graph-ofu-x-t-versusx-for-single-soliton-c4c0fr2a.png Figure 4: The graph ofu(x, t) versusx for single soliton problem for all the schemes withk = 0.0015. In (a), (c) and (d),h = 0.1680 and in (b)h = 0.1350. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-graph-ofu-x-t-versusx-for-double-soliton-2rdq33p5.png Figure 7: The graph ofu(x, t) versusx for double soliton problem for all the schemes at timeT = 3 with k = 0.0015. In (a), (c) and (d),h = 0.1680 and in (b)h = 0.1350. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-graph-ofu-x-t-versusx-for-single-soliton-1gn0gvbz.png Figure 3: The graph ofu(x, t) versusx for single soliton problem for all the schemes withk = 0.0015. In (a), (c) and (d),h = 0.1680 and in (b)h = 0.1350. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-relative-phase-error-versus-phase-angle-7e95a7qn.png Figure 1: Plot of relative phase error versus phase angle forZ-K scheme. The same profiles can be used for the new proposed schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/soot-combustion-over-niobium-doped-cryptomelane-k-oms-2-3altavf5pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-and-textural-parameters-of-nb-k-oms-2-yjho628h.png Table 2. Structural and textural parameters of Nb/K-OMS-2 derived from TEM and EDX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-haadf-stem-a1-and-edx-a2-a5-analysis-of-k-oms-2-2wguei9r.png Figure 3. HAADF STEM (a1) and EDX (a2–a5) analysis of K-OMS-2 nanorods. The corresponding analysis was performed for niobium-doped cryptomelane nanorods (Nb/K-OMS-2): 3 wt% Nb (b1– b5), 7 wt% Nb (c1–c5), 23 wt% Nb (d1–d5), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-x-ray-absorption-spectra-of-the-bare-and-nb-doped-21f3q3w3.png Figure 5. X-ray absorption spectra of the bare and Nb-doped sample with 7 and 23% loading together with the reference spectra of MnO (light gray), Mn3O4 (gray), and MnO2 (black), respectively (a), and the correlation between the inflection point of the XAS spectra versus Mn average oxidation state (b). The average Mn oxidation states obtained for the bare (blue) and doped Nb 7 wt% (orange) and 23 wt% (green) samples is marked by the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffraction-patterns-a-and-raman-spectra-c-of-nb-k-2i5i7qb1.png Figure 1. Diffraction patterns (a) and Raman spectra (c) of Nb/K-OMS-2 with different dopant loadings (0–23 wt%) together with lattice strain (b) and the corresponding Raman peaks position (d) as a function of the niobium loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffraction-patterns-a-and-raman-spectra-c-of-nb-k-1tobbxjy.png Figure 1. Diffraction patterns (a) and Raman spectra (c) of Nb/K-OMS-2 with different dopant loadings (0–23 wt%) together with lattice strain (b) and the corresponding Raman peaks position (d) as a function of the niobium loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-high-resolution-spectra-of-mn-3s-a-nb-3d-b-k-2p-c-39sg4xk1.png Figure 4. High resolution spectra of Mn 3s (a), Nb 3d (b), K 2p (c), and O 1s (d) regions on the surface of Nb/K-OMS-2 catalysts with various amounts of niobium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-and-textural-parameters-of-samples-from-12mb5cw9.png Table 1. Structural and textural parameters of samples from the Nb/K-OMS-2 series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-surface-xps-and-bulk-xrf-composition-of-investigated-3c6wopyc.png Table 3. Surface (XPS) and bulk (XRF) composition of investigated samples. https://scispace.com/papers/sorghum-genetic-enhancement-for-climate-change-adaptation-2jvsx7f9vq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-1-expression-of-stay-green-trait-in-sorghum-under-2k8w58da.png Fig. 14.1. Expression of stay-green trait (in sorghum) under receding soil moisture conditions in a vertisol (Photo courtesy: C Tom Hash, Santosh Deshpande and Vincent Vadez, ICRISAT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-2-predicted-changes-in-temperature-and-rainfall-in-2a22c092.png Table 14.2. Predicted changes in temperature and rainfall in the major sorghum growing areas (based on regional predictions for A1B scenario for the end of the twenty-first century). https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-1-sorghum-area-production-and-productivity-in-2007-26wwxo9y.png Table 14.1. Sorghum area, production, and productivity in 2007 for countries with substantial area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-5-sorghum-germplasm-and-breeding-lines-tolerant-to-28x5xx9s.png Table 14.5. Sorghum germplasm and breeding lines tolerant to drought at specific growth stages, ICRISAT-Patancheru, India. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-7-performance-of-selected-advanced-sorghum-b-lines-2e146zk0.png Table 14.7. Performance of selected advanced sorghum B-lines for grain mold tolerance and agronomic traits in 2008 rainy season at ICRISAT-Patancheru, India. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-4-details-of-the-sorghum-trait-specific-milo-and-h327kf6k.png Table 14.4. Details of the sorghum trait-specific (milo) and non-milo A-/B-pairs developed at ICRISAT-Patancheru. https://scispace.com/papers/sotagliflozin-in-patients-with-diabetes-and-chronic-kidney-3u11p038ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-end-point-and-secondary-end-points-1et65ttu.png Table 2. Primary End Point and Secondary End Points.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-patients-2or9o63u.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adverse-events-of-special-interest-according-to-2sdbpigm.png Table 3. Adverse Events of Special Interest, According to Composite Term.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-rgz6n0ml.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients.* https://scispace.com/papers/sources-of-pre-admission-medication-information-5ea6qlmj1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-each-pam-information-source-per-91kfqauf.png Table 1. Performance of each PAM information source per patient n (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-of-disagreement-with-gs-paml-for-each-source-14s6v4nk.png Figure 1. Types of disagreement with GS-PAML for each source GP = General Practitioner POD = Patient Own Drugs NH = Nursing Home GS-PAML = Gold Standard Pre-Admission Medication List https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-number-of-drugs-and-number-of-3tnq2us1.png Table 3. Correlation between number of drugs and number of disagreements on the PAML and the GS-PAML per list https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-agreement-between-paml-and-gs-paml-and-use-of-one-or-bn4kboac.png Table 2. Agreement between PAML and GS-PAML and use of one or more OTC medication. https://scispace.com/papers/sovereign-wealth-funds-and-corporate-governance-a-minimalist-2n972zb5l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-size-of-sovereign-wealth-funds-billions-us-13b4bpdk.png Table 1: Estimated size of Sovereign Wealth Funds (Billions US Dollars) https://scispace.com/papers/south-tasman-sea-alkenone-palaeothermometry-over-the-last-3szy9ko7r9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-g-bulloides-d18o-and-u37-k-sst-for-co-w2kn1o1h.png Fig. 3. G. bulloides δ18O and U37 K'-SST for co https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sst-maps-for-the-three-selected-time-horizons-1iuyjz46.png Fig. 5. SST maps for the three selected time horizons highlighted in Fig. 4, annual average at 0 m depth (Levitus, 1994)). Represented in circles are recon and MD97-2120 (Pahnke et al., 2003) averaged over the specific age inte uppermost reconstructed SST value, which in the case of TSP-2PC correspon (Ikehara et al., 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-locations-of-marine-cores-discussed-in-2tq631di.png Fig. 1. Map showing locations of marine cores discussed in this study and approximate paths and distribution of relevant fronts and main currents according to Garner (1959), Mulhearn (1987), Ridgway and Dunn (2003), Stanton (1976), Tilburg et al. (2001) and Tomczak and Godfrey (2003) (please refer to these works for more detail on specific paths of oceanic currents and fronts. Note that the shaded area corresponding to the Tasman Front (TF) includes the Tasman Sea region where this oscillating front can be found with most probability). U37 K'-SST data presented in this work corresponds to marine cores with filled black circles. Abbreviations are as follows: SEC=South Equatorial Current; EAC=East Australian Current; TF=Tasman Front; STF=Subtropical Front; SC=Southland Current. Map built using the online map creation tool from GEOMAR (http://www. aquarius.geomar.de/omc/omc_intro.html) based on GMT software (Wessel and Smith, 1995). Spirals represent cold and warm core eddies, which usually develop in this area (Tomczak and Godfrey, 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amplitude-of-u37-k-sst-change-degc-for-the-last-four-2i813341.png Table 1 Amplitude of U37 K'-SST change (°C) for the last four Terminations⁎ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-middle-panel-g-bulloides-d18o-and-u37-k-sst-for-core-o1vzhsw6.png Fig. 2. Middle panel, G. bulloides δ18O and U37 K'-SST for core SO136-GC3, west of New Zealand. Upper panel, G. ruberMg/Ca-SST from equatorial Pacific core ODP 806 (Lea et al., 2000) for comparison and qualitative assessment of meridional gradients. In the lower panel we have depicted the oscillations of Earth obliquity (Laskar, 1990), note reversed axis. Short shaded areas highlight the conspicuous warm intervals prior to development of full glacial conditions before each deglaciation. Long shaded areas highlight conspicuous warm temperatures at the beginning of each interglacial stage. https://scispace.com/papers/space-constrained-selection-problems-for-data-warehouses-and-1l4njrhqeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-simanalgorithm-dviymfk6.png Figure 5. The SimAnalgorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-dimension-hierar-chies-on-two-dimensional-1h21b08a.png Figure 1. Example dimension hierar chies on two dimensional sales data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-tabu-algorithm-1uc8e0wg.png Figure 6. The Tabu algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-the-bondenalgorithms-3sxku7lj.png Figure 8. Performance of the BondEnalgorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-varying-the-graph-253nvcfk.png Figure 10. Varying the graph . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-the-bipar-tite-graph-1j7vltfo.png Figure 2. An example of the bipar tite graph . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-grbenspand-tabu-compared-to-optimal-3d4jge3o.png Figure 12. GrBenSpand Tabu compared to optimal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impr-ovement-in-the-grbenspsolution-by-siman-and-3tt6us99.png Table 1. Impr ovement in the GrBenSpsolution by SimAn and Tabu. https://scispace.com/papers/space-time-frequency-processing-of-acoustic-wave-fields-18mmnp95ef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-rectangular-windowing-on-for-a-36gslga0.png Fig. 5. Effects of rectangular windowing on for: (a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-estimation-of-the-parameters-of-in-a-wave-field-with-3c9p9tca.png Fig. 12. Estimation of the parameters of in a wave field with two far-field white noise sources at and , using two spatial samples separated by 8 times the Nyquist spacing (this adds more periods to the support functions). In the three cases shown, the acoustic scene consists of (a) a single source at , (b) a single source at , and (c) the two sources at and . The result, as expected, is a perfect sinusoid in (a) and (b), and a sum of distorted sinusoids in (c). The respective frequencies are estimated with a spatio-temporal version of the MUSIC algorithm, from which the parameters can be directly obtained by peak detection and proper scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-formulation-a-wave-field-processing-problem-a-1f1vy4m9.png Fig. 1. Basic formulation a wave field processing problem: (a) the sound pressure is taken along an arbitrary contour , possibly enclosing a source-free area ; (b) the resulting spatio-temporal signal goes through a digital signal processor operating in the spatio-temporal domain. Examples of output data include the source locations , the source signals , and the reconstructed sound pressure . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reference-table-of-mathematical-notation-25q725w3.png TABLE I REFERENCE TABLE OF MATHEMATICAL NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-space-time-manifold-generated-on-a-smooth-contour-3p4uvow4.png Fig. 6. Space-time manifold generated on a smooth contour , where is locally approximated by several spatio-temporal blocks . The resulting spectral blocks have different plane-wave content depending on the local properties of the wave field. In this example, the blocks on the left have more near-field characteristics than the blocks on the right, where the energy is more concentrated around the dominant direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-spatial-filtering-on-a-curved-contour-the-same-used-3bmfd7xf.png Fig. 11. Spatial filtering on a curved contour (the same used in previous figures) with 512 spatial samples satisfying Nyquist, in a scene with three Dirac sources. The goal is to apply a bandpass filter to the shaded source, in order to eliminate the other two. For each spatial block, the filter takes a different shape according to the relative direction of the desired source. An example for a random block is shown in (a), where the pass-band frequency range is given by the shaded region. The signals at the input and output of the complete filtering process are shown in (b) and (c), respectively. Note that the result in (c) would not be possible to obtain by simply taking the Fourier transform along the entire contour, which would result in a severely blurred spectrum. Instead, the spatial filters are applied on the Gabor decomposition shown in (d), which provides a sharper separation of the three sources in most of the blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-three-level-iterated-quincunx-filter-bank-that-ns08e76a.png Fig. 10. Three-level iterated quincunx filter bank that performs a uniform decomposition of the input spectra into directional subbands. The matrices and represent a parallelogram resampler followed by a quincunx resampler, and the filters and represent two diamond-shaped half-band filters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-representation-of-a-and-b-for-a-far-field-i7lngmhe.png Fig. 3. Spectral representation of: (a) and (b) for a far-field source. The bold line represents a Dirac function weighted by the spectrum of the source signal . The slope of the line depends on the angle of arrival of the wave front. https://scispace.com/papers/spaces-and-networks-concepts-for-social-stratification-4c659oym3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-view-of-a-subset-of-saltiels-34-occupations-3rvaofhy.png Fig. 1. View of a Subset of Saltiel’s 34 Occupations. https://scispace.com/papers/spare-modules-management-optimization-of-airspace-cn1kdfs0hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-series-reliability-configuration-2-2we8las0.png Figure 2 - Series reliability configuration [2] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-module-a-failures-per-years-1r05tdt7.png Table 1 - Module A failures per years https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-poisson-spares-stock-level-recommendation-123n4pks.png Table 4 - Poisson spares stock level recommendation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-years-statistics-of-mtbf-in-hours-for-module-a-22q6fm8m.png Table 2 - 3 years statistics of MTBF in hours for module A https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computation-of-cumulative-ttf-and-failure-per-hour-30lnhknb.png Table 3 - Computation of cumulative TTF and failure per hour https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-types-of-mortality-characteristics-2-6gt6eozd.png Figure 1 - Three types of mortality characteristics [2] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-of-non-repairable-spares-7-iadfl3yt.png Figure 3 - Representation of non-repairable spares [7] https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-component-analysis-in-presence-of-noise-using-an-4wwa493pap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-result-of-our-algorithm-in-three-cases-and-the-lp-3dr4dkqb.png Fig. 1. The result of our algorithm in three cases and the LP method. The parameters of simulation are m = 1000, p = .9, σr = 1, σn = .01, α = .8, σ (0) = σr and µ (0) = 10−6. Four iterations are used for EM-step and five iterations for the M-step (steepest descent). https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-iterative-closest-point-qp5y3vi0wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-qualitative-comparison-of-whole-in-part-1bv3c4pc.png Figure 7: A qualitative comparison of whole-in-part registration using point-to-point ICP. We compare two “robust weight functions” with the p-norm weight function presented in Equation 11. In (b) and (c) the weight functions fail to produce the correct registration because of the small amount of overlap, while our method succeeds in computing a perfect registration (a). It is interesting to note that the p-norm weight functions tend to infinity when approaching zero, strongly enforcing sparsity. We refer the reader to [MB93] for the definition of the robust weight functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-a-plot-of-the-penalty-functions-used-to-induce-2n6memnt.png Figure 2: (left) A plot of the penalty functions used to induce sparsity in our optimization; for small values of p, large outliers do not incur a large penalty in the optimization; this allows the optimization to effectively discard correspondence outliers when computing the optimal rigid transformation. (right) The alignment of the “coatie” dataset from [AMCO08] with several values of p matching the ones in the plot. By decreasing the value of p, the quality of the registration improves. The distribution of alignment residuals in the histograms highlights the sparse characteristics of our optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-partial-registration-of-two-synthetically-corrupted-1st6r9oz.png Figure 8: Partial registration of two synthetically corrupted laser scans (a) can be achieved even in the presence of a large amount of outliers in the source geometry by using a robust metric (b). The classical least-squares ICP (p = 2) fails to align the scans, as in this case the outliers heavily bias the estimation of the rigid alignment (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-we-align-two-models-with-partial-overlap-and-a-8q77252t.png Figure 9: We align two models with partial overlap and a large number of outliers in the target geometry. As our `p algorithm still employs closest point correspondences, we converge to the correct solution only when source and target are in relatively close proximity (a). Placing the models too far from each other will drive the optimization towards a bad local minimum (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-thinker-alignment-of-two-scans-obtained-by-3nhrkct4.png Figure 3: “The Thinker”: Alignment of two scans obtained by consumer-level depth cameras. Partial overlap and structured noise degrade the performance of `1-ICP. Robust `pICP achieves a more accurate registration, as can be observed in the leg and chair regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-an-analysis-of-the-convergence-rate-of-our-159wclif.png Figure 11: An analysis of the convergence rate of our algorithm for different values of p (top) and first order approximations (bottom). When p decreases, the number of iterations of the ICP algorithm increases. Higher order approximations drastically speed-up the convergence of the ICP algorithm. The initial alignment is shown on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-convergence-of-the-reweighting-approach-compared-387gb3z1.png Figure 10: Convergence of the reweighting approach compared to the ADMM method. When using point-to-point distances (top), iterative reweighting converges faster that ADMM. However, when using point-to-plane distances ADMM outperforms the iterative reweighting approach. The slow convergence of iterative reweighting in this case is due to the ill-conditioning of the associated linear system, as the weights vary in the range [0,∞]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-contrary-to-tricp-csk05-where-the-percentage-of-2k1nemu2.png Figure 12: Contrary to TrICP [CSK05], where the percentage of inliers k is a parameter of the algorithm, our approach automatically selects the set of inliers. As shown in this example, the set of inliers used at the last iteration of the registration (shown in black) is stable and accurate in our approach. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-autocorrelation-and-red-herrings-in-geographical-1ox1jo7z3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-of-the-multiple-regression-b-se-and-3fyz0hzf.png Table 1 Coefficients of the multiple regression (b ± SE) and associated t-tests for bird species richness regressed against environmental factors in the western Palearctic, according to ordinary least-squares (OLS) and spatial generalized least squares (GLS) models. In the GLS model, spatial structure was incorporated into the model by defining the covariance between pairs of quadrats as an exponential function of geographical distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-morans-i-in-the-first-distance-3jvc8zy4.png Fig. 4 Relationship between Moran’s I in the first distance class and the change in rank of importance of the environmental factors between OLS and GLS regression models. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-distribution-of-population-density-and-pressure-on-10qldcmhj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-shandong-province-23gdial0.png Figure 1 Location of Shandong Province https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spatial-pattern-of-pressure-index-on-cropland-in-3ovma9oo.png Figure 7 Spatial pattern of pressure index on cropland in Shandong during the 19th century and at the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-land-use-cover-in-shandong-province-y9atdra7.png Figure 2 Land use/cover in Shandong Province https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-relationship-and-regression-equation-of-c5k2tc0n.png Figure 3 Correlation relationship and regression equation of labor/household amount between the different https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-signal-recovery-in-mimo-specular-meteor-radars-with-1cwqpoa63a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-representing-two-kind-of-meteor-radar-mglgbepv.png Fig. 1. A sketch representing two kind of meteor radar networks: (a) a coherent MIMO radar (b) an incoherent MIMO radar. Only one receiver station is drawn for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-fig-3-recovery-performance-as-a-function-of-28rrpy9a.png Fig. 4. Same as Fig. 3. Recovery performance as a function of sparsity. In every simulation run, the simulated meteors had random SNR and were randomly located in range. Only colored bars for the last two techniques are included. M , N , and SNRmax were set to 1000, 2000, and 25 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-4-recovery-performance-as-a-function-of-1bm0sc3u.png Fig. 5. Same as Fig. 4. Recovery performance as a function of waveform length. N , K, and SNRmax were set to 1500, 100, and 25 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-comparison-of-recovery-techniques-as-a-180jrd4y.png Fig. 3. Performance comparison of recovery techniques as a function of SNR. Every simulation run contain two meteor targets with (a) both having the same SNR and (b) having a SNR difference indicated in the plot, with the weakest one fixed to -5dB. The colored bars indicate the average number of false echoes detected by each algorithm. During the simulation M , N , and K were set to 1000, 2000, and 10 respectively (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-comparison-of-recovery-techniques-with-3dduuvw8.png Fig. 6. Performance comparison of recovery techniques with data acquired in a meteor radar network in northern Germany. (a) Matched filter estimator (b) Least squares estimator (c) Sparse recovery using FaStOMP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-resumed-flow-chart-describing-the-sparse-algorithm-39u0ol25.png Fig. 2. A resumed flow chart describing the sparse algorithm used to recover specular meteor echoes. The red, yellow and green boxes represent the estimation and detection of the strong, medium and weak meteor echoes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stomp-algorithm-e9cw00y2.png TABLE I STOMP ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-of-a-target-spread-along-several-ranges-1kl7yo9h.png Fig. 7. An example of a target spread along several ranges recovered by the sparse approach. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-geometric-constraint-solving-based-on-k-connected-omdgwm4hpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-separating-triplet-is-p2-p3-p4-and-deficit-gs-0-u29qz32e.png Figure 2: Separating triplet is P2, P3, P4 and deficit(Gs) = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relation-between-split-graphs-and-cut-graph-2d9rb40r.png Figure 1: Relation between split graphs and cut graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-double-banana-problem-289y5dtb.png Figure 3: Double banana problem https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-patterns-for-reaction-diffusion-systems-with-4djvbchhrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2szdzmmi.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-174dubym.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3y7dchun.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-heterogeneity-in-distribution-and-ecology-of-western-4k5bd3gcrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extended-22y802jt.png TABLE 2. Extended. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-morisitas-index-in-relation-to-annual-adult-survival-5qe2atkk.png FIG. 5. Morisita’s index in relation to annual adult survival rate among different Western Palearctic passerine bird species. The line is from a linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-morisitas-index-in-relation-to-species-richness-of-1yjylsat.png FIG. 6. Morisita’s index in relation to species richness of blood parasites among different Western Palearctic passerine bird species. The line is from a linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-heterogeneity-in-distribution-3augdfxx.png TABLE 2. Extended. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-band-sharing-coefficient-in-relation-to-morisitas-214si2b0.png FIG. 4. Band-sharing coefficient in relation to Morisita’s index among different Western Palearctic bird species. Bandsharing coefficients were square-root arcsine-transformed. The line is from a linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-morisitas-index-in-relation-to-maximum-dispersal-pvpgwtvf.png FIG. 3. Morisita’s index in relation to maximum dispersal distance (km) among different Western Palearctic passerine bird species. The line is from a linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-hypothetical-relationships-between-heterogeneous-1tna05ll.png FIG. 1. (a) Hypothetical relationships between heterogeneous distribution and population connectivity, susceptibility to environmental change, and local adaptation. The set of variables hypothesized to be implied in each of these three scenarios is explained in detail in panels (b), (c), and (d), respectively. Relationships between different factors included in the present study are shown by arrows, with the direction of the effects being indicated by (þ) for a positive effect or ( ) for a negative effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-area-km2-of-different-european-countries-and-5n2xjv2h.png TABLE 1. Area (km2) of different European countries and delimitation of regions used for analyses of the coefficient of variation (CV) in population density in passerine birds from the Western Palearctic. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-patterns-and-temporal-variability-of-drought-in-3pryb5shbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-angular-coefficients-p1-and-intercepts-18u8paqc.png Table 1 Values of the angular coefficients (p1) and intercepts (p2), with 95% confidence bounds, of the linear trend in the rotated PC scores of the SPI-12 for different data sets and record length. The last two columns refer to the sum square error and the R-square statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-first-ten-eigenvalues-and-the-corresponding-error-bars-6umyc0tn.png Fig. 2 First ten eigenvalues and the corresponding error bars at 95% confidence level for the principal components of the SPI-12 computed using rain gauge data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-b-first-two-rotated-loading-patterns-r-loading-of-2mnj5sl8.png Fig. 5 a, b First two rotated loading patterns (R-Loading) of the SPI-12 computed using NCEP/NCAR precipitation data, and c, d the corresponding standardized rotated PC scores (RPC) for the period October 1966–September 2000. Dashed line denotes the fitting linear trend https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-series-of-the-12-month-running-mean-soi-from-aq6hhxtr.png Fig. 8 Time series of the 12-month running mean SOI from October 1966 to September 2000 (solid line) and the SPI-12 (dashed line) for a the station Shiraz, b the station Orumieh https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-b-first-two-rotated-loading-patterns-r-loading-of-3t70y0x5.png Fig. 7 a, b First two rotated loading patterns (R-Loading) of the SPI-12 computed using NCEP/NCAR precipitation data from January 1948 to December 2007, and c, d the corresponding standardized rotated PC scores (RPC) for the period December 1948–December 2007. Dashed line denotes the fitting linear trend https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-b-first-two-rotated-loading-patterns-r-loading-of-2pv2a0zj.png Fig. 3 a, b First two rotated loading patterns (R-Loading) of the SPI-12 in western Iran computed using rain gauge data, and c, d the corresponding standardized rotated PC scores (RPC) for the period October 1966–September 2000. Dashed line denotes the fitting linear trend. Black bullets in a and b are the locations of the stations Shiraz and Orumieh considered representative of the two identified sub-regions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-time-behaviors-of-the-first-rotated-pc-scores-rpc-1-3jrhspcz.png Fig. 6 a Time behaviors of the first rotated PC scores (RPC-1) of the SPI-12 computed using rain gauge observations (solid line) and NCEP/NCAR precipitation data (dashed line); b as before for the second rotated PC scores (RPC-2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-behaviors-of-a-rpc-1-and-spi-12-for-the-station-1xzf9div.png Fig. 4 Time behaviors of: a RPC-1 and SPI-12 for the station Shiraz in the south, b RPC-2 and SPI-12 for the station Orumieh in the north https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-spillovers-in-public-expenditure-on-a-municipal-8dh5irltgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-administrative-division-autonomous-communities-and-36tpyy57.png Fig. 1 Administrative division. Autonomous Communities and municipalities https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-variations-in-surface-sediment-structure-in-riffle-15ujdpsas3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-trends-in-field-measurements-and-dtm-2qlum5gs.png Table 2: Summary of trends in field measurements and DTM analysis 1160 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-spatial-distribution-of-shear-stress-and-flow-1n7f6au1.png Figure 10: The spatial distribution of shear stress and flow velocity in a model run 1123 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-methods-of-measuring-grain-exposure-a-diagram-18vczfv6.png Figure 2: Methods of measuring grain exposure: a) Diagram showing grain for which 1062 exposure is being measured (white, thick outline) and sheltering grains. Sheltering 1063 grains are shaded according to their upstream distance relative to the maximum 1064 sheltering distance; darker grains exert a larger sheltering effect than lighter grains 1065 and white grains have no impact. b) Face of grain shaded according to upstream 1066 distance of sheltering grain, i.e. the value of weighting s. White areas have no shelter 1067 (s = 1), whereas black areas are highly sheltered (s ~ 0). c) 1D measurements of grain 1068 protrusion (p) and exposure (e). d) Variation in the width (W) of the exposed grain in 1069 (b) with height below the top of the grain (h). W and h are normalised by grain 1070 diameter (D). e) Variation in the width-averaged sheltering value (s) on the grain face 1071 in (b) with height. Sheltering varies from 1 (complete exposure over the maximum 1072 sheltering distance) to 0 (area of the grain is in contact with sheltering grains). 1073 1074 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distributions-of-shear-stress-across-patches-under-remvkupv.png Figure 11: Distributions of shear stress across patches under different 1128 parameterisations of Manning’s n. For each parameterisation the discharge shown is 1129 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-distributions-of-critical-entrainment-shear-gj5u2zs9.png Figure 12: a) Distributions of critical entrainment shear stress (τc) for grains in pool, 1137 pool exit and riffle facies, as predicted by grain entrainment model runs A and B. See 1138 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-and-topography-of-the-21-8-km-2-scm50k28.png Figure 1: Location and topography of the 21.8 km 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1054-1tob379i.png Figures 1054 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-between-the-distributions-of-critical-3gwblzjf.png Figure 13: Comparison between the distributions of critical entrainment shear stress 1147 (τc) predicted from the field data and the distributions of shear stress predicted by the 1148 CFD model using a) standard and b) low parameterisation of Manning’s n. Each plot 1149 shows the percentage of grains that would be entrained by different percentiles of the 1150 CFD shear stress distribution. Distributions of τc are predicted for grains in pool, pool 1151 exit and riffle facies using both models A and B. Results are shown for all seven 1152 discharges used in the flow model; the bold line shows the optimum discharge. This 1153 figure is available in colour online. 1154 https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-dispersed-corporate-headquarters-a-historical-3scdo25gir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-likelihood-of-a-spatially-dispersed-chq-first-step-2i5az4kr.png TABLE 3: Likelihood of a spatially dispersed CHQ (First step: logit model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multinomial-logit-regression-results-likelihood-of-a-3p81d7ed.png TABLE 4: Multinomial logit regression results: Likelihood of a spatially dispersed CHQ https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-effects-of-a-spatially-dispersed-chq-awc9sqrm.png TABLE 5: Performance effects of a spatially dispersed CHQ (Second step: OLS regression model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-3b27qlpl.png TABLE 2: Descriptive statistics and correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-studies-on-hq-dispersion-non-exhaustive-2l4nzgi5.png TABLE 1: Selected studies on HQ dispersion (non-exhaustive) https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-elasticity-patterns-in-extracellular-matrix-48u5fungw1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nano-gisaxs-of-hydra-ecm-mesoglea-a-top-left-body-tpbfqzer.png Figure 1. Nano-GISAXS of Hydra ECM mesoglea. (a) Top left: body design of sweet water polyp Hydra. Mesoglea (red) was isolated by freeze thawing. Top right: phase contrast microscopy image of an isolated mesoglea. Scale bar: 500 µm. Bottom: experimental setup of nano-GISAXS. Isolated mesoglea was placed on a Si3N4 window and illuminated by a nano-focused X-ray beam (diameter: 200 nm) at a grazing incidence angle αi = 0.46°. Scattering patterns obtained from mesoglea, whose body axis was positioned parallel (b) and perpendicular (c) to the beam (see inset yellow arrow). The reciprocal lattice is indicated in white, and the lattice vectors in red. (d) Lattice parameters in real space (a, b, γ) calculated from the directions parallel (top) and perpendicular (middle) to the major body axis. For comparison, the lattice parameters from the reference sample (collagen type I from rat tail tendon) [21] are presented (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-light-microscopy-image-of-hydra-magnipapillata-rw4r73gv.png Figure 5. (a) Light microscopy image of Hydra magnipapillata treated with GSK3β inhibitor, Alsterpaullone (Alp) at t = 3 d. (b) The same animal treated with Alp at t = 3 d. (c) Elasticity pattern of mesoglea isolated from Alp-treated Hydra. The elastic moduli were low over the entire body column, which is clearly different from intact mesoglea (Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elasticity-mapping-of-hydra-mesoglea-a-a-typical-25i4kj7z.png Figure 2. Elasticity mapping of Hydra mesoglea. (a) A typical force (voltage) – distance curve (gray circles) of a mesoglea isolated from a freshly detached Hydra. Three contact point candidates (indicated by arrows) and the corresponding fits are presented for comparison. (b) The optimization of the fit by minimizing the mean sum of square residuals (SSR) during the marching of the contact point candidate. The optimal contact point (red) yields the bulk elastic modulus E = 29.7 kPa. (c) Phase contrast microscopy image of a mesoglea isolated from a freshly detached Hydra. The relative position from the foot (d = 0) to mouth (d = 1.0) along the body axis is used for the normalization of spatial information. Scale bar: 500 µm. (d) “Elasticity map” of Hydra mesoglea along the body axis. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation out of 8 independent measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatiotemporal-patterns-of-ecm-elasticity-and-3dbo66p3.png Figure 6. Spatiotemporal patterns of ECM elasticity and protease expression. (a) Freshly detached Hydra (t = 0 d) possesses uniform, soft mesoglea (type A), associated with moderate and uniform protease expression level. (b) According to aging (t = 3 d), the down-regulation in the budding region leads to the elevation of elastic moduli, resulting in type B/C patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mesoglea-proteome-analysis-a-protein-expression-2po38f4h.png Figure 4. Mesoglea proteome analysis. (a) Protein expression difference was analyzed between mesoglea of freshly detached animals (t = 0 d, grey) and mesoglea from mature animals. The mesoglea from mature animals (t = 3 d) were separated into that form upper gastric and head region (orange) and lower gastric and budding region (yellow). Multiple sample ANNOVA analysis, using a p-value threshold of 0.05, revealed significant expression differences of four proteins between the samples. (b) Domain structures of MMP- and Astacin-like proteases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-representative-elasticity-phenotypes-of-hydra-31ermu4w.png Figure 3. Three representative elasticity phenotypes of Hydra mesoglea (n = 38). (a) Type A is characterized by a uniform, soft mesoglea. (b) Type B shows higher elastic moduli in peduncle and budding regions compared to the head region. (d) Type C looks similar to type B, but the elasticity in the peduncle region is distinctly lower. (d) Overlay of three representative elasticity patterns. https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-niche-separation-of-planktonic-2oyxmqgprr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-means-of-the-relative-contributions-of-the-2x7awhic.png Table 1. Annual means of the relative contributions of the studied populations to all Betaproteobacteria (i.e. cells hybridized with probe Bet42a) and to Betaproteobacteria with visible amino acid incorporation (MAR+ cells) of the studied sampling depths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogenetic-affiliation-of-betaproteobacterial-36dcotcv.png Fig. 2. Phylogenetic affiliation of betaproteobacterial sequence types from four 16S rRNA gene clone libraries obtained at different time points and depths (in bold). Partial sequences are shown with dotted lines, and identical sequences (similarity 99.9% or higher) are presented in one line. The scale bar represents 10% estimated sequence divergence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-annual-ranges-in-brackets-of-relative-1yp3awl4.png Table 2. Means and annual ranges (in brackets) of relative abundances (in percentage of DAPI) and of cells with visible amino acid incorporation (MAR+ cells) (in percentage of MAR+ DAPI) of the studied betaproteobacterial clades. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-and-vertical-patterns-of-abundance-105-cells-3nireo8t.png Fig. 3. Seasonal and vertical patterns of abundance (105 cells ml-1) and amino acid uptake activity (AA uptake, in per cent of all probe-positive cells) of bacteria from the beta I clade (as detected by probe R-BT065). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seasonal-and-vertical-patterns-of-abundance-105-cells-3vpbu4m6.png Fig. 4. Seasonal and vertical patterns of abundance (105 cells ml-1) and amino acid uptake activity (AA uptake, in per cent of all probe-positive cells) of bacteria from the beta II clade (as detected by probe Bet2-870, left panels) and abundances of bacteria from the PnecB and PnecC subclades of beta II (105 cells ml-1, right panels). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-seasonal-and-vertical-patterns-of-abundance-105-cells-d9awyy6d.png Fig. 5. Seasonal and vertical patterns of abundance (105 cells ml-1) and amino acid uptake activity (AA uptake, in per cent of all probe-positive cells) of bacteria from the beta IV clade (as detected by probe MET1217). No MAR data were produced for fractions of probe-positive cells below 1.5% of total (DAPI) counts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-redundancy-analysis-biplot-showing-the-different-2y7ac5tc.png Fig. 6. Redundancy analysis biplot showing the different betaproteobacterial clades in cell numbers ( ) and visible amino acid incorporation ( ) in relation to the strongest environmental variables. The eigenvalues of the two axes are given in brackets. Oxygen, oxygen concentrations; DP, dissolved phosphorus concentration; temp, temperature; Chla: chlorophyll a concentrations; NO3: nitrate concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seasonal-and-vertical-fluctuations-of-different-17wvt3xg.png Fig. 1. Seasonal and vertical fluctuations of different environmental parameters in Piburger See during the study period (February 2005–February 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/spatiotemporal-characteristics-of-drought-occurrences-over-3zsgwgfn6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-to-bottom-historical-drought-map-edi-from1902-to-2m1l73m9.png FIG. 6. (top to bottom) Historical drought map (EDI) from1902 to 2009. The T and G1–G4 labels denote the averaged EDI over national and group droughts, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-definition-of-drought-events-and-properties-using-edi-exvkhpgj.png FIG. 1. Definition of drought events and properties using EDI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-locations-of-50-observation-stations-in-japan-shaded-26nre1v0.png FIG. 2. Locations of 50 observation stations in Japan. Shaded area indicates topography. Precipitation records from all stations for 1901–2009 were available. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-onset-and-end-dates-and-durations-of-historical-9y78kzsx.png TABLE 3. Onset and end dates and durations of historical national droughts. Also listed are the minimum values and dates of T-EDI, and the station numbers with the minimum EDIs among all stations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-return-periods-durations-severities-onset-dates-and-2w14d4ly.png FIG. 10. Return periods, durations, severities, onset dates, and minimum EDI values of historical national droughts. Long-duration or high-intensity droughts have a longer return period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cluster-analysis-from-monthly-minimum-edi-1902-2009-a-1viux7fs.png FIG. 3. Cluster analysis from monthly minimum EDI (1902–2009). (a) Between-groups correlation for monthly minimum EDI. The number of divisions ranges from 1 to 49. (b) Spatial distribution of drought clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-deviation-in-precipitation-from-1901-to-2009-normal-3ld1393u.png FIG. 8. Deviation in precipitation from 1901 to 2009. Normal value of precipitation is 1560.7 mm. Gray solid line represents the linear trend of precipitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-series-of-the-monthly-mean-edi-solid-gray-curve-dquy1cnj.png FIG. 7. Time series of the monthly mean EDI (solid gray curve) from 1902 to 2009. Solid black lines indicate regime shifts calculated using the sequential method (version 3.2; Rodionov 2006) with the threshold significance level p 5 0.1, cutoff length l 5 10 yr, and Huber’s weight parameters set to 6. https://scispace.com/papers/special-issue-on-3d-printing-opportunities-and-applications-3iuzj483xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3dp-supply-chain-continuous-performance-improvement-3geudasb.png Figure 1: 3DP supply chain continuous performance improvement cycle https://scispace.com/papers/specifying-and-monitoring-obligations-in-open-multiagent-3ktpuea69m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-the-ontology-properties-lam3k53l.png Fig. 1 Graphical representation of the ontology. Properties are represented with dotted lines, solid lines are used for subclasses. https://scispace.com/papers/specific-heat-discontinuity-in-impure-two-band-xt7709r463 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-critical-curve-tc-t-for-the-two-band-model-the-1ioovkkw.png FIG. 1. ~a! Critical curve Tc(t) for the two-band model: the reduced critical temperatureu5Tc(t)/Tc0 vs dimensionless scatter ing rate x05\/2pkBTc0t}rel(Tc). The set of parameters corre sponds to MgB2; for details see the text.~b! Reduced specific-hea jump DC/Cn(Tc) as a function of the dimensionless scattering r xc5\/2pkBTct}rel(Tc)/Tc for the same set of parameters. Th dashed line indicates the asymptotic~BCS! value for xc@1. The curve will be shifted up by about 20% due to strong-coupling fects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-critical-curvesu5tc-tc0-vs-x05-2pkbtc0t-for-different-3jpsh6vj.png FIG. 2. Critical curvesu5Tc /Tc0 vs x05\/2pkBTc0t for different gap anisotropieŝx&2/^x2&50, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1. Fo an isotropic superconductor,^x&51, the critical temperature is dis order independent while forp- or d-type superconductors~as some CuO2 superconductors are! ^x&50 and the transition line is exactly the same as the Abrikosov-Gor’kov18,30curve for magnetic impurities in isotropic superconductors. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-clustering-on-neighborhood-kernels-with-modified-dmjjcamdz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-family-by-family-comparison-of-psi-blast-kernel-and-32yrwlb9.png Figure 4. Family-by-family comparison of PSI-BLAST kernel and PSIBLAST OMCL NM kernel (log transformed) after modified symmetry based enhancement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-family-by-family-comparison-of-psi-blast-kernel-and-sybilteo.png Figure 3. Family-by-family comparison of PSI-BLAST kernel and PSIBLAST OMCL NM kernel after modified symmetry based enhancement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-roc-roc50-averaged-over-23-families-for-different-1zx78dyr.png Table I ROC, ROC50 AVERAGED OVER 23 FAMILIES FOR DIFFERENT SIMPLE AND COMBINED LOCAL ALIGNMENT BASED SPECTRAL KERNELS WITH MODIFIED SYMMETRY BASED CORRECTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-roc50-score-distribution-for-all-3f0uu42o.png Figure 1. Comparison of ROC50 score distribution for all spectral local alignment kernels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-log-roc50-score-distribution-for-all-3egrbgk5.png Figure 2. Comparison of log ROC50 score distribution for all spectral local alignment kernels https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-and-timing-properties-of-the-black-hole-x-ray-k32v30j2av 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-averaged-spectra-of-epoch-1-top-epoch-2-middle-2qrgp8kr.png Figure 6. Time-averaged spectra of Epoch 1 (top), Epoch 2 (middle), and Epoch 3 (bottom) fitted with the nthcomp model. The black (below 9 keV), red (below 8 keV), green (14–70 keV), and blue (above 50 keV) points correspond to the XIS-0 + XIS-3, XIS-1, PIN, and GSO data, respectively. The contribution of the scattered flux to the XIS-1 data is shown in red dotted line. The data/ model ratio for a single nthcomp model and the final best-fit model are plotted in the second and third panels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-best-fit-models-in-epoch-1-top-epoch-2-middle-and-c7ijomr1.png Figure 7. Best-fit models in Epoch 1 (top), Epoch 2 (middle), and Epoch 3 (bottom) plotted in the νFν form. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-the-analysis-of-intensity-sorted-3dpm0ik0.png Table 4 Results from the Analysis of Intensity-sorted Spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spectral-energy-distribution-of-h1743-322-on-2012-sj09o2s7.png Figure 10. Spectral energy distribution of H1743−322 on 2012 October 12. The upper limits in the extinction-corrected optical (RC and IC) and near-infrared (J, H, and KS bands) fluxes are plotted in blue arrows. The black points are the Suzaku spectra, corrected for neutral absorption and dust scattering. Red solid line shows the intrinsic disk emission including the Comptonized photons, where the outer disk is assumed to extend to infinity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-of-the-suzaku-observations-1mumrzh7.png Table 1 Log of the Suzaku Observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fit-parameters-of-the-nthcomp-model-1auqe446.png Table 2 Best-fit Parameters of the nthcomp Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-term-light-curves-of-h1743-322-in-the-2-20-kev-38dg5ud6.png Figure 1. Long-term light curves of H1743−322 in the 2–20 keV band obtained with MAXI/GSC (top) and in the 15–50 keV band from Swift/BAT (middle), and the hardness ratio calculated from these two light curves (bottom). The shaded regions indicate the Suzaku observations. MJD 56201 corresponds to 2012 October 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-suzaku-light-curve-and-hardness-ratio-in-epoch-2-bza9r600.png Figure 3. Suzaku light curve and hardness ratio in Epoch 2 focused on the dipping periods. Top: the XIS-0 light curve in the 0.7–2 keV band binned in 64 s. Bottom: the hardness ratio between the 2–10 keV and 0.7–2 keV bands. Similar hardening can also be seen in the dipping period of Epoch 3. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-functions-from-the-functional-renormalization-group-57zkvodv1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sigma-spectral-function-is-shown-vs-energy-o-at-c1uxrdmy.png Figure 2: The sigma spectral function is shown vs. energy ω at T = 10 MeV andµ = 292.97 MeV for different spatial momenta~p, as indicated by inset labels. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-distances-of-graphs-based-on-their-different-matrix-1whg3ptfxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-l-and-q-spectral-distances-for-some-particular-ohcssubp.png Table 2: L (and Q)-spectral distances for some particular classes of graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-l-and-q-spectral-distances-of-graphs-with-n-3-n-8-1dxmxpd3.png Table 1: L- and Q-spectral distances of graphs with n (3 ≤ n ≤ 8) vertices. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-peak-resolution-and-speech-recognition-in-quiet-4lgj64njaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relationship-between-spectral-peak-resolution-and-khf1a8r3.png FIG. 3. The relationship between spectral peak resolution and vowel recogn subjects. The dashed curves represent the functions of best fit to the data E https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thresholds-for-spectral-peak-resolution-for-nh-hi-and-1ufh08ex.png FIG. 2. Thresholds for spectral peak resolution for NH, HI, and CI subjects. Error bars represent one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-spectral-peak-resolution-and-2ncht80r.png FIG. 4. The relationship between spectral peak resolution and vowel recogn regressions are represented by the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rippled-noise-spectra-standard-and-inverted-peak-17w2oxlz.png FIG. 1. Rippled noise spectra. Standard and inverted peak positions for ripple frequencies of 0.25, 1 and 2 ripples/octave are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-relationship-between-spectral-peak-resolution-and-2dqhsvst.png FIG. 5. The relationship between spectral peak resolution and vowel recogn regressions are represented by the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-individual-subject-details-hearing-impaired-subjects-1wsym6hx.png TABLE I. Individual subject details: Hearing impaired subjects. Audiometr https://scispace.com/papers/spectrophotometry-of-neptunium-in-perchloric-acid-solutions-2hnz665x6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-vjz81moo.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-lo-la-r-tac-tin-o-tio-n-c-o-effic-ien-ts-of-th-e-hwbtgg97.png Table 6 lo la r tac tin o tio n C o effic ien ts of th e tfeptuniu*(Yi) Fefeks in 1.0 1! BClOjj T " https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-i-l-lu-s-t-r-a-te-s-tha-spectra-of-e-q-u-il-ib-r-ia-2zua9vf6.png Figure 6 i l lu s t r a te s tha spectra of e q u il ib r ia solutions of ttp(IY), (V) and (YI) in 5-54 W* 8.67 U BC10J*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absorption-bands-of-j-ep-tun-iua-iit-in-1-0-u-i-clo-xotyhyoa.png Table 1 Absorption Bands of J«ep tun iua(IIt) in 1 .0 U I ClO^ https://scispace.com/figures/table-i4-molar-sxtinotion-c-o-e-ffic-ien-ts-of-tho-heptunlum-tfc1ncw2.png Table I4 Molar Sxtinotion C o e ffic ien ts of tho Heptunlum(V) Peaks In 1.0 it ilClOf^ https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-and-electrokinetic-evidence-for-a-bifunctional-2u57psb5y9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-h-d-isotope-effect-analysis-jkoh-jkod-versus-2xo2h6ps.png Figure 7. H/D isotope effect analysis (jKOH/jKOD versus overpotential). (a) NiFe LDH and (b) FeOOH-NiOOH. Electrolyte concentrations: 1 M (black), 0.5 M (red). The error bar and the average values were deduced from 3 independent measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-oer-mechanisms-a-a-conventional-mechanism-3jykv72c.png Figure 1. Three OER mechanisms. (a) A conventional mechanism involving four consecutive proton-coupled electron transfers; (b) A conventional mechanism involving combination of two metal oxo species as the O-O bond forming step; (c) An unconventional 'bifunctional' mechanism. M represents an active metal center, A represents a hydrogen atom acceptor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electrocatalytic-activity-a-lsv-curves-of-2s5jda4w.png Figure 2. Electrocatalytic activity. (a) LSV curves of FeOOHNiOOH (red) and NiFe LDH (blue) in 1 M KOH. (b) Comparison of TOFs of FeOOH-NiOOH (red) and NiFe LDH (blue) at various overpotentials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-proposed-oer-reaction-mechanisms-of-a-feoohniooh-b-287hg0xu.png Figure 8. Proposed OER reaction mechanisms of (a) FeOOHNiOOH. (b) NiFe LDH (assuming Fe is the catalytic center). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-operando-raman-spectroscopic-analysis-a-f-optical-1m7tsc41.png Figure 3. Operando Raman spectroscopic analysis. (a-f) Optical microscopy images of FeOOH-NiOOH at given potentials and (gi) the corresponding operando Raman spectra obtained from three different spots as indicated in the (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-operando-raman-spectra-of-feooh-niooh-blue-and-nife-qugrd2pq.png Figure 4. Operando Raman spectra of FeOOH-NiOOH (blue) and NiFe LDH (brown) recorded at OCP (left) and 1.5 V (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-operando-raman-spectra-of-feooh-niooh-left-column-38beeuar.png Figure 5. Operando Raman spectra of FeOOH-NiOOH (left column) and NiFe LDH (right column) obtained at various potentials for oxygen isotope labeling (a) in 1 M KOH-H218O solution and (b) subsequent isotope exchange experiments. The 18O-labeled samples were monitored at 1.55 V in 1 M KOHH216O solution. For ease of comparison of peak shift in between the two solutions, 16O-labeled peaks of each sample are indicated respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-structural-and-computational-analysis-of-re-co-2dhq67pddq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-re-co-3-dippc-br-from-fe-iii-xrd-e-2120-59874648084-ntjaqt6y.png Table 11 [Re(CO)3(dippc)Br], from Fe(III) XRD E = -2120.59874648084 H, G = -2120.106727 H, E(sl) = -2120.61562435694 H https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-re-co-3-dippf-br-from-fe-iii-xrd-e-2098-97450910502-1j60zw6v.png Table 9 [Re(CO)3(dippf)Br], from Fe(III) XRD E = -2098.97450910502 H, G = -2098.480834 H, E(sl) = -2098.99105352488 H https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-re-co-3-dippc-br-from-xrd-e-2120-38970926619-h-g-3badp29k.png Table 13 [Re(CO)3(dippc)Br]+, from XRD E = -2120.38970926619 H, G = -2119.894725 H, E(sl) = -2120.46156126064 H https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-fc-e-510-38357879573-h-g-510-239742-h-e-sl-510-3nb1kyn6.png Table 19 Fc+ E = -510.38357879573 H, G = -510.239742 H, E(sl) = -510.42281996813 https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-fc-e-510-61506621971-h-g-510-479699-h-e-sl-510-3bwvb7es.png Table 18 Fc E = -510.61506621971 H, G = -510.479699 H, E(sl) = -510.62134555655 H https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-dippf-e-1666-20093730061-h-g-1665-73137-h-e-sl-1666-3nyw2ybv.png Table 15 dippf+ E = -1666.20093730061 H, G = -1665.73137 H, E(sl) = -1666.25965707865 H https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-dippc-e-1688-04303299679-h-g-1687-573532-h-e-sl-2ywsvs5m.png Table 16 dippc E = -1688.04303299679 H, G = -1687.573532 H, E(sl) = -1688.05162160894 H https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-re-co-3-dippf-br-from-xrd-e-2098-74260904001-h-g-3f4br4rh.png Table 10 [Re(CO)3(dippf)Br]+, from XRD E = -2098.74260904001 H, G = -2098.246498 H, E(sl) = -2098.81336546232 H https://scispace.com/papers/spectrum-sensing-via-reconfigurable-antennas-fundamental-54any2jtml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-for-the-su-receiver-with-a-single-3uyhf3qa.png Fig. 1 Conceptual model for the SU receiver with a single reconfigurable antenna having Q radiation modes. ∑M i=1 |ri|2, which follows a central chi-squared distribution for both Ho and H1. The false alarm and detection probabilities are given by [7] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-to-cooperate-or-not-to-cooperate-tradeoff-2wh87nvz.png Fig. 3 To cooperate or not to cooperate tradeoff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diversity-orders-df-dmd-and-de-versus-the-drift-factor-1wta0qas.png Fig. 2 Diversity orders (dF , dmd and de) versus the drift factor θ for the conventional spectrum sensing scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-capacity-gains-for-various-numbers-of-antenna-states-3u7tmnfq.png Fig. 10 Capacity gains for various numbers of antenna states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-optimal-sensing-time-in-conventional-and-state-3t1egiw9.png Fig. 9 Optimal sensing time in conventional and state selection schemes (SNR = 0 dB and PD = 0.9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-various-schemes-based-on-the-bayesian-hre9k179.png Fig. 4 Performance of various schemes based on the Bayesian test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-various-schemes-based-on-np-test-with-a-zkos0np4.png Fig. 5 Performance of various schemes based on NP test with α = 0.05 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sensing-and-transmission-stages-in-a-cr-system-1xr6vndm.png Fig. 8 Sensing and transmission stages in a CR system. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopy-and-single-particle-structure-of-the-odd-z-1j5stou5f5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-alpha-alpha-correlation-matrix-a-search-time-of-15-3-34nk7qwi.png Fig. 7. Alpha-alpha correlation matrix. A search time of 15 (3) minutes has been used for the daughter (mother) decay. Data are taken from the JYFL experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-upper-panel-alpha-decay-spectrum-of-251md-resulting-143do34n.png Fig. 8. Upper panel: alpha-decay spectrum of 251Md resulting from recoil-α-α correlations. Lower panel: time distribution for the 7550 keV α decay. Data are taken from the JYFL experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-matrix-of-prompt-a-electron-coincidences-data-are-1j6f973i.png Fig. 11. Matrix of prompt α-electron coincidences. Data are taken from the GANIL experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-skyrme-hfb-calculations-for-the-md-isotopes-top-panel-luahiu40.png Fig. 16. Skyrme HFB calculations for the Md isotopes. Top panel: β2 deformation parameter (see figure 15 for explanations). Lower panel: one quasi-particle states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-decay-spectra-obtained-in-the-ganil-18bzymdb.png Fig. 1. Example of α-decay spectra obtained in the GANIL experiment. a) Total α-decay spectrum b) Result of recoil-α correlations c) Result of recoil-α-α correlations (second generation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-of-flight-between-the-galotte-and-the-2bok0ee6.png Fig. 3. Time-of-flight between the “galotte” and the implantation detector as a function of the implantation energy (GANIL experiment). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-figure-1-but-for-data-obtained-at-jyfl-26pbt26v.png Fig. 2. Same as figure 1, but for data obtained at JYFL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-skyrme-hfb-calculations-for-the-lr-isotopes-top-panel-qo81h5s5.png Fig. 17. Skyrme HFB calculations for the Lr isotopes. Top panel: β2 deformation parameter (see figure 15 for explanations). Lower panel: one quasi-particle states https://scispace.com/papers/speech-interactive-emotion-recognition-system-based-on-4x6aky5b8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-preprocessing-qlzml091.png Fig. 1. Flow chart of preprocessing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-seven-emotional-labels-and-numbers-of-speech-samples-3bn8x87t.png TABLE I. SEVEN EMOTIONAL LABELS AND NUMBERS OF SPEECH SAMPLES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-original-features-142khw8r.png TABLE II. ORIGINAL FEATURES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-classification-results-of-multiple-classifiers-3jateq0m.png TABLE IV. CLASSIFICATION RESULTS OF MULTIPLE CLASSIFIERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detailed-feature-processing-schematic-diagram-1l9lizqq.png Fig. 3. Detailed feature processing schematic diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-statistic-function-2az9d4vl.png TABLE III. STATISTIC FUNCTION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-signals-before-and-after-endpoint-2lqusrbd.png Fig. 2. Comparison between signals before and after endpoint detection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-recognition-accuracies-of-seven-emotions-of-the-36ml4zjd.png TABLE V. THE RECOGNITION ACCURACIES OF SEVEN EMOTIONS OF THE SVM CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/papers/speech-segmentation-using-regression-fusion-of-boundary-eera80c2n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-segmentation-accuracy-in-percentages-for-the-aub1o02h.png Table 1. Segmentation accuracy (in percentages) for the evaluated CI baseline segmentation engines 1 (BSEs). Mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are given in milliseconds. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-phone-segmentation-using-regression-fusion-b4w20w6f.png Table 4. Phone segmentation using regression fusion algorithms for 112 BSEs. 1 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-segmentation-accuracy-in-percentages-for-the-3m9mncfz.png Table 2. Segmentation accuracy (in percentages) for the evaluated CD baseline segmentation engines 1 (BSEs). Mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are given in milliseconds. 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-bse-per-phonetic-transition-type-for-20-2ceb97fp.png Table 3. Best BSE per phonetic transition type for 20 milliseconds tolerance. Rows and columns 1 indicate the left (L) and right (R) context of the phonetic boundary, respectively. 2 3 https://scispace.com/papers/speech-perception-outcomes-after-cochlear-implantation-in-2h2ywkxl8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-of-families-profile-and-correlationwith-cmrai4s4.png Table 2 Study of families’ profile and correlationwith expectations and speech performance scores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-audiometric-thresholds-over-time-anova-test-mean-value-3lrxrnk1.png Fig. 2. Audiometric thresholds over time (ANOVA test). Mean value (dB HL) S.D., median (dB HL) and t-test for p < 0.001 relative to: (a) Preimplant – 5 KHz: 96.96 11.41, 100; 1 KHz: 101.61 10.97, 100; 2 KHz: 107.14 12.72, 100; 4 KHz: 115.71 7.66, 120; (b) 3 months – 0.5 KHz: 81.96 7.86, 80, 5.73; 1 KHz: 82.5 7.88, 80, 7.48; 2 KHz: 84.46 8.96, 85, 7.71; 4 KHz: 92.68 8.87, 100, 10.4; (c) 6 months – 0.5 KHz: 67.5 10.14, 70, 10.21; 1 KHz: 66.96 11, 65, 11.8; 2 KHz: 69.10 11.06, 70, 11.94; 4 KHz: 84.28 14, 90, 10.42; (d) 12 months – 0.5 KHz: 47.14 6.44, 50, 20.11; 1 KHz: 48.21 8.19, 50, 20.63; 2 KHz: 49.82 7.99, 50, 20.19; 4 KHz: 72.14 15.24, 75, 13.51; (e) 18 months (11 subjects) – 0.5 KHz: 34.54 6.10, 30, 14.16; 1 KHz: 38.18 5.6, 40, 15.33; 2 KHz: 38.18 5.6, 40, 16.49; 4 KHz: 43.18 5.6, 22.09; (f) linear regression (r index) of audiometric threshold; 0.5 KHz r = 0.99, 1 KHz r = 0.99, 2 KHz r = 0.99, 4 KHz r = 0.97. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-standard-deviation-s-d-median-and-t-test-p-0-01-1c8zzyio.png Table 3 Mean, standard deviation (S.D.), median and t-test (p<0.01) for MAIS, MUSS, CAP and SIR at preimplant and postimplant evaluations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-study-of-evolution-of-categories-of-auditory-1znisgr3.png Fig. 1. (a) Study of evolution of Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scores over time; (b) study of evolution ofmeaningful auditory scale (IT-MAIS) and meaningful use of speech scale (MUSS) scores over time. https://scispace.com/papers/speed-control-of-pmsm-with-finite-control-set-model-2u5t5ot62f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-angular-speed-during-load-torque-experiment-black-2to6p03e.png Fig. 5. Angular speed during load torque experiment; black - reference, red - measured speed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-currents-during-load-torque-experiment-blue-id-red-iq-3kjivfzp.png Fig. 6. Currents during load torque experiment; blue - id, red - iq . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-current-in-dq-reference-frame-1ebooyp6.png Fig. 4. Current in dq reference frame https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-pmsm-r9itdvlh.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF PMSM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-currents-during-reference-tracking-experiment-blue-id-2fxr1v4n.png Fig. 3. Currents during reference tracking experiment; blue - id, red - iq . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-topology-1xrqoqfw.png Fig. 1. Simulation topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-the-reference-tracking-experiment-black-3nmeybq6.png Fig. 2. Results of the reference tracking experiment; black - reference, red - measured speed. https://scispace.com/papers/speed-of-sound-and-ultrasound-absorption-in-ionic-liquids-2xvvlcvu3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-upper-part-snapshots-of-the-bulk-structure-of-2pr6b43z.png Figure 17. (upper part) Snapshots of the bulk structure of [Cnmim][PF6] ILs for n = 2−12. Each box shows 700 IL ion pairs at equilibrium with polar domains (red, anion + cation imidazolium ring) and nonpolar domains (green, cation alkyl chain) observed. Note the box dimensions are not the same length due to differences in ion size and box density. Reproduced with permission from ref 227. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.; (bottom part) Snapshot of a configuration of [C4mim][NTf2] and [C8mim][NTf2] obtained from simulation where atoms belonging to the regions of high charge density (the imidazolium head groups of the cations and the entire anions) colored black, and atoms belonging to the regions of low charge density (the alkyl side chains of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-differences-between-experimental-speeds-of-2m5rfceg.png Figure 6. Relative differences between experimental speeds of sound and calculated by second– order polynomial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ultrasound-absorption-coefficients-a-ratios-of-a-acl-3m54k6nw.png Table 2. Ultrasound Absorption Coefficients α, Ratios of α/αcl and Temperature Absorption Coefficients d(α⋅f-2)/dT for Various ILs at Different Temperatures T in the NonRelaxation Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-raos-constant-r-for-homologous-series-of-molecular-1k5gcpcx.png Figure 23. Rao’s constant, R, for homologous series of molecular solvents and ILs as a function of the molar mass: black open triangles – ketones (acetone, diethylketone, 2-octanone)245; cross – benzene and its derivatives (benzene, toluene, xylene, cymene)245; red open squares – 1- alkanols (from methanol to 1-octanol)245; green filled triangles – esters (methylacetate, ethylacetate, propylacetate, butylacetate, amylacetate)245; blue open circles – alkanes (n=5-8)245; violet filled diamonds - [CnC1im][NTf2] (n: 2,3,4,6,8) (calculated from25,79,168); violet filled circles [CnC1im][PF6] (n: 4,6,8) (calculated from75,109,155); violet open diamonds - [CnC1im][BF4] (n: 2,4,6,8) (calculated from118,119,136,156). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-isentropic-compressibility-vs-viscosity-for-chosen-d4ngqdn1.png Figure 24. Isentropic compressibility vs. viscosity for chosen groups of molecular solvents and ILs: blue open circles: alkanes (density and speed of sound248, viscosity – n: (6,7,8,10,12,14)249, 9250 , (11,13,15)251, 16252); red open squares: 1-alkanols (density and speed of sound253, viscosity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-speed-of-sound-values-for-ils-red-line-and-3s476jis.png Figure 20. Speed of sound values for ILs (red line) and molecular organic liquids (blue line) and the speed of sound for water at a temperature of 298.15 K. For clarity, only selected and characteristic values are shown as symbols: red open square, [C6C1im][NTf2]; red filled triangle, [BenzC1im][Cl]; red open circle, [P66614][N(CN)2]; red filled circle, [N(2(OH)C2)31][C1SO4]; blue filled diamond, C5F12; blue open square, CHBr3; blue filled square, C5H12 ; blue open diamond, 1-butanol; blue open triangle, 1,2,3-propanetriol; and black filled triangle, water.235,236,238-241 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-relative-deviations-of-the-speed-of-sound-and-24vj4wxi.png Figure 26. Relative deviations of the speed of sound and density between results obtained for [C6C1im][NTf2] at 313.15 K reported by Dzida et al.214 (y1) and Gomes de Azevedo et al.14 for density (open black circle) and Safarov et al.207 for density (filled black circle) and Safarov et al.207 for speed of sound (open red circle) (y2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-relative-deviations-of-the-speed-of-sound-open-2a1f9unq.png Figure 25. Relative deviations of the speed of sound (open black points), densities (open blue points) and isentropic compressibilities (open red points) between results obtained for [C3C1im][NTf2] (circles), [C4C1im][NTf2] (squares14, diamonds218, pluses286, stars287), [C5C1im][NTf2] (triangles) at 298.15 K reported by Dzida et al.214 (y1) and by Esperança et al.17 for [C3C1im][NTf2] and[C5C1im][NTf2] and by Gomes de Azevedo et al.14 and Hamidova et al.218 for [C4C1im][NTf2], (y2). https://scispace.com/papers/spherically-actuated-platform-manipulator-4y5zzzvs7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-omni-htrisf-3slyxgj3.png Figure 6. The Omni-HTrisf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-shows-the-four-views-of-spam-after-going-through-22xsv09v.png Figure 41 shows the four views of SPAM after going through the commanded trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-counts-to-onvergeitce-fur-second-inverse-i-we-1mvil056.png Figure 38. Counts to ('onvergeitce fur Second Inverse I'we Kznemucicv Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gear-ratios-for-the-omni-wrist-joint-1l114ab3.png Table 2. Gear Ratios for the Omni-Wrist Joint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-spamsystem-3fgi9z1m.png Figure 2. Overall SPAMSystem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-right-leg-results-qfrnverse-rute-progranz-487xdzpq.png Figure 43. Right Leg Results qfrnverse Rute Progranz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-has-especially-little-effect-due-to-the-gearing-owjnh1p2.png Figure 20 has especially little effect due to the gearing ratio. With this exclusion, summing moments on the motor side of the diagram gives: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-shows-that-is-first-converted-from-degrees-to-n0asgm8h.png Figure 30 shows that @ is first converted from degrees to radians and then used to https://scispace.com/papers/speed-of-wave-front-solutions-to-hyperbolic-reaction-4ju6v69ux7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparative-plot-between-the-analytical-expression-the-3dqokrth.png FIG. 1. Comparative plot between the analytical expression the dimensionless speedc52/(11a) and the dimensionless spee obtained from numerical integration of Eq.~4! as a function of the dimensionless parametera for logistic growth~circles! and generalized FK kinetics,p52 ~rhombs!. There is good agreement be tween numerical and analytical results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-analytical-results-and-numer-11sqvumk.png FIG. 6. Comparison between analytical results and numer simulations for the dimensionless front speed in HRD~or time- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparative-plot-between-lower-and-upper-dimensi-less-27wd85e6.png FIG. 3. Comparative plot between lower and upper dimensi less bounds and the numerical integration of Eq.~4! for the dimensionless speed of fire fronts as a function of parameterb, with a 51/2. The numerical values for the speed lie between both cur as they should. As it is expected for forest fire models, the spee a decreasing function for increasing values ofb. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparative-plot-between-lower-and-upper-bounds-the-1jkxlubh.png FIG. 2. Comparative plot between lower and upper bounds the results from simulations of Eq.~4! for the cubic source function ~32!. Herea51/2, and the range of values ofb is constrained because of the range of validity of the variational approach. Low and upper bounds are plotted in solid lines and numerical resul circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparative-plot-between-lower-and-upper-bounds-the-215emyog.png FIG. 4. Comparative plot between lower and upper bounds the numerical solution for the dimensionless speed of fronts bistable systems@Eq. ~33!#, for a51/2. Note the change of sign fo the speed ats51/2. https://scispace.com/papers/sphire-cryolo-a-fast-and-well-centering-automated-particle-4ktd316nfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selection-of-nompc-particles-and-structural-analysis-a-3j7v1u5q.png Fig. 4 Selection of NOMPC particles and structural analysis. a, b Representative micrograph (micrograph number 1854) of the EMPIAR-10093 dataset. Particles picked by a crYOLO or b RELION, respectively, are highlighted by red boxes. Scale bar, 50 nm. c Summary of particle selection and structural analysis using RELION and crYOLO/SPHIRE. d Representative reference-free 2-D class averages obtained using the ISAC and Beautifier tools (SPHIRE) from particles selected by crYOLO. Scale bar, 10 nm. e FSC curves and f final 3-D reconstruction of the NOMPC dataset obtained from particles picked using crYOLO and processed with SPHIRE. The 0.143 FSC between the masked and unmasked half-maps indicates resolutions of 3.4 and 3.8 Å, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yolo-network-architecture-3cif26er.png Table 2 YOLO network architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-snr-dependence-of-cryolo-a-noise-level-dependency-of-q835qcqb.png Fig. 6 SNR dependence of crYOLO. a Noise-level dependency of crYOLO picking simulated TRPC4 particles (EMD-4339) measured by the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC). The AUC stays above 0.8 up to a noise level of 6 (SNR 0.041). b Example micrographs for the noise levels of 1, 4, and 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-selection-of-prx3-particles-and-structural-analysis-a-1po9gq5s.png Fig. 5 Selection of Prx3 particles and structural analysis. a, b Particles selected on a representative micrograph (micrograph number 19.22.14) of the EMPIAR-10050 dataset using either a crYOLO or b EMAN2. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Summary of particle selection and structural analysis. The resolution in parentheses is the result obtained after a 3-D refinement performed in SPHIRE using the final 8562 particles of the original dataset. d Representative 2-D class averages obtained from two rounds of classification using the crYOLO-selected particles and ISAC. Scale bar, 10 nm. Well-centered examples for all views showing high-resolution details can be readily obtained from the data. e Fourier shell correlation plots for the final 3-D reconstruction (black) using the crYOLO-selected particles or the 8562 particles from the original dataset (gray). The average resolution of our 3-D reconstruction is ~4.6 Å, whereas that one from the originally used particles is ~4.5 Å. f Top and side views of the 3-D reconstruction obtained with crYOLO/SPHIRE. For clarity, all subunits are colored differently in the reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-generalized-cryolo-network-a-b-particles-selected-on-a-2x279v1m.png Fig. 9 Generalized crYOLO network. a, b Particles selected on a representative micrograph of glutamate dehydrogenase (EMPIAR 10127) and RNA polymerase (EMPIAR 10190). None of the datasets were included in the set used for training the generalized crYOLO network. Scale bars, 50 nm. c AUC, recall, and precision of the datasets included into the general model evaluated for the crYOLO network architecture and the Inception-ResNet (IR) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-training-and-picking-in-cryolo-a-with-the-yolo-1w0rl37a.png Fig. 1 Training and picking in crYOLO. a With the YOLO approach the complete micrograph is taken as the input for the CNN. When the image is passed through the network the image is spatially downsampled to a small grid. Then YOLO predicts for each grid cell if it contains the center of a particle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-training-of-cryolo-on-klh-a-one-example-of-a-particle-1ay4hwpq.png Fig. 7 Training of crYOLO on KLH. a One example of a particle picking result by crYOLO trained for all views with 14 micrographs of the full KLH dataset and b trained only for side views. Scale bar, 70 nm. c Precision-recall curves for the low defocus micrographs of the KLH dataset using several training set sizes (Supplementary Data 1). The curves were estimated based on 17 randomly selected test micrographs out of the full dataset. The AUC values are 0.97 (blue), 0.94 (orange), 0.9 (green) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-tool-for-creating-training-data-and-1bm48min.png Fig. 2 Graphical tool for creating training data and visualizing results. The tool can read images in MRC, TIFF, and JPG format and box files in EMAN1 and STAR format. The example shown is a micrograph of TRPC423 with https://scispace.com/papers/spiking-neural-computing-in-memristive-neuromorphic-4g9hxwlea8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-574-in-local-learning-process-iteration-of-stimulation-ojkfm15k.png Fig. 9.574 In local learning process, iteration of stimulation leads to a more stable change575 in the connection to achieve long-term plasticity. Long-term plasticity is sensitive576 to the presynaptic firing rate over a time scale of tens or hundreds of seconds [59].577 In general, synapses can exhibit potentiation and depression over a variety of time578 scales, and multiple components of short- or long-term plasticity. Thus, four com-579 bination are possible from short and long term plasticity: Short-term potentiation580 (STP), short-term depression (STD), Long-term potantiation (LTP) and long-term581 depression (LTD) [60].582 https://scispace.com/papers/spin-and-orbital-excitations-through-the-metal-to-insulator-u9f5282a51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-a-expected-magnetic-density-of-states-2yqkxwtr.png FIG. 5. Schematic of (a) expected magnetic density of states within linear spin-wave theory, and (b) that determined within exact diagonalization. The dashed line in (a) represents the effect of mixing between S modes. The data points plotted in (b) are the sum of all the data presented in Fig. 1(a) with elastic and d-d contributions subtracted off. This is a crude approximation of the RIXS density of states determined from ED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-electronic-band-structure-of-cd2os2o7-close-to-the-erjyi9p4.png FIG. 6. (a) Electronic band structure of Cd2Os2O7 close to the Fermi-level EF , calculated using density functional theory for Ueff = 1.25 eV [16]. (b) Bands close to EF , along with the best fit in the parabolic band approximation. (c) Calculation of dipole-allowed interband transitions between bands close to EF , calculated as described in the main text. (d) RIXS spectrum collected at (7, 7, 8) compared with the calculated spectra at and L. The effect of the instrumental resolution has been included. The arrow highlights a weak feature at 0.6 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-rixs-spectra-as-a-function-of-momentum-transfer-20zinawb.png FIG. 1. (a) RIXS spectra as a function of momentum transfer collected in the (6, 7, 7) Brillouin zone at 30 K. Spectra are normalized to the d-d excitations at 0.7 eV and offset for clarity. The black solid lines are the best fit to the model described in main text (including a feature at 0.3 eV). (b)–(d) Extracted fitting parameters with(out) broad features at 0.3 eV given by the filled squares (the open diamonds). The energy and spectral weight of peak A are plotted in (b) and (c) with the corresponding reduced χ2 of the fits given in (d). The solid lines in (b) and (c) are best fit to Hamiltonian given by Eq. (1) with parameters J = 13.1, A = −12.9, and |d| = 6.8 meV. (e)–(g) Comparison of the fits at different momentum transfers. The solid and dot-dashed peaks represent Fano resonance and 0.3 eV feature components, respectively. The dashed green line indicates the fit without the 0.3 eV feature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mrci-and-mrci-soc-relative-energies-ev-for-the-os5-1jtphx55.png TABLE III. MRCI and MRCI + SOC relative energies (eV) for the Os5+ 5d3 multiplet structure in Cd2Os2O7. Since cubic symmetry is lifted, the T states are split even without SOC. Each MRCI + SOC value stands for a spin-orbit doublet; for the 4T states, only the lowest and highest components are given. Reproduced from Ref. [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-from-simulated-annealing-runs-performed-for-11bkid5t.png FIG. 3. Results from simulated annealing runs performed for different system sizes of Cd2Os2O7. All data displayed occur from the mean of five successive runs with error bars reflecting the standard deviation about this mean. Parameters plotted (per magnetic moment) are the (a) magnetic specific-heat C, (b) isothermal susceptibility χ , and (c) mean internal energy 〈U 〉. The curves in (a) and (c) have been offset for clarity. In (d), the fitted maximum of the specific heat (squares) and susceptibility (diamonds) has been plotted. The dashed lines indicate the experimental Néel temperature TN . There appears to be a convergence of the calculated TN with the experimental one in the thermodynamic limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-d-best-fits-to-the-experimental-dispersion-the-open-3gp95id5.png FIG. 2. (a)–(d) Best fits to the experimental dispersion (the open symbols) for different starting magnetic representations i. 3: AIAO. 5: XY. 7: Palmer-Chalker (PC) phase. 9: ferromagnet (FM). All figures use the same color scale. (e) Phase diagram reflecting the magnetic ground state for different values of the single-ion anisotropy A and the DM vector d = (d, d, 0). (f) Magnetic specific heat per moment obtained from simulated annealing [L = 3, J = 13.1(3) meV]. The open symbols in (e) indicate the parameters which were used for the remaining figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-rixs-spectra-collected-at-7-826goe0h.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of RIXS spectra collected at (7, 7, 8). (a) Stack plot of data normalized to intensity of intra-t2g excitations at 0.7 eV, plotted with best fit to the data. (b) Normalized data with elastic and intra-t2g contributions subtracted. There is a clear evolution of the line shape from 30 K (bottom) to 300 K (top) as the gap closes. (c) and (d) Fits at (c) 30 K and (d) 300 K. (e)–(g) (e) Temperature dependence of intensity, (f) uncoupled resonance energy ω0, and (g) damping parameter . The red solid lines are data extracted from Raman-scattering measurements [23], which are normalized to 100 K values in (e) and (g). The black line in (g) is best fit to = A exp(− /kBT ) below TMI. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-interaction-and-renner-teller-effect-in-hcccch-390llmqeqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-positions-of-the-vibrational-levels-involving-p-modes-3cem39xb.png FIG. 3. Positions of the vibrational levels involving π modes that have been observed below 1700 cm−1 in previous experimental studies of the HCCCCH+6,9,10 (full blue horizontal lines) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pfi-zeke-photoelectron-spectrum-of-the-x-x-transition-36mjppld.png FIG. 1. PFI-ZEKE photoelectron spectrum of the X+ ← X transition of the diacetylene. The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pfi-zeke-photoelectron-spectra-of-the-original-bands-1he3t8vl.png FIG. 2. PFI-ZEKE photoelectron spectra of the original bands of the X+ ← X photoionizing https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-positions-ti-with-respect-to-the-respective-ground-2bk2k5fw.png TABLE I. Positions Ti (with respect to the respective ground vibronic state) and assignments of the vibronic levels of HCCCCH+ and DCCCCD+ (in square brackets) determined from the PFI- https://scispace.com/papers/spin-glass-state-and-long-range-magnetic-order-in-pb-fe-1-2-1g1uncwsqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-transverse-scans-through-the-qn-0-50-50-5-18qnl2gd.png FIG. 4. Color online Transverse scans through the QN 0.5,0.5,0.5 magnetic Bragg peak. The broad component in the spectrum was fitted by a Lorentzian and is emphasized by a bold line. The Bragg peak is a fit to a Gaussian. Inset shows the intensity recorded in the neutron spin-flip channel for incident polarization along the scattering vector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-distribution-of-the-elastic-diffuse-2hpvnl9c.png FIG. 5. Color online Distribution of the elastic diffuse scattering measured in Pb Fe1/2Nb1/2 O3 at T=2 K. For clarity the intense Bragg peak at QN 0.5,0.5,0.5 was removed and the background subtracted from the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-parameter-showing-the-kmanxp0o.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the parameter showing the occurrence of a distribution of relaxation times in PFN see text . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-time-evolution-of-the-muon-spin-2o6f8bn6.png FIG. 1. Color online a Time evolution of the muon-spin polarization reported for characteristic temperatures. Note the weak depolarization in the paramagnetic phase 160 K and the loss of the signal amplitude below TN, which retains the value 1/3 t=0 at low temperatures. b Examples of polarization signals recorded close to 20 K and well below 5 K Tg. The lines represent fits performed with Eq. 3 data reported on b are strongly binned for clarity . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-sr-depolarization-rate-otl5s8uf.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the SR depolarization rate below 80 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-integrated-intensity-of-1r9e792f.png FIG. 6. Temperature dependence of the integrated intensity of the diffuse scattering in PFN measured around QN 0.5,0.5,0.5 Bragg peak. The temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic Bragg peak is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-interaction-in-a-two-dimensional-electron-gas-in-22rqlbyek1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-alsb-inas-alsb-heterostructure-band-d-gram-lq4s4fky.png FIG. 1. Schematic AlSb/InAs/AlSb heterostructure band d gram with an applied positive gate voltage, ignoring band bend EF,1 andEF,2 are the left and right Fermi energies, respectively.Ec is the conduction band, andEv the valence band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-parametera-vs-electron-density-1t7hyb5l.png FIG. 4. Parametera vs electron density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spin-splitting-energyd-applied-gate-voltage-sample-2abkgwvz.png FIG. 3. Spin-splitting energyD applied gate voltage. Sample behaves like sample A. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-fluctuations-and-the-pseudogap-in-organic-1ql1s6n5ip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-schematic-phase-diagram-for-weakly-24phgvqs.png FIG. 4. Color online Schematic phase diagram for weakly frustrated - ET 2X as a function of temperature and pressure. Thin solid lines represent second-order phase transitions, the thick solid line is the first-order transition line which ends at a critical point shown as a filled circle and dashed lines indicate crossovers. The pseudogap regime is much more complicated than a renormalized Fermi liquid that has been previously thought to characterize the paramagnetic metallic phase at low temperatures. It shows a coherent transport character with long-lived quasiparticles, marked by T2 resistivity behavior Ref. 39 with the coefficient of the quadratic term as expected from Fermi-liquid theory given the observed effective mass Ref. 49 , and magnetic quantum oscillations Ref. 50 . But, a loss of spectral weight is clearly observed in the NMR data. There are not sufficient data at this moment to determine what happens to the pseudogap regime at high pressures; this uncertainty is represented by the shaded area with the question mark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-rescaled-plots-of-the-temperature-1ylg03hl.png FIG. 2. Color online Rescaled plots of the temperature dependence of 1 /T1T for a metallic and b insulating organic charge-transfer salts. While there is a clear trend in the data of the nonmagnetic materials, they do not collapse onto a single curve as the data for the cuprates and heavy fermion materials do Refs. 14–18 This suggests that a two-fluid description is not required for the organic superconductors. However, this data is in good agreement with the prediction of the spin-fluctuation model Eqs. 5 and 7 . Equation 5 predicts that the data will lie in the gray shaded regions, which represent the extrema of possible values of Tx /TNMR. The lines show the predictions for particular values of Tx /TNMR in Eq. 5 or TN /TNMR in Eq. 7 as marked. The abbreviations used in the figure and the sources of the data are, -CN3 is - ET 2Cu2 CN 3 Ref. 28 , -Br is - ET 2Cu N CN 2 Br Refs. 29 and 30 , d8- -Br is - d8 - ET 2Cu N CN 2 Br Ref. 31 , -NCS is - ET 2Cu NCS 2 Ref. 32 , TMTSF is TMTSF 2ClO4 Ref. 33 , and -Cl is - ET 2Cu N CN 2 Cl Ref. 34 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-anisotropic-triangular-lattice-is-believed-to-2sm0x4iz.png FIG. 1. a The anisotropic triangular lattice is believed to provide the basic description of the electronic structure of the - ET 2X salts. This model has a tight-binding structure where each site represents a dimer, ET 2. There is a hopping integral, t, along the sides of a square and another, t , along one diagonal. Further, there is a strong Coulomb repulsion, U, if two electrons are placed on the same site. For a review see Ref. 3. For X=Cu2 CN 3 t t and hence, in the Mott insulating phase, J J , as J 4t2 /U and J 4t 2 /U. For the other X discussed in this paper t t and thus the geometrical frustration is significantly reduced. b Phase diagram of the Heisenberg model of the anisotropic triangular lattice from series-expansion calculations Ref. 21 , which shows the sensitivity of this model to variations in J /J. The following abbreviations are used in the figure: long-range order LRO , short-range order SRO , and qausi-one dimensional q1D . , is the wave vector associated with Néel order and q ,q is the wave vector for spiral ordering, which varies continuously from q= to q= /2 as J /J increases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-variation-in-experimental-energy-scales-19zwwonr.png FIG. 3. Color online Variation in experimental energy scales in - ET 2X with hydrostatic pressure. As, in each material, the superconducting transition temperature decreases monotonically with the applied pressure the superconducting transition temperature serves to parameterize the proximity to the Mott transition high Tcs closest to the Mott transition . The fact that TNMR, T T2, and T v/v show such similar behaviors in - ET 2Cu N CN 2 Cl, - ET 2Cu N CN 2 Br, and - ET 2Cu NCS 2 is a success for the chemical pressure hypothesis. The chemical pressure hypothesis is seen to fail dramatically in the case of - ET 2Cu2 CN 3, which shows a markedly different behavior to the other salts. Further in - ET 2Cu2 CN 3 TNMR does not coincide with T T2. We stress that the large error bars in the figure result predominately from the errors measuring the hydrostatic pressure which appears parametrically when comparing multiple different experiments. Data is taken from Refs. 28, 29, 32, and 39–46. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-squeezing-in-a-rydberg-lattice-clock-1gwvciioh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-optimal-squeezing-parameter-in-a-2d-2yi1jngm.png FIG. 3 (color online). Optimal squeezing parameter in a 2D lattice as a function of N for Rc=a ¼ 5. The dashed curve shows the result of one-axis twisting by infinite-range interactions [12], which agrees with the exact calculations (circles) for small system sizes N < Nc ¼ πðRc=2aÞ2 for which all atoms are blocked. However, the squeezing parameter decreases well below the corresponding value ξ2minðNcÞ (dotted line). For large N, ξ2min approaches a limiting value ξ2∞ (dash-dotted line) as ∼N−1=2 (thick solid curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-time-dependence-of-the-squeezing-2iyryj73.png FIG. 2 (color online). Time dependence of the squeezing parameter ξ2 in a d-dimensional optical lattice for Rc=a ¼ 3. Optimal squeezing is indicated by the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-minimal-squeezing-parameter-x2-1bxo1o44.png FIG. 4 (color online). (a) Minimal squeezing parameter ξ2∞ attainable in d-dimensional lattices as a function of Rc=a. For large Rc, ξ2∞ display a power-law decay with an exponent α ∝ d (inset). Panel (b) shows the corresponding interaction time τmin to realize optimal squeezing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-energy-level-diagram-labeled-for-the-2dotaivv.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Energy level diagram, labeled for the specific example of strontiumatoms.Transitionsbetween the clock states jgi and jei are laser driven with Rabi frequencyΩ. A second laser off resonantly couples jei to a high-lying Rydberg state jri with Rabi frequency ~Ω. For a large laser detuning Δ ≫ ~Ω, the systemreduces toeffectivetwo-levelatomswithbinary interactions shown by the solid curve in (b). The potential resembles the van der Waals interaction ∼1=r6 (dotted curve) at large separation r, but saturates below a critical distance Rc (vertical dashed line). For typical parameters, the interaction potential in a lattice [60] (dashed curve) is virtually identical to the continuumcase (solid line), given by Eq. (3). (c) Spin-echo type squeezing protocol, consisting of linear spin rotations around the x axis and nonlinear rotations around the z axis, driven by the two laser fields. The resulting evolution of the total spin is illustrated on a generalized Bloch sphere. For clock operation, this spin-echo sequence is followed by a conventional Rabi or Ramsey scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-up-in-a-tank-induced-by-a-rotating-bluff-body-4zhdgxi1nu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-v-vs-t-at-r-l-0-05-for-re-3-2x-104-and-4-9x-104-2zx2q07a.png Figure 4. v∗ vs. t∗ at r∗ = L∗ + 0.05 for Re = 3.2× 104 and 4.9× 104 with L∗ = 0.65, and Re = 2.0× 104 and 1.5× 104 with L∗ = 0.52 in the small tank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-v-vs-td-for-l-0-52-re-2-x-104-and-l-0-65-re-3-1-x-3486tprj.png Figure 8. (a) v∗ vs. td for L∗ = 0.52, Re = 2 × 104 and L∗ = 0.65, Re = 3.1 × 104 in the small tank and L∗ = 0.23, 0.39, and 0.70 in the big tank. The respective Re values in the big tank are Re = 7.1× 104, 2× 105, and 6.4× 105. (b) v∗ vs. τ for the same cases as in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-v-vs-time-at-r-0-57-for-re-4x-103-1x-104-2x-104-2z9y3hv5.png Figure 3. (a) v′ vs. time at r∗ = 0.57 for Re = 4× 103, 1× 104, 2× 104 and 3× 104 with L∗ = 0.52 in the small tank and (b) the normalized velocity flucutations, v∗, vs. t∗ for the same conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-v-and-t-marking-the-beginning-of-decay-and-3jaw5o8c.png Table 1. Values of v∗ and t∗ marking the beginning of decay and steady-state regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-v-vs-t-at-re-9-8x-104-and-2x-105-at-r-l-0-05-and-r-3qy8sge0.png Figure 7. v∗ vs. t∗ at Re = 9.8× 104 and 2× 105 at r∗ = L∗ + 0.05 and r∗ = 0.94 for L∗ = 0.39 in the big tank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cm-vs-t-for-a-l-0-15-and-h-1-06-l-0-23-and-h-1-06-l-1fpoi6nb.png Figure 9. Cm vs. τ for (a) L ∗ = 0.15 and h∗ = 1.06, L∗ = 0.23 and h∗ = 1.06, L∗ = 0.31 and h∗ = 0.48, L∗ = 0.39 and h∗ = 1.06, and L∗ = 0.7 and h∗ = 0.72 in the big tank with H∗ = 3.33 and (b) L∗ = 0.15 and h∗ = 1.06, two cases with L∗ = 0.13 and h∗ = 2.1 but different H∗, and two cases with L∗ = 0.23 and H∗ = 3.33 with different h∗. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-v-vs-t-at-r-0-75-with-re-3-2x-105-and-6-4x-105-a-16xbzb85.png Figure 6. (a) v∗ vs. t∗ at r∗ = 0.75 with Re = 3.2× 105 and 6.4× 105, α∗ = 0.04, 1.0, and 4.0, and L∗ = 0.7 in the big tank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-flow-facility-showing-a-typical-148enbir.png Figure 1. Schematic of a flow facility showing a typical bluff body, motor, in-line torque sensor, and MTV optical and camera setup. https://scispace.com/papers/spinitectus-aguapeiensis-n-sp-nematoda-cystidicolidae-from-1rlx2c5a8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spinitectus-aguapeiensis-n-sp-ex-pimelodella-3bz115hv.png Fig. 2 Spinitectus aguapeiensis n. sp. ex Pimelodella avanhandavae. Scanning electron micrographs: A, Cephalic end, apical view; B, Anterior extremity of body showing first spinose rings (arrow indicates deirid), sublateral view; C, Detail of deirid; D, Anterior extremity of body (arrow indicates excretory pore), ventral view; E, Mid-part of body showing spinose rings, lateral view; F, Anterior extremity of male (asterisks indicate longitudinal empty sectors on spination). Abbreviations: a, amphid; b, cephalic submedian papilla; p, pseudolabium; s, sublabium https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spinitectus-aguapeiensis-n-sp-ex-pimelodella-3vu5obos.png Fig. 1 Spinitectus aguapeiensis n. sp. ex Pimelodella avanhandavae. A, Anterior extremity of male, lateral view; B, Anterior extremity of female, sublateral view; C, D, Cephalic end, apical and lateral views, respectively; E, Posterior extremity of gravid female, lateral view; F, Region of vulva, lateral view; G, Eggs; H, Tail of non-gravid female, lateral view; I, Small spicule, subventral view; J, Posterior extremity of male, lateral view. Scale-bars are in millimetres https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spinitectus-aguapeiensis-n-sp-ex-pimelodella-1qhu6rm7.png Fig. 3 Spinitectus aguapeiensis n. sp. ex Pimelodella avanhandavae. Scanning electron micrographs: A, Tail tip of female, dorsoventral view (arrow indicates phasmid); B, Posteriormost part of body, lateral view; C, Tail of female, sublateral view; D, E, Posterior extremity of male, subventral views (arrowheads indicate caudal papillae); F, Tail tip of male, sublateral view https://scispace.com/papers/spin-transitions-in-time-dependent-regular-and-random-krcrnbis13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-final-probability-to-find-a-spin-1-system-in-the-kr7e5tkb.png FIG. 1. The final probability to find a spin-1 system in the sta with Sz521, 0 or 1 when the initial state isSz51 as a function of the noise amplitude. The regular transverse field is set to zero. Hamiltonian is H5tSz1hxSx where ^hx(t1)hx(t2)& 5J2e2lut12t2u. Discrete points correspond to results of numeri simulations with averaging over 200 different noise realizations l5125. Lines correspond to analytical predictions of Eq.~61!. https://scispace.com/papers/spitworm-an-herbivorous-robot-mechanical-leaf-wounding-with-4fstsmv7k4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cont-39pxgbaq.png Figure 7. Cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-expression-of-four-ja-responsive-genes-lox3-pal-pr2-vijytang.png Figure 9. Expression of four JA responsive genes (LOX3, PAL, PR2, and PR3). Lima beans treated for 1 h, 3 h, and 9 h with MecWorm (MW), S. littoralis (SL), and SpitWorm (SW). Phaseolus lunatus’s actin housekeeping gene (PACT1) served as normalizer. (SW; 1:10 diluted OS, delivery speed of 10 nL·s−1); n = 3 for each treatment; log2 transformed; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc test: Fisher’s LSD; treatments with identical letters are not significantly different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-principal-component-analysis-of-relative-amounts-of-2fqjr1q8.png Figure 8. Principal component analysis of relative amounts of 38 volatiles released by different treatments. Three different treatments on lima bean leaves (S. littoralis larva, n = 6; MecWorm, n = 7; SpitWorm, n = 6). PC, principal component (% of total variance); confidence area, 95%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cont-1xtwnwh5.png Figure 9. Expression of four JA responsive genes (LOX3, PAL, PR2, and PR3). Lima beans treated for 1 h, 3 h, and 9 h with MecWorm (MW), S. littoralis (SL), and SpitWorm (SW). Phaseolus lunatus’s actin housekeeping gene (PACT1) served as normalizer. (SW; 1:10 diluted OS, delivery speed of 10 nL·s−1); n = 3 for each treatment; log2 transformed; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc test: Fisher’s LSD; treatments with identical letters are not significantly different. https://scispace.com/papers/split-ticket-patterns-in-mixed-member-proportional-election-14fytooaui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relationship-between-green-spd-split-ticket-voting-2s1ccwgx.png Fig. 3. The relationship between Green–SPD split-ticket voting in 1998 and SPD constituency vote in 1994 (constituencies with a Green candidate in 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relationship-between-green-pds-split-ticket-voting-xkz8mxjo.png Fig. 2. The relationship between Green–PDS split-ticket voting in 1998 and PDS constituency vote in 1994 (constituencies with Green and PDS candidates in 1998 only) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-regressions-of-models-1-and-2-for-the-cdu-2h8jkcyc.png TABLE 3 Results of Regressions of Models 1 and 2 for the CDU and FDP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relationship-between-green-party-straight-ticket-2fklx49l.png Fig. 1. The relationship between Green party straight-ticket voting in 1998 and Green party constituency vote in 1994 (constituencies with a Green candidate in 1998 only) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-relationship-between-fdp-straight-ticket-voting-in-1jbqxqtj.png Fig. 5. The relationship between FDP straight-ticket voting in 1998 and FDP constituency vote in 1994 (constituencies with FDP candidates in 1998 only) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-relationship-between-fdp-spd-split-ticket-voting-3j2gru7y.png Fig. 6. The relationship between FDP–SPD split-ticket voting in 1998 and SPD constituency vote in 1994 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-straight-ticket-and-split-ticket-voting-wq3dkhpe.png TABLE 2 Estimates of Straight-Ticket and Split-Ticket Voting across the Constituencies, in Those Constituencies where the https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-regressions-of-model-2-for-inter-bloc-1go43u6d.png TABLE 6 Results of Regressions of Model 2 for Inter-Bloc Split-Tickets https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-evidence-for-a-late-heavy-bombardment-and-the-8lhm7u9iu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-the-absorption-features-of-the-tholins-2wtwwezs.png Figure 4. (Continued) The absorption features of the Tholins lie in the 6–8 μm range, and can account for many of the unexplained features seen in the η Corvi spectrum above the continuum and the Almahata Sitta spectrum; they would also likely be relatively volatile, and thus easily destroyed, before being incorporated into the Almahata-Sitta parent body. (g) Below: same as above, except comparison of the solar system materials to the ISO HD 100546 circumstellar excess spectrum. As for η Corvi, the similarity to Almahata-Sitta is also strong, but mismatches exist, mainly due to the presence of strong PAH features in HD 100546 at 6–8 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-the-contributions-of-the-unusual-2w9763wy.png Figure 4. (Continued) The absorption features of the Tholins lie in the 6–8 μm range, and can account for many of the unexplained features seen in the η Corvi spectrum above the continuum and the Almahata Sitta spectrum; they would also likely be relatively volatile, and thus easily destroyed, before being incorporated into the Almahata-Sitta parent body. (g) Below: same as above, except comparison of the solar system materials to the ISO HD 100546 circumstellar excess spectrum. As for η Corvi, the similarity to Almahata-Sitta is also strong, but mismatches exist, mainly due to the presence of strong PAH features in HD 100546 at 6–8 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-derived-particle-size-distribution-for-the-e-corvi-2785zbml.png Figure 6. Derived particle size distribution for the η Corvi dust excess producing the strong silica and silicate emission features. The derived PSD is close to one in collisional equilibrium with small (<1 μm) particles removed preferentially by radiation pressure and P-R drag. Error bars are estimated at 50% of the relative abundance at a given size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dusty-disk-ir-excess-flux-vs-system-age-e-corvi-is-3toi997y.png Figure 1. Dusty disk IR excess flux vs. system age. η Corvi is the third brightest of Chen et al.’s (2006) 59 IRAS-excess systems, and the only one which is a “mature” MS system of ∼1.4 Gyr age, or about 1/3 of its total MS lifetime. The 1/t and 1/t2 trend lines fit most of the sources in the current sample except outliers like η Corvi, which clearly has a high LIR/L∗ = 3 ×10−4 for its age, suggesting something unusual has occurred in this system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spitzer-irs-emissivity-spectrum-of-the-e-corvi-zrbzebiv.png Figure 4. (Continued) The absorption features of the Tholins lie in the 6–8 μm range, and can account for many of the unexplained features seen in the η Corvi spectrum above the continuum and the Almahata Sitta spectrum; they would also likely be relatively volatile, and thus easily destroyed, before being incorporated into the Almahata-Sitta parent body. (g) Below: same as above, except comparison of the solar system materials to the ISO HD 100546 circumstellar excess spectrum. As for η Corvi, the similarity to Almahata-Sitta is also strong, but mismatches exist, mainly due to the presence of strong PAH features in HD 100546 at 6–8 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sed-for-e-corvi-showing-the-0-4-2-2-mm-bvr-2mass-3r6iuro8.png Figure 2. (a) SED for η Corvi showing the 0.4–2.2 μm BVR/2MASS system photometry dominated by stellar photospheric emission, the 12–100 μm stellar/circumstellar dust MIR flux measurements of IRAS and Spitzer, and the 100–1000 μm cold FIR excess measured by Herschel and JCMT/SCUBA [2]. The solid gray line represents the combined fit to the η Corvi SED using a two-blackbody model (red) with warm (350 K) and cold (35 K) dust reservoirs and emission from a Kurucz F2V photosphere normalized to the BVR/2MASS photometry (dashed line). (b) 100 μm (top) and 160 μm (bottom) Herschel PACS FIR images of η Corvi, after Matthews et al. (2010). Contours are shown at 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 99% of the peak in the map. Circles in the upper left corner of each panel mark the nominal beam sizes. (c) JCMT/SCUBA submm images of η Corvi at 850 μm (15.′′8 resolution), 450 μm (at 13.′′7 resolution), and 450 μm with an effective resolution of 9.′′5 (after Wyatt et al. 2005). In all images, the observed sub-millimeter emission is from cold KB dust at a distance of ∼150 AU (LTE ∼ 35 K) from the primary; the star itself is not visible. Biolabate structure due to a tilted ring system is evident in the 160 μm and high-resolution 450 μm images. The second source toward the top in the sub-millimeter images is in the background and not relevant. (d) GEMINI and VLT profiles of η Corvi N and Q emission compared to point stellar sources, showing the lack of resolved extension for the warm dust flux outside 3.5 AU (after Smith et al. 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-derived-elemental-abundances-for-the-e-corvi-dust-jpi2ipjv.png Figure 5. Derived elemental abundances for the η Corvi dust excess, relative to solar abundances, and as compared to other Spitzer dust spectra (Figure 3). Left: high photospheric subtraction, low amorphous carbon model abundances. Right: low photospheric subtraction, high amorphous carbon model abundances. The Si relative abundance has been set = 1.0. The major refractory species, with the exception of S and Al, are all very depleted vs. solar, quite different than what is found for cometary dust, which trends near-solar. A similar pattern was found for the young debris disk system HD 172555, with silica dominated debris formed as a result of a giant hypervelocity impact, and the Herbig disk system, HD 100546. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-detail-of-the-e-corvi-circumstellar-excess-flux-3afuigt5.png Figure 3. (a) Detail of the η Corvi circumstellar excess flux (blue), as compared to blackbody emission (red) and the rocky circumstellar dust of HD 113766A (orange; Lisse et al. 2008). The Kurucz model shown in panel (a) has been subtracted from the Spitzer 5–35 μm total spectrum (light blue) and the total SPeX 2–5 μm spectrum (dark blue) in order to determine the excess. The SPeX data corroborate the steep upturn in Spitzer flux shortward of 6 μm, and the combined spectrum is consistent with scattering of starlight by high-albedo icy dust (light green). The η Corvi scattered light excess must be from dust inside ∼10 AU since the SPeX beam radius is ∼6 AU, and since HST did not detect any extension at optical wavelengths beyond ∼10 AU (M. Clampin & J. Wisniewski 2011, private communication). (b) Comparison of the mid-IR emissivity spectrum of η Corvi with the spectra of dust from: a young, organic-rich Herbig A0 star building a giant planet (HD 100546); two comets (Hale-Bopp and Tempel 1); a young F5 star building a terrestrial planet (HD 113766); a mature main-sequence star with a dense zodiacal cloud (HD 69830); and the silica-rich debris created by a hypervelocity impact in the HD 172555 system. Spectra are ordered, starting from the top, by increasing rocky content and processing of the dust. The similarity between the η Corvi and HD 100546 spectra is readily apparent. (c) Simple ratio comparison of the emissivity spectra of η Corvi, HD 100456 (a young Herbig with comets building giant planets), Comet Hale-Bopp, HD 113766 (a young F-star building a terrestrial planet from S-type asteroidal dust) and HD 69830 (a mature MS K-star with a dense zody from the recent breakup of a C-type asteroid). All three of the comparison systems contain young dust, formed in less than 15 Myr. The most primitive dust, found in the disk of HD 100546, produces the best match to the η Corvi dust, as can be seen from the relatively small excursions (<±25%) from the norm in the ratio, predominantly at λ < 16 μm. Most of the differences between the η Corvi and HD 100546 emissivity can be attributed to differences in the relative abundances of water-ice and carbon-rich components (see Figure 4). https://scispace.com/papers/spitzer-observations-of-ngc-2362-primordial-disks-at-5-myr-56jb3d9cd0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-photometric-membership-sample-of-ngc-2362-dfygeew9.png TABLE 2 Photometric Membership Sample of NGC 2362 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extinction-corrected-v-ic-v-color-magnitude-diagram-2q7zmr03.png Fig. 2.—Extinction-corrected (V IC, V ) color-magnitude diagram for 200 suspected members of NGC 2362 with detected H emission, X-ray emission, or Li i k6708 absorption. Filled red circles denote H emitters with strong emission, W (H ) 10 8 (CTTSs), filled blue circles represent those H emitters with weak emission, W (H ) < 10 8 (WTTSs), crosses represent X-ray-detected stars (many of which also exhibit H emission), and five-pointed stars show pre-main-sequence candidates with detectable Li i k6708 absorption but lacking both H and X-ray emission (or available data). Open triangles represent the 153 additional candidate members of NGC 2362 based on optical photometry alone. All of these stars possess V-band magnitudes<21, lie between the 1 and 10Myr isochrones of Baraffe et al. (1998), and are within 70 ( 3 pc) of CMa. The 1, 5, 10, and 100Myr isochrones, as well as the 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.4M evolutionary tracks of Baraffe et al. (1998), are superposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-mass-distribution-for-253-candidate-cluster-3ppwcebf.png Fig. 7.—Left: Mass distribution for 253 candidate cluster members with complete IRAC photometry from Tables 1 and 2 and having masses 1.4 M (open histogram). The hatched histogram represents the stars exhibiting inner disk emission (primordial or weak) as determined by the IRAC SED slope analysis. Right : Disk fraction as a function of stellar mass (from the models of Baraffe et al. 1998) for all disk candidates in NGC 2362 with masses 1.4 M ( filled circles). The errors plotted represent simple Poisson statistical uncertainties. Superposed are the primordial disk fraction (solid line) and the weak disk fraction (dashed line) within each 0.1 M mass bin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-ks-4-5-m-j-h-color-color-diagram-for-2mass-point-1j5m3tdz.png Fig. 4.—Left: (KS 4:5 m, J H ) color-color diagram for 2MASS point sources within 70 ( 3 pc) of CMa and having quadrature-added photometric uncertainties of<0.15mag. The curved solid red line represents the intrinsic colors of normal main-sequence stars, derived from the J H colors of Tokunaga (2000) and interpolation of the KS 4:5 m main-sequence colors of Lada et al. (2006). The red dot-dashed line extending above this curve delineates the approximate reddening boundary for dwarfs, the slope of which was derived using M-band extinction curve data from Martin & Whittet (1990). Right: (KS 4:5 m, J H ) color-color diagram for all suspected members of NGC 2362. If primordial disk emission is inferred from the IRAC SED slope parameter , the star is represented by a solid red circle, if weak disk emission is present the star is shown as an open red circle, and if no excess is detected, by a cross. Stars selected as members based on optical photometry alone and having quadrature-added photometric uncertainties of<0.15mag are represented by triangles, with those exhibiting weak disk emission in red. Error bars for the primordial diskbearing candidates are superposed, which are also representative of typical uncertainties for the weak and IRAC nonexcess stellar populations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-irac-4-5-m-8-0-m-3-6-m-4-5-m-color-color-diagram-for-3y0kp8qx.png Fig. 5.—IRAC (4:5 m 8:0 m, 3:6 m 4:5 m) color-color diagram for those candidate members of NGC 2362 detected at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 m with photometric uncertainties of <0.3 mag. Error bars are shown for the primordial disk systems, which are representative of the uncertainties for both weak disk systems and nonexcess stars. Symbols are as in Fig. 4. The several nonexcess interlopers located within the region occupied by weak disk systems possess large photometric uncertainties, possibly accounting for their placement in the IRAC color-color diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-irac-derived-8-0-to-4-5-mflux-ratio-plotted-as-a-2xtn3ta2.png Fig. 6.—IRAC-derived 8.0-to-4.5 mflux ratio plotted as a function of J H color for all suspectedmembers ofNGC2362with 8.0 and 4.5 mphotometric errors of <0.2 mag. Symbols are as in Fig. 4. The larger scatter about the abscissa for the lower mass stars arises from sensitivity limits at 8 m, which tend to deflect the distribution toward more negative flux ratios. None of the higher mass stars with J H 0:5 (K2 spectral type) exhibit significant infrared excess for k < 8:0 m using the established disk criteria. This result is similar to that of Carpenter et al. (2006) in the 5MyrUpper Scorpius OB association, in which<1% of the high-mass stars were found with infrared excess shortward of 8.0 m, while 19% of the K- and M-type members were identified with excess emission in the IRAC channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photometric-uncertainties-for-suspectedmembers-of-ngc-2d5lmk5s.png Fig. 1.—Photometric uncertainties for suspectedmembers of NGC 2362 in the four IRAC channels: channel 1 (3.6 m), channel 2 (4.5 m), channel 3 (5.8 m), and channel 4 (8.0 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-iracsed-slope-parameter-plotted-as-a-function-of-w-h-hn40j247.png Fig. 9.—IRACSED slope parameter plotted as a function of W(H ) for theH -emitting population of NGC2362. Suspected accretors based on the criteria of White &Basri (2003) are shown as filled stars. Aweak positive correlation is present between these parameters, similar to the findings of Lada et al. (2006) for themembers of the younger cluster IC 348. Median uncertainties in the IRAC slope parameter are shown for each disk class and for the IRAC nonexcess stars. The larger uncertainties associated with the disk-bearing candidates arise primarily from their nonlinear SED profiles. https://scispace.com/papers/splittability-of-bilexical-context-free-grammars-is-2rxl25jyfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-image-priors-from-sets-of-gaussians-8f23qsq6.png Figure 5 Image priors from sets of Gaussians. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-projection-on-a-line-of-models-vs-probability-for-a-3c94tupm.png Figure 2 Projection on a line of models vs. probability for a bad case. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-growth-of-gallium-filled-microcapillaries-on-ion-gvumc4vmnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-cross-sectional-compositional-maps-red-1-4-ga-1zcnlcxl.png FIG. 4 (color). Cross-sectional compositional maps (Red ¼ Ga, blue ¼ F, green ¼ N) of pillars that had been grown for (a) 60 s, (b) 420 s, and (c) 1200 s, and (d) a secondary electron image of pillar (c). Map (e) shows a pillar grown at the edge of the area bombarded by Gaþ ions. The dashed horizontal line shows the position of the GaN surface prior to ion irradiation. Each pillar is coated with a protective Pt film used to minimize cross-sectioning artifacts. The scale bar applies to all images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-image-sequence-showing-a-pillar-a-that-has-reached-ayigmc53.png FIG. 5. Image sequence showing a pillar (A) that has reached maximum height and is no longer growing, the growth of an adjacent pillar (B), and coalescence of the pillar caps into a single, asymmetric Ga droplet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-cap-volume-v-cross-cap-diameter-d1-17w5cjmj.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Cap volume V (cross), cap diameter d1 (triangle), and pillar base diameter d2 (filled circle) measured as a function of time, and corresponding curves calculated using Eq. (1) (blue dashed lines) and Eq. (2) (solid lines). (b) Fraction of excess Ga atoms diffusing into the sheath, the cap, and away from the pillar (‘‘out diffusion’’) calculated as a function of time. Vertical arrows show the time at which pillar growth terminated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-image-sequence-showing-the-growth-of-a-pillar-2a2k614i.png FIG. 2. Electron image sequence showing the growth of a pillar and the formation of secondary Ga droplets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-excess-ga-concentration-c-along-the-gan-r3ea4lve.png FIG. 6 (color online). Excess Ga concentration (C) along the GaN substrate versus distance from the pillar base (r r2), plotted for t ¼ 229, 329, 429, and 529 s. [r2 ¼ d2=2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-b-electron-images-of-ga-droplets-on-gan-1yzwfviv.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a)–(b) Electron images of Ga droplets on GaN formed during ion beam irradiation in vacuum, and two frames from a movie of droplets (c) growing to form pillars (d) in XeF2. (e) Pillar array grown on a prepatterned GaN substrate. Each scale bar represents 5 m. The ion beam was scanned in the serpentine pattern shown in (c). https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-electromagnetic-fluctuations-in-unmagnetized-3jefnnh62o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kappa-distribution-functions-approach-a-thermal-4i3os1o1.png FIG. 1. Kappa distribution functions approach a thermal Maxwellian core at small velocities, less than thermal speed v wj, but enhances showing suprathermal tails at high energies, v > wj. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-and-color-map-plots-of-the-spontaneously-2irurs0w.png FIG. 3. Contour and color map plots of the spontaneously emitted aperiodic magnetic field fluctuation in units of kBTe=ð2p3Þ by contrast for a suprathermal Kappa-distributed plasma (top, j ¼ 2) and a thermal (Maxwellian) plasma (bottom). Equal electron and proton temperatures (Ti ¼ Te) and the nonrelativistic thermal electron velocity ue ¼ 10 3c are adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-and-color-map-plots-of-the-spontaneously-3f3a4g4n.png FIG. 2. Contour and color map plots of the spontaneously emitted aperiodic electrostatic field fluctuation in units of kBTe=ð2p3Þ by contrast for a suprathermal Kappa-distributed plasma (top, j ¼ 2) and a thermal (Maxwellian) plasma (bottom). Equal electron and proton temperatures (Ti ¼ Te) and nonrelativistic thermal electron velocity ue ¼ 10 3c are adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-and-color-map-plots-of-the-spontaneously-1ijwhme2.png FIG. 4. Contour and color map plots of the spontaneously emitted weakly amplified electrostatic field fluctuation in units of kBTe=ð2p3Þ by contrast for a suprathermal Kappa-distributed plasma (top, j ¼ 2) and a thermal (Maxwellian) plasma (bottom). Equal electron and proton temperatures (Ti ¼ Te) and nonrelativistic thermal electron velocity ue ¼ 10 3c are adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contour-and-color-map-plots-of-the-spontaneously-2sdhpxwm.png FIG. 5. Contour and color map plots of the spontaneously emitted weakly amplified magnetic field fluctuation in units of kBTe=ð2p3Þ by contrast for a suprathermal Kappa-distributed plasma (top, j ¼ 2) and a thermal (Maxwellian) plasma (bottom). Equal electron and proton temperatures (Ti ¼ Te) and the nonrelativistic thermal electron velocity ue ¼ 10 3c are adopted. https://scispace.com/papers/spontaneous-spin-polarization-in-quantum-point-contacts-3wu4te4bm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-differential-conductance-g-di-dv-is-3ktusc5l.png FIG. 2 (color online). Differential conductance g dI=dV is measured as a function of dc bias Vbias across the QPC1. Gate voltage Vg1 is fixed in the middle of the 0:7 2e2=h plateau at T 25 mK and Bk Vbias 0. In (a) Bk 0 and T 25, 140, 190, 250, 340, and 930 mK, in (b) T 25 mK and Bk changes between 0 and 4 T in steps of 0.5 T. Zero-bias anomaly is the strongest at the lowest T and Bk 0 and is suppressed as T and/ or Bk increases. (c), (d) B and T dependence of g at Vbias 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-conductance-of-a-quantum-point-3er5sy5z.png FIG. 1 (color online). The conductance of a quantum point contact G is plotted as a function the gate voltage Vg1 for inplane magnetic fields 0<Bk < 8 T at temperature T 50 mK for QPC1. The curves are offset proportionally to Bk, the left most is Bk 0. Inset: AFM micrograph of a sample (3:3 m 3:3 m). Light lines are the oxide which separates different regions of the 2D hole gas. The two point contacts QPC1 and QPC2 form a magnetic focusing device. The conductance of the QPCs is controlled via voltages applied to the gates Vg1, Vg2, and the central gate Vgc. The direction of Bk is indicated by an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-polarization-in-samples-with-no-1gwja89k.png FIG. 4 (color online). Polarization in samples with no welldefined 0.7 structure. (a), (c) Conductance of the injector QPCs for two samples. (b), (d) The first focusing peak is plotted for fixed Gd 2e2=h and Gi as indicated in the labels (in units of 2e2=h). Vertical lines in (a), (c) mark the positions where the corresponding curves in (b), (d) are taken. Curves in (b), (d) are offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-polarization-detection-via-magnetic-2g8w02hr.png FIG. 3 (color online). Polarization detection via magnetic focusing. (a) The voltage across the detector QPC2 is measured as a function of the perpendicular magnetic field (B?). A current of 0.5 nA is flowing through the injector QPC1. The positions of the first two magnetic focusing peaks are marked with vertical lines. The trajectories of the ballistic holes for positive and negative B? are shown schematically in the insets. (b) The first focusing peak is measured at different injector conductances with the detector tuned into the middle of the 2e2=h plateau. The curves are vertically offset by 0:4 V relative to the top one. The G 0:66g0 curve is also plotted without an offset [dashed line (red online)]. (c) The gate voltage characteristic of QPC1. Vertical lines mark the positions where the curves in (b) are taken. https://scispace.com/papers/sporadic-parkinson-disease-and-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-3obgj7320w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mri-and-123i-ioflupane-spect-of-the-patient-a-axial-t2-3gmxk6yl.png Fig. 1. MRI and 123I-Ioflupane SPECT of the patient A. Axial T2-weigthed (A) and FLAIR coronal (B) MRI show a mild cortical atrophy with no altered signals in the white matter. 123I-Ioflupane SPECT of the basal ganglia demonstrated a bilateral reduced striatal uptake, with a slight prevalence on the left side (C). A 123I-Ioflupane SPECT image of an unrelated age-matched control is shown for comparison (D). https://scispace.com/papers/spread-overreaction-in-international-bond-markets-5anuodq9a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-250gvox1.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-country-correlations-of-theoretical-spreads-2flttt8z.png Table 3 Cross-country correlations of theoretical spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-estimates-of-equation-a-1-e3ivh8c7.png Table A.1 Estimates of equation (A.1) https://scispace.com/papers/squeezing-enhancement-by-damping-in-a-driven-atom-cavity-268fdra4qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-mandel-q-value-and-b-4-x21-as-a-function-of-2ga-1m4ef9l8.png FIG. 1. (a) The Mandel-Q value, and (b) 4∆X21 as a function of 2Γa/g and Ω/g for Γb/g = 0.01. From the contour plots below, it is seen that the squeezing effect is enhanced as Γa is increased, for a given driving-intensity, to a certain value roughly given as 2ΩΓa/g 2 = c ∼ 1 (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/srisk-a-conditional-capital-shortfall-index-for-systemic-1pl7zio822 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tarch-and-dcc-estimation-results-11pzbnj9.png Table 3: TARCH and DCC estimation results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-residuals-diagnostics-15q8m26j.png Table 4: Residuals Diagnostics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-short-term-mes-forecasting-3pdwqes1.png Table 5: Short term MES forecasting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-aggregate-srisk-of-the-top-u-s-financial-2idzrblr.png Figure 9: Aggregate SRISK of the top U.S. financial institutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-correlation-by-financial-industry-group-2b7ocop0.png Figure 3: Average correlation by financial industry group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-volatility-by-financial-industry-group-vnqw8nzj.png Figure 2: Average volatility by financial industry group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3csgfbz5.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-step-ahead-probability-of-a-daily-2-loss-in-the-1k7rk8mm.png Figure 5: 1-step-ahead probability of a daily 2% loss in the market. https://scispace.com/papers/ssl-tls-session-aware-user-authentication-revisited-4tiukjqzb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-construction-of-the-challenge-with-only-one-2w2gz4iv.png Figure 2 The construction of the challenge with only one position index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-construction-of-the-challenge-with-two-position-nkaidxrj.png Figure 1 The construction of the challenge with two position indices https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-fractional-order-memristor-synapse-j9qa1ufmou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phase-diagrams-and-time-series-of-fmhnn-model-1-in-1k9hx0tu.png Figure 3: Phase diagrams and time series of fmhnn model (1) in case 4, δ = −5, with initial value (x1(0), x2(0), ϕ(0)) = (−4.5, 0.5,−4.5) for three different fractional orders. Details are given in the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stability-region-of-two-neuron-fmhnn-model-1-under-1rgl1dnr.png Table 1: Stability region of two-neuron fmhnn model (1) under b1 = −0.1, b2 = 2.8, b3 = −3, and b4 = 4 assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-amount-of-eigenvalues-for-the-stability-region-1amjd5ug.png Table 2: The amount of eigenvalues for the stability region of model (1) according table (1) when k = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-bifurcation-diagram-and-lyapunov-exponents-of-3lsm7rmd.png Figure 6: The bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents of fmhnn model (1) on the α − φ plane over 0.96 ≤ α ≤ 1 interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phase-diagrams-and-time-series-of-fmhnn-model-with-18pu1ab3.png Figure 5: Phase diagrams and time series of fmhnn model with ring structure (3) consisting of 5 sub-networks with p = 1, d = 0.5 and initial condition X1 = (−2.48,−6.12,−5.90,−1.46,−1.07), X2 = (−4.48,−8.64,−3.06,−5.27,−2.01), φ = (−6.76,−2.30,−4.55,−6.30,−8.02) where X1 = [x1i], X2 = [x2i], φ = [ϕi] for i = 1, · · · , 5. X̄1 = 15 ∑5 i=1 x1i, and X̄2 = 1 5 ∑5 i=1 x2i are average potentials between two neurons, calculated for t ≥ 50. Further details are given in the titles and legends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fmhnn-connection-pattern-with-two-neurons-sowv98l0.png Figure 1: The fmhnn connection pattern with two neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fmhnn-connection-pattern-of-n-10-sub-networks-1u34umhy.png Figure 2: The fmhnn connection pattern of n = 10 sub-networks of neurons with a ring structure where P = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-diagrams-and-time-series-of-fmhnnmodel-1-in-2oa49xkq.png Figure 4: Phase diagrams and time series of fmhnnmodel (1) in case 5, δ = 14, with initial value (x1(0), x2(0), ϕ(0)) = (−10, 10−6, 5) for three different fractional orders. Details are given in the legends. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilisation-of-the-high-energy-orbit-for-a-non-linear-4w892i2p4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-jump-down-frequency-as-a-function-of-damping-39fko0dw.png Figure 8. Jump-down frequency as a function of damping coefficient c2 under various excitation levels and stiffness coefficients k2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-jump-up-frequency-ratio-as-a-function-of-k2-k1-and-1ibkn26s.png Figure 5. Jump-up frequency ratio as a function of k2=k1 and F2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-minimum-jump-down-frequency-as-a-function-of-k2-k1-2g5g1976.png Figure 6. Minimum jump-down frequency as a function of k2=k1 and F 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-the-damping-coefficient-and-velocity-2p7ew4rg.png Figure 7. Variation of the damping coefficient and velocity vs displacement phase trajectories of the magnetic end mass (blue line: damping coefficient instantaneously tuned, and green line: damping coefficient slowly tuned): (a) changing the damping coefficient c2, (b) response with F and k2 set to 3N and 1000N=m, respectively, (c) response with F and k2 set to 2N and 1000N=m, respectively, and (d) response with F and k2 set to 3N and 500N=m, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-stiffness-tunable-1jcp3jkv.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the stiffness, tunable, hardening-type energy harvester. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cumulative-energy-on-the-load-resistance-3b75bkzj.png Figure 11. Cumulative energy on the load resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-output-voltage-on-the-load-resistance-xi93li0p.png Figure 10. Measured output voltage on the load resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-experimentation-setup-a-photo-of-the-experimental-4o4hnfbe.png Figure 9. Experimentation setup: (a) photo of the experimental device and (b) the corresponding schematic diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-dispersion-analysis-of-improved-time-132cnl3oyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transversal-displacements-spectrum-of-string-d1-it-2dyl6pfb.png Figure 4: Transversal displacement’s spectrum of string D♯1. It is clear that the new (θ, θ) reduces numerical dispersion from the continuous eigenfrequencies, compared to the usualθ-scheme, with no computational overcost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-theoretical-eigenfrequencies-of-the-3g9yqo8t.png Figure 5: Comparison of theoretical eigenfrequencies of the continuous system (black circles◦), new (θ, θ)-scheme withθ = 1/4 andθ = 1/12 (red dimonds⋄) and usualθ-scheme withθ = 1/4 (blue plus sign+). The theoretical curves are plotted for the first eigenfrequencies after which numerical stability is no longer granted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eigenfrequencies-of-the-simply-supported-prestres-11pyhwo3.png Figure 1: Eigenfrequencies of the simply supported prestres ed Timoshenko system, for note D♯1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-of-the-string-d1-these-parameters-3pzonifi.png Table 1: Parameter values of the string D♯1. These parameters correspond to homogenized properties of experimentally measured piano strings (see [16] for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transversal-displacements-spectrum-of-string-d1-3612iq36.png Figure 3: Transversal displacement’s spectrum of string D♯1 using a (θ, θ)-scheme withθ = 1/2, θ = 1/4 and∆t = 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transversal-displacements-spectrum-of-string-d1-3twx5hoo.png Figure 2: Transversal displacement’s spectrum of string D♯1 using aθ-scheme withθ = 1/4 and∆t = 10−4 s. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-of-systems-with-distributed-delays-and-o8bmtqewh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-allowable-range-of-b-as-a-function-of-h-when-a-1-and-a-2mvff076.png Fig. 2. Allowable range of |b| as a function of h when a =−1, and α = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nyquist-plot-of-g-jo-for-a-10-b-300-h-0-25-and-a-1-hooqcz0d.png Fig. 1. Nyquist plot of G( jω) for a = 10, b = −300, h = 0.25 and α = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-group-specificity-of-stereotyped-whistles-in-u86vvujfyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-spectrograms-of-the-whistle-3bed5or0.png Figure 2. Representative spectrograms of the whistle categories W1, W2 and W6 from A-clan and G-clan (DF Z 98 Hz, DT Z 10.2 ms, fast Fourier transform sizeZ 512 points). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-whistle-duration-of-the-whistle-type-w6-in-2kw0l2k5.png Figure 3. Whistle duration of the whistle type W6 in recordings from G-clan and A-clan (Kruskal–Wallis test: H2 Z 9.720, NG-clan Z 10, N78–83 Z 14, N96–97 Z 8, P Z 0.008; Dunn’s method: P! 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-all-1739-stereotyped-whistles-from-northern-resident-1rtsms7d.png Table 3. All 1739 stereotyped whistles from northern resident killer whale recordings listed by matriline (1978–2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-xgsd-of-stereotyped-whistle-types-sw1-sw4-2ajl609z.png Table 4. Parameters (XGSD) of stereotyped whistle types SW1–SW4 (southern resident killer whales) recorded from 1979 to 1982 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-randomly-chosen-spectrograms-of-whistle-types-w1-w6-2hbpx2z9.png Figure 1. Randomly chosen spectrograms of whistle types W1–W6 from northern resident killer whales recorded in different years (frequency resolution, DFZ 48.8 Hz, time resolutionZ 20.5 ms, fast Fourier transform sizeZ 1024 points). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-for-the-discriminant-function-analysis-for-10hp5t2s.png Figure 5. Results for the discriminant function analysis for optimal separation of whistle types. Each square represents the centroid of discriminant function scores of all measured whistles of each whistle type. Discriminant function 1 correlates with maximum frequency and discriminant function 2 with frequency modulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-for-the-discriminant-function-analysis-for-1ldyl3x7.png Figure 6. Results for the discriminant function analysis for optimal separation of acoustical clans. Each square represents the centroid of discriminant function scores of all measured whistles of each acoustical clan. Discriminant function 1 correlates with whistle duration and discriminant function 2 with bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-equality-tests-of-group-means-for-different-whistle-2ket1c3q.png Table 5. Equality tests of group means for different whistle parameters and different groupings https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-interacting-f-t-t-gravity-with-modified-3uo6lj69j1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-energy-density-and-pressure-of-dark-energy-in-8gboha3t.png FIG. 1: The energy density and pressure of dark energy in terms of redshift for A = 3, B = 5, b = 0.5, γ = 0.5, ρm0 = 2, ωm = 2.5, a0 = 1 and c0 = 3.5. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-range-of-the-type-ii-bi1-xwxo1-5-1-5x-solid-4q5cdmxv3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-volume-equivalent-fluorite-unit-cell-volume-and-2lofh67h.png Figure 6: Volume (equivalent fluorite unit cell volume) and lattice parameters as a function of temperature extracted from Rietveld refinements against in situ variable temperature NPD data. Blue symbols indicate the tetragonal type Ib phase, red symbols the cubic fluorite type phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-normalised-w-l3-edge-xanes-spectra-obtained-from-w3-1qplv0mx.png Figure 8. Normalised W L3 edge XANES spectra obtained from W3 (Bi24W3O45), W4 (Bi23W4O46.5), W4.5 (Bi22.5W4.5O47.25), W5 (Bi22W5O48), W6 (Bi21W6O49.5) and Bi14W6+O24 (tetrahedral) (dash blue curve) and Bi2W6+O6 (octahedral) (dash red curve) standards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-arrhenius-plot-for-several-heating-cooling-cycles-126wr0ow.png Figure 9: Arrhenius plot for several heating & cooling cycles for Bi23W4O46.5 compared to yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synchrotron-xrd-patterns-l-0-589263-3-a-from-type-22tdg3iz.png Figure 3: Synchrotron XRD patterns (λ = 0.589263(3) Å) from type II Bi1-xWxO1.5+1.5x solid solution samples, showing significant peak broadening for low W content. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-excerpt-of-xrd-patterns-of-samples-with-composition-1oqcsf1i.png Figure 5: Excerpt of XRD patterns of samples with composition a) Bi23W4O46.5 showing the tetragonal type Ib structure after slow cooling and the cubic type II structure after quenching. b) Bi22W5O48 obtained using different cooling rates. Controlled cooling at 5°C/min yields exclusively the type II phase. Slower cooling rates (2.5 and 1.25°C/min) and annealing at temperatures ≤ 850°C results in two-phase mixtures of Aurivillius and type Ib. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structures-across-the-simulated-type-ii-1ux5mni5.png Figure 1: Crystal structures across the simulated type II solid solution range: Bi23W4O46.5 (left); Bi22.5W4.5O47.25 (middle) and Bi22W5O48 (right). Bi atoms are purple, WO6 polyhedra are grey, O atoms are red (reprint from Wind et al. [11]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-excerpt-of-the-thermodiffractograms-s-xrd-data-for-1hbpy1v7.png Figure 7: Excerpt of the thermodiffractograms (S-XRD data) for Bi23W4O46.5 (left) and Bi22W5O48 (right) showing the transition from the quenched type II phase to the tetragonal type Ib (and Aurivillius) phase on heating (lower part) and the anisotropic thermal expansion in the type Ib phase (upper part). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structure-type-unit-cell-parameters-and-rietveld-ziwbveen.png Table 1: Structure type, unit cell parameters and Rietveld-refinement statistics for quenched Bi1-xWxO1.5+1.5x samples using S-XRD data. Modulation parameters were obtained by Le Bail profile fits against NPD data. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-critical-points-of-quadratic-homogeneous-4ldxu7o1m6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b-0-27vv28mi.png Figure 1 : β < 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-d-6-0-37rrbdai.png Figure 4 : δ 6= 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d-0-2xpy4t4e.png Figure 3 : δ = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-0-1gbcv8mi.png Figure 2 : β > 0 https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-gravitating-charged-scalar-solitons-in-a-cavity-1stmw70tlz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-portion-of-the-phase-space-of-charged-scalar-soliton-3kc3dwl9.png FIG. 4. Portion of the phase space of charged-scalar soliton solutions in a cavity with scalar charge q ¼ 0.1. The solutions are described by two parameters: a0 (horizontal axis) and ϕ0 (vertical axis). Solutions exist in the shaded regions. The mirror radius rm is assumed to be at the first zero of the scalar field and the shaded region denotes solutions with rm ≤ 100. The lines are contours of constant rm. There are no solutions on the axes a0 ¼ 0 or ϕ0 ¼ 0. Solutions also exist in the central region of the plot, towards a0 → 0 and ϕ0 → 0, where the mirror radius rm > 100. The values of the mirror radius rm are given for selected contours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-location-of-the-mirror-rm-at-the-first-zero-of-the-iaoewzt2.png FIG. 5. Location of the mirror rm at the first zero of the scalar field, with scalar charge q ¼ 0.1, as a function of ϕ0 for various fixed values of a0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-smallest-eigenvalue-s2-for-scalar-field-charge-q-1-4-f131lbzf.png FIG. 10. Smallest eigenvalue σ2 for scalar-field charge q ¼ 0.1, various fixed values of a0 and ϕ0 ∈ ð0.1; 1.6Þ. Top: σ2 as a function of the mirror radius rm. Bottom: the same data for σ2, but plotted as a function of ϕ0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-location-of-the-mirror-rm-at-the-first-zero-of-the-b091hf4e.png FIG. 6. Location of the mirror rm at the first zero of the scalar field, with scalar charge q ¼ 0.1, as a function of a0 for various fixed values of ϕ0. Top left: rm for ϕ0 ∈ ½0.8; 2.0 . To make the behavior more visible, the data in the top-left plot are repeated in the remaining plots, just for a few values of ϕ0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-portions-of-the-contour-in-the-phase-space-of-1mu4wa4w.png FIG. 7. Portions of the contour in the phase space of chargedscalar solitons in a cavity with rm ¼ 18 and scalar charge q ¼ 0.1. The mirror is at the first zero of the scalar field. There are two branches of solutions with this mirror radius; for fixed a0 one branch has a larger value of ϕ0 than the other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-smallest-eigenvalue-s2-for-solitons-with-fixed-mirror-3ankhtcy.png FIG. 13. Smallest eigenvalue σ2 for solitons with fixed mirror radius rm ¼ 18 and scalar charge q ¼ 0.1, plotted as a function of the soliton electric charge Q (3.8). The equilibrium solutions considered are those lying on the portions of the rm ¼ 18 contour in the ða0;ϕ0Þ-plane shown in Fig. 7. The same data as in Fig. 12 are plotted. Top: σ2 as a function of Q for the low-charge branch (the branch of solutions with smaller ϕ0 for fixed a0). Bottom: σ2 as a function of Q for the high-charge branch (the branch of solutions with larger ϕ0 for fixed a0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-smallest-eigenvalue-s2-for-solitons-with-fixed-mirror-30snwbx0.png FIG. 12. Smallest eigenvalue σ2 for solitons with fixed mirror radius rm ¼ 18 and scalar charge q ¼ 0.1. The equilibrium solutions considered are those lying on the portions of the rm ¼ 18 contour in the ða0;ϕ0Þ-plane shown in Fig. 7. The same data are shown in the two plots. Top: σ2 as a function of a0. Bottom: σ2 as a function of ϕ0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-soliton-electric-chargeq-3-8-as-a-function-of-the-2gb9xb7j.png FIG. 8. Soliton electric chargeQ (3.8) as a function of the parameters a0 and ϕ0 for scalar charge q ¼ 0.1. The mirror is at the first zero of the scalar field. Top row: various fixed values of ϕ0 and a0 ∈ ½0.1; 3.0 . Bottom row: various fixed values of a0 and ϕ0 ∈ ½0.1; 2.0 . Left-hand plots: Q as a function of the mirror radius rm. Right-hand plots: the same data as the left-hand plots, but with Q as a function of either a0 or ϕ0, as applicable. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-properties-of-toroidal-alfven-modes-driven-by-fast-3kgd003eaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hinst-rtae-solution-frequency-at-minor-radius-r-a-0-10p0p9nl.png Figure 5: HINST RTAE solution frequency at minor radius r=a = 0:2 and the growth rate (as indicated ) as a functions of minor radius. The RTAE frequency is below lower toroidal gap boundary and moves even lower if H goes to zero at xed total plasma beta. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rtae-frequency-radial-dependence-for-di-erent-c7uuaj1r.png Figure 6: RTAE frequency radial dependence for di erent toroidal mode numbers n = 6; 7; 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hinst-analysis-of-the-start-of-slow-chirp-t-3-8-29guxpx5.png Figure 11: HINST analysis of the start of slow chirp t = 3:8. Two types of modes were found with the frequency shown as plus signs and the growth rates as open boxes. Strongest driven low frequency RTAE (a) has drive maximum at r=a = 0:4. High frequency RTAE (b) is less unstable. Shown also is the toroidal gap envelope represented by two curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tae-stability-analysis-statistics-and-lowest-fast-sk91pbog.png Table 1: TAE stability analysis statistics and lowest fast ion critical beta for n = 1; 3; 5; 7 modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-local-hinst-results-for-rtae-frequency-shown-as-1tkczhf9.png Figure 4: Local HINST results for RTAE frequency (shown as plus signs) and the growth rate (shown as open boxes) versus minor radius. Shown also is the toroidal gap envelope as dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-nnbi-injected-beam-ion-beta-a-and-q-pro-le-b-15s76bzc.png Figure 10: NNBI injected beam ion beta (a) and q pro le (b) evolution for JT-60U shot #32359 as calculated by TRANSP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-slow-and-fast-chirping-mode-activity-measured-by-3iffzcec.png Figure 9: Slow and fast chirping mode activity measured by edge Mirnov coils in JT-60U NNBI injection experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-hinst-analysis-for-t-4-0sec-shows-two-branches-low-3ji8rl48.png Figure 15: HINST analysis for t = 4:0sec shows two branches, low (a) and high (b) frequency RTAEs, which merge into one at r=a > 0:55. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-studies-of-a-recombinant-cutinase-immobilized-to-10qkvh0nw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kinetic-parameters-of-immobilized-and-soluble-1662o9fv.png Table 3 Kinetic parameters of immobilized and soluble cutinase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dsc-analysis-of-cutinase-and-cutinase-dextran-pttszbj5.png Figure 4 DSC analysis of cutinase (—) and cutinase-dextran conjugate (– – – ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-denaturing-temperatures-tm-and-denaturing-enthalpies-3n3enfjj.png Table 4 Denaturing temperatures (TM) and denaturing enthalpies (DDH) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-storage-stability-of-cutinase-20-mg-ml21-cutinase-3j7h50nw.png Figure 1 Storage stability of cutinase (20 mg ml21), cutinase-dextran conjugate (0.267 mg enzyme ml21), Biosil-NH2-cutinase (2.42 mg enzyme g21 support) and Biosil-Dextran-NH2-cutinase (2.49 mg enzyme g21 support) in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 at 4°C. The symbols correspond to experimental values while the lines correspond to values calculated by Sadana’s model. For soluble cutinase (■, —), the Sadana model parameters are: k1 5 0.115 day21; k2 5 0.115 day 21; b1 5 1.98; b2 5 0.666. For the cutinase-dextran conjugate (h), the model does not apply to the experimental values; for BiosilNH2-cutinase (F, ——), the calculated parameters are k1 5 0.342 day 21; k2 5 0.342 day 21; b1 5 6.2; b2 5 0.974. For the Biosil-Dextran-NH2-cutinase (E, – – – ), the calculated parameters are k1 5 0.0758 day21; k2 5 0.743 day 21; b1 5 10.7; b2 5 0.783 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3shows-the-apparent-kinetic-parameters-of-immobilized-1l5z59wk.png Table 3 Kinetic parameters of immobilized and soluble cutinase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-analysis-of-biosil-nh2-1-and-biosil-nh2-3j5kcmhb.png Figure 2 Thermal analysis of Biosil-NH2 (1) and Biosil-NH2-cutinase (*) (a). Analysis conditions are described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data treatment of the curves gives heat contribution given by the immobilized biocatalyst. Relative thermodynamic data are reported in Table 4 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermal-analysis-of-biosil-dextran-nh2-1-and-biosil-38h1p0i8.png Figure 3 Thermal analysis of Biosil-Dextran-NH2 (1) and Biosil-Dextran-NH2-cutinase (*) (a). Analysis conditions are described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data treatment of the curves gives heat contribution given by the immobilized biocatalyst. Relative thermodynamic data are reported in Table 4 (b) https://scispace.com/papers/stability-study-of-the-tcp-red-system-using-detrended-594unons2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dfa-scaling-functions-obtained-from-red-instantaneous-2rdq0a13.png Fig. 3. DFA scaling functions obtained from RED instantaneous queue length for various choices of α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-red-queue-length-waveforms-using-ns-2-z9qtbebs.png Fig. 2. Simulated RED queue length waveforms using ns-2 simulator for filter resolutions α = 0.0001 and α = 0.0008 illustrate stable waveforms (a), (c), and (e) and unstable waveforms (b), (d), and (f), respectively. Figures (c) and (e) are enlarged views of (a) while (d) and (f) are enlarged views of (b). There are 170 TCP connections. Each connection shares a fixed bandwidth of 1.5 Mbps in the bottleneck link. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-system-of-n-tcp-flows-from-si-to-di-where-i-1-2-n-bwf5hhhw.png Fig. 1. A system of N TCP flows, from Si to Di, where i = 1, 2, · · · , N , passing through a common bottleneck link between G1 and G2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ns-2-simulation-parameters-14qpyu8z.png TABLE I ns-2 SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dfa-exponents-in-region-1-of-fig-3-for-varying-a-2zi4a7je.png Fig. 4. DFA exponents in region 1 of Fig. 3 for varying α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dfa-method-applied-to-stationary-signals-1oarzher.png Fig. 5. DFA method applied to stationary signals. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-vs-reactivity-understanding-the-adsorption-4rcyrghhcx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ir-spectra-of-methanol-exchanged-ni3-btp-2-dashed-39f409vb.png Fig. 2 IR spectra of methanol exchanged Ni3(BTP)2 (dashed black curve); outgassed for 2 h at RT (black curve); outgassed for 2 h at 473 K (dark grey curve); outgassed for 12 h at 523 K (grey curve); outgassed for 12 h at 573 K (light grey curve). Bands marked with asterisks are due to methanol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lattice-parameter-and-unit-cell-volume-of-ni3-btp-2-30anxtfb.png Table 1 Lattice parameter and unit cell volume of Ni3(BTP)2 with and without interaction with CO in the low spin (LS), diamagnetic phase and the high spin (HS), antiferromagnetic configuration.a Relevant structural features of the square planar Ni4 cluster linked to the exo-bidentate pyrazolate rings are also reported. ΔEstab is the relative stability of the two phases (HS vs. LS) and ΔEads is the BSSE-corrected interaction energy. Data are presented in Å and kJ mol−1 of Ni atoms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-framework-vibrational-modes-of-ni3-btp-2-in-its-2jbf8zw0.png Fig. 4 Framework vibrational modes of Ni3(BTP)2 in its activated form. Top: experimental spectrum (grey curve); bottom: theoretical spectrum computed at the Γ point on the optimized geometries, by means of a mass-weighted Hessian matrix obtained by numerical differentiation of the analytical first derivatives. The calculated frequencies are scaled by a factor of 0.975 to best fit the experimental IR spectra. The simulated spectrum has been computed using a Lorentzian function with a FWHM of 15 cm−1. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-10-w-er-zblan-fiber-laser-operating-at-271-288mm-48tkz54mq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continuous-wave-output-power-as-a-function-of-incident-3r05opzi.png Fig. 3. Continuous wave output power as a function of incident pump power at a wavelength of 2817 nm. Inset, a typical laser spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-tuning-curves-of-the-diode-pumped-cw-er-2aomzbxh.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Tuning curves of the diode-pumped cw Er-doped ZBLAN fiber laser for different pump-power levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-diagram-of-the-3id52y19.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Schematic diagram of the wavelengthtunable Er-doped ZBLAN fiber laser pumped by a laser diode. The inset shows how the spherical polishing of the fiber end ensures contact between the fiber core and the sapphire plate. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilized-antiferroelectricity-in-xbisco3-1-x-nanbo3-lead-o1nuubx86u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-dielectric-constant-as-a-function-of-temperature-2use8t4s.png FIG. 3. (a) Dielectric constant as a function of temperature during heating and cooling, showing thermal hysteresis; the dielectric anomalies around 270 C and 230 C correspond to the first-order phase transitions from the AFE R phase to the AFE P phase. (b) Dielectric loss as a function of temperature during heating and cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tem-micrographs-and-selected-area-diffraction-patterns-1hwaagvj.png FIG. 2. TEM micrographs and selected area diffraction patterns: (a) and (b) domain structure of NaNbO3; (e), (f), and (g) 1=4{010} type diffractions, showing the AFE P phase in NaNbO3; (h) 1=2{010} type diffraction patterns, showing the FE Q phase in NaNbO3; (c) and (d) domain structure of BSNN-1; and (i)–(k) 1=4{010} type superlattice diffraction in BSNN-1. The index is based on the prototype cubic perovskite structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-spectra-of-a-nanbo3-bsnn-1-and-bsnn-1yajsiyk.png FIG. 1. X-ray diffraction spectra of (a) NaNbO3, BSNN-1, and BSNN-2, (b) {1 1 3=4} superlattice reflection at 2h of 36.6 , and (c) {2 1 3=4} superlattice reflection at 2h of 55.2 . The peaks are indexed by the prototype cubic perovskite structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-electric-field-induced-polarization-double-2yhez3l0.png FIG. 4. (a) Electric field induced polarization double hysteresis loops and current density calculated by dP/dt. (b) X-t plot of NaNbO3 with CaZrO3, SrZrO3, CaHfO3, and BiScO3 dopants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-important-parameters-of-the-electric-properties-of-3jfe9t7s.png TABLE I. Important parameters of the electric properties of NaNbO3, CHNN, and BSNN. The parameters were calculated from the low-field and high-field dielectric properties. t, tolerance factor; T0, Curie-Weiss temperature; C, Curie-Weiss constant; T1, phase transition temperature during heating; T2, phase transition temperature during cooling; DT, the difference between T1 and T2; and EF critical electric field to induce AFE-FE switching. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-systems-with-probabilistic-interval-input-1lsle9lzpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computation-results-for-different-values-of-t1-and-2k5hu1ab.png TABLE III COMPUTATION RESULTS FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF τ̂1 AND δ0 = 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-maximum-allowable-t2-1hazhc9f.png TABLE II MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE τ̂2 https://scispace.com/papers/stable-behavioral-state-specific-large-scale-activity-4v3l5l9upd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-regions-contributing-to-hemisphere-symmetric-cortical-3alji4oe.png Fig. 4. Regions contributing to hemisphere-symmetric cortical activity in the neonatal mouse 2 cortex differ between behavioral states. 3 A, Spatial representation of the overlap between total symmetry maps recorded during motion and 4 resting time periods in a P3 mouse. Purple color indicates the area active during the motion period, 5 green color marks the area active during the resting period and white color shows the overlapping 6 area. B, The same representation as in A but for the semi-symmetry map obtained in the same 7 experimental animal. The arrow points to the retrosplenial cortex. For display purposes, an experiment 8 with a prominent overlap is shown. C, Box-and-whisker plot showing the number of pixels belonging to 9 the total symmetry map during motion (purple area) and rest (green area), as median (per mouse) 10 fractions of the total number of imaged cortical pixels (n = 7 mice). Obtained values are significantly 11 different (paired Student’s t-test, t5 = 7, P < 10 -3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hemisphere-symmetric-neuronal-activity-in-the-neonatal-1q4m1hh4.png Fig. 3. Hemisphere-symmetric neuronal activity in the neonatal mouse cortex. 3 A, Representative active subregions belonging to one multi-ROI filter (upper) as well as symmetry 4 maps (lower) projected on a grayscale image of P3 mouse cortex. Here and in Fig. 4 the sample data 5 are from mouse 4 (Fig. 2-2). Upper panels: fluorescence signals are color-coded with warmer colors 6 indicating higher signal intensity. Lower panels: different colors delineate multi-ROIs, each satisfying 7 the total (left panel) or semi- (right panel) symmetry criterion (see Materials and methods). B, Box-8 and-whisker plot illustrating the median fractions of multi-ROIs in three distinct categories: total, semi-, 9 and no symmetry (3 consecutive 10-min-long image series recorded in mouse 4). C, Same analyses 10 as in B illustrating the median data obtained in 7 different animals. Obtained values are significantly 11 different (One-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test, 12 F1.26 * ,7.56 * =625.7, P < 10 -3 ; P < 10 -3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-roi-based-frequency-maps-of-local-activity-2-a-20bqiouz.png Fig. 2. ROI-based frequency maps of local activity. 2 A, Representative frequency maps (NMF-based ROI analysis) recorded in a mouse 5 (Fig. 2-2) during 3 motion (left panel) and resting (right panel) time periods. B, Same analyses as in A, but each pixel is a 4 median of data obtained in 7 different animals. C, Box-and-whisker plots illustrating the fraction of time 5 animals spent in three different states: motion, rest and transition. The plot shows representative data 6 from one mouse (same as in A, n=3 consecutive 10-min-long image series). D, Same analyses as in 7 C but the plot shows a median of 7 mice. A significant difference was observed between the fractions 8 of time spent in 3 different conditions (One-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak 9 multiple comparisons test, F1.79 * ,10.73 * =5.4, P = 0.03, here and below a star ( * https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-functional-connectivity-map-2-direct-connectivity-maps-3dt4sfs7.png Fig. 6. Functional connectivity map. 2 Direct connectivity maps calculated for motion (left panels) and resting (right panels) periods with two 3 different values of γ (see Materials and methods). Each connectivity map is shown in the matrix as 4 well as trivial graph format. In the latter format, nodes represent cortical regions of interest predefined 5 in Fig. 5-1A, and edges between the two nodes show the direct connectivity between the two cortical 6 regions. Edge thickness represents the median strength of connections between the two cortical 7 regions. Similarly, circles depict connectivity within the given cortical region, and the thickness of each 8 circled line shows the median strength of connections in this cortical region. Note that in the matrix 9 format the strength of connectivity is shown on a logarythmic scale, providing a higher dynamic range. 10 Median of data obtained from 6 different animals. Color-coded scale bars show median connectivity 11 strength within and among cortical regions (see Materials and methods for details). 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-large-scale-spontaneous-neuronal-activity-in-the-x0bhkaw6.png Fig. 1. Large-scale spontaneous neuronal activity in the neonatal mouse cortex. 2 A, Top view on a P3 mouse cortex taken through an intact skull. Broken lines delineate cortical 3 regions of interest (estimated as in (Gee et al., 2014)): ML, MR - motor cortex (left and right), SL, SR - 4 somatosensory cortex (left and right), AuL, AuR - auditory cortex (left and right) and VL, VR - visual 5 cortex (left and right). B, Averages of 100 consecutive autofluorescence-subtracted images taken 6 during periods of either local (top) or global (middle) cortical activities or no activity (bottom). 7 Autofluorescence values are averages of mean pixel values recorded in three different 3-day-old 8 C57BL/6 mice. Subtraction was done for display purposes only. Image brightness (arbitrary units, AU) 9 is color coded, with warm colors reflecting higher values. C, 200-second-long ΔF/F traces recorded 10 from ROIs delineated in A. Gray boxes mark periods of animal’s movement. Arrowheads mark muscle 11 twitches. Data shown are from mouse 1 (Fig. 2-2). 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stationary-and-propagating-ca-2-39fsboxg.png Fig. 5. Stationary and propagating Ca 2+ https://scispace.com/papers/stable-hydrogen-pair-trapped-at-carbon-impurities-in-silicon-3vqg7dm8e4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-high-resolution-infrared-absorption-spectrum-showing-2rphciqx.png FIG. 4: High-resolution infrared absorption spectrum showing silicon isotope satellites of the 2210.4 cm−1 line in a Si:C crystal doped with hydrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-calculated-observed-lvms-cm-1-for-the-c-h-2-1-2cdhzifv.png TABLE II: Calculated (observed) LVMs, cm−1, for the (C-H∗2)1 trigonal defect (SiHbcCHab). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-observed-lvms-cm-1-for-the-c-h-2-2-1s8ktp9q.png TABLE I: Calculated (observed) LVMs, cm−1, for the (C-H∗2)2 trigonal defect (CHbcSiHab). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-isochronal-annealing-temperature-dependence-of-the-3is8f2bo.png FIG. 3: The isochronal annealing temperature dependence of the integrated absorption intensity of the bands at 665.3 and 2210.4 cm−1 in a 12C-rich FZ-Si sample which was treated in H2 gas ambient at 1350 ◦C for 30 min. IR absorption measurements were carried out at 10 K with a resolution 0.5 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-stress-s-on-the-2210-4-cm-1-line-in-hydrogen-26vwsy5e.png FIG. 5: Effect of stress, σ, on the 2210.4 cm−1 line in hydrogen-doped Si:C crystals. The stress direction and magnitude and the polarization vector, σ, for the incident light are given. The stick-bars show the fitted peak positions and relative intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effect-of-uniaxial-stress-on-the-2210-4-cm-1-mode-1908re57.png FIG. 6: The effect of uniaxial stress on the 2210.4 cm−1 mode. The stress direction and the polarization vector, E, for the incident light are indicated. The solid lines are the best-fit frequency shifts for a trigonal center with the following components of the piezospectroscopic tensor: A11=2.70 cm −1GPa−1 and A22=4.15 cm −1GPa−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-two-degenerate-c3v-structures-for-ch-2-a-shows-2q078q56.png FIG. 1: The two degenerate C3v structures for CH ∗ 2. a) shows SiHbcCHab, and b) displays CHbcSiHab. Relevant bondlengths and angles are shown where appropriate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-difference-absorption-spectra-measured-at-10-k-with-3bkizj40.png FIG. 2: a) Difference absorption spectra measured at 10 K with a resolution 0.5 cm−1 for 1) a Si:12C sample doped with hydrogen and 2) a Si:13C sample doped with hydrogen (spectra of a Si:12C sample and a Si:13C sample doped with deuterium were used as reference spectra for spectra 1) and 2), respectively); b) Details of infrared absorption spectra, measured at 10 K with a resolution 0.1 cm−1, on 12C-rich and 13C-rich Fz-Si samples, which were doped with hydrogen, deuterium and H+D mixture (50% + 50%). Multiplication factors for different parts of the spectra are indicated. All the samples were treated in H(D) gas ambient at 1350 ◦C for 30 min with a gas pressure of about 1.5 atm. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-igg-antibody-levels-in-patients-with-mild-sars-cov-2-46ukom6wn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-gender-and-self-reported-symptoms-of-patient-up81vb43.png Table 1. Age, gender and self-reported symptoms of patient-cases and non-cases. 274 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlation-of-igg-antibody-levels-against-tnsacoz6.png Figure 2. Correlation of IgG antibody levels against nucleocapsid and spike proteins among 304 patient-cases (n=145). 305 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-antibody-levels-in-patient-cases-with-mild-vs-1d6im76p.png Figure 3. Antibody levels in patient-cases with mild vs. moderate-severe disease (n = 120 vs. n = 315 21, respectively, four outliers removed). For explanation of boxes, see legend to Figure 1. 316 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-antibody-levels-against-viral-spike-and-3efxujyx.png Figure 1. Antibody levels against viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins in patient-cases (n = 145) 293 and non-cases (n = 324), respectively. Boxes include values between the first (Q1) and third (Q3) 294 quartile, whiskers limits shows values within Q1-IQR×1.5 and Q3+IQR×1.5. Outliers are defined 295 as values outside the whisker limits and median values are indicated by a line. IQR: Interquartile 296 range. 297 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-of-antibody-levels-among-patient-cases-cltnbgc2.png Figure 4. Correlation of antibody levels among patient-cases and time between disease notification 326 and serum sampling (n = 141, 4 outliers removed). 327 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-igg-antibodies-detected-in-serum-samples-of-patient-1ro9do9t.png Table 2. IgG-antibodies detected in serum samples of patient-cases and non-cases. 289 https://scispace.com/papers/stable-temperature-characteristics-and-suppression-of-3crcghww91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-versus-for-the-sample-a-without-and-b-with-pre-tmin-6dylzz9e.png Fig. 4. versus for the sample (a) without and (b) with pre-TMIn flow treatment from C to C. Series ( ) and parallel ( ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eqe-versus-injected-current-for-sample-a-without-and-b-32xfhts8.png Fig. 5. EQE versus injected current for sample (a) without and (b) with preTMIn flow treatment from C to C. Inset: Normalized EQE versus temperature at three different injected currents, mA, mA, and mA. (c) EQE droop versus temperature for both samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bright-field-tem-images-of-ingan-gan-mqws-grown-a-1rvkspxx.png Fig. 1. Bright-field TEM images of InGaN–GaN MQWs grown (a) without and (b) with pre-TMIn flow treatment. Inset: TEM diffraction patterns and enlarged TEM images of InGaN well regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-iqe-versus-carrier-concentration-inset-pl-spectra-2t3qdfzl.png Fig. 3. (a) IQE versus carrier concentration. Inset: PL spectra with peak wavelengths. (b) Radiative coefficient versus etch pit density. Inset: AFM images of surface morphology following etching treatment with phosphoric acid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cl-images-of-mqws-prepared-a-without-and-b-with-pre-1fvxrh6p.png Fig. 2. CL images of MQWs prepared (a) without and (b) with pre-TMIn flow treatment. Inset: CL spectra with peak wavelengths. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-isotope-analysis-using-tunable-diode-laser-422aj7yzlh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-20-measured-20esefha.png Table 1. Mean Values and Standard Deviations of 20 Measured Ratios, ("C02 / 12C02) ....... ,1 ( 13C02 / 12COJ,, in Eleven Pairs of Identical Gas Samples• https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-20-measured-2bbsqxo4.png Table 11. Mean Values and Standard Deviations of 20 Measured Ratios, {' 3C02/ 12COJun>nown/(13C02/ 12COJ,,In Four Pairs https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-shows-the-results-of-the-second-data-set-in-which-33h4vs4c.png Table II shows the results of the second data set in which the unknown sample was enriched in 13C0 • 2 The standard deviation of the ratio of 13C0 12/2 C02 ratios within each run was better than 0.4%. The average value determined for the percent of 13C02 isotopic enrichment was 5.18 (average deviation 0.3). The actual percent of isotopic enrichment, as determined by mass spectrometry,32 was 5.25 ± 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-graph-integrated-absorbances-cm-1-molecule-cm-2-2dhkmslw.png Fig. 1. Upper graph, integrated absorbances [cm-1/(molecule cm-2 )] of individual rovibrationallines from the v3 bands of 13C02 (dashed lines) and 12C02 (solid lines). The relative absorbance of the lines is indicated for an isotopic ratio (i3C/ 12C) of -1:90 as is the case for Earth samples. The bands overlap in such a way as to have approximately equal absorbances for the two isotopes in the region from -2280 to -2300 cm- 1• Lower graph, expanded plot of the overlap region of the v3 bands of 13C02 (dashed lines) and 12C02 (solid lines). A particularly suitable pair of 13C/ 12C lines is indicated by an asterisk. The R(lO) line of 13C02 and the P(60) line of 12C02 are only 0.139 cm- 1 apart and have nearly equal absorbances. These two lines may be scanned in one sweep and the relative absorbances measured can be used to determine the isotopic composition. Representative spectra of these lines are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectrum-of-c02-obtained-with-our-spectrometer-1o3hxtxy.png Fig. 3. Spectrum of C02 obtained with our spectrometer operating in a single lasing mode at 79 K. The sample C02 gas was at room temperature and at a pressure of 1.25 Torr. This sweep-integrated spectrum was obtained by co-adding 512 individual sweeps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-a-stable-isotope-laser-spectrometer-sils-27i00awm.png Fig. 2. Schematic of a stable isotope laser spectrometer (SILS), with a liquid-nitrogen cooled lead-salt diode laser, a grating monochromator, a pellicle beam splitter, and liquid-nitrogen-cooled indium antimonide detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-raw-spectra-covering-the-region-of-the-13c02-r-lo-and-cyjf3bov.png Fig. 4. Raw spectra covering the region of the 13C02 R(lO) and 12C02 P(60) spectral lines of the v3 rovibrational band. Each spectrum consists of 512 co-added sweeps. a, Evacuated cell indicating 100% transmission; b, spectrum of C02 lines at 0.77 torr; c, spectrum of C02 lines at high pressure (high absorbance) (the saturated absorbance peaks indicate zero transmission); d, spectrum of the germanium etalon inserted into the beam of the evacuated cell. The accurate wave-number spacing of the interference fringes (0.04864 cm-1 per fringe) permits a reconstruction of the corrected wave-number axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transmission-spectrum-of-the-c02-lines-shown-in-fig-4-1d0m4pjp.png Fig. 5. Transmission spectrum of the C02 lines shown in Fig. 4. This spectrum is the ratio of the raw data spectrum and the raw evacuated cell spectrum yielding the transmission. The zero transmission level has been shifted by taking into account the saturated spectrum of Fig. 4 (spectrum c), which indicated -0.2% background signal at the saturated absorption line center, possibly from mode impurities or laser line Lorentz tails. The wave-number axis has been assigned by taking into account the etalon sweep shown in Fig. 4, spectrum d. The data have a signal-to-noise ratio of several thousand. Also shown is a plot of the fit to the data, which lies too close to the data to be distinguished in this figure. The residual (data minus fit) times 10 is plotted below. The small systematic deviations between data and fit presumably are due to instrumental imperfections, for example, the small but detectable width of the instrument response function. https://scispace.com/papers/stackelberg-leadership-with-product-differentiation-and-kqgmtpq54i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3m379ydz.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/stable-ultra-thin-cdte-crystal-a-robust-direct-gap-461qbmbf3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-band-dispersion-of-single-layer-ww90kpa7.png Figure 4. Evolution of the band dispersion of single-layer CdTe as a function of in-plane strain along armchair (εarm) and zigzag (εzig) directions. Fermi level is set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-band-dispersion-of-single-layer-36ev895f.png Figure 5. Evolution of the band dispersion of single-layer CdTe as a function of compressive strain along out-of-plane (εv) direction. Fermi level is set to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-band-gaps-of-single-layer-cdte-under-15t38yqj.png Figure 6. Evolution of band gaps of single-layer CdTe under inplane and out-of-plane strain. Dots are calculated values and lines are fitted values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-side-views-a-along-a-lattice-vector-b-along-b-5cgnvvwl.png Figure 1. Side views (a) along a lattice vector, (b) along b lattice vector and (c) top view of single-layer CdTe. Black lines represent the rectangular unit cell. (d) The charge densities of the isolated Cd and Te atoms are subtracted from the charge density of single-layer CdTe. The yellow and blue densities stand for the negative and positive charges, respectively. Red and blue atoms are for Cd and Te, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-calculated-ground-state-properties-for-bulk-and-2j6jiivh.png Table 1. The calculated ground state properties for bulk and singlelayer (SL) CdTe: The lattice constants, a and b; atomic distance between Cd and Te atoms, dCd−Te; charge transfer from Cd to Te atom, ∆ρ; the cohesive energy per atom, Ec; energy band gap, Egap; and ionization energy, I. E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-electronic-band-structure-and-b-atom-and-orbital-19c24bid.png Figure 2. (a) Electronic band structure and (b) atom- and orbital-decomposed electronic density of states of single-layer CdTe. Fermi level is set to zero. (c) and (d) 2D surface plots of the valence band and the conduction band edges in the reciprocal space, respectively. The energy values (eV) are color coded below the plots. https://scispace.com/papers/staff-experiences-working-in-community-based-services-for-1kqoqc67aw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-staff-experiences-and-severity-of-challenging-2a79zr5h.png Table 1. Staff experiences and severity of challenging behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contact-with-rm-and-pl-1ee9fvpm.png Table 3. Contact with RM and PL https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-staff-work-experiences-manager-2jofvmxw.png Table 2. Correlations between staff work experiences, manager contact and PL https://scispace.com/papers/stages-of-the-2007-2008-global-financial-crisis-is-there-a-20z5rklscp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6b-ted-spread-3m-libor-minus-3m-t-bill-rate-daily-1jtaj3eh.png Figure 6b: TED spread (3M LIBOR minus 3M T-bill rate). Daily data for one-year period ending December 9, 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6a-ted-spread-3m-libor-minus-3m-t-bill-rate-daily-jyzrzohk.png Figure 6b: TED spread (3M LIBOR minus 3M T-bill rate). Daily data for one-year period ending December 9, 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ratio-of-new-housing-starts-to-new-houses-sold-2gq6gj0k.png Figure 2: The ratio of new housing starts to new houses sold in the U.S., with Hodrick-Prescott trend (upper lines, right scale) and the cyclical component (lower line, left scale). January 1990 – June 2008 series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-new-privately-owned-housing-starts-and-new-1t4zj178.png Figure 1: Total new privately-owned housing starts and new one-family houses sold in the U.S (in ‘000). January 1990 – June 2008 series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-30-year-conventional-mortgage-rate-and-the-116zq58h.png Figure 3: The 30-year conventional mortgage rate and the effective federal funds rate. January 1990 – June 2008 series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cpi-and-trimmed-mean-core-pce-inflation-rates-in-2qz0fs8i.png Figure 8: CPI and trimmed-mean Core PCE inflation rates in the United States. January 2000 – April 2008 sample period, year-on-year data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-global-cdo-market-issuance-quarterly-series-2005q1-oxenb4tm.png Figure 4: Global CDO market issuance. Quarterly series 2005Q1 – 2008Q1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratio-of-level-3-assets-to-equity-1oyrifrk.png Table 1: Ratio of Level 3 assets to equity. https://scispace.com/papers/standardization-of-sperm-motility-analysis-by-using-casa-mot-34numppst1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-the-magnification-lens-and-chamber-at-the-1yqgghn3.png Table 3: Effect of the magnification lens and chamber at the optimal FR (100 fps) on the percentage of total motility for the sperm samples of European eel, Atlantic salmon and Siberian sturgeon. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Last letters of the alphabet indicate a significant difference between the magnification lens within the same chamber (P < 0.05). Note: x10, x10 objective; x20, x20 objective; 10 µm, 10 µm depth; 20 µm, 20 µm depth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-the-magnification-lens-and-chamber-at-the-1plrg0hq.png Table 4: Effect of the magnification lens and chamber at the optimal FR on estimated kinematic parameters of European eel (200 frames s-1), Atlantic salmon (250 frames s-1) and Siberian sturgeon (225 frames s-1). First letters of the alphabet indicate significant differences between chamber within the same magnification lens (P < 0.05); last letters of the alphabet indicate a significant difference between magnification lens within the same chamber (P < 0.05). Note: VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity; VAP, average path velocity; LIN, linearity; STR, straightness; WOB, wobble; ALH, amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF, beat-cross frequency; x10, x10 objective; x20, x20 objective; 10 µm, 10 µm depth; 20 µm, 20 µm depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-magnification-lens-x10-and-20x-fr-up-to-1mknflp1.png Figure 4: Effect of magnification lens (x10 and 20x), FR (up to 250 fps) and chamber (10 (light grey boxplot) and 20 µm (dark grey boxplot) depth) on VCL (A, B), VSL (C, D) and LIN (E, F) of Siberian sturgeon sperm. Data are presented as median (interquartile range; Q1 and Q3) and minimum and maximum value. Different letters indicate significant differences between FR within the same magnification lens and chamber (P < 0.05); the asterisk (*) indicate a significant difference between chamber within the same magnification lens and FR (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-fr-needed-to-obtain-the-threshold-level-a-1w8oe615.png Table 1: Optimal FR needed to obtain the threshold level (α) for each technical condition, rate of increase the asymptote (β) and the asymptotic level of motility rate (MOT) for the sperm samples of the three diadromous fish species (eel, salmon, sturgeon). The theoretical MOT value for 50, 100 and 250 fps was calculated based on α and β values. Note: FR, frame rate; MOT, the percentage of total motility; α, threshold asymptotic level; β, the rate of increase; SE, standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-magnification-lens-x10-and-20x-fr-up-to-3cnwrt4i.png Figure 3: Effect of magnification lens (x10 and 20x), FR (up to 250 fps) and chamber (10 (light grey boxplot) and 20 µm (dark grey boxplot) depth) on VCL (A, B), VSL (C, D) and LIN (E, F) of Atlantic salmon sperm. Data are presented as median (interquartile range; Q1 and Q3) and minimum and maximum value. Different letters indicate significant differences between FR within the same magnification lens and chamber (P < 0.05); the asterisk (*) indicate a significant difference between chamber within the same magnification lens and FR (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sperm-motility-tracks-of-a-european-eel-b-atlantic-h6dycfqn.png Figure 1: Sperm motility tracks of (A) European eel, (B) Atlantic salmon and (C) Siberian sturgeon, exhibiting 4 groups of spermatozoa velocity: rapid (red), medium (green), slow (blue) and static (yellow). Scale bar of 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-magnification-lens-x10-and-20x-fr-up-to-7l33chn6.png Figure 2: Effect of magnification lens (x10 and 20x), FR (up to 250 fps) and chamber (10 (light grey boxplot) and 20 µm (dark grey boxplot) depth) on VCL (A, B), VSL (C, D) and LIN (E, F) of European eel sperm. Data are presented as median (interquartile range; Q1 and Q3) and minimum and maximum values. Different letters indicate significant differences between FR within the same magnification lens and chamber (P < 0.05); the asterisk (*) indicate a significant difference between chamber within the same magnification lens and FR (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimal-fr-needed-to-obtain-the-threshold-level-a-3ipskvum.png Table 2: Optimal FR needed to obtain the threshold level (α) for each technical condition, rate of increase the asymptote (β) and the asymptotic level of VCL for the sperm samples of the three diadromous fish species (eel, salmon, sturgeon). The theoretical VCL value for 50, 100 and 250 fps was calculated based on α and β values. Note: FR, frame rate; VCL, curvilinear velocity; α, threshold asymptotic level; β, the rate of increase; SE, standard error. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-histories-of-early-type-galaxies-i-higher-47b9h6lnnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spectral-indices-and-their-errors-full-table-3957de16.png Table 3. Spectral Indices and Their Errors (Full Table Available as a Separate File) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-observational-data-for-the-high-s-galaxies-12ammicv.png Fig. 20.— The observational data for the high-σ galaxies (asterisks) are plotted along with simulated observations (open circles) in the Fe4383 versus Hn/Fe diagram. The solid and dashed lines indicate the grid of Worthey models, and the large square represents M32. An additional age line is shown here, at 19.05 Gyr. In panel (a) we have only included the known ±1σ observational errors in producing the simulated galaxy points. In panels (b) and (c) we have allowed for a ±1σ scatter of 2 Gyr in age and 0.1 in [Fe/H], respectively, along with the observational errors. In panel (d) we have simulated correlated errors in age and [Fe/H]. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-lick-fe4383-index-is-plotted-versus-the-hn-fe-3vjm7o8w.png Fig. 6.— The Lick Fe4383 index is plotted versus the Hn/Fe index for all galaxies in our sample with σ ≤230 km s−1. Note that low values of Hn/Fe indicate strong Balmer line strength relative to the neighboring metal lines. The galaxies have been subdivided into four different velocity dispersion bins in the four panels of the Figure. The large square denotes the elliptical galaxy M32, while the large triangle denotes the globular cluster 47 Tuc. The grid lines connect the simple stellar populations from the Worthey models of various ages and metallicities. Solid lines connect models of constant age; the ages (in Gyr), from top to bottom, are: 1.00, 2.00, 3.16, 5.01, 7.94 (shown in bold), 12.02, 15.13, 17.38.. Dashed lines connect models of constant metal-abundance; the [Fe/H] values, from left to right, are: +0.4, 0.0 (shown in bold), -0.4, and -0.7. The galaxy data for this plot have been corrected for emission only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-the-empirical-hd-line-strength-2stikrj1.png Fig. 1.— Comparison between the empirical Hδ line strength fitting function (curves) and the synthetic library stars (symbols) for solar metallicity and three different surface gravities. The region of overlap is indicated by the vertical dashed lines. The fitting functions are calculated for T<6300 K and used for T<6000K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-comparison-is-made-between-the-derived-ages-for-our-1k6dipb9.png Fig. 16.— A comparison is made between the derived ages for our galaxy sample from four different model grids. The unity line is shown as a visual aid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-srii4077-fei4063-index-is-plotted-versus-the-hd-1zsfnqow.png Fig. 10.— The SrII4077/FeI4063 index is plotted versus the Hδ/4063 index. High-σ galaxies are plotted as small asterisks, while M32 and 47 Tuc are plotted as a large filled square and triangle, respectively. The solid line represents the mean relation for dwarf stars, while the dashed line represents the mean relation for giants. The left arrow indicates the direction of correlated errors in the plot. The error bars in the lower right corner indicate the average ±1σ errors in the galaxy indices. Note that the lower values of the Balmer sensitive Hδ/4063 index, as well as the gravity sensitive index SrII4077/FeI4063 indicate early stellar spectral types. The diagram is plotted in the same manner as previous papers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-the-age-s-diagram-for-all-galaxies-in-the-sample-the-2ggoym8g.png Fig. 21.— The age-σ diagram for all galaxies in the sample. The squares denote the Virgo galaxies; the triangles denote field galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-a-comparison-with-previous-ages-and-metallicities-hbx75a1b.png Table 10. A Comparison with Previous Ages and Metallicities https://scispace.com/papers/star-shaped-ruthenium-complexes-as-prototypes-of-molecular-4pbd9i3xu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-side-view-a-and-top-view-b-of-the-molecular-16x79ahr.png Figure 3. Side view (a) and top view (b) of the molecular structure of ruthenium complex 5. Thermal ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability, hydrogen atoms, solvent molecules and disordered atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-gearing-effect-between-two-star-shaped-l44ptab5.png Figure 2. Expected gearing effect between two star-shaped ruthenium complexes in close proximity on a metallic surface, using a STM tip as a source of mechanical energy to rotate the first cogwheel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-molecular-motor-1-left-and-general-3m309cn4.png Figure 1. Structure of molecular motor 1 (left) and general design of ruthenium-based star-shaped molecular gears (right). https://scispace.com/papers/start-to-end-modelling-of-a-mode-locked-optical-klystron-3bdxcsfo3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-scaled-radiation-pulse-width-lr-top-and-bhyhynxd.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Scaled radiation pulse width lr (top) and peak intensity jAj2peak (bottom) plotted as a function of scaled distance, z, through the undulator for different energy modulation amplitudes. The optimal initial seed alignment is used ( z10 0:51 in Fig. 7). An energy modulation amplitude of cm=c0 0.2% is sufficient to restrict pulse broadening. Increasing the modulation amplitude further does not reduce the pulse width but does reduce the growth rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-layout-of-the-nls-recirculating-3rrkv2pl.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic layout of the NLS recirculating accelerator. The 200 MeV injector includes a third harmonic cavity (3x), laser heater (LH), and bunch compression chicane (BC1). Two passes of a 1 GeV main linac and two further bunch compression stages (BC2 and BC3) follow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-simulation-results-for-the-mlok-fel-with-2tcvck3d.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Simulation results for the MLOK FEL with a filtered, single mode, HH seed. The left plots show the initial scaled power (top) and scaled spectral power (bottom) of the seed at z ¼ 0. The right plots show the equivalent close to saturation at z ¼ 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-top-radiation-pulse-output-power-close-to-1h7p6360.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Top—radiation pulse output power close to saturation (120 modules) and the corresponding radiation spectrum (inset); Middle—the initial energy modulated electron beam energy; and Bottom— electron beam current profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-bunch-properties-in-1-fs-bins-on-entrance-2tbqa8w5.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Bunch properties in 1 fs bins on entrance to the modulator prior to entry to the MLOK FEL: Top left—longitudinal phase space, Top right—current profile, Bottom left— slice emittance, and Bottom right—slice energy spread. The region selected for FEL simulations is highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-top-radiation-power-at-the-centre-of-the-1kpqqr2u.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Top—radiation power at the centre of the 120th undulator module; Middle—slice-averaged electron beam energy offset from the resonant energy (in terms of electron rest mass energy); Bottom— electron beam bunching at the centre of the 120th undulator module. The radiation pulses align with the positions of minimum energy gradient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-scaled-longitudinal-intensity-profile-top-n7s0jrbo.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Scaled longitudinal intensity profile (top) and spectral power distribution (bottom) for the HH seed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-alignment-of-the-hh-seed-pulses-relative-16zm5qtv.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Alignment of the HH seed pulses relative to the electron beam energy modulation at the start of an undulator module for two cases (a) l=2 behind the central energy of the modulation and (b) l=2 behind the minima of the energy modulation. Here, p¼ (c – c0)=qc0 is the scaled electron beam energy. https://scispace.com/papers/state-led-or-market-led-green-revolution-role-of-private-3ixgfp94az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impact-of-policy-interventions-on-log-of-per-acre-ibl09mh5.png Table 9: Impact of Policy Interventions on Log of Per Acre Irrigation Expenditure in Rice Cultivation https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-effects-of-land-reforms-and-other-development-13i4dx8n.png Table 17: Effects of Land Reforms and Other Development Programs on Total Value Added, Net of Irrigation Effecta https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-first-stage-results-for-iv-regressions-in-table-11-qn13plpd.png Table 12: First Stage Results for IV Regressions in Table 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trends-in-public-supplies-of-agricultural-inputs-91y3x2ri.png Table 2: Trends in Public Supplies of Agricultural Inputs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-extent-of-land-reforms-2qifoqol.png Table 1: Extent of Land Reforms https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-impact-on-log-of-per-acre-irrigation-expenditure-in-6a0rcaa0.png Table 13: Impact on Log of Per Acre Irrigation Expenditure in Cultivation of Rice and All Crops: Tenant vs. Non-tenant Farms https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-first-stage-results-for-iv-regressions-in-table-6-2lq0q3cw.png Table 7: First Stage Results for IV Regressions in Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-effect-of-land-reforms-and-other-development-2d3bgc2h.png Table 16: Effect of Land Reforms and Other Development Programs on Rice Yields, Net of Irrigation Effecta https://scispace.com/papers/state-level-fdi-and-within-occupation-wage-inequality-in-the-1tp83j7xyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-fdi-on-wage-inequality-1yqktw4p.png Table 2. Effects of FDI on wage inequality. https://scispace.com/papers/static-and-dynamic-crushing-of-novel-porous-crochet-sintered-7zxdctgs3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-setup-for-low-velocity-impact-test-1nqz1085.png Fig. 3 The setup for low velocity impact test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crocheting-and-vacuum-sintering-procedure-for-pcsm-1q19e8n4.png Fig. 1. Crocheting and vacuum sintering procedure for PCSM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crashworthiness-parameters-of-pcsms-and-tubes-for-391zshk7.png Table 3 Crashworthiness parameters of PCSMs and tubes for dynamic crushing deformation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crashworthiness-parameters-of-pcsms-and-tubes-for-3rwzeoit.png Table 2 Crashworthiness parameters of PCSMs and tubes for quasi-static crushing deformation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summarizes-the-effective-stroke-of-tubes-for-12vqo0z7.png Table 3 Crashworthiness parameters of PCSMs and tubes for dynamic crushing deformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10e-shows-the-dynamic-load-displacement-curves-of-filled-1g7fn1di.png Fig. 10e shows the dynamic load-displacement curves of filled composite tubes with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7a-shows-the-failure-mode-of-pcsm1-during-static-1mp5i9w2.png Fig. 7a shows the failure mode of PCSM1 during static crushing deformation. It can be seen that the failure of pore structures preferentially takes place near the upper surface, whereas the distal end shows little deformation. Then, some bulging is initiated from a local site. The local bulging zone radiates rapidly to the entire PCSM with increasing load. Finally, the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-the-mean-crushing-force-pmean-is-calculated-as-1-50-3w2ax7kd.png Fig. 5a. The mean crushing force (Pmean) is calculated as [1, 50, 51] https://scispace.com/papers/static-and-dynamic-single-leg-postural-control-performance-793hybpm58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-brooks-spatial-memory-test-card-participants-27qf25jo.png Figure 4: Sample Brooks Spatial Memory Test card. Participants would memorize the grid position of each number and recall these positions in numerical order starting with 1 and ending with 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-values-standard-deviations-of-kinematic-2hi5e6ib.png Table 5: Mean values ± standard deviations of kinematic variables for dynamic postural control conditions. Post hoc pairwise statistical significance indicated by: *, different from single-task (p<0.017); ‡, different from both single-task and dual-task with Brooks (p<0.017). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-six-test-conditions-completed-by-all-participants-to-30otyy8w.png Table 1: Six test conditions completed by all participants to test postural control performance. Balance and cognitive assessments for each condition were performed concurrently during testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-standard-deviations-of-postural-control-2f3ekx2g.png Table 4: Mean values ± standard deviations of postural control variables for all conditions. ANOVA statistical significance indicated by: a, interaction effect (p<0.05); b, effect for balance condition (p<0.05); c, main effect for cognitive condition (p<0.05). Post hoc pairwise statistical significance indicated by: d, different from single-task (p<0.00714); e, different from dual-task with Brooks (p<0.00714); f, different from both single-task and dual-task with Brooks (p<0.00714). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-and-formulae-of-postural-control-outcome-1fnuigi9.png Table 2: Definitions and formulae of postural control outcome variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-stabilogram-plotting-center-of-pressure-excursion-26m6w5do.png Figure 1: A stabilogram plotting center of pressure excursion during one trial of the test condition single leg stance during single-task for one subject. Raw center of pressure data was used for this plot, where no smoothing technique was applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-stabilogram-plotting-center-of-pressure-excursion-2d1xgq91.png Figure 2: A stabilogram plotting center of pressure excursion during one trial of the https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-and-formulae-of-kinetic-outcome-variables-33x8r38q.png Table 3: Definition and formulae of kinetic outcome variables. https://scispace.com/papers/static-slicing-of-threaded-programs-51wrmont04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-program-with-nested-threads-d9skt7p6.png Figure 4: A program with nested threads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-threaded-program-15ejuyya.png Figure 1: A threaded program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-threaded-cfg-35y1g89h.png Figure 2: A threaded CFG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-threaded-pdg-g68ulfh9.png Figure 3: A threaded PDG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-tpdg-of-figure-4-2lcljjko.png Figure 5: The tPDG of Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-slicing-algorithm-3aycfqoj.png Figure 6: Slicing algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/static-versus-dynamic-analysis-of-the-influence-of-gravity-584z8qgrj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-log-log-plot-of-the-solutal-rayleigh-9zd9gaey.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Log-log plot of the solutal Rayleigh number as obtained from static and dynamic analysis for different experiments. Symbols are the same as in fig. 1. Inset: ratio of the values of Ras as obtained from the statics and dynamics vs. the one obtained from the dynamic analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-solutal-characteristic-wave-vector-as-34n17vuv.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Solutal characteristic wave vector as obtained from static and dynamic analysis for different experiments. Open symbols denote the data from Soret experiments from refs. [7,8], while filled symbols denote free-diffusion ones [13, 14]. Color codes define the sample utilized: black is for THN-n-C12, red for THN-IBB, blue for IBB-n-C12, brown for glycerol/water against water from ref. [13] and pink for urea/water against water from ref. [14]. Symbols stand for the applied temperature differences: squares are for ΔT = 20K, circles for ΔT = 16K, up-triangles for ΔT = 12K, downtriangles for ΔT = 8K and diamonds for the isothermal freediffusion experiments. Inset: ratio of the values of q∗s as obtained from the statics and dynamics vs. the one obtained from the dynamic analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-organs-shapes-and-deformations-the-2cbanhuawg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-one-year-structural-changes-for-135-alzheimers-8h94cpvd.png Fig. 2 One year structural changes for 135 Alzheimer’s patients. A) Mean of the longitudinal SVFs transported in the template space with the pole ladder. We notice the lateral expansion of the ventricles and the contraction in the temporal areas. B) T-statistic for the corresponding log-Jacobian values significantly different from 0 (p < 0.001 FDR corrected). C) T-statistic for longitudinal log-Jacobian scalar maps resampled from the subject to the template space. Blue color: significant expansion, Red color: significant contraction (Figure reproduced from [33] with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-three-views-of-the-first-top-row-and-second-bottom-row-159pmsy6.png Fig. 5 Three views of the first (top row) and second (bottom row) spatial modes for the healthy controls (left) and for the Tetralogy of Fallot patients (right). The modes for the healthy controls represent the radial contraction and circumferential motion, whereas the modes for the Tetralogy of Fallot patients represent the translation towards the right ventricle. Yellow arrows indicate the general direction of motion. Figure ©IEEE 2015, reproduced from [38] with permission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-low-dimensional-parametrization-of-diffeomorphisms-vblntacq.png Fig. 3 A low dimensional parametrization of diffeomorphisms for tracking cardiac motion in cine-MRI: the flow of an affine transformation with 12 parameters (middle) is generating a local velocity field around each of the 17 AHA regions (on the left). The weighted average of these 17 affine velocity fields produces a global velocity field whose flow (the group exponential) is parametrizing the heart deformation (on the right). In this context, motion tracking consists in optimizing the 12*17=204 regional parameters, which is easily done in the log-demons framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-riemannian-geometry-and-statistics-on-the-sphere-left-jw87vq71.png Fig. 1 Riemannian geometry and statistics on the sphere. Left: The tangent planes at points x and y of the sphere S2 are different: the tangent vectors v and w at the point x cannot be compared to the vectors t and u that tangent at the point y. Thus, it is natural to define the scalar product on each tangent plane. Middle: Geodesics starting at x are straight lines in a normal coordinate system at x and the distance is conserved up to the cut-locus. Right: the Fréchet mean x̄ is the point minimizing the mean squared Riemannian distance to the data points. It corresponds to the point for which the development of the geodesics to the data points on the tangent space is optimally centered (the mean ∑ i logx̄(xi) = 0 in that tangent space is zero). The covariance matrix is then defined in that tangent space. Figure adapted from [45]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dominant-mode-combinations-common-to-healthy-and-tof-33xqqzt1.png Fig. 4 Dominant mode combinations common to healthy and ToF cohorts: affine mode 2 (a), temporal modes 2 and 4 (b), and regional mode 2 (c). Key - a: anterior, p: posterior, s: septal, l: lateral. Figure reproduced from [37] with permission. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-spin-switching-in-coupled-spin-5b1e336n4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-studied-system-two-coupled-spincrossover-10iiy7uv.png FIG. 1. Sketch of the studied system: Two coupled spincrossover molecules [Fe(III)(EtOSalPet)(NCS)] residing in the gap between two gold electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-factorial-cumulants-probing-the-switching-dynamics-of-1dbmnwmk.png FIG. 5. Factorial cumulants probing the switching dynamics of the two molecules. Experimental data is compared with the theoretical model of non-interacting and interacting molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-conductance-as-function-of-time-b-probability-4eyfi757.png FIG. 2. (a) Conductance as function of time. (b) Probability density function PDF of the conductance values. Four different molecular states give rise to four maxima. (c) Segment of the conduction time trace from (a). Individual jumps between the conductance plateaus are visible. Lifetimes can be identified as indicated by τ1, τ2, τ3, and τ4. The authors gratefully acknowledge re-use of the data from Ref. [26], Copyright c© 2020 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-from-the-statistical-analysis-the-first-223bal8i.png TABLE I. Results from the statistical analysis: the first index refers to the f, the second to the s molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lifetime-distributions-of-the-different-states-of-the-3rtbv5zr.png FIG. 3. Lifetime distributions of the different states of the two-molecule system and the lowly switching molecule. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-the-2012-2013-torreperogil-sabiote-2h0celnv3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-maximum-likelihood-estimates-of-the-etas-3392io0g.png Table 2: The maximum likelihood estimates of the ETAS parameters for the three different time periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-characteristic-of-the-selected-sub-series-15uy6go6.png Table 1: The characteristic of the selected sub-series https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-time-resolved-emission-from-1zfsym9fsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-log-normal-distribution-of-this-distribution-was-34fylyp9.png FIG. 5. Log-normal distribution of . This distribution was modeled to the data of Fig. 4 curve a, quantum dots in photonic crystal and Fig. 3 curve b, quantum dots in a diluted suspension , with mf and as adjustable parameters. For curve a mf is 91.7 s−1 1/ mf =10.9 ns and the width of the distribution is 0.57 ns−1 and for curve b mf is 25.8 s −1 1/ mf =38.8 ns and the width of the distribution is 0.079 ns−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-relation-between-decay-of-an-excited-1j721v6j.png FIG. 1. Schematic of the relation between decay of an excited state X* to the ground state X and experimental observable parameters. The density of emitters in the excited state is equal to c t and can be probed by transient absorption. The emitted light intensity as a function of time f t is recorded in luminescence decay measurements. In photothermal measurements the released heat g− f t after photoexcitation is detected. g t describes the total decay, i.e., the sum of the radiative and the nonradiative decay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-plot-of-a-non-single-exponential-decay-of-i6yauy2p.png FIG. 2. Color online Plot of a non-single-exponential decay of the fraction c t /c 0 black solid curve, left axis and the corresponding total intensity decay curve g t red dashed curve, right axis . The curves that describe the fraction of excited emitters and the corresponding intensity decay curve are strongly different. In this example, c t /c 0 is the Kohlrausch stretched-exponential decay of the fraction Eq. 19 , black solid curve and g t the corresponding decay curve Eq. 20 , red dashed curve . We have taken =0.5 and str=1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-luminescence-decay-curve-of-emission-from-3py5cc2z.png FIG. 3. Color online Luminescence decay curve of emission from a dilute suspension of CdSe quantum dots open dots, left axis . Data were collected at the red side of the emission maximum of the suspension, at =650±5 nm. Single-exponential modeling red dashed curve, right axis yields a decay time of 39.0±2.8 ns and a r 2 of 1.12. The average photon arrival time t , calculated with Eq. 7 , is 39.1 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-luminescence-decay-curve-of-emission-from-3j51a8r2.png FIG. 4. Color online Luminescence decay curve of emission from CdSe quantum dots in a titania inverse opal photonic crystal dots, left axis . The lattice parameter of the titania inverse opal was 340 nm and the emission wavelength =595 nm. a A log-normal distribution of rates Eqs. 17 and 18 , red dashed curve, right axis models the data extremely well r 2=1.17 . The mf is 91.7 s−1 1/ mf =10.9 ns and the width of the distribution is 0.57 ns−1. b In contrast, a Kohlrausch stretched-exponential model red dashed curve, right axis does not fit the data r 2=60.7 . The stretched-exponential curve corresponds to str=96.2 s −1 1/ str =10.4 ns , an average decay time t of 31.1 ns, and a value of 0.42. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-the-distribution-of-infralittoral-34ikljymtl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-poisson-regression-model-results-significant-1s6ir2qt.png Table 4 Poisson Regression Model results—significant variables, percentage of explained deviance and predictive error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-the-upper-infralittoral-macroalgal-1itso62v.png Fig. 3. Percentage of the upper infralittoral macroalgal communities (a) and summary of the geomorphological characteristics in the study areas after DEM integration (b). Values are shown as percentages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-locations-1dkju3ej.png Fig. 1. Study area locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ecological-values-eqv-for-the-3-categories-of-coast-1jq5pqfs.png Table 2 Ecological values (EQV) for the 3 categories of coast (high, low and metric blocks) calculated on the Pontine islands and in the reference sites (Ballesteros et al., 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-autologistic-models-estimated-using-maximum-pseudo-34gg60sq.png Table 3 Autologistic Models estimated using maximum pseudo-likelihood − significant variables (5% error), percentage of deviance explained and predictive error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-statistical-protocol-3vwwuq9c.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the statistical protocol. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-approaches-to-ddos-attack-detection-and-response-3n0m3e2duv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-source-address-entropy-under-normal-etsbh4nq.png Figure 4: Distribution of source address entropy under normal and typical-DDoS attack conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-source-address-chisquare-values-68p17vjo.png Figure 5: Distribution of source address chisquare values under normal and typical-DDoS attack conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-entropy-for-a-brief-ddos-attack-3dvegkp5.png Figure 1: Entropy for a brief DDoS attack https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entropy-detector-accuracy-for-current-and-future-261bvk7o.png Table 1: Entropy detector accuracy for current and future attack types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-source-address-entropy-under-normal-14m50fte.png Figure 6: Distribution of source address entropy under normal and stealthy-DDoS attack conditions https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-mechanics-of-multipartite-entanglement-81mg413jja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-density-function-p-pa-of-a-typical-37rpy8v2.png Figure 1. Probability density function p(πA) of a typical state over balanced bipartitions. For large n, the average is 2/NA and the standard deviation √ 2/N2A (NA √ N). Our objective is to characterize those ‘maximally multipartite entangled states’ whose average purity is minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-qualitative-sketch-of-equation-10-at-fixed-na-in-vfh3q6td.png Figure 2. Qualitative sketch of equation (10), at fixed NA, in arbitrary units. The energy density function is distributed around μ with standard deviation σ̄ at β = 0 (inset) and moves toward E0 when β → +∞. From right to left, β changes in constant steps. The probability density rigidly shifts with β, for β N7/2−log2 3. See equation (19) and following discussion. Note that E0 = O(N−1/2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-high-low-and-negative-temperature-limits-w19luzxn.png Table 1. High, low and negative temperature limits. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-properties-of-the-disk-counterparts-of-type-ii-24rzzeczr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observational-data-sets-2kmz7s6j.png Table 1 Observational data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-the-corona-seen-in-three-different-spectral-lines-1h9o3sxz.png Figure 1.6: The corona seen in three different spectral lines (211 Å - 2 million https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-histogram-showing-the-distance-between-the-two-1ohrqii2.png Figure 5. (a) Histogram showing the distance between the two extreme transverse positions during the lifetime of an RBE (solid line) plotted with the integrated or total transverse displacement covered by an RBE during its lifetime (dashed line). (b) Scatter plot showing the relationship between the transverse distance between the two extremes of an RBE and the integrated transverse distance of the same RBE. The solid line marks where the two measurements are equal and the dashed line marks where the integrated displacement is 50% larger than the distance between the two extreme positions. Panel (c) contains a histogram of the maximum transverse velocity during an RBE lifetime (solid line) and the average transverse velocity during the lifetime of an RBE (dashed line), while panel (d) displays the number of changes to the transverse direction in which an RBE is moving. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-examples-of-direct-evidence-of-torsional-motion-in-sspgy4ew.png Figure 8. Examples of direct evidence of torsional motion in the disk counterpart of spicules. Spectral profiles are extracted from Ca II 8542 datasets (data set D in left column, data set A in the right column) in a direction perpendicular to the main axes of a number of RREs and RBEs (the ”slit” drawn as white dashed lines in the Ca II 8542 images in the top panels). Top panels show Ca II 8542 red wing images (left: +440 mÅ, right: +582 mÅ). Corresponding spectrograms (or λ-x diagrams) are shown in the middle panels, with the origin of the y-axis centered on the main RRE/RBE pair. The bottom panels show ±16 km s−1 (left) and ±20 km s−1 (right) Dopplergrams with RREs black and RBEs white. Figure 2 shows more details of the right hand-side event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-temperature-stratification-in-the-val3c-model-of-krrxuob9.png Figure 1.2: Temperature stratification in the VAL3C model of the solar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-examples-of-rbe-detections-a-ha-45-km-s-1-map-used-z9cqcv6l.png Figure 8. Examples of direct evidence of torsional motion in the disk counterpart of spicules. Spectral profiles are extracted from Ca II 8542 datasets (data set D in left column, data set A in the right column) in a direction perpendicular to the main axes of a number of RREs and RBEs (the ”slit” drawn as white dashed lines in the Ca II 8542 images in the top panels). Top panels show Ca II 8542 red wing images (left: +440 mÅ, right: +582 mÅ). Corresponding spectrograms (or λ-x diagrams) are shown in the middle panels, with the origin of the y-axis centered on the main RRE/RBE pair. The bottom panels show ±16 km s−1 (left) and ±20 km s−1 (right) Dopplergrams with RREs black and RBEs white. Figure 2 shows more details of the right hand-side event. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-examples-of-the-rapid-change-from-rre-to-rbe-in-the-3ev67x9f.png Figure 9. Examples of the rapid change from RRE to RBE in the fast Hα dataset C. Left panels: sequential images showing the time evolution of the transition from one form into the other. The right panels show the space-time (x-t) diagrams from a slit drawn along the RRE/RBE axis. The dashed lines serve as reference for a propagation speed for the transition. In the bottom panels, two examples of transitions from RRE to RBE can be seen. Both events are diagonally oriented in the images on the left. The left x-t diagram is associated with the RRE (dark feature) that is visible from the start of the sequence of images. The right x-t diagram is associated with the event slightly below that does not appear as an RRE before t = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-coronal-hole-at-the-south-pole-observed-from-1i8z3wbu.png Figure 3.1: Coronal hole at the South Pole observed from space by Hinode https://scispace.com/papers/status-and-future-directions-of-the-energy-star-program-epn2h1htfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synergistic-relationship-between-energy-star-and-g76f4jvm.png Table 1. Synergistic Relationship Between ENERGY STAR and Other Energy-Efficiency Partnerships and Programs https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-variability-and-reliability-in-nanoscale-finfets-2xa0999wwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-random-interface-traps-in-a-20nm-gate-length-finfet-2xcikh2q.png Fig. 16: Random interface traps in a 20nm gate-length FinFET are shown in (a), and a cross-section view of current density (b) for cases without traps (left), with six traps (middle) and with six traps but simulated without quantum corrections (right). Vg=0.2V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-placement-of-random-traps-contributes-to-overall-2cmkfzl3.png Fig. 19: Placement of random traps contributes to overall variability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-q-q-plot-for-vt-shift-due-to-random-interface-traps-3m8o7u75.png Fig. 17: Q-Q plot for VT shift due to random interface traps in stressed devices without other variability sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-demonstrative-example-of-mgg-the-right-slice-3adnx98b.png Fig. 11: A demonstrative example of MGG. The right slice demonstrates workfunction variation effects on gate potential, and middle slice shows corresponding surface potential variation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-ion-variation-due-to-statistical-variability-sources-3na4rg5f.png Fig. 14: ION variation due to statistical variability sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-gate-length-dependence-of-svt-for-different-3sh55haw.png Fig. 12: The gate-length dependence of σVT for different variability sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-q-q-test-on-vt-distribution-due-to-mgg-with-343satpx.png Fig. 10: The Q-Q test on VT distribution due to MGG with average grain-diameter 10nm. It is seen that the small FinFET has bounded tails. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-svt-dependence-of-vt-variability-respectively-on-ger-2rqivoxo.png Fig. 13: σVT dependence of VT variability respectively on GER root mean square (RMS, Δ) (left), FER RMS (middle). The linear proportionality dependence is observed for small RMS. The σVT dependence of VT variability on MGG average grain diameter (right graph) shows it does not increase with grain size linearly due to the bounded nature of the distribution between the two possible workfunctions. https://scispace.com/papers/statistics-on-modern-private-international-cartels-1990-2005-3mkvyi8ige 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-other-jurisdictions-cartel-fines-1990-2005-3755nix1.png Table 15. Other Jurisdictions’ Cartel Fines, 1990-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-40-biggest-cartels-by-real-2005-1gbqp4vj.png Figure 2. Distribution of the 40 Biggest Cartels by Real 2005 Affected Sales https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-real-2005-affected-sales-by-cartel-3cmjjca8.png Figure 8. Distribution of Real 2005 Affected Sales by Cartel Product Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-canadian-overcharge-rates-1990-2005-continent-market-218w4m0c.png Table 2. Canadian Overcharge Rates, 1990-2005 Continent Market Nominal https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-overcharges-in-other-regions-1990-2005-a-location-ccv5cobt.png Table 9. Overcharges in Other Regions, 1990-2005 a Location Market Million Nominal U.S. Dollars Million Real 2005 U.S. Dollars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-monetary-penalties-real-2005-u-s-dollars-imposed-on-3jnkeyuk.png Figure 9. Monetary Penalties (Real 2005 U.S. Dollars) Imposed on International Cartels (Three-Year Moving Average) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-international-cartel-recidivists-1990-2005-11j8cdu2.png Table 11. International Cartel Recidivists, 1990-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-real-affected-sales-by-industry-group-and-location-3ogw8q88.png Table 21. Real Affected Sales by Industry Group and Location Industry No. US CA EU Other Total https://scispace.com/papers/status-and-trends-in-the-u-s-voluntary-green-power-market-3c2uz2dkqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-green-pricing-program-renewable-energy-sales-9el1xw4t.png Table C-1. Green Pricing Program Renewable Energy Sales, December 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-compliance-and-voluntary-retirements-in-ercot-2007-1877p8u0.png Figure 14. Compliance and voluntary retirements in ERCOT, 2007–2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-utilities-reporting-to-eia-with-most-pv-net-metering-3f5hz6dn.png Table 8. Utilities Reporting to EIA with Most PV Net Metering Customers, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-average-marketing-and-administrative-1t9bmeii.png Figure 8. Estimated average marketing and administrative expenses https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-estimated-u-s-green-pricing-customers-and-programs-3o61vzsf.png Table B-1. Estimated U.S. Green Pricing Customers and Programs by State, 2010 and 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-4-price-premium-charged-for-new-residential-customer-2ufr4d4n.png Table C-4. Price Premium Charged for New, Residential Customer-Driven Renewable Power, December 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-compliance-market-srec-spot-prices-august-2009-3osxw5eo.png Figure 17. Compliance market SREC spot prices, August 2009–August 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-renewable-energy-tracking-systems-in-north-america-2w4a7v8l.png Figure 12. Renewable energy tracking systems in North America https://scispace.com/papers/status-report-on-the-creation-of-a-preliminary-data-model-4p68lki8qq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-table-mcpreparation-a1khv2py.png Table 5. Table mcPreparation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-minchem-table-structure-286srcwt.png Figure 1. MinChem table structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-to-data-dictionary-28m7o96s.png Table 1. Key to data dictionary . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-mcattribute-32rrdc62.png Table 2. Table mcAttribute https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-table-mcsponsor-3017md6n.png Table 7. Table mcSponsor https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-table-mcsample-attribute-1xqoa4ji.png Table 6. Table mcSample_Attribute https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-table-mcname-2k613oqr.png Table 4. Table mcName https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-mcdata-group-1ps6ct2u.png Table 3. Table mcData_Group https://scispace.com/papers/steady-state-resource-allocation-analysis-of-the-stochastic-2i8uekfdvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-normalised-average-number-of-active-agents-in-32caei3o.png Figure 1: The normalised average number of active agents in SDS as a function of the parameter p−. Plot obtained for N = 1000 and pm = 0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-activities-and-standard-deviations-estimated-3id7z7f6.png Table 1: Average activities and standard deviations estimated from the 1500 iterations of SDS. N = 1000, pm = 0.001 and p− changes from 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 to 0.7 respectively (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-activities-and-standard-deviations-of-sds-3p2uc9dl.png Table 2: Average activities and standard deviations of SDS predicted by the model. N = 1000, pm = 0.001 and p− changes from 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 to 0.7 respectively (top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-number-of-active-agent-in-sds-with-1o35z7j9.png Figure 5: Evolution of the number of active agent in SDS with N = 1000 agents and pm = 0.001. The false negative parameter p− is 0.5 (top panel) and 0.7 (lower panel). The straight lines correspond to the average activity predicted by the model surrounded by the ±2 standard deviations band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-standard-deviation-of-the-number-of-active-1xb98lo3.png Figure 4: The standard deviation of the number of active agents as a function of the total number of agents N in SDS and of false negative probability p−, plotted for pm = 0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-rescaled-standard-deviation-of-the-number-of-3ap2jzgl.png Figure 3: The rescaled standard deviation of the number of active agents calculated from the model for N = 1000 agents and pm = 0.001; the scaling factor is α = N −1 2 ≈ 0.0316 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-normalised-mean-number-of-active-agents-as-a-2e52466i.png Figure 2: The normalised mean number of active agents as a function of both the false negative parameter p− and the probability of hit at the best instantiation pm, plotted for N = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-number-of-active-agents-in-sds-c08ni0yn.png Figure 6: Evolution of the number of active agents in SDS with N = 1000 agents and pm = 0.001 (top) The false negative parameter p− is 0.1, (lower) p− = 0.2. The straight lines correspond to the average activity predicted by the model, surrounded by the ±2 standard deviations band. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-energetic-particles-in-the-magnetically-turbulent-1olt6fmg4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-flux-of-10-gev-protons-impinging-onto-a-2vmnk0go.png Figure 12. Flux of 10 GeV protons impinging onto a latitudinal ring of 5° degrees semiaperture centered on the equatorial plane for Rp=Re, corresponding to the bottom row, right panel in Figure 7. Each point represents the total EP flux with an azimuthal binning of 1°. The green overlayed curve is the smoothed average using a 5° boxcar smoothing width. The right-hand side axis uses a very approximate renormalization to the solar EPs flux based on flaring rate estimate (see Section 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-figure-3-for-rp-re-51-ra-0-029-au-11sfer7e.png Figure 4. Same as Figure 3 for Rp=Re=51 Rå=0.029 au. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-figure-3-for-rp-rh-110-ra-0-062-au-2f0p2ik9.png Figure 5. Same as Figure 3 for Rp=Rh=110 Rå=0.062 au. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-trajectories-of-selected-10-gev-1td6j24r.png Figure 3. Three-dimensional trajectories of selected 10 GeV kinetic energy protons injected at Rs=10 Rå (green sphere) and hitting (in blue) the sphere at Rp=Rb=20 Rå=0.011 au (in gray); here σ 2=1.0. We plot in red the trajectory of EPs collapsing back onto the star. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-coordinates-of-the-hitting-points-for-1-gev-kinetic-190fg1q1.png Figure 6. Coordinates of the hitting points for 1 GeV kinetic energy protons, injected at Rs=10 Rå with Lc=10 −5 au, at the spherical surface with radius Rp=Rb (left column) and Rp=Re (right column) and for various values of σ 2 : σ2=0.01 (upper row), σ2=0.1 (middle row), and σ2=1 (lower row). The x (y) axis indicates the azimuthal (polar) coordinates on that sphere. The colorbar measures the number of EPs relative to the maximum in each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-coordinates-of-the-hitting-points-for-10-gev-ig53gazw.png Figure 11. Coordinates of the hitting points for 10 GeV kinetic energy protons, injected at Rs=10Rå on the latitudinal ring within the range θ′=160°–170° at the sphere with Rp=Re and for σ 2=1. The x (y) axis indicates the azimuthal (polar) coordinates on that sphere. The colorbar measures the number of EPs relative to the maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-upper-row-magnitude-of-the-total-wind-speed-field-39v7alxi.png Figure 10. Upper row: magnitude of the total wind speed field U on the Rb (left) and Re (right) spherical surfaces. Lower row: unperturbed magnetic strength B0 on the Rb (left) and Re (right) spherical surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-figure-6-for-10-gev-kinetic-energy-protons-2nlckw21.png Figure 7. Same as Figure 6 for 10 GeV kinetic energy protons. https://scispace.com/papers/stemmed-femoral-knee-prostheses-effects-of-prosthetic-design-2m4x2wepxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-dexa-scans-depicting-the-9-regions-of-1q76chjz.png Figure 2. Simulated DEXA scans, depicting the 9 regions of interest (ROIs) for which the bone mineral density was determined. Both a primary and a revision prosthesis are shown to indicate clearly the location of the 6 ROIs. https://scispace.com/papers/stereo-slant-discrimination-of-planar-3d-surfaces-standard-o8f0xtf7bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-results-of-the-slant-experiment-a-mean-28enqpvo.png Figure 6. The results of the slant experiment. A. Mean thresholds are shown with solid lines and individual thresholds are shown with dotted lines. Ninety-five confidence intervals are shown as shaded regions (see methods for details). B. Mean biases are shown with solid lines and individual’s biases are shown with dotted lines. Ninety-five confidence intervals are shown as shaded regions (see methods for details). The individual subjects have similar shaped threshold curves, but they differ in overall sensitivity. In this plot, the most sensitive and the least sensitive observer’s thresholds were each scaled by a single factor to best match the medium sensitive observer’s thresholds. The biases were scaled by the same factors. The two scale factors are 0.68 and 2.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-slant-and-tilt-a-slant-is-the-angle-22tzksss.png Figure 1. Definition of slant and tilt. A Slant is the angle between the surface normal (black vertical line segment) and the frontoparallel plane. Here the slant is varied while the tilt remains at 90o. B Tilt is the orientation of the vector formed by projection of the surface normal onto the frontoparallel plane. Here the tilt is varied while the slant remains at 45o. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stimuli-and-task-in-the-slant-and-depth-2acmv7l6.png Figure 4. Stimuli and task in the slant and depth discrimination experiments. A. Example binocular stimulus (crossed). The actual stimuli were presented in a stereo rig where orthogonally-polarized left- and right-eye images alternated at 60 Hz, and were viewed through polarization-selective filters. The rectangular reference plane was densely textured, had a central window/hole, and was rendered at a distance of 102 cm. The central test plane was a trapezoid jittered in distance and aspect ratio to reduce the usability of monocular perspective cues. On each trial an independent sample of white noise was added to the window region in the left- and right-eye images. B. As illustrated in a top-down view, the subjects’ task was to judge whether the central test plane was more or less slanted that the reference plane. Subjects had unlimited viewing time and responded by rotating a knob clockwise or counter clockwise. C. Top down view of the depth discrimination experiment. The reference plane was frontoparallel and the subject judged whether the slanted test plane was near or far. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-local-planar-cross-correlation-illustration-of-the-2bfebvu8.png Figure 5. Local planar cross correlation. Illustration of the difference between intercept distance and distance. Local planar cross correlation uses estimates of local slant and distance. Standard cross correlation uses estimates of local distance assuming the local slant is zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-viewing-and-imaging-geometry-used-1gztcl6h.png Figure 2. Schematic of the viewing and imaging geometry used for determining ideal and sub-ideal observer performance. A. The test plane is a planar surface whose distance and slant s are defined with respect to the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-results-of-the-model-fitting-procedure-a-root-mean-32n61tea.png Figure 10. Results of the model fitting procedure. A. Root-mean squared error (RMSE) for the three models as a function of patch width. The arrows indicate the smallest RMSE for the SCC and LPCC models. The parameters were actually estimated by maximizing likelihood (minimizing negative log likelihood). B. Negative log likelihood for the three models as a function of patch width. For the SCC model the RMSE and negative log likelihood are minimal at the same patch width. For the LPCC model the RMSE is minimal at 0.75 but the negative log likelihood is minimal at 0.25. C. Estimated scale factor and estimation-noise standard deviation for the three models. For the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-hypothetical-binocular-receptive-fields-tuned-to-3s84g6az.png Figure 13 Hypothetical binocular receptive fields tuned to surface orientation and distance. A. Examples: right eye receptive field (RE), left eye receptive field (LE) , difference between right and left eye receptive fields. B. Energy of the difference between right and left receptive fields as a function of tilt, for several different slants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-results-of-the-depth-experiment-a-mean-2bu964ko.png Figure 11. The results of the depth experiment. A. Mean thresholds are shown with solid lines and individual thresholds are shown with dotted lines. Ninety-five confidence intervals are shown as shaded regions (see methods for details). B. Mean biases are shown with solid lines and individual’s biases are shown with dotted lines. Ninety-five confidence intervals are shown as shaded regions (see methods for details). https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-flares-from-the-first-tess-data-release-exploring-a-1fnky96pnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-fits-of-candidate-outbursts-of-four-example-a4sg9sgu.png Figure 3.Model fits of candidate outbursts of four example stars. In the main figures, the x-axis shows the time in Barycentric Julian Date (BJD) and the y-axis shows the TESS PDC-SAP flux. Red curves show 20 posterior samples generated by the best model, while orange curves show their corresponding baselines drawn from a Gaussian process with a Matern 3/2 kernel. The curves for the less suitable models are not shown. The inlets show the gain in Bayesian evidence,D Zlog , by adding an additional flare (upper inlay), and the S/N of the additional flare (see Section 3.5). Initially, N flare candidates were detected. Consequently, scenarios from 0 to at most N+2 flares are fitted as long as D >Zlog 5 and S/N>5 for an additional flare. This allows for a quantitative model comparison, confirming the suitable number of flares (see Section 3.5). (a) TIC139804406: two candidate peaks were initially detected and then confirmed using our model fit; introducing a third flare does not lead to any gain in Bayesian evidence. (b) TIC129646813: only one candidate peak was detected, but our model comparison confirmed two flares; adding a third flare is not favored. (c) TIC144217628: the Bayesian evidence rejects the scenario where the smaller peak is a flare; instead, it favors the peak being within the limits of a noise feature. (d) TIC152875048: one candidate peak was detected, but the fit favors the pure noise model and rejects a flare scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-maximum-flare-amplitude-upper-left-mean-flare-1uc3c63g.png Figure 8. The maximum flare amplitude (upper left), mean flare amplitude (upper right), maximum FWHM (lower left), and mean FWHM (lower right) of each star depending on the flare rate per day. The samples are further separated into stars which have photometrically measured rotation periods (blue) and ones that do not (gray). Stars with higher flare rates have a significantly higher maximum flare amplitude and maximum FWHM. There is no significant difference between photometric rotators and other stars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalog-of-all-individual-flares-found-in-tess-13bej36d.png Table 1 Catalog of All Individual Flares Found in TESS Sectors 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-the-number-upper-panel-and-fraction-3r3ky0u5.png Figure 4. Histograms of the number (upper panel) and fraction (lower panel) of flaring stars (blue) compared with the total number of stars (gray) in the TESS short-cadence observations of sectors 1 and 2, shown as a function of the stellar effective temperature Teff. The top axis indicates stellar types following the classification by Pecaut & Mamajek (2013). M dwarfs dominate the sample of flaring stars, while F, G, and K stars rarely have detectable flares. We note that for later M dwarfs, the sample size is smaller (or zero), due to the TESS target selection. Additionally, the flare detection is limited by signal-to-noise constraints (see Section 3.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-figure-4-focused-on-m-dwarfs-with-bins-31xl0w4c.png Figure 5. Variation of Figure 4 focused on M dwarfs, with bins matching the stellar types following the classification by Pecaut & Mamajek (2013). Mid M dwarfs of type M4–M6 constitute both the highest number (upper panel) and highest fraction (lower panel) of flaring stars, with up to 30% of these having flares. Earlier M dwarfs seem to flare less, showing a significantly lower fraction of 5%–10%. Later M dwarfs were not observed in a large-enough sample size. We note that especially for M dwarfs later than M4 the sample size is lower due to the TESS target selection (favoring bright stars), and the flare detection is limited by signal-to-noise constraints (see Section 3.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tess-explores-bright-early-to-late-m-dwarfs-26bpycg3.png Figure 6. TESS explores bright early to late M dwarfs, expanding the sample size for flare studies in this parameter space. Shown are the effective temperature Teff vs. TESS magnitude of flaring stars in the TESS sample (blue) and the Kepler flare catalog (gray; Davenport 2016). The top axis indicates stellar types following the classification by Pecaut & Mamajek (2013). The first two sectors already include 531 early M dwarfs and 142 late M dwarfs. Out of these, 189 and 6 are brighter than 12th TESS magnitude. In addition, TESS detects small flares on F, G, and K dwarfs that are brighter than the average Kepler targets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-flare-frequency-distributions-ffd-in-the-context-h0o1ytfa.png Figure 11. Flare frequency distributions (FFD) in the context of prebiotic chemistry (green area) and ozone sterilization (red areas). The x-axis shows the flare energy, as bolometric energy Eflare;bol. on the lower ticks, and U-band energy Eflare;U on the upper ticks. The y-axis shows the cumulative rate of flares per day, i.e., how often a flare with at least a certain energy appears. Different panels show F, G, and K stars (orange); early M dwarfs (red); and late M dwarfs (black), separated into photometric rotators (filled circle) and others (unfilled circle). Solid lines are linear fits to the double-logarithmic FFD of each star, extrapolating into regimes that could not be observed. The green area denotes the minimum flare rate and energy required to trigger prebiotic chemistry on a potential exoplanet (expanded from Rimmer et al. 2018; see Section 5.1). The different green shadings show each threshold for each star, which depends on the stellar radius and effective temperature (Equation (10)). In the red shaded region derived from Tilley et al. (2019), intense flares are frequent enough that ozone layers cannot survive and planet surfaces may be sterile (see Section 5.5). We mark two ozone sterilization regions: a permissive threshold for flare rates 0.1 per day (lighter red area), and a conservative threshold for flare rates 0.4 per day (darker red area). Fourteen stars, including nine early M dwarfs and two late M dwarfs, in the TESS sample fulfill the criteria of prebiotic chemistry. On the other hand, potential exoplanets around 100 stars, including only 15 M dwarfs, might suffer from ozone depletion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-catalog-of-all-flaring-stars-found-in-tess-sectors-1-63vlamsw.png Table 2 Catalog of All Flaring Stars Found in TESS Sectors 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/papers/stereo-video-coding-based-on-interpolated-motion-and-2maaoztp6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bit-rate-vs-frame-number-3dg82zjd.png Figure 8. Bit-Rate vs Frame Number https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inter-band-spatial-dependency-in-wavelet-3b8wuppi.png Figure 4. Inter-band spatial dependency in wavelet decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-imde-method-of-stereo-coding-118zkcl2.png Figure 3. IMDE method of stereo coding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-b-frame-residuals-for-crowd-sequence-motion-3vjfe7yi.png Figure 6. B-frame residuals for “crowd” sequence motion-disparity: (a) 50-50% (b) 80-20% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-psnr-vs-frame-number-1jta2hpu.png Figure 7. PSNR vs Frame Number https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compatible-method-of-stereo-coding-2xe5hppz.png Figure 2. Compatible method of stereo coding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-methods-of-stereoscopic-video-coding-21kig1ot.png Figure 1. Typical methods of stereoscopic video coding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interpolative-scheme-for-stereoscopic-video-coding-2ix2licv.png Figure 5. Interpolative scheme for stereoscopic video coding https://scispace.com/papers/stereodifferentiation-in-the-formation-and-decay-of-the-45vsw149pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-parameters-for-the-quenching-of-photoexcited-o1stcdj5.png Table 1 Kinetic parameters for the quenching of photoexcited (R)-1 and (S)-1 by (R)-2 or (R)-3 in acetonitrile and dichloromethanea https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-double-reciprocal-evaluation-according-to-eqn-5-for-3b5eyi06.png Fig. 2 Double reciprocal evaluation according to eqn. 5 for the quenching of (R)-1 triplet excited state by (R)-2 in dichloromethane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-saturation-behavior-of-the-observed-rate-constant-kobs-1a4upp89.png Fig. 1 Saturation behavior of the observed rate constant (kobs) for the quenching of (S)-1 (#) and (R)-1 (&) triplet excited state by (R)-2 in dichloromethane. https://scispace.com/papers/stereospecific-reaction-of-molecular-halogens-with-4cqfkrfmws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-crystal-data-and-details-of-the-structure-crzxb3rd.png Table 4. Crystal Data and Details of the Structure Determination for 4cw and 11bz https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-some-optimized-bond-distances-in-a-and-dft-b3lyp-2q3d0f1i.png Table 3. Some Optimized Bond Distances (in Å) and DFT-B3LYP/LANL2DZ Computed Atom Charges for Various (Bis-imino)palladacyclopentadienes https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relative-energies-e-enthalpies-h-and-free-energies-g-3jpsnxgd.png Table 6. Relative Energies (∆E), Enthalpies (∆H), and Free Energies (∆G) for the Reactants, Intermediates, Transition State, and Productsa,b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimized-structures-at-the-dft-b3lyp-bs-i-level-of-365sh4t3.png Figure 2. Optimized structures (at the DFT-B3LYP/BS I level) of the systems A-E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-presentation-50-probability-displacement-1v6tbvxs.png Figure 1. ORTEP presentation (50% probability displacement ellipsoids) of 4cw. Hydrogen atoms and CH2Cl2 solvent are omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-bond-lengths-a-bond-angles-deg-and-torsion-23k6f6h7.png Table 5. Selected Bond Lengths (Å), Bond Angles (deg), and Torsion Angles (deg) of 4cw (Esd’s in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-nmr-data-of-compounds-4au-4cw-7u-7w-and-10bz-2z2xyz9e.png Table 1. 1H NMR Data of Compounds 4au-4cw, 7u-7w, and 10bz-11cza https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-selected-bond-lengths-a-bond-angles-deg-and-torsion-dmw51ehm.png Table 7. Selected Bond Lengths (Å), Bond Angles (deg), and Torsion Angles (deg) of 11bz (Esd’s in https://scispace.com/papers/stick-slip-motion-of-moving-contact-line-on-chemically-489yvicoae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-md-simulation-sample-for-the-immiscible-poiseuille-2f4w891n.png Figure 3: MD simulation sample for the immiscible Poiseuille flows. The colored symbols indicate the instantaneous molecular positions projected onto the xz plane. Here the fluid A is blue, the fluid B is red, the solid a is red, the solid b is green, and the solid c is yellow. The fluid B appears to be sandwiched by the fluid A due to the periodic boundary condition along the x direction. While there are two fluid-fluid interfaces, we collect the data for the one with the fluid B right to the fluid A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-for-the-chemically-patterned-2s8qy7he.png Figure 2: Schematic illustration for the chemically patterned surface with alternating A-like and B-like stripes. Each stripe is characterized by a contact angle and two slip lengths. The A-like and B-like stripes are of widths λa and λb and the patterning period is λ=λa+λb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-contact-line-velocity-at-the-lower-patterned-2yugbgth.png Figure 8: (a) Contact line velocity at the lower patterned surface, plotted as a function of the contact line position, with symbols for MD results and line for continuum results. The parameters used for interaction potentials are δAa = δBb =0.7, δAb = δBa =0.3, and δAc = δBc =0.5. The external force on each fluid molecule is mg= 0.012ǫ/σ. The distance between the bottom and top walls is H = 30.8σ. The pattern period is λ= 24σ with λa =λb. (b) Same as for (a) except that the pattern period is λ= 16σ. (c) Same as for (a) except that the pattern period is λ=8σ. (d) Moving fluid-fluid interface from the MD simulation for (c). The time interval between two neighboring interfaces is 4τ. (e) Moving fluid-fluid interface from the continuum calculation for (c). The time interval between two neighboring interfaces is 3.6τ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contact-line-velocity-at-the-lower-patterned-1y6vdy7q.png Figure 7: Contact line velocity at the lower patterned surface, plotted as a function of the contact line position, with symbols for MD results and lines for continuum results. The parameters used for interaction potentials are δAa = δBb = δAc = δBc =0.7 and δAb = δBa =0.2. The external force on each fluid molecule is mg=0.015ǫ/σ (diamond, cyan), 0.01ǫ/σ (triangle, magenta), and 0.005ǫ/σ (circle, blue). The distance between the bottom and top walls is H =17σ. The pattern period is λ=60σ with λa =λb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-fluid-fluid-interface-is-located-by-the-3g2eo7tg.png Figure 4: The fluid-fluid interface is located by the condition ρ1 =ρ2, i.e., φ=0. By fitting the static interface (squares) using a circular arc (solid line, with a 90o contact angle at the top surface), the static contact angle at the A-like or B-like stripe can be determined. Shown here is the fluid-fluid interface between the solid surfaces b (bottom) and c (top), from which the static contact angle θbs = 57 o is determined. Parameters used are δAa = δBb = δAc = δBc =0.7 and δAb = δBa =0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-contact-line-velocity-plotted-as-a-function-of-30en3z6m.png Figure 10: Contact line velocity plotted as a function of contact line position, obtained using the dimensionless parameters Ld =5, R=0.03, B=5, Vs =5, and θbs =65o with LasA/LbsA =0.38 fixed. The channel has H =40 and λ=100 with λa =λb (A-like stripe on the right and B-like stripe on the left, separated by x=50). The four lines are for four different slip lengths: LasA =2 (dotted), 4 (dashed), 6 (dot-dashed), and 8 (solid). It is seen that 1/Trel (absolute value of the slope in the linear regime) increases with increasing slip length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-contact-line-velocity-plotted-as-a-function-of-2byti190.png Figure 9: (a) Contact line velocity plotted as a function of contact line position, obtained using the dimensionless parameters Ld=5, R=0.03, B=5, Vs=5, LasA= lasA/ξ=3.8, and LbsA= lbsA/ξ=10. The channel has H=40 and λ=100 with λa=λb (A-like stripe on the right and B-like stripe on the left, separated by x=50). The three lines are for three different static contact angles: θbs =65 o (dotted), 60o (dashed), and 54o (solid). In approaching the final equilibrium contact line position x0, the contact line velocity vCL is proportional to the distance xCL−x0. The inverse of relaxation time is measured from the slope in this linear regime. (b) 1/Trel plotted as a function of B, with all the other parameters fixed (for θbs =65o). The dotted line indicates 1/Trel ∝B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-moving-fluid-fluid-interface-in-md-simulation-the-ewp8to5e.png Figure 5: (a) Moving fluid-fluid interface in MD simulation. The time interval between two neighboring interfaces is 8τ. (b) Moving fluid-fluid interface in continuum calculation. The time interval between two neighboring interfaces is 7τ. (c) Contact line velocity at the lower patterned surface, plotted as a function of the contact line position, with symbols for MD results and line for continuum results. The parameters used for interaction potentials are δAa = δBb = δAc = δBc = 0.7 and δAb = δBa = 0.2. The external force on each fluid molecule is mg=0.015ǫ/σ. The distance between the bottom and top walls is H=17σ. The pattern period is λ=80σ with λa =λb. https://scispace.com/papers/stigma-related-stress-and-its-correlates-among-men-with-1rejmg2zob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-items-and-descriptive-overview-m-sd-percentage-of-1iqdgrqv.png Table 2. Items and descriptive overview (M, SD, percentage of item agreement, Cronbach’s α) of newly developed questionnaires https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reliability-and-outcome-levels-as-compared-to-other-1somzj4x.png Table 3. Reliability and outcome levels as compared to other reference samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predictors-of-cognition-social-functioning-and-cu7bri1h.png Table 6. Predictors of cognition, social functioning, and therapy motivation: Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-intercorrelations-two-tailed-n-104-p99gerlg.png Table 4. Overview of intercorrelations (two-tailed, N = 104) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-framework-for-the-effects-of-stigma-8xyxluvp.png Figure 1 Overview of the framework for the effects of stigma-related stress among people with pedophilia Note. Arrows represent hypothetic causal associations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-predictors-of-emotional-functioning-results-of-kd8yfd0v.png Table 5. Predictors of emotional functioning: Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-axis-i-disorders-and-related-mental-1x2qe6r9.png Table 1. Prevalence of Axis-I disorders and related mental health factors among people with pedophilia (study overview) https://scispace.com/papers/stiffness-modeling-of-robotic-manipulators-under-auxiliary-1muzo7e2af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kinematic-chains-with-compliant-actuator-between-2b5zpfja.png Figure 2 Kinematic chains with compliant actuator between two rigid links (a) and compliant actuator between two compliant links (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functions-and-matrices-used-in-numerical-stiffness-1njxbjvn.png Table 1 Functions and matrices used in numerical stiffness analysis of two-link manipulator with auxiliary loading (case of rigid links and compliant intermediate joint) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-force-deflections-relations-for-different-values-of-cpatyhuq.png Figure 3 Force-deflections relations for different values of auxiliary loading G : chain with torsional spring https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-structure-of-kinematic-chain-with-auxiliary-1pa0skg3.png Figure 1 General structure of kinematic chain with auxiliary loading and its VJM model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-functions-and-matrices-used-in-numerical-stiffness-2he5fg2p.png Table 2 Functions and matrices used in numerical stiffness analysis of two-link manipulator with auxiliary loading (case of rigid links and compliant intermediate joint) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-force-deflections-relations-for-different-values-of-kta36d55.png Figure 4 Force-deflections relations for different values of auxiliary loading G : chain with torsional and translational https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-5-configuration-of-kinematic-chain-with-inass04z.png Figure 1 General structure of kinematic chain with auxiliary loading and its VJM model https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-lotka-volterra-equations-a-model-of-lagged-4ud6zb1nq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-structure-of-the-technology-path-for-3rnap65j.png Figure 4: Correlation structure of the technology path for different values of κ which controls the standard deviation of the stochastic process. Left column: Cross-correlation between the leader and the follower. Middle column: autocorrelation for the leader. Right column: same for the follower. In three rows, we show three cases, viz. κ = −1,−10,−100. The basic cross-correlation and the autocorrelation pattern remains qualitatively similar for technology processes with different standard deviation. The cross-correlation patterns clearly shows the lagging effect of spill-overs of booms and busts from the leader to the follower. The autocorrelation pattern shows alternating signs at different lags as in detrended per capita output series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-a-canonical-lv-model-the-upper-left-2wyja6ip.png Figure 1: Evolution of a canonical LV model. The upper-left panel shows technology evolution in both countries. The lower-right panel shows the locus of the solution. On the right column three insets show the same trajectory under a functional transformation following Eqn. 7 with three different values of the tuning parameter, κ = −10, -20 and -100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-autocorrelation-structure-of-the-business-cycle-x6es27jc.png Figure 3: Autocorrelation structure of the business cycle component of per-capita output in a sample of countries. It is noteworthy that all of the countries have non-linear dependence on their past values, developed and emerging countries alike. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-properties-of-the-model-upper-left-2sxjkabw.png Figure 2: Time series properties of the model. Upper-Left panel: scatter-plot of output deviations of the leader and the follower. Upper-right panel: scatter-plot of consumption deviations of the leader and the follower. Due to consumption smoothing over time, this graph shows more dispersion than the corresponding graph for output. Lower-left panel: autocorrelation structure of output. Lower-right panel: same for consumption. Again, the longer persistence is due to the consumption smoothing motive. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-lag-time-in-nucleated-linear-self-assembly-1zik5efrme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-probability-distribution-of-the-nucleation-time-1fii6mks.png FIG. 4. The probability distribution of the nucleation time for system sizes of V = 0.30, 1.00, 1.67, 5.00, 8.33, and 30 pl, obtained by performing 500 computer experiments under the same set of parameters. The data shown for a combined molecular pathway with primary nucleation (nc = 2), end evaporation and addition, and scission and recombination. See also Table II for the values of the kinetic parameters. The total monomer concentration and the critical concentration is 10 µM and 1 µM, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-nucleation-time-as-a-function-of-the-system-21awv2hp.png FIG. 5. Mean nucleation time as a function of the system volume for various combinations of pathways. (a) Primary nucleation (with nucleus size nc = 1) + end evaporation and addition (orange circle), primary nucleation (nc = 1) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination (red triangle), and primary nucleation (nc = 1) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination with Hill rate constants (green square). (b) Same as (a), except primary nucleation with nc = 2. (c) Primary nucleation (nc = 2) + secondary nucleation (nc = 2) + end evaporation and addition (orange circle) and primary nucleation (nc = 2) + secondary nucleation (nc = 2) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination (red triangle). (d) Nucleation-conversion (two-stage nucleation) with (nc = 2) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination. All simulations are performed for total monomer concentration of 10 µM, where the critical polymerization concentration is 1 µM. Refer to Table II for the system parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-aggregation-pathways-studied-and-their-3e0nsjgn.png TABLE III. The aggregation pathways studied and their respective δ, i.e., deviation from linearity of the lag time dependence on the system volume, τlag−τ∞lag∝ 1/V 1+δ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-results-obtained-from-our-kinetic-monte-25bvuh5r.png FIG. 6. Comparison of results obtained from our kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for a system volume of V = 500 pl, with numerical solutions of the deterministic moment equations (B10) and (B11), valid in the infinite volume limit. Parameter settings as in Fig. 1. Left: the polymerized mass fraction, M (t)/(M (t)+ x(t)), as a function of time. Right: The active degree of polymerization, M (t)/P(t), as a function of time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-stochastic-trajectories-obtained-from-2dztpo8s.png FIG. 1. Representative stochastic trajectories obtained from 20 different computer experiments performed for the set of parameters given in Table II, for system size (a) V = 0.67 pl and (b) V = 30 pl, with total monomer concentration of 10 µM and a critical concentration of 1 µM. Polymerization curves are shown for a combined molecular pathway with primary nucleation (with nucleus size nc = 2), end evaporation and addition, and scission and recombination. The initial condition for the simulations is yi = 0 for all nc ≤ i ≤∞, i.e., only monomers are present at time t = 0. The polymerization curves saturate at the polymerized mass fraction of 0.9 which is in agreement with the law of mass action. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-probability-distributions-of-the-lag-time-for-2pxumi1d.png FIG. 2. The probability distributions of the lag time for systems of volume V = 0.30, 1.00, 1.67, 5.00, 8.33, and 30 pl, obtained by performing 500 runs for parameter values given in Table II. The data shown are for a combined molecular pathway with primary nucleation (nc = 2), end evaporation and addition, and scission and recombination. The simulations are performed under the total monomer concentration of 10 µM, where the critical concentration for polymerization is 1 µM. Although we only show the lag time distribution for one specific pathway, all the other combinations of aggregation pathways listed in Table II also show similar qualitative gradual shift from exponential to Gaussian with an increasing volume. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-possible-molecular-aggregation-steps-by-which-a-1rsuoilu.png TABLE I. Possible molecular aggregation steps by which a polymer length distribution can change, considered in this work. Assuming the present state to be (x, ync, . . ., yi, . . .), where x is the number of monomers and yi the number of polymers of length nc ≤ i ≤∞, the states following the corresponding reactions are indicated. Notice that for secondary nucleation we do not have a backward reaction. This is because ysec is a polymer of size greater than the stable nucleus of size nc, that then can disintegrate via monomer removal or scission. Also note that for two-stage nucleation we also have to track the evolution of unstable aggregate xnc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-lag-time-as-a-function-of-the-reciprocal-system-1ii4avad.png FIG. 3. Mean lag time as a function of the reciprocal system volume for various combinations of pathways. (a) Primary nucleation (with nucleus size nc = 1) + end evaporation and addition (orange circle), primary nucleation (nc = 1) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination (red triangle), and primary nucleation (nc = 1) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination with Hill rate constants (green square). (b) Same as (a), except primary nucleation with nc = 2. (c) Primary nucleation (nc = 2) + secondary nucleation (nc = 2) + end evaporation and addition (orange circle) and primary nucleation (nc = 2) + secondary nucleation (nc = 2) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination (red triangle). (d) Nucleation-conversion (two-stage nucleation) with (nc = 2) + end evaporation and addition + scission and recombination. All simulations are performed for a total monomer concentration of 10 µM, where the critical polymerization concentration is 1 µM. Refer to Table II for the system parameters. The error bars indicate the variance of the lag time distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-modeling-and-identification-of-an-uncertain-2v8syzryj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-graph-of-function-b-l-b-doptm-doptk-p00jxj1z.png Fig. 10 Graph of function β → L(β, (δoptM , δoptK )). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frf-computed-with-the-reduced-order-nominal-i553d1g7.png Fig. 3 FRF computed with the reduced-order nominal computational model (thick solid line). Experimental FRF: Confidence region (upper and lower thin solid lines) and mean response (thin dashed line). Observation point P2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frf-computed-with-the-reduced-order-nominal-1fhuu899.png Fig. 2 FRF computed with the reduced-order nominal computational model (thick solid line). Experimental FRF: Confidence region (upper and lower thin solid lines) and mean response (thin dashed line). Observation point P1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-domain-oexp-of-the-real-system-coordinate-system-and-28ghe01y.png Fig. 1 Domain Ωexp of the real system, coordinate system and finite element mesh of the real system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-random-frf-computed-with-the-stochastic-reduced-order-3tjy1ix6.png Fig. 8 Random FRF computed with the stochastic reduced-order computational model only with systemparameters uncertainties: Confidence region (upper and lower thick lines). Experimental FRF: Confidence region (upper and lower thin lines). Observation point P3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-random-frf-computed-with-the-stochastic-reduced-order-2d74mpwa.png Fig. 9 Random FRF computed with the stochastic reduced-order computational model only with systemparameters uncertainties: Confidence region (upper and lower thick lines). Experimental FRF: Confidence region (upper and lower thin lines). Observation point P4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-random-frf-calculated-with-the-optimal-stochastic-16xcvym8.png Fig. 15 Random FRF calculated with the optimal stochastic reduced-order computational model: Confidence region (upper and lower thick lines). Experimental FRF: Confidence region (upper and lower thin lines). Observation point P4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-random-frf-computed-with-the-stochastic-reduced-order-3n082igh.png Fig. 6 Random FRF computed with the stochastic reduced-order computational model only with systemparameters uncertainties: Confidence region (upper and lower thick lines). Experimental FRF: Confidence region (upper and lower thin lines). Observation point P1. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-multi-objective-optimization-for-aggressive-3r5074xyrc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-robot-2nu2tsec.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-desired-and-actual-trajectory-for-the-selected-2pi52x05.png Fig. 4. The desired and actual trajectory for the selected solution. Black circles denote robot position every 250 ms; the straight lines show the direction of the robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-a-pareto-front-for-different-angles-the-2l3hxnhz.png Fig. 5. Examples of a Pareto front for different angles. The circles denote the selected solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-a-pareto-front-for-90-degrees-turn-the-74ndn9n6.png Fig. 3. Example of a Pareto front for 90 degrees turn. The circle denotes the selected solution on the front. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-parametrization-used-for-the-xyqegvit.png Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of parametrization used for the steering angle control input. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-model-2xic5ptl.png Table 1. Parameters of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-control-parameters-in-solutions-selected-for-different-19yiby3d.png Fig. 6. Control parameters in solutions selected for different angles of the turn: A velocity of the front left wheel, B velocity of the rear left wheel, C steering angle of the front left wheel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-characteristics-of-robot-maneuver-in-solutions-2oza7sm8.png Fig. 7. Characteristics of robot maneuver in solutions selected for different angles of the turn: A linear velocity, B angular velocity, C slippage angle. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-simulation-platform-for-visualization-and-580ipbo1ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-estimation-process-and-performance-a-1rcfclaf.png Fig 2. Parameter estimation process and performance. A: Parallelized calculation of the search objective 140 function for a set of trial parameters (ΔMean: mean squared error, ΔCDF: Wasserstein distance, Objective: 141 error function value). B: Convergence of the genetic algorithm (red: ground truth target, gray: population 142 of parameter estimates). C: Final trial parameter population from B (red: ground truth target, histogram: 143 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-and-simulation-platform-a-model-schematic-and-se2wad9w.png Fig 1. Model and simulation platform. A: Model schematic and probe parameterization (gold: probe 94 coverage, 𝑃3: 3’-most edge of the probe, 𝑃5: 5′-most edge of the probe) B: Time-dependent molecule-level 95 visualizations available through the GUI. Trajectory generated using 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑖 = 100 min -1, 𝑘𝑜𝑛 = 3 min https://scispace.com/papers/stock-selection-style-rotation-and-risk-3x19ijlesx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatter-diagrams-of-cross-sectionally-estimated-coe-18m6b43y.png Figure 2: Scatter diagrams of cross-sectionally estimated coe cients https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-annual-risk-analysis-the-ff-risk-model-un31s3e0.png Table 13: Annual Risk Analysis: the FF Risk Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-investment-results-from-annual-return-factor-models-1rzqutlt.png Table 5: Investment Results from Annual Return Factor Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-investment-results-from-semi-annual-return-factor-1xn5rz0k.png Table 4: Investment Results from Semi-Annual Return Factor Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-annual-risk-analysis-market-risk-model-218dvidf.png Table 9: Annual Risk Analysis: Market Risk Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-semi-annual-risk-analysis-market-risk-model-29exfpko.png Table 8: Semi-Annual Risk Analysis: Market Risk Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-monthly-risk-analysis-the-ff-risk-model-1ucpzzq7.png Table 10: Monthly Risk Analysis: the FF Risk Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-investment-results-from-quarterly-return-factor-2ued6j6b.png Table 3: Investment Results from Quarterly Return Factor Models https://scispace.com/papers/strain-dependence-electrical-resistance-and-cohesive-44kbvzf68u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-crack-pattern-of-an-ito-coated-pvdf-substrate-showing-11shwuj0.png Fig. 3 – Crack pattern of an ITO coated PVDF substrate showing the presence of surface defects, where the first cracks are initiated. The arrows indicate the elongation direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-crack-patterns-of-ito-coated-pvdf-substrate-for-2necs80b.png Fig. 4 – Crack patterns of ITO coated PVDF substrate for increasing nominal strains. The arrows indicate the elongation direction and the strain values are indicated in the optical micrograph: a) PVDF (110 µm)/ITO (0.020 Pa); b) PVDF (28 µm)/ITO (0.011 Pa). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crack-density-and-change-in-resistance-r-r-as-a-2eraddsl.png Fig. 5 – Crack density and change in resistance (∆R/R) as a function of the substrate nominal strain for different ITO coatings deposited on: a) PVDF 110 µm; b) PVDF 28 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-crack-onset-strain-cos-crack-density-at-saturation-d3vtmykz.png Table I – Crack onset strain (COS), crack density at saturation (CDS), shape parameters of the Weibull distribution (α and β) of PVDF/ITO coatings, critical length (ℓc) and cohesive strength (σmax(ℓc)) of the ITO coatings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-pattern-for-ito-thin-films-prepared-under-2g984hst.png Fig. 1 – XRD pattern for ITO thin films prepared under different oxygen partial pressures, which are indicated in the graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-resistivity-carrier-concentration-x-bmipo5sw.png Fig. 2 – Evolution of the resistivity (■), carrier concentration (×) and Hall mobility (○) of ITO coated glass as a function of the oxygen partial pressure during deposition, at a working pressure of 0.04 Pa. https://scispace.com/papers/strain-relaxation-studies-of-the-fe3o4-mgo-100-1fynx6bfxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-rocking-curves-taken-around-the-200-bragg-reflection-eclkdu81.png Fig. 1: (a) Rocking curves taken around the (200) Bragg reflection of MgO which is common to the (400) reflection of Fe3O4 film and (b) rocking curves taken around the (311) Bragg reflection of MgO which is common to the (622) reflection of Fe3O4 film in grazing exit geometry. The bottom most curve belongs to the 85 nm thick film and the curves above correspond to 200 nm, 400 nm and 600 nm thick films, in ascending order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetisation-curve-for-600-nm-thick-film-in-the-field-11wkyrv0.png Fig. 4. Magnetisation curve for 600 nm thick film in the field range from – 1 T to + 1 T, measured at 300 K. The inset shows the exploded view in the high-field region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-room-temperature-magnetisation-measured-at-1-t-field-3rvg5yvi.png Fig. 5. Room temperature magnetisation measured at 1 T field, M1T,300 K (emu/cc) as a function of film thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-shift-of-the-films-as-a-variation-of-film-nqvewty9.png Fig. 3. Raman shift of the films as a variation of film thickness for (a) A1g and (b) T2g 2 modes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-the-verwey-transition-temperature-tv-with-q6olic1j.png Fig. 2. Variation of the Verwey transition temperature, TV, with film thickness. https://scispace.com/papers/strain-driven-alignment-of-in-nanocrystals-on-ingaas-quantum-47kiojnyzm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-dependent-pl-spectra-of-the-a7y0s88u.png FIG. 2. Color online Temperature dependent PL spectra of the InGaAs QD arrays capped with 3 nm GaAs and 4 ML In nanocrystals grown at 120 °C on top in logarithmic scale. The lines are guides for the eyes. The spectrum marked as ref is a reference room temperature measurement of a structure without In on top. Upper inset: 120 K PL spectrum in linear scale. Lower inset: DR spectrum of the In nanocrystals taken at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-afm-images-of-the-in-nanocrystals-with-2vphttdb.png FIG. 1. Color online AFM images of the In nanocrystals with different In amount, growth temperature, and GaAs cap layer thickness on the InGaAs QD arrays: a 4 ML In, 100 °C, no GaAs cap; b 12 ML, 100 °C, no GaAs cap; c 4 ML, 120 °C, no GaAs cap; d 4 ML, 120 °C, 1-nm GaAs cap; e 4 ML, 120 °C, 3-nm GaAs cap; and f 12 ML, 120 °C, no GaAs cap. The AFM scan fields are 4 4 m2. https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-capacity-withholding-through-failures-in-the-3br5s2f1xb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-merit-order-in-the-german-austrian-electricity-32w8an1o.png Figure 1: Merit Order in the German-Austrian Electricity Market in 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-non-strategic-failures-announced-failures-with-lead-wtsrwm85.png Table 2: Non-strategic Failures (Announced failures with lead-time <7 days and failure duration>1 day; as initially reported) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-strategic-failures-unannounced-failures-with-lead-1jvrfdna.png Table 3: Strategic Failures (Unannounced failures with lead time< 1 day; as actually observed) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-dpe62yoa.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-semi-parametric-estimates-of-the-impact-of-price-on-2qf5j1wr.png Table 4: Semi-parametric Estimates of the Impact of Price on Failures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-parametric-fit-from-semiparametric-control-1zm4anus.png Figure 2: Non-parametric Fit from Semiparametric Control Function Regression https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-scheduling-in-smart-grids-b2t7wuyrwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-transformers-24rvjhgd.png TABLE I. SYSTEM TRANSFORMERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decisions-made-for-each-scenario-in-each-period-835w1zew.png Fig. 1. Decisions made for each scenario in each period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-load-factor-and-system-operation-costs-1aaraae7.png Fig. 5. Load factor and system operation costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-upstream-thevenin-voltages-and-oltc-tap-positions-9m8d0jgh.png Fig. 6. Upstream Thevenin voltages and OLTC tap positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-other-controllable-devices-2i56cjrc.png TABLE II. OTHER CONTROLLABLE DEVICES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-voltage-profiles-20-hours-with-full-control-capacity-3366ajqw.png Fig. 4. Voltage profiles (20 hours) with full control capacity (Case 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-voltage-profiles-20-hours-for-limited-control-capacity-2ij5gsrj.png Fig. 3. Voltage profiles (20 hours) for limited control capacity (Case 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transformer-pi-model-under-oltc-controller-bsirmwyr.png Fig. 1. Decisions made for each scenario in each period. https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-silence-insider-selling-and-litigation-risk-hale1wkrru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-n-does-disclosure-deter-litigation-replication-of-3arf872k.png Table 7 n Does disclosure deter litigation? (Replication of Field, Lowry and Shu 2005) This table replicates the main results of Field, Lowry and Shu (2005). Specification [1] confirms the presence of a preemption effect in our sample: firms with higher litigation risk are more likely to warn of bad news early. Specification [2] confirms that, absent efforts to address the endogeneity between warning and litigation risk, warning appears to increase firms’ litigation risk. Specifications [3], [4], [5], and [6] use a simultaneous-equations framework to develop a predicted value of WARN in order to confirm the presence of a deterrence effect in our sample: the WARN instrument is associated with reduced likelihood of litigation after controlling for the positive relation between litigation risk and the likelihood of early warning. Specifications [5] and [6] limit analysis to nondismissed lawsuits (and their associated control firms). Results are robust to the inclusion of FPS (an indicator variable coded based on the high-litigation industries identified by Francis et al. (1994) and used by Kim and Skinner (2012)) instead of technology, regulated and retail, as well as the inclusion of an indicator for the fourth quarter and sales growth. •••,••,• denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively, for two-tailed tests. Intercept included but not reported. Refer to Appendix B for variable definitions and sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-n-does-insider-selling-affect-the-likelihood-of-3oi9h7t6.png Table 4 n Does insider selling affect the likelihood of issuing guidance this quarter? (continued) Panel C: Likelihood of bundling when there is increased expectation of warning Panel C tests the likelihood that an earnings announcement is bundled with a news forecast for the subset of 11,716 firm-quarter observations where managers with committed guiding histories face impending negative news and increased expectation of warning (i.e., COMMITTED_GUIDER=1, IMPEND_BAD=1, BUNDLE_PRIOR=1, and BUNDLE_SQLY=1). Specifications [1] and [2] predict the issuance of a negative forecast; Specifications [3] and [4] predict the issuance of a positive forecast. In specfications [1] and [2], we expect that the likelihood of warning increases with litigation risk and decreases with the presence of insider selling, particularly in the windows of trade (i.e., GREEN) where managers face reduced risk of penalties. In specifications [3] and [4], we expect that the likelihood of a positive news disclosure decreases with litigation risk and increases with the presence of insider selling, particularly in the windows of trade (i.e., GREEN) where managers face reduced risk of penalties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-n-insider-selling-and-the-decision-to-warn-or-to-3ojvgksx.png Figure 1 n Insider selling and the decision to warn or to remain silent in the face of impending earnings disappointment https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-n-does-disclosure-deter-litigation-when-managers-e3bdrq6l.png Table 8 n Does disclosure deter litigation when managers’ trading behavior is considered? Panel A: Silence combined with trading and litigation risk In Panel A, we present the results of the second-stage litigation risk regression (dependent variable: SUED = 1), following Field, Lowry and Shu (2005) (as shown in specifications [4] and [6] of Table 7). We obtain a predicted value for silence (i.e., WARN = 0) by reversing the predicted value of WARN in the regressions. The inclusion of silence tests for evidence of a deterrence effect (i.e., failure to warn associated with increased litigation risk). The interaction of sales with silence tests for evidence that the combined behavior of selling and silence is associated with increased litigation risk. Specification [1] presents the results without trading variables. Specification [2] measures sales using the length of the class period as the trading window. Specification [3] uses CEO and CFO trades only. Specification [4] classifies trades as routine (“SALES_ROU”) or opportunistic (“SALES_OPP”) based on the trade-level classification scheme in Cohen, Malloy and Pomorski (2012). Specification [5] measures trading as the difference in shares traded during the class period and the equivalent length of time immediately prior to the beginning of the class period, scaled by shares outstanding, consistent with Johnson et al. (2007). The inclusion of good in Specification [6] tests for increased litigation risk associated with supplying a good news forecast at any point during the class period prior to either the delivery of a bad news warning or the end of the class period; the interaction of good with silence tests for increased litigation risk associated with the delivery of a good news forecast in combination with the failure to warn during the class period. The additional control variables from Table 7 are included but not tabulated. •••, ••, • denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively, for twotailed tests. Refer to Appendix B for variable definitions and sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-n-does-opportunistic-selling-affect-the-likelihood-1o8mwary.png Table 5 n Does opportunistic selling affect the likelihood of issuing guidance this quarter? The sample consists of 107,307 firm-quarter observations from 2001 through 2010. We classify trades as routine (“SALES_ROU”) or opportunistic (“SALES_OPP”) based on the individual trade-level classification scheme described in Cohen, Malloy and Pomorski (2012). All regression specifications include an intercept, controls for industry and time effects, and include the control variables shown in Table 3. •••,••,• denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively, for two-tailed tests. Refer to Appendix A for variable definitions and sources. Panel A: Likelihood of bundling negative forecast (i.e., warning) Panel A tests the likelihood that an earnings announcement is bundled with a negative news forecast. We expect that the likelihood of warning increases with litigation risk and decreases with the presence of opportunistic insider selling, particularly in the windows of trade (i.e., GREEN) where managers face reduced risk of penalties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-n-recent-and-committed-guiders-panel-a-examines-the-shfvbqv2.png Table 2 n Recent and committed guiders Panel A examines the subset of 22,566 firm-quarters where managers face impending negative news (IMPEND_BAD=1) and have a recent guiding history (RECENT_GUIDER=1). Panel A tabulates this subsample by the number of times the firm has bundled guidance in the past 12 quarters. Panel B displays descriptive statistics for the subset of 19,166 firm-quarter observations where managers with committed guiding histories face impending negative news (IMPEND_BAD=1 and COMMITTED_GUIDER=1). Refer to Appendix A for variable definitions and sources. Panel A: Bundled guidance frequency for firm-quarters of recent guiders facing impending negative news (n = 22,566) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-n-does-insider-selling-affect-the-likelihood-of-14mn9n0q.png Table 4 n Does insider selling affect the likelihood of issuing guidance this quarter? (continued) Panel C: Likelihood of bundling when there is increased expectation of warning Panel C tests the likelihood that an earnings announcement is bundled with a news forecast for the subset of 11,716 firm-quarter observations where managers with committed guiding histories face impending negative news and increased expectation of warning (i.e., COMMITTED_GUIDER=1, IMPEND_BAD=1, BUNDLE_PRIOR=1, and BUNDLE_SQLY=1). Specifications [1] and [2] predict the issuance of a negative forecast; Specifications [3] and [4] predict the issuance of a positive forecast. In specfications [1] and [2], we expect that the likelihood of warning increases with litigation risk and decreases with the presence of insider selling, particularly in the windows of trade (i.e., GREEN) where managers face reduced risk of penalties. In specifications [3] and [4], we expect that the likelihood of a positive news disclosure decreases with litigation risk and increases with the presence of insider selling, particularly in the windows of trade (i.e., GREEN) where managers face reduced risk of penalties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-n-descriptive-statistics-for-lawsuit-and-propensity-14kirkdo.png Table 6 n Descriptive statistics for lawsuit and propensity-matched control sample This table provides descriptive statistics for a sample of 478 firms facing earnings-related litigation from 2002 through 2012 using lawsuit data obtained from Stanford Law School’s Securities Class Action Clearinghouse (http://securities.stanford.edu) (SUED firms) and a sample of propensity-matched, control firms https://scispace.com/papers/strategies-for-the-production-of-high-content-fructo-3am7kdzby4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-purity-of-fructo-oligosaccharides-obtained-during-the-ijfm73sv.png Fig. 5. Purity of fructo-oligosaccharides obtained during the fermentation in the bioreactor with: a mono-culture of Aureobasidium pullulans in an optimized fermentative broth with (grey bars) and without yeast extract (white bars); and a co-culture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-strategies-for-fruct-394icbfn.png Fig. 1. Strategies for fruct https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-defined-by-the-experimental-1z7trk0g.png Table 1 Experimental conditions defined by the experimental design and responses obtained for the optimization of the salt concentrations in the initial fermentation broth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fructo-oligosaccharides-fos-production-by-3fkqzsls.png Table 2 Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) production by Aureobasidium pullulans using 5.0 g L−1 of NaNO3 and 4.0 g L−1 of KH2PO4, in bioreactor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-profile-of-sugars-concentrations-obtained-during-the-2gpb6abw.png Fig. 4. Profile of sugars concentrations obtained during the co-culture fermentation carried out in bioreactor with S. cerevisiae and A. pullulans: Fructose; Glucose; Sucrose; GF2; © GF3; and GF4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-course-of-fructo-oligosaccharides-fos-production-2ub8czlw.png Fig. 3. Time course of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) production (black lines) and sucrose consumption (grey lines) using a mono-culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (solid line) and a co-culture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (dash line). Experiments were carried out in triplicates using shaken flasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fructo-oligosaccharides-production-in-bioreactor-3uweqo8c.png Table 3 Fructo-oligosaccharides production in bioreactor using different fermentation strategies. https://scispace.com/papers/streamlining-the-design-to-build-transition-with-build-4pdcfvtdt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-boosts-functionalities-with-the-2p9f7ggb.png Table 1. Comparing BOOST’s Functionalities with the Functionalities Provided at (i) the Web Portals of Commercial DNA Synthesis Providers and (ii) DNA Design Software Tools with Respect to Processing a Batch of Sequences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-step-by-step-example-of-partitioning-a-dna-3fvi9k10.png Figure 5. A step-by-step example of partitioning a DNA sequence into synthesizable building blocks with assembly specific overlap sequences. We have chosen a short randomly generated sequence and small parameter values in order to facilitate explaining the concepts of the partition_sequence algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modifying-a-protein-coding-sequence-to-resolve-3ku6am4x.png Figure 4. Modifying a protein coding sequence to resolve constraint violations using codon replacement strategies according to a genetic code and a codon usage table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-flowchart-illustrating-the-macro-microflow-of-the-2dd3nv6j.png Figure 1. A flowchart illustrating the macro−microflow of the “Design for Synthesis and Assembly” workflow. Empty circles denote the start, and filled circles the end, of macro- and microflows. Rectangles with rounded corners represent tasks, and diamonds represent conditions, the evaluation of which determines the next step in the workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-walkthrough-of-the-boost-web-application-to-26z7urap.png Figure 2. A walkthrough of the BOOST web application to automate the design for synthesis and assembly process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-verifying-a-dna-sequence-against-gene-1bomxc73.png Figure 3. An example of verifying a DNA sequence against gene synthesis constraints and reporting violations in a comprehensible manner. https://scispace.com/papers/strength-characterization-of-glass-epoxy-plain-weave-55gyhgbpjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-glass-epoxy-plain-weave-material-properties-material-1zzhyt7k.png Table 1. Glass/epoxy plain-weave material properties Material Ex (GPa) Ey (GPa) Gxy (GPa) υxy https://scispace.com/papers/strength-and-ductility-improvement-of-recycled-aggregate-1jwufrv81r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-increment-ratios-of-compressive-strength-of-27dqk59w.png Figure 18: Increment ratios of compressive strength of different confined RAC-RCBA specimens https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rac-rcba-mix-proportion-of-group-a-204-2cf4kx08.png Table 2 RAC-RCBA mix proportion of group A 204 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rac-rcba-mix-proportion-of-group-b-206-9r59n83y.png Table 3 RAC-RCBA mix proportion of group B 206 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tensile-stress-strain-behavior-of-cfrp-and-gfrp-21-8g7utghb.png Fig. 10 Tensile stress-strain behavior of CFRP and GFRP [21] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tensile-properties-and-standard-deviation-sd-of-pfrp-2ebc3m3z.png Table 5 Tensile properties and standard deviation (SD) of PFRP, PVC, GFRP and CFRP composites 324 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-fitting-curves-of-peak-strength-models-6yrkxl9y.png Fig. 24 Fitting curves of peak strength models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tensile-stress-strain-behavior-of-pfrp-fig-9-tensile-2hcr2pzh.png Fig 8 Tensile stress-strain behavior of PFRP Fig. 9 Tensile stress-strain behavior of PVC 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tested-results-466-1u7dm2dn.png Table 6 Tested results 466 https://scispace.com/papers/streptococcus-equi-subsps-zooepidemicus-associated-with-1zgzcuyz2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phylogenetic-tree-all-shared-proteins-of-2b2z9v9h.png Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree (all-shared proteins) of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus whole-genome sequences obtained from the reported outbreak in pigs from North America (blue blocks, PRJNA578379), compared with previously published human, dog, horse and pig (green blocks) sequences from GenBank (n=58). Tree inferred using BLAST followed by FastTree within the PATRIC package(5). Support values shown indicate the number of times a particular branch was observed in the support trees using gene-wise jackknifing. https://scispace.com/papers/strength-of-higher-order-spin-orbit-resonances-31j0krxh4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plim-blue-and-n-jy-green-for-particles-with-a-4-2s-15w76w3b.png FIG. 2: Plim (blue) and ν(Jy) (green) for particles with a 4.2σ vertical amplitude of 70π mm mrad in HERA-p with and Qy = 0.289 . Three resonance lines cross ν and at each crossing Plim exhibits a large variation and there are jumps in ν, bottom: ν = 5Qy − 1, middle: ν = 2 − 5Qy, and top ν = 2Qy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-left-plim-and-n-in-the-vicinity-of-the-resonance-19bhzhnk.png FIG. 3: Top left: Plim and ν in the vicinity of the resonance at approximately 812.4 GeV/c for HERA-p. The distance between ν and resonance has been magnified by 10, ν∗ = κ + 10(κ − ν). Top right: Proportionality between tune jump 2ǫk and the amplitude 2Jy of a vertical emittance. Middle and bottom: Correlation between the width of the actual drop of Plim and the predictions of the single resonance approximation using only the amplitude-dependent spin tune. Vertical amplitudes of particles in HERA-p in units of π mm mrad from top left to bottom right: 70, 40, 60. 80, and 100. ∆p: distance from the momentum at resonance in GeV/c https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-plim-and-n-for-a-second-order-resonance-of-hera-p-z5dsv1s3.png FIG. 4: Top: Plim and ν for a second-order resonance of HERA-p with Qy = 0.2725 and a 0.75σ vertical amplitude of 2.25π mm mrad. Bottom: 〈JS〉N after acceleration from 801 GeV/c to 804 GeV/c with different acceleration rates (blue points) and the prediction of the Froissart-Stora formula (red curve) using parameters ǫ2Qy and α obtained from ν https://scispace.com/papers/stress-in-factory-workers-in-italy-an-application-of-the-4d6s38tcun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-moroccan-factory-workers-2gsnikhf.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Moroccan Factory Workers (Age, M = 40.78; SD = 3.51) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-all-the-factors-derived-by-the-combined-2c6gxg0i.png Table 1. Summary of All the Factors Derived by the Combined Subscales of the EWS Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multivariable-associations-of-significant-main-107is01k.png Table 5. Multivariable Associations of Significant Main Effects with Perceived Job Stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ethnicity-and-work-related-stress-model-ews-22w807fv.png Figure 1. Ethnicity and Work-related Stress Model (EWS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-significant-effects-of-appraisals-in-the-16dppm3w.png Table 7. Significant Effects of Appraisals in the Relationship between Work Characteristics and Health Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-indirect-effects-of-appraisals-over-the-2i35v8yz.png Figure 2. Indirect Effects of Appraisals over the Relationship between Work Characteristics and Health Outcomes (EWS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multivariable-associations-of-significant-and-non-1m6tc8pg.png Table 6. Multivariable Associations of Significant and Non-significant Main Effects with Interpersonal Disorders, Anxious–Depressive Disorders and General Health in Moroccan Factory Workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariable-associations-of-significant-main-3jj12yo2.png Table 4. Multivariable Associations of Significant Main Effects with Perceived Job Satisfaction https://scispace.com/papers/stress-metabolism-and-antioxidants-in-two-wild-passerine-4ljldrfmht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-antioxidants-and-uric-acid-in-individual-1u1co9gf.png Figure 1. Change in antioxidants and uric acid in individual birds over the course of treatment. a, Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in house sparrows; b, TAC in gray catbirds; c, uric acid (UA) in house sparrows; d, UA in gray catbirds; e, TAC-UA residual in house sparrows; f, TACUA residual in gray catbirds; g, corticosterone in house sparrows; h, corticosterone in gray catbirds. A repeated-measures ANOVA shows highly significant effects of sample time on all variables for both species, except for residual antioxidant capacity (RES) in house sparrows. The interaction is significant only for TAC, UA, and RES in house sparrows, showing that the large increases in these variablestime # treatment occur in the cold-exposed individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-portion-of-variance-in-responses-of-antioxidant-2k3hcmvb.png Table 3: Portion of variance in responses of antioxidant measures explained independently by corticosterone (CORT) response and oxygen consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-low-ambient-temperature-during-the-night-increases-2lg9uxss.png Table 1: Low ambient temperature during the night increases oxygen consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-se-untransformed-and-effect-sizes-of-3orc8u00.png Table 2: Mean values ( SE; untransformed) and effect sizes of changes in blood parameters https://scispace.com/papers/stromal-and-acinar-components-of-the-transition-zone-in-4fumvxr6c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-volumetric-density-of-the-prostatic-histological-2clcru8v.png Table 1 The volumetric density of the prostatic histological components in the transition zone of control and BPH samples https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-test-grid-system-applied-to-a-digitized-image-of-a-2o8zywf3.png Fig. 1. The test grid system applied to a digitized image of a prostate section. Gomori trichrome, r400. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-localization-effect-in-magnetic-two-dimensional-hole-2n2uofnjh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-longitudinal-mr-rxx-b-at-t-4-2-k-in-3me9ig0k.png FIG. 3. Color online Longitudinal MR Rxx B at T=4.2 K in dependence of Mn doping concentration a and field effect b . c Rxx B at T=4.2 K for tensile and compressive strained active layers modulation doped with identical Mn concentrations in the doping layer. d Zero field resistance Rxx 0 taken from a triangles , b dots , and c squares as a function of the 2D carrier density p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-longitudinal-mr-rxx-and-hall-resistance-2k2mcwd2.png FIG. 2. Color online Longitudinal MR Rxx and Hall resistance traces Rxy inset at T=4.2 K in dependence of the 2D hole density p of one sample with a constant amount of Mn ions close to the 2DHG. The density was increased via field effect by applying a top-gate voltage marked by arrows . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-004-x-ray-diffraction-curves-for-samples-1bbtjtuu.png FIG. 1. Color online 004 X-ray diffraction curves for samples with conventional buffer and with overshoot. The arrows mark the peak arising from the active and the overshoot region according to the layer sequence. The dashed line denotes the diffraction angle expected for an unstrained In0.75Al0.25As layer. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-energetic-properties-of-domains-in-pbtio-3-26mdep097l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-panels-local-layer-by-layer-offset-between-100-31s5te5h.png FIG. 7. Left panels: local layer-by-layer offset between [100] atomic rows to the left and right of the DW for (a) a (3 | 3) and (c) a (6 | 6) superlattice. Right panels: local in-plane strain across the center of an up domain in (b) a (3 | 3) and (d) a (6 | 6) superlattice. A large nondiagonal component of the strain gradiend, ∂ε11 ∂z can be observed close to the interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-differences-in-energies-between-polydomain-monodomain-10xi70g1.png FIG. 1. Differences in energies between polydomain, monodomain, and nonpolar configurations in (3|3) PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, as a function of the domain period Nx . Total energies of supercells are given per five-atom perovskite unit cell. Circles represent the configurations where the AFD modes are not allowed (Ny = 1), while squares represent configuration with condensed AFD modes (Ny = 2). Diamond indicates a configuration where the DW lies along the 〈110〉 direction, also allowing for the condensation of AFD modes. The monodomain phases have been labeled as in Ref. 8, where a full analysis of these configurations is provided. In the nonpolar configuration, the AFD distortions have been considered. All energies are given with respect to the most stable monodomain configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-out-of-plane-polarization-pz-at-the-center-of-the-3ty2v17y.png TABLE I. Out-of-plane polarization, Pz, at the center of the domains in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices with Nx = 12 u.c. P PTOz (P STOz ) stands for the polarization at the central perovskite unit cell within the PbTiO3 (SrTiO3) layer. Values in parenthesis correspond to the rms polarization, averaged along the [100] direction. Units in μC/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-representation-of-the-center-3v3hjeuh.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Schematic representation of the center of a domain in a (3|3) PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice (see region embodied by a bracket in Fig. 4). Atoms are represented by balls: Sr in yellow, Ti in green, O in blue, and Pb in grey. In panels (b)–(d) we represent the amplitude of the rotations (squares) and tiltings (diamonds) of each TiO6 octahedra: (b) at the center of a domain in the polydomain configuration with Nx = 12, (c) in the ground state monodomain phase (with polarization in the PbTiO3 layer pointing close to the perovskite unit cell diagonal, see Ref. 8), and (d) in a monodomain phase with polarization lying along [001]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-schematic-view-of-the-3-3-superlattice-191chrmp.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Schematic view of the (3 | 3) superlattice with Nx = 12 and Ny = 1 indicating how local values of the magnitudes plotted in Figs. 5 and 7 are defined. Red (blue) lines represent local values of in-plane, a, (out-of-plane, c) lattice constants, measured from the in-plane (out-of-plane) distance between equivalent cations of the same chemical species in consecutive unit cells along the x (z) direction. Magnitudes with subscript 1 (2) indicate unit cells centered on a [001] AO (TiO2) atomic plane. Local polarization is marked with arrows. Black dotted lines indicate the offset between [100] atomic rows to the left and right of the domain walls, defined as the relative vertical shift of A-cations in a given atomic plane. Bracket at the bottom of the up domain indicates the position of its center, where the values plotted as empty symbols in Figs. 5 and 7 are obtained. Finally, domain walls are represented by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-local-polarization-profile-of-polydomain-1ed92b7f.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Local polarization profile of polydomain structures in (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n superlattices with (a) n = 3 and (b) n = 6. The PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 are depicted as gray and white regions respectively. Red dashed squares in the SrTiO3 layers mark the position where antivortices are formed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-panels-layer-by-layer-out-of-plane-polarization-ed6oube7.png FIG. 5. Left panels: layer-by-layer out-of-plane polarization, Pz, inferred from the Born effective charges and the atomic displacements for (a) a (3 | 3) and (c) a (6 | 6) superlattice. Right panels: layer-bylayer tetragonality for (b) a (3 | 3) and (d) a (6 | 6) superlattice. Empty symbols represent values at the center of an up domain, while filled symbols correspond to averaged values (root mean square in the case of polarization) along the [100] direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-the-distortion-induced-by-2cj2pdb7.png FIG. 6. Schematic representation of the distortion induced by the domain structure in (a) bulk PbTiO3, (b) PbTiO3 thin films and (c) PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices. (a) In bulk, displacements of Pb cations cause an offset between [100] atomic rows across the DW. (b) In thin films, in addition to the offset between domains, rotation of the polarization near the interface is responsible of a nonvanishing strain gradient ∂ε11 ∂z . (c) In the case of the PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, the offset and modulation of the strain field in the PbTiO3 layer (in grey) propagates into the SrTiO3 (in white). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-behavior-of-ferrogels-obtained-by-3lgf4xzis4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-of-a-nc-ferrogels-left-6nc-right-9nc-d-1esfbr2p.png Figure 1: Photograph of a) NC-ferrogels (left 6NC, right 9NC) d) PAA-ferrogels (left 6PAA, right https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-zero-field-cooled-and-field-cooled-measured-for-6nc-2joo0ugd.png Figure 6: Zero field cooled and field cooled measured for 6NC and 9NC samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-log-log-plot-of-small-angle-x-ray-scattering-curves-1xhud23r.png Figure 2: Log-Log plot of small angle X-ray scattering curves of the four samples (a) 6PAA and 9PAA (b) 6NC and 9NC. Inset I(q) q 4 vs. q for the four samples is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hc-and-ms-values-in-samples-6paa-9paa-9nc-and-6nc-229kdcm5.png Table 3. Hc and Ms values in samples 6PAA, 9PAA, 9NC and 6NC for 5 and 300 K https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-and-swelling-properties-of-ferrogels-35bvg2no.png Table 2. Thermal and swelling properties of ferrogels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-radius-of-gyration-rg-and-size-d-of-the-1nk6qi9g.png Table 1. Values of radius of gyration Rg and size D of the structures inside the PVA matrix https://scispace.com/papers/structural-basis-for-broad-coronavirus-neutralization-17rbw5c8e1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-basis-for-the-broad-b6-cross-reactivity-3b5i7ok6.png Figure 3. Molecular basis for the broad B6 cross-reactivity with a conserved coronavirus stem helix peptide. (A) Crystal structure of the B6 Fab (surface rendering) in complex with the MERS-CoV S stem helix peptide. (B-C) Crystal structures of the B6 Fab bound to the MERS-CoV S (B) or HKU4 S (C) stem helix reveal a conserved network of interactions except for the substitution of D1236MERS-CoV with E1237HKU4 which preserves the salt bridge triad formed with CDRH3 residue R104 and CDRL1 residue H33. (D-F) Crystal structures of the B6 Fab bound to the MERS-CoV S (D), OC43 S (E) or SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 S (F) stem helix showcasing the conservation of the paratope/epitope interface except for the conservative substitution of F1238MERS-CoV with W1240OC43 or Y1137SARS-CoV/Y1155SARS-CoV-2. The B6 heavy and light chains are colored purple and magenta, respectively, and only selected regions are shown in panels (B-F) for clarity. The coronavirus S stem helix peptides are rendered in ribbon representation and colored gold with interacting side chains shown in stick representation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-x-ray-crystallography-data-collection-and-refinement-34ov04gz.png Table 2. X-ray crystallography data collection and refinement statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b6-targets-a-linear-epitope-in-the-coronavirus-s2-3igreb74.png Figure 2. B6 targets a linear epitope in the coronavirus S2 fusion machinery. (A-B) Molecular surface representation of a composite model of the B6-bound MERSCoV S cryoEM structure and of the B6-bound MERS-CoV S stem helix peptide crystal structure shown from the side (A) and viewed from the viral membrane (B). MERS-CoV S protomers are colored pink, cyan and gold and the B6 Fab heavy and light chains are colored purple and magenta, respectively. The composite model was generated by docking the crystal structure of B6 bound to the MERS-CoV stem helix in the cryoEM map. (C) Identification of a conserved 15 residue sequence spanning the stem helix. Residue numbering for MERS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S are indicated on top and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cryoem-data-collection-and-refinement-statistics-37oiuki0.png Table 1. CryoEM data collection and refinement statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b6-binding-disrupts-the-stem-helix-bundle-and-fad8ci8i.png Figure 4. B6 binding disrupts the stem helix bundle and sterically inhibits membrane fusion. (A) CryoEM map of prefusion SARS-CoV-2 S (EMD-21452) filtered at 6 Å resolution to emphasize the intact trimeric stem helix bundle. (B) CryoEM map of the MERS-CoV S–B6 complex showing a disrupted stem helix bundle. (C) Model of B6induced S stem movement obtained through comparison of the apo SARS-CoV-2 S and B6-bound MERS-CoV S structures. (D-F) Proposed mechanism of inhibition mediated by the B6 mAb. B6 binds to the hydrophobic core (red) of the stem helix bundle and disrupts https://scispace.com/papers/structural-basis-of-anti-sars-cov-2-activity-of-hcq-specific-3junka3ivn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hcq-disrupts-llps-of-sars-cov-2-n-protein-30xns3hx.png Figure 5. HCQ disrupts LLPS of SARS-CoV-2 N protein. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nmr-characterization-of-the-binding-of-hcq-to-ntd-28ce2nkr.png Fig. 2. NMR characterization of the binding of HCQ to NTD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hcq-specifically-binds-ctd-to-inhibit-its-22g9ksld.png Figure 3. HCQ specifically binds CTD to inhibit its interaction with nucleic acid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nmr-characterization-of-the-binding-of-hcq-to-ctd-2k4gho0v.png Fig. 4. NMR characterization of the binding of HCQ to CTD. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-behavior-and-dynamics-of-an-anomalous-fluid-2ls8q0kqjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-as-fig-2-but-for-r-0-22-the-effective-densities-see-3904nzer.png FIG. 3. As Fig. 2, but for ρ = 0.22. The effective densities (see Sec. II B) that correspond to ρ = 0.22 and temperatures T = 1.4, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3 are ρeff = 0.2386, 0.2397, 0.2399, 0.2402, 0.2411, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-modified-voronoi-tessellation-see-text-for-the-first-3pgdcg0u.png FIG. 8. Modified Voronoi tessellation (see text) for the first three layers near the attractive wall of three different realizations of our system at ρ = 0.11 with (a) T = 0.3 and (b) T = 0.0005. Different colors represent Voronoi cells with different number of edges: 3 (green), 4 (blue), 5 (yellow), 6 (turquoise), 7 (red), 8 (maroon). We observe polycrystal structures in the layer n = 1 near the attractive wall at the lowest T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-in-fig-8-but-for-r-0-30-with-a-t-0-3-and-b-t-0-0005-3aj88dj1.png FIG. 9. As in Fig. 8, but for ρ = 0.30 with (a) T = 0.3 and (b) T = 0.0005. For the layer n = 1 the system forms a polycrystal made of a triangular lattice (cyan hexagons) and a Kagome lattice (blue rhombuses) with a number of defects that decreases with T. For layers n = 2, 3 it forms zigzagging stripes phases with defects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-fig-2-but-for-r-0-30-the-effective-densities-see-2f6klow0.png FIG. 4. As Fig. 2, but for ρ = 0.30. The effective densities (see Sec. II B) that correspond to ρ = 0.30 and temperatures T = 1.4, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3 are ρeff = 0.3254, 0.3268, 0.3272, 0.3276, 0.3288, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-in-layer-survival-probability-sp-sn-t-as-a-308gezqp.png FIG. 6. The in-layer survival probability (SP), Sn(τ ), as a function of the time interval τ , for ρ = 0.11, 0.18, 0.22, 0.30 (top-most labels) and T = 1.4, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3 (right-most labels) for CSW particles in a slit pore confinement, with the layer n = 1 (in black) near the attractive wall and the layer n = 11 (in orange) near the repulsive wall. Other layers have different colors, as indicated in the legend. The layers with a faster decay of Sn(τ ) are, in general, those away from the two walls of the slit pore. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-characteristic-decay-time-tmax-as-a-function-of-fluid-3p973kmy.png FIG. 7. Characteristic decay time τmax as a function of fluid layer for density ρ = 0.11, 0.18, 0.22, 0.30 and temperature T = 1.4, 0.7. For clarity, the points for T = 0.7 are shifted up by 100 units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-in-layer-trajectories-for-particles-in-a-the-second-2wp2jfcz.png FIG. 12. In-layer trajectories for particles in (a) the second and (b) the third layer of Run #1 in Fig. 10. In red and green, we show the trajectories of representative particles belonging to stripes veins. The MSD of these particles is represented with the same color code as in Fig. 11. We apply periodic boundary conditions along x and y axes at x = 0, x = 15 and at y = 0, y = 12.1 (dashed lines). We observe two point-like defects between the stripes near the veins in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-in-layer-mean-square-displacement-msd-as-a-function-of-1rer9trj.png FIG. 5. In-layer mean square displacement (MSD) as a function of time, t, for fluid densities ρ = 0.11, 0.18, 0.22, 0.30 (top-most labels) and temperatures T = 1.4, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3 (right-most labels) for CSW particles in the slit-pore confinement, with layer n = 1 (in black) adjacent to the attractive wall and layer n = 11 (in orange) next to the repulsive wall. Intermediate layers have different colors, as indicated in the legend. Dashed lines represent the ballistic and diffusive regimes at early and long times, respectively. The gray regions give an indication of the time interval over which the MSD is not well defined, as discussed in Sec. III D. At low T and high ρ, we observe a large heterogeneity for the dynamics of different layers. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-breaks-in-panel-data-large-number-of-panels-and-3srf99tpfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-m7brj8br.png Figure 5.3. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN (t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Large Growth mutual funds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-qjglvo7y.png Figure 5.2. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN (t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Large Blend mutual funds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-2nu6pzl2.png Figure 5.6. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN(t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Middle Growth mutual funds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-bo7n7l8o.png Figure 5.4. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN(t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Large Value mutual funds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-2233e78g.png Figure 5.5. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN(t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Middle Blend mutual funds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-power-of-the-test-based-on-un-when-the-change-31w6aha0.png Table 4.5. Power of the test based on ûN when the change occurs at t0 = T/2 in either intercept or slope of model S1 (δ = 0.25); fraction of panels with change ϑ = 0.25; the significance level 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-j15wp389.png Figure 5.7. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN(t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Middle Value mutual funds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-graphs-of-un-t-and-simulated-critical-values-for-airdxa3u.png Figure 5.8. Graphs of ∣∣ ÛN (t) ∣∣ and simulated critical values for Small Blend mutual funds. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-determinants-for-activity-of-glucagon-like-1jo85rj087 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequences-of-hglp-21-33-glp-17-36nh2-glucagon-hgip-3rgb1lw6.png FIGURE 1: Sequences of hGLP-21-33, GLP-17-36NH2, glucagon, hGIP, andHeloderma suspectumexendin-41-39. Amino acids conserved between GLP-2 and the other glucagon-related peptides are shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-circular-dichroism-spectroscopy-of-rglp-2-h-gly2-1qq6jyy4.png FIGURE 5: Circular dichroism spectroscopy of rGLP-2, h[Gly2]GLP2, h[D-Ala2]GLP-2, h[Pro2]GLP-2, and h[Thr2]GLP-2 (A) and of h[Gly2]GLP-2, h[Gly2,Ala5]GLP-2, h[Gly2,Ala16]GLP-2, and h[Gly2,Ala6]GLP-2 (B). Each peptide was scanned 5 times between 180 and 260 nm, and the absorption spectra were averaged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-glp-2r-binding-a-as-a-percent-of-total-specific-1akm7604.png FIGURE 2: GLP-2R binding (A: as a percent of total specific binding) and activation (B: as the fold increase over basal cAMP production) by position 2 analogues of GLP-2. Each analogue was tested in triplicate at 100, 500, and 1000 pM, and the data for the 1000 pM dose are shown. The rGLP-2 sequence is shown at the top of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rglp-2r-binding-a-as-a-percent-of-total-specific-1rhrqtvu.png FIGURE 3: rGLP-2R binding (A: as a percent of total specific binding) and activation (B: as the fold increase over basal cAMP production) by alanine-substituted analogues of GLP-2. Each analogue was tested in triplicate at 100, 500, and 1000 pM, and the data for the 1000 pM dose are shown. An asterisk indicates that Gly2 and the native alanine at positions 18 and 19 were neither substituted nor tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rglp-2r-binding-a-and-activation-b-by-rglp-2-h-gly2-13dui69p.png FIGURE 4: rGLP-2R binding (A) and activation (B) by rGLP-2, h[Gly2]GLP-2, h[D-Ala2]GLP-2, h[Pro2]GLP-2, h[Gly2,Ala5]GLP-2, and h[Gly2,Ala16]GLP-2 (n ) 4-5). Membranes for binding studies were prepared from BHK cells stably transfected with the rGLP-2R, while cAMP were levels were determined in rGLP-2-BHK cells in culture. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-entities-of-an-ontology-driven-unifying-metamodel-5ardg7htpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-value-properties-distinguishing-between-plain-and-1tp7hybr.png Fig. 4. Value properties, distinguishing between plain and dimensional value types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simple-and-dimensional-attributes-dimensional-1memsu1c.png Fig. 5. Simple and dimensional attributes; Dimensional attribute is reified version of the ternary relation dimensional attribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationships-between-relationship-role-and-entity-3alyus9s.png Fig. 2. Relationships between Relationship, Role, and Entity type; see text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-main-static-structural-entities-of-the-metamodel-see-9dvmitcf.png Fig. 1. Main static, structural, entities of the metamodel; see text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subsumption-and-aggregation-a-short-hand-notation-b-1ii45jsd.png Fig. 3. Subsumption and aggregation. A: short-hand notation; B: more detailed representation, where there is an additional constraint on the two associations of subsumption such that the participating entities must be of the same type, and an attributive property participates only in a part-whole relation if it is part of a composite attribute. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-disorder-produced-in-kh2po4-by-light-ion-zjhs4sqh7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-symbols-the-ion-fluence-dependence-of-the-rbs-c-1hcu004c.png FIG. 2: (a) Symbols: The ion fluence dependence of the RBS/C yield, normalized to the random level, extracted from spectra for different irradiation conditions, as indicated in the legend. Curves: results of calculations based on the damage overlap model. (b) The dependence of the effective track diameter on electronic energy loss. The same symbols as in (a) are used for different irradiation conditions. The straight line with a slope of 1.18 ± 0.01, representing the best fit, is also shown. The inset in (b) shows an optical micrograph of KDP irradiated at 300 K with 2 MeV He ions to a fluence 1014 cm−2. The image was taken ∼ 2 days after ion irradiation. The horizontal field width of the image is 2.75 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ion-irradiation-conditions-used-in-this-study-in-all-1u5axc2p.png TABLE I: Ion irradiation conditions used in this study. In all cases, irradiation was done at room temperature. Calculated valued of the projected ion range (Rp), electronic [(dE/dx)e] and nuclear [(dE/dx)n] stopping powers, effective diameters of ion tracks (d and dT ), and the number of overlaps (m) are also given. Note that d was determined from fitting experimental damage buildup curves by the damage overlap model, while dT was calculated based on Tombrello’s model. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-selected-rbs-c-spectra-illustrating-the-buildup-of-3b2lf6u6.png FIG. 1: Selected RBS/C spectra illustrating the buildup of structural disorder in KDP bombarded at 300 K with 2 MeV He ions with beam flux of ∼ 7×1011 cm−2 s−1. Implantation fluences (in cm−2) are indicated in the figure. The positions of the surface peaks of K, P, and O are denoted by arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-investigations-of-pt-tiox-electrode-stacks-for-3au30kq0nq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-afm-images-of-the-pt-surface-morphologies-of-the-1ldud5yz.png FIG. 1. AFM images of the Pt surface morphologies of the unannealed electrode a at low magnification and b high magnification, and c the 3 and d 10 min annealed electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-surface-images-of-a-the-pzt-ceramic-film-and-b-the-3spv28ce.png FIG. 3. AFM surface images of a the PZT ceramic film and b the Pt bottom electrode disclosed after the covering PZT ceramic was removed by chemical etching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xps-surface-spectra-of-the-unannealed-and-3-and-10-min-338xpnrw.png FIG. 2. XPS surface spectra of the unannealed, and 3 and 10 min annealed electrode stacks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interpretation-model-for-the-roughening-of-the-pzt-pt-3ss6u5s9.png FIG. 7. Interpretation model for the roughening of the PZT/Pt interface during the PZT film fabrication. a A crystallized Pt/TiOx electrode stack with many Pt hillocks on the surface, b the crystallized Pt/TiOx electrode stack with a layer of dry PZT gel after the spin coating of a PZT layer and drying, and c the PZT/Pt/TiOx structure at low temperature with a rougher PZT/Pt interface after cooling down from high-temperature crystallization. A small amount of Pt hillocks remain on the Pt electrode, while some defects or voids may be present in the ceramic layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-thickness-d-density-and-surface-or-interface-2jv0cpdr.png TABLE I. The thickness d , density , and surface or interface roughness of the constituent layers in the unannealed, and 3 and 10 min annealed electrode stacks obtained from best fits of the specular reflectivity curves, assuming a stack of low-density Pt/Pt/TiOx of horizontally homogeneous layers on a SiO2 substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detector-scans-of-the-unannealed-and-3-and-10-min-chswuqsh.png FIG. 6. Detector scans of the unannealed, and 3 and 10 min annealed Pt/TiOx electrode stacks with the incidence angle at 1.03°, 1.01°, and 1°, respectively, from which the critical angles of Pt are determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-tem-cross-sectional-high-angle-annular-dark-field-2hho2doj.png FIG. 4. a TEM cross-sectional high angle annular dark field image of the multilayer structure of the PZT thin film. From left to right: PZT, Pt, TiOx, and SiO2, respectively. b HRTEM image of the TiOx layer, and the interfaces of Pt/TiOx and TiOx /SiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-specular-reflectivity-of-the-unannealed-and-3-and-10-37benvto.png FIG. 5. Specular reflectivity of the unannealed, and 3 and 10 min annealed Pt/TiOx electrode stacks. The best fits to the experimental specular reflectivity curves are also given solid line . https://scispace.com/papers/structural-positions-and-risk-budgeting-quantifying-the-4y1l4nnubb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-270ea58p.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-34h2wlex.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-23ifkug7.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2mclpl31.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-manifestation-of-the-delocalization-error-of-13acqv2lcq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-energy-of-c14-most-stable-structure-of-each-2io1k7ru.png FIG. 3. Relative energy of C14 most stable structure of each functional with fractional number of electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energies-of-the-bond-and-angle-alternating-structures-6qgonyj9.png FIG. 2. Energies of the bond- and angle-alternating structures relative to the aromatic D 4N+2 h structure as a function of the ring size. rCAM-B3LYP gives rise to the structural transition between C10 and C14. The CCSD values are taken from Arulmozhiraja and Ohno Ref. 15 employing the 6-31G basis set . https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-homo-lumo-gap-ev-of-the-bowl-cage-and-ring-isomers-1zi0qzuq.png TABLE III. HOMO-LUMO gap eV of the bowl, cage, and ring isomers of C20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceivable-ground-state-structures-for-the-c4n-2-1nofr673.png FIG. 1. Conceivable ground state structures for the C4N+2 rings as exemplified by C14. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-relative-energies-ev-of-the-bowl-cage-and-ring-1b3ht34x.png TABLE II. Relative energies eV of the bowl, cage, and ring isomers of C20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-homo-lumo-energy-gap-for-the-most-stable-structure-of-19tqyjca.png FIG. 4. HOMO-LUMO energy gap for the most stable structure of each functional as a function of the ring size for several exchange-correlation functionals. While not shown, the behavior of PBE0 is very similar to B3LYP; LDA SVWN5 and PBE are very similar to BLYP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bla-as-a-function-of-ring-size-the-ccsd-results-are-1xvsgfg5.png FIG. 5. BLA as a function of ring size. The CCSD results are from Arulmozhiraja and Ohno Ref. 15 employing the 6-31G basis set and QMC from Torelli and Mitas Ref. 10 . https://scispace.com/papers/structural-properties-and-deformation-patterns-of-evolving-3uveju6rf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3sqjuk48.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fault-stepover-evolutionary-stages-displayed-in-1qrgl9cx.png Figure 12 Fault stepover evolutionary stages displayed in four snap-shots of damage levels around a stepover zone (at 3 km depth). (a) Segmented fault. (b, c) Extensive damage accumulation within the stepover zone. In (c) distinct lateral (subsidiary) ‘‘faults’’ (regions of high damage) link between the two fault segments. (d) Formation of a through-going fault through the entire stepover zone. These results are from high-resolution, small-domain models focusing on stepovers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3ffm31vm.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-width-and-depth-of-the-distributed-part-of-the-229vzm7l.png Figure 8 Width and depth of the distributed part of the damage zone (DOF damage) for models with a wide range of material parameters. DOF damage zone dimensions are insensitive to the healing parameters and the seismic coupling ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-width-and-depth-of-the-laf-damage-zone-as-a-1kf1srdz.png Figure 9 (a) Width and depth of the LAF damage zone as a function of healing parameter C2 (width measured at 5–8 km depth, just below the DOF damage). The hatched region indicates admissible values of C2 for modeling natural processes (see section 4). (b, c) Examples of deep and shallow fault core damage zones in models with long (b) and short (c) healing time scales. The geometry of these zones is stable through most of the interseismic interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2ysvza8g.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-block-diagram-of-typical-3-d-lithospheric-yzh05ike.png Figure 3 A block diagram of typical 3-D lithospheric structure used in the numerical simulations. The fault parallel extent of the model domain varies from 100 to 250 km in different simulations. Imposed damage (not shown in Fig. 3) is applied only in a few simulations of long-term fault stepover evolution (i.e., initial conditions of highresolution fault stepover models included damage zones representing a segmented fault). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dof-damage-zone-width-and-depth-plotted-against-2tx84t27.png Figure 6 DOF damage zone width and depth plotted against cumulative strike-slip offset. After an initial stage with relatively fast damage zone growth, the DOF damage zone dimensions remain fairly constant (at offsets exceeding 0.05 km). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-shape-optimization-using-cartesian-grids-and-1nk6twmj1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thick-wall-infinite-cylinder-defined-by-4-design-2j6yecht.png Table 4: Thick-wall infinite cylinder defined by 4 design variable. Design variables data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-immersed-boundary-method-environment-domain-ophys-2z9t97kn.png Fig. 1: Immersed Boundary Method environment. Domain ΩPhys within the embedding domain Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-horizontal-data-sharing-example-a-different-type-of-388z30b0.png Fig. 6: Horizontal data sharing example. (a) Different type of entities. (b) Individual j + 1. (c) Individual j, mesh i. (d) Individual j, mesh i+ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-model-of-a-cylinder-under-internal-pressure-a-front-2h8ealwn.png Fig. 13: Model of a cylinder under internal pressure. (a) Front view with boundary conditions. (b) 3D model representation. (c) Example of analysis mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-2d-view-of-3d-uniform-meshes-with-different-element-35egu5i3.png Fig. 14: 2D view of 3D uniform meshes with different element size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-behavior-of-different-reordering-techniques-left-28m0lmrq.png Fig. 15: Behavior of different reordering techniques. Left: reordering times. Right: speed-up in the solution of the system of equations with respect to the reference (no reordering). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-evolution-of-magnitudes-for-h-adapted-and-projected-urvdzwfu.png Fig. 19: Evolution of magnitudes for h-adapted and projected meshes. Left: error in the objective function (volume) with respect to the analytical solution. Right: von Mises stress. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-thick-wall-cylinder-defined-by-4-design-variables-131ntlb5.png Table 5: Thick-wall cylinder defined by 4 design variables. Computational results for h-adapted and projected meshes. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-study-31-p-nmr-and-europium-photoluminescence-m42qbunel7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-31-p-nmr-spectrum-of-na3srmg11-po4-9-table-3oxfcn51.png Figure 5 31 P NMR spectrum of Na3SrMg11(PO4)9; Table summarizes the main data deconvolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-the-experimental-31-p-chemical-shift-vczbde2j.png Figure 6 Variation of the experimental 31 P chemical shift versus Z/a 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-environments-of-the-six-phosphorus-sites-in-22080nqb.png Figure 4 Environments of the six phosphorus sites in Na3SrMg11(PO4)9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rods-i-ii-and-iii-in-na3srmg11-po4-9-2rcb2ug4.png Figure 3 Rods I, II and III in Na3SrMg11(PO4)9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atomic-position-and-equivalent-thermal-parameters-3dlyg48d.png Table 2: Atomic position and equivalent thermal parameters Ueq(Å 2 ) for Na3SrMg11(PO4)9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-x-ray-patterns-for-na3srmg11-po4-9-undoped-3f3d6who.png Figure 1 Observed X-ray patterns for Na3SrMg11(PO4)9 (undoped) and its doped Eu 2+ phase compared to the simulated spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interatomic-distances-a-for-na3srmg11-po4-9-3s1dppwd.png Table 3: Interatomic distances (Å) for Na3SrMg11(PO4)9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-projection-along-the-001-direction-of-the-na3srmg11-176w1hkj.png Figure 2 Projection along the [001] direction of the Na3SrMg11(PO4)9 structure showing the hexagonal rod packing. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-transformations-of-bioactive-glass-45s5-with-3ypmsjyb50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-summary-of-the-structural-transformations-of-45s5-144fuepa.png Figure 12: Summary of the structural transformations of 45S5 with temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-esem-micrographs-taken-at-low-magnification-on-one-2gdtmggw.png Figure 2: ESEM micrographs taken at low magnification on one Bioglass® grain during in situ heating from room temperature to 950 °C. Three micrographs have been selected to show the evolution of grain morphology with temperature: 110 °C (a), around Tg1 = 550 °C (b) and Tg2 = 850 °C (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-isothermal-crystallization-peaks-obtained-by-dsc-at-g85p31w5.png Figure 8: Isothermal crystallization peaks obtained by DSC at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plot-of-at-t-vs-time-obtained-from-the-dsc-3chfp1f5.png Figure 9: Plot of αT(t) vs. time obtained from the DSC measurements and from Equation (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tga-tda-of-45s5-bioglass-r-138kb8lv.png Figure 1: TGA–TDA of 45S5 Bioglass®. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rietveltd-refinement-applied-to-the-different-24ajn18n.png Figure 6: Rietveltd refinement applied to the different diffractograms from 750 to 950 °C to measure the lattice parameters (a and c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ftir-spectra-taken-on-the-powder-before-and-after-1v198nwq.png Figure 7: FTIR spectra taken on the powder before and after thermal treatment at 800 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diffractograms-of-raw-and-thermally-treated-3ubxm3xg.png Figure 4: Diffractograms of raw and thermally treated bioactive glass 45S5. Under 600 °C the Bioglass® remains amorphous. Over this temperature, crystallization takes place by the formation of Na2CaSi2O6 (•: PDF 77–2189). At 800 °C, the two major peaks https://scispace.com/papers/structural-variants-identified-by-oxford-nanopore-promethion-3pyk9gq8dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-precision-recall-comparison-of-combined-variant-34mb3a10.png Figure 5. Precision-recall comparison of combined variant sets. Combination of all compatible variant callers per aligner are tagged with plus signs, pairwise combinations of variant callers with dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-promethion-andminion-libraries-a-read-2803l8q7.png Figure 1. Comparison of PromethION andMinION libraries. (A) Read lengths capped at 100 kb. (B) Percentage of identity after minimap2 alignment to the reference genome. (P) PromethION; (M) MinION; (N) nonsheared/native; (S) sheared before library preparation. Plots were made using NanoPack (De Coster et al. 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-upset-plot-of-variant-calls-obtained-after-30n160uz.png Figure 6. Upset plot of variant calls obtained after alignment usingminimap2. The height of the vertical bars indicates the number of variants in this set overlap, as indicated by the colored dots and connecting lines in the bottom panel. The height of the horizontal bars indicates the total number of variants per set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-precision-and-recall-with-parameter-variation-a-1e4j9od8.png Figure 7. Precision and recall with parameter variation. (A) Specifying minimally supporting reads. (B) Influence of the median genome coverage after down-sampling to various fractions. Both sets use Sniffles SV calling and minimap2 alignment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-aligners-a-aligned-read-lengths-plot-iug6s7js.png Figure 2. Comparison of aligners. (A) Aligned read lengths, plot limited to 100 kb. (B) Read percentage identity compared with the reference genome. Plots were made using NanoPack (De Coster et al. 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-precision-recall-comparison-aligners-are-tagged-zij61lvw.png Figure 3. Precision-recall comparison. Aligners are tagged with symbols, variant callers with colors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accuracy-of-zygosity-of-sv-callers-with-their-25trzl34.png Table 5. Accuracy of zygosity of SV callers with their optimal aligner https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-flexural-properties-of-3d-needled-carbon-fiber-2a9hpjy8u5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-density-and-phase-composition-of-c-c-sic-composites-36o2pgiz.png Table 1 Density and phase composition of C/C-SiC composites fabricated by GSI. Average values ± sample standard deviation (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-density-and-phase-composition-of-c-c-sic-composites-1dbw44j3.png Table 2 Density and phase composition of C/C-SiC composites fabricated by GSI + LSI. Average values ± sample standard deviation (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-flexural-strength-and-modulus-of-c-c-sic-composites-x56rgxqa.png Table 3 Flexural strength and modulus of C/C-SiC composites. Average values ± standard deviation (n=5). https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-function-of-borb-the-type-ii-thioesterase-from-2on737vr85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-parameters-for-borba-6nq02yct.png Table 2. Kinetic Parameters for BorBa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maldi-tof-ms-of-acyl-acp-with-borb-a-experimental-1ep8pjck.png Figure 3.MALDI-TOF MS of acyl-ACP with BorB. (A) Experimental scheme for detection of ACP cleavage by MALDI-TOF MS. (B) MALDI-TOF MS chromatograms of acyl-BorACP5 without BorB (black) and with 1 mM BorB (blue). ACPs are indicated in each subplot. Peak shifts between acyl- and holo-ACP are denoted with observed/expected mass shifts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overall-structure-of-borb-a-overlaid-structures-of-2rfsxj4u.png Figure 4. Overall structure of BorB. (A) Overlaid structures of chains A and B of BorB. Lid regions are colored orange and yellow, respectively. The active triad is colored red. (B) Individual monomers of the asymmetric unit. The coloring is identical to that of panel A. (C) Topology diagram of BorB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-borrelidin-polyketide-assembly-line-adapted-with-1vyyz4mm.png Figure 1. Borrelidin polyketide assembly line. Adapted with permission from ref 20. Copyright 2004 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-engineering-borb-for-an-altered-substrate-profile-a-2m0vm1mo.png Figure 5. Engineering BorB for an altered substrate profile. (A) Active site of BorB. The cavity is shown with a gray surface. (B) Conservation of the region used to generate chimeric proteins. Larger letters indicate higher degrees of conservation. Collapsed regions are indicated by the number of amino acids and are not present in BorB. G135 and G136 are unique to BorB. (C) Overlay of chain B of BorB with the structures of RifR (PDB entry 3FLA) and RedJ (PDB entry 3QMW). The swapped loop regions are colored. (D) Acyl-CoA hydrolysis assay of WT and chimeric BorB variants. Error bars are standard deviations of technical duplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-x-ray-data-collection-and-structure-szxqa82l.png Table 1. Statistics for X-ray Data Collection and Structure Refinement of BorB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kinetic-assays-of-borb-with-acyl-coas-2mugnz4u.png Figure 2. Kinetic assays of BorB with acyl-CoAs. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-properties-of-expanding-polyurethane-foam-in-8mmeegq0cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-value-of-the-yield-stress-reduction-versus-density-26jg5mzr.png Fig. 10. Value of the yield stress reduction versus density for heterogeneous speci- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evolution-of-nominal-stress-versus-nominal-strain-3rjcew8x.png Fig. 12. Evolution of nominal stress versus nominal strain during an unconfined uniaxial compression test for the foam injected in situ. The dotted line corresponds to a compression in the transverse direction and the full line in the rising direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-modified-rowe-cell-q8gipjvn.png Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the modified Rowe Cell used for the composite soil. Total height of permeability tests on composite soil-foam specimen : hcs = 70 mm. Thickness of the foam vein : hf ≈ 10 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-view-of-a-vein-of-foam-formed-in-a-cracked-clay-soil-t-2wd0k0fn.png Fig. 3. View of a vein of foam formed in a cracked clay soil. T and R correspond to the transverse and rising directions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-results-of-permeability-tests-on-foam-injected-in-the-3d8q7cls.png Fig. 13. Results of permeability tests on foam injected in the ground (Gk) and homogeneous material (Hk). The results correspond to an applied water pressure of 25 kPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-magnification-of-the-foam-specimen-shown-in-figure-7-a-1iaj7iq1.png Fig. 8. Magnification of the foam specimen shown in Figure 7 (a). Points A and B correspond to points A and B in Figure 7 (a). Both figures match in point C. Magnification × 45. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-view-of-foam-having-formed-in-a-crack-b-j0nfkmy6.png Fig. 7. (a) View of foam having formed in a crack. (b) Magnification of the circled zone with the Scanning Electron Microscope. R and T refer to the rising and transverse directions, as defined in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-evolution-of-nominal-stress-versus-nominal-strain-2ml7d5ii.png Fig. 9. (a) Evolution of nominal stress versus nominal strain during an unconfined uniaxial compression in the rising direction on homogeneous polyurethane foam (density 52 kg/m3). (b) Results of all compression tests: yield stress versus density. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-physical-properties-of-paracrystalline-3ihiiesqpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-dihedral-angle-distributionp-f-for-a-crn-k1-b-pc-2ckr0hto.png FIG. 4. The dihedral angle distributionP(f) for: ~a! CRN-K1, ~b! PC-K1, ~c! PC-K1.5, and~d! PC-K2. The increasing MRO is reflected in the heig of the peak atf;60°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dihedral-difference-correlation-functioncd-f12f2-for-a-3s0og826.png FIG. 5. Dihedral difference correlation functionCd(f12f2) for: ~a! CRNK1, ~b! PC-K1,~c! PC-K1.5, and~d! PC-K2. The light line is the calculated value and the dark line is the expectation for uncorrelated dihedral an calculated from Eq.~2!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dihedral-sum-correlation-functioncs-f11f2-for-a-crn-k1-wbd7s6y8.png FIG. 6. Dihedral sum correlation functionCs(f11f2) for: ~a! CRN-K1, ~b! PC-K1, ~c! PC-K1.5, and~d! PC-K2. The light line is the calculated value and the dark line is the expectation for uncorrelated dihedral angles ca lated from Eq.~1!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-phase-quotientqs-v-of-the-vibrational-modes-of-2or3ffan.png FIG. 13. The phase quotientqS(v) of the vibrational modes of the SW PC models. The vertical dashed lines mark the position of the band edges https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-participation-ratiopc-v-of-the-vibrational-modes-27bhgiw0.png FIG. 11. The participation ratiopc(v) of the vibrational modes of the SW PC models. The vertical dashed lines mark the position of the band ed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-stretching-characters-v-of-the-vibrational-modes-2luuyjij.png FIG. 12. The stretching characterS(v) of the vibrational modes of the SW PC models. The vertical dashed lines mark the position of the band ed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-the-edos-of-crn-k1-after-annealing-and-quenching-with-1vqxp5rs.png FIG. 17. The EDOS of CRN-K1 after annealing and quenching with ‘‘E trelle’’ ~solid line!, a WWW-method CRN~long dashed line!, and an ART CRN ~Ref. 47! ~dot-dashed line!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-various-measures-of-short-range-order-in-the-models-1zw4fm1k.png TABLE I. Various measures of short range order in the models as-generated: the average bond anglū, the bond angle standard deviationDu, andDn , the percentage of atoms with first-neighbor coordinationn. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-site-evolution-of-iron-oxide-catalyst-3tl5l003x8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surface-area-and-co-chemisorption-results-after-1-h-hevh32lp.png TABLE 2: Surface Area and CO Chemisorption Results after 1 h FTS Reactions; (Fe Carbide Concentrations Obtained from in Situ XAS and CH4 Formation Rates from Transient Experiments, after 5 h FTS Reactions) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absorption-edge-energies-for-fe-compounds-with-known-1hxyn7yp.png TABLE 1: Absorption Edge Energies for Fe Compounds with Known Structure and Oxidation State https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-evolution-of-fe-k-oxide-with-time-on-stream-oygdjrlt.png Figure 8. Phase evolution of Fe-K oxide with time on stream after exposure to synthesis gas at 523 K (1 mg of precipitated Fe2O3, K/Fe ) 0.02, H2/CO ) 2, synthesis gas flow rate) 107 mol/g-atom Fe-h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-situ-fe-k-edge-xanes-spectra-for-fe-oxide-in-co-bhftjsgw.png Figure 3. In situ Fe K-edge XANES spectra for Fe oxide in CO as a function of temperature (1 mg of precipitated Fe2O3, CO flow rate) 107 mol/g-atom Fe-h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-fe-k-edge-x-ray-absorption-spectra-for-2ik14z1t.png Figure 2. Normalized Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectra for Fe oxides and carbide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-situ-fe-k-edge-spectra-of-fe-k-cu-oxides-in-2huu5spi.png Figure 5. In situ Fe K-edge spectra of Fe-K-Cu oxides in synthesis gas at 523 K for 5 h (1 mg ofprecipitated Fe2O3, H2/CO ) 2, synthesis gas flow rate) 107 mol/g-atom Fe-h). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-evolution-of-fe2o3-with-time-on-stream-after-uumvwhcl.png Figure 6. Phase evolution of Fe2O3 with time on stream after exposure to synthesis gas at 523 K (1 mg of precipitated Fe2O3, H2/CO ) 2, synthesis gas flow rate) 107 mol/g-atom Fe-h). https://scispace.com/papers/structure-directing-role-of-immobilized-polyoxometalates-in-2k35yrbm5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-a-stepwise-increase-of-the-amount-of-pw12-in-38zuk8gx.png Fig. 3 Impact of a stepwise increase of the amount of PW12 in the synthesis medium of PW12@Zr6-TCPP-Fe-120 on its (a) PXRD and (b) IR spectra where black dashed lines indicate bands characteristic of PW12 while the red dashed line indicates a band of the MOF host. (c) Evolution of the ratio between the intensities of A and B bands (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synthetic-routes-adopted-for-zr6-tcpp-fe-and-pw12-zr6-3fmb3g56.png Fig. 2 Synthetic routes adopted for Zr6-TCPP-Fe and PW12@Zr6-TCPP-Fe. The non-metallated compounds are isolated with similar procedures (see ESI†). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-most-likely-positioning-of-the-pom-inside-the-hybrid-3u04ncpu.png Fig. 5 Most likely positioning of the POM inside the hybrid framework obtained by DFT calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-three-porphyrinic-zr6-tccp-based-mofs-encountered-qf9hi5pb.png Fig. 1 The three porphyrinic Zr6-TCCP-based MOFs encountered in this study. MOF-525 and PCN-224 exhibit cubic cavities, PCN-224 being described as a MOF-525 with missing linkers. MOF-545 possesses hexagonal channels. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-learning-in-a-bayesian-network-based-video-58i42xxqti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dbn-model-for-commercial-detection-3jbsd0f9.png Fig. 2. DBN Model for Commercial Detection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-static-structure-of-the-dbn-model-t0bgoc2s.png Fig. 1. Static structure of the DBN model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-the-contribution-of-structure-learning-3ge3u62k.png Table 1. Evaluation of the contribution of structure learning in building a Bayesian network for commercial detection. (a) without the silence/monochrome feature, (b) with the silence/monochrome feature. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-property-relationships-in-metal-organic-frameworks-ix1fv1aki3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-excess-and-pressure-of-materials-38q3mt2h.png Table 1. Maximum excess and pressure of materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-excess-hydrogen-isotherms-for-the-mil-family-materials-1jjqfmr3.png Fig 3. Excess hydrogen isotherms for the MIL family materials at 77 K. Open symbols represent the desorption isotherms for each material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-maximum-excess-capacity-of-mofs-at-77-k-vs-total-pore-384nffwh.png Fig 7. Maximum excess capacity of MOFs at 77 K vs total pore volume (HK, Gurvitch, Single crystal and Cerius2 methodologies from experiments and literature used). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-maximum-excess-capacity-of-mofs-at-77-k-vs-microporous-v3p5liix.png Fig 6. Maximum excess capacity of MOFs at 77 K vs microporous pore volume using the DR method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-total-hydrogen-capacity-vs-total-pore-volume-hk-2y8z9jb2.png Fig 10. Total hydrogen capacity vs total pore volume (HK, Gurvitch, Single crystal and Cerius2 methodologies used). Error bars correspond to the standard error of the product of ρA * Vp to yield total capacity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maximum-excess-capacity-of-mofs-at-77-k-vs-bet-surface-3l0vpcl4.png Fig 5. Maximum excess capacity of MOFs at 77 K vs BET surface area (N2 at 77 K) in 1000 m2 g-1. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation obtained from the BET calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excess-hydrogen-isotherms-for-the-irmof-family-of-rs2gayk2.png Fig 1. Excess hydrogen isotherms for the IRMOF family of materials at 77 K. Open symbols represent the desorption isotherms for each material. Data for IRMOF-6, IRMOF-11, IRMOF-20 and IRMOF-62 were taken from literature [20, 35]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excess-hydrogen-isotherms-for-the-zif-family-of-2czum0ov.png Fig 2. Excess hydrogen isotherms for the ZIF family of materials at 77 K. Open symbols represent the desorption isotherms for each material. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-velocity-distributions-in-shock-waves-in-4mify3z6ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-histograms-of-u-and-v-normalized-by-the-mean-1lfcgfyn.png FIG. 5. (a) Histograms of u and v, normalized by the mean velocity of the supersonic stream V1 in region (B). The different symbols represent the histograms of v for all particles (red), for supersonic particles only (green), u (blue), and v (black) without the contribution of intermediate particles with 1 collision. Note that subtracting the contribution of the supersonic particles and that from intermediate particles render the histograms of v closer to that of u by suppressing an important proportion of intermediate particles. The subtraction of the contribution from intermediate particles to the PDF of u does not change its shape visibly (e = 1.5 mm, φ∗1 = 0.007, V1 = 1.1 m/s, and M ∼ 30). While in (a) we have subtracted the contribution of the histogram of the full intermediate particle population (for 1 collision), (b)–(e) show that the histograms of this intermediate population (black symbols) obtained in region (B) are well approximated by the histograms of particle velocities obtained just after a single collision (blue symbols). (b) e = 2 mm, φ∗1 = 0.022, V1 = 1.5 m/s. (c) e = 2 mm, φ∗1 = 0.004, V1 = 1.5 m/s. (d) e = 1.5 mm, φ∗1 = 0.007, V1 = 1.1 m/s. (e) e = 4 mm, φ∗1 = 0.007, V1 = 1.5 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-pdfs-of-v-for-a-ph1-ph-1-0-45-and-b-ph1-2w0atm0u.png FIG. 8. Experimental PDFs of v for (a) φ1/φ∗1 = 0.45 and (b) φ1/φ∗1 = 0.27 in the vibrated granular gas at Ma = 6 with the decomposition into the supersonic particles, the subsonic particles, and the intermediate particles. (c), (d) the same at Ma = 14. Note that the subsonic population PDF has a peak at a nonzero velocity given by V2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-photographs-of-the-displacement-of-a-rectangular-1oey09b6.png FIG. 7. (a) Photographs of the displacement of a rectangular obstacle (with a velocity Vobs = 80 cm/s) in a vibrated granular gas for φ∗1 ∼ 0.07 and Ma ∼ 8. The photographs are taken using reflection from a broad white light source. The contrast is increased to highlight the steel beads. The photographs show the accumulation of particles in the shock front induced by the displacement of the obstacle, which appears light gray in the left part of the image. The obstacle moves from left to right. In the reference frame of the shock front, the supersonic stream is from right to left. (b) Volume fraction profile φtot with PDFs of particle velocities in the reference frame of the shock front, in the three different regions shown in the insets, in a vibrated granular gas for φ∗1 ∼ 0.07 and Ma ∼ 8. The particle density is large near the obstacle and decreases as the distance to the obstacle increases. Note that this profile is only plotted in the area where the volume fraction does not reach the maximum value near φMAX, the random close-packing volume fraction. The photograph shows a zoom of the shock front in the vibrated granular gas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-density-profile-in-a-normal-shock-wave-with-pdfs-of-2v7okicb.png FIG. 1. Density profile in a normal shock wave with PDFs of particle velocity in the insets, based on the Mott-Smith theory for Ma = 25. Experimental data in the inset (B) come from Ref. [6]. Note the presence of a significant number of particles with intermediate velocities not accounted for by the Mott-Smith distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-total-volume-fraction-phtot-in-the-shock-front-lnrnsg0y.png FIG. 2. (a) Total volume fraction φtot in the shock front plotted versus the distance y from the obstacle. Note that the particle density is high near the obstacle and decreases as the distance to the obstacle increases. 0 corresponds to the summit of the circular obstacle. Inset: photograph of the shock front induced around a circular obstacle. The yellow rectangle indicates the study area (b), where φtot is measured. (a), (b), e = 2 mm, φ∗1 = 0.015, V1 = 1.4 m/s, and Ma ∼ 60. (b) Photograph of the shock front around a circular obstacle in the study area, shown in the inset of (a). Here the obstacle is at the bottom of the image and is light gray while the particles appear as dark disks with a small bright spot near the middle. Yellow arrows indicate particle velocities. Both photographs [inset in (a) and (b)] are taken using reflection from a broad white light source. (c) Representation of 50 particle paths, with one highlighted in bold, in a normal shock front in a granular flow around a circular obstacle. (d) Histograms of v (black) and u (red), respectively, longitudinal and transverse velocities normalized by the mean velocity of the supersonic stream V1 in three different regions: the initial stream (A), the shock front (B), and near the obstacle (C). Note the presence of intermediate velocity particles in region (B). (c), (d), e = 1.5 mm, φ∗1 = 0.007, V1 = 1.1 m/s, and M ∼ 30. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-b-experimental-measurements-from-ref-6-for-ph1-ph-1-hlp34qbh.png FIG. 9. (a), (b) Experimental measurements from Ref. [6] for φ1/φ ∗ 1 = 0.46 and φ1/φ∗1 = 0.13 at M = 25 with the PDFs from Mott-Smith theory and our three-population model. (c), (d) The same from Ref. [5] at Ma = 7.18. (e), (f) The same from Ref. [27] at Ma = 9. Note that the subsonic population PDF has a peak at a nonzero velocity given by V2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-velocity-pdfs-experimental-data-and-the-model-for-two-h72fvxyr.png FIG. 6. Velocity PDFs: experimental data and the model for two different y positions. Green lines are fits with first-generation intermediate particles, and red lines with first- and second-generation intermediate particles. In order to improve visibility, the PDF for y/λ = 0.26 is rescaled by a factor 1/30. (e = 1.5 mm, φ∗1 = 0.007, V1 = 1.1 m/s, and M ∼ 30). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pdfs-of-v-obtained-just-after-1-2-or-3-collisions-25im6yy1.png FIG. 4. PDFs of v obtained just after 1, 2, or 3 collisions along with the PDFs of u and v from which the contribution of the supersonic as well as the histograms of particles after 1 or 2 collisions has been subtracted. Note the isotropy of the velocity once this subtraction is carried out. The PDFs of the subsonic particles will be identified with these latter distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/structuring-expert-input-for-a-knowledge-based-approach-to-t0cbgh01g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fuzzy-evaluation-function-for-water-temperature-31eh6qei.png Fig. 3 Fuzzy evaluation function for water temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indicators-available-for-assessing-watershed-1nup5mmn.png Table 2 Indicators available for assessing watershed condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-northwest-forest-plan-aquatic-province-map-10mi1uro.png Fig. 1 Northwest forest plan aquatic province map https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pilot-model-structures-at-the-watershed-and-reach-3uwf0wt7.png Fig. 2 Pilot model structures at the watershed and reach scales https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-watershed-condition-scores-produced-for-the-250-1whme79f.png Fig. 5 Watershed condition scores produced for the 250 randomly selected watersheds in the plan area https://scispace.com/papers/structuring-of-larval-fish-assemblages-along-a-coastal-1gwguszq77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sea-surface-temperature-and-b-sea-surface-clk9421j.png Figure 2: a) Sea surface temperature and b) sea surface chlorophyll-a off the Kimberley coast, eastern Indian Ocean during early May 2010 (first available cloud-free imagery). Geostrophic currents derived from satellite altimetry are shown by black arrows but should be viewed with caution over the macro-tidal Kimberley shelf. Black line indicates Transects A and C, repeated during spring and neap tide, respectively. The black dots indicate an extension of transects into King Sound. (Source: www.oceancurrent.imos.org.au/). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-across-the-0-150-m-water-column-for-a-1ymscqeo.png Table 1. Mean values across the 0 - 150 m water column for a suite of environmental variables that were measured concurrently with the collection of larval fishes at specific isobaths / locations off the Kimberley, eastern Indian Ocean in April-May 2010. Standard error values are given in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-location-of-sampling-stations-occupied-off-3lbqc614.png Figure 1. a) The location of sampling stations occupied off the Kimberley coast, eastern Indian Ocean in April-May 2010. The grey circles represent stations that were occupied for only 2 h and the black circles represent stations that were occupied for 12 h over a complete tidal cycle (subsequent tide). Note: A and C represent the same transect that was surveyed during both the spring (transect A) and neap (transect C) tides. b) Tidal height data for Broome corresponding with the study period and an indication of when each transect was sampled. https://scispace.com/papers/student-demographics-teacher-sorting-and-teacher-quality-5bar1c27ip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1ufqb034.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yn2a6t3g.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2981tkok.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-22kxquv9.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ha5a0qse.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3q4yluii.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-i0cdkykj.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hkb8k4ht.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/students-evaluation-of-digital-information-the-role-teachers-2gy8n56j0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-model-of-the-hypothesized-relationship-between-ps87ucjw.png Figure 1: A model of the hypothesized relationship between teachers’ use of ICT, ICT selfefficacy for instructional purposes, collegial collaboration and fostering students’ evaluation of digital information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-medians-skewness-kurtosis-1qwqxfqj.png Table 2 Means, standard deviations, medians, skewness, kurtosis, and factor loadings for all items of the administered scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hypothesised-relations-between-teachers-use-of-ict-3iydfj8x.png Table 1 Hypothesised relations between teachers’ use of ICT, ICT self-efficacy for instructional purposes, collegial collaboration and fostering students’ evaluation of digital information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-teachers-use-of-ict-ict-1d9z0wqv.png Figure 2: The relationship between teachers’ use of ICT, ICT self-efficacy for instructional purposes, collegial collaboration and fostering students’ evaluation of digital information (** p < .01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-for-all-constructs-and-gender-3e6gbkjh.png Table 4 Correlation matrix for all constructs and gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gender-age-and-teachers-agree-about-fostering-1xltpyvx.png Table 3 Gender, age and teachers agree about fostering students’ evaluation of digital information https://scispace.com/papers/students-geometric-thinking-with-cube-representations-1bqigghat7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relationship-between-q2-and-q3-g7-zn95tyhg.png Table 6: Relationship between Q2-② and Q3, G7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relationship-between-q2-and-q3-g9-euhmk218.png Table 8: Relationship between Q2-② and Q3, G9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relationship-between-q2-and-q3-g8-2yhn8q9j.png Table 7: Relationship between Q2-② and Q3, G8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-assessment-categories-3jtruoq2.png Figure 6: Assessment categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-students-initial-answers-to-the-problem-326g1gw5.png Table 12: Students’ initial answers to the problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cutting-the-face-directly-3ve31988.png Figure 9: Cutting the face directly https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-q2-results-1emeld2a.png Table 4: Q2-② results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-q1-results-2o7pfsbf.png Table 2: Q1 results https://scispace.com/papers/studien-uber-die-skandinavischen-und-arktischen-maldaniden-4zj61dumpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-350-hintere-haarborste-vom-8-borstensegm-300-1-2xw9pyxk.png Fig. 350. Hintere Haarborste vom 8. Borstensegm. 300 : 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-297-hakenborste-vom-1-borstensegm-1-635-1-gullmarfjord-qx23lg8y.png Fig. 297. Hakenborste vom 1. Borstensegm. (1.). 635 : 1. Gullmarfjord. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-6-9-10-borsteusegm-von-oben-drusen-und-zum-teil-19w1ts4e.png Fig. 9. 6.— 9.(— 10.) Borsteusegm., von oben ; Drüsen und zum Teil natürliche Färbung. 12,5:1. Nördlich von Lysekil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-191-vorderteil-drusen-75-1-2hhuefb6.png Fig. 191. Vorderteil; Drüsen. 7,5:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-208-stachep-vom-2-borstensegm-i-480-1-76-36-35rsct9r.png Fig. 208. StacheP) vom 2. Borstensegm. (I.-)). 480:1. 76" 36' https://scispace.com/figures/fig-222-hakenborste-6-vom-6-borstensegm-r-730-1-1h94wih3.png Fig. 222. Hakenborste (6.) vom 6. Borstensegm. (r.). 730 : 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-97-ungefahr-3-deutlich-kurzere-girren-sind-dreieckig-hj7ttov4.png Fig. 97 ungefähr 3 deutlich kürzere) Girren sind dreieckig. Ihre Anzahl nimmt deutlich im Zusammenhang mit dem Wachstum zu; vgl. im Folgenden. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-364-vordere-haarborste-vom-2-borsteilsegm-765-1-z7lhfg36.png Fig. 364. Vordere Haarborste vom 2. BorsteiLsegm. 765 : 1. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-light-neutron-excess-nuclei-from-bounds-to-3u3o5caxbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ratio-of-the-total-monopole-strength-and-the-3v294vnl.png Table 1. The ratio of the total monopole strength and the single particle strength in the 0p-shell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-energy-spectra-of-10be-jp-0-the-threshold-energies-t4iduon8.png Fig. 2. (a) Energy spectra of 10Be (Jπ=0+). The threshold energies of the α+6Heg.s. channel is taken to be the origins. The dotted curve at the right part represents the reaction probability for the central collision of α+6Heg.s.. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-spectra-classifie-by-the-excitation-mode-jp-0-31tres3h.png Fig. 1. Energy spectra classifie by the excitation mode (Jπ=0+). See text for details. The threshold energies of the α emission is taken to be the origins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-same-figur-as-fig-2-but-for-14be-see-test-for-hd9vrifn.png Fig. 3. The same figur as Fig. 2 but for 14Be. See test for details. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-of-dispersion-energy-in-hydrogen-bonded-systems-h2o-3z7wu1fwwk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dispersion-energy-in-hlo-hf-as-a-function-of-relative-3c6gqf1o.png FIG. 6. Dispersion energy in HlO-HF as a function of relative orientation a. R IOF) is held fixed at 2.68 A. The dashed curve refers to the HartreeFock interaction energy, the scale of which is on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-equilibrium-values-of-hf-interaction-and-3lshkl6l.png TABLE III. The equilibrium values of HF interaction and dispersion (MP2, MP3) energies derived with (DZ + 2P) basis sets; M( 10) values added for comparison. All entries in A and kca1/mol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dispersion-energy-for-h20-hoh-for-both-h-20-units-f10h-1tauw460.png FIG. 1. Dispersion energy for H20-HOH. For both H 20 units, f10H) = 0.957 A, 8 (HOH) = 104.5 '. The complex belongs to the C, point group with an angle of 120' between the 0-0 axis and the bisector of the left-hand water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dispersion-energy-for-c-3v-complex-ofh3n-hf-rjnh-1-012-1l1ls2a3.png FIG. 4. Dispersion energy for C 3V complex ofH3N-HF. rjNH) = 1.012 A, rjHF) = 0.92 A. The internal 8 IHNH) angle is 106.5 '. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-dispersion-energy-for-c-complex-of-h20-hf-1nh8r66w.png FIG. 3. Calculated dispersion energy for C, complex of H20-HF. f10H) = 0.957 A, 8 (HOH) = 104.5 ',f1FH) = 0.921 A. The intermolecular orientation is such that 8 (HFO) = 2.5' and the HOH bisector makes an angle of 136.9' with the O-Faxis. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-5-illustrate-the-dependence-of-the-dispersion-1xb3wshp.png Figures 1-5 illustrate the dependence of the dispersion energy upon the distance between molecules. We begin our https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dispersion-energy-for-ih20h-vp-and-mp2-values-2al5zbn9.png FIG. 2. Dispersion energy for IH20h. VP and MP2 values calculated with identical basis sets. DAMPI and DAMP2 results were obtained using Eqs. (3H5) and respective values of; = 0.949 and; = 1.344. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dispersion-energies-calculated-for-hf-hf-26eadotz.png TABLE II. Dispersion energies' calculated for HF-HF. https://scispace.com/papers/study-based-on-the-numerical-simulation-of-a-5-kv-4eza5v4pic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ideal-breakdown-voltage-for-a-pt-structure-as-a-k714goi1.png Fig. 1: Ideal breakdown voltage for a PT structure as a function of doping and blocking layer thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-application-circuit-and-pulse-current-1yuwry7n.png Fig. 6: Application circuit and pulse current https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-breakdown-voltage-versus-doping-level-for-a-depth-of-3vgoxpzr.png Fig. 4: Breakdown voltage versus doping level for a depth of the JTE "W" equals to 0.4 ,0.7 and 1 µm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-description-of-the-mesa-1yblq0xc.png Fig. 3 : Description of the Mesa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-cross-section-of-the-asymmetrical-5-kv-z0eal8ku.png Fig. 2 : Schematic cross-section of the asymmetrical 5 kV thyristor half cell. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-atmospheric-aerosols-and-mixing-layer-by-lidar-2fmtwt3jmt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-summer-case-16-july-2007-of-aerosol-3caktpmv.png Figure 2. Typical summer case (16 July 2007) of aerosol distribution at Milan. Upper panel: LIDAR RCS (contour plot), relevant main aerosol layers (white stars) and MLH estimation (black line connected, white stars) compared with the MLH as derived from BB-OPC (black diamonds) and predicted by the MM5 model (white line connected, bullets); bottom panel: ground wind speed (full line) and direction (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aerosol-extinction-profile-at-855-nm-as-retrieved-1wnhvtuv.png Figure 1. Aerosol extinction profile (at 855 nm) as retrieved in Milan by LIDAR (dashed line) and derived from BB-OPC size distribution data (solid line). LIDAR data were averaged over 1 h. Data refer to Grimm-Vaisala comparison 20 July 2007, 7:55 UTC. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-board-level-noise-filters-to-prevent-transient-hglm638o1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-three-types-of-noise-filter-networks-a-capacitor-78379vge.png Fig. 5. Three types of noise filter networks: (a) capacitor filter, (b) LC-like filter, and (c) -section filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-relations-between-the-decoupling-capacitance-and-2lclxo54.png Fig. 6. The relations between the decoupling capacitance and the TLU level of SCR under three types of noise filter networks: capacitor filter, LC-like filter, and -section filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-measured-vdd-and-idd-transient-responses-of-the-2jy8s0qk.png Fig. 4. The measured VDD and IDD transient responses of the SCR with VCharge of (a) -2V and (b) -7V. Both cases have no noise filter network between TLU-triggering source and the SCR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-component-level-tlu-measurement-setup-with-bipolar-38mjyr3e.png Fig. 3. A component-level TLU measurement setup with bipolar trigger waveform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-relations-among-the-tlu-level-of-scr-minimum-3lxwpun8.png Fig. 8. The relations among the TLU level of SCR, minimum impedance of ferrite bead at 25MHz, and the breakdown voltage of TVS under four types of noise filter networks: ferrite bead, TVS, hybrid type I, and hybrid type II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-four-other-types-of-noise-filter-networks-a-ferrite-3czzd9c1.png Fig. 7. Four other types of noise filter networks: (a) ferrite bead, (b) TVS, (c) hybrid type I, and (d) hybrid type II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-measured-vdd-transient-waveform-on-one-of-cmos-ics-3bdfelnz.png Fig. 1. The measured VDD transient waveform on one of CMOS ICs inside the EUT during ESD zapping on the HCP with ESD voltage of -1000V. The inset figure shows the measurement setup of the system-level ESD test with indirect contact-discharge test mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-device-cross-sectional-view-and-b-layout-top-view-of-czbcqlos.png Fig. 2. (a) Device cross-sectional view, and (b) layout top view, of the SCR structure for TLU measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-hydrophobic-and-ionizable-hydrophilic-copolymers-at-2j8z9iki5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-a-snapshot-of-the-interfacial-region-for-two-afryxcdd.png Figure 4: Left: A snapshot of the interfacial region for two entangled liquid polymer films of length N=500 after interpenetrating for 2x106 and a primitive path representation of the same interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reflectometry-studies-of-protonated-polystyrene-z9vvlvwl.png Figure 2. Reflectometry studies of protonated polystyrene Mw170k hPS diffusing into a 140k dPS at 107oC (left). On the right, the polymer profiles derived from the reflectometry studies are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-isomeric-states-in-198-200-202-206-pb-and-206-hg-qlo1vpwgsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-partial-decay-scheme-of-isomeric-states-in-200pb-1urnvqrq.png Figure 8. Partial decay scheme of isomeric states in 200Pb measured in the present work. Half-life values are the adopted values from this analysis and previous experiments, with the exception of the Iπ = 7− half-life, which is the one available in the literature [47]. The widths of the arrows correspond to the relative yield observed in the present isomer study (cf. Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-between-experimental-exp-63-and-1hj96v3e.png Figure 12. Comparison between experimental (‘exp’) [63] and predicted (’pbpop’, ‘khhe’) decay schemes of 204Pb starting from the 19− isomer. Isomeric states are indicated by thick horizontal lines. All states are labelled with spin and parity, selected ones also with their excitation energy in keV. The main experimental γ-ray cascade is included for reference. Both ‘pbpop’ and the ‘khhe default’ calculations are normalized to the 0+ ground state, the other ‘khhe’ schemes are presented relative to the ‘default’ ground state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-experimental-exp-37-and-3j99bgvp.png Figure 11. Comparison between experimental (‘exp’) [37] and predicted (’pbpop’, ‘khhe’) decay schemes of 206Pb starting from the 12+ isomer. Isomeric states are indicated by thick horizontal lines. All states are labelled with spin and parity, selected ones also with their excitation energy in keV. The main experimental γ-ray cascade is included for reference. Both ‘pbpop’ and the ‘khhe default’ calculations are normalized to the 0+ ground state, the other ‘khhe’ schemes are presented relative to the ‘default’ ground state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-partial-decay-scheme-of-two-isomeric-states-in-zelvv1ru.png Figure 4. Partial decay scheme of two isomeric states in 206Pb measured in the present work. Half-life values are the adopted values from this analysis and previous experiments. The widths of the arrows correspond to the relative yield observed in the present isomer study (cf. Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-isomeric-ratios-of-the-12-left-column-and-7-right-2dabfbfj.png Figure 16. Isomeric ratios of the 12+ (left column) and 7− (right column) isomeric states in 206Pb (top row) and 198Pb (bottom row) as function of the longitudinal momentum of the ions measured at the intermediate focal plane of the fragment separator. Note that the momentum distribution for the 7− state in 206Pb is obtained by excluding the feeding from the 12+ state. Horizontal lines denote the value of zero isomeric ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-between-experimental-exp-48-and-ep8k4dvl.png Figure 15. Comparison between experimental (‘exp’) [48] and predicted (’pbpop’, ‘khhe’) decay schemes of 198Pb starting from the (12)+ isomer. Isomeric states are indicated by thick horizontal lines. All states are labelled with spin and parity, selected ones also with their excitation energy in keV. The main experimental γ-ray cascade is included for reference. The ’pbpop default’ calculation is normalized to the 0+ ground state, ‘pbpop-10’ is presented relative to that, and the ‘+2p-2h’ prediction aligned to the latter. The ’khhe tr-f10M” decay scheme is normalized to the experimental (9)− isomer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-quantities-relevant-for-the-observed-1x3axusz.png Table 1. Summary of quantities relevant for the observed isomeric states. Isotope, spin and parity, Iπ , half-live values, T1/2, from the present analysis and adopted, associated γ rays, Eγ , and isomeric ratios, Rexp, are listed. For the corresponding decay schemes, see Figs. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-partial-decay-scheme-of-isomeric-states-in-198pb-2v1fwqzb.png Figure 10. Partial decay scheme of isomeric states in 198Pb measured in the present work. Half-life values of Iπ = (12)+ and Iπ = (7)− are the adopted values from this analysis and previous experiments, whereas the ones regarding the levels Iπ = (9)− and Iπ = (5)− are literature values [48]. The widths of the arrows correspond to the relative yield observed in the present isomer study (cf. Table 1). https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-properties-of-doxorubicin-resistant-cells-4ckzq265n4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-local-points-of-force-apposition-on-cell-surface-lm62su62.png Fig. 1 Local points of force apposition on cell surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-fraction-of-doxorubicin-resistant-cells-from-306abyvd.png Fig. 3 The fraction of doxorubicin-resistant cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leucosis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fraction-of-doxorubicin-resistant-cells-from-2tagc8wb.png Fig. 2 The fraction of doxorubicin-resistant cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leucosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-value-of-the-surface-potential-mv-of-the-1wi1dtbw.png Table 1 The value of the surface potential (mV) of the doxorubicin-resistance cells https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-elastic-properties-of-the-doxorubicin-resistance-3jco42lt.png Table 2 The elastic properties of the doxorubicin-resistance cells (μPa) https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-western-edge-of-the-african-large-low-shear-xfd8hlrxhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-the-observed-sv-components-black-for-3jc7d4b9.png Figure 11. Comparison of the observed SV components (black) for event C and synthetics (red) generated by model (a) SMWA with Vs¼ 3.5% and (b) S40RTS with bottom 1000 km enhanced by a factor of two. The model SMWA predicted the extra St arrivals (blue dash lines) as well as the general travel times and waveforms across the whole distance range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-sensitivity-tests-for-models-with-different-2z26c7jy.png Figure 15. Sensitivity tests for models with different transition thicknesses across the top of the model SMWA. (a) The 1-D profiles across three different models. (b) Three representative thicknesses (0, 150, and 300 km) are tested. (c) The data are displayed with (d) synthetics. To produce observed waveforms requires a relatively sharp top with velocity gradient larger than 3.5% per 200 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mpd-patterns-for-a-sks-and-b-sv-radial-component-11rxcisj.png Figure 4. MPD patterns for (a) SKS and (b) SV (radial component) for event C from the South Sandwich Islands (Figure 1b). The S phase displays strong multipathing for stations in western Spain (red colors). However, the SKS phase shows no obvious multipathing effects. As shown in Figure 2, the ray paths of SKS and S are nearly identical in the upper mantle, therefore we conclude that the strong multipathing displayed for the S waveforms is caused by structure in the lower mantle. The black arrows indicate the average direction of the ray paths to the array. The magenta rectangles outline the Betics region with large LR (red color) and delayed T for both SKS and SV, which correlates with the subducted Alboran slab in the upper mantle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-schematic-model-of-ray-paths-for-s-and-st-at-a-1p6dcvss.png Figure 10. Schematic model of ray paths for S and St at a distance of 95 . The gray shaded area represents the model SMWA. The S ray path samples inside of the slow anomaly and the St ray travels through the region at top of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-a-sh-and-b-ssh-data-for-event-b-2jz9xrix.png Figure 9. Comparison of the (a) SH and (b) sSH data for event B and synthetics using the SMWA model with Vs¼ 3.5%. The data are stacked over 1.5 distance intervals and aligned on the S arrivals. The original data are displayed in Figure S5. The 2-D synthetics reproduce the extra arrivals for phase St, which are caused by multipathing effects when rays pass through the sharp top in the model SMWA. Two gray shaded regions, M1 and M2, emphasize the distance ranges with strongly distorted waveforms and are shown in map view in Figure 3a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-predictions-of-the-travel-times-for-models-with-1jypzzye.png Figure 14. Predictions of the travel times for models with different heights of AL1. Measurements for S, SKS, and SSKS differential travel time as compared to PREM for event C. The symbols are color-coded by different azimuths. Black lines indicate the predicted travel times for model SMWA. Blue lines represent prediction from a model with the height of AL1 elevated by 40 km. Magenta lines are for a model with the height suppressed by 40 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-map-of-broadband-seismic-stations-used-pivuosg5.png Figure 1. (a) Location map of broadband seismic stations used in this study. Red inverted triangles denote the PICASSO array. Blue triangles denote stations from the IberArray. The orange triangles are CoMITAC array and Munster-Morocco array. Yellow circles are stations of French Broadband Seismological Network. Red and green squares are stations denote LX and PM stations at Portugal. (b) The locations of the events used here (red stars) and the great circle paths to the array are depicted by black lines. The tomographic model S40RTS [Ritsema et al., 2011] is plotted for the bottom of the mantle. Note the rays sample the western edge of LLSVP in the tomographic models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-the-data-for-event-c-and-the-3-d-3nse22dq.png Figure 13. Comparison of the data for event C and the 3-D synthetics for the model shown in Figure 12. (a) The MPD patterns for data and 3-D synthetics. (b) Examples of waveforms for (left) data and (right) synthetics at distance range of 95–97 . The waveforms are plotted by azimuth and are aligned on S arrivals as indicated by red dashed lines. The traces in Figure 13b are color-coded by epicentral distance. The 3-D synthetics predict the azimuthal variation at different distances quite well. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-uo-sub-2-wafer-fuel-for-very-high-power-research-49je133f3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-1a4zlq33.png Table V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-hollow-cylindrical-fuel-and-cladding-2d1zdw68.png Fig. 3. Schematic of Hollow Cylindrical Fuel and Cladding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fuel-failure-curves-for-four-caramel-fuel-designs-25qbr20z.png Fig. 7. Fuel Failure Curves for Four Caramel Fuel Designs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fuel-failure-curve-for-the-1-45-mm-wafer-design-3osmu47r.png Fig. 9. Fuel Failure Curve for the 1.45-mm Wafer Design, https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-3k19qwbn.png Table III https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-2ytu2uot.png Table IV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-thin-plate-type-fuel-and-cladding-jtx4d683.png Fig. 2. Schematic of Thin Plate-type Fuel and Cladding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-a-thin-plate-of-thickness-2c-b-cross-section-of-a-zo1dsvux.png Fig. 5. (a) A Thin Plate of Thickness 2c; (b) Cross Section of a Thin Cylindrical Shell with r. = a and r = b. https://scispace.com/papers/study-on-and-development-of-the-information-system-for-40itgl5pcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-qmas-ras-authentication-institution-subsystem-2imjyws0.png Figure 2 QMAS RAS authentication institution subsystem function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-whole-design-structure-d5waf2bo.png Figure. 1 system whole design structure https://scispace.com/papers/subcutaneous-microdialysis-probe-coupled-with-glucose-42tek51r9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calibration-curves-of-glucose-with-different-membrane-2raw0qx4.png Fig. 5. Calibration curves of glucose with different membrane length microdialysis probes. Flow-rate = 30 pl/min, T=37”,(a)=4Omm,@)=20mm,(c)=10mm. https://scispace.com/papers/subjective-embodiment-during-the-rubber-hand-illusion-3hn8cnm0f9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-features-of-participants-1qrb4nnm.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical features of participants. Values given as mean (range). YGTSS = Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; PUTS = Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale; YBOCS = Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; ASRS = Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-10-rating-judgements-comprising-the-ownership-1ns8lgji.png Table 2. The 10 rating judgements comprising the ownership, location, and agency dimensions of subjective rubber hand illusion experience (from Longo et al., 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-proprioceptive-drift-during-synchronous-and-17why3ly.png Figure 1. a) Proprioceptive drift during synchronous and asynchronous stimulation in participants with TS (dark blue, light blue) and controls (dark red, light red); b) difference in change in proprioceptive drift with synchronous stimulation between controls (2.73cm, red) and participants with TS (1.24cm, blue). *indicates significant at p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-embodiment-prediction-error-epe-change-in-total-3boqrwbt.png Figure 4. a) Embodiment prediction error (EPE; change in total subjective embodiment ratings minus change in proprioceptive drift) tends to be reversed in participants with TS (- 0.24) compared to controls (0.25) but the difference is not statistically significant; b) Within TS participants, EPE predicts severity of premonitory sensations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlations-between-change-in-subjective-3cbvdzzm.png Figure 3. Correlations between change in subjective embodiment ratings with synchronous stimulation for a) ownership and premonitory sensation severity (PUTS), b) agency and tic severity (YGTSS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-subjective-embodiment-ratings-during-synchronous-1orudhs4.png Figure 2. Subjective embodiment ratings during synchronous and asynchronous stimulation in participants with TS (dark blue, light blue) and controls (dark red, light red), for total ratings, and ownership, location, agency subscales. In both participants with TS and controls, subjective ratings were significantly greater during synchronous than asynchronous stimulation for all scales (see Results). https://scispace.com/papers/subdiffusion-and-lateral-diffusion-coefficient-of-lipid-1lbu4wzegg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-simulated-dmpc-lipid-bilayer-system-1vxbewbm.png FIG. 1. Color online a The simulated DMPC lipid bilayer system. b A DMPC lipid molecule. The atoms whose dynamics is investigated in this work P, CH, and CT are highlighted as black spheres. Figures created using VMD 25 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-self-intermediate-scattering-function-for-p-squares-ch-2kx1h517.png FIG. 5. Self-intermediate scattering function for P squares , CH triangles , and CT open circles atoms for q=1.42 Å−1 top , q=0.75 Å−1 middle , and q=0.5 Å−1 bottom . The solid curves correspond to the Gaussian approximation Eq. 10 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-dependence-of-the-non-gaussian-parameter-2-n-t-45tvev63.png FIG. 6. Time dependence of the non-Gaussian parameter 2 n t for the P square , CT circle , and CH triangle atoms, as well as averaged over all the carbon atoms within the lipid diamond , and calculated for the center of mass solid line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-stretching-exponent-q-and-d-q-from-fits-to-the-2jc7h77i.png FIG. 12. The stretching exponent q and D q from fits to the SISF calculated using the hydrogen atoms in the lipid. The dashed line is =0.45, which was determined from the MSD, see Fig. 9. The solid line is DL-MSD for the center of mass. The inset is a comparison of D q for the phosphorus atoms dashed line and the hydrogen atoms dashed dotted line . https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-diffusion-coefficients-for-dppc-in-the-fluid-phase-3r6bb1gl.png TABLE III. Diffusion coefficients for DPPC in the fluid phase determined by neutron scattering for different time and length scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lateral-mean-square-displacement-of-the-p-squares-ch-308jkj4t.png FIG. 2. Lateral mean-square displacement of the P squares , CH triangles , and CT open circles atoms, along with the center of mass CM of the lipids closed circles . The selected atoms P, CH, and CT are highlighted in Fig. 1. Inset: t = ln rCM t 2 / ln t . The dashed horizontal lines correspond to the ballistic =2 , subdiffusive =0.677 , and Fickian diffusion =1 values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-q-dependence-of-q-circles-and-left-axis-and-d-q-1-2p6nf3vy.png FIG. 8. The q dependence of q circles and left axis and D q =1 / q q2 squares and right axis for the P atoms from fits of Is P q , t to exp − t / q q . The dashed line is =0.6, which was obtained from the MSD. The solid line is the diffusion coefficient DL-MSD calculated from the linear region of the MSD for the phosphorus atom. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-sisf-for-the-ct-atoms-for-two-scattering-275pypav.png FIG. 7. Color online SISF for the CT atoms for two scattering vectors q1=1.42 Å −1 and q2=0.75 Å −1. The dashed curves represent the Gaussian approximation Eq. 10 , the thin-solid curves the non-Gaussian approximation Eq. 8 , and the thick red curves are the exact SISF calculated using Eq. 7 . https://scispace.com/papers/subjective-well-being-and-social-media-use-1hsbvhxymp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-29qyfhwn.png Table 1 Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-facebook-intensity-facebook-jljhw36x.png Table 5 Correlations between Facebook intensity, Facebook social comparison and personality traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-gt1n5yep.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regressions-for-life-satisfaction-3sbnqbxh.png Table 3 OLS regressions for Life Satisfaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regressions-for-eudaimonic-well-being-2oi7gerw.png Table 4 OLS regressions for Eudaimonic Well-being https://scispace.com/papers/subjectivity-in-sovereign-credit-ratings-wv1rwrpool 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-countries-v71gqb5i.png Table 2: Sample countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-subjective-component-in-sovereign-credit-ratings-121y3yef.png Figure 4: Subjective component in sovereign credit ratings per rating class https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-subjective-component-per-rating-class-and-3plj73j3.png Table 8: Average subjective component per rating class and weight of subjectivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-24-moody-s-rating-class-out-of-sample-predictions-1dliyt98.png Table 24: Moody's Rating class out-of-sample predictions % https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-standard-poors-rating-class-out-of-sample-2yc84kuk.png Table 25: Standard Poors' Rating class out-of-sample predictions % https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-subjectivity-over-time-t-tests-on-average-subjective-3lby8uef.png Table 9: Subjectivity over time. t-tests on average subjective component per rating class, 2010 2014, compared to average for two preceding ve-year periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predictive-validity-of-the-competing-models-81d2faxa.png Table 6: Predictive validity of the competing models https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-prediction-accuracy-reported-by-previous-studies-1qctt840.png Table 7: Prediction accuracy reported by previous studies https://scispace.com/papers/sublimation-of-a-vibrated-granular-monolayer-coexistence-of-51yc82hj0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dimensionless-velocity-v-2-fav-of-the-phase-boundaries-3vsqx0ni.png FIG. 4. Dimensionless velocity v= 2 fAv of the phase boundaries as a function of the peak container acceleration in experiment (filled circles) and simulation (open circles). Open squares indicate the mean transport velocity obtained from numerical simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solid-fraction-ls-l0-as-a-function-of-the-peak-1g3o3th4.png FIG. 3. Solid fraction Ls=L0 as a function of the peak container acceleration in experiment (filled circles) and simulation (open squares). Arrows indicate how the system evolves in the hysteresis loops. The inset is a space-time diagram of n (see text for definition) from experiment for the parameters of Fig. 2. Solid regions appear dark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snapshots-through-the-inner-side-wall-of-the-channel-2q4thp2q.png FIG. 2. Snapshots through the inner side wall of the channel cove z t 0 during the downwards motion of the container. Here the sys from top to bottom by 1.72 s (20 cycles) between consecutive snapsh a factor of 4. (f 11:6 Hz, 1:23.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dimensionless-temperature-top-and-number-density-2ijqcerp.png FIG. 5. Dimensionless temperature (top) and number density (bottom) from simulations with purely vertical forcing and 1:40, f 12:53 Hz. The broken line in the lower graph indicates the average number density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-container-and-imaging-system-v0hb2jz3.png FIG. 1. Geometry of the container and imaging system. Directions of basic vertical and rotational oscillations are indicated by arrows. For a description of the driving system see text. https://scispace.com/papers/submergence-of-atlantic-salmon-salmo-salar-l-in-commercial-3mjqqbedo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-swim-bladder-wall-in-atlantic-salmon-salmo-salar-photo-1d7ra14o.png Fig. 1. Swim bladder wall in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). (Photo, Ø. Korsøen). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-schooling-structure-of-farmed-atlantic-xam0jmrh.png Fig. 4. Example of schooling structure of farmed Atlantic salmon (mean weight 4 kg) 36 days after the start of the experiment. A) control cage before feeding, B) control cage during feeding, C) submerged cage before feeding and D) submerged cage during feeding (Korsøen unpublished data). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-swimming-behaviour-at-night-40-in-paper-ii-in-a-3mhn98jq.png Fig. 3. Swimming behaviour at night 40 in Paper II in A) control fish slowly gliding in almost horizontal position, and B) submerged fish. White arrows indicate that the thrust generated by the tilted body has a vertical component to avoid sinking. Particles in the water were sinking rapidly in B, suggesting a vertical water-current that was probably imposed by the downward tail-beat vortexes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inside-the-swim-bladder-of-atlantic-cod-gadus-morhua-1v7u74bs.png Fig. 2. Inside the swim bladder of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). (Photo, Ø. Korsøen). https://scispace.com/papers/submillimeter-imaging-polarimetry-of-the-ngc-7538-region-1wy32rxy9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fcg5n9lb.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ethe-surface-brightness-map-of-the-850-km-continuum-a25chcdy.png FIG. 1.ÈThe surface brightness map of the 850 km continuum emission in the NGC 7538 region. The pixel size is 3@@] 3@@ and the contour spacing is 19.5 mJy pixel~1, starting at 9.75 mJy pixel~1. The dashed lines indicate the level of [9.75 mJy pixel~1. The heavy line indicates the Ðeld of view. Triangles and squares show the positions of infrared sources (Werner et al. 1979) and OH masers (Wynn-Williams, Werner, & Wilson 1974b), respectively. The gray circle with a black cross in the map indicates the one-beam (FWHM) area around IRS 9 in the reference beam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-r6njh7jc.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-a-histogram-of-the-deviations-of-the-magnetic-deld-xz4mv1qr.png FIG. 4.È(a) Histogram of the deviations of the magnetic Ðeld direction from an average of a local magnetic Ðeld in IRS 11(SMM). (b) Same as (a) but in IRS 1(SMM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-a-histogram-of-the-polarization-degrees-in-irs-11-3ee5b4wj.png FIG. 5.È(a) Histogram of the polarization degrees in IRS 11(SMM). (b) Same as (a) but in IRS 1(SMM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-a-histogram-of-the-magnetic-deld-directions-i-e-the-uabwr5t0.png FIG. 3.È(a) Histogram of the magnetic Ðeld directions (i.e., the position angles of 850 km polarization plus 90¡) in IRS 11(SMM). (b) Same as (a) but in IRS 1(SMM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-a-polarization-e-vectors-of-the-850-km-continuum-2vd6tkm1.png FIG. 2.È(a) Polarization E vectors of the 850 km continuum emissions (thick lines) superposed on the surface brightness map shown in Figure 1 (gray scale). In total, 122 data points are plotted. The length of each line is proportional to the polarization degree. (b) Magnetic Ðeld directions derived from the polarization vectors in (a) (black and violet lines) superposed on the distribution of CO(J \ 3È2) high-velocity outÑows obtained by Kameya et al. (1990a) (contours) and the 850 km surface brightness map (gray scale). The black lines indicate Ðeld directions inside the regions where the Ñux density is higher than 10% of the IRS 1(SMM) peak while the violet lines indicate those outside the regions. Only the data shown by black lines are used when the quantitative description of the Ðeld structure is made. The blue and red contours show the distribution of the CO(J \ 3È2) emissions integrated over to [64vlsr\ [74km s~1 and to [44 km s~1, respectively. The gray circle with a black cross in each map indicates the one-beam (FWHM) area around IRS 9 invlsr \[54the reference beam. https://scispace.com/papers/subnational-disparities-in-eu-law-use-exploring-the-geocourt-1o8k8jr3bg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-referral-activity-across-eu-territory-1961-2017-37dmgb6p.png Figure 1: Referral activity across EU territory, 1961-2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-variables-1p93iuut.png Table 2: List of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-negative-binomial-ridge-regression-with-year-country-3skgjayj.png Table 1: Negative binomial ridge regression with year, country and region fixed effects. (Regional variables are in italic.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-share-of-references-from-most-to-least-16c0bjv8.png Figure 2: Cumulative share of references from most to least-referring NUTS-2 regions, 1961-2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regional-breakdown-of-the-data-own4120p.png Table 3: Regional breakdown of the data https://scispace.com/papers/subnational-institutions-and-open-innovation-evidence-from-387fzbjh2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-regression-results-1h26avb5.png Table IV. Regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-21kktkjg.png Table II. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correlation-matrix-18rhuimc.png Table III. Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definitions-and-descriptions-of-variables-nqpmhayt.png Table I Definitions and descriptions of variables https://scispace.com/papers/substance-abuse-treatment-and-motor-vehicle-fatalities-2k2mngltqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-traffic-fatalities-2od99oso.png Table 3 The estimated effect of SAT on traffic fatalities using ordinary least squares https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-traffic-fatalities-3hbaysyr.png Table 4 The estimated effect of SAT on traffic fatalities with state fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-deaths-at-the-scene-3sksx2vc.png Table 10 The estimated effect of SAT on deaths at the scene of accidents with state fixed effects and psychiatrists as an instrument https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-traffic-fatalities-128rkbd5.png Table 9 The estimated effect of SAT on traffic fatalities with state fixed effects and psychiatrists as an instrument https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-traffic-fatalities-3745h1ye.png Table 7 The estimated effect of SAT on traffic fatalities using instrumental variables, with psychiatrists as the instrument https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-first-stage-models-to-predict-sat-services-10c4z3b0.png Table 6 First-stage models to predict SAT services https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-traffic-fatalities-3drepmie.png Table 8 The estimated effect of SAT on traffic fatalities using instrumental variables, with mandate laws as the instruments https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-estimated-effect-of-sat-on-traffic-fatalities-3vyuxypl.png Table 5 The estimated effect of SAT on traffic fatalities with state fixed effects. SAT services separated by outpatient and inpatient. https://scispace.com/papers/subwavelength-microwave-guiding-by-a-periodically-corrugated-3xgmbt091b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-periodically-corrugated-metal-strip-line-v3wgnzkb.png Figure 1. (a) Periodically corrugated metal strip line structure. (b) Dispersion curves for corrugated metal strip lines with two different periods of 0.5 mm and 1mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-experimentally-measured-structure-periodically-2soswfub.png Figure 4. (a) Experimentally measured structure: Periodically corrugated couple metal strip line, (b) experimentally measured data of S parameters with the groove depth d = 0.3w and ā = a/Λ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-coupled-a-periodically-corrugated-metal-strip-181m2ydo.png Figure 2. (a) Coupled a periodically corrugated metal strip line and a conventional strip line. (b) Values S21 of S41 and obtained from the numerical simulation. (c) Values ofobtained from the numerical simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-field-decay-length-as-a-function-of-frequency-b-3pua6b67.png Figure 3. (a) Field decay length as a function of frequency. (b) Dependence of S41 on period Λ. (c) Dependence of S21 on Λ. The length of the coupled strip lines are L = 5 cm. https://scispace.com/papers/success-and-failure-in-the-simulation-of-an-accident-and-308s4e5tlj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-patients-treated-within-target-time-1h4torec.png Figure 3 Proportion of patients treated within target time by arrival time in A&E (0 hours = 00:00 Monday, 168 hours = 24:00 Sunday) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-accident-and-emergency-x-ray-process-map-3imtq1qz.png Figure 1 Accident and Emergency X-ray process map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-staff-utilisation-22o2r7gs.png Figure 4 Staff utilisation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-screen-display-illustrating-input-windows-o7ths3vj.png Figure 5 Screen display illustrating input windows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accident-and-emergency-simulation-model-39b47nt9.png Figure 2 Accident and Emergency simulation model https://scispace.com/papers/subwavelength-photonic-band-gaps-from-planar-fractals-tvkbpq8562 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmission-through-two-stacked-identical-fractal-2uj2og8p.png FIG. 3. Transmission through two stacked identical fractal plates with a 90 rotation with respect to each other. The diamonds and squares denote measured normal transmission through the double stack, with ~E polarized along the x and y-axes, respectively, showing the gaps to be polarization independent. The lines are calculated results for normal incidence (identical for both polarizations). The circles and triangles are transmissions measured with the plates rotated ( ) and tilted ( ) by 30 , respectively, from the normal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-signals-as-a-function-of-frequency-horizontal-axis-33z33pui.png FIG. 2. Signals as a function of frequency (horizontal axis) photographed from the scope of the Spectral Analyzer. Panel (a) shows the amplitude of the transmitted microwave through the fractal due to the primary source. When the secondary current source was turned on and adjusted to be the same frequency of 2.13 GHz, the measured transmission was amplified (b) when they were in phase and diminished (c) when out of phase. The inset on the left is a schematic of the experimental setup. The inset on the right shows FDTD simulations of the transmittance modulation of a y-polarized 6.8 GHz microwave through the 7-level fractal plate, by a central-fed ac current of the same frequency. The magnitude of the modulation is governed by the phase difference (time delay) between the incident microwave and the central-fed current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-calculated-gap-midgap-ratio-as-a-function-of-the-1yjw91jk.png FIG. 4. The calculated gap=midgap ratio as a function of the number of stacking layers for three spectral gaps at 1.6 (square), 4.4 (circle), and 13 (triangle) GHz. The dielectric substrates are 1 mm thick, separated by an air gap of 1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-computer-generated-image-of-a-part-of-the-fractal-12lwd609.png FIG. 1. (a) A computer-generated image of a part of the fractal structure. The white lines corresponds to copper in the real sample. (b) Measured (circles) and calculated (lines) transmittance; and (c) reflectance of a 15-level fractal pattern https://scispace.com/papers/successful-education-of-professionals-for-supporting-future-39xmexn8mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-comparison-of-teaching-paradigms-2h4s8mpz.png Table 9.1 Comparison of Teaching Paradigms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1-educational-game-model-input-synthesis-outcome-1fpfq3i0.png Figure 9.1 Educational Game Model Input-Synthesis-Outcome (Garris et al., 2002) https://scispace.com/papers/successful-management-with-2-overlapping-bare-stents-for-bhpjozg7to 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-completion-angiography-after-stent-deployment-with-1hsmbdq5.png Fig. 4. Completion angiography after stent deployment, with slight perfusion of the sac. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-duplex-ultrasound-scan-at-6-months-with-complete-3u1vau7j.png Fig. 5. Duplex ultrasound scan at 6 months, with complete exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-preoperative-echo-color-doppler-showing-the-completely-3pmu274c.png Fig. 1. Preoperative echo color Doppler showing the completely perfused pseudoaneurysm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagnostic-angiogram-before-stent-deployment-7f4ggj8a.png Fig. 3. Diagnostic angiogram before stent deployment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-preoperative-computed-tomography-scan-showing-the-9ng6mvvq.png Fig. 2. Preoperative computed tomography scan showing the pseudoaneurysm distal to the endarterectomy zone. https://scispace.com/papers/successful-use-of-size-mismatched-liver-allografts-in-3eq73f5x5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-patients-and-grafts-where-delayed-1p2pff2l.png Table 1 Characteristics of patients and grafts where delayed primary closure was used https://scispace.com/papers/sudokuvis-how-to-explore-relationships-of-mutual-exclusion-180ppwd9vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-results-average-times-considering-all-4-tbd45rfp.png Fig. 2. Test results (average times), considering all 4 conditions separately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-results-average-times-for-use-of-towers-versus-10kak09e.png Fig. 3. Test results (average times) for use of towers versus funnels versus joint use of both. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-images-to-evaluate-the-use-of-colors-and-the-use-2ra3xto2.png Fig. 5. Test images to evaluate the use of colors and the use of 3D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-test-images-to-evaluate-the-use-of-towers-and-funnels-1y2ngchf.png Fig. 6. Test images to evaluate the use of towers and funnels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-results-from-24-participants-average-speed-per-1fpltmom.png Fig. 1. Test results from 24 participants: average speed per participant, shown interleaved for easy and medium puzzle. https://scispace.com/papers/sulfated-zirconia-an-efficient-and-reusable-heterogeneous-52g9fl1jlb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-sulfated-zirconia-for-fresh-sample-3vtlnc43.png Fig. 1 XRD patterns of sulfated zirconia for fresh sample calcined at 550 °C and a reused sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-potentiometric-titration-of-n-butylamine-in-1annt053.png Fig. 2 Potentiometric titration of n-butylamine in acetonitrile for sample calcined at 550 °C and after being used in different cycles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-catalyst-reusability-3ecmc6o1.png Fig. 4 Catalyst reusability https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-catalyst-reusability-studied-2r83pkfj.png Table 3 Catalyst reusability studied https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ft-ir-of-fresh-sulfated-zirconia-calcined-at-550-degc-39jt09dm.png Fig. 3 FT-IR of fresh sulfated zirconia calcined at 550 °C and reused sample https://scispace.com/papers/suitability-of-two-root-mining-weevils-for-the-biological-390e98x4hy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-various-developmental-stages-of-a-3uueirux.png Fig. 3. Distribution of various developmental stages of (A) Diplapion confluens and (B) Coryssomerus capucinus within plants. Data are from dissection of Tripleurospermum perforatum plants collected on seven occasions between 4 May and 30 July 1993 at each of three field sites (N1–3) in the Rhine Valley, Germany. Total number of individuals found is given on top of each bar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-plants-attacked-by-diplapion-confluens-2om6tlcq.png Table 2. Proportion of plants attacked by Diplapion confluens and Coryssomerus capucinus and mean attack rate per plant for different samples of Tripleurospermum perforatum from the Rhine Valley. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-levels-of-attack-by-diplapion-confluens-on-3r097v79.png Table 4. Levels of attack by Diplapion confluens on Matricaria recutita (herbal chamomile) and/or Tripleurospermum perforatum (target weed) plants in tests carried out at the CABI Bioscience Centre Switzerland, at natural field sites, or when collected from commercial herbal chamomile fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-host-specificity-tests-conducted-with-1po5g8md.png Table 3. Results of host-specificity tests conducted with Diplapion confluens and Coryssomerus capucinus from 1993 to 1999 at the CABI Bioscience Centre Switzerland in Delémont and at field sites in the Rhine Valley, Germany, and Eastern Austria (all plant species are in the tribe Anthemideae). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-egg-size-and-head-capsule-diameters-mean-se-of-yqxy3emw.png Table 1. Egg size and head capsule diameters (mean SE) of different instars of Diplapion confluens and Coryssomerus capucinus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-emergence-of-adults-of-a-diplapion-29nkx7sw.png Fig. 1. Cumulative emergence of adults of (A) Diplapion confluens and (B) Coryssomerus capucinus at the CABI Bioscience Centre Switzerland from root stocks collected in different years and at various field sites (locations) in the Rhine Valley, Germany. , Site N5, 1994 (579, 120); D, site N6, 1995 (132, 100); ", site N7, 1996 (85, 34); , site N7, 1997 (116). For details of field sites see Materials and methods. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the total number of individuals of D. confluens and C. capucinus, respectively, emerged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phenology-of-diplapion-confluens-and-coryssomerus-2zhmyio5.png Fig. 2. Phenology of Diplapion confluens and Coryssomerus capucinus in the Rhine Valley, Germany, between 1993 and 1996. (A) + (D), sites N1–3, 1993; (B), site N5, 1994; (E), site N4, 1994; (C) + (F), site N6, 1996. For details of field sites see Materials and methods. Total https://scispace.com/papers/sulfur-hexafluoride-treatment-of-used-nuclear-fuel-to-54lh9iv4dr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-xrd-pattern-of-sm2o3-powder-reacted-with-25-sf6-to-3i9wjj4m.png Figure 11. XRD pattern of Sm2O3 powder reacted with 25% SF6 to an ultimate temperature of 625°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fitting-of-solid-state-kinetic-models-to-tga-data-131m4d4w.png Figure 10. Fitting of solid-state kinetic models to TGA data for Gd2O3 under 25% SF6 concentration and an ultimate temperature set to 600°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-reactivity-results-of-fission-product-2pe3li1f.png Table 6. Summary of reactivity results of fission product surrogates as measured by TGA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-solid-state-kinetic-models-from-table-3-in-terms-8s5j5phz.png Figure 12. Solid-state kinetic models from Table 3 in terms of α as function of the reduced time scale. Models are compared with the isothermal portion of the TGA data for Y2O3 under 22% SF6 concentration and an ultimate temperature set to 625°C. Actual isotherm corresponds to 630°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-simplified-process-flow-diagram-incorporating-sf6-qa3ypxb5.png Figure 16. Simplified Process Flow Diagram Incorporating SF6 as the Fluorinating Agent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-process-diagram-for-combined-sf6-and-nf3-3uw78gnn.png Figure 17. Process Diagram for combined SF6 and NF3 Separations Process which Includes Fluorinating Agent Recycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-block-flow-diagram-of-reference-unf-fluorination-384gj1qd.png Figure 15. Block Flow Diagram of Reference UNF Fluorination Process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-extrapolated-onset-and-inflection-points-of-10auhszp.png Table 5. Extrapolated onset and inflection points of surrogate weight changes as measured by TGA. https://scispace.com/papers/summarization-of-gas-bubble-trauma-monitoring-in-the-496szwd27f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-percentage-of-observed-gbt-all-species-except-1dxun6l9.png Table 9. Percentage of observed GBT (all species except entrained individuals) during individual sampling intervals and sections, 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-individual-fish-with-gas-bubble-trauma-by-6niekr60.png Table 2. Number of individual fish with gas bubble trauma by river section and year. Number in pararenthesis () iudicate the number of fish suspected of entrainment through Dworshak Dam. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-individual-wild-rainbow-trout-with-gas-wh8lofds.png Table 3. Number of individual wild rainbow trout with gas bubble trauma by river section and year, (number with GBTlnumber sampled). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-percentage-of-observed-gbt-all-species-except-rtd7qrxq.png Table 7. Percentage of observed GBT (all species except entrained individuals) during individual sampling intervals and sections, 1996. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-gas-bubble-trauma-sampling-areas-on-the-31skkd5d.png Figure 1. Location of gas bubble trauma sampling areas on the Clearwater River and the North Fork Cleanvater River, ID. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-37k03e4d.png Table 6. https://scispace.com/papers/summary-of-the-effort-to-use-active-induced-time-correlation-opv6xkysx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-deliverables-with-descriptions-and-cross-31c1cx3k.png Table 1. List of deliverables with descriptions and cross-references to the accomplishment list. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enrichment-determination-algorithm-flowchart-based-1w5xhb9i.png Figure 3. Enrichment determination algorithm flowchart based upon the multiplication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-demonstration-of-the-discrepancy-when-comparing-3p3t1hst.png Figure 4. Demonstration of the discrepancy when comparing modeled and measured time correlation distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-measured-multiplications-for-a-93-2-wt-1whg6lpu.png Table 2. Comparison of measured multiplications for a 93.2 wt% HEU casting, DU casting, and various amounts of DU shielding. Uncertainties represent the 3σ error bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demonstration-of-the-sensitivity-of-the-active-vtjr59cn.png Figure 2. Demonstration of the sensitivity of the active-induced neutron coincidences to enrichment using a 93.2 wt% HEU casting, DU casting, and 2.5 cm DU shielding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nuclear-materials-identification-system-nmis-setup-15xxfcan.png Figure 1. Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS) setup at the Nuclear Detector and Sensor Test Center with a DU casting and multiple DU shields. https://scispace.com/papers/summer-variation-of-the-utci-index-and-heat-waves-in-serbia-38zky6tbyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-frequency-of-the-days-with-different-utci-69uew0p6.png Figure 2. Monthly frequency of the days with different UTCI stress classes for mean daily (UTCIavg), morning (UTCI7 h) and midday (UTCI14 h) indices during the period from July to September, 1998–2017: (a) Niš, (b) Novi Sad, (c) Zlatibor. x axis: time (months); y axis: frequency (number of days). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-hwes-and-vshses-at-nis-and-novi-sad-july-2e8wan6z.png Table 4. Number of HWEs and VSHSEs at Niš and Novi Sad (July, August and September 1998–2017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-hds-and-hns-as-well-as-shs-and-vshs-days-2urk52nn.png Figure 4. Number of HDs and HNs as well as SHS and VSHS days at Niš, Novi Sad and Zlatibor (July, August, September 1998–2017). x axis: time (years); y axis: number of days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mean-monthly-utci14-h-during-the-period-1998-16bls18j.png Figure 3. The mean monthly UTCI14 h during the period 1998–2017. x axis: time (years); y axis: UTCI (◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relief-map-of-serbia-with-the-studied-areas-1-novi-nzz3h93m.png Figure 1. Relief map of Serbia with the studied areas: (1) Novi Sad, (2) Niš and (3) Zlatibor (left). Map of the average number of tropical days in Serbia per year for the period 1981–2010 (middle; source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, RHMSS) and a map of the geographical location of Serbia in Europe (right). Maps were created using QGIS 3.8 software on the basis of the European Commission’s official (Eurostat) data sets (available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/, last access: 3 February 2020; map ratio: 1 : 1 900 000; map projection: WGS 84/UTM, Zone 34N, the official national coordinate system). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-correlation-of-the-utci14-h-and-tmax-3t2x2av1.png Table 3. Linear correlation of the UTCI14 h and tmax. https://scispace.com/papers/summertime-increases-in-upper-ocean-stratification-and-mixed-19ftvhuhzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-climatological-upper-ocean-stratification-and-mixed-16iwo0ra.png Fig. 2 | Climatological upper-ocean stratification and mixed-layer depth. a–f, Summer (a, c, e) and winter (b, d, f) climatological map of the 0–200 m (a, b) and pycnocline (c, d) stratification and mixed-layer depth (e, f) over the world ocean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-mean-percentage-change-kumk8yj9.png Table 1 | Global mean percentage change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1970-2018-trends-in-summer-upper-ocean-stratification-2u8fspn7.png Fig. 3 | 1970–2018 trends in summer upper-ocean stratification and mixed-layer depth. a, b, Maps of the 1970–2018 summer 0–200 m (a; N200 2 trend in s−2 dec−1) and pycnocline stratification (b; N2 trend in s−2 dec−1) trends, along with the zonal-median value (thick black line) and 33th–66th percentile (thin black line). Regions with no significant trend (that is, a trend lower than the standard error; see Methods) are shaded in grey on the map. c, As in a, b, but for the summer mixed-layer trend in m dec−1 (note that mixed-layer deepening is shown as a negative trend). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-and-salinity-contributions-to-pycnocline-hjvs2xhd.png Fig. 4 | Temperature and salinity contributions to pycnocline stratification and its change. a, b, Per cent contribution of temperature (a) and salinity (b) to the summer climatological pycnocline stratification shown in Fig. 2a. Per cent contribution of temperature (c) and salinity (d) to the summer climatological pycnocline stratification trend shown in Fig. 3a. Regions with no significant trend (that is, a trend lower the standard error; see Methods) are shaded in grey in c, d. https://scispace.com/papers/sun-sized-water-vapor-masers-in-cepheus-a-50edbztniu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-visibility-components-of-the-0-6-km-s-1-feature-rmjqfzou.png Table 2 Visibility Components of the 0.6 km s−1 Feature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-offset-between-the-0-90-and-0-36-km-s-1-3k9hsbrs.png Figure 8. The offset between the 0.90 and 0.36 km s−1 subcomponents determined from relative phase measurements on the SRT–Ys baseline at 12:00 (red line) and 12:40 UT (black line). Each measurement constrains the relative position to a line in position space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-relative-phase-between-the-0-90-and-0-36-km-s-1-19nxvtxn.png Figure 7. The relative phase between the 0.90 and 0.36 km s−1 subcomponents as a function of time during the 40 minute observation. The data have been coherently averaged to 4 minutes. The relative phase and relative phase drift over the observation of 45° can be used to constrain the separation of the components. The orbit specification for RadioAstron of 0.02 m s−1 would allow a maximum of ±2° of the observed phase shift to be caused by the change in the baseline error. AGN observations near the time of these observations suggest that the actual error is about four times smaller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-central-part-of-the-star-forming-region-ud1nerto.png Figure 1. The central part of the star-forming region CepheusA. The contours show the extent of the continuum components taken from the 1.3 cm VLA image (adapted from Torrelles et al. 1998). The nomenclature is based on the original identification of about 16 continuum radio sources marking the sites of newly formed massive stars by Hughes & Wouterloot (1984). The dots mark the positions of masers (labeled by their velocities) whose positions were found by analysis of the relative fringe rates derived from these observations. The coordinate origin is the center of HW2/R4: =R.A. 22 56 17. 977h m s , = ¢ decl. 62 01 49. 38d (2000). The relative alignment of the masers and continuum is accurate to about ±0 2 (see the text). At a distance of 700 pc, 1″ corresponds to 1.05×1016 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-u-v-plane-coverage-of-the-40-minute-observation-of-3fel2mpq.png Figure 2. (u, v) plane coverage of the 40-minute observation of CepheusA on 2012 November 18 in millions of wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-fringe-visibility-amplitude-for-the-0-6-km-s-1-jm34mj70.png Figure 9. The fringe visibility amplitude for the 0.6 km s−1 feature on the three ground baselines vs. baseline length. The solid line is a model of a circular Gaussian halo of 400 μas angular diameter (FWHM) containing 96% of the integrated flux density, plus an unresolved component to account for unresolved flux at large projected baselines. Inset: a cartoon of the maser emission from the 0.6 km s−1 feature. The small components are modeled on the SRT–Ys baseline data, which show two subcomponents separated by 160 μas at a PA of 113°. This PA corresponds to the axis of the flow from Hd3ii. About 13% of the integrated flux density is in the subcomponents. The subcomponents are shown centered on the halo, but this relative alignment is unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-of-h2o-masers-in-cepheusa-a-rv0l0d7g.png Table 1 Positions of H2O Masers in CepheusA a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectrum-of-the-feature-near-0-6-km-s-1-observed-at-2y49kkqm.png Figure 4. Spectrum of the feature near 0.6 km s−1 observed at the Pushchino Observatory from 2012 August 3 to 2013 August 21. The spectra are labeled with their dates of observation. Note the drift in the central velocity. https://scispace.com/papers/sunflower-hagpat9-1-is-the-predominant-gpat-during-seed-47mahcc13i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complementation-assay-of-the-double-gpat-cmy228-mutant-175u6ukw.png Fig. 3. Complementation assay of the double GPAT cmy228 mutant yeast strain with the two HaGPAT9 isoforms. The strains are displayed in rows and the dilutions in the columns. (A-D) The plate composition is specified at the bottom of each image: A, S. cerevisiae strain S288C; B, S. cerevisiae strain cmy228 p416(LEU2); C, S. cerevisiae strain cmy228 p416(LEU2):HaGPAT9-1; D, S. cerevisiae strain cmy228 p416(LEU2):HaGPAT9-2; E, S. cerevisiae strain W303-1A p416(LEU2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-localization-of-hagpat9-1-to-the-er-in-tobacco-by-2-wd21lm4o.png Fig. 2. Localization of HaGPAT9-1 to the ER in tobacco BY-2 cells transiently transformed (via biolistic bombardment) with HaGPAT9-1-GFP and stained with the ER marker, ConA. The merged image shows the co-localization of HaGPAT9-1-GFP and ConA at the ER. The asterisk in the merged image highlights a region of aggregated ER. The boxes represent the area of the cell shown at higher magnification in the bottom row. Solid and open arrowheads in the bottom row represent examples where HaGPAT9-1-GFP appears to be localized to distinct regions of the ConA-stained ER and regions devoid of ConA, respectively. Scale bar = 10 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-and-plasmids-used-in-this-study-4q280o6f.png Table 1 Strains and plasmids used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mass-spectrometry-peptides-belonging-to-the-2gpez42e.png Table 2 The mass spectrometry peptides belonging to the HaGPAT9-1 protein. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proteins-in-developing-sunflower-seeds-identified-by-2dmjdxfu.png Table 3 Proteins in developing sunflower seeds identified by mass spectrometry that are related to lipid metabolism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tag-molecular-species-in-yeast-over-expressing-a-ksyvbvkd.png Fig. 4. TAG molecular species in yeast over-expressing a sunflower HaGPAT9 and the empty vector control. Values are the mean ± SD of three replicates. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) compared to the control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-clade-representation-of-proteins-homologous-to-hagpat9-1dniwgb4.png Fig. 1. Clade representation of proteins homologous to HaGPAT9. Phylogeny reconstruction using the minimum evolution method. Bootstrap values based on 1000 replications a opsis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-gpat-enzyme-assays-in-function-of-a-time-and-b-acyl-13r5r502.png Fig. 6. GPAT enzyme assays in function of (A) time and (B) acyl-CoA substrate. (C) LPAAT assay as a function of the acyl-CoA substrate. Data are the mean of three replicates with SD error bars. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) compared to the control. https://scispace.com/papers/super-water-absorbing-and-shape-memory-nanocellulose-3qlcsacf8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radial-cross-sections-of-3-ft-aerogels-of-aqueous-cnf-37nlmx6e.png Fig. 4 Radial cross-sections of 3 FT aerogels of aqueous CNF suspensions at: (a) 0.05%; (b) 0.1%; (c) 0.2% and (d) 0.4% concentrations. Inset scale bar ¼ 500 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-density-porosity-and-water-absorption-of-cnf-ijnyubuk.png Table 1 Density, porosity, and water absorption of CNF aerogels from d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-ft-cnf-aerogel-a-as-is-in-air-b-saturated-with-water-2uk6wzo7.png Fig. 7 1 FT CNF aerogel: (a) as is in air, (b) saturated with water colored with Procion red dye, (c) finger-squeezed dried from (b), (d) sequential snapshots of (c) reabsorbing water to full shape recovery in 4 s as labeled, and (e) cyclic water absorption (squeezed dried in between cycles) of (B) 0 FT; (,) 1 FT; (D) 3 FT; (>) 3 FTTBA aerogels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photographs-of-0-6-cnf-a-suspension-b-hydrogel-after-1-1fb5cq2l.png Fig. 2 Photographs of 0.6% CNF: (a) suspension; (b) hydrogel after 1 FT cycle; (c & d) hydrogel after 3 FT cycles; (e) freeze-dried aerogel after 3 FT cycles. https://scispace.com/papers/superb-progress-report-for-accelerator-zt7bc1th77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-superb-footprint-at-lnf-hwbunx3o.png Figure 4.1: SuperB footprint at LNF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-5-injector-timing-1pqrus7z.png Figure 15.5: Injector timing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-16-superb-bunch-by-bunch-feedbacks-are-based-on-3hjogh14.png Fig. 8.16: SuperB bunch-by-bunch feedbacks are based on identical DPU (digital processing unit) for both longitudinal and transverse systems. The DPU core is implemented by a single powerful FPGA (field programmable gate array) containing >2000 DSP (digital signal processor). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-4-equilibrium-polarization-in-the-ler-the-green-15p6sg5w.png Figure 16.4: Equilibrium polarization in the LER. The green curve is the pure Sokolov-Ternov polarization, the red curve includes spin diffusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-3-depolarization-time-vs-ring-energy-in-the-ler-3dd0ymq7.png Figure 16.3: Depolarization time vs ring energy in the LER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-3-triggers-for-beam-aborts-3hocmtzq.png Table 14.3: Triggers for beam aborts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-4-visibility-of-fringes-of-fig-14-3-c-for-1dt7jw7h.png Figure 14.4: Visibility of fringes of Fig. 14.3(c) for different beam sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-peak-luminosity-versus-e-e-collider-center-of-20jrz6zm.png Figure 1.1 Peak luminosity versus e+e- collider center-of-mass energy. SuperB is shown at the center of the plot at a luminosity of 1036/cm2/s. https://scispace.com/papers/supernova-driving-ii-compressive-ratio-in-molecular-cloud-2w4kw7h6iz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-distribution-of-mean-cloud-expansion-2r4676bn.png Figure 1. Probability distribution of mean cloud expansion velocity, Ve>0 (unshaded histogram), and contraction velocity, Ve<0 (solid-line shaded histogram), normalized to the rms velocity in the cloud, for a sample of 507 clouds selected before the introduction of gravity. The dashed-line shaded histogram shows the probability distribution of mean cloud contraction velocity for a sample of 802 clouds selected after gravity is included in the simulation. This histogram has been normalized to the same total probability as the other two histograms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-composite-pdf-of-logarithmic-gas-density-for-clouds-3cgsty5w.png Figure 7. Composite PDF of logarithmic gas density for clouds selected before (thick line) and after (thin line) including gravity. Before averaging the PDFs together, each of them is normalized to zero mean and unity rms and divided by its maximum probability value, so the composite PDF represents the average PDF shape. The shaded regions show the cloud-to-cloud rms variations. The dashed line is the Gaussian fit. Notice that s̄ and σs vary from cloud to cloud. Inset: sum of all PDFs without any shifting or normalization, for clouds with gravity. The slope of the PDF tail is fit by a power law with exponent −1.64±0.01, in the range ( )r r< <2 log 4.50 , corresponding to a slope of −2.64 for the PDF of ρ. Notice that the mean density, r0, varies from cloud to cloud. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-distribution-of-kht-kh-for-the-same-zy49dw5d.png Figure 5. Probability distribution of χt/χ for the same cloud samples with and without gravity as in the previous figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rms-of-logarithmic-density-vs-rms-effective-mach-jsnnifid.png Figure 6. Rms of logarithmic density vs. rms effective Mach number in all clouds (upper panel), and in clouds with positive mean velocity divergence (lower panel). The solid line and error bars show the mean and standard deviation of σs computed in logarithmic intervals of e,c. The long-dashed line is the model prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-distributions-of-the-total-compressive-ugcajg3s.png Figure 4. Probability distributions of the total compressive ratio, χ, (unshaded, thick solid line histogram) and its turbulent component, χt (shaded histograms). The probability of χt is plotted for clouds selected before (solid-line histogram) and after (dashed-line histogram) the inclusion of gravity (the same cloud samples as in Figures 1 and 2). The smooth curves are lognormal fits with mean values of −1.16, −1.19 and −1.27 and rms values of 0.38, 0.40 and 0.41 for χ, χt without gravity and χt with gravity respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-convergence-test-of-the-measured-cloud-compressive-1z8987pl.png Figure 3. Convergence test of the measured cloud compressive ratio, χ, and compressive power, á ñvc 2 , normalized to their values when the clouds are extracted at the maximum resolution, c1024 and á ñvc 2 1024 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-distribution-of-the-cloud-solid-body-1xfi3vjn.png Figure 2. Probability distribution of the cloud solid-body rotational velocity, Vr, for the same cloud samples as in Figure 1, selected before and after the inclusion of gravity. https://scispace.com/papers/supersonic-laser-deposition-of-tungsten-1m8n2gr4zi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-failure-load-for-3-point-bending-test-2dhlwrdy.png Figure 3: Failure load for 3-point bending test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-point-bend-test-schematic-1c95p2pr.png Figure 2: 3- Point Bend Test Schematic https://scispace.com/papers/superscaling-and-neutral-current-quasielastic-neutrino-4kcvfh849l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-same-as-in-fig-2-for-neutral-current-neutrino-1m1xklui.png FIG. 4. The same as in Fig. 2 for neutral current neutrino scattering showing the neutron knockout case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-same-as-in-fig-2-for-neutral-current-antineutrino-2fffzumo.png FIG. 5. The same as in Fig. 2 for neutral current antineutrino scattering showing the neutron knockout case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-same-as-in-fig-2-for-neutral-current-antineutrino-jepkeyjl.png FIG. 3. The same as in Fig. 2 for neutral current antineutrino scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-quasielastic-scaling-function-f-qe-ps-for-12c-vhs28c0f.png FIG. 6. (a) The quasielastic scaling function f QE(ψ ′) for 12C calculated in the CDFM using Eqs. (9)–(13), (23) with c1 = 0.60 (dash-dotted line) and c1 = 0.75 (dashed line) in comparison with the result of the RFG model (dotted line) and with the results from the SuSA (solid line). The experimental data (black squares) are taken from [30]; (b) the same as in (a) with the CDFM scaling function calculated by using Eqs. (9)–(14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-kinematics-for-semi-leptonic-nucleon-knockout-2so834if.png FIG. 1. The kinematics for semi-leptonic nucleon knockout reactions in the one-boson-exchange approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quasielastic-differential-cross-section-for-neutral-5pempofb.png FIG. 2. Quasielastic differential cross section for neutral current neutrino scattering at 1 GeV from 12C for proton knockout at θp = 20◦ (a,b) and 60◦ (c,d) using the CDFM scaling function [Eqs. (9)–(13), (23) for (a,c) and Eqs. (9)–(14) for (b,d)] with c1 = 0.60 (dash-dotted line) and c1 = 0.75 (dashed line). The RFG results are given by dotted line and the results using the empirical scaling function [27] are presented by solid line (SuSA). https://scispace.com/papers/supervisor-nurse-relationships-teamwork-role-ambiguity-and-391jfyaqup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-path-analysis-showing-the-impact-of-lmx-teamwork-4lzntkrn.png Figure 1: Path Analysis showing the impact of LMX, Teamwork, Role Ambiguity (patients) and demographics (age, gender) on Wellbeing https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-and-cronbachs-alpha-coefficients-3gc4alru.png Table 4: Correlations and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients –Overall sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-the-samples-2alz5xjz.png Table 2: Demographics of the samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-about-hospitals-from-which-nurses-were-1s27w4yz.png Table 1: Details about hospitals from which nurses were surveyed https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-rotated-factor-matrix-principal-axis-1zdem97j.png Table 3: Results of Rotated Factor Matrix (Principal axis factoring) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-from-independent-samples-test-3fz4l3bp.png Table 10: Results from Independent Samples Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-analysis-detailing-patient-role-ambiguity-390mdd3n.png Table 8: Regression analysis detailing patient role ambiguity as a predictor of perception of wellbeing https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-analysis-detailing-supervisor-subordinate-nguz0poo.png Table 9: Regression analysis detailing supervisor-subordinate relationship as a predictor of patient role ambiguity https://scispace.com/papers/supplemental-thermal-hydraulic-transient-analyses-of-br2-in-4ag7sehi26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-event-timing-for-in-pool-locas-with-heu-fuel-3285e08v.png Table 1 Event timing for in-pool LOCA’s with HEU fuel https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-event-timing-for-in-pool-locas-with-leu-fuel-320ydsvu.png Table 2 Event timing for in-pool LOCA’s with LEU fuel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-coolant-temperatures-in-relation-to-high-alarm-1fzporss.png Figure 14 Coolant temperatures in relation to high alarm settings for nominal heat flux = 600 W/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-thermal-margins-for-a-loec-transient-at-470-w-cm2-2ae8ayl3.png Figure 15 Thermal margins for a LOEC transient at 470 W/cm2 and 600 W/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-pool-temperature-on-coolant-temperature-8jvuxkbu.png Figure 4 Impact of pool temperature on coolant temperature for Test G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conceptual-drawing-of-the-long-term-natural-29k6v7m4.png Figure 10 Conceptual drawing of the long term natural circulation flow paths from LOCA simulations of the HEU and LEU fueled cores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mass-flow-rate-through-pool-connection-valve-abv4-3fhleixp.png Figure 11 Mass flow rate through pool connection valve (ABV4-1308), negative values represent flow into the primary system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-pool-temperature-on-maximum-clad-3idb25hq.png Figure 3 Impact of pool temperature on maximum clad temperature and channel void for Test G. https://scispace.com/papers/supplying-slot-machines-to-the-poor-t5hcf5zc3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-slot-machine-revenue-function-estimates-27envqll.png Table 2: Slot Machine Revenue Function Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-problem-gambling-regression-estimates-r1s9u83w.png Table A.5: Problem Gambling Regression Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-counterfactual-policy-analysis-lga-level-supply-2hvdz2dr.png Figure 7: Counterfactual Policy Analysis: LGA-level Supply Caps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-per-capita-slot-machine-supply-and-lga-socio-3owgx851.png Figure 2: Per-Capita Slot Machine Supply and LGA Socio-Economic Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-per-capita-slot-machine-supply-lga-socio-economic-18q1ow3z.png Figure 3: Per-Capita Slot Machine Supply − LGA Socio-Economic Status Relationship https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-counterfactual-policy-analysis-smoking-ban-2xo5ma63.png Figure 6: Counterfactual Policy Analysis: Smoking Ban https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-vl1n9v2h.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-marginal-cost-function-estimates-2oj3ym47.png Table 3: Marginal cost function estimates https://scispace.com/papers/supply-function-equilibria-with-capacity-constraints-and-1so53xxymi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratio-of-minimum-boundary-markup-to-maximum-markup-36xg19x7.png Table 1 Ratio of Minimum Boundary Markup to Maximum Markup for Symmetric Supply Function Equilibria* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-for-lemma-part-b-1m3ojmwg.png Figure 2 Illustration for Lemma, part b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-supply-functions-fx3w5dvh.png Figure 1 Equilibrium Supply Functions https://scispace.com/papers/supplier-capacity-and-intermediary-profits-can-less-be-more-20a5fynr14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-events-92txm4j0.png Figure 1 Timeline of Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aggregate-intermediary-profit-depending-on-number-2589rmcb.png Figure 2 Aggregate Intermediary Profit Depending on Number of Suppliers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-intermediary-profit-depending-on-number-of-1154q0rl.png Figure 3 Intermediary Profit Depending on Number of Suppliers with Direct Sourcing Option https://scispace.com/papers/support-and-size-effects-of-activated-hydrotalcites-for-1wfu2oxn8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-micrographs-of-a-ht313-b-ht373-c-ht433-d-hturea-34h391zc.png Figure 3. SEM micrographs of (A) HT313, (B) HT373, (C) HT433, (D) HTurea. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-xrd-profiles-of-as-synthesized-ht298-ht333-3bbrz22p.png Figure 1. Selected XRD profiles of as-synthesized HT298, HT333, HT373, HT433, and HTurea. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tem-micrographs-of-ht10-cnf-in-a-bright-field-1umi300k.png Figure 4. TEM micrographs of HT10-CNF in (A) bright field (arrows indicate HT platelets) and (B) dark field (small HT crystallites are visible). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-profiles-of-as-synthesized-ht333-cnf-and-ht10-3k5liu9x.png Figure 2. XRD profiles of as-synthesized HT333, CNF, and HT10-CNF. Arrows indicate HT peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-for-sorption-measurements-1a60gx43.png Table 1. Experimental Conditions for Sorption Measurements with 2 g of HTT-act or 5 g of HTact-CNF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-average-platelet-size-on-crystallization-2qnnvj3n.png Figure 5. Effect of average platelet size on crystallization temperature of as-synthesized HTs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-co2-capacity-as-function-of-adsorption-desorption-2eximx3h.png Figure 8. CO2 capacity as function of adsorption-desorption cycles for two selected samples: unsupported HT333-act (() and HT10-act-CNF (9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-representative-breakthrough-curves-of-activated-so1woi1v.png Figure 6. (a) Representative breakthrough curves of activated HTs (2 g) and activated HT10-CNF (5 g) (flow: 25 mL ·min-1 N2, 3.5 mL ·min-1 H2O, and 1.5 mL ·min-1 CO2 at 523 K). (b) Selected representative desorption profiles of activated HTs and activated HT10-CNF (flow: 30 mL ·min-1 N2, 523-773 K, 1 h). https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-credibility-assessment-of-news-in-social-media-2svnjbyzs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-a-the-standard-representation-of-a-news-item-1wxh6523.png Figure 1: Design A: The standard representation of a news item on Facebook, as was used in our experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pressing-the-who-else-has-reported-on-this-story-2v0g9kzc.png Figure 4: Pressing the “Who else has reported on this story?” button (see Figure 3, above) reveals a pane containing a list of alternate sources that also report on the story. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-c-a-facebook-news-item-shown-with-the-3q3zwvc6.png Figure 3: Design C: A Facebook news item shown with the Alternate Sources augmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-about-participants-demographics-facebook-1yllpg2q.png Table 2: Information about participants’ demographics, Facebook use, and use of Facebook to acquire news. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-b-a-facebook-news-item-shown-with-the-star-20sw5yel.png Figure 2: Design B: A Facebook news item shown with the Star Ratings augmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-information-management-in-digital-libraries-with-15g7wu4h57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-8-clusters-with-labels-1l9iutc1.png Fig. 1. 1 – 8 Clusters With Labels https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-role-of-the-agricultural-extension-services-and-1yn94gj49e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-36js292e.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2sxjgt16.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-lq41vfb7.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/papers/supranational-identities-in-planning-5ckj9vjtah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-delineation-of-cascadia-left-and-the-barents-24c5mqj1.png Figure 1. One delineation of Cascadia (left) and the Barents Euro-Arctic region (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-features-of-cascadia-and-barents-1wev1jqx.png Table 1. Key features of Cascadia and Barents https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-of-the-in-vitro-growth-and-development-of-4ej8l3y30o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radial-growth-of-microdochium-nivale-mycelium-10-26g37f71.png Figure 4 Radial growth of Microdochium nivale mycelium 10 days post inoculation on phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and dihydrogen potassium phosphite (KH2PO3) amended PDA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-brightfield-micrographs-of-microdochium-nivale-16mufkvp.png Figure 5 Brightfield micrographs of Microdochium nivale hyphal growth in amended PDA. a: unamended control; b: phosphoric acid (H3PO4), 100 μg/ml; c: potassium hydroxide (KOH), 100 μg/ml; d: phosphorous acid (H3PO3), 75 μg/ml; e: phosphorous acid (H3PO3), 100 μg/ml. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inhibition-of-microdochium-nivale-mycelial-growth-vpat7zee.png Figure 1 Inhibition of Microdochium nivale mycelial growth on phosphorous acid (H3PO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dihydrogen potassium phosphite (KH2PO3), dihydrogen potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) amended PDA. Inhibition of M. nivale mycelial growth on PDA amended with a: 10 μg/ml; b: 50 μg/ml; c: 100 μg/ml; d: 250 μg/ml of H3PO3, H2PO4, KH2PO3, KH2PO4 and KOH, presented as % inhibition of growth on unamended PDA. Growth rates calculated from pooled data of each of the four M. nivale isolates, n=6, by measuring the colony radii at four points on each plate, 4 dpi. Bars are 95% confidence intervals. Letters indicate significant differences among compounds, as determined by Tukey HSD at p = 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-phosphite-on-germination-of-microdochium-ybfonkjj.png Figure 6 Effect of phosphite on germination of Microdochium nivale conidia. Germination of M. nivale conidia following immersion in solutions of a: 10 μg/ml; b: 50 μg/ml; c: 100 μg/ml; d: 250 μg/ml μg/ml concentrations of phosphorous acid (H3PO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dihydrogen potassium phosphite (KH2PO3), dihydrogen potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) after incubation at 18° +/- 20 C for 48 h. Data were arcsine transformed prior to analysis and back-transformed for this graph. Bars are 95% confidence intervals. Letters indicate significant differences between compounds as determined by Tukey HSD at p = 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microdochium-nivale-colonies-on-amended-pda-at-5-1eoteiwd.png Figure 2 Microdochium nivale colonies on amended PDA at 5 days post inoculation. A: unamended control; B: phosphorous acid (H3PO3), 100 μg/ml; C: phosphoric acid (H3PO4), 100 μg/ml; D: dihydrogen potassium phosphite (KH2PO3), 100 μg/ml; E: dihydrogen potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), 100 μg/ml F: potassium hydroxide (KOH), 100 μg/ml. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-immersion-of-microdochium-nivale-mycelium-12l77tuv.png Figure 3 Effect of immersion of Microdochium nivale mycelium in solutions of phosphorous acid (H3PO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dihydrogen potassium phosphite (KH2PO3), dihydrogen potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). https://scispace.com/papers/suppression-and-recovery-of-the-ferroelectric-phase-in-4adbz0c7jw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-high-field-magnetization-m-of-mn0-9fe0-37tbny53.png FIG. 4. Color online High-field magnetization M of Mn0.9Fe0.1WO4. The loop at low T indicates the transition into the AF2/HP phase. Inset: M He at different temperatures data for T 5 K are vertically shifted . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-magnetic-phase-diagram-of-mn0-9fe0-1wo4-2cf9ow5n.png FIG. 3. Color online Magnetic phase diagram of Mn0.9Fe0.1WO4 with H along the easy axis. The FE phase is labeled AF2/FE. Data are from polarization squares and magnetization triangles measurements. TFE was determined from P H and M H . The shaded area indicates the field hysteresis of the FE transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-field-temperature-phase-diagrams-for-model-parameters-1psw3163.png FIG. 7. Field-temperature phase diagrams for model parameters qualitatively describing the phase sequence in a Mn0.9Fe0.1WO4 and b MnWO4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-polarization-p-t-of-mn0-9fe0-1wo4-in-20eciav8.png FIG. 1. Color online Polarization P T of Mn0.9Fe0.1WO4 in different fields above 4 T cooling data included at 5.5 T as dashed line, while all other data are shown for increasing T . Inset: T at fields from 0 to 7 T curves are vertically offset . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-isothermal-field-dependence-of-the-fe-3t8hdbvt.png FIG. 2. Color online Isothermal field dependence of the FE polarization data shown for decreasing field only . Inset: 5 K data with increasing and decreasing field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-heat-capacity-cp-t-of-m-of-mn0-9fe0-1wo4-3r54h9gy.png FIG. 5. Color online Heat capacity Cp /T of M of Mn0.9Fe0.1WO4 at zero and high magnetic fields field along the easy axis . The dashed vertical arrows point to the anomaly associated with the ferroelectric transition at 5, 6, and 7 T, respectively left to right . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-ground-state-phase-diagram-of-model-1-in-3f5axkwn.png FIG. 6. Color online Ground state phase diagram of model 1 in mean-field approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-and-interstitial-transition-barriers-in-rutile-110-4t6vh3uq6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-shows-the-oxygen-adsorption-site-i-22obayg5.png FIG. 4. Color online a shows the oxygen adsorption site I, while b shows the oxygen adsorption site II. Both figures are viewed from directly above the 110 surface. The color scheme is the same as in previous diagrams. The horizontal rows of larger oxygen atoms represent the surface rows of two-coordinated oxygen atoms. The arrows represent the various transitions available to the adatoms in these adsorption sites. The energies correspond to the DFT activation barriers for each transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-diagram-shows-titanium-interstitial-3m4xqxji.png FIG. 3. Color online The diagram shows titanium interstitial site I left and titanium interstitial site II right . The color scheme is the same as in previous diagrams. The interstitial titanium atom is shown in yellow. The top diagrams show the interstitial sites from https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-bond-lengths-bader-atomic-charges-bader-atomic-7qymqd9l.png TABLE III. The bond lengths, Bader atomic charges, Bader atomic spins, and the Laplacian of the electronic charge density at the bond critical points BCPs are listed here for O2 in vacuum, the O2-I admolecule, and the O-I dioxygen unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-the-tio-adsorption-site-i-b-the-tio-2n8txr0k.png FIG. 5. Color online a The TiO adsorption site I. b The TiO adsorption site II. c The TiO adsorption site III. d The TiO adsorption site IV. All figures are viewed from directly above the 110 surface. The color scheme is the same as in previous diagrams. The horizontal rows of larger oxygen atoms represent the surface rows of two-coordinated oxygen atoms. The arrows represent the various transitions available to the TiO clusters in these adsorption sites. The energies correspond to the DFT activation barriers for each transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-the-tio2-adsorption-site-i-b-the-tio2-3gs1xwni.png FIG. 6. Color online a The TiO2 adsorption site I. b The TiO2 adsorption site II. Both figures are viewed from directly above the 110 surface. The color scheme is the same as in previous diagrams. The horizontal rows of larger oxygen atoms represent the surface rows of two-coordinated oxygen atoms. The arrows represent the various transitions available to the TiO2 clusters in these adsorption sites. The energies correspond to the DFT activation barriers for each transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-diagrams-show-the-adsorbed-titanium-52mnsgmc.png FIG. 1. Color online The diagrams show the adsorbed titanium atom as shown looking down perpendicular to the 110 surface. The red atoms are oxygen, while the blue atoms are titanium. The horizontal rows of larger oxygen atoms represent the surface rows of two-coordinated oxygen atoms. In a , the adsorbed titanium atom is shown in the upper hollow site site I , while in b , it is shown in the lower hollow site site II . The arrows represent the various transitions available to the adatom in these adsorption sites. The energies correspond to the DFT activation barriers for each transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-and-b-show-the-o2-adsorption-site-a-1ofei83c.png FIG. 7. Color online a and b show the O2 adsorption site. a shows it from the 1 1 0 direction, while b shows it from the 0 0 1 direction. The color scheme is the same as in previous diagrams. The horizontal rows of larger oxygen atoms in a represent the surface rows of two-coordinated oxygen atoms. The arrows represent the various transitions available to the O2 cluster. The energies correspond to the DFT activation barriers for each transition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-relative-energies-of-each-of-the-binding-sites-x0cqe477.png TABLE I. The relative energies of each of the binding sites for the Ti adatom, O adatom, TiO adcluster, and TiO2 adcluster as calculated by DFT and the QEq variable charge potential, respectively. For each type of cluster, the energies are given in eV, relative to the lowest-energy binding site. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-enhanced-raman-spectroscopic-sers-behavior-of-2xepzbz4gv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-band-positions-cm-1-and-their-possible-assignment-in-3e9231dl.png Table 2 Band positions (cm-1) and their possible assignment in SERS spectra of phenylpyruvates in methanol solutions. Notations and assignments of benzene ring vibrations are taken from Ref. [29,40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectroscopic-behavior-of-a-4-nitrothiopnenol-4-ntp-biib50oc.png Figure 4: Spectroscopic behavior of a) 4-nitrothiopnenol (4-NTP) and b) 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reference probe molecules: (A) SERS spectrum in methanol; (B) SERS spectrum in acidified methanol; (C) Raman spectrum of solid. Bands denoted with * belong to methanol https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-band-positions-cm-1-and-possible-assignment-of-tkpbzivu.png Table 1 Band positions (cm-1) and possible assignment of simulated Raman spectra without pH adjustment, in protonated form and of simulated EPP-Ag complex. Notations and assignments of benzene ring vibrations are taken from Ref. [29, 40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-equilibrium-geometries-of-epp-calculated-at-b3lyp-3m4qietn.png Figure 13: Equilibrium geometries of EPP calculated at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) [21] level of theory. A: keto form; B: enol form https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-band-positions-cm-1-and-their-possible-assignment-in-tc57xgsa.png Table 3 Band positions (cm-1) and their possible assignment in SERS spectra of phenylpyruvates in acidified methanol solutions. Notations and assignments of benzene ring vibrations are taken from Ref. [29,40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimal-geometry-of-epp-enol-a-and-protonated-enol-32uhmevj.png Figure 8: Optimal geometry of EPP enol (A) and protonated enol (B) form displaying the atomic polar tensors (APT) based atomic charge distribution by colored atoms. In the protonated EPP a strong ‘backbone’ conjugation is clearly visible https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulated-spectra-of-epp-molecules-without-adjusted-1o6o1brl.png Figure 9: Simulated spectra of EPP molecules without adjusted pH (A), protonated EPP (B) and simulated EPP-Ag complex (C) and EPP-Ag surface model (D) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-possible-half-hydrogenated-surface-species-3o4dn16l.png Figure 16. Possible half-hydrogenated surface species https://scispace.com/papers/surface-enhanced-raman-spectra-of-pyridine-and-pyrazine-17pbte6azz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dependence-of-both-the-integrated-sers-intensity-3ueorld3.png Figure 4. Dependence of both the integrated SERS intensity and the surface coverage (from ref 24) on the applied potential for pyrazine adsorbed on a Au(210) single-crystal electrode. From a 0.1 M KClO4 + 1 mM pyrazine solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sers-spectra-of-pyrazine-adsorbed-on-a-au-210-135fhqxo.png Figure 3. SERS spectra of pyrazine adsorbed on a Au(210) single crystal at several potentials: (a)-450 mV; (b)-150 mV; (c)+ 200 mV; (d) + 300 mV. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-modifications-of-eva-copolymers-induced-by-low-q18wfbqes3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-curve-tting-of-c1s-photopeaks-of-the-xps-spectra-of-3qx2aq6h.png Figure 3. Curve tting of C1s photopeaks of the XPS spectra of EVA copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-actual-composition-of-eva-copolymers-obtained-from-3hljutus.png Table 4. Actual composition of EVA copolymers (obtained from TG analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dsc-thermograms-for-eva12-and-eva20-copolymers-24ngl375.png Figure 1. DSC thermograms for EVA12 and EVA20 copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-melting-temperature-tm-melting-enthalpy-1hm-and-14vvw044.png Table 5. Melting temperature (Tm), melting enthalpy (1Hm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of EVA copolymers obtained from DSC experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t-peel-strength-values-of-untreated-and-plasma-1iahx2tm.png Figure 5. T-peel strength values of untreated and plasma treated EVA/polyurethane adhesive joints before and after ageing (50±C and 95% relative humidity for 72 h). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-properties-of-eva-copolymers-used-in-this-study-17wcxlof.png Table 1. Some properties of EVA copolymers used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrographs-of-untreated-and-plasma-treated-3mg70eea.png Figure 4. SEM micrographs of untreated and plasma treated EVA12 and EVA20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-advancing-contact-angles-values-water-at-25-c-for-62pm368g.png Figure 2. Advancing contact angles values (water at 25±C) for EVA12 and EVA20 surfaces treated with RF plasmas from different gases. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-electronic-structure-of-the-wide-band-gap-3btjyyuufa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-crystal-structure-of-pbbi4te4se3-b-calculated-band-2qgpfgxh.png FIG. 1. (a) Crystal structure of PbBi4Te4Se3. (b) Calculated band structure of the PbBi4Te4Se3(0001) thin films along K̄-̄-M̄ direction with seven and five-layer block terminations aligned to the bulk-projected bands (black curves), here the Fermi level is set to the energy of valence band maximum. The inset shows the high-symmetry points of the surface Brillouin zone. (c) Band dispersions of the PbBi4Te4Se3 sample along ̄-M̄ direction observed with ARPES measurement at various photon energies and (d) the second derivative images of these spectra. Horizontal dashed lines in (c) indicate the energy level for DC1 and DC2 at ̄. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-structure-parameters-in-relative-30diicf7.png TABLE I. Experimental structure parameters in relative coordinates for PbBi4Te4Se3 with a = 4.3224 Å and c = 23.3725 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-band-structure-of-pbbi4te4se3-surfaces-301djwiu.png FIG. 2. Calculated band structure of PbBi4Te4Se3 surfaces along the K̄-̄-M̄ direction with 7L and 5L terminations; the color of the circles denotes surface/subsurface building blocks in the slabs, as shown in the inset, and size represents weights of the states in these layers; shaded area identifies the bulk-projected bands. Right subpanels (a)–(g) show charge density of the TSS integrated over x, y at the respective k points marked on spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-sandwich-segregation-phenomena-in-bimetallic-ag-ni-1241pz5w39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-atomic-radial-distribution-in-the-pd-ni-nanoparticle-1u1xegp0.png Fig. 5. Atomic radial distribution in the Pd-Ni nanoparticle model at the initial time (a) and after the annealing at T = 1000 K during 0.5 s (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-most-preferable-icosahedral-surrounding-of-ni-1b3cnx1p.png Fig. 6. The most preferable icosahedral surrounding of Ni atoms in the Pd-Ni nanoparticle model: 4 Ni and 8 Pd nearest neighbours (Ni is black, Pd is white). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radial-distribution-of-ni-atoms-having-an-icosahedron-25xruc88.png Fig. 7. Radial distribution of Ni atoms having an icosahedron as a coordination polyhedron in the Pd-Ni nanoparticle model after the annealing at T = 1000 K during 0.5 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-snapshot-of-the-ni-subsurface-shell-having-a-1qdeqyup.png Fig. 8. (a) – Snapshot of the Ni subsurface shell having a structure of the Kagomé net with „sequence faults‟ after 0.3 s of annealing at T = 1000 K. The great majority of Ni atoms of the subsurface shell are located in the centres of interpenetrating icosahedra and have 4 Ni and 8 Pd nearest neighbours. For better clarity, only a half of the shell and only Ni atoms at centres of icosahedra are shown on the perspective projection with size and grey-scale graduation. (b) – Illustration of atomic positions of Pd and Ni atoms on a perfect fragment of surface structure AAKAA. Layers A and A of Pd can be obtained by splitting of a layer A – close packed f.c.c. (111) layer; layer K of Ni is a Kagomé net layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surface-energies-of-the-low-indices-faces-of-ag-and-1oewwofq.png Table 1. Surface energies of the low indices faces of Ag and Ni predicted by EAM-FBD potentials [34] as well as Pd and Ni predicted by EAM-WB potentials [31] in comparison with experimental data [37] in units of J/m 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heat-of-solution-h-a-and-deviation-of-the-lattice-3by3pz14.png Fig. 1. Heat of solution H (a) and deviation of the lattice parameter from Vegard‟s law a (b) for bulk Ag-Ni system as a function of composition cNi. Solid line: results using the EAM-FBD; open circles: experimental data [39] (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-heat-of-solution-h-a-and-deviation-of-the-lattice-1w6xqq2b.png Fig. 2. Heat of solution H (a) and deviation of the lattice parameter from Vegard‟s law a (b) for bulk Pd-Ni system as a function of composition cNi. Solid line: results using the EAM-WB; open circles: experimental data [40] (a) and [41] (b). https://scispace.com/papers/surveillance-of-hemodialysis-vascular-access-with-ultrasound-sbgnocaxo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t900y8ft.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1bzgp4ww.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-volume-flow-measurement-with-udt-and-vfi-sd-for-ewee6os5.png Table 1. Mean volume flow measurement with UDT and VFI. SD for each scan session is stated in brackets. Deviation and difference is calculated in reference to UDT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1yrh9zkm.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-than-centr-2kwndn4e.png Figure 3: than centr https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-prognostic-factors-in-patients-with-brain-bky896je8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analysis-1wk3yahi.png Table 2. Multivariate analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-for-prognostic-factors-a-1663a3d8.png Fig. 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for prognostic factors. (a) Chemotherapy received versus not received. (b) Surgery versus no surgery. (c) Radiosurgery versus no radiosurgery. https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-passage-of-yearling-chinook-salmon-and-249aap74t5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-sample-sizes-of-acoustically-tagged-juvenile-1z042kwx.png Table 2.1. Sample Sizes of Acoustically Tagged Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Used for Dam Passage Survival Estimates at The Dalles Dam in 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-6-description-location-name-and-survival-model-21v8iw5c.png Table 2.6. Description, Location, Name, and Survival Model Function of Arrays Deployed in 2011. Array names were a concatenation of “CR” for Columbia River and the nearest whole river kilometer (rkm) to the array, as measured from the mouth of the Columbia River. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-the-dalles-dam-spillway-showing-the-spill-wall-at-3hayk834.png Figure 1.2. The Dalles Dam Spillway Showing the Spill Wall at Bays 8/9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-summary-of-fish-excluded-from-tagging-due-to-1w6mz8go.png Table 2.4. Summary of Fish Excluded from Tagging Due to Failure to Meet Study Criteria in 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-summary-of-the-ultimate-fate-of-yearling-chinook-1y4i8e59.png Table 2.2. Summary of the Ultimate Fate of Yearling Chinook Salmon and Juvenile Steelhead Collected at John Day Dam and Used for the 2011 Dam Survival Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-summary-of-fish-rejected-from-the-2011-tagging-3d5m9gef.png Table 2.3. Summary of Fish Rejected from the 2011 Tagging Study Due to Failure to Meet Study Criteria Because of Specific Maladies https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-hydrophone-locations-in-the-dalles-dam-faced-array-118q6tnz.png Table C.1. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-steelhead-approach-and-passage-behavior-patterns-2vfzfjy7.png Figure 4.2. Steelhead Approach and Passage Behavior Patterns at The Dalles Dam During 2011: a) Day/Night Combined; b) Day; and c) Night. The sum of the percent passages for the arrival blocks equals 100%. The sum of the percentages across all arrival blocks for a given passage block equals its passage efficiency (Table 4.7). https://scispace.com/papers/survivor-spectators-and-gladiators-in-the-us-environmental-2xd78hjgho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-means-and-standard-deviations-of-outcome-2t4hmt41.png Table 1. Coding, Means, and Standard Deviations of Outcome Variables in the US General Social Survey of 2000 and 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-impact-of-perceived-severity-education-and-3695r05m.png Table 3-2. Impact of Perceived Severity, Education, and Political Views on Monetary Support for the US Environmental Movement, 2000-2010 https://scispace.com/papers/suspended-lipid-bilayer-for-optical-and-electrical-pyuqp41c54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bilayer-apparatus-with-a-a-24-x-60-mm-cover-skn2erc0.png Figure 1. The bilayer apparatus with (a) a 24 × 60 mm cover glass, (b) double-sided tape, (c) a plastic transparent sheet with three holes, and (d) three small PVC tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-2d-diffusion-trajectory-of-colicin-ia-on-the-2a4sd7qk.png Figure 4. (A) 2D diffusion trajectory of colicin Ia on the artificial suspended lipid bilayer recorded over 4s. The inset shows the single-molecule image of the fluorescein-tagged colicin Ia on the horizontal lipid bilayer. (B) MSD of the trajectory shown in Figure 4A as a function of time lag. Diffusion coefficient and velocity of the trajectory are calculated by fitting with eq 2 to be 9.77 × 10−9 cm2/s and 4.17 × 10−4 cm/s, respectively. (C) The 2D diffusion of colicin Ia on the suspended lipid bilayer over 2.7 s, which is recorded simultaneously with the conductance trajectory shown in Figure 4E. (D) MSD from the trajectory shown in Figure 4C as a function of time lag, with D and V for the motion as 11.65 × 10−9 cm2/s and 1.73 × 10−4 cm/s, respectively. (E) A single-ion-channel conductance trajectory recorded at 70 mV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diffusion-and-single-ion-channel-current-25ig3saa.png Figure 3. Diffusion and single ion channel current trajectories of colicin Ia on the suspended lipid bilayer. (A) Two dimensional diffusions of colicin Ia on the lipid bilayer. Each trajectory is 5s long and recorded with 50 ms exposure time and 50 ms delay time. (B) 20 s Long singleion-channel conductance trajectories of colicin Ia at a 70 mV transmembrane voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-an-image-of-the-suspended-lipid-bilayer-b-the-nuoqeebh.png Figure 2. (A) An image of the suspended lipid bilayer. (B) The location of the suspended lipid bilayer in the transparent sheet. The lipid bilayer and the lower surface of the transparent sheet have the same focal length ( f 0), and the upper surface of the transparent sheet has a higher focal length ( f1). (C) Schematic of simultaneous single ion-channel optical and electric current recording system. A, aperture; DM, dichroic mirror; F, filter; M, reflection mirror; OBJ, objective; BA, bilayer apparatus; and E1 and E2, electrodes. https://scispace.com/papers/swimming-upstream-local-indonesian-production-networks-in-1zg02uq4rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fiscal-transfers-and-gross-regional-domestic-product-2posbxbn.png Table 2. fiscal transfers and gross regional domestic product figures by district https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-smallholder-development-schemes-in-oil-palm-ilsbue66.png Table 1. Smallholder development schemes in oil palm. https://scispace.com/papers/swiss-francs-seem-to-make-insured-move-comparing-daily-and-58h2o9hw7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-times-the-10000-daily-step-goal-the-7500-daily-step-bb1upzfc.png Figure 4: Times the 10000 daily step goal, the 7500 daily step goal, or no goal was reached by the incentive scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-attrition-for-all-participants-that-used-the-padhi-1oyvywxr.png Figure 1: Attrition for all participants that used the PADHI and attrition for all participants that used the DHI by gender or age. https://scispace.com/papers/switching-linear-dynamical-systems-for-noise-robust-speech-46a1q2p0wn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-bayesian-network-representing-the-ar-slds-2zclnrg6.png Figure 3: Dynamic Bayesian network representing the AR-SLDS: st represents the discrete hidden switch variable, ht the continuous hidden clean signal and vt is the observed value of the sample at time t. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recognition-accuracy-of-the-sar-hmm-trained-and-1ep7coxe.png Table 2: Recognition accuracy of the SAR-HMM trained and tested with the same noise variance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-state-segmentation-given-by-a-sar-hmm-ox0l7884.png Figure 1: Example of a state segmentation given by a SAR-HMM on the digit “seven” taken from the TI-DIGITS database. The switch state is shown on top of each segment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-recognition-accuracy-of-three-1wnomlub.png Table 1: Comparison of the recognition accuracy of three models when the test utterances are corrupted by various levels of Gaussian noise. ⋆This performance is worse than without unsupervised spectral subtraction, which gives 95.5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-examples-of-signal-reconstruction-using-the-ar-ivg7e4lf.png Figure 4: Two examples of signal reconstruction using the AR-SLDS; (top) original clean signal taken from the TI-DIGITS database, (middle) noisy signal, i.e., clean signal artificially corrupted by Gaussian noise, (bottom) reconstructed clean signal. The dashed lines and the numbers show the most-likely state segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-bayesian-network-representation-of-the-sar-1yef6bfd.png Figure 2: Dynamic Bayesian network representation of the SAR-HMM; st represents the discrete hidden switch variable and vt is the observed value of the sample at time t. https://scispace.com/papers/symbolic-fractions-elicit-an-analog-magnitude-representation-194kdkzndu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-times-by-notation-distance-bin-and-grade-3qmucz2i.png Table 1. Reaction times by notation, distance bin, and grade. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-rates-by-notation-distance-bin-and-grade-thqgmwnb.png Table 2. Error rates by notation, distance bin, and grade. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reaction-times-by-distance-for-second-graders-a-and-nsjnav2t.png Figure 4 Reaction times by distance for second graders (a) and fifth graders (b). Blue = symbolic, magenta = mixed format, red = non-symbolic trials. Shading indicates 95% confidence intervals. Note: For illustrative purposes, points shown represent group mean RTs for each distance and notation and OLS best-fitting lines; however, the mixed-model was calculated using individual (not group) values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-logistic-curves-for-error-by-distance-for-second-8qw2sklq.png Figure 5. Logistic curves for error by distance for second graders (a) and fifth graders (b). Blue = symbolic, magenta = mixed format, red = non-symbolic trials. Shading indicates 95% confidence intervals. Plotted curves represent the results of the mixed-model analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-accuracy-by-block-for-fifth-graders-3a8b9uh1.png Table 6. Accuracy by block for fifth graders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accuracy-by-block-for-second-graders-vux20oaj.png Table 5. Accuracy by block for second graders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-mixed-model-results-for-error-rate-23hqfy6a.png Table 4. Logistic mixed model results for error rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnitude-comparison-task-stimuli-a-symbolic-1p1vjtmk.png Figure 1. Magnitude comparison task stimuli. (a) Symbolic fraction condition (b) mixed condition (c) Non-symbolic fraction condition. Reproduced with permission from Binzak et al. (2019). https://scispace.com/papers/symmetric-and-asymmetric-effects-of-exchange-rates-on-money-hs8au5l0tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stability-tests-for-the-ardl-and-nardl-2fa7yv7q.png Figure 2: Stability tests for the ARDL and NARDL specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-residuals-plots-for-the-ardl-and-nardl-1v6jrf8i.png Figure C.1: Residuals plots for the ARDL and NARDL specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-co-integration-tests-symmetry-tests-and-diagnostic-2ilm92wc.png Table 4: Co-integration tests, Symmetry tests and Diagnostic tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-positive-and-negative-partial-sums-3acm5j0q.png Figure B.2: Positive and negative partial sums https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-nominal-exchange-rate-31d633b1.png Figure B.1: Nominal exchange rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-source-of-the-data-3mv1x0sl.png Table A.2: Source of the data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-multipliers-1e1ernie.png Figure 1: Dynamic multipliers https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-definition-of-the-data-37asvyeu.png Table A.1: Definition of the data https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-and-pattern-formation-on-the-visual-cortex-22xh8e4bi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-honeycomb-by-marihuana-8-b-cobweb-petroglyph-20-c-s4s608pw.png Fig. 1. (a) Honeycomb by marihuana; [8] (b) cobweb petroglyph; [20] (c) tunnel [21], (d) spiral by LSD [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-isotropic-local-and-isotropic-lateral-1lkocu9u.png Fig. 3. Illustration of isotropic local and isotropic lateral connection patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-square-lattice-axial-subgroups-of-g-acting-on-c2-n4wgh0zb.png Table 1.2. Square lattice axial subgroups of Γ acting on C2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-for-ermentrout-cowan-and-for-u-ph-even-let-e-1-for-fid1xsd2.png Table 1.1. For Ermentrout-Cowan and for u(ϕ) even, let ε = +1; for u(ϕ) odd, let ε = −1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-square-lattice-maximal-isotropy-subgroups-of-g-1fl4pshl.png Table 1.3. Square lattice maximal isotropy subgroups of Γ̃ acting on C4; u ∈ C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-direction-fields-of-new-planforms-in-isotropic-model-3a9054rx.png Fig. 6. Direction fields of new planforms in isotropic model: (left) axial planform Σ2; (center) axial planform Σ4; (right) rotating wave Σ5 (direction of movement is up and to the left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thresholding-of-eigenfunctions-left-stripes-right-3u6e74nc.png Fig. 4. Thresholding of eigenfunctions: (left) stripes, (right) squares. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-direction-fields-scalar-eigenfunctions-left-and-2301oueu.png Fig. 5. Direction fields: scalar eigenfunctions (left) and pseudoscalar eigenfunctions (right) https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-based-3-d-reconstruction-from-perspective-images-3vlr37dulb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-b-in-man-made-environments-symmetric-patterns-and-344smhbt.png Fig. 1. (A,B) In man-made environments, symmetric patterns and structures are abundant. (C) The Ames room illusion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-rectangle-whose-symmetry-includes-reflections-along-18jgvyct.png Fig. 2. A rectangle whose symmetry includes reflections along the x and y axes and a rotation about o by 180 . These transformations form a symmetry group of order 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-from-top-to-bottom-different-matches-for-four-2qgleisq.png Fig. 16. From top to bottom: Different matches for four rectangles in each image with the first row showing the correct matchings. The right side shows the top view of the reconstructed 3-D scene with camera poses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-five-images-used-for-reconstruction-of-a-building-the-49spysy0.png Fig. 17. Five images used for reconstruction of a building.The last image is used solely for obtaining roof information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-top-the-four-coordinate-frames-show-the-recovered-2yh4q49x.png Fig. 18. (Top) The four coordinate frames show the recovered camera poses from the first four images in Fig. 17. The roof was substituted by a ‘‘virtual’’ one based on corners extracted from the fifth image with the symmetry-based algorithm. Blue arrows are the camera optical axes. (Bottom) Reconstructed 3-D model rendered with the original set of the four images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-system-diagram-of-the-symmetry-based-geometric-1svpoy23.png Fig. 5. The system diagram of the symmetry-based geometric segmentation algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-multiple-views-of-multiple-cells-matching-o1-and-o2-oj00y2hq.png Fig. 12. Multiple views of multiple cells matching. o1 and o2 are two real vantage points. In solving for the translation between o1 and o2, o2, and o02 are the two possible solutions for cell S1, while o2 and o 00 2 are the two possible solutions for cell S2. When the two cells do not share a rotation axis, the two ambiguous solutions o02 and o 00 2 can be eliminated since they are not consistent, i.e., g 0 1 6¼ g02. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-images-of-a-rectangle-before-and-after-a-270ylki9.png Fig. 3. Equivalent images of a rectangle, before and after a reflection gx. (left) Frontal view; (right) top view. Pr is the plane of reflection and t is its (unit) normal vector. https://scispace.com/papers/symptom-severity-and-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-1puxwd1sey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-three-groups-with-242rq4sl.png TABLE 1 Descriptive statistics of the three groups with dizziness, examined at two outpatient clinics and in a group of healthy controls https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-over-different-clinics-and-subgroups-in-2vegmkw1.png Figure 1. Overview over different clinics and subgroups in the different papers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-different-clinics-and-groups-37uhed2t.png Figure 2. Illustration of the different clinics and groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-logistic-regression-of-dizziness-38wky5ok.png TABLE 3 Univariate logistic regression of dizziness characteristics between groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-in-physical-characteristics-between-1ne70ozb.png TABLE 4 Differences in physical characteristics between groups examined with multinomial logistic regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-dizziness-related-characteristics-8o581fno.png TABLE 2 Comparison of dizziness-related characteristics between three groups of dizzy patients with and without neck pain examined at two outpatient clinics https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-induced-tunneling-in-one-dimensional-disordered-1f0osqeox2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-spatial-distribution-of-the-probability-n-2frqgp0w.png FIG. 3. Color online Spatial distribution of the probability n t 2 at three instants: a Spreading of the initial peak at the transient stage, t=9.6 10−6 T. The initial peak of amplitude 1 at n0=−153 is shown in gray. The secondary peak is not visible at this stage. b The secondary peak at −n0=153 is well developed at t =0.241 T. c The two peaks become almost equal at t=0.607 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-two-eigenstates-with-different-parity-s-2d64sxs5.png FIG. 2. Color online Two eigenstates with different parity S is even and A is odd in random symmetric potential −n= n with n =0 and n 2 = 0 2=0.1. These states belong to a doublet with energy splitting E. Insets: a Blow up of the right peaks of the eigenfunctions showing that they possess different parity. b Numerical result for the localization length as compared to the energyindependent function l E =40. The compensation of the energy dependence in l0 E is not of principal importance and is done only to simplify the discussion of the numerical results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-distribution-of-charges-arbitrary-units-3eeszgk2.png FIG. 4. Color online Distribution of charges arbitrary units for two doublets with ̄ 154 MHz, T 60 ms, 2 n0 =470 thin line and ̄ 162 MHz, T 39 s, 2 n0 =162 thick line in one of the possible realizations of a random symmetrical circuit containing 500 pairs of resonant contours. Only one eigenstate for each doublet is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-segment-of-infinite-electric-circuit-of-classical-1jr0smvn.png FIG. 1. Segment of infinite electric circuit of classical impedances. https://scispace.com/papers/synopsis-of-the-families-and-genera-of-the-hymenoptera-of-1l04236u4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-antenna-a-scape-b-pedicel-c-ringjoints-d-funicle-e-2idahdx6.png Fig. 12.—Antenna. a, scape : b, pedicel ; c, ringjoints ; d, funicle ; e, club. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-anterior-wing-of-ichneumon-3lqzbxbf.png Fig. 9.—Anterior wing of Ichneumon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1gwvdmrs.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/synlophe-structure-for-species-of-longistrongylus-nematoda-3eu0ek869q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-attributes-of-the-synlophe-among-species-of-16wnhg5v.png TABLE II. Attributes of the synlophe among species of Longistrongylus in African ungulates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-species-and-entire-specimens-of-longistrongylus-3bi04hr1.png TABLE I. Species and entire specimens of Longistrongylus examined from Africa ungulates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-longistrongylus-meyeri-showing-pattern-for-the-hskkp07s.png FIGURE 6. Longistrongylus meyeri showing pattern for the synlophe in lateral and ventral fields in the cervical zone anterior to the base of the esophagus in representative female specimen. Specimen depicted is from RVC 1673 in Gazella thomsoni showing parallel Type 2 lateral system and Type A ventral system. https://scispace.com/papers/synopsis-of-precision-landing-and-hazard-avoidance-pl-ha-2o7wi3mnz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pl-ha-venn-diagram-2r3n71h1.png Figure 1 – PL&HA Venn Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-analysis-of-stable-isotope-labelled-n-acyl-3gs12h8yqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isotope-labelled-ahl-analogues-113-226-3a-c-27-4a-h-kinxizgz.png Figure 1: Isotope-labelled AHL-analogues 1,13 2,26 3a-c,27 4a-h,28 5a-c,29 6a-e,30 7,31 8, 932 and 1033 described in the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gc-ms-data-of-discussed-ahl-molecules-ei-ms-spectra-yoqh25ei.png Table 1: GC-MS data of discussed AHL-molecules. EI MS spectra can be found in SI. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-antiproliferative-activity-of-hindered-chiral-1nk9ic3sw3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-investigated-diamondoid-based-platinum-complexes-2l884njg.png Fig. 3 Investigated diamondoid-based platinum complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bulky-diamine-ligands-known-to-be-tested-in-various-1ns8383i.png Fig. 2 Bulky diamine ligands known to be tested in various platinum complexes for antiproliferative activity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-capacity-factor-log-k-dependence-on-acetonitrile-2ha9i22y.png Fig. 5 The capacity factor (log k) dependence on acetonitrile concentration (ϕ) in moving phase (A) and correlation of experimental log P values of reference compounds with their measured capacity factor (log kw) in 100% water (B): (1), (R,R)-1; (a), acetanilide; (b), benzylic alcohol; (c), phenylacetic acid; (d), phenol; (e), aniline; (f ), guaiacol; (g), p-cresol; (h), benzophenone; (i), bromobenzene; ( j), ethyl benzoate; (k), p-chloroaniline; (l), 1-naphthol; (m), acetophenone; (n), methyl benzoate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-platinum-anticancer-drugs-31dlf5nr.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of platinum anticancer drugs approved worldwide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rates-of-nucleotide-platinum-bisadduct-formations-for-1xqnlb5s.png Fig. 8 Rates of nucleotide-platinum bisadduct formations for GMP (top) and dGMP (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-structures-of-used-nucleotide-substrates-3dc2oj2d.png Fig. 7 Structures of used nucleotide substrates. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-doped-and-undoped-zno-55z4mfzj8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cathodoluminescence-spectra-of-tb-doped-and-tb-11tmz65s.png Figure 4. Cathodoluminescence spectra of Tb-doped and Tb-Licodoped ZnO nanoparticles; 25 kV, 50 nA, 10 nm bandpass, 80 K, scan area 170 mm 130 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cathodoluminescence-spectra-of-zno-eu-li-5-12h5h9nb.png Figure 5. Cathodoluminescence spectra of ZnO:Eu, Li 5% nanoparticles; 25 kV, 50 nA, 10 nm bandpass, 80 K, scan area 170 mm 130 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-secondary-electron-sem-image-of-a-zno-nanoparticle-1tscumwh.png Figure 6. Secondary electron SEM image of a ZnO nanoparticle taken at 2 kV, with an in-lens detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cathodoluminescence-spectra-of-undoped-zno-38p11w51.png Figure 1. Cathodoluminescence spectra of undoped ZnO nanoparticles taken at 25 kV, 50 nA, 10 nm bandpass, 80 K, scan area 170 mm 130 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cathodoluminescence-spectra-of-eu-doped-and-eu-2iw4937o.png Figure 3. Cathodoluminescence spectra of Eu-doped, and Eu-Licodoped ZnO nanoparticles; 25 kV, 50 nA, 10 nm bandpass, 80 K, scan area 170 mm 130 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-near-band-edge-emission-from-h2-annealed-zno-2w049w46.png Figure 2. Near band edge emission from H2-annealed ZnO nanoparticles showing LO phonon replicas with peak positions fitted as Gaussian curves; 25 kV, 50 nA, 1 nm bandpass, 80 K, scan area 170 mm 130 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-sr-and-mg-doped-fxfw2d7dx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-3povt1at.png Table 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-3p22j8sy.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2yrfwran.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-d1i4q1cd.png Table 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-2j592ki2.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-13pcped2.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1shspbxd.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-a-novel-highly-thermal-stable-n-2k9zkn4y8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ft-ir-spectrum-of-tpapb-2p8k89vt.png Figure 1. The FT-IR spectrum of TPAPB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dsc-curves-of-monomer-tpapb-at-different-scanning-2al0n222.png Figure 4. DSC curves of monomer TPAPB at different scanning rates The kinetic parameters, activation energy and pre-exponential factor, were https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-kinetic-parameters-of-the-cure-reaction-2k5pibkt.png Table III. Kinetic parameters of the cure reaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ft-ir-spectra-of-tpapb-and-its-polymerized-product-2ftwd450.png Figure 7. FT-IR spectra of TPAPB and its polymerized product https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-different-reaction-conditions-for-the-synthesis-of-2c87r74p.png Table I. Different reaction conditions for the synthesis of TPAPB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dsc-of-the-cured-tpapb-ar-heating-rate-20-degc-min-3m6vhudf.png Figure 8. DSC of the cured TPAPB (Ar, heating rate 20 °C/min) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tga-result-of-the-cured-tpapb-ar-heating-rate-20-1ppsz7po.png Figure 9. TGA result of the cured TPAPB (Ar, heating rate 20 °C/min) Td5 (temperature of 5% weight loss, determined by the TGA trace, under argon) was 418 °C, and the residue (under argon) at 700 °C was 70%. These values were much higher than those of the bis-propargyl ether resins, e.g. Dipropargyl ether of bisphenol A (DPEBA), of which residue at 700 °C was 57%.31 From these results, it can be drawn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dsc-trace-of-tpapb-and-the-polymerized-product-ar-2xf9ywv0.png Figure 6. DSC trace of TPAPB and the polymerized product (Ar, heating rate 20 °C/min) https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-novel-phosphorus-containing-482zuqbwhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-thermal-decomposition-properties-of-bmipo-and-bmim-do1bttyc.png Table II Thermal Decomposition Properties of BMIPO- and BMIM-Cured Resin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dsc-traces-of-the-bmipo-bmim-and-epoxy-resins-3o0lib86.png Figure 4 DSC traces of the BMIPO, BMIM, and epoxy resins reacting with DDM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dsc-traces-of-bmi-epoxy-resins-reacting-with-ddm-3q2x3vjo.png Figure 5 DSC traces of BMI/epoxy resins reacting with DDM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-thermal-properties-of-bmi-epoxy-resins-reacting-1rxh0uve.png Table III Thermal Properties of BMI/Epoxy Resins Reacting with DDM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-thermal-decomposition-properties-of-bmi-epoxy-cured-2jytu5g5.png Table IV Thermal Decomposition Properties of BMI/Epoxy-Cured Resins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dsc-traces-of-bmi-epoxy-ddm-cured-resins-3nqhak9s.png Figure 6 DSC traces of BMI/epoxy/DDM-cured resins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dsc-traces-of-two-kinds-of-bmi-resins-by-self-2s4hppu4.png Figure 1 DSC traces of two kinds of BMI resins by self-curing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-thermal-properties-of-bmipo-and-bmim-by-self-curing-2nmmz5hr.png Table I Thermal Properties of BMIPO and BMIM by Self-Curing https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-properties-of-transdip-a-rigid-chelator-built-osect03rrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-proposed-fast-oscillation-of-the-cl-pd-cl-unit-2q3q9hvz.png Figure 8. Proposed fast oscillation of the Cl-Pd-Cl unit about the P–P axis in complex 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1h-nmr-spectra-of-7-top-and-8-bottom-recorded-in-2g6em46y.png Figure 9. 1H NMR spectra of 7 (top) and 8 (bottom) recorded in CDCl3 at 300.1 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-catalytic-propene-dimerisation-with-8-or-nibr2-dppe-38848eff.png Table 3. Catalytic propene dimerisation with 8 or [NiBr2(dppe)].[a] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-product-distribution-of-the-propene-dimerisation-28szqtbl.png Table 4. Product distribution of the propene dimerisation with 8 or [NiBr2(dppe)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-proposed-intermediates-in-the-dimerisation-of-288pbmgg.png Figure 12. Proposed intermediates in the dimerisation of ethene with 7/MAO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-12-recorded-in-c6d6-at-500-1-1lm6wta7.png Figure 10. 1H NMR spectrum of 12 recorded in C6D6 at 500.1 MHz. The starred signals correspond to anomeric protons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-deg-for-2-6-2-3hz41ago.png Table 1. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) for 2(6)•2(C5H12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-molecular-structure-of-complex-6-side-view-left-and-329d2l6b.png Figure 7. Molecular structure of complex 6: side view (left) and bottom view (right) showing the slightly bent Cl-Pd-Cl rod (only molecule a is represented). Hydrogen atoms and solvent molecules are omitted for clarity (except three H-5 atoms). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-swelling-behavior-of-super-absorbent-soluble-3uva47b5z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-synthesis-of-sr-14-3psoeyxx.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the synthesis of SR-14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-swelling-kinetics-of-sr-14-a-c-in-distilled-water-and-2ubzn2vv.png Fig. 6. Swelling kinetics of SR-14 (a, c) in distilled water and (b, d) 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-allied-camera-images-40x-showing-the-expansion-of-sr-16pawtgw.png Fig. 7. ALLIED camera images (40×) showing the expansion of SR-14 in distilled water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ft-ir-spectra-of-a-soluble-starch-b-naamc14s-and-c-bcblmu2j.png Fig. 1. The FT-IR spectra of (a) soluble starch, (b) NaAMC14S, and (c) soluble starchg-poly(AM-co-NaAMC14S) (SR-14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-micrographs-of-a-and-b-the-sr-14-polymer-gel-c-and-377rbqxd.png Fig. 3. SEM micrographs of (a and b) the SR-14 polymer gel, (c and d) freeze-dried SR-14 after immersion in distrilled water. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-the-degree-of-hydrolysis-on-the-water-iltbzgjg.png Fig. 4. Effects of the degree of hydrolysis on the water absorbency of SR-14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-a-soluble-starch-content-b-ratio-of-am-to-rqxf5b9a.png Fig. 5. Effects of (a) soluble starch content, (b) ratio of AM to NaAMC14S, (c) APS volume, (d) MBA amount on the water absorbency of SR-14; Effect of frequency on (e) storage modulus and (f) loss modulus of polymers before and after hydrolysis in the presence and absence of NaAMC14S. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-adsorption-properties-of-4g34vtl5nb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photographic-images-of-the-behavior-of-ps-fe3o4-go-253t8uyj.png Fig. 4. Photographic images of the behavior of PS@Fe3O4@GO composite nanoparticles in the magnetic field under different pH conditions: neutral (a), acidic conditions (pH 3–4) (b–f) and a basic condition (pH 8–9) (g). (b–f) correspond to PS@Fe3O4@GO aqueous suspension after 0 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-magnetization-curve-of-ps-fe3o4-go-hybrid-b-a-1wyvadkg.png Fig. 3. (a) Magnetization curve of PS@Fe3O4@GO hybrid, (b) a photograph represents the magnetic separation of PS@Fe3O4@GO from neutral conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tem-image-of-fe3o4-nanoparticles-b-sem-image-of-ps-373b4upi.png Fig. 1. (a) TEM image of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, (b) SEM image of PS nanoparticles, (c) SEM image of PS@Fe3O4, inset is the corresponding TEM image of PS@Fe3O4, and (d, e) SEM and TEM images of PS@Fe3O4@GO, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-uv-vis-spectra-of-rhb-ps-fe3o4-go-and-ps-fe3o4-go-7bdi9fdu.png Fig. 5. (a) UV–vis spectra of RhB, PS@Fe3O4@GO and PS@Fe3O4@GO@RhB. (b) Adsorption isotherms of RhB on PS@Fe3O4@GO. m/V (for PS@Fe3O4@GO) = 2 mg/mL, C (RhB) initial = 0–150 ppm, T = 293 K. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-cytotoxic-properties-of-43lj4ipdwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-31p-and-selected-1h-nmr-data-in-cdcl3-for-the-2gzlb44b.png Table 2 31P and selected 1H NMR data in CDCl3 for the complexes 5–6a,b and the analogous comple https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-15n-1h-hmbc-nmr-experiment-long-range-evolution-time-l99fwilr.png Fig. 1. 15N-1H HMBC NMR experiment (long range, evolution time 55 ms) in CDCl3 of the complex 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1h-31p-nmr-experiments-of-the-mixture-between-cis-pme3-2ruit5xi.png Fig. 3. {1H}31P NMR experiments of the mixture between cis-[(PMe3)2Pt(μ-OH)]2 (NO3)2 and adenosine (1:2) in DMSO-d6. a) immediately after the dissolution; b) after 4 days at 27 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-31p-1h-hmbc-nmr-experiment-in-cdcl3-of-the-complex-4-39nwtikt.png Fig. 2. 31P-1H HMBC NMR experiment in CDCl3 of the complex 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-31p-and-selected-1h-nmr-data-in-dmso-d6-for-the-kliq3wcv.png Table 1 31P and selected 1H NMR data in DMSO-d6 for the complexes 1–4 and the analogous comp https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cytotoxicity-8qaqg05o.png Table 3 Cytotoxicity. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-drug-delivery-application-of-2br152dvwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2zrp8wc2.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1ebe01gm.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-a-2-rotaxane-through-first-and-second-sphere-rpzqdo5b5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ball-and-stick-representation-of-the-interior-of-the-k4r6y8l7.png Fig. 3 Ball-and-stick representation of the interior of the macrocyclic cavity of 3 in the solid state. All of the C–H hydrogen atoms have been removed for clarity. NH…Cl hydrogen bonds are indicated by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-space-filling-stick-representation-of-the-solid-state-wt28bh7r.png Fig. 2 Space-filling/stick representation of the solid-state structure of [2]rotaxane 3, illustrating the interlocked geometry of the components (light grey sticks, macrocycle; medium grey space-filling, pyridyl ligands; dark grey space-filling, PdCl2 subunit). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-aromatic-region-of-the-1h-nmr-spectra-400-mhz-298-3d5v63hq.png Fig. 1 The aromatic region of the 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, 298 K) of free macrocycle 1 (top), [2]rotaxane 3 (middle) and free dumbbell 4 (bottom). Illustrated are the observed perturbations in chemical shift between free and interlocked components (dashed lines). NOESY experiments were performed to allow individual 1H NMR assignments. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-3d-porous-ceo2-reduced-graphene-oxide-xerogel-17khq2zkbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tga-of-ceo2-and-ceo2-rgo-xerogel-composites-1n4y44se.png Fig. 1. TGA of CeO2 and CeO2/rGO xerogel composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-go-ceo2-and-ceo2-rgo-xerogel-12lncn6c.png Fig. 2. XRD patterns of GO, CeO2 and CeO2/rGO xerogel composites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-ceo2-and-its-composite-based-h2o2-33kum49f.png Table 1 Comparison of CeO2 and its composite based H2O2 sensors and some other enzymatic H2O2 sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-amperometric-responses-of-ceo2-a-and-of-ceo2-rgo-sjyl7c40.png Fig. 8. Amperometric responses of CeO2 (a), and of CeO2/rGO xerogels (b) modified GCEs on successive mM addition of H2O2 into the stirring N2-saturated PB solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4) at -0.30 V. Inset: the amperometric responses of current and mM concentration of H2O2 and the inset of inset implies the linear relationships between the catalytic current and the concentration for amperometric responses of CeO2 (a), and of CeO2/rGO xerogels (b) modified GCEs on successive from nM to M addition of H2O2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cvs-of-bare-a-rgo-b-ceo2-c-and-of-ceo2-rgo-xerogel-zfdwnefd.png Fig. 6. CVs of bare (a), rGO (b), CeO2 (c), and of CeO2/rGO xerogel composite (d) modified GCEs in N2-saturated PB solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4) containing 3 mM H2O2. Inset: CVs of bare (a) rGO (b), CeO2 (c), and of CeO2/rGO xerogel composite (d) modified GCE in N2-saturated pure PB solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4). Scan rate: 50 mV/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-cvs-of-ceo2-rgo-xerogel-composite-modified-gce-in-n2-95owkkl5.png Fig. 7. (A) CVs of CeO2/rGO xerogel composite modified GCE in N2-saturated PB solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4) containing H2O2 in different concentrations. Scan rate: 50 mV/s. (B) CVs of CeO2/rGO xerogel composite modified GCE in N2-saturated PB solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4) in the presence of 3 mM H2O2 at different scan rates. The linear dependence of peak current with the square root of scan rate was shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tem-image-left-and-saed-pattern-right-of-ceo2-rgo-3fx66yqq.png Fig. 4. TEM image (left) and SAED pattern (right) of CeO2/rGO xerogel composite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-raman-spectra-of-go-ceo2-xerogel-and-ceo2-rgo-xerogel-3fkn7lq0.png Fig. 5. Raman spectra of GO, CeO2 xerogel and CeO2/rGO xerogel composites. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-al-mtw-with-low-si-al-ratios-by-combining-7kbgkouv3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pxrd-patterns-of-the-as-prepared-crystalline-mtw-1-1rvjsn0k.png Figure 3: PXRD patterns of the as-prepared crystalline MTW-1 and MTW-2 materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-analyses-and-acid-properties-of-the-1bezg8j5.png Table 2: Chemical analyses and acid properties of the crystalline MTW materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-textural-properties-calculated-from-n2-adsorption-xxzxc4a4.png Table 3: Textural properties calculated from N2 adsorption isotherms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-diagram-obtained-for-the-synthesis-of-37w4pahn.png Figure 2: Phase diagram obtained for the synthesis of zeolites using different diquaternary ammonium compounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-n2-adsorption-isotherms-of-the-mtw-materials-g4151vyd.png Figure 6: N2 adsorption isotherms of the MTW materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-catalytic-activity-of-mtw-samples-in-the-cracking-of-2g2mi2vw.png Table 4: Catalytic activity of MTW samples in the cracking of n-decane at 500ºC and 60s Time On Stream compared with Mordenite samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diquaternary-ammonium-compounds-proposed-as-osda-34eo2tfy.png Figure 1: Diquaternary ammonium compounds proposed as OSDA for the synthesis of the MTW structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transmission-ftir-spectra-in-the-stretching-c-c-2kewei4h.png Figure 7: Transmission FTIR spectra in the stretching C–C region after adsorbing pyridine followed by desorption at 150, 250, and 350ºC: (a) calcined MTW-1, (b) MTW-1-Exc, and (c) calcined MTW-2. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-child-speech-with-hmm-adaptation-and-voice-9ohwp2eep3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrograms-of-portions-of-the-collected-child-data-3e46qsnd.png Fig. 1. Spectrograms of portions of the collected child data, showing overlapping speech and background noise. The North American-accented English speech of a seven-year old trilingual (Spanish, English, German) female was collected using a headset microphone in an informal setting at the home of one of the authors over the course of several months. Consequently, the recordings contain considerable nonspeech sounds, including the sounds of hammering, page turning, traffic, and wildlife, and reverberation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-xab-test-for-speaker-individuality-19f66bwu.png Fig. 5. Results of XAB test for speaker individuality, comparisons among systems F, I, J, and K. Vertical lines show 95% confidence intervals (with Bonferroni correction). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-of-xab-test-for-speaker-individuality-x4oxxahm.png Fig. 6. Results of XAB test for speaker individuality; comparisons among systems L–S, Vertical lines show 95% confidence intervals (with Bonferroni correction). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-coverage-of-various-databases-slt-was-compiled-for-2gh95w5h.png TABLE I COVERAGE OF VARIOUS DATABASES. SLT WAS COMPILED FOR SPEECH SYNTHESIS USING A PHONETIC COVERAGE CRITERION, SLT2 IS A SUBSET https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-sentences-used-to-evaluate-intelligibility-of-104h40zq.png TABLE IV SENTENCES USED TO EVALUATE INTELLIGIBILITY OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SPEECH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-power-and-duration-of-phone-aa-for-child-and-c7s869sv.png Fig. 2. Plots of , power and duration of phone /aa/ for Child and SLT corpora. Medians are shown as red bars across boxes indicating quartiles, and whiskers extend to 1.5 times the inter-quartile range. It can be seen that not only does the child speech have generally higher fundamental frequency values, lower power, and longer duration values than that of the adult, but all these factors have wider ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-listening-test-results-boxplot-format-follows-22-the-308j2p03.png Fig. 3. Listening test results. Boxplot format follows [22]: “the median is represented by a solid bar across a box showing the quartiles; whiskers extend to 1.5 times the inter-quartile range and outliers beyond this are represented as circles.” https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-most-frequent-quinphone-types-in-three-corpora-1y6tpsft.png TABLE II MOST FREQUENT QUINPHONE TYPES IN THREE CORPORA. EIGHT OF THE SLT2 QUINPHONES COME FROM SEQUENCES OF FUNCTION WORDS OR FUNCTION WORDS AND VERBS (“IT WAS,” “THERE WAS,” “HE WAS,” “HE HAD,” ETC.); ONLY ONE COMES FROM A PERSON”S NAME (“PHILLIP”). SEVEN OF THE CHILD QUINPHONES COME FROM PEOPLE’S NAMES (“PICKLE,” “MRS.,” “DRAGON,” “CHRISTY,” “GREG”), AND ONLY ONE QUINPHONE FROM A FUNCTION WORD–VERB SEQUENCE (“HE SAID”) OCCURS AMONG THE MOST FREQUENT TEN https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-dota-conjugated-multivalent-cyclic-rgd-peptide-1n4woxzks3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-competition-of-specific-binding-of-111in-dota-glu-c-1nd0npqh.png Fig. 1 Competition of specific binding of 111In-DOTA-Glu-(c[RGDfK])2 with RGD dendrimers 23, 24, and 25. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-dimethyl-acetal-of-ketones-design-of-solid-acid-4uny4s3ded 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-effect-or-reacuon-time-on-the-tormauon-of-l-l-2g9tev8m.png Fig. I. Effect or reacuon time on the tormauon of l.l-dimcthoxYl:Y~· clohexanc with methanol OWl' Mg Y. CeMg-Y zcoliies. K-IO mont",. morillonite. and Ce-ment clays. Experimental condition~. Cyclohcxanone: methanol molar ratio. I:10: reaction temperature and pressure, room temperature under atmospheric pressure: cal<tly~' amount. 150 mg; gentle Ilow or dry nitrogen. • https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-obtained-in-the-acetalizution-of-1mox32c3.png Table 3 Results obtained in the acetalizution of cyclohcxanone. acetophenone. and bcnzophenonc with methanol over different solid acid catalysts 69 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acid-strength-distribution-and-surface-area-and-pore-10xlc87b.png Table 2 .,. Acid strength distribution and surface area and pore volume measurements or parent, different rare earth exchanged Mg-Y zcolues, K-IO montmorillonite and Ce-mont clays https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-hydrocarbon-fuels-using-renewable-and-nuclear-11ieloo9tl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fuel-needed-and-co2-released-for-alternate-17zke1pe.png TABLE 3. Fuel Needed and CO2 Released for Alternate Transportation Fuel Sources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rate-of-world-discovery-and-consumption-of-1geo1hwl.png Fig. 1. Rate of world discovery and consumption of conventional crude oils vs. time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-prediction-of-the-world-oil-supply-2ebuoc57.png Fig. 2. A prediction of the world oil supply. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-400-mwe-oxyfuel-plant-cost-basis-and-coe-3c1cxvcw.png TABLE 1 – 400 MWe Oxyfuel Plant Cost Basis and COE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-progress-energy-crystal-river-facility-with-4-3gyh1wrr.png Fig. 4. The Progress Energy Crystal River Facility with 4 Pulverized Coal Plants and 1 Nuclear Plant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oxyfuel-coal-plant-and-fischer-tropsch-processes-2jz7vh0h.png Fig. 3. Oxyfuel Coal Plant and Fischer-Tropsch Processes Augmented with Externally Provided Oxygen and Hydrogen Produced by Water-Splitting. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-realistic-simultaneous-positron-emission-14srqyr520 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-4d-simulation-is-based-on-a-motion-model-that-395b5vr0.png Fig. 5. The 4D simulation is based on a motion model that describes the 3D trajectory (b), of each point in a grid covering the torso (c), as a function of the displacement of the diaphragm (a). The 4D description of the motion in the torso is then used to create the 4D computational phantom (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-radioactivity-distribution-for-the-68-ga-13gg4kel.png Fig. 8. Simulated radioactivity distribution for the 68 Ga-PSMA (a) without blurring and (b) with blurring for 68 Ga at 3 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-coronal-planes-of-the-18-f-fdg-p3a4k995.png Fig. 6. Examples of coronal planes of the 18 F-FDG distribution for one respiratory position and for the average of 1800 respiratory positions showing the motion artifacts. Arrows indicate the tumors. All three breathing types are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-coronal-planes-of-the-68-ga-psma-3ttao56p.png Fig. 7. Examples of coronal planes of the 68 Ga-PSMA distribution for one respiratory position and for the average of 1800 respiratory positions showing the motion artifacts. Arrows indicate the tumors. All three breathing types are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synthetic-tumor-characteristics-before-and-after-3zdhq4tz.png Table 2: Synthetic tumor characteristics before and after applying blurring for 68 GA-PSMA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-of-two-selected-coronal-planes-of-2irf46i8.png Fig. 9. Example of two selected coronal planes of reconstructed images for 18 FFDG distribution with and without motion correction. Arrows indicate the tumors. Results for the breathing type-3 are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-demonstration-of-the-motion-model-the-control-points-2jni2okb.png Fig. 1. Demonstration of the motion model. The control points are plotted separately for the inspiration and the expiration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-breathing-curves-and-corresponding-bimo3b8i.png Fig. 2. Examples of breathing curves and corresponding displacement histograms for nine patients. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-vibrational-and-thermal-properties-of-new-t0eudrv8li 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1l1c32dd.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3thermal-properties-of-etohmim-cl-and-etohmim-h2po4-1ois0rgb.png Table 3Thermal properties of [EtOHMIM + ][Cl - ] and [EtOHMIM + ][H2PO4 - ]. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-structural-characterisation-and-theoretical-1sm1lh50rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-molecular-structure-of-1-showing-the-atom-27keg3rq.png Fig. 1.The molecular structure of 1, showing the atom-labelling scheme and displacement ellipsoids at the 70% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-a-summary-of-the-dnorm-contact-distances-adjusted-to-fqpuw2pr.png Table 6 A summary of the dnorm contact distances (adjusted to neutron values) for interactions present in 1, as computed through a Hirshfeld Surface analysis.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-perspective-views-of-the-dnorm-map-for-1-showing-11gxg8ne.png Fig. 5. Perspective views of the dnorm map for 1, showing relevant short contacts indicated by the red spots on the Hirshfeld surface with varying intensities within the range of -0.0081 to 1.0105 arbitrary units highlighting: (a) H7a···O1 and C1···C13 and (b) H5b···O1, H5a···N2 and C1···C13. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-comparison-of-wiberg-bond-orders-for-all-non-14n1mcz7.png Table 4 A comparison of Wiberg bond orders for all non-hydrogen bonds in 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-interaction-energies-kcal-mol-for-close-contacts-3065jkk5.png Table 8 Interaction energies (kcal/mol) for close contacts present in 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-comparison-of-the-percentage-distributions-of-2umqfk01.png Table 7 A comparison of the percentage distributions of close Hirshfeld surface contacts in 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-lattice-energy-elattice-and-the-corresponding-23z9n91w.png Table 9 The lattice energy (Elattice) and the corresponding energy components (Eelectrostatic, Epolarization, Edispersion and Erepulsion) calculated for a cluster of molecules within 25 Å from a reference molecule through the CE-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) model. All values are expressed as kcal/mol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-view-of-the-supramolecular-tape-in-the-crystal-of-2-2pppnv42.png Fig. 3. A view of the supramolecular tape in the crystal of 2 sustained by C–H···O(ring carbonyl) and C–H···N(pyridazinyl) interactions shown as orange and blue dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-peptides-derived-from-the-sequence-of-a-lasso-5gl5oc55za 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-circular-dichroism-spectra-for-mccj25-1-and-6-in-3fj8pmjh.png Figure 3. Circular dichroism spectra for MccJ25, 1 and 6 in methanol at 25 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-curves-of-microcin-j25-peptide-1-and-peptide-210uznvi.png Figure 2. Growth curves of microcin J25, peptide 1, and peptide 6 using broth assay against Salmonella newport. MICs were defined as the lowest peptide concentration that caused 100% growth inhibition (0.05 AU). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rp-hplc-chromatograms-of-peptides-1-top-6-middle-2h3mz3j1.png Figure 4. RP-HPLC chromatograms of peptides 1 (top), 6 (middle) and MccJ25 (bottom) after incubation with pepsin at time 0 and 30 min. On the right side are shown the cleavage sites for the peptides. A linear gradient was run on a C18 Vydac column (4.6 mm x 250 mm) over 35 min from 15 to 50% isopropyl alcohol/water 0.05% (v/v) TFA with a flow rate of 2 mL/min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-58-amino-acid-mcja-precursor-peptide-is-49x8m3tz.png Figure 1. (A) A 58 amino acid McjA precursor peptide is converted into mature antimicrobial form, MccJ25 by McjB and McjC enzymes. The ribbon representation of the lasso structure of MccJ25 (PDB ID code 1Q71)6 is shown. Antiparallel β-sheets are shown in green and yellow, and the amide bond between residues G1-E8 is shown as stick model. (B) Amino acid sequences of MccJ25 and derived peptides 1-6. Substitutions of amino acids in the peptide derivatives are shown in yellow for cysteine and red for others. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-antibacterial-activity-of-mccj25-and-synthetic-1n8cqsqu.png Table 1. Antibacterial activity of MccJ25 and synthetic peptide derivatives (1 and 6) against Gram-negative bacterial strains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-treatment-with-mccj25-peptide-1-and-24eguato.png Figure 5. Effects of treatment with MccJ25, peptide 1 and peptide 6 on the oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption of bacteria growing in the presence of peptides was expressed as a percentage of the oxygen concentration of the control culture (without peptides). Data correspond to mean values of three independent experiments. Error bars correspond to the standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-speech-detection-using-phase-information-y88brt3j71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phasegrams-of-a-voiced-speech-segment-with-five-13at3y4g.png Figure 2: Phasegrams of a voiced speech segment with five continuous vowels. (a) Instantaneous phases. (b)Relative phase shift (c) Signal waveform. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-eer-in-percentage-for-the-different-types-of-2dzi5zws.png Table 6. Average EER in percentage for the different types of synthetic signals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eer-in-percentage-of-the-different-systems-tested-dmgq3bit.png Table 4. EER in percentage of the different systems tested against the ASVProof database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-training-and-evaluation-subsets-for-the-different-1s8iyco2.png Table 2. Training and evaluation subsets for the different strategies for model training. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eer-in-percentage-of-the-different-system-types-3c6pe3m1.png Table 3. EER in percentage of the different system types tested against the ASVProof database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mgd-spectrogram-of-a-voiced-speech-segment-with-32qfbe15.png Figure 3: MGD spectrogram of a voiced speech segment with five continuous vowels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ssd-system-structure-2vxeorn4.png Figure 4: SSD system structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-interpretation-of-the-rps-transformation-23xil5oo.png Figure 1: Graphical interpretation of the RPS transformation: for an analysis instant ta the RPS of k is the phase shift of that component with respect to the fundamental component at the point where the period of the fundamental component starts (to). https://scispace.com/papers/system-reliability-based-direct-design-method-for-space-b43j80uvac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-weights-for-gravity-loads-d-l-for-cold-formed-steel-lv861ruk.png Table 4: Weights for gravity loads D + L for cold-formed steel structures [34]. 541 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nominal-roof-drift-ratios-and-annual-reliability-2csffgf6.png Table 7: Nominal roof drift ratios and annual reliability indices (roof drift limit state) for 552 selected HSS moment frames. 553 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-braced-frame-3-subjected-to-gravity-load-only-failure-1l7nb3fe.png Fig. 7: Braced Frame 3 subjected to gravity load only, failure mode: BFY https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-resistance-factors-phs-for-hss-moment-frames-nh9k00jv.png Table 3: System resistance factors (ϕs) for HSS moment frames under gravity loads. 537 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogram-of-the-ultimate-lateral-strength-factor-for-26t5j6ig.png Fig. 5: Histogram of the ultimate lateral strength factor for moment Frame 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-b-phs-curve-for-moment-frame-3-under-combined-gravity-al6opwsw.png Fig. 6: β-ϕs curve for moment Frame 3 under combined gravity and wind loads, failure mode: BFY-CFY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-system-resistance-factors-phs-for-hss-moment-frames-3ifbgaed.png Table 5: System resistance factors (ϕs) for HSS moment frames subjected to combined gravity 545 and wind loads. 546 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-basic-random-variables-531-3qqbf9nr.png Table 1: Statistics of the basic random variables. 531 https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-control-design-for-half-bridge-converters-with-3a4fdnwcy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physical-circuit-and-virtual-reference-circuit-2ji7roe5.png Fig. 1. Physical circuit and virtual reference circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-result-showing-controller-performance-1bwuaj3v.png Fig. 4. Experimental result showing controller performance without disturbance observer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-result-showing-controller-performance-f8cmpoz7.png Fig. 5. Experimental result showing controller performance with disturbance observer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-virtual-circuit-control-vcc-algorithm-1wi6umvt.png Fig. 2. Summary of Virtual Circuit Control (VCC) algorithm comprising three steps: 1) State estimation M 2) Reference state generator from the desired virtual reference circuit R, and 3) Model inversion M−1. The controller time scale preceding the actuator time scale shows that the controller reacts one-step ahead to compute the control law. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-important-matrices-with-cv-cp-and-l2v-l2p-13i34bo2.png TABLE I IMPORTANT MATRICES WITH Cv = Cp AND L2v = L2p https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-detection-of-divergent-brain-proteins-in-human-1wr59j6wao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-protein-coding-genes-expressed-in-wfxegz0k.png Figure 4. Evolution of protein-coding genes expressed in different cell types. (A–C) Funnel plots summarizing the evolution of protein-coding genes specifically expressed in different cell types within the human cerebral cortex (Supplemental Table S6; Nowakowski et al. 2017) (A), human cortical layers (Supplemental Table S6; Hodge et al. 2019; Tasic et al. 2018) (B), and the mouse cerebellum (Supplemental Table S6; Carter et al. 2018) (C). (D) Venn diagram of the PSGs expressed specifically in those cell types, with the corresponding Protein–Protein Interaction network (STRINGdb) (Jensen et al. 2009) and their annotated association with micro- and macrocephaly (HPO) (Köhler et al. 2019). (EN-V1) primary visual cortex neurons; (RG-early) radial glia early cortical progenitors; (MGE-div) medial ganglionic eminence dividing cells; (Exc) excitatory; (L3-5) layers 3–5; THEMIS, UBE2F, PLA2G7, and so forth are cell type markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-protein-coding-genes-associated-2ei7ok7j.png Figure 5. Evolution of the protein-coding genes associated with microcephaly or macrocephaly in humans. Scatter plots comparing ωGC12 between Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes for the microcephalyand macrocephaly-associated genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-protein-coding-genes-across-tissues-2mq7zfsq.png Figure 1. Evolution of protein-coding genes across tissues and biological functions. (A) Analysis pipeline for the extraction of ωGC12, a corrected and normalized measurement of the evolution of protein-coding genes that behaves like a Z-score and takes into account the GC content of codons. (B) Hierarchical clustering, based on ωGC12, across all protein-coding genes (1:1 orthologs in hominins with medium coverage) (Supplemental Table S1). (C) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments for the red and blue clusters in B (for all GO terms, see Supplemental Table S2). Horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. (D) Funnel plot summarizing the evolution of protein-coding genes specifically expressed in different tissues of the human body (Supplemental Table S3). Horizontal and vertical axes indicate, respectively, the effect size and the statistical significance. Circle size indicates the number of proteins in the set. The dashed horizontal line indicates the threshold for significance after Bonferroni correction. Stars indicate the set of genes for which statistical significance was achieved in multiple comparisons after correction, with a bootstrap taking GC12 content and coding sequence length into account. (HS) Homo sapiens; (6-EPO ancestor) the reconstructed ancestral genome of primates based on alignments of Homo sapiens, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, rhesus macaque, and marmoset genomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-brain-disorder-associated-protein-2ih4psmb.png Figure 6. Examples of brain disorder–associated protein-coding genes displaying specific divergence in hominins during primate evolution. (A) Representation of 16 genes with dN/dS > 1 in Homo sapiens and archaic hominins but dN/dS < 1 for other primates. (B) Representation of hominin-specific nonsynonymous variants of the AHI1 gene, showing the correspondencewith the protein (dotted lines indicate exons); note how two variants lie within the WD40 functional domains. Red stars indicate variants (CADD>5) relative to the ancestor present in Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, and Denisovans, but not in Pan troglodytes. (WD40) WD40 repeat; (SH3) SRC homology 3; (CC) coiled coils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-brain-related-protein-coding-genes-a-b-ndyzo9ns.png Figure 2. Evolution of brain-related protein-coding genes. (A,B) Funnel plots summarizing the evolution of protein-coding genes specifically expressed in brain substructures (A) and synaptic functions (B); the dashed horizontal line indicates the threshold for significance after Bonferroni correction. Stars indicate sets of genes for which statistical significancewas achieved for multiple comparisons with bootstrap correction. (C,D) SynGO sunburst plots showing nested statistically conserved (blue) biological processes (C) and cellular components (D) of the synapse. The circle in the center represents the root node, with the hierarchymoving outward from the center. A segment of the inner circle bears a hierarchical relationship to those segments of the outer circlewhich lie within the angular sweep of the parent segment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brain-protein-coding-genes-and-human-diseases-a-1dulwui1.png Figure 3. Brain protein-coding genes and human diseases. (A) Distribution of ωGC12 and Venn diagrams describing SCGs and PSGs situated at the extremes of the ωGC12 distribution (>2SD) specifically expressed in the brain (genes with specificity Z-score >2 in any brain-related tissues of Figs. 1D and 2A), related to the synapse or brain diseases (Supplemental Table S4). (∗) Addition of four genes (FARSB, KRT14, NPHS1, RSPH1) containing Homo sapiens–specific mutations predicted as deleterious (CADD>15). (B) Odds ratios for protein-coding gene sets related to brain diseases (Fisher’s exact test; asterisks indicate P-values significant after Bonferroni correction; horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-identification-of-functional-snps-interrupting-3-y55eob0bpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pas-snps-indicated-by-caviar-as-putative-causal-pa-3i6y3qg2.png Fig 3. PAS SNPs indicated by CAVIAR as putative causal pA-QTLs. A. Bars showing the number of pA sites significantly associated with pA-QTLs per tissue, and the proportion of cases in which the corresponding PAS SNP is included in CAVIAR’s credible set. B. Distribution of the number of different tissues in which each PAS SNP was indicated as pA-QTL variant. 49 PAS SNPs were indicated as causal pA-QTLs in at least 10 tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-genome-wide-pa-qtl-analysis-of-3utr-snps-a-comparison-2jbckhnc.png Fig 7. Genome-wide pA-QTL analysis of 3’UTR SNPs. A. Comparison between effect magnitudes (the absolute value of the slope calculated by FastQTL) of PAS pA-QTLs and other 3’UTR pA-QTLs (for both sets, we did not require here inclusion in CAVIAR’s credible set). B. Location distribution of the GUGU motif with respect to 3’UTR p(A) sites (annotated in polyA DB). This motif shows a strong peak at ~20 nt downstream of the cleavage site. C. The effect of pA-QTLs interrupting a GUGU motif on 3’UTR length. (This analysis included the subset of these variants that were contained in CAVIAR’s credible set; �p-value<0.05; calculated using a one-tailed binomial test). D. Association between pA-QTLs interrupting a GUGU motif, 3’UTR length and gene expression (eQTLs). Shown here are variants detected as pA-QTLs in at least three tissues. Colors are as in Fig 5D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-pas-interrupting-alleles-pias-on-3utr-9tra3hi9.png Fig 4. The effect of PAS interrupting alleles (PIAs) on 3’UTR length. A. Cartoons illustrating the anticipated 3’UTR lengthening effect of PIAs (left) and the unexpected 3’UTR shortening effect, due to elevated usage of an alternative proximal p(A) site (right). Note that in the lengthening case the PIA is associated with decreased pAUI levels whereas in the shortening case, the PIA is associated with elevated pAUI levels. B. An example of a PAS pA-QTL (rs1130319 in the 3’UTR of ADI1) whose PIA is associated with 3’UTR shortening (increased pAUI). Notably, this PAS SNP is detected as a pA-QTL in five different tissues, and in all these cases its PIA is consistently associated with 3’UTR shortening effect (shown in D) (nominal p-values obtained using FastQTL linear regression as described in the Methods). C. A bar chart of the effect of PAS pA-QTL’s PIAs on 3’UTR length per tissue. As expected, in the vast majority of cases the PIA showed a lengthening effect. D. PIA effect on 3’UTR length. Shown are all PAS pA-QTLs detected in at least five tissues. Remarkably, in all these cases, the PIAs showed a consistent effect over all the tissues in which its PAS SNP was detected as a pA-QTL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-colocalization-of-pa-qtl-eqtl-and-gwas-signals-p2dw8n2u.png Fig 6. Colocalization of pA-QTL, eQTL and GWAS signals. Examples of PAS pA-QTLs that showed marked colocalization with both eQTL and GWAS signals in the 3’UTRs of the genes: A. BECN1. B. PPP2R1B. C. DIP2B. Dots are colored according to their LD (r2) with the PAS SNP (calculated according to GTEx VCF files for eQTL plots and according to genome 1000 VCFs files for GWAS plots). Diamond shape signifies the PAS SNP. CLPP is colocalization posterior probability calculated using eCaviar (Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-colocalization-of-pa-qtl-and-eqtl-signals-a-an-example-r7r5dncr.png Fig 5. Colocalization of pA-QTL and eQTL signals. A. An example of a PAS SNP (rs14434 in the 3’UTR of EIF2A) that is both a pA-QTL and an eQTL (of this gene). The PIA of rs14434 (which is the C allele) is associated with lower pAUI at the corresponding p(A) site (and thus, 3’UTR lengthening) and lower expression level of EIF2A. Notably, rs14434 consistently showed this same effect in five different tissues (Fig 5D). B. An example of the uncommon case where a PIA (the G allele, in this case) was associated with decreased pAUI of the corresponding p(A) site (that is, 3’UTR lengthening) but with higher expression of the target gene. This PIA showed the same effect in three different tissues (Fig 5D) (pA-QTL nominal p-values calculated using FastQTL linear regression as described in the Methods, eQTL p-values were obtained from GTEx v7). C. A Cleveland dot plot of the PAS pA-QTLs overlapping an eQTL (for the same gene) whose PIA showed a 3’UTR lengthening effect. Arrow indicates the direction of the link between the PIA and gene expression. In all tissues, 3’UTR lengthening was significantly associated with decreased expression (one-tailed binomial tests, p-values< 0.05 in all tissues). D. Association between PIA effect on 3’UTR length (coded by color) and gene expression (shown by an arrow). Cases supported by the colocalization of the pA-QTL and eQTL signals (CLPP> 0.01) are shown in darker colors. (Shown in this heatmap are the PAS pA-QTLs with lengthening/shortening effect in at least seven tissues and that overlapped a GTEx eQTL in at least one tissue. Squares with no color indicate no overlap with eQTL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-systematic-identification-of-pas-snps-in-the-human-2ttpbf4p.png Fig 1. Systematic identification of PAS SNPs in the human genome. A. We defined as PAS SNPs those that are located within 40-nt upstream of an annotated 3’UTR p(A) site and have an allele that interrupts the canonical PAS sequence AATAAA or its main variant ATTAAA. We considered all the 3’UTR p(A) sites annotated in poly(A) DB (release 3.2), and all ~37M SNPs included in GTEX v7. We detected 2,305 such SNPs. Each biallelic SNP has a reference allele (the allele that appears in the genome’s reference sequence) and an alternative allele. Among the 2,305 PAS SNPs detected by our screen, 1,708 SNPs have the alternative allele interrupting the PAS sequence and 597 SNPs have the reference allele disrupting the signal. B. An example of a PAS SNP whose alternative allele interrupts the PAS signal (rs16858150 in the 3’UTR of CACNA1E; left) and a PAS SNP whose reference allele interrupts it (rs1866562 in the 3’UTR of RNF169; right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pa-qtl-analysis-a-we-used-the-p-a-site-usage-index-18gqcaqa.png Fig 2. pA-QTL analysis. A. We used the p(A) site usage index (pAUI) to quantify cleavage efficiency at each annotated 3’UTR pA site in each RNA-seq sample. The pAUI is defined as the ratio (in log2 scale) between the counts of 3’UTR reads mapped upstream of the pA site (common 3’UTR segment; cUTR) and those mapped downstream of it (alternative 3’UTR segment; aUTR) (Methods). We then used this index to detect PAS SNPs that show a significant association between alleles and pAUI levels of their p(A) site. SNPs showing such association are referred to as pA-QTLs. The expected pattern, as shown in this cartoon, is that the PAS-preserving allele is associated with higher usage of the p(A) site while the PAS-interrupting allele (PIA) is associated with reduced usage of this site (resulting in 3’UTR lengthening). Heterozygotes for such SNPs are expected to show intermediate pAUI levels compared to the two homozygotes. The cartoon illustrates reads coverage on a 3’UTR for three RNA-seq samples of varying levels of pAUI, colored according to the genotype of the PAS SNP. B–D. Examples of three PAS SNPs consistently detected as pA-QTLs in multiple tissues. In each example, the left panel shows read coverage in the gene’s 3’UTR from RNA-seq samples of two selected donors from each PAS SNP genotype. The vertical purple line marks the location of the PAS SNP. The genome reference sequence around the PAS SNP is shown below. Violin plots in the middle and left panels show the distribution of pAUI levels in each genotype group for a given tissue (In each plot, homozygotes of the PAS-preserving allele are shown in the left, heterozygotes–in the middle, and homozygotes to the PAS-interrupting allele (PIA)–in the right violin. The number of individuals in each group is indicated in parentheses, shown are nominal p-values obtained using FastQTL linear regression as described in the Methods). (In C, “Brain” refers to “Brain caudal nucleus”, and in D, “Heart AA” refers to “Heart atrial appendage”). https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-of-iochrominae-solanaceae-patterns-in-floral-1z8rfafdyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crossability-versus-relatedness-in-iochrominae-18g5t0z6.png Figure 3. Crossability versus relatedness in Iochrominae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crossing-relationships-among-iochrominae-26fokmfa.png Figure 2. Crossing relationships among Iochrominae. Crossability shown here is the ratio of the product of actual seed and seed viability between inter- and intraspecific crosses (Table 2). Flowers shown to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reconstructions-of-floral-traits-phylogeny-from-29677j2x.png Figure 1. Reconstructions of floral traits. Phylogeny from Smith and Baum (2006). Branches with > 70% bootstrap support and > 95% posterior probability marked with triangles. Branches that additionally are supported by a majority of individual gene analyses are marked with filled triangles. Generic names are abbreviated (Iochroma, Acnistus, Eriolarynx, Dunalia, Vassobia, Saracha, Physalis, Leucophysalis grandiflora, Witheringia, Tubocapsium, Cuatresia, Larnax sachapapa). See methods for details of taxon sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-self-incompatibility-in-iochrominae-generic-names-c6a7ypfe.png Table 1. Self-incompatibility in Iochrominae. Generic names are abbreviated (Acnistus, Dunalia, Eriolarynx, Iochroma and Vassobia). https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-of-the-design-shapes-in-the-optical-merit-3syzn45ufk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-obtaining-from-a-mi-2-critical-point-ci-i-8-22-the-rn30xtsu.png Fig. 5 Obtaining from a MI 2 critical point Ci (i=8…22) the corresponding system shape Mi. Here, i=10. The system with dashed lenses is the starting point for local optimization. The two dashed lenses are the menisci for which the curvatures have been increased. In addition to M10, other system shapes are also obtained. Fig.6. C2 with SPC (upper system) and NETMIN (lower system) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-main-valleys-a-and-b-called-system-shapes-two-367teu1y.png Fig. 1. Two main valleys, A and B, called system shapes. Two local minima, A1 and A2, with a low merit-function barrier between them, form valley A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-22-fundamental-critical-points-c-i-computed-with-2wxffbp0.png Fig. 7 The 22 fundamental critical points C*i computed with the toy model for triplets. For comparison, the overlap with the critical points Ci of the numerical merit function shown in Fig. 4 (here in red, dashed) is also given. The overlap is so good that the two drawings can barely be distinguished. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-saddle-point-with-morse-index-1-the-direction-of-the-3rjb42rr.png Fig. 3. Saddle point with Morse index 1. The direction of the eigenvector having the negative eigenvalue is shown in green. Only one https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-critical-point-c-15-computed-with-the-toy-model-lgz6r8ih.png Figure 8. a.) Critical point C*15 computed with the toy model for object at infinity. b) Starting point for local optimization derived from C*15. First, Eq. (28) was used for surfaces 3, 4, 5 and 6, and then surfaces 1 and 2 were slightly changed so that the focal length constraint is satisfied. c) A well-known Cooke triplet design results from our modified optimization of 8b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-22-fundamental-system-shapes-mi-for-triplets-all-2gopbqsd.png Fig. 4 The 22 fundamental system shapes Mi for triplets. All system shapes can be obtained with local optimization from the MI 1 critical points C2 –C7 and from the MI 2 critical points C8 –C22. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-and-the-direction-of-optimization-comes-close-to-the-ndqmjmij.png Fig. 2 and the direction of optimization comes close to the direction of steepest descent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-set-of-six-curvatures-for-the-22-critical-points-c-i-1hlf73mk.png Table 1. Set of six curvatures for the 22 critical points C*i for triplets with TM=-1 with the two analytic models https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-lidocaine-decreased-the-perioperative-opioid-4czzlfrb9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visual-analog-scale-scores-in-the-postanesthesia-34zr3st7.png Figure 2. Visual analog scale scores in the postanesthesia care unit over time. Results are presented as mean sd (*P 0.05 between the groups). Numbers above columns indicate group size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-opioid-requirements-in-the-lidocaine-group-versus-1702ujo5.png Figure 1. Opioid requirements in the lidocaine group versus the placebo group intraoperatively, in the postanesthesia care unit, for 24 h after discharge, and total opioid consumption. Results are presented as mean sd (*P 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-data-24cl7zol.png Table 2. Patient Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-opioid-equivalent-doses-1uzljnpc.png Table 1. Opioid Equivalent Doses https://scispace.com/papers/systemic-linear-polyethylenimine-l-pei-mediated-gene-3686n66ki0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intravenous-injection-of-l-pei-dna-complexes-in-the-3446e3np.png Figure 2 . Intravenous injection of L-PEI/DNA complexes in the mouse leads to detectable reporter gene expression in various organs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gene-delivery-in-vivo-requires-cationic-complexes-179xlf4q.png Figure 3. Gene delivery in vivo requires cationic complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-charge-zeta-potential-left-axis-of-l-pei-34poysoc.png Figure 6. Surface charge (zeta potential, left axis) of L-PEI/DNA complexes and percentage of cationic polymer present in complexes formed in 5% glucose (right axis) as a function of the PEI to DNA ratio (N/P). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-systemic-gene-delivery-leads-to-scattered-25l6wn2c.png Figure 7. Systemic gene delivery leads to scattered expression profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-pattern-of-ss-galactosidase-in-the-lung-7i4zsg6c.png Figure 4. Expression pattern of ß-galactosidase in the lung A) Control experiment: section of a Xgal-incubated lung after transfection with L-PEI/pCMVluc complexes (magnification X100). B) After ß-galactosidase gene delivery, the left lung lobe shows intense and evenly distributed blue staining. C) Section through the alveolar region shows 1-5% ßgal-positive cells (X100); inset: epithelial cells of the small conducting airways are not transfected. D) Higher magnification of transfected alveoli (X400) and of a capillary (inset X800). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gene-delivery-to-the-lung-is-decreased-by-tail-vein-abd73fus.png Figure 5. Gene delivery to the lung is decreased by tail vein injection of L-PEI/DNA complexes in a smaller volume or by mixing with serum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conversion-chart-between-overall-transfection-2algf23q.png Figure 1. A conversion chart between overall transfection levels (as measured by luciferase activity) and the percentage of ß-galactosidase-positive cells. https://scispace.com/papers/systems-level-profiling-of-arginine-starvation-reveals-myc-46fzc6fh4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-see-legend-on-next-page-1mh56hle.png Fig. 4 (See legend on next page.) https://scispace.com/papers/table-lookup-based-crossbar-arbitration-for-minimal-routed-22ywcmfmx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-matching-power-arbitration-throughput-tradeoffs-in-2uajlc5c.png Figure 4. Matching Power, Arbitration Throughput tradeoffs in TabArb https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-base-router-model-2ap6tw6o.png Figure 1. Base Router Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-arbitration-implementation-1msctxmo.png Figure 2. Arbitration Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-performance-258k4b21.png Figure 3. Overall Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-network-configurations-13tw4tja.png Table 1. Network Configurations https://scispace.com/papers/tackling-the-largest-global-education-challenge-secular-and-3albd9hlf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-children-aged-6-14-years-who-can-read-11bnanpj.png Table 3: Percentage of children aged 6 14 years who can read by school attendance status, northern Nigeria, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-decision-on-secular-and-religious-2584pc6m.png Table 4: Determinants of decision on secular and religious education, bivariate probit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-five-year-cohorts-who-have-ever-365bdpj5.png Figure 1: Percentage of five year cohorts who have ever attended school https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-nigeria-with-geopolitical-zones-and-states-36dowvs5.png Figure 2: Map of Nigeria with geopolitical zones and states https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-of-children-aged-6-14-years-who-can-read-3nz1z8do.png Figure 4: Percentage of children aged 6 14 years who can read in English by grade and wealth status, northern Nigeria, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-number-of-schools-by-year-of-1djboiyz.png Figure 3: Cumulative number of schools by year of establishment in Kano State https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gross-attendance-ratio-north-east-and-northwest-199rddqh.png Table 1: Gross attendance ratio, North East and NorthWest zones, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-secular-and-religious-education-attendance-north-1ktzs01v.png Table 2: Secular and religious education attendance, North East and North West zones, 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/tainted-food-low-quality-products-and-trade-uwn7jfcjs2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-foreign-firms-profits-a-low-quality-15ddmd4s.png Table 2 The Foreign Firm’s Profits (a) Low-quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-firm-fs-strategies-and-market-structures-a-firm-f-17f7n8f8.png Table 1 Firm F’s Strategies and Market Structures (a) Firm F Producing Low Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-errors-of-testing-qnz5re84.png Table 4 Errors of Testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-testing-errors-and-foreign-firms-profits-a-low-1128o4fz.png Table 5 Testing Errors and Foreign Firm’s Profits (a) Low-quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-components-of-domestic-welfare-a-firm-f-produces-low-1umse6k9.png Table 7 Components of Domestic Welfare (a) Firm F Produces Low Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monotonicity-results-of-equation-12-1y77ee5z.png Table 3 Monotonicity Results of Equation (12) https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-gamification-for-adolescents-a-validation-study-of-2sece5u91b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-path-diagram-for-the-hexadmodel-with-encodings-5k42i9id.png Figure 4: Path diagram for the Hexadmodel, with encodings similar to Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-path-diagram-for-the-bfi-44-model-circles-and-239w450x.png Figure 3: Path diagram for the BFI-44 model. Circles and rectangles represent factors and indicators respectively; arrows indicate direct effects. Factor covariations and error terms εi are suppressed for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-violin-plots-for-297-bfi-44-left-and-293-hexad-1q7h2cid.png Figure 2: Violin plots for 297 BFI-44 (left) and 293 Hexad (right) questionnaire submissions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hexad-gamification-user-types-and-their-associated-1wuwc6x8.png Table 1: Hexad gamification user types and their associated motivations based on [98]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fit-indices-for-bfi-10-bfi-44-and-hexad-fpv8ot91.png Table 5: Fit indices for BFI-10, BFI-44 and Hexad. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-big-five-personality-traits-based-on-46-50-76-28v6ejg4.png Table 2: Big Five personality traits based on [46, 50, 76]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-the-bfi-44-questionnaire-which-is-a-5-point-likert-75t3se0g.png Table 12: The BFI-44 questionnaire, which is a 5-point Likert scale (Completely disagree, Disagree, Agree nor disagree, Agree, Completely agree). Items whose number ends with an “r” are reverse-scored. The BFI-10 item numbers are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fit-indices-and-their-cut-off-levels-as-used-for-cfa-20kj5iqd.png Table 3: Fit indices and their cut-off levels as used for CFA model evaluation in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-responsibility-for-border-security-commercial-o7guttwydd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-collaborations-and-tensions-between-stakeholders-1g26cqk4.png Table 3 Collaborations and Tensions between Stakeholders https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviews-undertaken-3t1cqfmf.png Table 1: Interviews Undertaken https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stakeholders-and-their-interests-1cwk9hpw.png Table 2: Stakeholders and their Interests https://scispace.com/papers/taking-the-lab-to-the-field-experimental-tests-of-1oxrd2qu9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-induced-costs-for-bidders-of-type-1-and-type-2-2vmbmikl.png Table 1. Induced costs for bidders of type 1 and type 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wilcoxon-matched-pairs-signed-rank-tests-of-3kcs9you.png Table 5. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests of procurer’s cost https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bidding-behavior-for-bidders-with-decreasing-costs-2vmzsftt.png Figure 1. Bidding behavior for bidders with decreasing costs in simultaneous and combinatorial auctions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-cles-submitted-bids-sek-for-a-specific-type-of-road-2on9kycj.png Table 11. CLE’s submitted bids (SEK) for a specific type of road marking line across counties 1998-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wilcoxon-matched-pairs-signed-rank-tests-of-1uuqq7o6.png Table 4. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests of efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-across-mechanisms-3nz9bo71.png Table 3. Efficiency Across Mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-contracts-auctioned-out-in-region-middle-2nmf39j3.png Table 7. Contracts auctioned out in Region Middle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cles-bids-in-region-middle-thousand-sek-1wtzosf5.png Table 8. CLE’s Bids in Region Middle, thousand SEK https://scispace.com/papers/target-assembled-exciplexes-based-on-scorpion-3v903jxf0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scorpion-sequence-with-chemical-modifications-and-2ier1kri.png Figure 2. Scorpion sequence with chemical modifications and exciplex-partner bearing probe oligonucleotides used. (A) Diagram of constructs used (the region of sequence complementary to the sequences modified with potential exciplex partners is in bold). (B) Sequences of control probe and exci-probe oligonucleotide components of the detection system. Exciprobe-3'-p indicates that the 3' position bears a free phosphate group instead of an exciplex partner. (C) Chemical structures of exciplex partners shown with 5'-pyrenyl and 3'-naphthalenyl modifications as examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detection-of-pcr-products-with-scorpion-26guijvz.png Figure 1. Detection of PCR products with Scorpion oligonucleotide probes (A) the Scorpion primer with a 5'-extension of a probe, a pair of self-complementary stem sequences and a fluorophore-quencher pair. (B) After PCR extension from the primer, the target region is attached to the same strand as the probe. (C) Following a second round of denaturation and annealing, when the probe hybridises to target, the fluorophore is no longer close to the quencher and fluorescence is emitted (Whitcombe et al 1999). https://scispace.com/papers/tank-riser-pit-decontamination-system-pit-viper-return-on-492xjxnam6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-project-w-521-scope-and-schedule-8cxrkk6j.png Table 2.4. Project W-521 Scope and Schedule https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-return-on-investment-as-a-function-of-learning-and-3swiox1e.png Table 4.4. Return on Investment as a Function of Learning and Estimated Labor https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-8-s-112-retrieval-project-radiation-dose-and-scope-1im05p9j.png Table A.8. S-112 Retrieval Project Radiation Dose and Scope https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-return-on-investment-as-a-function-of-weather-and-1nj9ohhz.png Table 4.5. Return on Investment as a Function of Weather and Estimated Labor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-project-w-211-scope-and-schedule-2dirpdkb.png Table 2.3. Project W-211 Scope and Schedule https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-dose-to-workers-inside-tent-assumes-400-mrem-hr-at-33tf72la.png Table 4.1. Dose to Workers Inside Tent (assumes 400 mrem/hr at pit edge) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-ssts-retrieved-from-fy-2003-to-fy-2012-1tw7qmea.png Table 2.5. SSTs Retrieved from FY 2003 to FY 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-radiation-dose-rate-data-with-hot-pits-included-gtrttvas.png Figure 2.1. Radiation Dose Rate Data with Hot Pits Included https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-nanopore-sequencing-with-cas9-for-studies-of-2xk8asbr32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-variation-studies-a-coverage-data-from-1asxf0gp.png Figure 3: Structural Variation Studies (A) Coverage data from three deletions in the GM12878 lymphoblast cell line, showing increased coverage from the deleted (shorter) allele. Reads were segregated into parental allele of origin using the haplotype-aware tool HapCUT217 with reference data from familial trio sequencing9. Yellow triangles show Cas9 cut site and guideRNA direction (B) IGV plots showing reads and coverage at two deletions present in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell line and absent in the MCF-10A cell line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-176-annotated-variants-are-present-in-the-140kb-h27k5rxy.png Table 2: 176 annotated variants are present in the 140kb (total) being queried across all sites. Comparing variant calling performance with samtools and nanopolish software tools, both on raw data as well as requiring variants to be supported by data from both strands (dual-strand-filter). Sensitivity = (True positives result / All true positives) Positive Predictive Value = (True positive result / All positive results) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-method-schematic-and-coverage-data-a-schematic-of-fvgwwplb.png Figure 1: Method schematic and coverage data (A) Schematic of Cas9 enrichment operation. ROI = region of interest. DNA ends are first dephosphorylated, new cuts introduced with Cas9/guideRNA complex, nanopore sequencing adaptors are ligated to cuts around the ROI and and the sample is loaded to the nanopore sequencer. (B) Representative read-plots for the MCF-10-A cell line at GSTP1. Yellow triangles show Cas9 cut site and guideRNA direction (C) Coverage plots at the GSTP1 gene in the three breast cell lines and GM12878 cell line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snv-detection-igv-plot-of-the-captured-region-1j58djj0.png Figure 4 : SNV detection IGV plot of the captured region around the TP53 gene in GM12878. Reads were error-corrected using the ‘phase- reads’ nanopolish module and all variants called by nanopolish for both the MinION data (top) and flongle data (bottom). Boxes above the region show SNVs in the platinum genome reference9, colored boxes represent detected variants passing the dual-strand filter. Three false positive variants are visible in the flongle data IGV plots; no false positives were present in the MinION data in this region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-coverage-and-percent-of-total-on-target-1n455nce.png Table 1: Average coverage and percent of total on-target reads at ten loci in four cell lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-methylation-studies-and-comparison-with-expression-2aj412vz.png Figure 2: Methylation Studies and Comparison with Expression Data Data shown for GSTP1 & KRT19; 3 additional genes in Supplemental Figure S1. (A) Read-level methylation plots using IGV for GM12878 cell line at the promoter and gene body for GSTP1 and KRT19 (B) Comparison of Illumina WGBS data and Cas9-Nanopore methylation calls in the GM12878 cell line (C) Read-level methylation plots using IGV for the three breast cell lines (MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7) https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-vs-universal-provision-of-support-in-high-risk-4yfhon58nf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-ss-and-fs-study-families-living-below-14kzye4m.png Figure 1: Percentage of SS and FS study families living below the nationally recognised poverty line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-children-above-below-and-within-the-dsxx8f98.png Figure 2. Proportion of children above, below and within the normal range of functioning across subscales measured using the SOGS. https://scispace.com/papers/task-context-effects-in-bilingual-nonword-processing-26knrhzai2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-rts-in-ms-and-error-rates-ers-in-for-words-in-2rhznzs2.png Table 3. Mean RTs (in ms) and error rates (ERs; in %) for words in all context conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-english-like-and-german-like-c31rruo8.png Table 1. Characteristics of English-like and German-like nonwords https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-rts-in-ms-and-error-rates-ers-in-for-nonwords-a04vhhnn.png Table 2. Mean RTs (in ms) and error rates (ERs; in %) for nonwords in all task conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-reaction-times-for-english-like-and-german-1a9858e6.png Figure 1. Mean reaction times for English-like and German-like nonwords in the three task conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/task-mapping-on-supercomputers-with-cellular-networks-4m0m0x4qn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-8-timing-results-for-running-smg2000-on-a-8x-4x-4-bg-hab74hfx.png Table 5.8: Timing results for running SMG2000 on a 8× 4× 4 BG/L mesh https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-20-timing-results-for-running-npb-cg-benchmark-on-a-2em2zfpd.png Table 5.20: Timing results for running NPB CG benchmark on a 8 × 4 × 4 BG/L mesh https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-19-timing-results-for-running-npb-cg-benchmark-on-a-2utc2ft7.png Table 5.19: Timing results for running NPB CG benchmark on a 8 × 4 × 2 BG/L mesh https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-21-timing-results-for-running-npb-cg-benchmark-on-a-18c5i6w1.png Table 5.21: Timing results for running NPB CG benchmark on a 8 × 4 × 8 BG/L mesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-mpi-latency-us-of-a-0-byte-packet-on-a-8x-8x-16-2as9kdxp.png Figure 4.2: MPI latency(µs) of a 0 Byte packet on a 8× 8× 16 BG/L system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-ga-procedure-64-qnvezydl.png Figure 2.4: GA Procedure [64] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-2d-version-of-the-network-connections-in-qcdoc-68-64stpinv.png Figure 3.2: 2D version of the network connections in QCDOC [68] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-segment-of-the-mpi-profile-0-for-npb-cg-class-b-142lsz88.png Figure 6.1: Segment of the mpi profile.0 for NPB CG (Class B) benchmark It lists all MPI communication functions with the number of times that https://scispace.com/papers/task-specific-elevation-of-motor-learning-by-conjunctive-1r8fvadn0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transcranial-two-photon-imaging-of-tdcs-induced-1k6nkq0r.png Fig. 3. Transcranial two-photon imaging of tDCS-induced modulation of cortical neuronal activity. (A) Schematic diagram depicting the optical window over the thinned skull, for two-photon imaging of M1 neurons in a head-fixed mouse on the rotating treadmill. (B) Example https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-tdcs-on-mouse-learning-of-the-rotarod-1irtfarx.png Fig. 1. Effects of tDCS on mouse learning of the rotarod running task. (A) Training Protocol: The mouse was subjected each day to a 5-min familiarization trial at a constant low speed, followed by three 5-min trials (separated by 5 min inter-trial interval) at linearly increasing rotation speed. (day 1 & 2: 4 - 40 rpm; day 3 & 4: 8-80 rpm). (B) Schematic diagram depicting the electrode configuration. “Stim”: tDCS electrode. “Ref”: reference electrode. “S”: sham (no current). “+”: anodal. “-”: cathodal. (C) The average time of staying on the rotarod during each trial. (D) The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-task-specific-restoration-of-rotarod-learning-by-p1ee8rn2.png Fig. 4. Task-specific restoration of rotarod learning by online anodal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-tdcs-induced-modulation-of-rotarod-learning-1de4z6d0.png Fig. 2. Effects of tDCS-induced modulation of rotarod learning on the learning of beam walking. (A) Experimental protocol of beam walking. The mice were subjected to anodal online tDCS in the same manner as that described in Fig. 1C, except that rotarod task was followed by a beam walking learning task in the absence of tDCS. The mice were subjected to wide beam (25 mm) familiarization, followed by three trials on the thinner beam (day 1 & day 2, 7 mm; day 3 & day 4, 3 mm). (B and C) Data from dual-task experiments. Average time on the rotarod (in B) was presented as that in Fig.1C. The reduction in the average frequency of hindlimb slips (in C) during the 4-day training of beam walking. Note that online anodal tDCS during rotarod running improved rotarod learning (in B), but had no https://scispace.com/papers/task-switching-costs-disappear-if-non-chinese-participants-qpz1fard4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-experiment-2b-for-16-chinese-29o5gnri.png Figure 5. Results of Experiment 2B for 16 Chinese participants receiving task rule instructions. (a) The bar graphs show mean RTs (top) and mean ERs (bottom) for each trial condition (repeat-congruent, repeat-incongruent, switch-congruent, switch-incongruent). The error bars indicate ±1 SEM. (b) The violin plots illustrate the RT distributions of the Chinese participants for repeat and switch trials. Overlayed jittered dots represent the average RTs of each participant. The black horizontal bar and the box around it represent the mean and 50% CI of the mean for each condition, respectively. (c) Violin plots illustrate RT distributions for congruent and incongruent trials. (d) The line graph illustrates the interaction between strategy group and stimulus order. Mean RTs in congruent trials (dashed lines) and incongruent trials (solid lines) are shown for task rule group (filled circle) and target-first group (open circle). The error bars indicate ±1 SEM. Con = Congruent; Inc = Incongruent; Rep = Repeat; Swi = Switch Note: ***p <.001; ** p < .01; * p < .05; ns = non-significant https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-1-results-of-two-mixed-effect-anova-on-rt-215phv0x.png Table 1 Experiment 1: Results of two Mixed Effect ANOVA on RT and ER, using Trial transition (repeat, switch), Congruency (congruent, incongruent) as within-subjects factors, and Language Group (Chinese, non-Chinese) as between-subject factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-2b-results-of-two-anovas-with-mixed-1i5lnent.png Table 3 Experiment 2B. Results of two ANOVAs with mixed effects on mean RTs and ERs, using Trial transition (repeat, switch), Congruency (congruent, incongruent) and Stimulus order (composite, cue-first, and target-first) as within-subjects factors, and Strategy (target-first, task rule) as between-subjects factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-experiment-2a-a-the-bar-graphs-show-mean-1tnkofo7.png Figure 3. Results of Experiment 2A. (a) The bar graphs show mean RTs (top) and mean ERs (bottom) for each trial condition (repeat-congruent, repeat-incongruent, switch-congruent, switch-incongruent). The error bars indicate ±1 SEM. (b) The violin plots illustrate RT distributions for all participants (16 Chinese and 16 non-Chinese pooled) for repeat and switch trials and each stimulus order (composite, cue-first, and target-first condition). Jittered dots represent average RTs of participants. The black horizontal bar and the box represent the mean and 50% CI of the mean in each condition. (c) Violin plots illustrate RT distributions of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-experiment-1-a-the-bar-graph-on-top-bvnjchnl.png Figure 2. Results of Experiment 1. (a) The bar graph on top displays RTs and the bar graph below displays ERs of each trial condition (repeat congruent, repeat incongruent, switch congruent and switch incongruent). The error bars denote ±1 SEM. (b) The violin plots illustrate RT distributions for the repeat and the switch condition in each language group (Chinese, non Chinese). Jittered dots inside the violin plots represent average RTs for each participant. The black horizontal bar and the box around it represent the mean and 50% CI of the mean in each condition, respectively. (c) Violin plots illustrate RT distributions for the congruent and incongruent condition in each language group. Con = congruent; Inc = Incongruent; Rep = Repeat; Swi = Switch Note: ***p <.001; ** p < .01; * p < .05; ns = non-significant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overview-of-task-rules-and-target-first-strategy-a-31xqlei9.png Figure 4. Overview of task rules and target-first strategy. (a) Typical task rules includes two sets of conjunctive rules. A participant needs to execute two nested IF-THEN statements to arrive at the correct response. (b) The target-first strategy for Experiment 1. If the number 五 (5) or 六 (6) is shown, then the participant only needs to apply a single IF-THEN rule or a simple target-response association. However, if the number 四 (4) or 七 (7) is shown, then the participant needs to execute two nested conjunctive rules that are similar to the task rules, however target and cue are exchanged. (c) The equivalent target-first strategy for Experiment 2A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-chinese-characters-used-as-task-1lsl34w3.png Figure 1. Illustration of the Chinese characters used as task cues and target stimuli and their combinations. (a) Cues for odd/even and high/low task. (b) Simplified Chinese numbers as stimuli and all eight cue-stimulus combinations and key presses (left, right) for correct responses in Experiment 1. The character on the top of each combination is the task cue, and the character on the bottom is the target stimulus (number). (c) Traditional Chinese numbers as target stimuli and all cue-stimulus combinations and key presses (left or right) for correct responses in Experiments 2A and 2B. Note that the simplified and traditional Chinese numerals look very different. https://scispace.com/papers/task-variation-and-mental-models-divergence-influencing-the-2j9kvkf3wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-indirect-effect-of-task-variation-on-performance-1pgifxly.png Table 2. The Indirect Effect of Task Variation on Performance Transfer as Moderated by Mental Models Divergence (N = 17). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-among-the-26urn408.png Table 1. Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations Among the Study Variables (N = 17). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effect-of-the-interaction-between-the-2a6987ue.png Figure 1. The effect of the interaction between the experimental condition and mental models divergence on performance transfer. Note. Low task variation = Teams in the control condition. High task variation = Teams in the task variation condition. Low mental models divergence = Mental models that converged across four measurement points. High mental models divergence = Mental models that diverged across four measurement points. https://scispace.com/papers/tasting-as-a-social-practice-a-methodological-experiment-in-2k1ki756yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-monicas-meal-in-lisbon-from-video-29by9pop.png Fig 1: Mónica’s meal in Lisbon (from video) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-testing-the-firmness-of-garlic-c-angela-meah-gukvp28a.png Fig 2: Testing the firmness of garlic © Angela Meah https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-tasting-events-39jls3td.png Table 1: The tasting events https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pineapple-with-mint-c-monica-truninger-arpgui7y.png Fig 3: Pineapple with mint © Mónica Truninger https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ted-and-william-at-the-stove-c-angela-meah-1njzisqp.png Fig. 4: Ted and William at the stove © Angela Meah https://scispace.com/papers/tct-hybrid-preconceptual-blanket-design-studies-4ld01h0u59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-43-1i8icx85.png FIGURE 43. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tct-hybr-id-f-i-r-s-t-wall-fab-r-i-ca-t-i-on-double-17sd34ln.png FIGURE 6. TCT Hybr id F i r s t Wall Fab r i ca t i on (Double Wall Concept) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-production-rates-f-o-r-blanket-with-helium-cooled-1ysfbwza.png TABLE 6. Production Rates f o r Blanket with Helium-Cooled Carbon and P i n La t t i ce https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-production-rates-f-o-r-blanket-with-converter-and-xcr7shpl.png TABLE 7. Production Rates f o r Blanket with Converter and Large Lithium Zone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-uranium-238-differential-scattering-cross-section-b3ppx7wa.png FIGURE A-4. Uranium-238 Differential Scattering Cross Section at 14 MeV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-31-6-ss-fatigue-characteristics-1o73uy56.png FIGURE 19. 31 6 SS Fatigue Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-converter-geometry-hz56grtu.png FIGURE 7. Converter Geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-swel-l-ing-behavior-o-f-n-i-316-ss-and-pe-16-a-t-1753kmht.png FIGURE 14. Swel l ing Behavior o f N i , 316 SS and PE-16 a t 25°C w i t h Bombardment b ?O MeV atoms. A l l ma te r i a l s https://scispace.com/papers/taxonomic-identity-phylogeny-climate-and-soil-fertility-as-2rbydrv3vi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-three-study-regions-the-ranges-of-zroszyf1.png Table 1. Description of the three study regions. The ranges of environmental variables across study sites are given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-for-climatic-and-soil-variables-165fa8oj.png Table 2. Correlation matrix for climatic and soil variables. Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1. All pair-wise correlations are significant at P ≤ 0.05 except the one between AET and Ir. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-general-linear-models-for-the-effects-of-3hgmo0vh.png Table 5. Summary of general linear models for the effects of environmental variation (climatic variables: GST, GSP, AET and VPD as a group, soil variables: BD, SOC, and STN as a group; site) and taxonomic variation (family; genus; species) or phylogeny (1st and 2nd order group; species) on individual leaf traits. For the taxonomic variation, “Species” was nested within “Genus”, and “Genus” was nested within “family”, while for the phylogenetic variation, “Species” was nested into “2nd order group”, and “2nd order group” was nested within “1st order group”. Explanatory terms are listed in the order of their entry into the models. Leaf traits, SOC and STN were log transformed prior to analysis. Df: degree of freedom, %SS: percentage of sum of squares explained, Sig.: significance level. Abbreviations as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-leaf-traits-and-environmental-zkckhor9.png Table 4. Correlations between leaf traits and environmental variables. Abbreviations as in Table 1. Leaf traits, SOC and STN were log-10 transformed prior to analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-leaf-traits-for-two-plant-functional-groupings-and-1gj37mas.png Table 3. Leaf traits for two plant functional groupings and regions. Means (± 95% confidence interval) and medians are shown. Means with different letters in superscripts are significantly different at the 5% significance level (Tukey’s post hoc test) within the same group. https://scispace.com/papers/tdp-43-proteinopathy-alters-the-ribosome-association-of-4lzn5eezlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mrnas-enriched-with-tdp-43-in-a-drosophila-model-of-9nwefmkq.png Fig. 1 mRNAs Enriched with TDP‑43 in A Drosophila Model of ALS. a Experimental schematic for RNA immunoprecipitations of human TDP‑43, specifically from the motor neurons of third instar larvae. b, c Volcano plot displaying mRNAs enriched with TDP‑43 in TDP‑43WT (b) and TDP‑43G298S. All genes associated with TDP‑43 (log2FC > 0) are displayed regardless of significance. c) proteinopathy, relative to transcript levels in the ventral https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-altered-dlp-mrna-levels-modify-tdp-43-induced-3knv3z1o.png Fig. 6 Altered dlp mRNA levels modify TDP‑43 induced locomotion defects. a Larval turning times for dlp mRNA overexpression in the w1118 genetic background (control for OE experiments), TDP‑43WT, TDP‑43G298S and TBPHRNAi. N = 29 for w1118, 29 for dlpOE, 30 for TDP‑43WT, 37 for TDP‑43WT dlpOE, 31 for TDP‑43G298S, 36 for TDP‑43G298S dlpOE, 32 for TBPHRNAI, 31 for TBPHRNAi dlpOE. b Larval turning times for dlp RNAi in the attp40 genetic background (control for RNAi experiments), TDP‑43WT, and TDP‑43G298S. N = 30 for attp40, 31 for dlpRNAi, 29 for attp40 TDP‑43WT, 37 for TDP‑43WT dlpRNAi, 29 for attp40 TDP‑43G298S, 38 for TDP‑43G298S dlpRNAi, 30 for TBPHRNAi, 28 for TBPHRNAi dlpRNAi. Significance determined using the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dlp-is-altered-in-the-context-of-tdp-43-proteinopathy-1exnbzfo.png Fig. 8 Dlp is altered in the context of TDP‑43 proteinopathy. Dlp mRNA is enriched in TDP‑43 complexes, depleted from ribosomes and sequestered in insoluble/urea complexes. Taken together, these findings and our observations of Dlp protein being reduced at the NMJ and accumulating in puncta within cell bodies and neuropils suggest multiple cellular defects including local translation inhibition at synapses, axonal trafficking and endomembrane trafficking deficits https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-afterschool-program-staff-and-mothers-relationships-1idh4kzahb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-information-2hob1mwt.png Table 1. Participant information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-childrens-relationships-with-classroom-teachers-3bu02vtd.png Table 4. Children’s relationships with classroom teachers, afterschool program staff, and mothers in 1st grade predicting children’s adjustment at school in 2nd grade. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variation-in-childrens-closeness-and-conflict-with-3j355xf0.png Table 3. Variation in children’s closeness and conflict with classroom teachers, afterschool program staff, and mothers in 1st grade. https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-choice-of-content-and-consideration-of-3zvt8yj4wc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-different-content-emphasis-and-the-teacher-2tbzfcoc.png Table 3: Three different content emphasis and the teacher perceptions and descriptions which differ between emphasis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-core-content-described-in-the-finnish-national-2l0445tk.png Table 1: The Core content described in the Finnish national curriculum with selected parts from courses BI2 and BI5 https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-professional-practice-conducting-mathematical-dcl0u0rr8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-answer-of-marianas-group-question-2-xa3xcc5z.png Figure 3. Answer of Mariana’s group, question 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-framework-to-analyse-teachers-actions-from-ponte-25i9ck1u.png Figure 1. A framework to analyse teachers’ actions (from Ponte et al., 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-task-2-collecting-stickers-1dzsa558.png Figure 4. Task 2, Collecting stickers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-answer-of-rui-and-leonardo-to-question-1-31v29vcs.png Figure 7. Answer of Rui and Leonardo to question 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-task-4-sharing-pizzas-3cgi5n8l.png Figure 6. Task 4, Sharing pizzas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-task-3-order-four-rational-numbers-in-different-29vx0ee4.png Figure 5. Task 3, Order four rational numbers in different representations. https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-graph-algorithms-to-children-of-all-ages-42xfgt7awx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-circles-connected-by-a-single-line-3dmkjwp6.png Figure 1: Two circles connected by a single line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-red-blue-and-green-red-sk1l5x1u.png Figure 2: Red-Blue and Green-Red https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shortest-path-problems-increasing-in-difficulty-1phq2dmw.png Figure 4: Shortest Path Problems — Increasing in difficulty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-typical-student-generated-shortest-path-problem-3kl3v1pm.png Figure 5: A typical student-generated shortest path problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-subgraph-problem-2lnjdlyq.png Figure 3: Typical Subgraph Problem https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-graphics-with-the-opengl-shading-language-j3moakbcfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simple-glsl-vertex-shader-1jdkhv38.png Figure 1. A simple GLSL vertex shader. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cube-mapping-in-a-glsl-fragment-shader-oagvieg5.png Figure 3. Cube Mapping in a GLSL fragment shader. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cube-mapping-using-the-fixed-function-opengl-api-yx2wocmu.png Figure 2. Cube Mapping using the fixed-function OpenGL API. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-students-rating-of-the-quality-of-the-courses-2w9p5aks.png Table 1. Students’ rating of the quality of the course’s assignments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-students-response-to-the-statement-i-put-3myhod5r.png Table 2. Students’ response to the statement “I put considerable effort into this course.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshots-of-some-of-the-final-course-projects-2yxsul43.png Figure 4. Screenshots of some of the final course projects that made use of GLSL. From left to right: chromatic aberration on a camel (a), a space shooter with per-pixel lighting and particle effects (b), complex illumination from dynamically-filtered environment maps (c), dynamic shadows using realtime raytracing in a fragment shader (d). https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-johnny-not-to-fall-for-phish-4amsas3gfh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-instructional-design-principles-used-in-our-research-23tyczl3.png Table I. Instructional design principles used in our research https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-applying-signal-detection-theory-sdt-to-anti-phishing-1j7qqrpo.png Fig. 9. Applying signal detection theory (SDT) to anti-phishing education We treat legitimate websites as “non signal,” and phishing websites as “signal.” Sensitivity (d′) measures users’ ability to distinguish signal from non-signal. Criterion (C) measures users’ decision tendency (C < 0 indicates cautious users , C = 0 indicates neutral users, C > 0 indicates liberal users). As a result of training users may a) become more cautious, increasing C; b) become more sensitive, increasing d′; or c) a combination of both. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-signal-detection-theory-analysis-phishguru-and-anti-1rm1b78p.png Table IX. Signal Detection Theory analysis. PhishGuru and Anti-Phishing Phil increased user’s sensitivity, while existing training materials made users more cautious. * indicates statistically significant differences (p <0.05). A two-sample t test was performed pre- and post-test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-participants-in-the-phishguru-studies-3hqjycuk.png Table VI. Participants in the PhishGuru studies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-users-who-clicked-on-the-links-in-each-fnodffyy.png Fig. 3. Percentage of users who clicked on the links in each condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-applying-the-instructional-design-principles-in-102zv69n.png Table VII. Applying the instructional design principles in Phil design https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-participants-for-the-anti-phishing-phil-study-1se1z8b4.png Table VIII. Participants for the Anti-Phishing Phil study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-false-negatives-and-false-positives-on-pre-test-and-27b8c49y.png Fig. 7. False negatives and false positives on pre-test and post-test. The differences in false negatives between groups are not statistically significant. The game condition has significantly lower false positives than the existing training materials. https://scispace.com/papers/technical-advisors-as-brokers-translating-gender-equality-39c1324qhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-institutional-elements-governing-bilateral-3q8v3czg.png Figure 2. Institutional Elements Governing Bilateral Cooperation and Technical Advisors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-technical-assistance-as-dual-role-actors-developed-bvy8n7cx.png Figure 1. Technical Assistance as Dual Role Actors (developed by the authors) https://scispace.com/papers/technical-and-economic-evaluation-of-the-utilization-of-4t7yu7sbha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-peak-power-demand-breakdown-of-all-energy-consumers-3sfc2nuj.png Figure 4: Peak power demand breakdown of all energy consumers at SANAE IV (updated from Teetz, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-year-average-january-daily-radiation-at-1b1s5q71.png Figure 1: Five-year average January daily radiation at Neumeyer station (1994 to 1998) compared to SSE data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-sanae-iv-measured-data-with-the-sse-3bh9e31z.png Figure 2: Comparison of SANAE IV measured data with the SSE dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-of-solar-thermal-collector-connected-to-1wiclu5y.png Figure 6: Schematic of solar thermal collector connected to Snow Smelter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-seasonal-variations-of-diesel-consumption-146o3up1.png Figure 5: Seasonal variations of diesel consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expected-average-values-of-insolation-at-sanae-iv-2hjpnisv.png Table 1: Expected average values of insolation at SANAE IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-financial-outcomes-under-various-economic-conditions-1yshhmhy.png Table 2: Financial outcomes under various economic conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-npv-of-savings-generated-by-solar-thermal-system-1nqs32dq.png Figure 8: NPV of savings generated by solar thermal system (MARR 8 % and 0 %) https://scispace.com/papers/technical-efficiency-of-small-scale-fishing-households-in-3tqy0lb2o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-technical-efficiency-and-inefficiency-2bw9zzsv.png Figure 1: Technical efficiency and inefficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-of-the-stochastic-production-17ymr8an.png Table 3: Parameter estimates of the Stochastic Production Frontier; *, ** and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-technical-efficiency-score-1la4dlpo.png Figure 2: Distribution of Technical Efficiency score frequencies amongst the small-scale fishing households surveyed https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-technical-inefficiency-function-and-e66bh0y8.png Table 5: Estimated Technical Inefficiency Function; *, ** and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-appraisal-of-fossil-fuelled-power-generation-2i19kfrbmv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-global-state-of-the-art-of-ccs-technologies-source-1cqvxk51.png Table 1: Global state-of-the-art of CCS technologies (Source: adapted from the 2005 IPCC Special Report on CCS [3]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cost-of-co2-gas-storage-eor-enhanced-oil-recovery-9jknbwg8.png Fig. 9. Cost of CO2 gas storage. [EOR: Enhanced Oil Recovery] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-innovation-chain-and-its-actors-source-allen-et-al-1nhkzjjb.png Fig. 1. The ‘innovation chain’ and its ‘actors’. (Source: Allen et al. [22]; adapted from the UK Department of Transport [23]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uk-ccs-options-195mwoze.png Table 2: UK CCS options https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimated-average-of-co2-transport-cost-1xrpfwre.png Fig. 8. Estimated average of CO2 transport cost. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-power-plant-co2-emissions-with-and-without-w-o-carbon-25ay45zk.png Fig. 7. Power plant CO2 emissions with and without (w/o) carbon capture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-plant-efficiency-with-and-without-w-o-carbon-m03mft18.png Fig. 5. Power plant efficiency with and without (w/o) carbon capture on a LHV basis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-penalty-of-power-plant-associated-with-carbon-2xk3lovd.png Fig. 6. Energy penalty of power plant associated with carbon capture. https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-assessment-of-cascade-air-to-water-heat-pump-7m7pcncw7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-statistical-measures-of-the-results-between-the-heat-8l2dm2aw.png Table 6: Statistical measures of the results between the heat pump model and field trial data (the measured values in the days related to sensor fault were removed from the calculations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-the-heat-pump-model-and-29amdcvy.png Figure 11: Comparison between the heat pump model and laboratory experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-daily-building-heat-demand-comparison-between-the-nu6xrzhw.png Figure 12: Daily building heat demand comparison between the model and the field data for three periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-daily-house-heat-demand-versus-daily-mean-air-1wap1296.png Figure 13: Daily house heat demand versus daily mean air temperature between the model and the field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-monitoring-results-of-electric-input-power-and-cop-1ff27wk1.png Figure 5: Monitoring results of electric input power and COP against air temperature with DeltaT ≥ 12°C and outlet water temperature of 75 ± 1°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-influence-of-weather-compensation-on-monthly-23ggz3tu.png Figure 16: Influence of weather compensation on monthly COPsys improvements in Belfast-Northern Ireland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-comparison-of-annual-running-costs-between-the-7tkdmnjc.png Figure 21: Comparison of annual running costs between the retrofit CAWHP in three operating modes and boilers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-seasonal-cop-comparison-between-the-models-36qbpbf9.png Table 7: Seasonal COP comparison between the model’s predictions and the field data of three modes (Note that the results in this table are for calibration and validation purpose only). https://scispace.com/papers/technology-adoption-and-critical-mass-the-case-of-u-s-yqvv1u160l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ev-prices-and-long-run-ev-stock-175a9l49.png Figure 11: EV Prices and Long-Run EV Stock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-long-run-equilibrium-case-iv-1u5klm8f.png Figure 6: Long-Run Equilibrium (Case IV) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ev-purchase-equation-with-ln-m-as-the-dependent-354v5ffj.png Table 7: EV Purchase Equation with ln 𝑠M}" as the Dependent Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-summary-statistics-1v2dfkfw.png Table 1: Data Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spatial-distribution-of-evs-in-the-long-run-2u2lfudk.png Figure 10: Spatial Distribution of EVs in the Long-Run Equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-long-run-equilibrium-case-ii-3jon0omv.png Figure 4: Long-Run Equilibrium (Case II) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ev-purchase-equation-with-the-ln-1-m-as-the-18bdueo2.png Table 2: EV Purchase Equation with the ln  (1 − 𝑠M}") as the Dependent Variable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-long-run-equilibrium-case-i-7wz20pck.png Figure 3: Long-Run Equilibrium (Case I) https://scispace.com/papers/tectonic-significance-of-the-cretaceous-granitoids-along-the-545fl1v5qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2xlw9sa1.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-32wc6ghu.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1vrg374n.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fn8ifai4.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-21g0l8gi.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-2au8joez.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-51bh83hh.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3jkzhr17.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/telegraph-noise-in-markovian-master-equation-for-electron-4rpj4x30tw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noise-averaged-current-in-a-molecular-junction-with-15hacqbh.png FIG. 3. Noise averaged current in a molecular junction with electronvibration interaction as a function of the applied voltage bias computed for different values of the number of telegraph jumps per unit time. Parameters used in the calculations: ΓR = 0.01, ΓL = 0.01, T = 0.05, λ = 1, ω = 1, = 0—all energy units are measured in terms of vibrational frequency energy ω. The unit for electric current isω (or if we put ~ and e back, it is eω/~) and values of voltage bias V sd are given in ω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-noise-averaged-current-for-a-single-resonant-level-as-2b15jha2.png FIG. 2. Noise averaged current for a single resonant-level as a function of the applied voltage bias for different values of the number of telegraph jumps per unit time α. Parameters and units are the same as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-noise-averaged-current-for-a-single-resonant-level-as-1zflikx2.png FIG. 1. Noise averaged current for a single resonant-level as a function of the applied voltage bias for different values of the amplitude of the telegraph noise γ. Parameters used in calculations: ΓR = ΓL = Γ = 1, T = 0.1, and = 0—all energy units are given in terms of Γ. The unit for electric current is Γ (or if we put ~ and e back, it is eΓ/~) and values of voltage bias V sd are given in Γ. https://scispace.com/papers/templated-synthesis-of-end-functionalized-graphene-5ctnz4j9nl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-and-x-ray-crystal-structure-of-1256-13-3imxbaa7.png Figure 1. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of 1,2,5,6(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-3,7-diyne (1) and ROAMP catalyst 2. A. Major steps include Suzuki coupling, high-dilution macrocyclization, photoredox desulfonylation, and triflation/elimination to give 1. B. Single X-ray crystal structure of 1. C. Single X-ray crystal structure of 2•tBuOH. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Colour coding: C (gray), H (white), O (red), N (blue), Mo (turquoise). Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon in 2•tBuOH and ligand disorder are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectroscopic-characterization-of-poly-1-poly-10-1o5n2943.png Figure 3. Spectroscopic characterization of poly-1, poly-10, ROAMP-cGNR, and cGNRs. A. 1H-13C CP-MAS SSNMR spectra of poly-10 and ROAMP-cGNRs (*spinning side band) showing the upfield shift of the fused GNR carbon core. B. Raman spectra of ROAMPcGNRs and an authentic sample of cGNRs prepared through Yamamoto step-growth polymerization (514 nm excitation). C. IR (ATR) of poly-1a, poly-10a, and ROAMP-cGNRs. D. UV-Vis spectra of ROAMP-cGNRs and cGNRs prepared through Yamamoto stepgrowth polymerization. Dispersions were prepared by sonicating 0.2 mg GNR in 2 mL NMP for 1 h and filtering through glass wool to remove large aggregates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-roamp-of-1-to-poly-1-and-its-post-polymerization-3usn6fy5.png Figure 2. ROAMP of 1 to poly-1 and its post-polymerization extension to poly-10. A. SEC of poly-1a and polyphenylenes poly-10a, poly-10b, and poly-10c. B,C. MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of poly-1a and poly-10a exhibiting the expected repeat unit of 352 u and 1738 u respectively (minor peaks at lower m/z are due to alkyl chain fragmentation). D. SEC of poly-10b taken at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 12 h from the crude Diels-Alder reaction of poly-1 with 9. E. Metathesis depolymerization tests to determine the extent of the Diels-Alder reaction to form poly-10b. F. 19F NMR of poly-10b samples subjected to depolymerization after Diels-Alder reaction (* denotes residual 1,2-bis(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetylene). https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-parasitism-synergy-alters-intertidal-soft-bottom-305pe8tc27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-post-experimental-density-mean-number-of-ind-jc651mvg.png Fig. 3. The post-experimental density (mean number of ind. container−1 ± SE) of (A) Hydrobia ulvae (all size fractions combined) and (B) Corophium volutator at 18 °C and 22 °C with low (open circles, dashed line) and high (solid circles, continuous line) level of parasitism (see Section 3.2.2 for levels). In both panels the dashed horizontal line indicates the initial number of adult mud snails (n = 133) and amphipods (n = 133) added to each experimental unit. Note that some error bars are smaller than symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistic-from-1-planned-two-wayanova-on-2tfhwb5r.png Table 1 Summary statistic from (1) planned two-wayANOVA on significantmain effects (reducedmodel) of temperature (T) and parasitism (P) on the density (ind. container−1) of experimental non-host fauna species, and (2) post-hoc multiple regressions evaluating the relative importance of Corophium volutator abundance for the density of treatment-affected non-host organisms (T and P entered as binary variables). Preceding full model ANOVA's demonstrated lack of significant two-way interaction between T and P. ‘All’ denotes all size classes combined. Positive and negative effects of T and P on faunal density are denoted by + and ÷, respectively, under the Effect-column, and effect size appears as percent change under the Change-column. pC denotes the p-value for the influence of the main factor in question (T or P) after the isolated effect of Corophium abundance is corrected for. Partial r2C gives (in percentages) theproportion of variance explainedby Corophium abundance in isolation, andNS and * denote the level of significance (NS: p ≥ 0.05; *:p b 0.05).+/÷under ‘Corophium relationship’ indicate the sign of the correlation coefficient for the zero-order non-host vs. Corophium regression. The partial r2C/r2factor ratio gives the proportion (in percentages) of variance explained by Corophium abundance relative to the main factor (T or P). Fo: foraminifera, Po: polychaeta, Os: ostracoda, Co: copepoda, Hy: hydrozoa, Ol: oligochaeta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-non-host-benthic-fauna-affected-solely-by-parasitism-1e4w4xsa.png Fig. 4.Non-host benthic fauna affected solely by parasitism. The density (mean number of ind. container−1± SE, size class: 250–500 μm) of (A)Haynesina germanica (Foraminifera) and (B) Protohydra leuckarti (Hydrozoa) at 18 °C and 22 °Cwith low (open circles, dashed line) and high (solid circles, continuous line) levels of parasitism (see Section 3.2.2 for levels). Note that some error bars are smaller than symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-water-temperature-in-the-two-temperature-f5re4k6x.png Fig. 1. Experimental water temperature in the two temperature treatments during the outdoor mesocosm experiment. Each 30 min value is the average recording of two temperature loggers placed in two haphazardly chosen experimental units from each temperature treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simpson-s-diversity-index-1-d-for-macrofaunal-species-x1flk1qs.png Fig. 5. Simpson's diversity index (1/D) for macrofaunal species (exclusive Corophium volutator, all sizes combined) at 18 °C and 22 °C with low (open circles, dashed line) and high (solid circles, continuous line) levels of parasitism. The y-axis unit is species. Values are means ± SE. See Supplement 1 for a species list of macrofaunal organisms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowdiagram-of-the-post-experimental-procedure-1-after-1hh9y55d.png Fig. 2. Flowdiagram of the post-experimental procedure. (1) After drainage of seawater in the e to a depth of 2.5 cm using modified syringes. To retain and separate macrofaunal organisms ( samples were pooled and subsequently sieved through three screens with mesh sizes of 500 retrieved to a depth of 2.5 cmand sieved through a 500 μmmesh to retain solelymacrofaunal or subsamples (c. 50 g in total)were collected for analysis of particle composition, chlorophyll-a co substrata were sifted through a 250 μm mesh to retain juvenile macrofaunal species (250–500 through 500 and 250 μmmeshes to count remaining macrofaunal species. The different eleme https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-and-spatial-analysis-of-the-ecosystem-service-248aalacz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-three-gorges-reservoir-area-154-313dqdd7.png Fig. 1 Location of the Three Gorges Reservoir area 154 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ecosystem-service-value-of-different-land-use-types-363efbuw.png Table 4 Ecosystem service value of different land use types (cropland, forestland, grassland, water, 283 construction land, bare land) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2000 to 2018 (104 yuan) 284 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ecosystem-service-value-of-different-ecosystem-17vq1zwf.png Table 5 Ecosystem service value of different ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges 298 Reservoir area from 2000 to 2018 (108 yuan) 299 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spatial-distribution-of-cold-spots-and-hot-spots-of-qgqkavr2.png Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of cold spots and hot spots of ecosystem service value changes in the 371 Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2000 to 2018 372 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-area-proportion-of-cold-spots-and-hot-spots-of-2bgzuqqe.png Table 8 Area proportion of cold spots and hot spots of ecosystem service value changes in Three 373 Gorges Reservoir area from 2000 to 2018 374 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-value-coefficient-of-ecosystem-services-per-unit-2w3lxkvs.png Table 1 Value coefficient of ecosystem services per unit area in the study area (yuan/hm2) 190 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transition-matrix-of-land-use-cover-change-km2-in-1xkaxlw7.png Table 3 Transition matrix of land use/cover change (km2) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 271 2000 to 2018 272 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-distribution-of-land-use-cover-types-in-the-3ixudc62.png Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of land use/cover types in the Three Gorges Reservoir area 270 https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-constraints-in-non-temporal-data-modelling-51icqpar1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-srel2-a-variant-ofs-rel-1-using-auto-increment-keys-hxi8y6am.png Fig. 3.Srel2 : A variant ofS rel 1 using auto-increment keys, marked with a † in the diagram. Note thatcargo andpassenger do not have auto-increment keys, since they inherit the value of the key fromaircraft type) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-suml-a-uml-schema-for-a-database-of-a-aircraft-fleet-106gzw4a.png Fig. 1. Suml : A UML schema for a database of a aircraft fleet, together withits description as a set of schema objects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-definition-using-the-postgres-rdbms-sql-language-of-53580b68.png Fig. 4. Definition using the Postgres RDBMS SQL language of triggersb ing used to implement the final temporal constraints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-srel1-a-relational-schema-for-a-database-of-a-aircraft-3udxuxtw.png Fig. 2. Srel1 : A relational schema for a database of a aircraft fleet, together with its description as a set of schema objects https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-variability-of-soil-management-effects-on-soil-2mpn2a4b1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-stepwise-multiple-linear-regression-3ahrsu45.png Table 4 – Summary of the stepwise multiple linear regression model for runoff and sediment yield in the two plots (R 2 adj = adjusted coefficient of determination, EI30 = erosivity, I max 60 min = maximum intensity in 60 min, Ant. Prec.7 days = antecedent rainfall in previous 7 days). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-and-coefficient-of-variation-cv-of-the-1vfq1o3y.png Table 1 – Mean values and coefficient of variation (CV, %) of the bulk density (BD), initial soil water content (SWCi) and field-saturated hydraulic conductivity(Kfs) measured with the SFH techniques on each sampling date in the CT and GC treatments in track (T) and no-track (NT) positions. Geometric mean was used for Kfs. Bold values are different between positions according to t-test at p=0.05 level. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments according to t-test at p=0.05 level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seasonal-and-annual-records-from-the-experimental-2bz0jkj6.png Table 2 – Seasonal and annual records from the experimental vineyard plots (conventional tillage, CT; grass cover, GC) in 2013 and 2014: Precipitation (including snowfall in winter), runoff (RO), runoff coefficient (RC), sediment yield (SY). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-factor-analysis-of-the-rainfall-events-3334g6ur.png Table 3 – Results of factor analysis of the rainfall events variables and soil variables measured in the two plots, for the extraction of principal components. Values in italic and bold indicated the moderately high (>0.70) and high (>0.90) loadings. (CT = conventional tilled, GC = grass cover, I max X min = maximum intensity in X min, EI30 = erosivity, RO = runoff, RC = runoff coefficient, SY = sediment yield, Ant. Prec. Y days = antecedent precipitattion in previous Y days, SWC = soil water content, Kfs = field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, BD = bulk density). https://scispace.com/papers/tensor-morphological-profile-for-hyperspectral-image-4a867z2sis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extended-morphological-profiles-versus-tensor-gdef215y.png Fig. 2: Extended morphological profiles versus tensor morphological profiles on a region of Pavia University dataset. The second to fourth rows correspond to TMP at different bands. Different columns illustrate opening and closing with SE of different sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-classification-results-on-pavia-university-and-pavia-1jy63vpc.png Fig. 3: Classification results on Pavia University and Pavia University dataset with different methods. From left to right: spectral feature, extended morphological profile and tensor morphological profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-accuracy-oa-average-accuracy-aa-and-kappa-3nakm4af.png Table 1: Overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA) and Kappa coefficient (κ) on Pavia University and Indian Pines datasets using spectral feature(SPE), extended morphological profile (EMP) and tensor morphological profile (TMP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pavia-university-dataset-in-tensor-representation-a-gmgry1he.png Fig. 1: Pavia University dataset in tensor representation: (a) raw hyperspectral tensor rendered with false color; (b-d) binary hyperspectral tensor with a threshold of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. These images indicate that different classes are with different high-dimensional structures which can be extracted by mathematical morphology. https://scispace.com/papers/tensor-products-and-split-level-architecture-foundational-7wncrhqxai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smolensky-1990-194-1cnct00y.png Figure 1. Smolensky 1990, 194. https://scispace.com/papers/tephra-deposit-inversion-by-coupling-tephra2-with-the-1inp4zsmy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-and-wind-conditions-used-to-generate-field-17hqcvkb.png Table 1: Initial and wind conditions used to generate “field observations” for validation of the algorithm. Red- and green-striped cells correspond to ESPs for the twelve experiments with simplified wind profile and the experiment with the non-simplified wind profile, respectively. Yellow- and bluestriped cells correspond to wind profile specifications for the twelve experiments with simplified wind profile and the experiment with non-simplified wind profile, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-mass-per-unit-area-distribution-used-for-the-1367bc6j.png Figure 1: a: mass per unit area distribution used for the validation of Experiments # 0-11 and sample site locations. White (larger), turquoise, yellow, and pink dots are the sample site locations used for Experiments # 0-4, 5-9, 10, and 11, respectively; b: mass per unit area distribution used for the experiment with the non-simplified wind profile. Small white points correspond to sample site locations. Mass per unit area distributions in a and b are in different resolutions. This difference is only for easier visualization (reducing the number of grid points to be plotted in b), and would not affect any arguments or conclusions from this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-priors-and-posterior-means-and-standard-deviations-8tp3ubun.png Table 5: Priors and posterior means and standard deviations from applying the algorithm to the 2011 Kirishima-Shinmoedake eruption tephra mass per unit area dataset. Priors of column height, total eruption mass, and median and standard deviation of grain size distribution are referenced and inferred from (Shimbori and Fukui, 2012; Nakada et al., 2013; Miyabuchi et al., 2013; Maeno et al., 2014; White et al., 2017). Priors of α/β ratio, diffusion coefficient, fall time threshold, and pumice and lithic densities are specified as commonly adopted ranges or maximum ranges possible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-data-from-tephra2-using-posterior-means-2ugl6swv.png Figure 4: Simulated data from TEPHRA2 using posterior means as ESPs and wind conditions plotted against observation data of the tephra deposit from the 2011 Kirishima-Shinmoedake eruption under log-scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-true-values-specified-prior-types-and-parameters-and-36f7v5cf.png Table 4: True values, specified prior types and parameters, and posterior means and standard deviations for the experiment with the non-simplified wind profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selected-sampled-posterior-distributions-of-column-286c1zzg.png Figure 3: Selected sampled posterior distributions of column height and log-transformed total eruption mass in 2D. Dashed lines mark true values of column height and log-transformed total eruption mass. a: posterior distributions from Experiments # 0 (red; reference experiment) and 4 (blue; experiment with incorrect priors); b: posterior distributions from Experiments # 5 (red; experiment with 30 observations) and 9 (blue; experiment with 30 observations and incorrect priors). c and d display posterior distributions from Experiments # 10 and 11 (experiments with different sample site locations), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-results-from-experiments-0-11-3fapjqh7.png Table 3: Summary of results from Experiments # 0- 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-posterior-distributions-of-column-height-371uamtu.png Figure 2: Selected posterior distributions of column height and log-scaled eruption mass. Results from Experiments # 0, 1, 2, and 4 are shown in a (column height) and c (log-scaled eruption mass), and results from Experiments # 5, 6, 7, and 9 are shown in b (column height) and d (log-scaled eruption mass). The blue dashed lines mark the true values of column height and log-transformed eruption mass used to generate the observation data. The red solid lines correspond to prior distributions assumed for all experiments except for Experiments # 4 and 9, and their priors are denoted as red dashed lines. https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-magnetic-modulator-based-on-magnetically-clustered-2jne5aod6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-langevian-behavior-of-both-the-magnetization-and-the-2torsm6q.png FIG. 4. Langevian behavior of both the magnetization and the induced THz absorption of the E-wave. (b) Waveforms of the THz E-wave in the absence of an external field and in the case of two equal but oppositely polarized fields. (c) The induced absorption of the E-wave in EFH3 (solid lines) and EFH1 after scaling by 1.5 (asterisks) to account for the difference in concentration. The agreement between the plot pairs demonstrates the scalability of the induced absorption with the concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-induced-absorption-of-the-extraordinary-e-and-2gmucdnu.png FIG. 3. The induced absorption of the extraordinary (E) and ordinary (O) waves for applied fields of 17 mT (top) and 35 mT (bottom), respectively. The experimental measurements are shown in blue and red solid lines. The asterisks underline the E-wave measurement after applying Eq. (1) to calculate the attenuation in the O-wave. (b) Modulation depth of the E-wave calculated using Eq. (2) for the two magnetic field levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmitted-thz-waves-under-the-application-of-1710po7u.png FIG. 2. Transmitted THz waves under the application of different external magnetic fields. When the THz field is polarized parallel to the applied field (a) and (c), a strong attenuation is observed. A THz polarized orthogonal to the external magnetic field shows an increase in transmission (b) and (d) in comparison with the zero-field randomly oriented case. The rate of the induced attenuation decreases with the increase in the applied magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nanoparticles-alignment-with-the-external-static-29jv5i5m.png FIG. 1. Nanoparticles alignment with the external static magnetic field (H) and its effect on THz propagation. (a) In the absence of an external field, the nanoparticles are randomly oriented giving rise to a zero magnetic state and the THz experiences isotropic absorption. (b) and (c) An external magnetic field tends to align the particles along its direction inducing THz linear dichroism. If the particles orientation is orthogonal/parallel to the THz electric field (b)/(c), a lower/higher absorption is expected. https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-spectroscopy-from-air-plasmas-created-by-two-color-3b785ltsm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-device-and-abcd-detection-system-in-10fgtzp4.png Fig. 4: Experimental device and ABCD detection system in transmission. SH (400 nm) is produced by a BBO crystal and focused with FH (800 nm) in the air by a lens (L). The THz radiation (blue stripes) from the plasma is filtered by a silicon wafer and collected by a set of off-axis parabolic mirrors. The delay line allows to probe the different instants of the THz pulse near the detection zone. The coupling between the focused probe beam and a high voltage module (HVM) creates a second harmonic in air detected by an avalanche photodiode (APD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-thz-fields-from-the-reference-nitrogen-and-the-3jok56a1.png Fig. 5: (a) THz fields from the reference (nitrogen) and the sample (thymine pellet). (b) Transmission spectra obtained by Fourier transform. (c) Extracted absorption spectrum [α(ω)]. Red bars indicate the position and relative amplitude of CASTEP-calculated phonon modes. (d) Corresponding reflection spectrum. (e,f) show two transmission spectra of stereoisomers: (e) D-phenylalaline and (f) DL-phenylalaline. Thin vertical black lines indicate experimental error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-terahertz-imaging-revealing-epithelial-cancer-red-2dk0ac46.png Fig. 2: (a) Terahertz imaging revealing epithelial cancer (red areas), not detected in visible imaging (source: http://www.teraview.com). (b) THz image of an individual concealing suspicious objects under his clothes (Photo Arttu Luukanen, Millilab, Espoo, Finland). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-absorption-spectra-black-curves-and-simulated-phonon-fds4ykvy.png Fig. 6: Absorption spectra (black curves) and simulated phonon modes (red bars) for (a) PETN and (b) TATB. Thin vertical black lines correspond to experimental error bars. On the right, characteristic molecular structures illustrating dipole excitations are shown (red: O, blue: N, grey: H atoms). Arrows indicate the center of mass dipole moments: the big arrow at center shows the total dipole moment of the unit cell related to the green absorption line; the two smaller arrows in the center of each molecule are the respective net dipole moments. (c-e) Absorption spectra collected in transmission far from the laser output for (c) PETN, (d) TATB and (e) ANTA. Red curves are spectra measured at Institut Saint-Louis (ISL - France) with the Ti:Sa source located at a distance of 15 m from the ABCD system. Black curves are spectra measured in the laboratory over optical propagation paths of less than 1 m in clean atmosphere (DTU/Fotonik - Denmark). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performances-of-various-methods-for-generating-3jrc03up.png Table 1: Performances of various methods for generating intense THz waves [58]. THz fields are expressed in GV/m; frequencies and bandwidth are expressed in THz. CE = conversion efficiency; CF = Central frequency; BW = Bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-mechanisms-generating-thz-waves-by-intense-twocolor-2tg56qxd.png Fig. 3: (a) Mechanisms generating THz waves by intense twocolor laser pulses, distributed according to the optical intensity. The first region involves the Kerr effect (four-wave mixing) and photoionization. The second region accentuates the contribution of photoionization in the tunnel regime (photocurrents) and involves plasma waves created by ponderomotive forces. (b) Photocurrent process: The two-color electric field generates free electrons in stepwise increase via tunneling ionization occurring near the field extrema at t = tn. This builds a slow component of the current that acts as a THz source. https://scispace.com/papers/termination-fees-revisited-4oz7i2azcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gjr2gub4.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/tertiary-and-secondary-control-levels-for-efficiency-1x1anhqi1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-objective-function-plot-with-regard-to-virtual-2z63nn2u.png Fig. 6. Objective function plot with regard to virtual resistances: (a) objective function under Iload=6A; (b) objective function under Iload=12A; (c) objective function under Iload=15A; (d) contour view under Iload=13A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ga-parameter-tuning-a-npop-10-ng-10-b-npop-10-ng-30-c-29ruto52.png Fig. 7. GA Parameter Tuning: (a) Npop=10, Ng=10; (b) Npop=10, Ng=30; (c) Npop=20, Ng=50; (d) Npop=30, Ng=200. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-system-dynamics-comparison-3ovadrrt.png Fig. 16. System Dynamics Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-objective-function-value-in-each-generation-in-a-4-2n77lz0r.png Fig. 15. Objective function value in each generation (in a 4-converter system): (a) light load condition, Iload=12A; (b) medium load condition, Iload=24A; (c) heavy load condition, Iload=36A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-droop-controlled-dc-dc-conversion-system-jl0dzlea.png Fig. 1. Droop-controlled dc-dc conversion system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hierarchical-control-applied-to-dc-system-svc6a0ar.png Fig. 2. Hierarchical control applied to dc system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-tertairy-optimization-performance-3vthkjmb.png Fig. 14. Tertairy optimization performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-hil-results-a-with-increasing-load-power-b-with-94vkmz86.png Fig. 12. HIL results: (a) with increasing load power; (b) with random generated load power. https://scispace.com/papers/test-generation-via-dynamic-symbolic-execution-for-mutation-5a3c546a6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-constraint-generation-rules-1le8drfz.png TABLE II CONSTRAINT-GENERATION RULES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-subjects-2k0kmg6n.png TABLE III SUBJECTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sufficient-mutation-operators-used-by-pexmutator-cd1ka7u6.png TABLE I SUFFICIENT MUTATION OPERATORS USED BY PEXMUTATOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generating-constraints-for-complex-expressions-29rdvuec.png Fig. 1. Generating constraints for complex expressions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inserting-constraints-for-a-non-conditional-statement-1ojl0mfp.png Fig. 3. Inserting constraints for a non-conditional statement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inserting-constraints-for-a-conditional-statement-2lrmg1fu.png Fig. 2. Inserting constraints for a conditional statement https://scispace.com/papers/test-results-for-the-fast-facility-delayed-neutron-4l96pzaez8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2db7mcrs.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transport-system-geometry-vchiyfxy.png Fig. 1. Transport system geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-source-transfer-position-deviation-in-fuel-mode-1fkpiya2.png Fig. 4. Source transfer position deviation in fuel mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-source-transfer-time-deviations-in-fuel-mode-36dfhkac.png Fig. 3. Source transfer time deviations in fuel mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2w5oslev.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-source-transfer-times-ana-positions-per-u-1-1i4ud3kc.png Fig. 2. Average source transfer times ana positions per U-..1 https://scispace.com/papers/test-regions-using-two-or-more-correlated-product-1xjm7igjpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-average-consumer-risks-in-ppm-and-yields-in-26t2lbz2.png Table II. The average consumer risks (in ppm) and yields (in %), based on 104 simulations each. The first column corresponds to a test limit for one correlated measurement, the second and third to a test limit for two correlated measurements. The third column corresponds to the second order test limit using an optimal linear combination for two correlated measurements, with parameters known. The prescribed bound on the consumer risk γ has been set to 20 ppm and π = P (X > s) = 0.05. The parameters are estimated with a sample of size 100. Test limits are derived for different values of σU/σX , κ1 and κ2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-average-consumer-risks-in-ppm-and-yields-in-12mr7bq5.png Table I. The average consumer risks (in ppm) and yields (in %), based on 104 simulations each. The first column corresponds to a test limit for one correlated measurement, the second to a test limit for two correlated measurements. The third column corresponds to the second order test limit using an optimal linear combination for two correlated measurements, with parameters known. The prescribed bound on the consumer risk γ has been set to 20 ppm and π = P (X > s) = 0.15. The parameters are estimated with a sample of size 100. Test limits are derived for different values of σU/σX , κ1 and κ2 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-a-transpiration-cooled-zirconium-di-boride-sample-in-1jrkz2r355 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sketch-of-experimental-setup-of-the-uhtc-test-in-u2o21pq9.png Figure 5: Sketch of experimental setup of the UHTC test in the PWK4 plasma wind tunnel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coolant-properties-and-geometric-parameters-of-33lqwgyl.png Table 5: Coolant Properties and Geometric Parameters of Tested Samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-heat-flux-reduction-due-to-blowing-normalised-by-cxuqsljb.png Figure 9: Heat flux reduction due to blowing, normalised by the nominal heat flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-surface-microstructures-before-and-after-testing-2wjovtah.png Figure 15: Surface Microstructures before and after testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-permeability-coefficients-with-their-corresponding-plkrkdy8.png Table 2: Permeability coefficients with their corresponding uncertainties of the tested samples.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-results-of-the-through-flow-1m633tm9.png Figure 6: Experimental results of the through flow characteristics of the porous UHTC-2 (left) and UHTC-5 (right) samples and comparison to the fitted Darcy-Forchheimer equation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heat-fluxes-of-tested-sample-2gqufbf2.png Table 4: Heat Fluxes of Tested Sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-spectra-of-solid-sample-black-and-nitrogen-cooled-3ude1mrb.png Figure 14: Spectra of solid sample (black) and nitrogen cooled sample (green). https://scispace.com/papers/testing-a-one-closure-equation-turbulence-model-in-neutral-1t5g6637i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-b-b-re-36i7gi8u.png Figure 9: B = B(Re?) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-s-s-re-the-green-doted-line-is-the-1-05-slope-2z6x0w4w.png Figure 10: σ = σ(Re?). The green doted line is the 1.05 slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-trivial-topography-also-called-the-rough-case-1put0so9.png Figure 1: Non trivial topography, also called the rough case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-streamwise-velocity-profile-compared-to-those-2ms06imd.png Figure 3: Streamwise velocity profile compared to those provided by Moser-KimMansour [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-nstke-rough-case-turbulent-kinetic-energy-cgnc9n2i.png Figure 21: NSTKE Rough case. Turbulent kinetic energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-nstke-rough-case-mean-shear-2dbt5omq.png Figure 20: NSTKE Rough case. Mean shear https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-streamwise-velocity-profile-compared-to-a-log-1964wixr.png Figure 4: Streamwise velocity profile compared to a log profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-a-re-the-green-dotted-line-is-the-0-065-slope-3igkyy55.png Figure 8: A = A(Re?). The green dotted line is the 0.065 slope. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-smooth-transition-nonlinearity-in-the-presence-4hj60f3npp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weights-for-di-erent-functions-1mp71bh6.png Figure 1: Weights for di erent functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-constant-cg-for-lm1-and-rlm1-tests-constant-4b2p8d66.png Figure 3: Constant cG for LM1 and RLM1 tests, constant included https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constant-cg-for-lm1-test-2e9qxpbc.png Figure 2: Constant cG for LM1 test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-weights-and-transition-function-austria-21i9o0y9.png Figure 4: Weights and transition function - Austria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-weights-and-transition-function-belgium-3ab295sc.png Figure 5: Weights and transition function - Belgium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-weights-and-transition-function-united-states-2un8sne5.png Figure 6: Weights and transition function - United States https://scispace.com/papers/testing-convergence-using-har-inference-57sjjq19jd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-varying-patterns-of-cross-section-mean-and-9n7xzi2o.png Figure 7: Time Varying Patterns of Cross Section Mean and Variance in US State Unemployment Rates over 42 years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-recursive-t-ratios-54h7u17h.png Figure 8: Recursive t-ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-5-critical-values-for-t2-and-thar-24h93k7a.png Table 1: Simulated 5% critical values for t2 and tHAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-power-comparison-under-m1-size-adjusted-l-a-0-05-783a5fpe.png Table 4: Power Comparison under M1 (Size Adjusted): λ = α = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-power-comparison-under-m2-size-adjusted-l-2b-0-1-21ugvl2q.png Table 3: Power Comparison under M2 (Size Adjusted): λ = 2β = 0.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-section-variance-of-unemployment-rates-over-j4jauunv.png Figure 6: Cross section variance of unemployment rates over the 48 US contiguous States https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sizes-of-various-tests-nominal-size-5-2gbrz1k4.png Table 2: Sizes of Various Tests (Nominal Size: 5%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-large-t-on-tests-t2-and-thar-b-k-1-3-2oo8d735.png Figure 3: Impact of large T on tests t2 and tHAR (b = κ = 1/3) https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-effects-of-genetic-crossing-distance-on-embryo-2d2a133vxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-egg-capsule-design-721-722-hmbx5m7q.png Figure 2. Egg capsule design. 721 722 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-offspring-survival-versus-dam-body-total-af8sb9fx.png Figure 4. Mean offspring survival versus dam body total length (mm). The line gives the 731 regression. See text for statistics. 732 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-the-expectations-theory-of-the-term-structure-of-11vhemuv9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-testing-the-expectations-hypothesis-using-varsa-vmsyzymw.png TABLE 1. Testing the expectations hypothesis using VAR’sa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-s-and-actual-values-s-of-the-spread-upper-l12tg6qy.png FIGURE 2. Predicted S′ and actual values S of the spread: (upper panel) 6- and 3-month rates using VAR and 2R-TVAR models; (middle panel) 120- and 3-month rates using VAR and 3R-TVAR models, with the point forecasts taken to be the medians of the forecast densities; (lower panel) same as middle panel except point forecasts given by the means of the forecast densities, and with the weights used in the construction of S′ as in equation (15) (left) or equation (3) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-of-monthly-interest-rates-and-spreads-k2gmo4uo.png FIGURE 1. Time series of monthly interest rates and spreads. https://scispace.com/papers/tete-a-tete-inside-a-plant-cell-establishing-compatibility-8rwgvdf7tm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-selection-of-effector-proteins-from-hemi-o0x5jye4.png Table 2 A selection of effector proteins from (hemi-)biotrophic plant pathogens predicted to act inside host cells https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biotrophic-lifestyles-of-some-fungal-and-oomycete-2e34vd3n.png Table 1 Biotrophic lifestyles of some fungal and oomycete plant pathogens https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-focal-accumulation-of-mlo-yfp-at-an-attempted-pathogen-31ib7na1.png Fig. 1 Focal accumulation of MLO-YFP at an attempted pathogen entry site. The bright field (a) and epifluorescence (b) micrographs represent a section of a barley leaf epidermal cell transiently expressing the MLO-YFP fusion protein (Bhat et al., 2005). MLO-YFP focally accumulates at the site of attempted host cell entry (indicated by arrowhead in b) below the appressorial germ tube (agt) of a powdery mildew conidiospore (cs). Bar, 20 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-immunofluorescence-labelling-orange-red-illustrating-uety74by.png Fig. 5 Immunofluorescence labelling (orange-red), illustrating translocation of the glycoprotein Uf-RTP1p from a haustorium (H) of the bean rust Uromyces fabae into the cytoplasm and nucleus (N) of an infected Vicia faba cell. Bar, 10 µm. (Image provided by Eric Kemen et al. University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-live-cell-confocal-microscope-image-illustrating-2xe1ocen.png Fig. 4 A live-cell confocal microscope image illustrating differentiation of the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) around a haustorium (H) of Erysiphe cichoracearum in an epidermal cell of Arabidopsis thaliana. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged plasma membrane marker, shown in green, is present in the walllining plasma membrane but is excluded from the EHM around the haustorial body, with an abrupt transition in membrane labelling at the haustorial neck (arrow). Fungal structures are stained red with propidium iodide. This three-dimensional volume-rendered image was generated from a Z-series of 19 optical sections (0.5 µm thick). A, appressorium. Bar, 4.5 µm. (Reproduced from Koh et al. (2005), with permission from Blackwell Publishing Ltd.) https://scispace.com/papers/tethered-balloon-based-soundings-of-ozone-aerosols-and-solar-458g70w71p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-clear-sky-radiation-profiles-profiles-show-at-31e8m9yi.png Fig. 5. Typical clear sky radiation profiles. Profiles show, at most, small increase/decrease or diffuse/direct radiation from the top of the profile to the surface, illustrating the general scattering effect of uniform aerosol number densities throughout the profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-number-concentrations-median-and-inter-oy365myk.png Table 1 Particle number concentrations (median and inter-quartile ranges) from balloon-borne optical particle counter. The variation in particle number concentrations (number cm 3) for each size over the profiles spanned a narrow range, indicating, in almost all profiles, only small changes with height. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-and-inter-quartile-range-iqr-ozone-jw4rkci5.png Table 2 Median and inter-quartile range (IQR) ozone concentrations (ppb) along boundary layer profiles. At most, only small, smooth gradients were observed in the profiles, with increasing average concentrations during the day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ground-and-balloon-instrument-inter-comparison-of-pv778y3r.png Fig. 1. Ground and balloon instrument inter-comparison of ozone measurements: Both the balloon (2B Technologies, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA) and the surface instruments (Model 14, ThermoEnvironmental Corp., Franklin, MA, USA) operated on the principal of UV absorption by ozone of light (254 nm) from a mercury lamp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-selected-profiles-of-ozone-from-the-surface-up-to-7ix01dlc.png Fig. 3. Selected profiles of ozone from the surface up to approximately 700 m. Ozone concentrations were relatively constant over the altitudes measure. Solid and open circles represent ascent and descent, respectively; for 2 successive profiles, symbols are black, then grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selected-profiles-of-particle-number-concentrations-0-k1x1mh33.png Fig. 4. Selected profiles of particle number concentrations (0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mm particles) from the surface up to approximately 700 m. Particles, in general, showed uniform number concentrations throughout profiles. https://scispace.com/papers/textural-development-of-activated-carbon-prepared-from-4qecg8dzbn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adsorption-isotherms-of-n2-77k-on-ac-prepared-from-l03cypuo.png Fig. 1. Adsorption isotherms of N2/77K on AC prepared from recycled PET with KOH at different temperature; ( KOH/PET = 2). https://scispace.com/papers/textrweb-large-scale-text-analytics-with-r-on-the-web-1gc5nk0fyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-user-runs-further-analysis-against-intermediate-2n1rze7f.png Figure 5: User runs further analysis against intermediate data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overall-architecture-and-interaction-flow-textrweb-33tr3llg.png Figure 8: Overall architecture and interaction flow. TextRWeb is composed of two layers: load balancers and worker hosts. The load balancers delegate requests to a worker host and performs network address translation (NAT); the generated code is executed either at the worker hosts or on a cloud or HPC resource. The user defined function can interact with HTRC RESTful data services. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functional-diagram-of-hathitrust-research-center-1vsaf659.png Figure 1: Functional diagram of HathiTrust Research Center software and services. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-computation-time-of-text-analysis-task-under-23xtmm42.png Figure 10: Computation time of text analysis task under different parallelization settings. The number in the parenthesis indicates the # of compute nodes used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-computation-time-of-100-runs-on-r-benchmark-under-17mca629.png Figure 9: Computation time of 100 runs on R-benchmark under different parallelization settings. The number in the parenthesis indicates the # of compute nodes used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-piece-of-complete-code-generated-in-textrweb-1pjsb9n5.png Figure 3: A piece of complete code generated in TextRWeb server. Code fragments generated by server are colored in red while those specified by the user through web interface widgets are colored in black. Blue colored lines are comments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-document-centric-api-example-to-use-textrweb-a-user-3lj4rkn1.png Figure 2: Document-centric API example. To use TextRWeb, a user implements the function by filling the function body in a edit-box like web interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-user-implementation-of-document-centric-api-which-3ddzo9n1.png Figure 4: User implementation of document-centric API which extracts term frequency vector. https://scispace.com/papers/textures-of-f-2-spinor-bose-einstein-condensates-with-spin-bfr4g4q11q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-profiles-of-the-13-vortex-lattice-texture-2kwe5ds3.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Profiles of the 13 -vortex lattice texture: (a) pseudospin density S(r), (b) singlet amplitude A00(r), and (c) the order parameter. The parameters are set to be κRTF = 10.1, c1/c0 = 0.2, and c2/c0 = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-profiles-of-the-cy-up-lattice-texture-a-11sl8rfe.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Profiles of the CY-UP lattice texture: (a) pseudospin density S(r), (b) singlet amplitude A00(r), and (c) the order parameter. The parameters are set to be κRTF = 10.1 and c1/c0 = c2/c0 = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-main-panel-describes-the-soc-energy-14fwyyid.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The main panel describes the SOC energy EAR(ϑ,ϕ) ≡ ∫ dφkhAR(k, I). The bottom inner figures show the cyclic OP CY and the angles ϑ and ϕ, which denote the ẑ axis of I. The two upper panels are the angular resolved SOC energy |hAR(k̂, I)| for the cases of I = S and I = P. In these panels, the radii of the outer and inner lines indicate |hAR(k̂, I)| and the deviation of |hAR(k̂, I)| from the value at the antinode, in the kx-ky plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-op-profiles-in-pseudospin-space-and-1bhy6zff.png FIG. 1. (Color online) OP profiles in pseudospin space and energetically favored modulation vectors of ground states: (a) FM, (b) BP, and (c) UP. The color on the surface corresponds to the phase of OP. The UP-skyrmion texture is shown in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-phase-diagram-of-textures-spanned-by-25uwaeum.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Phase diagram of textures spanned by coupling constant of SOC κ and that of the spin-spin interaction c2/c0. We fix the parameter c1/c0 = 0.2. The stable phase for κRTF 1 continuously changes from the UP skyrmion to uniform CY texture. In the κRTF 1 region, three textures appear: The BP standing wave for the small c2/c0, the CY-UP lattice (hexagon), and 13 -vortex lattice (square). https://scispace.com/papers/the-12c-12c-reaction-and-the-impact-on-nucleosynthesis-in-21ijtczw1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-as-figure-4-but-for-core-c-burning-lifetimes-12jn8yt9.png Figure 6. As Figure 4, but for core C-burning lifetimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kippenhahn-diagram-is-provided-for-five-stellar-1685skh1.png Figure 2. Kippenhahn diagram is provided for five stellar models of a 25M star, and Z = 0.01, calculated using different 12C + 12C rates (see the text for more details): the upper limit rate (CU, upper left panel), the Caughlan & Fowler (1988) rate (CF88, central panel), multiplied and divided by a factor of 10 (CF88t10 and CF88d10, upper right and lower left panels, respectively), and the lower limit rate (CL, lower right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-selected-abundances-at-the-central-he-exhaustion-and-393qyh4z.png Table 7 Selected Abundances at the Central He Exhaustion and for C-burning Nucleosynthesis Tests, Using Different 12C(12C, α)20Ne and 12C(12C, p)23Na Relative Strengths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-central-carbon-ignition-temperature-is-shown-for-fzvcvt97.png Figure 4. Central carbon ignition temperature is shown for each stellar model, according to the 12C + 12C rate used. Note that the case CF88d10 shows a central C ignition at higher temperature than the case CL. This is expected, since the difference between the standard rate and the CL rate drops quickly below a factor of 10 with increasing temperature (see Figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-as-figure-4-but-for-the-central-density-11e68tj1.png Figure 5. As Figure 4, but for the central density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-central-temperature-versus-central-qox2z24y.png Figure 3. Evolution of central temperature versus central density for the models considered in this work. The red straight line identifies the limit between a non-degenerate and a degenerate electron gas, Pgas = Pe,deg. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-abundance-distribution-in-mass-fraction-for-a-1dxyl4ci.png Figure 8. Abundance distribution (in mass fraction) for a sample of selected species close to the end of central O-burning is given as a function of the mass coordinate (solar masses unit) for the models considered. The model is identified by the label on top of each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-left-panel-the-isotopic-abundances-at-the-end-of-c-33dm6dm0.png Figure 11. Left panel: the isotopic abundances at the end of C-burning (when the mass fraction of 12C left is less than 2%) for the cases using the 12C+12C channel ratio Rα/Rp = 0.05/0.95 (green triangles) and Rα/Rp = 0.95/0.05 (full blue squares), normalized to the isotopic distribution obtained using the standard Rα/Rp = 0.65/0.35. Species belonging to the same element are connected with lines. The temperature and density used for the calculations are T = 1.0 GK and ρ = 105 cm−3; the 12C+12C rate used is CF88 (set1). Right panel: as in the left panel, but for T = 0.65 GK and ρ = 104 cm−3 and the 12C+12C CU rate (set2). Note that the relative abundance distributions are shown with a different scale in the y-axis compared with the left panel. https://scispace.com/papers/the-1987-whittier-narrows-earthquake-sequence-in-los-angeles-1v6tecwhfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-p-wave-velocity-models-1cmkr9sf.png TABLE 1. P Wave Velocity Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-arrival-time-data-from-the-whittier-narrows-3logztp7.png Fig. 5. (a) The arrival time data from the Whittier Narrows calibration blast of November 8, 1987, plotted as reduced travel time with reduction velocity of 6 km/s versus distance. Data from stations in the Los Angeles basin are shown as solid circles. Also shown as a solid line are the corresponding reduced travel times through the initial southern California velocity model (Table 1). (b) The observed travel time data are divided into two groups and fit with two refmed models and corresponding sets of station delays. The Los Angeles basin model includes only arrival times recorded by stations in the basin (see Figure 3). The refmed southern California model includes only stations located outside the basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-locations-and-fault-plane-solutions-of-the-whittier-2z4uzt7o.png TABLE 4. Locations and Fault Plane Solutions of the Whittier Narrows Aftershock S~uence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-overview-of-the-los-angeles-basin-and-adjacent-v21skcwq.png Fig. 1. An overview of the Los Angeles basin and adjacent regions, southern California. Epicenters of the Whittier Narrows mainshock (ML=5.9) and largest aftershock (ML=5.3) are shown. Faults located to the south of the epicenter of the Whittier Narrows earthquake accommodate mostly strike-slip movement, whereas except for the San Andreas fault, faults that are located to the north accommodate mostly reverse or thrust movement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hypocenters-of-the-mainshock-two-aftershocks-and-the-dsuehit8.png Fig. 6. Hypocenters of the mainshock, two aftershocks, and the calibration blast. Hypocenters obtained from HYPOINVERSE using the initial southern California model have larger error bars and are drawn with thin lines. Corresponding hypocenters obtained with the refined velocity models and station delays have smaller error bars and are drawn with thick lines. The error bars are the axes of the error ellipsoid calculated by HYPO INVERSE. The true location of the blast is shown by a star (see also Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-map-b-south-north-cross-section-and-c-front-view-191xgts7.png Fig. 8. (a) Map , (b) south-north cross section, and (c) front view from the south of the mainshock focal mechanism and the following aftershocks until 10:58, October 4, 1987, which was the time of the largest aftershock. Lower hemisphere focal mechanism from first motion polarities, where compressive quadrants are black and dilatational quadrants are white, is shown for the mainshock. Only hypocenters with location and depth errors ErM;l.O km and Erz:Sl.O km as determined by HYPOINVERSE are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-earthquakes-m-l-s-in-the-los-angeles-basin-from-1978-1te002hq.png Fig. 2. Earthquakes (M~l.S) in the Los Angeles basin from 1978 to September 1987 as recorded by the CIT/USGS Southern California Seismic Network and the USC Los Angeles Basin Seismic Network. Symbol size is proportional to magnitude and symbol type is coded according to depth. The Whittier Narrows aftershock zone is enclosed with a dashed curve. WF, Whittier fault; RHF, Raymond fault; SMDF, Sierra Madre fault; NIF, Newport-Inglewood fault; PVF, Palos Verdes fault; and the SMF, Santa Monica fault. The contour lines 6.0 and 10.0 are the 6 km and 10 km depth to basement contours in the Los Angeles basin, respectively [Yerkes et al., 1965]. The approximate outline of the Whittier Narrows aftershock zone is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-the-1971-san-fernando-and-the-1987-1b7kop0y.png Fig. 14. Comparison of the 1971 San Fernando and the 1987 Whittier Narrows sequences. (a) The aftershock zone of (ML<!:3.0) events, focal mechanism of the (Mw=6.6) mainshock. (b) A depth cross section for the 1971 San Fernando sequence. The fault scarp "main fault break" produced during the mainshock is shown in map view. The north dipping nodal plane from the mainshock focal mechanism is also shown in the cross section [adapted from Whitcomb et al., 1973]. (c) The aftershock zone of (ML 0!:3.0) events and focal mechanism of the (ML=5.9) mainshock. (d) A depth cross section for the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake. The north dipping nodal plane from the mainshock focal mechanism is also shown in cross section. The faults are shown as dotted lines where concealed by alluvium or late Tertiary deposits, dashed lines where inferred, or solid lines where exposed. Faults near Whittier Narrows are from I...amm [1970]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-4m-international-liquid-mirror-telescope-ilmt-4n5hofdni3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-number-of-quasars-ntotalq-versus-the-limiting-zgv7q792.png Figure 2. Total number of quasars NTotalq versus the limiting magnitude Blim, expected in the surveyed sky area S over which 50 new cases of GL ought to be identified. Unless stated otherwise, the number counts of quasars are taken from Hartwick and Schade (1990). The different curves refer to Ω0 = 1, λ0 = 0 (full), Ω0 = 0, λ0 = 0 (dotted), Ω0 = 0, λ0 = 1 (dashed) and, finally, Ω0 = 1, λ0 = 0 (long-dashed) with the number counts of quasars from Hawkins and Véron (1995). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-broad-band-filter-requested-number-of-scans-and-459ty0al.png Table 1. Broad band filter, requested number of scans and corresponding limiting magnitude achievable for the detection of point-like sources with a S/N = 5 photometric accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sky-area-s-to-be-surveyed-as-a-function-of-the-2h0l94se.png Figure 1. Sky area S to be surveyed as a function of the limiting magnitude Blim to identify 50 multiply imaged quasars. The two horizontal lines refer to limits set by the whole sky area and a field of 90 square degrees (see text). For simplicity, a representative value of zq = 2 was adopted for the quasar redshift and, unless stated otherwise, the number counts of quasars are taken from Hartwick and Schade (1990). The different curves refer to Ω0 = 1, λ0 = 0 (full), Ω0 = 0, λ0 = 0 (dotted), Ω0 = 0, λ0 = 1 (dashed) and, finally, Ω0 = 1, λ0 = 0 (long-dashed) with the number counts of quasars from Hawkins and Véron (1995). Note that for B > 22 (resp. B > 21), these curves are extrapolations from the Hartwick and Schade (resp. Hawkins and Véron) number counts of QSOs. Conversely, the LMT survey will help in defining more precisely the number counts of quasars at very faint magnitudes, resulting in a better defined and complete sample of QSOs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-telescope-sketch-1vt26md9.png Figure 3: Telescope sketch https://scispace.com/papers/the-absent-father-of-sino-french-cinema-contemporary-28l3c7f7r5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-antoine-doinel-jean-pierre-l-eaud-jogging-toward-sd14wsfz.png Figure 1. Antoine Doinel (Jean-Pierre L eaud) jogging toward the sea in The 400 Blows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-jean-paul-belmondo-as-michel-poiccard-straggling-to-2jibu6m1.png Figure 3. Jean-Paul Belmondo as Michel Poiccard straggling to his death in Breathless. https://scispace.com/papers/the-acoustic-summary-as-a-tool-for-representing-urban-sound-4ylvhpo0km 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3ppgv8pw.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-10dl70nl.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lyb9n72n.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-the-proposed-computational-3m9sq80p.png Figure 1. Schematic overview of the proposed computational model: (I) learning stage and (II) acoustic summary formation stage. Both stages start with a simplified model for p ripheral auditory processing (I.a, II.a). During the learning stage, the output of such processing is used for training a self-organized map of acoustical features (I.b). During the acoustic s mmary formation stage, the trained map is used for retrieving sound samples and thus forming a sound library (II.b). Finally, an acoustic summary is formed by selecting a limited number of sounds from the library based on a ranking method (II.c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1lpbp4tl.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2usk7qz4.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-accuracy-in-selecting-ones-own-acoustic-summary-for-37xp36yr.png Figure 8. Accuracy in selecting one’s own acoustic summary, for all participants, subdivided by location. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-of-the-results-of-the-third-experiment-1yqvc662.png Figure 6. Overview of the results of the third experiment. Participants were asked to make their own acoustic summary that represented the direct surroundings of their home, by selcting appropriate sounds among 64 sounds. The participants are denoted by a location acronym and a progressive number. The sounds from the participant’s location correctly selected, called true positives (TP), are shown in black; the sounds from a different location wrongly selected, called false positives (FP), are shown in dark grey; the sounds from the participant’s loca ion not selected, called false negatives (FN), are shown in light grey; the sounds from other locations correctly not selected, called true negatives (TN), are shown in white. https://scispace.com/papers/the-active-streams-approach-to-adaptive-distributed-systems-svbjiyabro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-active-streams-framework-pf9ncvm1.png Figure 3. Active Streams Framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-types-of-adaptation-in-active-streams-2s3q9ohf.png Figure 2. Types of adaptation in Active Streams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-making-a-stream-active-2k8sqv91.png Figure 1. Making a stream active . https://scispace.com/papers/the-adaptive-markets-hypothesis-evidence-from-the-foreign-1n7bmsp9mg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-from-arima-rules-examined-by-taylor-1994-dem-14skcayx.png Table 6: Results from ARIMA rules examined by Taylor (1994) DEM/USD JPY/USD CHF/USD GBP/USD mean https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-risk-adjustment-of-trading-rule-returns-by-the-capm-32w7iwy0.png Table 10: Risk adjustment of trading rule returns by the CAPM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equally-weighted-portfolio-rules-for-the-rules-and-1ia50b61.png Table 2: Equally weighted portfolio rules for the rules and currencies examined by Sweeney (1986) DEM JPY GBP CHF FRF CAD ITL BEF ESP SEK mean https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-from-channel-rules-examined-by-taylor-1994-1ripgsus.png Table 5: Results from channel rules examined by Taylor (1994) DEM/USD JPY/USD CHF/USD GBP/USD mean https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-estimated-time-trends-in-uniform-portfolio-rule-2hivt0zw.png Table 9: Estimated time trends in uniform portfolio rule returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-for-the-markov-model-rules-of-dueker-and-1j4sdwbo.png Table 8: Results for the Markov model rules of Dueker and Neely (2007). DEM/USD JPY/USD CHF/USD GBP/USD mean https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-citation-count-by-year-3pzu95jr.png Table 13: Citation Count by Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-replication-and-out-of-sample-results-for-levich-and-1iakdihu.png Table 3: Replication and Out-of-sample results for Levich and Thomas (1993) using spot exchange rates https://scispace.com/papers/the-adaptive-dynamics-of-community-structure-40rrzlukhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2-formal-relations-between-the-models-of-adaptive-1vod2gm0.png Fig. 8.2. Formal relations between the models of adaptive dynamics. The four classes of model are shown as rounded boxes, and the three derivations as arrows. Arrow labels highlight key assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3-evolution-of-community-structure-in-first-example-1njl7o35.png Fig. 8.3. Evolution of community structure in first example. Traits xC and xD measure the degree to which consumers C and D invest into feeding on the resource R, as opposed to feeding on each other. For xC > xD, C is the better resource feeder, while D is the better antagonist feeder. In panel (a), the evolutionary isoclines of xC and xD are depicted by continuous and dashed curves, respectively. Regions in panel (a) indicate different potentials for coexistence and coevolution. Region C: C and R can coexist, while D goes extinct. Region D: D and R can coexist, while C goes extinct. Region C/D: ecological bistability between coexistence of R with either C or D. Regions (i), (ii), and (iii): C, D, and R can coexist, so that C and D can coevolve. The community structures resulting from these coevolutionary dynamics then depend on the initial conditions for (xC, xD) and are shown in panel (b). Region (i): Coevolution towards attractor depicted by filled circle, corresponding to omnivorous mutual intraguild predation. Region (ii): Coevolution towards attractor depicted by filled square, corresponding to omnivory on the part of just one consumer. Region (iii): Coevolution towards Region D, corresponding to the exclusion of consumer C. Parameters: sC = 0.82, sD = 1.5, amax,C = amax,D = 0.4, eCR = eDR = 0.2, eCD = eDC = 0.8, dC = dD = 0.05, rR = 0.2, kR = 100, μCσ 2 C/μDσ 2 D = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-6-evolution-of-community-structure-in-fourth-example-tfjd5g42.png Fig. 8.6. Evolution of community structure in fourth example. When a trait governing asymmetric competition evolves, selection-driven increases and decreases in morph number are embedded into a macroevolutionary pattern of perpetual laminar flow of morphs towards larger trait values. The individual-based dynamics shown involved more than 420,000,000 explicitly simulated birth and death events. Parameters: b0 = 1, K0 = 1000, x0 = 2, σK = 1, σC = 0.3, β = 2, μ = 0.005, σ = 0.025. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-4-evolution-of-community-structure-in-second-example-3veq7p4c.png Fig. 8.4. Evolution of community structure in second example. Panel (a) shows the temporal development of community structure through recurrent evolutionary branching, utilizing a logarithmic time scale. Panel (b) depicts the resulting community structure. Each species is represented by a circle, with its vertical position given by its trophic level. Circles are connected by arrows, from prey to predator, where the energy flow between the two corresponding species account for more than 10% of the total energy inflow to the recipient species. Arrows connecting to the bottom indicate consumption of the autotrophic species (or basal resource, which is not displayed). Parameters: x0 = 1, k0 = 100, b0 = 1, e = 0.3, d(xi) = d0 exp(−qxi) with d0 = 0.2 and q = 0.75; F is a lognormal function with mean 3, standard deviation 1.5, and amplitude 2.5; C is a lognormal function with mean 0, standard deviation 0.6, and amplitude 0.0025. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-5-evolution-of-community-structure-in-third-example-iv3wmbkc.png Fig. 8.5. Evolution of community structure in third example. When two trait components for an individual’s strategy as prey, xr, and for its strategy as predator, xu, evolve under selection pressures resulting from predator-prey interactions, complex food webs can emerge through recurrent evolutionary branching. Panel (a) shows the temporal development of community structure, with the widths of tubes reflecting the densities of phenotypic clusters. Panels (b) to (d) show the evolving food web at three different moments in time. Spheres represent phenotypic clusters, with diameters reflecting the corresponding densities. On the bottom planes, the shadows of these spheres show the distribution p(x). Tubes represent trophic links, with diameters reflecting the corresponding interaction strengths. Tubes connecting to the bottom planes indicate consumption of the external supply of resources (which is assigned trophic level 0). The resultant trophic levels of phenotypic clusters are shown along the vertical axes in (b) to (d). Parameters: e = 0.1, d = 1, a = 20, P1/2 = 17, 1 2 μσ2 = ((3 · 10−2, 0), (0, 10−3)), S0 = 200, σS = 0.08. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1-models-of-adaptive-dynamics-panel-a-illustrates-the-3o3p9khy.png Fig. 8.1. Models of adaptive dynamics. Panel (a) illustrates the individual-based birth-death-mutation process (polymorphic and stochastic), panel (b) shows an evolutionary random walk (monomorphic and stochastic), panel (c) represents the gradient-ascent model (monomorphic and deterministic, described by the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics), and panel (d) depicts an evolutionary reactiondiffusion model (polymorphic and deterministic). https://scispace.com/papers/the-adsorption-and-unfolding-kinetics-determines-the-folding-1jo1ibqne6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-fluorescence-intensity-as-a-function-of-the-u3spk888.png Fig. 4. Normalized fluorescence intensity as a function of the urea concentration for β-lactoglobulin (P), ovalbumin (1), cytochrome c (E) and Met-80 cytochrome c (F). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-surface-pressure-vs-surface-load-for-cytochrome-c-1-e-3vwrx3zs.png Fig. 5. Surface pressure vs surface load, for cytochrome c (1, E) and Met-80 cytochrome c (2, F) at 0.005 (1) and 0.1 mg/mL (E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-the-forces-acting-on-a-1rptkepv.png Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the forces acting on a protein at the air– water interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fraction-unfolded-protein-as-a-function-of-time-for-b-1cwaw7k5.png Fig. 7. Fraction unfolded protein as a function of time for β-lactoglobulin (1) and ovalbumin (P); 8 M ureum was added to the cuvette at t = 0 s; inset shows the unfolding of the same samples at short times as measured by stopped-flow fluorescence (data from Ref. [44]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-pressure-as-a-function-of-time-for-b-2pdt3ube.png Fig. 1. Surface pressure as a function of time for β-lactoglobulin (A, 0.5 (Q), 0.1 (2) and 0.05 (F), and 0.005 (×) mg/mL) and ovalbumin (B, 0.5 (P), 0.1 (1) and 0.05 (E) mg/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-load-as-a-function-of-time-for-b-lactoglobulin-2wulj4x8.png Fig. 2. Surface load as a function of time for β-lactoglobulin (A, 0.5 (Q), 0.1 (2) and 0.05 (F), and 0.005 (×) mg/mL) and ovalbumin (B, 0.5 (P), 0.1 (1) and 0.05 (E) mg/mL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-surface-pressure-vs-surface-load-for-b-lactoglobulin-a-3s9p49fg.png Fig. 3. Surface pressure vs surface load, for β-lactoglobulin (A, 0.5–0.005 mg/mL) and ovalbumin (B, 1.0–0.05 mg/mL), labels with arrows indicate which curve belongs to which concentration. https://scispace.com/papers/the-agonist-of-jwa-gene-jac1-suppresses-proliferation-of-4s4gaw8nv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1won3xsx.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9a5q77pw.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-13i3gvqq.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pk6e23zq.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3fkpu8yr.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3l9a6p7o.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-airborne-identification-of-oil-films-at-the-caspian-sea-4l13dimnnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependence-of-the-reflection-coefficient-on-the-1whivs65.png Figure 2. Dependence of the reflection coefficient on the mean oil film thickness for different widths (different parameter p) of distribution of the oil film thickness for h = 10.6 pm and 2) = 10 m s-‘. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-contrast-of-lidar-cross-sections-k-for-1m7m7csz.png Figure 4. The contrast of lidar cross-sections K for different directions of sensing 0 = O”, 5”, IO” for the wind speed 2) =lO m S-‘. https://scispace.com/papers/the-airbus-a320-family-fan-cowl-door-safety-modification-a-3bigsm45pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-historical-overview-of-the-manufacturers-and-234jo7gp.png Figure 2. A historical overview of the manufacturers’ and regulating authorities’ (EASA, FAA) actions on the Airbus A320 family engine FCD safety issue. Note: DGAC refers to the French aviation regulator (‘Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile’). https://scispace.com/papers/the-alignment-of-agricultural-and-nature-conservation-2g4fkdxyq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-milestones-in-european-policy-affecting-agriculture-3jbesc6z.png Table 2 Milestones in European policy affecting agriculture and biodiversity conservation and introduction of ecosystem service concept (adapted from Condliffe 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-european-and-non-european-me3xktgq.png Table 1 Characteristics of European and non-European Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. https://scispace.com/papers/the-american-pioneer-woman-circa-1930-cultural-debates-and-4rjawbhdyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cartoon-from-bakers-pioneer-woman-wins-in-detroit-svw9iw50.png Figure 3: Cartoon from “Baker’s Pioneer Woman Wins in Detroit.” Arts Digest 15 May 1927, p. 6. Artist unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pioneer-woman-statue-ponca-city-oklahoma-photo-by-1u3aqh2s.png Figure 1: Pioneer Woman Statue, Ponca City, Oklahoma. Photo by the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-courtesy-of-the-marland-estate-ponca-city-xfqqsfu7.png Figure 2: Images courtesy of the Marland Estate, Ponca City, Oklahoma https://scispace.com/papers/the-amount-of-exposure-determines-generalization-in-animal-526uyp88sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-consumption-of-bx-solution-during-test-30drtmax.png Figure 1: Average consumption of BX solution during test https://scispace.com/papers/the-analysis-of-a-sparse-grid-stochastic-collocation-method-18d69y0enw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-n-11-components-of-the-multi-index-p-computed-by-25nh24ab.png Table 2. The N = 11 components of the multi index p computed by the anisotropic full tensor product algorithm when solving problem (6.1) with a correlation length Lc = 1/64. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-convergence-of-the-isotropic-smolyak-3rr21cc4.png Figure 4. The convergence of the isotropic Smolyak approximation for solving problem (6.1) with given correlation lengths Lc = 1/2, 1/4, 1/16 and 1/64 using both the Gaussian and Clenshaw-Curtis abscissas. For a finite dimensional probability space ΓN with N = 5 and N = 11 we plot the L2(D) approximation error in the expected value versus the number of collocation points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-for-a-two-dimensional-parameter-space-n-2-and-21vyxpiw.png Figure 1. For a two-dimensional parameter space (N = 2) and maximum level w = 5, we plot the full tensor product grid using the Clenshaw-Curtis abscissas (left) and isotropic Smolyak sparse grids H (5, 2), utilizing the Clenshaw-Curtis abscissas (middle) and the Gaussian abscissas (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-a-finite-dimensional-gn-with-n-5-11-and-21-we-1cyupshi.png Figure 2. For a finite dimensional ΓN with N = 5, 11 and 21 we plot the log of the number of distinct Clenshaw-Curtis collocation points used by the isotropic Smolyak method and the corresponding isotropic full tensor product method versus the level w (or the maximum number of points m employed in each direction). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-n-11-components-of-the-multi-index-p-computed-by-37diqfk1.png Table 1. The N = 11 components of the multi index p computed by the anisotropic full tensor product algorithm when solving problem (6.1) with a correlation length Lc = 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-rate-of-convergence-of-the-isotropic-smolyak-1df0ty0j.png Figure 3. The rate of convergence of the isotropic Smolyak approximation for solving problem (6.1) with correlation length Lc = 1/64 using both the Gaussian and ClenshawCurtis abscissas. For a finite dimensional probability space ΓN with N = 5 and N = 11 we plot the L2(D) approximation error in the expected value in the log-linear scale (left) and log-log scale (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-11-dimensional-comparison-of-the-isotropic-2y55410v.png Figure 5. A 11-dimensional comparison of the isotropic Smolyak method, the anisotropic full tensor product algorithm and Monte Carlo approach for solving problem (6.1) with correlation lengths Lc = 1/2, 1/4, 1/16 and 1/64. We plot the L2(D) approximation error in the expected value versus the number of collocation points (or samples of the Monte Carlo method). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-for-n-11-we-compare-the-number-of-function-1rsjx5fy.png Table 3. For N = 11, we compare the number of function evaluations required by the Anisotropic Full Tensor product method (AF) using Gaussian abscissas, Isotropic Smolyak (IS) using Clenshaw-Curtis abscissas and the Monte Carlo (MC) method using random abscissas, to reduce the original error of problem (6.1), in expectation, by a factor of 104. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ancestral-caddo-ceramic-vessel-and-vessel-sherd-1iy4v3wyn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-engraved-bottle-sherds-from-the-nawi-haia-ina-site-3bbkc85u.png Figure 13. Engraved bottle sherds from the Nawi haia ina site. Provenience: a, Unit 29, 20-30 cm; b, surface; c, Feature 1, west extension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-plain-bowl-and-carinated-bowl-rim-sherds-from-the-3vejdzkw.png Figure 14. Plain bowl and carinated bowl rim sherds from the Nawi haia ina site. Provenience: a, Unit 28, 20-30 cm; b, Unit 35, 10-20 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-incised-punctated-rim-sherd-unit-23-20-30-cm-bs-at-1t4riy06.png Figure 6. Incised-punctated rim sherd, Unit 23, 20-30 cm bs, at the Nawi haia ina site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-brushed-brushed-appliqued-brushedpunctated-and-304tmjzz.png Figure 11. Brushed, brushed-appliqued, brushedpunctated, and appliqued-incised body sherds from the Nawi haia ina site: Provenience: a, Unit 25, 0-10 cm; b, Unit 22, 20-30 cm; c, general surface; d, Feature 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-proportion-of-sherds-with-a-sandy-paste-in-the-nawi-2snykbab.png Table 5. Proportion of sherds with a sandy paste in the Nawi haia ina site ceramic assemblage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radiocarbon-samples-from-the-nawi-haia-ina-site-2oguwvwf.png Table 1. Radiocarbon samples from the Nawi haia ina site (41RK170). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-temper-classes-by-ceramic-wares-at-the-nawi-haia-ina-1wy4v87z.png Table 4. Temper classes by ceramic wares at the Nawi haia ina site, cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decorative-elements-on-feature-1-vessel-3-3e86svyz.png Figure 5. Decorative elements on Feature 1, Vessel 3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-anomalous-stiffness-of-biphenydimethyldithiol-4ngfbnf3cb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-logarithm-of-the-c-1s-a-and-s-2p-b-peak-integral-2um59jf5.png FIG. 2. Color Logarithm of the C 1s a and S 2p b peak integral photoemission intensities for biphenyldimethyldithiol BPDMT as a function of temperature, after background Ibg subtraction and normalization to the peak integral intensity at the lowest temperature I0. Two representative sets of data dots and triangles are shown. The experimental values were fitted solid lines with the Debye-Waller factor using Eqs. 1 and 3 . The inset to b is a schematic of biphenyldimethyldithiol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-x-ray-photoemission-spectra-of-the-c-1s-a-and-s-2k31arf3.png FIG. 1. Color X-ray photoemission spectra of the C 1s a and S 2p b core levels after background subtraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-normal-emission-s-2p-x-ray-photoemission-spectra-1nro20vn.png FIG. 3. Color Normal emission S 2p x-ray photoemission spectra for poly 3-hexylthiophene P3HT shown in a and the intensity is plotted in b as a function of temperature after background subtraction. The inset b is a schematic of one unit of the poly hexylthiophene . https://scispace.com/papers/the-antibody-response-to-plasmodium-falciparum-cues-for-47p70apcd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-receptor-based-antibodies-selected-by-blood-stage-33pmc1tt.png Figure 3. Receptor-based antibodies selected by blood-stage parasites. a) LAIR1containing antibodies can help in controlling the malaria infection by binding to RIFINs expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes. b) Two modalities of LAIR1 insertion into the VDJ region or into the switch region of immunoglobulin genes result in the production of receptor-based antibodies expressing a functional LAIR1 extracellular domain that is positioned at the tip of the HCDR3 or in the elbow between the VH and CH1 domains. c) RIFINs expressed on the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes can downregulate the immune response to the parasite by binding to inhibitory receptors expressed by different immune cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-life-cycle-of-p-falciparum-this-figure-shows-2u5xwqaf.png Figure 1. The life cycle of P. falciparum. This figure shows the different stages of the life cycle, along with several key parasite antigens that are potential antibody targets at each stage. A malaria infection begins when an infected female Anopheles mosquito injects a small number of sporozoites into the skin of a human host during a blood meal. The sporozoites enter blood vessels and home to the liver, where they invade target hepatocytes and develop into parasite liver stages, which subsequently rupture to release thousands of merozoites into the bloodstream. These merozoites invade erythrocytes and undergo asexual replication in these cells. A proportion of blood-stage parasites differentiate into male and female gametocytes, which are taken up by the mosquito during a blood meal. These gametocytes mature into gametes and fuse to become zygotes, which later develop into ookinetes and subsequently undergo meiosis to form sporozoites. https://scispace.com/papers/the-art-and-science-of-searching-medline-to-answer-clinical-3643j71cao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mesh-tree-segment-ycy2tvkg.png Figure 1. MeSH tree segment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustrative-medline-searches-1993-july-1997-a-1w14lor7.png Table 2. Illustrative MEDLINE Searches (1993–July 1997)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generic-receiver-operator-characteristic-roc-curve-3k15fzp3.png Figure 2. Generic receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-refinement-techniques-for-search-strategies-dabo56x4.png Table 4. Refinement Techniques for Search Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-medline-search-results-3bpss91p.png Table 1. Classification of MEDLINE Search Results https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-exposure-to-aflatoxin-mutation-in-q32iodfbuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-demographic-data-of-the-study-group-categorized-by-17zalptn.png Table 4 Demographic data of the study group categorized by HBV infection (serum Ag-positive), sex, alcohol consumption, and staple diet https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-afb1-lys-in-human-serum-albumin-detected-by-ic-elisa-vnr0v1mr.png Table 3 AFB1-lys in human serum albumin detected by IC-ELISA and TP53 mutation detected by PCRRFLP https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-news-and-attitudes-towards-a-dutch-aizo59ubwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-policy-events-in-kilometerheffing-policy-13pcth1c.png Table 1: Major Policy Events in Kilometerheffing Policy Process (Ardic et al., 2013a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-news-exposure-variables-2bckesqw.png Table 3 News exposure variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-model-explaining-the-attitudes-towards-1zylihpb.png Table 6: Regression model explaining the attitudes towards Kilometerheffing1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scale-measures-and-their-items-jze7ny6j.png Table 2 Scale measures and their items https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-models-explaining-beliefs-about-the-3mvf9iue.png Table 7: Regression models explaining beliefs about the financial consequences of Kilometerheffing on one’s own financial situation 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-models-explaining-beliefs-about-the-1yb7z0bg.png Table 8: Regression models explaining beliefs about the impact of Kilometerheffing on environment-congestion 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-socio-demographic-and-mobility-control-variables-3ovtsbt8.png Table 5 Socio demographic and mobility control variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-scale-measures-and-their-items-m4w4fq7k.png Table 4 Scale measures and their items https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-c-reactive-protein-concentration-and-4mykplmsjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplots-displayed-according-to-group-membership-the-3eedc6m7.png FIG. 1. Boxplots displayed according to group membership. The solid blocks represent the 25th to 75th centile of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration for each group. The white horizontal lines across the boxes represent the median CRP concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-subjects-24zrw8g2.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with and without clinically significant depressive symptoms, as determined by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-observational-studies-investigating-the-1elc9azo.png Table 3. Summary of observational studies investigating the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and depression https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-of-clinically-significant-depression-r3s4npg6.png Table 2. Odds ratios of clinically significant depression according to CRP concentration https://scispace.com/papers/the-availability-of-glucose-to-cho-cells-affects-the-5cjtgnqn77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-1-comparison-of-various-types-of-n-linked-1atfhyh9.png Figure 1.2.1. Comparison of various types of N-linked glycosylation and structures in different protein expression systems (Spearman et al., 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-1-culture-measurements-following-24-h-incubation-1agkp8gn.png Table 3.2.1. Culture measurements following 24 h incubation at various glucose concentrations2. The initial cell density was 2.6 x 106 cells/mL in 80 mL of media. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-1-schematic-representation-of-conventional-1t5tg5au.png Figure 1.7.1. Schematic representation of conventional antibody IgG (A); and chimeric heavy chain antibody (cHCAb) EG2 (B). IgG contains two light (L) chains (VL and CL) and two heavy chains (includes VH, CH1, hinge, and CH2 and CH3 domains). CH3 and CH2 domains form the Fc portion, which is in charge of effector function. EG2 is generated from conventional antibodies, comprised of an intact human Fc region with a single-domain; antigen-specific VHH derived from a llama HCAb and contains only heavy chains (includes antigen-binding, single domain the VHH, hinge, and CH2 and CH3 domains). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-variable-galactosylation-of-antibodies-reported-in-17g9npmt.png Table 7.1. Variable galactosylation of antibodies reported in the previous literature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-1-separation-of-eg2-antibodies-on-reduced-8-16-mx2v5m2w.png Figure 5.2.1. Separation of EG2 antibodies on reduced 8-16% SDS-PAGE gel. Protein A purified antibodies were isolated from 24 h CHO cultures with (lane 1) 0 mM, (lane 2) 5 mM, (lane 3) 10 mM, (lane 4) 12.5 mM, (lane 5) 15 mM, (lane 6) 17.5 mM and (lane 7) 25 mM D‐glucose. The purified antibody in lane 8 was isolated from the culture prior to the 24 h incubation. Upper bands in lanes 1 to 4 correspond to glycosylated antibodies, and the lower bands were determined to be non‐glycosylated antibodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-1-viable-cell-concentrations-of-cho-eg2-cell-3q6067a9.png Figure 3.2.1. Viable cell concentrations of CHO-EG2 cell grown in Biogro CHO media supplemented with various initial glucose concentrations for 24 h. For each of 3 experiments cells were taken from late stage exponential phase and inoculated at 2.6 x 106 cells/mL into duplicate shake flasks (250 mL) containing 80 mL of media. The initial glucose concentrations varied from 0-25 mM as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-2-2-1-example-of-the-standard-curve-generated-by-1w0oh3gp.png Figure 2.5.2.2.1. Example of the standard curve generated by the data of a dextran https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-1-lipid-linked-oligosaccharide-llo-profiles-hplc-3as85pzt.png Figure 4.3.1: Lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) profiles. HPLC profiles show LLOs extracted from cell lysates at the end of each culture described in Figure 1. The glycans from each sample were acid hydrolyzed from the lipid carriers, 2-AB labelled and detected by HILIC. (GlcΔ; ManΟ and GlcNAc ). https://scispace.com/papers/the-beam-quality-parameter-of-spirally-polarized-beams-3n7f04ilnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-beam-quality-parameter-k2-q-versus-the-14q7jdku.png Figure 4. Normalized beam quality parameter k2 Q versus the order n (including the case of (n + m) fractional) for (a) m = 1, (b) m = 3, and (c) m = 5. The parameters a and w have the same values as in figure 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irradiance-beam-profiles-normalized-to-the-peak-2iqg9awd.png Figure 3. Irradiance beam profiles, normalized to the peak, across a diameter for m = 5 and n = 1 (dashed line), n = 10 (solid line), and n = 15 (dotted line). The parameters a and w have the same values as in figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-beam-quality-parameter-k2-q-versus-the-39uv6847.png Figure 2. Normalized beam quality parameter k2 Q versus the integer n for (a) m = 1, (b) m = 3, and (c) m = 5. The parameters a and w have the same values as in figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalized-beam-quality-parameter-k2-q-versus-the-2c7af4i4.png Figure 1. Normalized beam quality parameter k2 Q versus the order m. The parameters of the Bessel–Gauss function are a = 9.92 mm−1 and w = 1 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bernstein-von-mises-theorem-in-semiparametric-competing-5c55ttdr2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-coverage-of-interval-estimates-for-p1-t-3ddejmwr.png Table 1 Empirical coverage of interval estimates for P1(t∗) (upper block) and P2(t∗) (lower block) based on 1000 independent samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bibale-database-at-the-irht-a-digital-tool-for-kpirebr8sh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bibale-database-homepage-2yznixwk.png Figure 4. Bibale Database homepage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-current-version-of-the-bibale-cj984cc0.png Figure 1. Structure of the current version of the Bibale database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-overview-of-the-principal-irht-databases-3awrh1ai.png Figure 3. Schematic overview of the principal IRHT databases and other webtools and linked databases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-one-of-the-5200-cards-of-the-heraldic-2671udew.png Figure 2. An example of one of the 5,200 cards of the Heraldic Card Index at the IRHT: the card shows the arms of Charles d’Orléans- Angoulême and his wife Louise de Savoie. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bradyrhizobium-sp-lmica16-type-vi-secretion-system-is-49o8w9jk4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-core-and-accessory-gene754sof-a16-t6ss-and-putative-1zaef7bq.png Table 1. Core and accessory gene754sof A16 T6SS and putative functions. Comparison toR. 494 etliMim1,B.diazoefficiens USDA110 and to A. caulinodansORS_571 495 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-study-of-the-competitiveness-of-the-wild-type-a16-3pjth3yr.png Fig. 6 Study of the competitiveness of the wild type A16 strain with the vgrG mutant at different ratios 691 inoculated with L. angustifolius. Values are the average of at least 10 plants from 2 replicates (5 692 plants/replicate). 693 https://scispace.com/papers/the-building-of-a-professional-creating-greater-career-4sibuyxynd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3s20kjle.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-caccioppoli-ultrafunctions-1o23nogxy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-function-u-x-for-g-4-6984bzu3.png Figure 1: The function u(x) for γ = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-function-u-x-for-g-4-30ek97sp.png Figure 2: The function ũ(x) for γ = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-function-f-x-for-g-4-figure-4-the-function-f-x-2qtpmlwg.png Figure 3: The function F (ξ) for γ = 4. Figure 4: The function F (ξ) for γ = 14. https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-for-open-market-purchases-in-a-liquidity-trap-gt06ech814 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-which-shows-consumption-trajectories-for-the-219e0wra.png Figure 5, which shows consumption trajectories for the baseline equilibrium, the equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-evolution-of-japans-term-structure-of-3cuuuubk.png Figure 1 shows the evolution of Japan’s term structure of interest rates since 1997. Short- https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-for-replacement-migration-4c0mm64emr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pronatalism-and-replacement-migration-over-two-15ok17uv.png Table 1: Pronatalism and replacement migration over two generations https://scispace.com/papers/the-census-of-construction-industries-database-1offgkphqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-and-universe-counts-of-1992-cci-by-payroll-gj7ru0el.png Table 1 Sample and Universe Counts of 1992 CCI by Payroll https://scispace.com/papers/the-central-role-of-noise-in-evaluating-interventions-that-4psel11e2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-means-and-standard-deviations-krs0vejm.png Table 1: Variable means and standard deviations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-p-900-effects-on-1988-1992-gain-scores-alternate-21qyivn1.png Table 6: P-900 effects on 1988-1992 gain scores, alternate identification strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-language-scores-1984-1992-3prspy3v.png Figure 4: Average language scores, 1984-1992 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-program-allocation-in-region-1-and-all-regions-fcaai892.png Figure 3: Program allocation in Region 1 and all regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cut-off-definitions-sample-sizes-and-percentage-3th7hnwh.png Table 2: Cut-off definitions, sample sizes, and percentage correctly classified by region https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-900-effects-on-1988-1990-and-1988-1992-gain-scores-3do5dty3.png Table 3: P-900 effects on 1988-1990 and 1988-1992 gain scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-scores-and-gain-scores-by-fourth-grade-30z5b1nh.png Figure 2: Average scores and gain scores by fourth grade enrollment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-noise-and-school-rankings-3aczd3c1.png Figure 6: Noise and school rankings https://scispace.com/papers/the-centrifugal-partition-reactor-a-novel-intensified-1nfwbl87av 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-ofmobile-phase-flow-rate-on-the-oleic-acid-101whreh.png Fig. 5. Effect ofmobile phase flow rate on the oleic acid conversion in the CPR. Operating conditions: n-BuOH/oleic acid =3, R. miehei concentration=0.5 g L−1 , rotation speed 800 rpm. CPR is operated at controlled room temperature (22 ◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-concentration-of-the-lipase-from-r-miehei-3oiuui5d.png Fig. 6. Effect of concentration of the lipase from R. miehei upon oleic acid consumed in the CPR, at 800 rpm, n-BuOH/oleic acid =3, oleic acid feed concentration=0.032mol L−1 , and mobile phase flow rate =10mLmin−1 . CPR is operated at controlled room temperature (22 ◦C). The reported conversion values are average of triplicate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-feed-substrate-concentration-on-oleic-acid-29p6ffuh.png Fig. 7. Effect of feed substrate concentration on oleic acid consumed in the CPR. Reactions conditions: 3 g L−1 of enzyme, n-BuOH/acid ratio of 3, 5mLmin−1 flow rate and 800 rpm rotation speed. CPR is operated at controlled room temperature (22 ◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-conversion-in-the-cpr-for-a-3-day-operation-reaction-m26dz07j.png Fig. 8. Conversion in the CPR for a 3 day operation. Reaction conditions: 3 g L−1 of enzyme, n-BuOH/acid ratio of 3, 2.5mLmin−1 flow rate and 800 rpm rotation speed. CPR is operated at controlled room temperature (22 ◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-rotor-and-an-engraved-disk-composed-of-twin-cells-fjt7u1aw.png Fig. 1. The rotor and an engraved disk composed of twin-cells connected by ducts. The pictures were from Armen Instrument catalog [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-n-butanol-to-oleic-acid-molar-ratio-2-3-6-12ptylxt.png Fig. 2. Effect of n-butanol to oleic acid molar ratio (2, 3, 6 and 16) upon oleic acid conversion in the CPR. The feed oleic acid concentration and enzyme concentration were 0.032mol L−1 and 3g L−1 , respectively. The rotation speed was 1200 rpm and mobile phase flow rate was 10mLmin−1 . CPR is operated at controlled room temperature (22 ◦C). The reported conversion values are the average of triplicate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scheme-of-the-probable-hydrodynamics-in-the-cpr-when-1j9qxije.png Fig. 4. Scheme of the probable hydrodynamics in the CPR when increasing the rotation speed at constant stationary phase hold-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-effect-of-rotation-speed-on-the-oleic-acid-2w6lzi64.png Fig. 3. (A) Effect of rotation speed on the oleic acid conversion in the CPR. n-BuOH/oleic acid =3, R. miehei concentration=3g L−1 , mobile phase flow rate 10mLL−1 corresponding to 8 min residence time. (B) Effect of impeller rotation speed (d: 800 rpm, N: 1200 rpm, j: 1600 rpm) in the batch reactor, at the same substrate molar ratio and enzyme concentration as in the CPR. CPR and batch reactorwere operated at controlled room temperature (22 ◦C). The reported conversion values are the average of triplicate experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-challenge-of-the-microenvironment-in-b-cell-lymphomas-1t08jr9l5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hsitopathology-and-immunostaining-of-an-extranodal-cmlvblbd.png Figure 5. Hsitopathology and immunostaining of an extranodal marginal zone B-cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-t-cell-development-and-1lfdbdcg.png Figure 6. Schematic representation of T-cell development and differentiation into regulatory T-cells and a variety of subtypes with differing functions, and from which the differing T-cell lymphomas are postulated to arise. The main regulatory T-cell considered to have a major role in the development and progress in some B-NHL are the CD4+, CD25+ and FoxP3+ T-regs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histopathology-and-immunostaining-of-a-mantle-cell-2ox4wdd9.png Figure 4. Histopathology and immunostaining of a mantle cell lymphoma, which https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histopathology-with-associated-immunostaining-of-a-2jpgcb2x.png Figure 3.Histopathology with associated immunostaining of a typical follicular https://scispace.com/papers/the-change-in-attitude-of-nigerians-towards-covid-19-1y9yvjxy4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-countries-territories-or-areas-outside-china-with-12f3712p.png Table 2. Countries, territories or areas outside China with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data as of 07 March 2020* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-epidemic-curve-of-confirmed-covid-19-cases-reported-23jc4irf.png Figure 2. Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported outside of China (n=21,110), by date of report and WHO region through 07 March 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confirmed-and-suspected-cases-of-covid-19-acute-288ymxdh.png Table 1. Confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease reported by provinces, regions and cities in China, Data as of 07 March 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-countries-territories-or-areas-with-reported-1gw8mayu.png Figure 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, 07 March 2020 https://scispace.com/papers/the-cheerleader-effect-is-robust-to-experimental-n16rbph5by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cheerleader-effect-for-each-presentation-time-3f441a9o.png Figure 2. The cheerleader effect for each presentation time condition in Experiment 1a and Experiment 1b. The cheerleader effect is statistically significant in each condition (see Table 1). Error bars show the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-the-group-and-alone-trial-procedures-30q61mgi.png Figure 1. Examples of the group and alone trial procedures. Group Trial (Control Condition) a) the group is initially presented without the target cued b) the target is cued for 1000 ms [centre] c) an attractiveness rating is given along the visual analogue scale. Alone Trial d) the target is presented for 1000 ms e) the target is cued for 1000 ms f) an attractiveness rating is given along the visual analogue scale. [Due to copyright restrictions, the faces in this figure are representative of those in the stimulus set, but were not themselves shown in the experiment]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequentist-and-bayesian-one-sample-t-tests-308b0moj.png Table 1 Frequentist and Bayesian one sample t-tests comparing cheerleader effect change scores in each presentation time condition with 0, to determine statistically significant change in attractiveness. https://scispace.com/papers/the-chemical-synthesis-of-knob-domain-antibody-fragments-4em62djqc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-biacore-multi-cycle-kinetics-data-from-n-3t53mvhv.png Table 1. Summary of Biacore multi-cycle kinetics, data from n=3 experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-collection-and-refinement-statistics-molecular-206xe783.png Table 2. Data collection and refinement statistics (molecular replacement). https://scispace.com/papers/the-chinese-phillips-curve-inflation-dynamics-in-the-25off8uxoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phillips-curve-with-breakpoint-s-1987q3-2014q3-tqos24us.png TABLE 2 - PHILLIPS CURVE WITH BREAKPOINT(S) (1987Q3-2014Q3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-phillips-curve-with-markov-switching-model-1988q1-2d8nqjv5.png TABLE 3 - PHILLIPS CURVE WITH MARKOV SWITCHING MODEL (1988Q1-2014Q3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phillips-curve-estimation-linear-model-1988q1-2014q3-tvjlf6pq.png TABLE 1 - PHILLIPS CURVE ESTIMATION – LINEAR MODEL(1988Q1-2014Q3) https://scispace.com/papers/the-chinese-warrants-bubble-3h026eb9sd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-feedback-dynamics-1j49xju3.png Table 6—Feedback Dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-information-of-the-18-put-warrants-1perd7b8.png Table 1—Summary Information of the 18 Put Warrants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-warrant-price-drop-2qbb4dxy.png Figure 5. Average Warrant Price Drop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-warrant-dynamics-in-the-bubble-sample-1u6ppu99.png Figure 3. Warrant Dynamics in the Bubble Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-momentum-profits-1iywwb6y.png Table 7—Momentum Profits https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-size-of-the-warrants-bubble-2yuiq1hy.png Table 5—Determinants of Size of the Warrants Bubble https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-volume-and-volatility-of-wuliang-put-warrant-3p40wlab.png Figure 2. Volume and Volatility of WuLiang Put Warrant https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-dynamics-during-the-zero-fundamental-period-pkx7s3xt.png Table 2—Market Dynamics during the Zero-Fundamental Period (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-cichlid-cichlidogyrus-network-a-blueprint-for-a-model-1itsf8nohb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-standardised-framework-for-reporting-host-697t0l3o.png Table 1 Proposed standardised framework for reporting host-parasite network data, common reporting https://scispace.com/papers/the-clinical-effectiveness-of-insulin-glargine-in-patients-2hnh20rton 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patients-characteristics-n-580-minas-gerais-brazil-1whthofm.png Table 2 - Patients characteristics (N = 580). Minas Gerais, Brazil https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dose-analysis-of-analog-glargine-in-different-age-16afvjcp.png Table 5 - Dose Analysis of analog glargine in different age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-patients-included-in-the-h6gsbdyr.png Table 3 - Descriptive statistics of patients included in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glycemic-control-after-6-months-using-glargine-2mjd9exc.png Figure 1 - Glycemic control after 6 months using glargine analog, by age group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individuals-hba1c-values-176d8wz8.png Table 2 - Patients characteristics (N = 580). Minas Gerais, Brazil https://scispace.com/papers/the-chronology-and-tectonic-style-of-landscape-evolution-129qc12hd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cartoon-representation-of-the-post-jurassic-1mj2d19k.png Figure 10. Cartoon representation of the post-Jurassic tectonic evolution of the southwest African continental margin. (a) Rifting during the Early Cretaceous creates deep fault-bounded grabens in the proximal part of the margin and a fault-bounded uplifted rift flank. Synrift erosion of uplifted fault blocks and elevated rift flanks occurs during extension due to the drop of regional base levels to the nascent Atlantic Ocean with deposition resulting in developing basins. The uplifted rift flank is eroded by escarpment downwearing most likely with an interior drainage divide causing denudation to extend far inland. (b) Prolonged extension across the South Atlantic and regional intraplate stresses are augmented with extensional stresses induced from vertical motions related to the loading and unloading of the margin and the possible presence of a buoyant mantle upwelling beneath the continental interior also causing regional uplift of South Africa. The preexisting structure and preferential orientation of these structures with the regional stress field at this time primes the faults for reactivation. Brittle tectonics may have extended into the offshore domain with gravitational slumping occurring farther oceanward due to a regional uplift of the continent. Paleostress tensors taken after Viola et al. [2012]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-different-factors-that-contribute-to-3cwh14nn.png Table 3. Summary of the Different Factors That Contribute to Single-Grain AHe Age Dispersion and the Estimated Magnitude of Dispersion Introduced by Each of These Factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-relationships-of-ahe-age-uncorrected-against-bk665vu0.png Figure 4. (a) Relationships of AHe age (uncorrected) against spherical equivalent radius (R*) (top row) and against effective uranium ([eU] = [U] + [0.235*Th]). All uncertainties include 1σ analytical uncertainty plus an additional 10% uncertainty observed in the dispersion of Durango standards analyzed. The two plots in the final column are cartoons illustrating the relative influence on AHe ages by the different factors causing natural AHe single-grain age dispersion (R* = spherical equivalent radius; eU= effective uranium; and F = crystal fragment length) [after Brown et al., 2013]. The competing influence of all dispersion contributors perturbs simple 2-D relationships. Age increases with increasing eU and R*. Larger fragment lengths of broken crystals are typically older than small fragment lengths. (b) Probability density functions of a normal distribution centered on the mean AFT and mean AHe age with 1σ the standard deviation on the mean. (c) Location map of samples used for dispersion plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-history-modeling-results-for-three-samples-dds0ng6t.png Figure 6. Thermal history modeling results for three samples from the Namaqualand Highlands highlighting middle-Late Cretaceous cooling (top row), their data predictions (bottom row), and their location on the topographic map of the study area. In Figure 6 (top row), blue line shows the expected model (i.e., average of all models weighted for their posterior probability); magenta lines indicate 95% credible intervals for the expectedmodel. Red box indicates the prior information on temperature and time. Yellow and red boxes are used to indicate the timing of the postrift cooling episodes: approximately 110–90Ma (structurally controlled denudation across the entire margin and regional denudation of the interior plateau) and approximately 80–60Ma (structurally controlled denudation, potentially caused by compression-driven inversion in parts of South Africa and in Namibia), respectively. Figure 6 (bottom row) shows the observed track length distributions; red curve indicates the predicted track length distributions, and grey curves indicate 95% credible intervals (i.e., uncertainty) for track length distributions prediction. Inset plot shows the relationship of observed data against model-predicted data; green circles represent single-grain AHe ages, and blue circles represent AFT age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-coast-perpendicular-sections-see-figure-1-with-1xjea5aa.png Figure 9. Coast-perpendicular sections (see Figure 1) with predictions on magnitudes of denudation over time intervals since 150Ma and sample/profile models used to derive these estimates. Data within 7.5 km on either side of the section trace were projected at 90° onto the line of section. Denudation estimates are made directly from thermal history models generated by inverting data from this study and from Wildman et al. [2015]. Denudation is estimated using an assumed geothermal gradient of 25°C/km. Samples comprising multisample inversions are as follows: Kamiesberg Upper: 8832-78, 8832-79, SA12-38, SA12-37, and SA12-36; Kamiesberg Lower: SA12-35 and SA12-33; NQ Plateau: 8832-75 and SA12-52; and NQ Coast: NQ12-15, NQ12-16, NQ12-17, and NQ12-18. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inset-figure-shows-the-first-order-topography-of-1gnc1spe.png Figure 1. Inset figure shows the first-order topography of Southern Africa and location of the Namaqualand Highlands study area. Main location map digital elevation model created using SRTM90m data. Elevation map is draped over Landsat ETM+RGB:321 satellite images to enhance local relief and geomorphic features. Elevation profiles for three coast-perpendicular transects are shown and are used in Figure 9 with projected data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thermal-history-modeling-results-for-an-elevation-2bolcwvw.png Figure 7. Thermal history modeling results for an elevation profile of (top row) samples in the Namaqualand Highlands and (bottom row) their data predictions. In Figure 7 (top row), blue line shows the expected model (i.e., average of all models weighted for their posterior probability) for the upper sample; red lines show the expected model for the bottom sample in the profile; and grey lines show expected model for intervening samples. Cyan and magenta lines indicate 95% credible intervals for the top and bottom sample expected model, respectively. Red box indicates the prior information on temperature and time. (middle and bottom rows) model predictions. Legend for data prediction plots can be found in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thermal-history-modeling-results-for-three-samples-3bvhtd9n.png Figure 5. Thermal history modeling results for three samples from the Namaqualand Highlands highlighting Early Cretaceous cooling (top row), their data predictions (bottom row), and their location on the topographic map of the study area. In Figure 5 (top row), blue line shows the expectedmodel (i.e., average of all models weighted for their posterior probability); magenta lines indicate 95% credible intervals for the expected model. Red box indicates the prior information on temperature and time. Green box is used to indicate the timing of the synrift cooling episode predicted across the entire margin (i.e., approximately 150–130Ma). Figure 5 (bottom row) shows the observed track length distributions; red curve indicates the predicted track length distributions, and grey curves indicate 95% credible intervals (i.e., uncertainty) for track length distribution prediction. Inset plot shows the relationship of observed data against model-predicted data; green circles represent single-grain AHe ages, and blue circles represent AFT ages. https://scispace.com/papers/the-clinical-management-of-shock-100dssv93k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-image-represents-posterior-cord-injury-and-the-1vipzq05.png Figure 5. Image represents posterior cord injury and the pathways involved. This image was created using Biorender and is used here based on the terms and conditions of Biorender®. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cluster-model-a-simulation-of-the-aerogel-structure-as-a-4z1trwkrrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-examples-of-cluster-models-with-3-shells-of-13e2xgiq.png Figure 2: Two examples of Cluster models with 3 shells of random-packed spheres and 2 hierarchical levels (left), and with 2 shells of random-packed spheres and three hierarchical levels (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-diagram-of-the-spherical-cap-with-w6kby8aj.png Figure 4: Two-dimensional diagram of the spherical cap, with height h, and the base radius or overlapping neck radius a, and sphere radius R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-of-the-real-aerogels-and-of-39midp3d.png Table 1. Structural parameters of the real aerogels and of its corresponding cluster models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-parameters-of-the-woigniers-aerogels-left-q5ovskpb.png Table 2. Structural parameters of the Woignier’s aerogels (left) and of their corresponding cluster models. Errors in models’ results concern to standard error from at least 10 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparative-results-of-the-normalized-strength-from-2fhlmml4.png Figure 3: Comparative results of the normalized strength from experimental tests, Woignier’s theoretical model, Cluster model with the original Rumpf’s expression and the modified expression. Values and their error bars in Cluster model data are the result of the average of at least 5 repeats of the same system. https://scispace.com/papers/the-combined-effects-of-magnetic-asymmetry-assembly-and-2tjmkfuj9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2h8h7lwb.png Table 1 : https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1r403ogj.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-clinical-use-of-stress-echocardiography-in-non-ischaemic-2i537fa3pr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-levels-of-evidence-3gf4ja30.png Table 2 Levels of evidence https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classes-of-recommendations-39j2oe7z.png Table 1 Classes of recommendations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-universal-cardiac-arrest-algorithm-3fj6ywhs.png Figure 2 Universal cardiac arrest algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cardiac-involvement-in-muscular-dystrophies-adapted-1boh0eus.png Table 7 Cardiac involvement in muscular dystrophies. Adapted with permission from Groh et al.666 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definitions-of-commonly-used-terms-tn2kyh2w.png Table 3 Definitions of commonly used terms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagnostic-workup-in-patients-with-sustained-3ne4so9n.png Figure 3 Diagnostic workup in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias and ACS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagnostic-workup-in-patients-presenting-with-2109z6fo.png Figure 1 Diagnostic workup in patients presenting with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-anti-arrhythmic-drugs-available-for-the-treatment-of-2kqrkebo.png Table 5 Anti-arrhythmic drugs available for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in most European countries https://scispace.com/papers/the-combined-effects-of-online-planning-and-task-structure-1q5sgglkf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-about-here-brzecr4u.png Table 3 about here https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-about-here-r16hnazl.png Table 1 about here https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-about-here-3o7v2urs.png Table 4 about here https://scispace.com/papers/the-common-and-specific-components-of-inflation-expectation-4kvmwwm8xg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-the-empirical-fitted-variogram-left-and-the-xppovu07.png Figure 4.6: The empirical fitted variogram (left) and the parametrically fitted variogram (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-the-one-month-ahead-forecast-for-the-residuals-2oeo5iqt.png Figure 4.7: The one-month ahead forecast for the residuals without a spatial-temporal copula model (red dotted) and the residual with the spatial-temporal copula model (blue solid). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-the-mean-u-and-rmse-for-the-out-of-sample-forecast-1viwmbc5.png Table 4.7: The mean µ and RMSE for the out-of-sample forecast errors with the threecomponent model for all sample countries. ũit,τ is the filtered model residuals using spatial-temporal copula. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-the-24-months-ahead-forecast-using-the-three-1frlqepi.png Figure 4.8: The 24-months ahead forecast using the three-component model, the 80% and 95% CI are marked in the shaded area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-ie-estimates-over-two-different-maturities-2gte1inf.png Figure 3.2: The IE estimates over two different maturities for each country. The three-year IE is the red line and the five-year IE is dashed blue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-variance-decomposition-result-of-the-three-218rsa8i.png Table 4.5: Variance decomposition result of the three-component model (in percentage) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-the-evolution-of-the-common-factor-using-the-27n6ypaw.png Figure 4.4: The evolution of the common factor using the three-component model, with the predicted value in black solid line and the filtered value in black dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-estimated-coefficients-and-95-confidence-intervals-2fcr5xrk.png Table 4.4: Estimated coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the threecomponent model for the IE dynamics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-common-thread-diversion-in-juvenile-justice-227vjyexmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-trends-in-incarceration-for-juveniles-14-to-17-year-3leoqcmq.png Figure I. Trends in Incarceration for Juveniles (14 to 17 year olds) and Young Adults (18 to 24 year olds) ........................................... 2492 C onclusion .............................................................................................. 2494 https://scispace.com/papers/the-complementarity-of-human-capital-and-language-capital-in-p0etvpsbli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimations-with-composite-indices-of-lc-3iwwtlhd.png Table 6: Estimations with composite indices of LC https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-full-estimations-with-hc-measured-by-higher-2kzsq36j.png Table 4: Full estimations with HC measured by Higher education and training and different LC variables, 2006-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-full-estimations-with-hc-measured-by-tertiary-3d06ucd7.png Table 5: Full estimations with HC measured by tertiary education and different LC variables, 1995-2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-marginal-effect-of-hc-measured-by-secondary-2cxgd9ty.png Table 3: Marginal effect of HC measured by Secondary education under various contexts of LC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-25t2eoy9.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-estimations-with-hc-measured-by-secondary-2y360qt9.png Table 2: Baseline estimations with HC measured by Secondary education and different LC variables, 1995-2008 https://scispace.com/papers/the-complete-conformational-panorama-of-formanilide-water-3pyq3seq3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-r0-hydrogen-bond-lengths-and-angles-2q1wan3w.png Figure  4.  Experimental  r0  hydrogen  bond  lengths  and  angles  for  the  observed microsolvates of formanilide compared to the ab initio predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-complexity-of-weak-consistency-3xy9m357i4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-the-visualization-of-wc-where-sync-represents-a-1pf9hfu3.png Fig. 3.1. The visualization of WC, where SYNC represents a synchronization operation on a variable other than x and y. Initially, x = y = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-a-yes-instance-of-the-twc-read-problem-2iufs8sz.png Fig. 4.1. A “yes” instance of the TWC-read problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-transfroming-an-instance-of-positive-one-in-three-1mbueg0s.png Fig. 5.1. Transfroming an instance of positive one-in-three 3SAT to an instance of TWC. The 3SAT instance contains n variables v1, ..., vn and m clauses: C1, ..., Cm, where Ci = (vxi ∨ vyi ∨ vzi) for some xi, yi, zi ∈ [1..n]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-compound-channel-capacity-of-a-class-of-finite-state-30fire7e3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-gilbert-elliott-channel-model-pg-and-pb-are-the-21y0lxer.png Fig. 1. The Gilbert–Elliott channel model.PG and PB are the channel error probabilities in the “good” and “bad” states, andg andb are transition probabilities between states. https://scispace.com/papers/the-computation-of-pairwise-stable-networks-59axkjr8kv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-paths-in-h-1-0-with-different-priors-2gtmigc6.png Table 4: Paths in H −1({0}) with different priors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tracing-procedure-via-l-w-p-b-c-rwf7tnux.png Table 2: Tracing procedure via L (W, p,B,C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-paths-in-l-w-p-with-p-0-7-0-8-0-9-l05i74ug.png Table 3: Paths in L (W, p) with p = (0.7, 0.8, 0.9) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tracing-procedure-with-p3-l1ij-ij-l-and-t-versus-1vracnxw.png Figure 3: Tracing procedure with p3: (λ1ij)ij∈L and t versus iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tracing-procedure-with-p1-l1ij-ij-l-and-t-versus-2pkerv6w.png Figure 2: Tracing procedure with p1: (λ1ij)ij∈L and t versus iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-all-unweighted-networks-with-three-agents-2woq4hef.png Figure 1: All unweighted networks with three agents https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoffs-vi-g-in-the-connections-model-36ugggp9.png Table 1: Payoffs vi(g) in the connections model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-concept-of-2d-gated-imaging-for-particle-sizing-in-a-53wz08j70u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2d-lii-at-different-instants-of-decay-the-strongest-8ck6ubln.png Fig. 8: 2D LII at different instants of decay. The strongest signal from the largest primary particles lasts approximately 2.5 µs out of which the first 1.5 µs could be used for further analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cars-temperature-radial-profiles-left-covering-the-16g6nzad.png Fig. 7: CARS temperature radial profiles (left) covering the region of interest for our TiRe LII analysis. For HAB=50 mm a smoothed profile is shown indicating the step size required for particle sizing, the plot on the right shows a 2D interpolation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2d-soot-particle-diameter-measurements-for-better-80zdmph9.png Fig. 10: 2D soot particle diameter measurements, for better visualization overlayed with LII image (left), and particle diameter profiles for some axial locations (right). The circle sizes visualize particle diameters; a reference particle spere of 30 nm is included as legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-maximum-likelihood-estimator-for-a-given-signal-and-3nwpx2fi.png Fig. 9.a: Maximum likelihood estimator for a given signal and different calculated signals as a function of CMD and σg (r=0 mm, HAB=42 mm). Fig. 9.b: Temporal LII signal decays, measured (r=0 mm, HAB=42 mm) and calculated (CMD=16.5 nm, σg =0.37). Fig. 9.c: Particle size distribution calculated for CMD=16.5 nm and σg=0.37. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculated-energy-rates-f0-0-4-j-cm2-llas-1064-nm-tg-3rp2mw1s.png Fig. 1: Calculated energy rates (F0=0.4 J/cm2, llas=1064 nm, Tg=1800 K, D0=20 nm, ldet=450 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-results-for-the-signal-decay-from-different-2as8uqq6.png Fig. 2: Model results for the signal decay from different sized particles illuminated by a 0.4 J/cm2 laser pulse at 1064 nm. Detection is at 450 nm, ambient temperature for this example is 1800 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photograph-of-the-sooting-flame-zvo11m1h.png Fig. 4: Photograph of the sooting flame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-model-results-solid-curve-with-measured-1y72zct1.png Fig. 3. Comparison of model results (solid curve) with measured LII temporal profiles [25]. Indicated values are used fluences in J/cm2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-confinement-of-phonon-propagation-in-tialn-ag-multilayer-1ozvblqwb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-stem-cross-sectional-image-showing-the-structure-1uw310k8.png Figure 1. a – STEM cross-sectional image showing the structure of a TiAlN/Ag multilayer coating https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-density-of-the-states-dos-of-acoustic-phonons-and-j65ig02t.png Figure 3. (a) Density of the states (DOS) of acoustic phonons and (b) dependence of Ag (TA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-phonon-spectra-from-tialn-layer-a-and-kvfn0yhv.png Figure 2. Experimental phonon spectra from TiAlN layer (a) and 150nm Ag layer (b) in multilayer https://scispace.com/papers/the-contact-period-of-central-peten-guatemala-in-color-yav0p7j86d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ceremonial-area-group-c-zacpeten-drawing-pugh-3cgn5e3d.png Figure 3. Ceremonial area, Group C, Zacpetén. Drawing: Pugh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-group-719-zacpeten-drawing-pugh-1udbrazb.png Figure 5. Group 719, Zacpetén. Drawing: Pugh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tripod-plate-chompoxte-red-on-paste-akalche-variety-668lo5ga.png Figure 7. Tripod plate (Chompoxté red-on-paste: Akalché variety), Structure 766, Zacpetén. Photo: Don Rice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-vessel-contents-cache-4-structure-602-zacpeten-18pa3g6k.png Figure 9. Vessel contents, Cache 4, Structure 602, Zacpetén. Drawing: Pugh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-peten-lakes-region-guatemala-at-contact-drawing-10pps2w3.png Figure 1. The Petén lakes region, Guatemala at contact. Drawing: Pugh (redrawn from Pugh 2009a:fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-kowoj-and-itza-decorative-programs-all-excavated-2t7ojp39.png Figure 8. Kowoj and Itza decorative programs (all excavated from Zacpetén). Drawings: Cecil. (a) Chompoxté red-on-paste: Chompoxtévariety tripod plate with curvilinear motif; (b) Sacá polychrome collared bowl excavated from Zacpetén; (c) Chompoxté red-on-paste: Kuyakosvariety narrow neck jar with Ahaw glyph; (d) Ixpop polychrome collared bowl with reptilian motif excavated from Zacpetén; and (e) Ixpop polychrome tripod plate with hook motif. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zacpeten-peten-guatemala-drawing-pugh-redrawn-from-uc9daf4i.png Figure 2. Zacpetén, Petén, Guatemala. Drawing: Pugh (redrawn from Pugh 2009a:fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lines-and-designs-painted-on-the-plaster-floor-lrvdqko0.png Figure 4. Lines and designs painted on the plaster floor, Structure 764, Zacpetén. Drawing: Pugh. https://scispace.com/papers/the-conundrum-of-solving-too-big-to-fail-in-the-european-1vpph5hpij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-variable-degree-of-policy-1szdsaxh.png Table 1: Dependent Variable: Degree of Policy Suprantionalization https://scispace.com/papers/the-convergence-of-monetary-policy-between-candidate-4sltnp6t4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-base-money-for-germany-and-balkan-countries-19fa13ex.png Figure 4 Base Money for Germany and Balkan Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-short-run-dynamics-chi-square-test-statistics-for-148nim7v.png Table 3 - Short-Run Dynamics chi-square test statistics for the significance of German money growth coefficients in individual money base growth equations Panel A: EU Candidate Countries Cointegrated with Germany https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-money-base-for-germany-and-non-transition-30t61nx9.png Figure 3 Money Base for Germany and Non-Transition Candidates for Membership https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-base-money-for-germany-and-baltic-republics-6mck5qdy.png Figure 5 Base Money for Germany and Baltic Republics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-error-correction-estimates-panel-b-recent-28jskast.png Table 2 Continued: Error Correction Estimates Panel B: Recent EU Members https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-money-base-for-germany-and-recent-eu-members-xy9656ah.png Figure 2 Money Base for Germany and Recent EU Members https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-correction-estimates-panel-a-eu-candidates-2oijc8bz.png Table 2 Continued: Error Correction Estimates Panel B: Recent EU Members https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-base-money-for-germany-and-transition-economy-2ep9viao.png Figure 1 Base Money for Germany and Transition-Economy Candidates https://scispace.com/papers/the-coping-strategies-used-over-a-two-year-period-by-hiv-3bzpwancc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-scores-for-active-and-avoidant-coping-at-each-3b9la1qs.png Table 3. Mean scores for active and avoidant coping at each interview. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographics-and-health-related-3ap24uhr.png Table 1. Socio-demographics and health-related characteristics at baseline (N 224). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coping-strategy-use-at-baseline-2yjy3ww0.png Figure 1. Coping strategy use at baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cost-effectiveness-of-azithromycin-in-reducing-vop2o5yvef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-mean-costs-placebo-minus-azithromycin-19tat24x.png Table 2: Differences in mean costs (Placebo minus Azithromycin group) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-net-monetary-benefit-estimates-for-exacerbations-3lwtm0z0.png Table 3: Net monetary benefit estimates for exacerbations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-healthcare-costs-3bcxi8il.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics and healthcare costs according to treatment group 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-analyses-showing-net-monetary-benefit-61al5iyn.png Table 4: Sensitivity analyses showing net monetary benefit for moderate, severe and total exacerbations based on A) Winsorised costs B) AMR at twice upper bound cost per course, C). Utility decrement experienced over 8 weeks, and societal WTP per QALY of $64,000. D) Exclusion of censored observations. Data are mean (95%CI). https://scispace.com/papers/the-crustal-structure-of-the-western-himalayas-and-tibet-1s7enon1ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-individual-and-stacked-p-receiver-functions-and-2rxs4y04.png Figure 3. Individual and stacked P receiver functions and joint inversion results for the station DCL. Results are plotted as described in Figure 2. A p value of 0.05 is used in the inversion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-individual-and-stacked-p-receiver-functions-and-2u4fgf8j.png Figure 6. Individual and stacked P receiver functions and joint inversion results for the station NPUK. Results are plotted as described in Figure 2. A p value of 0.1 is used in the inversion. Results are plotted as described in Figure 2. The black line in Figure 6a is the a velocity model where the high and low velocities seen in the final model from the joint inversion have been replaced by a gradient between 6 and 56 km, and a low-velocity layer is included in the upper 1 km of the crust. The synthetic dispersion curve and receiver functions from this model are shown in Figures 6b and 6c as black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shear-wave-velocity-versus-depth-along-the-line-c1-ypz15hke.png Figure 5. Shear wave velocity versus depth along the line C1-C2 (28.2◦N, 76.7◦E–32.7◦N, 83.2◦E) from the joint inversion of P receiver functions and fundamental mode Rayleigh wave data. Pink circles are earthquake locations from Sloan et al. (2011), yellow circles are earthquake locations from Engdhal (2009). The white circles are Moho depths estimated from the shear velocity models for each station. The green triangles show the locations of stations. MFT, Main Frontal Thrust; MBT, Main Boundary Thrust; MCT, Main Central Thrust; STD, South Tibetan Detachment; ITZ, Indus-Zangbo Suture; KKF, Karakoram Fault; BNS, Bangong-Nijiang Suture; TH, Tethyan Himalayas. Grey regions on the cross section are where there are gaps in station coverage. The green triangles are stations, as in Figure 4c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-shear-velocity-models-for-stations-a-110-and-d-116-2o4bngzz.png Figure 9. Shear velocity models for stations (a) 110 and (d) 116 showing the contrast in Moho depth between these two stations. (b and e) The group velocity dispersion curve data and synthetics for stations 110 and 116, respectively, and (c and f) the receiver function stack used in the inversion and resulting synthetic for each station. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-region-around-the-ng-ut-y2-and-yt-arrays-2gmya0jo.png Figure 1. The region around the NG, UT, Y2 and YT arrays. Inverted triangles are stations: cyan, Y2; green, NG; and yellow, UT; magenta, YT. Red lines mark terrane boundaries: IZS, Indus-Zangbo Suture; BNS, Bangong-Nijiang Suture; JS, Jinsha Suture. Blue lines show the location of major faults: MFT, Main Frontal Thrust; MBT, Main Boundary Thrust; MCT, Main Central Thrust; KKF, Karakoram Fault; GF, Ghoza Fault; ATF, Altyn-Tagh Fault. KT marks the location of the Karakoram Terrane. The blue rectangle highlights the bottom inset region. (top inset) Red stars mark the locations of earthquakes used to construct the P receiver functions. The yellow box marks the location of the stations. The majority of events used were in the Pacific or Sumatra. Events were within the distance range 30–90◦ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contour-plot-of-moho-depth-variation-in-west-tibet-1y0v6ps9.png Figure 8. Contour plot of Moho depth variation in West Tibet determined using Moho depths estimated from the shear velocity structures resulting from the joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave data at stations shown in Figure 1, and the inversion of just surface wave data at points with 1◦ spacings from 76–85◦E, 28–39◦N. Circles are at the location of the stations in this study and are colored according to the Moho depth picked from the joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave data. The scale is the same for both the contour plot and circles. White lines are the major faults and suture lines, as shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-stacked-p-receiver-functions-along-the-line-a1-a2-2fxjnhzn.png Figure 4. (a) Stacked P receiver functions along the line A1-A2 (29.95◦N, 76.82◦E–38.15◦N, 77.29◦E). (b) Stacked P receiver functions along the line B1-B2 (31.34◦N, 80.55◦E–37.16◦N, 79.80◦E). (c) Stacked P receiver functions along the line C1-C2 (28.2◦N, 76.7◦E–32.7◦N, 83.2◦E). In each case the stacked receiver functions for stations within 75 km of the line of section are projected onto the profile. The green dashed line marks the P arrival time. Positive arrivals, filled red, are indicative of a velocity increase with depth. Topography is plotted above. The location of stations along the line of section are shown as green triangles, and the locations of stations and major faults are marked. MFT, Main Frontal Thrust; MBT, Main Boundary Thrust; MCT, Main Central Thrust; STD, South Tibetan Detachment; ITZ, Indus-Zangbo Suture; KKF, Karakoram Fault; BNS, Bangong-Nijiang Suture; GF, Ghoza Fault; JS, Jinsha Suture; ATF, Altyn-Tagh Fault; TH, Tethyan Himalayas; QT, Qiangtang Terrane; SGT, Songpang Ganze Terrane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-forward-modeling-to-test-the-location-of-velocity-2zm1vd3g.png Figure 7. Forward modeling to test the location of velocity contrasts needed to reproduce signals seen in the stacked receiver functions at WT12. The plots on the left are the velocity models. The green line is the final model resulting from the joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave data, and the black line is the model being tested. The plots to the right are the stacked receiver functions, binned as shown in Figure 2. The red lines are the original data, the green lines are the synthetic receiver functions resulting from the model from the joint inversion, and the black line is the receiver function that results from the model that is being tested. (a) A model, and corresponding receiver functions, with a large velocity change at 73 km. This model is best able to reproduce the large signal seen at 10.5 s in stack A. (b) A model, and corresponding receiver functions, with a large velocity change at 62 km. This model is best able to reproduce the large signal seen at 8.5 s in stack B. (c) A model, and corresponding receiver functions, with two velocity changes of a similar magnitude at 56 km and 80 km. This model is best able to reproduce the signals seen at 7.5 and 10.5 s in stacks D and E. https://scispace.com/papers/the-crystal-structures-of-bacillithiol-disulfide-reductase-385dpodlcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enzymatic-activity-of-ypdas-as-bssb-reductases-ypda-3ez3jzgl.png Figure 1: Enzymatic activity of YpdAs as BSSB reductases. YpdA from Bc and Sa are both able to reduce BSSB, as seen from the NADPH consumption under anaerobic conditions. The Sa YpdA G10A mutant has no enzymatic activity towards BSSB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-features-of-ypda-a-cys14-is-located-in-a-p84eoagh.png Figure 3: Structural features of YpdA. (A) Cys14 is located in a buried pocket, 7.9Å (Bc) away from the FAD isoalloxazine ring. (B) Solvent channel lined by conserved residues, generated with HOLLOW and ConSurf. (C) Potential BSSB binding sites in the HOLLOW-generated solvent channels in proximity to the FAD cofactor. (D) NADPH-bound and NADPH-free states (Sa YpdA). (E) Flexible loop involved in entry/binding of NADPH and possibly BSSB (Sa YpdA). (F) Potential gating mechanism for BSSB entry by Tyr128 in open conformation and (G) closed conformation (Sa YpdA), and (H) different stacking conformations of the NADPH nicotinamide and Phe51 in Sa YpdA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystal-structures-of-bc-and-sa-ypda-a-overall-1fb52nur.png Figure 2: Crystal structures of Bc and Sa YpdA. (A) Overall structure of the Bc YpdA tetramer, seen from two different orientations, colored by chain. (B) Monomer structure alignment of Bc and Sa YpdA, displaying the NADPH and FAD binding domains. Cofactors are represented as sticks and colored by atom type. https://scispace.com/papers/the-current-voltage-characteristics-and-partial-pressure-43pmcpah1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-current-voltage-characteristics-for-the-atomic-1vopze0s.png Figure 3. Current voltage characteristics for the atomic mechanism, calculated by Equation 33, for different oxygen partial pressures. Defect concentrations are based on the Brouwer diagram in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-oxygen-exchange-current-density-for-the-molecular-31rlc07d.png Figure 8. Oxygen exchange current density for the molecular mechanism with adsorption site restriction as a function of oxygen partial pressure, calculated by Equation 65 for Kads = 59.4 bar−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-tafel-slopes-for-the-atomic-mechanism-a-and-the-1uhbnz1r.png Figure 12. Tafel slopes for the atomic mechanism (a) and the molecular mechanism (b) as a function of partial pressure and overpotential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oxygen-exchange-current-density-for-the-atomic-3efnr4ii.png Figure 4. Oxygen exchange current density for the atomic mechanism with adsorption site restriction as a function of oxygen partial pressure, calculated by Equation 43 with Kads = 10 bar−0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-current-voltage-characteristics-for-the-molecular-wsyuqbcg.png Figure 7. Current voltage characteristics for the molecular mechanism, calculated by Equation 53, for different oxygen partial pressures. Defect concentrations are based on the Brouwer diagram in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-extended-lsf-brouwer-diagram-oxygen-vacancy-a-and-129xevve.png Figure 11. Extended LSF Brouwer diagram: Oxygen vacancy (a) and electron hole (b) concentrations as a function of partial pressure and overpotential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-partial-pressure-dependency-of-the-current-density-mbnyz6q1.png Figure 10. Partial pressure dependency of the current-density for the atomic mechanism (a) and the molecular mechanism (b) as a function of partial pressure and overpotential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-current-voltage-characteristics-for-the-atomic-v2a9accv.png Figure 5. Current voltage characteristics for the atomic mechanism with adsorption site restriction for different oxygen partial pressures and Kads of 10 bar−0.5. Defect concentrations are based on the Brouwer diagram in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cyclochlorotine-mycotoxin-is-produced-by-the-4r9chw5jma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-for-cyclochlorotine-biosynthesis-the-upper-3gw3l1nx.png Figure 5. Model for cyclochlorotine biosynthesis. The upper part proposes pathways for the nonproteinogenic amino acid building blocks. Where applicable, candidate enzymes are indicated. Synthesis of 3,4-dichloroproline most likely is achieved on a carrier protein (e.g. T domain of module 2), and two possible pathways are shown. Halogenation occurs either directly by a 2KG/Fe(II)-dependent halogenase or by a flavin-dependent halogenase via a pyrrole carboxylic acid intermediate. The proline dehydrogenase (proDH) Pisl3812_07821 is considered to initiate the latter pathway by oxidation of free proline to form 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C). Subsequent steps likely involve a P5C-carrier protein oxidase (according to Thomas et al., 2002; Mejean et al., 2010). In the lower part, NRPS domains are abbreviated as A for adenylation, T for thiolation, C for condensation and CT for terminal condensationlike domains. The T domains are post-translationally modified by phosphopantetheinylation. Release and cyclization of cyclochlorotine is mediated by the CT domain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plasmids-used-in-this-study-1smlijdr.png Table 1. Plasmids used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-of-the-cct-cluster-genes-and-production-au6v2lwc.png Figure 4. Expression of the cct cluster genes and production of selected cyclochlorotine variants. A) Mean gene expression rate (± 1 SD) relative to the β-actin coding reference gene act1 measured by qPCR in non-shaking cultures (n = 3). In the control strain (WT + pOE) expression of all cct cluster genes is shown. In the strains overexpressing the putative dehydrogenase genes (WT + pOE-cctM and WT + pOEcctT) expression of only three selected genes is shown. B) Extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of extracts from one representative culture, each (WT + pOE, WT + pOE-cctM and WT + pOE-cctT) showing no differences in mass peaks of cyclochlorotine (1), hydroxy-cyclochlorotine (2) and deoxy-cyclochlorotine (5), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-deconfinement-phase-transition-in-one-flavor-qcd-3xhktn7opa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-pseudo-critical-b-value-is-given-for-the-four-k-2o0rc42b.png Table 2: The pseudo-critical β value is given for the four κ values studied. The two-flavour results are from ref. [25] and are given for comparison. The quenched result from [3] is βc = 5.6923(4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-scaling-of-the-m-like-distribution-at-the-critical-2qjszubt.png Figure 16: Scaling of the M - like distribution at the critical point hep and βep for the three largest lattices. We have applied a scaling factor of L−0.8 to all the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-deconfinement-ratio-for-k-0-05-k-0-10-and-k-0-2o5bcabw.png Figure 6: The Deconfinement ratio for κ = 0.05, κ = 0.10 and κ = 0.12 for three lattice sizes. The dashed lines give the error band for the critical β value as determined from the maximum of the susceptibility (see Fig. 7). The asterisk denotes the quenched result for βc from ref. [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-non-perturbative-determination-of-h-by-fitting-to-49ip6lrx.png Table 3: Non - perturbative determination of h by fitting to the QCD data. The value of h listed here gave the best fit to the QCD data of the |Ω| distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-double-peak-structure-of-for-k-0-10-fitted-to-a-sum-1pkc7t8w.png Figure 5: Double peak structure of |Ω| for κ = 0.10 fitted to a sum of two gaussians, centered at the origin and at an adjustable position on the real axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-the-volume-dependence-of-the-peak-of-the-2djc36gf.png Figure 9: (a) The volume dependence of the peak of the susceptibility for κ = 0.05, κ = 0.10, κ = 0.12 and κ = 0.14. (b) The volume dependence of the peak of the susceptibility in our effective model (Section 5) for h = 0.01, h = 0.02, h = 0.025 and h = 0.05. A couple of points are slightly shifted in volume for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phase-diagram-in-the-three-states-potts-model-in-3f42pfj1.png Figure 1: Phase diagram in the three states Potts model in three dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-normalized-probability-distribution-at-the-2th3g71z.png Figure 14: Normalized probability distribution at the critical point hep = 0.009 for 24 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-deep-determinants-of-economic-development-in-china-a-1gc6mk34hc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1tklxlxe.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-institutional-quality-and-the-distance-to-shanghai-27s0wiu2.png Figure 4. Institutional quality and the distance to Shanghai/Beijing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-estimates-standardized-variables-including-human-zifwh5iv.png Table 5. OLS estimates (standardized variables) – including human capital. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-estimates-standardized-variables-2erthzgx.png Table 2. OLS estimates (standardized variables). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bivariate-ols-relationships-between-human-capital-32wokdtz.png Figure 5. Bivariate OLS relationships between human capital and per capita income. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-inter-relationships-between-institutional-quality-3bavv64w.png Table 7. Inter-relationships between institutional quality and human capital. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inter-relationships-between-institutional-quality-247l8asn.png Table 4. Inter-relationships between institutional quality and integration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2sls-estimates-standardized-variables-including-18fkz9hy.png Table 6. 2SLS estimates (standardized variables) – including human capital. https://scispace.com/papers/the-demographic-transition-and-the-sexual-division-of-labor-578951hamz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-characterization-of-first-order-conditions-29cydius.png Figure A.1: Characterization of First Order Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-united-states-life-expectancies-and-female-labor-1kyrscrm.png Figure 4: United States - Life Expectancies and Female Labor Force Participation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-great-britain-life-expectancies-and-female-labor-3covh9zb.png Figure 5: Great Britain - Life Expectancies and Female Labor Force Particpation https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-signal-of-dbf-dt-for-different-values-of-d-and-s-3qw4mipm.png Table A.1: Signal of dbf/dT for Different Values of d and σ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-united-states-life-expectancy-fertility-and-female-3fbye9f4.png Figure 1: United States - Life Expectancy, Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-great-britain-life-expectancy-fertility-and-female-20la74mb.png Figure 2: Great Britain - Life Expectancy, Fertility and Female Labor Force Particpation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regressions-for-the-fraction-of-the-labor-force-36nkae0n.png Table 1: Regressions for the Fraction of the Labor Force Composed by Women, Cross-country, 1960-2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brazil-life-expectancy-fertility-and-female-labor-3sn6vsnt.png Figure 3: Brazil - Life Expectancy, Fertility and Female Labor Force Particpation https://scispace.com/papers/the-deep-swire-field-iv-first-properties-of-the-sub-mjy-52yg8x712m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-this-works-photo-zs-with-those-2rk18hg1.png Figure 3. Comparison of this work’s photo-zs with those derived by RR08. Left panel: gray symbols show all data points while black symbols show those which in the RR08 catalog have photometry in six passbands and mag r < 24. Right panel: gray symbols show all data points while black symbols show objects with available spectroscopic redshift in either this work or RR08. See the text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-spectroscopic-and-photometric-3mcsznws.png Figure 2. Comparison of spectroscopic and photometric redshifts for more than 400 sources in the field. In the upper left and lower panels, the estimated photometric redshift is plotted against the spectroscopic redshift, separately for the three optical, NIR, and IRAC-selected catalogs (the numbers of matched sources are 402, 419, and 429, respectively). The solid line in each panel marks the bisector. Orange symbols highlight radio sources, making up about 3/4 of the spectroscopic sample. The histograms of Δz/(1 + z) for all three catalogs are plotted in the upper right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-panel-the-rest-frame-u-b-vs-b-color-magnitude-36xmzjpu.png Figure 9. Top panel: the rest-frame U − B vs. B color–magnitude diagram for objects with redshift 0.3 z 1.3. All objects are included regardless of their radio flux density and position in the VLA image. Symbols are color coded according to best-fit SED type, as indicated (same broad classes as in Figure 8). The dotted line shows the division between the red sequence and blue cloud from DEEP2 data as in Willmer et al. (2006) and Cooper et al. (2007). Bottom panels: the distribution of rest-frame color U − B for the different SED classes, in four flux-limited subsamples, as indicated (see the text for details). The dotted lines mark the U − B color of the division line at the median B magnitude of each plotted sample. In each panel, histograms for the different SED classes are color coded as in the upper figure (quiescent: horizontal, intermediate: diagonal, and star forming: vertical hatched), and the gray-shaded histogram shows the distribution of the whole subsample plotted in the panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-bottom-panels-in-the-left-panel-the-flux-ratio-qir-1xfh1rib.png Figure 14. Bottom panels: in the left panel, the flux ratio qIR is plotted against redshift for the different SED-selected subsamples (color coding as in Figure 9). Filled circles show unambiguously matched 24μm sources, filled triangles show matched 24μm sources whose flux might be contaminated by neighbors, and arrows show upper limits (see the text for details). Large orange symbols show matched X-ray sources from the Trouille et al. (2008) sample (according to the Trouille et al. 2008 spectral classification, circles, downward triangles, triangles, and squares show absorbers, star formers, high-excitation sources, and broadline AGNs, respectively). The gray-shaded area shows the 1σ range about the (redshift independent) qIR = 2.4 reported in Ivison et al. (2010). The right-hand panel shows the sky-coverage-corrected distributions of qIR for the subsamples plotted in the left panel, including upper limits (see the text for details). The histograms for the red, green, and blue samples are evaluated in the same qIR bins, but are shown slightly offset for clarity. Top panel: same as the bottom left panel, but for the observed (non-k-corrected) flux density ratio q24. The gray-shaded area shows the envelope of Chary & Elbaz (2001) and Rieke et al. (2009) templates with LIR = 1011 L and 1012 L (plus 1010 L for z 0.5). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-this-works-photo-zs-with-2zmnutjz.png Figure 4. Comparison of this work’s photo-zs with spectroscopic redshifts of 198 X-ray sources from the Trouille et al. (2008) sample. Solid symbols refer to a subsample of 71 radio detections, while empty symbols do not belong to the radio sample. The solid line is the bisector. Color coding reflects the Trouille et al. (2008) optical spectral classification as indicated (see the text for details). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-redshift-completeness-of-the-radio-sample-upper-34lqqbv2.png Figure 5. Redshift completeness of the radio sample. Upper panel: the shaded histogram shows one realization of the redshift distribution of the whole sample of identified counterparts, while the solid line shows the histogram of used redshifts (spectroscopic redshifts or reliable photo-zs). Lower panel: the fraction of available redshifts (spectroscopic redshifts or reliable photo-zs) as a function of redshift: the sample is assumed to be more than 90% complete in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 1.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-of-the-main-derived-properties-used-in-this-1sjlg9gv.png Table 2 Some of the Main Derived Properties used in this Work https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-4-ghz-luminosity-plotted-against-redshift-for-2x84xddu.png Figure 8. 1.4 GHz luminosity plotted against redshift for objects with redshift between 0.3 and 1.3. Gray points in all panels show all data points while colored symbols show objects whose photometry was best-fitted by SEDs of different types, as indicated in each panel. In each panel, connected small squares show the (sky-coverage-corrected) interquartile range of the L1.4 GHz distribution as a function of redshift for the relevant SED-selected subsample. https://scispace.com/papers/the-desert-fayum-reinvestigated-the-evidence-considered-3in96jg96i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-10-k1-tool-type-frequency-by-flake-class-2a78axio.png Table 5.10. K1 Tool Type Frequency by Flake Class. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-27-pit-75-in-trench-ukp07-363lwkbe.png Figure 5.27. Pit 75 in Trench UKP07. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-mean-k1-oriented-core-dimensions-in-comparison-1mdawwoc.png Figure 5.10. Mean K1 oriented core dimensions in comparison to the E29H1 and L1 assemblages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-7-k1-ratio-of-mean-core-axis-oriented-dimensions-for-bp730zhn.png Table 5.7. K1 Ratio of Mean Core Axis Oriented Dimensions for Core Types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-5-ceramic-density-m2-in-transects-from-all-areas-1v5jyabe.png Figure 7.5. Ceramic density (m2) in transects from all areas with corridors and survey areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-calibrated-radiocarbon-determinations-from-e29h1-2nclpdx6.png Figure 4.9. Calibrated radiocarbon determinations from E29H1 plotted against the IntCal13 atmospheric data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-37-feature-79-in-trench-ukp31-qqdqqt0x.png Figure 5.37. Feature 79 in Trench UKP31. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-15-mean-complete-flake-platform-thickness-against-ii6olq9e.png Figure 6.15. Mean complete flake platform thickness against mean exterior platform angle. Green icon: Kom K surface and excavated assemblage; red icon: K1 assemblage; yellow icons: L1 and XB11 assemblages; blue icons: E29H1 assemblages. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-operation-of-distribution-centres-within-1xplblp49v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-responses-by-agility-type-and-competency-2aod0jw4.png Table 8 Summary of responses by agility type and competency level (number of business units) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hierarchical-framework-for-examining-distribution-16u7jnht.png Fig. 1 Hierarchical framework for examining distribution centre competencies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-methods-used-to-respond-to-seasonal-peaks-16bzyola.png Table 4 Methods used to respond to seasonal peaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-methods-used-to-respond-to-growth-ncihtmzt.png Table 3 Methods used to respond to growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-methods-used-to-respond-to-promotions-15vfzirr.png Table 5 Methods used to respond to promotions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-methods-used-to-respond-to-demand-variance-2mxjeroo.png Table 6 Methods used to respond to demand variance https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-methods-used-to-respond-to-quantity-variance-1n9gas5t.png Table 7 Methods used to respond to quantity variance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-supply-chain-management-interviews-fwjg67lf.png Table 2 Results of supply chain management interviews https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-performance-of-static-var-compensators-for-dabn7rk1qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-maximal-configuration-for-standardized-svc-with-35-1k88xnaw.png Table II: Maximal configuration for standardized SVC with 35 Mvar https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-minimal-configuration-for-standardized-svc-with-20-2y74znge.png Table I: Minimal configuration for standardized SVC with 20 Mvar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-filter-reactor-design-2dlef6x9.png Fig. 3: Filter reactor design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnitude-impedance-diagram-for-the-35-mvar-harmonic-2sl09t0u.png Fig. 4: Magnitude impedance diagram for the 35 Mvar harmonic filter topology (figure 2 and table II) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-svc-currents-a-currents-of-harmonic-filters-1looinfh.png Fig. 8: Simulated SVC currents (a) Currents of harmonic filters, TCR and complete SVC, (b) Current in the TCR reactors (delta) during one entire load cycle, (c) Zoom of TCR current for different time windows during the cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrical-network-for-cerns-psb-accelerator-6vevncrw.png Fig. 1: Electrical network for CERN’s PSB accelerator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-harmonic-performance-of-the-standardized-harmonic-2f33b3mk.png Fig. 5: Harmonic performance of the standardized harmonic filter design (35 Mvar configuration) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-tcr-control-system-for-particle-accelerators-1zuedz9h.png Fig. 6: Typical TCR control system for particle accelerators https://scispace.com/papers/the-designers-workbench-using-ontologies-and-constraints-for-2ah24i98nu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-designers-workbench-3ti3c2f0.png Figure 4: The Designers’ Workbench https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-closeups-of-the-designers-workbench-panels-the-10cdljo3.png Figure 5: Closeups of the Designers’ Workbench panels: the feature ontology (left), and properties of selected feature (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-class-hierarchy-of-a-simple-configuration-21xa4h5r.png Figure 1: The class hierarchy of a simple configuration ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-configuration-using-the-ontology-1rb8ftlp.png Figure 3: A configuration using the ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-bolted-joint-image-from-french-vierck-and-foster-13bi5edw.png Figure 2: A bolted joint [image from French, Vierck and Foster, “Engineering Drawing and Graphics Technology”, McGraw-Hill Inc.] https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-performance-of-the-zeus-micro-vertex-detector-4hscnli95q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-the-silicon-sensors-all-dimensions-2tg5l3t0.png Fig. 1. Cross section of the silicon sensors. All dimensions are in µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-section-of-the-layout-of-the-silicon-sensors-in-2vqot7rk.png Fig. 8. Cross section of the layout of the silicon sensors in the barrel MVD. The direction in which protons travel points out. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-layout-of-the-mvd-along-the-beamaxis-protons-go-from-ulx35hso.png Fig. 7. Layout of the MVD along the beamaxis; protons go from right to left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-39-reconstructed-mass-of-d-candidates-244pte0l.png Fig. 39. Reconstructed mass of D+ candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-number-of-flagged-channels-of-the-zeus-mvd-as-a-2z1ahx3i.png Fig. 24. Number of flagged channels of the ZEUS MVD as a function of the run number. The run range spans the period from November 2002 to May 2006. The dashed horizontal line corresponds to approximately 5 % dead channels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-signal-in-adc-counts-for-the-zeus-mvd-the-fit-shown-1vq1tfk5.png Fig. 25. Signal in ADC counts for the ZEUS MVD. The fit shown is a Landau distribution folded with a Gaussian. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-sketch-of-the-layout-of-a-half-wheel-with-sensors-3r05mv3m.png Fig. 16. Sketch of the layout of a half wheel with sensors, hybrids and support structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistics-on-the-components-for-the-forward-1kwe712g.png Table 4 Statistics on the components for the forward detector. https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-total-it-outsourcing-an-empirical-x6gdtic2t5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-the-logistic-regression-3vxs0v7j.png Table 3: Results from the logistic regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-surveyed-firms-across-sectors-n-160-h5eny1i4.png Table 1: Distribution of surveyed firms across sectors (N=160) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-among-1pgxajze.png Table 2: Means, standard deviations, and correlations among variables (N=72) https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-an-interpretive-experience-to-foster-2kb222odzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overall-satisfaction-with-the-turtle-watching-2s73s5h2.png Figure 6. Overall satisfaction with the turtle-watching experience. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-place-of-residence-for-respondents-8c5j36iy.png Table 3 Place of Residence for Respondents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-jurabi-coastal-park-adapted-from-2rvhgbz6.png Figure 1. Location of the Jurabi Coastal Park. Adapted from Shire of Exmouth & Department of Conservation and Land Management (1999, p. 14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-jurabi-turtle-centre-exmouth-photo-by-david-2enbsi80.png Figure 3. The Jurabi Turtle Centre, Exmouth (photo by David Newsome). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sign-installed-at-beach-access-areas-in-the-jurabi-1rbnf9fg.png Figure 2. Sign installed at beach access areas in the Jurabi Coastal Park (photo by David Newsome). https://scispace.com/papers/the-determination-of-finger-flexor-critical-force-in-rock-5016015qy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bland-altman-plots-of-the-relationship-a-c-and-mjqymw2a.png Figure 4: Bland-Altman plots of the relationship (a & c) and limits of agreement (b & d) between the multi-session and single session three parameter critical force protocols for CF (a & b) and W’ (c & d). In graphs (b) and (d), the solid horizontal line represents the mean difference between tests and the dashed lines represent upper and lower 95% limits of agreement (LoA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustrating-the-relationship-between-the-3qran15o.png Figure 5: Illustrating the relationship between the percentages of MVC that CF occurs at and 40% of MVC. Circles indicate where 40% of subjects MVC would represent a load more than 10% greater than or less than CF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-the-hyperbolic-relationship-between-361udvb8.png Figure 3: An example of the hyperbolic relationship between the force and time to task failure (A), and the critical force (CF) and the curvature constant (W’) estimates from the linear work– time (B) and the 1/time (C) CF models, of a representative subject. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-arm-isometric-finger-flexor-strength-and-28fduedu.png Table 1: Two-arm isometric finger flexor strength and parameters of the force–duration relationship derived from the three parameter multi-session test using the work time model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-power-or-force-time-3et2ij86.png Figure 1: Illustration of the power or force-time relationship for high intensity exercise. The numbered points (1 – 3) represent time-to-exhaustion for independent tests at the power or force designated for each. The hyperbolic relationship is defined by two parameters: the asymptote for power or force (critical power - CP, critical force - CF) and the curvature constant Wʹ (represented by the rectangular boxes above CP/CF and expressed in kJ or N·s, respectively). The CP/CF defines the upper boundary of the heavy intensity domain and represents the highest power sustainable without drawing continuously upon Wʹ. Severeintensity exercise, above CP/CF, results in exhaustion when Wʹ has been expended. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-half-crimp-position-90deg-flexion-at-the-proximal-561jodmg.png Figure 2: (a) ‘half crimp’ position, 90° flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) with the thumb not engaged in the grip; (b) climber performing two-handed hang on lattice rung, with slight bend in arms and engaged shoulders with additional weight; and (c) with assistance [Note: pulley and weight were located directly in front of the subject, this is not shown in the illustration]. Illustrations reproduced with permission from Lattice Training Images. https://scispace.com/papers/the-development-of-a-multidimensional-scale-to-evaluate-17qsla6qud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-for-the-inter-correlations-between-the-latent-286rlumc.png Table 4 Values for the inter-correlations between the latent variables (Pearson’s r) describing vehicle dynamic qualities https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-short-definitions-of-the-vehicle-dynamic-qualities-2q44xd7t.png Table 6 Short definitions of the vehicle dynamic qualities dimensions used in the motor vehicle dynamic qualities rating scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-post-varimax-rotation-principal-components-solution-13c012rb.png Table 1 Post Varimax rotation principal components solution (using Kaiser’s criterion for component extraction) to describe the underlying dimensions of vehicle dynamic qualities. Items are presented in order of magnitude of loading with the principal component and for clarity, items with a loading below 0.45 have been omitted from the table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-cfa-factor-structure-to-describe-vehicle-3l48i00g.png Figure 1 Final CFA factor structure to describe vehicle dynamic qualities. The numbers above the straight arrows represent the standardised regression weights between the latent variable and the indicator variables. Values for the inter-correlations between the latent variables can be found in table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principal-component-extraction-summary-statistics-1bu48pbz.png Table 2 Principal component extraction summary statistics for analysis extracting the underlying dimensions of vehicle dynamic qualities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cronbachs-alpha-values-for-the-internal-consistency-xa077hjp.png Table 5 Cronbach’s Alpha values for the internal consistency (reliability) of the latent variables describing vehicle dynamic qualities https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-two-leading-medium-sized-cars-in-terms-13dqmif6.png Table 9 Comparison of two leading medium sized cars in terms of their rated dynamic qualities. Note: low figures, on a range of 1-5, indicate superior dynamic behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-two-leading-small-hatchbacks-in-terms-3dodlnnm.png Table 8 Comparison of two leading small hatchbacks in terms of their rated dynamic qualities. Note: low figures, on a range of 1-5, indicate superior dynamic behaviour. https://scispace.com/papers/the-difference-between-cycloplegic-and-non-cycloplegic-s7ioylo0rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-distribution-proportion-of-refractive-status-as-a-k67iq9k5.png Figure 1b Distribution (proportion, %) of refractive status as a function of myopia at each examination year. Non-myopia: i.g. emmetropia or hyperopia, both non-cycloplegic refraction and cycloplegic refraction ≥- 0.50D; pseudomyopia: non-cycloplegic refraction < -0.50D and cycloplegic refraction ≥-0.50D; true myopia: both non-cycloplegic refraction and cycloplegic refraction <-0.50D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-difference-between-cycloplegic-and-non-5vl4ykge.png Table 3 The difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction spherical equivalent (dioptres) at each follow up assessment for the different refractive states https://scispace.com/figures/table-4multivariate-analysis-of-the-associations-with-the-3l1c4zae.png Table 4Multivariate analysis of the associations with the children’s three-year refractive change among myopic children (n=135) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-risk-rr-and-95-confidence-interval-ci-for-2lwqjj0a.png Table 5 Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the children with newly developed myopia (n=84) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-children-in-the-16e2x0gq.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the children in the presentstudy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-distribution-proportion-of-refractive-status-as-a-15o17ycu.png Figure 1b Distribution (proportion, %) of refractive status as a function of myopia at each examination year. Non-myopia: i.g. emmetropia or hyperopia, both non-cycloplegic refraction and cycloplegic refraction ≥- 0.50D; pseudomyopia: non-cycloplegic refraction < -0.50D and cycloplegic refraction ≥-0.50D; true myopia: both non-cycloplegic refraction and cycloplegic refraction <-0.50D. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-putative-risk-factors-for-baseline-difference-1rwkl9fy.png Table 2 Putative risk factors for baseline difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction spherical equivalent https://scispace.com/papers/the-distinctive-tectonic-and-metamorphic-history-of-the-4ets0aii36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-eu73nom8.png Fig. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-total-alkali-vs-silica-tas-diagram-for-the-rocks-30t779ev.png Figure 4.a. Total Alkali vs Silica (TAS) diagram for the rocks from the Barru Block. Figure 4.b. The AFM ternary diagram of rocks from the Barru Block. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineral-assemblages-of-metamorphic-and-related-rocks-mxce3n83.png Table 1. Mineral assemblages of metamorphic and related rocks from Barru Block. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rb-sr-isochron-diagram-for-samples-from-barru-block-2wtqcsgx.png Figure 7. Rb-Sr isochron diagram for samples from Barru Block. Ph = Phengite, Fsp = https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-representative-microprobe-analyses-of-mica-minerals-av91vnt1.png Table 4. Representative microprobe analyses of mica minerals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-representative-microprobe-analyses-of-garnet-from-pawkol51.png Table 2. Representative microprobe analyses of garnet from the Barru Block. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-rb-sr-isotope-data-of-the-investigated-samples-from-1tzfmpiw.png Table 10. Rb-Sr isotope data of the investigated samples from the Barru Block https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-mafic-to-felsic-meta-igneous-rocks-of-the-barru-2i0g3rqh.png Table 11. Mafic to felsic meta-igneous rocks of the Barru Block, classified by protolith reconstructed from trace element data, bulk composition and metamorphic grade. https://scispace.com/papers/the-distributional-impact-of-structural-reforms-uzsl7retee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-policy-synergies-and-trade-offs-between-growth-and-ut2fd0pk.png Table 3. Policy synergies and trade-offs between growth and equity: illustrative reform scenarios (one standard deviation change in policy) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effects-of-a-reduction-in-excess-coverage-of-1mpn3joa.png Figure 11. Effects of a reduction in excess coverage of collective agreements on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effects-of-a-reduction-in-union-density-on-29tek2ye.png Figure 10. Effects of a reduction in union density on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effects-of-an-increase-in-almp-spending-on-38h9qf0z.png Figure 6. Effects of an increase in ALMP spending on unemployed on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-effects-of-a-tax-revenue-neutral-reduction-in-the-2zzc7ucw.png Figure 15. Effects of a tax revenue-neutral reduction in the labour tax wedge for one-earner couples on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-effects-of-a-reduction-in-the-labour-tax-wedge-for-1u533puj.png Figure 14. Effects of a reduction in the labour tax wedge for one-earner couples on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-an-increase-in-the-legal-pension-age-on-3vz4fat4.png Figure 7. Effects of an increase in the legal pension age on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-effects-of-an-increase-in-value-added-of-finance-17waabj3.png Figure 20. Effects of an increase in value added of finance on household disposable incomes https://scispace.com/papers/the-distribution-of-galois-orbits-of-points-of-small-height-4aamcjm8z0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-local-roof-functions-in-example-6-1-18nlqofm.png Figure 1. Local roof functions in Example 6.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-roof-functions-in-example-6-2-2jbx1qv8.png Figure 3. Local roof functions in Example 6.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inverse-images-by-r-of-the-sets-ev0-ev-and-ew-for-1za9fwpd.png Figure 4. Inverse images by R of the sets Ev0 , Ev and Ew for v0, v and w = v,v0 Archimedean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-roof-functions-in-example-6-2-2f0nhw4k.png Figure 2. Local roof functions in Example 6.2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-disulphide-mapping-folding-and-characterisation-of-53odxqwjnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cd-spectra-in-the-far-uv-region-of-ber-e-1-w-31rqcfqd.png Figure 5. CD spectra in the far UV region of Ber e 1 (W), recombinant Ber e 1 (X) and recombinant SFA-8 (inset) at pH 6.8 and 25 8C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cd-spectra-of-recombinant-ber-e-1-under-various-2xidgct0.png Figure 6. CD spectra of recombinant Ber e 1 under various conditions in 10 mM glycine buffer pH 2.2. (X) 25 8C upon heating; (O) 95 8C; (W) 25 8C upon cooling; and (A) 6 M guanidinium chloride. The CD spectra of the native Ber e 1 are similar to the recombinant protein under the same conditions and are not shown for clarity. Insets: heat induced unfolding transition of Ber e 1 (W) and rBer e 1 (O) followed by far UV CD measurements at 222 nm. The dotted lines represent the slope of the pre-transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expressed-sequences-expressed-2-s-albumin-sequences-xeugayfe.png Figure 1. Expressed sequences. Expressed 2 S albumin sequences showing: mature expressed protein (capital letters), S. cerevisae a-mating factor peptide (italic lower case), Kex2 processing site (bold italic lower case), nonsecreted peptide (italic lower case underlined), main (P) and secondary (L) proteolytic processing sites, experimentally determined N-terminal sequence (underlined) and amino acids not present on the mature plant native protein (italic capital). The serine residue underlined by p was mutated to methionine in the construct S- . M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-molecular-modelling-of-ber-e-1-protein-a-sequence-2js8o2ge.png Figure 8. Molecular modelling of Ber e 1 protein. (a) Sequence alignment between 1PNB and Ber e 1 demonstrating the absolute and conservative (þ ) amino acid identities. (b) Ribbon representation of the backbone of the model Ber e 1 structure. The disulphide bonds are represented as broken lines. Picture produced using MidasPlus (UCSF Computer Graphics Laboratory). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-disulphide-mapping-of-the-recombinant-ber-e-1-3ix1dhxv.png Figure 7. Disulphide mapping of the recombinant Ber e 1 protein. Derived monoisotopic mass (M þ ) is shown between brackets. In bold and outlined are the products determined by cyanogen bromide cleavage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sds-page-western-blot-recombinant-ber-e-1-j24gndi8.png Figure 2. SDS-PAGE-Western blot. Recombinant Ber e 1, recombinant SFA8 and the product of Kex-SFA8-construct protein expression, in which the Kex2 site was mutated, separated by SDS-PAGE and developed using specific rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-native Ber e 1 or anti-native SFA8 protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-q-tof-mass-spectra-of-sunflower-2-s-albumin-8-sfa8-2duij9lw.png Figure 3. Q-TOF mass spectra of sunflower 2 S albumin 8 (SFA8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maldi-tof-mass-spectra-of-the-recombinant-brazil-vq3bk3gj.png Figure 4. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the recombinant brazil nut 2 S albumin (Ber e 1). https://scispace.com/papers/the-downstream-consequences-of-misdemeanor-pretrial-43qvs7scsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-distribution-of-bail-assessments-by-day-of-week-3de05nmh.png Figure A.2 Distribution of Bail Assessments by Day of Week of Hearing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-new-felony-charges-by-pretrial-release-status-3ilwu1vc.png Figure 9 New Felony Charges by Pretrial Release Status During the First Eighteen Months After the Bail Hearing https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-characteristics-of-defendants-by-day-of-bail-384rt48a.png Table 6 Average Characteristics of Defendants by Day of Bail Hearing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-wealth-and-detention-rates-20em09yq.png Figure 2 Relationship Between Wealth and Detention Rates Among Misdemeanor Defendants with No Prior Criminal Record in Harris County, Texas https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-numeric-results-for-felony-recidivism-analysis-2op2v0fd.png Table A.2 Numeric Results for Felony Recidivism Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-wealth-and-detention-rates-1e37vsxh.png Figure 1 Relationship Between Wealth and Detention Rates Among Misdemeanor Defendants in Harris County, Texas https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-estimates-of-the-effect-of-pretrial-3u9kpcfy.png Table 3 Regression Estimates of the Effect of Pretrial Detention on Other Case Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-new-misdemeanor-charges-by-pretrial-release-status-1gdyxdj2.png Figure 6 New Misdemeanor Charges by Pretrial Release Status During the First Thirty Days After the Bail Hearing https://scispace.com/papers/the-domain-decomposition-method-of-bank-and-jimack-as-an-22ip17n6tf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-convergence-of-the-method-of-bank-jimack-using-n-2a9q0pxs.png Figure 4.5: convergence of the method of Bank-Jimack using N = 128 gridpoints on the global fine mesh and various number of gridpoints on the coarse regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16-stretched-coarse-mesh-with-2-points-22ulo6ty.png Figure 5.16: Stretched coarse mesh with 2 points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-global-fine-mesh-and-two-partially-uniform-coarse-2vs0bwei.png Figure 5.7: Global fine mesh, and two partially uniform coarse meshes with 3 mesh points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-12-1-versus-l-for-a-stretched-coarse-mesh-with-3-3aahfxhe.png Figure 7.12: 1 ⇢ versus L for a stretched coarse mesh with 3 points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-13-the-frequencies-h11-and-h-2-1-versus-l-2m9kp033.png Figure 7.13: The frequencies h11 and h 2 1 versus L. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-4-behavior-of-frequencies-1-and-2-corresponding-to-3if41y9r.png Table 7.4: Behavior of frequencies ⌘1 and ⌘2 corresponding to the ⇢ for a stretched partially coarse mesh with 3 mesh points for di↵erent amounts of L. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-23-non-uniform-partially-coarse-mesh-with-3-mesh-1meoesii.png Figure 5.23: Non-uniform partially coarse mesh with 3 mesh points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-26-coarse-mesh-sizes-h11-and-h-2-1-versus-l-1txh151g.png Figure 5.26: Coarse mesh sizes h11 and h 2 1 versus L. https://scispace.com/papers/the-drosophila-embryo-at-single-cell-transcriptome-38gd9927yo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-prediction-accuracy-and-detection-of-new-regulators-2mgo3e8x.png Figure 5: Prediction accuracy and detection of new regulators. (A) vISH predictions are accurate across a wide variety of expression patterns. Expression of CGs had not been reported previously. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sequenced-cells-cluster-by-spatial-identity-a-2d-t-x4z73v62.png Figure 3: Sequenced cells cluster by spatial identity. (A) 2D t-SNE representation of the high quality cells shows 9 major clusters grouped by transcriptome similarity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-duality-between-a-non-hermitian-two-state-quantum-system-51az9z74sy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-examples-of-trajectories-of-a-mlc-particle-24h2ttzq.png Figure 1. Three examples of trajectories of a MLC particle with charge q = 1, in a constant crossed pseudo-electromagnetic field. The dashed red circle is the Hermitian case E = (0, 0, 0) ; cB = (0, 0, 29/21) ; the blue continuous curve is the non-Hermitian case E = (20/21, 0, 0) ; cB = (0, 0, 29/21) ; the green dashed curve is the exceptional point E = (29/21, 0, 0) ; cB = (0, 0, 29/21). In all three cases, the initial conditions are: x(0) = (0, 0, 0) ; v(0)/c = (1, 0, 0). Unlike for a massive particle, the MLC particle trajectory experiences a drift along the y-axis in the case of the non-vanishing pseudo-electric field E along the x-direction, because the acceleration generated by E is perpendicular to this field. The polarization state of the corresponding optical system, here an electromagnetic plane wave subject to Faraday effect in a dichroic medium, is the direction of the particle velocity: (S1, S2) = (vx/c, vy/c) (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-inequality-in-a-newly-settled-pre-industrial-1gv18x88oa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-slave-ownership-for-the-farming-2ehqdagm.png Figure 1 Distribution of slave ownership for the farming population - various years (plotted on a log scale) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-total-number-of-slaves-owned-by-free-1f0fvpl4.png Table 3 Distribution of Total Number of Slaves owned by free settlers - by Sample (Large Figures are means, Standard deviations in Italics, with sample size in cell below. Data is not weighted by household size.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-inequality-trends-using-indeces-2a94ute5.png Figure 4 Comparison of inequality trends using indeces including and excluding slaves as assetless households https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-19i7ez37.png Table 2b https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pca-weights-for-core-1-2tq9z466.png Table 1 PCA Weights for "Core 1" https://scispace.com/papers/the-ecological-importance-of-severe-wildfires-some-like-it-337jyg81gz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-probability-of-detecting-a-black-backed-woodpecker-3k6h8bhh.png FIG. 4. The probability of detecting a Black-backed Woodpecker decreases incrementally with intensity (see Methods) of both (a) recent pre-fire (v2 ¼ 31.5, df ¼ 2, P , 0.0001) and (b) recent postfire (v2 ¼ 5.49, df ¼ 2, P ¼ 0.06) timber harvesting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locations-of-u-s-forest-service-northern-region-land-25jayfu1.png FIG. 1. Locations of U.S. Forest Service Northern Region land bird monitoring points and the more recent (after 2003) fire research points used for determining the pattern of Black-backed Woodpecker occurrence across vegetation types in northern Idaho and western Montana, USA. Also shown (in gray) are the 1988–2003 fires that were visited to obtain bird occurrence data within burned forests. https://scispace.com/papers/the-econometrics-of-dsge-models-c6a27bvfxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-priors-1w9aunnm.png Table 1: Priors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-estimated-parameters-5-and-95-per-in-2z0l93m5.png Table 3: Median Estimated Parameters (5 and 95 per. in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-posterior-distribution-smets-wouters-priors-cgltfp5d.png Figure 1: Posterior Distribution, Smets-Wouters Priors https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-impact-of-two-diagnostic-strategies-in-the-2rrzno0ol7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9qlt8b7f.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-a-periodic-absorptive-strip-arrangement-on-an-3rwi50mz3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-acoustic-potential-energy-density-levelel-1pnniunk.png FIG. 4. Normalized acoustic potential energy density levelEL variation as the function of bothà andL whend50.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-acoustic-potential-energy-density-levelel-3hp3ti0n.png FIG. 5. Normalized acoustic potential energy density levelEL variation as the function of bothà andL whend51. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-parallelepiped-enclosure-of-an-infinite-length-in-294dze6x.png FIG. 1. A parallelepiped enclosure of an infinite length in thez direction. On the plane aty50, absorptive strips of infinite length and widthD/2 are arranged periodically. The arrangement period is defined asD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-acoustic-potential-energy-density-levelel-ilw3t79w.png FIG. 6. Normalized acoustic potential energy density levelEL variation as the function of bothà andL whend510. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-acoustic-potential-energy-density-levelel-2frz0q3n.png FIG. 7. Normalized acoustic potential energy density levelEL variation as the function of bothà andL whend5100. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-carbohydrate-ingestion-on-the-motor-skill-4va379zcn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-means-and-standard-deviations-of-the-heart-2tuvkrww.png Figure 2- The means and standard deviations of the heart rates recorded for 6players during the two matches (pooled data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effect-of-ingesting-either-a-glucose-polymer-1qhevh7p.png Figure 1- The effect of ingesting either a glucose-polymer solution or placebo on the motor skill proficiency of soccer players. The top panel indicates the number of successful passes and ball controls each half, while the bottom panel shows the number of successful tackles, headers, dribbles, and shots. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-compiler-optimizations-on-pentium-4-power-4fmjdj87tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-power-measurement-platform-3ozp6014.png Figure 1. Power measurement platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-percentage-reduction-for-individual-3pzwf6ep.png Figure 5. Average percentage reduction for individual compiler optimizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-total-energy-usage-3e1cemks.png Figure 2. Normalized total energy usage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-processor-power-3r2tdjgp.png Figure 4. Average processor power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-retired-micro-op-count-2kietxtf.png Figure 3. Retired micro-op count https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percent-reduction-when-optimization-is-enabled-3o2bbnoj.png Table 1. Percent reduction when optimization is enabled. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-electrothermal-nonuniformities-on-parallel-rotny4biuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-b-measured-drain-source-current-turn-off-transients-1uh44289.png Fig. 8(b). Measured drain-source current turn-off transients for parallel connected DUTs under clamped inductive switching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-measured-drain-source-current-turn-on-transients-for-1lcr71u6.png Fig. 8(b). Measured drain-source current turn-off transients for parallel connected DUTs under clamped inductive switching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-measured-junction-temperatures-of-the-parallel-1fkr0ttm.png Fig. 9. The measured junction temperatures of the parallel connected DUTs under clamped inductive switching with different switching rates. The RG of DUT2 is held constant at 10 Ω and RG of DUT1 is varied. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-faster-engine-response-on-the-lateral-3coz5wm8y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-airframe-stabilization-at-approach-1000-ft-mach-0-2e5couol.png Figure 3.—Airframe stabilization at approach (1,000 ft, Mach 0.221, gear deployed, full flaps) with vertical stabilizer damage (C2) with nominal engines (blue) and enhanced engines (red) under a 1 s disturbance of 7.2 deg/s to yaw rate and –0.72 deg/s to roll rate injected at 20 s. The ∆PLA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-airframe-response-to-a-turn-command-during-approach-52p2yghs.png Figure 7.—Airframe response to a turn command during approach (1,000 ft, Mach 0.221, gear deployed, full flaps) with an undamaged airframe with nominal engines and stuck rudder (blue), enhanced engines and stuck rudder (red), and rudder only control (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-airframe-response-to-a-turn-command-at-20-s-during-e6nm975j.png Figure 6.—Airframe response to a turn command at 20 s during approach (1,000 ft, Mach 0.221, gear deployed, full flaps) with vertical stabilizer damage (C2) with nominal engines (blue) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-airframe-stabilization-at-approach-1000-ft-mach-0-13aikr65.png Figure 5.—Airframe stabilization at approach (1,000 ft, Mach 0.221, gear deployed, full flaps) with vertical stabilizer damage (C2) and nominal engines under a 0.1 s disturbance of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-response-of-a-nominal-engine-blue-and-1cmf426c.png Figure 1.—Comparison of response of a nominal engine (blue) and enhanced engine (red) to a full throttle range step input at 15 s. Plot (a) is taken at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-airframe-stabilization-at-cruise-30000-ft-mach-0-8-154c1ngf.png Figure 4.—Airframe stabilization at cruise (30,000 ft, Mach 0.8) with vertical stabilizer damage (C2) with nominal engines (blue) and enhanced engines (red) under a 1 s disturbance of 8.6 deg/s in yaw rate and –2.9 deg/s in roll rate injected at 20 s. Note: Some data is truncated to show the dynamics of the response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-feedback-from-yaw-rate-to-differential-throttle-zjfl0pjw.png Figure 2.—Feedback from yaw rate to differential throttle commands. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-environment-on-type-ia-supernovae-in-the-dark-8wspv26ae4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-the-distributions-of-redshift-z-sn-19cfutlv.png Figure 4. Histograms of the distributions of redshift (z), SN stretch (x1), SN colour (c), host Mstellar, local rest-frame U − R colour (in a 4 kpc aperture radius), and local U − R colour uncertainty (σ local(U−R) < 1). The blue-shaded histogram represents the entire DES3YR cosmology sample, and the red histogram is after cuts in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlations-between-sn-stretch-x1-left-hand-column-2byom1t4.png Figure 6. Correlations between SN stretch (x1, left-hand column) and colour (c, right-hand column) as a function of global Mstellar (first row), local Mstellar within a 4 kpc radius aperture (second row), global U − R (third row) and local U − R (fourth row). Bins are split at the median of the sample, with weighted mean values shown as crosses, x-axis bin-mean error bars showing the dispersion divided by the square root of the number of objects in the bin, and least squares linear fits of the data shown as dashed lines to aid the eye. Corresponding rms values can be found in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seeing-optimized-image-stack-parameters-3mx7b6dr.png Table 1. Seeing-optimized image stack parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-as-table-4-but-for-a-5d-bias-correction-1zi3gwra.png Table 5. As Table 4, but for a 5D bias correction. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-genotype-and-year-on-traits-of-performance-37eucr0lx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-genotype-and-year-on-intensity-of-10vf8w37.png Table 1. The effect of genotype and year on intensity of growth and back fat thickness (LSM±S.E.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-genotype-and-year-on-mld-depth-and-2o446huy.png Table 3. The effect of genotype and year on MLD depth and share of meat (LSM±S.E.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-freight-transport-time-changes-on-the-4tcdj152p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-of-the-model-base-case-1sfuwo4z.png Table 1. Parameter settings of the model (Base Case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-results-for-a-change-in-souring-wozijdtx.png Figure 3. Simulation Results for a Change in Souring Transportation Time (STT) and Delivery Transport Time (DTT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scenarios-result-of-fttc-and-company-reaction-1w8z76md.png Table 3. Scenarios Result of FTTC and Company Reaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analtical-model-structure-33sevt48.png Figure 2. Analtical model structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-policy-structure-of-a-manufacturer-22pvb3ge.png Figure 1. The policy structure of a manufacturer https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scenarios-of-fttc-and-company-reaction-3si2ab4a.png Table 2. Scenarios of FTTC and Company Reaction https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-groove-texture-patterns-on-piston-ring-pack-558oqqx444 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-honing-angle-on-friction-coefficient-edfd3zez.png Fig. 8. Effect of honing angle on friction coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-honed-surface-with-different-honing-angles-a-38zb6qba.png Fig. 7. Simulated honed surface with different honing angles: (a) 20◦ , (b) 50◦ , (c) 120◦ and, (d) 160◦ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-balanced-grooves-conform-surface-and-b-unbalanced-302df67w.png Fig. 11. (a) Balanced grooves (conform surface) and (b) unbalanced grooves (not conform surface). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-friction-coefficient-vs-groove-density-1mbyz6li.png Fig. 10. Friction coefficient vs groove density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-friction-coefficient-vs-groove-width-for-contact-speed-2w1t5hmm.png Fig. 9. Friction coefficient vs groove width for contact speed of 20ms−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plateau-honed-surface-of-thermal-engine-cylinder-qhxur8o7.png Fig. 1. Plateau honed surface of thermal engine cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-separation-field-between-a-smooth-surface-and-a-sdloupul.png Fig. 2. The separation field between a smooth surface and a rough one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-honing-textures-presenting-an-interrupted-groove-1gat95gv.png Fig. 14. Honing textures presenting an interrupted groove. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-heterogeneity-on-financial-contagion-due-to-32g0xliw4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-heterogeneous-bipartite-financial-network-banks-13n712u7.png Figure 1: A Heterogeneous bipartite financial network. Banks are depicted in red circles while assets are shown in blue. The links of the banks follows a power law distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-banks-initial-balance-sheet-structure-the-2o29papt.png Figure 2: A typical bank’s initial balance sheet structure. The bank holds a fixed amount of its asset in the form of cash and the value is assumed to remain fixed throughout the simulation for the purpose of simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-contagion-probability-as-a-function-of-ub-when-2g2ba0yj.png Figure 5: Contagion probability as a function of µb when banks have heterogeneous degrees. Blue squares: contagion probability when a random bank fails. Green diamonds: contagion probability when shocks are targeted at the most specialised banks. Red circles: contagion probability when shocks are targeted at only the most diversified banks. The region where contagion occurs is widest when specialised banks are targeted. Result refer to 1000 simulations for N = M = 1000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-panel-contagion-probability-as-a-function-of-1424iu8v.png Figure 6: Left Panel: Contagion probability as a function of µa for homogeneous and heterogeneous distributions of asset concentrations. Blue squares: system with homogeneous asset concentrations. Red circles: system with heterogeneous asset concentrations. A random bank fails in both cases. Introducing heterogeneity into the distribution of asset concentrations results in a more robust system. Right Panel: Targeted shocks on a system with heterogeneous asset concentrations. Targeting concentrated assets amplifies contagion probability. Result refer to 1000 simulations for N = M = 1000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-stability-impact-of-policy-based-on-2kq6tk8t.png Figure 10: Stability impact of policy based on diversification relative to policy based on size as a function of µb for a system with heterogeneous sizes and degrees. Using banks’ diversification levels as a proxy for assigning capital requirements is superior to using bank sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-panel-contagion-probability-as-a-function-of-1tnam3vb.png Figure 7: Left Panel: contagion probability as a function of µb for homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of banks’ sizes. Blue squares: system with similar balance sheet sizes. Red circles: system with heterogeneous balance sheet sizes. The system is subject to random bank failures in both cases. Contagion probability is wider in the heterogeneous system relative to the homogeneous case. Right Panel: Targeted shocks on a system with heterogeneous distribution of banks’ balance sheet sizes. Blue squares: contagion probability when a random bank is perturbed. Red circles: contagion probability when shocks are targeted at the biggest banks. Green diamonds: contagion probability when shocks are targeted at the smallest banks. Targeting shocks at the biggest bank results in the widest unstable region. Result refer to 1000 simulations for N = M = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-representation-of-the-contagion-mechanism-1yeegzj4.png Figure 3: Flowchart representation of the contagion mechanism. A Bank is only declared bankrupt whenever it becomes insolvent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-left-panel-contagion-probability-as-a-function-of-2pr1nisr.png Figure 11: Left Panel: Contagion probability as a function of µb for different network correlation configurations subject to the initial failure of a random bank. Blue squares: Uncorrelated network. Red circles: Assortative network. Green diamonds: disassortative network. The disassortative network gives the most stable configuration, while the assortative network results in the most unstable system. Right Panel: Contagion probability as a function of µb for different network correlation configurations. Again, the disassortative network gives the most stable configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-leader-damage-on-white-spruce-picea-glauca-4l2pifoo1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-trees-by-number-of-incidents-of-damage-2yp0m9os.png Table 1. Number of trees by number of incidents of damage, before and after stem splitting. 507 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-white-spruce-estimated-site-index-trend-over-time-dots-13d5d9gd.png Fig. 1. White spruce estimated site index trend over time. Dots represent the estimated site index 516 from a sample plot and the line represents the trend in site index as determined by segmented 517 regression. 518 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-analysis-of-models-3-4-and-5-512-37jghvlm.png Table 3. Results of the analysis of models 3, 4, and 5. 512 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-height-trajectories-of-three-trees-chosen-to-29vykke5.png Fig. 3. Height trajectories of three trees chosen to demonstrate the fit of the model to the data. 526 The dots are the measured heights, the solid line is the predicted height trajectory, and the dashed 527 line is the predicted height trajectory assuming that the tree did not incur any leader damage. The 528 tree in part a) had 15 damage events to the leader whereas the tree in part b) did not have any 529 leader damage. The tree in part c) experienced five leader damaging events.530 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-their-standard-errors-aic-aic-my25eba7.png Table 2. Parameter estimates, their standard errors, AIC, ∆AIC, and wi for the models based on 509 the three hypotheses. 510 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-lead-in-soil-on-crime-deprivation-in-derby-ls87kimpwy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-superficial-geology-map-of-leicester-1-50-000-up8wo0uu.png Figure 3 Superficial geology map of Leicester (1:50 000 British Geological Survey©) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pb-concentrations-at-each-sampling-point-for-each-1sg98ma7.png Figure 6 Pb concentrations at each sampling point for each city. A Derby; B Leicester; C Nottingham Comparing the Pb data distributions (Figure 5) and the spatial distributions (Figure 6) with the superficial geology maps of the three cities (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-median-partial-curves-of-the-identified-clusters-4sb1svyr.png Figure 13 Median partial curves of the identified clusters for the effect of Pb in soil on crime deprivation in Derby showing the proportion of the curves associated with each cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-individual-partial-pb-profiles-associated-with-37dz918a.png Figure 14 Individual partial Pb profiles associated with each cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-shows-the-median-values-of-the-socio-economic-qordtz18.png Figure 15 shows the median values of the socio-economic predictor variables and Pb in the three clusters. The personal deprivation (PD) predictor variable shows the greatest contrast between the three clusters with decreasing values in the order cluster 1>cluster 2>cluster3. The RF model shows that the greatest effect of Pb on CD occurs at lower PD (see cluster 3 in Figure 13and Figure 14) and as PD increases (cluster2 to cluster1) the effect of Pb in soil on CD decreases until in cluster 1 the effect is much reduced and only occurs at higher Pb concentrations. This clearly shows an antagonistic interaction effect between Pb in soil and PD. In addition to the interaction between Pb and PD, the shape of the partial profiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-between-socio-economic-factors-in-opo4db6j.png Figure 10 Correlation between socio-economic factors in Derby, Leicester and Nottingham https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-ratio-of-the-effect-of-increasing-pb-in-soil-20sobfxf.png Figure 17 Ratio of the effect of increasing Pb in soil concentration to the interquartile range of the overall crime deprivation data for Derby https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-superficial-geology-map-of-nottingham-1-50-000-z8tqtlpb.png Figure 4 Superficial geology map of Nottingham (1:50 000 British Geological Survey©) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-macrofaunal-disturbance-on-cerastoderma-edule-rvjpkjmch7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-cerastoderma-edule-post-larvae-drifting-ook5887l.png Figure 6. Number of Cerastoderma edule post-larvae drifting during the flume experiment with macrofauna (Adult cockle C. edule and the lugworm Arenicola marina) present in the sediment and devoid of macrofauna (Control). Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-major-cations-on-the-toxicity-of-cadmium-to-2r0o69sa75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-characteristics-of-the-test-media-used-in-3gzaxfbf.png Table 1 Chemical characteristics of the test media used in the different toxicity test sets with Fo https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-biotic-ligand-model-based-parameters-2iy8rf59.png Table 2 Summary of biotic ligand model-based parameters obtained when exposing different t assessing different endpoints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dose-response-relationships-for-the-effect-of-cadmium-x2vid1mg.png Fig. 3. Dose-response relationships for the effect of cadmium on the survival of Folsomia candida after seven days exposure in test solutions embedded in an inert quartz sand matrix at different Ca, Mg, Na, K, and pH levels. Survival is plotted against the fraction of biotic ligand sites occupied by cadmium (mol/kg dry body weight). The dotted line represents the fit of a logistic model (Eq. (S11)) to all data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relationship-between-the-predicted-and-observed-7-m7qwqlzc.png Fig. 2. The relationship between the predicted and observed 7-d LC50{Cd2þ} for the effect of cadmium on the survival of Folsomia candida exposed in different solutions embedded in an inert quartz sand matrix. The solid line is the 1:1 line and the dashed lines indicate a factor of two differences between the predicted and observed values. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-passivation-on-different-gaas-surfaces-21k7n6s09h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-diagram-for-different-gaas-100-surface-3ig9pmfj.png FIG. 1. Phase diagram for different GaAs (100) surface reconstructions. The three most stable reconstructions are (red lines) a2(2 4), b2(2 4), and c(4 4). Also represented are surface reconstructions with surface defects. The most stable defect surface reconstruction, b2(2 4)-Defect D is shown in a bold blue line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reported-open-circuit-voltage-voc-conversion-iihu94z6.png TABLE I. Reported open circuit voltage (Voc), conversion efficiency (g), and saturated current (Js), of four different ITO/PEDOT:PSS/GaAs Schottky junction solar cells. The effect of the passivation on the GaAs (100) Schottky junction is significant, while its effect on GaAs (111B) is not. The saturated current of the GaAs (111B) devices is lower than that of GaAs (100), which shows that there are fewer surface states on the (111B) surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-orbital-visualization-blue-and-red-th-of-the-surface-26jtxmr2.png FIG. 4. Orbital visualization (blue ( ) and red (þ)) of the surface state, V1, and the CBM state, C1 of the b2(2 4)-Defect D structure. Energetically, sulfur prefers to replace at site A with a replacement energy of 2.09 eV. CH3CH2S • prefers to bind at the two-fold site AB (binding energy, 1.67 eV). Both reactions remove the midgap surface state, V1. White, red, yellow, black, and gray atoms represent As, Ga, S, H, and C atoms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-left-panel-represents-the-band-structure-of-the-b2-2ymfw5wr.png FIG. 3. The left panel represents the band structure of the b2(2 4)-Defect D surface. The shaded area represents GaAs bulk states. The right panel represents the corresponding DOS. The dashed line is for a surface without a defect, the solid line for a surface with a defect. V1 and C1 represent the surface state and CBM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-as-white-and-ga-red-defects-on-gaas-reconstructed-avbnqqu6.png FIG. 2. As (white) and Ga (red) defects on GaAs reconstructed surfaces. The energy (in eV) to remove an As or Ga from the surfaces at sites is listed in Table II. The lowest energy to remove a defect is in position D of the b2(2 4) surface with an energy of 0.84 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-product-positioning-in-a-comparison-table-on-15ajz3m50b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-list-of-brands-observed-online-2aayoeb0.png Table 2 The list of brands observed online https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-for-the-sponsor-in-terms-of-a-copy-tone-1rl4zkla.png Table 1 Evaluation for the sponsor in terms of a copy tone (positive vs. negative) and physical positioning (right vs. left) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mediated-relation-between-physical-positioning-and-1ou42cuv.png Fig. 1 Mediated relation between physical positioning and attitudes toward the sponsor https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-pulsed-nanosecond-laser-irradiation-on-the-1340389r1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-ma5-magnesium-alloy-a-cg-state-sem-b-ufg-2nu8uyj3.png Fig. 1. Structure of MA5 magnesium alloy: (a) CG state (SEM); (b) UFG state, overview (SEM); (c) UFG state, detailed image; the inset shows a magnified region of the precipitations of the nanoparticles of the β phase (STEM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-of-the-surface-of-ma5-magnesium-alloy-in-the-spde8pqy.png Fig. 2. SEM image of the surface of MA5 magnesium alloy in the (a) CG and (b) UFG states after pulsed NLI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-the-relative-change-in-the-weight-of-the-1a8uxg13.png Fig. 4. Dependence of the relative change in the weight of the samples of MA5 alloy in the (1) CG and (2) UFG states after NLI on the time of exposure in a 0.9% solution of NaCl. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-surface-of-ma5-magnesium-alloy-in-the-ufg-state-after-nryff5gx.png Fig. 5. Surface of MA5 magnesium alloy in the UFG state after corrosion for 25 days: (1) the region without NLI and (2) the region after NLI. The inset shows the results of the energy dispersive elemental analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-relative-decline-in-the-weight-of-2rsb3vje.png Fig. 3. Dependence of the relative decline in the weight of the samples of MA5 alloy in the (1) CG and (2) UFG states on the time of exposure in a 0.9% solution of NaCl. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-risk-perception-on-public-preferences-and-577krbxj1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-mean-wtp-in-ps-household-year-estimates-for-the-2rmod90d.png Table 5. The mean WTP (in £/household/year) estimates for the scenarios of reduction from 90 to 45 and 0 RDs, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-results-of-the-spike-model-fitted-to-the-bid-2oczg8r3.png Table 4. The results of the spike model fitted to the bid function https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-results-of-explanatory-factor-analysis-of-the-3oogfsxf.png Table 2. The results of explanatory factor analysis of the responses to attitudinal questions regarding perception of environmental and health risk. Shaded boxes show items loading on each factor with loadings >0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-binary-logistic-model-estimates-for-market-3hbw5wwa.png Table 3. Binary logistic model estimates for market participation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-radiation-pressure-on-virial-black-hole-mass-5ducgtzczp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-se-and-corresponding-rm-virial-2kilg241.png Fig. 2.—Comparison between SE and corresponding RM virial masses. Left: Without taking into account radiation pressure (same as Fig. 8, right, of Vestergaard & Peterson 2006); the dispersion of the data along the x-axis around the 0 value is 0.4 dex.Right: Same as right panel, but taking into account radiation pressure as described in the text (RM virial masses are also computed with the correction for radiation pressure); the dispersion is 0.2 dex. Error bars combine errors on RM and SE virial masses but are dominated by the former. Error bars are different in the left and right panels because of the different relative importance of virial products and luminosities in RM virial masses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-virial-bhmasses-mbh-vir-and-those-2mmdhkgp.png Fig. 4.—Comparison between virial BHmasses (MBH;vir) and those expected from theMBH- e orMBH-Lsph correlations for normal galaxies (MBH;corr; Tremaine et al. 2002; Marconi &Hunt 2003). Left: Virial BHmasses are computed using the calibrated relations byVestergaard & Peterson (2006).Right: Virial BHmasses are computed using the relations derived in this paper which take into account radiation pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-of-bhmasses-for-narrow-line-seyfert-1-3fcss0km.png Fig. 3.—Distributions of BHmasses for narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (VH 2000 km s 1, thick line) and ‘‘normal’’ Seyfert 1 galaxies (VH > 2000 km s 1, thin line with shaded area). Left: MBH obtained with the scaling relations by Vestergaard & Peterson (2006). Right: MBH obtained with the scaling relations which take into account radiation pressure. The numbers at the top of both panels denote the mean and standard deviation of the mean ( / ffiffiffiffi N p ) of narrow and broad Seyfert 1 galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogramof-thembh-vir-mbh-corr-ratio-for-thezhou-et-px9qgs2u.png Fig. 5.—Histogramof theMBH;vir /MBH;corr ratio for theZhou et al. (2006) sample of 33 NLS1 galaxies (see text). Virial BH masses are computed using the calibrated relations by Vestergaard & Peterson (2006; thin line with shaded area) and with the relations derived in this paper which take into account radiation pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ratio-between-virial-bh-masses-taking-into-account-17fhaep4.png Fig. 1.—Ratio between virial BH masses taking into account radiation pressure (MBH) and those based only on the virial product (MBH;0) plotted against the classical Eddington ratio based on MBH;0. Thus, MBH /MBH;0 is the correction factor which should be applied to BH mass estimates based only on the virial product. Also, NH is, on average, the total column density of each BLR cloud along the direction to the ionizing source. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-of-rm-virial-masses-23q0v060.png TABLE 1 Calibration of RM Virial Masses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calibration-of-se-virial-masses-3vnhzyp1.png TABLE 2 Calibration of SE Virial Masses https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-sampling-scheme-in-the-survey-of-atmospheric-xg1nsxkgq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2efgpak2.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-data-of-the-contamination-factors-cf-and-gg9qdhc3.png Table 4 The data of the contamination factors (CF) and contamin tion classification (Fernandez et al. 2000) for metal concentrations in mosses in Albania (N=44) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xjf2pc6s.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-univariate-linear-regressions-between-selected-3hq9irxc.png Table 7 Univariate linear regressions between selected elements in moss samples of Albania (N=44) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-maximum-likelihood-factor-analysis-of-the-2pezk865.png Table 8 Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis of the Correlation Matrix of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Mn, Al, Fe, Li https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-33drs20c.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-concentrations-data-of-yp0dhvx6.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the concentrations data of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V and Zn (mg/kg, DW) in moss samples (n=44) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-variances-of-the-data-set-of-12-elements-19k590rh.png Table 2 The variances of the data set of 12 elements obtained for N=44 and for N=62 sampling scheme https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-supply-chain-management-practices-on-supply-jmrtsmqa6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-online-survey-responses-causes-of-disruption-1qc4jqff.png Table 1: Online survey responses causes of disruption https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-stiffness-gradient-on-the-just-noticeable-448y5hntu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-probability-of-a-correct-response-as-a-function-of-1xgxmad1.png Fig. 4. The probability of a correct response as a function of the stiffness gradient (N/m per cm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-stiffness-gradient-over-space-top-and-over-time-3p2yw4vs.png Fig. 1. The stiffness gradient over space (top) and over time (bottom). In subfigures (a) and (b) the position dependent stiffness over the transition region is the same, with low hand velocity (a) and high hand velocity (b) producing different perceived temporal changes in stiffness. In subfigures (c) and (d), the time dependent stiffness over the transition region is the same, with low hand velocity (c) and high hand velocity (d) producing different perceived spatial changes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-3d-virtual-image-registered-with-the-real-hand-3kwjq0bv.png Fig. 3. (a) A 3D virtual image registered with the real hand position is obtained with the help of a semi-transparent mirror and stereo glasses. (b) An animation of a series of red balls moving to the left and to the right were rendered at the front and back of the boxes, respectively. (c) Trials included three boxes, only one of which included a stiffness change along lateral motion across the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-interpolation-functions-used-in-the-study-with-ulrjhyje.png Fig. 2. The interpolation functions used in the study, with their respective spatial derivatives. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-thermal-annealing-in-a-hydrogen-atmosphere-on-30qqnbqrpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-micrographs-of-a-as-deposited-w-sic-b-700-oc-c-800-1fyq5vmu.png Fig 4: SEM micrographs of (a) As-deposited W-SiC, (b) 700 ºC, (c) 800 ºC and (d) 1000 ºC for 1 hour annealed in Hydrogen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rbs-spectra-of-the-as-deposited-and-annealed-samples-3lxttayl.png Fig. 2: RBS spectra of the as-deposited and annealed samples in H2 gas for 1 hour at temperatures of 700 to 1000 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grazing-incidence-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-w-sic-2a2qgccc.png Fig. 3: Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction patterns for W-SiC after annealing in H2 at 700 ºC, 800 ºC and 1000 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-as-deposited-rbs-spectrum-with-the-corresponding-rump-1cap8wwf.png Fig 1: As-deposited RBS spectrum with the corresponding RUMP simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-voter-identification-laws-on-turnout-2lqwola5t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-turnout-of-registered-voters-by-region-336f9bwz.png Figure 2: Estimated Turnout of Registered Voters by Region, 1974-2004. Estimates from United States Election Project (http://elections.gmu.edu/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-probability-of-voting-by-identification-nktmrza9.png Figure 7: Estimated probability of voting by identification requirement and education level. The graphs plot the average estimated probability of voting by registered voter respondent from the Current Population Survey (2000-2006) given different voter identification regimes as education levels vary. The estimates come from a logistic regression of the probability of voting controlling for demographic characteristics. The dashed lines are the confidence intervals for the random effects term only, and do not include the uncertainty in the estimate; these are provided for convenience only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-voter-identification-laws-2000-2006-darker-shades-3vwx0olj.png Figure 1: Voter Identification Laws, 2000-2006. Darker shades correspond to more stringent authentication requirements. In general, identification requirements became stricter between 2000 and 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimates-of-the-determinants-of-state-level-2av873rd.png Figure 3: Estimates of the determinants of state level turnout of registered voters, 2000- 2006. The graph shows the result of regression of log(turnout) on the covariates, including state and year effects. The center dots correspond to the point estimates, the thicker lines to the 50% confidence interval, and the thinner lines to 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-probability-of-voting-by-identification-2temcvue.png Figure 8: Estimated probability of voting by identification requirement and age. The graphs plot the average estimated probability of voting by registered voter respondent from the Current Population Survey (2000-2006) given different voter identification regimes as education levels vary. The estimates come from a logistic regression of the probability of voting controlling for demographic characteristics. The dashed lines are the confidence intervals for the random effects term only, and do not include the uncertainty in the estimate; these are provided for convenience only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-estimated-probability-of-voting-by-1gunh7yp.png Figure 5: Average estimated probability of voting by identification requirement. The graph plots the average impact from our sample of registered voters from the Current Population Survey (2000-2006). The estimates come from a logistic regression of the probability of voting controlling for demographic characteristics. The solid line is the linear trend that the identification effects are shrunk towards. The dots are the point estimates and the bars represent the 95% confidence intervals for the effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimates-of-the-determinants-of-individual-level-30o7mpod.png Figure 4: Estimates of the determinants of individual level turnout of registered voters, 2000-2006. The graph shows the result of logistic regression of the probability of voting on the covariates, including state and year effects. The center dots correspond to the point estimates, the thicker lines to the 50% confidence interval, and the thinner lines to 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-estimated-probability-of-voting-by-identification-udmaha0l.png Figure 9: Estimated probability of voting by identification requirement and income level. The graphs plot the average estimated probability of voting by registered voter respondent from the Current Population Survey (2000-2006) given different voter identification regimes as education levels vary. The estimates come from a logistic regression of the probability of voting controlling for demographic characteristics. The dashed lines are the confidence intervals for the random effects term only, and do not include the uncertainty in the estimate; these are provided for convenience only. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-wall-inertia-on-high-frequency-instabilities-4x8t4uobdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymptotic-predictions-for-the-eigenfrequencies-on-12gtwzqi.png Table 1 Asymptotic predictions for the eigenfrequencies ωn of the normal modes, for different values of the axial tension parameter F and the wall inertia parameter M , when z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9 and σ0 = 0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-asymptotic-predictions-and-the-391vl4vm.png Fig. 8 Comparison of the asymptotic predictions and the numerical results for the eigenfrequency ω1 of the fundamental mode for σ0 = 0.6, z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9, F = 1, ` = 15, α2 = 50. In (a), the asymptotic predictions (solid lines) and numerical results (points) for ω1 are plotted against Re for M = 0, 0.02, 0.2, 1, 10 in red, blue, green, black and brown respectively. In (b), the asymptotic predictions (solid line) and the numerical results (points) seen in (a) for ω1 are plotted against M . Note that the numerical results for different values of Re and the same M are indistinguishable on this scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-set-up-of-the-starling-resistor-an-elastic-tube-is-3brt96tx.png Fig. 1 The set-up of the Starling Resistor. An elastic tube is clamped between two rigid tubes and is contained in a pressure chamber with fixed pressure p∗ext. Flow is driven through the tube using a controlled pressure difference p∗up − p∗dn between the two ends. Flow can also be driven through the tube by using a volumetric pump to set a particular flux at either end. The pressure p∗ext in the chamber can be modified to control the degree of collapse of the elastic tube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-theoretical-approximation-4-13-and-1e5kei7i.png Fig. 11 Comparison of the theoretical approximation (4.13) and numerical calculations for the growth rate Λ1 of the fundamental mode against Re, for σ0 = 0.6, z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9, F = 1, ` = 15, α2 = 50, and M ∈ {0, 0.2, 1, 10}. The asymptotic predictions are given by the thicker lines, whereas the numerical results are given by the points joined by the thinner lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-theoretical-approximations-and-numerical-ryu31tf6.png Fig. 9 Comparison of theoretical approximations and numerical calculations for the total area variation A − A0 along the length of the tube, for σ0 = 0.6, z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9, F = 1, ` = 15, α2 = 50 and M ∈ {0, 0.2, 1}. The numerical results (thinner lines) have been calculated for Re = 248, t = 1.564 when M = 0, Re = 172, t = 3.063 when M = 0.2, and Re = 126, t = 5.449 when M = 1. The values of Re are chosen to be near the critical Reynolds number Rec1 for the fundamental mode so the amplitude of this mode has only slow variation in time, and the values of t are chosen to be near the times where the area variation is maximal. The theoretical approximations (thicker lines) are calculated using (2.15), with Ā as given in (30) and the Ã1 from §3.5 here. The value of the amplitude ∆ of the oscillatory component is set to be ∆ = 0.114, 0.0443, 0.0138 when M = 0, 0.2, 1 respectively, in order to match the amplitude of the area variation between the theoretical approximations and numerical results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-asymptotic-predictions-for-the-first-five-normal-modes-3bofz95s.png Fig. 5 Asymptotic predictions for the first five normal modes of Ãn, for different values of M when F = 1, z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9 and σ0 = 0.6. The normalisation is as in Fig. 3. (Note the different vertical scales used on the two lower plots.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-theoretical-approximation-4-12-and-196ltzem.png Fig. 10 Comparison of the theoretical approximation (4.12) and numerical calculations for the critical Reynolds number Rec1 of the fundamental mode against M , for σ0 = 0.6, z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9, F = 1, ` = 15, α2 = 50. The asymptotic prediction is given by the solid line, and the numerical calculations are given by the points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-asymptotic-predictions-for-the-critical-reynolds-ahr9dpru.png Fig. 6 Asymptotic predictions for the critical Reynolds number Rec as a function of the wall inertia parameter M from (4.12), with z1 = 0.1, z2 = 0.9, and σ0 = 0.6, for mode numbers n ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4}. Note the differing behaviour of the odd and even modes: the odd modes are destabilised by increasing wall inertia, while the even modes are stabilised (except at very small M). https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-work-disability-on-the-intention-to-retire-of-1acyu17qff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-the-explanatory-variables-15262jt1.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of the explanatory variables included in the intention to retire model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-for-the-retirement-intention-djol7kc2.png Table 4: Estimation results for the retirement intention model. Work disability measure from the ordered probit model (columns 1 to 3) and from the Hopit model (columns 4 to 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heterogeneity-analysis-drtppka9.png Table 5: Heterogeneity analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-of-the-ordered-probit-and-hopit-1w4d8n60.png Table 2: Estimation results of the ordered probit and Hopit models used to derive the work disability measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-covariates-used-in-the-36oua58v.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of the covariates used in the ordered probit and Hopit models to derive the work disability measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-desiring-to-retire-as-soon-as-3apnbhgc.png Figure 2: Probability of desiring to retire as soon as possible by work disability quartiles. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-a-summer-camp-program-in-china-on-children-s-13ueu01stk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-propensity-subthemes-and-descriptive-quotations-35axb6nb.png Table 6. Propensity Subthemes and Descriptive Quotations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-means-and-standard-deviations-of-propensity-for-31vrdrym.png Table 5. Means and Standard Deviations of Propensity for Stewardship Responses on the Conservation Stewards Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-care-subthemes-and-descriptive-quotations-32b5itly.png Table 4. Care Subthemes and Descriptive Quotations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-standard-deviations-of-caring-responses-on-13dsledr.png Table 3. Means and Standard Deviations of Caring Responses on the Conservation Stewards Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-knowledge-responses-34xkoojn.png Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations of Knowledge Responses on the Conservation Stewards Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subthemes-and-descriptive-quotations-for-knowledge-261heyd7.png Table 2. Subthemes and Descriptive Quotations for Knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequencies-of-camper-negative-neg-and-positive-pos-289p5bog.png Figure 1. Frequencies of camper negative (Neg) and positive (Pos) behaviors from the Research Base. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequencies-of-camper-negative-neg-and-positive-pos-thz2zusn.png Figure 2. Frequencies of camper negative (Neg) and positive (Pos) behaviors from the Chengdu Zoo. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-controlled-breathing-during-pulmonary-txpztv3hqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-of-pulmonary-function-cardiopulmonary-11dmnqz0.png Table 2. Changes of pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and health-related quality of life https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-there-was-no-statistically-significant-difference-in-4cvk3own.png Fig. 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the change of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity as assessed by the 6MWD between the RBF group (left) and the control group (right) after the 4 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation. Within both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in 6MWD after pulmonary rehabilitation. ** = highly significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-there-was-no-statistically-significant-difference-in-nktsnfje.png Fig. 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the change of cardiac autonomic function as assessed by rMSSD between the RBF group (left) and the control group (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-of-r-r-interval-and-r-r-interval-variability-1f8sl3dp.png Table 3. Changes of R-R interval and R-R interval variability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthropometric-and-pulmonary-function-data-3fo88pfj.png Table 1. Anthropometric and pulmonary function data https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-fixed-strategy-agents-on-local-convention-k7pys31rtv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-figure-shows-the-percentage-of-instances-2mmc5ocj.png Fig. 4. The figure shows the percentage of instances (simulations) that ended up reaching 90% conformity after 100,000 iterations while varying the number of fixed-strategy agents and the separation degree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-figure-shows-the-speed-of-local-convention-2h07pjt9.png Fig. 3. The figure shows the speed of local convention emergence using different placement strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-figure-shows-the-percentage-of-communities-that-2sc2ydez.png Fig. 2. The figure shows the percentage of communities that ended up using the same action as the fixed-strategy agents in that community, while varying the percentage of fixed-strategy agents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-figure-shows-how-the-speed-at-which-local-25q3s1p6.png Fig. 1. The figure shows how the speed at which local conventions emerge changes when the percentage of fixed-strategy agents is varied. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-nickel-on-the-structure-and-functioning-of-a-1y2l5swt0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lowest-observed-effect-concentrationsa-loec-per-1ncuu5j9.png Table 2. Lowest observed effect concentrationsa (LOEC) per sampling day for the community structure-effect (principal response curves and phytoplankton groupsb), species-effectsb , Minimal Detectable Difference (MDD) and effect classificationc for both treatments class for the phytoplankton. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-averagea-measured-water-chemistry-q0i3lbcm.png Table 1. Overview of the averagea measured water chemistry variables of the microcosms the day before the start of the experiment and averages in the microcosms over the exposure period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lowest-observed-effect-concentrationsa-loec-per-3l9xf49o.png Table 3. Lowest observed effect concentrationsa (LOEC) per sampling day for the community structure-effect (principal response curves and zooplankton groupsb), specieseffectsb, Minimal Detectable Difference (MDD) class and effect classificationc for both treatments for the zooplankton. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lowest-observed-effect-concentrationsa-loec-per-1cdp15iv.png Table 4. Lowest observed effect concentrationsa (LOEC) per sampling day for the community functioning endpointsb, Minimal Detectable Difference (MDD) class and effect classificationc for both treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overview-of-hypothesized-direct-and-indirect-22lo15ep.png Figure 8. Overview of hypothesized direct and indirect effects occurring in the microcosms after Ni application (at HC5 [upper panel] and HC50[lower panel]) on zooplankton and algae community structure and functioning. Bold arrows inside the rectangles indicate the direction of effect (regardless of it being direct or indirect) (↑= increase;↓ = decrease). Only species showing effects belonging to class 3 and 4 are included. Higher taxa (cyanobacteria, and diatoms) that are printed bold were also classified in effect class 3 and 4; others did not show clear effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-dissolved-ni-concentrations-measured-over-the-1flxvfy2.png Figure 1. A) Dissolved Ni concentrations measured over the entire exposure duration in the microcosms of the HC5 (diamonds) and HC50 treatment (triangles). All data-points are the average measurement of 3 replicates. Open symbols represent measurements of samples taken before Ni addition, filled symbols represent measurements of samples taken 15 to 35 minutes after Ni addition. Dashed lines represent the nominal targeted dissolved Ni concentration (i.e. 24 and 97 µg dissolved Ni/L). B) Bioavailability normalized HC5 (data points connected with dashed line) and HC50 (data points connected with full line). Bioavailability normalizations were performed based on measured water chemistry of the control treatment (open circles), HC5 treatment (filled diamonds) and HC50 treatment (filled triangle) using the chronic Ni bioavailability tool (Nys et al. 2016). The entire chemistry used for bioavailability-normalization is given in Table S2.2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-north-atlantic-sst-and-sea-ice-anomalies-on-3cqs585kax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-26btrmow.png FIG. 3. (Continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vertical-profiles-of-the-total-anomalous-heating-rate-ci4yf06h.png FIG. 7. Vertical profiles of the total anomalous heating rate averaged over the main SST anomaly center (438–658N, 508–308W) in SST15 (dashed) and SST25 (solid). The SST15 profile has been multiplied by 21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continued-1tvva4wj.png FIG. 3. (Continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vertical-cross-sections-for-the-lat-band-438-658n-of-1g4h2jyw.png FIG. 6. Vertical cross sections for the lat band 438–658N of anomalous heating rates for (left) SST15 and (right) SST25 due to (middle top) deep convection, (middle bottom) shallow convection, and (bottom) radiation plus vertical diffusion. (top) The sum of the lower three panels. The contour interval is 0.3 K day21 in all panels; positive (negative) values are indicated by solid (dashed) contours, and the zero contour has been omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-jan-left-sst-and-right-sea-ice-forcing-used-in-the-1ziz1bn8.png FIG. 1. Jan (left) SST and (right) sea ice forcing used in the SST25 and ICE2 perturbation experiments, respectively. In the SST panel, dark (light) shading denotes positive (negative) anomalies relative to the control run; the contour interval is 1.5 K and the zero contour has been omitted. In the sea ice panel, dark (light) shading denotes grid boxes where sea ice has been removed (added) relative to the control run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-as-in-fig-5-but-for-ice2-249r2llf.png FIG. 10. As in Fig. 5 but for ICE2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-in-fig-2-but-for-top-sst22-5-and-bottom-ice1-l35lwwm8.png FIG. 4. As in Fig. 2 but for (top) SST22.5 and (bottom) ICE1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decomposition-of-the-left-total-dec-apr-z500-responses-3n5ri70p.png FIG. 2. Decomposition of the (left) total Dec–Apr Z500 responses in (top) SST25 and (bottom) ICE2 into a component that projects onto the leading EOF of (middle) the control run and (right) the residual from that projection. The contour interval is 10 m in all panels; positive (negative) contours are solid (dashed) and the zero contour is the thin solid line. The locations of the SST and sea ice anomalies are indicated by shading in the residual panels. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-partner-protectiveness-and-transfer-capacity-1nuce46t9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-group-regression-analysisa-12excm2c.png Table 2 Results of group regression analysisª https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-3e722i4c.png Table 1 descriptive statistics and correlation matrix https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-service-quality-and-consumer-brand-value-518ey85zvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-validity-and-reliability-of-the-construct-1ypbb1v5.png Table 2 The Validity and Reliability of the Construct https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-conceptual-model-of-this-study-1nl541k2.png Figure 1: The conceptual model of this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-descriptive-statistics-standard-factor-loadings-1y6a20u9.png Table 1 The Descriptive Statistics, Standard Factor Loadings and Square Multiple Correlations for each variable. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-physiological-arousal-on-cognitive-and-1ybu3qrak3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relevant-demographic-characteristics-of-high-and-low-1h487ooy.png Table 1. Relevant demographic characteristics of high and low a n x i e t y sensitivity participants by arousal condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-means-and-standard-deviations-of-scores-on-cognitive-2y82ersu.png Table 4. Means and standard deviations of scores on cognitive and psychomotor performance tasks by anxiety sensitivity and arousal level among participants who scored at least one standard deviation above or below the mean on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-standard-deviations-of-scores-on-cognitive-3hrpbrna.png Table 3. Means and standard deviations of scores on cognitive and psychomotor performance tasks by anxiety sensitivity and arousal level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-heart-rate-by-condition-at-baseline-following-aiykvgcy.png Table 2. Heart rate by condition at baseline, following arousal induction or resting treatment, following the cognitive and psychomotor tasks, and post, and API scores at post. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-smoking-bans-on-self-assessed-health-evidence-5fq6oa0kjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-self-assessed-health-before-and-after-1ena9wg6.png Table 3 Average self-assessed health before and after smoking ban by state https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on8swiej.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-1bvkcujd.png Table 7 Robustness https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-extension-introduction-versus-enforcement-d0djre6e.png Table 6 Extension: introduction versus enforcement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-self-rated-health-over-time-in-germany-3tii9nra.png Figure 1 Average self-rated health over time in Germany https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-all-smokers-and-non-smokers-2i05srb9.png Table 5 Estimation results: all, smokers, and non-smokers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-smoking-bans-25t7i5k6.png Table 4 Effects of smoking bans https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dates-of-introduction-and-enforcement-of-state-xgvrc6cb.png Table 1 Dates of introduction and enforcement of state smoking bans in Germany https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-the-food-dudes-programme-on-children-s-intake-4j5kpsdu0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-participation-at-each-phase-of-the-study-28ddqsli.png Figure 1. Participation at each phase of the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-consumption-of-fruit-and-vegetables-and-high-p48duuv6.png Table 2. Mean consumption of fruit and vegetables and high fat and sugar foods (in grams) for children consuming school provided lunches in the intervention and control schools at each study phase (N=522) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-study-sample-2jphfhbt.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the study sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-consumption-of-fruit-and-vegetables-and-high-3da168pv.png Table 2. Mean consumption of fruit and vegetables and high fat and sugar foods (in grams) for children consuming school provided lunches in the intervention and control schools at each study phase (N=522) https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-volunteering-on-the-volunteer-4o8aajzrks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-net-effects-of-religious-volunteering-1rt1dr8k.png TABLE 2 ESTIMATED NET EFFECTS OF RELIGIOUS VOLUNTEERING, SECULAR VOLUNTEERING, AND OTHER CONTROLS ON T3 DEPRESSION https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-net-effects-of-volunteering-and-other-2q4pe7c8.png TABLE 1 ESTIMATED NET EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEERING AND OTHER CONTROLS ON T3 DEPRESSION https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-net-effects-of-volunteering-on-labor-force-11emym25.png TABLE 3 ESTIMATED NET EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEERING ON LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND ACHIEVEMENT https://scispace.com/papers/the-electronic-structure-of-mn-in-oxides-coordination-39zrgajiin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-first-moment-analysis-m120-for-the-pre-edge-1b5wcjnn.png Table 1. First Moment Analysis M120% for the Pre-Edge Structure of the Mn Oxides https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-line-plots-extracted-from-the-rixs-planes-for-the-3dyjpfgz.png Figure 5. Line plots extracted from the RIXS planes for the four Mn oxides. Left panel: RIXS intensity integrated over the incident energy plotted versus the energy transfer (CIE). Center panel: Diagonal cuts through RIXS planes at constant emission energy (CEE). Right panel: RIXS intensity integrated over the energy transfer plotted versus the incident energy (CET). The MnO (A) CET line plot was fitted using two Voigt profiles (dotted curves). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-multiplet-calculations-for-1s-to-3d-quadrupole-2xj11n9m.png Figure 10. Multiplet calculations for 1s to 3d quadrupole transitions to 1s3d6 (Mn2+), 1s3d5 (Mn3+), and 1s3d4 (Mn4+) final states, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-rixs-energy-scheme-for-1s2p-rixs-in-a-2shyjn3a.png Figure 1. Simplified RIXS energy scheme for 1s2p RIXS in a transitionmetal ion. The vertical axis indicates the total energy of the electron configuration. For simplicity, atomic configurations are used and only 1s to 3d excitations are shown. The discrete resonances with 1s3dn+1 configurations form the K pre-edge. The RIXS final-state electron configuration can also be reached by a soft X-ray 2p to 3d absorption process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-simplified-energy-scheme-to-illustrate-the-1ffumqcl.png Figure 12. Simplified energy scheme to illustrate the different chemical shifts observed in the K pre-edge and in the 2p5 final states in 1s2p RIXS spectroscopy. The total energy positions of the final states are shown without and with (2p,3d) exchange interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contour-plots-of-the-1s2p3-2-rixs-planes-for-the-3maomoev.png Figure 6. Contour plots of the 1s2p3/2 RIXS planes for the four molecular complexes MnII(acac)2(H2O)2 (E), MnIII (acac)3 (F), [MnIII (5-Cl-Salpn)(CH3OH)2](O3SCF3) (G), and MnIV(sal)2(bipy) (H). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contour-plots-of-the-1s2p3-2-rixs-planes-for-ps-ii-g7badty4.png Figure 7. Contour plots of the 1s2p3/2 RIXS planes for PS II in the S1 and S2 states. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-first-moment-analysis-m120-for-the-three-model-2fus5pb0.png Table 2. First Moment Analysis M120% for the Three Model Compounds and the S1 and S2 States of PS II https://scispace.com/papers/the-emergence-of-autonomous-representations-in-artificial-2erq6d4nny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-action-as-a-semiotic-component-260vvnq9.png Figure 3. An action as a semiotic component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-indication-of-a-possible-action-the-agent-has-v2kguka9.png Figure 2. Indication of a possible action. The agent has observed differences in qualities and relations in two successive situations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-an-example-of-a-semiotic-component-zvga5hqb.png TABLE I. AN EXAMPLE OF A SEMIOTIC COMPONENT https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-laws-of-agents-logical-argumentation-based-on-10v3go2b.png TABLE II. LAWS OF AGENT’S LOGICAL ARGUMENTATION BASED ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AN OBSERVED ACTION AND AN ACTION CATEGORY https://scispace.com/papers/the-emissions-of-nitrous-oxide-and-methane-from-natural-soil-3lppl6g19i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soil-ph-a-and-organic-matter-b-concentration-at-a-2ilxkg82.png Fig. 2. Soil pH (A) and organic matter (B) concentration (%) at a depth of 5-10 cm, plotted 530 against soil temperature (Ts) at a depth of 10 cm, measured in June 2014. Black circles 531 represent the forest site (FN), open circles represent the new grassland site (GN) and triangles 532 represent the old grassland (GO). 533 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flux-rates-of-n2o-a-and-ch4-b-and-the-average-soil-17g63ne4.png Fig. 3. Flux rates of N2O (A) and CH4 (B) and the average soil temperature (Ts) at a depth of 535 10 cm during sampling at forest (FN) site, measured during the growing seasons of 2012 - 536 2014. The median, 25th and 75th percentiles are shown in the box with whiskers indicating 537 variability outside the 25th and 75th percentiles. Plot codes at the x-axis show the average 538 soil temperature increase (°C). Plots FN+0 to FN+4 were measured eight times, while plots 539 FN+7 and FN+40 were measured four times. Each time, two or three replicate chambers were 540 used (see Methods). 541 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-n2o-and-ch4-concentrations-ul-l-1-t1xd5ilt.png Fig. 7. N2O and CH4 concentrations (µl l -1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flux-rates-of-n2o-a-and-ch4-b-and-the-average-soil-3ucszp1l.png Fig. 6. Flux rates of N2O (A) and CH4 (B) and the average soil temperature (Ts, ° https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spearman-rank-correlation-coefficients-between-soil-wmsvjrqz.png Table 1. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm 511 depth and N2O and CH4 flux rates during the growing seasons from the temperature gradients 512 at the forest (FN), the new grassland (GN) and the old grassland (GO) site. ** = p < 0.001, * 513 = p < 0.05. 514 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flux-rates-of-n2o-a-and-ch4-b-and-the-average-soil-3o66641f.png Fig. 5. Flux rates of N2O (A) and CH4 (B) and the average soil temperature (Ts, ° https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flux-rates-of-n2o-a-and-ch4-b-and-the-average-soil-2wvnx7v4.png Fig. 4. Flux rates of N2O (A) and CH4 (B) and the average soil temperature (Ts) at a depth of 543 10 cm during sampling at grassland (GN) site, measured during the growing seasons of 2012 544 - 2014. The median, 25th and 75th percentiles are shown in the box with whiskers indicating 545 variability outside the 25th and 75th percentiles. Plot codes at the x-axis show the average 546 https://scispace.com/papers/the-empathic-gaze-and-how-to-find-it-eye-gaze-behaviour-to-2gajy5yea9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatterplots-and-regression-lines-for-the-1lqj2l9k.png Figure 1. Scatterplots and regression lines for the relationships between empathic concern and perspective taking with eye dwell time for the emotional and neutral videos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representation-of-the-mean-dwell-times-to-the-eye-21m930n9.png Figure 1. Scatterplots and regression lines for the relationships between empathic concern and perspective taking with eye dwell time for the emotional and neutral videos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-top-row-of-each-panel-shows-stills-from-the-20f1y7wr.png Figure 2. The top row of each panel shows stills from the neutral video; the bottom row show stills from the emotionally intense video. The columns represent data from one participant across each https://scispace.com/papers/the-empirical-assessment-of-multidimensional-welfare-1zi4n18xvi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-stochastic-dominance-test-p-values-for-2f14gcad.png Table 3 Multivariate stochastic dominance test P values for the joint distributions of the mean standardized variables (population weighted results)a https://scispace.com/papers/the-empirical-validation-of-house-energy-rating-her-software-1cysa4qgo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-74-double-top-plate-m2dt1qma.png Figure 4.74 - Double top plate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-29-wall-framing-area-concrete-slab-on-ground-floored-3oxl3ode.png Table 4.29: Wall-framing Area - Concrete Slab-on-ground Floored Test Cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-41-test-cell-3-room-ab-c-measured-results-may-2007-1cugsmdg.png Figure 5.41 – Test Cell 3 Room: AB-C & Measured Results: May 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-measured-and-tmy-climate-file-global-solar-o4lgomeb.png Table 5.6: Measured and TMY Climate File Global Solar Radiation (19/06/2007-23/06/2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-42-test-cell-3-room-ab-c-measured-results-june-2007-26dehb5f.png Figure 5.42 – Test Cell 3 Room: AB-C & Measured Results: June 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-112-energy-txt-accurate-output-file-3bj0manu.png Figure 4.112 – Energy.txt AccuRate Output file https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-68-tc2-room-residual-march-april-2007-3v6j8g8r.png Figure 5.68 – TC2 Room Residual March/April 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-66-tc2-subfloor-residual-april-2007-of4q08ke.png Figure 5.66 – TC2 Subfloor Residual April 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/the-energetic-basis-for-smooth-human-arm-movements-3zi2krjygl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-goal-directed-reaching-tasks-and-optimization-19gwdxhi.png Figure 1. Goal-directed reaching tasks and optimization criteria. (A.) Typical experiments for point-to-point 24 movements between targets. (B.) Hand speed trajectories vs. time. Kinematic objectives such as minimizing jerk or 25 variance predict the observed smooth, bell-shaped profiles for hand speed. (C.) Effort-based objectives such as 26 minimizing work or squared muscle force or activation predict trajectories that are not smooth, or not bell-shaped 27 (Nelson 1983). 28 29 30 Upper extremity reaching movements are characterized by a stereotypical, bell-shaped speed 31 profile for the hand’s motion to its target (Fig. 1A). The profile’s smoothness seems to preserve 32 kinematic accuracy (Harris and Wolpert 1998), and have little to do with the effort needed to 33 produce the motion. But effort or energy expenditure appear to affect other aspects of 34 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-cost-and-dynamics-for-cyclic-reaching-as-39xwil3b.png Figure 3. Predicted cost and dynamics for cyclic reaching, as a function of movement frequency 𝑓. (A.) Force-rate cost is predicted to increase with 𝑓!/#, whereas cost for mechanical work is predicted to remain constant for fixed power conditions. (B.) Fixed power is achieved by specifying movement amplitude 𝐴 to decrease with frequency, according to 𝑓$%/#. (C.) Torque amplitudes are expected to increase modestly, with 𝑓$%/#. (𝐷) Peak hand speed is expected to decrease, with 𝑓$&/#. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-linear-mixed-effects-models-172584eq.png Table 1. Experimental results. Linear mixed effects models were used to test model predictions from data. Listed for each quantity: predicted power law, estimated coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI), 𝑅#, and P-value. https://scispace.com/papers/the-energy-performance-of-the-central-sunlighting-system-18qj2v8z6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-heating-energy-use-for-an-office-space-with-a-3apcjcgw.png Figure 11 Heating energy use for an office space with a depth of four cubicles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-a-schematic-layout-of-a-column-of-cubicles-gd0178ef.png Figure 7 shows a schematic layout of a column of cubicles running from the window wall to the core space. The average desktop illuminance of a given cubicle space (with index c) is expressed as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-exterior-enclosure-left-picture-and-the-light-fz5e7xs0.png Figure 1. The exterior enclosure (left picture) and the light guide as seen from indoors (right picture) of a previous CSS prototype https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-descriptions-of-the-css-and-its-1r5705fc.png Figure 2 Schematic descriptions of the CSS and its components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermal-model-of-the-office-cubicle-space-central-2ityild5.png Figure 8 Thermal model of the office cubicle space (central zone). The horizontal plate above the perimeter window simulates the obstruction as caused by the exterior enclosure of the CSS. The CSS is simulated as a window above the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radiances-rendering-of-the-office-space-when-only-2rz4ms4z.png Figure 6 Radiance’s rendering of the office space when only one lighting fixture of each of the fourth row cubicles is illuminated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-general-numbering-convention-of-cubicles-and-1eg5w7si.png Figure 7 shows a schematic layout of a column of cubicles running from the window wall to the core space. The average desktop illuminance of a given cubicle space (with index c) is expressed as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-characteristics-of-the-simulated-css-and-2mfmx6kd.png Table 1 Physical characteristics of the simulated CSS and its calculated performance indices (Laouadi, 2010). Note that the LI, LT, ST and SHGC are calculated https://scispace.com/papers/the-enhancement-of-direct-amide-synthesis-reaction-rate-over-18aujovbuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-surface-area-sbet-specific-absorption-rate-1uac019i.png Table 2. Specific surface area (SBET), specific absorption rate (SAR), elemental analysis and catalytic activity data for the catalysts studied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-magnetic-and-catalytic-properties-of-27399b5q.png Table 1. Physical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of composite catalysts. https://scispace.com/papers/the-engagement-of-mature-distance-students-2ibx82kvb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-hierarchical-regression-with-satisfaction-2cyi8ecy.png Table 2. Summary of Hierarchical Regression with Satisfaction as the Dependent Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-hierarchical-regression-with-learning-as-2vgay2o5.png Table 3. Summary of Hierarchical Regression with Learning as the Dependent Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bivariate-correlations-pearsons-and-descriptive-vowhhls1.png Table 4. Bivariate Correlations (Pearsons) and Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-essentiality-of-dynamic-interfaces-in-human-environment-211b9ydz7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zinc-dynamics-over-the-day-as-an-example-of-an-jakprewt.png Figure 2. Zinc dynamics over the day as an example of an interface mediating the interaction between environmental inputs (zinc from diet, for example) and physiological systems (neurodevelopment, for example). This biodynamic interface constrains the amount of zinc assimilated from the environment and also how much is made available to the various physiological systems but does so in a time-dependent manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-biodynamic-interface-conjecture-interactions-1gwiztrw.png Figure 1. The Biodynamic Interface conjecture. Interactions between the environment and human physiology have been conceptualized as unidirectional (A) and bidirectional (B). We conjecture that complex systems cannot interact directly but do so via one or more interfaces which are composed of components from both the environment and human physiology, but are operationally independent (C). Such interfaces are dynamic (D). https://scispace.com/papers/the-environmental-impact-of-climate-change-adaptation-on-3zy5rmgm6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-impact-of-total-precipitation-mm-and-20eqpdxu.png Figure 1: Estimated impact of total precipitation (mm) and average temperature ( o C) during the growing season (April-September) on land use shares (% agricultural area) and beef cattle stocking rates (heads/ha) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-climate-change-adaptation-and-3baszc4j.png Figure 3: The impact of climate change adaptation and possible policy response https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-quality-models-37fwljip.png Table 1: Water quality models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-climate-change-ukcp09-medium-emission-q05jtiho.png Figure 2: Impact of climate change (UKCP09 medium emission, SRES A1 B scenario) for the 2020s, and 2040s on farm gross margin (£/ha) and river quality (NO3; P). https://scispace.com/papers/the-establishment-level-behavior-of-vacancies-and-hiring-5frr2neq5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-evaluating-a-as-a-function-of-the-job-filling-j2hkb6gv.png Figure A.1: Evaluating A as a Function of the Job-Filling Rate, f https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-cross-sectional-variance-decomposition-results-for-1h9tzs9m.png Table A.1. Cross-Sectional Variance Decomposition Results for the Gross Hires Rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-measures-of-inverse-market-tightness-january-2001-34f4tyqf.png Figure 1. Measures of Inverse Market Tightness, January 2001 to December 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-vacancies-over-establishments-cg9nngza.png Figure 2. Distribution of Vacancies over Establishments, Employment-Weighted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-index-of-recruiting-intensity-per-vacancy-january-3i187enz.png Figure 10. Index of Recruiting Intensity Per Vacancy, January 2001 to December 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-job-filling-rates-and-gross-hires-rates-by-growth-2p8jeme9.png Figure 9. Job-Filling Rates and Gross Hires Rates by Growth Rate Bin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-3-aggregate-job-filling-rate-measures-1976-to-2bk2sxbf.png Figure B.3. Aggregate Job-Filling Rate Measures, 1976 to 2011Q4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-4-the-distribution-of-vacancy-rates-across-2rma547n.png Figure B.4. The Distribution of Vacancy Rates across Establishments, EmploymentWeighted https://scispace.com/papers/the-eruption-of-a-small-scale-emerging-flux-rope-as-the-1f3vs186fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-small-satellite-sunspots-in-active-k2vjmhbx.png Figure 4. Evolution of small satellite sunspots in active region NOAA 12403. (a) The NST TiO image shows the appearance of the small satellite sunspots, indicated by the red arrows. (b) The corresponding HMI magnetogram. (c)–(e) The change in small satellite sunspots in TiO images. The change in penumbra between S2 and S3 is indicated by the blue arrows. The green circle is the position of the time slice. (f) Time-slice plot acquired along the circle marked by a green circle in Figure 4(c) and the green curved lines indicate the rotation of the penumbra filament around the center of sunspot S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-online-animation-of-the-nst-h-alpha-blue-wing-cxykwcp7.png Figure 10. Online animation of the NST H-alpha blue-wing, center, and red-wing images shown in Figure 5. The 6 s animation covers ∼2 hr from 16:25 to 18:35UT. (An animation of this figure is available.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-online-animation-of-the-evolution-of-small-279zekq2.png Figure 9. Online animation of the evolution of small satellite sunspots in active region NOAA 12403 with NST TiO as shown in Figure 4. The 16 s duration animation covers ∼4.5 hr from 16:26 to 20:50UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eruption-process-of-the-m-class-flare-a-d-g-and-j-191aq5d2.png Figure 5. Eruption process of the M-class flare. (a), (d), (g), and (j): the NST H-alpha blue-wing images acquired at −0.6 Å. (b), (e), (h), and (k): the NST H-alpha center images. (c), (f), (i), and (l): the NST H-alpha red-wing images acquired at +0.6 Å. The first-row images are overlaid by green (blue) contours representing positive (negative) polarity. The yellow arrows indicate the flux rope, and the red arrows indicate the small satellite sunspots. The green arrows indicate the small threads at the upper part of the flux rope, which erupt before the flux rope eruption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-online-animation-of-vector-magnetograms-observed-by-3nfu8694.png Figure 8. Online animation of vector magnetograms observed by SDO/HMI as shown in Figure 2. The 4 s duration animation covers 24 hr on 2015 August 24. (An animation of this figure is available.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-panel-full-disk-line-of-sight-magnetogram-3pgnacy7.png Figure 1. Left panel: full-disk line-of-sight magnetogram showing active region NOAA 12403 on the solar disk. Right panel: the following sunspots of the active region. The yellow box outlines the field of view of Figures 2 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-m-class-flare-and-cme-observed-in-sdo-304-a-and-171-3bbhuuc2.png Figure 6. M-class flare and CME observed in SDO 304 Å and 171 Å images, and SOHO/LASCO C2. The blue arrows indicate the plasma ejection from the active region, while the red arrows indicate the small coronal mass ejection after the flux rope eruption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-vector-magnetograms-the-magnetic-2a4ilb2t.png Figure 2. Evolution of the vector magnetograms, the magnetic structure of the NLFFF extrapolation, the electric current, and the Lorentz force. (a)–(d) Vector magnetograms observed by SDO/HMI. The red arrows indicate the small satellite sunspots. The white box shows the region used to calculate the magnetic flux, the free energy, the current, and the Lorentz force for this event. (e)–(h) The magnetic structure of NLFFF extrapolations. (i)–(l) The evolution of the current. The red and blue patches show the positive and negative current. The green and black lines outline the sunspots with positive and negative polarities, respectively. (m)–(p) The evolution of the Lorentz force. The red and blue patches show the upward and downward Lorentz force. The blue arrows show the directions of the transverse Lorentz force. https://scispace.com/papers/the-eu-s-climate-and-energy-package-environmental-36q8cpcse9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-package-by-the-numbers-3ly7wu9x.png Table 1: The Package by the numbers https://scispace.com/papers/the-european-ombudsman-a-resilient-institution-in-a-dvlnyk1r88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-framework-jlnpvzql.png Figure 1: Theoretical Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-core-elements-shaping-the-accountability-capacity-19kb24vz.png Figure 2: Core elements shaping the accountability capacity of the EO https://scispace.com/papers/the-event-generator-dpmjet-iii-at-cosmic-ray-energies-1l2uteide2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inelastic-particle-production-cross-section-for-proton-k8hfm4h5.png Fig. 4. Inelastic particle production cross section for proton-proton, pion-proton, proton-air and pion-air interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rapidity-distributions-of-negative-hadrons-in-central-2bb1n4is.png Fig. 3. Rapidity distributions of negative hadrons in central nuclear collisions at 200 GeV/nucleon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-particle-multiplicity-proton-proton-1rfwcud2.png Fig. 1. Average particle multiplicity proton-proton interactions. DPMJET-III results (curves) are compared to experimental data (symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transverse-momentum-distribution-of-negative-hadrons-2qhto9ei.png Fig. 2. Transverse momentum distribution of negative hadrons in proton-tungsten interactions 200 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-charged-particle-multiplicity-for-proton-pion-3jnypgtc.png Fig. 5. Average charged particle multiplicity for proton-, pion-, helium-, and iron-air interactions as function of the laboratory energyELab (in case of projectile nuclei in units of GeV/nucleon). In addition, the predictions of SIBYLL 1.7 and QGSJETare shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-transverse-momentum-of-charged-particles-in-cmomzd18.png Fig. 6. Average transverse momentum of charged particles in proton-air interactions. DPMJET-III results are compared to predictions of SIBYLL 1.7 and QGSJET. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-understanding-a-genetic-algorithm-model-of-4g66g41zd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-x6pg7fxh.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1g2ebo70.png Figure 6: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3dr54zh6.png Figure 7: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-o876c951.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uulhgjw4.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1bysua39.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strc8d4r.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3q7c40a5.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolutionary-ecology-of-circadian-rhythms-in-infection-3m69lzz0zv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-immune-challenge-during-the-rest-and-3obqe9vt.png Table 1. Impact of immune challenge during the rest and active phases of hosts. A selection of studies 535 identified as time-of-day immune challenges from PubMed searches for ““time of day” plus “immune and 536 infection” and ““circadian rhythm” plus “immune and infection”. Articles were included if the study involved a 537 time-of-day immune challenge; those without a time-of-day immune challenge were not included in the table. 538 Time-of-day (ToD) is given as hours since lights on (ZT) for organisms in entrainment conditions, and as 539 subjective day/night for those in constant light or dark conditions (i.e. corresponding to the light or dark portion 540 of the cycle before experiencing constant conditions). Unless otherwise stated, entrainment conditions are 12 541 hour light:dark. Outcomes of challenge in the rest phase (daytime for nocturnal organisms, nighttime for 542 diurnal organisms) are compared to challenge in the active phase in terms of virulence metrics and immune 543 effectors measured. 544 545 https://scispace.com/papers/the-expectation-hypothesis-of-the-term-structure-of-very-seqi4y2h8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unconstrained-vector-autoregression-var-dynamics-3gy1e0aw.png Table 3 Unconstrained vector autoregression (VAR) dynamics with homoskedastic innovations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-tests-of-the-expectations-hypothesis-eh-gxk5njnu.png Table 5 Statistical tests of the expectations hypothesis (EH) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-daily-repo-rates-2s58vutm.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for daily repo rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-constrained-vector-autoregression-var-dynamics-with-28zfst1u.png Table 4 Constrained vector autoregression (VAR) dynamics with homoskedastic innovations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-daily-treasury-bill-rates-9zd51u3u.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics for daily Treasury bill rates https://scispace.com/papers/the-experience-of-upper-limb-dysfunction-after-stroke-a-28e33nyy9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-themes-and-subordinate-themes-1xfqdb2h.png Table 3: Themes and subordinate themes https://scispace.com/papers/the-expenditure-impacts-of-individual-higher-education-2ulk7hzjj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-traditional-and-balanced-budget-output-impacts-of-1lsl54hd.png Figure 4. Traditional and balanced budget output impacts of Bell College disaggregated by sector (£m) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-aggregate-balanced-expenditure-multipliers-of-3d37fvit.png Figure 7 Aggregate balanced expenditure multipliers of Scottish HEIs (M AB i). [The darker area shows the institutional component (M B i) while the lighter shaded area shows the student consumption component (M BS i).] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aggregate-multipliers-of-scottish-heis-m-a-i-the-bswawd3g.png Figure 6 Aggregate multipliers of Scottish HEIs (M A i) the darker area shows the institutional component (the standard IO multiplier Mi) while the lighter shaded area shows the student consumption component (M S i) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-output-impact-type-ii-of-scottish-heis-expenditures-27pp30aj.png Figure 1 Output impact (Type-II) of Scottish HEIs expenditures, £m https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-characteristics-of-scottish-heis-199xj303.png Table 1 Key characteristics of Scottish HEIs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conventional-type-ii-output-multipliers-for-27k4b47b.png Figure 2 Conventional Type-II output multipliers for Scottish HEIs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conventional-type-ii-impacts-of-scottish-heis-in-46jw5odo.png Table 2 Conventional Type-II impacts of Scottish HEIs in 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-balanced-expenditure-multipliers-as-of-type-ii-1ar8g013.png Figure 5 Balanced expenditure multipliers (as % of type II output multiplier) against public funding as a percentage of total final demand for the HEI. https://scispace.com/papers/the-export-growth-of-pakistan-a-decomposition-analysis-gwavq0yxjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-7uqqkizr.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1j3s0n3m.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5nrxh9k3.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ranking-of-pakistani-exports-according-to-their-1uaenmwi.png Table 3 Ranking of Pakistani Exports According to their Shares in Total Exports https://scispace.com/papers/the-extended-he-ii-l4686-emitting-region-in-izw-18-unveiled-1hlifp9q48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emission-line-flux-maps-of-izw-18-maps-are-1cm963g4.png Figure 2. Emission-line flux maps of IZw 18. Maps are displayed in logarithmic scale and the fluxes are in units of erg s−1 cm−2; the area of each spaxel is 1 arcsec2 on the sky. Top row: Hα and He IIλ4686 maps. Middle row: for display purposes, the maps of Hα and He IIλ4686 are presented as color-filled contour plots and were smoothed using bilinear interpolation. Isocontours of the Hα emission line flux are shown overplotted for reference. Bottom row: [O I]λ6300 and [S II]λλ6717 + 6731 maps. The spaxels where we detect nebular He IIλ4686 are marked with pluses on the maps of Hα (top row), and [O I]λ6300 and [S II]λλ6717 + 6731 (bottom row). The spaxels with no measurements available are left blank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-composite-image-of-izw-18-blue-ha-from-2fyoxgu8.png Figure 1. Color-composite image of IZw 18 (blue = Hα from Palomar, green = far-UV/GALEX, red = SDSS r’). The box represents the FOV (16”×16”) of the PMAS spectrograph over the galaxy main body and the extended Hα halo. The PMAS FOV is centered on the coordinates R.A. (J2000.0) = 09h:34m:02s.2 and decl. (J2000.0) = +55°:14¢:25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-portion-4425-5100-a-of-the-integrated-spectrum-of-2hm9d4hn.png Figure 3. Portion (∼4425–5100 Å) of the integrated spectrum of the He IIλ4686-emitting region of IZw 18. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fabulous-tales-of-the-common-people-part-2-encountering-430j6bi663 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-latrine-at-housesteads-fort-with-interpretation-21cc56t6.png Figure 4. Latrine at Housesteads fort with interpretation panel. (Photo: author) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reconstruction-of-latrine-at-housesteads-fort-by-qklg3gp3.png Figure 5. Reconstruction of latrine at Housesteads fort by Ronald Embleton (from Graham 1988: 18) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pilgrims-on-the-thirteenth-decennial-hadrians-wall-u6fy6f8h.png Figure 3. Pilgrims on the Thirteenth Decennial Hadrian’s Wall Pilgrimage at Steel Rigg. (Photo: author) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modern-inscription-commemorating-the-reconstruction-3dk2wrx9.png Figure 7. Modern inscription commemorating the reconstruction of a section of stone curtain wall at Wallsend.(Photo: author) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sycamore-gap-viewed-from-the-south-the-stone-2my9gbkr.png Figure 1. Sycamore Gap viewed from the south. The stone curtain wall runs along the skyline from left (west) to right (east). (Photo: author) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sycamore-gap-viewed-from-the-national-trail-along-2vv7ifg2.png Figure 2. Sycamore Gap viewed from the National Trail along the stone curtain walI, looking east. (Photo: author) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reconstructed-bath-house-at-wallsend-with-remains-2wuoq3bk.png Figure 6. Reconstructed bath-house at Wallsend, with remains of barrack blocks in foreground. The structure is positioned immediately outside the (invisible) boundary of the World Heritage Site. (Photo: author) https://scispace.com/papers/the-extreme-hosts-of-extreme-supernovae-8elnpt1127 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-galex-fuv-nuv-psuedo-three-color-images-left-panels-1p148yxq.png Figure 1. GALEX FUV/NUV psuedo-three color images (left panels) and SDSS images (right panels) of the detected hosts of the extreme supernovae. Each panel is one arcminute across. The red diamond marks the location of the supernova. The real host of SN2005ap is blended with a nearby galaxy (see Quimby et al. 2007), so the GALEX images were used to determine an upper limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-specific-star-formation-rate-as-a-function-of-2ebhbk4o.png Figure 3. Specific star formation rate as a function of stellar mass for the LSN hosts with a selection of the LSNe labeled to avoid confusion due to overlap. The better constrained hosts have thicker error bars. The contours represent the density of the larger sample of galaxies from the GALEX–SDSS cross-match in Wyder et al. (2007; see Figure 2). The LMC is plotted for reference using values from Westerlund (1997) and Harris & Zaritsky (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-luminous-sn-host-derived-properties-bhwk4j1j.png Table 2 Luminous SN Host Derived Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-galaxy-cmd-with-hosts-of-extreme-sne-indicated-the-2if4ee5l.png Figure 2. Galaxy CMD with hosts of extreme SNe indicated. The contours represent the density of galaxies from the GALEX–SDSS cross-match in Wyder et al. (2007) using photometry that is corrected for Milky Way extinction, K-corrected to a redshift of z = 0.1 (see the text), but uncorrected for internal extinction. The arrows indicate limiting magnitudes derived from existing image data. The arrows pointing right limit the host position to a half-plane to the right of the plotted point. The arrows pointing up limit the color to redward of the plotted point. The double arrows for the host of PTF09cnd limit it to a quarterplane fainter in Mr and blueward of the plotted point. The blue histogram plots the CC SN host Mr distribution from Arcavi et al. (2010) referring to the right axis. The vertical dashed line is the demarcation between “giant” and “dwarf” host galaxies used in that study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-luminous-sn-host-photometry-48g4iur5.png Table 1 Luminous SN Host Photometry https://scispace.com/papers/the-face-of-the-party-leadership-personalisation-in-british-3q9kr2g8c6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-we-present-the-marginal-effect-of-minimum-maximum-150t911d.png Table 3, we present the marginal effect of minimum/maximum change in each of the variables on the probability that a leaflet will contain a photograph of the party leader. An SNP leaflet is 36 percentage points more likely to include a photograph of the leader than a communication from a Labour party elite, while communications from the Conservatives and the Greens are 25 percentage points more likely to include such an image. For the parties with the least popular leaders – i.e., UKIP, Labour, and the Liberal Democrats – there are no meaningful differences in the likelihood that leader’s photograph would appear in the election communications. Taken together, the predicted values and the model fit statistics indicate that party-level differences account for most of the variation in – and are the strongest predictors of – leader personalisation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-factor-structure-of-the-childhood-anxiety-sensitivity-494um7wite 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-studies-conducting-factor-analysis-of-3fwgk1vz.png Table 1 Overview of studies conducting factor analysis of the CASI _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Authors Sample Factor model Items Label ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chorpita et al. nonclinic sample 2 f.-o. f. 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18 CASI-autonomic scale (2000) N = 228; 7–17 years 1, 2, 5, 12, 13, 17 CASI-nonautonomic scale https://scispace.com/papers/the-federal-reserve-s-tools-for-policy-normalization-in-a-shdmp7e6e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-basis-points-change-in-endogenous-rates-for-10-bps-19i2ekwh.png Table 4 - Basis points change in endogenous rates for 10 bps change in IOER or ON RRP rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-basis-points-change-in-endogenous-rates-for-10-bps-teyutt7n.png Table 3 - Basis points change in endogenous rates for 10 bps change in IOER rate (IOER increase from 25bp to 35bp) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-basis-points-change-in-endogenous-rates-for-10-basis-2l0w0y63.png Table 8 - Basis Points change in endogenous rates for 10 basis points change in IOER or term deposit rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reports-the-asset-allocations-for-this-scenario-3pyh1lqy.png Table 5 reports the asset allocations for this scenario. Households and financial firms respond to the introduction of the ON RRP facility in a way that results in a restructuring of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet. After the introduction of the ON RRP facility, a significant portion of Federal Reserve liabilities (more than 15 percent) is in the form of ON RRPs rather than reserve balances. 14 The household sector (money funds) and GSEs account for almost all of the participation in the Federal Reserve’s ON RRP facility, and households reduce their holdings of deposits, repo, agency debt and securities. With a 10 basis point spread between IOER and the ON RRP rate, the size of the federal funds market falls relative to the base case. As shown in second row of Table 2, money market yields in this case rise appreciably relative to the base case. Some observers have suggested that the IOER-ON RRP rate spread should be zero at lift off, with the IOER and ON RRP rates both set at 25 basis points (see Gagnon and Sack (2014)). As shown in row 3 of table 2, relative to the base case, the increase in the ON RRP rate pushes money market rates up. However, these settings do not result in a hard floor on the level of money market rates. As reported in Table 6, an even larger portion of the Federal Reserve’s liabilities takes the form of ON RRP. Relative to the base case, as shown in figures 3 and 4 respectively, the size of bank balance sheets declines by about 4 percent and volume in the federal funds market declines by about 70 percent. The continued existence of a federal funds market in this scenario reflects the fact that banks have preferences over the amount of borrowing they wish to conduct in the federal funds market and GSEs likewise have preferences over their volume of lending in this market. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-basis-points-change-in-endogenous-rates-for-10-25c4ke51.png Table 10 - Basis Points change in endogenous rates for 10 basis points change in Fed administered rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-reports-how-market-rates-will-move-with-changes-in-12zfwsy5.png Table 8 - Basis Points change in endogenous rates for 10 basis points change in IOER or term deposit rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1m092nzl.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-q5qs8p1q.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-fernbank-interglacial-site-near-ithaca-new-york-usa-306hyejbj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molluscs-from-fernbank-new-york-10o0isso.png Table 1 Molluscs from Fernbank, New York. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fossil-pollen-and-reconstructed-climate-values-from-19t8j24j.png Figure 4. Fossil pollen and reconstructed climate values from the 1988 section. Modern climate values for nearby Ithaca are for mean July temperature, 20.3°C, and for mean annual precipitation, 899 mm. Other tree pollen includes rare grains of Juglans cinerea, Carya, Platanus, Celtis, Morus and Liquidambar. Other shrub pollen includes rare grains of Shepherdia argentea, S. canadensis, Corylus, Sarcobatus, and Vitis. Other herbs include rare pollen grains of Thalictrum, Poaceae, Artemisia, Iva annua, Tubuliflorae pp, Chenopodiineae, Humulus, Arceuthobium, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, and Nuphar. Other ferns include rare spores of Osmunda, Adiantum, Botrychium, Pteridium, Lycopodium, Sphagnum, and Selaginella selaginoides. There were a few pre-Quaternary spores. Pollen and spore counts are deposited in the North American Pollen Database (J.H. McAndrews). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-the-location-of-the-fernbank-2qwjrlmn.png Figure 1. Map showing the location of the Fernbank interglacial site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stratigraphy-of-the-f-2mgl3vk0.png Figure 3. Stratigraphy of the F https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sampling-arrangements-for-the-fossiliferous-zone-at-263zmm0f.png Figure 2. Sampling arrangements for the fossiliferous zone at Fernbank, 1988. Circled numbers are the general samples and circled letters are the mollusc samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selected-macrofossils-from-the-fernbank-1988-1v7ri39k.png Figure 6. Selected macrofossils from the Fernbank 1988 stratigraphy found per 1000 ml sediment each (complete macrofossil data available on request from J.N. Haas). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-charcoal-n1-mm-determination-at-fernbank-new-york-3ddi0c1l.png Table 3 Charcoal (N1 mm) determination at Fernbank, New York 1988 samples (A.G. Heiss). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-of-subfossil-seeds-and-fruits-found-at-d9mpun9j.png Figure 7. Examples of subfossil seeds and fruits found at Fernbank. From left to right: Euphorbia vermiculata seed, Alnus rugosa fruit, Rorippa islandica seed and Najas flexilis seeds. Determination and photos J.N. Haas. https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-poverty-line-davies-and-eden-s-investigation-of-f68jgpqxrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equivalence-scales-for-davies-wheat-bread-and-12nvrfmf.png Table 1: Equivalence scales for Davies ‘wheat bread’ and ‘tolerable comfort’ standards (d per week) at 1787 prices and needs of a couple = 100 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-estimated-parameters-for-engel-food-share-1rrg78ai.png Table 2: OLS Estimated Parameters for Engel Food Share Equation. (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-of-male-adult-weekly-earnings-d-3am7epub.png Figure 3: The distribution of male adult weekly earnings (d per week) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ols-regression-results-for-davies-standard-of-27v1lscc.png Table 5: OLS regression results for Davies’ standard of tolerable comfort https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-distribution-of-the-gap-between-household-1u1gcx0r.png Fig 2: Frequency distribution of the gap between household earnings and Davies’ standard of ‘tolerable comfort’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frequency-distribution-of-childrens-earnings-d-per-391nz6ig.png Figure 4: Frequency distribution of children’s earnings (d per week) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-equivalence-scale-and-child-costs-from-33zn2vi1.png Table 3: Estimated Equivalence Scale and Child Costs from Eden and Davies budgets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-childrens-earnings-and-age-of-first-child-d-per-3vlfi6iz.png Figure 5: Children’s earnings and age of first child (d per week) https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-steps-toward-a-global-pandemic-reconstructing-the-1unq7jsowc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multiple-jumps-to-a-mellifera-and-isolation-with-og3u30hr.png Figure 3: Multiple jumps to A. mellifera and isolation with migration likely allowed V. destructor and V. jacobsoni to successfully switch hosts and persist. Graphical illustration of the inferred scenario with mean parameter estimates in bold and associated 95% confidence interval in [light gray] with isolation with bidirectional https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-for-the-most-likely-demographic-15og05ob.png Table 2: Parameter estimates for the most likely demographic scenarios with isolation with migration and population expansion for each species jump. As stated in fastsimcoal2 manual, these upper-bound priors indicated with an asterisk were https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mitogenomic-phylogeographic-networks-uncover-wfr883s8.png Figure 1: Mitogenomic phylogeographic networks uncover cryptic diversity in host-switched lineages. Both mite species exhibit geographic structure on their original https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-varroa-specimens-used-for-population-genomics-were-3mwacnpw.png Table 1: Varroa specimens used for population genomics were collected from their native range across 11 countries, both on their original or new honey bee https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-loss-of-genetic-diversity-and-rapid-genomic-3jtpo7pr.png Figure 2: Loss of genetic diversity and rapid genomic differentiation occurred in https://scispace.com/papers/the-fuel-cell-model-of-abiogenesis-a-new-approach-to-origin-a3gbxg0jpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alkaline-hydrothermal-vent-on-the-early-earth-smtufu3u.png Figure 1: Alkaline hydrothermal vent on the early Earth modeled as a membrane fuel cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-esem-images-of-iron-sulfide-membrane-precipitates-2fqqbfu3.png Figure 6: ESEM images of iron sulfide membrane precipitates on different membrane templates: (A) dialysis tubing and (B) carbon cloth (the cylinders are carbon fibers). ESEM images were obtained using a voltage of 20 kV and a working distance of 10 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-current-voltage-characteristics-of-an-iron-sulfide-251f282k.png Figure 7: Current/voltage characteristics of an iron sulfide precipitate membrane. The membrane was formed at the interface between simulated Hadean ocean and alkaline hydrothermal solutions, then these solutions were removed and replaced with 0.1 M NaCl. Voltages are measured relative to a rest potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-pem-fuel-cell-test-rig-at-university-of-leeds-b-1n63y0xk.png Figure 5: (A) PEM fuel cell test-rig at University of Leeds. (B) Close-up of complete MEA fuel cell assembly with the anodic surface in the foreground connected to dihydrogen inlet and outlet supply. The cathodic reverse side is supplied with air, within which dioxygen acts as ultimate electron acceptor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sem-image-secondary-electron-of-shavings-from-the-2fo8w7xc.png Figure 4. (A) SEM image (secondary electron) of shavings from the type IAB-sLL Toluca meteorite with mean composition of 91% Fe and 8.1% Ni. (B) Energy dispersive mapping spectrum (EDS) on the same course-grained meteorite sample with lemental color identification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-open-circuit-voltage-upper-and-polarization-i-v-l4ewkjkp.png Figure 9. Open circuit voltage (upper) and polarization (I/V) curves of the Toluca MEA fuel cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-outline-of-pem-fuel-cell-sub-system-construction-wczaj1wn.png Figure 3: Outline of PEM fuel cell sub-system construction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-precipitation-of-fe-s-membrane-between-two-3oppkdi5.png Figure 2: (A) Precipitation of Fe/S membrane between two interfacing solutions in a glass fuel cell apparatus. The reservoirs represent the Hadean oceanand alkaline hydrothermal fluid, and they are separated by a synthetic porous separator that allows ion contact but not solution mixing. (B) Fe/S membrane precipitated on dialysis membrane (precipitate area ~ 4.9 cm2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-gap-between-behavioral-risk-status-and-willingness-to-1ocsfyx76t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mui198mp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-14ul590q.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-gaussian-approximation-in-soft-detection-for-molecular-1aioggidr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-versus-a0-a1-for-a0-22molecules-um3-a1-20molecules-tzj20ntb.png Fig. 3. BER versus a0 − a1 for a0 = 22molecules/µm3, a1 = 20molecules/µm3, V = 10µm3, Pob(td) = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-quadratic-function-l-yi-ui-red-1vb4t3st.png Fig. 2. Comparison between the quadratic function L(yi|ui) (red) and the linearized Ll(yi|ui) (blue stars) for a0 = 22molecules/µm3, a1 = 20molecules/µm3, V = 10µm3, Pob(td) = 0.1. utilized to represent the chemical reaction noise. In this paper, in place of more general formulations based on the chemical master equation [20], or the τ -leaping approximate stochastic method [5], which, similarly to the diffusion noise, is based on a Poisson counting process, we make use of the Chemical Langevin Equation (CLE) [7] formulation. For this, we can rewrite the biological circuit model expressed in Section II-B through the RREs by adding the noise contribution as a Gaussian Process [7], as detailed in the following. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-system-for-mc-soft-detection-via-2reg67rk.png Fig. 1. Schematic of a system for MC soft detection via biological circuits. https://scispace.com/papers/the-genesis-of-top-management-team-diversity-selective-1l3evlq6j4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distance-from-teama-1qyrh6xt.png FIGURE 2 Distance from Teama https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-ols-regression-analysis-of-entrants-22xf6c2n.png TABLE 3 Results of OLS Regression Analysis of Entrants’ Demographic Distance from Incumbent Team Membersa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-big-five-dutch-1k52ih7f.png TABLE 1 Descriptive Statistics of the Big Five Dutch Publishers in Five-Year Periodsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interactive-effect-of-team-power-and-competitive-c6ytfec4.png FIGURE 3 Interactive Effect of Team Power and Competitive Intensity on Entrant Distance from a Team https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-entering-top-management-3qsk6ydb.png TABLE 2 Descriptive Statistics for Entering Top Management Team Membersa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interactive-effect-of-demographic-distance-and-firm-3key4xm2.png FIGURE 4 Interactive Effect of Demographic Distance and Firm Diversification on the Hazard of Exit https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-exponential-hazard-models-of-exits-from-wuxsfr4n.png TABLE 5 Results of Exponential Hazard Models of Exits from Top Management Teamsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pattern-of-top-team-member-entry-and-exit-1pd8s4s8.png FIGURE 1 Pattern of Top Team Member Entry and Exit https://scispace.com/papers/the-genetic-legacy-of-lower-sea-levels-does-the-confluence-1phi27x77n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-agulhas-bank-region-of-the-southern-coast-1c69t3yi.png Fig. 1 Map of the Agulhas Bank region of the southern coast of South Africa where P. burchelli samples were collected (Breede lineage = blue circles; Heuningnes lineage = red circle; Tradou lineage = green circles). Currently isolated river systems and possible LGM palaeoriver courses based on the geological literature (solid lines according to Dingle and Rogers (1972) o r dashed lines based on the available bathymetry) are also shown. Insert maps show the Tradouw catchment with collection localities and the position of the study area in relation to South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-combined-control-region-and-cytochrome-3a0rv476.png Table 2 Frequency of combined control region and cytochrome b haplotypes among sampled localities of the Breede, Heuningnes and Tradou lineages of P. burchelli https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chronogram-with-estimates-of-divergence-times-ma-of-p-91jdje8c.png Fig. 3 Chronogram with estimates of divergence times (Ma) of P. burchelli lineages using Bayesian coalescent analyses as implemented in BEAST. Mean divergence dates for the in-group lineages are shown above the major divergent nodes. Node bars represent 95% highest posterior densities for divergence estimates. Solid circles represent posterior proba-bility values greater or equal to 0.95 and the open circle represents a value less than 0.95 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-likelihood-tree-based-on-combined-control-158a7sdk.png Fig. 2 Maximum likelihood tree based on combined control region and cytochrome b sequences showing relationships among the Breede (blue), Heuningnes (red) and Tradou (green) lineages of P. burchelli. Haplotype numbers (regular text) and Bayesian posterior probability values (italic text) are also shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gene-d-and-nucleotide-p-diversity-of-the-breede-3nj6wcg3.png Table 3 Gene (d) and nucleotide (p) diversity of the Breede, Heuningnes and Tradou lineages of P. burchelli for control region, cytochrome b and combined control region and cytochrome b sequences https://scispace.com/papers/the-genetics-of-neurodevelopmental-disease-dkxox7dakc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3t8q0lvo.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1xddcfql.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-geography-of-british-exports-country-level-versus-firm-21vpxf3e88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-degree-of-regionalization-based-on-five-sales-rxpoyyof.png Figure 1 Degree of regionalization based on five sales metrics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-regional-distribution-of-gdp-and-trade-flows-3ya2jvzm.png Table 1 The regional distribution of GDP and trade flows, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regional-distribution-and-organizational-2lujiobf.png Table 4 Regional distribution and organizational characteristics of UK Exporters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geographic-orientation-according-to-rugman-and-1w85gv7q.png Table 3 Geographic orientation according to Rugman and Verbeke’s (2004) classification (based on F/T sales) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geographic-orientation-according-to-rugman-and-28dkccdq.png Table 2 Geographic orientation according to Rugman and Verbeke’s (2004) classification (based on R/T sales) https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-food-crisis-and-guatemala-what-crisis-and-for-40ewkxmkfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-food-dependency-in-guatemala-obezewzj.png Figure 2. Food dependency in Guatemala https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-of-consumption-per-capita-by-sector-of-9fo3krx8.png Figure 3. Density of consumption per capita by sector of residence and farm size https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-changes-in-domestic-and-international-1sxfmz1r.png Table 1. Percentage changes in domestic and international prices and import dependency https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-share-of-household-types-and-poverty-rates-1lqh0gsp.png Table 2. Share of household types and poverty rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-welfare-effects-of-staple-food-price-changes-by-jfnunjkb.png Table 6. Welfare effects of staple food price changes, by sector of residence and farm size: domestic price simulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulated-effects-of-staple-food-price-changes-on-3trxmu9g.png Table 5. Simulated effects of staple food price changes on poverty, by sector of residence and farm size https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-share-of-farmers-among-poor-losers-from-the-rise-in-25c7zoev.png Table 12. Share of farmers among poor losers from the rise in staple food prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-medium-term-welfare-effects-of-staple-food-price-33nurndv.png Table 10. Medium term welfare effects of staple food price changes, with supply and demand responses, by residence and farm size https://scispace.com/papers/the-global-impacts-of-farm-policy-reforms-in-organization-4eecjz0j9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mapping-2000-domestic-subsidies-from-oecd-pse-data-2bdygi9f.png Table 1 – Mapping 2000 domestic subsidies from OECD PSE data into WTO “colors” and CGE model, by program name https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-agricultural-policy-reform-on-u-s-japan-2tu9hmxa.png Table 3 – Effects of agricultural policy reform on U.S., Japan and EU agriculture (% change from base) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modeling-the-effects-of-domestic-subsidies-on-6xgl5wlg.png Table 2 – Modeling the effects of domestic subsidies on agricultural production and farm program costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-u-s-sectoral-price-support-payments-in-response-to-3f54ls0a.png Table 4 – U.S. sectoral price support payments in response to policy reforms in other OECD countries ($billion) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-eu-sectoral-export-subsidy-rates-in-response-to-jfomtaei.png Table 5 – EU sectoral export subsidy rates in response to policy reforms in other OECD countries https://scispace.com/papers/the-globalization-welfare-state-nexus-reconsidered-4lc5h15joe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b12-regression-results-3m03togn.png Table B12: Regression Results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b17-marginal-effects-min-and-max-globalization-and-2rw1qhpl.png Table B17: Marginal effects (min and max). Globalization and real GDP per capita interacted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b19-regression-results-10ur5zfq.png Table B19: Regression Results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-size-of-government-and-kof-index-of-economic-3ixleb03.png Figure 4: Size of government and KOF index of economic globalization 1970-2004 (five year averages). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-size-of-government-and-overall-kof-index-of-b33cduvx.png Figure 3: Size of government and overall KOF index of globalization 1970-2004 (five year averages). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b12-price-level-of-government-divided-by-price-level-34xgbl19.png Figure B12: Price level of Government divided by price level of GDP and KOF index of political globalization 1970-2004 (five year averages). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b11-price-level-of-government-divided-by-price-level-2numkrkz.png Figure B11: Price level of Government divided by price level of GDP and KOF index of social globalization 1970-2004 (five year averages). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-government-expenditures-as-a-share-of-gdp-cg-260oburl.png Figure 1: Government expenditures as a share of GDP (CG measure). 186 countries. 1970-2003. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gold-price-in-times-of-crisis-4l7hrsyeh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gold-demand-9zd5psrm.png Figure 1: Gold Demand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gold-price-and-fundamental-factors-3vsuq6x1.png Figure 2: Gold Price and Fundamental Factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gold-price-fitted-value-and-residual-smoothed-and-2entwlzs.png Figure 3: Gold Price, Fitted Value, and Residual – Smoothed and Filter Probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3faqifyq.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-great-east-japan-earthquake-tsunami-and-nuclear-meltdown-21epm9dqpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-actual-1950-2000-estimated-2010-and-projected-2020-1f523i1c.png Figure 1: Actual (1950-2000), Estimated (2010), and Projected (2020+) Populations of Japan by Age Group (left hand scale, in millions), and Total Population and Labour Force (right hand scale, in millions). https://scispace.com/papers/the-hanging-hanged-patient-and-relevance-to-pre-hospital-4sfdtuigfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-15n30nhk.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ae6czu5d.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1xig5coc.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-health-and-well-being-of-indigenous-drug-and-alcohol-271rtwhsrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-scores-on-work-factors-and-work-outcomes-for-147z08m0.png Table 3 Mean scores on work factors and work outcomes for respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-standard-multiple-regression-models-predictor-work-l1t1242d.png Table 4 Standard multiple regression models: Predictor work variables of emotional exhaustion, mental health and well-being, and job satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hierarchical-multiple-regression-model-predictor-1h8dqb2k.png Table 5 Hierarchical multiple regression model: Predictor variables of turnover intention. https://scispace.com/papers/the-heterogeneous-impact-of-pension-income-on-elderly-living-4gfrdxos1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-the-nrps-on-independent-living-for-the-2iqhhtx7.png Table 3 Effect of the NRPS on Independent Living for the Rural Elderly https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tests-of-the-validity-of-the-identification-3x1ruzar.png Table 4 Tests of the Validity of the Identification Assumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-the-nrps-on-independent-living-by-eoqroxiw.png Table 5 Effects of the NRPS on Independent Living by Population Groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-of-elderly-living-independently-in-rural-2a8b5xjl.png Figure 1 Fraction of Elderly Living Independently in Rural China (adjusted for sampling weight) Source: the CLHLS from 1998 to 2011/12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-10mzor1n.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-the-nrps-on-independent-living-for-the-yunur8mh.png Table 6 Effect of the NRPS on Independent Living for the Deceased Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-for-the-nrps-enrollment-decision-and-2lcwf0li.png Table 2 Estimation for the NRPS Enrollment Decision and Pension Income https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-difference-between-the-attrited-and-non-attrited-1dnbkf53.png Table 7 Difference between the Attrited and Non-Attrited Samples https://scispace.com/papers/the-high-pressure-electronic-structure-of-the-ni-ptdt-2-9fhl2yipb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-intermolecular-contacts-experimental-values-at-3ft8d9ch.png TABLE II. Intermolecular contacts: experimental values at ambient pressure and 296 K (Kobayashi et al.15) and theoretically derived values. All values are quoted in Angstroms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-crystal-structure-of-the-ni-ptdt-2-molecular-20rl1iww.png FIG. 2. The crystal structure of the [Ni(ptdt)2] molecular conductor. The upper image shows how molecules stack along the [100] direction, while the lower image shows the transverse overlaps that occur along the [010] direction. The colour code used is as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electronic-band-structure-of-ni-ptdt-2-at-ambient-1qi0k43l.png FIG. 3. Electronic band structure of [Ni(ptdt)2] at ambient pressure. The zero of energy (for all band structure plots in this work) has been chosen to be the Fermi energy, which is denoted by a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-partial-density-of-states-pdos-of-ni-ptdt-2-as-x5ew4ov6.png FIG. 8. Partial density of states (PDOS) of [Ni(ptdt)2] as determined at 22 GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-partial-density-of-states-pdos-of-ni-ptdt-2-as-1exvcu2w.png FIG. 4. Partial density of states (PDOS) of [Ni(ptdt)2] as determined at ambient pressure. The zero of energy (for all pdos plots in this work) has been chosen to be the Fermi energy, which is denoted by a dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-partial-density-of-states-pdos-of-ni-ptdt-2-as-3mgrw6hb.png FIG. 5. Partial density of states (PDOS) of [Ni(ptdt)2] as determined at ambient pressure. In (a) the contribution from carbon atoms is shown, while in (b) we illustrate the contribution from sulphur atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-evolution-of-the-electronic-band-structure-of-ni-1zmyg7oi.png FIG. 6. The evolution of the electronic band structure of [Ni(ptdt)2] under pressure. In (a) we present the result for 8 GPa, (b) 19.8 GPa, (c) 20.7 GPa, and in (d) 22 GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-partial-density-of-states-pdos-of-ni-ptdt-2-as-19urqxfg.png FIG. 7. Partial density of states (PDOS) of [Ni(ptdt)2] as determined at 8 GPa. https://scispace.com/papers/the-high-resolution-wave-propagation-method-applied-to-meso-mzu3y8si64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transport-of-smooth-density-distribution-2qmhbsxa.png Table 2: Transport of Smooth Density Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-density-current-the-potential-temperature-3w3b29ha.png Figure 9. Density Current. The potential temperature perturbation field (K) at time = 900s. The contour values shown in the figure are from -9K to 0K. The Mesh size = 500 x 128 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transport-of-density-distribution-the-computed-31d95fi1.png Figure 4. Transport of Density Distribution. The computed density distribution (kg/m3) at time = 0.5s is shown in the left panel and the comparison of the computed solution with the analytical solution along the mesh diagonal at time = 0.5s is shown in the right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-density-current-the-initial-potential-perturbation-25vnt4z1.png Figure 8. Density Current. The initial potential perturbation field (K) is shown in the figure. The field minimum = -16.6K and the maximum = 0K. Mesh size = 500 x 128 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rayleigh-taylor-instability-the-initial-density-3crl1utk.png Figure 5. Rayleigh-Taylor Instability. The initial density field (top left panel); density field at 1s (top right panel); at 2s (bottom left panel); and at 2.5s (bottom right panel). Mesh size = 256 x 512 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stationary-isentropic-vortex-a3eh0utg.png Table 1: Stationary Isentropic Vortex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inertia-gravity-waves-the-initial-potential-338wdai3.png Figure 6. Inertia Gravity Waves. The initial potential perturbation field (K) is shown in the figure. The field minimum = 0K and the maximum = 0.01K. Mesh size = 300 x 200 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-inertia-gravity-waves-the-potential-temperature-zq4elccf.png Figure 7. Inertia Gravity Waves. The potential temperature perturbation field (K) at time = 3000s. The field minimum = -0.00141K and the maximum = 0.00283K. Mesh size = 300 x 200 cells. https://scispace.com/papers/the-higgs-program-and-open-questions-in-particle-physics-and-3s96o4gwp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-precision-on-gh-for-the-following-e-e-colliders-9gp2xt31.png Table III: Precision on Γh for the following e +e− colliders: CLIC [16], CEPC [7], ILC [6] and FCCee [8]. Also shown is the method used to determine the width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-currently-allowed-experimental-ranges-for-the-2fbiofik.png Figure 1: The currently allowed experimental ranges for the Higgs couplings. For the Yukawa couplings, we present κfmf/v. For the coupling to the electroweak vector bosons, we present √ κV mV /v. The SM prediction is presented by the diagonal solid line. (Keith Ellis, private communication.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-summary-of-the-reach-on-lhhh-for-various-collider-duearfcq.png Table X: Summary of the reach on λhhh for various collider options. Given are the collider, the center-of-mass energy, the integrated luminosity and the precision that is expected to be achieved on λhhh. For all colliders, except FCCee, it is based on di-Higgs measurements. For FCCee it is based on the √ s dependence of higher order corrections to the Zh cross section. In all cases, the luminosity quoted is that of the sum of the experiments. The values correspond to the luminosities given in Sec. II https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-a-list-of-interesting-theoretical-questions-and-a-1spx89c3.png Table XI: A list of interesting theoretical questions, and a partial list of observables that are most relevant to making progress on these questions. κ3 (κℓ) stands for third (first or second) generation couplings. µ4f stands for the processes h → SS → f1f1f2f2. For more details, see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-precision-on-the-dominant-higgs-production-cross-2a7jhzdj.png Table IV: Precision on the dominant Higgs production cross sections for the following e+e− colliders: CLIC [16], CEPC [7], ILC [17] and FCCee. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-experimental-status-of-measurements-that-depend-39zdrzxl.png Table VIII: Experimental status of measurements that depend on off-diagonal Yukawa couplings (assuming SM production rates). The LHC t → qh measurements are based on 36.1 fb−1. For FCChh the range quoted for t → qh reflects the size of the systematic uncertainty on the background of (0-5)%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-experimental-status-and-future-projections-of-the-3kq9ks1d.png Table VII: Experimental status and future projections of the diagonal Yukawa couplings yf , and the accuracy estimated for future experiments in %. The accuracy quoted for future experiments is based on combining those data with the HL-LHC, except for CLIC and FCC240 where only the accuracy of the future collider is stated. Upper bounds are given at 95% confidence level. The first line in each row shows the CMS result and the second line the ATLAS result. In both cases, a BSM contribution is allowed, the γγ and gg loop processes are treated with effective couplings, and the Zγ process is resolved. For the e+e− colliders, the same assumptions on the loops are made when using the so-called κ-framework. For LHC and HL-LHC [27] , BRBSM = 0 is assumed. For ILC an EFT fit is used to extract the values and the values are combined with HL-LHC [6]. For all other colliders the κ-fit results are quoted from Refs, [7, 8, 37, 39] and no combination with HL-LHC is made. All upper limits are given at 95% C.L.. For the FCC-ee, an upper limit of 1.6 can be set on ye/y SM e if one year of running at √ s ≈ mh is performed. When no value is available in the literature, a − is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-summary-of-the-reach-on-x-for-various-collider-1lrc4ihk.png Table IX: Summary of the reach on ξ for various collider options, based on Ref. [53] but updated using the recent projections on the κV sensitivity. See discussion in Section VB. https://scispace.com/papers/the-hough-transform-and-the-impact-of-chronic-leukemia-on-aiaeo80vm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recognition-of-the-inner-and-outer-profiles-of-a-1akssezb.png Fig. 2 Recognition of the inner and outer profiles of a sternum. Left panel: Original X-ray CT image with focus on the portion of interest. Right panel: Curves of Lamet (red lines), equation (3), providing the best approximation of the outer (a = 2.025, b = 0.141) and inner (a = 1.670, b = 0.011) sternum profiles superimposed to the original image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-computation-of-the-trabecular-bone-area-ain-and-the-3urp4zzn.png Fig. 6 Computation of the trabecular bone area (Ain) and the whole bone area (Aout) in a slice of a femur. Left panel: Ground truth, i.e., manually drawn profiles within the OsiriX software package (AGTin = 1.99 cm 2, AGTout = 5.38 cm 2). Middle panel: Active contours/thresholding segmentation (AACTin = 2.31 cm 2, AACTout = 5.48 cm 2). Right panel: Hough transform by using ellipses (AHTin = 1.88 cm2, AHTout = 5.43 cm 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-appendicular-skeleton-3d-left-panel-and-an-axial-view-1nuvxc8n.png Fig. 4 Appendicular skeleton: 3D (left panel) and an axial view (right panel) of the leg bones. In the axial view the compact bone of the femurs (white areas) is clearly visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-recognition-of-the-inner-and-outer-profiles-of-a-2bd0cyo5.png Fig. 5 Recognition of the inner and outer profiles of a humerus. Left panel: Original X-ray CT image with focus on the portion of interest. Right panel: Ellipses, of equation (5), providing the best approximation of the outer and inner profiles superimposed to the original image. Outer ellipse: λ1 = −0.102, λ2 = 0.941, λ3 = 0.014, λ4 = 0.146, λ5 = −2.629, values leading to a = 1.7 and b = 1.6 by using relations (7). Inner ellipse: λ1 = 0, λ2 = 1, λ3 = 0.098, λ4 = 0.144, λ5 = −0.802, values leading to a = b = 0.9 by using relations (7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-kaplan-meier-curves-for-the-two-groups-of-subjects-6gv0xgdy.png Fig. 8 Kaplan–Meier curves for the two groups of subjects defined on the basis of the median value of their Ra parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-dead-patients-black-triangles-survived-7eeqfpnk.png Fig. 7 Distribution of dead patients (black triangles), survived patient (red circle) and controls (green crosses) in terms of the values R (s)a , R (s) b and R (s) ab in A3(Ra,Rb ,Rab ) (R), s = 1, . . . , 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-and-maximum-number-of-slices-corresponding-2z16dmsm.png Table 1 Minimum and maximum number of slices, corresponding to each appendicular bone in a dataset of images from whole-body CT scanning of sixteen subjects differing for age and sex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-numbers-of-points-of-interest-and-corresponding-kryleaoc.png Table 2 Mean numbers of points of interest, and corresponding standard deviation values, extracted by the edge detection step from the inner and outer bone contours, for each appendicular bone. https://scispace.com/papers/the-how-and-why-of-plant-related-fatalities-in-the-1rki0tvkx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-of-decedents-33rev7p0.png Figure 2: Age of decedents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incident-causes-28292rn8.png Table 2: Incident causes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-cases-by-time-of-occurrence-1l1lmvxf.png Figure 4: Number of cases by time of occurrence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-type-of-plant-25g3r378.png Figure 5: Type of plant https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-of-incident-by-type-of-plant-39aa8ots.png Table 1: Type of incident by type of plant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-occupation-of-decedents-3o5uv6u4.png Figure 3: Occupation of decedents https://scispace.com/papers/the-homeostasis-protocol-avoiding-transaction-coordination-3yqg4z0xeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-latency-with-the-number-of-replicas-nc-8-h-10-p2olbt5n.png Figure 21: Latency with the number of replicas(Nc = 8,H = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-throughput-with-the-number-of-replicas-h-10-ir2zcx1t.png Figure 22: Throughput with the number of replicas(H = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-latency-with-workload-skew-nr-2-nc-8-2v092lo0.png Figure 19: Latency with workload skew(Nr = 2,Nc = 8) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-throughput-with-workload-skew-nr-2-nc-8-0-2j7lff8b.png Figure 20: Throughput with workload skew(Nr = 2,Nc = 8) 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributed-top-2-computation-basic-algorithm-37m4sbho.png Figure 1: Distributed top-2 computation, basic algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distributed-top-2-computation-improved-algorithm-3vb6vaa4.png Figure 2: Distributed top-2 computation, improved algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-rtts-between-amazon-datacenters-in-3vw3os9g.png Table 1: Average RTTs between Amazon datacenters (in milliseconds) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-latency-with-the-number-of-clients-nr-2-rtt-100ms-15lxyp30.png Figure 16: Latency with the number of clients (Nr = 2,RTT = 100ms) https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-factors-analysis-and-classification-system-hfacs-12ukshasc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-categories-of-unsafe-acts-committed-by-aircrews-1nd4iyyb.png Figure 2. Categories of unsafe acts committed by aircrews. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-categories-of-preconditions-of-unsafe-acts-1odb1bq4.png Figure 3. Categories of preconditions of unsafe acts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-swiss-cheese-model-of-human-error-causation-8p4koc52.png Figure 1. The “Swiss cheese” model of human error causation (adapted from Reason, 1990). https://scispace.com/papers/the-immunomodulatory-effects-of-social-isolation-in-mice-are-4bx8zx72s4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-social-isolation-on-the-basal-blood-3gw452wj.png Figure 2. Effect of Social Isolation on the basal blood biochemistry of CD-1 mice. The violin plots in (A) show the levels of ALT, AST, and their ratio in the blood of CD-1 mice after 2 weeks of social isolation (SI) or social housing (SH). The violin plots in (B) show the blood levels of creatinine, glucose or corticosterone in the same mice. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=15 mice. Data are representative of n=3 independent experiments with similar results. ****p<0.0001 (Student’s t-test) indicates significant values compared to socially housed control mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effects-of-social-isolation-on-food-intake-and-3d4tfrri.png Figure 6. The effects of social isolation on food intake and weight gain in CD-1 mice are reverted by the addition of an artificial nest. The photos in (A) are representative pictures of the cage setting used for social isolation or social isolation + nest. The violin plots show the net weight gain (B) and food and water intake (C) of CD-1 mice after 2 weeks of social isolation (SI), social isolation + nest (SI+Nest) or social housing (SH). The violin plots in (D) show the blood levels of glucose or corticosterone in the same mice. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=15 mice. Data are representative of n=3 independent experiments with similar results. ****p<0.0001 (One-way ANOVA) indicates significant values of socially isolated mice compared to socially housed control while ####p<0.0001 indicates significant values of SI+Nest mice compared to SI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-social-isolation-on-lps-or-e-coli-induced-2jmnann9.png Figure 3. Effect of Social Isolation on LPS or E. Coli-induced Inflammation in CD-1 mice. The violin plots in (A) show the levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-a in the plasma or peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) of socially isolated (SI) or socially housed (SH) CD-1 mice challenged with LPS (15mg/kg). The violin plots in (B) show the levels of the same cytokines in mice challenged with 1x107 cfu of E.coli 06:K2:H1. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=15 mice. Data are representative of n=3 independent experiments with similar results. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001 (Student’s t-test) indicates significant values compared to socially housed mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-social-isolation-on-the-gene-expression-qnv4fw9r.png Figure 5. Effect of Social Isolation on the gene expression profile of the whole blood of CD-1 mice. The scheme in (A) provides a graphical representation of the main outcome of the microarray analysis i.e. the total number of differentially regulated genes (DEG) of which 26 were upregulated and 10 downregulated in socially isolated (SI) CD-1 mice compared to control socially housed (SH) mice. The panel on the right is a heatmap analysis of microarray data. The violin plots in (B) show the real-time PCR analysis of 3 genes of interest selected from the microarray analysis. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=5 mice. ***p<0.001 (Student’s t-test) indicates significant values compared to socially housed control mice. The table in (C) lists the DEGs obtained from the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-social-isolation-on-metabolic-and-blood-4cvwuvc0.png Figure 1. Effect of social isolation on metabolic and blood parameters in CD-1 mice. The violin plots show the net weight gain (A) and food and water intake (B) of CD-1 mice after 2 weeks of social isolation (SI) or social housing (SH). The violin plot in (C) shows the total number of circulating leukocytes from the same mice while the plots in (D) show the relative % or the total cell number of the 3 main blood leukocyte populations. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=15 mice. Data are representative of n=3 independent experiments with similar results. ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001 (Student’s t-test) indicate significant values compared to socially housed mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-social-isolation-on-bacterial-clearance-jgh04hr5.png Figure 4. Effect of social isolation on bacterial clearance in CD-1 mice. The box and whisker plots in (A) show the weight loss of socially isolated (SI) or socially housed (SH) CD-1 mice 6 hrs after 1x107 cfu of E.coli 06:K2:H1challenge. The box and whisker plots in (B) show the bacterial load of blood and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) of the same mice while the violin plots in (C) show the blood levels of ALT, AST, and creatinine. The contour plots in (D) show typical staining for CD-11b and F4/80 of peritoneal cells recovered from E. Coli challenged mice while the violin plots show the total number of peritoneal cells and their % of gated CD-11b/F4/80high cells. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=15 mice. Data are representative of n=3 independent experiments with similar results. **p<0.01; ****p<0.0001 (Student’s t-test) indicates significant values compared to SH mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effects-of-social-isolation-on-bacterial-xw23hs6p.png Figure 7. The effects of social isolation on bacterial clearance in CD-1 mice are reverted by the addition of an artificial nest. The box and whisker plots in (A) show the weight loss of socially isolated (SI), socially isolated + nest (SI+Nest) or socially housed (SH) CD-1 mice after 6 hrs from the challenged with 1x107 CFU of E.coli 06:K2:H1. The box and whisker plots in (B) show the bacterial load of blood and peritoneal lavage fluids (PLF) of the same mice while the violin plots in (C) show the blood levels of ALT, AST and creatinine. The violin plots in (D) show the total number of peritoneal cells and their % of gated CD-11b/F4/80high cells from the same mice. Each plot shows the median and the quartile of n=15 mice. Data are representative of n=3 independent experiments with similar results. ****p<0.0001 (One-way ANOVA) indicates significant values of SI mice compared to SH mice while ####p<0.0001 indicates significant values of SI+Nest mice compared to socially isolated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-accessibility-by-public-transport-on-real-20k0rzmzmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-calibrated-for-the-accessibility-wrn4s0ud.png Table 1. Parameters calibrated for the accessibility indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hedonic-models-estimated-for-the-area-of-rome-in-2uwl7avz.png Table 4 – Hedonic models estimated for the area of Rome (in brackets the p – value with the statistical significance of the parameters) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-active-left-and-passive-right-accessibility-in-the-9dnptcw7.png Figure 2- Active (left) and Passive (right) accessibility in the cities of Rome (above) and Santander (below) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-partial-effect-of-the-cbd-variable-in-the-r-2-14vw4clo.png Figure 3– Partial effect of the CBD variable in the R-2 (dotted line) and S-2 (solid line) models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-contained-in-4cvbluh3.png Table 3 – Descriptive statistics of the variables contained in the database of Santander (N=42 zones) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameters-estimated-with-the-overall-impacts-of-the-3k044rmg.png Table 6– Parameters estimated with the overall impacts of the SAR models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hedonic-models-estimated-for-the-area-of-santander-rhu7qued.png Table 5– Hedonic models estimated for the area of Santander (in brackets the p – value with the statistical significance of the parameters) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-contained-in-szsvxo4c.png Table 2 – Descriptive statistics of the variables contained in the database of Rome (N=211 zones) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-characteristics-of-intra-organizational-1d25bnizgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-structural-model-1i62z6f1.png Table 2: The structural model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-for-all-the-constructs-evy5d1zo.png Table 1: Correlation matrix for all the constructs https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-chinese-import-competition-on-the-local-50hqqwgr5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-total-french-imports-uniquely-and-non-uniquely-2e3avvvt.png Table 10: Total French Imports: Uniquely and Non-Uniquely Mapped ($ millions) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-trade-deficit-per-worker-impact-on-manufacturing-2nujnllr.png Table 6: Trade deficit per worker: impact on manufacturing employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-impact-along-the-wage-distribution-in-manufacturing-1xu0ylsv.png Table 7: Impact along the wage distribution in manufacturing and the non-traded sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effect-of-chinese-import-competition-on-different-1l3a322r.png Table 8: Effect of Chinese import competition on different measures of wage inequality https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-impact-along-the-wage-distribution-depending-on-the-2l4j0et1.png Table 9: Impact along the wage-distribution depending on the “bite” of the minimum wage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-impact-of-chinese-import-competition-along-the-exwjf98n.png Figure 8: The impact of Chinese import competition along the wage distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-employment-growth-by-wage-percentile-and-3qswxpf5.png Figure 6: Employment growth by wage percentile and occupational change https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-impact-of-chinese-import-competition-on-15h0kjlz.png Figure 7: The impact of Chinese import competition on employment growth by wage percentile (based on occupational change) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-circular-migration-on-fgm-c-transnational-xa138r66yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-areas-of-the-gambia-where-field-work-has-been-1yxevg8o.png Figure 2. The areas of The Gambia where field work has been carried out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-areas-of-the-gambia-where-field-work-has-been-330usupx.png Figure 2. The areas of The Gambia where field work has been carried out. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-cluster-connectedness-on-firm-innovation-r-d-532uw07sxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-of-models-24cegz3p.png Table 3. Regression results of models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-of-the-ba02ug0l.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-students-t-test-1nhzpsfm.png Table 1.Student’s t-test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relationship-between-connectedness-r-d-effort-1orms600.png Figure 1. The relationship between Connectedness, R&D effort and Innovation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-curvilinear-effects-ks5cnsos.png Figure 2. Curvilinear effects https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-small-business-outcomes-and-9d6obtvxy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-breakdown-of-issues-affecting-businesses-1e4ardv6.png Table 4: Breakdown of Issues Affecting Businesses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-likelihood-of-remaining-open-or-re-opening-by-11qfdyvs.png Figure 8: Likelihood of Remaining Open or Re-Opening by December https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-likelihood-of-remaining-open-or-re-opening-by-21btqm39.png Figure 9: Likelihood of Remaining Open or Re-Opening by December, 2020 as a Function of Beliefs about COVID End Date https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-firm-size-in-the-survey-and-census-2be9nxm8.png Figure 4: Firm Size in the Survey and Census https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-reasons-for-not-using-the-resources-in-the-senate-z7401zg6.png Figure 13: Reasons For Not Using the Resources in the Senate Bill https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-differences-in-policy-effects-on-relative-3fnme9vp.png Figure 12: Differences in Policy Effects on Relative Employment Between December and January https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-months-of-cash-1n5syk56.png Figure 5: Months of Cash https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-measures-by-industry-1wjo7dpq.png Table 3: Summary Measures by Industry https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-crowdfunding-financial-attributes-on-5f8217ytsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-linear-regression-3gi36o3h.png Table 4: Linear Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-of-alpha-cronbach-12qisd91.png Table 2: Coefficients of Alpha Cronbach https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-education-on-unemployment-incidence-and-re-2fw50ll9ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regression-adjusted-probability-of-full-time-re-2qsogogw.png Figure 3 Regression-adjusted Probability of Full-time Re-employment Conditional on Being Unemployed for more than Eight Weeks in the Previous Year by Years of Schooling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-adjusted-probability-of-re-employment-32p7pw2e.png Figure 1 Regression-adjusted Probability of Re-employment Conditional on Being Unemployed One Year Earlier by Years of Schooling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-adjusted-probability-of-job-loss-by-1ohv8obw.png Figure 2 Regression-adjusted Probability of Job Loss by Years of Schooling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-current-population-31zaopgu.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for the Current Population Survey (1980-2005) Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-samples-based-on-the-1980-1h0wsjep.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for Samples Based on the 1980 Census https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-distributed-programming-abstractions-on-2c73o24858 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-energy-consumption-per-execution-phases-1tvcne42.png Figure 6: Energy consumption per execution phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-consumption-initializing-dpa-mechanisms-2pbx64pv.png Figure 2: Energy consumption—initializing DPA mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-consumption-of-three-serialization-cases-3khy4r41.png Figure 5: Energy consumption of three serialization cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-considered-dpas-and-their-classification-2fq14ivy.png Figure 1: Considered DPAs and their classification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-consumption-cpu-and-network-communication-a5hd6gzb.png Figure 4: Energy consumption—CPU and network communication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-execution-time-26v6vsty.png Figure 8: Total execution time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-consumption-invoking-remote-functionality-pdmwmf96.png Figure 3: Energy consumption—invoking remote functionality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-energy-consumption-performance-ratio-agkm64ed.png Figure 9: Energy Consumption/Performance ratio. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-emissions-based-taxes-on-the-retirement-of-iy0y2xs42q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impact-of-bonus-malus-policy-on-expected-age-at-2hofb4c0.png Table 8. Impact of bonus/malus policy on expected age at retirement. (illustrative vehicle is assumed of age six in 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bonus-malus-schemes-evaluated-in-this-paper-3ndk54rc.png Table 1. Bonus/malus schemes evaluated in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-design-3fez4fzw.png Table 2. Study design https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-percentage-of-vehicles-by-fuel-and-weight-range-in-3jwum6pq.png Table A.4 Percentage (%) of vehicles by fuel and weight range in each canton in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-percentage-of-vehicles-by-fuel-efficiency-label-in-3gzld0wk.png Table A.3 Percentage (%) of vehicles by fuel efficiency label in each canton in 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-used-inefficient-vehicles-emitting-30p2s5nj.png Table 4. Percentage of used inefficient vehicles (emitting more than 200 g CO2/km) registered in Geneva in a given year and registered in the following year in Geneva or in one of the nine cantons with no policy in place. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-used-inefficient-vehicles-fuel-26umjuj8.png Table 3. Percentage of used inefficient vehicles (fuel efficiency label G) registered in Obwalden and registered the following year in Obwalden or one of the nine cantons with no policy in place. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-percentage-of-vehicles-by-range-of-co2-emissions-1f6z6z5i.png Table A.2 Percentage (%) of vehicles by range of CO2 emissions in each canton in 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-fx-central-bank-intervention-in-a-noise-1fu2cirgtw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-table-2-the-basic-chartist-fundamentalist-model-3t5qxr18.png Figure 2: Table 2. The basic chartist-fundamentalist model: Euro-USD January 1985- May 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fx-interventions-in-the-chartist-fundamentalist-1qc16mr9.png Table 3. FX Interventions in the chartist-fundamentalist model: Euro-USD, January 1985, May 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-misalignement-of-euro-against-the-usd-in-percents-havbizp5.png Figure 3. Misalignement of Euro against the USD (in percents) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-profits-and-weights-of-fundamentalists-and-2b9hh49c.png Table 1 : Mean profits and weights of fundamentalists and chartists along with intervention intensity (ς) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reports-the-estimates-of-the-basic-chartist-15h9ftjm.png Table 2 reports the estimates of the basic chartist-fundamentalist model for two alternative specifications. Several comments are in order. First, the model estimations clearly identify the fundamentalist regime. The ψ parameter is significantly positive, suggesting a mean-reverting behaviour of et towards its fundamental value ft. This finding is highly robust to alternative specifications and to the extension of the model to time-varying transition probabilities (see section 3.4). Second, the model estimates suggest that in the chartist regime, agents tend to extrapolate past trends only when the short-run volatility is relatively high (α2 > 0). The p-value of this parameter is slightly above the 5% significance level (p-values of 5.3 and 5.7 percents for respectively specification (1) and specification (2)). In contrast, when the level of short-run volatility is historically low, chartists see the exchange rate as following a random walk: α1 is insignificantly different from zero and is therefore excluded in the second specification (last column in table 1). These results suggest that the chartist regime is at best non stabilising for the exchange rate and can be even destabilizing in relatively turbulent markets. Importantly, the results are consistent with the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-exchange-rate-under-intervention-rule-34x8betg.png Figure 1: Simulated exchange rate under intervention rule https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-metastable-intermolrecular-nanocomposite-3ff4o7cnoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solvent-anti-solvent-technique-for-preparation-of-hmx-3n1jawis.png Fig. 3: Solvent anti-solvent technique for preparation of HMX nanocomposite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-morphology-of-hmx-nanocomppsoite-1n7e3gkw.png Fig. 6: Morphology of HMX nanocomppsoite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-elemental-mapping-of-hmx-nanocomposite-ddkiyggt.png Fig. 7: Elemental mapping of HMX nanocomposite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-micrograhs-fe2o3-nanoparticles-a-b-aluminium-3grcvwpi.png Fig. 5: SEM micrograhs Fe2O3 nanoparticles (a, b), aluminium nanoplates (c, d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fraction-reacted-with-temperature-for-different-27g92jnv.png Fig. 11: Fraction reacted with temperature for different heating rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-dsc-thermogram-of-different-heating-rates-for-hmx-3rv5urbg.png Fig. 10: DSC thermogram of different heating rates for HMX nanocomposite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structure-of-common-energetic-nitramines-4-1af5oj5t.png Fig. 1: Chemical structure of common energetic nitramines [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-plot-of-a-and-temperature-for-heterogeneous-1llslkqc.png Fig. 14: Plot of α and temperature for heterogeneous decomposition reaction (a), plot of α and dα/dT for heterogeneous decomposition reaction (b). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-metropolitan-structure-on-commute-behavior-in-3yqdd4fqm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-3rlnalv3.png TABLE 4. MULTIVARIATE MULTILEVEL REGRESSION MODEL FOR TOTAL DAILY COMMUTE DISTANCE AND TIME BY THE AUTO DRIVER MODE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-multilevel-regression-model-for-total-2jgrs8id.png TABLE 4. MULTIVARIATE MULTILEVEL REGRESSION MODEL FOR TOTAL DAILY COMMUTE DISTANCE AND TIME BY THE AUTO DRIVER MODE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-distribution-of-duss-over-the-netherlands-2k6vijip.png FIGURE 2. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DUSS OVER THE NETHERLANDS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-logistic-regression-model-for-the-2oxri1zr.png TABLE 2. MULTILEVEL LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL FOR THE LIKELIHOOD OF COMMUTING AS AN AUTO DRIVER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explanatory-variables-30quuqz4.png TABLE 1. EXPLANATORY VARIABLES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-types-of-dus-2lfkipx0.png FIGURE 1. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF TYPES OF DUS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2cuk6x80.png TABLE 1. EXPLANATORY VARIABLES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multilevel-regression-model-of-commute-distance-and-etn99l78.png TABLE 3. MULTILEVEL REGRESSION MODEL OF COMMUTE DISTANCE AND TIME CONTAINING ONLY FIXED INTERCEPTS. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-mobile-phone-uses-in-the-developing-world-335o6dtrxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characteristics-of-chiefs-glbq02e8.png Figure 1. Characteristics of chiefs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chiefs-model-of-mobile-phone-services-zvt2zihs.png Figure 2. Chiefs’ model of mobile phone services https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-negatively-reciprocal-inclinations-on-worker-56wpzd8fpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-treatment-effect-on-job-motivation-social-199umrpo.png Table 4 Treatment Effect on Job Motivation: Social Comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-treatment-effect-on-job-motivation-heterogenous-2wppv7tg.png Table 5 Treatment Effect on Job Motivation: Heterogenous Sector Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-treatment-effect-on-job-motivation-results-for-10w17fdw.png Table 3 Treatment Effect on Job Motivation: Results for Different Birth Date Bandwidths https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-39mt74k6.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-negative-reciprocity-treatment-and-job-motivation-2qookckc.png Table 2 Negative Reciprocity, Treatment, and Job Motivation: OLS Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-job-motivation-2hugwx60.png Figure 1 (Color online) Job Motivation https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-public-basic-research-on-industrial-innovation-1c40l5f1q9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pharmaceutical-innovation-1980-1997-stock-method-to-x6akrjpe.png Table 3: Pharmaceutical Innovation (1980-1997): "Stock" Method to Determine Public Basic Research Lag https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-by-therapeutic-market-1980-1iqvemxi.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics by Therapeutic Market (1980-1997) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmaceutical-innovation-1980-1997-build-up-1ulw8ea5.png Table 2: Pharmaceutical Innovation (1980-1997): "Build up" Regression Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pharmaceutical-innovation-1980-1997-robustness-bjfsufy3.png Table 4: Pharmaceutical Innovation (1980-1997): Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-pharmaceutical-innovation-1980-1997-flow-method-to-3gjtnpj0.png Table B.1: Pharmaceutical Innovation (1980-1997): "Flow" Method to Determine Public Basic Research Lag https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-relative-prevalence-on-dual-target-search-for-368x7wwmcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-error-rates-and-correct-response-rts-in-the-wwm8n076.png Figure 1. Error rates and correct-response RTs in the different relative prevalence conditions. The left column of graphs are the error rates, the right column of graphs are the RTs. In both, a target was presented overall on 50% of trials. White bars represent target-present trials; shaded bars represent target-absent trials. Metals=Single-target metals; IEDs=Single-target IEDs; Dual=Dual-target search. Error bars represent ±SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-error-rates-correct-response-rts-and-scaled-rt-for-1ll2zcfq.png Figure 2. Error rates, correct-response RTs and Scaled RT for metals and IEDs in dual-target search, as a function of each target‟s prevalence level. Error bars represent ±SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-quasi-equally-spaced-sensor-topologies-on-3ihua5m0cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uniform-distribution-mse-and-mse-as-functions-of-snrm-tq7tpqa4.png Fig. 3. Uniform distribution: MSE∞ and MSE as functions of SNRm [dB] and parameterized by ρ, with β = 0.2 and d = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-histogram-of-fl-z-b-2-and-parabolic-approximation-in-1km4t51e.png Fig. 9. Histogram of fλ(z, β, 2) and parabolic approximation, in the case of Uniform-i and β = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qualitative-representations-of-the-distributions-2avfcrhp.png Fig. 1. Qualitative representations of the distributions Uniform, Uniform-i and Gaussian in a unidimensional scenario (d = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-histograms-of-fl-z-b-2-for-different-values-of-b-m-6-22jz80rv.png Fig. 2. Histograms of fλ(z, β, 2) for different values of β, M = 6 and bin width = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histograms-of-fl-z-b-2-for-uniform-i-and-gaussian-1e8wqamb.png Fig. 5. Histograms of fλ(z, β, 2), for Uniform-i and Gaussian distributions and different values of β. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-uniform-i-distribution-mse-and-mse-as-functions-of-1smj5g8k.png Fig. 6. Uniform-i distribution: MSE∞ and MSE as functions of SNRm and for different values of ρ, β = 0.2, and d = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-gaussian-distribution-mse-given-by-18-and-its-gb9090d4.png Fig. 11. Gaussian distribution: MSE∞ given by (18) and its parabolic approximation, for d = 2, β = 0.3, η2 = 1/12, and different values of ρ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-uniform-i-distribution-mse-given-by-18-and-its-mgua9yfp.png Fig. 10. Uniform-i distribution: MSE∞ given by (18) and its parabolic approximation, for d = 2, ρ = 1/64 and β = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-social-and-relational-contexts-on-innovation-1rw1zdzzu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-o18nzy2w.png Table 2. Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-measures-and-correlation-36qqk5oc.png Table 1. Descriptive measures and correlation https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-spike-timing-variability-on-the-signal-147z8erfcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-is-it-signal-or-is-it-noise-parametric-3692wqe5.png Figure 5: Is it signal or is it noise? Parametric relationships between measures of coding efficiency and the variability of the spike train as different parameters were varied for the two spiking models. (A) Coding fraction ξ and (B) mutual information transmitted per input time constant ILB/Bm for the I&F model as a function of the CV of the spike train. Squares plot results while input bandwidth was varied between 10 and 150 Hz. Open circles plot results while the mean input was varied to change the firing rate from 40 to 92 Hz. Filled circles show results for the order of the gamma distribution of thresholds varied from 2 to infinity. The increase in estimation performance with CV when the mean firing rate λ was increased or the input bandwidth Bm was decreased (with n = ∞ for the I&F model) suggests that the variability arises as a result of faithful encoding of the input and thus represents signal, whereas a decrease with CV when the order n of the threshold distribution was decreased suggests that the variability impedes encoding and thus represents noise. (C) Coding fraction ξ and (D) mutual information transmitted per input time constant ILB/Bm for the stochastic ion channel model as a function of the CV of the spike train as the mean firing rate λ (A = 1000 µm2, Bm = 50 Hz, open circles), input bandwidth Bm (A = 1000 µm2, λ = 50 Hz, open squares), and the area of the patch A (Bm = 50 Hz, λ = 50 Hz, filled circles) were varied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-the-stochastic-ion-channel-model-2lam7k2q.png Table 2: Parameters for the Stochastic Ion Channel Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-information-rates-in-signal-estimation-for-spiking-2afovhen.png Figure 4: Information rates in signal estimation for spiking models. (A) Lower bounds of the information rate ILB for the two spiking model classes considered in this article. The solid curves correspond to the adapting I&F model for different values of n, and the dotted curve corresponds to the stochastic ion channel model. As in Figure 3, the input is a band-limited gaussian process with bandwidth Bm = 50 Hz. (B) ILB as a function of the input bandwidth Bm for λ = 50 Hz. (C) The mutual information transmitted per spike on average, IS = ILB/λ, as a function of λ (Bm = 50 Hz). (D) IS as a function of input bandwidth Bm for λ = 50 Hz. Model parameters are summarized in the caption of Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-noisy-models-of-spike-timing-variability-a-for-an-2roshb5g.png Figure 1: Noisy models of spike timing variability. (A) For an adapting integrateand-fire model with random threshold, the time-varying input current m(t) is integrated by a combination of the passive membrane resistance and capacitance (the RC circuit) to give rise to the membrane voltage Vm. When Vm exceeds a threshold Vth drawn from a random distribution p(Vm), a spike is generated and the integrator is reset for a duration equal to the refractory period tref. The output spike train of the model in response to the input is represented as a point process s(t). p(Vth) is modeled as an nth-order gamma distribution where n determines the variability in spike timing (the inset shows gamma distributions for n = 1, 2, and 10). Each spike increases the amplitude of a conductance gadapt by an amount Ginc. gadapt corresponds to a calcium-dependent potassium conductance responsible for firing-rate adaptation and decays exponentially to zero between spikes with a time constant τadapt. (B) A time-varying current input m(t) is injected into a membrane patch containing stochastic voltage-gated ion channels, which are capable of generating action potentials in response to adequately strong current inputs. When the membrane voltage exceeds an arbitrarily chosen reference value above resting potential (+10 mV, in this case), a spike is recorded in the output spike train s(t). Parameters correspond to the kinetic model for regular spiking cortical neurons derived by Golomb and Amitai (1997). (C, D) Sample traces of the input m(t), the membrane voltage Vm(t), and the spike train s(t) for the models in A and B, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-leaky-integrate-and-fire-model-1sgzlu0b.png Table 1: Parameters for the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variability-and-coding-efficiency-of-spiking-models-bbjkmzvx.png Figure 3: Variability and coding efficiency of spiking models. (A) CV of the interspike interval distribution of the spike train as a function of the mean firing rate of the spike train λ. The input to the model is a gaussian, white, bandlimited (bandwidth Bm = 50 Hz) input, with mean I and standard deviation σm. The mean firing rate of the model is varied by changing the mean current I while maintaining the contrast of the input, defined as c = σm/I, constant (c = 1/3). The solid curves correspond to the adapting I&F model for different values of the order n of the gamma-distributed voltage threshold distribution (n = ∞ corresponds to a deterministic threshold). The dotted curve corresponds to a 1000 µm2 membrane patch containing stochastic ion channels. (B) CV as a function of input bandwidth Bm. λ for both the models was maintained at 50 Hz. (C, D) The dependence of the coding fraction ξ in the signal estimation task for the two types of spiking models on the mean firing rate λ (for Bm = 50 Hz) and the input bandwidth Bm (for λ = 50 Hz), respectively. Model parameters are summarized in the caption of Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-the-signal-estimation-paradigm-a-a-1tqm3cpf.png Figure 2: Block diagram of the signal estimation paradigm. (A) A noisy spikeencoding mechanism transforms a random time-varying input m(t)drawn from a probability distribution into a spike train s(t). Techniques from statistical estimation theory are used to derive the optimal linear estimate, m̂(t) of the input m(t) from the spike train s(t). m(t) is a gaussian, band-limited, wide sense stationary (WSS) stochastic process with a power spectrum Smm( f ) that is flat over a bandwidth Bm and whose standard deviation is denoted by σm. (B) Variability of the spike train is characterized by CV, the ratio of the standard deviation σT of the interspike intervals (Ti = ti+1− ti) to the mean interspike interval µT. The estimation performance is characterized by the coding fraction ξ = 1 − E/σm. E is the mean-square error between the time-varying input m(t) and its optimal linear reconstruction m̂(t) from the spike train s(t). (C) Correspondence between CV and other measures of spike irregularity. Using the procedure described in Mainen and Sejnowski (1995), reliability and precision are estimated from responses of the model to repeated presentations of the same input. The spike sequences are used to obtain the poststimulus time histogram (PSTH) shown in the lowest trace. Instances when the PSTH exceeds a chosen threshold (dotted line) are termed events. Reliability is defined as the fraction of spikes occurring during these events, and precision is defined as the mean length of the events. The inverse relationship between reliability and CV (as the input bandwidth is varied) validates our use of CV as a representative measure of spike variability. A similar relationship exists between precision and CV (data not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-coding-efficiency-as-a-function-of-l-bm-a-coding-ig02lfb8.png Figure 6: Coding efficiency as a function of λ/Bm. (A) Coding fraction ξ and (B) mutual information transmitted per input time constant, ILB/Bm, for the two spiking models as a function of the mean number of spikes available per input time constant, λ/Bm, for different combinations of Bm and λ (empty symbols: Bm varied, empty symbols: λ varied). The solid curves correspond to the adapting I&F model (different symbols represent different values of the order, n, of the voltage threshold gamma distribution), whereas the dotted curve corresponds to a 1000 µm2 membrane patch containing stochastic ion channels. The contrast of the input, c, was maintained at one-third. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-supply-constraints-on-house-prices-in-england-1kz8knt3d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-reducing-supply-constraints-on-house-prices-3vvme4f0.png Fig. 4 Impact of Reducing Supply Constraints on House Prices in Average English LPA: Baseline Estimate (TSLS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-removing-supply-constraints-on-house-prices-1mswb42d.png Fig. 3 Impact of Removing Supply Constraints on House Prices in Average English LPA: Baseline Estimate (TSLS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-regression-sample-lstzbezq.png Table 1 Summary Statistics: Regression Sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-regulatory-restrictiveness-and-house-prices-northeast-elhi6mlj.png Fig. 5 Regulatory Restrictiveness and House Prices: Northeast vs. Southeast, +/- one Standard Deviation and 10th vs. 90th Percentile https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-baseline-specification-but-using-labour-demand-shock-12yl004a.png Table 5 Baseline Specification but Using Labour Demand Shock as Demand Shifter https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-check-baseline-specification-for-31d97bx9.png Table 4 Robustness Check: Baseline Specification for Different Geographical Scales (TSLS, 2nd Stage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-shifts-in-earnings-on-house-prices-in-1ki6fe6w.png Table 6 Effect of Shifts in Earnings on House Prices in Average English LPA: Counterfactual Outcomes under Alternative Supply Constraint Assumptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-labour-demand-shock-on-house-prices-in-3tok3o9h.png Table 7 Effect of Labour Demand Shock on House Prices in Average English LPA and TTWA: Counterfactual Outcomes under Alternative Supply Constraint Assumptions https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-urban-enterprise-zones-on-establishment-fnrmg3sp8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-effect-of-the-policy-by-sector-3oyap085.png Table A-1: Effect of the policy by sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-number-of-establishments-in-municipalities-with-a-2y2i8hvi.png Table A-2: Number of establishments in municipalities with a ZFU https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-the-policy-on-the-probability-to-locate-in-27uwd4yx.png Table 3: Effect of the policy on the probability to locate in a (future) ZFU https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effect-of-the-zfu-policy-for-creations-and-gjx22s12.png Table 9: Effect of the ZFU policy for creations and relocations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probability-to-locate-in-a-future-zfu-over-time-3k9nf0u7.png Table 4: Probability to locate in a (future) ZFU over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-establishment-entries-in-zfu-part-and-non-1sqvecxp.png Figure 2: Share of establishment entries in ZFU part and non-ZFU part of municipalities https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-double-differences-2iksm1v4.png Table 5: Double differences https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-heterogeneous-effect-of-the-zfu-policy-zones-and-povusfgn.png Table 8: Heterogeneous effect of the ZFU policy - Zones and industry characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-on-social-relationships-of-moving-from-2oy27fdqsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-percentage-of-participants-in-the-two-types-of-2v1wfvoh.png Figure 1. The percentage of participants in the two types of accommodation settings who reported the social relationships at time 1 and time 2. Personalized arrangements: time 1 n ¼ 61, time 2 n ¼ 90. Group living: time 1 n ¼ 95 time 2 n ¼ 66). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multinomial-logistic-regression-for-the-predictive-28ci9hul.png Table 1. Multinomial logistic regression for the predictive factors associated with membership within three subpopulations.a https://scispace.com/papers/the-impacts-of-green-infrastructure-on-air-quality-and-xf59ie9ilm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-brightness-temperature-degc-observed-with-optris-32599rsx.png Figure 2.2 Brightness temperature (°C) observed with Optris PI160 thermal imager in a street canyon in central London at three times within a day (6 June 2014). Brightness temperature at one location on the road surface (indicated by x) is labelled; air temperature (Tair) measured with a WXT520 weather station (Vaisala) at 19.6 (within the urban canyon) and 45.5 m above ground level (.2 mean building height) which is provided for reference. The effects of the trees throughout the day are very clear https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-a-scanning-electron-microscope-image-showing-the-2ivhebfu.png Figure 2.1 A scanning electron microscope image showing the surface of a typical urban street tree leaf, London Plane (Platanus x hispanica) collected from an urban park in Portsmouth, UK. The stomata and deposits of particulate matter can be seen on this leaf surface. The particulate matter residing on the leaf surface was quantified to average 12.7 mg of particulate matter for each cm2 of leaf surface. This amount is similar to the range in mass of particulate matter deposited to leaves from a variety of deciduous broadleaved species (10–20 mg cm−2) measured in a study by Sæbo et al. (2012). Source: Image from the University of Portsmouth https://scispace.com/papers/the-implementation-diagnostic-yield-and-clinical-outcome-of-lm8tatfd0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-genotype-and-phenotype-of-inpatients-2w841pcm.png Table 2: Demographics, Genotype, and Phenotype of Inpatients who Received Genetic Testing in Other Clinical Settings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-psychiatric-comorbidities-of-patients-who-received-138fcykm.png Figure 1: Psychiatric Comorbidities of Patients who Received Genetic Testing While on the Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-genotype-phenotype-and-clinical-care-of-pr91gmxq.png Table 1: Demographics, Genotype, Phenotype and Clinical Care of Inpatients who Received Genetic Testing While on the Inpatient Service https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diagnostic-yield-of-genetic-testing-in-patients-with-2etrm8y2.png Table 3: Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Patients with NDDs and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outpatient-genetics-follow-up-for-patients-who-1o3x2x34.png Figure 2: Outpatient Genetics Follow-up for Patients who Received Genetic Testing While on the Inpatient Service https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-amylose-and-amylopectin-fine-structure-for-3cnduh1t6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sec-weight-distributions-of-whole-starch-wbr-log-rh-2xf7oxzj.png Figure 1: SEC weight distributions of whole starch, wbr(log Rh), extracted from all rice grain 544 https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-au-p-aryl-interactions-in-the-formation-of-535htc20ij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overlay-diagram-of-1-red-image-2-green-and-3-blue-no-27rabntv.png Fig. 2 Overlay diagram of 1 (red image), 2 (green) and 3 (blue). No hydrogen atoms are shown and only the a-carbon atoms of the phosphane ligands are included. The molecules have been overlapped so that the central rings are coincident. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-structures-for-1-a-the-compact-spherical-22s6wvrl.png Fig. 4 Calculated structures for 1: (a) the compact, spherical, conformation with two intramolecular Au/p(aryl) interactions, (b) intermediate structure with one Au/p(aryl) and one Au/O contact, and (c) the open, rod-like, conformation with two Au/O interactions. Bader0s delocalization indices between gold (in orange) and all other https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overlay-diagram-of-the-experimental-molecular-3j7z8yce.png Fig. 3 Overlay diagram of the experimental molecular structure of 1 (red image) and the energy minimised structure (black). The molecules have been overlapped so that the central rings are coincident. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-temperature-1h-nmr-data-d-ppm-w1-2-band-1qjo2ifw.png Table 2 Variable temperature 1H NMR data (d, ppm; W1/2, band width at half-height) for LH2 recorded in DMSO-d6 solution https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-supersaturated-silica-deposition-for-base-2gq7yqxwr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-geographic-setting-of-turkey-b-location-of-13pxayjx.png Figure 1. (a) The geographic setting of Turkey (b) Location of the deposits used in this study and active faults in the Biga Peninsula, W Turkey. Fault locations are modified from active fault map of Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration (Turkey). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearsons-correlation-coefficient-matrix-for-metallic-6xhg7jud.png Table 2. Pearson’s correlation coefficient matrix for metallic elements in silica samples from Arapuçandere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-la-icpms-profile-of-the-elements-analysed-in-ero4j3j3.png Figure 2. LA-ICPMS profile of the elements analysed in amorphous silica bands from the Arapuçandere deposit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-concentration-of-au-ag-zn-and-pb-vs-cu-for-silica-3pq0tzeb.png Figure 5. Concentration of Au, Ag, Zn, and Pb vs. Cu for silica samples from Arapuçandere using the data summarised in Table 1. Aud-25 has Cu < 10 ppm, Aud-6 10 to 100 ppm, and Aud-12 > 300 ppm. Also shown are the Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations, plus errors for fluid inclusions average compositions from 3 samples from this deposit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ag-vs-au-for-quartz-and-silica-samples-and-from-t6zhekm4.png Figure 6. Ag vs. Au for quartz and silica samples and from sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite from Arapuçandere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-ppm-and-one-standard-deviation-of-la-icpms-yp9resry.png Table 1. Average (ppm) and one standard deviation of LA-ICPMS analyses of euhedral and amorphous silica precipitated during boiling and or “flashing”. https://scispace.com/papers/the-inclusion-of-fringing-capacitance-and-inductance-in-fdtd-2qc0ipwnfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-error-in-the-approximate-formula-forl-257sh61x.png Fig. 5. Error in the approximate formula forL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-characteristic-impedance-of-microstrip-substrate-252civ8p.png Fig. 9. Characteristic impedance of microstrip—substrate permittivity of 2.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-required-permittivity-as-a-function-of-edge-position-4ybslong.png Fig. 14. Required permittivity as a function of edge position relative to the cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predicted-inductance-versus-assigned-permeability-for-1dlh5wty.png Fig. 2. Predicted inductance versus assigned permeability for various mesh sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-inductance-versus-assigned-permeability-for-2x58kiwl.png Fig. 4. Predicted inductance versus assigned permeability for various mesh sizes for wide strips. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicted-capacitance-versus-assigned-permittivity-for-2dj0xl4m.png Fig. 3. Predicted capacitance versus assigned permittivity for various mesh sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effective-permittivity-of-microstrip-substrate-e8xuyi5v.png Fig. 8. Effective permittivity of microstrip—substrate permittivity of 10.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-error-in-the-approximate-formula-forc-2i03etbl.png Fig. 6. Error in the approximate formula forC . https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-alignment-free-sequence-representations-on-41lh19y8q3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-semi-supervised-classification-results-by-1wmcg32o.png Table 1 The semi-supervised classification results by inductive SS-GTM for some orphan GPCR sequences https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-attention-to-language-form-on-the-47nf7djjkr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-weak-forms-in-the-total-number-of-3cz5c8vj.png Table 2: Percentage of weak forms in the total number of realizations of a particular function word across three tasks in the productions of the participants with near native-like pronunciation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-weak-forms-in-the-total-number-of-1zu2eoq2.png Table 1: Percentage of weak forms in the total number of realizations of a particular function word across three tasks in the productions of the participants with foreign-accented pronunciation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-function-words-realised-as-weak-by-ksgcok7a.png Figure 2: Percentage of function words realised as weak by the two groups of participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-function-words-realised-as-weak-3idv8wkc.png Figure 1: Percentage of function words realised as weak across three tasks (total no. of function words in: reading task=167, prepared speech task=273, free speech task=244). https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-bacteria-on-the-passive-film-stability-of-3xkxysl9hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-electrochemical-impedance-spectra-for-stainless-steel-3a7sxfw3.png Fig. 5. Electrochemical impedance spectra for stainless steel after 139 h in the presence of P. fragi at 30°C, solution flow rate 12 ml h−1, at OCP: (a) Bode plot; (b) Nyquist plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-electrochemical-impedance-spectra-for-stainless-steel-1rn6ij3f.png Fig. 6. Electrochemical impedance spectra for stainless steel after 903 h in the presence of P. fragi+SRB at 30°C, solution flow rate 12 ml h−1, at OCP: (a) Bode plot; (b) Nyquist plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-sem-micrographs-of-stainless-steel-exposed-to-2yi55hzc.png Fig. 8. (A) SEM micrographs of stainless steel exposed to aerated Baar’s medium sterile control for 8 days; (B) in the presence of P. fragi for 8 days; and (C) in the presence of P. fragi+SRB for 38 days at 30°C. Low magnification (525× ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-equivalent-circuits-used-in-fitting-impedance-data-3ttr2wto.png Fig. 7. Two equivalent circuits used in fitting impedance data of stainless steel at different conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-continuous-flow-2sqi2qkk.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the continuous flow reactor used for electrochemical measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impedance-parameters-of-stainless-steel-in-baars-e1p3cnso.png Table 1 Impedance parameters of stainless steel in Baar’s medium at 30°C, solution flow rate 12 ml h−1, at OCP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-open-circuit-potential-for-stainless-steel-in-sterile-2e02xyiv.png Fig. 2. Open circuit potential for stainless steel in sterile Baar’s, in the presence of P. fragi, and in the presence of P. fragi and SRB at 30°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electrochemical-impedance-spectra-for-stainless-steel-1nw03zhb.png Fig. 4. Electrochemical impedance spectra for stainless steel after 183 h in sterile Baar’s medium, at 30°C, solution flow rate 12 ml h−1, at OCP: (a) Bode plot; (b) Nyquist plot. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-breeding-experience-on-nest-success-in-red-vk8eac41w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-daily-nest-survival-rates-and-number-of-e32pgy6e.png TABLE 4. Estimated daily nest survival rates and number of Red-winged Blackbirds fledged per successful nest for treatment and reference groups at 3 wetlands where territory ownership was manipulated in 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-number-of-new-and-returning-red-winged-blackbird-3b9fppr6.png TABLE 5. The number of new and returning Red-winged Blackbird territory owners in 2001 at 7 wetlands where ter - ritory ownership was manipulated in 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-original-and-final-red-winged-blackbird-nytwdtzb.png TABLE 1. Number of original and final Red-winged Blackbird territory owners at 10 wetlands where territory ownership was manipulated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-red-winged-blackbird-nests-monitored-8o9yjry3.png TABLE 2. Number of Red-winged Blackbird nests monitored, number of 3-d exposure intervals survived, and number of exposure intervals failed for nests in treatment and reference areas at 10 wetlands where territory ownership was experi mentally manipulated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-daily-nest-survival-rates-and-number-of-1iic3lcv.png TABLE 3. Estimated daily nest survival rates and number of Red-winged Blackbirds fledged per successful nest for treatment and reference groups at 7 wetlands where territory ownership was manipulated in 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-red-winged-blackbird-nests-monitored-66sjns8z.png TABLE 6. Number of Red-winged Blackbird nests monitored, number of 3-d exposure intervals survived, and number of exposure intervals failed for nests on the territories of new and returning birds at 7 wetlands in 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimated-daily-nest-survival-rates-and-number-of-jrpdpqo5.png TABLE 7. Estimated daily nest survival rates and number of Red-winged Blackbirds fledged per successful nest in 2001 for new and returning breeders at 7 wetlands where territory ownership was manipulated in 2000. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-cycloplegia-in-objective-refraction-1boeif59ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-difference-versus-mean-of-refractive-13yjw2qj.png Figure 1. Plots of difference versus mean of refractive errors values obtained with autorefraction and retinoscopy without and with cycloplegic. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-difference-significance-level-and-95-limits-of-3voms3t9.png Table 2. - Mean difference, significance level and 95% limits of agreement for the components M, J0 and J45 for the autorefraction and retinoscopy under cycloplegic and noncycloplegic conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-mean-s-d-for-m-j0-and-j45-34ni3iza.png Table 1. - Descriptive statistics (mean, S.D) for M, J0 and J45 components of refractive error obtained with ARK700A and retinoscopy under cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic conditions. Values are expressed in dioptres. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-hibernation-temperature-on-deiodinase-2-in-3fj8a91o1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-photomicrographs-from-deiodinase-ii-dio2-2ha9545s.png Figure 5. Example photomicrographs from deiodinase II (DIO2) antiserum preadsorption tests in red-sided garter snakes (T. sirtalis). Immunoreactive staining is shown following preadsorption of DIO2 antibody (diluted 1:2000) with (A) 50 μg or (B) 0 μg DIO2 peptide per milliliter of antibody solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-photomicrographs-of-sagittal-sections-of-t-2eksxtxi.png Figure 2. Example photomicrographs of sagittal sections of T sirtalis brains demonstrating (A) anatomical location of anterior hypothalamus within the brain, (B) light specific staining, (C) moderate specific staining, and (D) heavy specific staining for DIO2. Photomicrographs were taken at 200x magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis-3niomxyt.png Figure 1. Diagram of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis. GnRH from the hypothalamus signals the pituitary to release gonadotropins LH and FSH, which in turn signal the gonads to release sex steroids. Feedback loops to the pituitary and hypothalamus help regulate sex steroid levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screenshot-of-batch-process-window-showing-script-hxftajcs.png Figure 3. Screenshot of batch process window, showing script for setting the scale and converting the image files to 8-bit grayscale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-sum-of-dio2-specific-staining-in-the-2hs6aqwy.png Figure 6. The sum of DIO2-specific staining in the hypothalamus of female T. sirtalis during hibernation at 4°C or 12°C. Each bar is the mean + 1 SE. The sum of staining was greater in animals hibernated at 12°C than in animals hibernated at 4°C. As expected, there was no difference between temperature groups at week 0 (P=0.874), but there was a significant difference between temperature groups at week 8 (P=0.016) and week 16 (P=0.005). Asterisks indicate significant differences between temperature groups within each sampling time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-sum-of-dio2-specific-staining-in-the-qqk5ijfk.png Figure 7. The sum of DIO2-specific staining in the hypothalamus of male Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis during hibernation at 4°C or 12°C. Each bar is the mean + 1 SE. Duration of hibernation significantly affected the DIO2-stained area (μm2) in the hypothalamus; animals had a larger sum of DIO2-ir staining (μm2) with longer duration of hibernation. We found a significant difference between week 4 and week 8 (P<0.05) and between week 4 and week 16 (P<0.05). Letters indicate significant differences among sampling times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshot-of-the-threshold-tool-in-use-showing-the-2zs9wmb5.png Figure 4. Screenshot of the Threshold tool in use, showing the thresholding histogram, slider tools, and grayscale image, with pixels that are above the selected threshold highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-lactose-hydrolysis-on-the-strength-and-4mspx4dgld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-test-speed-and-hydrolysis-on-torque-and-734ixd6g.png Table 1. Effects of test speed and hydrolysis on torque and angle of twist (mean ±SE).[a][b] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-four-bladed-vane-test-zwy9q4ed.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the four-bladed vane test apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-hydrolysis-on-the-textural-firmness-of-3nw83onu.png Figure 5. Effects of hydrolysis on the textural firmness of ice cream. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-hydrolysis-yeast-source-on-the-yield-1umb9dsc.png Figure 4. Effects of hydrolysis (yeast source) on the yield stress of vanilla ice cream. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-hydrolysis-fungal-source-on-the-yield-lsdzt9dp.png Figure 3. Effects of hydrolysis (fungal source) on the yield stress of vanilla ice cream. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-rotational-speed-on-the-yield-stress-of-1adw7w1i.png Figure 2. Effects of rotational speed on the yield stress of vanilla ice cream. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-liposomal-formulation-on-the-incorporation-42dv4o68jn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-parameters-mean-diameter-p-i-d-z-from-dls-205w90re.png Table 2: Structural parameters (mean diameter, P.I., D, ζ) from DLS measurements for DOPG based liposomes empty or encapsulating PNA-a210, before and after DSPE-PEG2000 postinsertion. Standard deviation (SD) for values of diameter, diffusion coefficient and Z potential are also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-liposomal-formulations-and-mg-of-pna-a210-1q9tsqwz.png Table 1: Liposomal formulations and μg of PNA-a210 encapsulated in 1 mL of liposomes at 10 mM lipid concentration. EE% and ER% for each sample are also reported. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-personal-values-on-legal-judgments-43os9wcvir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-9-4-value-profiles-for-lady-hale-3szs9twa.png Figure 6.9-4: Value profiles for Lady Hale https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-distribution-of-cases-in-the-supreme-court-from-3nyh4ay4.png Table 14: Distribution of cases in the Supreme Court from October 2009 – April 2011 (Data set 1) 574. https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-values-espoused-by-individual-supreme-court-1kec8ou2.png Table 17 : Values espoused by individual Supreme Court Justices in judgments https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-divided-cases-selected-for-value-analysis-12tv4nv5.png Table 5: Divided cases selected for value analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-7-2-value-profiles-of-lord-kerr-5z61m8sa.png Figure 6.7-2 Value profiles of Lord Kerr https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-2-value-analysis-of-the-judgments-in-yemshaw-v-aks57vp1.png Figure 5.8-2: Value analysis of the judgments in Yemshaw v London Borough of Hounslow https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-comparison-between-those-identified-as-high-low-1ytnplfs.png Table 18 Comparison between those identified as high/low level agreement in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-value-analysis-cases-that-divided-judicial-opinion-1j74r1rp.png Table 7: Value analysis cases that divided judicial opinion, with more than one Supreme Court Justice dissenting. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-oxygen-content-on-the-tc-of-hts-hg-1245-4ren73pn2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-and-calculated-data-for-pressure-1p2nnzjh.png Fig. 3. Experimental (+) and calculated (◊) data for pressure derivative dTc max/dp as function of sublayers number n [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-pre-supplementary-motor-area-targeted-high-4k8mm1x9s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reaction-time-as-a-function-of-group-by-session-by-34iplzih.png Figure 1: Reaction Time as a Function of Group by Session by Task Level. Reaction time is presented in milliseconds. Both the Anodal and Cathodal group were faster post versus pre for the Superordinate-Level (OA), while there was no change for the Sham group. This faster reaction time was restricted to the OA level as there were no post versus pre stimulation changes for the SC level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-n2-amplitude-at-elctrode-fz-as-a-function-of-group-2b4yktsc.png Figure 2: N2 Amplitude at elctrode FZ as a Function of Group by Session by Condition. N2 amplitude is presented in microvolts. Both the Anodal and Cathodal group had greater negative N2 amplitudes for the nogo contition following stimulation (T2), while there were no changes for the Sham group. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-pressure-relaxation-on-the-structure-of-an-3iu3apn2r0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-velocity-distribution-for-a-vortex-filament-with-1ftq5dn6.png FIG. 2. Velocity distribution for a vortex filament with circulation Co, scaled in terms of maximum velocity and its associated core radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-comparison-of-normalized-tornado-1k91xrtx.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) Comparison of normalized tornado pressure deficit distributions from Karstens et al. (Ref. 29) with r rcore 2 þ 1 1, the normalized pressure distribution predicted from Eq. (28). (b) Image of an emerging tornado spout, showing the similarity between its visible cloud boundary and the predicted pressure deficit distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-acoustically-based-estimates-of-the-pressure-18u1s8im.png TABLE I. Acoustically based estimates of the pressure relaxation coefficient (in ls) for air at selected temperatures and relative humidities (Ref. 16).a https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-estimated-effective-turbulent-viscosity-and-ocjud35v.png TABLE V. Estimated effective turbulent viscosity and comparison between predicted maximum and measured maximum core velocities for Sinclair (Ref. 27) dust devils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-measured-and-predicted-a-pressure-pz80vgys.png FIG. 3. Comparison between measured and predicted (a) pressure deficit variations for Sinclair (Ref. 27) Dust Devil #2 and (b) velocity profiles for Sinclair (Ref. 27) Dust Devil #2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-estimates-of-pressure-relaxation-coefficients-in-1mu1ctlj.png TABLE II. Estimates of pressure relaxation coefficients in air based on vortex experiments.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-predicted-and-measured-maximum-29zvbxe6.png TABLE III. Comparison of predicted and measured maximum vortex velocities using the Garodz and Clawson (Ref. 20) data along with predicted core pressure deficits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-estimation-of-pressure-relaxation-coefficients-in-svbwccdt.png TABLE IV. Estimation of pressure relaxation coefficients in water based on experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-soluble-salts-on-the-decay-of-moenjodaro-3tdja2ceby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-increasing-salinity-on-the-wetting-and-35x7lh8s.png Table 2. Influence of increasing salinity on the wetting and drying of soil cubes measuring 5x5x5 cm (3 minutes of immersion) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3ctmcnd5.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conductivity-and-moisture-content-of-four-types-of-3is3mju8.png Table 3. Conductivity and moisture content of four types of paving https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-soluble-salts-on-key-soil-parameters-1teh7wes.png Table 1. Influence of soluble salts on key soil parameters such as moisture content, liquid and plastic limit https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-reynolds-number-on-a-plane-jet-8xrcaiwv91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-evolution-of-mean-centerline-velocity-y6eymf3m.png FIG. 4. Color online The evolution of mean centerline velocity Uc /Ub for a plane jet with different Reh values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-summary-of-the-normalized-boundary-layer-3fh6hkrw.png TABLE I. A summary of the normalized boundary layer characteristics estimated from mean velocity profiles at x /h=0.5 for different Reh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-lateral-profiles-of-a-the-normalized-mean-3jai77ky.png FIG. 3. Color online Lateral profiles of a the normalized mean velocity and b the turbulence intensity measured x /h=0.5 for plane jets with different Reh values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-color-online-streamwise-evolution-of-a-turbulent-31jrmaoo.png FIG. 17. Color online Streamwise evolution of a turbulent kinetic energy dissipation hUb −3 and b Kolmogorov scales /h for the present cases Reh=1500, 3000, and 7000, as well as those of Ref. 42 Reh=22 000 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-color-online-streamwise-evolutions-of-hub-3-and-h-for-6j1780hc.png FIG. 18. Color online Streamwise evolutions of hUb −3 and /h for the present cases of Reh=10 000 and 16 500 and for Ref. 10 Reh=30 000 and Ref. 7 Reh=34 000 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-dependence-of-the-jets-potential-core-1a9vv547.png FIG. 5. Color online The dependence of the jet’s potential core lengths xp on jet exit Reynolds number Reh . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-lateral-distributions-of-u-uc-for-ar-60-a-ymdu4ttn.png FIG. 8. Color online Lateral distributions of U /Uc for AR=60: a Reh =1500, b Reh=3000, c Reh=7000, d Reh=10 000, and e Reh =16 500. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-dependence-of-lateral-profiles-of-u-1shy181n.png FIG. 6. Color online The dependence of lateral profiles of U /Uc on Reh measured at x /h=3. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-values-on-evaluations-of-energy-4xpucw9v3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-relationship-pearson-s-correlations-between-v0owxw49.png Table 1 The relationship (Pearson's correlations) between values and evaluations of nuclear (Study 1) and renewable (Study 2) energy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-the-urban-informal-sector-on-economic-3hap4ezvcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-balance-of-payments-of-the-informal-sector-in-chile-21965f8d.png Table 2. Balance of Payments of the Informal Sector in Chile and Mexico, circa 1970 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-santiago-distribution-of-income-by-occupation-1968-2jdpvyah.png Table 3. Santiago: Distribution of Income by Occupation, 1968 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-employment-and-value-added-by-the-informal-sector-in-28r9ogwy.png Table 1. Employment and Value Added by the Informal Sector in Chile and Mexico, circa 1970 (Percentages) https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-water-activity-and-temperature-on-ydxpctuapg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-temperature-on-the-temporal-conidial-1csb3qq8.png Figure 2. Effect of temperature on the temporal conidial germination of (a) S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-sporulation-log10-spores-mm-2-of-a-s-2g3d2ksb.png Figure 6. Comparison of sporulation (log10 spores mm 2) of (a) S. chartarum (IBT 7711) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-percentage-germinated-conidia-of-a-s-chartarum-iemkaway.png Figure 1. Mean percentage germinated conidia of (a) S. chartarum IBT 7711and (b) S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-water-activity-x-temperature-kx5ninub.png Figure 5. Comparison of water activity x temperature interactions on growth rate (mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-temperature-on-germ-tube-extension-m-of-a-8rk065g8.png Figure 4. Effect of temperature on germ tube extension (m) of (a) S. chartarum (IBT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-water-activity-on-germ-tube-extension-m-2juq9hxb.png Figure 3. Effect of water activity on germ tube extension (m) of (a) S. chartarum (IBT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-water-activity-at-different-temperatures-for-y8ypjs6b.png Table 1. Minimum water activity at different temperatures for the germination of two S. https://scispace.com/papers/the-information-content-of-central-bank-interest-rate-3xzgeahl0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarizes-the-main-results-of-the-regressions-the-9qrc3c7z.png Table 2 summarizes the main results of the regressions, the complete set of results is provided in the appendix. The results show that the information content of the RBNZ’s interest rate projections has decreased significantly since the beginning of the https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-how-persistent-is-the-response-of-futures-rates-to-3n6h4rbq.png Table 3 How persistent is the response of futures rates to interest rate projections? https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summarizes-the-main-results-for-equation-9-for-a-1ponad3l.png Table 5 summarizes the main results for Equation (9) for a representative subset of maturities and time spans.16 The results differ significantly for shorter (1-year, 2-year) and longer (5-year, 10-year) maturities. The level surprise caused by an interest rate projection has a persistent effect on the one- and two-year government bond yield before the crisis. Interest rates with longer maturities, however, do not respond to level surprises in a persistent way. In fact, the impact of unexpected changes of interest rate projections on e.g. ten-year government bond rates has disappeared only a few days after the announcement day. This indicates that interest rate projections have a destabilizing effect on medium- to long-term government bonds. In contrast, there is only weak evidence for a persistent response of longer-term interest rates to timing surprises of interest rate projections for all maturities under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interest-rate-projections-and-the-90-day-interest-gkqtb8xk.png Figure 1 Interest rate projections and the 90-day interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-projections-root-mean-squared-errors-3lwarsyv.png Table 1 Evaluation of projections: Root mean squared errors https://scispace.com/papers/the-infrared-imaging-spectrograph-iris-for-tmt-design-of-46397alijl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-image-layout-at-slit-plane-33gi5rih.png Figure 6. Image layout at slit plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-output-focal-ratio-m19nznwb.png Figure 7. Distribution of output focal ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-common-exit-pupil-2y3ycbtm.png Figure 10. Common exit pupil https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-capabilities-of-dual-channel-ifs-1syiyqcf.png Table 1. Capabilities of dual channel IFS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-preliminary-optical-model-for-slicer-ifs-3o6w3jxv.png Figure 1. Preliminary optical model for Slicer IFS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-opto-mechanical-model-of-prototype-3cdfsgva.png Figure 16. Opto-mechanical model of prototype https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conceptual-design-of-iris-image-slicer-ocvjsnmk.png Figure 4. Conceptual design of IRIS image slicer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-simulation-for-restricting-stray-light-16hex62x.png Figure 12. Simulation for restricting stray light https://scispace.com/papers/the-initial-mass-function-and-disk-frequency-of-the-r-3gyq61omla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-i-vs-r-i-color-magnitude-diagram-from-our-r-and-i-3m27vo2v.png Figure 2. I vs. (R− I) color–magnitude diagram from our R- and I-band images. The ordinate is the absolute I magnitude assuming a distance of 130 pc and with no correction for reddening. Objects observed spectroscopically are shown by open circles (association members), diamonds (field stars), or “×”s (giants). Isochrones and the ZAMS from the DM models are shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hertzsprung-russell-diagram-for-252-low-mass-18pjwahl.png Figure 7. Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for 252 low-mass objects in Upper Sco from the study of Preibisch & Zinnecker (1999) relative to the DM97 models. Bolometric luminosities were derived using (J−H) colors from the 2MASS survey (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hertzsprung-russell-diagrams-for-the-r-oph-17w84wbu.png Figure 4. Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams for the ρ Oph association members with optically determined spectral types assuming a distance of 130 pc. The solid diamonds mark the positions of YSOs relative to the theoretical tracks and isochrones of D’Antona & Mazzitelli (1997) and F. D’Antona & I. Mazzitelli (1998, private communication) in (a) or Palla & Stahler (1999) in (b). Error bars in log Teff were estimated from uncertainties in the spectral type and surface gravity. Error bars in log Lbol were estimated from errors in the photometry and uncertainties in the distance modulus and bolometric correction. In (a), isochrones shown as solid lines are 105, 3 × 105, 106, 3 × 106, 107, and 108 yr. Evolutionary tracks from 0.02M to 2.0M are shown by dashed lines. The bold dashed line marks the evolutionary track for a star at the hydrogen-burning limit. In (b), the birthline is shown as a solid line followed by isochrones for 106, 3 × 106, 107, and 108 yr and the ZAMS. Evolutionary tracks from 0.1M to 6.0M are shown by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3poeuo3u.png Table 3 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-hydra-observations-29iq7htm.png Table 1 Summary of Hydra Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-association-members-is-shown-1x087y7e.png Figure 1. Distribution of association members is shown relative to contours of 13CO column density. The contours were computed from Loren (1989) assuming LTE and Tex = 25 K. The values of the contours in units of cm−2 are 6 × 1014, 3 × 1015, and 1.5 × 1016; the lowest contour delineates the outer boundary of the dark cloud. The dashed box outlines the field included by our Hydra observations. Star symbols mark the locations of the star ρ Oph A (labeled) and the association members Oph S1, SR 3, and HD 147889 in the L 1688 core. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3emzyvs7.png Table 3 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-revised-photometry-from-paper-i-gwx698zw.png Table 4 Revised Photometry from Paper I https://scispace.com/papers/the-institutionalisation-of-mining-company-sustainability-i57t04q8r9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-maturation-and-convergence-of-the-field-of-21gre6wt.png Table 1 The maturation and convergence of the field of sustainability disclosure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-south-african-mining-companies-social-and-3qr3kzks.png Table 2 South African mining companies social and environmental annual report and website disclosures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-company-characteristics-consistent-with-95spum0c.png Table 3: Company characteristics consistent with professionalization Qualifications held by directors and senior managers as disclosed in the 18 companies‘ annual reports https://scispace.com/papers/the-instrumentation-and-monitoring-of-the-varby-bridge-3fr1fex18i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fem-model-xra1dfdt.png Fig. 3: FEM-Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cracked-welds-observed-in-austria-from-2-b47fje11.png Fig. 4: Cracked welds observed in Austria. From [2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cracked-welds-observed-in-japan-from-3-cz812s53.png Fig. 5: Cracked welds observed in Japan. From [3] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1ejwcv0p.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interaction-between-steel-girders-and-concrete-deck-5429r1da.png Fig. 2: Interaction between steel girders and concrete deck for transverse rotation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-of-the-observed-cracks-21v49bgc.png Fig. 1: One of the observed cracks https://scispace.com/papers/the-integers-as-a-higher-inductive-type-z3p4evga8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cube-needed-for-lemma-2-6-3hrfiyap.png Figure 1. Cube needed for lemma 2.6 https://scispace.com/papers/the-intersection-of-culture-disability-and-assistive-2fsjs7qqr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3mg90fs1.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2ubgjmie.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographics-3cyxfor2.png Table 1. Participant Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1sog4v53.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-demographics-1hh2ea4g.png Table 2. Participant Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1eq7cl8w.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assistive-technology-definitions-33k2xszt.png Table 1. Participant Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3lj0vek0.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-internal-geography-of-services-value-added-in-exports-a-3swtbafobb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interregional-input-output-tables-database-gc2eppp6.png Table 1 - Interregional Input-Output Tables Database https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-share-of-primal-regions-in-services-value-added-of-aofnirr2.png Table 4: Share of Primal Regions in Services Value-Added of Exports of Good and Services: Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trade-in-value-added-brazil-chile-colombia-and-tx6cqbxg.png Table 2: Trade in Value Added: Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico https://scispace.com/papers/the-interspeech-2020-computational-paralinguistics-challenge-71hgoysxus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-three-sub-challenges-the-official-1aqtomrx.png Table 2: Results for the three Sub-Challenges. The official baselines for Test are highlighted (bold and greyscale); there are no official baselines for Dev. C: Complexity parameter of the SVM/SVR, optimised for all from 10−5 to 1. N : Codebook size for Bag-of-Audio-Words (BoAW) splitting the input into two codebooks (COMPARE-LLDs/ COMPARE-LLD-deltas) of the same given size, with 10 assignments per frame. ResNet50: pre-trained CNN used for extraction of DEEP SPECTRUM features. X: Threshold power levels for S2SAE under which was clipped. LIFE: Lingustic feature extraction pipeline and SVM. End2End with hidden units Nh. UAR: Unweighted Average Recall. r: Pearson’s correlation coefficient. E: Elderly, A/V (Arousal/Valence as baseline); B: Breathing; M: Mask. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-databases-number-of-instances-per-class-in-the-train-h4uml5iz.png Table 1: Databases: Number of instances per class in the Train/Dev/Test splits: USOMS-e: # of narratives, per L/M/H for A/V; UCL-SBM: # of speakers; MASC: # of chunks. Test split distributions were blinded during the ongoing challenge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-confusion-matrices-for-e-a-and-v-left-and-m-right-3w3l7lra.png Figure 1: Confusion matrices for E, A, and V, left; and M, right; overall number of instances per task given in Table 1. Middle: exemplary reference breath contour for B in green, predicted contour in mangenta; above with COMPARE; middle with End2End, worse prediction; bottom with End2End, better prediction. For E and M, the individual approach/hyperparameters performing on Dev for the best Test result (without fusion) were chosen: for E, A DEEP SPECTRUM+SVM, for E, V LIFE: Transformer+SVM, BLAtt; for M DEEP SPECTRUM. In the cells, absolute number of cases is given, and percent of ‘classified as’ of the class displayed in the respective row; percentage also indicated by colour-scale: the darker, the higher. https://scispace.com/papers/the-invisible-institution-reconstructing-the-history-of-45syxsun87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-table-of-sfta-chairs-and-the-industries-they-were-bujdqz08.png Fig. 1: Table of SFTA Chairs and the industries they were affiliated with, 1959-71 https://scispace.com/papers/the-ionized-circumstellar-envelopes-of-orion-source-i-and-1cp8ovf4kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recombination-line-parameters-for-bn-1qf3otzn.png Table 3 Recombination Line Parameters for BN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-srci-bn-flux-density-ratio-vs-year-at-43-ghz-filled-36p427tv.png Figure 5. SrcI/BN flux density ratio vs. year, at 43 GHz (filled squares) and at 86 GHz (circles), derived from the data in Table 2. This ratio should be immune to errors in the absolute flux scale, since the SrcI and BN are just 10′′ apart on the sky and are observed simultaneously. These data provide possible evidence that SrcI has brightened relative to BN since 1995. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-229-ghz-continuum-maps-of-orion-kl-from-carma-3ecm3vqa.png Figure 1. Left: 229 GHz continuum maps of Orion-KL from CARMA C- and B-array data. Black contours show the 0.′′83 resolution C-array map; the contour levels are −100,−50, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mJy beam−1. Negative contours are attributable to poorly sampled extended emission. Red contours show the 0.′′25 resolution B-array image; contour levels are 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mJy beam−1. Extended emission is almost entirely filtered out in this map; the most negative value is −30 mJy beam−1. Right: spectra of BN and SrcI near 232 GHz obtained from the 0.′′25 resolution image. Dashed lines indicate the continuum levels. The spectra have been Hanning smoothed to 30 km s−1 velocity resolution. The H30α line is detected toward BN, the H2O v2 = 1, 5(5,0)-6(4,3) line toward SrcI. Arrows in the SrcI spectrum indicate weak absorption features from transitions of ethyl cyanide, dimethyl ether, and methanol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-of-bn-and-srci-at-229-ghz-from-the-carma-a-2321ganz.png Figure 2. Images of BN and SrcI at 229 GHz from the CARMA A-array data. Each box is 0.′′6 on a side. The lowest contour and the contour interval is 15 mJy beam−1. The rms noise level is 2.6 mJy beam−1. The 0.′′15 × 0.′′13 synthesized beam is shown by a hatched ellipse in the upper left corner of each image. SrcI is extended at P.A. 140◦, as in 43 GHz VLA images (Reid et al. 2007; Goddi et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-parameters-for-srci-and-bn-at-229-ghz-ishuk9ni.png Table 1 Source Parameters for SrcI and BN at 229 GHz https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-integrated-flux-densities-for-srci-and-bn-gmwh1j9r.png Table 2 Integrated Flux Densities for SrcI and BN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hydrogen-recombination-lines-observed-toward-bn-3rhftefk.png Figure 4. Hydrogen recombination lines observed toward BN. H30α and H41/42α (the average of the two spectra) were observed with CARMA; H53α, with the VLA (Rodrı́guez et al. 2009). The H53α flux densities are scaled up by 4 for better visibility. Smooth curves show Gaussian fits to the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-radio-spectra-of-bn-and-srci-squares-indicate-3j673qy6.png Figure 3. Radio spectra of BN and SrcI. Squares indicate continuum flux densities; circles, flux densities at the peak of recombination lines. CARMA results presented in this paper are shown as red in the online edition. Solid and dashed lines show, respectively, the continuum and recombination line flux densities predicted by the models described in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.2.1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-journey-from-nurse-to-advanced-nurse-practitioner-4in39e3pyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mlnqpta5.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-k-group-nearest-neighbor-query-on-non-indexed-ram-41hmevjeyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-distance-calculations-of-the-algorithms-as-a-1jf1vfy4.png Fig. 4. (Left) # distance calculations of the algorithms as a function of K (RDD data set). (Right) # Points involved in calculations of the algorithms as a function of K (RDD data set). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-dx-distance-calculations-of-the-algorithms-as-a-7jvs7i9n.png Fig. 3. (Left) # dx-distance calculations of the algorithms as a function of the size of MBR M (1000K data set). (Right) # Points involved in calculations of the algorithms as a function of the size of MBR M (1000K data set). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-point-p-has-k-query-points-on-the-left-and-the-31fkfoxj.png Fig. 5. The point p has K query points on the left and the point p′ (p′.x > p.x) has K′ query points on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-points-of-p-and-q-the-centroid-the-median-of-the-140btfq4.png Fig. 1. The points of P and Q, the centroid, the median of the query points and the initial position of the sweep line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-execution-time-of-the-algorithms-as-a-function-of-3545qdul.png Fig. 2. (Left) Execution time of the algorithms as a function of M (RD data set). # (Right) Points involved in sumdist calculations of the algorithms as a function of M (RD data set). https://scispace.com/papers/the-kinetics-of-donor-cell-mtdna-in-embryonic-and-somatic-2gu64p741p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-percentage-and-se-of-b-indicus-mtdna-in-3gy0xwo7.png TABLE 1. MEAN PERCENTAGE AND SE OF B. INDICUS MTDNA IN RECONSTRUCTED BOVINE EMBRYOS FROM SOMATIC (NTF) AND EMBRYONIC (NT-B) DONOR CELLS DURING THE FOUR INITIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT TO THE BLASTOCYST STAGE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linear-regressions-obtained-from-amplification-of-oo9989bo.png FIG. 1. Linear regressions obtained from amplification of samples containing B. taurus and B. indicus mtDNA oocyte mixtures. The regression in (A) was used to correct samples showing more than 20% of heteroplasmy (R2 0.97). The regression in (B) was established using up to 50% heteroplasmy, and was used to correct measured sample values below 20% heteroplasmy (R2 0.82). Images in (C) show amplified mtDNA fragments of 365 bp (arrows) from oocyte mixtures containing from 33% (extreme left) to 11% (extreme right) B. indicus mtDNA loaded onto a 1.2% agarose gel. Image C1 was obtained from scanning the gel with 473–520 nm wavelengths to detect the fluorochrome 6-FAM (B. taurus mtDNA), and that of C2 was scanned with 532–580 nm to detect the fluorochrome TAMRA (B. indicus mtDNA) . Fluorochromestained primers remaining from the PCR (arrowheads). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-image-obtained-from-overlaying-the-scanned-images-of-9t8v31gp.png FIG. 4. Image obtained from overlaying the scanned images of one agarose gel subjected to an excitation-emission wavelength of 473–520 nm (B. taurus mtDNA) and of 532–580 nm (B. indicus mtDNA). Amplified 365-bp fragments (arrow) from oocyte (1), white blood cells (2), allantois (3), umbilical cord (4), cotyledon (5), uracus (6) and skin (7) using either B. taurus specific (A) or B. indicus specific (B) primers. Fluorochrome-stained primers remaining after the PCR are show for both wave length combinations (arrowheads). No B. indicus mtDNA was amplified in any of the tissues, suggesting an absence of donor-derived somatic cell mtDNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mitochondrial-segregation-in-nt-b-and-nt-f-embryos-3ryadpk7.png FIG. 3. Mitochondrial segregation in NT-B and NT-F embryos. Coefficient of variation (CV; in percentage) of heteroplasmy (vertical axis) for the five stages of embryo development for individuals arising from NT-B (without lines) and from NT-F procedures (with lines; horizontal axis). Black squares on the graph depict mean CV; thick bars depict median, while squares depict 1 SE (upper and lower thick bars) and whiskers depict maximal and minimal CV values. Because CV cannot be calculated for two values, for those individuals at the initial stage of cell development (G1), CVs were calculated as the ratio between the value of the heteroplasmy difference between both blastomeres and that of the blastomere containing the lowest level of heteroplasmy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-blastomeres-in-the-five-stages-of-2dxtziop.png FIG. 2. Distribution of blastomeres in the five stages of development from NT-B (A) and NT-F (B) procedures (horizontal axis) showing heteroplasmy level (vertical axis), and tendency lines. Values on the same vertical line represent blastomeres from the same embryo. Blastocysts are represented by a single point, because they were analyzed as whole embryos. Mean embryo heteroplasmy for NT-B and NT-F procedures are depicted in (C) and (D), respectively. Different letters indicate statistical differences between developmental stages involving the same procedure (p 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/the-kinetics-of-charging-and-discharging-of-iridium-oxide-1lvkvk9ip9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-8gyri9xd.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-knowledge-cultures-of-changing-farming-practices-in-a-2xbs2d2g8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-main-themes-and-sub-themes-identified-from-the-1hg3r5ow.png Table 2: The main themes and sub-themes identified from the fieldwork https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-in-samples-for-each-age-category-1zfbx1v3.png Table 1: Numbers in samples for each age category https://scispace.com/papers/the-labor-productivity-gap-between-female-and-male-managed-46k0vanex3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-density-estimates-of-the-log-of-labor-productivity-ma37v55h.png Figure 1: Density estimates of the log of labor productivity for female- and male-managed firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-base-ols-regressions-1rj9m8j5.png Table 3: Base OLS Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-test-of-mean-difference-qxk4atcw.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics and Test of Mean Difference by Gender of Top Manager https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-checks-t3fr47ae.png Table 8: Robustness Checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-main-estimations-by-sector-20921quy.png Table 5: Main Estimations by Sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-main-estimations-by-region-dependent-variable-log-of-2v7t5o0c.png Table 6: Main Estimations by Region Dependent Variable Log of Labor Productivity (Sales per Worker) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-estimating-gender-gaps-in-labor-productivity-2b0ik9ir.png Table 1: Studies estimating gender gaps in labor productivity in the formal and informal private sector (excl. agriculture) for developing countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-estimations-by-size-avyg4lbi.png Table 4: Main Estimations by Size https://scispace.com/papers/the-late-antique-glass-furnaces-in-the-hambach-forest-were-28qumtv79n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8a-b-scatterplots-showing-close-correspondence-of-1zvph6jy.png Fig. 8a, b: Scatterplots showing close correspondence of analytical results for barium between the WD-XRF analyses done in 1997 and the results by LA-ICPMS on the exact same samples, done in 2015. Horizontal error bars are for 2 standard deviation based on multiple Corning A and B analyses; vertical error bars, based on pers. comm. A. Kronz, are smaller than the symbols. The correspondence includes samples with very high barium concentrations, typical of some HIMT glasses. WD-XRF data from Wedepohl & Hartmann (2000); LAICPMS data B. Gratuze, IRAMAT (Orleans). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-late-antique-glass-factories-red-dots-furnaces-as-25wp56vl.png Fig. 1: Late Antique glass factories (red dots: furnaces as evidence; white dots: glass crucibles as evidence for glass-working) in the Rhineland (left) and (right) in the Hambach Forest south of the Roman road from Köln (Cologne) to Tongeren near Maastricht (black dots: sites with furnaces as evidence, white dots: glass-working surmised from finds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3a-b-scatterplots-showing-a-good-correspondence-of-d74r0b9e.png Fig. 3a, b: Scatterplots showing a good correspondence of analytical results for Al2O3 and Fe2O3 between the WD-XRF analyses done in 1997 and the results by LA-ICPMS on the exact same samples, done in 2015, but with a systematic offset of the two datasets. Horizontal error bars are for 2 standard deviations based on multiple Corning A and B analyses; vertical error bars, based on pers. comm. A. Kronz, are smaller than the symbols. Similar offsets were found for chromium (about 8 g/g lower in LA-ICPMS), phosphorus (about 0.01 wt% lower), and lead (about 35 g/g lower). WD-XRF data from Wedepohl & Hartmann (2000); LA-ICPMS data B. Gratuze, IRAMAT (Orleans). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-b-scatterplots-showing-the-remarkably-close-1svwyrig.png Fig. 2a, b: Scatterplots showing the remarkably close correspondence of analytical results for MnO and TiO2 between the WD-XRF analyses done in 1997 and the results by LA-ICPMS on the exact same samples, done in 2015. Horizontal error bars are for 2 standard deviations based on multiple Corning A and B analyses; vertical error bars, based on pers. comm. A. Kronz, are smaller than the symbols. A similarly good correspondence, although not always with the same high R2 value, was found for zirconium (R2 = 0.98), strontium (0.98), barium (0.97), magnesium (0.90), vanadium (0.89), and potassium (0.67). WD-XRF data from Wedepohl & Hartmann (2000); LA-ICPMS data B. Gratuze, IRAMAT (Orleans). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scatterplots-showing-the-separation-in-two-groups-by-1mpx4cu9.png Fig. 6: Scatterplots showing the separation in two groups by their manganese and iron oxide content. LA-ICPMS data B. Gratuze, IRAMAT (Orleans). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scatterplots-showing-the-separation-between-himt-and-363jdkjw.png Fig. 7: Scatterplots showing the separation between HIMT and série 3.2 analyses; compare Fig. 3.2 in Cholakova & Rehren (2018) for a more comprehensive presentation of the relationship between série 3.2 and similar compositional groups recently described in the literature. LA-ICPMS data B. Gratuze, IRAMAT (Orleans). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-b-scatterplots-showing-a-very-tight-correlation-1ch9zf4o.png Fig. 4a, b: Scatterplots showing a very tight correlation between zirconium and titanium oxide in the analysed glass samples, falling into two separate groups (left), and a similar clear separation based on iron oxide and alumina (right). LA-ICPMS data B. Gratuze, IRAMAT (Orleans). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesis-of-hambach-forest-hafo-sites-from-which-we-3qztcfkx.png Table 1: Synthesis of Hambach Forest (HaFo) sites from which we analysed glass finds (obj = finished objects; ww = working waste; cr = crucible glass), and their date range. Each site consists of an abandoned villa rustica reused for glass working; some have associated graves with glass vessels. See Table 2 (Sample Catalogue) for details. https://scispace.com/papers/the-latent-topic-block-model-for-the-co-clustering-of-4qfb9ytbmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-in-ltbm-zyhmlg4u.png Table 1: Notations in LTBM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-reorganized-incidence-matrix-where-nearby-rows-3p3mhrns.png Figure 8: The Reorganized incidence matrix where nearby rows/columns belong to the same row/column cluster (delimited by grey lines). The colors of the cells mark the main topic used for the corresponding article. One coloured dash marks an interaction/article involving the corresponding pair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ltbm-is-fitted-on-a-dataset-simulated-according-to-zehaaox8.png Figure 3: LTBM is fitted on a dataset simulated according to Setup 3. The evolution of the lower bound during the optimization process can be seen on the left. In the colored adjacency matrix on the right, rows and columns are reorganized according to the final clustering provided by the C-VEM algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-reorganized-incidence-matrix-where-nearby-rows-3copplfz.png Figure 5: The Reorganized incidence matrix where nearby rows/columns belong to the same row/column cluster (delimited by grey lines). The colors of the cells mark the main topic used for the corresponding reviews. One colored dash marks an interaction/review between the corresponding pair. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-amazon-fine-food-dataset-statistics-2hoxqhyq.png Table 3: Amazon fine food dataset statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-list-of-the-most-representative-words-of-each-3d9vviz0.png Figure 9: A list of the most representative words of each topic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-model-parameters-in-3g38xe1x.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of the model parameters in each setup. Each image represents the parameters π and θ. The density of the coloured grids represents the probability of connections. All the individuals/objects are uniformly split into the row/column clusters. Different colors are associated with different topics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-ltbm-1ezgrujq.png Figure 1: Graphical representation of LTBM. https://scispace.com/papers/the-learners-experience-of-variation-following-students-4yyp1jyxms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-introductory-textbook-illustrations-of-absorption-2lqc2act.png Figure 2. Introductory textbook illustrations of absorption and emission set around four equally spaced orbits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-four-examples-given-2pxib7tc.png Table 2: Summary of the four examples given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-introductory-textbook-illustrations-of-emission-set-1x7l1le4.png Figure 3. Introductory textbook illustrations of emission set around four energy steps of equal height. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-relation-between-three-aspects-of-the-bohr-model-268hbm09.png Table 1: The relation between three aspects of the Bohr model and the three representations in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-screen-dump-of-the-bohr-model-simulation-is-shown-33lypvxx.png Figure 1. A ‘screen dump’ of the Bohr model-simulation is shown. At the top left is the orbital diagram, at the top right is the energy level diagram and at the bottom is the spectral line diagram (in terms of wavelength). By (mouse)clicking at the orbit numbers, the electron can be transferred between the orbits, and the history of transitions is recorded as arrows in the energy level diagram. The last transition before the screen dump was taken, was between energy level 5 (E5) and E6, being the transition with smallest energy difference (0.16 eV) and the corresponding spectral line with the longest wavelength (λ=7458 nm shown at lower right corner) is flashing (not shown) rightmost in the scale. On the left hand bottom an arrow has been added to the picture indicating the ‘green line’ in the spectral diagram (the seventh line from the right). The colour of light associated with this spectral line is green, lines to the left are blue, while lines to the right are red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tutorial-question-set-around-a-set-of-four-qzg4phs1.png Figure 4. Tutorial question set around a set of four differentially spaced energy levels. https://scispace.com/papers/the-learning-curve-in-a-competitive-industry-obgtwflrkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-equilibrium-in-example-2-325d4jn3.png TABLE 1: THE EQUILIBRIUM IN EXAMPLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonexistence-of-equilibrium-pponitd4.png Figure 2: Nonexistence of Equilibrium https://scispace.com/papers/the-lhcb-outer-tracker-detector-design-and-production-soi4p51l33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-side-view-of-the-lhcb-detector-in-its-cavern-the-3lfw8mxa.png Fig. 1. Side view of the LHCb detector in its cavern. The stations of the main tracker are indicated with T1 to T3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-three-main-tracker-stations-with-their-inner-and-1lzk8kog.png Fig. 2. The three main tracker stations with their Inner and Outer Tracker detectors and the LHCb beampipe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-half-module-assembly-including-the-feed-through-hmfm4wru.png Fig. 8. A half module assembly including the Feed-Through board. “1” indicates the straw tubes with their grounding contacts marked at “2”. At “3” the spring loaded ground contact can be seen and “4” marks the connector to the Front-End electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-photograph-of-the-module-assembly-tool-both-the-upper-8dv0ingn.png Fig. 10. Photograph of the module assembly tool. Both the upper and lower support structures hold a half module which are to be joined shortly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-photographs-of-a-pre-amplifier-board-with-two-asdblr-5dfixau5.png Fig. 9. Photographs of a pre-amplifier board with two ASDBLR chips (left) and a OTIS TDC board (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-photograph-of-the90sr-scanner-tool-a-drive-belt-on-1k0t8tn5.png Fig. 12. Photograph of the90Sr scanner tool. A drive belt (on the left) displaces the shielded source over the module on the table below. The inset shows the intensity profile of the90Sr source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-result-of-a90sr-scan-of-a-module-plotted-are-the-ym95mzt6.png Fig. 13. Result of a90Sr scan of a module. Plotted are the relative wire currents, corrected for the source profile. https://scispace.com/papers/the-local-dominance-effect-in-self-evaluation-evidence-and-3v4w4p5yws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evidence-for-the-local-dominance-effect-68-12etgzxo.png Table 1: Evidence for the local dominance effect ..........................................................68 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchical-feedback-levels-along-the-local-1dgd7dbe.png Figure 1: Hierarchical feedback levels along the local-general continuum ....................70 https://scispace.com/papers/the-local-economic-impact-of-shale-gas-extraction-2n8mj7iuyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-second-level-spatial-distribution-of-expenditure-1ok2vvi0.png FIG 1: The Second-Level Spatial Distribution of Expenditure (after tax and dividend payments) Reported by Individual Firms within the Bowland Shale Gas Supply Chain, June-September 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regional-distribution-of-bowland-field-supply-chain-2npatn18.png Table 2: Regional Distribution of Bowland Field Supply Chain Expenditure, July 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-gas-in-place-estimates-trillion-cubic-feet-tcf-3u3xyg5e.png Table 1: Total Gas in Place Estimates (trillion cubic feet, tcf) https://scispace.com/papers/the-lowest-vibration-spectra-of-multi-component-structures-42gfcr5mi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mass-sping-system-348wwt83.png Figure 11: Mass-sping system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-leading-order-approximation-72-of-the-eigenform-of-17yqr4xk.png Figure 8: Leading order approximation (72) of the eigenform of a three-layered cylinder with li = l, i = 0, . . . , 3 and b1 = 1, b3 = 3, δ1 ≈ 1.44, δ3 ≈ 3.48, (a) 3D profile and (b) 2D cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-multi-component-piecewise-homogeneous-rod-2i5dvv6t.png Figure 1: A multi-component piecewise-homogeneous rod. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-leading-order-approximation-77-of-the-eigenform-of-2w1ikc1e.png Figure 10: Leading order approximation (77) of the eigenform of a five-layered cylinder with k ≈ −0.75 and li = l, i = 0, ..., 5, b1 = 1, b3 = 3, b5 = 5, δ1 ≈ 1.44, δ3 ≈ 3.48, δ5 ≈ 5.48, (a) 3D profile and (b) 2D cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-leading-order-approximation-77-of-the-eigenform-of-20tmenr7.png Figure 9: Leading order approximation (77) of the eigenform of a five-layered cylinder with k ≈ 0.74 and li = l, i = 0, ..., 5, b1 = 1, b3 = 3, b5 = 5, δ1 ≈ 1.44, δ3 ≈ 3.48, δ5 ≈ 5.48, (a) 3D profile and (b) 2D cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-section-of-a-hollow-multi-layered-circular-1yjyzmnt.png Figure 6: Cross-section of a hollow multi-layered circular cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-five-component-piecewise-homogeneous-rod-fkdcdubg.png Figure 4: A five-component piecewise-homogeneous rod. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-asymptotic-expansions-42-of-the-eigenform-of-a-38e7eion.png Figure 3: Asymptotic expansions (42) of the eigenform of a regular three-component rod at ε = 0 (solid line) and ε = 0.1, c = 1 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnetofection-method-using-magnetic-force-to-enhance-35skf2234y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-electron-micrographs-of-magnetic-particle-complex-1dg34mk0.png Fig. 5 Electron Micrographs of Magnetic Particle Complex Uptake in HeLa Cells. HeLa cells were seeded in 35 mm dishes at a density of 300 000 cells/well on the day prior transfection. Magnetic particle-DNA complexes were prepared at a particle:DNA ratio (w/w) of 2 (4 µg/ml final DNA concentration in 5% glucose). The magnetic particle type used here were multi-domain iron oxide core coated with a multilayer of polyethylenimine (800 kDa, Fluka). Cells were kept in 1 ml of medium, dishes placed on the magnetic plate, 250 µl DNA complex were added and incubated for 15 min. Cells were then washed gently and fixed in Sorensens buffer containing 1% glutaraldehyde for one hour, washed again, post-fixed in 1% aqueous osmium tetroxide, washed, and subjected to a dehydration series in graded ethanols. The samples were embedded in Epon. After sectioning, the samples were counter-stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. (A) Sample prepared directly after 15 min of magnetofection. (B) Sample prepared after 15 min magnetofection and 24 hours of further incubation. The pictures show endocytotic uptake of magnetic particle-DNA complexes. After 24 hours particles are frequently found inside cells, often in membrane-surrounded structures and even in the nucleus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-magnetofection-vectors-and-magnetic-3v7ulu3d.png Fig. 1 Principle of Magnetofection. Vectors and magnetic particles are associated by an appropriate linkage, in our case by salt-induced colloid aggregation (see Figure 2). For this purpose, magnetic particles were coated with polyelectrolytes, i.e. the polyelectrolyte is tightly bound to the particle surface. In most of the experiments shown here, polyethylenimine (PEI) was used as coating polyelectrolyte. If such particles are mixed with naked DNA, lipoplexes or polyplexes (such as PEI-DNA) in salt-containing buffer they will bind to or co-aggregate with these compounds. Cells are incubated with the vector-magnetic particle cocktail under the influence of a magnetic field which attracts the particles toward the cells. We have constructed magnetic plates from Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets (Scherer et al., 2002). The result of magnetofection is that essentially all cells get in contact with vectors and a high percentage of cells are rapidly transfected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transfection-kinetics-and-dose-response-profile-of-t4ax24is.png Fig. 6 Transfection Kinetics and Dose-Response Profile of Standard Transfection and Magnetofection in NIH 3T3 Cells Using the Reagents Lipofectamine and GenePorter. The experiment was set up such as the one shown in Figure 3 with a fixed magnetic particle:DNA ratio of 2:1 (w/w), a DNA dose of 100 ng/well for the kinetics study in (A) and (B), and a serial dilution for the dose-response study in (C) and (D), and with 4 µl of Lipofectamine and 5 µl of GenePorter used per µg of DNA, respectively. The experiments shown in (A) and (B) were carried out with one culture plate each positioned upon the magnetic plate throughout the maximum incubation time of 240 minutes, one plate was kept under standard conditions. The vector formulations were removed from individual wells in triplicates each and cells in these wells were washed after 5, 10, 20, 40, and 240 minutes of incubation. The luciferase assay was carried out 20 hours after the start of the experiment. Under the conditions tested, maximum expression was found already after 5 min with Lipofectamine, while transfection efficiency increased over time but with a moderate slope with GenePorter (42% of the final reporter gene expression level was already achieved after 5 min). Consistently, the Figures show that 10 min of magnetofection are sufficient to achieve the transfection levels obtained with the standard reagent using 4 hours of transfection. At any time point, GenePorter formulations were more efficient than Lipofectamine formulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vector-association-with-magnetic-particles-salt-3obamn3u.png Fig. 2 Vector Association with Magnetic Particles: Salt-Induced Colloid Aggregation. (A) A ternary complex was prepared in water by mixing DNA with PEI-coated magnetic particles and additional free PEI (10 µg DNA/ml final concentration; 25 kDa PEI from Aldrich). Salt-induced aggregation was initialized by adjusting the ionic strenght to 150 mM sodium chloride. The complex aggregated with approx. linear kinetics starting at 217.0±2.0 nm and remaining in the sub-micrometer range within two hours (size measurement by dynamic light scattering using a Malvern 3000 HS Zetasizer). (B) Electron microgaphs of PEIcoated magnetic particles (transMAG-PEI, left) and their associates with PEI-DNA vectors produced by salt-induced aggregation (right) as described in (A). The micrographs show that the magnetic particles are multi-domain structures of irregular shape. The resulting DNA complexes (right) display a tight association of PEI-DNA structures (gray/black spherical structures) with magnetic particles. Electron microscopy was performed as described by Erbacher et al. (1999). (C) DNA binding isotherms. DNA was labeled with [125I] according to the Commerford method modified as described by Terebesi et al. (1998). DNA (squares) or PEI-DNA complexes (circles; N/P ratio=8) were mixed with magnetic particles in water at increasing particle:DNA weight ratios, final DNA concentration 10 µg/ml. The N/P ratio is the ratio of the nitrogen atoms of PEI to the phosphate groups of DNA in the complex. In water (open squares and circles) magnetic particles did not associate with PEI-DNA complexes but bound naked DNA. Upon adjustment of the ionic strength to 150 mM sodium chloride, binding of naked DNA was enhanced up to 1.7-fold at a given weigth ratio. A sigmoidal binding curve was obtained for PEIDNA. The binding curves demonstrate the importance of salt-induced aggregation for vector-particle association and show that positively charged magnetic particles can easily be associated with positively charged gene vectors. Interestingly, PEI-DNA vectors displayed a similar binding behaviour with negatively charged magnetic particles (data not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-magnetofection-and-standard-transfection-of-the-colon-ptmnxkbx.png Fig. 8 Magnetofection and Standard Transfection of the Colon Carcinoma Cell Line CT26 with the Transfection Reagent DMRIE-C Using Green Fluorescent Protein Gene as Reporter. One vol. equiv. DNA stock (12 µg/ml in Optimem) was mixed with 2 vol. equiv. DMRIE-C suspension (30 µl/ml in Optimem), followed by mixing with one vol. equiv. magnetic particles (12 µg/ml in Optimem) or with Optimem alone. A dilution series was prepared after 30 min of incubation. Cells (seeded in 24 well plates, supplemented with 200 µl/well fresh Optimem prior transfection) were transfected by addition of 200 µl of complexes, containing DNA doses of 600, 300 and 150 ng DNA. The culture plate was positioned on a magnetic plate during the first 15 min of incubation, which was continued for a total of 5 hours. Then the medium was exchanged for RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FCS. Fluorescence images were taken 24 hours after complex addition. The Figure shows the strong improvement in percentage of transfected cells which is particularly apparent at the lower DNA doses. Magnetofection of 150 ng DNA resulted in higher efficiency than with 600 ng DNA in standard vector formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-magnetofection-and-standard-transfection-of-antisense-3ky5264d.png Fig. 9 Magnetofection and Standard Transfection of Antisense Oligonucleotides in HUVECs. Cy3-labeled anti-SHP-1 phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) were transfected using Effectene™ in combination with magnetofection. Antisense-ODN (200 ng per well of a 24- well plate, ca. 60 nM) were mixed with buffer EC (volume added to result in a final volume of 30 µl after step (1), Effectene™ enhancer solution (w/v ratio of 8) and magnetic particles (B) (1 mg/ml suspension; w/w ratio of 1) or water only (A), vortexed for 1 second, and incubated for 2 – 5 minutes (step 1). Then, Effectene™ (w/v ratio of 20) was added, followed by vortexing for 10 seconds and incubation for 5 – 10 minutes, and terminated by addition of medium 199 supplemented with 20% NBCS and antibiotics (HUVEC medium) to a final volume of 200 µl (transfection mixture). Before addition of the transfection mixture (200 µl each) to confluent HUVEC, the cells were washed once with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and supplemented with 200 µl of HUVEC medium. The culture plates were positioned on magnetic plates for 15 minutes, followed by washing the cells 3 times with PBS and continued cultivation in medium for 2 hours. Images were taken using an inverted laser scanning microscope (LSM 410, Zeiss, Jena, Germany). (A) Standard transfection; (B) magneto- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dose-response-profiles-of-magnetofection-of-cho-k1-37eu4a5j.png Fig. 3 Dose-Response Profiles of Magnetofection of CHO-K1 Cells with the GenePorter Reagent. One vol. equivalents of DNA stock solutions in DMEM (20 µg/ml) were added to equal volumes each of a serial dilution of magnetic particles in DMEM, mixed, and then mixed immediately with two vol. equivalents GenePorter dilution (50 µl/ml in DMEM). The samples were diluted with DMEM to a volume corresponding to 20 vol. equivalents, then a series of two-fold dilution steps in DMEM was performed in a 96-well plate. The medium from cells that were seeded in 4 plates at a density of 20 000 cells/96 well was removed and 100 µl each of DNA complexes were added in triplicates. Two plates each were incubated as usual and two plates each on a magnetic plate for 10 min and 4 hours, respectively. The 10 min incubation plates were washed and then supplemented with fresh medium containing 10% FCS and penicilllin/streptomycin. To the 4 hour plates 100 µl/well of fresh medium containing 20% FCS (+ pen/strep) were added without a washing step. The luciferase assay was carried out as described (Finsinger et al., 2000) after 24 hours. The Figure shows that the transfection efficiency decreased at higher magnetic particle doses probably due to toxicity. A magnetic particle to DNA ratio of 4 turned out useful at all DNA doses. The data points represent the averages of triplicates ± standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetofection-of-nih-3t3-cells-using-the-4viaru2t.png Fig. 4 Magnetofection of NIH 3T3 Cells Using the DOTAPCholesterol Reagent and Magnetic Particles with Positive and Negative Surface Charges. DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). DOTAP/ cholesterol (molar ratio 1:0.9) liposomes were prepared essentially as described (Meyer et al., 1995) as 5 mM (DOTAP) suspension in 5% glucose. Two mixing protocols were used. ( , ): one vol. equivalent DNA stock solution in HBS (30 µg/ml) was mixed with one vol. equiv. DOTAP/chol liposome stock (455 µM DOTAP in HBS) followed by mixing with one vol. equiv. magnetic particle suspensions (30 µg/ml). ( , ): using the same reagents, first magnetic particles and DNA were mixed and then added to DOTAP-chol. Magnetic particles were transMAG-PO4 (coating with phosphorylated starch), transMAG-PEI (coating with PEI). A dilution series was prepared to yield the indicated DNA doses per well (50 µl aliquots of DNA complexes were added per well in triplicates). Cells were seeded 7 hours prior transfection at a density of 30 000 cells/well in 150 µl DMEM/10% FCS/pen,strep. Per setup, experiments were carried out with (full symbols) and without positioning on a magnetic plate (open symbols) during 10 min of incubation followed by medium change. https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnetic-distortion-probe-velocimetry-in-conducting-2v1bxibbsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-evolution-of-the-standard-deviations-of-6j1h5fsz.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Evolution of the standard deviations of the probed velocities as a function of the forcing frequency F in the von-Kármán flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-time-signals-of-reference-potential-probe-368pynzv.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Time signals of reference potential probe and magnetic-distortion probe in the von-Kármán flow in the counter rotating regime – 20 kHz acquisition rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-spectral-coherence-between-the-reference-3m8dil7r.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Spectral coherence between the reference potential probe upotx and the magnetic-distortion probe u mag dist https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-typical-correlation-functions-in-the-2n3xuzfp.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Typical correlation functions in the counter-rotating regime, forcing at F = 10 Hz. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-power-spectral-densities-of-noise-figure-k7pi85z2.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Power spectral densities of noise figure and velocities in the counter rotating case at F = 10 Hz as a function of the normalized frequency ( f/F). Upper solid curve corresponding to upotx , middle dashed curve corresponding to umag distx in the counter rotating regime, and lower curves correponding to noise figures (see inset). Acquisition rate: 20 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-power-spectral-density-of-the-reference-19fdqpal.png FIG. 12. (Color online) Power spectral density of the reference potential probe with no large-scale applied magnetic field (upper dashed curve) and with BL0 = 15 G (upper solid curve). Associated power spectral densities of the magnetic distortion probe with no large-scale applied magnetic field (lower dashed curve) and with BL0 = 15 G for the uncorrected magneticdistortion probe (middle solid curve) and corrected magnetic-distortion probe (lower solid curve). Counter-rotating flow at F = 10 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-sketch-of-the-probe-assembly-showing-3jdk9e50.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Sketch of the probe assembly showing only two Hall-effect sensors and two tungsten electrodes. The magnetic distortion probe consists of a permanent magnet and magnetic sensors (Hall-effect sensors) probing the induced magnetic field. A reference potential probe is inserted at the same location. (b) Geometry of the magnetic distortion probe used for calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-cross-sections-of-the-pipe-flow-and-86rq66yw.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Cross sections of the pipe flow and inserted magneticdistortion probe. https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnitudes-of-economic-and-non-economic-factors-on-the-cauddd0o80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-domestic-air-passenger-miles-of-the-top-five-u-s-3env5ndg.png Figure 3: Domestic Air Passenger Miles of the Top Five U.S. Carriers for the Period of 2000:Q1-2012:Q3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-result-of-f-test-for-seasonality-1upfudf9.png Table 3: Result of F-test for Seasonality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-u-s-airline-mergers-and-acquisitions-1w5yyqew.png Table 1: U.S. Airline Mergers and Acquisitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-3dz3n9bx.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-domestic-air-passenger-miles-for-the-period-of-130yomkp.png Figure 1: U.S. Domestic Air Passenger Miles for the Period of 2000:Q1-2012:Q3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-u-s-nominal-and-real-average-air-fares-per-wgcrqi04.png Figure 2: U.S. Nominal and Real Average Air Fares per Passenger Mile for the Period of 2000:Q1-2012:Q3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-result-of-seemingly-unrelated-regression-estimation-19eo01n3.png Table 4: Result of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) https://scispace.com/papers/the-max-iv-design-pushing-the-envelope-3ovkscilsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-half-dipole-magnet-cross-section-fykwkrxz.png Figure 3: Half dipole magnet cross section. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-injector-nac-rameters-1xn2vxnn.png Table 1: Injector nac rameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-machine-functions-for-one-supercell-21k2kr82.png Figure 2: Machine functions for one supercell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-aperture-at-the-middle-of-the-long-straight-1wlcsa0k.png Figure 4: Dynamic aperture at the middle of the long straight sections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-brilliance-plots-for-the-max-iv-storage-rings-and-1rqjryaw.png Figure 5: Brilliance plots for the MAX IV storage rings and the MAX II ring. https://scispace.com/papers/the-massive-survey-v-spatially-resolved-stellar-angular-2ws5mb11pe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-kinematic-results-for-ngc-5129-three-3ps545cn.png Figure 2. Example kinematic results for NGC 5129. Three representative spectra are shown (top row) for the center fiber, a bin at intermediate radius, and an outermost bin, respectively. The corresponding bin locations are shown on the right, along with the galaxy image. For each spectrum, the best-fit pPXF result (in color) is superimposed on top of the observed spectrum (black). The radial profiles of all six velocity moments are shown (middle and bottom rows). At each radius, the moments for the various azimuthal bins are shaded in decreasing grey scale from black (for bins along positive major axis), to grey (minor axis), to white (negative major axis). The 2D maps of the stellar velocity V and dispersion σ are also shown. Re is shown by a dotted line, and the physical scale is shown by a thick bar representing 10 kpc in the V and σ maps. A condensed version of this figure is provided for each galaxy in Appendix D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-radial-profiles-of-velocity-dispersion-s-for-the-41-238gbey8.png Figure 8. Radial profiles of velocity dispersion σ for the 41 MASSIVE galaxies. The three panels show the sample in three MK bins, with roughly equal numbers of galaxies in each bin. The lines are color-coded by whether they are well-fit by a single power law (magenta) or a broken power law (green); see text for details. For each galaxy, the half-light radius Re is indicated by the line becoming fainter outside of Re . Both the normalization and the shape changes for profiles in the different bins of MK . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-angular-momentum-within-re-le-l-re-vs-ellipticity-e-2rbbwl0o.png Figure 3. Angular momentum within Re (λe ≡ λ(< Re )) vs ellipticity ε for the 41 MASSIVE galaxies (circles/ellipses; symbol shape represents ε) and the ATLAS3D sample (faint squares). The gray dotted curve illustrates the cutoff of λe = 0.31 √ ε between fast rotators and slow rotators used in ATLAS3D . All slow rotators are shown in red, while fast rotators are shown in blue for ATLAS3D galaxies and color-coded individually for MASSIVE galaxies (see Figure 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-velocity-dispersion-measured-within-f28b43wj.png Figure 6. Comparison of velocity dispersion measured within two apertures, Re vs Re/8, for the 41 MASSIVE galaxies. The latter is approximately the same as the velocity dispersion from our central fiber, σc , listed in Table 1. The solid black line shows the best-fit correction from this paper; the various gray lines show the aperture corrections using logarithmic slopes from the literature: −0.04 (Jorgensen et al. 1995), −0.06 (Mehlert et al. 2003), and −0.066 (Cappellari et al. 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-velocity-dispersion-calculated-from-1otat5p9.png Figure 7. Velocity dispersion calculated from luminosityweighted average over bins, compared to velocity dispersion calculated by fitting a single composite spectrum, for the 41 MASSIVE galaxies. Colors and shapes show fast/slow rotator status and ellipticity, as in Figure 3. In all cases, the σ values shown here are calculated out to the same radius for both averages and composites (maximum R ranges from 15 to 30′′, adjusted to avoid asymmetries due to masked neighbors; this is very close to Re for many galaxies). The left panel shows the result of a simple luminosityweighted average over σ for each bin, which is in practice nearly identical to 〈σ〉e as listed in Table 1. The right panel shows the result of averaging over a combined V and σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-radial-gradients-of-h4-vs-g2-the-gradient-in-jw2icsz3.png Figure 14. Radial gradients of h4 vs γ2, the gradient in velocity dispersion at large radius, as discussed in Section 5.2 and Appendix C. The two are positively correlated. In dynamical modeling, h4 and σ together are used to constrain both the mass profile and the velocity anisotropy; see text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-large-radius-behavior-of-s-profiles-quantified-by-3vmc5pkh.png Figure 13. Large-radius behavior of σ profiles (quantified by power law index γ2, where γ2 > 0 indicates a rising profile) vs galaxy luminosity MK (top) and dark matter halo mass Mhalo (bottom) for the 41 MASSIVE galaxies. The three symbols distinguish three galaxy environments: brightest group galaxy (circles), satellite galaxy in a group (triangles), and “isolated” galaxy with fewer than 3 members in the 2MRS group catalog (stars). The central velocity dispersion σc is indicated by color. At a given MK , the highest values of σc are associated with the lowest values of γ2. Six out of the seven isolated galaxies have γ2 . 0 (see top panel). Isolated galaxies have no halo mass measurement and are not shown in the bottom panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-average-h4-top-panel-and-central-h4-bottom-panel-3p0xg5je.png Figure 11. Average h4 (top panel) and central h4 (bottom panel) for each galaxy in our sample, vs MK . The average h4 is computed using a luminosity-weighted average over all bins within Re of each galaxy; the central h4 is measured from the central fiber. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mechanistic-foundation-of-weber-s-law-3z4mlir0ew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-breakdown-of-webers-law-for-short-controlled-sound-58whnfgz.png Figure 3: Breakdown of Weber’s law for short controlled sound durations (A) Psychometric functions for three conditions where the maximum sound duration SDmax was 75, 150, 250 ms and for the RT sessions where the sound always stopped only when the choice was made. Empty dots are individual rats (n=4) and filled dots are mean ± SD across rats. Fits are from a two parameter logistic function (slope and asymptote; see Methods). (B) Difference between the discriminability index (d’) for the RT sessions and for each SDmax, separately for each of the two ABLs as a function 1/SDmax (filled circles; mean ± SD across rats). We used 1/SDmax to avoid having to arbitrarily specify a SDmax for the RT sessions. Lines are fits to a sigmoidal function (see Methods). Arrows show the four SDmax for which psychometric functions are shown in (A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-decision-thresholds-and-role-of-motivation-1qkfohv2.png Figure 5: Optimal decision thresholds and role of motivation. (A) Curves show reward rate as a function of decision threshold for each ABL separately (see Methods). Filled colored circles are the optimal decision thresholds. Dashed line shows the actual fitted decision threshold. (B) Choose-right probability (mean ± SD across rats) for hard versus control blocks. (C) Choose-right probabilities (mean ± SD across rats) for standard blocks and for ’uneven reward’ blocks where rewards for correct choices in the two hardest (easiest) conditions are 20% larger (smaller). See Methods for details on task manipulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-task-structure-and-stimulus-set-a-schematic-1ke3zldy.png Figure 1: Task structure and stimulus set. (A) Schematic depiction of different task events. Rats were rewarded with water for making the correct choice and were punished with a time delay for making an error. (B) Time-line of relevant task events. FT, fixation time. RT, reaction time. MT, movement time. (C) Stimulus set. All sounds were cosine-ramped broadband (5-20 KHz) noise bursts. The ABL (ILD) of a particular stimulus is given by the average (difference – by convention right minus left) of the intensity of the sound in dB SPL (sound level SL) across both speakers. P0 = 20 µPa is the reference pressure of the SPL scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-behavioral-correlates-of-level-invariant-ild-315h9dlu.png Figure 2: Behavioral correlates of level-invariant ILD discrimination (A) Choose-right probabilities as a function of ILD for each ABL separately (mean ± SD across rats). (B) Sensitivity (d’, left) and criterion (c, right) for each animal (n = 5; black: mean ± SD across rats). (C) Reaction time (mean ± SEM across rats; full reaction time distributions (RTDs) for individual rats are shown in Fig. S9) as a function of difficulty for each ABL separately. (D) RTDs for the three ABLs are shown separately for each difficulty, and combined across difficulties (right). For all RTDs, the dashed line indicates the time at which RTs become condition-dependent (90 ms, scale bar in all plots – see Methods; Fig. S3). Each RTD contains all data for that condition from all rats. (E) For each difficulty, we have rescaled time uniformly (see Methods; Fig. S4) to maximize the overlap of each RTD with that of the loudest sound (ABL = 60 dB SPL). (Inset) Accuracy of the shape-invariance of the RTDs. Each bar is the R2 of a linear fit of the percentiles of each RTD against those of the RTD for ABL = 60 dB SPL (see Methods; Fig. S4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-fits-a-psychometric-function-black-circles-135a5qei.png Figure 4: Model fits. (A) Psychometric function. Black circles show choose-right probabilities (mean ± SD across rats). For each rat, the responses to the three ABLs where averaged. Line shows the best fit to this data from the single-parameter (Γ) model in Eq. 1. (B) Circles show the 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 quantiles (mean ± SEM across rats; Model fits for individual rats are shown in Fig. S9) of the RT distribution. Each plot is one ABL (same color code as in Fig. 2). These are the statistics that were used for fitting the remaining four model parameters (see text and Methods). Black lines represent model fits (C) RT histograms for each ABL and difficulty (color) and for the best fit model (black). https://scispace.com/papers/the-metabolic-transition-of-a-planned-economy-material-flows-u8gbq3sbkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-annual-growth-rates-of-socio-economic-and-1urxz9td.png Table 1: Average annual growth rates of socio-economic and metabolic indicators during different periods of development. Rates for the periods of collapse and restructuring refer to the whole former Soviet Union. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-international-comparison-of-socio-metabolic-3s9jgslh.png Figure 2: International comparison of socio-metabolic indicators. Metabolic rates (DMC per capita and year) (2a) and share of mineral and fossil materials in DMC (2b) for UK, USA, Japan and USSR in the period 1900–2008. Sources: Schandl and Schulz (2002) and Weisz et al. (2007) (UK); Gierlinger and Krausmann (2011) (USA), Krausmann et al. (2011) (Japan). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-development-of-metabolic-rates-dmc-per-capita-and-1izjo1ms.png Figure 3: Development of metabolic rates (DMC per capita and year) (3a) and material productivity (MP; GDP per DMC) (3b) in Eastern European planned economies from 1961– 2009. Source: Böhm (2015) (Romania); Altaparkmanova (2015) (Bulgaria); Kovanda and Hak (2011) (Czechoslovakia (CZSK)); SEC (2015) (Poland). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aggregate-material-flow-indicators-for-the-ussr-and-16bomjrc.png Figure 1: Aggregate material flow indicators for the USSR and the FSU for the period 1900– 2008. Domestic Extraction (Fig. 1a), Physical Trade Balance (Fig. 1b), Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) and GDP (splitting the period 1992 to 2010 into the Russian Federation and other successor states) (Fig. 1c) and Domestic Material Consumption per capita (metabolic rate) (Fig. 1d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-material-productivity-gdp-dmc-4a-and-intensity-of-1ijgiesj.png Figure 4: Material productivity (GDP/DMC) (4a) and Intensity of use of fossil and mineral materials (DMCfoss&min per unit of GDP) (4b) in the UK, USA, Japan and USSR. Sources: See Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-method-heliosat-2-for-deriving-shortwave-solar-radiation-2novy1uk0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-of-the-method-heliosat-1-relative-values-of-2wsfkr75.png Table 2. Accuracy of the method Heliosat-1 (relative values of bias and root mean square error RMSE) as found in the literature. A positive bias means under-estimation. Heliosat-1/Zelenka means the version made by A. Zelenka, and Heliosat-1/EHF that of the EHF of the University of Oldenburg. Adapted from Rigollier (2000). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-rmse-in-wh-m-2-reported-by-authors-having-8kq33219.png Table 1. Errors (RMSE, in Wh m-2) reported by authors having developed a method using the Heliosat-1 principles. N/A: Not Available https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-stations-used-for-the-comparison-161t24xh.png Table 3. List of stations used for the comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-between-measured-and-estimated-values-in-2ih0tf6m.png Table 4. Differences between measured and estimated values in Wh m-2. The mean value is that of the ground measurements. The percentages are expressed relatively to this mean value. https://scispace.com/papers/the-meteomet2-project-highlights-and-results-2smxnlatqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-the-uncalibrated-microwave-2q382tmi.png Figure 1. Comparison between the uncalibrated microwave hygrometer developed at CNAM and a calibrated chilled mirror hygrometer supplied by CETIAT (µwave – chilled mirror). sccm = standard cubic centimeters. The picture shows also comparisons of the microwave hygrometer and the chilled mirror with theoretically calculated humidity values in low flow regime (2 sccm) and high flow regime (200 sccm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dependence-of-the-self-heating-effect-in-a-prt-with-1l5u21s4.png Figure 6. Dependence of the self-heating effect in a PRT with the electrical current applied to the resistance sensing element of the thermometer and dependence of the self-heating effect with the medium surrounding the trmometer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-self-heating-effect-under-different-wind-speeds-at-46j0t6nq.png Figure 7. Self-heating effect under different wind speeds at 1 ms-1 (a) and 5 ms-1 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calibration-results-of-the-fiber-bragg-grating-2nojqv5x.png Figure 5. Calibration results of the fiber Bragg grating calibrated as a thermometer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-obtained-for-one-hygrometer-set-at-two-3qunpsgq.png Table 1. Results obtained for one hygrometer set at two different temperature levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-design-of-the-on-site-experiment-2q2lewe5.png Figure 4. Design of the on-site experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-corrections-are-necessary-to-adjust-historical-19iq6eh2.png Figure 3. Corrections are necessary to adjust historical temperature data in order to be consistent with the modern temperature scale. The circles indicate the tabulated points from the BIPM documents describing the transforms from old scales to newer scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-humidity-and-temperature-measured-by-duc-2po0kaw3.png Figure 12. Humidity and temperature measured by DUC https://scispace.com/papers/the-micro-geography-of-tax-avoidance-evidence-from-littered-4mxdyywa1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-sample-tazs-1yh4qt6d.png Figure 3. Map of Sample TAZs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-tax-avoidance-in-appropriately-6iigziit.png Table 5 Comparison of tax avoidance in appropriately disposed of and littered cigarette packs* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-total-federal-state-local-cigarette-taxes-in-2wg016im.png Figure 1 Map of total (Federal+State+Local) cigarette taxes in the Chicago area, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-brand-shares-in-scanner-data-and-2h980qbp.png Table 6: Comparison of brand shares in scanner data and Chicago tax paid sales litter data* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-taz-universe-and-sample-2kpc5swr.png Table 1 Summary of TAZ universe and Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-packs-and-taz-and-estimated-share-of-packs-2we8i2kt.png Table 2 Number of packs and TAZ and estimated share of packs with various types of tax stamp by location (Estimates of shares and standard errors adjusted for survey weights )* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-estimates-of-marginal-change-in-probability-9mw2pv0v.png Table 3 Probit estimates of marginal change in probability of a local stamp from a small change in each independent variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probit-estimates-of-marginal-change-in-probability-13p6xesk.png Table 4 Probit estimates of marginal change in probability of a local stamp from a small change in each independent variable https://scispace.com/papers/the-mini-driver-model-of-polygenic-cancer-evolution-5ex8uk7snn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-table-of-proposed-exemplar-mini-drivers-2wilcf8s.png Table 1. Summary table of proposed exemplar mini-drivers https://scispace.com/papers/the-mobi-dik-approach-to-searching-in-mobile-ad-hoc-network-3or4nk0xee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-manet-database-34xi416m.png Figure 1: A MANET database https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-simulation-parameters-and-their-values-2dmpiu7j.png TABLE B.1. SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND THEIR VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-accuracy-as-a-function-of-k-with-peer-density-2-1i533c22.png Figure B.2. Accuracy as a function of k with peer density = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-3-accuracy-as-a-function-of-k-with-peer-density-1-3loop285.png Figure B.3. Accuracy as a function of k with peer density = 1. The accuracy is zero for DIKNN for all the k values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-accuracy-as-a-function-of-peer-density-with-k-10-3ddydlen.png Figure B.1. Accuracy as a function of peer density with k=10. The accuracy is zero for DIKNN for peer density 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-query-answering-methods-in-manet-databases-i888csly.png Figure 2: Query answering methods in MANET databases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-comparison-among-mobi-dik-randi-peoplenet-and-7ds-2v7amjoi.png Figure A.1: Comparison among MOBI-DIK, RANDI, PeopleNet, and 7DS. 802.11 bandwidth=2Mbps, transmission range=100 meters, 15% of battery energy allocated to a mobile P2P algorithm, 1 report produced every 10 seconds, mean of report size=1500 bytes, query size = 100 bytes, mean of reports database size=100K bytes https://scispace.com/papers/the-missing-links-a-global-study-on-uncovering-financial-drf8r1hm08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-data-set-2zlmgrlq.png Table 1 Overview of data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reports-the-network-statistics-we-compute-for-the-orep6mfd.png Table 7 reports the network statistics we compute for the orignal networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarizes-the-properties-of-the-interbank-networks-2hllasmf.png Table 2 summarizes the properties of the interbank networks.6 s can be seen, the networks vary greatly in their size and other roperties. The German interbank network (DE01), for example, as on average 592 banks (with over 11 thousand links), while the anadian network (CA01) only includes the 6 major banks (with link count below 30). The density of the networks ranges from lmost fully connected, with 96.7% (CA01) to very sparse, with only https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-interbank-network-data-spi3hua4.png Table 2 summarizes the properties of the interbank networks.6 s can be seen, the networks vary greatly in their size and other roperties. The German interbank network (DE01), for example, as on average 592 banks (with over 11 thousand links), while the anadian network (CA01) only includes the 6 major banks (with link count below 30). The density of the networks ranges from lmost fully connected, with 96.7% (CA01) to very sparse, with only https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-network-statistics-for-remaining-networks-27b6a9lx.png Table 3 Network statistics for remaining networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationships-between-network-size-and-selected-2luaeuuz.png Fig. 1. Relationships between network size and selected network characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-molecular-mechanisms-underlying-hidden-phenotypic-j0mok5xfz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-of-the-eight-mbls-that-are-used-in-this-3okfo0an.png Table 1. Information of the eight MBLs that are used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effects-of-the-replacement-of-the-native-signal-iadp16fl.png Figure 6: The effects of the replacement of the native signal peptide with the PelB leader sequence on MBL-conferred resistance. (a) Relationship between the MICs for each metallo-β-lactamase with their native signal peptide and with the PelB leader sequence for ampicillin, cefotaxime, and meropenem in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. (b) Correlation between the catalytic efficiency of each PelB-MBL (kcat/KM) and their ampicillin MICs. The relationship for the other 5 antibiotics is shown in Supplementary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-kcat-km-and-ampicillin-mics-8g95s5wl.png Figure 3: Relationship between kcat/KM and ampicillin MICs for the MBLs in the three organisms. The measured ampicillin MIC values for each MBL in relation to their kcat/KM for each organism are shown. The background resistance for each organism is presented as the grey box. The relationship for the other 5 antibiotics is shown in Supplementary Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-mic-kcat-km-and-ep-for-each-nhv2ul2c.png Figure 4: Relationship between MIC, kcat/KM, and [Ep] for each MBL in the three organisms. A. The variation within MIC and the kcat/KM for ampicillin, and the [Ep] (the protein expression level in the periplasm fraction) within each organism for the MBLs. Each data point represents the fold-difference between the values for each MBL divided by the lowest value present for each property. The relationship for the other 5 antibiotics is shown in Supplementary Figure 4. B. The correlation between the product of kcat/KM, and [Ep] with MIC. NDM-1 and IND-1 were not included in the fit as NDM-1 is a known to be bound to the outer membrane and could therefore not be accurately measured with the assay, while IND-1 activity was not detectable in the assay. The relationship for the other 5 antibiotics is shown in Supplementary Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-minimum-inhibitory-concentrations-mics-for-1n87qhqa.png Figure 2: Measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the metallo-βlactamases with representative β-lactam antibiotics in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. MICs for cefotaxime (blue), meropenem (green), and ampicillin (red) measured for each MBL (BcII, IND-1, IMP-1, CcrA, VIM-1, VIM-2, NDM-1, and SPM-1) in E. coli 10G, P. aeruginosa PA01, and K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883. MICs were determined with the concentration at which at least three of four replicates did not grow. The grey bar represents the background resistance level of the organisms without MBL expression. The chemical structures of cefotaxime, meropenem, and ampicillin as well as the concentrations screened to determine the MICs are shown below. MICs for ceftazidime, imipenem, and penicillin are presented in Supplementary Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-variation-between-mbls-at-each-level-of-udqu7ngk.png Figure 5: The variation between MBLs at each level of expression compared to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequence-similarity-networks-for-the-metallo-b-makbt5ae.png Figure 1: Sequence similarity networks for the metallo-β-lactamase family, with a representative crystal structure. A. The sequence similarity network within the B1 and B2 MBL family with 1224 sequences visualized with a BLAST e-value cutoff of 1e-55. The sequence of the MBLs are used in the study was shown as large circles and highlighted with colours: BcII (yellow), IND-1 (purple), CcrA (black), NDM-1 (blue), VIM-1 (pink), VIM2 (red), IMP-1 (green), SPM-1 (orange), and the B2 MBL family (light green). Sequence identities between the MBLs are presented in Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1. B. Cartoon presentation of the crystal structure of VIM-2 (PDB ID: 1K03). C. The close-up view of the VIM-2 MBL active site that is conserved throughout the entire family: two zinc ions (shown as grey spheres) held in place by metal binding residues H-H-H and D-C-H (shown as sticks). https://scispace.com/papers/the-moth-book-a-popular-guide-to-a-knowledge-of-the-moths-of-714aqvvidd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3-syn-voluta-clemens-ferrigera-walker-nebulosus-3j30t7ra.png Fig. 3. Egg of Samia happy chance he succeeds experimentally https://scispace.com/figures/fig-82-alypia-disparata-after-hampson-39i1jgeu.png Fig. 82 Alypia disparata, $ (After Hampson.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-96-larva-of-pyrophila-pyramidoides-after-riley-ghptc5jx.png Fig. 96. Larva of Pyrophila pyramidoides. (After Riley.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-235-is-cautella-a-moth-b-vena-10xnd4qu.png Fig. 235. is. cautella. a, moth; b, vena- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-234-name-d-t-is-especially-likely-to-attack-dried-fruits-e0biygqo.png Fig 234 name d- 't is especially likely to attack dried fruits E. cautella. of any kind in which there is sugar or oil. That the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-146-acherdoa-museum-of-natural-history-it-represents-1vyqfrli.png Fig. 146. Acherdoa Museum of Natural History. It represents ferraria, 6 . f the male insect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-36-philosamia-cynthta-a-eggs-b-larva-c-cocoon-d-pupa-e-1gkto919.png Fig. 36. Philosamia cynthta. a. Eggs; b. Larva; c. Cocoon; d. Pupa; e. Moth. (After Riley.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-134-grcbperia-in-texas-the-fore-wings-are-deep-maroon-2htwh5kc.png Fig. 134 GrcBperia in Texas. The fore wings are deep maroon, magnified, $ . f edged anteriorly with pale creamy white. https://scispace.com/papers/the-multiple-lives-of-billy-waters-dangerous-theatricality-2naazns4qb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-billy-waters-detail-in-robert-and-george-cruikshank-2egos82f.png Figure 1: Billy Waters, (detail) in Robert and George Cruikshank, Tom and Jerry “Masquerading it” among the Cadgers in the “Back Slums” of the Holy Land, in Egan, Life in London. Author’s Collection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-part-of-a-catnach-broadside-life-in-london-1mldvbyz.png Figure 6: Part of a Catnach broadside, Life in London... attempted in Cuts and Verse. 5th ed. March 23, 1822. ©British Library Board. General Reference Collection L.R.271.a.2. Item 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-part-of-a-catnach-broadside-the-tears-of-london-1zoiw79d.png Figure 7: Part of a Catnach broadside, The Tears of London. 10th ed. March 23, 1822. ©British Library Board. General Reference Collection L.R.271.a.2. Item 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-billy-waters-print-after-thomas-busby-c-national-1sn8n04e.png Figure 3: Billy Waters. Print after Thomas Busby. © National Portrait Gallery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-billy-waters-david-wilkie-c-1815-oil-on-panel-3mt45sl3.png Figure 2: Billy Waters. David Wilkie. c. 1815. Oil on panel. National Maritime Museum, London. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-s-alken-the-notorious-black-billy-at-home-to-a-25hxmf27.png Figure 10: S. Alken. The notorious Black Billy 'At Home' to a London Street Party. 1823. National Maritime Museum, London. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-robert-and-george-cruikshank-the-holy-land-full-1qr5qpri.png Figure 5: Robert and George Cruikshank. The Holy Land. Full plate. In Life in London (author’s collection) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-george-cruikshank-the-new-union-club-1819-c-1a0dwg0t.png Figure 4: George Cruikshank. The New Union Club. 1819. © Trustees of the British Museum. https://scispace.com/papers/the-multiplicity-of-performance-management-systems-3df8rj0it0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2h9ka5wc.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-first-order-findings-and-second-order-concepts-29gvu6yt.png Table 3. First order Findings and Second Order Concepts https://scispace.com/papers/the-mystical-foot-with-pink-mushrooms-imaging-of-i30wzeu1pg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coronal-t1-weighted-spir-post-gadolinium-mri-arrows-1q2hpnqi.png Fig. 4. Coronal T1-weighted SPIR post-gadolinium MRI. Arrows demonstrate ovoid hyperintense lesions with low signal centres in keeping with the so-called ‘dot-in-circle’ sign. (SPIR = spectral presaturation with inversion recovery; MRI = magnetic resonance image.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sagittal-t1-weighted-mri-demonstrating-a-diffuse-69gzglyc.png Fig. 3. Sagittal T1-weighted MRI demonstrating (a) diffuse infiltration of the soft tissues by hypointense material with well-defined fistulous tracts (white arrow) and bony infiltration, and (b) encased tendons that are not damaged by the hypointense infiltrative lesion. (MRI = magnetic resonance image.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oblique-a-and-lateral-b-radiographs-demonstrating-1nvgwawh.png Fig. 2. Oblique (a) and lateral (b) radiographs demonstrating nodular dense soft-tissue swelling associated with underlying bony erosion and sclerosis. Note multiple bone involvement with relative sparing of the phalanges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-right-foot-swelling-with-associated-exophytic-fungoid-1xo072do.png Fig. 1. Right foot swelling with associated exophytic fungoid lesions. The left (normal) foot is seen alongside for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nature-of-option-interactions-and-the-valuation-of-1wrnzf2qyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3tpw07lz.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-optons-of-smiar-type-nonaddtive-both-out-of-the-374ylsgj.png FIGURE 28 Optons of smiar type nonaddtive Both out-of-the-money puts with h g h overlap (area A'C) and high probability of jont exercise interactions are h g h (and negatlve f prior put as here positve n case of calls) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5a-senstivity-analysis-of-the-mpact-of-gross-project-2i7e69qa.png FIGURE 5A Senstivity analysis of the mpact of gross project value ( V ) on the total project value ( n c u d ~ n g the value of all real opt~ons) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5c-sensitivity-analys-s-of-the-impact-of-years-to-24kap05l.png FIGURE 5A Senstivity analysis of the mpact of gross project value ( V ) on the total project value ( n c u d ~ n g the value of all real opt~ons) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lnteractlon-vs-depth-in-the-money-tkwb6kli.png FIGURE 4 lnteractlon vs. Depth in the Money https://scispace.com/papers/the-necessity-of-evaluation-of-deregulation-processes-in-58gba447u8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deregulation-in-business-advantages-and-1jk9ebkz.png Figure 1. Deregulation in business: advantages and disadvantages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-indicators-of-doing-business-in-ukraine-2015-2020-3rjvczpf.png Figure 2. Indicators of Doing Business in Ukraine, 2015–2020 10; 11; 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-concerning-business-activities-deregulate-1vz9jlef.png Table 2.Measures concerning business activities deregulate and business environment improvement in Ukraine, adopted in 201915 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structure-of-measures-plan-concerning-business-22deninq.png Figure 4. Structure of measures plan concerning business activities deregulation until 2020 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dynamics-of-foreign-direct-investment-in-ukraine16-qh9y7u6j.png Table 1. Dynamics of foreign direct investment in Ukraine16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-position-in-general-rating-of-doing-business-in-2xkg99v3.png Figure 3. Position in general rating of Doing Business in Ukraine, 2010–2020 and annual change of position up to 2020 13 https://scispace.com/papers/the-neolithic-demographic-transition-in-mesoamerica-3pvtgmcxen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chronology-for-ancient-mesoamerica-soa3o0x1.png Figure 1. Chronology for ancient Mesoamerica. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-loess-fitted-curve-from-figure-4-compared-with-2fa9urpl.png Figure 6. Loess fitted curve from figure 4 compared with curves previously published for Europe (α p .3; Bocquet-Appel 2002, fig. 4), the Levant (α p .5; Guerrero, Naji, and Bocquet-Appel 2008, fig. 2), and the U.S. Southwest (α p .56; Kohler et al. 2008, fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-location-of-sites-used-in-analysis-of-mesoamerican-wj8w5eln.png Figure 2. Location of sites used in analysis of Mesoamerican burials (for site names, see table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eight-cases-of-formative-era-population-growth-per-20hxg9aj.png Figure 5. Eight cases of Formative-era population growth per year calculated from settlement data using a formula introduced by Bandy (2005). The era between 1000 and 400 BC is the Middle Formative. Data sources: Blanton (1972), Blanton et al. (1982), Gorenflo and Sanders (2007), Kowalewski et al. (1989), Michels (1979), Parsons (2008), Parsons, Kintigh, and Gregg (1983). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-profile-of-15p5-on-a-relative-chronology-1nqrldhu.png Figure 3. Observed profile of 15p5 on a relative chronology from the adoption of ceramic technology. Relationship fitted using a loess fitting procedure (α [smoothing parameter] p .5; n observations p 52). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-used-in-the-analysis-2e90t3wu.png Table 1. Samples used in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-separately-observed-profiles-of-15p5-1a865ptp.png Figure 7. Comparison of separately observed profiles of 15p5 from Mesoamerica and the U.S. Southwest on an absolute chronology (BC/AD; α p .5; n observations p 52, 46). A color version of this figure is available online. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observed-profile-of-15p5-on-an-absolute-chronology-286augcl.png Figure 4. Observed profile of 15p5 on an absolute chronology (BC/AD). Relationship fitted using a loess fitting procedure (α [smoothing parameter] p .5; n observations p 52). https://scispace.com/papers/the-neptune-power-system-design-from-fundamentals-578x3fg2e4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-revised-layout-of-node-connection-t52qccd6.png Figure 4b. Revised layout of node connection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pmacs-functions-3gwq0uki.png Figure 7. PMACS functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diode-breaker-arrangement-at-each-cable-section-3ge7h4d2.png Figure 3. Diode-breaker arrangement at each cable section https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-circuit-breaker-implementation-12583qay.png Figure 2. Circuit breaker implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-original-layout-of-node-connection-6it3ysi6.png Figure 4b. Revised layout of node connection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-system-operating-modes-compared-53z1aufo.png Figure 6. system operating modes compared https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-control-arrangement-in-branching-unit-pzs0tkng.png Figure 5. Control arrangement in Branching Unit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-neptune-observatory-layout-2tedd03v.png Figure 1. Proposed NEPTUNE observatory layout https://scispace.com/papers/the-next-generation-of-biomarker-research-in-spinal-cord-58wqzg1kap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cdna-sequences-identified-in-new-human-spinal-cord-ainqn5qj.png Table 3: cDNA sequences identified in new human spinal cord libraries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-and-functional-biomarkers-in-human-sci-1tein5gz.png Table 1: Structural and functional biomarkers in human SCI https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inflammation-related-biomarkers-in-human-sci-3nszmk60.png Table 2: Inflammation-related biomarkers in human SCI https://scispace.com/papers/the-norm-dependent-effect-of-watching-eyes-on-donation-6yskvp4r0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ordinal-logistic-regression-analysis-predicting-work-2nhg6v75.png Table 2. Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis Predicting Work Amount (N = 391): Replication Study 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boxplot-of-the-donation-amount-for-each-condition-in-1w1dps4v.png Fig. 2: Boxplot of the donation amount for each condition in the original study. Each dot represents one observation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-participant-view-of-the-replication-study-fig-3a-13zt5547.png Fig. 3. Participant view of the replication study. Fig 3A represents the screen in the eyes condition during the donation phase. Fig 3B represents the screen in the no eyes condition during the donation phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boxplot-of-the-work-amount-for-each-condition-in-the-2x9qmiri.png Fig. 4: Boxplot of the work amount for each condition in the replication study. Each dot represents one observation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ordinal-logistic-regression-analysis-predicting-bpi6ni6t.png Table 1. Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis Predicting Donation Amounts (N = 133): Original Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-participant-view-of-the-original-study-fig-1a-2bfbkpi8.png Fig. 1. Participant view of the original study. Fig 1A represents the screen before the donation phase. Fig 1B represents the screen in the eyes condition during the donation phase. Fig 1C represents the screen in the no eyes condition during the donation phase. https://scispace.com/papers/the-non-steady-state-growth-of-divergent-pearlite-in-fe-c-mn-3l3kml5doq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-e-progressive-decrease-in-the-austentite-carbon-xx1d1npc.png Figure 5: e progressive decrease in the austentite carbon-content during its decomposition at 625°C and 650°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-e-change-in-the-mn-partitioning-driving-force-with-2672jxmo.png Figure 8: e change in the Mn partitioning driving-force with time during the eutectoid decomposition at a) 625°C and b) 605°C. Depending on the trend the decrease in the ∆µMn(t) is distinguished into segments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ree-phase-simulation-domain-which-predominantly-39j3x7kq.png Figure 2: ree-phase simulation domain which predominantly comprises of austenite-matrix with ferrite and cementite bulk-phases arranged alternatively. e phase transformation resulting in the cooperative growth of the pearlite at three di erent temperatures (605°C, 625°C and 650°C) is included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-e-temporal-change-in-matrix-carbon-content-31pfgch9.png Figure 6: e temporal change in matrix carbon-content accompanying the eutectoid transformation at 605°C. As opposed to averaged growth-rate, austenite decomposition-rate is included in the plot. Based on the rate of change in the concentration (or decomposition rate), the decrease is distinguished into two segments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-e-distribution-of-manganese-in-cementite-associate-1x8ctj48.png Figure 9: e distribution of manganese in cementite associate with divergent pearlite emerging from eutectoid decomposition at a) 605°C, b) 625°C and c) 650°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-e-temporal-change-in-the-averaged-growth-rate-17jvel4a.png Figure 4: e temporal change in the averaged growth-rate accompanying the evolution of the divergent pearlite at di erent undercooling. e decrease in averaged growth-rate at temperatures 605°C, 625°C and 650°C are separately included as subplots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calphad-retrieved-di-usivity-matrix-incorporated-in-36so6q7m.png Table 1: CALPHAD-retrieved di usivity matrix incorporated in the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isothermal-sections-of-the-fe-c-mn-phase-diagram-at-2vca93wo.png Figure 1: Isothermal sections of the Fe-C-Mn phase diagram at 650°C, 625°C and 605°C. e solid circles show the alloy composition which lies in the three phase region. https://scispace.com/papers/the-next-white-new-detector-4l9ymu0c56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principle-of-operation-of-an-hpxe-el-2c0bkifl.png Figure 1: Principle of operation of an HPXe-EL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vacuum-pump-characteristics-grouped-by-systems-turbo-1597bd03.png Table 3: Vacuum pump characteristics grouped by systems. Turbo and scroll pumps used in NEW vessel are also used for the emergency recovery tank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-left-poisson-mean-values-from-various-pmt-3fadzhcj.png Figure 23: Left: Poisson mean values from various PMT calibration runs; Right: the same values normalised to that for the channel which sees most light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-standard-pmt-calibration-spectra-left-spe-spectrum-28d9g7ia.png Figure 22: Standard PMT calibration spectra. Left: SPE spectrum with fitted Gaussians. Right: “dark” spectrum showing dominant electronic noise with contribution form dark current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-dice-board-made-of-kapton-deploying-8-x-8-sipms-37d5k2oi.png Figure 11: A DICE board made of kapton, deploying 8 x 8 SiPMs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-signal-from-50us-pulse-25865-pe-noise-0-74-lsb-38s478bn.png Figure 10: Signal from 50us pulse. 25865 pe. Noise 0.74 LSB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-diagram-of-the-gas-system-for-the-next-white-3nuyps1o.png Figure 17: Diagram of the gas system for the NEXT-White detector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-next-white-tpc-parameters-29o6u4g2.png Table 1: NEXT-White TPC parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/the-normalized-difference-infrared-index-ndii-as-a-proxy-for-4amln21iro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-water-balance-and-constitutive-equations-used-in-2chle1nc.png Table 2. Water balance and constitutive equations used in FLEXL. 660 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-flex-model-performance-at-eight-runoff-stations-1aiu0oql.png Table 7. FLEX model performance at eight runoff stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-ndii-values-during-the-wet-season-the-dry-ptd67y25.png Table 4. Average NDII values during the wet season, the dry season, and the whole year from 2001 to 2013, and their order of moisture content (range is 1–13; lower values indicate less NDII) for the entire UPRB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-flex-parameters-calibrated-at-eight-runoff-stations-1hxr58u7.png Table 6. FLEX parameters calibrated at eight runoff stations located in the UPRB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-flow-duration-curves-and-simulated-1y8c790i.png Figure 5. Examples of flow duration curves and simulated hydrographs using FLEX at runoff stations P.20 and P.21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-uprb-and-the-locations-of-the-rain-gauge-and-1t1fll8s.png Figure 1. The UPRB and the locations of the rain-gauge and runoff stations. The numbers indicate the 14 sub-basins of the UPRB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-exponential-relationships-between-the-average-ndii-3lmw5u1w.png Table 8. Exponential relationships between the average NDII values and simulated root zone moisture storage (Su) in the eight sub-basins controlled by the eight runoff stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scaled-time-series-seasonality-and-deseasonalized-6em5sbm7.png Figure 7. Scaled time series, seasonality, and deseasonalized (dry season) time series of the 8-day averaged NDII values compared to the 8-day averaged simulated root zone moisture storage (Su) in the Nam Mae Rim sub-basin at P.20 (Chiang Dao) and P.21 (Ban Rim Tai) runoff stations. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the deseasonalized NDII and Su are 0.32 and 0.18, respectively, for P.20 and P.21. For the results of all the eight sub-basins, please refer to the Supplement. https://scispace.com/papers/the-novel-use-of-life-grids-in-a-phenomenological-study-of-lnd7k9o8ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-to-show-the-research-scaffolding-of-the-3ma8bjx5.png Figure 1. Diagram to show the research scaffolding of the study https://scispace.com/papers/the-north-subducting-rheic-ocean-during-the-devonian-3wf7yv0gsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trace-element-averages-of-devonian-and-lower-nltkuobd.png Fig. 5 Trace element averages of Devonian and Lower Carboniferous dacitic/rhyodacitic and rhyolitic lapilli and ash tuffs/tuffites and metarhyolites in comparison with Silurian meta-rhyolites in the Mantle-normalized multivariation diagram of MacDonald and Sun (1995), indicating a typical trend of subduction-related character. Specific localities: comp. Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-number-of-growing-microtubules-and-nucleus-nucleus-3wu3bipoyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bocksbeutel-klarsicht-and-ensconsin-are-necessary-for-u4b6j9ks.png Fig. 1. Bocksbeutel, klarsicht, and ensconsin are necessary for the proper separation of myonuclei in Drosophila embryos. (a) Montages from time-lapse acquisitions showing the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bocksbeutel-klarsicht-and-ensconsin-disrupt-25yam9ol.png Fig. 3. Bocksbeutel, klarsicht, and ensconsin disrupt microtubule organization in Drosophila larval skeletal muscle. (a) Immunofluorescence images of ventral longitudinal muscle 3 from stage L3 larvae for the indicated genotypes. Microtubules (α-tubulin) in gray, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-depletion-of-ensconsin-decreases-the-number-of-eb1-24o3gujs.png Fig. 4. Depletion of ensconsin decreases the number of EB1 comets in Drosophila embryonic muscles. (a) Temporal overlays tracking EB1 comets for 15 s in the lateral transverse (LT) muscles and dorsal oblique (DO) muscles of stage 16 control and ensswo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-of-myonuclear-movement-during-drosophila-2njd99fv.png Fig. 5. Model of myonuclear movement during Drosophila embryonic muscle development. In skeletal muscle, the active translocation of myonuclei (green) is dependent on the integrity of the nuclear envelope and the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. To https://scispace.com/papers/the-olsenella-uli-induced-pneumonia-a-case-report-22drbageqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microscopic-morphology-of-olsenella-uli-after-gram-2ravc6xm.png Figure 3. Microscopic morphology of Olsenella uli. After Gram-stainning, gram-positive, blue purple cells which appeared singly，in pairs, in short to long chains under microscope, and the center of some cells swelled, but the size was not uniform. Magnification ×1000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colony-morphology-of-olsenella-uli-on-clumbia-blood-15fv3l11.png Figure 2. Colony morphology of Olsenella uli on Clumbia blood agar medium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computed-tomography-ct-results-of-the-olsenella-uli-359bmo87.png Figure 1. Computed tomography (CT) results of the Olsenella uli-induced pneumonia. Take the day when the patient transferred to our hospital as the first day, A-B，CT at the second day showed bilateral pneumonia, pyogenic necrosis in the right lower lobe of the lung, encapsulated pyothorax in the right chest and bilateral emphysema; C-D, CT at 10th day showed aggravating bilateral pneumonia and emerging bilateral pleural effusion in comparison with 2nd day; E-F, CT at 20th day showed improving bilateral pneumonia and left pleural effusion in comparison with 10th day; G-H, CT at 66th day (August 13) showed improving bilateral pneumonia and no pleural effusion in comparison with 20th day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-mass-spectrometry-analysis-for-sputum-1py5g401.png Figure 4. Results of mass spectrometry analysis for sputum culture. https://scispace.com/papers/the-open-future-bivalence-and-assertion-3xn52r5e8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ha2ltj6.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1o85hjn2.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-orchestration-of-a-collaborative-information-seeking-33g6mlzzv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-actors-and-roles-22hc2zbh.png Table 2 – Actors and roles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-2f6ehtja.png Figure 3.1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lab-session-timings-13mqrtho.png Table 3 - Lab-session Timings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-revised-conceptual-framework-for-orchestration-in-3uurlt6s.png Figure 1 - Revised conceptual framework for orchestration in learning technology research (Prieto et al. 2015, p. 12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-epistemic-cognition-3nabpvc4.png Table 1 – Dimensions of epistemic cognition* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-feedback-measures-2bo3vsjo.png Table 4 – Feedback measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-timeline-21ejt7dw.png Figure 2 – Study Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-survey-data-correlation-matrix-3gtypbou.png Table 5 – Survey data correlation matrix https://scispace.com/papers/the-overview-of-gifted-education-in-israel-in-terms-of-rate-1ilhmh0h53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-jews-receiving-nobel-prize-in-science-and-literature-2pr8oa62.png Table 1. Jews receiving nobel prize in science and literature, from 19501 https://scispace.com/papers/the-partisan-brain-an-identity-based-model-of-political-8q3vhlauk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-value-of-beliefs-shapes-different-cognitive-3p5i57r4.png Figure 2: The value of beliefs shapes different cognitive processes. The identitybased model of belief assumes that partisan identities determine the value of different beliefs and can therefore distort belief at different states of cognitive processing, including executive function, attention control, memory, implicit evaluation (corresponding the amygdala/hippocampus, not visible from this perspective), and visual perception. This cartoon roughly illustrates that these cognitive processes have dissociable neural substrates and can be treated as functionally distinct. In practice, the functional relationships between different cognitive processes are often bidirectional. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-accuracy-goals-compete-with-identity-goal-to-2lnr93zl.png Figure 1: Accuracy goals compete with identity goal to determine the value of beliefs. Accuracy goals can promote accurate beliefs about the social and physical world unless the net value of alternative goals outweighs the value of the accuracy goal. Partisan identities can subserve numerous goals (including, belonging, epistemic, existential, status, system justification and moral goals), which can distort belief when their net value outweighs accuracy goals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-case-where-partisan-identity-altered-reported-4evncgr7.png Figure 3. A case where partisan identity altered reported belief in crowd size. (1) A Republican party member sees pictures of the crowds at the Presidential inaugurations of Barack Obama (2009, right picture) and Donald Trump (2017, left picture). (2) The value of beliefs is computed in the vmPFC as a function of the identity goals that are active for that person. The statement by the Press Secretary—an elite member of their party—fulfills multiple goals (the width of the arrows represents the strength of the goals), including: (a) belonging goals, because it is an in-group member; (b) status goals, because he said the inauguration audience was larger than Presidents from the out-group; (c) system goals, because the inauguration is an important American political tradition; (d) moral goals, because loyalty is expected to the President. Other goals are less relevant. (3) The visual information is guided by attentional control in the parietal lobe and processed in the occipital lobe with guidance from the value of beliefs computed in the vmPFC. (4) If prompted to recall that information, episodic memory of the crowds is constructed via the hippocampus, with guidance from the values of beliefs computed in the vmPFC. (5) Finally, partisans can use the prefrontal cortex to engage in motivated reasoning to justify the size of the crowds or discredit the relevance of the photographic evidence. (6) Partisans might also report an inaccurate answer, despite accurate beliefs, to avoid conceding evidence that violates their identity goals. https://scispace.com/papers/the-peer-relations-of-pupils-with-special-educational-needs-36j30t3ku7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-behaviour-ratings-and-peer-2bb2yeam.png Table 3. Correlations between Behaviour Ratings and peer relations measures (N=99) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peer-relationship-measures-by-attainment-and-sen-1dl185b1.png Table 2. Peer relationship measures by attainment and SEN status https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-profile-of-friends-of-pupils-with-and-without-sen-by-2p6y5qj2.png Table 4. Profile of friends of pupils with and without SEN by SEN status and attainment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-hierarchical-regression-analyses-ngdedzum.png Table 5. Results of hierarchical regression analyses predicting peer relations measures by SEN status, behaviour ratings and meaningful peer contact https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociometric-and-social-contact-measures-by-sen-15mzf1v8.png Table 1. Sociometric and social contact measures by SEN status with univariate ANOVAs, effect sizes and post-hoc comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-hierarchical-regression-analyses-2tnibzp2.png Table 6. Results of hierarchical regression analyses predicting peer relations measures by SEN status, behaviour ratings and classroom contact https://scispace.com/papers/the-perception-of-intention-and-emotion-in-non-cry-pre-3sk6udtqi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-and-2-examples-of-pairs-of-vocalizations-involving-2wljcval.png Figures 1 and 2: Examples of pairs of vocalizations involving 2 variables: duration and continuity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-construction-of-the-12-pairs-of-vocalizations-with-3dxl5nyn.png Table 2. Construction of the 12 pairs of vocalizations with contrasting variables: Age (6 weeks vs. 18 weeks), Duration (Short vs. Long) and Continuity (Continuous vs. Discontinuous). Each pair is presented twice with alternating order of presentation so that participants heard 24 pairs of vocalizations per question. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-stimuli-with-3-variables-age-28x6h37g.png Table 1: Overview of the stimuli with 3 variables: age, duration and continuity (N=48 vocalizations) https://scispace.com/papers/the-petri-net-markup-language-115d5cmw1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-semantics-of-n1-6g6yeajq.png Fig. 4. The semantics of n1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-net-n1-built-from-three-instances-of-module-m1-3i3ebax5.png Fig. 3. A net n1 built from three instances of module M1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-interplay-of-pnml-pntd-and-the-conventions-document-3l0svevn.png Fig. 6. Interplay of PNML, PNTD and the conventions document https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pure-pnml-an-overview-1t5xeibe.png Fig. 1. Pure PNML: An overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-net-1jztuhwm.png Fig. 7. An example net https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modular-pnml-an-overview-i57lyzk7.png Fig. 5. Modular PNML: An overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-inlining-and-flattening-2wqgnbsd.png Fig. 8. Illustration of inlining and flattening https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-module-m1-1iz8voo7.png Fig. 2. A module M1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-economy-of-public-transport-pricing-and-supply-4dckifhkvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transport-use-in-region-1-2rpqjymz.png Table 1. Transport use in region 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-politics-of-fiscal-policy-during-economic-downturns-1981-bh8axfqm3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-marginal-effect-of-left-cabinet-share-12jhr2ys.png Figure 1. The marginal effect of left cabinet share conditional on the size of the welfare state, 2008–2009. Note: 95 per cent confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-discretionary-spending-increases-under-different-n7lokj2o.png Table 8. Discretionary spending increases under different constellations of partisanship and size of welfare state, 2008–2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annual-average-change-in-the-discretionary-fiscal-2gl3u5tt.png Table 1. Annual average change in the discretionary fiscal balance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-size-and-composition-of-discretionary-2bk9uhqu.png Table 4. Frequency, size and composition of discretionary fiscal stimulus https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contribution-of-spending-increases-to-stimulus-3w4pl7l1.png Table 3. Contribution of spending increases to stimulus https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-discretionary-fiscal-stimulus-per-1-per-cent-2diwln1v.png Table 2. Discretionary fiscal stimulus per 1 per cent contraction in GDP growth https://scispace.com/papers/the-position-of-intellectual-capital-among-saudi-banks-3tfrrszbtl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-ic-1hkv2ngf.png Table 1. Taxonomy of IC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-ic-25zsmg2a.png Table 3. Measures of IC https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-of-saudi-arabian-islamic-banks-2jmylh7n.png Table 6. Regression results of Saudi Arabian Islamic Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-of-saudi-arabian-banks-1f0jofaq.png Table 5. Regression results of Saudi Arabian Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aggregate-ic-performance-of-saudi-arabian-banks-1pymqajj.png Table 4. Aggregate IC performance of Saudi Arabian Banks https://scispace.com/papers/the-post-mortem-resilience-of-facial-creases-and-the-1df4lb4v5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-location-of-new-creases-6ymxl6z4.png Fig. 2. Location of new creases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-modality-of-creases-from-normal-and-ug7f5cbx.png Table 2 Comparison of modality of creases from normal and bloated faces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-analysis-of-crease-resilience-with-bloating-2mzeo4sn.png Table 1 Example analysis of crease resilience with bloating. This is not a real cadaveric face. https://scispace.com/papers/the-post-herschel-view-of-intrinsic-agn-emission-v431dl51qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dust-opacity-per-unit-wavelength-extinction-curves-2zvhqou9.png Figure 4. Dust opacity per unit wavelength (extinction curves) normalized at 9.7 μm, and derived for the Galactic centre (Chiar & Tielens 2006, C&T 2006 in keys), for the local ISM (Kemper et al. 2002; Min et al. 2007), and from PAHfit (Smith et al. 2007), as indicated in the top-right keys. The pseudo– extinction curve adopted in this work is shown with a thick blue line and is a combination of several of these curves (see text). The dotted red line shows the re-scaled and shifted extinction curve from PAHfit reflecting the relative extinction at 18 μm observed in our sample of star-forming galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ewpah6-2mm-versus-the-wise-colours-w1-w2-of-the-3674lezm.png Figure 3. The EWPAH6.2μm versus the WISE colours W1−W2 of the sample from L19 (grey dots). The arrows indicate upper limits on EWPAH6.2μm. For clarity, we show only the top-left part of the full parameter space covered by the 2015 sources from L19, where star-forming galaxies lie. Our sample of 110 pre-selected star-forming galaxies was first selected based on EWPAH6.2μm, where sources below the dot-dashed line are AGNs, sources above the dashed line are star-forming galaxies, and sources between these lines are composite galaxies. The values employed to define these limits are from Armus et al. (2007; see text). We then employed the WISE colour selection criterion of Assef et al. (2013), shown with a vertical black line, where star-forming galaxies lie on the left-hand side of this line. In addition, one source was discarded as it failed the MIR KIM test of Messias et al. (2012), and two sources were discarded since detected by the Swift-BAT (black crosses). The red squares show our final sample of 110 pre-selected star-forming galaxies with Spitzer-IRS spectra and at least three Herschel photometric measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-plot-showing-the-iras-colour-colour-parameter-4r6zy0d0.png Figure 10. Plot showing the IRAS colour–colour parameter space, where the RBGS sample of Sanders et al. (2003) is shown as a kernel density estimation. The colour–colour parameter space covered by our set of average templates is shown with filled orange circles. The error bars illustrate departures from these average values once assuming the scatter on the PAH-to-dust continuum relationship. For illustrative purposes, we show the 3σ scatter of 0.9 dex. The black filled stars show that of Mullaney et al. (2011), the dot–dashed green line, terminated by green filled crosses, shows that of Rieke et al. (2009), for LIR = 109.75−13L , and the dashed pink line, terminated by pink filled hexagons, shows that of Dale et al. (2014), with 0.0625 < αSF < 4. The arrows indicate the direction of change in the IRAS colours when the parameter controlling the shape of each of the corresponding set of templates is changed. The small filled blue squares show the IRAS colours of galaxies hosting AGNs in the complete volume limited sub-sample of Goulding & Alexander (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-our-two-agn-continuum-templates-free-of-silicate-ancgs2hk.png Figure 12. Our two AGN continuum templates, free of silicate emission, were built by combining the best-fitting AGN contributions of our SEDs. The divide between the two was based on the MIR slope, αMIR (see Section 3.2.3). The dashed blue and the dot–dashed brown lines are our ‘AGN A’ and ‘AGN B’ templates, respectively. We also show with shaded blue and brown areas an estimation of the 1σ uncertainties for our ‘AGN A’ and ‘AGN B’ templates, respectively. The black line shows the average AGN continuum SED of the full sample of 100 AGNs, and the grey area shows an estimation of the 1σ uncertainties. The thin black lines show each individual AGN continuum used to construct our templates. The main parameters of each of the templates are indicated in the keys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-our-set-of-seven-templates-for-galaxies-where-2k41jtlg.png Figure 8. Our set of seven templates for galaxies where equation (4) was used to calculate the normalization of the PAHs assuming Ldust = 1011 L . The different colours correspond to different dust continuum templates (see keys). The dashed and dot–dashed lines correspond to the dust continuum and PAH emission components, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-examples-of-four-best-fits-of-agn-ir-seds-using-a-2ljuc108.png Figure 11. Examples of four best fits of AGN IR SEDs using a combination of our galaxy templates (see Section 3.1) and our full AGN model (see Section 3.2.1). The observed Spitzer–IRS data are shown with small black dots and the Herschel photometry with large open circles. The arrow on the flux at 160 μm indicates that it has been set as an upper limit in the fits (not due to non-detection but instead due to the possible boosting by [CII]; see Section 3.1.3). In each panel, the black line shows the attenuated full weighted model (i.e. galaxy + AGN; see Section 3.2.2), the red dashed line shows the attenuated galaxy contribution, and the dot–dashed blue and green lines show the attenuated AGN continuum and silicate emission, respectively. The grey area shows the weighted uncertainties carried forward from the galaxy templates. The names of the sources, the redshifts, the optical types, and the absorption at 9.7 μm (see equation 7 for S9.7) are indicated in the top-left corner of each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-two-sed-fits-from-our-sample-of-star-2gucxya4.png Figure 5. An example of two SED fits from our sample of star-forming galaxies. The observed Spitzer–IRS data are shown with small black dots, and the Herschel photometry, corrected for spatially extended emission, with large open circles. We also show with large open squares the Herschel photometry found in the HPDPs, which failed to identify the extended nature of the galaxy presented in the top panel (see Section 2.2.1). The arrow on the flux at 160 μm indicates that the flux has been included in the fit as an upper limit (see Section 3.1.3). In each panel, the black line shows the best-fitting, decomposed into dust continuum (dashed red line) and PAH emission (dot– dashed green line). The model is affected by obscuration as explained in the text. The top panel shows an example of a good fit to the data using the model of S18, as found for 50 per cent of our sample, and the bottom panel shows an example of a poorer fit to the data, as found for the rest of the sample. The names of the two sources are indicated in the top left-hand corner of each panel. The orange area highlights the differences in the observed SEDs between the two sources, where the slope of the MIR continuum and the relative level of MIR emission differ leading to a poorer fit for MCG-02-01051. For the latter, it was found that the MIR emission is contaminated by AGN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-plot-showing-the-relationship-between-the-column-1wqmmab5.png Figure 15. Plot showing the relationship between the column density of gas NH and the average MIR slope αMIR (i.e. average between α1 and α2; see Section 3.2.1) found in our sample of AGNs, split in terms of AGN types (see keys), and colour coded by the strength of the observed silicate absorption at 9.7 μm (see the colour bar in the top left-hand side corner). The lines connecting two symbols show the effect of dust obscuration on the slopes αMIR, where the connected right-hand symbol and left-hand symbol correspond to the absorbed and the de-absorbed values, respectively. The arrows on the symbols indicate upper limits for NH. The dashed line and dot–dashed line show the average MIR slope of our ‘AGN A’ and ‘AGN B’ templates. https://scispace.com/papers/the-precision-of-ecap-thresholds-derived-from-amplitude-g45z1yu3wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-an-agf-shown-as-commonly-used-a-and-with-31fn7udd.png Figure 1. Example of an AGF shown as commonly used (A), and with additional information about the precision of eCAP and eCAP threshold (B). The AGF shows the eCAP amplitude as function of stimulus level, whereby corresponding eCAPs are shown at the right side, plotted from high (top) to low (bottom) stimulus level. Data points not representing true eCAPs are shown in grey and points reflecting eCAP responses (black) were used to estimate the eCAP thresholds for the LE (blue dot) and LV (green dot) methods. In (B), error bars are added reflecting the variation in eCAP amplitude. The guides were used to estimate the precision of the LE (blue) and LV (green) thresholds. AGF indicates amplitude growth function; eCAP, electrically evoked compound action potential; LE, linear extrapolation; LV, last visible. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-22xogoql.png Table 1. Patient demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatterplots-showing-the-correlation-between-ecap-38ehmvux.png Figure 5. Scatterplots showing the correlation between eCAP thresholds (x-axis) and behavioral thresholds (y-axis) for the LE method (A) and the LV method (B). The thresholds are plotted in grey and the correlations within individual subjects are depicted by the black lines. Below the scatterplots (panel C and D), accompanying Pearson’s correlation coefficients were presented rank-ordered from low to high (black line). eCAP indicates electrically evoked compound action potential, LE, linear extrapolation; LV, last visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-between-thresholds-estimated-using-the-23v45wvv.png Figure 4. Difference between thresholds estimated using the LE and LV methods. The LE thresholds are sort from small to large TCI and divided in four groups, each group containing 25% of the AGFs (blue, red, green, purple). The left plot shows the absolute difference between LV and LE thresholds for each group separately. In the right panel a scatterplot between LV and LE thresholds is shown for the same groups. TCI indicates threshold confidence interval; LE, linear extrapolation; LV, last visible; AGF, amplitude growth function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-absolute-tci-size-expressed-in-sixvufix.png Figure 3. Illustration of the absolute TCI size (expressed in CU) across all subjects. The TCIs are grouped per electrode contact for the LE (A, blue) and LV (B, green) methods separately. Box boundaries represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers represent the most extreme data points not considered outliers, open circles represent outliers, and solid line within the box represent median. TCI indicates threshold confidence interval; LE, linear extrapolation; LV, last visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-examples-of-agfs-illustrating-different-curve-10pkcnhp.png Figure 2. Four examples of AGFs, illustrating different curve morphologies and their consequences for eCAP threshold and precision. The AGFs were plotted in the same way as in Figure 1. In addition, the LE method based on a weighted linear fit was drawn in panel D (red), while the LV threshold was omitted for the sake of visibility. AGF indicates amplitude growth function; LE, linear extrapolation; LV, last visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-behavioral-threshold-profiles-t-mc3l7t5c.png Figure 6. Comparison of the behavioral threshold profiles (T, red) with the objective eCAP thresholds and TCIs obtained with the LE (part A, blue) and LV (part B, green) methods. The eCAP thresholds and TCIs are presented as in Figure 3, whereby the (normalized) eCAP thresholds are represented by the line at 0 CU. The threshold values are grouped per electrode (horizontal) and expressed in CU (vertical). Box boundaries represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers represent the most extreme data points not considered outliers, open circles represent outliers, and solid line within the box represent median. eCAP indicates electrically evoked compound action potential, LE, linear extrapolation; LV, last visible. https://scispace.com/papers/the-preoccupation-of-the-united-nations-with-israel-evidence-5152ezm0o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-israel-1990-to-2012-o65ro7at.png Table 2: Israel 1990 to 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unga-resolutions-referring-to-countries-january-1990-2gcpplmt.png Table 1: UNGA resolutions referring to countries, January 1990 to June 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-iran-1990-to-2012-2tiimdac.png Table 6: Iran 1990 to 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-united-states-of-america-1990-to-2012-28jm3eei.png Table 5: United States of America 1990 to 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-iraq-1990-to-2012-z06sqfwq.png Table 7: Iraq 1990 to 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-repeated-votes-on-a-resolution-on-applicability-of-1j47ilqa.png Table 8: Repeated votes on a resolution on “Applicability of the Geneva Convention” https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-repeated-votes-on-a-resolution-on-practices-by-k9afva0w.png Table 9: Repeated votes on a resolution on “Practices by Israel affecting human rights” https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea-1990-to-2012-5xm9yoql.png Table 4: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 1990 to 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-of-market-access-patents-in-ausfta-and-since-1h9o6h6sew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ausfta-patent-provisions-also-appearing-in-the-2014-3fiu0205.png Table 2 AUSFTA patent provisions also appearing in the 2014 draft TPPA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-trips-provisions-on-patents-385nptt2.png Table 1 Key TRIPS+ provisions on patents# https://scispace.com/papers/the-price-stability-oriented-monetary-policy-of-the-ecb-an-283sxcfato 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-short-term-interest-rate-rs-high-and-low-risk-3mxyxats.png Figure 4: Real short term interest rate (RS), high and low risk premium regimes: mean component and smoothed probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-historical-decomposition-of-real-money-balances-3l22plm9.png Figure 2: Historical decomposition of real money balances cycle (rm) and inflation cycle (p): productivity shock (Prod), liquidity preference shock (LP), aggregate demand shock (AD), Fisher equation shock (FH). https://scispace.com/papers/the-primary-function-of-rem-sleep-ki8sfr4q49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-restoration-of-depleted-cerebral-atp-reserves-2r487go6.png Figure 2 The restoration of depleted cerebral ATP reserves during REM sleep https://scispace.com/papers/the-product-space-revisited-china-s-trade-profile-2xlo405thn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-3i7k401b.png TABLE 2B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-31lmkhaa.png FIGURE 2B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-821lduft.png FIGURE 3A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trade-specialization-indicators-balassa-index-hs4-33uvx9hj.png TABLE 1. Trade specialization indicators: Balassa index (HS4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-1fulk8io.png TABLE 2B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-2lu041df.png TABLE 3B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-38viwkk9.png TABLE 3B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-yzrl6ekt.png FIGURE 3A. https://scispace.com/papers/the-prognostic-value-of-cardiac-troponin-t-in-different-age-5bbopwhl9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-analysis-of-risk-factors-for-mortality-in-bokfke8l.png Table 4 Univariate analysis of risk factors for mortality in non-elderly patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-analysis-of-risk-factors-for-mortality-in-26d8bku5.png Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for mortality in overall patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-969o57m5.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-association-between-troponin-t-and-mortality-after-2gji67gr.png Table 6 Association between troponin T and mortality after adjusting confounders in overall patients and subgroups https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-univariate-analysis-of-risk-factors-for-mortality-in-12q01hd3.png Table 5 Univariate analysis of risk factors for mortality in elderly patients https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-20svihke.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-protean-challenge-of-game-collections-at-academic-1hy59loi8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-all-time-top-5-circulating-console-games-as-of-2ievlrm1.png TABLE 4 All-time Top 5 Circulating Console Games as of December 4, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-all-time-top-5-circulating-board-games-as-of-15n7n5dg.png TABLE 3 All-time Top 5 Circulating Board Games as of December 4, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-screenshot-from-rage-pc-version-c-david-mould-14gwqt66.png FIGURE 5 Screenshot from Rage (PC version). © David Mould. Reproduced by permission of David Mould. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-console-game-collection-and-titles-by-platform-as-2vbijtzv.png FIGURE 1 Console game collection and titles by platform as of December 31, 2014. The Library collects in 4 platforms: 1) PlayStation (PlayStation, PS2, PS3, PS4, and PlayStation Vita); 2) Xbox (Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox Kinect, and Xbox One); 3) Wii (Wii and Wii U); and 4) Misc (includes PC games on disc, noncommercial games such as serious games, studentcreated games, and miscellaneous other games). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributed-circulation-of-console-games-for-the-38zsjyzl.png FIGURE 3 Distributed circulation of console games for the period May 1, 2013 to April 30, 2014. Circulation of 407 console games out of 494 total collection as of April 30, 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-carleton-university-library-games-2oyduf42.png TABLE 1 Composition of the Carleton University Library Games Collection as of December 31, 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-circulation-for-board-games-and-console-video-31740pbw.png TABLE 2 Total Circulation for Board Games and Console Video Games for the Period May 1, 2013 to April 30, 2014 https://scispace.com/papers/the-properties-of-the-star-forming-interstellar-medium-at-z-51960zzzpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-properties-of-the-star-forming-clumps-rxybmxe4.png Table 2: Physical Properties of the Star-Forming Clumps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-the-likelihood-distribution-for-the-power-law-2r2asm3a.png Fig. 3.— Left: The likelihood distribution for the power-law index (n) and absolute star formation efficiency (A) in the Kennicutt-Schmidt Law derived from the ΣSFR –σ relations in Fig. 2 and assuming that the galaxies are marginally unstable, Q=1 (equation 4) . The best-fit solutions (within the 1σ contour) have n=1.34± 0.15 and A=3.4+2.5−1.6 × 10 −4 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. The arrows shows how the absolute star formation efficiency would change if we adopt Q=0.5, or Q=2 (e.g. Leroy et al. 2008). We also plot the position of the clumps (adopting n=1.34). Right: The relation between star formation and gas-surface surface density for local- and high-redshift- star-forming galaxies and ULIRGs (Genzel et al. 2010). The dashed line and shaded region shows the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation with our coefficients of n=1.34± 0.15 and A=3.4+2.5−1.6 × 10 −4 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. The solid line shows that best-fit solution for the “Universal” relation from Genzel et al. (2010), which is well matched to our derived values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-variation-in-toomre-parameter-q-x-y-within-the-ism-3dd092om.png Fig. 4.— The variation in Toomre parameter (Q(x, y)) within the ISM of the nine galaxies in our sample as a function of (normalised) radius. The solid points denote the measurements at each pixel within each galaxy and the grey region shows the 18 and 81%-ile limits of the distribution. By construction, the average Toomre Q in the sample is Q(x, y)= 1, but varies by a factor ∼ 10 within the ISM, with the highest-Q (most stable) in the central regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ha-intensity-velocity-field-line-of-sight-velocity-3s1l8oay.png Fig. 1.— Hα intensity, velocity field, line of sight velocity dispersion (σ) and Toomre (Q) maps of the nine SHiZELS galaxies in our sample. Top Left: Hα emission line map. In SHiZELS 7, 8, 9, and 14 we identify and label the star-forming regions (clumps). Top Right: Toomre Q(x, y) maps of each galaxy, with contours at Q=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. In galaxies where we have identified star-forming regions (clumps), we also overlay their positions. These star-forming regions have an average Toomre Q=0.8± 0.4. Bottom Left: Hα velocity field of each galaxy (with the best-fit kinematic model overlaid as contours). Bottom Right: line of sight velocity dispersion (σ), corrected for local velocity gradient (∆V/∆R) across the PSF. At least six galaxies (SHiZELS 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, & 11), have dynamics that indicate that the ionised gas is in a large, rotating disk. A further two are compact (SHiZELS 4 & 12) whilst the dynamics of SHiZELS 14 indicate a merger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scaling-relations-between-size-luminosity-and-velocity-34u90tjo.png Fig. 5.— Scaling relations between size, luminosity and velocity dispersion for the star-forming regions in our high-redshift galaxies compared to those in local GMCs and Hii regions. In all of these plots, we baseline our measurements against local data from Terlevich & Melnick (1981); Arsenault et al. (1990); Bordalo & Telles (2011); Fuentes-Masip et al. (2000); Rozas et al. (2006). Left: The relation between velocity dispersion and size. For the high-redshift star-forming regions, we also include clump measurements from SINS (Genzel et al. 2011), ZWiggles (Wisnioski et al. 2012) and the cluster arc survey from (Jones et al. 2010). We also plot the properties of the HiZ GMCs from the numerical simulations from Hopkins (2012). The dashed line shows a fit to the data of the form r ∝ σ1.01. The dashed lines show lines of constant gas mass ( 9). Middle: The relation between velocity dispersion and luminosity of star-forming regions in high-redshift galaxies compared to those locally. The dashed line denotes L∝ σ3.8 which provides a good match to both the local and high-redshift data. Right: The scaling relation between size and luminosity of star-forming regions. The high high-redshift star-forming regions have luminosity densities which are a factor ∼ 15± 5× higher than those typically found locally (see also Wisnioski et al. 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-star-formation-rate-surface-density-as-a-function-of-3t0zlbr8.png Fig. 2.— Star formation rate surface density as a function of velocity dispersion for each pixel within the galaxies in our sample. The star formation rates are derived from Hα, corrected for galaxy reddening and the velocity dispersion has been corrected for local velocity gradient (§ 3.1). The small solid and open symbols denote measurements within and outside the half-light radius respectively. The solid squares show the star-formation and velocity dispersions of the ∼ kpc-scale clumps (Table 2) which appear as regions of high star formation density given their velocity dispersion. The grey region denotes the best fit to the ΣSFR –σ relation from combining the Toomre criterion and Kennicutt-Schmidt law (see equation 4) with power-law index ranging from n=1.0 – 1.4 (the dashed curve shows the solution for n=1.2). Over this range, the data is consistent with an absolute star formation efficiency of A=4.1± 2.4× 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-most-massive-clumps-that-can-form-the-cut-off-mass-30uduhtv.png Fig. 6.— The most massive clumps that can form (the “cut off mass”, M0) as a function of clump star formation surface density for SHiZELS galaxies. The cut off mass is related to the disk surface density (Σdisk) and epicyclic frequency (κ) via M0 ∝ Σ3diskκ −4. The z=0 observations are derived from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxy Survey (SINGS) Kennicutt et al. (2003). We also include in the plot measurements of other high-redshift starforming galaxies from the SINS survey (Genzel et al. 2011) and lensing surveys (Jones et al. 2010; Livermore et al. 2012). This shows that the cut off mass and star-formation surface densities of the high-redshift star-forming regions are (up to) a factor ∼ 100× higher than star-forming regions in local galaxies. Using a simple model for galaxies with evolving gas fractions (fgas ∝ (1+ z)(2± 0.5)) and using the redshift evolution of disk scaling relations (size, rotational velocity and stellar mass) from Dutton et al. (2011) and using equation 12 and 14 can be used to derive model tracks to show how the cut off mass and clump star formation surface density are expected to evolve with redshift. We plot these tracks for a ratio of stellar-to-gas velocity dispersion, fσ =2, but also show how the results change if we instead adopted vary for fσ =1. These tracks shows that the cut off mass and clump star formation surface density should increase by 1 – 2 dex between z=0 and z=3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-targets-galaxy-properties-35v2dm26.png Table 1: Targets & Galaxy Properties https://scispace.com/papers/the-protective-of-huc-mscs-derived-exosomes-on-pulmonary-h3183jh5w2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-q9vky1k4.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3dnkwwft.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spjapdyz.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zfcamnv4.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/the-protective-role-of-immunoglobulins-in-fungal-infections-2a59dvqg8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multi-faceted-functions-of-antibodies-in-the-35yp5ukw.png Fig. 1. Multi-faceted functions of antibodies in the protection against fungal infections and fungi-mediated inflammatory conditions. Antibodies confer protection against fungal infections by multiple mechanisms that include direct neutralization of fungi and their antigens, inhibition of growth of fungi, modification of gene expression, signaling and lipid metabolism, causing iron starvation, inhibition of polysaccharide release and biofilm formation. Antibodies promote opsonization of fungi and their phagocytosis, complement activation and antibody-dependent cell toxicity. Growing evidences also indicate that antibodies have a key role in immunomodulation and in preventing inflammation-mediated tissue damage. https://scispace.com/papers/the-psychosocial-context-of-pregnancy-smoking-and-quitting-4uy70kl2jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-mothers-by-maternal-smoking-phsdprlp.png Table 1: Characteristics of mothers by maternal smoking status during pregnancy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adjusted-relative-risks-for-quitting-smoking-and-2nn5bz6m.png Table 3: Adjusted relative risks for quitting smoking and persistent smoking, vs. never smoking during pregnancy, in relation to maternal psychosocial characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/the-ptf-orion-project-a-possible-planet-transiting-a-t-tauri-54k5e7av6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differential-radial-velocity-measurements-1cudfsqp.png Table 2 Differential Radial Velocity Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transit-observations-obtained-with-the-lcogt-bos-0-a2ppwjx3.png Figure 5. Transit observations obtained with the LCOGT BOS 0.8 m telescope (clear filter), on the nights of 2011 February 8 and 9 (Section 2.3). Gray regions again indicate the predicted transit windows using the period and T0 obtained with the PTF data. The second night shows a possible small flare at the end of the transit. Note that in addition to stellar variability, some of the systematic trends may also be air-mass related. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ptfo-8-8695-stellar-properties-19pd7s1i.png Table 1 PTFO 8-8695 Stellar Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-magnitude-diagram-following-briceno-et-al-3l0nwmi1.png Figure 1. Color–magnitude diagram following Briceño et al. (2005, Figure 7), highlighting PTFO 8-8695 (CVSO 30)—the star symbol—in relation to the other T-Tauri stars discovered therein (see Section 2.1). PTFO 8-8695 lies at the younger end of the distribution. Open circles indicate WTTS; filled circles indicate CTTS. Solid lines indicate, from the top, 1, 3, 10, and 30 Myr isochrones, and the zero-age main sequence, according to the models of Siess et al. (2000) at a distance of 330 pc. Photometric measurements are reproduced from Briceño et al. (2005). Reddening and extinction are neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-parameters-2ioqzmb8.png Table 3 System Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-differential-radial-velocity-measurements-obtained-pzw83kn4.png Figure 9. Differential radial velocity measurements obtained with Keck/HIRES and HET/HRS (Section 3.2.1). Zero phase is chosen to correspond to the photometric center-of-transit time. The offset between the two data sets is chosen to match the mean RV of each. The lines indicate best Keplerian fits (excluding the outlier): dashed line—circular orbit, transit-center time, T0, fixed to photometry (χ2red = 4.0); dotted line—eccentric orbit, transit-center time fixed to photometry (χ2red = 1.1); solid line—a sinusoidal fit (equivalent to a circular orbit) at the same period, with phase free to float (χ2red = 0.42). The eccentric fit is better than the fixed-T0 fit, but brings the companion to the surface of the star at periastron. The floating-phase sinusoidal fit gives the best result, suggesting that star spots either modify or dominate the Doppler RV signal. The outlier point may represent Rossiter–McLaughlin effect due to the transiting companion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-whitened-light-curves-for-nights-where-in-transit-yjipw0a0.png Figure 6. Whitened light curves for nights where in-transit data were obtained, folded on the transit period (Section 3.1.1; left and right panels show first and second year’s data, respectively). Flux values are normalized to unity outside of eclipse, and nights are offset vertically in increments of 0.1 for clarity. Transits are further distinguished in alternating black and gray, and crosses (red in the online color version) indicate data flagged as potentially compromised. The Julian day on which each transit occurred is indicated for comparison with Figures 2 and 3. The light gray regions indicate the transit windows. Note that partially covered transits with little or no data on one or other side of the transit window are likely to suffer from poor stellar-variability correction and show significant systematic error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photometric-light-curve-for-2009-december-1-2010-3g8czqob.png Figure 2. Photometric light curve for 2009 December 1–2010 January 15 (Sections 2.1 and 3.1.1). Light gray regions indicate the transit windows, fixed at the measured transit period, width, and epoch of center-transit (T0). Dark gray points (red in the online journal) indicate data automatically flagged by the data reduction software as potentially non-optimal for various possible reasons (e.g., imperfect weather, evidence of contamination within the photometric aperture, etc.). https://scispace.com/papers/the-queer-coat-konstantin-goncharov-s-fashion-russian-1tbx0qyhhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-goncharovs-coat-an-element-of-internal-detailing-2avpqf6f.png Figure 7: Goncharov’s coat. An element of internal detailing. Courtesy of Ekaterina Andreeva. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-goncharovs-label-courtesy-of-ekaterina-andreeva-3lxo0wxf.png Figure 13: Goncharov’s label. Courtesy of Ekaterina Andreeva. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vladislav-mamyshev-monroes-politburo-a-fragment-3pwkgalo.png Figure 4: Vladislav Mamyshev-Monroe’s Politburo. A fragment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-model-wearing-goncharovs-coat-at-a-fashion-show-2id2yujh.png Figure 6: A model wearing Goncharov’s coat at a fashion show in St. Petersburg. Courtesy of Aleksey Sokolov. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-11-12-goncharovs-sketches-courtesy-of-aleksey-2aq9vmgh.png Figures 11–12: Goncharov’s sketches. Courtesy of Aleksey Sokolov. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-photograph-of-the-cover-of-the-1991-us-edition-of-1j4vbwnf.png Figure 1: A photograph of the cover of the 1991 US edition of Vogue featuring Arthur Elgort’s photograph of fashionistas in St. Petersburg. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-aleksey-sokolov-and-konstantin-goncharov-in-a-st-2tx3rq0x.png Figure 10: Aleksey Sokolov and Konstantin Goncharov in a St. Petersburg park. Courtesy of Aleksey Sokolov. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-danila-wearing-a-killer-coat-still-from-aleksey-2xkvzxnz.png Figure 2: Danila wearing a ‘killer’ coat. Still from Aleksey Balabanov’s Brother (1998). https://scispace.com/papers/the-quick-exposure-check-qec-inter-rater-reliability-in-2tz9nl6pup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-house-of-work-ability-j-ilmarinen-finnish-3dj0ajbv.png Figure 1. The house of work ability (J Ilmarinen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-design-and-methods-of-papers-1-iv-1gy586pq.png Table 1. Summary of the design and methods of Papers 1-IV https://scispace.com/papers/the-ranking-of-negative-cost-emissions-reduction-measures-4c8k2lvh81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pareto-ranking-of-the-negative-cost-measures-of-toke-at1hou3x.png Table 2. Pareto ranking of the negative-cost measures of Toke and Taylor (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-macc-of-pout-2000-21d26cz5.png Figure 5. MACC of Pout (2000) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rankings-for-a-set-of-measures-taken-from-toke-and-qut4f8c9.png Table 1. Rankings for a set of measures taken from Toke and Taylor (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-macc-of-mckinsey-cbi-2007-10i1akfn.png Figure 4. MACC of McKinsey (CBI 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-definition-of-a-pareto-front-for-emissions-2cyjvzx5.png Figure 3. Definition of a Pareto front for emissions reduction measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphical-representation-of-the-pareto-ranking-of-2i7e5691.png Figure 6. Graphical representation of the Pareto ranking of the data of Toke and Taylor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-plot-of-metric-mstd-as-a-function-of-9pfodocd.png Figure 2. Surface plot of metric Mstd as a function of specific cost c and specific emissions saving g https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-macc-of-toke-and-taylor-2007-11qp2880.png Figure 1. MACC of Toke and Taylor (2007) https://scispace.com/papers/the-rave-survey-rich-in-very-metal-poor-stars-2hfv438961 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rave-spectra-of-three-metal-poor-stars-with-our-3mzxbkhc.png Figure 1. RAVE spectra of three metal-poor stars, with our derived iron abundance estimates (consistent with previous estimates in the literature). Note the dominance of the Ca ii triplet lines, and the growing strength of Fe i and other species as [Fe/H] increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-calibrated-iron-abundances-fe-h-for-12g9o6ac.png Figure 3. Distribution of calibrated iron abundances [Fe/H], for the sample of VMP stars selected from the RAVE database (solid line). The dashed histogram includes the VMP stars from the re-analysis of RAVE spectra for candidates from the HES survey and from Ruchti et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calibration-of-the-calcium-abundance-derived-from-38rezgc3.png Figure 2. Calibration of the calcium abundance derived from the RAVE spectra onto iron abundance, using [Fe/H] from high-resolution echelle spectra, for 112 stars. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-destination-image-and-satisfaction-12klpqos9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-analysis-of-destination-image-satisfaction-2v4gk0kp.png Table 2: Factor analysis of destination image, satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-analysis-of-destination-image-by-xbe3rn0u.png Table 4: Variance analysis of destination image by educational degree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-analysis-of-destination-image-by-gender-1wigll80.png Table 3: Variance analysis of destination image by gender. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-hypothesis-test-2qb3hdx4.png Table 5: Results of hypothesis test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-of-destination-and-gjpsu6ks.png Figure 1: Conceptual framework of destination and satisfaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-visit-frequency-of-tourism-attraction-in-macao-world-95cyb0wn.png Table 1: Visit frequency of tourism attraction in Macao World Heritage sites. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-emotional-and-functional-choices-of-46hgt668l6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-comparison-between-emotional-functional-choice-6al2rs8d.png Table 4. The comparison between emotional functional choice and organizational attractiveness due to demographic specialties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-club-athletes-demographic-2gxt9nap.png Table 2. Distribution of club athletes’ demographic specialties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-levels-of-emotional-functional-choice-and-1wrcqsff.png Table 3. The levels of emotional functional choice and organizational attractiveness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-structure-of-emotional-and-functional-choice-391mzj04.png Table 1. Factor structure of emotional and functional choice scale. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-energy-and-socio-economic-oic4rsf526 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-between-gdp-and-electricity-consumption-25r2fyal.png Figure 2. Relation between GDP and electricity consumption for MED 11 and EU countries (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-domestic-fuel-price-subsidy-mechanisms-in-net-energy-zs31vuiu.png Table 4. Domestic fuel price subsidy mechanisms in net energy importing SEMC’s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-consumption-per-capita-and-gdp-per-capita-9l2uhwmo.png Figure 1. Energy consumption per capita and GDP per capita (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-social-economic-and-environmental-impacts-of-energy-1x9db4d8.png Figure 3. Social, economic and environmental impacts of energy subsidies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-various-subsidies-by-category-of-3gf1qizw.png Figure 4. Distribution of various subsidies by category of population revenues in Egypt (2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-subsidies-in-semcs-2010-or-most-recent-2i8mgxst.png Table 3. Energy subsidies in SEMCs (2010 or most recent available data) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-types-of-energy-subsidies-2zykaezn.png Table 2. Main types of energy subsidies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-semc-macro-economic-and-energy-data-and-indicators-2zyczjhn.png Table 1. SEMC macro-economic and energy data and indicators(2009) https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-lipoprotein-a-and-other-lipids-with-2zlqjj2ff9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-forest-plots-of-the-lp-a-effects-observed-in-different-3jf087o9.png Fig 1. Forest plots of the Lp(a) effects observed in different analyses based on each PCa type. The main and sensitivity analyses estimates are based on the weighted median approach, whereas MVMR includes the IVW estimates. Sensitivity analyses 1-3 refer to the univariable models. Sensitivity analysis 1 is based on an eased clumping threshold of 0.01, sensitivity analysis 2 includes an IV set based on another paper and finally sensitivity analysis 3 is based upon variants located in the LPA gene. Each square represents the OR for each PCa outcome, reported per sd increase in the biomarker, with the 95% CI represented by the error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariable-estimates-of-genetically-predicted-lp-a-llwdes98.png Table 1. Univariable estimates of genetically predicted Lp(a) on each PCa outcome. 244 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-multilingual-raters-language-2hvuc3f4ky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-summary-of-raters-severity-groups-2xtz5w79.png Figure 3. Summary of raters’ severity groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-facets-calibration-report-for-6-raters-in-2yajn6yu.png Table 2. Facets calibration report for 6 raters in comprehension judgements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-resources-of-language-exposure-in-the-preschool-3etbtvyf.png Table 4: The resources of language exposure in the preschool phase (at 5 years of age) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-summary-of-the-raters-language-experience-1u500mcd.png Table 3. The summary of the raters’ language experience. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-facets-calibration-report-for-six-raters-in-24ldi7m5.png Table 1. The Facets calibration report for six raters in accentedness judgements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-column-shows-the-logit-scales-and-the-2bgw749b.png Figure 1. The first column shows the logit scales, and the second, third, and fourth column shows speakers’ accentedness (with higher values meaning higher accentedness), task difficulty (with higher values meaning more difficult tasks), and rater severity (with higher values meaning more lenient raters). The last column shows the structure of the accentedness rating scale. Figure 1 indicates that the speakers’ accentedness varied widely (logit = -1.01 to 1.73; M = 0.54, SD = 0.53) and that difficulty of the three tasks differed little across the tasks (logit = -0.10 to 0.13; M = 0.00, SD = 0.10); this was in line with our intentions in planning the research design. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-test-coverage-and-reliability-3ryzvbanzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-complexity-test-length-for-achieving-di-erent-dp451v9u.png Table 1: The complexity (test length) for achieving di erent coverage criteria [weu93] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-table-for-ds1-total-21000-tests-applied-3hqivx1x.png Table 2: Summary table for DS1 (total 21,000 tests applied) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-actual-defect-coverage-vs-computed-values-j86ku33n.png Figure 6: Actual defect coverage vs computed values https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-table-for-ds3-total-16-tests-applied-wkjfmg21.png Table 4: Summary table for DS3 (total 16 tests applied) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-actual-and-tted-using-equation-11-values-of-defect-3ac3gofz.png Figure 5: Actual and tted (using Equation 11) values of defect coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-c2-c3-and-c4-against-c1-usn764lv.png Figure 4: Scatter plot of C2, C3 and C4 against C1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-detectability-1v2ur4je.png Figure 2: Distribution of detectability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-growth-of-coverage-measures-with-testing-15mcd0gn.png Figure 3: Growth of coverage measures with testing https://scispace.com/papers/the-renaissance-of-non-aqueous-uranium-chemistry-3cdo0g8zr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-n-heterocyclic-carbene-complexes-41-44-of-uranium-11kjnu04.png Figure 13. N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (41-44) of uranium(III)-(VI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-terminal-eh-e-s-se-te-at-uranium-in-complex-171-2gmdyu9w.png Figure 30. Terminal EH (E = S, Se, Te) at uranium in complex 171. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagrams-showing-the-subsequent-effects-where-1ffypxxz.png Figure 5. Diagrams showing the subsequent effects, where operating, of electrostatic repulsion, spin-orbit coupling and crystal field on: a) 4I uranium(III), b) 3H uranium(IV), c) 2F uranium(V). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-nitrosyl-complex-of-uranium-74-1aojjhok.png Figure 17. The nitrosyl complex of uranium 74. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-selected-uranium-chalcogenide-complexes-159-170-2h4koell.png Figure 29. Selected uranium chalcogenide complexes 159-170. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uranium-iv-v-and-vi-alkyls-21-27-1lgvn904.png Figure 9. Uranium(IV), (V), and (VI) alkyls 21-27. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-uranyl-v-single-molecule-magnets-186-188-picn18n2.png Figure 33. Uranyl(V) single molecule magnets 186-188. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-variation-of-frontier-uranium-orbital-energies-1neiyk4s.png Figure 3. a) Variation of frontier uranium orbital energies with and without relativistic effects; the latter incorporates spin orbit coupling. Adapted from Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 2, Dordrecht, 2003. b) Illustration of the variation of metal-based frontier orbital energies for the 5fn16d1 electron configurations of Cp3An (An = Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu) complexes; the frontier electrons are shown as black dots. Adapted from Bursten et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2756. https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-of-large-fire-occurrence-with-drought-and-5drn2tl5m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-comparing-empirical-distributions-of-8rcxibwq.png Table 2. Statistics comparing empirical distributions of indices during large fire events with those during all conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-empirical-cumulative-distribution-functions-ecdf-of-3q9c691i.png Fig. 5. Empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDF) of indices, for all conditions and those associated with fires. For fires, n — 5976 (shown in grey). Owing to processing limitations, I x 10 ̂values were randomly sampled from the index values to create the ECDF of ‘all’ values (shown in black), {a) Energy Release Component for fuel model G (ERC(G)) (7-day average), {b) monthly precipitation (PPT), (c) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), {d) Standardised Precipitation Index at 3 months (SPI3), (e) at 6 months (SPI6), (/) at 9 months (SPI9), (g) at 12 months (SPII2) and {h) at 24 months (SPI24). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-plot-of-sum-of-area-burned-by-index-percentile-each-3lzcvciq.png Fig. 9. Plot of sum of area burned, by index percentile. Each point represents the total area bumed in that percentile, with 100 percentile bins, {a) Energy Release Component for fuel model G (ERC(G)), {b) monthly precipitation (PPT), (c) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), {d) Standardised Precipitation Index at 3 months (SPIS), (e) at 6 months (SPI6), (/) at 9 months (SPI9), (g) at 12 months (SPI12) and (h) at 24 months (SPI24). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-90-confidence-interval-around-the-mean-value-of-2t2t4po8.png Fig. 4. The 90% confidence interval around the mean value of indices, for all index values during 1 January 1984-31 December 2008 and for index values associated with large fires events. Bootstrapped mean was calculated on a sample with replacement, with sample size = 1000, and sample conducted 500 times. Pairs of confidence intervals overlapped for PDSI, SPI6, SPI9, SPI12 and SPI24, meaning there is not statistical evidence that the means are different under conditions when large fires occurred. Monthly precipitation (PPT), Energy Release Component (ERC), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and Standardised Precipitation Index at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month timescales (SPI3-SPI24). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-l-inear-models-relating-dronght-index-percentiles-to-1i33m6p3.png Table 4. L inear models relating dronght index percentiles to area bnrned A, area bumed; ERC_pct, ERC(G) percentile; PPT_pct, PPT percentile; PDSI_pct, PDSI percentile; SPI3_pct, SPI3 percentile; SPI6_pct, SPI6 percentile; SPI9_pct, SPI9 percentile; SPI12_pct, SPI12 percentile; SPI24_pct, SPI24 percentile; B?, adjusted of model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-study-area-in-the-western-us-west-of-the-310vw0v1.png Fig. 1. Map of the study area in the western US, west of the grasslands of the Great Plains region, as delineated by Omernik ecoregion boundaries. This figure shows all fires included in the analysis, selected from the Monitoring Trends in Bum Severity database based on the following criteria: (1) fires with centroid inside the study area and (2) fires with bum area greater than or equal to 404.7ha (1000 acres) in size. (Map projection: Albers.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plot-of-total-number-of-fires-summed-by-index-3kld4v56.png Fig. 8. Plot of total number of fires, summed by index percentile. Each point represents the total number of fires that occurred in that percentile, with 100 percentile bins, (a) Energy Release Component for fuel model G (ERC(G)), (b) monthly precipitation (PPT), (c) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), (d) Standardised Precipitation Index at 3 months (SPIS), (e) at 6 months (SPI6), ( /) at 9 months (SPI9), (g) at 12 months (SPI12) and (b) at 24 months (SPI24). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-the-westem-us-with-gridded-3-month-standardised-3u0j9xp3.png Fig. 2. Map of the westem US with gridded 3-month Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI3) data for June 2008 andUS Climate Division boundaries. The map illustrates the fmescale variability in SPI3. (Map projection: Albers.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-representation-of-hydrological-dynamical-systems-using-1jy055ekyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-simple-vegetation-growth-model-presented-in-1hgjxaz5.png Figure 12. The simple vegetation growth model presented in Montaldo et al. (2005). It con- https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-a-matrix-for-the-hbv-example-the-anti-diagonal-27agc7n9.png Table 10. The A matrix for the HBV example. The anti-diagonal 1s reveal the presence of a https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-a-matrix-for-the-hbv-example-p-is-an-input-and-has-2o0jfune.png Table 8. A− matrix for the HBV example. P is an input and has no places connecting to it, https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-incidence-matrix-between-the-places-and-transition-2peyu51x.png Table 14. Incidence matrix between the places and transition generated by h-wiring in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-graphical-objects-used-in-epn-not-all-of-them-3pop7eyf.png Figure 4. The graphical objects used in EPN. Not all of them need to be present.168 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expression-table-associated-to-the-epn-i9t427eh.png Table 2. Expression table associated to the EPN representation of the BST model(Birkel et https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-b-matrix-relative-to-the-hbv-example-572-1jiy325a.png Table 13. B+ matrix relative to the HBV example.572 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-matrix-of-the-connections-between-places-and-1u544one.png Table 12. Matrix of the connections between places and controllers in the HBV example.567 https://scispace.com/papers/the-return-to-the-firm-investment-in-human-capital-4562i6j4mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-production-function-estimates-2o5j3ro5.png Table 2: Production Function Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-medians-of-main-variables-by-training-intensity-1dd8o0a4.png Table 1: Medians of Main Variables by Training Intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-return-of-a-training-hour-for-all-employees-3gi3mrtu.png Table 4: Marginal Return of a Training Hour for All Employees https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-the-cost-function-kx3c0ndd.png Table 3: Estimates of the Cost Function https://scispace.com/papers/the-returns-to-education-in-entrepreneurship-heterogeneity-1q4bg76pm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-returns-to-schooling-linear-specification-results-3kgt8k1e.png Table 2: Returns to schooling, linear specification, results from 2002 cross-section, dependent variable is log of annual surplus OLS IV, Parents edu. IV, Spouse edu. IV, All Instru. Heckit, labor force Heckit, all selfemp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-return-to-types-of-schooling-2fayfoih.png Figure 2: Return to types of schooling https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-return-to-schooling-dummies-for-years-of-schooling-xdrbf8nw.png Table A.1: Return to schooling, dummies for years of schooling, different years, dependent variable is log of annual surplus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-return-to-years-of-schooling-length-dummies-25s38bdq.png Figure 6: Return to years of schooling, length dummies, different definitions of sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-return-to-schooling-dummies-for-years-of-schooling-2fbafh45.png Table A.2: Return to schooling, dummies for years of schooling, different sample specifications, dependent variable is log of annual surplus unless otherwise indicated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-return-to-years-of-schooling-different-3477smxy.png Figure 1: Return to years of schooling, different specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2ohuejft.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-returns-to-schooling-quadratic-specification-results-1glu9oa4.png Table 3: Returns to schooling, quadratic specification, results from 2002 cross-section, dependent variable is log of annual surplus OLS IV, Parents edu. IV, Spouse edu. IV, All Instru. Heckit, labor force Heckit, all selfemp. https://scispace.com/papers/the-riddles-of-historic-urban-quarters-inscription-on-the-1a3ej6lqi5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-univariate-t-test-comparison-of-average-2bz3t4uo.png Table 4: Results of univariate t-test, comparison of average items related to the threats of inscription on cultural sites in the World Heritage List with a moderate level (3) (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-univariate-t-test-comparison-of-meanings-1thq6ws3.png Table 3: Results of univariate t-test, comparison of meanings related to the opportunities for inscription of cultural sites on the World Heritage List with a moderate level (3) (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-friedman-test-results-prioritizing-items-related-to-k30k4en6.png Table 5: Friedman test results, prioritizing items related to the strengths of inscription historical sites on the World Heritage List (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-friedman-test-results-prioritizing-items-related-to-2qlxu1oi.png Table 6: Friedman test results, prioritizing items related to the weaknesses of inscription historical sites on the World Heritage List (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-friedman-test-results-prioritizing-items-related-to-1z9lqs9b.png Table 7: Friedman test results, prioritizing items related to the opportunities of inscription historical sites on the World Heritage List (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-matrix-of-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-and-2j9ecvsq.png Table 11: Matrix of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-imbalanced-distribution-of-cultural-world-heritage-6qn1w87z.png Figure 1: Imbalanced distribution of cultural World Heritage sites based on continents and countries (UNESCO, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-friedman-test-results-prioritizing-strengths-7r3bzz7u.png Table 10: Friedman Test Results, Prioritizing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Source: Authors). https://scispace.com/papers/the-right-information-may-matter-more-than-frequency-place-46ns9de0pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-training-and-testing-over-sessions-for-e6avpn4i.png Table 2: Summary of training and testing over sessions for group HM-S. For group S-HM, sessions 2 to 5 and 11 used shifted in place of high-matched processing, while sessions 6 to 10 used highmatched in place of shifted processing. For CDT, the number of minutes of training in each session is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-centre-and-cut-off-frequencies-of-input-filters-for-1iink9rt.png Table 1: Centre and cut-off frequencies of input filters for shifted and high-matched processors. The output filters for both processors were identical to the input filters of the high-matched processor. The basilar membrane locations for a 35 mm long cochlea that match each centre and cut-off frequency are shown in the right hand column. https://scispace.com/papers/the-right-to-independent-living-for-adult-people-with-nt6h4izwpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-degree-of-desire-to-leave-the-nuclear-family-34etknqt.png Table 5 - Degree of desire to leave the nuclear family https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-apartments-per-institution-22uxmsxu.png Table 2 - Number of apartments per Institution https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-apartments-per-number-of-tenants-3sl4mkey.png Table 3 - Number of apartments per number of tenants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-of-the-structures-2vyhzr5v.png Table 1 - Location of the structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-type-of-structures-used-6gkogpch.png Table 4 - Type of structures used https://scispace.com/papers/the-rigid-adsorbent-lattice-fluid-model-for-pure-and-mixed-v6jxnjxbrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-relationships-needed-to-calculate-the-16hswxfd.png Table 2. Summary of relationships needed to calculate the residual chemical potential of the adsorbed phase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pure-component-lf-parameters-2sbbj9zf.png Table 1. Pure component LF parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pure-component-isotherms-at-300-k-and-comparison-of-1n9kaicc.png Fig. 3 Pure component isotherms at 300 K and comparison of RALF and Toth models.35 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-ralf-model-with-experimental-data38-l5s6ug1x.png Figure 2. Comparison of RALF model with experimental data38 for CH4, N2, CO, Ar, CO2 and Kr. Model calculations based on fitting + ) and g . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-binary-y-vs-x-plots-predicted-from-pure-component-1n7vlhwi.png Figure 4. Binary y vs x plots predicted from pure component isotherms by the Toth model35 and the RALF model at 300 K and 345 kPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parity-plots-for-adsorbed-amounts-mol-kg-in-isv2uo28.png Figure 5. Parity plots for adsorbed amounts (mol/kg) in quaternary mixture at 300 K and 345 kPa.35 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adsorption-enthalpy-for-n-alkanes-in-silicalite-dok9z84z.png Figure 1. Adsorption enthalpy for n-alkanes in silicalite. Comparison of RALF model with + ) = 0 and g = 0 and literature correlations based on experimental data35-36 and molecular simulations.37 https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-of-the-middle-class-and-economic-growth-in-asean-2654or0i9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-wdi-data-effects-on-log-gdp-per-capita-of-zhel9er2.png Table 7. Robustness WDI Data: Effects on Log GDP per capita of a 1 Percentage Point Increase in the Income Share Held by the Middle Class (Initial Level of Economic Development is PPP GDP per capita in 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-economic-growth-during-1990-2010-on-the-3mpy0gc0.png Table 3. Effects of Economic Growth During 1990-2010 on the Share of Income Held by the Middle Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-econometric-model-ii-1c10bvtp.png Table 4. Econometric Model II https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-econometric-model-iii-3byk6809.png Table 5. Econometric Model III https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-econometric-model-i-10fkjinc.png Table 1. Econometric Model I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-the-income-share-of-the-middle-class-on-2kdc0xt6.png Figure 1. Effects of the Income Share of the Middle Class on GDP per capita https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-economic-growth-during-1970-2010-on-the-1rqxh8fr.png Table 2. Effects of Economic Growth During 1970-2010 on the Share of Income Held by the Middle Class https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-and-fall-of-spatial-inequalities-in-france-a-long-4vnaj793f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theil-indices-for-population-employment-and-value-3qqk74ig.png Table 2: Theil indices for population, employment, and value-added https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presents-the-figures-obtained-for-population-778ey281.png Table 2: Theil indices for population, employment, and value-added https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-the-effect-of-human-capital-in-2000-n5szpzdm.png Table 13: The effect of human capital in 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-the-effect-of-human-capital-over-1860-1930-2a6bopwm.png Table 12: The effect of human capital over 1860-1930 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sectoral-share-of-employment-and-value-added-1rgvqczt.png Table 4: Sectoral share of employment and value-added https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-industry-specific-productivity-and-employment-2dxirinw.png Table 9: Industry-specific productivity and employment density: multivariate analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-between-labor-productivity-and-208d3ive.png Table 7: Correlations between labor productivity and employment density https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-theil-index-by-sector-for-value-added-per-employee-xx037pi3.png Table 6: Theil index by sector for value-added per employee https://scispace.com/papers/the-risk-of-hip-and-non-vertebral-fractures-in-patients-with-3d3b31qzb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-included-studies-examining-the-kvct510f.png Table 1: Summary of included studies examining the association between Parkinson’s disease and the risk of hip and non-vertebral fractures Y: years; m: months; NR: not reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-effect-sizes-from-the-different-subgroup-1157rn9p.png Table 4: Summary effect sizes from the different subgroup analyses performed for the association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the risk of hip fracture. Only the effect sizes for gender did not have overlapping confidence intervals (shown in bold) a Genever et al (15): diagnosed by a consultant Care of the Elderly physician, specialised in movement disorders, using the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank criteria; Lorefält et al (16):diagnosis in geriatric and neurological departments, UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria; Melton et al (23): at least two of four cardinal signs: resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, or impaired postural reflexes with all three of the following: (1) no secondary cause; (2) no documentation of unresponsiveness to levodopa treatment (applicable only to treated patients); and (3) no prominent or early (within 1 year of onset) signs of more extensive nervous system involvement (e.g., dementia or dysautonomia) not otherwise explained CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; RR: Relative risk; OR: Odds ratio; IRR: Incidence risk ratio; NA: Not available https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plots-of-the-subgroup-analysis-based-on-19cye3s3.png Figure 3: Forest plots of the subgroup analysis based on gender of the association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the risk of hip fractures. Random effects model was used to pool the overall effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The diamond represents the pooled ES and the squares and horizontal lines represent the ES and 95% CI respectively for each individual study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plots-of-the-association-between-parkinsons-26insthw.png Figure 2: Forest plots of the association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the risk of hip (A) and nonvertebral (B) fractures. Random effects model was used to pool the overall effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The diamond represents the pooled ES and the squares and horizontal lines represent the ES and 95% CI respectively for each individual study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-authors-judgement-for-the-quality-of-included-2zpi7qea.png Table 2: Authors’ judgement for the quality of included studies, scored using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (14) for cohort studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-authors-judgement-for-the-quality-of-included-15ez81i6.png Table 3: Authors’ judgement for the quality of included studies, scored using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (14) for case-control studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-chart-for-the-study-selection-process-2m7g21y8.png Figure 1: PRISMA flow chart for the study selection process https://scispace.com/papers/the-rna-binding-protein-hur-is-essential-for-the-b-cell-3zyhvj617v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hur-expression-is-increased-during-b-cell-3fa8qrd5.png Figure 1. HuR expression is increased during B cell activation (a) qPCR analysis of Elavl1 (HuR), Elavl2, Elavl3 and Elavl4 mRNA expression in ex vivo splenic B cells (n=6) and brain (n=2). Data shown relative to Elavl1 mRNA expression (ND = not detected). (b) Intracellular HuR staining in B cell subsets in the bone marrow (BM). (c) HuR protein expression in splenic B cell subsets. B cell populations in BM and spleen in Mb1-Cre (unfloxed controls, Ctrl.) and Elavl1fl/flMb1-Cre (HuR-cKO) mice were analysed by flow cytometry as described in online methods. (d) Quantification of HuR expression. Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of HuR staining relative to an isotype control (IC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-akgdh-enzymatic-activity-is-required-for-b-cell-3nhl0xn0.png Figure 7. αKGDH enzymatic activity is required for B cell survival and proliferation (a) Viability of splenic B cells activated with LPS + IL-4 (96 h) in the presence of the indicated doses of succinyl phosphonate (SP) or phosphonoethyl ester of succinyl phosphonate (PESP). Data from one of the two independent experiments performed is shown as mean ± SD (n=4 per group; unpaired t tests comparing control samples against each different dose; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001). (b) Representative CellTrace™ Violet (CTV) dye profiles in the presence of SP and PESP. The number of cells in each generation was calculated based on dye dilution. (c) In vitro proliferation of Dlst+/+ and Dlst+/− splenic https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-auxin-and-sugar-signaling-in-dominance-1wgmzdfqa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-the-end-of-flowering-transition-ykj0s026.png Figure 1. Characterization of the end of flowering transition. (A) An active inflorescence shoot apex containing numerous flowers at different stages of development. (B) Q1 inflorescence shoot apex with a white arrow pointing at the compact quiescent apex, which consists of young unopened flower buds. The asterisks mark mature flowers with developing fruit attached to elongated pedicels. (C) Image inflorescence shoot apex at the Q2 stage of development, in which growth at the apex, including the fruits, ceased. (D) Average internode length was determined for the last 30 internodes produced after the end of flowering transition. Note: internode 30 is the last internode to elongate before Q1 stage arrest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expression-patterns-for-sugar-signaling-metabolism-2txt560k.png Figure 5. Expression patterns for sugar signaling, metabolism and transport genes. Gene expression patterns were determined in (A, C and E) active and (B, D and F) Q1 apices. (A and B) TPS1, which is expressed in the vasculature of the inflorescence stem, was used as a marker to assess the T6P pathway (Wahl et al., 2013; Ponnu et al., 2020). (C and D) CINV1 is an invertase, which is required for growth (Barratt et al., 2009). (E and F) SUC2 is a sucrose transporter expressed in the vascular tissues of inflorescences (Truernit and Sauer, 1995; Gottwald et al., 2000). The length of the bar is 50 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-change-in-auxin-response-in-apical-inflorescence-3jicyzp1.png Figure 4. A change in auxin response in apical inflorescence stems at end of flowering transition. DR5:GUS staining patterns in (A) active, (C) Q1 and (E) Q2 shoot apices. Close up of stems where developing fruits are attached in (B) active, (D) Q1 and (F) Q2 shoot apices. Histological cross sections in the apical stem for an (G) active and (H) Q2 stage inflorescence. Note: inset of vascular bundle displayed in upper right corner of each image. In actively growing shoots, the section shown in (G) was through the region of the stem where the developing fruits were attached. The section displayed in (H) was in a region of the stem where the last fruits set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14c-iaa-transport-in-stem-segments-during-6tdtybas.png Figure 3. 14C-IAA transport in stem segments during inflorescence development. Images of (A) active and (B) Q1 inflorescence shoots. The white box marks the region of the stem where developing fruits are attached. This region is referred as the zone of fruit development (ZFD). IAA transport was determined in apical stem (AS) segments and basal stem (BS) segments relative to the ZFD. (C) Radiolabeled IAA transport was measured during inflorescence development starting at a time just before the first fruit set (BFS). After fruit set, 14C-IAA was determined in apical stem (AS) and basal stem (BS) segments when 10, 20 and 35 fruits were produced, as well as the Q1 stage. The light colour boxes represent control stem segments in which 14C-IAA transport was measured in the presence of naphthyphthalamic acid (NPA), an inhibitor of polar auxin transport. The letters above the bars determine whether differences in 14C-IAA transport were statistically significant using analysis of variance, Tukey’s honest significant difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expression-patterns-for-key-genes-that-control-z1k7608l.png Figure 2. Expression patterns for key genes that control shoot growth. Gene expression patterns were shown for (A, C, E and G) active and (B, D, F and H) Q1 apices. (A and B) CDKB1;1 is a mitotic regulator expressed in shoot meristem (Segers et al., 1996). (C and D) STM is a shoot meristem identity gene (Long et al., 1996). (E and F) WUS is key regulator of stem cell homeostasis (Laux et al., 1996). (G and H) MP regulates flower formation and vascular development (Hardtke and Berleth, 1998). (A) The length of the bar is 50 µm. (H) Arrow points at the MP expression in the sub-apical region of the meristem and pith cells in the Q1 apex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sugar-content-in-shoot-apices-and-developing-fruits-1w57ir0y.png Figure 6. Sugar content in shoot apices and developing fruits. Sugar levels determined in shoot apices before fruit set (BFS Apex), after 15 fruit set (15FS Apex) and at the Q1 stage (Q1 Apex). Sugar levels were also determined in developing fruits when 15 fruits set (15FS Fruit) and at the Q1 stage (Q1 Fruit). The levels of (A) Glucose, (B) fructose and (C) sucrose were measured from dry weight (DW) tissue. The letters above the bars determine whether differences in sugar levels were statistically significant using analysis of variance, Tukey’s honest significant difference. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-behavioral-dynamics-in-determining-the-patch-1wun8sn0bl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coexistence-equilibria-of-the-cressman-et-al-2004-22x9xqnc.png Table 1: Coexistence equilibria of the Cressman et al. (2004) figure 6 competition model (eqq. [3], [4]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamics-of-the-full-replicator-dynamics-model-eqq-2jsxq9e0.png Figure 3: Dynamics of the full replicator dynamics model (eqq. [3], [4]), augmented with a behavioral mutation rate of for the cases of 6m p 10 and , with parameters as in figure 1 (Cressman et al.’s [2004] fig. 6). Note that the time axis spans 2,000 time units forv p v p 4 v p v p 5001 2 1 2 A but 200 time units for B. The left-side plots show total population densities of each species (solid line, N1; dashed line, N2), and the right-side plots show the proportions in habitat A (solid line, species 1; dashed line, species 2). Because the fluctuations in total population size for the two species are synchronous, the two lines are superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vector-fields-showing-the-behavioral-dynamics-1cci7yxu.png Figure 1: Vector fields showing the behavioral dynamics defined by the replicator equations for the cases from Cressman et al.’s (2004; CKG) figure 6 example for four different pairs of (constant) total population densities. Arrows give the direction and magnitude of the change in habitat distributions across a grid of potential distributions of the two species between two habitats, given the replicator dynamics of equations (4). In each case, the coexistence equilibrium being examined is characterized by a distribution of individuals that lies at the center of the small circle (see table 1). A, The point , is not locally stable when ; the locally stable point for these population densities is , .p p 1 q p 0 N p N p 19 q p 1 p p 01 2 However, this behavioral equilibrium is not a population dynamic equilibrium; both per capita growth rates are negative at this point. B, N p1 and has a population dynamical equilibrium point where most of the species-1 individuals are in patch 1 and all of the species-212 N p 12 individuals are in patch 2 ( ; ), but the plot again shows that this is behaviorally unstable, with the system moving to , .p p 5/6 q p 1 p p 1 q p 0 C, has a population dynamical equilibrium at , , but the behavioral dynamics at this point are not at equilibrium; theN p N p 2 p p 0 q p 11 2 plot shows that both species switch habitats completely to end up at , . Plot D corresponds to the equilibrium studied in detail by CKG:p p 1 q p 0 , , . However, this is again behaviorally unstable; the vector field shows that the system moves to either ,N p N p 11 p p 10/11 q p 1/11 p p 11 2 or , , depending on the initial deviation from the equilibrium.q p 0 q p 1 p p 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamics-of-the-competition-model-with-movement-36fk1b4g.png Figure 4: Dynamics of the competition model with movement based on equation (2a) (equivalently, eqq. [5], [6]) for two pairs of movement parameters m and l. The plots show the proportions of both species in habitat A (right) and the total population densities across both patches (left; populations are synchronous in B). As in figure 3, species 1 is described by the solid line and species 2 is described by the dashed line. Initial densities are close to the candidate ideal free distribution point: , , , and . In each case shown, the dynamicsN p 10 N p 1 N p 1 N p 10.011A 1B 2A 2B are only one of three alternative attractors that exist for each system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamics-of-the-full-replicator-dynamics-model-eqq-srkit9kd.png Figure 2: Dynamics of the full replicator dynamics model (eqq. [3], [4]) for the case of , with parameters as in figure 1 (Cressmanv p v p 2.71 2 et al.’s [2004] fig. 6), and initial values , , , andN p 1 N p 1 q p 0.92 1 . The ultimate dynamics are cycles, but the system first approachesp p 0.9 the unstable equilibrium at , , . It then ap-N p N p 19 p p 1 q p 01 2 proaches the second unstable equilibrium at withN p N p 11 p p1 2 and , but the cycles around that point expand; the final10/11 q p 1/11 dynamics shown appear to persist indefinitely. The top panel shows total population densities of the species (solid line, N1; dashed line, N2), and the bottom panel shows the proportions in habitat A (solid line, species 1; dashed line, species 2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-constitutive-relation-in-the-stability-of-hyper-1swd1zrvsg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-yeoh-parameters-eq-16-gdgrlgkw.png Table A.3: Yeoh parameters, Eq. (16). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-ogden-n-1-parameters-eq-18-3ohqb0cd.png Table A.4: Ogden N=1 parameters, Eq. (18). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-ogden-n-2-parameters-eq-19-14hxk6qj.png Table A.5: Ogden N=2 parameters, Eq. (19). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-ogden-n-3-parameters-eq-20-3pqq9ylm.png Table A.6: Ogden N=3 parameters, Eq. (20). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-diagrams-l-versus-l-for-p-2-a-neo-hookean-11j8dfmi.png Figure 7: Phase diagrams, λ̇ versus λ, for p̄ = 2. (a) Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden N=1 models. (b) Yeoh, Ogden N=2 and Ogden N=3 models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dimensionless-pressure-p-versus-the-circumferential-30bj2lw8.png Figure 2: Dimensionless pressure p̄ versus the circumferential stretch λ. (a) λ̈ = 1, Neo-Hookean, MooneyRivlin and Ogden N=1 models. (b) λ̈ = 1, Yeoh, Ogden N=2 and Ogden N=3 models. (c) λ̈ = 15, Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden N=1 models. (d) λ̈ = 15, Yeoh, Ogden N=2 and Ogden N=3 models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-diagrams-l-versus-l-for-three-selected-values-ec45hym9.png Figure 4: Phase diagrams, λ̇ versus λ, for three selected values of the inflation pressure, namely p̄ = 2, p̄ = 4 and p̄ = 6. (a) Ogden N=2 model. (b) Neo-Hookean model. (c) Yeoh model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-period-of-motion-t-as-a-function-of-the-inflating-18obk368.png Figure 8: Period of motion T as a function of the inflating pressure p̄. (a) Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden N=1 models. (b) Yeoh, Ogden N=2 and Ogden N=3 models. Since p̄cd |Neo−Hookean≈ p̄cd |OgdenN=1 only a vertical line for both models is drawn in Fig. 8(a) for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-charge-matching-in-nanoporous-materials-1bypym3k99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-depicting-different-mechanisms-for-the-1m5ktqbz.png Figure 4 – Diagram depicting different mechanisms for the synthesis of mesostructured silica materials: a) PMS synthesis at high pH [29]; b) HMS synthesis (this paper); c) hypothetical neutral templating route to HMS [14]. The composition and approximate speciation of the initial solution is given at the start for each mechanism. Colour code is: surfactant heads, blue; surfactant tails, teal; anionic silicates, orange; neutral silicates, green. In the schematic drawings (see legend), cationic ammonium surfactants are represented by crossed circles, cationic amine surfactants by open circles, and neutral amines by black circles. The hexagonal mesophases are represented by snapshots obtained from our simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-titrimetric-determination-in-triplicate-of-dda-3pdw1g6h.png Figure 1 – (a) Titrimetric determination, in triplicate, of DDA pKa in 50%v EtOH/H2O mixture (initially 0.27 DDA: 9.09 EtOH: 29.6 H2O by moles), overlaid with measured pH values from the reaction solvent (0.27 DDA: 9.09 EtOH: 29.6 H2O by moles), acidified reaction solvent as described by Tanev and Pinnavaia [14] (0.27 DDA: 0.054 HCl: 9.09 EtOH: 29.6 H2O by moles), and reaction mixture (1.0 TEOS: 0.27 DDA: 9.09 EtOH: 29.6 H2O by moles). (b) (i) Comparison of 1H NMR spectra for the reaction solvent, (ii) acidified reaction solvent, and (iii) reaction mixture solutions shown in figure (a). Overlay lines indicate the peak shift due to partial acidification of DDA relative to an external standard, which is similar for both the acidified reaction solvent and reaction mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-snapshots-obtained-for-aqueous-dda-1y7s9usp.png Figure 2 – Simulation snapshots obtained for aqueous DDA solutions at 0.22 M: (a) charged surfactants without silica (pH < 8); (b) neutral surfactants without silica (pH > 12); (c) charged (89%) and neutral (11%) surfactants with 23% anionic silica monomers and 77% neutral silica monomers (pH ~9.2); (d) neutral surfactants with 100% neutral silica monomers (hypothetical conditions). Water has been removed for clarity. Some of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-snapshots-obtained-for-surfactant-silica-1af69usz.png Figure 3 – Simulation snapshots obtained for surfactant/silica solutions with neutral and singly-charged silica dimers, at increasing silica:surfactant ratios: a) 1:1; b) 2:1; c) 4:1; d) cross-section of the aggregate obtained at a 4:1 ratio. Water and chloride ions have been removed for clarity. Some of the snapshots include part of their periodic images to aid visualisation. Colour code is: DDA+ heads, blue; DDA+ tails, teal; chloride, pink; anionic dimers, orange; neutral dimers, green. The red box represents the boundary of the simulation cell, which in all cases is close to 20 nm side (Table S8). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-fire-within-neolithic-collective-burials-spatial-2ayoobxul7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gis-views-a-the-different-layers-observed-during-lwarvfbo.png Figure 2 GIS views. A) The different layers observed during the excavations; B) GIS data management: all levels of records were combined in a single one, cremains were turned into centroids and seven vertical profiles were set (with associated buffers) to perform spatial statistical analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gis-spatial-analyses-second-model-of-combustion-1py26l67.png Figure 8 GIS spatial analyses. Second model of combustion: interpolation of cremains colours grouped in increasing layers of intensity; the natural neighbors method with a 0.05 m grid; the purple cylinder represents the secondarily disturbed area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gis-distribution-analyses-3d-scatterplot-of-1xwt3zrv.png Figure 7 GIS distribution analyses. 3D scatterplot of cremains colors; the gray rectangle represents thewooden structure of the grave; the purple cylinder represents the secondarily disturbed area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-inference-approach-from-bone-alterations-to-the-g9b22wvl.png Figure 3 The inference approach: from bone alterations to the original circumstances of the fire and the original state of the archaeological structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gis-distribution-and-spatial-analyses-distribution-126iqbbx.png Figure 6 GIS distribution and spatial analyses. Distribution and Kernel density analyses of white, blue-gray and warped bones within the burial; cremains are plotted on synthetic vertical profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-weight-and-surface-of-an-average-bone-through-the-2gpf41i8.png Figure 10 Weight and surface of an average bone through the different layers of the burial sequence: at the discovery of the skeletal assemblage (layer 1); in the compact mass of commingled and fragmented cremains (layer 2); among the first anatomical connections (layer 3); among the anatomically-connected skeletons of the deeper part of the grave (layer 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-hands-and-foot-bones-within-the-3rfin8fe.png Figure 9 Distribution of hands and foot bones within the burial sequence. The significant layers of accumulation are in the bottom of the grave (69.19–69.20 NGF), above the first levels of top-to-tail inhumations (69.22–69.25 NGF); at the interface between the deeper burial layer and the compacted mass of fragmented bones (69.27–29.30 NGF). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-horizontal-profiles-defined-throughout-the-burial-bz0cuso6.png Table 2 Horizontal profiles defined throughout the burial sequence based on threshold elevation values corresponding to stratigraphic breaks observed during the excavations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-forcing-and-internal-dynamics-in-explaining-the-2pf35okya0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-annual-mean-surface-temperature-2vy9tggg.png Fig. 2 Distribution of annual mean surface temperature anomaly averaged over the area 30 N–60 N for a the period 1000–1010 and b 1650–1660 in simulations without data assimilation (red) and with data assimilation (green) compared to the reconstruction in blue, including its error estimate (2 standard deviations) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-changes-in-the-heat-balance-at-the-top-of-the-2fyv3yuv.png Fig. 8 Changes in the heat balance at the top of the atmosphere between the MCA and the LIA. a Zonal mean of the difference in annual mean net incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (W m-2) between the MCA (950–1250) and the LIA (1400–1700) in the standard model simulation with data assimilation (red), of the outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (green) and of the imbalance between incoming and outgoing radiations (blue). b Relative change in the zonal mean of the annual mean net incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere between the MCA and the LIA. c Difference in annual mean net solar radiation at the surface (W m-2) between the MCA and the LIA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-annual-mean-difference-in-geopotential-height-at-800-3azfhon8.png Fig. 12 Annual mean difference in geopotential height at 800 hPa (in m) between MCA (950–1250) and LIA (1400–1700) in additional model simulations with data assimilation. Compared to the standard experiment in a, no additional random forcing is applied (experiment Norandom) and in b the standard deviation of the uncertainty of the forcing is assumed to be 0.8 W m-2 (experiment Random0.8) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-additional-random-forcing-selected-by-the-particle-2266mn2q.png Fig. 13 Additional random forcing selected by the particle filter in the standard experiment with data assimilation (STD, in green) and in a sensitivity experiment in which the standard deviation of the uncertainty of the forcing is assumed to be 0.8 W m-2 (experiment Random0.8, in blue) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-temperature-changes-in-sensitivity-experiments-a-1f52lfbe.png Fig. 11 Temperature changes in sensitivity experiments. a Anomaly of annual mean temperature ( C) averaged over the region 30 N–60 N in the standard simulation with data assimilation (green) and in two sensitivity experiments in which no additional random forcing is applied (experiment Norandom, dark blue) and in which the standard deviation of the uncertainty of the forcing is assumed to be 0.8 W m-2 (experiment Random0.8, light blue). The reconstruction of Mann et al. (2009) is in red. The reference period is 1850–1980. As in Fig. 1, the time series have been filtered using an 11-year Butterworth filter. The grey lines represent the range of the standard simulation with data assimilation (best estimate plus and minus two standard deviations). b Annual mean surface temperature difference between MCA (950–1250) and LIA (1400–1700) in Norandom. c The same as b but in Random0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-the-radiative-forcing-applied-at-the-3uc6ygfg.png Fig. 4 Changes in the radiative forcing applied at the tropopause in the simulation without data assimilation induced by natural and anthropogenic forcings (red), in the standard simulation with data assimilation (blue) and the difference between them (green). The green curve represents thus the additional random forcing selected by the particle filter in order to have the best agreement between the model results and the proxy-based temperature reconstruction. The time series have been filtered using an 11-year Butterworth filter https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-standard-experiment-and-of-the-2o71ayuy.png Table 1 Description of the standard experiment and of the sensitivity experiments performed to illustrate the causes of temperature changes during the MCA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-annual-mean-difference-in-geopotential-height-at-800-16taz2km.png Fig. 17 Annual mean difference in geopotential height at 800 hPa (in m) between MCA (950–1250) and LIA (1400–1700) in the experiment Uncertain0.7 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-language-in-ethnic-identity-measurement-a-3g5lbz37ud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-we-present-the-correlated-uniqueness-model-2qs00tbz.png Figure 3 we present the Correlated Uniqueness model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-provides-the-means-and-standard-deviations-of-all-2tu8e7w1.png Table 1 provides the means and standard deviations of all measures. The advantage of a second method is that it enables us to use multitrait-multimethod approaches to evaluate the validity of the scale (Bagozzi, 1993; Campbell & Fiske, 1959). For the data analysis we follow the process proposed by Kim and Lee (1997): 1. We use a measure purification process to obtain a set of reliable items common to the two methods (Likert-type https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-language-social-cognition-and-social-skill-in-1jbcnrsshd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-analysis-for-concurrent-variables-gew12ika.png Table 6 Regression Analysis for Concurrent Variables Predicting Functional Social Outcome in Adolescents at 16 Years https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-sds-for-eyes-task-and-strange-stories-upc62yg2.png Table 2 Means and (SDs) For Eyes Task and Strange Stories Tasks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sdq-scores-for-adolescents-with-sli-and-td-35e7k11c.png Table 3 SDQ Scores for Adolescents with SLI and TD adolescents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-with-functional-social-outcomes-in-65hvpixk.png Table 5 Correlations with Functional Social Outcomes in Adolescents with SLI and TD adolescents https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-early-and-concurrent-predictors-of-adolescents-with-1uznutz8.png Table 9 Early and Concurrent Predictors of Adolescents With SLI Who Have the Poorest Functional Social Outcome https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-early-predictors-and-concurrent-social-cognition-for-3l65qme1.png Table 8 Early Predictors and Concurrent Social Cognition for Adolescents With SLI https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-correlations-between-concurrent-language-cognition-1njmfpvi.png Table 4a Correlations Between Concurrent Language, Cognition, Social Cognition and Social Skill for the SLI Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-for-early-language-cognition-and-social-1aazl9r4.png Table 7 Correlations for Early Language, Cognition and Social Skill for Adolescents with SLI https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-logic-and-ontology-in-language-and-reasoning-446mq7g80x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-peirces-triple-trichotomy-2cdyjngh.png Figure 2. Peirce’s triple trichotomy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-world-a-model-and-a-theory-n73mbk4u.png Figure 7: The world, a model, and a theory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-four-operators-for-navigating-the-lattice-of-1e23uial.png Figure 8: Four operators for navigating the lattice of theories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-word-fan-for-bank-2ibey4ao.png Figure 4: A word fan for bank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-meaning-triangles-for-the-concept-of-representation-2wnbwuvk.png Figure 3. Meaning triangles for the concept of representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scholastic-meaning-triangles-2jm76d6i.png Figure 1. Scholastic meaning triangles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-words-concept-types-canonical-graphs-lattice-of-5bz9gltv.png Figure 5: words → concept types → canonical graphs → lattice of theories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-canonical-graphs-for-the-types-give-easy-and-eager-22uv2zkx.png Figure 6: Canonical graphs for the types Give, Easy, and Eager https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-losses-in-the-definition-of-the-overmoded-2r1pbbygvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimated-average-number-of-overlapped-modes-mm-for-3he9ziw0.png Fig. 8. Estimated average number of overlapped modes MM , for the unloaded and loaded configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimentally-estimated-relative-error-s2-as-a-1lzozvhk.png Fig. 7. Experimentally estimated relative error ϵς2 as a function of frequency: (a) for the empty cavity and (b) for the one loaded with the small absorber. The results from (33) have been computed from the smooth curves majoring the composite Q derived from the experimental data and shown in Fig. 6. Shaded areas stand for the 95 % statistical uncertainty of the estimated ϵς2 , computed for a 95 % confidence margin as shown in Appendix B. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-prototyping-in-ergonomic-practice-and-research-2vt5lxeacg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-prototyping-process-with-both-practice-and-research-2u5tbhe5.png Fig. 2. A prototyping process with both practice and research outcomes [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-prototyping-process-within-a-divergence-and-32hc2p57.png Fig. 1. The prototyping process within a divergence and convergence model for design research [33]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-psychological-factors-in-oncology-nurses-burnout-b609glb5v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-participants-classified-into-the-3cni6l97.png Table 2. Proportion of Participants Classified into the Bottom Quartile, Mean and Top Quartile of the ProQOL Components (N = 221) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1n6ljoid.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hierarchical-regression-analysis-summary-for-2qmzsbao.png Table 4. Hierarchical Regression Analysis Summary for Psychological Dispositions Variables Predicting Professional Quality of Life (N = 221) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearsons-product-moment-correlation-coefficients-jfmrgtd2.png Table 3. Pearson’s Product-moment Correlation Coefficients Between professional Quality of Life and the Psychological Variables (N = 221) https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-tunqin-guanxi-in-building-rural-resilience-in-5e4a8d8ort 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rural-per-capita-income-qinggang-heilongjiang-and-185lwf8g.png Figure 1 Rural per capita income Qinggang, Heilongjiang and China Source: Heilongjiang Statistics Yearbook 2009; National Statistics Yearbook 2009 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-v3-neurons-in-speed-dependent-interlimb-46ryz5mdii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-interlimb-coordination-in-the-intact-model-and-2yefjyqa.png Figure 12. Interlimb coordination in the intact model and after removal of all V3 neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-examples-of-the-step-diagrams-for-the-intact-model-3k3kg2zg.png Figure 11. Examples of the step diagrams for the intact model (A) after all V3 neurons were deleted (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-brainstem-drive-parameters-2qsoisx5.png Table 1 Brainstem drive parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interlimb-coordination-in-wt-and-v3off-mice-at-1sc7qed3.png Figure 3. Interlimb coordination in WT and V3OFF mice at different speeds. A1-D1. Circular plots of hindlimb (A1) and forelimb (B1) left–right phase differences, homolateral phase differences (C1) and diagonal phase differences (D1) in wild type (WT; blue) and V3OFF (red) mice. Except for the forelimb left–right phase differences, the left hindlimbs are used as the reference limb. Each vector, blue line (WT) and red line (V3OFF), in the circular plot, indicates the mean value (direction) and robustness (radial line/length) of the phase differences. The circle is evenly separated into 8 fractions. The circular histograms represent the distribution of phase differences of all steps at all tested speeds (WT n = 1292; V3OFF n = 1478). A2-D2. Plots of mean values of coupling phases at individual speeds of V3OFF (red) and WT (blue) mice. *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001 for comparisons of mean phase differences; †, P < 0.01; ††, P < 0.001; †††, P < 0.0001 for comparisons of the variability (concentration parameter ) of the phase differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gait-transition-diagrams-of-wt-a-and-v3off-b-at-1rkew4cw.png Figure 5. Gait transition diagrams of WT (A) and V3OFF (B) at different speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-connection-weights-2jpidrqu.png Table 2 Connection weights https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-step-patterns-of-wt-and-v3off-mice-at-different-2k2fx9sa.png Figure 4. Step patterns of WT and V3OFF mice at different speeds. A. Illustration of limb-couplings (left). The footprint diagrams of individual limb are represented by color-coded bar graphs (right): the stance phase of each step is shown with solid bar and swing phase is the interval between two bars. The step cycle is measured from the duration between the onset of contacts of two consecutive steps of the same foot. Phase differences between the limbs was calculated as the interval between the start of stance of a specific limb and the reference limb divided by the period or step-cycle duration of the reference limb. B1-B2. Representative stance phases of 2 s episodes of WT (B1) and V3OFF (B2) mice at low (15 cm/s and 25 cm/s) and medium (35cm/s and 40cm/s) treadmill speeds. x1–9, exemplary steps; y1–3, exemplary episodes referred to from the text. The shading colour indicates the gait (red, lateral-sequence walk; yellow, trot; grey, undefined). The black bars show the stance phase of the reference foot (left hindlimb). Lateral walk: lateral-sequence walk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-figure-supplement-1-gait-preference-of-wt-and-v3off-207a533q.png Figure 5. Gait transition diagrams of WT (A) and V3OFF (B) at different speeds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-virgin-olive-oil-components-in-the-modulation-of-w2gm6yv4f0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minor-component-composition-of-virgin-olive-oil-3hfbodxu.png Table 1. Minor Component Composition of Virgin Olive Oil. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-ux-professionals-in-agile-development-a-case-2ickd2oj3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-development-phases-at-the-case-company-in-z0sxaxvm.png Figure 2: The development phases at the case company in relation to the activities for which the UX consultants are responsible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-up-development-process-with-the-xlj4gftq.png Figure 1: Overview of the UP development process with the added discipline of Usability design [17] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-responsibilities-and-tasks-of-the-ux-professional-1aj6afc1.png Table 1: Responsibilities and tasks of the UX professional identified in the literature https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-work-orientation-and-gender-on-feelings-toward-53ycmiydi6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-model-ss0ux3zw.png Figure 1. Theoretical model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partial-regression-plot-of-interaction-gender-work-3cw4n9a3.png Figure 2. Partial regression plot of interaction Gender*Work orientation on pay satisfaction (Low/high work orientation = mean ± 2SD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-estimated-unstandardized-b-coefficients-2imiszib.png Table 3. Summary of estimated unstandardized β coefficients (standard errors in parentheses) Variables Step 11: Step 2: Pay Satisfaction (DV) Main effects Main effects + Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-partial-regression-plot-of-interaction-work-1tidbgw9.png Figure 3. Partial regression plot of interaction Work orientation*Job evaluation fairness on pay satisfaction (Low/high work orientation/fairness = mean ± 2SD) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weighted-summary-statistics-by-gender-23r0hqjm.png Table 2. Weighted summary statistics: by gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inter-item-reliability-measures-and-correlations-na8txczd.png Table 1. Inter-item reliability measures and correlations https://scispace.com/papers/the-roles-of-acceptance-and-catastrophizing-in-1ayoasoxoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-380-means-standard-deviation-ranges-paired-t-test-v6uy3qrc.png Table 1 380  Means, standard deviation, ranges, paired t-test results and effect sizes for predictor and criterion variables at Time 1 and Time 2 of ACLR 381 https://scispace.com/papers/the-ronnie-gardiner-rhythm-and-music-method-a-feasibility-o5jgom9jzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-from-baseline-to-follow-up-at-week-6-on-the-3ko0pkh8.png TABLE 2. Changes from baseline to follow-up at week 6 on the outcome measures presented as median and inter-quartile (q1; q3) and pvalues for differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-recruitment-of-study-patients-3pqs4l6h.png Figure 3. Recruitment of study patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-intervention-group-and-2qdw4qvp.png TABLE 1. Baseline characteristics of intervention group and control group, median and inter-quartile range (q1; q3) and p-values for difference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-the-symbols-notes-of-the-rgrm-method-gnl8v3ot.png Figure 1. An example of the symbols (‘‘notes’’) of the RGRM Method. A blue hand and a blue foot (pointing in the right direction) are accompanied by the tapping on the right thigh and stomping the right foot on the floor and at the same time pronounce the word ‘‘TOOM’’. The figure shows 2 out of 18 symblos. Reprinted with kind permission from Ronnie Gardiner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plm-methods-different-parts-posture-rising-from-a-12hzburl.png Figure 2. PLM methods’ different parts; posture (rising from a squatting https://scispace.com/papers/the-s-monotone-index-selection-rules-for-pivot-algorithms-of-1riv04i88x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-almost-terminal-pivot-tableaux-for-the-mbu-simplex-23dn5vyn.png Figure 1: Almost terminal pivot tableaux for the MBU simplex algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sarptical-dataset-for-joint-analysis-of-sar-and-optical-4xpifpig95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-sar-image-patches-with-multiple-3htutv4s.png Figure 4. Example of SAR image patches with multiple corresponding optical image patches from different view angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-of-schematic-figure-of-the-generation-of-the-2icz563v.png Figure 3. A of schematic figure of the generation of the SARptical dataset. The background point cloud is the fusion of the TomoSAR point cloud and the optical point cloud. The color of the point cloud represents the height. The black rectangles mark the areas of the two examples shown in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-workflow-of-the-sarptical-framework-the-coordinate-2but3bk7.png Figure 2. Workflow of the SARptical framework. The coordinate system of each dataset in the flowchart is indicated by the italic text in the bracket. The dashed lines refer to that the SAR and optical images can be projected to each other through the matched 3-D point cloud. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-sar-and-optical-patch-pairs-from-the-28m2461u.png Figure 1. Sample SAR and optical patch pairs from the SARptical dataset. Left: SAR image patches, and right: the corresponding optical image patches. A corresponding SAR and optical patch pair refers to the 3-D positions of the center pixels of the two patches match within a margin of the accuracy of the 3-D reconstruction (typically a few meters). https://scispace.com/papers/the-science-of-sustainable-supply-chains-1z7p6x4skv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-supply-chain-transparency-initiatives-2ysa78nr.png Table 1. Supply chain transparency initiatives. https://scispace.com/papers/the-search-for-other-planets-and-life-hrduzwbpoc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transit-signatures-c3sbz3jk.png Table 2. Transit signatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radial-velocity-signatures-3ct9ig37.png Table 1. Radial velocity signatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-astrometric-signatures-at-10-pc-dcn96b4w.png Table 3. Astrometric signatures at 10 pc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-sensitivity-of-nircam-on-jwst-at-4-5-lm-is-shown-7dl0exil.png Fig. 7. The sensitivity of NIRCAM on JWST at 4.5 /-Lm is shown with successive degrees of coronagraphic suppression and is compared with a telescope limited by terrestrial backgrounds. On the right hand side of the figure, the contrast level of planets of various masses and ages is shown relative to an MO star at 4 pc (Krist et al. 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-space-mission-gest-to-monitor-the-galactic-bulge-248c8ara.png Fig. 5. A space mission (GEST)to monitor the Galactic Bulge region would find many thousands of planetary microlensing events, including many low mass planets (Bennett & Rhie 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-planets-detected-via-various-means-are-shown-as-5tzps3bs.png Fig. 1. Planets detected via various means are shown as circles: dark (blue) circles with light borders « 0.1 AU) from transits; open circles from radial velocities; dark (red) with dark borders (rv 1-5 AU) from microlensing; light (cyan) with dark borders from timing; and two dark (red) circles with light borders in the upper right from imaging. Sensitivity curves are given for radial velocity, astrometry and transits are labeled. Data from exoplanet encyclopedia (Schneider 2008). Figure courtesy of Peter Lawson (JPL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-discovery-space-for-rocky-earth-like-rv-1-10-m-2ryr077v.png Fig. 6. a) The discovery space for rocky Earth-like (rv 1-10 M$) planets in the habitable zone (rv O.7-1.5AU for a G star); b) a comparable plot for the "Broad Survey" obtained with 4 {Las accuracy. In both cases, the small dots represent a theoretical planet distribution (Ida & Lin 2005; see Sect. 3) for planets of 0.1-3000 M$. Exoplanets discovered before early 2007 and with semi-major axes> 0.03 AU are shown as filled circles. Labeled curves represent the estimated sensitivity limits of indirect detection methods: for radial velocity method (RV at 1 m S-l), and astrometry with SIM and Gaia. The SIM sensitivity in this space is a broad band, defined by the three lowest curves (labeled with specific Hipparcos star numbers). The lowest curve shows the "best" star (as computed from star mass and distance); the middle curve represents the median star; and the upper curve shows the least favorable star in the sample. Also shown is the effective sensitivity of Gaia for stars at 50 pc, a typical distance for Gaia targets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-combination-of-transit-and-rv-data-yields-the-3sii3wbf.png Fig. 3. The combination of transit and RV data yields the density of planets. The solid line indicates expected values for a 4.5 Gyr planet with no heavy element core while the dashed line describes a model for an object with a 20 Mtf) core (Bodenheimer et al. 2003). The wide range of values from the very dense planets (HD 19026) to the very puffy (TrES-4) is indicative of a variety of formation scenarios, e.g. different sized solid cores, and/or differing environmental conditions, e.g. effects of insolation or eccentricity damping (Charbonneau 2007; Fig. from Charbonneau 2008). https://scispace.com/papers/the-sematech-berkeley-met-pushing-euv-development-beyond-1wtgkzar3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-computed-aerial-image-contrast-for-the-bmet-using-its-j5xeiruq.png Fig. 1. Computed aerial image contrast for the BMET using its conventional annular 0.35-0.55 illumination as well as dipole illumination optimized for IS-nm half pitch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-correlated-ler-measurement-on-new-mask-with-j-0-5-and-1dximum2.png Fig. 10. Correlated LER measurement on new mask with (J = 0.5 and I OO-nm defocus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-direct-comparison-of-the-correlated-ler-measurement-at-tmthoq5d.png Fig. 9. Direct comparison of the correlated LER measurement at the exact same area on the mask increase is 0.6 nm and the uncorrelated LER increase is I nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zoomed-out-image-of-a-series-of-equal-line-space-3e1916z9.png Fig. 2. Zoomed out image of a series of equal line-space patterns ranging from 100 nm down to 12 nm. The forbidden pitches are clearly seen as well as the small CD cutoff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-captured-diffracted-order-intensity-as-a-2jobhbwz.png Fig. 3. Plot of captured diffracted order intensity as a function of CD for the dipole illumination. This data is directly comparable to the result~ \'isualized in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-modeled-performance-of-o-5-na-system-in-imaging-equal-3qng6vca.png Fig. 12. Modeled performance of O.5-NA system in imaging equal lines and spaces under three different illumination conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-modeled-process-window-performance-of-o-5-na-system-2i9v79p4.png Fig. 13. Modeled process window performance of O.5-NA system in imaging 12 nm equal lines and spaces using conventional annular https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pseudo-psm-mode-printing-in-bbr-08b-demonstrating-that-2tsmsbva.png Fig. 6. Pseudo-PSM mode printing in BBR-08b demonstrating that we are not mask limited in terms of resolution. https://scispace.com/papers/the-silicon-isotopic-composition-of-fine-grained-river-2oddi12eiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-world-map-and-location-of-studied-river-borne-3qd419bt.png Figure 1. World map and location of studied river-borne sediments. The green-colored drainage basins correspond to the major river systems with areas > 100,000 km 2 investigated during this study (n = 17; excluding tributaries). The boxes refer to the case study areas of Northern Ireland (A) and the Congo River Basin (B) reported in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-si-isotopic-compositions-0-of-reference-materials-1ue0ph98.png Table 2 Si isotopic compositions (‰) of reference materials and Loire River sediments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-climate-and-si-isotopic-ratios-367jqsor.png Figure 6. Relationship between climate and Si isotopic ratios in clay-size fractions of world river sediments. Studied samples are classified into five different climatic zones, defined according to the following arbitrary criteria: 1) ‘Sub-Arctic’: cold and dry regions, with MAT < 8°C and MAP < 800 mm; 2) ‘Dry’: Temperate and warm dry environments, with MAT > 10°C and MAP < 800 mm; 3) ‘Temp. Hum.’: Temperate and humid regions, with https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-si-isotopic-compositions-0-of-silt-size-river-23hq01ox.png Table 3 Si isotopic compositions (‰) of silt-size river sediments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-d-30-si-clay-values-for-climatic-zones-282rwv2d.png Table 4 Average d 30 Si clay values for climatic zones https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-si-isotopic-compositions-0-nbs28-of-clay-size-river-1n9dzoz1.png Table 1 Si isotopic compositions (‰ NBS28) of clay-size river sediments and corresponding clay mineralogy and climatic parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lithological-and-soil-data-relative-surface-coverage-2zxsig6h.png Table 5 Lithological and soil data (relative surface coverage %) for the studied Congo Basin watersheds https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-398ratee.png Table 1 Si isotopic compositions (‰ NBS28) of clay-size river sediments and corresponding clay mineralogy and climatic parameters https://scispace.com/papers/the-simple-micro-economics-of-public-private-partnerships-29y4cyjabk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-of-the-game-of-organizational-choice-and-1595dqaf.png Figure 1: Timing of the game of organizational choice and contracting. https://scispace.com/papers/the-sm-prediction-of-g-2-of-the-muon-2hbrr6gh74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-e-e-p-p-data-up-to-1-2-gev-where-the-shaded-band-28k9a84h.png Figure 1: e+e− → π+π− data up to 1.2 GeV, where the shaded band shows the result of clustering. The second plot is an enlargement of the ρ-ω interference region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-results-of-evaluating-sum-rule-15-and-the-2ehfka5m.png Table 2: The results of evaluating sum rule (15) and the corresponding one with f(s) = (1 − s/s0)2, where √ s0 = 3.7 GeV. The main QCD error comes from αS(M 2 Z) = 0.117± 0.002 [30]. The ‘incl’ and ‘excl’ alternatives refer to using the inclusive or exclusive e+e− data in the region 1.43 < √ s < 2 GeV, see Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-breakdown-of-the-contributions-to-different-3jkcnep3.png Table 1: A breakdown of the contributions to different intervals of the integration (9) for ahad,LOµ . The alternative numbers for the interval 1.43 < √ s < 2 GeV correspond to using data for either the sum of the exclusive channels or the inclusive measurements, see Fig. 2. The total also includes a small 0.13 × 10−10 contribution from the π0γ channel near its threshold (also included in the second line above). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-inclusive-and-the-sum-of-exclusive-channel-1lmkg30o.png Figure 2: The inclusive and the sum of exclusive channel values of R, after the data have been clustered. https://scispace.com/papers/the-small-loop-problem-a-challenge-for-artificial-emergent-3g7d0dxh2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-small-loop-platform-in-netlogo-3soxpy2d.png Figure 1. The Small Loop Platform in NetLogo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-activity-trace-of-an-agent-that-learns-91b7wlrw.png Figure 3. Example activity trace of an agent that learns spatial and sequential regularities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-activity-trace-of-an-agent-that-learns-ifxw0ar5.png Figure 2. Example activity trace of an agent that learns sequential regularities. https://scispace.com/papers/the-so-called-dry-laser-cleaning-governed-by-humidity-at-the-4qidvicpvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-increase-of-the-particle-removal-1b05fo9d.png FIG. 3. Color online a Increase of the particle removal fluence threshold Fth over time when water vapor progressively desorbs from surfaces. b The sample holder in the vacuum chamber is backside equipped with a halogen lamp to perform successive baking steps under c a decreasing atmosphere pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-scattering-images-of-the-ejected-9hbvmikk.png FIG. 1. Color online Scattering images of the ejected particles for different laser fluences Flas: a Flas=275 mJ cm−2, b Flas=415 mJ cm−2, and c Flas=550 mJ cm −2. The particle cloud propagation is analyzed by capturing images for different delays t between the cleaning laser pulse and the observation gate 1 s . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-particle-removal-efficiency-pre-b-3k5g5n61.png FIG. 2. Color online a Particle Removal Efficiency PRE , b maximum scattering intensity Imax, and c particle velocity corresponding to each ejected cloud as a function of the laser fluence Flas. The scattered intensity for the slow fast component was measured for a time delay t set to 10 s 20 s . The embedded SEM image shows the ablated craters observed for Flas 430 mJ cm−2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-so-called-tobacco-wireworm-in-virginia-15zipxrhlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-4qjfyk60.png Table V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tobacco-crambus-head-of-larva-greatly-enlarged-2oo18fyc.png Fig. 4.—The tobacco Crambus: Head of larva. Greatly enlarged. (Original.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2bdyswgv.png Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-rate-of-oviposition-of-the-tobacco-crambus-3c0clj57.png Table III. Rate of oviposition of the tobacco Crambus, Appomattox, Va., 1910. https://scispace.com/papers/the-social-benefits-of-kaizen-initiatives-in-healthcare-an-3edqd16cnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-most-influential-determinants-of-kaizen-capabilities-34idfqco.png Table 4: Most influential determinants of kaizen capabilities and attitude https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-and-pearson-correlations-2h30ctjs.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics and pearson correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-hospitals-1bi4ti48.png Table 2: Characteristics of the hospitals https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-simultaneous-regression-of-input-factors-on-process-1nbbe6ma.png Table 7: Simultaneous regression of input factors on process factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mediation-analysis-results-rg2tboyf.png Table 6: Mediation analysis results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-previous-studies-on-the-healthcare-literature-1zcfx7hm.png Table 1 – Previous studies on the healthcare literature relevant for the hypotheses development https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-between-inputs-and-process-factors-14g984ue.png Table 5: Regression between inputs and process factors https://scispace.com/papers/the-southern-ocean-iron-release-experiment-soiree-4ze4ddtgoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-addition-of-the-tracer-sulphur-hexa-32by8b46.png Table 2 Summary of the addition of the tracer sulphur hexa#uoride (SF ) and iron to the upper ocean at the SOIREE site. The iron was added as acidi"ed FeSO .7H O concurrently with SF to a patch of &50 km on Day 0 (9 February 1999). Subsequent re-infusions at the patch centre took place on days 3, 5 and 7, over areas of 32, 33.8 and 38.5 km , respectively. No further additions of SF were required. Just prior to SOIREE, the solutions were mixed using a dosing unit to control the pumping rate of iron and SF into surface waters (at &15m depth using a depressor) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-initial-conditions-at-the-soiree-site-1z76nl2m.png Table 1 Summary of the initial conditions at the SOIREE site (613S 1403E). Error estimates represent 1 standard error of the mean https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-putative-soiree-chemostat-the-c2kuos11.png Fig. 2. A schematic of the putative SOIREE &chemostat'*the exchange between the iron-fertilised waters of the SOIREE patch and the surrounding HNLC waters during the experiment. Solid black arrows denote di!usion of water to and from the water masses at the periphery of the patch, while the large open arrows represent the e!ect of strain in the horizontal currents stretching the patch. The area of the fertilised patch increased from 50 to &250 km by day 13, and was '1000km by day 40 (see Abraham et al. (2000) for more details). Figure courtesy of Edward Abraham. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-vessel-track-during-the-soiree-voyage-showing-the-n6pl0keu.png Fig. 1. The vessel track during the SOIREE voyage showing the location of, (a) a north-south CTD survey (along part of a repeat Hobart to Dumont-Durville hydrographic transect conducted regularly by the vessel Astrolab) to con"rm the geographical location of the major frontal features: these had been ascertained during XBT surveys 30 and 14 days prior to the SOIREE voyage by the vessel Astrolab; (b) the pre-release survey upstream (west) of the likely SOIREE site; and (c) the site for the experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-southwestern-indian-ocean-as-a-potential-marine-1zz0c3amf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colour-morphs-distribution-and-phylogenetic-3ry76ol1.png Figure 3. Colour morphs, distribution, and phylogenetic considerations for assessment of ESUs in the four nominal species of brittle-stars with multiple lineages in the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dating-of-demographic-events-in-the-swio-brittle-2nq1svyt.png Table 1. Dating of demographic events in the SWIO brittle-stars applying a divergence rate of 2.9–4.5% Ma -1 . A) Dates of divergence (stem Tmrca) and K2P distances of lineages within species; B) Age (crown Tmrca) of each supported lineage and K2P distances; C) Time since demographic expansion (Texp derived from τ) in species/ESUs displaying departure from mutationdrift equilibrium. Ni and Nii: sample size of the two haplogroups analysed; HPD95: highest posterior density interval at 95% (lower bound from 4.5% and higher bound from 2.9%); τ: approximate intra-population coalescent time; CI: confidence interval obtained from the lower bound from 4.5% and higher bound from 2.9%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-frequency-distribution-of-the-3bnq7exn.png Figure 5. Comparison of the frequency-distribution of the pairwise Φst values between populations in lecithotrophic and planktotrophic species, excluding small sample sizes (n<5); the two distributions are significantly different (Mann-Whitney U-test, P<0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-locations-and-sample-sizes-in-the-swio-li47ohy0.png Figure 1. Sampling locations and sample sizes in the SWIO. Oceanic circulation shown schematically after Schott & McCreary (2001); the -120 m isobaths, representing late Pleistocene glacial low stand, is marked by the white line. EUR, Europa Island (n=5); GLO, Glorieuse Island (n=17); JDN, Juan De Nova (n=4); MAY, Mayotte https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-female-effective-population-sizes-net-2zdv9we3.png Figure 4. Evolution of female effective population sizes (NeT) reconstructed from the Bayesian skyline plot method over the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neighbour-joining-phylogenetic-reconstruction-k2p-1j5befzh.png Figure 2. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic reconstruction (K2P distances) for 345 specimens based on COI. MAY, Mayotte Island; MOZ, Mozambique Channel; NBE, Nosy-Be Island; REU, Reunion Island; SWIO, Southwestern Indian Ocean. Larval developmental modes are indicated for each nominal species (L: lecithotrophic https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-spatial-genetic-analyses-obtained-using-oy35zu86.png Table 2. Results of spatial genetic analyses obtained using phylogeny-trait correlation with BaTS (AI, PS, MC) and Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) performed on the nine ESUs present in more than one location. AI: association index statistic; PS: parsimony score statistic; MC: locations with significant genetic signal using the monophyletic clade signal; HPD95: highest posterior density confidence interval at 95%; Significance levels: * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001. The locality codes are presented in Appendix S1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spanning-tree-based-approach-for-solving-the-shortest-4zvat4lwc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-graph-with-adding-edges-queried-from-the-23ko8mzv.png Figure 4: The graph with adding edges queried from the original graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-found-shortest-path-38rxx9vu.png Figure 5: The found shortest path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-two-paths-found-by-the-atlas-algorithm-z3f9y0va.png Figure 3: The two paths found by the Atlas algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-share-of-vertices-through-which-paths-2w9cmhfw.png Figure 6: Cumulative share of vertices through which paths are shortened depending on the degree of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-original-graph-1m0fd4xc.png Figure 2: The original graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-difference-of-depth-of-the-vertices-of-edges-1b0j9mc8.png Table 7: Difference of depth of the vertices of edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-accuracy-of-the-algorithm-local-modifications-of-9m23ms4u.png Figure 14: Accuracy of the algorithm (local modifications of spanning trees). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-modification-when-edge-uv-is-added-2v38lt62.png Figure 7: Modification when edge uv is added https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-arrangement-of-reefs-alters-the-ecological-34m9n2iiuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-anova-testing-the-effects-of-reef-line-2l0xdnsu.png Table 2. Results of ANOVA testing the effects of 'Reef Line' (fixed factor), 'Algal Habitats' (fixed factor orthogonal to 'Reef Line'), 'Locations' (random factor orthogonal to the previous factors), and 'Reefs' (random factor nested within 'Locations' and 'Reef Line') on the abundances of those more abundant taxa. Significant at * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns: not significant https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-distribution-of-high-season-tourism-in-poland-ur6dzu2tdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-distribution-of-tourism-on-july-4th-2010-2wrhwfst.png Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of tourism on July 4th 2010 against the evaluation of space for the needs of holiday recreational tourism A – holiday recreation areas; B – large urban centres attracting tourism ; C – other tourism districts; D – areas predisposed to develop holiday recreation tourism according to Wyrzykowski (1986). Numbers of regions explained in the text. S o u r c e: author https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatial-distribution-of-tourism-on-july-4th-2010-2er7e9r9.png Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of tourism on July 4th 2010 https://scispace.com/papers/the-specialization-of-esteya-vermicola-hyphae-in-infection-y41ed8ltiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-temporal-and-spatial-dynamics-of-esteya-vermicola-1cyh8yxa.png Table 1 Temporal and spatial dynamics of Esteya vermicola colonization of pinewood nematode-infected wilting pine trees. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatio-temporal-spectrum-of-turbulent-flows-37cwrl6t6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-spatio-temporal-spectrum-of-the-potential-energy-eth-33pieru4.png Fig. 6. Spatio-temporal spectrum of the potential energy, Eθ(kx = 0, ky, kz = 10) in the simulation of stratified turbulence. The dispersion relation of internal gravity waves, ωS(k), is indicated by the solid line. Also shown are two Dopplershifted dispersion relations, corresponding to the horizontal r.m.s. velocities Uy = ±0.4, and indicated by the dashed and dash-dotted lines. Energy is not concentrated around the linear dispersion relation, instead it is spread in the fan between these two Doppler-shifted branches. Moreover, the distribution of energy is not uniform as waves with ω < Uyky are absorbed by the mean flow in Critical Layers (indicated by the shaded area labeled “CL”). Note the almost complete lack of energy in this region. Inset: fraction of the energy contained within the two Doppler shifted branches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-spectra-of-potential-energy-in-the-2qzcgj3t.png Fig. 7. Frequency spectra of potential energy in the simulation of stratified turbulence. In this case Ev (dash-dotte red line) has the contribution of vortical modes, Ew (dashed green line) has the contributions of wave modes, and ETOT (solid blue line) has the sum of the spatio-temporal spectrum over all wavenumbers. Note Ev and ETOT coincide at almost all wavenumbers, indicating a dominance of wave modes. A peak at frequency ω = N is indicated by the arrow, although in this case frequencies larger than N can still be associated with wave motions per virtue of the Doppler shift observed in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensionless-parameters-for-the-three-different-1fxwoyn1.png Table 1. Dimensionless parameters for the three different numerical simulations. Re is the Reynolds number, Fr is the Froude number, and Ro is the Rossby number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-to-generate-water-wave-turbulence-143x4qao.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup to generate water wave turbulence. The tank of (200 × 80) cm2 is filled with water tainted with titanium dioxide to make it opaque and allow projection of a pattern on its surface. The two wavemakers driven by independent servomotors (not shown) excite random perturbations of the free surface. A high resolution projector projects a fringe pattern of known characteristics (not shown in the scheme), and a fast speed camera captures the pattern deformation. The profilometry technique then allows for reconstruction of the surface deformation with high temporal cadence and high spatial resolution [16,17,18]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-spatio-temporal-power-spectrum-of-the-surface-2en4uzk2.png Fig. 8. Spatio-temporal power spectrum of the surface deformation in CGS units for three surface wave experiments. From top to bottom, the amplitude of the forcing is respectively 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. The solid line indicates the linear dispersion relation of gravity-capillary waves ωW (k), the dashed line indicates the dispersion relation of 2nd-order bound waves, and the dash-dotted line indicates the dispersion relation of 3rd-order bound waves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-frequency-spectrum-e-o-from-the-water-waves-experiment-bfvi2mje.png Fig. 9. Frequency spectrum E(ω) from the water waves experiment, calculated directly as ∑ k E(k, ω)) (dashed blue line), and by changing variables in the wavenumber spectrum using the dispersion relation ω = ωW (k) (solid green line). As waves provide the only relevant timescale in this system, the main features from one spectrum can be recovered from the other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-spectrum-e-o-for-the-homogeneous-and-2kq64jqb.png Fig. 3. Frequency spectrum E(ω) for the homogeneous and isotropic turbulence simulation, calculated directly as E(ω) =∑ k E(k, ω) (dashed blue line). The solid (green) line is obtained by transforming the spatial spectrum E(k) into a frequency spectrum E(k(ω))dω/dk using the sweeping relation ω = Urmsk. As sweeping is the dominant Eulerian time scale in the system, one spectrum can be recovered from the other with reasonable agreement of both spectra in the inertial range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatio-temporal-spectrum-e-k-o-in-a-numerical-3qfnxeg3.png Fig. 2. Spatio-temporal spectrum E(k, ω) in a numerical simulation of isotropic and homogeneous turbulence. The solid curve corresponds to ω = Urmsk. As a result of sweeping of the small scale eddies by the large scale flow, most of the energy is concentrated in the region ω ≤ Urmsk. https://scispace.com/papers/the-stability-of-bcc-fe-at-high-pressures-and-temperatures-2bxj7ehm95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-stress-difference-sx-sy-2-sz-as-a-function-of-c-a-327czj3u.png Figure 9: Stress difference (σx + σy)/2 –σz as a function of c/a at a zero-strain volume of 7.2 Å3/atom. Open square and open triangles are calculations performed at 5500 K using supercells of 64 and 128 atoms respectively. Filled diamonds are calculations on a 64 atom supercell at 6000K.with a simulation time for each point of ~50- 70 ps. The figure suggests that bcc stability increases with temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/the-star-formation-in-radio-survey-jansky-very-large-array-4koo89ubwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-extranuclear-source-imaging-characteristics-2u085t07.png Table 4 Extranuclear Source Imaging Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-continued-3h5p7dnq.png Table 6 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-338uv8wn.png Table 4 Extranuclear Source Imaging Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-source-photometry-at-7-resolution-1ct8bo6h.png Table 6 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-properties-and-nuclear-source-positions-1aw8q00i.png Table 1 Galaxy Properties and Nuclear Source Positions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-ratio-of-33-ghz-flux-to-ha-line-flux-plotted-3iqhwuqh.png Figure 4. Top: ratio of 33 GHz flux to Hα line flux plotted against galactocentric radius for all 144 sources having 3σ detections at 33 GHz and in Hα after convolving both data sets to 7″ resolution to match the resolution of the 24 μm Spitzer data. The vertical line at rG=250 pc (in both panels) indicates the radius used to conservatively distinguish nuclear and extranuclear regions, as some nuclear regions may be affected by AGNs. Similar to what is plotted in Figure 3 at higher resolution, no obvious trend is seen. However, the median ratio does appear to be larger within a galactocentric radius rG<250 pc for all galaxies than the outer disks by a factor of 1.53±0.55. Bottom: ratio of 33 GHz to 24 μm flux density plotted against galactocentric radius for all 160 sources having 3σ detections at 33 GHz and 24 μm. Similar to the top panel, no obvious trend with galactocentric radius is seen. However, the median ratio does appear to be significantly smaller within a galactocentric radius rG<250 pc for all galaxies, compared to the outer disks, by a factor of 0.45±0.08. In both panels we identify those sources that are clear outliers, NGC 4594 and NGC 4579, which are both known to harbor AGNs; NGC 6946 Enuc.4 B, which is a known AME detection (Murphy et al. 2010; Scaife et al. 2010; Hensley et al. 2015); and NGC 4725 B, which may be a background AGN or another AME detection and warrants further investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-the-relative-difference-between-the-vla-and-3u851cvd.png Figure 2. Left: the relative difference between the VLA and GBT measured 33 GHz flux densities plotted against distance for sources detected at the 5σ significance level in both data sets. The upper abscissa identifies the size of the projected diameter of the 25″ GBT beam. For the VLA, flux densities were measured by multiplying the VLA image by an elliptical Gaussian to simulate the GBT observations (see Section 3.1). NGC 4579, which hosts an AGN, is the data point for which the 33 GHz VLA flux density is more than a factor of 2 larger than the corresponding 33 GHz GBT flux density. Right: histogram of the relative difference between the VLA and GBT 33 GHz flux densities for sources detected at the 5σ significance level in both data sets using bins of 0.15 (dotted line). Individual histograms of those sources for which the projected diameter of the 25″ GBT beam is larger (solid line) or smaller (dashed line/hatch filled) than ≈500 pc are also shown. What is clearly evident is that the VLA flux densities are systematically lower than what was recovered by the GBT. The median 33 GHz VLA-to-GBT flux density ratio is 0.78±0.04, with median absolute deviation of 0.27. For the 12 sources in which the 25″ GBT beam projects to a linear diameter of 500 pc, the median 33 GHz VLA-to-GBT flux density ratio is 0.97±0.10, with a median absolute deviation of 0.28, suggesting that this difference between the GBT and VLA flux densities likely arises from diffuse non-thermal synchrotron emission associated with CR electrons as they propagate away from their birth sites in supernova remnants near H II regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-image-cutouts-of-each-target-are-shown-the-color-2cju5b9n.png Figure 1. Image cutouts of each target are shown. The color scale (Green 2011) is set to one of 3 power-law stretches: [(p−pmin)/(pmax − pmin)] a, where p is the pixel value and a=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. A square-root stretch of a=0.5 was used when the brightest pixel in the image had an S/N>20. A linear stretch was used when the brightest pixel lied between 10<S/N<20, and the square stretch was used when the brightest pixel had an S/N<10. Left: the 33 GHz image at its native (i.e., ≈2″) resolution overlaid with Hα contours. The Hα contours are set at the following values: [−5σ, 20σ, 40σ, 80σ, 160σ, 320σ], where σ is the local rms noise. Right: the 33 GHz image convolved to match the resolution of the 24 μm data, for which contours are overlaid. Depending on the angular size of each source, the cutout regions are either 50″×50″, 25″×25″, or 12 5×12 5. In all panels, the FWHM of the 33 GHz beam is shown in the bottom left corner. A linear scalebar of 100 pc is also given in the bottom right corner of each panel. To distinguish between individual sources identified in the full-resolution and smoothed maps, we use uppercase and lowercase letters as part of their names for reporting photometry in Tables 5 and 6, respectfully. (An extended version of this figure is available.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-strategic-interplay-between-bundling-and-merging-in-vb8su5b36j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2pkym8hr.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-stage-equilibrium-prices-and-profits-2l4jpawk.png Table 2: Market stage equilibrium prices and profits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1iju8v0u.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoff-matrix-2biytncl.png Table 1: Payoff matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-the-simultaneous-game-figure-3b-the-sequential-3vksyzdw.png Figure 3a : the simultaneous game Figure 3b : the sequential game https://scispace.com/papers/the-stratospheric-aerosol-and-gas-experiment-sage-iii-on-the-31staiirdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sage-iii-iss-mounting-location-on-elc-4-1jm1em6u.png Figure 2: SAGE III/ ISS Mounting Location on ELC-4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nadir-viewing-platform-1017o6p7.png Figure 6: Nadir Viewing Platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sage-iii-mission-architecture-2mg7k0dz.png Figure 7: SAGE III Mission Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-0-baseline-data-products-1i5nw60l.png Table 1-0: Baseline Data Products https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solar-and-lunar-measurement-coverage-1o08qau5.png Figure 1: Solar and Lunar Measurement Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sage-iii-mounted-in-dragon-trunk-section-2b8j2e3o.png Figure 4: SAGE III Mounted in Dragon Trunk Section https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sage-iii-iss-instrument-payload-ip-1inq7jw4.png Figure 5: SAGE III/ISS Instrument Payload (IP) https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-atomic-and-molecular-clusters-optimised-3bjk357mu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-geometry-of-the-closed-packed-structures-3i1z0mqc.png Figure 3: The geometry of the closed-packed structures containing (a) 7, (b) 38, (c) 55, (d) 147 and (e) 400 atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-minimum-energies-of-ag-clusters-calculated-using-an-3m1x08b4.png Table 3: Minimum energies of Ag clusters, calculated using an embedded atom potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-alkane-hydrocarbon-structures-calculated-using-the-3rtn8t98.png Figure 8: Alkane hydrocarbon structures calculated using the GA and the Brenner hydrocarbon potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-alkene-hydrocarbon-structures-calculated-using-the-1mj638g6.png Figure 9: Alkene hydrocarbon structures calculated using the GA and the Brenner hydrocarbon potential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-using-cpu-time-2qamp5op.png Table 2: Comparison using cpu time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-alkyne-hydrocarbon-structures-calculated-using-the-1r4pja74.png Figure 10: Alkyne hydrocarbon structures calculated using the GA and the Brenner hydrocarbon potential. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-lowest-energy-hydro-carbon-chart-9dlh1pia.png Table 5 : Lowest Energy Hydro-Carbon Chart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-aromatic-hydrocarbon-structures-calculated-using-qyjmh9vu.png Figure 11: Aromatic hydrocarbon structures calculated using the GA and the Brenner hydrocarbon potential. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-verbal-abilities-in-young-and-older-adults-szvg4v5olh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-final-three-factor-model-for-traditional-and-rx7vclm2.png Figure 1. Final three-factor model for traditional and language sample measures of verbal ability for young adults. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2tsvh5w5.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1oa77jyr.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2a5hqf1q.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-final-three-factor-model-for-traditional-and-1d4wheyf.png Figure 2. Final three-factor model for traditional and language sample measures of verbal ability for older adults. https://scispace.com/papers/the-subaru-xmm-newton-deep-survey-sxds-v-optically-faint-13acrgij3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-histograms-of-numbers-top-and-fractions-bottom-of-294rp6cv.png Fig. 16.—Histograms of numbers (top) and fractions (bottom) of variable objects, for R i0 (left ) and B V (right ) colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectra-in-arbitrary-units-and-light-curves-of-three-25uolbn9.png Fig. 3.—Spectra in arbitrary units and light curves of three variable stars. All the spectra were obtained with FOCAS on Subaru telescope. The observational configurations were the 300B grism and SY47 order-sort filter for the top two stars, and the 150 grism and SY47 order-sort filter for the bottom star. The top two rows are M dwarf stars with B V ¼ 1:34 and 1.36. The bottom row is an early-type star with B V ¼ 0:44. The light curves of differential flux were plotted in filled circles in linear scale ( in ADU), because we cannot plot magnitudes in their faintest phases. The zero point is 34.02mag. Unreliable photometric points are plotted with open circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-detection-completeness-for-42-pg-quasars-using-real-24fpx77n.png Fig. 11.—Detection completeness for 42 PG quasars using real light curves over 7 years obtained byGiveon et al. (1999). In the cases of objects at z ¼ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, we calculated the detection completeness considering cosmological time dilation and variability dependence on rest-frame wavelength (Vanden Berk et al. 2004). We show the results for time samplings in SXDF-C as open circles, and for those in SXDF-N as filled triangles. The fitted lines are 1/f1þ a exp (mag b)/c½ g, parameterized by a, b, and c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectra-in-arbitrary-units-and-light-curves-of-four-q5f7nlcn.png Fig. 4.—Spectra in arbitrary units and light curves of four extragalactic variable objects that are classified as AGNs based on their light curves and variable locations (central variability). All the spectra were obtained with FOCAS on Subaru telescope. The observational configurations were the 300B grism without any order-sort filters for the top and third AGNs, and the 150 grism and SY47 order-sort filter for the second and bottom AGNs. The redshifts are 0.867, 1.066, 2.150, and 3.553, from top to bottom. Dashed lines indicate detected emission and absorption lines. The zero point the light curves is 34.02 mag. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-color-diagrams-of-variable-objects-in-r-i0-vs-i0-3ieexaba.png Fig. 7.—Color-color diagrams of variable objects in R i0 vs. i0 z0 (bottom left) and R i0 vs. R m3:6 m (bottom right ). We plot all the variable objects as small gray triangles, probable stars as large open circles, and reliable stars as large filled circles. A criterion indicated by the dashed line in the top panel,B V > 0:08V 1:59, is adopted to exclude pointlike blue galaxies. The dot-dashed line in the bottom right panel is a line separating stars and galaxies, R m3:6 m ¼ 2:6(R i0 ) 0:5. A large ellipse indicates a region of SDSS quasar (0:1< z < 5:2) colors, r i : r m3:6 m, in Hatziminaoglou et al. (2005) and Richards et al. (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-imaging-data-other-than-optical-variability-6xqc0e4w.png TABLE 1 Imaging Data Other than Optical Variability https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-detection-completeness-for-variable-objects-whose-2c9xgzy3.png Fig. 10.—Detection completeness for variable objects whose variability are characterized by the structure functions in SXDS-C (10 epochs from 2002 to 2005; top six panels) and SXDS-N (8 epochs from 2002 to 2003; bottom six panels). Typical values of and 0 for quasars are 0.2 and 6 ; 105 days, respectively; these values are plotted as stars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-suprime-cam-imaging-fields-light-and-dark-gray-regions-2bx54w5a.png Fig. 1.—Suprime-Cam imaging fields (light and dark gray regions) in the SXDF, with superimposed XMM-Newton EPIC imaging fields (black solid line) and Spitzer IRAC imaging fields (light gray region). The coordinates are measured relative to the center of the SXDF, (02h18m00s, 05 0000000 ) in J2000.0. Our optically variable object survey has been carried out in the entire Suprime-Cam field over 0.918 deg2, except for regions around bright objects (white blanks). The five pointings of the Suprime-Cam, SXDF-C, SXDF-N, SXDF-S, SXDF-E, and SXDF-W, are described. https://scispace.com/papers/the-survival-of-velvet-mesquite-prosopis-juliflora-var-bjmb68n7da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-fire-on-mesquite-38q1m5t4.png Table 2# EFFECT OF FIRE ON MESQUITE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-mesquite-in-arizona-new-mexico-and-1y4mhvrh.png Figure 1, Distribution of Mesquite in Arizona, New Mexico and T e x a s ........................................... 3 Figure 2, Page-Trowbridge Study Area l8 Figure 3, Topkill in Big Mesquite which Survived through https://scispace.com/papers/the-sustained-value-teachers-place-on-outdoor-learning-3smgmpruky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outdoors-as-the-optimum-learning-environment-1995-28py0ztt.png Table 2. Outdoors as the optimum learning environment, 1995 and 2017 (n= 45 and 34 respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-datasets-outdoor-learning-in-primary-schools-ikftu18q.png Table 1. Survey datasets, Outdoor Learning in Primary Schools in England, 1995 and 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-the-revised-national-curricula-in-1995-33coi1nz.png Table 6. Effect of the revised National Curricula in 1995 (revised 1992) and 2017 (revised 2014) on the provision of Outdoor Learning, Primary Schools in England (n = 57 and 34 respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-most-highly-ranked-continuing-professional-32mffqv6.png Table 5. Most highly ranked Continuing Professional Development (CPD) interests, primary teachers in England, 2017 (n= 40) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-other-government-policies-organisational-oue9txy9.png Table 7. Effect of other government policies, organisational frameworks or outdoor provision locally on the provision of Outdoor Learning in the curriculum, Primary Schools in England 2017 (n=29) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continuing-professional-development-cpd-interests-39zgf3f4.png Table 4. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) interests, Primary teachers in England, 1995 and 2017 (comparator data) (n = 61 and 40 respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stated-expertise-of-teachers-primary-schools-in-1xdrhos8.png Table 3. Stated expertise* of teachers, Primary Schools in England , 1995 and 2017 (n = 60 and 40 respectively) https://scispace.com/papers/the-swedish-twin-registry-in-the-third-millennium-an-update-x7wn6vpjbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sections-included-in-the-catss-17b3q4fj.png Table 5 Sections Included in the CATSS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-pairs-in-the-swedish-twin-registry-3bqsyoku.png Table 1 Number of Pairs in the Swedish Twin Registry https://scispace.com/papers/the-technical-skills-of-information-technology-workers-in-4ly2az33g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-2gar9mb7.png TABLE B.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-29mrbop9.png TABLE A.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1xowdjod.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-temperature-dependence-of-magnetic-losses-in-coo-doped-7ghe54oo4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-initial-dc-permeability-mi-measured-from-20-degc-to-189l3xpq.png FIG. 3. Initial DC permeability μi measured from –20 °C to 130 °C in CoO-doped Mn-Zn ring samples. Restrained μi(T) evolution is achieved for CoO = 3000–4000 ppm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-excess-and-hysteresis-loss-in-undoped-3ujlrrxh.png FIG. 13. Comparison of excess and hysteresis loss in undoped and optimally CoO-doped Mn-Zn ferrites at room temperature. The dashed fitting lines have been obtained applying Eq. (11), according to the standard approach of the Statistical Theory of Losses and taking into account the fractional contribution by the dw displacements Jpdw/Jp to the full magnetization reversal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-rotational-loss-wrot-f-calculated-for-the-undoped-and-2ws9tfm9.png FIG. 11. Rotational loss Wrot( f ) calculated for the undoped and the CoO = 3000 ppm doped ferrites at different temperatures. The rotational losses are influenced by doping and temperature only between a few hundred kilohertzs and 1–2 MHz, a region where, for a same temperature, they are higher in the doped material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-loss-components-in-the-mn-zn-ferrites-are-26r3sn59.png FIG. 12. The loss components in the Mn-Zn ferrites are compared at different temperatures for two levels of CoO doping. Wh, Wexc( f ), and Wrot( f ) are prevalent at low, intermediate, and high frequencies, respectively. Wh and Wexc( f ) follow a similar decreasing trend with increasing T, an effect largely magnified in the CoO = 6000 ppm doped ferrite. A reverse trend is displayed by Wrot( f ), because of concurrent widening of the ferromagnetic resonance spectrum toward low frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-loss-w-f-vs-frequency-at-different-temperatures-25fej4pu.png FIG. 1. Energy loss W( f ) vs frequency at different temperatures in CoO = 3000 ppm doped Mn-Zn ferrite ring samples before and after thickness reduction from d = 4.97 mm to d = 1.30 mm. The measurements have been performed by a fluxmetric method up to about 2 MHz (symbols) and by means of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at higher frequencies (lines). The eddy-current loss Wcl,eddy plays a role beyond a few megahertzs in the thicker sample. The solid and open large symbols provide the high-frequency values of Wcl,eddy, calculated with Eq. (1), on the thick and thin samples, respectively. Eddy-current-free loss can be assumed for the d = 1.30 mm thick sample. The inset shows how the VNA and fluxmetrically measured W( f ) curves overlap, for Jp = 2 mT, over a large frequency interval (the dashed line refers to the thin sample). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-examples-of-the-quasistatic-energy-loss-wh-dependence-rer532px.png FIG. 8. Examples of the quasistatic energy loss Wh dependence on CoO content at two temperatures and different Jp values. The dashed line are predicted by Eq. (5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-dependence-up-to-f-20-mhz-of-the-real-r0-f-a-mremieal.png FIG. 2. Frequency dependence (up to f = 20 MHz) of the real ρ0( f ) (a) and imaginary—ρ00( f ) (b) resistivity components of a CoO-doped Mn-Zn ferrite. The significant decrease of ρ0DC with temperature reflects increased conductivity of the grain boundary layers. The minor effect on ρ0( f ) at high frequencies points to a weak change of the intragrain conductivity with temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/the-texas-german-dialect-archive-a-multimedia-resource-for-twv2l2fgrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-web-based-interface-supporting-the-workflow-of-the-38kfoc7c.png Figure 2: Web-based interface supporting the workflow of the TGDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elan-eudico-linguistic-annotator-1tkww0xy.png Figure 1: ELAN (EUDICO Linguistic Annotator) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reading-a-media-sessions-html-transcript-while-1mjudk4b.png Figure 3: Reading a media session’s HTML transcript while listening to its MP3 sound file https://scispace.com/papers/the-tess-keck-survey-ii-an-ultra-short-period-rocky-planet-1538fxm8qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radial-velocities-38d3yap2.png Table 2 Radial Velocities https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-atmospheric-prospects-1a03eolt.png Table 4 Atmospheric Prospects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-custom-run-of-the-spoc-pipeline-and-dv-analysis-1aefu8vq.png Figure 3. A custom run of the SPOC pipeline and DV analysis for TOI-561 provided more robust parameters than the default SPOC analysis. In the default analysis, the transits of planet d were affected by many short data gaps that resulted from masking the transits of b and c. In our custom analysis, we subtracted (instead of masking) the transits of planets b and c, finding Pd = 16.29 days (instead of 16.37 days). The depths and durations of the two transits of planet d (bottom-left panel) are consistent to <1σ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-planet-parameters-2z3a9u4k.png Table 3 Planet Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-phase-folded-transits-of-toi-561-planets-b-top-2nvbmmky.png Figure 6. The phase-folded transits of TOI-561 planets b (top), c (middle), and d (bottom). We removed regions where two planets transit simultaneously before plotting. The magenta points show binned fluxes. The red solid line shows the bestfit transit models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-lomb-scargle-periodograms-of-a-the-rvs-b-the-rvs-10p2b1vo.png Figure 9. Lomb-Scargle periodograms of (a) the RVs, (b) the RVs after removing the best-fit [Model B] RV signatures from planets b, c, and d, (c) the Mt. Wilson S-value stellar activity indicator time series, and (d) the window function. False-alarm probabilities (FAPs) are computed based on a bootstrap resampling of each time series. The RVs and RV residuals do not have any peaks that cross the 1% FAP. The S values have significant (FAP > 1%) peaks at 100 days and 230 days, and various short periods that are likely aliases of the longer-period signals caused by the window function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-host-star-characteristics-3217s75l.png Table 1 Host-star Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-individual-transits-of-planet-c-from-tess-and-2ts4vrj4.png Figure 5. The individual transits of planet c from TESS and ground-based facilities. The magenta points are binned data. The red stars indicate the midtransits of planet b, which, due to the short orbital period, often overlap with the transits of planets c and d. The red solid line is the best-fit global model that includes both TESS and ground-based photometry and model transits of all three planets simultaneously. Note that the ground-based transits of planet d were acquired at times that are not consistent with our best-fit ephemeris, and they are not shown. https://scispace.com/papers/the-theory-of-the-propagation-of-tem-pulses-in-dispersive-bi-2udb0jka6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-incident-scattered-and-internal-electric-fields-2tw9kbvg.png Figure 2: Incident, scattered, and internal electric fields. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-infinite-bi-isotropic-scatterer-vj6eel10.png Figure 1: The infinite bi-isotropic scatterer. https://scispace.com/papers/the-therapeutic-potential-of-plant-flavonoids-on-rheumatoid-2r60qziic8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-structures-of-other-flavonoids-with-30ou6jic.png Figure 4: The structures of other flavonoids with antiarthritic properties. A- Apigenin; B – Baicalein; C - Luteolin; D – Myricetin; E – Naringenin; F – Nobiletin; G – Kaempferol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-common-immunomodulatory-effects-of-flavonoids-in-ra-whnmblkj.png Figure 5. Common immunomodulatory effects of flavonoids in RA. Querecetin, tea flavonoids, hesperetins, and other flavonoids inhibit the proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases and synovial proliferation. However, they stimulate the apoptosis of inflammatory cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pathogenesis-of-rheumatoid-arthritis-dendritic-cell-3iy8grwl.png Figure 1. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Dendritic cell, T-cell, B-cell, TH-17 cell, synovial fibroblast, macrophage, endothelium and chondrocyte are the important cells in the pathogenesis of RA (IL=Interleukin; TNF=tumor necrosis factor; Anti CCP= Anti-cyclic citrullined peptide) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-backbones-of-the-flavonoids-reviewed-41uqzdtu.png Figure 2. General backbones of the flavonoids reviewed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subgroups-of-flavonoids-274bsoot.png Table 1. Subgroups of flavonoids https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-flavonoids-in-modulating-rheumatoid-arthritis-3l92xhvk.png Table 2. Flavonoids in modulating Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structures-of-flavonoids-a-quercetin-b-catechin-c-1sq9c0au.png Figure 3. Structures of flavonoids; A- Quercetin; B – Catechin; C - (-)-Epigallocatechin-3gallate; D – Hesperetin https://scispace.com/papers/the-timing-accuracy-of-general-purpose-computers-for-4zfr8vpdgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-properties-of-the-three-computers-2tc9e9r3.png Table 1. Basic Properties of the Three Computers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-of-delay-test-errors-d64bqtpr.png Table 4. Descriptive Statistics of Delay Test Errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistic-of-keyboard-delays-2g9a8dub.png Table 3. Descriptive Statistic of Keyboard Delays https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-of-sleep-test-errors-3ppxxqpa.png Table 6. Descriptive Statistics of Sleep Test Errors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-typical-values-for-the-sleep-function-test-for-1cdjqurk.png Table 5. Typical Values for the Sleep Function Test for Windows 7 on the 8510p e=9-mod10(round(0.998859*target) (2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-descriptive-statistics-of-sleep-test-errors-adjusted-139cwomd.png Table 7. Descriptive Statistics of Sleep Test Errors Adjusted According to Equations 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-timing-of-discretionary-bonuses-effort-signals-and-33rr555izc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-summation-table-1ljcb2yv.png Figure 1. An example Summation table https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-worker-output-by-treatment-33lzh58k.png Table 3. Worker Output by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-worker-output-by-treatment-33vseq32.png Table C.1. Worker Output by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-treatment-effects-on-worker-output-3aeb7slp.png Table 4. OLS: Treatment Effects on Worker Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-total-output-by-bonus-decision-1xj5woix.png Figure 3. Average Total Output by Bonus Decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-example-of-a-slider-set-149wjbwa.png Figure 6. An example of a Slider set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-output-by-bonus-decision-and-by-period-in-dl6tje0t.png Figure 4. Average Output by Bonus Decision and by Period in Middle https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-regression-explaining-the-managers-bonus-fnno7327.png Table 2. Probit Regression: Explaining the Manager’s Bonus Decision https://scispace.com/papers/the-tool-supporting-decision-making-process-in-area-of-job-54mricyd9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-set-of-orders-as-pictorial-data-2uw9ygho.png Fig. 2. Set of orders as pictorial data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-set-of-orders-as-tabular-data-27a97e06.png Fig. 1. Set of orders as tabular data https://scispace.com/papers/the-training-and-management-of-horses-j-p-f-bell-f-z-s-xwp6gbu98h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-s-s-wind-sucking-strap-22jgb8o1.png Fig. 20. S S Wind-Sucking Strap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-best-kind-of-bbeaking-bit-25z14gxi.png Fig. 5.—Best Kind of Bbeaking Bit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-59-hz2omttm.png Fig. 59. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-67-twenty-fn-e-and-thirty-years-old-3nkytduj.png Fig. 67 —TwENTY-Fn^E and Thirty Years Old. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-61-seven-years-old-2245x357.png Fig. 61 —Seven Years Old. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-shoe-case-1rcg69nk.png Fig. 30.—Shoe-Case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-43-7v6s892p.png Fig. 43. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-w-w-whin-bushes-j-i-rand-m-the-course-of-1xqr6b8p.png Fig. 18.—W W Whin Bushes. j • ^i rand m the course of https://scispace.com/papers/the-trade-off-between-formal-and-informal-care-in-spain-5erxenlknr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-bourguignon-model-second-step-hours-equations-all-2zdakyhr.png Table 7. Bourguignon Model. Second Step hours equations. All Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tatistics-co-19vfhhg0.png Table 3 tatistics (co https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-coverage-index-of-social-services-for-dependent-ajfu65w6.png Table 10. Coverage Index of Social Services for Dependent People. 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-of-the-spanish-population-aged-40-1900-2007-1v6ld2nh.png Figure 1: Trends of the Spanish Population aged +40. 1900-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trends-of-the-ageing-related-expenditure-in-spain-1fns725a.png Figure 2. Trends of the ageing related expenditure in Spain https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bourg-od-14j860ww.png Table 4. Bourg od https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-population-by-type-of-care-1fpolrlg.png Figure 3. Distribution of the Population by type of care https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-bourguignon-model-by-gender-second-step-hours-2fc8n83m.png Table 8. Bourguignon Model by gender. Second Step hours equations. https://scispace.com/papers/the-transfer-and-persistence-of-trace-particulates-2reqn6c1ol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-provides-numerous-decay-relationships-for-both-1xsqacbd.png Figure 1 provides numerous decay relationships for both material type and pollen decay over time and it can be seen that the decay curve approximates to what would be expected from curves provided in the literature for fibres and glass. Since these experiments were conducted over a much longer period of time than those that have been published to date, we sought to determine whether the decay curves could approximate an initial exponential decay followed by a more linear pattern as identified for the lighter flint experiments above. It is also important to note that in these pollen decay experiments, the pollen grains were only lightly brushed onto the surface of the material (approximating the ‘weakly-bound’ and ‘bound’ stages identified by Pounds and Smalldon [3]). Graphical and statistical analyses were conducted upon the pollen persistence data (in a similar manner to that undertaken for lighter flint particles). It was clear that the exponential decay curve for the first six hours was not present for any pollen or material type since the curves were not ‘smooth’; nor was there a fitted linear relationship for second stage of decay as found in the lighter flint experiments. We judge that since the pollen grains were only lightly brushed onto the surface of the material that they were shed relatively rapidly in the initial hour or two (as mentioned by Pounds and Smalldon [3]) but nevertheless did remain present on the materials for a considerable amount of time. Further, the non-linear relationship of the second stage of the decay curve may well be explained by the re-incorporation of pollen grains which have fallen from one area of the material to another. Pollen grains may not just decay from the closed system of the material, but may re-incorporate themselves into the material in large numbers if they were initially introduced by weak bonding mechanisms. Pollen grains will fall from one type of clothing to for example, skirt or trousers, and given the various activities that can occur after the initial introduction of the particulates onto the material they can easily be incorporated into the more strongly-bound associations identified by Pounds and Smalldon [3] and shown conclusively in these repeated experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/the-translocation-domain-of-botulinum-neurotoxin-a-moderates-xlusxpmyz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-saxs-and-analytical-ultracentrifugation-analysis-of-lc-34ispzzn.png Fig 3. SAXS and analytical ultracentrifugation analysis of LC-HN at pH 7 and pH 4. A, comparison of the superposition of the logarithm of the SAXS intensities as a function of the amplitude of the diffusion vector [f/f0 = 4πsinθ/λ], for LC-HN at pH 7 (red curve) and pH 4 (blue curve). B, Superposition of the dimensionless Kratky plots of LC-HN at pH 7 (red curve) and pH 4 (blue curve). This representation reveals the type of structure: compact, partially folded or unfolded. C, summary of shape describing parameters obtained from AUC and SAXS: sedimentation coefficient (s, in Svedberg), frictional ratio (f/f0), radius of gyration (Rg). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-permeabilization-of-andmembrane-binding-3jdlg79x.png Fig 6. Comparison of permeabilization of, andmembrane binding to LUV by LC, HN and LC-HN proteins of BoNT/A. A, B, C, Kinetics of SRB leakage from LUV (100 μM) after addition of LC (A), HN (B) and LC-HN (C) (0.1 μM) at pH 7 (black), pH 6 (pink), pH 5 (green), pH 4.5 (orange), pH 4 (blue) and pH 3.5 (red). S3 Fig shows absence of SRB leakage in the absence of proteins and 100% SRB release after Triton X-100 addition. D, FRET from LC (red), HN (green) and LC-HN (blue) at 0.5 μM to dansyl-DHPE-containing LUV at 50 μM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-membrane-interaction-of-lc-of-bont-a-as-a-function-of-1h3vrscb.png Fig 5. Membrane interaction of LC of BoNT/A as a function of pH. A, ratio of Trp fluorescence intensities at 360 nm and 320 nm in solution in absence (open squares) and in presence of LUV (closed squares). B, FRET from LC protein (0.5 μM) to dansyl-DHPE-containing LUV (50 μM). C, LUV (100 μM) permeabilization induced by LC (0.1 μM), expressed as percent of permeabilization amplitude reflected the maximum rate of permeabilization achieved for each pH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-recombinant-lc-hn-and-lc-hn-proteins-310mzumv.png Fig 1. Structure of the recombinant LC, HN and LC-HN proteins of BoNT/A.Ribbon representations of LC, HN and LC-HN predicted from the structure of BoNT/A (Protein Data Bank file: 3BTA). The N- and Cterminal ends are indicated (NH2 and COOH) for each protein. The Trp residues are represented as blue spheres for the three proteins and indicated in C asW43, W118 and asW460, W606, W706 andW717 for HN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-ph-on-the-stability-of-lc-hn-and-lc-hn-2sziotdj.png Fig 4. Effect of pH on the stability of LC, HN and LC-HN proteins. GdnHCl-induced denaturation of LC, HN and LC-HN followed by Trp fluorescence at pH 7 and pH 4. A, B, C, denaturation curves of LC, HN and LC-HN respectively, at pH 7 (open symbols) and pH 4 (closed symbols). D, superposition of the denaturation curves of LC (red squares), HN (green circles) and LC-HN (blue triangles) at pH 4. Inset, table of thermodynamic parameters ΔG 0 and D1/2, for each protein at pH 7 and pH 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-secondary-structure-of-the-three-70csfk9p.png Table 1. Comparison of the secondary structure of the three proteins based on the far-UV CD spectra at pH 7 (BestSel) with the secondary structure observed in the crystal structure of BoNT/A (3BTA) (STRIDE PDB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-far-and-near-uv-cd-spectra-of-lc-hn-and-lc-hn-proteins-360t9r13.png Fig 2. Far and near-UV CD spectra of LC, HN and LC-HN proteins of BoNT/A. Left, Far-UV and right Near-UV at various pH, pH 7 (black curve); pH 6 (pink curve); pH 5 (green curve); pH 4 (blue curve) and pH 3 (red curve). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-features-of-lc-and-hn-upon-acidification-in-solution-1h8sgu3o.png Table 2. Features of LC and HN upon acidification in solution. https://scispace.com/papers/the-twilight-world-of-british-business-politics-the-spring-1yj8c7pyql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ten-most-frequent-attendees-on-each-side-at-spring-314xvswh.png Table 3 Ten most frequent attendees on each side at Spring Sunningdale conferences 1963-71 and 1986 to 2004 (except 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-at-the-1997-spring-sunningdale-xj5nifkq.png Table 2 Participants at the 1997 Spring Sunningdale conference https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-at-the-1969-spring-sunningdale-weekend-31tpb0nc.png Table 1 Participants at the 1969 Spring Sunningdale weekend conference https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-accounting-tools-in-the-assessment-of-enterprise-1l9n18aprg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-liquidity-ratios-of-company-a-in-the-years-2009-2011-4i86zt84.png Table 3. Liquidity ratios of Company A in the years 2009–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-crisis-and-the-criteria-for-their-formation-3d0m0rsp.png Table 1. Types of crisis and the criteria for their formation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-debt-indicators-of-company-b-in-the-years-2009-2011-1rkh1nga.png Table 4. Debt indicators of Company B in the years 2009–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-liquidity-ratios-of-company-b-in-the-years-2009-2011-2mbj6h8x.png Table 5. Liquidity ratios of Company B in the years 2009–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-debt-indicators-of-company-c-in-the-years-2009-2011-egj02dma.png Table 6. Debt indicators of Company C in the years 2009–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-liquidity-ratios-of-company-c-in-the-years-2009-2011-2yq5d07e.png Table 7. Liquidity ratios of Company C in the years 2009–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-debt-indicators-of-company-a-in-the-years-2009-2011-188riuuo.png Table 2. Debt indicators of Company A in the years 2009–2011 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-artificial-neural-networks-to-classify-primate-32lxmhqbv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-a-one-hidden-layer-supervised-neural-20t0g6v9.png Fig. 2. Structure of a one-hidden layer supervised neural network, similar to the multilayer perceptron used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structure-of-the-input-used-in-the-study-we-collected-2606iuop.png Fig. 3. Structure of the input used in the study. We collected 13 measurements to build each input vector used in this study. 1–3: fundamental frequency (F0); 4–6 first formant (F1); 7–9: second formant (F2); 10–12: third formant (F3); 13: duration (DUR). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vocal-categories-recognized-by-earlier-studies-gamba-3trqxlub.png TABLE I. Vocal Categories Recognized by Earlier Studies [Gamba & Giacoma, 2005; Gosset et al., 2002; Macedonia & Stanger, 1994] within Black Lemur Vocal Repertoire https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correct-classifications-for-each-of-the-seven-2ns4ek1x.png TABLE II. Correct Classifications for Each of the Seven Target Categories in a Supervised Neural Network with 15 Hidden Units https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrograms-of-some-black-lemur-vocalizations-a-alarm-1ccpcyvc.png Fig. 1. Spectrograms of some black lemur vocalizations: (A) Alarm Call; (B) Hoot; (C) Grunt; (D) Long Grunt; (E) Long Grunt Clear Call; and (F) Tonal Call. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-economic-instruments-in-nordic-environmental-18az913jlq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-fuel-tax-exemptions-e94iz8pd.png Table 7.2 Fuel tax exemptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-petrol-and-auto-diesel-tax-development-nok-liter-2xfuas6w.png Table 6.4 Petrol and auto diesel tax development. NOK/liter https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-lowering-waiver-of-the-excise-duty-1o570vrc.png Table 5.5 Lowering/waiver of the excise duty https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-excise-duty-on-private-cars-percent-of-customs-14w7w71a.png Table 5.4 Excise duty on private cars. Percent of customs value https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-energy-tax-and-co2-tax-burden-of-different-energy-1igwleem.png Table 3.1 Energy tax and CO2-tax burden of different energy sources. Current prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-excise-duty-slabs-1msok9b9.png Table 5.6 Excise Duty Slabs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-wastewater-tax-dependent-on-contents-of-polluters-1k20pz6b.png Table 3.3 Wastewater tax dependent on contents of polluters 2006–2009. DKK/kg https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-energy-tax-and-carbon-dioxide-tax-on-1xzs73mi.png Table 7.3 Energy tax and carbon dioxide tax on transportation fuels (SEK per litre) https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-flow-analysis-in-foreign-exchange-exploratory-49ujulvu23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-coverage-and-response-rates-7hl1a0qe.png TABLE 6. Coverage and response rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-on-the-importance-of-flow-analysis-question-please-2mzngpzv.png TABLE 1. On the importance of flow analysis Question: "Please evaluate the importance of the three following information types for your typical https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rank-correlations-of-flow-use-and-beliefs-about-fx-11pv200b.png TABLE 4. Rank correlations of flow use and beliefs about FX markets Question: "How much importance do fundamentals and psychology have for exchange rate movements?" https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-information-on-flow-use-and-individual-behavior-9yhbh25k.png TABLE 3. Information on flow use and individual behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evidence-from-hypothesis-tests-regarding-positions-1-1k3dox38.png TABLE 5. Evidence from hypothesis tests regarding positions 1 to 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ratio-of-fundamental-to-technical-analysis-2czgnval.png FIGURE 1. The ratio of fundamental to technical analysis depending on the use of flow analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-photoemission-to-determine-the-electronic-1pu5uua0nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-density-of-states-for-amorphous-and-crystalline-ge-3pt5mfz6.png FIG. 15. - Density of states for amorphous and crystalline Ge. The amorphous optical density of states was obtained from optical and photoemission experiments. The crystalline density of states is due to band calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-shows-the-optical-density-of-states-obtained-for-506bozoi.png FIG. 15. - Density of states for amorphous and crystalline Ge. The amorphous optical density of states was obtained from optical and photoemission experiments. The crystalline density of states is due to band calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ge-edcs-for-5-8-hi-9-1-ev-the-ge-band-structure-is-1kx3vxyh.png FIG. 10. - Ge EDCs for 5.8 < hi! < 9.1 eV. The Ge band structure is shown on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ge-edcs-for-4-2-hv-5-8-ev-the-ge-band-structure-is-iqjz4mnh.png FIG. 9. - Ge EDCs for 4.2 < hv < 5.8 eV. The Ge band structure is shown on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-comparison-of-ultraviolet-edcs-from-crystalline-and-1hzuji4l.png FIG. 13. - A comparison of ultraviolet EDCs from crystalline and amorphous Ge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-edcs-from-si-with-about-15-a-of-oxide-and-from-quartz-39zwi5um.png FIG. 22. - EDCs from Si with about 15 A of oxide and from quartz (SiOz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-edcs-for-ferromagnetic-and-paramagnetic-ni-calculated-3edgdx7r.png FIG. 24. - EDCs for ferromagnetic and paramagnetic Ni calculated, assuming direct transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-edcs-for-1-0-2-0-doped-n-and-p-type-silicon-as-well-36674ryk.png Fig. 19. - EDCs for 1 0 2 0 doped n and p type silicon as well FIG. 21. - The effect of oxygen exposure on Si EDCs. Exposure as for an almost intrinsic n sample (n-). The insert indicates is given in Langmuirs (L). Note the disappearance of the surface the change in band bending due to bulk doping. The examples states and the appearance of a new Silicon oxide peakas oxygen are for heavily coped n and p type material. expos~~re is increased. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-pulse-echo-ultrasound-in-women-with-a-recent-non-1g7u6owgej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-209-women-50-70-years-old-with-a-jzy3m8lm.png Table 1 Characteristics of 209 women, 50–70 years old, with a recent non-vertebral fracture at the FLS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-the-current-study-2zg2ip5w.png Fig. 1 Flowchart of the current study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-proportion-of-true-positive-and-false-negative-tests-1he1y21v.png Table 4 Proportion of true positive and false negative tests in women 50–70 years for not having osteoporosis and/or prevalent morphometric vertebral fractures according to different density index (DI) cut-offs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-or-using-the-manufacturers-density-index-3ioz9h3r.png Table 2 Odds ratio’s (OR) using the manufacturer’s density index (DI) 0.844 g/cm2 to exclude for osteoporosis and/or subclinical vertebral fractures in 209 women who sustained a recent nonvertebral fracture https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-bindex-density-index-di-cut-off-for-69v3ea16.png Table 3 Calculated Bindex density index (DI) cut-off for achieving the optimal AUCs according to DXAwith or without subclinical grades II and III on VFA, using ROC analyses https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-variable-temperature-13-c-solid-state-mas-nmr-and-10gaylt3at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1h-500-mhz-13c-cp-mas-5-khz-spectra-for-32ujk50j.png Figure 3: 1H (500 MHz)-13C CP MAS (5 kHz) spectra for diethylcarbamazine citrate at 13 different temperatures from 0 to 50 oC. Expanded regions are shown to improve the 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-500-mhz-13c-cp-mas-5-khz-spectra-for-1iriubis.png Figure 4: 1H (500 MHz)-13C CP MAS (5 kHz) spectra for diethylcarbamazine citrate at 2 different temperatures from 0 to 40 oC. Expanded regions are shown so as to better visualize 3 changes for the C46 resonance. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geometry-optimized-structures-of-both-conformers-3b92bgvt.png Figure 5: Geometry optimized structures of both conformers (from the X-ray diffraction 2 structure) of diethylcarbamazine at 293 K (conformer 2 is shown in green): (a) the full 3 (DEC)+ molecule, (b) a zoomed-in view for the carbon atoms that exhibit disorder, with the 4 dihedral angles noted. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-500-mhz-13c-hetcor-mas-nmr-spectra-of-e4yhagp3.png Figure 1: 1H (500 MHz)-13C HETCOR MAS NMR spectra of diethylcarbamazine citrate 3 recorded using FSLG 1H decoupling and CP contact times of (a) 50 (12.5 kHz) and (b) 2000 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometry-optimized-structures-of-as-constructed-see-79ufawbd.png Figure 6: Geometry optimized structures of as-constructed (see discussion in the main text) 8 conformers 3 and 4 of diethylcarbamazine at 293 K (conformer 4 is shown in green): (a) the 9 full (DEC)+ molecule, (b) a zoomed-in view for the carbon atoms that exhibit disorder, with 10 the dihedral angles noted. 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimentala-293k-and-gipawb-calculated-isotropic-2n82t3fk.png Table 1: Experimentala (293K) and GIPAWb calculated isotropic NMR chemical shifts (in ppm) for different phases of the diethycarbamazine 1 citrate salt at different temperatures (100, 150, 235 and 293 K). 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1h-500-mhz-13c-cp-mas-5-khz-spectra-for-1yckh9yy.png Figure 2: 1H (500 MHz)-13C CP MAS (5 kHz) spectra for diethylcarbamazine citrate at 4 different temperatures from 0 to 40 oC. Expanded regions are shown to improve the 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-293k-25-and-gipawa-calculated-isotropic-2q5d0hf9.png Table 2. Experimental (293K) [25] and GIPAWa calculated isotropic NMR chemical shifts for 8 13C nuclei for different conformers of the diethycarbamazine citrate salta at 293 K. 9 https://scispace.com/papers/the-validity-of-the-menopause-specific-quality-of-life-324b15vx0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-logistic-regression-analyses-with-7v2c7s2z.png Table 4 Results of logistic regression analyses with depression symptoms as the dependent variables and the Menopause-specifi c Quality of Life (MENQOL) domains, age, education, diabetes, and marital status as the independent variables ( n 337) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-linear-regression-analyses-with-the-3umedpo1.png Table 3 Results of linear regression analyses with the Menopause-specifi c Quality of Life (MENQOL) domains as the dependent variables and the SF-12 component scores, marital status, age, education, and diabetes as independent variables ( n 337) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-issues-related-to-3tglrck1.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of issues related to reproduction, by case and control ( n 640). Data are given as mean standard deviation or n (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-cronbach-s-a-and-scores-of-participants-rktur6pd.png Table 2 Values of Cronbach ’ s α and scores of participants with diabetes, by domains of the Menopausespecifi c Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire ( n 241) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-means-and-95-confi-dence-interval-cis-of-menopause-zxk2h4l6.png Table 6 Means and 95% confi dence interval (CIs) of Menopause-specifi c Quality of Life (MENQOL) symptoms, associated with both diabetes and postmenopausal stage ( n 337) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-logistic-regression-analyses-with-u0r0r1nb.png Table 5 Results of logistic regression analyses with diabetes as the dependent variable and the Menopausespecifi c Quality of Life (MENQOL) domains, age, education, and marital status as the independent variables ( n 337) https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-and-incentives-of-option-based-compensation-in-2ha9dz5nfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exercise-provisions-and-strike-price-constructions-2irdwtqo.png Figure 2. Exercise provisions and strike price constructions of OBC programs in Danish listed companies – 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-median-salary-per-director-and-per-executive-1r8t7t9m.png Table 10. Median salary per director and per executive excluding and including the value of options granted during the year (percentage benefits in the form of options). Numbers are in DKK 1,000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-average-salary-per-director-and-per-executive-3o8beyi1.png Table 11. Average salary per director and per executive excluding and including value of options granted during the year (percentage benefits in the form of options). Numbers are in DKK 1,000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-development-in-the-proportion-of-firms-in-various-351jr65x.png Figure 3: Development in the proportion of firms in various disclosure quality classes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-development-in-option-overhang-i-e-the-number-of-2ywave7g.png Table 6. Development in option overhang, i.e. the number of issued options relative to the number of shares outstanding in the firm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-development-in-total-value-of-newly-issued-option-frrzpb1t.png Table 7. Development in total value of newly issued option-based compensation by year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-use-of-various-types-of-incentive-instruments-2002-2qwp4c28.png Figure 1. Use of various types of incentive instruments – 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-20-largest-obc-programs-at-the-end-of-2000-2vwplsp4.png Figure 4. The 20 largest OBC programs at the end of 2000. https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-preparation-in-a-systems-engineering-masters-ntx4v0wehy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-test-and-exam-cross-tabulation-engineering-18daognd.png Table II. Test and Exam Cross Tabulation (Engineering Management SE Module) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-test-and-exam-cross-tabulation-project-management-36vcues0.png Table III. Test and Exam Cross-Tabulation (Project Management SE Module) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-dimensional-representation-of-blooms-taxonomy-2hht0fv5.png Figure 3. Two-dimensional representation of Bloom’s taxonomy (Adapted from Krathwohl, 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-engineering-management-masters-module-life-cycle-exafsogy.png Figure 1. Engineering management masters module life cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-preparation-test-and-exam-results-engineering-4hpe48pr.png Figure 5. Preparation test and Exam results (Engineering Management SE module). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-preparation-test-and-exam-results-project-1twbpyqz.png Figure 6. Preparation test and Exam results (Project Management SE module). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preparation-test-educational-analyses-n60rarmv.png Figure 4. Preparation test educational analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tcpk-framework-mishra-and-koehler-2006-1aj0r7d9.png Figure 2. TCPK framework (Mishra and Koehler, 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/the-vegetable-kingdom-or-the-structure-classification-and-18w207wc0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-xxxv-0-0025-and-0-0020-or-to-3dgyk6ba.png Fig. XXXV. 0.0025 and 0.0020 or ^ to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-xx-xi-ii-30d82n4i.png Fig. XX XI II.**** https://scispace.com/figures/fig-xii-mucor-mucedo-very-highly-magnified-exhibiting-1-the-1ualjhmj.png Fig. XII.—Mucor mucedo, very highly magnified, exhibiting 1, the spawn or mycelium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ix-according-to-mr-neill-this-bpecies-forms-mi-adows-1leen5fq.png Fig. IX. according to Mr. Neill,this Bpecies forms mi adows, through which a pinnace with difficult) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-124-d-dip-of-warrea-bidentata-fig-124-e-lip-of-warrea-2awqd4qb.png Fig. 124 d, Dip of Warrea bidentata; Fig. 124 e, Lip of Warrea WaUosiana https://scispace.com/figures/fig-xxttt-aseroe-pentactiua-2q6dmb6r.png Fig. XX XI II.**** https://scispace.com/figures/fig-xxxiii-1fgyo6hj.png Fig. XXXIII. https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-sku-rationalization-in-practice-the-pooling-17jtmalyfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cost-reduction-due-to-pooling-for-p-0-1-and-h-0-9-362cu96w.png TABLE 6 Cost Reduction due to Pooling for p 0.1 and h 0.9 under Optimal Policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cost-reduction-due-to-pooling-for-p-0-5-and-h-0-5-5w356b6j.png TABLE 5 Cost Reduction due to Pooling for p 0.5 and h 0.5 under Optimal Policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-skus-and-concentration-of-demand-and-1qld2ybf.png TABLE 7 Number of SKUs and Concentration of Demand and Uncertainty at Pellton https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weekly-demand-pattern-and-frequency-distribution-2qelcdgw.png FIGURE 3. Weekly demand pattern and frequency distribution for major product. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-reduction-due-to-pooling-for-p-0-9-and-h-0-1-1x4dgmkr.png TABLE 4 Cost Reduction due to Pooling for p 0.9 and h 0.1 under Optimal Policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pooling-ranges-l-u-for-p-0-1-and-h-0-9-14xmyqke.png TABLE 3 Pooling Ranges [ L, U] for p 0.1 and h 0.9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-costs-before-pooling-and-after-pooling-under-2ni3vfvl.png FIGURE 2. Total costs before pooling and after pooling under normal demand. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pooling-ranges-l-u-for-p-0-5-and-h-0-5-2lepg56s.png TABLE 2 Pooling Ranges [ L, U] for p 0.5 and h 0.5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-versioning-system-balancing-data-amount-and-access-59npcep0gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-do-of-migration-border-0-7-ffxbeknx.png Figure 2. The DO of migration border=0.7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-access-structure-with-lists-2nsj2yot.png Figure 1. Access structure with lists https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-query-and-migration-border-on-a4ybovbf.png Figure 4. Relationship between query and migration border on distribution of data amount(STDEV) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-data-amount-stdev-h71yyvfc.png Figure 3. Distribution of data amount(STDEV) https://scispace.com/papers/the-virtual-mesh-a-geometric-abstraction-for-efficiently-24ij1xa7n0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mapping-a-torus-patch-with-a-curve-drawn-on-it-to-the-3kdutzx9.png Fig. 4. Mapping a torus patch with a curve drawn on it to the domain [0, π]2. a. A ring torus patch. b. A mapping of this patch with constant Jacobian. c. A mapping with non-constant Jacobian. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-teapot-scene-with-various-wavelet-3ghi7dce.png Table 2. Results for the teapot scene with various wavelet bases, with or without tessellation of the input geometry, for the same global error and the same convergence rate (99%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-illumination-of-the-chess-set-with-constant-jacobian-g8dsu5z7.png Fig. 13. Illumination of the chess set with constant Jacobian mappings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-the-chess-set-test-scene-using-linear-2rmtbmhl.png Table 3. Results for the chess set test scene using linear wavelets, for a 90% convergence rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-adjusting-quadrature-weights-to-virtual-1urcgyvx.png Fig. 7. Example of adjusting quadrature weights to virtual supports when S is considered an emitter. a. Classical 2D quadrature points and weights. b. Modified weights on virtual supports. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-hierarchical-subdivision-of-the-virtual-support-of-the-1fd8355f.png Fig. 9. Hierarchical subdivision of the virtual support of the patch delimited by the curve drawn on the torus of Figure 4.a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-aerial-view-of-the-illumination-of-a-floor-of-the-1aryvqc5.png Fig. 15. Aerial view of the illumination of a floor of the Soda Hall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-opera-scene-a-a-close-up-on-the-initial-mesh-of-3fmi2c1s.png Fig. 10. The opera scene. a. A close-up on the initial mesh of the opera: with simple or complex primitives. b. c. Radiosity solution with (b.) and without (c.) the virtual mesh. https://scispace.com/papers/the-visualization-center-at-scripps-institution-of-pgg25mtmyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dr-cheryl-peach-from-the-birch-aquarium-at-scripps-2mv1wxmi.png Figure 3. Dr. Cheryl Peach from the Birch Aquarium at Scripps discusses aspects of the ocean environment, has the students identify kelp beds (visible from the balcony of the Visualization Center at Scripps), and shows the students specimens of meso- and bathypelagic fish. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visitors-to-the-visualization-center-at-scripps-use-2vnoy96q.png Figure 2. Visitors to the Visualization Center at Scripps use specially designed 3D glasses to view high-resolution stereo images of the topography of southern California and station telemetry lines, along with the locations of 40,000 earthquakes that were recorded by the Anza seismic network over the last twenty years. A virtual flight through these data can be dictated on the spot by the user. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-group-of-visitors-in-the-visualization-center-at-2fkv5ri4.png Figure 1. A group of visitors in the Visualization Center at Scripps view the topography of Mars. https://scispace.com/papers/the-waiting-period-of-initial-public-offerings-zo5au0f1w5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-waiting-period-2q89zmuc.png Table 3. Determinants of waiting period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-2tth5was.png Table 2. Summary statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-waiting-period-on-underpricing-panel-a-2dttyjtj.png Table 4. Impact of waiting period on underpricing. Panel A: Underpricing based on 21st trading day https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-waiting-period-and-post-ipo-uncertainty-panel-a-ck7n75nj.png Table 5. Waiting period and post-IPO uncertainty. Panel A: Univariate tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-waiting-period-by-year-2fhct5lc.png Table 1. Waiting period by year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-waiting-period-and-operating-performance-panel-a-2b43cqyk.png Table 7. Waiting period and operating performance. Panel A: Operating performance of IPOs with short and long waiting periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-waiting-period-and-stock-performance-panel-a-buy-and-ow20bnd5.png Table 6. Waiting period and stock performance. Panel A: Buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHARs) for 1-, 2-, and 3-years post-IPO https://scispace.com/papers/the-wheels-of-a-command-economy-allocating-soviet-vehicles-2o16surwnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-plan-comparisons-planners-producers-and-final-c0lb68vz.png Table 3: Plan Comparisons: Planner’s, Producer’s, and Final Outcome. Correlation of draft plans and final distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vehicle-allocation-during-supply-shocks-1932-and-4th-1we18b89.png Table 1: Vehicle Allocation During Supply Shocks (1932 and 4th quarter 1937) and Periods of “Normalcy” (3rd and 4th quarters 1934, 2nd quarter 1937): Summary Statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-producers-plan-planners-plan-and-472f0dbh.png Table 4: Comparison of Producer’s Plan, Planner’s Plan, and Dictator’s Plan Mean absolute deviations of the two drafts from final outcome https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1st-quarter-1932-plans-cars-the-planning-aftermarket-24vgaqke.png Table 2. 1st quarter 1932 plans, cars: The Planning Aftermarket https://scispace.com/papers/the-wide-field-spatio-spectral-interferometer-system-1m7r5nd5pl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-wiit-experimental-setup-light-from-3a1wl419.png Figure 3. Schematic of the WIIT experimental setup. Light from the test scene (source) located at the focus of the collimating mirror is projected into the interferometer. The two collector mirrors separated by the baseline length feed the two arms of the interferometer. One of these arms consists solely of fixed flat mirrors (lower arm, fixed), while the other includes a pair of mirrors mounted on the delay line stage in a rooftop configuration (upper arm, delay arm). The delay line scans a range of optical path difference between the two arms of the interferometer. The beams from the two arms are recombined at the combiner (beam splitter), and the output from one of the two output ports is focused onto a CCD camera by a lens group. The demagnification of the DMD plane is also shown: a relay lens system images the DMD plane to the WIIT source plane while demagnifying the DMD by a factor 0.147. The testbed provides an additional demagnification of 0.835 due to the WIIT collimator and lens system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-integrated-intensity-of-a-wiit-measurement-at-12y7ujlg.png Figure 8. Left: integrated intensity of a WIIT measurement at the camera plane, for a 46mm baseline length and 0 degree rotation, where we can observe both the science region and the reference sources. Right: interferograms at science regions a, b, c and d for a 46mm baseline (top) and a 96mm baseline (bottom) at 0 degrees rotation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-from-a-simulated-hyperspectral-far-ir-extragalactic-idky68su.png Figure 4. From a simulated hyperspectral far-IR extragalactic deep field, we broke the datacube into four wavelength bins, mapped the far-IR wavelengths into the visible range for projection with CHIP, and used 8 eigenspectra and corresponding eigenimages to capture most of the original spatial and spectral content while enabling time-efficient projection with the CHIP. Right: CHIP projected spectra (blend of eigenspectra) for the bright sources contained in the regions outlined, showing the presence of continuum (zodiacal, cirrus, and galactic) and spectral line emission (from the galaxies at their respective redshifts) from the original far-IR spectral range 307-400 µm. Left: A wavelength-integrated image representing the projected 280 x 280-pixel test scene. Four separate WIIT data sets were collected, one for each of the four wavelength bins, but only one of the four is represented here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spatial-structure-of-the-reconstructed-scene-or-adfzuvtd.png Figure 7. Spatial structure of the reconstructed scene or dirty image. Left: spectrally integrated intensity of the full science scene. Right: derived spectra of each source in the science regions a, b, c and d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-classical-fts-left-and-a-spectro-39ntf76x.png Figure 1. Schematic of a classical FTS (left) and a spectro-spatial interferometer (right). For the FTS, the incoming light is divided in the first beam splitter and half of it is delayed with the movable mirror before arriving to the second beam splitter where interference occurs. The spectro-spatial interferometer receives light from two telescopes (T1 and T2), and the light travelling from T2 is delayed at the movable mirror before interfering with the light travelling from T1 at the beam splitter, where interference occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-uv-coverage-where-blue-indicates-the-sampled-2su09qtu.png Figure 5. Left: uv-coverage, where blue indicates the sampled uv positions and red its negative counterpart. Right: Normalized interferometric dirty beam at 523.6nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-integrated-intensity-of-wiit-measurements-after-the-ahl5h1j5.png Figure 9. Integrated intensity of WIIT measurements after the registration of the 46mm datacubes to the first datacube (0 degrees rotation). It can be observed the presence of the reference sources used for the registration of the cubes, as they are stationary in each cube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-simulated-integrated-intensity-of-a-wiit-3smx6kur.png Figure 6. Left: Simulated integrated intensity of a WIIT measurement at the camera plane. The red box indicates the science region. The sources outside the red box are the reference sources. Right: interferograms at science regions a, b, c and d for a 46mm baseline (top) and a 226mm baseline (bottom) at 0 degrees rotation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-x-gamma-ray-imaging-spectrometer-xgis-on-board-theseus-29ch9qo6ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xgis-camera-design-2mmftq7o.png Figure 2 XGIS camera design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pixel-operation-principle-5go66tqi.png Figure 9 Pixel operation principle https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-data-type-produced-by-the-orion-be-asic-2sibpa8x.png Table 4 Data type produced by the ORION-BE ASIC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-xgis-system-main-characteristics-of-each-xgis-camera-jncg5y63.png Table 1 XGIS system main characteristics of each XGIS camera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-detector-module-design-i27aqmgn.png Figure 10 Detector Module design https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-main-characteristics-of-the-orion-asics-top-and-2w71v910.png Table 5 Main characteristics of the ORION ASICs (top) and details of the embedded ADC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-xgis-detector-assembly-concept-3igf90ul.png Figure 8 XGIS detector assembly concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-architecture-of-a-channel-of-the-orion-be-asic-as-20bsew1l.png Figure 14 Architecture of a channel of the ORION-BE ASIC: as a baseline, one ORION-BE will operate 8 pixels https://scispace.com/papers/the-xmm-cluster-survey-active-galactic-nuclei-and-starburst-ht6g5uzw7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mid-ir-derived-star-formation-rates-for-24-mm-cfe0wapn.png Table 3 Mid-IR Derived Star Formation Rates for 24 μm Emitting Members of J2215.9−1738 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-peculiar-velocity-distribution-of-j2215-9-1738-only-1rhfwbna.png Figure 4. Peculiar velocity distribution of J2215.9−1738. Only galaxies with reasonably secure (Q 2) redshifts are included. The shading distinguishes between the sample of 31 galaxies located at radial distance r < R200 (see Section 4.3), and the complete sample of 44 galaxies with 1.435 < z < 1.485. The dashed line shows a Gaussian with σ equal to the velocity dispersion estimated using galaxies within R200. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ssfr-vs-stellar-mass-m-for-the-five-24-mm-emitting-xu9p2a3d.png Figure 10. SSFR vs. stellar mass (M∗) for the five 24 μm emitting cluster members not classified as AGN plotted in Figure 9 (large points with error bars). The data from the 1.0 < z < 1.5 field sample of Santini et al. (2009) are also plotted for comparison (small points). Note that the values for the field sample have been scaled to a Chabrier (2003) IMF, as was used in deriving the values for the cluster galaxies. The 24 μm emitting cluster galaxies appear to follow a similar SSFR–M∗ relation to field galaxies at this redshift, though the error bars are large. The SFRs for the cluster galaxies, estimated from the 24 μm fluxes alone, may be overestimated (see the discussion in Section 6.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chandra-acis-s-image-of-j2215-9-1738-with-the-xmm-2bet23ac.png Figure 1. Chandra ACIS-S image of J2215.9−1738 with the XMM-Newton EPIC contours (Stanford et al. 2006) overlaid. The large circle marks the 30′′ radius extraction region used for the XMM-Newton spectroscopic analysis in both Stanford et al. (2006) and this work. The two unlabeled point sources to the northeast were previously known from the XMM-Newton observations and taken into account in the analysis presented in Stanford et al. (2006). The three previously unknown point sources which contaminated the original XMM detection are labeled PS1–3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-broadband-seds-of-the-six-24mm-emitting-cluster-24kp8k8z.png Figure 9. Broadband SEDs of the six 24μm emitting cluster members with available rest-frame optical photometry from Hilton et al. (2009) and IRAC photometry from this work (points). The best-fitting Bruzual & Charlot (2003) model is shown by the solid line. Note that the object with the highest χ2/ν value (J221600.38−173750.5) is likely to host an AGN based on its IR colors (Section 6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-galaxies-within-3000-km-s-1-rest-frame-of-the-q81vj52m.png Table 2 Galaxies within ±3000 km s−1 (Rest Frame) of the Recession Velocity Corresponding to the Redshift of J2215.9−1738 (z = 1.46) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-x-ray-point-sources-from-chandra-acis-225370li.png Table 1 Properties of X-ray Point Sources from Chandra ACIS-S Spectroscopy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-lx-t-2-64-i-e-assuming-the-slope-of-2k097xkl.png Figure 2. Comparison of LX/T 2.64 (i.e., assuming the slope of the Markevitch 1998 LX–T relation) for J2215.9−1738 (diamond point; the error bar is estimated using a bootstrap resampling technique) with the predicted evolution of the normalization of the LX–T relation for the cases of self-similarity (E(z)), cooling threshold (t0/[E(z)t(z)]), and altered similarity (t20 /[E(z) 3t(z)2]; see Voit 2005 for a description of these latter two models). The square points are the data of Maughan et al. (2006); vertical error bars are equal to the weighted standard deviation at each redshift, horizontal error bars indicate the width of each redshift bin. https://scispace.com/papers/the-zr-92-n-gamma-reaction-and-its-implications-for-stellar-15jnves2tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-the-92zr-sample-1i6kjllu.png TABLE I. Characteristics of the 92Zr sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-resonance-contributions-for-the-macs-at-2yav3idf.png FIG. 4. Relative resonance contributions for the MACS at characteristic thermal energies. Resonances that contribute more than 5% to the MACS are indicated by filled circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-ratio-between-g-values-obtained-in-the-present-1y6ajsy1.png FIG. 3. (a) Ratio between γ values obtained in the present measurement and those given by Boldeman et al. [8] as a function of resonance energy. The average value is indicated by the solid horizontal line. (b) Ratio between capture kernels obtained in the present measurement and those given by Boldeman et al. [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-present-macss-filled-circles-with-values-28gk28t6.png FIG. 5. Comparison of present MACSs (filled circles) with values from Refs. [4], [8], [30], and [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-capture-kernels-of-the-most-prominent-resonances-30lc4itt.png TABLE III. Capture kernels of the most prominent resonances and their relative contributions to the Maxwellian averaged cross sections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-capture-yield-black-and-overall-background-gray-in-the-hdqp0rh4.png FIG. 1. Capture yield (black) and overall background (gray) in the investigated energy range (1 keV < En < 40 keV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-fits-with-the-r-matrix-code-sammy-full-kx0q1xms.png FIG. 2. Examples of fits with the R-matrix code SAMMY (full lines). (a) The resonance at 4.2 keV, which turned out to be most important for calculation of the Maxwellian average. (b) The resonance at 6.8 keV, where the present results deviate significantly from the resonance parameters listed in Ref. [8] (dashed-dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/the-zurich-environmental-study-of-galaxies-in-groups-along-2v35odb8os 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-minimum-and-maximum-radii-in-units-22z7qvr6.png Figure 10. Distribution of minimum and maximum radii, in units of the global galaxy half-light radius, used to fit the azimuthally averaged color profiles derived from the Voronoi-tessellated color maps. The minimum radius rPSF is defined as the maximum between the B- and I-band PSF size. The inset shows the comparison between the minimum and maximum radius used for each galaxy (in units of the galaxy half-light radius). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-mass-completeness-derivation-gw6miyaa.png Figure 1. Illustration of the mass completeness derivation for galaxies of the three different spectral types defined in Section 5. The panels show galaxy stellar mass as a function of apparent B-band magnitude, separately for quenched, moderately star-forming, and strongly star-forming galaxies. Small gray dots are galaxy masses inferred from the ZEBRA+ best fits to the photometric data of ZENS galaxies; large black symbols (colored in the online version) show the stellar masses log(Mlim) = log(M)+0.4(bj−bj,lim) obtained by fading galaxies to the 2dFGRS limiting magnitude (red, green, and blue are respectively used for quenched, moderately star-forming, and strongly star-forming galaxies in the online version). The dashed horizontal lines mark the mass completeness limits, defined, separately for each spectral type, as the mass below which lie 85% of the Mlim for the 30% faintest galaxies of that given type (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distributions-of-galaxy-stellar-masses-for-central-20kp4aq5.png Figure 2. Distributions of galaxy stellar masses for central (filled gray histogram) and satellite galaxies (black hatched histogram), over the mass range spanned by the central population. Each histogram is normalized to its sum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-location-of-the-three-spectral-types-on-the-1s7j2wld.png Figure 7. Top: location of the three spectral types on the sSFR vs. galaxy stellar mass relation. Symbols and colors are as in Figure 5. The horizontal dashed and solid lines mark the inverse of the current age of the universe and 10 times the current age of the universe, respectively. The 31 galaxies with “enforced” star-forming SED templates discussed in the text are identified with magenta (empty) symbols. Galaxies plotted at a constant log10(sSFR/yr) = −14 are quenched systems for which the best-fit SED model resulted in very low star formation rates (SFR < 10−4 M yr−1). Middle: symbols in this panel correspond to different morphological types: ellipticals and S0s are shown with circles, pentagons are for bulge-dominated spiral galaxies, and intermediate/late-type disks are shown with spiral symbols; colors are as before. Bottom: (B− I ) color vs. galaxy stellar mass. Symbols and colors are as in the top panel of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-median-galaxy-stellar-mass-and-sfr-as-a-function-1uclz6st.png Figure 21. Median galaxy stellar mass and SFR as a function of ellipticity. Symbols with error bars are the median, in five ellipticity bins, for the global galaxy sample (stars, black in the online version), and for morphologically split samples of E/S0 galaxies (black, red in the online version), bulge-dominated spirals (dark gray, green in the online version), intermediate-type disks (gray, cyan in the online version), and late-type disks (empty circles, blue in the online version). Error bars show the 25th and 75th percentiles of the distributions. Ellipticities and morphological classes are taken from Paper II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-between-color-gradients-b-i-voronoi-2537xyrc.png Figure 12. Comparison between color gradients ∇(B − I )Voronoi derived from fits to the average color profiles obtained from the Voronoi-tessellated color maps and color gradients obtained from the analytical GIM2D Sérsic fits to the B- and I-band surface brightness profiles. ZENS galaxies are color-coded according to a number of observational diagnostics: from left to right, these are galaxy ellipticity, I-band magnitude, the maximum size between the B- and I-band PSF, and minimum radius used in the fits to the color profile. In the last panel the black points show the values of the Voronoi gradients before applying the empirical correction that takes into account the effect of masking the central rPSF region. The histograms on top of each panel show the distributions of differences between Voronoi and GIM2D gradients in the lowest (blue) and highest (red) bin of the given parameters. Dotted lines indicate the identity line. In the right-most panel, solid and dashed-dotted lines are the best fit to the corrected for central masking and uncorrected ∇(B − I )Voronoi measurements. Gray symbols identify “troublesome” galaxies with possible bright star contamination to their photometry or whose fits to the color profiles are restricted within 1.3 half-light radii or less. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-as-in-figure-12-but-for-the-b-i-r1-2-measurements-34u6yh8m.png Figure 13. As in Figure 12, but for the (B − I )r1/2 measurements. The dotted and solid lines show the identity line and the fit to the points, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-galaxy-stellar-masses-derived-11akzqmp.png Figure 3. Comparison between galaxy stellar masses derived from the SED fits to the galaxies photometric data and galaxy stellar masses obtained by summing up the separate contributions of their bulges and disks. Bulge and disk stellar masses are inferred from the GIM2D bulge+disk decompositions of Paper II, using the (B − I ) colors of these components as proxies for their M/L values ((B − I ) colors from the single Sérsic fits are used for elliptical galaxies). Elliptical galaxies are shown in black (red in the online version), and singleexponential (i.e., “pure”) disk galaxies in dark gray (blue in the online version); galaxies with both a bulge and a disk component are shown in gray (black in the online version). The two mass estimates show a very good agreement within a scatter of σ = 0.22 dex. https://scispace.com/papers/themes-of-agency-and-communion-and-rehabilitation-from-3masuvws0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-showing-the-sequence-of-laaf-prompts-1rrxhy9l.png Table 1, showing the sequence of LAAF prompts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-showing-descriptive-data-between-groups-mp8u52v4.png Table 2: showing descriptive data between groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatterplot-showing-the-relationship-between-agency-3pe8h65c.png Figure 1. Scatterplot showing the relationship between agency and communion themes in LAAF narratives and recovery scores https://scispace.com/papers/the-zurich-environmental-study-of-galaxies-in-groups-along-36omd95hex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-mass-completeness-derivation-30ut73mr.png Figure 1. Illustration of the mass completeness derivation for galaxies of the three different spectral types defined in Section 5. The panels show galaxy stellar mass as a function of apparent B-band magnitude, separately for quenched, moderately star-forming, and strongly star-forming galaxies. Small gray dots are galaxy masses inferred from the ZEBRA+ best fits to the photometric data of ZENS galaxies; large black symbols (colored in the online version) show the stellar masses log(Mlim) = log(M)+0.4(bj−bj,lim) obtained by fading galaxies to the 2dFGRS limiting magnitude (red, green, and blue are respectively used for quenched, moderately star-forming, and strongly star-forming galaxies in the online version). The dashed horizontal lines mark the mass completeness limits, defined, separately for each spectral type, as the mass below which lie 85% of the Mlim for the 30% faintest galaxies of that given type (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distributions-of-galaxy-stellar-masses-for-central-3ovbx8n5.png Figure 2. Distributions of galaxy stellar masses for central (filled gray histogram) and satellite galaxies (black hatched histogram), over the mass range spanned by the central population. Each histogram is normalized to its sum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-location-of-the-three-spectral-types-on-the-2zqp6e5x.png Figure 7. Top: location of the three spectral types on the sSFR vs. galaxy stellar mass relation. Symbols and colors are as in Figure 5. The horizontal dashed and solid lines mark the inverse of the current age of the universe and 10 times the current age of the universe, respectively. The 31 galaxies with “enforced” star-forming SED templates discussed in the text are identified with magenta (empty) symbols. Galaxies plotted at a constant log10(sSFR/yr) = −14 are quenched systems for which the best-fit SED model resulted in very low star formation rates (SFR < 10−4 M yr−1). Middle: symbols in this panel correspond to different morphological types: ellipticals and S0s are shown with circles, pentagons are for bulge-dominated spiral galaxies, and intermediate/late-type disks are shown with spiral symbols; colors are as before. Bottom: (B− I ) color vs. galaxy stellar mass. Symbols and colors are as in the top panel of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-median-galaxy-stellar-mass-and-sfr-as-a-function-99hys009.png Figure 21. Median galaxy stellar mass and SFR as a function of ellipticity. Symbols with error bars are the median, in five ellipticity bins, for the global galaxy sample (stars, black in the online version), and for morphologically split samples of E/S0 galaxies (black, red in the online version), bulge-dominated spirals (dark gray, green in the online version), intermediate-type disks (gray, cyan in the online version), and late-type disks (empty circles, blue in the online version). Error bars show the 25th and 75th percentiles of the distributions. Ellipticities and morphological classes are taken from Paper II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-between-color-gradients-b-i-voronoi-2270lrrd.png Figure 12. Comparison between color gradients ∇(B − I )Voronoi derived from fits to the average color profiles obtained from the Voronoi-tessellated color maps and color gradients obtained from the analytical GIM2D Sérsic fits to the B- and I-band surface brightness profiles. ZENS galaxies are color-coded according to a number of observational diagnostics: from left to right, these are galaxy ellipticity, I-band magnitude, the maximum size between the B- and I-band PSF, and minimum radius used in the fits to the color profile. In the last panel the black points show the values of the Voronoi gradients before applying the empirical correction that takes into account the effect of masking the central rPSF region. The histograms on top of each panel show the distributions of differences between Voronoi and GIM2D gradients in the lowest (blue) and highest (red) bin of the given parameters. Dotted lines indicate the identity line. In the right-most panel, solid and dashed-dotted lines are the best fit to the corrected for central masking and uncorrected ∇(B − I )Voronoi measurements. Gray symbols identify “troublesome” galaxies with possible bright star contamination to their photometry or whose fits to the color profiles are restricted within 1.3 half-light radii or less. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-as-in-figure-12-but-for-the-b-i-r1-2-measurements-1yohoac6.png Figure 13. As in Figure 12, but for the (B − I )r1/2 measurements. The dotted and solid lines show the identity line and the fit to the points, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-galaxy-stellar-masses-derived-24sceg8j.png Figure 3. Comparison between galaxy stellar masses derived from the SED fits to the galaxies photometric data and galaxy stellar masses obtained by summing up the separate contributions of their bulges and disks. Bulge and disk stellar masses are inferred from the GIM2D bulge+disk decompositions of Paper II, using the (B − I ) colors of these components as proxies for their M/L values ((B − I ) colors from the single Sérsic fits are used for elliptical galaxies). Elliptical galaxies are shown in black (red in the online version), and singleexponential (i.e., “pure”) disk galaxies in dark gray (blue in the online version); galaxies with both a bulge and a disk component are shown in gray (black in the online version). The two mass estimates show a very good agreement within a scatter of σ = 0.22 dex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-morphological-mix-for-the-three-spectral-classes-in-sjxfs11q.png Table 3 Morphological Mix for the Three Spectral Classes in the ZENS Sample https://scispace.com/papers/themis-economy-based-automatic-resource-scaling-for-cloud-1fiam32j2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generic-scaling-policies-2xo0hael.png Fig. 3: Generic scaling policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specific-derived-policies-10xzp195.png Fig. 4: Specific derived policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-application-execution-statistics-196o6pjp.png Fig. 5: Application execution statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-overview-3acg10ly.png Fig. 1: System overview. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vm-placement-algorithm-353tpv6l.png Fig. 2: VM placement algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-application-elastic-scaling-3psody1g.png Fig. 6: Application elastic scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-information-used-by-the-generic-scaling-policies-2zb6yuq9.png TABLE I: Information used by the generic scaling policies. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-experimental-bubble-formation-at-a-single-45uhbnxb69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-equivalent-bubble-diameter-d-as-a-function-of-the-3gulold8.png Fig. 11. Equivalent bubble diameter D, as a function of the orifice velocity U, https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-prediction-of-morphological-selection-in-3nt530amx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparisons-of-the-analytical-prediction-12-solid-1h3h161r.png FIG. 5. Comparisons of the analytical prediction (12) [solid (black)] and numerical computations [dotted (blue)] of radial equilibria for dimension d = 2. (a) = 1.25 × 10−2; (b) = 3.125 × 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparisons-of-the-analytical-prediction-12-solid-2o24ci10.png FIG. 6. Comparisons of the analytical prediction (12) [solid (black)] and numerical computations [dotted (blue)] of radial equilibria for dimension d = 3. (a) = 1.25 × 10−2; (b) = 3.125 × 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-region-of-instability-for-spherical-micelles-in-terms-pumejjxe.png FIG. 12. Region of instability for spherical micelles in terms of the spherical harmonic index l and the dimensionless surface tension . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-regions-of-stability-for-spherical-and-cylindrical-1ga3fmoc.png FIG. 13. Regions of stability for spherical and cylindrical micelles, and spherical vesicles. These regions overlap, indicating the possibility of coexistence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-regions-used-in-asymptotic-expansion-of-vesicle-type-32kpt600.png FIG. 7. Regions used in asymptotic expansion of vesicle-type solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-regions-of-instability-of-cylindrical-micelles-here-ayco50fn.png FIG. 11. Regions of instability of cylindrical micelles. Here is the dimensionless surface tension, q the reduced wave number, and n is the azimuthal mode. Two types of axisymmetric instabilities are identified (a), a small wavelength pearling instability and a large wavelength Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The n = 1 mode (b) reveals an undulational long wavelength instability. For small , there is also a flattening instability (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-families-of-1wz863tl.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the families of amphiphilic structures considered in this paper. The A,B, S regions are where there is a preponderance of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and solvent species, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparisons-of-the-analytical-prediction-solid-black-1082njbx.png FIG. 8. Comparisons of the analytical prediction [solid (black)] and numerical computations of vesicle equilibria for dimension d = 2 (left) and d = 3 (right). The [dashed (red)] curves were computed using = 5 × 10−2 and the [dash-dotted (blue)] curves were computed using = 1.25 × 10−3. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-of-the-bridging-in-b-halo-ethyl-49x6nlljcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scbematic-representation-of-a-symmetrically-bridged-1tbwtvre.png Fig. 1. Scbematic representation of a symmetrically bridged radical and its corresponding potential energy sudace for the shuttling motion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-calculated-contour-plots-for-brc-2h4-in-the-shuttling-4ejwp55d.png Fig. 7. Calculated contour plots for BrC 2H4 in the shuttling region between the two carbons. All parameters are close to being optimized for each pair of RM, 9M values. The minimum energy path is also indicated. The contour lines correspond to 0, 1 and 2 kcal mol-1 binding as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimated-energy-path-for-the-shuttling-motion-of-2qjlmm5r.png Fig. 8. Estimated energy path for the shuttling motion of BrC2H4 • https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-study-on-the-effects-of-dislocations-in-rql1d0ald4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-qw-and-b-qd-ground-state-carrier-density-of-2x500-m2-an7gpcpx.png Fig. 2. (a) QW and (b) QD ground state carrier density of 2×500 m2 high-reflection (HR) coated/as-cleaved lasers at ~2Ith against the longitudinal position in the presence of ten dislocations in comparison with the carrier density level without dislocations at the same optical output power level (dotted line). For the QD active region, the effect of dislocations propagating through the BL and WL into the dots is neglected due to the typically very small percentage of affected dots. (c) Carrier density in the QD BL, WL, excited state, and ground state (at the same current as Fig. 2 (b)) against the longitudinal position in relation to the dislocation-free threshold level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-threshold-currents-and-b-slope-efficiencies-30otxwvd.png Fig. 5. (a) Threshold currents and (b) slope efficiencies extracted from Figs. 4(a) and (b) against the dislocation density. The QW laser characteristics at their original diffusion length of 10 m are additionally compared to simulations performed at 𝑳𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇 𝑸𝑾,𝑩𝑳 = 1 m, 5 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-threshold-current-density-against-dislocation-density-2go1vijr.png Fig. 1. Threshold current density against dislocation density of 1.3 m InAs/GaAs QD lasers by substrate type [9], [16]-[19]. Results are shown for conventional Fabry-Pérot-type devices operating at room temperature from publications with stated dislocation density. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-the-used-simulation-parameters-and-1qe6qpmc.png TABLE I OVERVIEW OF THE USED SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND VARIABLES. COMMON PARAMETERS FOR QW AND QD SIMULATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-li-curves-of-an-hr-coated-as-cleaved-2x500-1xga74y0.png Fig. 4. Simulated LI curves of an HR-coated/as-cleaved 2×500 m2 (a) QD and (b) QW laser for various dislocation densities dis using the parameters shown in Table I. (c) Inset of the forward propagating photon density in a QW laser versus the longitudinal position for two different diffusion lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-insets-of-the-a-qw-and-b-qd-gain-profile-around-a-3fvojqsx.png Fig. 3. Insets of the (a) QW and (b) QD gain profile around a dislocation in comparison with the gain profile without dislocations at the same power level (dotted line). The effect of the 10 m-long diffusion length can clearly be seen. Fig. 3(a) illustrates the saturation of defect states with rising injection level (~2Ith in light grey, ~4Ith at dark grey). The gain dips in Fig. 3(b) result from locally reduced BL and WL carrier densities, as shown in Fig. 2(c). Note the different y axis scales for the QD and QW gain. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-guided-exploration-with-structural-equation-model-4hh6tztfid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-10-variable-importance-estimates-for-an-dnoyv5ad.png Figure 4. Top 10 variable importance estimates for an episodic memory factor in the BASE-II study plotted on a log-scale. From most important to least important: Age group (young/old), work satisfaction (11-point scale), relocation (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), physical limitations in day-today work, education (in years), diabetes (yes/no), arthrosis (yes/no), being in a relationship (yes/no), back pain (yes/no). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-group-wise-predictor-means-on-a-z-scale-for-two-1pv4il6p.png Figure 3. Group-wise predictor means on a z-scale for two groups derived by k-medoids clustering of the proximity matrix. Categorical variables marital status and geographic region (direction) are represented in dummy coding. See the online article for the color version of this figure. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-storage-inventory-and-volatility-in-the-lme-base-4e0fbkl5n3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spearman-rank-correlations-between-volatility-and-1t4889t2.png Table 5 – Spearman Rank Correlations between volatility and inventory in tonnes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interest-and-storage-adjusted-spread-spot-to-3-3hleeits.png Figure 6 – Interest and Storage Adjusted Spread (spot to 3 month future) vs. Inventory https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-lme-warehouse-daily-storage-cost-2011-us-per-9vuq7qcr.png Table 1 : Average LME Warehouse Daily Storage cost, 2011 ($US Per Tonne Per Day) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearman-rank-correlations-between-interest-and-17r5ztgi.png Table 4 – Spearman Rank Correlations between Interest- and Storage-Adjusted Spread and Inventory, using different numéraire for inventory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extreme-backwardation-in-the-crude-oil-market-2007-vfp3my9r.png Figure 1 – extreme backwardation in the crude oil market, 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spot-volatility-vs-inventory-2invn4tq.png Figure 7 – Spot Volatility vs. Inventory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-chicago-july-september-spread-um33t8pw.png Figure 2 - Relationship between Chicago July-September Spread in June and United States Wheat Stocks on July 1 (from Working(1933)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-excess-volatility-vs-inventory-1xpqbdfv.png Figure 8 – Excess Volatility vs. Inventory https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-attosecond-delays-in-molecular-photoionization-46ht0yrxsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-one-solid-lines-and-two-photon-37nootzb.png FIG. 8. Comparison of one- (solid lines) and two-photon-ionization (dashed lines) delays for the two investigated systems ((a) X̃ 1Σ+ N2O→ Ã+ 2Σ+ N2O+, and (b) X̃ 1A1 H2O→ Ã+ 2A1 H2O+) after averaging over both photoemission direction and molecular orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-definition-of-the-coordinate-systems-molecular-frame-1i6g9f4l.png FIG. 1. Definition of the coordinate systems (molecular frame, MF, and laboratory frame, LF), the set of Euler angles R̂γ = (α, β, γ) transforming the MF into the LF and the angles (θκ, φκ) defining photoemission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-photon-ionization-delays-tmol-as-defined-by-eq-25-2cwjei42.png FIG. 5. Two-photon-ionization delays (τmol, as defined by eq. (25)) of N2O to the A + 2Σ+ state of N2O +, given in the molecular frame. a) XUV and IR polarizations are both parallel to the molecular axis, b) XUV and IR polarizations are both perpendicular to the molecular axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-photon-ionization-delays-tmol-as-defined-by-eq-25-2yffdk0r.png FIG. 6. Two-photon-ionization delays (τmol, as defined by eq. (25)) of H2O to the à + 2A1 state of H2O +, given in the molecular frame. a) XUV and IR polarizations are both parallel to the molecular axis, b) XUV and IR polarizations are both perpendicular to the molecular axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-delays-in-the-one-photon-ionization-of-h2o-to-the-a-fr3h03im.png FIG. 3. Delays in the one-photon ionization of H2O to the à + 2A1 state of H2O +, given in the molecular frame. a) XUV polarization parallel to the principal axis, b) XUV polarization perpendicular to the principal axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-one-a-and-two-photon-ionization-delays-b-6igdys3z.png FIG. 7. Comparison of one- (a) and two-photon-ionization delays (b) for selected molecular orientations (β given in the legend) for the case of X̃ 1Σ+ N2O → Ã+ 2Σ+ N2O+ after averaging over the photoemission direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-photoemission-angle-resolved-one-photon-277ne0b0.png FIG. 4. a) Photoemission-angle-resolved one-photon photoionization delays of N2O to the A + 2Σ+state of N2O +, averaged over the molecular orientations according to eq. (6). b) Orientationresolved one-photon-ionization delays for the same system, averaged over the photoemission direction and reported as a function of the Euler angle β. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-delays-in-the-one-photon-ionization-of-n2o-to-the-a-2s-1oe3sf0g.png FIG. 2. Delays in the one-photon ionization of N2O to the à + 2Σ+ state of N2O +, given in the molecular frame. a) XUV polarization parallel to the molecular axis, b) XUV polarization perpendicular to the molecular axis. https://scispace.com/papers/theory-of-the-magnetic-response-in-finite-two-dimensional-1208q1v6bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-current-flow-in-a-finite-2d-superconductor-with-3cpsg50f.png FIG. 3. The current flow in a finite 2D superconductor with SOC when the field is applied in the x direction. The green arrows represent the edge contributions to the anomalous current. The color scale shows the decay of the current amplitude away from the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spin-density-panels-a-and-c-and-charge-current-density-2y7r7xid.png FIG. 2. Spin density [panels (a) and (c)], and charge current density [panels (b) and (d)], induced by an in-plane (a), (b) and out-of plane (c), (d) field, for αξ0 = 0.2, L = 10ξ0. The middle panels show schematically the corresponding bulk (red arrows) and edge currents (green arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-description-of-the-magnetic-response-in-1jhoo1bg.png FIG. 1. Schematic description of the magnetic response in finitesize superconductors in the presence of an in-plane field B. (a) Black arrows represent the deviation of the spin density, δS, from the Pauli spin. Because of the SOC and the finite size of the sample a transverse component of δS is generated. (b) The spin-charge coupling due to the SOC induces bulk (red arrows) and edge (green arrows) charge supercurrents. (c) Due to the finite size of the sample the edge currents flow in close loops (blue), inducing an out-of-plane angular momentum (black arrows). https://scispace.com/papers/therapy-of-hiv-infection-current-approaches-and-prospects-4y6dogvgpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-other-inhibitors-of-the-hiv-life-cycle-20y43tv6.png Fig. 5. Other inhibitors of the HIV life cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-life-cycle-a-and-genome-structure-b-of-hiv-yjyy9etv.png Fig. 1. The life cycle (A) and genome structure (B) of HIV- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drug-combinations-cocktails-used-in-complex-29hs81ur.png Table 2. Drug combinations (cocktails) used in complex treatment of a HIV infection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nucleoside-and-nucleotide-hiv-1-reverse-transcriptase-23o31a3e.png Fig. 2. Nucleoside and nucleotide HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The numbering corresponds to that of https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anti-hiv-drugs-approved-for-use-3o9yayta.png Table 1. Anti-HIV drugs approved for use* https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hiv-1-protease-inhibitors-2r6or31k.png Fig. 4. HIV-1 protease inhibitors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-nucleoside-hiv-1-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors-1tyiuaky.png Fig. 3. Non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-mechanical-stabilities-of-core-shell-v100zd847v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-compression-process-of-a-thick-walled-spherical-3gmem2er.png Figure 1. Compression process of a thick-walled spherical core-shell particle: (a) Initial state; 111 (b) Deformed state. 112 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-illustration-of-the-flow-focusing-dlio1pw4.png Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the flow focusing microfluidic device used for the 212 generation of liquid core-shell microparticles. 213 The TMPTMA was prepared by mixing ethyl- 4(dimethylamino)benzoate (0.06 g), 214 camphorquinone (0.05 g), and TMPTMA (10 g) using mechanical stirred at 600 rpm for 1 hr 215 [40]. Distilled water with glycerol (50% v/v) was used as the outer liquid phase at the second 216 junction. The core-shell droplets generated were then transferred through the channel to the 217 third junction and were collected at the outlet. The flow rates of all fluids were controlled using 218 syringe pumps. The flow rate of TMPTMA was kept constant at 150 μL hr⁄ . The flow rates of 219 HFE7500 oil were set at 60, 100 and 140 μL hr⁄ at the first junction to achieve core-shell 220 particles with shell to outer radius rations of 0.41, 0.33 and 0.21, respectively. The flow rates 221 of glycerol were fixed at 800 and 3,000 μL hr⁄ at the second and third junctions, respectively. 222 The formation of core-shell droplets in the PDMS device was monitored using an inverted 223 microscope (Nikon, Eclipse Ti) connected to a computer. 224 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-force-versus-displacement-characteristics-of-core-2ndi2o61.png Figure 5. Force versus displacement characteristics of core-shell particles with different shell 285 thickness to outer radius ratios h/b of 0.41, 0.33, and 0.21. 286 Figure 5 shows the force-displacement characteristics of these three particle geometries till 287 rupture. The data were fitted into equation (2) with A= 0.022 and B= 0.034 and show an 288 excellent agreement across all three geometries. The slight deviation of experimental data from 289 the theoretical curve might be caused by asymmetry of the core liquid in the shell, as observed 290 with X-ray images, Figure 6(b). The average asymmetry is about 25% in the x-y plane. Once 291 the top plate touched the particle and compressed it, the force started to increase until reaching 292 the critical displacement of rupture. The liquid contained in the shell causes it to bulge outwards 293 and prevent the shell to buckle at the critical displacement. Subsequently, at a displacement 294 beyond the critical rupture value, the liquid escapes and the force sharply dropped. Eventually, 295 as the shell gets entirely compressed and the plate hits the weighing pan surface, the force again 296 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-core-shell-particles-subjected-to-heating-at-3f648ua4.png Figure 8. (a) Core-shell particles subjected to heating at elevated temperatures ranging from 340 25° C to 285° C; (b) Critical rupture temperature as function of h/b ratio. 341 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-the-experimental-setups-for-1nrb142p.png Figure 4. Schematic of the experimental setups for investigations for: (a) the thermal behaviour 248 and (b) mechanical behaviour of core-shell microparticles with liquid core. 249 250 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-of-the-process-through-which-a-liquid-1ujmmbmg.png Figure 2. (a) Schematic of the process through which a liquid core-shell particle undergoes 156 heat-induced change; (b) Model of a thick-walled spherical core-shell particle representing 157 internal pressure and induced stress [37]. 158 159 For a single-phase oil core encapsulated in a solid shell, the volume V, the absolute temperature 160 T, and pressure P are interdependent quantities. The relationships between V, T, and P can be 161 generally described by an equation of state [38]: 162 f (P, V, T) =0 (4) 163 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-images-of-core-shell-microparticles-used-in-the-5dmpwxp3.png Figure 6. Images of core-shell microparticles used in the experiments: (a) Light microscopy; 306 (b) X-ray computed microtomography. The shell thickness to outer radius ratios are 0.4, 0.33, 307 and 0.21. Scale bars represent 100 µm. 308 309 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-in-situ-x-ray-diffraction-analysis-of-a-dbudva9rmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crystallographic-data-for-dimorphs-of-1-1-caffeine-2xfgdpjl.png Table 2. Crystallographic Data for Dimorphs of 1:1 Caffeine-Glutaric Acid. 181 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-physical-properties-of-caffeine-glutaric-acid-hnd2xo43.png Table 4. Physical Properties of Caffeine-Glutaric Acid Polymorphs, Forms I and II. 370 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photomicrographs-of-1-1-caffeine-glutaric-acid-co-2aybea1c.png Figure 4. Photomicrographs of 1:1 caffeine-glutaric acid co-crystal polymorphic forms, (a) Form 234 II and (b) Form I, respectively extracted from the HSM experiments. 235 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reitveld-refinement-shows-the-conversion-of-form-i-1par3p9i.png Figure 8. Reitveld refinement shows the conversion of Form I CA-GA co-crystal to caffeine 306 occurred between 0-3 min of holding time at 98 C. 307 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-amorphous-content-during-melting-2dskwjvh.png Figure 9. Evolution of amorphous content during melting process. 310 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-variable-temperature-x-ray-diffraction-of-caffeine-hnqsz3xq.png Figure 10. Variable temperature X-ray diffraction of caffeine-glutaric acid Form I. No phase 318 change was observed during heating ramp from 25 C to 95 C at 1 C/min heating rate. 319 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-outcome-of-liquid-assisted-grinding-of-a-1-1-13cfw9fr.png Table 1. The Outcome of Liquid Assisted Grinding of a 1:1 Molar Ratio of Caffeine and 165 Glutaric Acid with Various Solvents. 166 167 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dsc-trace-for-ca-ga-polymorphic-forms-forms-i-and-1vhzyrat.png Figure 3. DSC trace for CA-GA polymorphic forms, Forms I and II. The inset view of Form II 217 suggests that with Tonset at 78.6 C (6.7 J g 1 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-blocking-of-preheating-3ycgbw3k05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-position-of-the-resonance-peaks-as-a-function-24n94mhs.png Figure 2: The position of the resonance peaks as a function of the corresponding effective (LO) mass, as a function of temperature T (left) and coupling h (right). Left: Black circles (top) show only the effect of Higgs self-interaction; red squares (bottom) also includes the LO mass; dashed line is explained in the text. Right: The dashed line here is the result including only self interaction; points include the LO mass, with fixed T 2 = 2 for the Higgs field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-particle-number-after-preheating-at-t-1000m-1s-4307i2bn.png Figure 1: The particle number after preheating at t = 1000m−1σ , corresponding to approximately 160 inflaton oscillations. Notice the logarithmic scale. Inset is the energy in the preheated field(s). The Higgs field is self-interacting and coupled to the “by-hand” inflaton, but has no coupling to any other fields. Shown without an additional mass (left), and with a mass of M2 = 0.5m2σ (right). Note how the additional mass shifts the resonance peak to smaller |k|2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-the-position-of-the-resonance-peak-when-1qz4aafn.png Figure 4: Shows the position of the resonance peak when varying h, as a function of the corresponding effective (LO) mass (again through (2.19)). Dashed line: Self-interactions only. Filled symbols (bottom): Self-interactions plus effective mass. Open symbols (top): Full dynamical light fields with Nf = 1. Shaded symbols (middle): Full dynamical light fields with Nf = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-position-of-the-resonance-peak-when-2aghpusy.png Figure 3: Shows the position of the resonance peak when varying T , against the corresponding effective (LO) mass (2.19). Filled symbols: Self-interactions only (circles; top) and self-interactions plus LO effective mass (squares; bottom). Open symbols (second from top): Full dynamical light fields with Nf = 1. Shaded symbols: Full dynamical light fields with Nf = 6. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-carrier-emission-and-nonradiative-recombinations-in-300for86c5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-effective-qw-squares-and-barrier-circles-130a6p2k.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Effective QW (squares) and barrier (circles) carrier temperature with respect to the lattice temperature for sample N2, obtained from the analysis of QW and AlxGa1 xN high-energy side of PL spectra. Above 200 K, QW and AlxGa1 xN carriers effective temperatures are identical, evidencing full thermalization of both exciton populations. The arrow points the temperature Tth above which AlxGa1 xN barriers and QW carrier populations are fully thermalized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-experimental-time-integrated-intensity-ci06fqyr.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Experimental time-integrated intensity ratio between barrier and QW emissions plotted against (1/T) for samples N2, N3 and N4 (squares, circles and triangles). Arrows shows the temperature Tth above which full thermalization is achieved between QW and AlxGa1 xN barriers. Dashed lines are the calculated ratio between AlxGa1 xN and QW emission intensities versus the inverse of temperature using Eq. (10) and the parameters gathered in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-qw-localization-energy-eloc-calculated-when-2jjmko8d.png TABLE II. QW localization energy Eloc calculated when accounting for a one-monolayer fluctuation of the QW width. Calculated QW and barrier exciton binding energies (EB,QW and EB,AlGaN, respectively), energy differences DEe (DEh) between barrier conduction (valence) band and ground-state energy of the QW, and total electron-hole confinement energies DEth. The temperatures Tth above which barrier and QW excitons are thermalized are obtained from the procedure shown in Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-effective-seff-whksz7xk.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Temperature-dependence of effective (seff), radiative (sr) and nonradiative (snr) decay times (squares, circles and triangles, resp.) for a 190 nm thick Al0.06Ga0.94 N layer (sample N5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-time-integrated-spectra-at-10-k-for-2-4-19f72gg3.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Time-integrated spectra at 10 K for 2, 4, and 7 nm thick Al0.06Ga0.94 N/GaN QWs (from top to bottom). Spectra have been shifted vertically for clarity. Gray lines are guides for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-qw-width-lqw-and-alxga1-xn-barrier-al-content-x-of-1wt2rm5s.png TABLE I. QW width LQW and AlxGa1 xN barrier Al content x of the investigated samples. The emission properties of the different samples at 10 K are also given: E10K, d, Eloc, and sloc stand, respectively, for the QW emission energy, the QW emission full width at half maximum, the exciton localization energy, and the localized QW exciton PL lifetime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-experimental-decay-rates-1-s10k-at-10-k-1fj78mfk.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Experimental decay rates 1/s10K at 10 K for excitons localized along nonpolar AlxGa1 xN/GaN QWs with respect to the QW width. Solid lines are guides for the eye. Squares: this work, a-plane Al0.06Ga0.94 N/GaN and Al0.12Ga0.88 N/GaN QWs (full and open squares, respectively) grown on bulk GaN. Triangles and circles: a-plane AlxGa1 xN/ GaN QWs grown on ELO-GaN (Refs. 11 and 20). Diamonds: a-plane Al0.18Ga0.82 N/GaN grown on sapphire (Ref. 19). Inverted triangles: m-plane Al0.1Ga0.9 N/GaN QWs grown on c-LiAlO2 (Ref. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-time-integrated-spectra-for-2-nm-thick-8hvr5nwm.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Time-integrated spectra for 2 nm thick Al0.06Ga0.94 N/GaN QWs (sample N2) between 10 and 320 K. Spectra have been shifted vertically for clarity. For T> 200 K, the high-energy slopes of these semi-logarithmic plots of PL spectra for the QWs and for the barrier are the same, indicating that the exciton populations of wells and barriers are thermalized. “QW” and “QWþ 1 ml” refer to the emission from free and localized QW excitons, respectively. (b) QW PL peak energy vs T for samples N1 to N4 (squares, triangles, diamonds, and stars, respectively). Lines are the result of Varshni fits to the higher-T dependence of the QW emission energy for samples N2 to N4, yielding the localization energy of excitons in these QWs. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-comfort-perceived-air-quality-and-cognitive-4vejjftkdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-using-fans-on-all-four-cognitive-tests-2ddxbey0.png Table 5 Effects of using fans on all four cognitive tests and their constructs for the two temperature settings (26 °C and 29 °C)a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-freshness-of-the-air-the-air-is-answer-in-a-2tspkbiv.png Fig 4 (A) Freshness of the air (“The air is…?” answer in a continuous scale from fresh to stuffy) and (B) perceived air quality acceptability for the five tested conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rated-irritation-for-the-five-tested-conditions-for-a-1xr092nu.png Fig 7 Rated irritation for the five tested conditions for (A) eyes, (B) nose and (C) throat. In blue are highlighted the cases with fans. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anthropometric-data-mean-standard-deviation-of-human-2ubxaeuo.png Table 2 Anthropometric data (mean ± standard deviation) of human subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-overall-thermal-comfort-and-b-thermal-preference-ahg9voa6.png Fig 3 (A) Overall thermal comfort and (B) thermal preference (“Currently, you would prefer to be…”) for the five tested conditions. In blue are highlighted the cases with fans. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-humidity-sensation-and-b-humidity-acceptability-for-3qspf91r.png Fig 6 (A) Humidity sensation and (B) humidity acceptability for the five tested conditions. In blue are highlighted the cases with fans. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-air-movement-perception-b-air-movement-acceptability-2a3mewmy.png Fig 5 (A) Air movement perception; (B) air movement acceptability; (C) dry eyes comfort; and (D) air movement preference for the five tested conditions. In blue are highlighted the cases with fans. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-measured-co2-concentrations-and-inferred-3boqphpe.png Table 3 Summary of measured CO2 concentrations and inferred ventilation rates https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-curing-of-mesophase-pitch-an-alternative-to-3zmqv9g84r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aromaticity-indices-of-matrix-precursors-12c17wtg.png Table 3.- Aromaticity indices of matrix precursors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-matrix-lost-and-porosity-of-materials-cured-at-11j8m9w0.png Table 2.- Matrix lost and porosity of materials cured at different conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrix-lost-and-porosity-obtained-by-thermal-curing-3goe7301.png Table 1.- Matrix lost and porosity obtained by thermal curing at 400°C. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-degradation-of-random-copolyesters-based-on-1-4-3bm2s3lani 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-molecular-weight-polydispersity-index-2t6qq4am.png Table 1. Composition, molecular weight, polydispersity index, block lengths and degree of randomness of synthesized copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-activation-energies-and-correlation-coefficients-2k0nmjm4.png Table 5. Activation energies and correlation coefficients obtained by the Coats-Redfern method for the main degradation step of PBAdT-50 (10 ºC/min) and PBSeT-50 (10 ºC/min) copolymers. BAdT-50 and PBSeT-50 (10 ºC/min) copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kinetic-parameters-determined-for-the-studied-syk7nzw7.png Table 4. Kinetic parameters determined for the studied copolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-activation-energies-and-correlation-coefficients-for-1mqa9fpq.png Table 3. Activation energies and correlation coefficients for the main degradation step of PBST70 considering the different kinetic obtained and applying the Coats–Redfern method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-degradation-data-of-synthesized-copolymers-lfjxgfdf.png Table 2. Thermal degradation data of synthesized copolymers at different heating rates. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-development-of-latent-fingermarks-on-porous-surfaces-hmk2qxxah4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-fluorescence-emission-spectra-480-nm-excitation-of-uzn6n0l1.png Fig. 21. Fluorescence emission spectra (480 nm excitation) of heated, NaCl-treated paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-photographs-of-fingermarks-developed-with-the-thermal-11zd2b0c.png Fig. 10. Photographs of fingermarks developed with the thermal technique on old examination pages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fingermarks-donor-4-developed-on-unpolished-wood-to-39lpv04r.png Fig. 11. Fingermarks (donor 4) developed on unpolished wood to fluorescent stage (top), and the visible stage, observed under white light (middle) and UV illumination (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fluorescent-left-white-light-middle-and-uv-right-166d3mpc.png Fig. 3. Fluorescent (left), white light (middle) and UV (right) visualisation of fingermarks (donor 4) at different stages of development with hair straightener. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photographs-of-fluorescent-samples-from-two-donors-top-4w2cc5p1.png Fig. 5. Photographs of fluorescent samples from two donors (top: donor 4; bottom: donor 3) both developed for 2 seconds in air (left half) and nitrogen (right half). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-fingermarks-donor-4-deposited-over-laser-printed-text-217u5efi.png Fig. 16. Fingermarks (donor 4) deposited over laser-printed text developed to the fluorescent stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-photographed-under-uv-illumination-a-fingermark-donor-2eeo03cs.png Fig. 14. Photographed under UV illumination: a fingermark (donor 5) developed on the nonsticky side (left) and the sticky-side (right) of the glue stripe on a white envelope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-fingermark-donor-5-developed-to-the-fluorescent-stage-mvghhgzo.png Fig. 15. Fingermark (donor 5) developed to the fluorescent stage on brown paper. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-expansion-coefficients-of-graphite-crystals-14zd7pj8f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specif-ic-heat-of-graphite-i-n-un-i-t-s-of-ca-lo-r-5htfms39.png TABLE I Specif ic Heat of Graphite ( i n un i t s of ca lo r ies /moF) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ra-t-i-os-o-f-e-l-a-s-t-i-c-modul-i-t-o-vo-lume-t-r-zzh4i4jj.png TABLE 3 Ra t i os o f E l a s t i c Modul i t o Vo lume t r i c C o m p r e s s i b i l i t y https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-expansion-of-liquid-ti-6al-4v-measured-by-63xvg43kld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-of-ti64-vs-the-temperature-for-both-solid-and-31xspvtg.png FIG. 2. Density of Ti64 vs the temperature for both solid and liquid phases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-radiative-cooling-curve-and-the-specific-37efs2j9.png FIG. 1. Color online Radiative cooling curve and the specific volume of Ti64 that were measured simultaneously. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-power-plant-cooperation-with-wind-turbines-ivgfy3hpr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electricity-generation-histogram-in-2006-at-the-pakri-262aoahy.png Fig. 2. Electricity generation histogram in 2006 at the Pakri Wind Park. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-annual-electricity-generation-and-emission-of-the-gas-lhv4yimh.png Fig. 5. Annual electricity generation and emission of the gas engine power plant depending on the forecast error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electricity-generation-per-hour-by-the-pakri-wind-park-3f4u5bt9.png Fig. 1. Electricity generation per hour by the Pakri Wind Park in December 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gas-engine-power-plant-emission-dependence-on-the-load-1qd0wwq0.png Fig. 4. Gas engine power plant emission dependence on the load [13]: UHC – unburned hydrocarbon; CO – carbon monoxide; NOx – nitrogen oxides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gas-engine-power-plant-efficiency-and-brake-specific-1hdxtps3.png Fig. 3. Gas engine power plant efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) dependence on the load [13]. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-protection-aerodynamics-and-control-simulation-of-an-2b3y7gvhpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-linear-tangent-steering-to-orbit-1eqiiyot.png Fig. 14. Linear tangent steering to orbit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-temperature-distribution-otcn1k0p.png Fig. 13. Temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-a-charring-ablative-thermal-1pt303hf.png Fig. 1. Cross section of a charring ablative thermal protection system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-unpropelled-and-propelled-flight-trajectory-of-the-1cszg4h1.png Fig. 3. Unpropelled and propelled flight trajectory of the vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-tps-model-18z5du6w.png Fig. 2. Flowchart of the TPS model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hybrid-rocket-engine-test-run-1emf79h9.png Fig. 4. Hybrid rocket engine test run. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pitch-plane-flight-controller-2jc1i16z.png Fig. 5. Pitch plane flight controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-thrust-vector-8-uvi99h7x.png Fig. 6. Variation of thrust vector [8]. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stability-of-srfeo3-al2o3-thin-films-transmission-4hjosn2s4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-cbed-patterns-from-the-top-layer-shown-in-fig-5-b-5jw90zfj.png FIG. 6. a CBED patterns from the top layer shown in Fig. 5 b with ZOLZ inset. b HRTEM image left of the top layer and the FFT filtered image right . c HRTEM cross section image of the top layer, the periodicity of the lattice structure is indicated. d EDS spectra from the top layer; Al is present. e HRTEM plan view image of the intermediate layer along with a representative EDP, indicating an interfacial relationship in a grain zone and a SrAl2O4-type crystal structure. f EDS spectra of the intermediate layer; Fe is present. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-hrtem-image-at-the-sral2-xfexo4-al2o3-interface-31iu0g9i.png FIG. 7. a HRTEM image at the SrAl2−xFexO4 /Al2O3 interface indicating an irregular geometric interface and crystal orientation relationship. Twin boundaries are arrowed. b HRTEM image at the SrFe12−yAlyO19 /SrAl2−xFexO4 interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-illustration-of-the-interface-evolution-for-3ibg7ntx.png FIG. 8. Schematic illustration of the interface evolution for the SrFeO3 /Al2O3 thin film system: a as deposited at 700 °C and annealed at 700 °C for 10 h, b after additional annealing at 850 °C for 10 h, and c after further annealing at 1000 °C for 5 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temporal-electrical-resistance-response-of-the-srfeo3-21u9gmno.png FIG. 9. Temporal electrical resistance response of the SrFeO3 films at 500 °C in air O2 concentration 20% when exposed to a 6% O2 in /N2 mixture. Response is shown for SrFeO3 on both sapphire and sintered Al2O3 substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-sectional-tem-micrograph-of-the-srfeo3-al2o3-t1rs2cqj.png FIG. 1. a Cross sectional TEM micrograph of the SrFeO3 /Al2O3 sapphire thin film system deposited at 700 °C for 4 min. b HRTEM cross sectional image showing the surface of the Al2O3 substrate at the interface and the subgrain film structure inset . c TEM plan view micrograph of the SrFeO3 film. d SA ED pattern of the film shown in c indicating the phase SrFeO2.97. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-cross-section-image-and-b-a-plan-view-image-along-37r6rui7.png FIG. 3. a A cross section image and b a plan view image, along with indexed SA diffraction patterns inset of the SrFeO3 film deposited at 700 °C for 20 min and annealed in air at 700 °C for 10 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-tem-micrographs-of-thin-film-srfeo3-1t02w0jh.png FIG. 2. Cross section TEM micrographs of thin film SrFeO3 deposited onto sintered Al2O3 at a RT for 4 min where column features and crystallites inset are shown and b deposited at 700 °C for 4 min where monolayered grains are present. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-a-cross-sectional-tem-image-of-srfeo3-al2o3-sapphire-3jnc90zn.png FIG. 4. a A cross sectional TEM image of SrFeO3 /Al2O3 sapphire deposited at 700 °C after annealing at 700 °C for 10 h and 850 °C for 5 h, along with a HRTEM image inset , showing a fractal interface indicated by the arrow. b SrFeO3 /Al2O3 sintered film obtained following the same conditions as a and showing the interfacial features and new phase formation. https://scispace.com/papers/thermally-controlled-preferential-molecular-aggregation-4xwybwez9n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-solid-fluorescence-dash-and-excitation-6cmas80h.png FIG. 1. Absorption solid , fluorescence dash , and excitation anisotropy spectra dots of a THIATS/water solution at a concentration of 0.5 mM. The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representation-of-thiats-stacking-configurations-in-35wjrfe9.png FIG. 5. Representation of THIATS stacking configurations in the energy optimized geometries using AMD+1 model: monomer, J-2, J-4, H-2, and H-4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-theoretical-relative-absorption-spectra-of-monomer-h-2-t78xe0v2.png FIG. 6. Theoretical relative absorption spectra of monomer, H-2, H-4, J-2, and J-4 calculated with ZINDO-S method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-synopsis-of-the-proposed-temperature-switching-20xg4j4o.png FIG. 4. Synopsis of the proposed temperature switching mechanisms on THIATS molecular aggregates at different concentrations: 1 mM 2 , 2 mM 3 , and 10 mM 4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3d-plots-of-the-absorption-spectra-of-thiats-as-a-1x5v6w6b.png FIG. 3. 3D plots of the absorption spectra of THIATS as a function of temperature: a solution 2 , b solution 3 , and c solution 4 . https://scispace.com/papers/thermo-elastic-behaviour-of-single-ply-triaxial-woven-fabric-3yjezbt4s6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-tows-at-right-angles-b-square-and-c-hexagon-1t7zaqtl.png Figure 7. (a) Tows at right angles (b) square and (c) hexagon (dimensions in mm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-t300-hexcel-8552-tow-material-properties-3cflpb2u.png Table 2. T300/Hexcel 8552 tow material properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-mesh-density-11gi7lcb.png Table 3. Model mesh density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-edge-deflection-of-a-0-direction-strip-and-b-90-1oxcj91g.png Figure 13. Edge deflection of (a) 0-direction strip and (b) 90-direction strip subject to a 100 degree temperature increase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fiber-and-matrix-material-properties-3pj9ro3h.png Table 1. Fiber and matrix material properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-triaxial-woven-fabric-unit-cell-dimensions-in-mm-1h31qg7f.png Figure 1. Triaxial woven fabric unit cell (dimensions in mm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-micrograph-of-tow-cross-section-21qim8tw.png Figure 2. Micrograph of tow cross section https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-out-of-plane-displacement-contour-plot-of-a-square-21r2pjj6.png Figure 11. Out of plane displacement contour plot of (a) square and (b) hexagonal structure. https://scispace.com/papers/thermochemical-stability-of-zirconia-titanium-nitride-as-5dnrmlbebp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-x-rays-diffraction-patterns-of-sps-ysz-tin-3fnqzxrl.png Figure 6: X-rays diffraction patterns of SPS YSZ/TiN composites. YSZ/75TiN-f stands for the sample sintered in conventional furnace under Ar flow. Indexed peaks correspond to YSZ (), TiN (), and TiO2-rutile (*). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tg-dta-curves-of-sps-ysz-tin-composites-in-air-a-39c2xmmp.png Figure 3: TG/DTA curves of SPS YSZ/TiN composites in air (a) and in Argon (b) flow [35]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lattice-parameters-and-density-for-ysz-tin-3aptgqru.png Table 1: Lattice parameters and density for YSZ/TiN composites. dT is the theoretical composite density calculated by the rule of mixtures using dYSZ = 6.02 gcm -3 and dTiN=5.24 gcm -3 https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-study-of-heavy-metals-behaviour-during-fbv2b8165w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-heavy-metal-speciation-in-the-burning-bed-s-solid-3w5bffns.png Figure 5. Heavy metal speciation in the burning bed. (s)=solid phase, (c)=condensed phase (solid or liquid), (g)=gaseous phase. The left exponent figures indicate the relative fractions at equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solid-temperature-map-degc-flow-rate-25-000-nm3-h-1-2m53e4ks.png Figure 1. Solid temperature map (°C) (Flow rate= 25 000 Nm3 h-1, Tprimary air = 100°C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-heavy-metal-speciation-in-the-incinerator-s-solid-n84bjwkq.png Figure 6. Heavy metal speciation in the incinerator. (s)=solid phase, (c)=condensed phase (solid or liquid), (g)=gaseous phase. The left exponent figures indicate the relative fractions at equilibrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-the-incinerator-of-strasbourg-figure-3-1tfv8j6k.png Figure 2. Diagram of the incinerator of Strasbourg Figure 3. Temperature ma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-principle-of-the-local-thermodynamic-calculations-2y8cqkr8.png Figure 4. Principle of the local thermodynamic calculations in the refuse bed https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-and-economics-of-liquid-desiccants-for-2hz1araweq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-hvac-equipment-demand-and-trend-1-37-38-in-25rs502e.png Figure 1 Overall HVAC equipment demand and trend [1]. 37 38 In the design of HVAC systems, it should be carefully evaluated the quantity of moisture present in the 39 ventilation air, which could be responsible for structural problems to the building and comfort and health 40 problems for the occupants. The sources of the moisture in a building are permeation through floors, walls 41 and ceiling, evaporation from occupants’ clothing, breath and perspiration, air infiltration through leaks, 42 holes and door openings, and outside air ventilation [4]. Ventilation air is the most responsible for the 43 moisture load in different applicative sectors [4]. These moisture in the air contributes to the latent load in 44 the HVAC system. As reported by [2] and [5], latent loads are always higher than sensible loads, except for 45 desert climates. The high latent load could result in an inefficient dehumidification process with 46 conventional vapour-compression systems [6]. Due to the development of ASHRAE standards 62 [7] and 47 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematics-of-the-liquid-desiccant-system-proposed-3pvn14gc.png Figure 4 Schematics of the liquid desiccant system proposed by [36]. 139 140 The first liquid desiccant air-conditioning system driven by solar energy was introduced by Lof in 1955 [4]. 141 In the system, TEG solution was employed for an air dehumidification process driven by solar energy. 142 Nevertheless, the decline of the electricity price in the 50’s and 60’s drove the worldwide development of 143 vapour-compression air-conditioning systems and the contemporary abandonment of the liquid desiccant 144 technology [37]. Following the Middle Eastern oil crisis of 1973 and 1979, a renewed interest in the more 145 efficient use of the energy resources led the liquid desiccant system to start to be employed for air-146 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-energy-storage-capacity-of-different-desiccant-3pydk12s.png Figure 18 Energy storage capacity of different desiccant solutions in low-flow system. 716 717 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-for-heat-transfer-coefficient-in-the-11t5rz38.png Table 4 Correlations for heat transfer coefficient in the dehumidification process. 627 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-for-mass-transfer-coefficient-in-the-2et0ug86.png Table 5 Correlations for mass transfer coefficient in the dehumidification process. 629 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-equilibrium-moisture-content-at-saturated-58taclxx.png Figure 11 Equilibrium moisture content at saturated concentration at 25 °C of LiCl, LiBr and CaCl2 410 solutions in psychometric chart. 411 412 The psychometric chart in Figure 11 shows how the lowest ωeq, i.e. highest dehumidification ability, is 413 reached by a LiBr solution. However, this dehumidification effect is obtained with a relatively higher 414 solution concentration (64.5% wt.). The dehumidification ability of a LiCl solution is close to that of LiBr 415 but with a lower concentration (45.8% wt.). This is one of the main reasons that makes LiCl solution the 416 most popular desiccant in LDAC systems. 417 Related to ωeq, the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) is another parameter indicating the 418 dehumidification ability, representing the theoretical minimum relative humidity the desiccant solution can 419 dry the air. The ERH of some saturated salt solution at 25 ºC was evaluated by Greenspan [64], as presented 420 in Table 3. From the figures shown in the table, the salt solution able to dehumidify the most the air is the 421 caesium fluoride solution which can dehumidify up to very dry conditions (about 3.4% RH). Among the 422 desiccants shown in the Table, LiBr, LiCl, LiI, CH3CO2K, and MgCl2 have been considered as possible 423 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-equilibrium-vapour-pressure-of-licl-solution-at-2f76bsv2.png Figure 8 Equilibrium vapour pressure of LiCl solution at different mass fractions. 329 330 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-equilibrium-vapour-pressure-of-licl-solution-at-1bq1dmdh.png Figure 9 Equilibrium vapour pressure of LiCl solution at different temperatures. 332 333 https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-block-copolymers-with-and-without-salt-1wbwd1bogp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-dependence-of-kh0-for-a-series-of-neat-1hm9w902.png Figure 4. Temperature dependence of χ0 for a series of neat, symmetric SEO block copolymers. The dashed lines are fits of the data to eq 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chain-length-n-dependence-of-kh0-for-a-series-of-1t6gee7t.png Figure 5. Chain length, N, dependence of χ0 for a series of neat, symmetric SEO block copolymers at 60 and 140 °C. The dashed lines represent eq 20 using parameters given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-seo-salt-phase-diagram-calculated-from-eqs-5-and-1fu1h8ix.png Figure 14. SEO/salt phase diagram calculated from eqs 5 and 28. The data for each sample, represented by three symbols to indicate T = 60, 100, and 140 °C, are connected by a line. (●) represents DIS; (■) represents LAM; (×) denotes GYR; and (▲) denotes HEX. Open symbols (○) and (□) signify that coexistence was observed. Phase boundaries, represented by dashed lines (-), are meant to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-values-of-kheffn-versus-pheo-salt-for-all-mni8laqs.png Figure 13. Values of χeffN versus ϕEO/salt for all disordered samples in this study. The data for each sample, represented by three open symbols to indicate T = 60, 100, and 140 °C, are connected by a line. The filled symbols show χeffN at TODT for each ODT observed. The dashed line is merely a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-saxs-profiles-at-60-degc-for-seo-2-9-3-3-at-okbe8939.png Figure 6. (a) SAXS profiles at 60 °C for SEO(2.9−3.3) at several salt concentrations. Profiles are offset vertically for clarity. The arrows represent the locations of primary and higher order scattering peaks. (b) Phase diagram of SEO(2.9−3.3)/LiTFSI as a function of salt concentration r. Dashed lines mark phase boundaries, and open circles (○) indicate observed coexistence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-experimental-and-calculated-saxs-2zn2qqcj.png Figure 7. Comparison of the experimental and calculated SAXS profiles for neat SEO(2.9−3.3), r = 0.02 at 105 °C. Coexistence between the ordered and disordered state is observed. The calculated fit is the sum of the background, the theoretical RPA calculations, and the ordered peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effective-interaction-parameter-kheff-versus-2xz3dvkp.png Figure 11. Effective interaction parameter χeff versus inverse temperature for (a) SEO(1.4−1.6) and (b) SEO(1.9−0.8) at a series of salt concentrations. The full symbols indicate the sample was fully disordered, while the open symbols denote that coexistence was observed at this temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effective-interaction-parameter-kheff-versus-salt-3h5blabb.png Figure 12. Effective interaction parameter χeff versus salt concentration r for SEO(1.4−1.6) and SEO(1.9−0.8) at 140 °C. The dashed lines represent eq 28 using parameters given in the text. The red and black dashed line correspond to SEO(1.4−1.6) and SEO(1.9−0.8), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-ideal-gas-at-planck-scale-with-strong-1ccckke5z5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-of-psk-psk-versus-k-k-with-1-807vlql8.png Figure 1: Variation of 〈ψk′ |ψk〉 versus k-k’ with ~ = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-and-performance-of-the-mg-h-f-system-for-2qzeph8zda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-in-situ-xrd-for-mg-h0-85f0-15-l-1-000389-1-a-n5chiev2.png Fig. 3. (a) In situ XRD for Mg(H0.85F0.15). λ = 1.000389(1) Å. Simultaneous thermal analysis of Mg(HxF1-x)2 samples by (b) DSC, (c) TGA and (d) MS. ΔT/Δt = 10 °C/min. DSC and MS data are normalised to the mass of the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-reaction-enthalpy-and-entropy-for-mg-h0-85f0-15-2-18fed2vm.png Fig. 5. (a) Reaction enthalpy and entropy for Mg(H0.85F0.15)2. ΔSdes = 1.9181 × (wt% H2) + 134.95, ΔHdes = 1.225 × (wt% H2) + 75.995 (b) Predicted equilibrium pressures of MgH2 and Mg(H0.85F0.15)2 at 5 different values of H2 wt% along the equilibrium plateau. For Fig 5b: pure MgH2 14 and Mg2FeH6. 44 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-situ-sr-xrd-at-room-temperature-of-mg-hxf1-x-2-2h1p5uzd.png Fig. 1. In situ SR-XRD at room temperature of Mg(HxF1-x)2 samples ball milled for 40 hours and annealed. * signifies Mg2FeH6, ● signifies Fe and ▲signifies MgO. All other Bragg peaks are associated with the Mg(HxF1-x)2 mixtures. λ = 1.000389(1) Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-refined-lattice-parameters-of-mg-hxf1-x-2-l-mixtures-s4cyfwh7.png Fig. 2. Refined lattice parameters of Mg(HxF1−x)2-L mixtures from room temperature in situ SR-XRD. (a) Quadratic fit for lattice parameters a and c versus composition. a = −0.0762x2 − 0.0326x + 4.6236. c = −0.0239x2 − 0.0069x + 3.0521 (b) quadratic fit for unit cell volume and H occupancy versus composition. Unit cell volume V = −2.5527x2 – 1.1113x + 65.246. H Occupancy = 0.2073x2 + 0.7952x − 0.0064. https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelastic-effects-as-a-way-of-creating-transient-4rm0056r7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-required-temperature-increase-vs-the-fth-product-b60lioaj.png Fig. 6 The required temperature increase vs the fθ product. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grazing-incidence-reflection-of-the-x-ray-beam-from-3bmrolka.png Fig. 1 Grazing-incidence reflection of the x-ray beam from the planar surface. The beam Imprint on the surface is shown as an elongated elipse. Note the orientation of the axis x: for this orientation, the surface displacement towards the vacuum side, ux, is negative. In the “optical” part of this report we use notation h≡-ux. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-creating-a-mirror-of-the-slab-with-a-thickness-less-2yyj2pe9.png Fig. 10. Creating a mirror of the slab with a thickness less than the beam radius. The heating from the back side becomes possible, and constraints on the achievable focal lengths become less severe. Can work for larger-scale optics (r>1 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-principle-of-the-tel-optics-an-auxiliary-pulse-2ulu46vn.png Fig. 2 The principle of the TEL optics: an auxiliary pulse (yellow) heats the surface prior to arrival of the main pulse (red). The heat distribution is chosen so as to create (via thermal expansion) an elliptic mirror. The upper-right panel shows the surface profile along the long axis of the imprint; the lower-right panel shows the profiles along dashed lines on the left panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-x-ray-beams-in-the-experimental-3nrfzxys.png Table 1. Parameters of the x-ray beams in the experimental hall nearest to the undulator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-distributions-over-the-thickness-of-the-1doduigj.png Fig. 5 Temperature distributions over the thickness of the plate at the end of the heating pulse normalized to the surface temperature at that instance for the flat-top heating. Thin line corresponds to the flat-top heating profile, whereas thick line corresponds to the optimum heating profile. The total heat delivered per unit surface area is the same. Note that the surface temperature in the optimum case is smaller, and the profile is broader. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-reflectivity-for-an-initially-unpolarized-light-5-vjhh78mb.png TABLE II. Reflectivity for an initially unpolarized light [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-isolines-of-the-parameter-n-for-aluminum-reflector-fxzpei8g.png Fig. 9 Isolines of the parameter N for aluminum reflector. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-oxygen-in-camno3-d-11lcnvoypt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plots-of-partial-molar-entropydso-vs-oxygen-content-3-1h69k3l7.png Fig. 3 Plots of partial molar entropyΔSO vs. oxygen content (3−δ) in orthorhombic and cubic СаMnO3−δ. Dots show experimental values (uncertainty ±2 J mol−1 K−1); solid lines show results of calculations with the help of Eq. (22) at T= const. The empty squares show data [16] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-partial-molar-enthalpydho-vs-oxygen-content-3-2qhix5uz.png Fig. 2 Plots of partial molar enthalpyΔHO vs. oxygen content (3−δ) in orthorhombic and cubic СаMnO3−δ. Dots show experimental values (uncertainty ±3 kJ mol−1); solid lines show results of calculations with the help of Eq. (21) at T= const. The empty squares show data [16] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plots-of-1-2rt-ln-po2-vs-temperature-at-different-d-in-1q68lm2d.png Fig. 1 Plots of 1/2RT ⋅ln pO2 vs. temperature at different δ in СаMnO3−δ with orthorhombic (a) and cubic (b) structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isothermal-plots-of-n-d-vs-oxygen-content-3-d-in-2yx6eauh.png Fig. 4 Isothermal plots of ∂n /∂δ vs. oxygen content (3−δ) in orthorhombic and cubic СаMnO3−δ as calculated with the help of Eq. (13) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-isothermal-plots-of-so-conf-vs-oxygen-content-3-d-in-2eypg05o.png Fig. 5 Isothermal plots of sO(conf) vs. oxygen content (3−δ) in orthorhombic and cubic СаMnO3−δ as calculated with the help of Eq. (15) https://scispace.com/papers/thermoluminescence-and-dosimetric-characteristics-study-of-29y6dk38tq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tl-kinetic-parameters-obtained-by-cgcd-ps-and-id-1ey45hsm.png Table 1. TL kinetic parameters obtained by CGCD, PS and ID methods for 2 Gy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tl-glow-peaks-of-the-quartz-samples-irradiated-with-3dhtg7vm.png Figure 6. TL glow peaks of the quartz samples irradiated with test doses. 283x222mm (96 x 96 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-tl-glow-curve-and-b-energy-level-diagram-of-the-2cpn63zc.png Figure 4. (a) TL glow curve and (b) energy-level diagram of the obtained quartz samples. 558x182mm (96 x 96 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-collected-soil-sample-of-seyhan-dam-lake-7koiufhq.png Figure 1. The collected soil sample of Seyhan Dam Lake terraces. 535x171mm (72 x 72 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/thermophoresis-of-particles-in-a-heated-boundary-layer-349cvux5pn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-meas-plate-surface-heatinq-be-nninq-at-x-degk-3-5-s-xv9mdi4z.png Fig. 4 Meas plate surface heatinq be nninq at x = = °K, = 3.5 . s are trajecto culated st pa cles inserted i ow at fferent y-locations tream edge, usi k ssion C5 = 1.17. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2okn2ts1.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tween-meas-values-expe-wa-11-es-caicul-nq-to-several-3koici34.png Fig. 5 tween meas values expe wa 11 es caicul nq to several curves: https://scispace.com/papers/thermoresistance-of-p-type-4h-sic-integrated-mems-devices-coldfhcaxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-raman-spectrum-of-4h-sic-the-inset-shows-the-as-34hf782y.png Figure 2. Raman spectrum of 4H-SiC. The inset shows the as-fabricated 4H-SiC thermoresistors. Figure 2 shows the Raman spectrum of the 4H-SiC samples at the room temperature (297 K). There are three dominant peaks at the wavenumbers of 204, 776, 965 cm -1 , corresponding to the folded transverse acoustic (FTA), folded transverse optic E2 (FTO), and longitudinal optical (FLO) modes, respectively. This result indicates that the 4H-SiC material was between the Ti/Al coatings. The inset in Figure 2 illustrates the as-fabricated p-type 4H-SiC thermoresistors. We employed a Dektak surface profiler to confirm the etching depth of 1.3 µm to the 4H-SiC substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-joule-heating-effect-in-p-4h-sic-a-non-linear-i-v-22nwalyb.png Figure 5. Joule heating effect in p-4H-SiC. (a) Non-linear I-V characteristics of p-4H-SiC film. (b) The dependence of p-4H-SiC electrical resistance on dissipated electric power. When a flow is applied, the temperature of the p-4H-SiC film decreases due to forced cooling effect, leading to the increase in the electrical resistance of the film. Under a constant applied voltage, the measured current will decrease owing to the negative temperature coefficient of resistance of the p-4H-SiC film. Figure 6 shows the real-time response of the p-4H-SiC flow sensing module to different air flow velocities. The measured current decreases gradually when the input flow is applied (ON) for 30 s, then it increases to the initial value when the flow velocity turns to zero within 90 s. Under a supply voltage of 18 V, the measured current change varied from 0.4 mA to 0.8 mA when air velocities increased from 2.8 m/s to 8.4 m/s, respectively. This increase indicates the more effective cooling effect on the p-4H-SiC flow sensing device under higher applied input air speeds. Under a constant voltage mode, the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tunable-electrical-transport-in-p-4h-sic-a-3q1h5w1x.png Figure 4. Tunable electrical transport in p-4H-SiC. (a) Electrical resistance change with temperature. (b) Arrhenius plot of p-4H-SiC thermoresistance for the temperature range from 297 to 536 K. (c) Plot of thermoresistance in p-4H-SiC for temperature range of 536 to 846 K, showing a relationship of R~T ɣ with ɣ=3/2. In a higher temperature range of 536 to 846 K, all acceptors have been ionised and donated to the valence band, leading to a constant concentration of holes in the valence band. However, the hole mobility still decreases with increasing temperature, leading to an increase of the electrical resistance of p-4H-SiC in this temperature range. From Equation 2, the resistance dependence on temperature can be presented in the form R~ T ɣ , where ɣ=3/2 (Figure 4c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measured-current-under-different-applied-voltage-1hls5u8y.png Figure 7. Measured current under different applied voltage/power and different input air velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-effect-on-the-electrical-properties-of-2nfaebec.png Figure 3. Temperature effect on the electrical properties of p-type 4H-SiC. (a,b) Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the p-4H-SiC thermoresistors at temperatures up to 536 K. (c,d) I-V characteristics of the p4H-SiC thermoresistors from 536 to 846 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-response-of-p-4h-sic-thermal-flow-sensing-2eayyfwc.png Figure 6. The response of p-4H-SiC thermal flow sensing device to different applied air velocities. nI a b (4) where ΔI is the change of measured current and υ is the air velocity. Figure 7 shows the change of the measured current under various input air velocities. It is evident that the measured current is more pronounced with a higher applied power/voltage or under higher input air speeds. Table 1 (Supporting Information) summarizes the performance of the p-4HSiC flow sensing module in comparison with the literature. The sensitivity of the flow sensing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mems-process-for-fabrication-of-4h-sic-1iswv1w0.png Figure 1. MEMS process for fabrication of 4H-SiC thermoresistors. https://scispace.com/papers/thielavin-b-methyl-ester-a-cytotoxic-benzoate-trimer-from-an-2aai6865eo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-appi-hrms-in-source-fragmentation-of-1-3clgu2wi.png Figure 4. APPI-HRMS in-source fragmentation of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-noesy-correlations-of-thielavin-b-methyl-ester-1-1p43irru.png Figure 3. NOESY correlations of Thielavin B methyl ester (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hmbc-correlations-of-thielavin-b-methyl-ester-1-2tzctpoh.png Figure 2. HMBC correlations of Thielavin B methyl ester (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-thielavin-b-methyl-ester-1-3kf0yeu9.png Figure 1. Structure of Thielavin B methyl ester (1). https://scispace.com/papers/thin-film-surface-processing-by-ultrashort-laser-pulses-uslp-4gociqj9we 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-d8l4vf0o.png Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-32dysw22.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-averaged-periodicity-and-amplitude-of-lipss-obtained-1jabx101.png Table 1. Averaged periodicity and amplitude of LIPSS obtained with the three different laser wavelengths. Data were obtained by AFM and SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-efficacy-factor-map-computed-with-l-515-nm-th-0-n-syppr3yv.png Figure 7. (a) Efficacy factor map computed with λ = 515 nm, θ = 0, n = 3.192, k = 3.378, F= 0.1 and s = 0.4. A linear gray scale is used. (b) Fast Fourier transform of (c). (c) Large area of ripple obtained on 400 nm thick Mo layer with 0.009 J/cm2, f = 200 kHz, 98% OL and 20 μm pitch between scanned lines. The dotted circles in (a) and (b) have radii k=1. The dashed circle in b) has a radius k=2. The polarization direction is indicated by the white arrows in (a), (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-soda-lime-different-l-indicates-d-topogra-1os07nnz.png Figure 4. soda lime different l indicates D topogra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1wmkjzni.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-z5vm91du.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/thin-shell-wormholes-with-a-generalized-chaplygin-gas-4bms0f9dyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reissner-nordstrom-wormholes-supported-by-a-chaplygin-1y6qbi4e.png FIG. 3. Reissner-Nordström wormholes supported by a Chaplygin gas ( ¼ 1Þ: the solid curves represent the static solutions with throat radius a0 which are stable under radial perturbations for given parameters A, M, and Q, and the dotted curves represent those unstable under radial perturbations. The gray zones are unphysical, corresponding to a throat radius smaller than the horizon radius of the original manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wormholes-with-a-cosmological-constant-supported-by-a-pt9e9m7c.png FIG. 4. Wormholes with a cosmological constant, supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas with ¼ 0:2: the solid curves represent the static solutions with throat radius a0 which are stable under radial perturbations for given parameters A, M, and , and the dotted curves represent those unstable under radial perturbations. The gray zones are unphysical, corresponding to a throat radius smaller than the horizon radius or (if > 0) larger than the cosmological horizon radius of the original manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wormholes-with-a-cosmological-constant-supported-by-a-34frs0go.png FIG. 5. Wormholes with a cosmological constant, supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas with ¼ 0:9: the solid curves represent the static solutions with throat radius a0 which are stable under radial perturbations for given parameters A, M, and , and the dotted curves represent those unstable under radial perturbations. The gray zones are unphysical, corresponding to a throat radius smaller than the horizon radius or (if > 0) larger than the cosmological horizon radius of the original manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reissner-nordstrom-wormholes-supported-by-a-1frh6ndh.png FIG. 1. Reissner-Nordström wormholes supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas with ¼ 0:2: the solid curves represent the static solutions with throat radius a0 which are stable under radial perturbations for given parameters A, M, and Q, and the dotted curves represent those unstable under radial perturbations. The gray zones are unphysical, corresponding to a throat radius smaller than the horizon radius of the original manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wormholes-with-a-cosmological-constant-supported-by-a-33kkld6r.png FIG. 6. Wormholes with a cosmological constant, supported by a Chaplygin gas ( ¼ 1): the solid curves represent the static solutions with throat radius a0 which are stable under radial perturbations for given parameters A, M, and , and the dotted curves represent those unstable under radial perturbations. The gray zones are unphysical, corresponding to a throat radius smaller than the horizon radius or (if > 0) larger than the cosmological horizon radius of the original manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reissner-nordstrom-wormholes-supported-by-a-2q8c1vh0.png FIG. 2. Reissner-Nordström wormholes supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas with ¼ 0:6: the solid curves represent the static solutions with throat radius a0 which are stable under radial perturbations for given parameters A, M, and Q, and the dotted curves represent those unstable under radial perturbations. The gray zones are unphysical, corresponding to a throat radius smaller than the horizon radius of the original manifold. https://scispace.com/papers/third-sector-organisations-and-governance-process-5ekmk5cl1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-6-planning-b-7kbwo0u5.png Table 6.6: Planning B https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-7-independent-variables-significantly-associated-3w2zy9h0.png Table 6.7 Independent variables significantly associated with Planning B score https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-influences-on-decision-making-incorporation-2nd1yfiq.png Table 6.2: Influences on Decision Making: Incorporation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-10-stakeholder-relations-3775f2zd.png Table 6.10: Stakeholder Relations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-influences-on-decision-making-foreign-funding-127p1gbg.png Table 6.3: Influences on Decision Making: Foreign Funding https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-influences-on-decision-making-paid-staff-1uey82o3.png Table 6.4: Influences on decision making: Paid Staff https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-9-independent-variables-significantly-associated-11j8lvb0.png Table 6.9 Independent variables significantly associated with Financial Management A score https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-8-financial-management-a-2ocgta7t.png Table 6.8: Financial Management A https://scispace.com/papers/those-with-the-most-find-it-hardest-to-share-exploring-505sxg4iz5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pre-and-post-intervention-trends-in-same-1vcx0j2c.png FIGURE 2 Pre- and Post-Intervention Trends in Same-DayAppointmentAccess for Physician andNonphysician Providers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-embracing-and-protecting-identity-through-delegation-1ur971s9.png TABLE 4 Embracing and Protecting Identity through Delegation Exemplars https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-discontinuous-change-model-with-differential-effects-mrbch5c8.png TABLE 2 Discontinuous Change Model with Differential Effects of Leader Status on Effectiveness of Team-based Empowerment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-provider-status-and-identity-exemplars-1u9f1nnt.png TABLE 3 Provider Status and Identity Exemplars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-summarymodel-includingmechanisms-derived-from-1mxm10zx.png FIGURE 3 SummaryModel IncludingMechanisms Derived from Inductive Theory Building to Explain Differential Effects of Leader Status on Effectiveness of Team-based Empowerment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothesizedmodel-ofdifferential-effects-of-leader-rqsztgl3.png FIGURE 1 HypothesizedModel ofDifferential Effects of Leader Status on Effectiveness of Team-based Empowerment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-moayh0ix.png TABLE 1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/threaded-connectors-for-sandwich-pipes-part-1-parametric-2m2wfpigj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-snap-fit-connector-1w3er082.png Figure 2 Typical snap-fit connector https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scf-at-regions-of-interest-1mgaebcp.png Table 2 SCF at regions of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scf-at-regions-of-interest-a-influence-of-3chch3co.png Figure 8 SCF at regions of interest (a) Influence of interlayer conditions (b) Influence of core modulus on IUB, OUB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-gmc-intelligent-connector-gmc-2014-b-variation-of-dm07pumq.png Figure 3 (a) GMC Intelligent Connector (GMC, 2014) (b) Variation of SCF around loadshare boundary with outer pipe diameter to thickness ratio (Do/to) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometric-and-material-properties-of-sp-and-pip-1ubt2h1k.png Table 1 Geometric and material properties of SP and PiP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-influence-of-srg-on-scf-b-effect-of-compressive-5q8mpw2j.png Figure 6 (a) Influence of SRG on SCF (b) Effect of compressive pre-stress and sealer modulus on peak stress at nib groove https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stress-along-inner-pipe-left-axial-loading-right-wfd1iimh.png Figure 7 Stress along inner pipe (left) Axial loading (right) Bending (after axial loading) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snap-fit-connector-in-sandwich-pipes-a-loadshare-1vdi1zkf.png Figure 4 Snap-fit Connector in Sandwich Pipes: (a) Loadshare concept (b) Swaged weld concept https://scispace.com/papers/threat-as-justification-of-prejudice-4npq85u9o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1a-and-1b-1i9gi1l6.png Figures 1a and 1b https://scispace.com/papers/threats-to-the-ocean-on-the-role-of-ecosystem-approaches-to-u382x0iv11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-global-catches-by-catch-categories-since-1ofu182j.png Figure 1. Trends in global catches by catch categories since 1950. Catches increased through the first three to four decades, stagnated, and have been declining since. S, M, and L are small, medium and large, with cuts at Lω of 30 and 90 cm. Data source: www.seaaroundus.org. https://scispace.com/papers/three-centuries-1670-1970-of-appreciating-physical-avmrglxtak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-ternary-diagram-of-geology-field-excursionist-types-nn9pgzev.png Fig. 5. A ternary diagram of geology field excursionist types. This graphical summary is based upon several qualitative and observational studies completed, but mainly unpublished (Hose 2003), by the author; it is a development of an earlier model published in Hose (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-europe-and-the-regions-covered-in-this-volumes-l25flhtf.png Fig. 1. Map of Europe and the regions covered in this volume’s papers. This map shows the main areas (excepting northern Norway and Australia) encompassed by the volume’s papers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-of-the-tourist-gaze-this-model-developed-from-2z0j8dic.png Fig. 6. Model of the tourist gaze. This model, developed from that published in Hose (2010a, 2010b), notes the input of artistic and literary material that influences the content of tourist guidebooks; it also notes that artists and authors are partially a subset of travellers and tourists. It stresses the significance of the tourist guidebook acting as a cultural filter on what the tourist sees and understands about landscape. It emphasizes that what the tourist actually sees lies beyond the mere physical landscape that is viewed, suggesting for some an aesthetic spiritual element – much as was envisaged by the Picturesque movement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-european-geotourism-timeline-this-summary-shows-the-2txltrrx.png Fig. 2. A European geotourism timeline. This summary shows the major events and influences, with some key British publications, on geotourism’s development from around 1670–1970. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-four-gs-of-geotourism-model-in-this-visualization-1wwn5svg.png Fig. 3. The four Gs of geotourism model. In this visualization of geotourism, the locations and areas of the individual elements, together with their linking pointers, indicate their interrelationships and relative significances. It is a development of that published as the three Gs in Hose (2012b) but now includes geoconservation, geohistory, geo-interpretation and geosites/geomorphosites (or scenery). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-table-of-the-summarized-content-of-some-geotourism-2m109ru2.png Fig. 4. Table of the summarized content of some geotourism definitions and their associated discussions. The summary, because it is necessarily based upon an interpretation of the associated discussions, is a subjective evaluation. It was developed by examining the definitions and any supporting or explanatory texts. The sources for the definitions can be found in the references. The shaded definition (Hose 2012b) is that which has been adopted for this volume. An extended summary table of definitions can be found in Hose (2012b, table 1). https://scispace.com/papers/three-configurations-of-block-edge-detections-for-binary-2adf81guwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-clumps-of-structuring-patterns-for-1-block-29ibmeza.png Figure 3: Three Clumps of Structuring Patterns for 1-Block Edges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-kernel-form-of-the-hexagonal-grid-bcd8ahob.png Figure 2: The Kernel Form of the Hexagonal Grid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-third-level-of-the-conjugate-classification-1n0ch5gy.png Figure 5: The Third Level of the Conjugate Classification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-pictures-of-black-ground-a-e-a-original-hmm9n1ti.png Figure 6: Sample Pictures of Black-ground (a)-(e). (a) original image (256 by 256), (b)-(e) sample images; (b) Ao Block Edge; ( c) A1 Block Edge; ( d) A2 Block Edge; ( e) Full Edges for 1 Points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sample-pictures-of-white-ground-a-e-a-original-r6f5rilo.png Figure 7: Sample Pictures of White-ground (a)( e). (a) original image (256 by 256), (b )-( e) sample images; (b) 8 0 Block Edge; (c) 8 1 Block Edge; (d) 8 2 Block Edge; ( e) Full Edges for 0 Points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-clumps-of-structuring-patterns-for-0-block-wey6n3vy.png Figure 4: Three Clumps of Structuring Patterns for 0-Block Edges https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-measurements-of-two-schemes-ov6udkvi.png Table 1: Time Measurements of Two Schemes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identifying-1-block-edge-components-from-a-binary-dbjih048.png Figure 1: Identifying 1-Block Edge Components from a Binary Image (a)-(c). https://scispace.com/papers/three-coordinate-aluminum-in-zeolites-observed-with-in-situ-40bc1sb7vq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-local-structure-of-aluminum-in-halsi28o78-clusters-3tbybv5b.png Table 1. Local Structure of Aluminum in HAlSi28O78 Clusters Used in the Full Multiple Scattering Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-al-k-edge-xanes-spectra-for-aluminum-in-ssh9tnb5.png Figure 1. Typical Al K-edge XANES spectra for aluminum in tetrahedral (as in NH4-Beta zeolite, dashed line) and octahedral coordination (as in corundum, crystalline Al2O3, solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-al-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-zeolite-nh4-beta-taken-28cipul4.png Figure 4. (a) Al K-edge XANES spectra of zeolite NH4-Beta taken in a vacuum at room temperature (O) and at 975 K (3). The squares (0) represent the spectrum of ex situ steamed zeolite Beta taken at 975 K. All spectra are taken in a vacuum. (b) Enlargement of the near-edge region of the spectra in part a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theoretical-al-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-aluminum-in-stmdchaw.png Figure 5. Theoretical Al K-edge XANES spectra of aluminum in a tetrahedral coordination (I in Table 1, solid line), in a trigonal coordination (II in Table 1, dashed line), in a trigonal coordination (III in Table 1, dashed dotted line), and in a planar trigonal coordination (IV in Table 1, dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-al-k-edge-xanes-spectra-of-zeolite-h-mordenite-xz1ljtyl.png Figure 2. Al K-edge XANES spectra of zeolite H-Mordenite taken at room temperature (9) and at 395 K (ss). The spectra are taken in a flow of wet helium. The difference in the spectra is due to the presence of a small amount of octahedrally coordinated aluminum in the spectrum taken at room temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-instantaneous-structure-of-a-shock-wave-n1fsupdwce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-parameters-n0x0inmo.png Table 1. Experimental parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-short-exposure-schlieren-visualization-of-the-1btqup3s.png Figure 5. Short-exposure Schlieren visualization of the interaction. Origin of coordinate system is located at the extrapolated wall-impingement point of the incident shock wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-oil-flow-visualization-of-the-interaction-3kbbf77d.png Figure 6. Surface oil flow visualization of the interaction. The flow direction is from top to bottom as indicated by the white arrow. The figure is shown in a perspective view. The (projected) measurement domain is indicated by the dashed box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-statistical-relationship-between-incoming-boundary-2mqtego2.png Figure 14. Statistical relationship between incoming boundary layer velocity fluctuations u′/U∞ and streamwise position of the reflected shock wave surrogate (x – xmean)/δ at various distances from the wall. Data are taken at x/δ=−2.7 for each spanwise location. The distributions of u′/U∞ with (x – xmean)/δ and joint PDFs of u ′/U∞ and (x – xmean)/δ are shown on the left and right, respectively. (a, b) z/δ=0.12, (c, d) z/δ=0.43, (e, f ) z/δ=0.82. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-volumetric-representations-of-the-instantaneous-19yxxfil.png Figure 8. Volumetric representations of the instantaneous flow organization of the interaction: lower region (z/δ=0.1–0.6). Isosurfaces of streamwise velocity are shown: relatively high-speed in red (0.9U∞), intermediate velocity in green (0.75U∞), and relatively low-speed in blue (0.55U∞). Velocity vectors are shown flooded with instantaneous streamwise velocity. (a, b) correspond to figure 7 (a, b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-volumetric-representations-of-the-instantaneous-1s0h3aef.png Figure 11. Volumetric representations of the instantaneous flow organization of the interaction: upper region (z/δ=0.6–1.0). Isosurfaces of streamwise velocity are shown: relatively high-speed in red (0.99U∞), intermediate velocity in green (0.85U∞), and relatively low-speed in blue (0.75U∞). Velocity vectors are shown flooded with instantaneous streamwise velocity. The subvolume indicated in (a) by the yellow box is rendered in greater detail in figure 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-tomographic-piv-experimental-3w43ifel.png Figure 2. Schematic of the tomographic PIV experimental arrangement. Note that the sting has been omitted for clarity. Flow is from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-instantaneous-flow-structure-of-the-incoming-hul9o9fz.png Figure 12. Instantaneous flow structure of the incoming boundary layer: upper region (z/δ=0.6–1.0). Semitransparent vorticity magnitude isosurfaces for |ω|δ/U∞ =0.5 are shown. Velocity vectors with a convective velocity of 0.8U∞ are shown in two planes; at y/δ=0.5 and z/ δ=0.6, the latter flooded with streamwise velocity contours. Streamlines are computed within this convective reference frame. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-modeling-of-annular-cascade-trailing-edge-3uugamgy4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-annular-cascade-of-zero-stagger-plates-9jjgl5zt.png Figure 7: The annular cascade of zero-stagger plates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reference-frames-for-the-staggered-array-of-semi-15ki8czo.png Figure 2: Reference frames for the staggered array of semi-infinite plates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representation-of-an-inter-vane-channel-as-an-3nsg2pr5.png Figure 4: Representation of an inter-vane channel as an equivalent straight duct of varying cross-section, from Fig. 1-b. (a): conventions for the width and length of the overlapping part of the channel; (b): straight-duct cross-section profiles according to the two sets of parameters (he, Le) and (h0, Lc), in black and blue respectively. Values representative of a small-size fan for aircraft air conditioning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-of-coupled-mode-matching-at-inlet-and-sound-2a8u4qj9.png Figure 6: Test of coupled mode-matching at inlet and sound transmission through curved inter-vane channels. (a): instantaneous pressure field. No reflection at the trailing-egde interface. Incident oblique wave from upstream.(b): modal transmission (D) and reflection (R) coefficients. Blue (red) bars stand for cut-on (cut-off) modes. Incident mode n = 7, V = 10, ψ = 20◦ , M0 = 0.1, khM = 5.57. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transmission-of-an-oblique-incident-wave-at-the-1auxnowe.png Figure 3: Transmission of an oblique incident wave at the leading-edge interface of a stator with 20◦-staggered vanes. M0 = 0.3. (a-b): compared results from Green’s theorem and mode-matching technique (artifact for the former in the matching triangle due to color interpolation); (c): corresponding reflection coefficients. (d): mode-matching results for various stagger angles: ψ = 0◦, 15◦, 30◦ and 45◦. M0 = 0. Vane number V = 10, number of lobes of the incident wave n = 7. khM = 5.57. Instantaneous pressure field, semi-infinite plate calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-axial-flow-fan-ogv-b-unwrapped-2ddg5ycb.png Figure 1: (a): typical axial-flow fan OGV. (b): unwrapped representation of a cylindrical cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-geometrical-simplifications-at-the-inlet-of-an-1416kwsf.png Figure 9: Geometrical simplifications at the inlet of an annular staggered array of OGV. (a): three-dimensional view of the inlet of an inter-vane channel. (b): inlet cross-section normal to the walls. (a): definition of the matching volume and of the equivalent circular arcs along an oblique cut normal to vane leading edge. (b): definition of approximate circular arcs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-standing-wave-pattern-due-to-cut-on-to-1zauburl.png Figure 5: Example of standing-wave pattern due to cut-on to cut-off transition for the mode m = 3 at khM = 9.25 and M0 = 0.35, in a curved channel of curvature radius 4hM (stagger angle at leading edge 35 ◦). (a): pressureamplitude profile along the curved channel axis, according to initial Rienstra’s solution (black) and to regularized Ovenden’s solution (red). (b): instantaneous pressure map. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-modelling-of-arc-behaviour-and-gas-shield-2rpvhqrgxd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geometrical-parameters-used-for-the-tandem-torch-8m37xhab.png Figure 3. Geometrical parameters used for the tandem torch. Lengths are in millimetres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-showing-the-simulation-domain-of-the-two-2hpd6v8a.png Figure 2. Schematic showing the simulation domain of the two torches, the gas nozzle, the workpiece and the fluid region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicted-arc-and-wire-temperature-and-flow-fields-1adysd00.png Figure 6. Predicted arc and wire temperature and flow fields in the plane of symmetry for tandem welding in pure argon: stationary case of 150 A in both wires (left top) and transient behaviour at the times 1 to 14 indicated in figure 5. The leading wire is on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calculated-thermal-conductivity-electrical-2sxwrp1h.png Figure 8. Calculated thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and volumetric enthalpy of argon and CO2 at 1 atm, assuming LTE. The enthalpies are relative to the values at 300 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-welding-current-waveforms-for-the-leading-and-the-3cnhr5br.png Figure 4. Welding current waveforms for the leading and the trailing wire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-speed-image-of-the-interaction-between-the-14lp0u8m.png Figure 1. High-speed image of the interaction between the arcs during anti-phase synchronized pulsed T-GMAW. The arc on the left is in the pulse phase, and the arc on the right is in the base phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-predicted-mole-fraction-of-air-and-flow-fields-in-2iv2vaym.png Figure 10. Predicted mole fraction of air and flow fields in the plane of symmetry for tandem welding in argon with 18% CO2: stationary case of 150 A in both wires (left top) and transient behaviour at the times 1 to 14 indicated in figure 5. The leading wire is on the left. Velocities are in m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-predicted-arc-and-wire-temperature-and-flow-fields-1tbmiary.png Figure 7. Predicted arc and wire temperature and flow fields in the plane of symmetry for tandem welding in argon with 18% CO2: stationary case of 150 A in both wires (left top) and transient behaviour at the times 1 to 14 indicated in figure 5. The leading wire is on the left. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-optoacoustic-tomography-using-a-nhvo0usw0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3reconstructions-of-the-third-phantom-comprising-o-13uar8na.png Figure 3Reconstructions of the third phantom (comprising Ø 50µm microspheres randomly spread over a cross 332 section). (a) MAP image of the entire region-of-interest along the z-axis. The green square indicates the limits of a sub-333 region of interest. MAP images of this sub region along (b) the z-axis, (c) the x-axis, and (d) the y-axis. (e) Amplitude 334 profile of the lines marked with an arrow on (b) and (c). The amplitude profiles were normalized and the peak valueswere 335 centered. The FWHM of the profile along the y axis is : 140µm and along the z-axis : 327µm. 336 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6reconstructions-of-the-abdomen-of-the-7-day-old-2gzsgar7.png Figure 6Reconstructions of the abdomen of the 7-day-old mouse. (a) MAP image of the entire region-of-interest 380 along the x-axis. The slices (b)-(e) correspond to the yellow marks on the side of (a), and are ordered by increasing z. For 381 each slice the images were not post-processed. The voxel values are normalized by the maximum value of the 3D image. 382 Legend: 1. Spleen, 2.Interlobar vessels of the left kidney, 3.Ischiatic vein, 4. Saphenous vein, 5.Partial lobe of the liver, 383 6.Right kidney, 7. Abdominal aorta, 8. Vena cava, 9. Femur, 10. Intestine vessels,11. Left kidney. The anatomical features 384 were correlated with published mouse anatomy 48. 385 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reconstructionswith-different-translationrangesof-bad27yqb.png Figure 2 Reconstructionswith different translationrangesof the second phantom(comprising Ø 200µm 295 microspheres randomly spread over a cross section). (a) Optical picture showing the spatial distribution of the absorbers. 296 (b)-(e) Maximum-amplitude projection optoacoustic images along the z-axis for translationranges of: 1.5 mm, 4.5 mm, 9.0 297 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-shown-here-for-the-acquisition-xan4t2tt.png Figure 1 Experimental set-up shown here for the acquisition performed ex vivo on a mouse. (a) Schematic top 146 view of the set-up. A Cartesian coordinate system is specified. The origin of the system is set so that the plane z=0 147 correspond to the middle of the linear array, and the x- and y-axis so that the axis of the rotary stage corresponds to the z-148 axis. The z-axis corresponds to the elevation direction.(b) Schematic description of the scan geometry shown here for 4 149 rotary positions. The different positions of the array are presented. The positions of the rotary stage are indexed with 150 capital letters while the positions of the translation stage are indexed with numbers from 1 to (2n+1). (c)Annotated picture 151 of the experimental set-up. 152 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7reconstructions-of-the-head-of-the-4-day-old-mouse-1ksrx2uz.png Figure 7Reconstructions of the head of the 4-day-old mouse. MAP image of the entire region-of-interest (a) 400 along the x-axis, (b) along the z-axis. The slices (c)-(f) correspond to the yellow marks on the bottom of (a), and are 401 ordered by increasing z. Legend: 1. Supraorbital vein, 2. Superior sagittal sinus, 3. Confluence of sinuses, 4.Right 402 transverse sinus, 5.Cerebellum , 6. Temporal vein, 7. Inferior sagittal sinus, 8.Straight sinus, 9. Facial vein, 10. Sigmoid 403 sinus, 11.Jugular vein, 12. Maxillary vein. The anatomical features were correlated with published mouse anatomy 48. 404 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5reconstructions-of-the-fourth-phantom-comprised-ofa-qlsavxe9.png Figure 5Reconstructions of the fourth phantom (comprised ofa cross from a Ø 50µm thread). (a) MAP image of 357 the entire region-of-interest along the y-axis. (b) slice corresponding to the plane marked with a green line on (a). (c) slice 358 corresponding to the plane marked with a red line on (a). The star markers indicate the position of the maxima 359 corresponding to the reconstruction of each thread. The distance between the two stars is 189µm. For the two slices (b) 360 and (c), the images were not postprocessed but the voxel values were normalized by the maximum value of the 3D image, 361 the brightest voxel being situated at the intersection of the cross. 362 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4reconstructions-of-a-volumetricslice-of-the-third-1ir7p4wu.png Figure 4Reconstructions of a volumetricslice of the third phantom,perpendicular to the y axis(a) MAP image 338 along the z-axis. (b) MAP image along the y-axis. (c) FWHM of the amplitude profile along the y axis and z axis of 23 339 distinct microspheres distributed along the length of the slice. The dashed lines mark the value found for the microsphere 340 of Figure 3. 341 https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-numerical-modeling-of-surface-acoustic-47684rvubg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-dimensions-in-the-numeric-2d-and-3d-models-ohunytph.png TABLE III. Dimensions in the numeric 2D and 3D models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vertical-2d-cross-section-of-the-numeric-model-and-2wv1xop3.png FIG. 2. Vertical 2D cross section of the numeric model and illustration of the embedded electrodes used in the simulations, with (a) a highly attenuating low-reflection polymer PDMS lid as used in Ref. [23], and (b) a stiff acoustically reflecting Pyrex glass lid. (c) The 12 pairs of grounded (g, black) and charged (c, red) electrodes, as well as the floating (f, blue) electrodes, are all included with their entire height, but in (d) they are lowered into the lithium niobate (yellow) to be level with the substrate. Note that λSAW = 2(Wel + Gel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-measured-and-simulated-values-of-the-frequencies-f-15xyug38.png TABLE V. Measured and simulated values of the frequencies f near the ideal (unloaded) frequency fSAW = 49.9 MHz, where |Zel( f )| and ψ( f ) have local minima and maxima in the Pyrex device D2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-amplitude-of-the-displacement-u-and-pressure-amplitude-2b89hnwj.png FIG. 4. Amplitude of the displacement |u| and pressure amplitude |p1| in the PDMS-lid device D1 and in the Pyrex-lid device D2 at their respective resonance frequencies f D1res = 47.75 MHz and f D2res = 46.50 MHz at V0 = 1 V. (a) Line plot of the z component |uz| along the vertical line x = Wel (the center of the middle electrode) from the bottom of the substrate (beige), through the water (blue), to the top of the PDMS lid (green). (b) As in (a), but for the Pyrex-lid device D2. (c) Line plot of |u| along the top (z = Hfl) and bottom (z = 0) of the channel in D1 (x < 0) and in D2 (x > 0). The dark gray and pink rectangles for −12 < x/λSAW < 12 represent the IDT electrodes. (d) As in panel (c), but for |p1| along the horizontal lines at z/Hfl = 36 , 26 , and 16 inside the channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-6-mdof-simulation-of-a-millimeter-sized-pyrex-lid-2rgw3xoq.png FIG. 6. 4.6 MDOF simulation of a millimeter-sized Pyrex-lid device D2 in three dimensions actuated at fSAW = 50 MHz. Surface plot of the electric potential V [from −4.35 (purple) to 4.35 V (light cyan), rescaled from V0 = 1 V] in the piezoelectric substrate, combined with a slice plot at y = 12Lsl of the acousticpressure magnitude |p1| [from 0 (black) to 566 kPa (yellow)] in the channel and the magnitude of the displacement |u| [from 0 (blue) to 0.05 nm (red)] in the surrounding Pyrex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-acoustic-streaming-in-the-horizontal-x-y-plane-of-the-20tn515a.png FIG. 7. Acoustic streaming in the horizontal x-y plane of the Pyrex-lid device D2. (a) Experimental top view of device D2 containing suspended 0.75-μm-diameter polystyrene particles (white), actuated at 50 MHz with V0 = 4.35 V. Arrows (cyan) indicate the flow direction, and the blue dashed rectangle indicates the area shown in (b). (b) Colored-arrow plot of the simulated streaming-velocity field v2 [from 0 (blue) to 66 μm/s (red)] in the 3D model actuated as in panel (a). The black stripes represent the electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-and-numeric-testing-devices-a-testing-2c8p1i4l.png FIG. 1. Experimental and numeric testing devices. (a) Testing device similar to that of Ref. [23]. A wide lithium niobate base with a 24-pair interdigitated surface metal electrode (IDT) and contact pads (grounded, g; charged, c) supports a borosilicate (Pyrex) glass slab containing an etched microchannel above the IDT. (b) 3D sketch of the numerical model, containing only a three-pair electrode (grounded, g, black; charged, c, red) and three floating electrodes (f, blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-microparticle-acoustophoresis-in-experiments-and-in-19z6yj3y.png FIG. 5. Microparticle acoustophoresis in experiments and in simulations for actuation frequency fSAW = 49.9 MHz and driving voltage V0 = 4.35 V, with rescaling of the simulation from 1 to 4.35 V. (a) Top-view photograph (x-y plane) at height z = 45 μm above the center region of the IDT array in device D1, where suspended 1.7-μm-diameter fluorescent polystyrene particles (white) are focused above the edge of each metal electrode (black). (b) Numerical simulations in the vertical x-z plane over a single electrode pair [6λSAW < x < 7λSAW, the yellow line in panel (a)] in the fluid domain of device D1 with (to the left) a color plot of the magnitude |v2| [from 0 (blue) to 66 μm/s (yellow)] of the streaming velocity v2, and (to the right) a gray-scale plot of |f rad| [from 0 (black) to 0.4 pN/μm3 (white)] of the acoustic radiation force density f rad. Superimposed are colored vector plots of v2 [from 0 (blue) to 66 μm/s (red)] and of f rad [from 0 (blue) to 0.4 pN/μm3 (red)]. (c) Color-comet-tail plot of the simulated acoustophoretic motion of 247 0.1-μm-diameter spherical polystyrene particles (to the left), superimposed on the gray-scale plot of |f rad| from panel (b), 0.5 s after being released from initial positions on a regular 13× 19 grid to the left of the green-dashed centerline. Similarly for 1.7-μmdiameter particles to the right. The comet tail indicates the direction of the velocity, with the length and color representing the speed, from 0 (dark blue) to 66 μm/s (orange). The percentages indicate the proportion of particles accumulating in these final positions: the blue set for a homogeneous initial particle distribution, and the purple set for an inhomogeneous initial particle distribution created by 3 min of sedimentation. (d) Color plot in the vertical x-z plane below a single electrode pair 5λSAW < x < 6λSAW of the numerically simulated electric potential V, from −4.35 (light cyan) to 4.35 V (purple), in the lithium niobate substrate. The width and x position of the grounded and charged electrodes in the IDT pair are represented by the black (ge) and red (ce) rectangles, respectively. (e)–(h) As in (a)–(d) but for the Pyrex-lid device D2, with the image in (e) captured at height z = 15 μm, and in (f) the gray scale for |v2| is from 0 (blue) to 76 μm/s (yellow) and |f rad| from 0 (black) to 7.4 pN/μm3 (white). https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-real-time-synthetic-aperture-imaging-using-39ip4e81un 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scanned-volume-has-a-conical-shape-the-362k81qo.png Figure 1: The scanned volume has a conical shape. The transducer rotates at a constant speed. The transmissions are done with a single element. The reception is done with all transducer element. The active elements are drawn in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-received-by-the-array-echo-carries-information-6jfnem2t.png Figure 2: The received by the array echo carries information from a thick slice. A plane from the volume is covered by several such slices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scan-of-a-cysts-phantom-a-screen-shot-from-the-i1jqmk1g.png Figure 4: Scan of a cysts phantom. A screen-shot from the visualization program is given on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-point-spread-function-the-top-plot-shows-a-gb0kunkl.png Figure 3: The point spread function. The top plot shows a Cscan (parallel to the surface of the transducer) and the bottom plot shows a B-mode scan. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-simulation-of-focused-ion-beam-processing-4pdplg0gwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-surface-profile-after-four-passes-of-a-1ehghbp3.png Fig. 5. Final surface profile after four passes of a serpentine scan over 30×6 pixels with a dwell time of 1ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-a-serpentine-scan-strategy-1rf58eyv.png Fig. 3. Illustration of a serpentine scan strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parallel-benchmarks-of-our-simulation-approach-12zi6ck5.png TABLE I PARALLEL BENCHMARKS OF OUR SIMULATION APPROACH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ion-beam-milling-of-a-step-structure-for-an-incident-2ob8uan6.png Fig. 2. Ion beam milling of a step structure for an incident angle of 45◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-box-milling-with-a-single-serpentine-scan-over-30x-6-1jy4535b.png Fig. 4. Box milling with a single serpentine scan over 30× 6 pixels with dwell time of 4ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sputter-yield-vs-incident-angle-as-used-for-all-1vavmqbs.png Fig. 1. The sputter yield vs. incident angle as used for all simulations presented in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-speckle-suppression-in-optical-coherence-11qbt5xyoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-image-quality-metrics-21k5q6ih.png Table 1. Image Quality Metrics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-snr-and-crosscorrelation-as-a-function-of-different-uvwyya4s.png Fig. 6. SNR and Crosscorrelation as a function of different threshold k in the 3D despeckling algorithm. The algorithm improves the most SNR of 32.59 dB at k=0.5, and the crosscorrelation between the original image and the despeckled image is 0.914. The crosscorrelation does not change much between k=0.6 and k=1.0, which demonstrates the curvelet transform’s advantage in despeckling, as further explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-same-images-shown-in-fig-2-but-after-3m9ptd0u.png Fig. 5. (color online) the same images shown in Fig. 2, but after denoising by the 2D curvelet algorithm. The features indicated by the black arrows are preserved and made more distinct by the despeckling process, but to a less degree than the 3D algorithm. The layers of tissue where the white arrows reside are significantly attenuated, while those in 3D are largely preserved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-a-schematic-of-the-curvelet-partitioning-of-fx-fy-2iyi813k.png Fig. 1. Left: A schematic of the curvelet partitioning of fx-fy domain. The number of scales is 6, and the number of orientations at the second scale is 8. Right: two example curvelets, shown for the scale and orientation A and B, respectively. The curvelet A is along horizontal direction, while B is along a dipping direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-cross-section-signals-along-the-three-vfu24jsy.png Fig. 4. (color online) the cross section signals along the three white dot lines in Fig. 2, before (blue dotted) and after (red solid) denoising. The edge sharpness of the original image is well preserved in the denoising process. The denoising process also makes clearer the layered structure of the retina, as indicated by the more distinct peak values in the denoised signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-same-images-shown-in-fig-2-but-after-6q3lkp15.png Fig. 3. (color online) the same images shown in Fig. 2, but after denoising, and shown on the same color scale. The black arrow in (b) indicates the photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction that is preserved and made more distinct by the despeckling process. The two black arrows in (c) indicate two yellow features that are preserved and made more distinct by the despeckling process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-acquired-cross-sectional-retina-images-4w3xa0hj.png Fig. 2. (color online) acquired cross-sectional retina images before denoising at different planes: (a) x-y plane (B-scan plane), (b) x-z plane along the vertical solid white line in (a), and (c) the cross-section image in the y-z plane along the horizontal solid white line in (a). The white dotted lines in the figure indicate where the signals in Fig. 5 are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-w-band-klystrino-simulation-4i00vyhyq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-macroparticles-and-electric-field-in-the-output-1hzqm85j.png Figure 6: Macroparticles and electric field in the output cavity with attached coupler after 500 periods. The different colours of the macroparticles do not indicate different species. They are used for identifying the particles being emitted at the same transversal positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-extracted-power-as-a-function-of-time-for-the-qfaztezq.png Figure 7: The extracted power as a function of time for the first 130 periods. The lower margin of the envelope is the power in higher harmonics. The upper margin is the total power in all harmonics. The average power after 130 periods is about 1 kW. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-in-a-structure-with-tapered-output-2h35myqm.png Figure 4: distribution in a structure with tapered output cavity. The data is recorded after 250 periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-average-of-the-values-of-fig-4-as-a-function-of-1eo8tznl.png Figure 5: The average of the values of fig. 4 as a function of z. One sees that the output cavity extracts already 30 % of the kinetic energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-in-a-structure-with-output-cavity-its-first-99q94czk.png Figure 3: plot in a structure with output cavity. Its first gap is located at z=10 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-in-a-structure-with-only-the-modulating-cavity-bkg9axnx.png Figure 2: plot in a structure with only the modulating cavity. The optimum position of the output structure seems to be near 15 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-wedge-filling-in-ordered-and-disordered-3e87js3sig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-substrate-interface-interaction-paths-dashed-lines-15sig2gi.png Figure 5. Substrate-interface interaction paths (dashed lines) for the wedge filling transition in the model of Rejmer et al [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-picture-of-the-tilt-fluctuations-of-the-3i1wmcez.png Figure 7. Schematic picture of the tilt fluctuations of the filled region in a section of a 3D wedge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-of-the-reduced-midpoint-interface-height-lw-xb-3bgaw0im.png Figure 4. Plot of the reduced midpoint interface height, lw/ξb, against the reduced surface magnetisation, m1/m0, for a range of α between approximately 15◦ (bottom) and 75◦ (top). The dashed line corresponds to α = 45◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-contact-angle-at-the-filling-transition-20bxkbyx.png Figure 3. Plot of the contact angle at the filling transition, θ, against the wedge angle, α. The error bars on θ lie within the circles. The continuous line corresponds to the theoretical prediction Equation (5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-vapour-liquid-interface-at-complete-wetting-in-onrqe9y8.png Figure 6. The vapour-liquid interface at complete wetting in a constrained geometry across the x−axis. See text for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-capped-wedge-geometry-used-for-the-landau-pn1ju66v.png Figure 2. Typical capped wedge geometry used for the Landau numerical calculations. The magnetisation has a fixed value m1 at the wedge boundaries and the bulk value m0 at z = L1. Here, α = 45◦ and L1 = L2 ≈ 30ξb. Two solutions corresponding to either side of a filling transition are shown: the lower interface for m1/m0 = 0.5 and the upper interface for m1/m0 = 0.55. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-typical-interfacial-1gkojq2z.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a typical interfacial configuration in the 3D wedge geometry and the typical diverging lengthscales at the filling transition. Note that lw = 〈l0〉. https://scispace.com/papers/three-new-ceratocystis-spp-in-the-ceratocystis-moniliformis-43cvuea4o3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-morphological-characteristics-of-ceratocystis-1zxek8ez.png Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of Ceratocystis sumatrana (CMW 21113). a. Globose ascoma with long neck. b. Ascomatal base with conical spines and hyphal ornamentation. c. Ascomatal neck with disc-shaped attachment at base. d. Divergent ostiolar hyphae. e. Hat-shaped ascospores in side view. f. Cylindrical conidia. g. Barrel-shaped conidia. h. Primary phialide. i. Secondary phialide. Bars a 100 μm; c, d 10 μm; b, e–i 5 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-characteristics-of-indonesian-8hvod5dt.png Table 1. Morphological characteristics of Indonesian Ceratocystis species collected in this study compared to C. omanensis (Al-Subhi et al. 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-morphological-characteristics-of-ceratocystis-3fx1t13k.png Fig. 4. Morphological characteristics of Ceratocystis inquinans (CMW 21106). a. Globose ascoma with long neck. b. Ascomatal base with conical spines and hyphal ornamentation. c. Ascomatal neck with disc-shaped attachment at base. d. Divergent ostiolar hyphae. e. Hat-shaped ascospores in side view. f. Primary phialide. g. Secondary phialide. h. Barrel-shaped conidia. i. Cylindrical conidia. Bars a, c, e 50 μm; d 10 μm; b, f–i 5 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-morphological-characteristics-of-ceratocystis-9s65auo4.png Fig. 6. Morphological characteristics of Ceratocystis microbasis (CMW 21117). a. Globose ascoma with long neck. b. Ascomatal base with conical spines and hyphal ornamentation. c. Ascomatal neck with disc-shaped attachment at base. d Divergent ostiolar hyphae e. Hat-shaped ascospores in side view. f. Conidiophore/phialide. g. Cylindrical conidia. Bars a 100 μm; c 50 μm; d 10 μm; b, e–g 5 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/three-merry-roads-to-t-violation-2fmjfxp9n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-application-of-kabirs-principle-if-the-decay-k0-k0-kxqxwaf2.png Figure 2: Application of Kabir’s Principle. If the decay K0 → K̄0 happens more often than the time-reversed decay K̄0 → K0, then the interaction is T -violating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-kl-p-p-decay-by-curies-principle-this-asymmetry-234kqv0t.png Figure 1: The KL → π+π− decay. By Curie’s Principle, this asymmetry between an initial state and a final state implies an asymmetry in the laws. https://scispace.com/papers/three-new-species-of-blood-flukes-digenea-aporocotylidae-3aywl4lqsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genbank-accession-numbers-for-its2-and-partial-28s-3uc19ose.png Table 1: GenBank accession numbers for ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA sequences generated during this study. The number of sequence replicates are in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-pairwise-differences-among-sequences-of-284kbamb.png Table 3: Total pairwise differences among sequences of tetraodontid-infecting aporocotylids, with ITS2 sequences above and 28S sequences below the diagonal. Replicate sequences of Psettarium ogawai n. sp. and P. pulchella n. sp., showing a single base-pair difference in the ITS2 region, are provided. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-aporocotylid-species-known-from-the-11ne26ec.png Table 4: List of aporocotylid species known from the Tetraodontidae, their hosts and typelocalities. https://scispace.com/papers/three-novel-mutations-in-asip-associated-with-black-fibre-in-391sxabjaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-potential-effect-of-amino-acid-substitution-on-asip-3tsrs725.png Table 6. Potential effect of amino acid substitution on ASIP structure or function https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mc1r-genotypes-of-non-black-animals-with-aa-5y5hsoqd.png Table 5. MC1R Genotypes of non-black animals with aa genotypes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-colour-phenotypes-of-alpacas-used-in-the-current-27opdit5.png Table 1. Colour phenotypes of alpacas used in the current study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primer-pairs-designed-for-amplification-of-asip-b632wfn4.png Table 2. Primer pairs designed for amplification of ASIP exons from genomic DNA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-polymorphisms-identified-in-the-alpaca-asip-gene-15cttpil.png Table 3. Polymorphisms identified in the alpaca ASIP gene https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-asip-genotypes-of-the-three-significant-exon-4-13m90h31.png Table 4. ASIP genotypes of the three significant exon 4 polymorphisms examined in the current study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-alpacaasip-gene-a-coding-exons-2-3-and-4-are-shown-7gr6wxzl.png Fig. 1. The alpacaASIP gene. (a) Coding exons 2, 3 and 4 are shown as solid boxes. Untranslated regions are shown as dashed lines (not to scale). Polymorphisms are shown in the regions where they occur. Indicated intron size was determined from the Ensembl genome assembly. (b) The predicted alpaca wild-type ASIP protein. The conserved cysteine residues in the C-terminus are underlined, the secretion signal is shown as a dotted box. Predicted exon 4 protein sequences for the R98C, R118H (grey boxes) and C109_R127del mutations are shown below the wild-type protein. https://scispace.com/papers/threshold-effects-on-angular-distributions-for-multiphoton-1k4hpxdhff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-photon-detachment-ad-at-a-v-0-4-and-b-0-8-and-low-n7ordn1e.png FIG. 1. 3-photon detachment AD at (a) v 0.4 and (b) 0.8 and low intensity for right and left elliptically polarized light. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-ed-parameter-d-dw-h-dv-2-dw-2h-dv-dw-h-dv-1-dw-dvpjigfl.png FIG. 4. Total ED parameter d dW h dV 2 dW 2h dV dW h dV 1 dW 2h dV as a function of field amplitude for four different frequencies. Ellipticity is h 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-photon-left-and-3-photon-right-detachment-ads-at-v-0-z6kk1esy.png FIG. 3. 2-photon (left) and 3-photon (right) detachment ADs at v 0.8 and h 0.4 and several values of the peak field strength, as indicated in the figure. The directions of ê and k̂ are the same as Fig. 1. The different figures have been scaled so that they have the same size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ed-parameter-d-n-vs-frequency-for-the-low-nykpvpr9.png FIG. 2. The ED parameter d n vs frequency, for the low intensity (perturbative) regime. Ellipticity is h 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/thrombolysis-in-myocardial-infarction-risk-score-in-an-3gvfymyqu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timi-risk-score-components-65cwfber.png Table 2. TIMI risk score components https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-population-n-2231-1g116aaj.png Table 1. Demographics of population (N=2,231) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thirty-day-and-1-year-rates-of-significant-1i9z8y09.png Table 4. Thirty-day and 1-year Rates of Significant Indicators of Coronary Artery Disease by TIMI Risk Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stress-test-results-by-timi-score-l3lnfe8c.png Table 5. Stress Test Results by TIMI score https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-significant-indicators-for-coronary-artery-1g82duyl.png Table 3. Total Significant Indicators for Coronary Artery Disease at 30 days and 1 year (n=2, 228) https://scispace.com/papers/tight-wavelet-frames-on-multislice-graphs-4mvptds941 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-a-cycle-graph-that-corresponds-to-an-1o98moug.png Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of a cycle graph that corresponds to an equispaced sampling grid of a one-dimensional signal; (b) the spectral graph wavelet for the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-adjacency-tensor-is-constructed-from-a-stack-of-3ibuewa5.png Fig. 3. An adjacency tensor is constructed from a stack of adjacency matrices . The HOSVD decomposes into a core tensor with symmetric frontal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eigennetworks-for-the-top-plots-show-the-corresponding-3g3km12f.png Fig. 8. Eigennetworks for . The top plots show the corresponding column overlaid on the stimulus paradigm (gray-shaded areas indicate the movie condition). The eigennetworks show the edge weights between 88 brain regions, ordered by lobe (frontal, limbic, occipital, parietal, subcortical, temporal) and with homologous regions adjacent to each other (e.g., left precentral cortex followed by right precentral cortex). The colorbars are symmetric around zero, i.e., red colors indicate positive edge weights, blue colors negative ones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-difference-of-the-energy-of-the-wavelet-coefficients-2rzq48gg.png Fig. 10. Difference of the energy of the wavelet coefficients of the fMRI data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-adjacency-matrix-of-the-88-88-brain-graph-built-from-9pev0obr.png Fig. 9. (a) Adjacency matrix of the 88 88 brain graph built from the first and second eigennetworks, ; (b) visualization of the graph in brain space, with nodes colored according to their anatomical location (light blue frontal lobe, dark blue limbic, red occipital, yellow parietal, orange subcortical, green temporal); (c-e) the energy of scaling and wavelet coefficients from coarse to fine scale, scales and a Simoncelli-like design; (f) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-neighborhoods-of-4-different-grid-graphs-dashed-lines-3rstzfs7.png Fig. 4. Neighborhoods of 4 different grid graphs. Dashed lines indicate edge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-wavelets-constructed-from-various-combinations-1oqqmaas.png Fig. 5. Graph wavelets constructed from various combinations of eigennetworks diffuse along different directions: (a) location of the wavelet on the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wavelet-coefficients-of-the-cameraman-image-128-128-1dckws11.png Fig. 6. Wavelet coefficients of the cameraman image (128 128 pixels), where https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-contribution-of-non-neuronal-cells-to-bdnf-5agztj9a34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationship-between-gfap-expression-and-the-1s11ta0y.png Fig. 7. Relationship between GFAP expression and the hemispheric BDNF content or the degree of embolization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cellular-bdnf-localization-in-the-lesioned-p5knfzvv.png Table 1: Cellular BDNF localization in the lesioned hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-micrographs-of-bdnf-staining-in-the-25x1ng1v.png Fig. 3. Representative micrographs of BDNF staining in the presence of DAPI nuclear labeling in intact (A, B) and 4h-embolized rat (C, D, E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representative-micrographs-of-bdnf-staining-in-24h-2hcp80ca.png Fig. 4. Representative micrographs of BDNF staining in 24h-embolized rats (A-F). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-individual-degree-of-embolization-in-4h-24h-and-8d-30gr3alh.png Fig. 1. Individual degree of embolization in 4h-, 24h- and 8d embolized rats. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-stroke-on-bdnf-production-t0udpql0.png Fig. 6. Effect of stroke on BDNF production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-the-hemispheric-bdnf-content-and-354sopxl.png Fig. 2. Relationship between the hemispheric BDNF content and the degree of embolization. The association was assessed in 4h- (A), 24h- (B) or 8d- (C) embolized rats. Each dot represents a rat in which BDNF levels were separately measured in the lesioned (black dot) and the unlesioned (empty dots) hemispheres. https://scispace.com/papers/time-delay-estimation-based-on-multi-band-multi-carrier-3ek3acdyn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-amplitude-of-the-cross-correlation-function-of-2x2xl9ob.png Figure 1: The amplitude of the cross-correlation function of a two edge pilots (a), and a five equally spaced pilots (b). Besides the pilot subcarriers, other subcarriers are muted. The overall signal power is identical in both cases and the signal bandwidth is assumed to be 10 MHz. The horizontal axis shows the time delay estimate normalized by the sample interval (i.e., Ts = 10−7 s). Since the actual propagation delay is offset to zero for this graph, the main lobe of the correlation function occurs at τ̃ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectrum-of-a-multiband-signal-for-ranging-and-1aaqmdi2.png Figure 3: Spectrum of a multiband signal for ranging and positioning, in which the carrier spacing ∆ fc between two adjacent bands is assumed to be the same for the ease of the derivation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-envelope-of-the-multipath-time-delay-estimation-31hulqx7.png Figure 2: The envelope of the multipath time delay estimation error, as a single band OFDM signal with only M = 2 edge subcarriers (a) and M = 5 equally spaced pilots are transmitted for time delay estimation and ranging, and the relative attenuation α2 = 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectrum-of-two-groups-of-multiband-signals-which-3571ci2i.png Figure 5: Spectrum of two groups of multiband signals, which are sparsely located, with a spacing of ∆Fc . This signal is referred to as a sparse multiband signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-an-example-of-a-generated-channel-impulse-6cm6ld3w.png Figure 9: (a) An example of a generated channel impulse response, the LoS path has magnitude 1 at delay 0 Ts . All reflections are assumed to be at least 3 m away from the LoS path (i.e., the relative delay of reflections is always larger than 0.1 Ts). (b) Root mean square error of ranging in a simple single path channel which are identical to Fig. 8, and multipath channel based ten consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-9}), twenty consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-19}), and two groups of multiband signals shown in Fig. 5 (e.g. band:{0-9,40-49}, ∆Fc = 400 MHz), respectively. In addition, the RMSE is computed from 1000 simulations and the sampling frequency offset is fixed to 100 ppm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-root-mean-square-error-of-ranging-based-on-a-single-2gwu3n0r.png Figure 8: Root mean square error of ranging based on a single band OFDM signal (e.g. band:{0}), ten consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-9}), twenty consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-19}), and two groups of multiband signals shown in Fig. 5 (e.g. band:{0-9,40-49}, ∆Fc = 400 MHz), respectively. The RMSE is computed based on 1000 independent simulations. In addition, the sampling frequency offset is fixed to 100 ppm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ranging-error-because-of-a-sampling-frequency-2nqihx3f.png Figure 7: Ranging error because of a sampling frequency offset in an ideal channel (i.e., no noise and multipath), when the ranging signal consists of a single band OFDM signal (e.g. band:{0}), two consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-1}), five consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-4}), and ten consecutive bands (e.g. band:{0-9}), respectively. Each band has a 10 MHz signal bandwidth, and all subcarrier (i.e., N = 64) are used for time delay estimation and ranging. The central carrier spacing ∆ fc is 10 MHz. For comparison, the ranging error due to the sampling clock offset in a single band OFDM signal derived in (24) is shown as a dashed line, which is very close the empirical ranging error shown as a solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-correlation-based-on-a-single-band-ofdm-1bhorf4q.png Figure 6: Cross correlation based on a single band OFDM signal and ten consecutive signal bands, which are received simultaneously, in the presence of a sampling frequency offset. https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-thermal-transport-theory-18womn58ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-current-in-the-tight-binding-system-of-fig-1-vs-3ek36l8v.png FIG. 4. Energy current in the tight-binding system of Fig. 1 vs temperature gradient introduced by the blackbody radiations around the environmental temperature TE. For this plot, we have used hSi ¼ 15=μ0c close to the maximum current of Fig. 3, and N ¼ 4000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-relaxation-dynamics-of-the-occupation-1on6o94h.png FIG. 2 (color online). Relaxation dynamics of the occupation probabilities of the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian (4). These results have been obtained by averaging over 4000 realizations of the stochastic noise. The inset shows the vanishing energy current through the system when the number of runs of the stochastic process N increases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-setup-under-consideration-mgqg0llr.png FIG. 1 (color online). Sketch of the setup under consideration. The tight binding sites are labeled by 1 to 6 and are connected on the left and right side to two blackbody radiations at different temperature, TL and TR. This system is embedded in an environment at temperature TE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-steady-state-energy-current-on-the-ombbt3t5.png FIG. 3. Dependence of the steady-state energy current on the coupling strength hSi for kBTE ¼ 10 and N ¼ 4000. A turnover in the energy current can be observed. https://scispace.com/papers/time-of-day-influences-psychophysical-measures-in-women-with-2b0q4sr7fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-comparison-of-levels-forearm-responses-in-bms-1wywc9hr.png Figure 4: Total comparison of “levels” forearm responses in BMS patients relative to healthy participants. Averaged intensity (left) and unpleasantness (right) responses per temperature and the respective standard deviation. The boxplot (bottom) shows the overall effect of healthy and BMS patients on pain intensity and unpleasantness as AUC. *p<0.05. ***p<0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-morning-versus-afternoon-temperature-detection-and-27tjqpm9.png Figure 3: Morning versus afternoon temperature detection and pain threshold in BMS patients and healthy participants. Face (top) and forearm (bottom) measures. * p<0.05, ** p<0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-comparison-of-temperature-detection-and-pain-o0owldxx.png Figure 2: Total comparison of temperature detection and pain threshold in BMS patients compared to healthy participants. WDT, CDT, HPT are shown consecutively in order of exposure to the face (top) and forearm (bottom). *p<0.05 and **p<0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-comparison-of-pressure-pain-thresholds-for-gjk7gwt6.png Figure 6: Total comparison of pressure pain thresholds for face (top) and extremity (bottom) of BMS patients and healthy participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pain-intensity-ratings-of-bms-patients-across-8-3bcfuzwv.png Figure 1: Pain intensity ratings of BMS patients across 8 days. The box spans the interquartile range, whiskers represent the full range, horizontal line within each box mark the median, and the + represents the mean. *p=0.02, ***p=0.0003, and ****p<0.0001 compared to wake. NRS: numerical rating scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-participants-and-ages-s-d-standard-lstwi4sj.png Table 1: number of participants and ages. s.d. standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-morning-versus-afternoon-levels-forearm-responses-1wt8uhlt.png Figure 5: Morning versus afternoon “levels” forearm responses in BMS patients and https://scispace.com/papers/time-function-reliability-of-harbour-infrastructures-from-117m9u4wqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selection-of-basic-random-variables-for-initial-247vawnj.png Table 2. Selection of basic random variables for initial reliability assessment (t = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-reliability-index-with-time-2jy0wo3m.png Figure 7. Evolution of the reliability index with time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-main-geometrical-and-mechanical-characteristics-of-39tsd6b3.png Figure 4. Main geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the quay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-importance-factors-with-time-point-of-1k0mh6iz.png Figure 8. Evolution of importance factors with time (point of the section towards the seaside excavation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-importance-factors-with-time-tie-rod-3n7u518x.png Figure 9. Evolution of importance factors with time (tie-rod zone). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-95-fractiles-of-bending-moment-and-stress-with-1h04gzfo.png Figure 5. 95% fractiles of bending moment and stress with depth in the steel sheet-piles seawall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-the-mean-and-the-standard-deviation-of-38rna4cn.png Figure 1. Evolution of the mean and the standard deviation of loss of thickness with time in each zone (exponential fitting). Legend: ZS = splash zone; ZT = tidal zone; ZL = low seawater level zone; ZI = immersion zone; ZM = mud zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-horizontal-displacement-with-depth-along-the-steel-qem3rgf6.png Figure 6. Horizontal displacement with depth along the steel sheet-piles seawall. https://scispace.com/papers/time-optimal-control-of-a-particle-in-a-dielectrophoretic-2f5puvvz23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-construction-of-the-increment-map-a-b-32g0r7w5.png Fig. 7. Construction of the -increment map . (a) . (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-idling-arcs-do-not-contribute-to-the-net-displacement-2763awym.png Fig. 8. Idling arcs do not contribute to the net displacement of a particle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-level-set-is-diffeomorphic-to-where-the-15porkup.png Fig. 11. Level set is diffeomorphic to where the https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-time-costs-of-the-first-five-extremals-2epg49es.png TABLE I TIME COSTS OF THE FIRST FIVE EXTREMALS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-state-of-the-optimal-trajectory-and-the-corresponding-6ud99wgg.png Fig. 12. State of the optimal trajectory and the corresponding op- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-portrait-in-the-plane-when-and-depending-on-the-3ihptru6.png Fig. 4. Phase portrait in the plane when and . Depending on the sign of , the -intercept, , of the switching line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-portrait-in-the-plane-when-and-the-segment-1fg9oduo.png Fig. 3. Phase portrait in the plane when and . The segment between and is the set of equilibria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-portrait-in-the-plane-when-and-1xj5lx0e.png Fig. 2. Phase portrait in the - plane when and . https://scispace.com/papers/time-randomized-stopping-problems-for-a-family-of-utility-529zub1dmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-value-of-function-ay-ps-k-x-for-different-fixed-values-wsuxk78l.png Fig. 4. Value of function AY ψ(k, x) for different fixed values of k, with respect to x. Case μ = 0.5 and choice of measure U(x) = log(x). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-numerical-examples-of-the-value-of-functions-ay-ps-k-x-3f30cz6v.png Fig. 2. Numerical examples of the value of functions AY ψ(k, x) with respect to x, for different fixed values of k. Here, μ = 0.5, σ = 1, ω = 4, and n = 5; the left-hand side plot corresponds to U(x) = 1 2 (x3/2 + x4/3), and on the right-hand side we have U(x) = 1 2 (x1/2 + x1/4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimate-of-continuous-optimal-selling-boundary-for-2h2hgfqw.png Fig. 3. Estimate of continuous optimal selling boundary for fixed terminal time parameter T = 10, λ = −0.25, σ = 1. The number of breaks n used to build this estimate is 40, ν = 4. The time τ stands for the optimal stopping time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-realization-with-n-10-and-u-x-x-the-straight-33qpj5rq.png Fig. 1. Example realization with n = 10 and U(x) = x. The straight horizontal lines correspond to the optimal stopping boundary ζ∗. The dynamics of Xx are plotted in the jagged line. Here, τ is the optimal stopping time. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-fluctuation-during-the-photochemical-reaction-3odogu8kvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hwdx74df.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h6enfqxs.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2xpsu3cy.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-12m5ljjl.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1vcrfy7n.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3c8hxlsz.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3fp462kr.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-z6pwau3u.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-two-dimensional-imaging-of-ground-state-4etw4qubz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-apparatus-the-pump-laser-beam-passes-20ozzie9.png FIG. 2. Experimental apparatus. The pump laser beam passes through the gap perpendicular to the imaging axis. https://scispace.com/papers/time-resolved-tomographic-measurements-of-temperatures-in-a-4rbyu1nqaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-f4-eps-y9knjdfs.png Figure 4 (f4.eps) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-f10-eps-3ieb4ye2.png Figure 10 (f10.eps) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-temperature-values-and-their-fluctuations-in-g7npprg9.png Table 1. Mean temperature values and their fluctuations in various parts of the plasma jet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-f1-eps-ljb69pqj.png Figure 1 (f1.eps) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-f5-eps-1lmxnx2g.png Figure 5 (f5.eps) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-f8-eps-10c9t1jq.png Figure 8 (f8.eps) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-f3-eps-kisladdb.png Figure 3 (f3.eps) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dependence-of-axial-and-edge-temperatures-on-1kr4gyae.png Table 2. Dependence of axial and edge temperatures on relative concentration of air in the boundary region. https://scispace.com/papers/time-to-plan-lags-for-commercial-construction-projects-4j58zk0h0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-of-estimated-place-fixed-effects-on-the-19item5a.png Table 9 Regression of Estimated Place Fixed Effects on the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index and Components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-project-and-county-m0f1dwuv.png Table 2 Summary Statistics: Project and County Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-type-of-building-type-of-ftv6uj62.png Table 1 Summary Statistics: Type of Building, Type of Construction, and Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-time-effects-22yux64v.png Table 5 Regression Results for Time Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-change-in-characteristics-on-planning-2v6mkpd7.png Table 4 Effects of Change in Characteristics on Planning Duration (in months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-change-in-year-effect-coefficients-b354bd7v.png Table 6 Change in Year-Effect Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-time-to-plan-in-months-3eht57h3.png Table 7 Mean Time to Plan (in months) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-components-of-the-wharton-residential-land-use-1gaxu8ug.png Table 8 Components of the Wharton Residential Land-Use Regulatory Index https://scispace.com/papers/time-to-surgery-for-fractured-neck-of-femur-in-the-waikato-2xfekgjsvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-and-the-time-to-surgery-upz0rk1b.png Table 1: Patient demographics and the time to surgery, transfer and discharge for rural hospitals in Waikato District Health Board and Waikato Hospital between 2017 and 2019. https://scispace.com/papers/time-reversal-violation-from-the-entangled-b-0-overline-b-0-1m5vlw9npz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-two-t-conjugate-transitions-in-an-3j7h7xqe.png Figure 1. Sketch of two T -conjugate transitions in an experimental B factory scheme. The observation of the final states associated to the T -transformed transitions is divided into three well defined steps. We first observe the decay of one of the entangled B particles, produced in the Υ (4S) decay, into a definite flavor (or a definite CP ) decay products at t1, preparing the state of the other entangled B particle, which has not yet decayed at t1, into its orthogonal state. This tagged B meson state evolves in time to finally decay at t2 > t1 into a CP (or a flavor) final state. It should be noted that T asymmetry is clearly different from the ∆t (t1 ↔ t2) exchange and CP asymmetries. In fact, in the former we require to compare the reference transition B0 → B−, flavor-tagged by ℓ+X and decayed to J/ψKS (ℓ +X ,J/ψKS), to the transition B− → B0, CP -tagged by J/ψKL and decayed to ℓ−X (J/ψKL,ℓ −X), whereas for ∆t and CP asymmetries the reference decay products must be compared to (J/ψKS,ℓ +X) and (ℓ−X ,J/ψKS), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expected-values-and-relations-among-the-asymmetry-3hpogljo.png Table 5. Expected values and relations among the asymmetry parameters under invariance of one of the three discrete space-time symmetry transformations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possible-comparisons-between-t-conjugated-3up73n1t.png Table 1. Possible comparisons between T -conjugated transitions and the associated time-ordered decay products in the experimental B factory scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-possible-comparisons-between-cp-conjugated-41y7r03a.png Table 2. Possible comparisons between CP -conjugated transitions and the associated time-ordered decay products in the experimental B factory scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-possible-comparisons-between-cpt-conjugated-1rpz0bye.png Table 3. Possible comparisons between CPT -conjugated transitions and the associated timeordered decay products in the experimental B factory scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-definition-of-the-t-cp-and-cpt-asymmetry-parameters-2eo5iaq3.png Table 4. Definition of the T -, CP -, and CPT -asymmetry parameters. These parameters are defined as the differences between the S±α,β, C ± α,β coefficients for two reference ∆t-exchanged processes and those of the corresponding symmetry-transformed transitions. In the central column we show the expected values based on the SM CP violation studies at B factory experiments, as given in Eqs. (3.3) and (3.4). The right column reports the fit results from one of the 350 simulated experiments described in Sec. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-four-independent-raw-t-asymmetries-18bm44sa.png Figure 2. The four independent raw T -asymmetries corresponding to the four possible comparisons between T -conjugated and reference transitions a) B0 → B− (ℓ+X, ccKS), b) B+ → B0 (ccKS, ℓ +X), c) B0 → B+ (ℓ+X, J/ψKL), and d) B− → B0 (J/ψKL, ℓ+X) of Table 1, for one of the 350 simulation experiments and combining flavor categories with low mistag (isolated leptons and kaons), for a signal enriched region. The points with error bars represent the simulated data, the solid (red) curves represent the projections of the best fit results, while the dashed (blue) curves represent the projection of the best fit assuming T invariance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-root-mean-square-r-m-s-of-the-residual-distribution-heeldu39.png Table 6. Root mean square (r.m.s.) of the residual distribution (fit minus generated values), mean of the fit uncertainty, and the r.m.s of the fit uncertainty, for each of the asymmetry parameters from the 350 simulation experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/time-varying-global-financial-market-inefficiency-an-l999bi5p7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-girs-of-hsi-to-one-s-e-shock-in-cnx-500-ta-100-and-1xoflu7o.png Fig. 9 GIRs of HSI to one S.E shock in CNX-500, TA-100 and FTSE TOP-40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2i7si6yy.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-representation-of-all-major-global-indices-33kniuii.png Fig. 2 Graphical Representation of all major Global Indices NOTES: Shaded area corresponds Sub-Prime Crisis Period (July 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-lag-length-determination-for-major-global-stock-yrjj2oxv.png Table 6 Lag length determination for major global stock market indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unit-root-test-of-global-market-returns-indices-gqc903lm.png Table 3 Unit root test of global market returns indices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-the-major-global-indices-1qoscx1m.png Fig. 1 Graphical representation of the major global indices NOTES: shaded area corresponds to subprime crisis period (July 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-global-index-returns-for-1v6np41f.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-var-ganger-causality-block-exogeneity-wald-tests-3op7l169.png Table 7 VAR ganger causality/ block exogeneity WALD tests https://scispace.com/papers/timed-temporal-logics-4juqke1fjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-run-p-of-a-timed-automaton-and-its-value-against-1dikrqkb.png Fig. 1. A run π of a timed automaton, and its value against some formulas https://scispace.com/papers/timing-analysis-techniques-review-for-sub-30-nm-circuit-1ysq4xzn05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-process-variation-on-nbti-dvth-hjqed76y.png Table 1. The effect of process variation on NBTI (ΔVth) https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-mimicking-materials-for-a-multi-imaging-modality-187frdnfd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-t2scannerrelaxation-times-for-tm-materials-measured-szhmarxv.png TABLE X. T2scannerrelaxation times for TM materials measured using a 1.5 Ge Signa MRI scanner. Note that T2scannervalues are expected to greatl underestimate actual T2’s. Best estimates of actual T2’s are given in T VIII. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-t2-relaxation-times-in-ms-for-tm-materials-1wht5osz.png TABLE VIII. T2 relaxation times in ms for TM materials measured on a MHz relaxometer. The uncertainties corresponding to a specific value ot involve random error only. Instrumental errors may cause the variat with 2t. Compare means values~bottom row! with corresponding tissue T2 values in column six of Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-t1-relaxation-times-and-uncertainties-for-tm-20ktlucn.png TABLE VII. T1 relaxation times and uncertainties for TM materials me sured at 22 °C on a 40 MHz relaxometer. Compare with correspon tissue T1 values in column five of Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-long-term-stability-of-ultrasound-attenuation-at-6-2-2if5f7xy.png FIG. 6. Long-term stability of ultrasound attenuation at 6.2 MHz in TM material controls and TM materials in direct contact with each other.~a! TM prostate control and in contact with TM muscle 80 and alternative TM fat;~b! TM muscle control 80 and in contact with TM prostate and alternative TM fat; and~c! alternative TM fat control and in contact with TM prostate and TM muscle 80. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-published-us-propagation-speeds-for-human-soft-m5p9jg0l.png TABLE II. Published US propagation speeds for human soft tissues at body temperature relevant to a p phantom. Ultrasound propagation speed and attenuation values were not found for prostate in the lit Propagation speeds for another common gland, the liver, are given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-published-nmr-relaxation-time-t1-and-t2-data-for-14du158p.png TABLE I. Published NMR relaxation time~T1 and T2! data for relevant human soft tissues. Data are adap from Ref. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-ultrasound-attenuation-coefficients-propagation-le4hoo2u.png TABLE XI. Ultrasound attenuation coefficients, propagation speeds, and relative backscatter levels of TM materials measured at 22 °C. Note: attenuation coefficient4frequency are shown in parentheses. Compare propagation speed values with those for corresponding tissues in Table II.~Note: No values of propagation speed were found for real prostate; values for liver are shown in Table II as possibly relevant to prostate, both being glands! Compare values for attenuation coefficient4frequency with those for real tissues in Table III; again no values for real prostate were found in the literature, an values are shown in Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ultrasound-attenuation-dependence-on-frequency-the-aa8azy48.png FIG. 2. Ultrasound attenuation dependence on frequency. The data was to the curve of the forma5a0f n wherea is the attenuation coefficient,a0 is a constant, andf is the frequency. The values obtained forn are 1.06, 0.86, 0.90, and 2.16 for TM prostate, TM muscle, TM fat, and alternative TM respectively. The uncertainty for all values is about60.2 dB/cm. https://scispace.com/papers/tissue-specific-multiomics-analysis-of-atrial-fibrillation-37k4o9n93p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overlap-of-cis-qtl-associations-with-gwas-hits-1pymmevc.png Figure 3: Overlap of cis QTL associations with GWAS hits annotated in the GWAS catalogue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-illustration-of-the-strategy-for-trans-o12rxoym.png Figure 4: Graphical illustration of the strategy for trans QTL analysis to identify AF-relevant genes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-tested-data-and-discovered-qtls-results-1mubnw0d.png Table 1: Summary of tested data and discovered QTLs. Results for a FDR<0.05 (according to Benjamini-Hochberg procedure) and P value <1◊ 10≠5. FDR, false discovery rate; eQTL, expression quantitative trait loci; pQTL, protein quantitative trait loci; ratioQTL, ratio quantitative trait loci; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nkx2-5-activity-controlled-by-af-gwas-variant-b9yqxtc5.png Figure 5: NKX2-5 activity controlled by AF GWAS variant rs9481842. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-di-erent-genetic-regulatory-patterns-derived-by-2m3b26b2.png Figure 2: Di erent genetic regulatory patterns derived by multiOMICs QTL integration. https://scispace.com/papers/tkgwv2-an-ancient-dna-relatedness-pipeline-for-ultra-low-pzenhn3djc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coefficient-distribution-ranges-for-a-500-and-b-2v7mfboa.png Figure 3. Coefficient distribution ranges for a) 500 and b) 5000 pairs of simulated individuals using different numbers of SNPs, based on Phase 1 CHS allele frequencies, demonstrating overlaps and the correction of the curves towards the hard thresholds between classes on the higher SNP numbers. c) False positive rates, as identified by simulated relationships crossing the thresholds between classes. From 30,000 SNPs no overlap was obtained, even with up to 5,000 simulated pairs of individuals, although higher numbers of simulated pairs would eventually produce an overlap with error rates further tending towards 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-30-results-ordered-by-hrc-of-all-4950-pairwise-23aq936y.png Figure 1: Top 30 results ordered by HRC of all 4,950 pairwise tests for the 100 individuals from the CHS population, ordered by relatedness coefficient, for the 8 subsampling fractions between 0.5 and 10%. Known relationships are shown as filled symbols, and each different fraction as a specific colour. All triangles (second degree) are expected to fall within the lighter gray area, and all circles (first degree) within the darker gray area. The allele frequencies from the CHS population were used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-application-of-the-method-to-other-published-ancient-28hxgyuh.png Table 1: Application of the method to other published ancient individuals. BAM files were downloaded from the European Nucleotide Database, subsampled to a maximum of 1,300,000 reads, and then processed through our pipeline. The allele frequencies used were from individuals with European ancestry in the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 dataset. Estimates in bold are based on less than 10,000 SNPs, and therefore include some degree of uncertainty. For these, we present the posterior probabilities of each degree between parentheses, and on Supplementary Figure 2 we show the corresponding simulated range plots for these pairs. https://scispace.com/papers/toa-sensor-network-self-calibration-for-receiver-and-4vje2c78yg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-still-from-in-a-few-seconds-across-the-ocean-2004-6lg85h42.png Figure 1. Still from In a Few Seconds Across the Ocean (2004). https://scispace.com/papers/together-we-can-increase-couple-functioning-for-low-ses-2xokyukl1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-anova-for-the-regression-equation-pre-parenting-3plizyhd.png Table 11 ANOVA for the Regression Equation Pre-Parenting scales and Low-Income on Post-Parenting scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-for-pre-and-post-parenting-scales-9esln0no.png Table 7 Correlations for Pre and Post Parenting Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-characteristics-pertaining-to-b85dhkas.png Table 2 Participant Characteristics Pertaining to Relationship Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-anova-for-the-regression-equation-pre-relationship-3qxri602.png Table 15 ANOVA for the Regression Equation Pre-Relationship scales and Race on Post-Relationship scales for Non-Dating Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variable-descriptive-statistics-2em6rypa.png Table 3 Variable Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-anova-for-the-regression-equation-pre-parenting-1gk0wula.png Table 10 ANOVA for the Regression Equation Pre-Parenting scales and Race on Post-Parenting scales for Non-Dating Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-for-parenting-efficacy-and-co-parenting-p7js1sv6.png Table 4 Correlations for Parenting Efficacy and Co-Parenting Relationship https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-for-race-and-income-2potse5r.png Table 5 Correlations for Race and Income https://scispace.com/papers/tomorrow-s-car-for-today-s-people-can-tilting-three-wheeled-4dlnygzhbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tomorrows-car-in-traffic-24k593x4.png Figure 7: Tomorrow’s Car in traffic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-side-view-of-tomorrows-car-2czv3c29.png Figure 6: Side view of Tomorrow’s Car https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-savings-for-fuel-based-on-different-fuel-prices-as-34l4gjed.png Figure 2: Savings for fuel based on different fuel prices as a function of the mileage for the example of an average fuel consumption reduction of 1 l/100km https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rear-images-of-tomorrows-car-12gp06ig.png Figure 4: Rear images of Tomorrow’s Car https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-front-view-of-tomorrows-car-while-tilting-1v73dipg.png Figure 5: Front view of Tomorrow’s Car while tilting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drivers-compartment-of-tomorrows-car-3663px1p.png Figure 3: Driver’s compartment of Tomorrow’s Car https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-possible-design-version-of-tomorrows-car-two-of-1eua4vsl.png Figure 1: A possible design version of “Tomorrow’s Car”, two of them sharing one bay https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-features-and-which-trend-they-address-13sslr9n.png Table 1: Summary of key features and which trend they address https://scispace.com/papers/tool-axis-adjustment-for-5-axis-roughing-operations-3o1q6049l1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimized-trajectory-computation-steps-14ehlspj.png Figure 5: Optimized trajectory computation steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-a-multi-objective-optimization-1364ud96.png Figure 6: Example of a multi-objective optimization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-test-pocket-and-guide-curves-along-one-axial-level-2gwkl8le.png Figure 7: Test pocket and guide curves along one axial level of roughing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spindle-instrumentation-and-consequences-of-2o4nsujw.png Figure 8: Spindle instrumentation and consequences of vibrations in corners https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-remaining-material-distribution-after-machining-18031uxr.png Figure 13: Remaining material distribution after machining https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-the-radial-engagement-of-the-tool-37ilzs1q.png Figure 1: Evolution of the radial engagement of the tool between successive tool paths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tool-axis-guiding-along-2-curves-2ym76pbm.png Figure 2: Tool axis guiding along 2 curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolution-of-the-criteria-according-to-the-2s421qza.png Table 1: Evolution of the criteria according to the optimization parameters https://scispace.com/papers/tool-support-for-generation-and-validation-of-traces-between-w3jmenzick 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-verification-of-architecture-for-functional-eco4emp8.png Figure 3 Verification of Architecture for Functional Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-times-in-the-performance-test-2x7kp13q.png Table 1 Simulation Times in the Performance Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-time-as-function-of-the-number-of-1y0gq904.png Figure 5 Simulation Time as function of the Number of Architectural Elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-times-in-the-scalability-test-1vbr8idj.png Table 2 Simulation Times in the Scalability Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-time-vs-number-of-states-in-alloy-and-bogz7vid.png Figure 6 Simulation Time vs. Number of States in Alloy and Maude https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-tool-us862k2t.png Figure 1 Overview of the Tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modeling-process-with-trace-generation-and-23e512sg.png Figure 2 Modeling Process with Trace Generation and Validation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-of-the-tool-28h87lcg.png Figure 4 Architecture of the Tool https://scispace.com/papers/tooth-loss-in-patients-undergoing-long-term-maintenance-at-a-9d1cizxe85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-patients-in-the-mp5-group-by-age-12jen0f7.png Table 3. Characteristics of patients in the MP5 group, by age 196 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-logistic-regression-analysis-results-for-age-and-rt-924jf87v.png Table 6. Logistic regression analysis results for age and RT with TL in the MP5 group 238 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tooth-loss-by-cause-and-vital-versus-non-vital-tooth-nqbz04za.png Table 2. Tooth loss by cause and vital versus non-vital tooth status in the MP5 group 188 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-mp5-and-nmp5-groups-174-37oklaiw.png Table 1. Comparison of MP5 and NMP5 groups 174 https://scispace.com/papers/top-down-control-inhibits-spatial-self-organization-of-a-40idcjn6vs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-of-the-intertidal-flat-at-the-kapellebank-316tv46o.png FIG. 1. Photographs of the intertidal flat at the Kapellebank, The Netherlands. (A) In April, a spatially patterned intertidal flat with hummocks and hollows is visible. (B) These patterns have disappeared in June, and the landscape has changed into a homogenous intertidal flat with low diatom biomass. Photo credit: J. Van de Koppel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-differences-in-a-chlorophyll-a-concentration-dv48w9yz.png FIG. 5. Relative differences in (A) chlorophyll a concentration and (B) bed level (all values mean 6 SE) of the field experiment with two treatments: non-grazed (gray bars, n ¼ 5) and grazed (white bars, n ¼ 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-mud-mean-6-se-sum-of-the-silt-and-clay-26n5c3u8.png FIG. 4. Percentage mud (mean 6 SE; sum of the silt and clay fractions; i.e., percentage of the sediment with particle size ,63 lm) at different sediment depths at the beginning of April, May, and June 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-mean-6-se-of-diatoms-as-reflected-by-8ac2kkxr.png FIG. 3. Density (mean 6 SE) of diatoms, as reflected by chlorophyll a concentration (open circles, n ¼ 5 samples on hummocks), and macrobenthos (solid triangles, n ¼ 3 samples on hummocks) and bed level differences between hummocks and hollows (solid squares, n¼ 5 samples) for each date shown for 2007 and 2008. Chlorophyll a content is a proxy for diatom biomass. Bed level differences are the differences between the sediment bed level of the hummock compared to the adjacent hollow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-we-studied-the-effects-of-top-down-control-by-1scsc3rj.png FIG. 2. We studied the effects of top-down control by herbivores on a self-organized landscape of regularly spaced, diatomcovered hummocks alternating with water-filled hollows on an intertidal mudflat. Photographs show (A) the experimental setup of the manipulative field measurement with tubes filled with 4 L of sediment, (B) artificial hummock after removal of the tube, (C) patches after nine days of experiments where herbivores were removed, and (D) patches after nine days of experiments where herbivores were present. The area photographed in panels (B), (C), and (D) is 503 50 cm. Photo credit: E. Weerman. https://scispace.com/papers/topical-iontophoresis-of-valaciclovir-hydrochloride-improves-2gv64bhpml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-a-vcv-mw-324-4-da-r-h-represents-acv-mw-11qr1npw.png Fig. 1. Structure of (a) VCV (MW 324.4 Da) (R-H represents ACV; MW 225.2 Da) and (b) acetaminophen (MW 151.2 Da). (c) The molecular charge of ACV and VCV (hollow and filled circles, respectively) as a function of pH. Under typical iontophoretic conditions (i.e., pH 4Y7), the prodrug, VCV, carries a net positive charge unlike its active metabolite, ACV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-influence-of-competing-ions-in-the-10-mm-vcv-1ira0a3r.png Fig. 3. The influence of competing ions in the 10 mM VCV formulation on VCV flux across porcine skin in vitro (estimated from ACV levels in the receptor compartment); the symbols (+Na+, hollow circles) and (jNa+, filled circles) denote the presence or absence of NaCl in the donor formulation, respectively. (Mean T SD; n = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulative-amount-of-acv-in-the-receptor-compartment-2b09swlk.png Fig. 2. Cumulative amount of ACV in the receptor compartment after iontophoresis of ACV (2 mM; in the presence of 2 mM NaCl; filled squares) and VCV (2 and 10 mM, in the absence of NaCl; hollow and filled circles, respectively) at 0.5 mA cmj2 across porcine skin in vitro. (Mean T SD; n = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-acetaminophen-flux-jace-reported-on-the-effect-of-vcv-1ov8ejdl.png Fig. 4. Acetaminophen flux (JACE) reported on the effect of VCV iontophoresis on skin permselectivity. A statistically significant decrease in JACE and hence electroosmotic solvent flow, was only observed using the 10 mM VCV formulation in the absence of NaCl in the donor compartment (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The symbols (+Na+) and (jNa+) and denote the presence or absence of NaCl in the donor formulation, respectively. (Mean T SD; n = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-cumulative-acv-permeation-at-steady-1sxyh0as.png Fig. 5. Comparison of cumulative ACV permeation at steady state following ACV iontophoresis across hairless mouse (after 4 h, (16)), human (after 7 h (17)) and rabbit (after 7 h (19)) skin and VCV iontophoresis across porcine skin (after 3 and 6 h, this study). Columns 1Y4 shows the cumulative ACV amounts after anodal iontophoresis at pH 7.4 (7.73 mM) at current densities of 0.18, 0.25, 0.36 and 0.5 mA cmj2, respectively; column 5 shows the results after cathodal iontophoresis at pH 7.4 (7.73 mM) at 0.5 mA cmj2 across hairless mouse skin in vitro. Columns 6 and 7 show cumulative ACV amounts after anodal iontophoresis at pH 3.0 (6.88 mM) at current densities of 0.25 and 0.5 mA cmj2, respectively; column 8 presents the results after cathodal iontophoresis at pH 3.0 (6.88 mM) at 0.5 mA cmj2. Columns 9 and 10 represent the cumulative ACV permeation across human skin after anodal iontophoresis at pH 3.0 (6.88 mM) and pH 7.4 (7.73 mM), respectively, at a current density of 0.5 mA cmj2. Columns 11 and 12 display anodal and cathodal ACV delivery, respectively, across rabbit skin (pH 3.0, 6.2 mM) at 0.125 mA cmj2. Columns 13Y16 show cumulative ACV permeation across rabbit skin from a formulation at pH 5.8 (4.2 mM) after anodal iontophoresis at 0.06, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mA cmj2, respectively. Columns 17 and 18 show the cumulative ACV permeation after 3 and 6 h, respectively, of VCV iontophoresis (pH 5.24, 10 mM, this study) at a current density of 0.5 mA cmj2. Column 19 shows the cumulative ACV permeation after 3 h of VCV iontophoresis (pH 5.65, 2 mM, this study) at a current density of 0.5 mA cmj2. The data confirm that cumulative ACV delivery is significantly more efficient following VCV iontophoresis. https://scispace.com/papers/topologically-stable-gapped-state-in-a-layered-4qn89ei2gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-magnetic-energy-between-layers-vs-l-d-1ks7k7s4.png Fig. 2: (Color online) The magnetic energy between layers vs. L/d is shown here. Three L/d ratios are shown for d-wave, 2.42 (d1), 2.94 (d2) and 4.49 (d3), and also for s-wave, 2.86 (s1), 3.83 (s2), and 5.50 (s3). The d2 and s2 points are the minimum of d- and s-wave curves, respectively. The curves are normalized to the minimum of the d-wave magnetic energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-superficial-current-js-is-shown-for-d-nimviuge.png Fig. 1: (Color online) The superficial current Js is shown for d and s waves for a square unit cell. The two d-wave skyrmions are centered in the middle of the sides and the single s-wave skyrmion is at the corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-s-wave-local-magnetic-field-component-2n15mndw.png Fig. 4: (Color online) The s-wave local magnetic field component perpendicular to the layers, h3, is shown in colors (blue negative, green zero and red positive) at the walls of the dL2 unit cell. The (cyan) cones depict the local magnetic field h infinitesimally below (top cones) and above (bottom cones) the layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-d-wave-local-magnetic-field-component-3atc5gxf.png Fig. 3: (Color online) The d-wave local magnetic field component, perpendicular to the layers, h3, is shown in colors (blue negative, green zero and red positive) at the walls of the dL2 unit cell. The (cyan) cones depict the local magnetic field h infinitesimally below (top cones) and above (bottom cones) a layer. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-and-edge-modes-in-quantum-critical-chains-23zxhne5xw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-middle-figure-shows-the-zeros-of-fdzth-the-zero-z0-2lu9nufs.png FIG. 2. The middle figure shows the zeros of fðzÞ. The zero z0 within the disk (blue) corresponds to an edge mode (per edge) with localization length ξ ¼ −1=ln jz0j. Each zero on the unit circle (red) implies a massless Majorana field in the low-energy limit (c ¼ 12). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-transition-at-strong-disorder-a-entanglement-3dnh8nlv.png FIG. 4. Phase transition at strong disorder: (a) Entanglement scaling (averaging 105 states) suggests an infinite randomness fixed point with ceff ¼ ln ffiffiffi 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-finite-size-scaling-for-the-interacting-hamiltonian-4-17ui013p.png FIG. 5. Finite-size scaling for the interacting Hamiltonian (4) with open boundaries and U ¼ 0.3: (a) The bulk is described by the c ¼ 12 Majorana CFT (black line guides the eye), and (b) energy splitting between fermionic parity sectors is exponentially small, ΔE ∼ e−L=ξ with ξ ≈ 2.42. The two ground states are related by an edge mode. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-of-acoustic-structure-interaction-4spz7m8pn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-various-analysis-types-depending-on-the-bulk-and-3gq5g95y.png Table 1. The various analysis types depending on the bulk and the shear moduli. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-results-for-steel-and-mercury-a-optimized-topology-27j0evvr.png Figure 18. Results for steel and Mercury. (a) Optimized topology for 100 2π Hz, (b) optimized topology for 700 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-topology-optimization-of-a-massless-flexible-c5krktv2.png Figure 7. Topology optimization of a massless flexible partition. Definition of the optimization problem including boundary conditions, design domain and objective function. E ,ν , and sρ are Young’s modulus, the Poisson’s ratio, and the structural density, respectively. The incoming wave amplitude is inp =1 kPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-results-for-sr-15-3-kg-m-using-the-optimization-1yait0mf.png Figure 13. Results for sρ =15 3/Kg m using the optimization formulation (27) with 0.9θ = , 0.1ζ = and 70% mass usage. (a) Optimized topology, and (b) the frequency response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-optimization-problem-definition-for-harmonic-shz89031.png Figure 16. Optimization problem definition for harmonic loading. (a) Problem definition (bulk modulus of steel: 200 GPa , mass density of steel: 7700 3/Kg m , bulk modulus of air: 61.01325 10 Pa× , mass density of air: 1.293 3/Kg m , bulk modulus of Mercury: 25.3 GPa , mass density of Mercury: 13600 3/Kg m , mass percentage: 50%), (b) frequency response for steel and air, and (c) frequency response for steel and Mercury. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analysis-example-1-acoustic-domain-analysis-with-1vo09lj2.png Figure 3. Analysis example 1: Acoustic domain analysis with the mixed formulation with various boundary conditions. (a) Problem definition (where 0 123p = Pa, and 1000inp = Pa), (b) the pressure distribution along AA´, (c) the pressure distribution with the Helmholtz equation, and (d) the pressure distribution with the mixed finite element method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-comparison-of-the-displacements-at-the-position-2hgba5i2.png Table 3. The comparison of the displacements at the position (x=2, y=0.5) with respect to the different angular speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-analysis-results-for-the-two-dimensional-acoustic-5en0gkw0.png Figure 6. Analysis results for the two dimensional acoustic-structure interaction problem in Figure 5 for ω =3 (rad/s). https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-for-6g-networks-a-network-information-1qjjj7l94p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-network-partitioning-demonstration-and-performance-sk8ba8oo.png Fig. 2: Network partitioning demonstration and performance comparison of sub-topologies OMA, NOMA, cooperative NOMA (C-NOMA), and three-way channel (3WC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-obtained-gain-by-various-scheme-combinations-oma-100-kv91gesd.png TABLE I: Obtained gain by various scheme combinations. [OMA= %100] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qualitative-illustration-of-gaussian-channel-1mntc7i4.png Fig. 1: Qualitative illustration of Gaussian channel achievable rate regions under different sub-topologies : OMA vs. NOMA [2], OMA vs. IC [3], and DF vs. CF & PLNC [4] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-step-by-step-solution-of-hma-with-k-m-7-and-n-4-2vnr5vv6.png Fig. 3: Step-by-Step solution of HMA with K “ M “ 7 and N “ 4. https://scispace.com/papers/torsional-deformation-of-double-helix-in-interaction-and-4ljog0j2ja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-packing-b-mutual-alignment-ps0-ph1-ph2-ph1-ph3-0-4s1it09m.png Figure 5. (a) Packing, (b) mutual alignment,ψ0 ) |φ1 - φ2| ) |φ1 - φ3| ) 0.5|φ2 - φ3|, and (c) deviation of DNA from an ideal helix in hexagonal aggregates calculated from eqs A43-A47 at f1 ) f2 ) 0.5, θ ) 0.75 (curves 1 in parts b and c) andf1 ) 0.3, f2 ) 0.7, θ ) 0.9 (curves 2 in parts b and c). All other parameters used for the calculation were the same as in Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-dependence-of-the-interaction-energy-per-base-1iqxt9iw.png Figure 6. (a) Dependence of the interaction energy per base pair (Fbp) on interaxial spacing in hexagonal aggregate for ideal helices (thin line) and nonhomologous DNA (bold line) atf1 ) 0.3,f2 ) 0.7,θ ) 0.9. (b) Dependence of the aggregation energy (Fbp at the energy minimum) on the fraction of DNA charge neutralized by bound counterions atf1 ) 0.3, f2 ) 0.7. All other parameters were the same as in Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-b-dna-and-b-cross-gmm387za.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic representation of B-DNA and (b) cross-section of two parallel B-DNA molecules separated by distanceR. The disks in part a represent DNA base pairs stacked with the axial steph and twisted by the angleΩ(z) with respect to each other. For calculation of electrostatic interaction energy, water-impermeable, low-dielectricconstant cores of DNA are modeled as dielectric cylinders shown by large shaded circles in part b. Charged phosphate strands, shown as chains of small spheres in part a, are modeled as negatively charged helical lines at the surfaces of the dielectric cores.Azimuthal orientation φi(z) of each molecule is defined as the angle between thex-axis and the vector pointing from the center of the molecule to the middle of the smaller arc (minor groove) between the strands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zeroth-a0-first-a1-and-second-a2-helical-harmonics-vj0yfxl9.png Figure 2. Zeroth (a0), first (a1), and second (a2) helical harmonics of electrostatic interactions between two B-DNA molecules surrounded by electrolyte solution (eq 5). The following parameters were used for the calculations: DNA core radiusr ) 9.5 Å, effective width of surface charged groupsw ) 5 Å (see eq A7), electrolyte screening lengthκD-1 ) 7 Å, water dielectric constant ) 80, minor groove half-widthφ̃s ) 0.4π. The distance dependence and relative contributions to the energy of different helical harmonics in hexagonal aggregates are qualitatively similar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-pair-interaction-energy-fpair-for-nonhomologous-34ws2ahs.png Figure 4. (a) Pair interaction energy (Fpair) for nonhomologous torsionally rigid helices (dash-dot lines), nonhomologous DNA (bold line), and ideal helices (Fideal, thin, solid line). The interaction energy between two homologous DNA molecules at optimal alignment is the same as between two ideal helices. (b) Recognition energy (Fpair - Fideal) for torsionally rigid helices (dash-dot lines) and DNA (bold line). The energies were calculated from eqs A35-A39 with the following parameters:f1 ) 0.3, f2 ) 0.7, θ ) 0.8, R ) 30 Å, C ) ∞ for torsionally rigid helices andC ) 3 × 10-19 erg cm36 for DNA. All other parameters were the same as in Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-average-mutual-alignment-c-d-alignment-error-2k5pu132.png Figure 3. (a, b) Average mutual alignment, (c, d) alignment error, and (e, f) interaction energy per base pair between parallel, long (L . λ, G(2L/λ) ≈ 1) DNA under (a, c, e) unfavorable and (b, d, f) favorable conditions for aggregation. Bold lines show the most energetically favorable conformation and interaction energy for DNA with unrelated sequences. Dashed lines mark first-order transitions. Thin solid lines show alignment and interaction energy for ideal helices. Dash-dotted lines in parts e and f show the interaction energy between nonhomologous, rigid (C f ∞) helices. The following parameters were used:C ≈ 3 × 10-19 erg cm,36 h ) 3.4 Å, and∆Ω ) 6° (λc ) 310 Å). Other parameters were the same as in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/total-exchange-performance-modelling-under-network-gew0bmy546 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-predictions-for-the-all-to-all-operation-3zjrlkk1.png Fig. 3. Performance predictions for the All-to-All operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-performance-bounds-for-the-all-to-all-2bpfayho.png Table 1. Theoretical performance bounds for the All-to-All operation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plogp-parameters-for-the-icluster-2-and-idpot-networks-pju9a1w1.png Fig. 1. pLogP parameters for the icluster-2 and IDPOT networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-theoretical-bounds-and-performance-predictions-39518xph.png Fig. 2. Theoretical bounds and performance predictions https://scispace.com/papers/total-factor-productivity-growth-and-returns-from-research-jp0flbv5t1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-real-cost-and-returns-in-soybean-production-1k63ivsk.png Table 3. Average real cost and returns in soybean production in India, TE 1982-83 to TE 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-growth-rates-of-input-use-output-and-tfp-1upbob7c.png Table 4. Annual growth rates of input-use, output and TFP index of soybean in India: 1980-81 to 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-input-output-and-tfp-index-of-soybean-cultivation-9tfvdsz1.png Figure 1. Input, output and TFP index of soybean cultivation, 1980-81 to 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-value-of-marginal-product-of-research-2wem736s.png Table 6. Estimated value of marginal product of research stock and marginal internal rate of returns to research investment in soybean in India: 1980-81 to 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-tfp-of-soybean-in-india-1980-81-to-2jxkiu0b.png Table 5. Determinants of TFP of soybean in India, 1980- 81 to 2011-12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-in-yield-of-soybean-in-major-states-of-india-135l3y1s.png Table 1. Growth in yield of soybean in major states of India https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trends-in-cost-structure-of-soybean-production-in-2bb25gb8.png Table 2. Trends in cost structure of soybean production in India: 1980-81 to 2011-12 https://scispace.com/papers/total-phenolic-contents-radical-scavenging-and-cyclic-3gvzeoz8lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cyclic-voltammetry-characteristics-ea-v-vs-ag-agcl-2r1qbqxs.png Table 3 Cyclic voltammetry characteristics, Ea (V) vs. Ag/AgCl, Ia (lA), of a number of phenolic compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-parameters-for-the-regression-3g8hpsqa.png Table 2 Characteristic parameters for the regression equation for the seaweed’s extracts antioxidants. IC50 for each seaweed extract expressed in lg/ml of mass extracts and in lg/ml of PGE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cyclic-voltammetry-of-1-10-3m-of-phlorogucinol-pg-xbgqaa46.png Fig. 3. Cyclic voltammetry of 1.10 3M of Phlorogucinol (Pg), Trolox (Tr), Quercetin (Qu), Catechin (Ca) and Catechol (Ct) at a steady glassy carbon disk electrode in DMF/0.1 M Bu4NPF6. Scan rate 0.1 Vs 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cyclic-voltammetry-of-fv-an-and-fs-800-mg-l-and-pg-2-3awx9591.png Fig. 2. Cyclic voltammetry of FV, AN and FS (800 mg/l) and PG (2 mM) at a steady glassy carbon disk electrode in DMF/0.1 M Bu4NPF6. Scan rate 0.1 Vs 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inhibition-percentage-in-function-of-the-mass-3alr6j68.png Fig. 1. Inhibition percentage in function of the mass concentration of the three seaweed’s extracts: FV = Fucus vesiculosus, AN = Asophyllum nodosum and FS = Fucus serratus. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-sustainable-new-product-development-approach-based-2mz608cwxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-npd-poor-and-best-practices-5-28obt28i.png Fig. 3. NPD poor and best practices [5] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-transition-management-inspired-by-19-3g0h82gr.png Fig. 6. Transition Management (inspired by [19]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-issues-concerning-npd-situation-in-the-company-s-3c9ckbzd.png Fig. 4. Issues concerning NPD situation in the company's system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-npd-perspectives-2i8bfw5c.png Fig. 1. NPD perspectives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-advanced-technologies-integrated-to-the-company-s-15m7tzvs.png Fig. 5. Advanced Technologies integrated to the company's system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-npd-integrated-in-the-company-s-system-3dfal6yo.png Fig. 2. NPD integrated in the company's system https://scispace.com/papers/toward-an-integrative-model-of-talker-normalization-26loqlfba4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-an-overview-of-the-four-context-conditions-in-13ysp26j.png Table 2. An overview of the four context conditions in Experiment 2A and 2B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-minimal-and-maximal-f0-of-the-meaningful-speech-wqrekokf.png Table 3. Mean, minimal and maximal F0 of the meaningful speech context, and the mean and SD of the F0, F1 and F2 of the target words produced by four talkers in Experiment 2. The other three types of contexts (meaningless speech, reversed speech and nonspeech) were matched with the speech context in terms of the mean, minimal, maximal F0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-summary-of-the-results-of-statistical-analyses-of-2atqjbnv.png Table 4. A summary of the results of statistical analyses of Experiment 2A and 2B combined. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-high-specific-capacity-and-high-cycling-stability-of-35kzwmgtc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-charge-capacity-vs-cycle-number-of-sn-pfm-sn-cmc-2wu9vq5y.png Fig. 2. The charge capacity vs. cycle number of Sn/PFM, Sn/CMC and Sn/PVDF. The charge and discharge rate is C/10 (80 mA g-1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-first-charge-and-discharge-profiles-of-a-sn-pfm-b-3h53qfcw.png Fig. 1. The first charge and discharge profiles of (a) Sn/PFM, (b) Sn/CMC and (c) Sn/PVDF. The charge and discharge rate is C/50 (16 mA g-1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tem-images-of-the-electrodes-a-b-sn-pfm-after-1-cycle-2egey418.png Fig. 4 TEM images of the electrodes: (a) (b) Sn/PFM after 1 cycle; (c) Sn/CMC after 1 cycle; (d) Sn/PVDF after 1 cycle. Fig.4 is the TEM images of the three electrodes of different composition after 1 cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-the-electrodes-a-pristine-sn-pfm-b-2hlpkla3.png Fig. 3. SEM images of the electrodes: (a) pristine Sn/PFM; (b) pristine Sn/CMC; (c) pristine Sn/PVDF; (d) Sn/PFM after 1 cycle; (e) Sn/CMC after 1 cycle; (f) Sn/PVDF after 1 cycle. Fig. 3 shows the morphology of the pristine and after-1-cycle electrodes. The three https://scispace.com/papers/toward-decoupling-the-selection-of-compression-algorithms-37pm1eb0tb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scil-compression-path-and-components-2yy8a342.png Fig. 1: SCIL compression path and components https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-harmonic-mean-compressing-with-an-absolute-tolerance-2ew33q6i.png Table 1: Harmonic mean compressing with an absolute tolerance of 1% max https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-compressing-various-climate-data-variables-with-abstol-22yyokfu.png Fig. 5: Compressing various climate data variables with abstol of 1% max https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-harmonic-compression-factor-based-on-user-1qiwdom7.png Fig. 4: Mean harmonic compression factor based on user settings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scil-compression-chain-the-choice-of-blocks-and-the-37ohlwfc.png Fig. 2: SCIL compression chain. The choice of blocks and the resulting data path depend on input data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-harmonic-mean-compressing-with-9-precision-bits-2ipr9lus.png Table 2: Harmonic mean compressing with 9 precision bits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-compressing-various-climate-data-variables-with-9-bits-jc4zdone.png Fig. 6: Compressing various climate data variables with 9 Bits precision https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-synthetic-pattern-simplex-206-in-2d-te1yryds.png Fig. 3: Example synthetic pattern: Simplex 206 in 2D https://scispace.com/papers/toward-quantitative-deuterium-analysis-with-laser-induced-38gkt28f87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-emission-spectra-of-the-d-doped-zircaloy-4-sample-2yvehyy9.png FIG. 3. The emission spectra of the D-doped zircaloy-4 sample containing 2,000 ppm or deuterium obtained at gate delay of a 1 s, b 3 s, c 6 s, and d 10 s. The gate width of the OMA system was set at 50 s. The fundamental wavelength Nd-YAG laser energy was fixed at 110 mJ. The surrounding helium gas pressure was kept constant at 760 Torr with helium flow rate of 2 l/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-photograph-of-the-elongated-plasma-taken-under-28voo0rs.png FIG. 2. Color Photograph of the elongated plasma taken under defocus +4 mm using zircaloy-4 sample doped with 2000 ppm of deuterium. The fundamental wavelength Nd-YAG laser energy was fixed at 110 mJ. The surrounding helium gas pressure was kept constant at 760 Torr with helium flow rate of 2 l/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-emission-spectra-of-zircaloy-4-sample-containing-1h76u6l6.png FIG. 5. The emission spectra of zircaloy-4 sample containing 2,000 ppm of deuterium at imaging position of a 3 mm, b 5 mm, and c 7 mm from the target surface along the plasma expansion direction. The gate delay and gate width of the OMA system were set at 6 and 50 s, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-intensity-calibration-curve-of-the-deuterium-impurity-26mvmnob.png FIG. 6. Intensity calibration curve of the deuterium impurity in zircaloy-4 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-sketch-of-experimental-setup-showing-the-dual-26uuodml.png FIG. 1. Color Sketch of experimental setup showing the dual laser system and the imaging module introduced into the currently adopted detection system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-emission-spectra-of-zircaloy-4-sample-containing-geltmzeu.png FIG. 4. The emission spectra of zircaloy-4 sample containing 180 ppm of deuterium detected a without laser cleaning, b with 120 precleaning laser pulses of 355 nm and 43 mJ from a separate laser source before data acquisition, and c with additional cleaning laser pulses synchronized with the measuring pulses. The gate delay and gate width of the OMA system were set at 6 and 50 s, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-better-understanding-of-software-evolution-an-a23ddndo4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-total-number-of-changes-for-sendmail-381bkesi.png Figure 4: Evolution of total number of changes for Sendmail. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-and-growth-rates-for-samba-29belf7i.png Figure 3: Change and growth rates for Samba. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-incremental-module-growth-for-openssh-3ox03dex.png Figure 2: Incremental module growth for OpenSSH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-application-size-245fh7yt.png Figure 5: Evolution of application size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-slope-and-correlation-coefficients-showing-how-1wt4xevq.png Table 3: Slope and correlation coefficients showing how system size correlates with 3 √ RSN . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-module-growth-rate-for-samba-12kw3u3j.png Figure 6: Module growth rate for Samba. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-application-information-2tmypifn.png Table 1: Application information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-changes-to-functions-2sl6iz6x.png Figure 8: Distribution of changes to functions. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-wideband-steerable-acoustic-metasurfaces-with-arrays-42rtc3p0fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-bode-diagram-of-the-reflection-coefficient-of-a-sdof-6mcsqzmn.png FIG. 13. Bode diagram of the reflection coefficient of a SDOF resonator, with constant resistance r=0.3 and varying quality factors (Q ∈ [0.1, 10]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-definition-of-the-acoustic-metasurface-configuration-f223jh16.png FIG. 1. Definition of the Acoustic Metasurface configuration, and exemple of acoustic wave reflection over the AMS. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-comprehensive-model-for-characterising-and-458qwf5lnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fitted-a-resistances-and-b-characteristic-angular-7zgxpwe4.png Fig. 7. Fitted (a) resistances and (b) characteristic angular frequencies as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nyquist-plot-of-the-investigated-thermoelectric-module-33x3m53i.png Fig. 6. Nyquist plot of the investigated thermoelectric module at six steady state isothermal temperatures. Solid squares depict experimental results while solid lines depict model fittings. The high frequency response is shown below with a zeromean normalised 𝑍𝑍′. The yellow solid line represents an impedance response with no spreading-constriction (𝜂𝜂 = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-high-resolution-image-of-a-single-integrated-14qtxzs5.png Fig. 1. (a) A high-resolution image of a single integrated thermoelectric leg contacted by alumina layers. The image was captured using a Zeta-200 Optical Profiler. (b) Axisymmetric model of half a thermoelectric leg (TE) capped by an external ceramic layer (e). The direction of the conductive heat fluxes produced by the injected Peltier heat (𝜙𝜙) flux at the junction, the absolute temperature (𝑍𝑍), internal-external convective/radiative losses (ℎ1,ℎ2 and ℎ3,) and geometric dimensions, are indicated. The red line depicts qualitatively a possible thermal profile for a positive Seebeck coefficient and current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-zero-mean-covariance-distributions-of-fitted-dysb7hjl.png Fig. 10. Zero-mean covariance distributions of fitted parameters for residual resampled surrogate data accumulated across all temperature dependent datasets. The color map represents probability density, with lighter shades (yellow) indicating higher density and darker shades (blue) indicating lower density. Distribution correlation coefficients 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 are displayed in the top right corner. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-nyquist-plot-of-the-investigated-thermoelectric-17ot6puo.png Fig. 5. (a) Nyquist plot of the investigated thermoelectric module measured at room temperature in passively stabilised air, forced airflow and at high vacuum (<10-5 mbar). (b) and (c) illustrate experimental configurations used for free and forced convection respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-complete-equivalent-circuit-for-a-thermoelectric-3bo793k4.png Fig. 2. (a) Complete equivalent circuit for a thermoelectric module. (b) Simplified equivalent circuit for standard commercial thermoelectric modules. The equivalent circuit elements framed in the dotted line are related to the ceramic layers. The ones framed by the solid line in grey correspond to the thermoelectric legs (thermoelements). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-electrical-conductivity-and-b-figure-of-merit-as-a-3o04z8as.png Fig. 9. (a) Electrical conductivity and (b) figure-of-merit 𝑧𝑧𝑍𝑍 as a function of temperature. Vertical lines indicate the measurable difference between material and module-level characterisation due to the existence of parasitic resistances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-experimental-configuration-2l2yk6ln.png Fig. 4. Schematic of experimental configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-contextualization-solution-for-cloud-platform-3i4ddbbt1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-time-to-prepare-a-vm-image-right-response-time-of-27z6t78x.png Fig. 3. Left: Time to prepare a VM image. Right: response time of concurrent user requests to generate ISO images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contextualization-in-a-three-tier-web-application-lf2q0nr2.png Fig. 2. Contextualization in a three-tier web application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interaction-between-vm-image-and-iso-image-at-run-time-loddj1qv.png Fig. 1. Interaction between VM image and ISO Image at run time. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-low-cost-multi-camera-marker-based-human-motion-3hwngbud7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-results-for-the-humaneva-i-dataset-when-18q42576.png Table 1. Quantitative results for the HumanEva-I dataset when using a marker detection algorithm with DR = 0.9, FP = 20 and σ2Γ = 4 cm. PF parameters were set to NL = 3 and Np = 700. Distances are measured in millimeters and δ = 100 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-angular-constraints-enforcement-in-a-particles-are-1y8ja6n3.png Fig. 3. Angular constraints enforcement. In (a), particles are propagated using a truncated Gaussian distribution N centered at ykt−1 with covariance matrixΣ bounded between θ− and θ+ (green zone). In (b), an example of particle propagation in the knee angle displaying how propagated particles never fall out the legal ranges (θ < 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-symmetric-epipolar-distance-between-two-points-dse-x0-1ptnh04x.png Fig. 2. Symmetric epipolar distance between two points dSE(x0,x1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-apf-operation-example-in-a-the-output-of-the-employed-1rlfnsx7.png Fig. 1. APF operation example. In (a), the output of the employed marker detector where color boxes stand for correct (green), false (red) and missed (blue) detections. In (b), the progressive fitting of particles driven by the annealing process and, in (c), the final pose estimation bYt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-apf-tracking-examples-in-a-real-scenario-involving-1tugs11m.png Fig. 4. APF tracking examples in a real scenario involving fast motion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mmta-results-for-several-operation-conditions-fixing-2lj3lkeu.png Fig. 5. MMTA results for several operation conditions fixing DR = 0.9. Vertical and horizontal axes stand for NL and Np, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-thermodynamic-definition-of-efficacy-in-partial-4158awqvx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-efficacy-proton-transfer-ii-2d27znkb.png Fig 2 Efficacy/Proton transfer_II https://scispace.com/papers/towards-accurate-and-agile-link-quality-estimation-in-4kjpx92uko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-ucla-zigbee-phy-receiver-32b0z4pp.png Fig. 1. Block Diagram of UCLA ZigBee PHY Receiver https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-prr-vs-sf-v1v6cs08.png Fig. 12. PRR VS. SF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-signal-strength-vs-sf-1fpk6wic.png Fig. 13. Signal Strength VS. SF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-signal-spectrum-in-awgn-channel-background-noise-1qfu2l60.png Fig. 4. Signal spectrum in AWGN channel. Background noise raises the noise floor evenly across the channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-signal-spectrum-overlapped-with-noise-from-an-in-band-6b7esw5i.png Fig. 5. Signal spectrum overlapped with noise from an in-band interferer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normal-signal-spectrum-19dsxem1.png Fig. 2. Normal signal spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signal-spectrum-with-adjacent-channel-interference-3eejko06.png Fig. 3. Signal spectrum with adjacent channel interference that causes an elevated noise floor on the lower half band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-testing-system-for-awgn-channel-153qyk9p.png Fig. 6. Testing System for AWGN channel https://scispace.com/papers/towards-automated-deployment-of-distributed-adaptation-6mo8azvm31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-building-a-self-adaptive-application-2jwly33g.png Fig. 1. Building a self-adaptive application https://scispace.com/papers/towards-deeper-understanding-of-user-experience-with-3zlgdfh5ms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-logic-and-keywords-2at9rql5.png Table 1. Search logic and keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-publication-years-of-the-resulting-75-publications-3nk2ewf3.png Fig. 1. Publication years of the resulting 75 publications matching the search criteria (the 2014 data is based on query performed on August 21st, 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-initial-design-and-evaluation-framework-for-user-3jt6is5m.png Fig. 2. An initial design and evaluation framework for user experience in ubicomp systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distributions-of-data-gathering-methods-user-17on8ywq.png Table 3. Distributions of data gathering methods, user representatives and use periods, and # of participants in the relevant papers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-types-of-user-experience-findings-in-empirical-t7ne14cs.png Table 4. Types of user experience findings in empirical ubicomp user studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-initial-database-sources-and-search-3amtj52h.png Table 2. Summary of the initial database sources and search results. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-evaluating-the-impact-of-ontologies-on-the-quality-5gcfr53ikg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concept-depending-on-ancestors-2qp3fvb3.png Fig. 4. Concept depending on ancestors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quality-refinement-of-pos-to-onto-pos-2gma50v2.png Fig. 2. Quality refinement of POS to ONTO_POS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-quality-valuation-of-expansion-by-ontology-36goh71n.png Fig. 1. Quality valuation of expansion by ontology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quality-refinement-reducing-a-loss-of-focus-bsfe4uip.png Fig. 6. Quality refinement reducing a loss of focus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ontology-prone-to-a-loss-of-focus-27lfq4d6.png Fig. 5. Ontology prone to a loss of focus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-centric-test-lab-for-p-news-fm6leqem.png Fig. 3 System-centric test lab for P-News https://scispace.com/papers/towards-extending-the-switch-platform-for-time-critical-5bp3furzc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graphs-showing-the-standard-deviation-of-the-number-1zm1usgr.png Figure 7: Graphs showing the standard deviation of the number of files per instance against the wall time, for experiments with constant sized problems and randomly-sized problems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graphs-showing-the-standard-deviation-of-the-number-okfvpjfo.png Figure 8: Graphs showing the standard deviation of the number of files per instance against the wall time, for experiments where the problems are ordered in the queue randomly, and by size from smallest to largest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-showing-the-number-of-instances-plotted-3tp2w9mu.png Figure 1: Graph showing the number of instances plotted against wall time for all experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-experiments-for-each-number-of-z8fwlonz.png Table 4: The number of experiments for each number of instances, where we are wasting a particular number of instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graph-showing-the-standard-deviation-of-the-number-187nj7pl.png Figure 5: Graph showing the standard deviation of the number of files per instance against the wall time, for all experiments except those for 1 instance only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-variance-of-problem-sizes-for-each-number-of-1b3wmqkr.png Table 2: The variance of problem sizes for each number of problems, as well as the minimum and maximum values (in terms of number of amino acids). See text for further explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-graphs-showing-the-standard-deviation-of-the-3t00myhp.png Figure 6: (a) Graphs showing the standard deviation of the number of files per instance against the wall time, for different numbers of instances (2 – 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qos-parameters-units-used-and-alternative-terms-ifxpiw6x.png Table 1: QoS Parameters, Units Used, and Alternative Terms https://scispace.com/papers/towards-fast-routine-blood-sample-quality-evaluation-by-4neailxqj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inclusion-criteria-homogeneous-and-heterogeneous-sau5hemg.png Table 1: Inclusion criteria homogeneous and heterogeneous group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-cohort-and-measurement-workflow-a-in-total-xyrv5czn.png Fig. 2: Overview of cohort and measurement workflow. A: In total 50 volunteers donated blood, with one sample being processed to plasma immediately time_delay = 0 h and another one with time_delay = 3 h, simulating a typical transportation time from bed-side to laboratory. Metabolites were extracted in a onestep 70% MeOH precipitation (10 mM NH4Ac, 5% DMSO) and 10 µl supernatant were measured with a DPiMS- https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evaluated-classifiers-and-their-parameters-exyef8dy.png Table 5: Evaluated classifiers and their parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plasma-preparation-delay-is-detectable-from-selected-a0hi0e72.png Fig. 3: Plasma preparation delay is detectable from selected PESI features with high specificity. A: The unsupervised PCA (left) and supervised OPLS-DA (right) scores plot show no significant separation of the whole metabolome (1200 features, LOG data from 50 volunteers) based on time_delay (0 h, 3 h). B: From five applied machine learning approaches only three were able to predict time_delay (AUC>0.8) and ROC curves https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-graph-of-a-pesi-measurement-diagram-the-uii8lhvx.png Fig. 1: Example graph of a PESI measurement diagram. The negative mode (neg mode) TIC pattern is invalid, the positive mode (pos mode) is valid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shematic-of-emstat-intensity-export-structure-with-2hykqq4z.png Table 3: Shematic of eMSTAT intensity export structure, with samples in rows and features (name designation by m/z and ion mode). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heatmaps-and-plots-of-the-18-selected-features-in-log-li4o83xy.png Fig. 4: Heatmaps and plots of the 18 selected features in LOG data. A: Heatmaps with hierarchical clustering show the difference induced by time_delay in the 18 most important features. There are no systematic differences between study subgroups or genders. B: Scatter plots showing that from the 18 features, most (16) increased after the 3 h time_delay while only two feature levels decreased. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-applied-data-filtration-and-batch-zlquuekg.png Table 4: Overview of applied data filtration and batch correction steps https://scispace.com/papers/towards-in-cylinder-flow-informed-engine-control-strategies-18224cfa20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-depiction-of-three-considered-sensor-arrangements-a-1ew9l5e9.png Figure 7. Depiction of three considered sensor arrangements. A typical vector field (100% MVL condition) is shown for context https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lotus-score-optical-research-engine-g0onz1d6.png Figure 1. Lotus SCORE - optical research engine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-velocity-estimation-test-matrix-1en9ppzm.png Table 2. Velocity estimation test matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimation-of-velocity-field-using-9-type-1-sensors-9bard3t6.png Figure 8. Estimation of velocity field using 9 type 1 sensors (vectors used as sensors marked with ‘o’) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-estimation-of-velocity-field-using-35-type-1-2ai02m0u.png Figure 10. Estimation of velocity field using 35 type 1 sensors (vectors used as sensors marked with ‘o’) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-extract-of-the-estimation-of-velocity-field-using-9-1qwnt5s6.png Figure 9. Extract of the estimation of velocity field using 9 type 1 sensors showing the immediate vicinity of sensors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-engine-and-test-condition-specifications-3uia13ys.png Table 1. Research engine and test condition specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-schematic-32mza6om.png Figure 3. Experimental schematic https://scispace.com/papers/towards-iq-appliances-quality-awareness-in-information-4pncm0fdui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-equal-ingress-rates-n5ndd9ck.png Figure 5: Equal Ingress Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-s-vnic-schematic-diagram-47-1enxq4kx.png Figure 4: S-VNIC : Schematic Diagram [47] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-drop-distribution-for-equal-incoming-rates-275htpbv.png Figure 23: Drop Distribution for Equal Incoming rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-throughput-with-different-thread-allocation-8u3vlnb0.png Figure 6: Throughput with Different Thread Allocation Policies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-delay-with-different-thread-allocation-policies-3e7lfutn.png Figure 7: Delay with Different Thread Allocation Policies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-runtime-overheads-314urz1m.png Table 1: Runtime Overheads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-runtime-components-x1turni2.png Figure 1: Runtime Components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-importance-of-minimal-resource-reservation-3915zjyf.png Figure 11: Importance of Minimal Resource Reservation : Throughput https://scispace.com/papers/towards-performing-ultrasound-guided-needle-biopsies-from-5eweguvpl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-human-subject-experiment-on-april-7-1995-the-2c70ykhl.png Fig. 1. Left: human subject experiment on April 7, 1995. The physician, wearing a HMD (marked by white arrow) examines the subject’s right breast. The black arrow points to the ultrasound transducer attached to the mechanical arm for precise 6 degree-of-freedom tracking. Right: view inside HMD during the experiment in Fig. 1. The synthetic pit contains several ultrasound slices; the frontmost slice is a cross-section through a cyst (dark spot). The physician's finger points to the cyst as she perceives it via tactile feedback. The Y-shaped arm holds landmarks used to maintain correct registration between synthetic imagery and the patient. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-practical-minimum-entropy-universal-decoding-51w4ogdczb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normal-syndrome-former-encoding-graph-2y4b7wdz.png Figure 1: Normal Syndrome-Former Encoding Graph https://scispace.com/papers/towards-predictive-understanding-of-regional-climate-change-b2r0j7h4ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probabilistic-representation-of-regional-climate-1y6asjcp.png Figure 4 | Probabilistic representation of regional climate change at a grid box near Vienna, Austria (48.5ᵒN, 16.2ᵒE). (a) Frequency distributions, binned at intervals of 0.5ᵒC [50 yr]-1, of the 1976-2005 and 1976-2080 wintertime (December-February) SAT trends from a 30-member CESM ensemble under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. (b) The frequency of linear trend exceedance for trends that begin in 1976 and end in different years (xaxis) at the grid point. The trend threshold (filled contours at intervals of 0.25ᵒC [50 yr]-1) at the α frequency of exceedance is determined by the (100 - α) percentile of the 30 ensemble https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-managment-of-time-in-data-intensive-web-sites-4q3pl6ctmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-list-version-structure-pattern-1096idi1.png Fig. 8. The LIST VERSION STRUCTURE pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-summary-version-structure-pattern-2v1cmyld.png Fig. 10. The SUMMARY VERSION STRUCTURE pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-chain-version-structure-pattern-3srven6l.png Fig. 9. The CHAIN VERSION STRUCTURE pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-example-adm-schema-2iomed6d.png Fig. 4. The example ADM schema https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temporal-features-in-the-n-er-model-cnhlycqy.png Fig. 12. Temporal features in the N-ER model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-t-adm-page-scheme-2zqc3chx.png Fig. 13. A T-ADM page scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-target-changed-feature-zgkcxib0.png Fig. 5. The TARGET CHANGED feature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-example-t-er-schema-331lxmxy.png Fig. 11. The example T-ER schema https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-self-annotating-web-4pf15h462z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-of-each-of-the-patterns-2npbbwl8.png Table 2: Accuracy of each of the patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-weights-of-the-patterns-1z2qzp8b.png Table 3: Relative weights of the patterns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-process-of-pankow-1xqh05bq.png Figure 1: The Process of PANKOW https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-screenshot-of-cream-with-pankow-plugin-in-28983gg0.png Figure 5: Screenshot of CREAM with PANKOW plugin in interactive mode https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-results-3s591cdq.png Table 4: Comparison of results https://scispace.com/papers/trace-coherence-a-new-operator-for-polarimetric-and-53zoh0pljt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-simulated-dataset-testing-non-esm-a-changing-the-nwpozk1p.png Fig. 13. Simulated dataset. Testing non-ESM. (a) Changing the entropy of the second target; (b) Changing the SM of the second target https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-dataset-coherence-regions-varying-the-1nb596qy.png Fig. 3. Simulated dataset. Coherence Regions varying the entropy: (a) H = 1; (b) H = 0.5; (c) H = 0.004 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-dataset-changing-interferometric-phase-a-3dl5atrc.png Fig. 10. Simulated dataset. Changing interferometric phase. (a) Difference between γtr and MCI; (b) Difference represented on polar plot, Blue: γtr(k), Green: MCI(k) and Red: errors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-dataset-coherence-loci-varying-the-172w25py.png Fig. 9. Simulated dataset. Coherence loci varying the interferometric phase of the dominant scattering mechanism: (a) φ = 0; (b) /phi = 140; (c) φ = 320 (degrees). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-agrisar-dataset-l-band-e-sar-phase-of-interferometric-3kjs1ba0.png Fig. 16. AGRISAR dataset, L-band (E-SAR). Phase of interferometric coherences for the Pauli basis: (a) HH + V V ; (b)HH − V V ; (c) HV . Boxcar filter: 9x9 pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-agrisar-dataset-l-band-e-sar-magnitude-and-phase-of-2qcfvspj.png Fig. 17. AGRISAR dataset, L-band (E-SAR). Magnitude and phase of the trace coherences γtr. Boxcar filter: 9x9 pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-dataset-integral-of-power-a-mci-trace-3-b-3vu4wk6a.png Fig. 2. Simulated dataset. Integral of power. (a) MCI − Trace/3; (b) MCITrace/3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-and-starndard-deviation-std-of-error-juzmpoeo.png TABLE II MEAN AND STARNDARD DEVIATION (STD) OF ERROR. https://scispace.com/papers/toxicity-assessment-of-four-insecticides-with-different-1xqn2i4gtb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-pyriproxyfen-teflubenzuron-and-1qqhexsn.png Table 3 Effect of pyriproxyfen, teflubenzuron, and cypermethrin on reproductive parameters of Eriopis connexa from bioassay on the adult stage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-pyriproxyfen-teflubenzuron-cypermethrin-and-3qsqiyau.png Fig. 2 Effect of pyriproxyfen, teflubenzuron, cypermethrin, and acetamiprid on the cumulative survival (15 days) of Eriopis connexa after adult treatments by ingestion (through the drinking water). Data correspond to means (±SE). Treatments with different letters are significantly different (one-way ANOVA P < 0.05) at F = 38.3, df= 4,15, P ≤ 0.0001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-malformations-in-eriopis-connexa-after-topical-16nq36ev.png Fig. 1 Malformations in Eriopis connexa after topical exposure of pupae. aControl adult, b, c acetamiprid (200 mg L−1 a.i.), d acetamiprid (100mg L−1 a.i.), e, f pyriproxyfen (75 mg L−1 a.i.). Arrows signalize the main malformations observed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-pyriproxyfen-teflubenzuron-and-3t6ytmne.png Table 2 Effect of pyriproxyfen, teflubenzuron, and cypermethrin on the reproductive parameters of Eriopis connexa adult survivors from the topical bioassay on the pupal stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-side-effects-of-pyriproxyfen-teflubenzuron-1ougql9m.png Table 1 Side effects of pyriproxyfen, teflubenzuron, cypermethrin, and acetamiprid on the survival and teratology of Eriopis connexa from the topical bioassay on the pupal stage https://scispace.com/papers/trace-driven-simulation-for-energy-consumption-in-high-a14rhh7f8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-memory-footprint-22u1u0bo.png Fig. 8. Maximum memory footprint https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-execution-time-2kv2m17u.png Fig. 9. Execution time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-htcondor-workload-trace-for-2010-2ohlhaei.png Fig. 5. HTCondor workload trace for 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-transition-diagram-for-a-job-within-an-htc-18lbyybz.png Fig. 3. State transition diagram for a job within an HTC system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-transition-diagram-for-an-htc-resource-3k1hdcfl.png Fig. 2. State transition diagram for an HTC resource https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-job-characteristics-to-htcondor-mappings-47fny53f.png TABLE II JOB CHARACTERISTICS TO HTCONDOR MAPPINGS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interactive-user-activity-trace-for-2010-3s5ud6nj.png Fig. 4. Interactive user activity trace for 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overhead-results-from-exemplar-policy-246qmltt.png Fig. 6. Overhead results from exemplar policy https://scispace.com/papers/tracer-diffusion-in-single-crystalline-cocrfeni-and-ddm73g349g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-in-at-of-cocrfeni-and-cocrfemnni-7kio9wzk.png Table 2: Composition (in at.%) of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi crystals as determined by EDX analysis. The uncertainty of concentrations is less than ±0.2%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-penetration-profiles-measured-after-diffusion-at-3rcko931.png Figure 3: Penetration profiles measured after diffusion at 1373 K for 3 days in CoCrFeNi (a) and in CoCrFeMnNi single crystals (b). y is the penetration depth. In (a) and (b) the filled (open) symbols indicate the the profiles measured in crystals with the 〈001〉 (〈111〉) orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-orientation-imaging-microscopy-of-the-001-3hj4vra9.png Figure 1: Orientation imaging microscopy of the 〈001〉 CoCrFeMnNi single crystal and the corresponding elemental maps obtained by EDX analysis. The grain orientations are colored according to the inverse pole figure (left panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-diffusion-time-t-and-the-determined-tracer-diffusion-3lt8r830.png Table 4: Diffusion time t and the determined tracer diffusion coefficients DV in CoCrFeMnNi single crystal HEAs at 1373 K. The uncertainty of the DV values is typically below 20 %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-co-cr-fe-mn-and-ni-tracer-diffusion-coefficients-in-2qnpmf6i.png Figure 5: Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni tracer diffusion coefficients in HEA single crystals (filled symbols correspond to CoCrFeNi and open symbols correspond to CoCrFeMnNi) in comparison to the Arrhenius plots established for self-diffusion in polycrystalline counterparts (straight lines correspond to CoCrFeNi and dashed lines correspond to CoCrFeMnNi) [23, 25] and Cu solute diffusion in the CoCrFeNi HEA single crystals (pink hexagons and pink straight line). The inset magnifies the data points measured in CoCrFeMnNi. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-penetration-profiles-measured-for-cu-diffusion-in-23lrh6wp.png Figure 4: Penetration profiles measured for Cu diffusion in single crystalline CoCrFeNi at different temperatures. The black squares represent the profile measured directly after implantation without any heat treatment. The solid lines correspond to the fits by Eq. (3). y is the penetration depth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-penetration-profiles-measured-at-1373-k-a-for-co-fwxxxrgy.png Figure 2: Penetration profiles measured at 1373 K (a) for Co-diffusion for 3 days and (b) for Fe-diffusion for several diffusion times along the 〈001〉 direction in both CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs. In (b) the normalized coordinates ln c̄ · √ t and y2/t are used and the concentration profiles measured in CoCrFeNi are shifted along the ordinate axis for a better visualization. c̄ is the layered tracer concentration, y is the penetration depth, and t is the diffusion time. In (a) and (b) the filled (open) symbols correspond to CoCrFeNi (CoCrFeMnNi). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-experimental-parameters-temperature-t-and-time-t-and-3cocca31.png Table 5: Experimental parameters (temperature T and time t) and the determined diffusion coefficients DV for 64Cu diffusion in CoCrFeNi single crystals. The uncertainty of the DV values is typically below 20%. https://scispace.com/papers/track-and-intensity-forecasting-of-hurricanes-impact-of-2dfwei934l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-in-fig-3-but-for-tcs-classified-as-hurricanes-gusjbe5c.png FIG. 4. As in Fig. 3, but for TCs classified as hurricanes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-in-fig-8-but-for-tcs-classified-as-tropical-vhbd6o1r.png FIG. 9. As in Fig. 8, but for TCs classified as tropical depressions and tropical storms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-as-in-fig-2-but-for-biases-of-tc-mslp-forecasts-wtj965dx.png FIG. 13. As in Fig. 2, but for biases of TC MSLP forecasts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-cross-and-along-track-errors-in-relation-mwxr3tko.png FIG. 5. Schematic of cross- and along-track errors in relation to actual and forecast hurricane tracks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-in-fig-2-but-for-absolute-wind-speed-errors-82aptqyr.png FIG. 8. As in Fig. 2, but for absolute wind speed errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-as-in-fig-2-but-for-absolute-mslp-errors-8f97ag7a.png FIG. 12. As in Fig. 2, but for absolute MSLP errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-seven-named-tcs-examined-in-this-study-with-their-1x1u1kag.png FIG. 1. The seven named TCs examined in this study with their best tracks plotted on the WRF forecast domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-as-in-fig-2-but-for-biases-of-tc-maximum-surface-wind-2oryj1bq.png FIG. 11. As in Fig. 2, but for biases of TC maximum surface wind speed forecasts. https://scispace.com/papers/trackosome-a-computational-toolbox-to-study-the-2udglf6o7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatiotemporal-relations-between-cellular-1yffteby.png Figure 2. Spatiotemporal relations between cellular structures during early mitosis. (A-F) Example of Trackosome outputs for a representative cell in mitosis. (A) Three dimensional reconstruction of the cellular membrane (green), nuclear envelope (yellow) and centrosomes (red and blue dots). Scale bars: 10 µm. (B) Nuclear membrane and centrosomes at three distinct time stamps. The centrosomes trajectories (red and blue lines) evidence their migration to opposite poles of the nucleus followed by a progressive nuclear deformation. Scale bars: 10 µm. (C) Distance between centrosomes over time. The distance increases gradually during centrosome migration and decreases once the centrosomes start compressing the nucleus. (D) Angles formed between the centrosomes and the nucleus centroid over time. Note how the decrease in the distance between the centrosomes (C) occurs after centrosomes are on opposite sides of the nucleus, corresponding to the highest value for the centrosomes-nucleus angle. (E) Eccentricity of the cellular (green) and nuclear (orange) membranes evidencing that, while the cellular membrane remains morphologically stable, the nuclear membrane undergoes conformational changes after the centrosomes start deforming the nucleus. (F) Angles formed between: centrosomes axis and the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nuclear-membrane-fluctuations-vary-with-the-stage-smydkn01.png Figure 4. Nuclear membrane fluctuations vary with the stage of the cell cycle and the physiological treatment. (A) Representative nucleus of each group. The phase of the cell cycle is evidenced by the marked histone (red), taken from the first frame of each video. The nuclear envelope (green) is shown at two different times stamps to illustrate the degree of membrane undulations in each group. Scale bar: 5 µm. (B) Median of the majorant frequency dependent fluctuations, uf, obtained for groups of cells in interphase and early mitosis. The curve for cells fixed with formaldehyde was also included to set the noise limit. (C) Median of the majorant uf obtained for groups of cells in interphase and mitosis, treated with DMSO, nocodazole (NOC) and fixed with formaldehyde. NOC caused a significant decrease of the membrane fluctuations in mitosis. (D) Median across cells of the average FT of the squared fluctuations of each cell, <uf2>, for the groups represented in (C). In logarithmic scales, the <uf2> curves show regions dominated by different frequency dependencies, limited by the solid lines with slopes f0, f-1.5 and f-4. (E) Mean and standard deviation of the log RMS of the fluctuations for all the tested groups. Using a logarithmic scale, the RMS fluctuations distributions are approximately normal and can thus be described by their mean value and standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evaluation-of-centrosome-tracking-a-user-interface-2oachgex.png Figure 1. Evaluation of centrosome tracking. (A) User Interface for centrosome tracking showing the XY, XZ and YZ maximum projections for a video of a mitotic cell with the corresponding automatically identified centrosome positions (red and blue dots). (B) Frame extracted from the three synthetic videos with varying levels of SNR. Centrosomes are inside the red and blue circles. Scale bar: 10 µm. (C) Original trajectory (black) and trajectory obtained by Trackosome (red) for the centrosome on the left in B (red circle), and associated error obtained for both centrosomes. Scale bar: 1 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nuclear-membrane-fluctuations-captured-with-1bak67gt.png Figure 3. Nuclear membrane fluctuations captured with Trackosome. (A-C) The perpendicular membrane displacements measured with Trackosome are sensible to subtle membrane movements. (A) Membrane segmentation (red) of a representative nucleus in prophase (left) and a detailed view of the upper region of the membrane (right) illustrating the difference between defining the fluctuations (black vectors) as perpendicular (top right) or radial (bottom right) movements of the current membrane (red) around the median membrane (black). For the radial displacements, the centroid of the median membrane is used as https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-the-formation-history-of-giant-planets-in-ucf8wrgrgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mass-fraction-of-solid-material-as-a-function-of-nz234g4x.png Figure 2. Mass fraction of solid material as a function of the distance from the star in our template protoplanetary disk. Mass fraction is expressed with respect to the total mass of gas, assuming a solar composition for the latter. The mass fraction of condensed material is always lower than the protostellar Z, as some elements (Ne) and molecules (CO and N2) never condense in our disk (see main text and Table 3 for further details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-elemental-ratios-and-metallicity-of-the-gaseous-h1n33z9j.png Table 6 Elemental Ratios and Metallicity of the Gaseous Envelope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-normalized-elemental-ratios-of-the-gaseous-3atg7zw6.png Figure 7. Left: Normalized elemental ratios of the gaseous envelope when the metallicity of the giant planet is dominated by the accretion of planetesimals. Right: Normalized elemental ratios in the gaseous envelope when the metallicity of the giant planet is dominated instead by the accretion of gas. Each elemental ratio is normalized to the relevant stellar elemental ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-formation-scenarios-envelope-metallicity-and-za5zl15u.png Table 4 Formation Scenarios, Envelope Metallicity, and Compositions of the Giant Planets https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gas-contributions-to-the-c-o-and-n-abundances-of-the-20yynrlm.png Table 5 Gas Contributions to the C, O, and N Abundances of the Gaseous Envelope https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-normalized-elemental-ratios-of-the-gaseous-envelope-22r3xy80.png Table 7 Normalized Elemental Ratios of the Gaseous Envelope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mass-growth-and-planetesimal-accretion-tracks-qzk58pll.png Figure 10. Mass growth and planetesimal accretion tracks, normalized to their final values, from the scenario where the giant planet starts forming at 19 au. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-elemental-ratios-of-the-gas-dotted-dashed-lines-and-2rkfokut.png Figure 9. Elemental ratios of the gas (dotted–dashed lines) and the solids (solid lines) in the protoplanetary disk as a function of the radial distance from the star. Each elemental ratio is normalized to the relevant stellar elemental ratio. https://scispace.com/papers/trade-and-the-distribution-of-human-capital-ydcspgx7w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-production-possibilities-frontier-3nf9qpc0.png Figure 1: Production Possibilities Frontier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparative-advantage-under-first-order-stochastic-1vicah36.png Figure 2: Comparative Advantage under First-Order Stochastic Dominance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparative-advantage-under-mean-preserving-spreads-3ka9x0pw.png Figure 3: Comparative Advantage under Mean-Preserving Spreads https://scispace.com/papers/trade-logistics-and-regional-integration-in-latin-america-hn53tgh2au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-average-inventory-levels-losses-to-190yvmlj.png Table 5: Comparison of Average Inventory Levels, Losses to Markets, and Logistics Costs in Latin America and the OECD, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-logistics-costs-as-percentage-of-product-value-for-ti70zcdh.png Figure 7: Logistics Costs as Percentage of Product Value for Selected Economies, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-most-fragile-components-in-trade-facilitation-1x09douf.png Table 7: Most Fragile Components in Trade Facilitation Performance 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-enabling-trade-index-2008-lac-compared-with-other-2qurjac4.png Figure 8: Enabling Trade Index 2008: LAC Compared with Other Regions 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-import-freight-expenditures-as-a-share-of-2bmi5ilj.png Figure 3: Total Import Freight Expenditures as a Share of Imports, 2006 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-mesoamerica-project-corridors-ikezyq5v.png Figure 12: Mesoamerica Project Corridors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intraregional-exports-of-major-trading-blocs-2zsiw253.png Table 1: Intraregional Exports of Major Trading Blocs (percentage of merchandise exports, (1990–2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-trade-agreements-notified-to-general-khs8knqi.png Figure 1: Regional Trade Agreements Notified to General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/WTO (1948–2008), Including Inactive Agreements, by Year of Entry into Force5 https://scispace.com/papers/trade-offs-between-global-warming-and-day-length-on-the-2qz7mmkv99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-delay-between-snowmelt-date-and-the-start-of-1dxeoldr.png Figure 3. Time delay between snowmelt date and the start of the carbon uptake period (CUP) based on simulated warming using (left) climatological drivers and (right) as measured during the study period. Warming in the Figure 3 (left) was simulated by uniformly increasing climatological temperature (rightmost data points) up to +3K (leftmost data points) in 0.25K steps (closed symbols); lines and slope values represent linear fits to these data. The stepwise pattern in Figure 3 (left) results from changes in NEE in response to 0.25K warming steps that do not cause daily NEE to switch sign. Open symbols in Figure 3 (left) refer to warming simulations where day length and incident radiation were increased to the values of the control simulation, as explained in the text. Lines and slope values in Figure 3 (right) refer to linear fits to the measured data with R2 values of 0.82, 0.37, and 0.99 at Neustift, Monte Bondone, and Torgnon, respectively. Note on the different scales of the y axis in Figure 3 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-net-ecosystem-co2-exchange-nee-at-the-2820ic5i.png Figure 1. Cumulative net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) at the study sites Neustift, Monte Bondone, and Torgnon. Grey areas indicate the range in the start and end of the carbon uptake period (CUP). Sudden upward trends in cumulative NEE during the CUP at Neustift and Monte Bondone correspond to times when the grasslands were harvested, which caused them to temporarily turn into carbon sources [Marcolla et al., 2011; Wohlfahrt et al., 2008a; Wohlfahrt et al., 2008b]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-three-investigated-mountain-1zhjdjeu.png Table 1. Characteristics of the Three Investigated Mountain Grassland Sites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-and-simulatedmultiyear-average-top-i339pegr.png Figure 2. Measured and simulatedmultiyear average (top) nighttime, (middle) daytime and (bottom) daily average net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) at the study sites Neustift, Monte Bondone, and Torgnon. Data are binned by day before/after the start of the carbon uptake period (CUP). Error bars represent multiyear average standard deviations of measured and simulated NEE. https://scispace.com/papers/trade-unions-and-precariat-in-europe-representative-claims-6e0lkf9u7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-competing-forms-of-representative-claims-e6q7p9zk.png Table 1 – Competing forms of representative claims https://scispace.com/papers/trading-price-jump-clusters-in-foreign-exchange-markets-1c05vn6bky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-log-returns-2mk1l7y4.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of log-returns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-portfolio-perspective-of-the-trading-outcomes-x6cnkpj0.png Table 8: Portfolio perspective of the trading outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-measures-and-profitability-2l9ka4jm.png Figure 3: Risk measures and profitability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-of-log-returns-following-the-2y0drw0s.png Table 5: Descriptive statistics of log-returns following the price jump. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-arrivals-and-magnitudes-of-2vb8ofb2.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics of arrivals and magnitudes of price jumps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-us-dollar-risk-factor-zucfer6c.png Table 9: The US dollar risk factor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-bid-ask-spread-3dj50zuh.png Table 6: Average bid-ask spread. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-march-7-2013-levels-and-log-returns-of-the-eur-y4vajuhm.png Figure 1: March 7, 2013: levels and log-returns of the EUR. https://scispace.com/papers/tragedy-of-the-commons-in-the-tourism-accommodation-industry-10ijdgmsav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-open-access-and-social-optimum-solutions-3eeg96rt.png Figure 5. Open Access and Social Optimum Solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-market-and-firm-long-run-equilibria-2wjdzpi9.png Figure 4. Market and Firm Long -run Equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-net-externalities-1ovtccqp.png Figure 3. Net Externalities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-firms-cost-structure-4mwxiaen.png Figure 1. Firm’s Cost Structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-firms-long-run-supply-curve-27tki1m9.png Figure 2. Firm’s Long-run Supply Curve https://scispace.com/papers/training-and-development-in-small-professional-services-18vwjy2742 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-ez9rmonx.png Table 1. Demographic data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-relating-to-associations-between-2b4qkopk.png Table 5. Results relating to associations between ‘participation in training events’ and ‘participation in development events’ and affective commitment https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-relating-to-associations-between-1w2unrmu.png Table 6. Results relating to associations between ‘participation in training events’ and ‘participation in development events’ and innovative work behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-means-standard-deviations-correlations-22tvcdv3.png Table 2. Results for means, standard deviations, correlations, and Cronbach’s alphas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-3c9ni0o9.png Figure 1. Conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-regression-results-associations-between-2sd49qzs.png Table 3. Multiple regression results: Associations between ‘attitudes towards training’ and ‘training policies and practices’ and participation in T&D events https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-relating-to-the-mediating-role-of-affective-3ju4t1qp.png Table 4. Results relating to the mediating role of affective commitment in the link between participation in T&D events and IWB https://scispace.com/papers/traite-de-zoologie-par-c-claus-traduite-de-l-allemand-sur-la-28zolwf7z7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-873-amphllaria-canaliculata-d-apres-d-oibigny-on-voit-le-1e2btuql.png Fig. 873. — AmpHllaria canaliculata (d'après d'Oibigny). — On voit le siplion branchial s faisant saillie du côté gauche; o est l'orpercule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8g5-g9da8uhh.png Fig. 8G5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-916-developpement-de-sepia-officiitali-t-d-apres-2isit35z.png Fig. 916. — Développement de Sepia offîciitali.t (d'après Kôlliker). — a, disque germinatif vu en-dessus; Br, branchies; Tr, replis de l'entonnoir; Oc, œil; .V, manteau.— b, c, rf, etc., quatre phases plus avancées du développement de l'embryon; b et d, vues de face; c et e, vues de coté. D, vitellus; KL' et KL", lobes céphaliques antérieurs et postérieurs; U, bouche; I à 5, rudiments dés bras. En e les moitiés de l'entonnoir se sont réunies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-976-figures-scliemaliques-du-deveiopiiement-de-la-corde-323962va.png Fig. 976. — Figures scliémaliques du déveiopiiement de la corde dorsale dans . ^ • ,^ i les diflerenls types de Vertébrés (d'après Gegenbaur). — c, corde dorsale; es, P"*' P^^'CS, leS COgaine de la corde; s, couche squelelto^ène; v, corps vertébraux; iv, parties tes quo l'oil a SOUinterverlébrales; g, articulations interveilébrales. — A. Type idéal, chez le- . . 'A' >' https://scispace.com/figures/fig-973-le-mome-fig-974-individu-issu-d-un-bourgeon-17gu318b.png Fig. 973. — Le môme Fig. 974. — Individu issu d'un bourgeon laindividu plus âgé téral, avec une grande bouche et pas de https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1159-bulbe-dentaire-d-un-embryon-humain-figure-en-partie-3g2su0ty.png Fig. 1159. — Bulbe dentaire d'un embryon humain. Figure en partie schémaliqne (d'après https://scispace.com/figures/fig-922-argonauta-argo-male-hc-hecto-cotyle-d-apres-h-m5rfubch.png Fig, 922. — Argonauta argo mâle. Hc, hecto cotyle (d'après H. Millier.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-95-j-larve-de-lingula-pyramidata-vue-par-la-lace-1m73fl05.png Fig. 95'J. — Larve de Lingula pyramidata vue par la lace ventrale (d'après Brooks). — T, tentacules; 0, bouche; D, tube digestif; Af, anus; L, foie; St, rudiment du ijcdoncule. iigée de Lingula pyramidala (d'après https://scispace.com/papers/trains-of-keypoints-for-3d-object-recognition-5g3ofkp58f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hit-percentages-of-the-11-classifiers-against-test-2a0gmk4q.png Table 1. Hit percentages of the 11 classifiers against test sets (1-4) (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/transboundary-water-interaction-i-reconsidering-conflict-and-1ctcieide2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-continua-of-conflict-cooperation-a-natos-stages-v4nrnhfe.png Fig. 1 Three continua of conflict /? cooperation: (a) NATO’s ‘stages of conflict development’ (1999), (b) Delli-Priscoli’s ‘continuum of alternative dispute resolution techniques’ (1996), and (c) Yoffe et al.’s ‘water event intensity scale’ (2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-and-faces-of-transboundary-water-interaction-a-3sl90nkj.png Table 1 Types and faces of transboundary water interaction (a first approximation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-scales-of-participation-a-arnsteins-ladder-of-1h5wt9vm.png Fig. 2 Two scales of participation: (a) Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’ (1969), and (b) Bruns’ ‘extended ladder of participation’ applied to water tenure reform (2003) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-twins-matrix-of-conflict-and-cooperation-applied-3th8tpcb.png Fig. 3 The TWINS matrix of conflict and cooperation, applied to hydropolitical bilateral relations over time between Sudan and Egypt https://scispace.com/papers/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-language-mapping-analysis-18jbds9zix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-er-distribution-1qflcvnv.png Table 2. ER distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-neuropathological-overview-of-2zxh8s7w.png Table 1. Demographic and neuropathological overview of patient cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weights-learned-with-svm-classification-with-libsvm-yrecr7ym.png Table 3. Weights learned with SVM classification with LibSVM, with linear kernel C = 1.15. https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-regulation-of-hsfa7-and-post-transcriptional-3n9ye37yru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-planta-validation-of-hsfb4a-as-negative-1aslc3hp.png Figure 4: In-planta validation of HSFB4a as negative regulator of heat stress tolerance in tomato. (a) Phenotype of P35S:HSFB4a overexpressing and empty vector control seedlings in control and after heat stress (HS) conditions. (b) Estimation of percentage survival and (c) hypocotyl length in control and after HS in P35S:HSFB4a overexpressing and empty vector control seedlings. (d) Dry weight estimation in empty vector and P35S:HSFB4a overexpressing seedlings during control and after heat stress. Data are means and SE of four biological sets of 70 seedlings each. (e) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of HSFB4a in TRV-EV and TRV-HSFB4a silenced plants confirming the silencing of HSFB4a. The expression levels of HSFB4a were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method and presented using fold-change values as compared to control. Fold change was calculated by setting the fold change values of HSFB4a in TRV-EV plants as one (f) TRV-EV and TRV-HSFB4a silenced plants phenotypes after heat stress treatment. (g) Percentage survival of HS treated TRV-EV and TRV-HSFB4a plants. (h) Measurement of net photosynthesis rate (μmol m−2s−1), water use efficiency (mmol mol−1) and transpiration rate (mmol m−2 s−1) in TRV-EVand TRV-HSFB4a silenced plants following heat stress. (i) Trypan blue and (j) DAB staining of HS treated leaves of TRV-EV and TRV-HSFB4a silenced plants. Plants were given heat stress 3 weeks post agro-infiltration. Survival was gauged 6 days post recovery. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expression-profiling-of-hsfs-in-leaf-of-contrasting-2aulragw.png Figure 1: Expression profiling of HSFs in leaf of contrasting tomato cultivars upon heat stress. (a) qRT-PCR based expression analysis of HSFs during HS in leaf of CLN (tolerant) and CA4 (sensitive) cultivar. Actin was used as the normalization control. Fold change of HSFs during heat stress was calculated by setting the fold change value of CLN and CA4 plants kept in control conditions as one. Log2 transformation was applied to the fold-change data to obtain negative fold change values. Experiment was repeated three times and average values are plotted as bars, error bars depict standard error between three replicates. (b) Venn diagram depicting shared and uniquely upregulated and downregulated HSFs in contrasting cultivar pair during HS. Red coloured numerals depict the number of genes that are upregulated, while green coloured numerals depict down-regulated HSF genes. https://scispace.com/papers/transfer-learning-for-informative-frame-selection-in-2rdjtdf2s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tested-convolutional-neural-networks-cnns-and-the-3j6osrfk.png Table 2 Tested convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the corresponding number of learned features. Top-1 and top-5 accuracies achieved on the ImageNet dataset are reported too. These accuracies refer to the fractions of test images for which the correct label is the first (top-1) or among the five labels (top-5) considered most probable by the model, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nbi-infframes-evaluation-dataset-it-is-reported-the-2m0ptbyq.png Table 4 NBI-InfFrames evaluation dataset. It is reported the number of frames that contributed to build the dataset, for each video (video ID) and for each class (I, B, S, U). The dataset is split in 3 folds to perform robust estimation of the classification performance. I: informative frame; B: blurred frame; S: frame with saliva or specular reflections; U: underexposed frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalized-confusion-matrices-for-the-vgg-16-based-jobf5c2g.png Fig. 8 Normalized confusion matrices for the VGG 16-based classification. 8(a): results obtained with a vanilla network (i.e. with a random initialization of the network’s weights). 8(b): results obtained with a transfer learning approach, as described in Sec. 3.1. B: blurred frames, I: informative frames, S: frames with saliva or specular reflections, U: underexposed frames. The colorbar indicates the number of images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-macro-averaging-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-txslw0vt.png Fig. 4 Macro-averaging receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the investigated architectures coupled with support vector machines (SVMs). The area under the ROC (AUC) for each architecture is reported, too. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-curves-for-the-2yjiu0uh.png Fig. 5 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the four frame classes obtained with VGG 16. Features learned with VGG 16 are classified with (a) support vector machines (SVM) and (b) fully-connected layers. The area under the ROC (AUC) for each class is reported, too. B: blurred frames, I: informative frames, S: frames with saliva or specular reflections, U: underexposed frames. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-samples-of-laryngeal-video-frames-in-the-nbi-infframes-1dpece0q.png Fig. 3 Samples of laryngeal video frames in the NBI-InfFrames. Frames were B: blurred, I: informative, S: with saliva and specular reflections, U: underexposed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-support-vector-machines-svms-based-classification-1y7tx96b.png Table 5 Support vector machines (SVMs)-based classification performance in terms of class-specific precision (Precclass), recall (Recclass) and F1-score (F1class) are reported for the four different classes. B: blurred frames, I: informative frames, S: frames with saliva or specular reflections, U: underexposed frames. Results from the state of art [11] report only two significant digits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-of-the-art-approaches-to-informative-frame-13qe9v5o.png Table 1 State-of-the-art approaches to informative-frame selection. https://scispace.com/papers/transfer-of-training-emotionally-biased-interpretations-3jdpo2gm5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-number-of-homograph-interpretations-in-the-dcbshmrc.png Table 1. Mean number of homograph interpretations in the transfer phase (standard deviation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-mean-number-of-interpretations-that-were-judged-36p1cqce.png Figure 1. The mean number of interpretations that were judged to be related or unrelated to threat, during the transfer phase of experiment 1. Error bars represent one SE https://scispace.com/papers/transformation-of-singular-light-beams-at-nondegenerated-2xx6vkz7f6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatial-propagations-of-the-intensity-a-d-phase-b-e-28fzhpih.png Fig. 1. Spatial propagations of the intensity (a, d), phase (b, e) and the interference patterns (d, f) for the signal (a, b, c) and diffracted (d, e, f) light beams with a topological charge m = 1 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 f) and m = 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, and 2f). https://scispace.com/papers/transformations-inc-partnering-to-build-net-zero-energy-53nqu8udfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-devens-sensor-package-msl5kf8o.png Table 5. Devens Sensor Package https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-basement-construction-cost-23dbtpy0.png Table 10. Basement Construction Cost https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-l-northampton-lot-28-r-needham-lot-31-vlivf5ux.png Figure 10. (L) Northampton (Lot 28); (R) Needham (Lot 31) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-air-leakage-test-results-in-the-devens-sustainable-2lui2ds4.png Table 1. Air Leakage Test Results in the Devens Sustainable Housing Development https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-air-leakage-test-results-in-the-homes-at-easthampton-19k95euz.png Table 2. Air Leakage Test Results in the Homes at Easthampton Meadow Development https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-air-leakage-test-results-in-the-coppersmith-way-16cl8bx8.png Table 3. Air Leakage Test Results in the Coppersmith Way Development https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-l-model-home-garage-side-r-house-side-1fh9p9vs.png Figure 17. (L) Model home garage side; (R) house side https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-l-pv-inverter-connection-r-tankless-water-heater-2dauy2ic.png Figure 18. (L) PV inverter connection; (R) tankless water heater intake and exhaust vent https://scispace.com/papers/transformative-learning-as-a-ground-up-approach-to-38yw79mp86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-vacb-participants-by-gender-age-and-ethnic-30hou2d8.png Table 1. Number of VACB participants by gender, age, and ethnic group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-vacb-system-in-the-mekong-delta-13fwr2xh.png Figure 1. Typical VACB system in the Mekong Delta https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-annual-incomes-with-traditional-crops-in-3av2s39t.png Table 3. Average annual incomes with traditional crops in Phong Dien District https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-areas-of-study-marked-as-black-rectangles-in-the-374tyqrv.png Figure 2. Areas of study (marked as black rectangles) in the Mekong Delta https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-vacb-crops-and-average-household-income-in-371os0aw.png Table 2. Common VACB crops and average household income in Phong Dien district https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-vacb-system-by-commune-in-phong-38nx3hl9.png Figure 3. Distribution of VACB system by commune in Phong Dien district https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-major-factors-and-issues-challenging-the-development-agxb9a8m.png Table 7. Major factors and issues challenging the development of T-learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-water-quality-observed-and-calculated-in-3068cea5.png Table 6. Average water quality observed and calculated in different periods of polyculture farming https://scispace.com/papers/transforming-school-students-aspirations-into-destinations-3qkeyotlb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphic-summarising-the-prise-framework-including-a-1vpyso8f.png Figure 1. Graphic summarising the PRiSE framework including a timeline of the different project activity stages (rectangles), interventions and stakeholders’ roles within them (rounded rectangles), and resources provided (document shapes). Arrows indicate over what dates interventions (identified by colour) typically occur. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-word-cloud-of-students-experiences-colours-indicate-1p5ffrga.png Figure 4. Word cloud of students’ experiences. Colours indicate words identified by students (blue), teachers (green), or both (cyan). Students and teachers have been given equal total weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-students-blue-and-teachers-green-3t2dwlx0.png Figure 3. Distribution of students’ (blue) and teachers’ (green) overall happiness with their PRiSE projects. Error bars denote standard (1σ ) Clopper and Pearson (1934) intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-usefulness-of-support-provided-to-teachers-t-n-23-1he03aro.png Figure 5. Usefulness of support provided to teachers (T, n= 23) and students (S, n= 68). Results are divided (black lines and associated error bars) into negative (red) and positive responses, with the latter subdivided (grey lines and error bars) into “essential” (blue) and “helpful” (yellow) elements. Error bars denote standard (1σ ) Clopper and Pearson (1934) intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-photos-of-various-stages-of-the-prise-framework-26zu35k0.png Figure 2. Photos of various stages of the PRiSE framework: students participating in an on-campus kick-off workshop (a), students interacting during the poster session at a conference (b), a group of students display their prizes won at a conference along with their teacher (c), and a group presents a talk at a conference (d). https://scispace.com/papers/transgenic-inhibition-of-neuronal-calcineurin-activity-in-4sgcct4o42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inhibition-of-forebrain-can-activity-reduces-the-rate-1tf9lpup.png Fig. 1. Inhibition of forebrain CaN activity reduces the rate of extinction of previously acquired contextual fearmemory. (a)Double transgenicmice fed with Dox express the CaN inhibitor in the hippocampus. (b) Experimental protocol for the fear conditioning and extinction test. After the conditioning and retention test, mice from the Dox-Ext group (n = 7) received Dox (day 3–22) to induce the expression of the CaN inhibitor. Mice of the control group (No-Dox group, n = 9) did not receive Dox. (c) Freezing behavior measuredduring a 4 min session, 24 h after the contextual fear conditioning. (d) Freezing behavior measured during daily 4 min sessions for 13 consecutive days. Error bars indicate ± SEM. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-convection-due-to-imposed-heat-flux-application-to-1ig2x27py5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-mean-fluctuating-temperature-t-at-4uqa9arv.png Figure 13.—Comparison of mean fluctuating temperature T at fixed points (xp, yp) in the flow field with experimental data (Exp.—no screen and no heater) (Ref. 1) for increasing Rayleigh numbers, Ra. (a) Time, t = 600 s. (b) Time, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transition-to-asymmetry-leading-to-the-traveling-iv3d8zt7.png Figure 4.—Transition to asymmetry leading to the traveling-wave-type motion of convective modes; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-history-of-nondimensional-temperature-t-and-2s25p10s.png Figure 11.—Time history of nondimensional temperature, T*, and velocity fields (horizontal component of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-physical-description-of-cryogenic-fluid-ambient-39x95u43.png Figure 1.—Physical description of cryogenic fluid (ambient temperature, TA, and density, ρA) inside an enclosure absorbing surface heat flux, at the bottom, sides, and top (qb", qs", and qt"), from ambient environment heat https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-instability-at-small-scales-showing-1jsmm70w.png Figure 8.—Evolution of instability at small scales, showing the self-organization of modes and vorticity production as the instability propagates from time, t, of 8 s to 19.2 s. Heat flux, q" = 3.49×105 erg/cm2-s; heat load, Q = 10.0 W; aspect ratio, Ar = 3.24; Prandtl number, Pr = 2.27; Rayleigh number, Ra = 1013; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-sensitivity-to-initial-conditions-5t7ge88n.png Figure 7.—Illustration of sensitivity to initial conditions showing the effect of grid size on the resolution of small scales at time, t = 9.0 s, for Rayleigh number, Ra = 1013; heat flux, q" = 3.49×105 erg/cm2-s; heat load, Q = 10.0 W; heat flux ratios at the bottom, top, and sidewall, fb = 1, ft = 1, fs = 2.87×10–9, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-low-heat-load-q-0-01-w-and-heat-flux-18breot6.png Figure 12.—Comparison of low (heat load, Q = 0.01 W, and heat flux ratio at the sidewall, fs = 2.87×10–6) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-dynamics-of-the-flow-field-showing-the-1z7wx910.png Figure 3.—Global dynamics of the flow field, showing the growth of thermals over time, t, and the https://scispace.com/papers/transient-loading-of-a-rapidly-advancing-mode-ii-crack-in-a-3anywrsoze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-stress-intensity-factor-kiidtth-in-the-sub-22pv2biv.png Fig. 4. The stress-intensity factor KIIðtÞ in the sub-Rayleigh case v ¼ 0:5cs for f ¼ 1, s ¼ 1 (the solid curve), f ¼ 5, s ¼ 3 (the dashed curve) and for the elastic case (the dash-dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-stress-singularity-coefficient-kdtth-in-the-19ciajbd.png Fig. 5. The stress singularity coefficient kðtÞ in the transonic case v ¼ 1:5cs for f ¼ 1, s ¼ 1 (the solid curve), f ¼ 5, s ¼ 3 (the dashed curve) and for the elastic case (the dash-dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-real-solid-line-and-imaginary-dashed-line-parts-of-f5w6bmoe.png Fig. 3. The real (solid line) and imaginary (dashed line) parts of the function W ðx; j0Þ for f ¼ 1, s ¼ 1, c ¼ 0:1, v ¼ 1:5cs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-branch-cuts-for-the-function-adf-sth-for-v-cl-a-1ugx3wi4.png Fig. 1. The branch cuts for the function aðf; sÞ, for v < cl (a) and v > cl (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-set-fk0d-d-th-iyth-1-y-1g-for-f-1-4-1-s-1-4-1-s-1-7o0knktf.png Fig. 2. The set fK0ð d þ iyÞ : 1 < y < 1g, for f ¼ 1, s ¼ 1, s ¼ 0:1, d ¼ 0:01 in the sub-Rayleigh case ðv ¼ 0:5csÞ: the solid curve, in the super-Rayleigh case ðv ¼ 0:95csÞ: the dashed curve, and in the transonic case ðv ¼ 1:5csÞ: the dash-dotted curve. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-scaling-and-resurgence-of-chimera-states-in-2a2rvpqnlw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-illustration-of-a-ring-network-with-n-10-nodes-and-1bae6pjv.png FIG. 1. (a) Illustration of a ring network with N = 10 nodes and coupling range R = 3. (b) Illustration of the Boolean phase oscillator (a node in the network) with state variable xi . (c) The state-dependent delay for the coupling mechanism consisting of a constant delay τ0,i built with 30 cascaded copier logic gates and 2R variable delay elements. σi , trapezoids, and ⊕ signs denote delay lines, Boolean switches (multiplexers), and XOR gates, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-dynamics-measured-from-coupled-boolean-um4z8ho1.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Dynamics measured from coupled Boolean phase oscillators with N = 128, R = 30, ω0 = 2π (9.3 ± 0.03) MHz, σ̃ = 2π (0.089 ± 0.003) MHz. (a) Snapshot at t ≈ 304 s; (b) frequency profile fi = 〈φ̇i〉/(2π ). The network is initialized by deactivating the coupling, resulting in randomized initial phases, followed by activating the coupling. i is shifted by a constant to center the unsynchronized domain [32]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-phases-phi-and-b-frequencies-fi-phi-2p-2zh9lod2.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) Phases φi and (b) frequencies fi = 〈φ̇i〉/(2π ) of the network at t = 50 μ s. Dynamics are obtained from numerical simulation of Eq. (3) with N = 128, R = 42, ω0 = 2π × 9.3 MHz, σ̃ = 2π × 0.089 MHz, α = 0.1. Dynamics are initialized as in Ref. [2] with φi = 6p exp(−0.76x2), where p is a uniform random variable on [−0.5,0.5] and x = 2πi/N − π . For simplicity, we do not assume frequency heterogeneity and noise in the model. To improve simulation performance, we simulate an altered version of Eq. (3) with a continuous XOR function given by {tanh[−c sin(φj ) sin(φi + α)] + 1}/2 with slope c = 4 instead of | [sin(φj )] − [sin(φi + α)]|. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-tests-of-the-fully-enriched-aluminum-plate-type-b-3ygidbokvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-continued-gfhh0fb1.png TABLE IV (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-c29-spert-i-b-12-64-core-transient-ei-95oc-t-11-4-msec-17pzt2oy.png Fig. C29 Spert I B-12/64 core transient, ei = 95OC, T = 11.4 msec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b15-spert-i-b-16-40-core-transient-e-1-50degc-t-94-9-1irf7mx6.png Fig. B15 Spert I B-16/40 core transient, e 1 = 50°C, T = 94.9 msec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b27-spert-i-b-16-40-core-transient-e-i-95oc-t-91-7-msec-19prhkzg.png Fig. B27 Spert I B-16/40 core transient, e i = 95OC, T = 91.7 msec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b28-spert-i-b-16-40-core-transient-95oc-t-31-1-msec-2ibhqavi.png Fig. B28 Spert I B-16/40 core transient, = 95OC, T = 31.1 msec. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-29qmo8kx.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a29-spert-i-b-24-32-core-transient-ii-40degc-t-78-9-msec-s7hha34j.png Fig. A29 Spert I B-24/32 core transient, &Ii = 40°C, T = 78.9 msec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a49-spert-i-b-24-32-core-transient-g-i-96oc-t-140-msec-3rxppcxk.png Fig. A49 Spert I B-24/32 .core transient, g i = 96OC, T = 140 msec. https://scispace.com/papers/translation-reliability-and-validity-of-the-job-satisfaction-53ub4szu3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-retest-analysis-2pttyvv4.png Table 3 Test-retest analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-item-factor-of-the-jss-warr-et-al-1979-two-factor-3n4disiv.png Table 1 Item factor of the JSS (Warr et al., 1979) Two-factor solution Three-factor solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fit-indexes-of-the-measurement-models-14igg14n.png Table 4 Fit indexes of the measurement models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-job-satisfaction-n-418-29uq53rg.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics Job Satisfaction n = 418 https://scispace.com/papers/translators-revising-translators-a-fruitful-alliance-2j2incp8ua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-atlas-tis-coding-interface-dvo79iyp.png Figure 1. Screenshot of Atlas.ti’s coding interface https://scispace.com/papers/transnational-advocacy-over-time-business-and-ngo-4xkgdzetgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-interest-groups-at-cops-1997-2011-1wv4ijva.png Figure 3 Number of Interest Groups at COPs, 1997–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-level-of-concentration-in-interest-community-at-3leaxkh1.png Figure 4 Level of Concentration in Interest Community at COPs: NGO and Business Fields https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-specific-and-encompassing-business-trend-line-1e2kb4yv.png Figure 7 Specific and Encompassing Business: Trend Line Absolute (a) and Relative (b) at COPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-analyses-2cs3pfr1.png Table 1 Overview of Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-development-of-environmental-and-manufacturing-3d0n1tir.png Figure 6 Development of Environmental and Manufacturing, Mining, and Energy Organizations over Time at COPs (trend line absolute representation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-business-and-ngo-group-representation-at-cops-trend-34ki2ib5.png Figure 5 Business and NGO Group Representation at COPs: Trend Line Absolute (a), and Relative to All Mobilization (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interest-community-development-from-the-collective-3r7i3d4l.png Figure 1 Interest Community Development from the Collective Action Perspective https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-development-of-largest-citizen-and-business-sectors-2flsats2.png Table 2 Development of Largest Citizen and Business Sectors (Percentage of Total COP) https://scispace.com/papers/transparency-and-reciprocal-behavior-in-employment-relations-1kkoj2yg44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-partial-correlations-between-effort-and-wage-1icc08fo.png Table 4: Partial Correlations between Effort and Wage conditional on Period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-wages-and-efforts-in-the-hidden-effort-3llwcvnb.png Figure 4: Average Wages and Efforts in the Hidden Effort Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-of-effort-levels-in-both-treatments-2esev6ew.png Figure 5: Frequency of Effort Levels in both Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-efforts-wages-and-profits-ux585mn4.png Table 2: Average Efforts, Wages and Profits https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-pearson-correlation-coefficients-between-2qpvdjmu.png Table 3: Individual Pearson Correlation Coefficients between Effort and Wage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-wages-and-efforts-in-the-revealed-effort-4ubfeg6a.png Figure 3: Average Wages and Efforts in the Revealed Effort Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-wage-in-both-treatments-2tlgmzcn.png Figure 2: Frequency of Wage in both Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-effort-per-wage-in-both-treatments-2ryz8qs0.png Figure 1: Average Effort per Wage in both Treatments https://scispace.com/papers/transport-of-elm-energy-and-particles-into-the-sol-and-4tx4q0plw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-normalized-conducted-elm-energy-versus-the-e69wpafl.png Fig. 6. The normalized conducted ELM energy versus the pedestal electron collisionality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-behavior-of-elm-characteristics-at-low-density-1rpqcqit.png Fig. 10. Time behavior of ELM characteristics at low density. Shown are the pedestal SXR, inboard and outboard divertor Dα , the interferometer signal passing through outboard divertor, the inboard and outboard peak divertor heat flux and the radiation at the inboard and outboard divertor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-normalized-convected-elm-energy-as-measured-by-qs4t2cz1.png Fig. 5. (a) The normalized convected ELM energy as measured by the Thomson profile versus the pedestal density normalized by the Greenwald parameter, ne,ped/nGW. (b) The normalized conducted ELM energy versus the normalized pedestal density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-behavior-of-elm-characteristics-at-low-density-1z2evrg3.png Fig. 8. Time behavior of ELM characteristics at low density. Shown are the pedestal SXR, inboard and outboard divertor Dα , inboard and outboard Jsat from Langmuir probes, the interferometer signal passing through outboard divertor, and the peak heat flux at the inboard and outboard divertor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-radial-profile-of-the-elm-deposited-energy-on-the-jog7txkb.png Fig. 9. The radial profile of the ELM deposited energy on the divertor target. Shown are profiles for pedestal densities of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 of the Greenwald density limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-plasma-configuration-and-extended-set-of-pedestal-1tmfo1pl.png Fig. 7. The plasma configuration and extended set of pedestal and divertor diagnostics used to measure ELM perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-changes-to-the-ne-and-te-profiles-due-to-an-2cn2n8la.png Fig. 3. Relative changes to the ne and Te profiles due to an ELM. The relative perturbation is defined and the difference between the pre- and post-ELM profiles divided by the pre-ELM profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-profiles-of-ne-and-te-as-fit-to-before-and-after-an-2m63x0k0.png Fig. 2. Profiles of ne and Te as fit to before and after an ELM. https://scispace.com/papers/transport-theory-of-interacting-quantum-dots-28danbnbdl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-particle-excitation-energies-of-the-coulomb-2pdu9e8c.png Figure 2. One-particle excitation energies of the Coulomb blockade model. For simplicity it is assumed that the level spacing is a constant. If an excitation N falls into the window of the electrochemical potentials of the reservoirs, transport can occur. The position of N depends linearly on the gate voltage Vg. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-kernel-s1s0-1-s2s-0-2-t1-t2-which-contains-all-w3t39xdh.png Figure 4. The kernel s1s0 1 ;s2s 0 2 (t1; t2) which contains all irreducible diagrams in the sense that an arbitrary vertical line will always cut through some reservoir or boson line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-dyson-like-equation-for-the-probability-1kn6tdng.png Figure 5. The Dyson-like equation for the probability distribution. includes all irreducible diagrams in the sense that any vertical line will at least cut one reservoir or boson line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-the-di-erential-conductance-vs-bias-voltage-for-l-3o741b86.png Figure 8. (a) The di erential conductance vs. bias voltage for L = R = =2, T = 0:01 , = 0, = 4 and EC = 100 . The curve shows a maximum at zero bias. Inset: increasing voltage leads to an overall decrease of the transmission probability in the range jEj < eV . (b) The di erential conductance vs. bias voltage for L = R = =2, T = 0:05 , VD = 0, = 0 and EC = 100 . The curve shows a minimum at zero bias. Inset: increasing voltage leads to an overall increase of the transmission probability in the range jEj < eV . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagrams-contributing-to-a-sequential-and-b-5qe4rgb6.png Figure 6. Diagrams contributing to (a) sequential and (b) resonant tunneling. At each reservoir line we have indicated which state k of the reservoir is involved at the tunneling vertices. This creates holes (open circles) or particles ( lled circles) on the propagators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-set-transistor-all-three-terminals-are-coupled-30t3hfzf.png Figure 1. The SET transistor. All three terminals are coupled capacitively to the island. Two tunnel junctions allow transport from the left reservoir to the right one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-for-a-diagram-contributing-to-the-matrix-tzam0xb7.png Figure 3. An example for a diagram contributing to the matrix element Pss0(t) of the reduced density matrix of the dot. Reservoir (boson) lines are indicated by dashed (wiggly) lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-diagrams-for-the-golden-rule-rate-to-tunnel-136i7rvo.png Figure 7. The diagrams for the golden rule rate to tunnel from reservoir r to the dot. The rate to tunnel from the dot to reservoir r is obtained from the same diagrams by inverting the direction of the reservoir lines. https://scispace.com/papers/transposition-and-time-scale-invariant-geometric-music-4i5ev530zw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-main-data-structure-each-k-i-2b2reb01.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the main data structure. Each K[i] stores intra-database vectors tk′ − tk, 0 ≤ k < k′ ≤ m− 1 that matches with an intra-patter vector pi′ − pi (where, in the case of S1: 0 ≤ i < m−1 and i′ = i+1, and in the case of S2 0 ≤ i < i′ ≤ m−1) with any positive time-scaling σ ∈ R+. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-online-algorithm-for-finding-transposition-invariant-302sou5q.png Fig. 5. Online algorithm for finding transposition-invariant time-scaled partial occurrences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-excerpt-of-a-well-known-melody-in-common-music-3g3p007z.png Fig. 1. An excerpt of a well-known melody in common music notation. Let us have a closer look at the last bar with a change in key and time signature: The first note is associated with pitch value ”Es” (or E flat). It is followed by a c-clef, which looks like a letter ”k” to this author. Note also the resemblance of the last note to the letter ”o”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-polyphonic-music-score-to-the-left-is-represented-by-20putnxy.png Fig. 2. A polyphonic music score, to the left, is represented by a pointset T , in the middle, in the geometric representation. Pointset P , to the right, corresponds to the first two and a half bars of the melody line (the highest staff of the score) but the fifth point has been delayed somewhat. The depicted trans-set vectors correspond to the translation f that gives the largest partial match of P within T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-online-algorithm-for-finding-transposition-invariant-28mbooq2.png Fig. 4. Online algorithm for finding transposition-invariant time-scaled exact occurrences https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-coupling-impedance-of-the-vepp-4m-collider-24cln86aqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-orbit-deviation-measurements-and-simulations-1706p2vd.png Fig. 5. Orbit deviation: measurements and simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-orbit-deviation-measurement-and-simulation-2384lp74.png Figure 6. Orbit deviation: measurement and simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vertical-orbit-bump-348yfglo.png Fig. 1. Vertical orbit bump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetic-field-distribution-calculated-using-the-code-dqftynuv.png Fig. 4. Magnetic field distribution calculated using the code GdfidL. Probe is shifted at -6 mm from axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-nk1t-probe-and-the-vepp-4m-beam-pipe-cross-section-25xrvu7q.png Fig. 3. The NK1T probe and the VEPP-4M beam pipe cross section (AA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-orbit-deviation-measurement-and-simulation-2clokwlr.png Fig. 2. Orbit deviation: measurement and simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/trapped-without-a-diagnosis-tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-4ggy9o9gmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mri-brain-sections-demonstrating-non-specific-white-304lgx7r.png Figure 1. MRI brain sections demonstrating non specific white matter lesions (white arrows). https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-single-file-diffusion-near-the-zigzag-transition-5e0qokucst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-plot-of-the-transverse-msd-mm2-for-the-1nd1aabf.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Plot of the transverse MSD (mm2) for the center particle, as a function of time (s), in logarithmic scale, for 33 particles and fixed boundary conditions. The range of the longitudinal confinement is λw = 4 mm, Ew = 0.1E0, T = 109 K, and γ = 10 s−1. In both plots the black solid line is the behavior in the thermodynamic limit, Eq. (12), with βzz replaced by its critical value βzz(N,λw) for the simulated finite box. (a) Simulations, for ϵ = 0.010 (green, light grey), ϵ = 0.019 (dashed red line), ϵ = 0.038 (dotted blue line), and ϵ = 0.058 (solid black line). (b) Analytical calculations, from Eq. (A2) with the same color code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-plot-of-the-frequency-spectrum-q-hz-as-fn4c1uys.png FIG. 7. (Color online) (a) Plot of the frequency spectrum (q (Hz) as a function of the dimensionless wave number q for periodic boundary conditions, for 30 particles, for a period of 60 mm and β = βzz. The modes for negative q are symmetric with respect to the q = 0 axis. (b) Plot of the frequencies (s (Hz) as a function of the mode index s for 33 particles, for a cell of length 60 mm, for λw = 4 mm and β = βzz(λw). Inset: Plot of βzz(N,λw) (N/mm) as a function of λw (mm), for Ew = 0.1E0 and N = 33. The abscissa λw = 0 corresponds to periodic boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-plot-of-the-transverse-msd-um2-as-a-1vvfmgdg.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Plot of the transverse MSD (µm2) as a function of time (s), in logarithmic scales, for 30 particles with periodic boundary conditions and T = 107 K. Left plots simulations, right plots calculations; see Eq. (9). Upper plots γ = 10 s−1, lower plots γ = 60 s−1. Blue dots (upper curve): ϵ = 0.001; green dots (middle curve): ϵ = 0.01; red dots (lower curve): ϵ = 0.1; thick solid lines for the calculations, with the same color code. In each plot, the thin solid black line shows the asymptotic behavior in the thermodynamic limit given by Eq. (12). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representations-of-equilibrium-positions-ryug9h6l.png FIG. 1. Schematic representations of equilibrium positions. Left side β > βzz, right sides β < βzz. (a), (b) Periodic boundary conditions. (c), (d) Finite cell, with walls in light grey. Note the nonuniform distribution along the x axis in (c), and the nonuniform y displacement in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-bifurcation-diagram-order-parameter-h-as-1y2iz4u1.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Bifurcation diagram (order parameter h as a function of the bifurcation parameter β) of the noisy zigzag bifurcation, after Ref. [43]. The solid red line is the diagram of a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation without noise, and βzz(0) is the deterministic threshold. The blue dashed line indicates the blurring of the bifurcation, because of the zone of local fluctuations that surround the equilibrium state. βzz(T ) is the thermal threshold, and βzz(T ) ! β ! βzz(0) defines the bifurcation region in the bifurcation parameter space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-plot-of-the-transverse-msd-um2-as-a-2834rj1y.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Plot of the transverse MSD (µm2) as a function of time (s), in logarithmic scales, for 30 particles with periodic boundary conditions, γ = 10 s−1 and T = 107 K. We compare simulations data above [red (dark grey) dots, ϵ > 0] and below [green (light grey) dots, ϵ < 0] the zigzag transition. (a) |ϵ| = 1.7 × 10−4; (b) |ϵ| = 9.5 × 10−4. In each plot, the thin solid black line shows the asymptotic behavior in the thermodynamic limit, Eq. (12). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-plot-of-the-dimensionless-transverse-msd-15subv4b.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Plot of the dimensionless transverse MSD, Mγ 2⟨!y2⟩/(kBT ), as a function of time (s), in logarithmic scales, for 30 particles and periodic boundary conditions. In the simulations γ = 10 s−1, ϵ = 0.0010 and from top to bottom plots T = 107 K (magenta), T = 108 K (cyan), T = 109 K (green), T = 1010 K (orange). Without the thermal noise effect on the bifurcation, all data should be on the same curve. The solid black lines correspond to the calculation in Eq. (9), with ϵfit equal to, from top to bottom plot, 0.0010 (magenta), 0.0018 (cyan), 0.0035 (green), and 0.0105 (orange). In the inset, we plot 103|ϵ(T )| as a function of 108T , in logarithmic scale. The solid line is of slope 1/2. https://scispace.com/papers/traveling-foreshocks-and-transient-foreshock-phenomena-2w7nu1mzs9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-and-b-sketch-of-interplanetary-magnetic-field-and-ngsrdpnw.png Figure 4. (a and b) Sketch of interplanetary magnetic field and foreshock configurations just before the interaction of two IMF rotations with the Earth’s bow shock. Fairfield (1971) models for bow shock and magnetopause have been used here. The black arrows represent the local directions of the bow shock normal. The crosses represent spacecraft in a configuration similar to that in Figure 2. (c) A large wiggled magnetic flux tube passing by the bow shock would cause the observer to detect slowly rotating IMF and the nonconvecting (back and forth) motion of the foreshock as the 𝜃BN at every point on the bow shock surface changes with time. It should be stressed out that what is shown is just one scenario since in reality the properties of the flux tube, such as its extension, width, and spatial location, can be very different from the ones shown here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-foreshock-cavity-a-themis-a-data-between-20-31-ut-1mpxt6tw.png Figure 10. Foreshock cavity. (a) THEMIS A data between 20:31 UT and 20:38 UT on 14 August 2007. The figure is in the same format as Figure 9a). The vertical red lines mark the IMF RDs, and the intervals shadowed in green mark the FCBs. (b) Magnetic field magnitude profiles of the five THEMIS spacecraft during the 14 august 2007 intermediate event. Red line represents the THEMIS A data, purple line the THEMIS B data, while the data of the other three spacecraft are represented by the black traces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-solar-foreshock-coordinates-and-different-2kxfy6ta.png Figure 15. Solar foreshock coordinates and different boundaries and regions upstream of the bow shock. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-themis-a-data-between-20-55-ut-and-21-16-ut-on-14-986rlueq.png Figure 5. (a) THEMIS A data between 20:55 UT and 21:16 UT on 14 August 2007. The figure is in the same format as Figure 1. The two vertical red lines show two IMF RDs, and the intervals shadowed in green mark the FCBs at the edges of the traveling foreshock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-configuration-of-the-five-themis-spacecraft-1jmph4nv.png Figure 6. Spatial configuration of the five THEMIS spacecraft during the 14 August 2007 observations of the traveling foreshock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-foreshock-cavity-a-cluster-1-data-showing-between-jk8bdogo.png Figure 9. Foreshock cavity. (a) Cluster 1 data showing between 14:10 UT and 14:20 UT on 28 December 2005. The figure is in the same format as Figure 1 except that the temperature is in units of megakelvins (MK) and we do not show any wavelet spectra. (b) Magnetic field magnitude profiles of the four Cluster spacecraft during the 28 December 2005 event. The C1, C2, C3, and C4 data are represented by the black, blue, green, and red traces, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-solar-foreshock-coordinates-of-the-observed-1s7j7ezn.png Figure 14. (a) Solar foreshock coordinates of the observed events. Black asterisks represent locations of foreshock cavitons, blue triangles those of the SHFAs, red diamonds of the foreshock cavities, and purple stars of the FCBs. The horizontal green line represents a nominal tangent line. The dashed blue line is a fit to the ULF wave boundary by Greenstadt and Baum (1986), while the yellow dashed line represents a fit to ion intermediate boundary from Meziane and d’Uston (1998). The black continuous line is a fit to caviton locations from Kajdič et al. (2013). (b) Distributions of the angles 𝜃BN of the portions of the bow shock which different phenomena were magnetically connected to. (c) Distance (along the XGSE axis) of the events to the model bow shock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-some-statistical-distributions-of-observational-3eqtksm1.png Figure 12. Some statistical distributions of observational properties of (first row) SHFAs, (second row) foreshock cavitons, (third row) foreshock cavities, and (fourth row) FCBs. The following quantities are shown: relative changes of (from left to right) magnetic field magnitude, density, and plasma velocity and durations. The Δ sign marks the difference between the ambient SW value and the minimum value inside the structures. In case of FCBs it represents the difference between the maximum value inside the FCB and the upstream SW value. https://scispace.com/papers/tree-grade-distribution-in-allegheny-hardwoods-5220qymve7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-grade-distribution-for-beech-birch-group-wl8ndxii.png Figure 3—Grade distribution for beech/birch group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grade-distribution-for-red-maple-sugar-maple-group-w2xojlcs.png Figure 2—Grade distribution for red maple/sugar maple group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-statistics-for-dependent-variable-of-3541v2p5.png Table 1.—Regression statistics for dependent variable of percent of trees grade 3 or better. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-statistics-for-dependent-variable-of-28quvkc6.png Table 2.—Regression statistics for dependent variable of percent of grade 3 or better trees in grade 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-statistics-for-the-dependent-variable-of-t3oacp0b.png Table 3.—Regression statistics for the dependent variable of percent of grade 3 or better trees in grade 3. https://scispace.com/papers/tree-species-exhibit-complex-patterns-of-distribution-in-ebuo5yj4qt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrams-illustrating-the-three-spatial-distribution-2o1a23x8.png Fig. 1 Diagrams illustrating the three spatial distribution patterns that we observed, as indicated by the L(t) function, an index of spatial pattern (thick line), against distance t . Shown are the patterns of the trees from all species that were present on these three particular plots. Complete spatial randomness (a) is present when L(t) is within the 95 % confidence envelope (thin lines). Aggregation at a certain distance is present when L(t) extends above the upper 95 % confidence envelope (b ). Overdispersion is observed when L(t) is below the lower envelope (c) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distance-intervals-in-meters-at-which-trees-of-all-2x83t50x.png Table 2 Distance intervals (in meters) at which trees of all species combined are completely spatially randomly (CSR) distributed, significantly aggregated (AG), or overdispersed (OD) based on the 95 % confidence envelope calculated for the L(t) function https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distance-intervals-in-meters-at-which-trees-of-2t60hf3y.png Table 3 Distance intervals (in meters) at which trees of selected species are completely spatially randomly (CSR) distributed, significantly aggregated (AG), or overdispersed (OD) based on a 95% confidence envelope https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-sample-plots-of-the-interspecific-2lei6h1a.png Fig. 3 Representative sample plots of the interspecific spatial distribution patterns of cherrybark oak and water oak (a), cherrybark oak and sweetgum (b), and water oak and sweetgum (c) according to the L12(t) function, which is an index of spatial independence (thick line) against distance t . Spatial aggregation is present when L12(t) is above the 95 % confidence envelope (thin lines). Spatial segregation between the two populations is observed when L12(t) is below the lower envelope. When L12(t) is within the envelope the two populations are considered to be distributed spatially independently of each other https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-sample-plots-of-the-spatial-2rvbyb7d.png Fig 2 Representative sample plots of the spatial distribution patterns of cherrybark oak (a), water oak (b), and sweetgum (c) according to the L(t) function, which is an index of spatial pattern (thick line) against distance t . Spatial aggregation is present when L(t) is above the 95% confidence envelope (thin lines). Overdispersion is observed when L(t) is below the lower envelope https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distance-intervals-in-meters-at-which-trees-from-two-1wv5qfle.png Table 4 Distance intervals (in meters) at which trees from two species are distributed independently (ID), or exhibit significant interspecific aggregated (AG), or interspecific segregated (SG) based on a 95% confidence envelope https://scispace.com/papers/treatment-of-threshold-effects-in-supersymmetric-spectrum-n5t2jlzrx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependence-of-the-masses-of-01-left-and-0-3-4-right-on-hpp3o5n1.png FIG. 1. Dependence of the masses of ~ 01 (left) and ~ 0 3;4 (right) on the renormalization scale Q. The dashed lines are the DR running masses, the full lines are the one-loop-corrected pole masses. Computed with SPheno 2.2.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-isajet-results-in-gev-for-the-neutralino-sector-at-1e80g3u0.png TABLE III. Isajet results (in GeV) for the neutralino sector at SPS1a. Case A is the original Isajet 7.72; Case B is Isajet 7.72 with the improvement that the one-loop self-energies are each computed at their relevant scale as explained in the text; and Case C employs step-beta functions for all SUSY parameters. In case D, the SUSY parameters are all frozen out atMSUSY 456 GeV, and the one-loop corrections are applied at this scale. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-and-variability-of-daily-temperature-extremes-during-2d2ztcunlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mann-kendall-trend-test-results-for-temperature-3ru78x8n.png Figure 2. Mann-Kendall trend test results for temperature indices during 1960–2012 in the Yangtze River Basin. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-the-well-being-of-the-aged-and-their-prospects-5evol2z96r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-income-ratio-of-old-to-young-by-position-in-aged-19ssminc.png Figure 3: Income Ratio of Old to Young by Position in Aged Family and Nonaged Family Income Distribution, 1979–2012. Source: Author’s calculations of household-size-adjusted income using March Current Population Survey files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-age-profile-of-annual-earned-income-of-163mqbfd.png Figure 6: Change in Age Profile of Annual Earned Income of Adults (Including Those with No Earnings), 1985 to 2010. Source: Author’s calculations of average annual earnings using March Current Population Survey files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trends-in-schooling-attainment-among-65-69-year-q2cnq5sa.png Figure 8: Trends in Schooling Attainment among 65–69 Year Olds and 35–39 Year-Olds, 1986–2011. Source: Author’s calculations using Current Population Survey files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percent-of-persons-with-income-below-official-1il4ffy1.png Figure 1: Percent of Persons with Income below Official Poverty Line, by Age, 1959–2013. Source: US Census Bureau. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-age-profile-of-annual-earned-income-of-us-adults-14jho43h.png Figure 5: Age Profile of Annual Earned Income of US Adults (Including Those with No Earnings), 1985 and 2010. Source: Author’s calculations of average annual earnings using March Current Population Survey files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-trends-in-schooling-attainment-among-65-69-year-31e2xtd3.png Figure 7: Trends in Schooling Attainment among 65–69 Year Olds and 35–39 Year Olds, 1986–2011. Source: Author’s calculations using Current Population Survey files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-trends-in-life-expectancy-of-americans-surviving-2w607z2s.png Figure 10: Trends in Life Expectancy of Americans Surviving to Age 65, 1950–2040. Sources: National Center for Health Statistics (2012, table 22); Board of Trustees of the Federal OASDI Trust Funds (2014, table V.A.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percent-change-in-gini-coefficient-between-1979-82-3my1rtk3.png Figure 4: Percent Change in Gini Coefficient between 1979–82 and 2009–12, by Age of Family Head. Source: Author’s calculations of household-size-adjusted income using March Current Author’s household size Population Survey files. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-of-covid-19-coronavirus-disease-in-gcc-countries-2px06x0i5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fitting-4-set-of-covid-19-data-simultaneously-with-2rc8mg01.png Figure 6: Fitting 4 set of COVID-19 data simultaneously with SEIR-PAD model for dynamics of COVID-19 in KSA (23 June 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fitting-4-set-of-covid-19-data-simultaneously-with-rjzze2uo.png Figure 2: Fitting 4 set of COVID-19 data simultaneously with SEIR-PAD model for dynamics of COVID-19 in Kuwait (23 June 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fitting-4-set-of-covid-19-data-simultaneously-with-2s5cme11.png Figure 5: Fitting 4 set of COVID-19 data simultaneously with SEIR-PAD model for dynamics of COVID-19 in Qatar (23 June 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-seir-pad-model-qtw32t6v.png Figure 1: Flow chart of SEIR-PAD model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fitting-4-set-of-covid-19-data-simultaneously-with-38hqpf7c.png Figure 3: Fitting 4 set of COVID-19 data simultaneously with SEIR-PAD model for dynamics of COVID-19 in Bahrain (23 June 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fitting-4-set-of-covid-19-data-simultaneously-with-2isqrbk6.png Figure 7: Fitting 4 set of COVID-19 data simultaneously with SEIR-PAD model for dynamics of COVID-19 in UAE (23 June 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fitting-4-set-of-covid-19-data-simultaneously-with-232gjnr6.png Figure 4: Fitting 4 set of COVID-19 data simultaneously with SEIR-PAD model for dynamics of COVID-19 in Oman (23 June 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-seir-pad-model-for-gcc-countries-25xwe22x.png Table 1: Results of SEIR-PAD model for GCC countries https://scispace.com/papers/trihalide-ionic-liquids-as-non-volatile-oxidizing-solvents-1n5u1pllx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-halide-ionic-liquids-used-in-this-30qpwz4j.png Figure 1: Overview of the halide ionic liquids used in this study: a) tributyldecylphosphonium chloride, b) tributyldecylphosphonium bromide, c) tributyldecylphosphonium iodide, d) tributyldecylammonium bromide, e) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride and f) 1,10-decanediylbis(tributylphosphonium) dibromide. https://scispace.com/papers/trioctahedral-entities-in-palygorskite-near-infrared-1pacb5uyar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nir-monitoring-of-the-zeolitic-dehydration-of-2gjl0idj.png Fig. 5. NIR monitoring of the zeolitic dehydration of palygorskites SEG, YUC, ESQ and GR2 and sepiolite SepSp-1, over the 2nd derivative OH overtone (left), H2O combination ( 2, middle) and OH combination (right) wavenumber ranges. Traces in black mark the zeolitically dry end-point of each sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-structure-of-the-2-1-ribbons-of-palygorskite-pdzgoe5l.png Fig. 1. Upper: Structure of the 2:1 ribbons of palygorskite (left) and sepiolite (right). Lower: Structure of the corresponding octahedral sheets. Dioctahedral palygorskite has a vacant M1 site. Light spheres mark coordinated OH2 terminating the octahedral sheet. Dark spheres are structural OH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polysomatic-representation-of-a-palygorskite-with-35-3jj88jg7.png Fig. 2. Polysomatic representation of a palygorskite with 35 % trioctahedral character made of randomly interlinked dioctahedral (grey) and trioctahedral (dark grey) palygorskite ribbons according to Gionis et al. (2007). SiOH groups terminating the dioctahedral or trioctahedral ribbons are depicted by open and filled circles, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-the-nthd-sioh-wavenumber-of-dry-2enejmh8.png Fig. 6. Dependence of the (nþd) SiOH wavenumber of dry palygorskite (upper), and the (nþd) H2O wavenumber of ambient palygorskite (lower) on d200. Solid lines are least square fits. Dashed lines mark the corresponding values for SepSp-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-compositional-parameters-determined-by-nir-2jbtqeow.png Table 1. Selected compositional parameters determined by NIR according to Chryssikos et al. (2009) and defined in Equation (1), interplanar distances and NIR peak positions of palygorskite samples in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-polysomatic-model-for-mg-rich-palygorskite-with-35-3mdsi8j1.png Fig. 7. Polysomatic model for Mg-rich palygorskite with 35 % trioctahedral character consisting of sepiolite ribbons (dark grey) intergrown amidst dioctahedral palygorskitic ribbons (grey). Ordering along b (upper) or dislocations (lower) are imposed by the geometric constrains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-octahedral-composition-of-the-22-palygorskite-samples-1xj8gzjv.png Fig. 3. Octahedral composition of the 22 palygorskite samples in this work, as described by the formula yMg5Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4 (1–y)[xMg2Fe2 (1–x)Mg2Al2]Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4 and derived from the analysis of the NIR spectra. For details and comparison with single-particle AEM data see Chryssikos et al. (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-palygorskite-d200-predicted-by-equation-2-line-is-3glesokc.png Fig. 4. Palygorskite d200 predicted by Equation (2). Line is least squares fit. https://scispace.com/papers/tritrophic-phenological-match-mismatch-in-space-and-time-4fkoeevmlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-a-and-major-axis-slopes-b-of-the-qyseo3nx.png Table 1 | Correlation (a) and major axis slopes (b) of the phenology of higher 545 trophic level on lower trophic level in time (bold, upper right) and de-trended 546 space ( lower left). 95% credible intervals in parentheses. 547 548 (a) 549 https://scispace.com/papers/tropical-forest-protection-uncertainty-and-the-environmental-2qsh8qtygz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-integrated-model-1ylaygrw.png Figure 1: The integrated model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-errors-on-environmental-losses-by-life-20sm5oio.png Table 5: Effects of errors on environmental losses by life zone (1997–2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-supply-curve-for-additional-carbon-for-period-ju3pjbxs.png Figure 3: The supply curve for additional carbon for period 1986–1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-environmental-losses-carbon-credits-created-and-4jpr3ob3.png Table 3: Environmental losses, carbon credits created, and total additional carbon as % of baseline carbon loss https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-carbon-density-in-aboveground-biomass-tc-ha-1-by-1jdr7uav.png Table 1: Carbon density in aboveground biomass (tC ha-1) by life zone as estimated by the GEMS model and field measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-deforestation-rate-and-development-curve-30v4pnm4.png Figure A.1: Deforestation rate and development curve https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observable-variables-and-regression-results-j7d67668.png Table 2: Observable variables and regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-el-decomposition-using-equation-10-2skoatb4.png Table 4: EL decomposition (using Equation 10) https://scispace.com/papers/trust-based-decision-making-approach-for-protein-ontology-2nak26da71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protein-ontology-concepts-zjltk9bi.png Figure 1: Protein Ontology Concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trustworthy-protein-ontology-1tks35up.png Figure 2: Trustworthy Protein Ontology https://scispace.com/papers/tualang-honey-supplement-improves-memory-performance-and-5f9svw862p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-arrangement-of-hippocampal-ca2-pyramidal-neurons-etcrti3s.png Fig. 4. The arrangement of hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons between the groups. (A) Sham-operated control, (B) stressed sham-operated control; (C) OVX; (D) stressed OVX, (E) stressed OVX treated with E2 and (F) stressed OVX treated with Tualang honey. The arrow indicates dead or damage cells (Nissl staining × 200; scale bar = 100 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-number-of-nissl-positive-cells-in-a-ca1-b-ca2-c-3f5mq0rr.png Fig. 3. Mean number of Nissl-positive cells in (A) CA1, (B) CA2, (C) CA3 and (D) DG hippocampal regions (mean ± SEM per 0.01 mm2). *P < 0.05 compared with the stressed OVX group; #P < 0.05 compared with the sham group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-discrimination-index-during-stm-test-n-10-2e2i5m99.png Fig. 1. Discrimination index during STM test (n = 10). Discrimination indices are expressed as mean ratio [time spent with new object novel − time spent with object familiar]/[total time exploring both objects] ± SEM. *P < 0.05 compared with the stressed OVX group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-discrimination-index-during-ltm-test-n-10-3r6y1fly.png Fig. 2. Discrimination index during LTM test (n = 10). Discrimination indices are expressed as mean ratio [time spent with new object novel − time spent with object familiar]/[total time exploring both objects] ± SEM. *P < 0.05 compared with the stressed OVX group; #P < 0.05 compared with the sham group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-arrangement-of-hippocampal-ca3-pyramidal-neurons-31w26cfe.png Fig. 5. The arrangement of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons between the groups. (A) Sham-operated control, (B) stressed sham-operated control; (C) OVX; (D) stressed OVX, (E) stressed OVX treated with E2 and (F) stressed OVX treated with Tualang honey. The arrow indicates dead or damage cells (Nissl staining × 100; scale bar = 200 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-serum-corticosterone-level-n-8-p-0-05-compared-tqqz4rt1.png Fig. 6. Mean serum corticosterone level (n = 8). *P < 0.05 compared with the stressed OVX group; #P < 0.05 compared with the sham group. https://scispace.com/papers/tuned-to-learn-an-anticipatory-hippocampal-convergence-state-20yomu0e8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-anticipatory-vta-activation-selectively-modulates-xu6lufd0.png Figure 5. Anticipatory VTA activation selectively modulates hippocampal state convergence. (A) Greater activation in the VTA is associated with greater convergence in the hippocampus during the anticipation of trivia answers. The bar graph represents the parameter estimate for the association of VTA activation and hippocampal distance. For visualisation, the predicted distance from centroid for the hippocampus is plotted against univariate VTA BOLD activation. Light gray lines depict the slope for each participant, while the solid black line depicts the mean slope across all participants. Convergence is defined as a shorter distance from centroid. (B) Whole-brain analysis (controlling for univariate VTA activation) showed that anticipatory univariate activations in clusters that included the visual cortex and posterior hippocampus are also positively associated with convergence in the HPC. Error bars represent the SEM. *** p< .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-task-schematics-memory-performance-a-prior-to-fmri-3bksvsgh.png Figure 1. Task schematics & Memory performance. (A) Prior to fMRI scanning, participants were shown a series of trivia questions. For each, they were told to indicate the likelihood that they knew the answer, and how curious they were about it. Questions were excluded if participants indicated a high likelihood of knowing the answer. The included questions were separated into tertile with the 1st and 3rd tertile categorized as Low and High Curiosity questions respectively (72 questions each). During fMRI scanning, participants were shown each trivia question along with a colored rectangle that indicated the duration and action contingency of the trial. On action-contingent trials, an arrow was presented after a 9s or 13s delay. Participants indicated the direction of the arrow with a button press. This was followed by the presentation of the trivia answer. On non-action contingent trials, the trivia answer was presented immediately after the delay interval. Following the scan, participants were shown each trivia question and were required to recall its associated answer. Analyses of answer anticipation were based on activity evoked by the Question (the Question Interval). Analyses of encoding were based on activity evoked by the Answer (Answer Interval, including the response on action-contingent trials). (B) Box plots for memory recall performance across each condition. The upper and lower hinges of each box correspond to the first and third quartiles, while the whiskers correspond to the largest and smallest values within 1.5 times of the interquartile range. Each dot corresponds to the recall performance of each participant. *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vta-univariate-activation-during-anticipation-of-2jayvwit.png Figure 3. VTA univariate activation during anticipation of trivia answers uniquely explains subsequent recall. Anticipatory BOLD activation (i.e., during the Question interval preceding each trivia answer) in the VTA and medial temporal lobe ROIs was used to predict memory outcome for each trial in a mixed-effects logistic regression model. This method allows the identification of variance that is uniquely accounted for by each of the ROIs. Bar graphs in each panel represent the parameter estimate for each ROI in the full model. Among the ROIs, VTA activation was the only statistically significant predictor of subsequent recall of answers. For visualisation, the estimated predicted probability of recall relative to the individual’s mean probability (delta from within-subject mean, y-axis) is plotted against the univariate signal in each ROI (arbitrary units, a.u.; x-axis). Light gray lines depict the slope for each participant, while the solid black line depicts the mean slope across all participants. Error bars represent the SEM. * p < .05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-depiction-of-hippocampal-convergence-with-wq3v0a1a.png Figure 6. Schematic depiction of Hippocampal convergence with neuromodulation from the VTA. During the anticipation of high curiosity answers, neuromodulation by the VTA promotes the consistent engagement of neural states/processes in the hippocampus that supports the formation of new memories. This can manifest as greater convergence in distributed patterns of activity. In the absence of neuromodulatory inputs from the VTA (during low curiosity), patterns of activity in the hippocampus can show greater variability. This increased convergence in hippocampal state with VTA neuromodulation may be supported by the stabilization of specific attractors and the suppression of noise-driven transitions between different possible attractor states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-curiosity-increased-univariate-activation-in-vta-334ffyan.png Figure 2. Curiosity increased univariate activation in VTA and Perirhinal cortex during anticipation of trivia answers. Anticipatory BOLD activation (i.e., during the Question interval preceding each trivia answer) was greater after High- versus Low-Curiosity trivia questions in the midbrain VTA and perirhinal cortex (PRC). Hippocampus (HPC) and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) activation did not differentiate curiosity states. Medial temporal lobe regions of interest (ROIs), included anticipatory BOLD activation (arbitrary units, a.u.) for the VTA. Red overlays on the brain images demarcate the ROIs. The large dots in each panel represent the group mean; small dots represent mean activation for each participant. Error bars represent the SEM. * p < .05. https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-coupling-of-qubits-nonadiabatic-corrections-4ea5jd9m2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coupling-constants-lc-ng-and-li-ng-in-units-of-c1c2ec-2fxnyohh.png Fig. 2 – Coupling constants λc(ng) and λi(ng) in units of c1c2EC obtained from eq. (14). a) EC = 2EJ, EJ1 = EJ2 = 0.2EJ. b) A closer look at the vicinity of the “zero” point. c) EC = 0.5EJ, EJ1 = EJ2 = 0.2EJ. For other values of EJ1 and EJ2 the inductive coupling constant can be obtained by simple scaling (see eq. (14)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tunable-capacitive-coupler-proposed-in-ref-11-we-tfswdszq.png Fig. 1 – Tunable capacitive coupler proposed in ref. [11]. We slightly modified the system by introducing the gate capacitor at the coupler. This influences the expressions for the gate charges but does not change the form of the Hamiltonian. The effective qubit Josephson energies can be tuned using control fluxes in the SQUID loops. To simplify expressions, we assume the SQUIDs to be symmetric. Then EJk = 2E 0 Jk cos(πΦxk/Φ0) and CJk = 2C 0 Jk, where E 0 Jk is the Josephson energy of one of the SQUID’s junctions and C0Jk is its capacitance. The charging energies are given by EC = 2e 2/(CΣ − ∑ k C2mk/CΣk) and ECk = 2e 2/CΣk, where CΣ = CJ + Cg + Cm1 + Cm2 and CΣk = CJk + Cgk +Cmk. https://scispace.com/papers/tuffaceous-mud-is-a-volumetrically-important-volcaniclastic-jxu1v12gt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-major-element-composition-of-acid-leached-bulk-3vsxadep.png Figure 4. Major element composition of acid-leached bulk tuffaceous mud(stone)s on an anhydrous basis, from Table 1. Percentages on dashed lines give the amount of the local volcanic components. (a) wt % TiO2 versus total Fe as FeO. The loess, average volcanic front mafic ash, and Meireki lava compositions are from Table 2 and on the same basis. See supporting information section S2 for their rationale. The large black arrow points in the direction of increasing igneous differentiation from mafic in the top right to felsic in the bottom left. The red and blue circles are <1 Ma muds from interglacial and glacial stages, respectively. The small black and purple squares represent the average anhydrous composition of vitriclasts in discrete <1 Ma ash intervals that originated at the volcanic front and rear arc, respectively, discriminated based on their trace element ratios (Schindlbeck et al., 2018; see supporting information section S2.1 for the ratios). The glacial muds cluster near loess, interglacial muds are more felsic, and the Unit V mudstones are more mafic. All tuffaceous mud(stone) compositions are similar to those of the vitriclasts and are consistent with mixing between loess and mafic to felsic vitriclasts. (b) TiO2 versus Na2O. The topology is similar to (a), suggesting mafic vitriclast components in some samples and felsic in others. However, loess has lower Na2O than any of the vitriclasts. Four tuffaceous mud(stone)s from throughout the core (B45X1, B12F3, D68R2, and E16R5, with increasing TiO2) overlap the vitriclasts so can be inferred to contain little of the loess-like component; glacial stage muds have the most. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nd-versus-hf-isotopes-a-comparison-data-sources-and-3k80r5qs.png Figure 8. Nd versus Hf isotopes. (a) Comparison data sources and symbols: Izu arc as in Figure 7; Bulk leached loess (China Loess Plateau) are the same samples as in Figure 7a; China (Loess Plateau) and Mongolia fine loess (<2 mm) are from Zhao et al. (2014); and ODP Site 1149 are average bulk sediments from Lithologic Unit I (Chauvel et al., 2009). Lines 1, 2, and 3 are the sea water, zircon-free, and terrestrial arrays from Zhao et al. (2014) and Vervoort et al. (1999). The mixing lines and percent local component are as in Figure 7, and use the mixing components in Table 2 except for the Hf content of loess that was reduced by half (see text). Glacial stage mud at Site U1437 has a similar foreign component, and more of it, than ‘‘mud with ash’’ sediments at Site 1149 on the Pacific Plate at the same latitude and only 400 km to the east. Tuffaceous mud(stone) samples with lower 176Hf/177Hf at a given 143Nd/144Nd also have higher Nb/Yb and seem to be mixing toward the Meireki rear arc rhyolite, whereas others with lower Nb/Yb seem to be mixing toward the higher 176Hf/177Hf values of the volcanic front or Unit VII (cf. Figure 10). (b) Enlargement of upper portion of (a) to show details of the Izu arc data with which three of the most arc-like samples overlap. Most Unit III to V samples define a nearly horizontal trend with rear arc 176Hf/177Hf ratios. The displacement to lower 143Nd/144Nd correlates with increasing LREE and may reflect addition of REE Hf during zeolite facies metamorphism6mixing with a Unit VII-like component that has high 176Hf/177Hf. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-map-created-using-the-generic-mapping-tool-27wmyylj.png Figure 1. Regional map created using the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT). The black line shows the Izu volcanic front (VF). The purple line shows the western boundary of the Back Arc Knolls (BAK) region. Drilling sites U1437, U1436, 1149, and C0011 are shown by the star, triangle, square, and circle, respectively. The red arrow shows the typical modern location of the Kuroshio Current (KC) small meanders (SM) and large meanders (LM) after Nagano et al. (2013). ECS is the East China Sea. The dashed lines in the inset show two of the Rear Arc Seamount Chains (RASC). The locations of the Kanbun (K), Manji (Ma), Meireki (Me), Enpo (E), and Myojin Knoll (My) seamounts are shown by pentagons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sr-versus-nd-isotopes-symbols-and-mixing-lines-as-135rk9mz.png Figure 7. Sr versus Nd isotopes. Symbols and mixing lines as in Figures 4–6 using isotope ratios and element concentrations from Table 2. Comparison data sources: Izu arc Volcanic Front (VF), Active Rifts (AR), Backarc Knolls (BAK), and Rear Arc Seamount Chains (RASC): (Freymuth et al., 2016; Hochstaedter et al., 2001; Ishizuka et al., 2003; Taylor & Nesbitt, 1998); ODP Sites 1149 and 52, and IODP Site C0011 are bulk sediments (Plank et al., 2007; Saitoh et al., 2015; Scudder et al., 2014). Bulk leached loess data are from Chen and Li (2013). The average loess has ENd210. (b) is an expanded view of the possible local components. Even 5% foreign component moves a mixture outside this field of view. The four most arc-like sediments are offset to higher 87Sr than most arc lavas which we attribute to sea water alteration, as is also true of the most extreme volcanic front lavas. The 143Nd/144Nd of these four tuffaceous mud(stone)s is more like the rear arc than volcanic front, but that could reflect a small foreign component. All data are normalized to 87Sr/86Sr5 0.710251 for NIST 987 and 143Nd/144Nd50.512115 for JNdi. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lithostratigraphy-tamura-et-al-2015-and-location-36dlcx45.png Figure 2. Lithostratigraphy (Tamura et al., 2015) and location (yellow star) of IODP Site U1437. (a) The depth and identification of our tuffaceous mud(stone) samples is shown by arrows. (b) The bathymetry is from the 1997 YK97-10 cruise (Ishizuka et al., 2002a, 2002b) re-processed by M. Yamashita and showing his site survey seismic lines. Note the break in slope southeast of Manji Seamount near CMP 7500 on the central NW-trending line that is Line IBM3-NW5. Note the location of Meireki and Kanbun Seamounts discussed in text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-locally-calibrated-ngr-derived-th-concentrations-25pbpu1s.png Figure 11. Locally calibrated NGR-derived Th concentrations (small colored squares) versus depth (mbsf) for Site U1437. Data are from 11,175 NGR measurements at 10 cm intervals of the entire core. Data for Lithologic Units VI and VII are included for completeness. Our ICPMS Th data are shown for the proper depth on an anhydrous basis. The method for converting NGR measurements to make this comparison possible is described in section 4.4 and supporting information section S3. Color coding for discrete samples of tuffaceous mud(stone)s (large circles) is the same as in earlier figures. The NGR-based data were screened to omit unrealistic results (U or Th< 50 ppb, and 0.2> Th/U> 7) that are <8% of the total, mostly in Unit VII, and attributed to alteration or concentrations approaching detection limits. These results can be compared to those from logging of Hole B (Tamura et al., 2015, Fig. F166, 120 to 960 mbsf). They have similar form but Th concentrations from logging are higher despite being for wet sediment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-incompatible-elements-th-versus-a-la-and-b-nb-most-u10r2pvb.png Figure 6. Incompatible elements Th versus (a) La and (b) Nb. Most symbols and data sources are as in Figures 4 and 5a. The additional colored hexagons show the average Unit VII (purple), VF rhyolite (dark blue, hidden behind purple in A), and reararc rhyolite (light blue) compositions from Table 2. The five arc mixing components form the base of a mixing triangle and overlap the <1 Ma Izu arc ashes (Schindlbeck et al., 2018: purple field). The other apex is loess. Mixing lines are shown between loess and volcanic front mafic ash (red line), and between loess and rear arc Meireki rhyolite (green line) to give the percent of local components in mixtures. In Figure 6a, all but one tuffaceous mud(stone) lies within that triangle. That is, mixing is between a highly enriched component with a composition like the Upper Continental Crust (e.g., loess), and local components that range in composition between the volcanic front and rear arc. The orange field in (a) shows mixing between loess and VF (black squares) or Unit VII materials (purple hexagon). The open portion of the triangle shows mixing between loess and RA-sourced materials. To a first order, the Th content alone (i.e., the red mixing line) captures the mixing proportions although that under-estimates the percent of local component because of the higher concentrations in rear arc material. The difference between frontal and rear arc is more evident in (b) because Nb differs across the arc more than do the LREE because of its greater incompatibility during mantle melting (Hochstaedter et al., 2001). The two rear arc rhyolite components shown cover the range of dredged Neogene rear arc lavas (Haraguchi et al., 2017; Hochstaedter et al., 2000; Ishizuka et al., 2003). Only glacial stage <1 Ma muds contain >50% non-local (foreign) material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-particle-size-analysis-psa-results-a-2vmxsbdl.png Figure 3. Representative particle size analysis (PSA) results. (a) Glacial stage tuffaceous mud B5H2 with separate second and third modes at 7 and 34 mm, and an amplitude ratio between them of 1.53 (i.e., mode 2 is 53% greater than mode 3). The first mode at a nominal 1 mm is indistinct. Note the maximum grain size is <200 mm and would not have been visible on the ship. (b) Interglacial stage tuffaceous mud B12F3 is almost Gaussian with an amplitude ratio of 0.7 assuming a nominal second mode of 10 mm. It has less <2 mmmaterial and a maximum grain size <200 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-the-wavelength-of-lasing-emission-in-organic-25a6n1vjck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-crossed-polarizers-micrographs-of-the-wurrkcgg.png FIG. 1. Color online a Crossed-polarizers micrographs of the aligned F8 film with the polyimide alignment film upper left =0°, upper right =45°, lower left =−45°, and lower right =135° . b Polarized UV-vis absorption spectra of the aligned F8 layer at 0° red line and 90° black line polarized incident angles at the chain orientation. The inset shows polar plot of angular dependence of polarized UV-vis absorption spectra of the aligned F8 layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-schematic-illustration-of-tunable-dfb-f8-laser-30db8sxj.png FIG. 4. a Schematic illustration of tunable DFB F8 laser sample cell. The arrow corresponds to the director of F8 molecules, and the angle is between the grating line and the orientation of F8. b Lasing spectra measured for the anisotropic F8 laser sample cell with different angles between the grating line and the orientation of F8. c Lasing wavelengths and effective refractive index of the anisotropic F8 laser sample cell black open circles as a function of angles between the grating line and the orientation of F8. d Threshold energy as a function of laser wavelength for the anisotropic F8 laser sample cell with different angles between the grating line and the orientation of F8. The ASE black solid line is shown for gain region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-exciton-densities-and-threshold-values-for-lasing-in-1qq7idpy.png TABLE I. Exciton densities and threshold values for lasing in different excitation conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-schematic-illustration-of-four-different-excitation-1w220alu.png FIG. 3. a Schematic illustration of four different excitation configurations. The black lines correspond to grating lines, and the rod shapes correspond to F8 molecules. b TE-polarized emission spectra from the anisotropic F8 laser cell the polarization beam is parallel to the F8 chain alignment with 62 nm thickness for pump energies above and below the threshold of 20 J /cm2 pulse. c Threshold behavior in the anisotropic F8 laser cell. The polarization beam parallel perpendicular to the F8 chain alignment corresponds to case 1 case 2 . d Threshold behavior in the isotropic F8 laser cell. The polarization beam parallel perpendicular to the F8 chain alignment corresponds to case 3 case 4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-illustration-of-polymer-dfb-2ru1xr7d.png FIG. 2. Color online a Schematic illustration of polymer DFB laser with corrugation of 278 nm period and a depth of 40 nm. Lasing spectra measured b for the anisotropic F8 laser sample cell and c for the isotropic F8 laser sample cell with various film thicknesses of F8 layer. d The few photoluminescence spectra of TE-polarized waveguide. The graph shows the effective index vs the wavelength for TE0 and TE1 waveguide modes in the 193-nm-thick aligned F8 film. e TE1-polarized lasing spectra from the anisotropic F8 laser cell the polarization beam is parallel to the F8 chain alignment with 240 nm thickness. f The lasing wavelengths and effective refractive index of the anisotropic F8 laser sample cell black-filled triangles and the isotropic F8 laser sample cell red open circles as a function of F8 film thickness. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-topological-superconductivity-in-helical-shiba-chains-4xb8bry0k8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-ldos-at-the-end-of-the-chain-of-100-2766vvj2.png FIG. 4. (Color online) (a) LDOS at the end of the chain of 100 atoms. The system is gapless in the absence of supercurrent and enters the topologically nontrivial gapped phase signaled by a ZBP and the opening of a minigap (white arrow). The parameters are θ = 2π/5, kha = π/10, kF a = 4.8π , ε0 = 0.05| |, ξ = 50a. (b) Same as (a) but for a system that is in the trivial gapped phase in the absence of supercurrent. The parameters are θ = π/5, kha = π/2, kF a = 4π , ε0 = 0.015| |, ξ = 50a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-same-quantities-as-in-fig-2-but-for-a-1axymdgz.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Same quantities as in Fig. 2 but for a planar helix θ = π2 , kha = π/10, εϕ = | |/3, ξ = 50a. Supercurrent cannot deform the phase boundaries between the gapped phases; it can only add gapless regions on top of the εϕ = 0 phase diagram (in the inset). (b) Phase diagram for a finite-size chain of 50 atoms with the same parameters as in (a). Colors indicate the ratio of the lowest-lying and the first excited energy level |E0/E1|. Small values (dark blue) indicate the topological phase with Majorana end states and large values (white) signals the trivial gapped state. In a finite-size system oscillations (blue stripes) indicate the gapless phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-same-quantities-as-in-fig-1-b-but-for-3dsuznqw.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Same quantities as in Fig. 1(b) but for θ = π/5, kha = π/3, εϕ = | |/3, ξ = 50a. The inset shows the phase diagram for vanishing supercurrent εϕ = 0. Supercurrent significantly increases the size of the topological region. (b) Same as (a), but kha = π2 . Supercurrent opens up large topologically nontrivial regions that are completely absent when the supercurrent vanishes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-the-studied-system-consists-of-a-1aqb2lwd.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) The studied system consists of a helical arrangement of magnetic atoms on a superconductor. Supercurrent can be employed to modify the topological state of the chain. The signatures of the topological phase can be observed by tunneling from an STM tip to the MBS localized at the end. (b) Minimum value of E+(k). Different phases are separated by the condition minE+(k) = 0. The labels stand for normal (N), topological (T), and gapless (G). The parameters are θ = 2π/5, kha = π/10, εϕ = | |/3, ξ = 50a. The inset shows the phase diagram for vanishing supercurrent εϕ = 0. In addition to adding gapless regions, finite supercurrent also pushes some gapless regions to the topologically nontrivial gapped phase indicated by the red arrows. (c) Same as (b), but with inverted supercurrent εϕ = −εϕ . https://scispace.com/papers/tunnelling-density-of-states-at-coulomb-blockade-peaks-piolzuml81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-interaction-keldysh-contour16-280pucbr.png FIG. 1: The ‘interaction’ Keldysh contour16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dependence-of-the-tdos-in-the-units-of-n0-on-the-2f8wz523.png FIG. 2: The dependence of the TDoS (in the units of ν0) on the energy (measured in Ec): (a) in the valley, (b) through an intermediate region, and (c) at the peak. https://scispace.com/papers/turning-loose-the-invisible-hand-new-zealand-s-information-57fxwb6yn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-new-zealand-s-economic-performance-1985-1990-161i80qp.png Table 1. New Zealand's Economic Performance, 1985-1990 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-for-analysis-3uxgx07b.png Figure 1. Model for Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-new-zealand-it-market-by-product-classification-in-1ixupknc.png Table 6. New Zealand IT Market by Product Classification in NZ$ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-new-zealand-it-expenditures-1983-1988-33m2khbc.png Figure 6. New Zealand IT Expenditures, 1983-1988 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sales-of-state-assets-m2xhl9am.png Figure 3. Sales of State Assets https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-it-expenditures-in-manufacturing-383wsnvk.png Table 9. IT Expenditures in Manufacturing https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-r-d-spending-and-personnel-3qb088x6.png Table 3. R&D Spending and Personnel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-suggestions-to-software-producers-from-porter-1f8i16gg.png Figure 5. Suggestions to Software Producers from Porter Project https://scispace.com/papers/tutorial-guidelines-for-annotating-single-cell-3iz8213a02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-referenced-annotation-tools-3kys5rdb.png Table 2: Summary of referenced annotation tools https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-caveats-and-recommendations-for-374fn788.png Table 1: Comparison of the caveats and recommendations for different approaches to cell annotation https://scispace.com/papers/tweetnorm-a-benchmark-for-lexical-normalization-of-spanish-nvf6e5vk1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-precision-values-broken-down-into-word-categories-ths35a4g.png Table 4 Precision values broken down into word categories for the best run for each of the participants, and average and best performance for each word category. Participants in rows are ordered by overall performance, while word categories in columns are ordered by their frequency in the test corpus. Bold figures represent participants who obtained the highest precision score for the word category in question. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-list-of-oov-words-for-which-none-of-the-participants-2e8y38g3.png Table 6 List of OOV words for which none of the participants found the correct variation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distributions-in-percents-of-word-categories-in-the-19uma4iu.png Table 3 Distributions (in percents) of word categories in the development and test corpora. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-precision-of-the-tweet-norm-2013-participants-the-33agksy9.png Table 2 Precision of the Tweet-Norm 2013 participants. The graphs on the right side show the results of a statistical significance test using McNemar’s test. Two systems (based on Prec1) share a cluster if they are not significantly different under the reported pvalue (either 0, 001 or 0, 05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-synoptic-table-of-systems-charecteristics-see-2lzw2hqe.png Table 5 Synoptic table of system’s charecteristics. See Section 7.3 for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-three-oov-word-categories-0-22muwjlw.png Table 1 Distribution of the three OOV word categories (0, correct; 1, variant; 2, NoES) in the development corpus and in the final test corpus. https://scispace.com/papers/two-access-databases-organization-for-sasa-lead-zinc-deposit-1q7yhq6aj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-general-information-datasheet-of-the-anthropogenic-1gy47q7o.png Fig. 8. General information datasheet of the anthropogenic database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bibliography-information-datasheet-of-the-database-pme3gwxc.png Fig. 7. Bibliography information datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-information-datasheet-of-the-database-19c44rt5.png Fig. 1. General information datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comments-information-datasheet-of-the-database-ayvuklu9.png Fig. 5. Comments information datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-iconography-information-datasheet-of-the-database-2cpwofny.png Fig. 6. Iconography information datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mineralization-rocks-information-datasheet-of-the-33y8awme.png Fig. 3. Mineralization-rocks information datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-deposit-features-datasheet-of-the-database-sigzfy2s.png Fig. 2. Deposit features datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comments-information-datasheet-of-the-anthropogenic-1rb5zya4.png Fig. 3. Mineralization-rocks information datasheet of the database https://scispace.com/papers/twisted-magnetization-state-at-the-interface-of-an-15ra5uerfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-specular-reflectivity-patterns-for-the-15mfbi32.png FIG. 5. Color online Specular reflectivity patterns for the NSF R++ red and R−− black and SF R−+ green and R+− blue channels measured for a Fe/Si ML at different Ha as indicated after negative saturation. The solid symbols are data and the open circles are fits to a rigid-state model. The insets show the magnetization alignment of the two adjacent Fe layers in the ML stack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-of-the-neutron-scattering-175zl5ml.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic of the neutron scattering geometry. The beam is collimated in the reflection plane and relaxed along the y axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-sf-intensity-maps-r-of-a-fe-si-ml-158airi2.png FIG. 6. Color online SF intensity maps R−+ of a Fe/Si ML measured at different Ha after negative saturation. The color bar encodes the scattered intensity on a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-variation-in-the-angle-between-mi-and-mi-2saxafzc.png FIG. 8. Color online Variation in the angle between Mi and Mi+1 as a function of the applied field. The error bars 3° are indicated by the symbol size. The dashed line is a guide to the eye. The angles are extracted from the fits of the specular data to the rigid-state model. Inset: schematic of the scattering geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-field-dependence-of-sin-a-for-mi-filled-3j1oxru4.png FIG. 9. Color online Field dependence of sin A for Mi filled red dots and Mi+1 filled black squares as extracted from fitting the specular data to the rigid-state model. The directions of all Fe layers in the ML as deduced from the micromagnetic simulation of the SQUID curve are plotted for comparison by using the open symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-specular-reflectivity-patterns-for-the-gc9s1kf4.png FIG. 13. Color online Specular reflectivity patterns for the NSF R++ red and R−− black and SF R−+ green and R+− blue channels for a Fe/Si ML measured at Ha=0.25 T after positive saturation. The solid symbols are data and the open circles are fits to the twisted state model carried out with different combinations of J1 and J2 parameters as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-angular-deviation-of-the-magnetization-from-the-3sxz3s6j.png FIG. 11. Angular deviation of the magnetization from the applied field direction derived from fitting the twisted state model to the SQUID data at Ha=0.25 T. The x axis spans the total FM thickness of all of the seven Fe layers but neglects the thickness of the Si interlayers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-schematic-of-the-magnetization-profile-upz5aijc.png FIG. 12. Color online Schematic of the magnetization profile of two adjacent Fe layers corresponding to the experimental data obtained at Ha=0.25 T. https://scispace.com/papers/two-colour-fluorescence-fluorimetric-analysis-for-direct-4o3li9agg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-transfer-from-sybr-i-to-pi-575-2vlgwjb7.png Table 1: Energy transfer from SYBR-I to PI 575 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significance-of-correlations-between-od600-and-1ls6zbu0.png Table 2: Significance of correlations between OD600 and fluorescence in the presence or 579 absence of cellulose 580 https://scispace.com/papers/two-centuries-of-farmland-prices-in-england-5atldnacjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uk-land-price-series-k6r4rfow.png Table 2. uK land price series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chain-linked-average-price-of-agricultural-land-in-1kg6xsby.png Figure 3. chain-linked average price of agricultural land in england (£/ha) (1781–2013). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-series-summary-statistics-and-correlation-estimates-3biiltx9.png Table 4. series summary statistics and correlation estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-nominal-and-real-land-price-growth-bupx6p67.png Table 5. nominal and real land price growth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nominal-and-real-growth-for-farmland-and-gold-prices-272d41ku.png Table 1. nominal and real growth for farmland and gold prices and stock market index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-growth-series-of-agricultural-land-ps-ha-ftse-2ozj7fxu.png Figure 5. real growth series of agricultural land (£/ha), ftse all share index and the price of gold ($/ ounce) (1800–2013). Source: ftse series come from GfD (2015) and lse (2015); Gold values obtained from officer and Williamson (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-for-chain-linking-two-series-2tu58kl8.png Table 3. example for chain-linking two series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nominal-values-of-agricultural-land-ps-ha-ftse-all-19t4u51x.png Figure 1. nominal values of agricultural land (£/ha), ftse all share index and gold ($/ounce) (1800–2013). source: ftse all share series come from GfD (2015) and lse (2015); Gold series are derived from officer and Williamson (2015). notes: *land prices in £/ha. **ftse all share series is a closing index value for the last trading day of the year. ***Gold series is new york Market Price (u.s. dollars per fine ounce). https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-gold-tungsten-disulphide-bio-interface-for-2h14x36tqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-zeta-potential-x-axis-and-water-contact-angle-y-uyz0dcb2.png Figure 2. The zeta potential (x-axis) and water contact angle (y-axis) of WS2, WS2/Au NPs and WS2/Au NPs/HRP assemblies (a) and the variation of enzyme immobilisation efficiency in pH 2-12 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tem-images-of-ws2-nanosheets-at-a-low-and-b-high-3e61m0wg.png Figure 1. TEM images of WS2 nanosheets at (a) low, and (b) high magnification, and Au NPs structured WS2 nanosheets at (c) low and (d) high magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-limit-sensing-range-sensitivity-and-1icyqsve.png Table 1. Detection limit, sensing range, sensitivity and response time of WS2/Au NPs/HRP WS2/HRP and electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-amperometric-responses-a-and-the-calibration-curves-109201l8.png Figure 4. Amperometric responses (a) and the calibration curves (b) for the sensing of H2O2 with WS2/HRP and WS2/Au NPs/HRP electrodes in 0.1 M PBS at 0.5 V applied potential vs. Ag/AgCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cyclic-voltammetry-a-and-impedance-b-response-of-2floh7cu.png Figure 3. Cyclic voltammetry (a) and impedance (b) response of bare and modified electrodes in 5 mM Fe(CN)6 3-/4- and 0.1 M PBS at 50 mV/s vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The inset in (b) is the equivalent of Randles circuit which is used to fit the data. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-analysis-of-trapped-ion-eigenmodes-30z8gqsnx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-two-dimensional-structure-of-the-trapped-electron-12rbe4zj.png Fig. 10. Two-dimensional structure of the trapped-electron mode (mode #1) obtained with the Gladd-Ross parameters. Here, 2. = 3, w= (-4.35,2.28) x 10" sec - 1, and <k rP b i> = 0.42 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-radial-structure-of-the-eigenfunet-ion-4-and-of-the-365a0ier.png Fig. 6. Radial structure of the eigenfunet ion, 4>, and of the corresponding radial potential, Q, for mode #2 (TIM). Here, Jl = 3 and w= (-0.50,0.41) x Wsec1 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-radial-structure-along-9-0-of-the-two-dimensional-3bqkxfj2.png Fig. 11. Radial structure, along 9=0, of the two-dimensional trapped-el^ctron mole (mode #1) found with the Gladd-Ross parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-corresponding-spectrum-when-the-full-d2paywrn.png Figure 3 shows the corresponding spectrum when the full circulatingion dynamics is taken into account. The influence of circulating https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-radially-local-spectrum-found-in-the-ovm0i9s5.png Figure 2 shows the radially local spectrum found in the calculations when the nonadiabatic circulating-ion response is ignored ( w c i = C ) • https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-typical-poloidal-harmonic-and-the-corresponding-k-p-2ih9tm1h.png Fig. 15. A typical poloidal harmonic and the corresponding k^p h 1 for the trapped-ion mode. ** r Hbi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-radial-structure-along-8-0-of-the-two-dimensional-2ifavly4.png Fig. 14. Radial structure, along 8 = 0, of the two-dimensional trappedion mode (mode #2) found with the Gladd-Rcss parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radially-local-solid-line-and-radially-non-local-dots-28zg6hgc.png Fig. 7. Radially local (solid line) and radially non local (dots) spectra obtained with the Gladd-Ross para meters, when the non-adiabatic circulating-ion response is neglected. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-materials-as-catalysts-for-energy-conversion-542v6xau9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scaling-relationship-for-the-chemisorption-energies-of-2vav4x94.png Fig. 1 Scaling relationship for the chemisorption energies of OH* and OOH* for various 2D materials. Pt(111) and IrO2(110) data adapted from Refs. [49, 62] are shown for comparison in purple and dark green, respectively. OH and OOH adsorption energies are reported relative to liquid water and gas phase hydrogen using H2O(l) + * → OH* + 1/2H2(g) and 2H2O(l) + * → OOH* + 3/2H2(g), respectively. h-BN/M and NiOx/Au are adapted from Refs. [25, 61], respectively. Color code: C (gray), N (blue), O (red), H (white), B (pink), S (yellow), Mo (cyan), Cu (brown), Ni (green), Au (orange), Pt (silver), Ir (light blue) https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-nanoscale-self-assembly-on-a-gold-surface-by-1o39ai1814 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-solid-line-dominant-wavelength-m-expected-from-cahn-1ivh9ak3.png FIG. 2. (a) Solid line: dominant wavelength m, expected from Cahn and Hilliard theory for the spinodal decomposition of a 2D Au adatom gas. The circles summarize experimental results for the dominating wavelengths, following pulses with different duration and hence differing Au coverage. (b)– (d) Surface morphology following 5 V pulses of 2:8 s (b), 2:1 s (c), and 0:7 s (d) duration. Au densities are 0:5, 0:7, and 0:8. Irrespective of the surface coverage, the dominating wavelength of the structure amounts to about 4 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-in-situ-stm-image-of-the-evolution-of-a-labyrinthine-1rctk16a.png FIG. 1. (a) In situ STM image of the evolution of a labyrinthine, interconnected island pattern upon the application of a 0:7 s, 5.2 V pulse between the STM tip and the Au(111) surface. The position of the STM tip, where the pulse was applied, is indicated by an arrow. The slow scan direction was directed downwards. The island pattern significantly coarsened during the imaging at a potential of Ag=AgCl 0:4 V. (b) Linewise density autocorrelation function of the STM image in (a), 1 s after the pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-slow-dissolution-of-au-a-upon-application-of-a-15-ms-2-2fiz7tfg.png FIG. 3. Slow dissolution of Au (a) upon application of a 15 ms, 2.4 V pulse to the STM (tip position during the pulse marked by an arrow) and (b) upon three subsequent 20 ms potentiostatically controlled potential steps to Ag=AgCl 0:9 V. Well separated holes with diverse diameters, indicative of nucleation and growth processes formed on the surface. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-projective-point-matching-3qhz9eijts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-results-for-local-search-point-matching-17qmdql6.png Figure 1. Typical Results for Local Search Point Matching https://scispace.com/papers/two-experience-sampling-studies-examining-the-variation-of-khzgp62u4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-within-person-correlation-matrix-of-state-measures-1v0jaq1o.png Table 6. Within-person correlation matrix of state measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-variance-components-and-reliability-2tb7q7bs.png Table 2. Means, variance components, and reliability coefficients for items of state self-control capacity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-variance-components-and-reliability-3k6sr7or.png Table 3. Means, variance components, and reliability coefficients for 4-item and 2-item state self-control scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-between-person-correlation-matrix-of-state-measures-jr0ua8ow.png Table 5. Between-person correlation matrix of state measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-of-the-correlation-between-trait-self-3i4v4gnk.png Figure 3. Forest plot of the correlation between trait self-control and stress (tense arousal) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-of-the-correlation-between-trait-self-6v2cfsc2.png Figure 2. Forest plot of the correlation between trait self-control and affective valence https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-variance-components-and-reliability-3fgcc5tz.png Table 1. Means, variance components, and reliability coefficients for core affect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-trait-self-control-on-the-diurnal-1c7umqj1.png Figure 1. Effects of trait self-control on the diurnal pattern of valence and stress in Study 1 https://scispace.com/papers/two-genomic-loci-control-three-eye-colors-in-the-domestic-3s1naaupdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-single-genomic-locus-is-associated-with-bull-eye-324sfgxj.png Figure 2. A single genomic locus is associated with bull eye color in two F2 intercrosses. (A) F2 offspring from an intercross between a Pomeranian Pouter and a Scandaroon have either bull (left two images) or orange (right two images) eyes. (B) F2 offspring from an intercross between an Archangel and an Old Dutch Capuchin have orange (left), pearl (center), or bull (right) eyes. (C) Genome-wide QTL scan of the Pomeranian Pouter x Scandaroon cross for bull eye. Red line indicates 5% genome wide significance threshold. (D) Iris color phenotype counts for each genotype at the bull eye peak marker from the Pomeranian Pouter x Scandaroon cross. Pom, allele from Pomeranian Pouter founder. Scan, allele from Scandaroon founder. (E) Genome-wide QTL scan of the Archangel x Old Dutch Capuchin cross for bull eye. Red line indicates 5% genome wide significance threshold. (F) Iris color phenotype counts for each genotype at the bull eye peak marker from the Archangel x Capuchin cross. Arc, allele from the Archangel founder. Cap, allele from the Capuchin founder. (G) Whole-genome pFST comparisons of bull-eyed birds to birds with non-bull (orange or pearl) eyes. Dashed red line indicates 5% threshold for genome-wide significance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-single-genomic-locus-is-associated-with-pearl-35kffn9n.png Figure 1. A single genomic locus is associated with pearl iris color in domestic pigeons. (A) Domestic pigeons typically have one of three major iris colors: the wild-type orange, pearl, or bull. (B) Whole-genome pFST comparisons of orange-eyed and pearl-eyed pigeons. Gray dots represent SNPs, with different shades indicating different genomic scaffolds. Dashed red line indicates genomewide significance threshold. (C) Genome-wide QTL scan for pearl eye in the Archangel x Old Dutch Capuchin cross. Red line indicates 5% genome wide significance threshold. Insets: Archangel (left) and Capuchin (right) founders. (D) Eye color phenotypes of F2 progeny with different genotypes at the QTL peak marker. Arc, allele from the Archangel founder. Cap, allele from the Capuchin founder. (E) Genomic context of the pearl eye candidate region. Gene models for the region are shown in gray. SNPs in coding regions are shown in red, SNPs in non-coding regions are shown in blue. (F) Alignment of DNA (top) and predicted protein (bottom) sequences of SLC2A11B for pearl-eyed and orange-eyed pigeons. The start codon is highlighted in green. The DNA polymorphism at position ScoHet5_1307:1895934 is marked in red (pearl allele) or blue (orange allele); the resulting stop codon in the pearl allele is highlighted in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bull-eye-color-is-associated-with-white-plumage-in-34il8eeo.png Figure 3. Bull eye color is associated with white plumage in an F2 intercross. (A) Examples of standard plumage patterning for the Pomeranian Pouter (left) and Scandaroon (right) breeds. Photos by Layne Gardner, used with permission. (B) Examples of variable piebald plumage patterning in Pomeranian Pouter x Scandaroon F2 offspring. (C-E) Boxplots of association between eye color and proportion of white plumage on the (C) lateral right head, (D) dorsal right wing, and (E) lateral right neck of F2 birds. **, p £0.0001; *, 0.001 < p £ 0.01; n.s., p >0.01. Boxes span from the first to third quartile of each data set, with lines indicating the median. Whiskers span up to 1.5x the interquartile range. (F-H) QTL scans for proportion of white plumage (left side of panel) and proportion of white plumage by genotype at the peak marker (right) for (F) lateral right head, (G) dorsal right wing, and (H) lateral right neck. Red line, 5% genome-wide significance threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-qtl-for-regional-white-plumage-pve-ryzpydvj.png Table 1. Summary of QTL for regional white plumage. PVE, percent variance explained; Pom, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-pigment-associated-genes-within-the-lg15-1w9wdfez.png Table 2. Summary of pigment-associated genes within the LG15 QTL https://scispace.com/papers/two-frequency-forcing-of-droplet-rebounds-on-a-liquid-bath-4r3vdzh292 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-a-droplet-dispenser-and-b-vibrated-17sc5p2v.png FIG. 1. Experimental setup: (a) droplet dispenser, and (b) vibrated bath. (a) A small container with a hole and a piezoelectric membrane is filled with silicone oil. An electric pulse creates a shock wave that ejects a droplet through the hole. (b) The droplet lands on a bath of silicone oil that is mounted on a shaker. The bath vibrates vertically according to a driving signal provided by a DAQ through an amplifier. The droplet is recorded with a high speed camera (back lighting). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-phase-diagram-of-bouncing-patterns-differentiated-by-3pv80qrm.png FIG. 8. Phase diagram of bouncing patterns, differentiated by periodicity (◦ for T , for 2T , ? for larger periods, ♦ for chaotic patterns) and by number of impacts Nb during 2T (colors online). Coalescing droplets (acceleration below the sustained-bouncing threshold) are represented with ×. The shading provides information about the horizontal dynamics: (light grey) purely vertical bouncing, (medium grey) regular walking at 64 Hz, (medium grey, dotted) regular walking at 80 Hz, (dark grey) chaotic walking. The Faraday instability occurs in the black region, at the top right of the diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-bouncing-patterns-as-g4-is-increased-from-2kcdtsl2.png FIG. 9. Evolution of bouncing patterns as γ4 is increased from 0 to 2.6, for fixed γ5 = 2. The position is measured by image processing (colored solid lines online, according to color scheme of Fig. 8). Black dots (connected with dashed lines) represent droplet impacts where the droplet velocity is reversed. A grazing bifurcation occurs at the upper end of each dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behavior-of-the-vibrated-bath-as-a-function-of-forcing-2hh9zrmm.png FIG. 2. Behavior of the vibrated bath as a function of forcing amplitudes (γ4, γ5). Horizontal and vertical axes correspond to acceleration components γ5 and γ4 respectively (Eq. 1). Three different regimes are represented: damped waves (white), Faraday instability (gray) and droplet ejection (dark gray). The symbols correspond to experimental measurements. Errors on the Faraday instability threshold are estimated to be smaller than the symbol size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-top-view-of-the-standing-wave-pattern-for-various-3l2wm8fa.png FIG. 3. (a)-(c) Top view of the standing wave pattern for various pairs (γ4, γ5): (a) (0,4.35), (b) (2.45,4.35) and (c) (3.12,0). (d)-(f) Spatio-temporal diagrams obtained by vertically combining lines of pixels (dashed red) from (a-c) at different times. The time window (vertical axis) is 1/8 s. (g)(i) Forcing signal from the shaker, corresponding to (a-d), (b,e) and (c,f) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-instant-velocity-v-at-g4-g5-2-2-4-a-as-a-function-of-10q65q3y.png FIG. 12. Instant velocity V at (γ4, γ5) = (2.2, 4): (a) as a function of distance travelled d, (b) histogram for several trajectories, (c) power spectrum |P (d)|, and (d) zoom on the central peak of the power spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-average-distance-d-t-travelled-in-a-given-time-t-the-2a426azy.png FIG. 13. Average distance D(T ) travelled in a given time T . The statistics is made on 52 different trajectories, all taken in the chaotic regime (γ4, γ5) = (2.2, 4). The solid line represents the ballistic law D = 5.7T , and the dashed line represents the diffusive law D = 1.8 √ T . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ejected-droplets-for-different-forcing-conditions-2w1wc4dv.png TABLE I. Ejected droplets for different forcing conditions: number n of droplets from a bath surface of 180 mm2 every 10 s, mean dm and standard deviation ds of the droplet diameter. https://scispace.com/papers/two-new-species-of-guatteria-annonaceae-from-the-atlantic-t98a52wwyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-f-guatteria-emarginata-lobao-maas-mello-silva-a-39jemq1s.png Fig. 1 a–f. Guatteria emarginata Lobão, Maas & Mello-Silva. a. Flowering twig; b. leaf; c. leaf base; d. leaf surface verruculose; e. leaf apex emarginate; f. flower. — g–i. Guatteria stenocarpa Lobão, Maas & Mello-Silva. g. Fruiting twig; h. flower bud; i. monocarp (a–f: Vervloet 2316, g, i: Jardim 3096, h: Thomas 1109). https://scispace.com/papers/two-phase-air-water-flows-scale-effects-in-physical-modeling-2qtlunv3ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-r-and-f-for-w0-5-140-eq-12-2x6hmfqz.png Fig. 4 Relationship between R and F for W0.5=140 (Eq. (12)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-air-water-flow-features-between-1qt5jvx9.png Fig. 5 Comparison of air-water flow features between prototype and laboratory model operations of hydraulic jumps; (a) hydraulic jump stilling basin downstream of Paradise Dam spillway (Australia) on 30 December 2010 (Courtesy of B. Chanson): Q≈6,300 m3/s, F=8, R=2×107; and (b) Laboratory experiment: Q=0.030 m3/s, F=8, R=6×104. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-limiting-scale-factors-to-prevent-significant-scale-3dc34352.png Table 1. Limiting scale factors to prevent significant scale effects in two-phase air-water flows under Froude similitude, with a focus on air concentrations (also denoted as void fraction) for undistorted air-water scale models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bottom-air-concentration-cb-curves-versus-28p1nz79.png Fig. 3 Bottom air concentration Cb curves versus normalization functions f, downstream of (a) deflector, (b) drop aerators, with trend line for unaffected tests (‒) and symbols for tests affected by scale effects, (–) Pfister and Hager (2010b) with data W0.5>140. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-air-water-flows-between-prototype-and-p0eipcdc.png Fig. 1 Comparison of air-water flows between prototype and laboratory model operations of stepped spillways; (a) Paradise Dam stepped spillway (Australia) on 5 March 2013 (Photograph H. Chanson), Q≈2,500 m3/s, hc/h=2.9, R=7×106, h=0.62 m, θ=57°; (b) Laboratory experiments (Courtesy of Mr P. Royet, IFSTTAR) Q=0.40 m3/s, hc/h=3.2, R=2.6×105, h=0.06 m, θ=53°; and (c) Laboratory experiments (Courtesy of Mr P. Royet, IFSTTAR) R<4×104, h=0.024 m, θ=63.4°, 59° & 53° (from left to right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drag-coefficient-as-a-function-of-the-bubble-weber-2zz00u05.png Fig. 2 Drag coefficient as a function of the bubble Weber number Wb for a single bubble rising at terminal velocity in various stagnant fluids (Habermann and Morton 1954) https://scispace.com/papers/two-year-olds-can-socially-learn-to-think-divergently-3pfhdmzsev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-possible-scores-for-imitation-and-divergent-1rdnp1y0.png Table 1. Total possible scores for imitation and divergent thinking by condition. Since one action was always modeled before the very first trial in the Low Divergence conditions, that action could never be coded as divergent thinking. However, if children produced actions that would be modeled on later trials before they were actually modeled, those actions could count as divergent thinking, allowing a score of up to 179 out of 180. Similarly, since five actions were always modeled before the very first trial in the High Divergence condition, those actions could never be coded as divergent thinking. However, if children produced actions that would be modeled on later trials before they were actually modeled, those actions could count as divergent thinking, allowing a score of up to 175 out of 180. If children produced an action already modeled, even if they did so with a different object, it was counted as imitation, not divergent thinking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-novel-box-and-five-novel-items-329opj2y.png Figure 1. Novel box and five novel items. https://scispace.com/papers/two-tracer-lif-imaging-of-preferential-evaporation-of-multi-3xr08yps4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-evaporation-curves-of-commercial-3o0bn1y0.png Fig. 1: Comparison of the evaporation curves of commercial gasoline and the three-component surrogate obtained from numerical simulation and measurements (left axis). The lower curves (right axis) show the evaporated fractions of each fuel and tracer component as a function of temperature. Experiments and calculations are carried out at 1 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signal-intensity-correlation-for-an-image-pair-1fgc6zhi.png Fig. 3: Signal intensity correlation for an image pair obtained by Configuration B (a) after image mapping using a reference grid image, (b) after optimizing of the spatial adjustment according to [17], (c) after additional flatfield correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-tracer-lif-ratio-images-obtained-by-configuration-18njolk9.png Fig. 6: Two-tracer LIF-ratio images obtained by Configuration A at 550 K (left column) and 600 K (right column). Individual (top row) and average images (bottom row) are presented. Iso-contours at 0.85 and 1.15 indicate the regions where the deviation from unity is higher than the measurement accuracy (0.15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-s320-s292-signal-ratio-red-circles-as-a-2j6p7thp.png Fig. 4: Measured S320/S292 signal ratio (red circles) as a function of ambient temperature from Configuration C in comparison to cell data (blue squares [14]). Error bars represent the standard deviation (±σ) from the mean temperature field. Exemplary single shot measurements of the temperature distribution are given using the temperature calibration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signal-intensity-correlation-for-an-image-pair-3v5m9au1.png Fig. 3: Signal intensity correlation for an image pair obtained by Configuration B (a) after image mapping using a reference grid image, (b) after optimizing of the spatial adjustment according to [17], (c) after additional flatfield correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-tracer-lif-ratio-average-image-left-and-standard-sqgciy9s.png Fig. 5: Two-tracer LIF-ratio average image (left) and standard deviation image (right) obtained from 15 single shot images taken in Configuration B at 550 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-exemplary-lif-images-at-600-k-of-the-signal-intensity-1rh1q70t.png Fig. 2: Exemplary LIF images at 600 K of the signal intensity related to concentration levels of pdifluorobenzene (left) and 1-methylnaphthalene (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-tracer-lif-ratio-average-image-left-and-standard-2byd1vty.png Fig. 5: Two-tracer LIF-ratio average image (left) and standard deviation image (right) obtained from 15 single shot images taken in Configuration B at 550 K. https://scispace.com/papers/type-checking-privacy-policies-in-the-p-calculus-3r4d0xbfd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-typing-system-qr6h7sd2.png Fig. 2. The Typing System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-labelled-transition-system-14brmd2k.png Fig. 1. The labelled transition system https://scispace.com/papers/type-system-for-specializing-polymorphism-4nqfm6ntiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-damas-milner-type-system-of-core-ml-1kelhtz6.png Fig. 2. Damas-Milner Type System of Core ML https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-some-of-typing-rules-of-the-unboxed-calculus-36iv1f5s.png Fig. 6. Some of Typing Rules of the Unboxed Calculus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-type-system-of-the-implementation-calculus-limpl-1zy813pn.png Fig. 7. The Type System of the Implementation Calculus Λimpl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-type-system-of-lml-utjveax3.png Fig. 4. The Type System of Λml https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-some-of-evaluation-rules-of-limpl-22cm8ez1.png Fig. 9. Some of Evaluation Rules of λimpl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-compilation-algoritm-from-lml-to-limpl-2f81lsqu.png Fig. 8. The Compilation Algoritm from Λml to Λimpl https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-type-system-of-lml-37fk68qs.png Fig. 3. The Type System of λml https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationship-among-the-calculi-3ejqhl6d.png Fig. 1. Relationship Among the Calculi. https://scispace.com/papers/typologies-and-meanings-of-prayer-among-patients-1mr1tp70l3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typologies-of-prayer-2htdjgrs.png Fig. 1 Typologies of prayer https://scispace.com/papers/tyrosine-based-activatable-pro-tag-enzyme-catalyzed-protein-589wpp6cv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tyrosinase-catalyzed-conjugation-of-imac-purified-2zjfds79.png Figure 1. Tyrosinase-catalyzed conjugation of IMAC-purified 15 fusion protein to chitosan. (A) Experimental design. (B) Photograph taken under UV light of GFP-chitosan pellets. (C) Western blot analysis of supernatants decanted from precipitation of (His)6-EK-GFP-EK-(Tyr)5 with chitosan. (D) Western blot analysis of supernatants decanted from precipitation of (His)6-LuxS-(Tyr)5 with chitosan. https://scispace.com/papers/typification-of-three-european-species-epithets-attributable-168zwgxj7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neo-and-epitype-specimens-of-strobilomyces-species-a-1evnkwzc.png Fig. 1. Neo– and epitype specimens of Strobilomyces species. A. Boletus strobilaceus, Slovakia, Tríbeč Mountains, village of Mankovce, hills NW of the village, alt. 276–290 m, 48° 25’ 58” N, 18° 19’ 25” E, 12. VII. 2010, S. Adamčík (as S. strobilaceus), F 3214 (SAV). 0.25×. B. B. strobiliformis, United Kingdom, England, Oxfordshire, Henley-on-Thames, Lambridge Wood, 51o 32’ 15” N, 0o 54’ 17” E, 11. X. 1992, coll. & det. A. Brickstock, K(M) 20811. C. B. floccopus, Denmark, S Sjaeland, Pramskoven, 55o 28’ N, 11o 42’ E, 16. IX. 1990, coll. & det. H. Knudsen (as S. strobilaceus), C-F-22261 (C). 0.4×. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-its-based-bayesian-consensus-phylogeny-including-bpx34lh6.png Fig. 8. ITS-based Bayesian consensus phylogeny including European and selected North American reticulate-spored Strobilomyces collections. https://scispace.com/papers/u-pb-zircon-geochronology-and-phase-equilibria-modelling-of-depspepnno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-nt2-zircon-images-back-scattered-electron-dfok48r1.png Figure 4: Sample nt2 zircon images. Back-scattered electron (BSE) images of zircon analysed in situ (a–d), with BSE (e–h) and cathodoluminescence (i–l) close-ups of the (arrowed) grains. Insets in (e–h) show BSE images of inclusions present in the zircon grains, which were identified using EDS spectra and reproduced in multiple grains. Ion beam pits (white ellipses, ∼12 µm diameter) shown for scale. Spot ages (1σ errors) are 207Pb corrected (Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-nt2-common-pb-uncorrected-tera-wasserburg-17l4gikk.png Figure 5: Sample nt2 common-Pb uncorrected Tera-Wasserburg diagram. Error ellipses are 95 % confidence. Common-Pb upper intercept composition (0.852) calculated using a free regression. Dashed ellipses are excluded from the regression due to assumed 206Pb loss. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-nt2-p-t-phase-equilibria-diagram-peak-3egq66s8.png Figure 6: Sample nt2 P–T phase equilibria diagram. Peak assemblage shown in red text. Selected phase stability fields are highlighted and additional phase boundaries are shown in Fig. 7. Some fields are unlabelled for clarity. All assemblage fields are +H2O. Due to the relatively low Na-content of the bulk composition (Table 1), the single clinopyroxene phase calculated in the peak field by thermocalc is diopside. However, as the diopside has a calculated jadeite content of ∼0.30 (Fig. 8), this is comparable to the term omphacite used in the petrographic description. Similarly the term muscovite is used on the figure, as this is consistent with the name of the calculated end-member in thermocalc, but with calculated Si pfu contents of up to ∼3.50 (Fig. 8) is comparable to the term phengite used in the petrographic description. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-temperature-time-plot-of-the-sumdo-complex-3qmtqxve.png Figure 10: Temperature–time plot of the Sumdo complex. Evidence for eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Sumdo complex occurred in two time periods during the subduction zone lifecycle (orange shading): soon after formation of the subduction zone, and coincident with the onset of continental convergence. The older age bracket is also associated with hotter peak conditions. These features suggest discontinuous eclogite exhumation at either end of a subduction zone lifecycle. All data points are detailed in Table 4. *This study. ? = location unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-amalgamated-results-the-conditions-of-prograde-z1rfaajm.png Figure 9: Amalgamated results. The conditions of prograde zircon dissolution–precipitation (Fig. 7) and peak metamorphism (Fig. 8) are quantitative, whereas the suggested P–T path is qualitative. Ilmenite, rutile and titanite stability fields are highlighted from Fig. 6, and the inset shows their respective Zr contents (*presented as the average of the values given in Table S1). The green shaded region represents where garnet and clinopyroxene co-exist in the absence of plagioclase for the sample nt2 bulk composition (Fig. 6); see text for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-field-setting-a-tectonic-map-of-the-tibetan-plateau-3oh0y0m8.png Figure 1: Field setting. a) Tectonic map of the Tibetan plateau. Yellow star shows study region. The lateral trace of the Luobadui-Milashan suture is primarily based on the distribution of Permian arc-related andesite (not shown) in the north Lhasa terrane (Yang et al., 2009). Abbreviations: MMT = Main Mantle Thrust, K’koram = Karakoram. Modified after Palin et al. (2015). b) Geological map of the Sumdo area. Sample nt2 was collected from the Sumdo eclogite locality. Modified after Cheng et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-nt2-petrography-a-field-photograph-of-an-2rfgfwkr.png Figure 2: Sample nt2 petrography. a) Field photograph of an eclogite boudin within quartzite at the Sumdo eclogite locality. The rim of the boudin is composed of garnet amphibolite. Geologist for scale is 1.8 m tall. b) Plane-polarised light (PPL) photomicrograph of sample nt2 showing a medium–coarse grain size. c) PPL photomicrograph of sample nt2 showing fractured garnet grains with inclusion-rich interiors and inclusion-poor rims. d) Back-scattered electron (BSE) image of a garnet porphyroblast. Inset: close-up of garnet inclusions. e) BSE image showing amphibole–quartz intergrowths surrounding omphacite that grade into amphibole plates that embay into garnet grains. f) BSE image showing titanite in garnet cores and rutile inclusions in garnet rims. g) BSE image showing matrix rutile and granular ilmenite rimmed by films of titanite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-as-fig-6-but-showing-selected-compositional-25w31nmk.png Figure 8: As Fig. 6 but showing selected compositional isopleths. Diopside and muscovite isopleths and additional garnet isopleths are only shown in the peak field for clarity. Labels A and B correspond to the location of isopleth intersections shown on Fig. 3b (renormalised without Mn). As the phase diagram does not account for garnet cation fractionation, these locations are only qualitative. Grt rim Zr(Rt) T refers to the range of temperatures calculated using the Zr content of rutile located in garnet rims (Table S1). Orange shaded region is from Fig. 7. An estimate of peak conditions in shown as a white circle with associated uncertainties of ± 1 kbar and ± 50 ◦C. https://scispace.com/papers/ueber-einige-muriden-aus-kamerun-200aq4zxpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-2wqcujna.png Fig. 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-taf-iti-ausweist-und-den-dickdarm-von-der-stelle-wo-1s3vivfv.png Fig. 20, Taf. ITI ausweist, und den Dickdarm von der Stelle, wo der Dünndarm endigt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mus-manrus-rechter-hinterfuss-eines-ausgewachsenen-idueddkn.png Fig. 1. Mus manrus, rechter Hinterfuss eines ausgewachsenen Exemplars. !> 2. Mus maurus, rechter Hinterfuss eines jungen Exemplars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-29-30-2vpapb83.png Fig. 28. https://scispace.com/papers/uk-land-use-change-and-its-impact-on-soc-1925-2007-8cyqy6rhav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-directions-of-uk-land-use-change-1925-34eoeyx6.png Figure 1. Predicted directions of UK land-use change, 1925–2007, (a) out of arable; (b) out of temporary grassland; (c) out of permanent grassland; (d) out of urban land; (e) out of woodland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-extent-and-direction-of-the-overall-soil-ny9z7ud1.png Figure 6. The extent and direction of the overall soil organic carbon flux caused by various land-use change transitions. (a) Land-use change from grassland to arable; (b) land-use change into woodland; (c) land-use change out of woodland; (d) land-use change from arable to grassland; (e) land-use change into urban; (f) land-use change out of urban. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-uks-cumulative-soil-organic-carbon-flux-1925-2wljlz7d.png Figure 7. The UK’s cumulative soil organic carbon flux: 1925–2007. A positive flux represents a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; a negative flux represents a flux from the atmosphere into the soil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-decay-constants-and-half-lives-1698iynr.png Table 2. Estimates of Decay Constants and Half-Lives, Associated With Land-Use Change Resulting in Soil Carbon Losses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-modeled-change-in-uk-soil-organic-carbon-stock-1f06xejo.png Figure 4. The modeled change in UK soil organic carbon stock: 1925–2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-modeled-flux-of-uk-soil-organic-carbon-from-35qvho4s.png Figure 5. The modeled flux of UK soil organic carbon from 1925–2007 resulting from land-use change. A positive flux represents a flux from the soil to the atmosphere; a negative flux represents a flux from the atmosphere into the soil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-databases-used-to-predict-soc-concentrations-soc-ypl94uke.png Table 4. Databases Used to Predict SOC Concentrations (% SOC) Under Different Land-Uses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uk-land-use-change-1925-2007-31ksew5h.png Figure 2. UK land-use change 1925–2007. https://scispace.com/papers/ulf-wave-activity-observed-in-the-nighttime-ionosphere-above-1mtj2frz1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-superposed-epoch-analysis-of-ulf-wave-activity-34jlh0pr.png Figure 3. Superposed epoch analysis of ULF wave activity relative to 5,594 earthquakes with magnitudes ≥4.8 and depth ≤70 km in the region of |MLat| < 40°. The occurrence rate of ULF waves is organized in bins of 12 hr (time from the earthquakes) by 200 km (distance from the epicenters). (a) Results of real earthquakes; (b) similar to (a) results of random earthquakes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-superposed-epoch-analysis-of-ulf-waves-relative-to-1wkk0o9b.png Figure 4. Superposed epoch analysis of ULF waves relative to 3,442 earthquakes with magnitudes ≥5.0 and depth ≤70 km in the region of |MLat| < 40° (similar to Figure 3). (a) Results of real earthquakes and (b) results of random earthquakes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-significance-test-of-ulf-wave-activity-a-normalized-325a7420.png Figure 5. Significance test of ULF wave activity. (a) Normalized ULF wave occurrence rate with respect to M ≥ 4.8 earthquakes, (b) similar to (a) for M ≥ 5.0 earthquakes, (c) normalized ULF wave occurrence rate within 200 km (distance from the epicenters) for M ≥ 4.8 earthquakes, and (d) similar to (c) but for M ≥ 5.0 earthquakes. Red lines at ±3.2905 in (c) and (d) indicate the rejection bounds at the 0.1% significance level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-ulf-disturbances-before-the-m6-1-3fr3eonr.png Figure 1. An example of ULF disturbances before the M6.1 Bhutan earthquake on 21 September 2009. (a) The location of the epicenter and a half orbit on 20 September 2009, 1 day before the earthquake; oceans and land in the map are shown in blue and brown, respectively; (b) original dynamic spectra of total cross‐covariance power along the half orbit in the panel a; (c) spectra with the background noise removed; and (d) moving averaged spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-another-example-of-ulf-disturbances-before-the-m5-7-1ch9jp79.png Figure 2. Another example of ULF disturbances before the M5.7 Japan earthquake on 6 July 2009. (a) The location of the epicenter and one half orbit on 6 July 2009, ~10 hr before the earthquake; oceans and land in the map are shown in blue and brown, respectively; (b) original dynamic spectra of total cross‐covariance power along the half orbit in the panel a; (c) spectra with the background noise removed; and (d) moving averaged spectra. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-compact-inline-e-plane-waveguide-bandpass-filters-4mctlju4bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coupling-scheme-of-a-symmetric-doublet-22h8n9pg.png Fig. 8. Coupling scheme of a symmetric doublet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-extracted-generalized-coupling-coefficients-of-the-e-1diln9mp.png Fig. 10. Extracted generalized coupling coefficients of the E-plane waveguide doublet: (a) B1 vs. Lfin; (b) K2 vs. Wsep2; (c) K12 vs. Gap; (d) KN2 vs. Wsep1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-analysis-of-the-symmetric-doublet-using-the-even-odd-3brjrpoh.png Fig. 9. Analysis of the symmetric doublet using the even-odd mode technique: short and open schematic circuits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-q-factors-comparison-2ienpe47.png TABLE V Q-FACTORS COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-e-plane-extracted-pole-section-a-schematic-3rfng9eq.png Fig. 11. E-plane extracted pole section: (a) schematic representation; (b) coupling scheme representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-arrangement-of-e-plane-inserts-for-the-compact-3rd-poa434xw.png Fig. 12. Arrangement of E-plane inserts for the compact 3rd order cross coupled filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-simulated-and-measured-frequency-responses-of-filter-kmm84jj2.png Fig. 23. Simulated and measured frequency responses of Filter I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-view-of-fabricated-filter-iii-2t0xgvyp.png Fig. 28. View of fabricated Filter III. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-compact-multi-standard-low-noise-amplifiers-in-28-nm-1ie8pg0okk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intrinsic-gain-gm-rds-versus-transconductance-255gq375.png Fig. 3. Intrinsic gain gm/rDS versus transconductance efficiency gm/ID. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-photograph-of-the-die-of-the-lna-with-active-m8kw6qcu.png Fig. 19. Photograph of the die of the LNA with active inductors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-photograph-of-the-die-of-the-lna-with-vertical-3sj4b29m.png Fig. 20. Photograph of the die of the LNA with vertical inductors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-setup-of-a-enhanced-symmetrical-planar-inductor-3mbfiw4a.png Fig. 9. Setup of a enhanced symmetrical planar inductor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-quality-factor-of-the-symmetrical-enhanced-planar-and-2cobu30j.png Fig. 11. Quality factor of the symmetrical enhanced planar and the symmetrical vertical inductor versus frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-magnitude-of-the-impedance-of-the-inductors-versus-1xl8u21y.png Fig. 14. Magnitude of the impedance of the inductors versus frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-schematic-representation-of-the-lna-with-active-10lzqueb.png Fig. 12. Schematic representation of the LNA with active inductors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-inductance-of-the-symmetrical-enhanced-planar-and-the-6ufcm2uu.png Fig. 10. Inductance of the symmetrical enhanced planar and the symmetrical vertical inductor versus frequency. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-high-efficiency-high-concentration-pv-system-based-on-kz91e99l1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-eqe-of-the-four-junctions-of-an-rxi-rr-design-for-842djpcn.png FIGURE 4. EQE of the four junctions of an RXI-RR design for four terminals, and its aggregation. Our modeling indicates that this design should achieve about 46% efficient under AM1.5d with 39% 3J cell and 26% silicon cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kohler-rxi-rr-soe-concentrator-with-the-flat-band-28qphudn.png FIGURE 3. Köhler RXI-RR SOE concentrator, with the flat band-pass filter and the 3J and BPC silicon cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-irregularities-and-roughness-of-the-gridlines-1y57ds12.png FIGURE 1. The irregularities and roughness of the gridlines of a commercial concentration triple-junction cell has approximately cylindrical symmetry, which allows efficient external confinement with an asymmetric cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-gap-calculation-of-maximum-current-densities-9ucxl6pf.png FIGURE 2. Band-gap calculation of maximum current densities (at 1-sun) of a four-terminal combination of a commercial concentration GaInP/GaInAs/Ge 3J cell and a Back-Point-Contact (BPC) concentration silicon cell. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-efficiencies-of-the-3j-reference-cell-and-2y9w9wkv.png TABLE 2. Measured efficiencies of the 3J reference cell and 4J prism receiver in 4T operation (corrected for Tcells=25ºC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proof-of-concept-prototype-4j-module-376nx8cx.png FIGURE 5. Proof-of concept prototype 4J module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-peak-efficiency-i-v-curves-measured-and-expected-of-43mlj19h.png FIGURE 6. Peak-efficiency I-V curves (measured and expected) of the 4J receiver module. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-reliable-low-latency-vehicular-networks-taming-the-age-ztvenm1rdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ccdf-of-the-aoi-for-various-densities-of-vues-k-ovgfsefr.png Figure 4. CCDF of the AoI for various densities of VUEs (K). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ccdf-of-the-aoi-for-various-inter-vehicle-distance-hq3td1si.png Figure 5. CCDF of the AoI for various inter-vehicle distance with K = 80. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ccdf-of-the-queue-length-for-various-densities-of-2kf4ytrg.png Figure 3. CCDF of the queue length for various densities of VUEs (K). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ccdf-of-the-exceedance-value-fitted-to-gpd-for-24t0kfqt.png Figure 2. CCDF of the exceedance value fitted to GPD for various densities of VUEs (K). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-13-1eewscrv.png Table I SIMULATION PARAMETERS [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-and-path-loss-models-of-the-considered-v2v-vs6nyaq1.png Figure 1. System and path loss models of the considered V2V communication network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-arrival-rate-versus-aoi-trade-off-with-k-80-and-k-2nxxjwz0.png Figure 6. Arrival rate versus AoI trade-off, with K = 80 and K = 20 VUEs. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-direct-laser-writing-of-cladding-waveguides-in-the-4k8zq7ws8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-full-width-at-half-maximum-of-20-lm-waveguide-te-mode-11y3tzu6.png FIG. 4. Full width at half maximum of 20 lm waveguide TE mode, after each thermal treatment between 200 and 750 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-power-measured-in-guides-with-20-30-and-40-lm-1fxkqcvl.png FIG. 3. Output power measured in guides with 20, 30, and 40 lm diameters, after heat treatments between 150 and 750 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-near-field-intensity-pattern-of-the-te-mode-of-guides-xhr95w3m.png FIG. 2. Near-field intensity pattern of the TE mode of guides fabricated with 0.72 lJ pulse energy and diameters of 20, 30, and 40 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-optical-image-of-the-type-iii-waveguides-dgtupgp1.png FIG. 1. Cross-section optical image of the Type III waveguides fabricated by fs laser writing with 0.72 lJ pulse energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-index-profile-of-a-20-lm-diameter-waveguide-for-3te5ajzm.png FIG. 5. Left: index profile of a 20 lm diameter waveguide for the 3D FDBPM simulation. Right: modeled output intensity of the waveguide after 1 cm propagation length, in relation to the maximum refractive index modification generated by the fs-laser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-emission-of-nd3th-at-1060-nm-under-excitation-at-808-zief1n32.png FIG. 6. Emission of Nd3þ at 1060 nm under excitation at 808 nm, collected from the bulk (dashed line) and from the fs-laser written waveguide (continuous line). https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-separation-of-photodoped-carriers-in-mott-3yiqo5h57l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-carrier-motion-1mz7h86m.png FIG. 3 (color online). Temperature dependence of carrier motion. (a),(b) Layer and time-resolved doublon and hole densities for two temperatures, T ¼ 1=3.5 (paramagnetic) and T ¼ 1=8 (antiferromagnetic). To study the carrier motion over a longer distance, we consider a heterostructure which is not coupled to leads, apply the excitation at layer z ¼ 1, and focus on the doublon dynamics (holes remain trapped at the boundary); see sketch in Fig. 1(e). The internal field is ΔE ¼ 1. The dotted line shows the spatial mean z̄d=hðtÞ. (c) Velocity vdðtÞ ¼ dz̄dðtÞ=dt at intermediate time t ¼ 6, plotted for various temperatures against the square m2 of the layer-averaged staggered magnetization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-equilibrium-configuration-of-the-3sg0hy6s.png FIG. 1 (color online). Equilibrium configuration of the heterostructure and nonequilibrium setup. (a) Layer and frequency resolved spectral function Aðω; zÞ in the Mott heterostructure with leads, for temperature T ¼ 1=3 (paramagnetic phase) and internal field ΔE ¼ 1.5; ω ¼ 0 is the Fermi level of the external leads. (b) Layer-dependent density for various gradients ΔE. (c) Layer-dependent antiferromagnetic order for various temperatures up to the Néel temperature. (d) Setup used to study the doublon and hole diffusion to the leads. (e) Setup without leads, which allows us to study the spreading of doublons over a longer distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-layer-resolved-spin-integrated-2rd109sw.png FIG. 4 (color online). Layer-resolved, spin-integrated photoemission spectrum IðΩ; tp; zÞ of the upper Hubbard band, for the same geometry as in Fig. 3. (a)–(f) Antiferromagnetic structure at T ¼ 1=8. (g)–(l) Paramagnetic structure at T ¼ 1=3. The dashed lines indicate the center of the upper Hubbard band. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrahigh-specific-impulse-nuclear-thermal-propulsion-1w146c8myv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-carbon-dioxide-viscosity-vs-temperature-for-31fdfjef.png Figure 4-10: Carbon dioxide viscosity vs. temperature for different pressures: Comparison between experimental data (dots) and the model (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-location-of-the-numerical-nodes-for-a-5x5-domain-3m5puv1q.png Figure 5-2: Location of the numerical nodes for a 5x5 domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-45-tri-c3-se-image-of-post-hht-specimen-1y4jnho6.png Figure 4-45. TRI-C3 SE image of post-HHT specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-44-tri-c3-bse-image-of-pre-hht-specimen-bs7yscv9.png Figure 4-44. TRI-C3 BSE image of pre-HHT specimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-mid-axial-cross-section-showing-wc-carbon-3dtrmm05.png Figure 4-16. Mid-axial cross section showing WC carbon content as a function of depth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-15-wc-bse-image-illustrating-the-transition-zone-755nomcj.png Figure 4-15. WC BSE image illustrating the transition zone where carbon depletion occurred https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-hot-hydrogen-test-chamber-8r427ax9.png Figure 3-1. Hot hydrogen test chamber https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-top-view-of-sample-tungsten-susceptor-inductive-1c70ph52.png Figure 3-2. Top view of sample/tungsten susceptor/inductive coil configuration https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasensitive-detection-of-plasma-amyloid-b-as-a-biomarker-4c1x00zfn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-representing-the-kerr-anglican-3cyxnxbg.png Figure 1. Flow chart representing the Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohort participants included within the current study. MMSE: Mini-mental state examination score, SMC: subjective memory complainers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-plasma-ab40-ab42-and-ab42-40-ratios-2iuqccdq.png Table 2. Comparison of plasma Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 ratios between Aβ- and Aβ+ participants. Plasma Aβ concentrations and their ratios were compared between cognitively normal individuals with low brain Aβ load (Aβ-) and high brain Aβ load (Aβ+) using linear models. All participants were further categorised into subjective memory complainers (SMC, n=72) and non-SMC (n=23). † represents p-values obtained from log transformed plasma Aβ concentrations and ratios to better approximate normality. pa represents p-values adjusted for age, gender and APOE ε4 status. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-cohort-participants-3tsovq18.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics of cohort participants. Baseline characteristics including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), APOE ε4 status, mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores, subjective memory complainer status and brain Aβ load represented by the standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of ligand 18F-Florbetaben (FBB) in the neocortical region normalised with that in the cerebellum, have been compared between Aβ- (SUVR<1.35) and Aβ+ (SUVR≥1.35) study participants. Chi-square tests or linear models were employed as appropriate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-for-the-237b7xqk.png Figure 3. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of Aβ+ versus Aβparticipants. The ‘base’ model comprising major risk factors age and APOE ε4 allele status (A) was outperformed by the ‘base + plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio’ model (B). Logistic regression models were employed to perform the analyses. AUC: area under the curve. 95% CI for A= 65-86%, 95% CI for B= 68-88%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-plasma-ab40-ab42-and-ab42-ab40-ratios-3jg4bc12.png Figure 2. Comparison of plasma Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios between Aβ- versus Aβ+ participants. Plasma Aβ concentrations (in pg/mL) and their ratios were compared between participants with neocortical amyloid-β load (assessed by the standard uptake value ratio observed via positron emission tomography using ligand 18F-florbetaben) <1.35 (Aβ-) and ≥1.35 (Aβ+) using linear models. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios were significantly lower in Aβ+ (N=32) participants compared to Aβ- (N=63) participants. The line segment within each jitter plot represents the median of the data and error bars in the graphs represent the data range for the Aβ- and Aβ+ groups. P-values were obtained from log transformed plasma Aβ concentrations and ratios to better approximate normality and variance homogeneity when required. * p<.005. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrashort-xuv-pulse-absorption-spectroscopy-of-partially-4ginh3i5c9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xuv-absorption-spectrum-of-a-sub-monolayer-of-s0falatm.png FIG. 3. XUV absorption spectrum of a sub-monolayer of nanoparticles deposited on a 10 nm thick Si3N4 substrate. The black spectrum is plotted together with a gray-shaded 1σ uncertainty range. The spectrum is well described by a simulation (red), consisting of a superposition of XUV absorption spectra of Co (orange), CoO (blue), and the Si3N4 substrate (green). 48 Note that the plotted Co and CoO components include the substrate effect as offset. The spectrum has been recorded within 6 min of total exposure time using a laboratory-based HHG source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-close-up-of-a-selected-hr-tem-image-region-co-and-coo-270ezte6.png FIG. 2. Close up of a selected HR-TEM image region. Co and CoO lattices are indicated with arrows for selected particle areas. The inset shows a fast 2D Fourier transform of the area where the topmost nanoparticle is located (to the left of the inset), revealing diffraction spots associated with the (200) and (111) planes of CoO.27 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-panels-a-and-b-show-hr-tem-images-of-the-produced-1qvhsahd.png FIG. 1. Panels (a) and (b) show HR-TEM images of the produced nanoparticles at two different scales. The nanoparticles exhibit wire-like structures, some of which are fused together. The inset in panel (a) features a section of the recorded EDXS spectrum, which exhibits a carbon peak originating from the substrate, as well as cobalt and oxygen features associated with the nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-pretreatment-of-wheat-straw-in-oxidative-and-8ft9u0uo3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xylose-released-in-the-various-pretreatment-liquors-34zoeyqo.png Figure 4. Xylose released in the various pretreatment liquors before and after acid hydrolysis (denoted as free and hydrolyzed xylose, respectively). Water, PAA, HP, and AA denote treatment in water, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid, respectively. US, MW, and OB denote the reactor configurations, ultrasound, microwave, and heating using an oil bath, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-glucose-released-in-the-various-pretreatment-3vaditch.png Figure 5. Glucose released in the various pretreatment liquors before and after acid hydrolysis (denoted as free and hydrolyzed glucose, respectively). Water, PAA, HP, and AA denote treatment in water, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid, respectively. US, MW, and OB denote the reactor configurations, ultrasound, microwave, and heating using an oil bath, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-heating-curves-for-ultrasonic-top-sm7o7ur5.png Figure 1. Typical heating curves for ultrasonic (top) pretreatments and silent pretreatments (bottom). The microwave power input is in black, and the temperature is in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-pits-and-cracking-caused-by-the-2fb40brg.png Figure 3. SEM images of pits and cracking caused by the ultrasonic pretreatments. Water, PAA, HP, and AA denote treatment in water, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid, respectively, and US denotes ultrasound-assisted experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-sensor-for-uav-flight-navigation-1139jlre69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3d-graphics-of-the-emitted-acoustic-wave-for-the-z-6m6lsej0.png Fig. 8. 3D graphics of the emitted acoustic wave for the Z-method configuration: (a) 15μs; (b) 30μs; (c) 45μs. a) b) c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3d-graphics-of-the-emitted-acoustic-wave-for-the-v-1bst5gml.png Fig. 7. 3D graphics of the emitted acoustic wave for the V-method configuration: (a) 30μs; (b) 60μs; (c) 90μs. a) b) c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-3d-graphics-of-the-emitted-acoustic-wave-for-the-w-2eoo4z7n.png Fig. 9. 3D graphics of the emitted acoustic wave for the W-method configuration: (a) 30μs; (b) 90μs; (c) 150μs. a) b) c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-final-test-bench-set-up-for-experimentation-rjcq1ip1.png Fig. 11. The final test bench set up for experimentation within the low speed wind tunnel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-between-the-four-tested-angles-of-9zxrg8lm.png Fig. 10. Comparison between the four tested angles of incidence against the ideal calculated value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-operating-principle-of-a-transit-time-flow-meter-3kwodbv3.png Fig. 1. The operating principle of a transit-time flow meter. An ultrasonic wave is emitted alternatively by both transducers, T1 and T2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-configurations-of-transit-time-flow-meter-methods-28myejzz.png Fig. 2. The configurations of transit-time flow meter methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-an-average-of-the-first-3-readings-of-the-each-of-the-2dds600i.png Fig. 12. An average of the first 3 readings of the each of the measured velocities compared to the wind tunnel test velocities. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-water-measurement-in-irrigation-pipelines-with-2w1e4jjw8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-transit-time-ultrasonic-flow-meter-accuracy-i3jhda9e.png Figure 12. Transit–time ultrasonic flow meter accuracy envelope for 100% open butterfly valve vertical axis orientation (BV1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-multiplier-used-to-remove-transit-time-ultrasonic-3v5dvs1m.png Figure 13. Multiplier used to remove transit–time ultrasonic flow meter directional bias, Group 1 flow–disturbing devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-velocity-profiles-for-single-elbow-sel-3tz947tn.png Figure 4. Normalized velocity profiles for single elbow (SEL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-transit-time-ultrasonic-flow-meter-accuracy-after-4va3bo6c.png Figure 14. Transit–time ultrasonic flow meter accuracy after directional bias removed, Group 1 flow–disturbing devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-velocity-profiles-for-50-open-butterfly-1owykvem.png Figure 5. Normalized velocity profiles for 50% open butterfly valve vertical axis orientation (BV5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-transit-time-ultrasonic-flow-meter-accuracy-119znxn9.png Figure 11. Transit–time ultrasonic flow meter accuracy envelope for 100% open butterfly valve horizontal axis orientation (BH1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-transit-time-ultrasonic-flow-meter-accuracy-3pwzut5w.png Figure 10. Transit–time ultrasonic flow meter accuracy envelope for Group 1 devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-flow-distribution-relative-to-centerline-of-15-2-cm-f8bb0pom.png Figure 9. Flow distribution relative to centerline of 15.2 cm PVC pipe for 50% open butterfly valve vertical axis orientation (BV5) and 100% open butterfly valve horizontal axis orientation (BH1). https://scispace.com/papers/ultrastructural-studies-on-graptolites-1-the-periderm-and-32kj8w5urz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-occurrence-of-fusellar-tissue-in-mastigograptus-16leqwoq.png Table 2.—Occurrence of fusellar tissue in Mastigograptus species https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagrammatic-transverse-section-of-the-stipe-in-dmk2dnk0.png Figure 2_Diagrammatic transverse section of the stipe in Mastigograptus sp., showing the main components of thecal walls within the stipe proper (s) and a branch (b). 1 inner layer of crassal fabric, 2 fuselli, 3 cortex. Fissures within the cortex are shown in solid black. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-cortical-fabric-39epxp2l.png Table 1.—Comparison of the cortical fabric https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-effect-on-leak-localisation-in-a-dma-1wnong25yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-projection-of-the-three-residuals-for-the-non-leaky-8t0vy9ys.png Fig. 5. Projection of the three residuals for the non-leaky scenario (o) and leak hypothesis 40 R̂f40 (*) with uncertainty in Canyars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diagonal-of-confusion-matrix-and-maximum-value-in-the-1yzxi0is.png Fig. 7. Diagonal of Confusion Matrix and maximum value in the corresponding row and difference of these values for falsification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-canyars-dma-lk7x9tnb.png Fig. 1. Canyars DMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histogram-of-the-cardinals-of-the-models-3az5vhi3.png Fig. 4. Histogram of the cardinals of the models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projection-of-the-three-residuals-for-the-nominal-leak-3ihlgq25.png Fig. 3. Projection of the three residuals for the nominal leak hypothesis r̂fi i = 1...169 in Canyars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-memberships-of-nodes-to-each-demand-component-in-2sgx3eh7.png Fig. 2. Memberships of nodes to each demand component in Canyars network considering the three available sensors. Each representation of the network depicts a grayscale map with the membership of each node to a particular demand component: the darker the node in the map, the higher the membership of the node to the demand component. The sensor with the highest sensitivity to variations in each demand component is also depicted in each map https://scispace.com/papers/unclogging-the-pipeline-advancement-to-full-professor-in-3otxrrhtoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-distribution-of-number-of-years-in-23m54y8d.png Figure 2. Cumulative distribution of number of years in associate professor rank prior to promotion for men and women in STEM who were full professors in 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-time-in-years-in-associate-professor-rank-o16d01w2.png Figure 5. Average time (in years) in associate professor rank until promotion by year appointment at university for men and women promoted between 2008 and 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-women-in-stem-promoted-to-full-professor-1p488nky.png Figure 3. Number of women in STEM promoted to full professor between 1988 and 2015 (Note: two women promoted to full in 1995 had left university prior to 2008 census). https://scispace.com/papers/uncovering-modeling-features-of-viral-replication-dynamics-3lkn1ctgxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimates-of-mechanistic-parameter-posterior-38gpqfhr.png Figure 4: Estimates of mechanistic parameter posterior distributions in our model of PV infection from fitting the model to experimental data generated without drug treatment (Fig. 1C-F). Parameters are estimated by fitting the model described by the equations in Table 1 and illustrated in Fig. 2A. The parameters shown correspond to those labeled in each reaction. (A) Translation, which occurs in step 3 of the model. (B) Compartmentalization, a part of step 4. (C) Circularization, step 5. (D, E) Replication of positive and negative sense RNA, step 6. (F) Packaging, step 7. (G) The maximum number of compartments possible, considered in step 6. (H) The maximum number of replication cycles permitted by cellular resources, a limiting factor in step 4. (I) Consumption of the protein product 3A, step 4. (J) The probability for a newly synthesized genome to stay in the replication complex, step 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-principal-component-analysis-of-parameter-2ihtl85h.png Figure 5: Principal component analysis of parameter distributions estimated from fitting our mechanistic model of PV infection to experimental data (Fig. 1C–F). (A) The amount of variance explained by the first 6 principal components. The white labeling provides the cumulative amount of variance explained by including all components up to and including the labeled one. (B–G) Relative contribution of features for each of the first six principal component axes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-reactions-that-describe-the-replication-cycle-of-3dvsgc0p.png Table 1: The reactions that describe the replication cycle of PV. Numbered steps correspond to individually modeled reactions as described in Figure 2. See [18] for a full mathematical description of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sigmoidal-functions-fit-to-experimental-data-and-1tl0wfho.png Figure 1: Sigmoidal functions fit to experimental data and distributions of fitted parameters when the sigmoidal functions are fit to a population of infection events generated by [12] without drug treatment. (A) Example of sigmoidal function fit to experimentally data. A sigmodal curve (black line) is fitted to intensity observations from a single infection event (purple dots), allowing for the estimation of the midpoint (blue) and the maximum intensity value (orange). (B) Example of double-sigmoidal function fit to a single infection event where lysis is observed. A double sigmodal curve (black line) is fitted to intensity observations from a single infection event (purple dots), allowing for the estimation of the midpoint (blue), the maximum intensity value (orange), and the time point of lysis (green). (C) Distribution of slopes calculated at the midpoint. The slope is related to the viral replication rate. (D) Distribution of the maximum intensity. (E) Distribution of the amount of time until the half of the maximum intensity is reached. (F) Distribution of the length of infection time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-pv-replication-cycle-and-parameter-2r1fvw1t.png Figure 2: Illustration of PV replication cycle and parameter estimation procedure. (A) The replication cycle of PV as represented in the model of [18]. This figure is adapted from that work. Numbered steps correspond to individually modeled reactions given in Table 1. (B) Computational procedure to compare the output of the mechanistic model of a single PV infection to the experimental data obtained from thousands of single-cell infections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-posterior-parameter-distributions-1fd2zac3.png Figure 6: Comparison of posterior parameter distributions between the no drug treatment and drug treatments. Asterisks indicate distributions that differ significantly from the no drug treatment. Non significant (ns) corresponds to p > 0.05, a single asterisk corresponds to p ≤ 0.05, two asterisks correspond to p ≤ 0.01, three correspond to p ≤ 0.001, and four correspond to p ≤ 0.0001 from a K-S test. Parameters are estimated by fitting the model described by the equations in Table 1 and illustrated in Fig. 2A. Parameters correspond to those labeled in each reaction. (A) Translation, which occurs in step 3 of the model. (B) Compartmentalization, a part of step 4. (C) Circularization, step 5. (D, E) Replication of positive and negative sense RNA, step 6. (F) Packaging, step 7. (G) The maximum number of compartments possible, considered in step 6. (H) The maximum number of replication cycles permitted by cellular resources, a limiting factor in step 4. (I) Consumption of the protein product 3A, step 4. (J) The probability for a newly synthesized genome to stay in the replication complex, step 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-until-first-occurrence-of-events-as-estimated-163d5tfr.png Figure 3: Time until first occurrence of events as estimated from our model of PV infection when the model is fit to the experimental data shown in Fig. 1C–F. (A) Hours until protein is first produced. (B) Hours until the first production of positive sense RNA. (C) Hours until the first production of negative sense RNA. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-actor-loyalty-to-event-based-groups-in-1khudouc5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-affiliation-network-example-with-3-actors-15-1ht4f8t2.png Figure 1: An affiliation network example with 3 actors, 15 events and 20 relationships across 5 time points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-evolution-of-loyalty-over-time-for-our-simple-34lx7ddl.png Figure 3: The evolution of loyalty over time for our simple example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-topic-loyalty-across-all-topics-in-the-smr12tvl.png Figure 7: Average topic loyalty across all topics in the senator bill sponsorship network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-loyalty-vs-centrality-for-scientific-publication-24wrad7m.png Figure 13: Loyalty vs. Centrality for Scientific Publication Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-average-topic-loyalty-grouped-by-institution-o6ii5r6a.png Figure 6: The average topic loyalty grouped by institution type for the scientific publication network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-location-loyalty-for-dolphins-sitnl8z1.png Figure 10: Average location loyalty for dolphins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-author-publications-in-information-visualization-2rxfvn9s.png Figure 14: Author publications in ”Information Visualization“ topic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-average-topic-loyalty-for-the-scientific-y43f4oru.png Figure 5: The average topic loyalty for the scientific publication network https://scispace.com/papers/undershoot-and-settling-time-tradeoffs-for-nonminimum-phase-1gy8lb95pl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bound-on-given-in-4-versus-for-and-2wi8ep23.png Fig. 1. Bound on ( ) given in (4) versus for and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scalar-example-bound-on-relative-undershoot-versus-4uvq2noz.png Fig. 2. Scalar example. Bound on relative undershoot versus settling time for https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-customer-experience-throughout-the-customer-52i6qreyzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-research-agenda-for-customer-experience-cx-3dnfioo0.png TABLE 3 Research Agenda for Customer Experience (CX) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-what-we-know-about-customer-experience-3i9sa7sj.png TABLE 2 What We Know About Customer Experience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-model-for-customer-journey-and-experience-3w2qjeb0.png FIGURE 1 Process Model for Customer Journey and Experience https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-discordant-relationships-between-teachers-and-1y9nrgrtot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-regression-models-tyz4qiie.png Table 2. Final regression models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-note-standardized-predictor-variables-are-depicted-11i98nod.png Figure 2 Note. Standardized predictor variables are depicted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-note-standardized-predictor-variables-are-depicted-35y3cr8d.png Figure 1 Note. Standardized predictor variables are depicted https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-for-boys-and-cnxmqwhe.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations for boys and girls https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-field-based-accessibility-from-the-perspective-1a46r0fv49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modification-strategies-for-geoscience-field-2gdwmd7v.png Table 2: Modification Strategies for Geoscience Field Accessibility https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-universal-access-strategies-for-geoscience-field-37aqd40r.png Table 5: Universal Access Strategies for Geoscience Field Accessibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visual-diagram-for-degree-access-for-a-student-with-23jkkz3k.png Figure 2: Visual Diagram for Degree Access for a Student with a Mobility Disability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visual-diagram-for-degree-access-for-a-student-with-dxfgqc25.png Figure 4: Visual Diagram for Degree Access for a Student with a Hearing Disability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visual-diagram-for-degree-access-for-a-student-with-2i35yhve.png Figure 3: Visual Diagram for Degree Access for a Student with a Visual Disability https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adaptation-strategies-for-geoscience-field-aigfslyh.png Table 4: Adaptation Strategies for Geoscience Field Accessibility https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-department-reported-instances-of-students-or-faculty-276plonx.png Table 1: Department reported instances of Students or Faculty with Disabilities in a Department https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-accessibility-practice-facies-diagram-b0wpqxj5.png Figure 1: Accessibility Practice Facies Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-protected-area-resilience-a-multi-scale-social-r80sw0swyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-multi-scale-perspective-of-protected-areas-pas-as-3pmlqic8.png FIG. 2. A multi-scale perspective of protected areas (PAs) as social-ecological systems, showing the relationships between the sizes, response times, and persistence times of different system elements. Note that individual elements in this figure are nested within each other. At each scale, Ostrom’s SES framework captures some of the complexity of interactions between and across different subsystems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-international-union-for-conservation-of-nature-and-1bko38s8.png TABLE 1. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) protected area categories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summary-of-social-ecological-patterns-and-processes-at-1u2qxsrn.png FIG. 5. Summary of social-ecological patterns and processes at different scales. Pattern–process interactions across and between these different scales must be reconciled if effective, sustainable conservation is to occur. In addition, different actors and processes operating at the same scale may interact in important ways. This figure extends the depiction of Poiani et al. (2000) of the ecological components of a functional landscape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diagrams-presenting-a-dynamic-perspective-for-each-n62qiy3y.png FIG. 8. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-overview-showing-examples-of-issues-identified-as-1zpragxj.png FIG. 7. Overview showing examples of issues identified as particularly important in each of the three case studies at different spatial scales in ecological, sociopolitical, and economic categories, respectively. The case studies are indicated on the left of the diagram (EC, Eastern Cape; CM, Causse Méjan; GLTFCA, Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area). Note that this list is not intended to be exhaustive, and many of the issues that are indicated for individual case studies are also relevant to other case studies in the same compartment. For example, tourism and community upliftment are important in all three areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-summary-depiction-of-ostroms-social-ecological-3g5oskj9.png FIG. 1. A summary depiction of Ostrom’s social-ecological system (SES) framework. Different components of social-ecological systems (characterized as resource units, resource systems, governance systems, and actors) interact to produce outcomes. Each component is composed of numerous different elements. Although the framework indicates a role for cross-scale dynamics, this aspect of it has not been well developed in most applications. We note also that interactions and outcomes include interactions among the ecological components of the system (e.g., predator–prey dynamics); the social components of the system (e.g., rulemaking); and the social and ecological components of the system (e.g., harvesting). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-timeline-showing-changes-in-tenure-or-land-use-and-35upi80r.png FIG. 6. Timeline showing changes in tenure or land use and wildlife and livestock populations in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA) between approximately 1830 and 2010. The 1890 decline in wildlife and livestock was due to the rinderpest pandemic. The early period was characterized by increasing ecological and social fragmentation, followed by GLTFCA formation and moves to reconnect landscape elements for conservation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-depiction-by-poiani-et-al-2000-of-the-components-257jh48l.png FIG. 4. The depiction by Poiani et al. (2000) of the components of an ecologically functional landscape. Different species have different habitat requirements and if a full range of ecological function is to be retained, habitat conservation must be undertaken in a nested manner, with wide-ranging, regional species having access to high quality patches at local scales. Note that, despite its emphasis on functional landscapes, this figure does not directly include people and the scales at which they modify landscapes. https://scispace.com/papers/undoped-insb-schottky-detector-for-gamma-ray-measurements-33qjc2vtcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-an-undoped-insb-detector-2f0ydddc.png Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of an undoped InSb detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gamma-ray-energy-spectra-of-am-solid-circles-and-ba-30gzhhwf.png Fig. 4. Gamma-ray energy spectra of Am (solid circles) and Ba (open circles) measured by the undoped InSb Schottky detector with the electrode of 1.5 mm in diameter at 4.2 K, as well as background (open triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-preamplifier-output-pulse-of-gamma-rays-of-ba-2z6xl6pu.png Fig. 5. A preamplifier output pulse of gamma-rays of Ba measured by the undoped InSb Schottky detector with an electrode of 1.5 mm in diameter at 4.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-for-gamma-ray-measurements-mca-1zt7tsch.png Fig. 3. Block diagram for gamma-ray measurements (MCA: multichannel analyzer, DSO: digital storage oscilloscope). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-voltage-curves-of-the-undoped-insb-detector-gdp4sf6p.png Fig. 2. Current-voltage curves of the undoped InSb detector with the electrode of 1.5 mm in diameter. Operating temperatures are 4.2 K (solid circles), 20 K (open triangles), 40 K (open squares), 77 K (open diamonds) and room temperature (solid triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temperature-dependence-of-the-rise-time-of-the-undoped-28ymim9m.png Fig. 7. Temperature dependence of the rise time of the undoped InSb Schottky detector with an electrode of 1.5 mm in diameter in the measurements of gamma-rays of Am (open circle) and Ba (open triangle). The rise time of undoped InSb Schottky detector with an electrode of 3 mm in diameter (solid squares), pn-junction InSb detector (solid circles) and p-type InSb Schottky detector (solid triangles) in the measurements of alpha particles are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-carrier-concentration-of-1aol9f7p.png Fig. 6. Temperature dependence of the carrier concentration of undoped InSb (solid circles) and the depletion layer thickness of an undoped InSb detector (open circles). Solid lines are eye-guides. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-capacity-region-of-the-greedy-maximal-2ysklynvz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-geometric-network-graph-g-v-e-i-gkg-and-u-n-co-me-2rf29ii8.png Fig. 4. A geometric network graph G(V, E, I) ∈ GKg and !µ,!ν ∈ Co(ME) such that 13!µ # !ν. With K → ∞, we assume that a link is a point and its interference range is a circle with radius r. Figures illustrate an instance of maximal schedules from !µ and !ν, respectively. Note that since links are uniformly and closely placed on circles C1 and C2 (a small fraction of them is shown in the figures), the interference range of active links in each maximal schedule must cover C1 and C2. Let !µ consist of dense maximal schedules and let !ν consist of sparse maximal schedules. From the uniform placement of (finite) links on C1 and C2, the time required to serve all links for a unit time is determined by the distance between two neighboring active links in C1 (or C2). Since the distance is r in dense maximal schedules and 3r in sparse maximal schedules, we have 1 3 !µ # !ν. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-6-link-cyclic-network-and-the-instances-of-maximal-3fysaezb.png Fig. 1. The 6-link cyclic network and the instances of maximal schedule under the 1-hop interference model. The solid lines in (b) and (c) are the active links. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tree-network-graph-with-the-deepest-link-l-two-links-x-epkt383h.png Fig. 2. Tree network graph with the deepest link l∗. Two links x, y ∈ IE(l∗) interfere with each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geometric-network-graph-under-the-2-hop-model-downward-32r2xtgs.png Fig. 3. Geometric network graph under the 2-hop model. Downward is the left direction of the coordinate system as indicated by a big arrow. For each link, its left node is colored in white and its right node in black. The node nRV is the left-most right node, the link l∗ is the left-most link. Note that all other right nodes must be within an angle of less than 180o from nRV . This figure shows how 6 other links can be placed within the interference range of l∗ and they do not interfere with each other. Note that each node of the 6 links must be outside an interference range of c of each other, and further, their right node must be inside an angle less than 180o from nRV . https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-phase-behavior-of-tetrahydrofuran-carbon-4n8u8o2c55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pt-projection-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-thf-1-3ff5w02v.png Figure 1. PT projection of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + CO2(2) binary mixture. The blue and black circles correspond to the experimental vapor pressure data of pure THF61 and pure CO2, 62−67 respectively, and red squares68,69 to the experimental gas−liquid critical line. The continuous black and blue curves are the SAFT VR calculations for the vapor pressures, and the dotted and dashed red curves are the predictions from SAFT VR, in conjunction with the Berthelot rule, for the critical line using ξ12 = 1 and ξ12 = 0.95, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-px-and-b-tx-slices-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-3kws1mea.png Figure 10. (a) Px and (b) Tx slices of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + H2O(2). The symbols are the experimental data taken from the literature and curves are the predictions from SAFT VR using the set B of intermolecular potential model parameters at (a) 323.15 (blue circles22 and continuous blue curve) and 343.15 K (red squares22 and red dashed curve); (b) 0.04 (black circles89 and continuous black curve), 0.0533 (red squares89 and red dotted curve), 0.067 (green diamonds89 and green dashed curve), 0.08 (blue up triangles89 and blue dot dashed curve), 0.093 (magenta left triangles89 and magenta long dashed curve), and 0.1013 MPa (orange triangle down,89 orange triangle right,92 and orange plus,93 and orange dot long dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tx-closed-loops-regions-of-liquid-liquid-2nzo6d9y.png Figure 9. Tx closed loops regions of liquid−liquid immiscibility for the THF(1) + H2O(2) binary mixture. The symbols and curves correspond to experimental data taken from the literature23,24,47 and SAFT VR estimations using set B of molecular parameters, respectively, at pressures equal to 0.1 (black circles), 0.5 (red squares and continuous red curve), 3 (green diamonds and dashed green curve), and 6 MPa (orange triangles). The magenta star corresponds to the experimental hypercritical point at 24.7 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pt-projection-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-thf-1-uuasxufm.png Figure 3. PT projection of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + CH4(2) binary mixture. The circles correspond to the experimental vapor pressure data of pure THF61 and pure CH4. 78 The continuous blue curves are the SAFT VR predictions for vapor pressures, the dotted and dashed red curves are the theoretical predictions for the critical lines using ξ12 = 1 and 0.95, respectively, and the dashed and dotted green curves are the LLV three phase lines predicted using ξ12 = 1 and 0.95, respectively. The inset shows the region close to the critical point of pure CH4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-px-slices-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-thf-1-co2-2-2qhaf26z.png Figure 2. Px slices of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + CO2(2) binary mixture at (a) 298.15, (b) 311, (c) 316, (d) 321, (e) 331, and (f) 353 K. The dashed and continuous curves represent SAFT VR estimations using ξ12 = 1 and ξ12 = 0.95, respectively, and the symbols represent the experimental data taken from literature.68,75−77 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-px-slices-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-thf-1-ch4-2-3dkz8w30.png Figure 4. Px slices of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + CH4(2) binary mixture as obtained from the SAFT VR approach at (a) temperatures, from top to bottom of the relative maxima of the curves, 260, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 K, and (b) at 170 K. In all cases, only the Lorentz−Berthelot combining rule for the unlike dispersive interaction is used (ξ12 = 1.0) . The inset of part (b) shows the region close to the three phase line in the methane rich liquid phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tx-slices-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-thf-1-ch4-2-vab3ef66.png Figure 5. Tx slices of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + CH4(2) binary mixture, as obtained from the SAFT VR approach at (a) pressures, from top to bottom of the relative maximum of the curves, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 75 MPa, and (b) at 2.427 MPa. In all cases, only the Lorentz−Berthelot combining rule for the unlike dispersive interaction is used (ξ12 = 1.0) . The inset of part (b) shows the region close to the three phase line in the methane rich liquid phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-tx-slices-of-the-phase-diagram-for-the-thf-1-h2o-2-19rglatk.png Figure 11. Tx slices of the phase diagram for the THF(1) + H2O(2). The symbols are the experimental data taken from the literature and curves are the predictions from SAFT VR using the set B of intermolecular potential model parameters at low pressures (vapor− liquid equilibria), 0.04 (black squares89 and black continuous curve), 0.0533 (red squares89 and red continuous curve), 0.067 (green squares89 and green continuous curve), 0.08 (blue squares89 and blue continuous curve), 0.093 (light blue squares89 and light blue curve), and 0.1013 MPa (magenta up triangles,89 magenta squares,92 magenta diamonds,93 and magenta continuous curve), and at high pressures (liquid−liquid closed loops), 0.1 (black circles), 0.5 (blue circles and continuous blue curve), 3 (red circles and red curve), and 6 MPa (green circles). The magenta circle corresponds to the experimental hypercritical point at 24.7 MPa. Experimental data have been taken from literature.23,24,47 https://scispace.com/papers/understorey-changes-after-an-extreme-drought-event-are-2ah7uwwk6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-understorey-cover-species-richness-sr-shannon-index-9hxrmwk8.png Table 2 Understorey cover, Species Richness (SR), Shannon Index (H’) and Evenness (J) in May 2012 and 2018. Mean values ± CI are given for the groups of plots based on tree species richness and focal tree species (significance level: *p < 0.05, **<p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-understorey-species-only-recorded-in-the-3volb3er.png Table 3 Number of understorey species only recorded in the first (2012) and second survey (2018) in the four tree species richness levels, and in the five groups of plots based on presence of focal tree species, with relative variation (Δ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-ground-cover-variations-of-the-15-understorey-13qj1asf.png Fig. 3. Average ground cover variations (%) of the 15 understorey species most abundant in 2012, separately for monospecific (A) and mixed plots (B). N is the species frequency in the plots. Red and green arrows indicate negative and positive variations, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-study-area-with-the-forest-areas-where-the-36-plots-101oxgvw.png Fig. 1. (A) Study area with the forest areas where the 36 plots are localized; (B) understorey survey in three 5 × 5 m quadrats within each 30 × 30 m plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-average-monthly-temperature-c-and-b-precipitation-in-1o6jwz77.png Fig. 2. (A) Average monthly temperature (◦C), and (B) precipitation (in cumulative mm) in two sites close to the two main clusters of forest plots analyzed in this study (southern cluster: Belagaio; northern cluster: Tatti); these sites correspond to the Agri4Cast Grid no. 67,113 and 68112, respectively. Black line represents the year 2017, the grey buffer represents the average (first and last decile) of the previous 30 years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-showing-36chyo30.png Fig. 4. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling showing understorey 2012–2018 compositional shifts in: (A) whole group of 36 plots; (B) Q. ilex plots (stress = 0.19, non-metric fit = 0.964, linear fit = 0.827); (C) C. sativa plots (stress = 0.21, non-metric fit = 0.955, linear fit = 0.794); (D) Q. petraea plots (stress = 0.18, non-metric fit = 0.967, linear fit = 0.839); (E) O. carpinifolia plots (stress = 0.14, non-metric fit = 0.98, linear fit = 0.919); (F) Q. cerris plots (stress 0.21, non-metric fit = 0.953; linear fit = 0.757). pperm indicates the significance of the temporal shift, based on PERMANOVA; pdisp indicates the significance of the dispersion effect within each group of plots (e.g. year). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-showing-2012-2018-3arjdjte.png Fig. 5. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling showing 2012–2018 understorey compositional shifts separately for monospecific plots (A) and mixed plots (B); pperm indicates the significance of the temporal shift, based on PERMANOVA; pdisp indicates the significance of the dispersion effect within each group of plot (e.g. year). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-shifts-of-mixed-and-monospecific-plots-in-the-bi-1upj9p4y.png Fig. 6. Shifts of mixed and monospecific plots in the bi-dimensional space of (A) L-H, and (B) L-T, based on mean Ellenberg values weighted by herbaceous species cover. Arrows show the direction of the shift from 2012 to 2018. https://scispace.com/papers/unexpected-mode-of-plastic-deformation-in-cu-damascene-lines-khwzh9n1kc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cu-electromigration-test-structure-figure-2-grain-yv1q36fq.png Figure 1. Cu electromigration test structure. Figure 2. Grain map of a wide passivated Cu line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grain-rotation-with-no-peak-broadening-observed-in-2x7eleu6.png Figure 4. Grain rotation with no peak broadening observed in the EM of Cu narrow line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-texture-of-electroplated-cu-narrow-line-1k4z3dtq.png Figure 5. Texture of electroplated Cu narrow line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-broadening-of-a-laue-peak-of-a-large-single-grain-k9v8c2mp.png Figure 3. Broadening of a Laue peak of a large single grain near the anode end of the Cu line. https://scispace.com/papers/unexpected-removal-of-the-most-neutral-cationic-4nmvp9ignd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acid-dissociation-constant-pka-a-octanol-water-tlo1q8y3.png Table 2: Acid dissociation constant (pKa) a, octanol-water solubility co-efficient (log Kow) a and octanol-water distribution co-efficient (log Dow) data for chloroquine, quinine, levamisole and fluphenazine. Calculated extent of pharmaceutical ionisation is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-information-on-the-compounds-studied-1wep0vtx.png Table 1: Structural information on the compounds studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-concentrations-of-a-fluphenazine-b-quinine-and-c-2by56f6e.png Figure 2: Concentrations of (a) fluphenazine, (b) quinine and (c) chloroquine in each microcosm at days 0 and 21. 1, t = day 0; 2, t = day 21 abiotic control; 3, t = day 21 bacterioplankton plus pharmaceutical. Error bars represent ± 1σ of the results from duplicate incubations with each sample analysed five times (n = 10). Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were not significantly different after 21 days under the different incubation conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-concentrations-of-levamisole-ammonium-nitrate-10mco29c.png Figure 1: (a) Concentrations of levamisole, ammonium, nitrate+nitrite and orthophosphate in each microcosm at days 0 and 21. 1, t = day 0; 2, t = day 21 abiotic control; 3, t = day 21 bacterio-plankton + levamisole; 4, t = day 21 bacterio-plankton + levamisole + labile organic matter. Error bars represent ± 1σ of the results from duplicate incubations with each sample analysed 3–5 times (n = 6–10). < LoD, lower than limit of detection. Concentrations of levamisole were reduced by 19 and 13 % in incubations 3 and 4, respectively. (b) Ion chromatograms (relative abundance of ion (%) vs. m/z) of levamisole in solution in a standard (left panel) and at day 21 (right panel). The horizontal bar shows the range in m/z values of possible transformation products predicted by the EAWAG Biocatalysis and Biodegradation Database. https://scispace.com/papers/unexplored-steiner-ratios-in-geometric-networks-1pn2b6ivvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-the-graph-gm-p-t-right-the-graph-st-including-the-i6eqvh5t.png Fig. 2. Left: the graph Gm(P, t). Right: the graph ST (including the point set S) as defined in the proof of Claim 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tree-t-depicted-in-dashed-lines-as-defined-for-1kwk46qz.png Fig. 4. The tree T ′ depicted in dashed lines as defined for degree 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-tree-t-depicted-in-dashed-lines-as-defined-for-2m5e7q2w.png Fig. 1. The tree T ′ depicted in dashed lines as defined for degree 3 of s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-trees-t-depicted-in-dashed-lines-as-defined-for-10nkyhig.png Fig. 5. The trees T ′ depicted in dashed lines as defined for degree 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-graph-gm-p-t-is-depicted-in-black-and-st-is-3qi2q8as.png Fig. 3. The graph Gm(P, t) is depicted in black, and ST is depicted in gray, as defined in the proof of Lemma 5. Fig.(a) illustrates the graphs as defined for 2 ≤ t ≤ 4.1. The dashed lines represent the possible locations for the points in P . Figures (b) and (c) illustrate the graphs as defined for 4.1 < t ≤ 6.3 and t > 6.3, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/unified-out-of-band-emission-reduction-with-linear-ozmmth1im6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-ddcs-and-fdcs-allocation-2y7ui9s8.png Fig. 1. Example of DDCS and FDCS allocation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-psds-of-proposed-method-using-both-fdcss-and-ddcss-l-4-n2z6ncil.png Fig. 4. PSDs of proposed method using both FDCSs and DDCSs (L = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-paprs-of-proposed-method-using-both-fdcss-and-ddcss-l-39r1dbby.png Fig. 5. PAPRs of proposed method using both FDCSs and DDCSs (L = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-paprs-of-various-oobe-reduction-methods-ol-or-1-20n6vrlc.png Fig. 3. PAPRs of various OOBE reduction methods (ωL = ωR = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-psds-of-various-oobe-reduction-methods-ol-or-1-19smhca7.png Fig. 2. PSDs of various OOBE reduction methods (ωL = ωR = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/uniform-in-time-convergence-of-numerical-schemes-for-39cx861fg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-first-mesh-and-approximate-solution-u-at-time-0-5-1n77h0ap.png Figure 2: First mesh and approximate solution u at time 0.5 for the Stefan problem on the third mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-ks-1vtpugme.png Figure 1: Definition of Ks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-and-numerical-results-for-stefan-and-richards-3kbv43c3.png Table 1: Data and numerical results for Stefan and Richards problems. https://scispace.com/papers/uniform-vs-non-uniform-scaling-of-shooter-games-on-large-2zp64rav19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lab-setup-showing-the-relative-position-of-the-couch-3qcwdzlm.png Fig. 6. Lab setup showing the relative position of the couch and TV, while a participant plays the shooter game. Inset: The Wii-U Pro Controller used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-enemy-kill-ratio-for-each-condition-nu-is-non-2j0nb2ud.png Fig. 8. Average enemy kill ratio for each condition. NU is non-uniform scaling and U is uniform scaling. Error bars show ±1 SE. Dashed lines show linear regression model for each scale type. Higher scores are better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-longest-life-duration-by-scale-factor-and-scale-type-2cmkkbr6.png Fig. 7. Longest life duration by scale factor and scale type. NU is nonuniform scaling and U is uniform scaling. Error bars show ±1 SE. Dashed lines show linear regression model for each scale type. Higher scores are better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-average-player-hits-per-trial-for-each-condition-nu-is-3sbbunwe.png Fig. 9. Average player hits per trial for each condition. NU is non-uniform scaling and U is uniform scaling. Error bars show ±1 SE. Dashed lines show power model for each scale type. Lower scores are better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-perceived-difficulty-of-conditions-relative-to-medium-21i82o7v.png Fig. 10. Perceived difficulty of conditions relative to medium scale, by condition. From top to bottom, NU scaling with smaller scale factors, then larger scale factors. Then, U scaling with smaller scale factors, then larger scale factors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fps-game-using-non-uniform-scaling-equivalent-to-hueksq9e.png Fig. 3. A FPS game using non-uniform scaling (equivalent to field-of-view). Dashed box shows the smaller display size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hypothetical-platformer-game-subject-to-non-uniform-1zt87vm8.png Fig. 2. A (hypothetical) platformer game subject to non-uniform scaling. The dashed box represents the smaller display size, while the full figure represents the larger display size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-participant-game-playing-experience-for-each-of-a-69u9oy2e.png Fig. 4. Participant game playing experience for each of (a) computer games played with mouse/keyboard, (b) console games played with a game controller, and (c) mobile games played with a tablet or smartphone. https://scispace.com/papers/unintentional-climate-policy-swedish-experiences-of-carbon-2lbla6px1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-of-sectors-1ujs73rt.png Table 2: Classification of sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sources-for-the-time-series-of-gdp-va-and-co2-23bo38m0.png Table 3: Sources for the time series of GDP, VA, and CO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-annual-contribution-to-the-carbon-dioxide-26l1tx5m.png Figure 4: Average annual contribution to the carbon dioxide intensity by sector and sub-period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contribution-to-changes-in-carbon-dioxide-intensity-3mna3z3r.png Figure 2: Contribution to changes in carbon dioxide intensity by component and sub-period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-national-carbon-dioxide-emissions-gdp-and-carbon-n55mtvdi.png Figure 1: National carbon dioxide emissions, GDP and carbon dioxide intensity (index 1970=100). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-annual-contribution-to-the-within-effect-by-20wkfo66.png Figure 3: Average annual contribution to the within effect by component and sub-period https://scispace.com/papers/union-use-of-social-media-a-study-of-the-university-and-5fnk44ygsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tweets-by-category-and-tweet-type-source-authors-v5y606ez.png Table 3: Tweets by category and tweet type (source: authors) Category Tweet Type N % of Category N % of Total Tweets https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-follower-categories-source-authors-follower-category-2i0cpkz3.png Table 6: Follower Categories (source: authors) Follower Category N % UCU Members/Officials 52 0.42 UCU Branches/Committees 99 0.80 Academic/Academic Related Staff (incl. Doctoral Students) 2,279 18.53 Students (excl. Doctoral) 417 3.39 Student Organisations 477 3.88 Trade Union Related (nonUCU) 870 7.07 Press (non-student) 288 2.34 Politician/Councillor 211 1.72 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tweet-types-for-strike-and-non-strike-periods-202rp6xq.png Table 5: Tweet types for strike and non-strike periods overall (source: authors) Category Tweet Type n % of Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-original-tweets-and-mobilisation-theory-source-3uzcktoh.png Table 2 – Original tweets and mobilisation theory (source: authors) https://scispace.com/papers/unique-reversible-crystal-to-crystal-phase-transition-4vl485rkmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-ray-scattering-image-of-di-hth2bt-dtctt-in-the-a-2i1tf5pm.png Fig. 6 X-ray scattering image of di(HTh2BT)DTCTT in the (a) small angle regime, and (b) wide angle regime in color map at different temperatures. Scattering patterns were recorded by changing temperatures in a cycle of heating from 25 °C to 230 °C (before the melting temperature) and cooling at 230 °C to 25 °C with a 5 °C step. Sample was prepared by melting before slow cooling at rate of 10 °C/min. The intensity is depicted with color bar in logarithmic scale on each regime. Note the small discontinuity in the peak positions at the L to H1 transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-intensity-vs-2th-plot-of-swaxs-data-of-di-hth2bt-2qavm62q.png Fig. 11 Intensity vs 2θ plot of SWAXS data of di(HTh2BT)DTCTT at different temperatures. The calculated peak positions with each space group are shown as black lines. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-dynamical-properties-of-three-mode-fabry-perot-492i4poxaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-in-figure-3-but-forg2-g3-0-9-3dlqf0ns.png Figure 5. Same as in figure 3 but forγ2 = γ3 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2pd-l-l-is-indicated-near-the-curve-as-a-function-1fxr69dj.png Figure 1. 2πδ l (l is indicated near the curve) as a function ofw − w3 for (a) γ1 = γ2 = γ3, (b) γ1 > γ2 = γ3 = 0.9, (c) γ1 = γ2 > γ3 = 0.9 and (d) γ1 > γ2 = 0.9> γ3 = 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-values-of-the-gain-and-the-pump-rate-for-which-3bpvvdbx.png Figure 2. Values of the gain and the pump rate for which resonance phenomena are expected. (a) γ1 > γ2 = γ3. Full curves represent 1/ 2 = n and broken curves represent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proposed-distribution-of-the-relative-phase-of-2yotebuq.png Table 1. Proposed distribution of the relative phase of oscillations of the modal intensities for lasers with non-degenerate modal gains operating in anN -mode regime together with their dynamics and kinds of self-organization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pump-dependent-eigenvector-componentsj1-j2-j3-andjt-1ffuwn74.png Figure 3. Pump-dependent eigenvector componentsJ1, J2, J3 andJT (labelled 1, 2, 3 and T, respectively) forγ2 = 0.9 andγ3 = 0.8 at (a) 1, (b) 2 and (c) 3. All the components are scaled toJT . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-spectra-for-modal-and-total-intensities-of-2q2rtlkw.png Figure 6. Power spectra for modal and total intensities of the free-running three-mode LNP laser driven by ‘white noise’ under the conditionγ1 ' γ2 > γ3. The relative pump power was w = 3. Vertical scale 10 dB/div. As for the total intensity, the input signal was attenuated by 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-in-figure-3-but-forg1-g2-g3-0-9-3in7gsfw.png Figure 4. Same as in figure 3 but forγ1 = γ2 > γ3 = 0.9. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-phase-shift-and-nonexponential-decay-of-driven-20zhj1zex9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-dot-current-after-an-rf-burst-of-950-ns-as-a-2igfdn7e.png FIG. 2. (a) Dot current after an rf burst of 950 ns as a function of Bac, approximately representing the steady-state value. The solid curve is the best fit with a1 12 2C2 : the steady-state expression of Eq. (4) with a1 and as fit parameters. We find, for the 95% confidence interval, g B 1:0–1:7 mT . (b) Decay power obtained from the best fit of the data (partially shown in Fig. 1) with the expression a1 a2 cos 2 t=a3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-rabi-oscillations-for-four-different-1la6vczy.png FIG. 1 (color online). Rabi oscillations for four different driving fields Bac [Bz 55 mT, g 0:355 and g B 1:4 mT ]. The gray circles represent the experimentally measured dot current (averaged over 15 s for each value of t), which reflects the probability to find an odd spin-parity state after the rf burst that generates Bac. The dotted, solid, and dashed lines represent the best fit to the data of an exponentially decaying cosine function and the derived analytical expressions for Podd t and P 1 odd t [Eqs. (4) and (7)], respectively. For clarity, the dashed line is shown only for the top two panels. The fit was carried out for the range 60 to 900 ns and the displayed values for Bac were obtained from the fit with Podd t [Eq. (4)]. We fit the data with an exponentially decaying cosine with a tunable phase shift that is zero at t 0: a1e t=a2 cos cos 2 t=a3 a4 1 e t=a2 . The last term was added such that the saturation value is a fit parameter as well. We note that the fit is best for =4, as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-a-the-dot-current-represented-in-color-scale-is-3eoczm6a.png FIG. 3 (color). (a) The dot current (represented in color scale) is displayed over a wide range of Bac (the sweep axis) and burst durations. The green and blue lines correspond, respectively, to the maxima of a cosine with and without a phase shift of =4. The current-to-field conversion factor K is fitted for both cases separately (K 0:568 mT=mA and K 0:60 mT=mA for, respectively, with and without phase shift; the fit range is t 60–500 ns and Is 3:6–6:3 mA). (b) Phase shift for a wide range of Bac, displayed as a function of stripline current Is. Values obtained from a fit of each trace of the data in (a) (varying burst time, constant Bac) to a damped cosine a1 a2 cos 12KIsg Bt a3 = t p , where a1;2;3 are fit parameters and K 0:568 mT=mA. Is is a known value in the experiment, extracted from the applied rf power. The gray dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/universalism-under-siege-exploring-the-association-between-33e7lrnpex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rgapre-and-generosity-of-benefit-levels-r-0-54-y05myvy9.png Figure 10 RGAPRE and generosity of benefit levels (r = 0.54) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rpre-and-generosity-of-benefit-levels-r-0-46-1id3trbu.png Figure 9 RPRE and generosity of benefit levels (r = 0.46) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-size-and-composition-of-the-child-benefit-3p2efm3y.png Figure 1 The size and composition of the child benefit package at various income positions (couple + 2 children, aged 7 and 14), 26 countries, 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rgapre-and-ti-r-0-37-267acw5j.png Figure 5 RGAPRE and TI (r = -0.37) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rpre-and-size-of-the-redistributive-budget-r-0-82-3bcwaf4k.png Figure 6 RPRE and size of the redistributive budget (r = 0.82) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rgapre-and-size-of-the-redistributive-budget-r-0-74-g8kfr8pm.png Figure 7 RGAPRE and size of the redistributive budget (r = 0.74) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rpre-and-ti-r-0-28-13ew2hwn.png Figure 4 RPRE and TI (r = -0.28) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-child-benefit-systems-26-european-jhv6gla7.png Table 1 Classification of child benefit systems, 26 European countries, 2009 https://scispace.com/papers/unpicking-antecedents-of-crm-adoption-a-two-stage-model-3352ltnn9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hypothesis-testing-cphttif5.png Table 2 Hypothesis Testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measure-validity-tests-and-construct-a978tzpn.png Table 1 Measure Validity Tests and Construct Intercorrelations https://scispace.com/papers/unplanned-urgent-and-emergency-care-what-are-the-roles-that-28eei2q9i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-grey-literature-included-in-the-1nh8mdj0.png Table 2: Summary of the grey literature included in the review https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-terms-used-in-the-systematic-search-13b0vxwx.png Table 1: Search terms used in the systematic search https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-academic-literature-included-in-the-3qq1kyrd.png Table 3: Summary of the academic literature included in the review https://scispace.com/papers/unraveling-molecular-interactions-in-a-phase-separating-5f0k05r16b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-fragments-selected-from-the-2figxven.png Table 1. Properties of the fragments selected from the sequence of NDDX4. Mean hydrophobicity is computed according to Kyte-Doolittle hydrophobicity scale46, <Ploc(i)> corresponds to the average value of the fragment from the MD simulations of NDDX4. https://scispace.com/papers/unravelling-the-role-of-mechanical-stimuli-in-regulating-3da7fr2r8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fe-model-and-boundary-conditions-for-the-3c0ruhyr.png Figure 2: FE model and boundary conditions for the osteochondral defect simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-a-3-dimensional-finite-element-with-corresponding-15xxhm5h.png Figure 3: (A) A 3-dimensional finite element with corresponding lattice. Each lattice point represents a potential location for a cell. (B) Tissue differentiation algorithm as directed by the local oxygen tension and substrate stiffness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-and-simulation-results-for-the-in-1f6hf90a.png Figure 5: Experimental and simulation results for the in vitro DC groups where chondrocyte hypertrophy was inhibited by the octahedral shear strain. (A; D) The spatial arrangement of calcific deposition (and chondrocyte hypertrophy) determined for the unconfined and confined groups after 21 days of DC. (B; E) The octahedral shear strain predicted by the unconfined and confined FE models at the day 0 of DC. (C; F) The predicted spatial arrangement of chondrocyte hypertrophy for the unconfined and confined in silico models after 21 days of DC for different values of εhypertrophy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-model-predictions-for-the-simulations-where-21hn6nrm.png Figure 8: Model Predictions for the simulations where εhypertrophy = 5 % and εfibrocartilage = 12.5 %. (A) The spatial pattern of bone formation within an osteochondral defect observed at different stages of the spontaneous repair process by Orth et al. 5. (B – D) The model predictions of the spatial pattern of (B) blood vessel growth, (C) oxygen tension, (D) cell differentiation and (E) tissue formation at different stages of the spontaneous repair process within an osteochondral defect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oxygen-parameters-for-each-cell-phenotype-2e9ao5cb.png Table 4: Oxygen parameters for each cell phenotype https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cell-model-parameters-1cfjqjrs.png Table 3: Cell Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-model-predictions-of-cell-differentiation-at-3p1i8bka.png Figure 7: Model predictions of cell differentiation at different times during the spontaneous repair of an osteochondral defect using the updated algorithm where chondrocyte hypertrophy was regulated by the oxygen tension and the octahedral shear strain (εhypertrophy= 5 %) and fibrocartilage could form based on the local octahedral shear strain. The parameter εfibrocartilage was varied between (E) 10 %, (F) 12.5 % and (G) 15 %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-and-simulation-results-for-the-in-37vkzq4f.png Figure 4: Experimental and simulation results for the In vitro FS groups. Alcian red staining was used to determine the spatial arrangement of calcific deposition (and chondrocyte hypertrophy) in the unconfined and confined groups following 21 days of FS culture. These were compared to the predicted spatial distribution of chondrocyte hypertrophy and oxygen tension from the unconfined and confined in silico models of the FS groups. https://scispace.com/papers/unstabilized-rammed-earth-characterization-of-material-2qmlbuat83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surveyed-documents-n0mukkbk.png Table 1 Surveyed documents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mineralogical-composition-of-the-six-rammed-earth-3sgj4zq9.png Table 2 Mineralogical composition of the six rammed earth materials determined by XRD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffractograms-the-peaks-in-those-difractograms-20olb9ay.png Fig. 2. X-ray diffractograms. The peaks in those difractograms correspond to each identified crystalline phase: Q - quartz; F- feldspar; M – mica/illite; Cl - chlorite; K - kaolinite; G - gypsium; Af - amphibol; H - hematite and Po - sample holder https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-for-liquid-limits-and-plasticity-index-for-12oguzss.png Table 4 Values for liquid limits and plasticity index for unstabilised rammed earth https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-the-linear-shrinkage-test-of-the-1dnotyi8.png Table 8 Results of the linear shrinkage test of the materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-correlation-between-the-amount-of-clay-and-the-linear-3ozdrefa.png Fig. 6. Correlation between the amount of clay and the linear shrinkage https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-hygroscopic-moisture-content-at-20oc-and-96-hr-and-1hl9h078.png Table 12 Hygroscopic moisture content (at 20ºC and 96% HR) and theoretical salt content of the materials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-psd-nomograms-showing-the-results-of-the-six-rammed-3kae69ms.png Fig. 5. PSD nomograms showing the results of the six rammed earth materials and recommended limits for the PSD https://scispace.com/papers/unsat-h-version-3-0-unsaturated-soil-water-and-heat-flow-4sxq67dt9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-root-mass-at-the-end-of-the-1974-growing-season-wnfpgcyu.png Figure 4.4. Root Mass at the End of the 1974 Growing Season for Cheatgrass and Bluebunch Wheatgrass Communities of the Hanford Site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-10-output-file-for-hysteresis-verification-13flhba3.png Figure B.10. Output File for Hysteresis Verification Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-parameter-dimensions-associated-with-unsat-h-3kaddn1r.png Figure 6.6. Parameter Dimensions Associated with UNSAT-H Version 3.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-input-file-for-sand-infiltration-simulation-2ee4daxn.png Figure B.2. Input File for Sand Infiltration Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-16-output-file-for-transpiration-simulation-2lmelxg4.png Figure B.16. Output File for Transpiration Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-cumulative-drainage-versus-time-as-determined-by-30j4uf0d.png Figure 7.2. Cumulative Drainage Versus Time as Determined by Kool et al. (1985) and UNSAT-H https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-8-output-file-for-heat-flow-verification-simulation-29g0tnp7.png Figure B.8. Output File for Heat Flow Verification Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-subroutines-in-datainh-prc62fez.png Table 6.3. Subroutines in DATAINH https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-domain-adaptation-for-automatic-estimation-of-58r5l050pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-the-unsupervised-domain-adaptation-of-1du1ql20.png Table 1: Results for the unsupervised domain adaptation of CTR estimation experiments. APE denotes average percentage error, MAE denotes mean absolute error, and RMSE denotes root mean square error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-segmentation-results-for-the-jsrt-dataset-when-using-n2v8evxb.png Fig. 2: Segmentation results for the JSRT dataset when using semi-supervised training with 75% of the labeled training data held-out. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-semi-supervised-segmentation-22t0eujy.png Table 2: Results for the semi-supervised segmentation experiments. IoU denotes the Intersection over Union. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visualization-of-the-segmentation-and-key-point-3tii4h3a.png Fig. 4: Visualization of the segmentation and key point results for the Wingspan dataset for our proposed domain adaptation method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-segmentation-results-for-our-domain-adaptation-method-o76c5h6q.png Fig. 1: Segmentation results for our domain adaptation method on the Wingspan target domain dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-images-of-the-two-datasets-the-three-images-in-3nzc8ekx.png Fig. 3: Example images of the two datasets. The three images in the top row correspond to examples of the JSRT dataset, overlaid with the segmentation annotation. The three images in the second row originate from the Wingspan dataset overlaid with the key points for the CTR calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/unstructured-hexahedral-mesh-generation-of-complex-vascular-3oi7eof1lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-geometrical-model-of-the-aortic-arch-with-aortic-9rypr2ew.png Figure 8: (a) Geometrical model of the aortic arch with aortic coarctation (red), including the boundary conditions for the fluid domain and the cross sectional regions (p1, p2, coa, d1, d2, d3, desc) in which the convergence was analyzed numerically (see Table 2). (b) Pressure along the centerline at peak systole for increasing mesh densities (R1 to R4) and a grid with a local refinement at the coarctation region and a gradual coarsening towards the descending aorta (R5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-maximum-values-of-the-pressure-velocity-and-j1glfwgu.png Table 1: Mean and maximum values of the pressure, velocity and the wall shear stress error variables for different grid densities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grid-refinement-study-of-the-pressure-in-an-fsi-fjhzzulg.png Table 2: Grid refinement study of the pressure in an FSI model of aortic coarctation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-change-in-enclosed-surface-area-in-function-of-bnf02zn6.png Figure 4: (a) Change in enclosed surface area in function of the wall shear stress for hexahedral grids with different mesh densities. (b) Contour plot of the wall shear stress (right) and iso-contours (left) at the trifurcation region (for the peak in wall shear stress change at 10.8Pa and for different mesh densities) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-radially-compressed-interface-and-boundary-layer-2ja25gaj.png Figure 3: (a) Radially compressed interface and boundary layer region (coloured by thickness). (b) Final fluid mesh with a two-dimensional view of the inlet before (left) and after (right) smoothing. (Section 2.2.3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-velocity-along-the-centerline-of-the-2dq9fdcx.png Figure 5: (a) The velocity along the centerline of the abdominal mouse aorta for hexahedral grids with different mesh densities and (b) compared to tetrahedral grids with different mesh densities. (0.1mm between the data points) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-geometry-of-an-abdominal-mouse-aorta-with-sxx3jhf4.png Figure 6: (a) Geometry of an abdominal mouse aorta (with aneurysm), including the branch labels (coloured by parent vessel order: i). (b) Schematic representation of the branching topology as defined in Section 2.1.1 (top) and after adaptation (bottom). (c) Multi-block structure with an adapted branch connection block comprising the aneurysm and trifurcation region (blue). (d) Detailed views of the generated fluid mesh (top, middle) and the corresponding equiangle skewness distribution (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-mesh-for-the-fluid-domain-blue-and-the-arterial-1piz9i22.png Figure 7: (a) Mesh for the fluid domain (blue) and the arterial wall (red) of an aortic arch with aortic coarctation. The lower left box demonstrates the quality improvement of the solid mesh. Note the axial coarsening towards the descending aorta (R5). (b) and (c) The cross sectional grids of the fluid mesh at the coarcation (coa) and the descending aorta (desc), which result from multi-block structures R4 (uniform grid refinement) and R5 (local grid refinement). https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-modeling-of-partially-observable-environments-3wdkhorrbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tnt-learning-parameters-2tvwm5x9.png Table 1. TNT learning parameters: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observation-disambiguation-for-a-variance-of-2kq4ku05.png Table 2. Observation disambiguation: For a variance of Gaussian noise relative to the maze cell width, the percentage of ambiguous observations is shown on the first line. A SOM can, at best, achieve the same performance. The second line shows the percentage of observations correctly classified by the T2HSOM (single recurrent connection). The third line shows the percentage of observations correctly classified by the TNT when the actions are deterministic, γ = 1. The last lines gives the performance of the TNT when the actions are stochastic, γ = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observation-disambiguation-for-larger-mazes-2t47edvs.png Table 3. Observation disambiguation for larger mazes: Percentage of observations assigned to correct states in stochastic setting, γ = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plasticity-a-when-the-bmu-is-young-it-strongly-affects-o9q7uyf6.png Fig. 2. Plasticity: (a) when the BMU is young, it strongly affects training of a large perimeter in the network grid. The nodes within are dragged towards the target (×), the old nodes are stable due to their low learning rate. (b) when the BMU is old, a small neighborhood of nodes is weakly trained. In well-known parts of the environment new nodes tend not be recruited for representation, while in new parts the young nodes, and their neighbors are quickly recruited for representation, while the older nodes are left in place. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-trouble-with-stochastic-actions-the-go-right-3lp5z3d4.png Fig. 4. The trouble with stochastic actions: The “go right” action can transition to 4 possible states. Noisy observations coupled with stochastic actions can make it impossible to discern the true state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-5x-5-maze-experiment-a-two-dimensional-maze-with-1120ghbl.png Fig. 3. 5× 5 maze experiment: (a) two dimensional maze with randomly placed walls, (b) noisy observations of a random walk (σ = 1/3 cell width), (c) trained TNT. Disks depict the location of the prototype vectors, arrows represent the learned transitions, and dots represent transitions to the same state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-t2hsom-learning-rules-the-bmu-nodes-are-depicted-with-uo5ro3pg.png Fig. 1. T2HSOM learning rules: The BMU nodes are depicted with filled circles. (a) excitation of temporal connections from the previous BMU to the current BMU and its neighbors, (b) inhibition of temporal connections from all nodes, excluding the previous BMU, to the current BMU and its neighbors, (c) inhibition of temporal connections from the previous BMU to all nodes outside some neighborhood of the current BMU. The connections are modified using the values of a neighborhood function (Gaussian given by σT ), a cut-off (νT ), and a learning rate (αT ). Figure adapted from [2]. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-learning-of-threshold-for-geometric-3gwtdbrjul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-an-example-distribution-of-the-all-the-inlier-count-35tq3ukr.png Fig. 1. (a) An example distribution of the all the inlier count from the geometric verifications. (b) Two components Log-Normal mixture model and geometric verification threshold learned from the inlier counts. (c) GPS/INS ground truth distribution of the loop-closure and non loop-closure inlier counts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-from-the-carpark-dataset-a-pose-graph-from-1xtjexpf.png Fig. 8. Results from the Carpark dataset. (a) Pose-graph from wheel odometry trajectory (red) with all the detected loop-closures (green). (b) Pose-graph from wheel odometry (red) with the loop-closures (green) after applying the geometric verification threshold learned from our algorithm. (c) Final result after pose-graph optimization(red) compared with the INS/GPS ground truth (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-new-college-dataset-with-a-stereo-camera-a-1iy9xd7j.png Fig. 9. New College dataset with a stereo camera. (a) Distribution of the all the inlier counts from the geometric verifications. (b) Two components Log-Normal mixture model and geometric verification threshold learned from the inlier counts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-model-representing-the-threshold-learning-3p7ive3p.png Fig. 2. Graphical model representing the threshold learning problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-results-from-the-degenerated-dataset-a-pose-graph-3cggnmb1.png Fig. 11. Results from the Degenerated dataset. (a) Pose-graph from wheel odometry trajectory (red) with all the detected loop-closures (green). (b) Pose-graph from wheel odometry (red) with the loop-closures (green) after applying the geometric verification threshold learned from our algorithm. (c) Wrong convergence after pose-graph optimization(red) compared with the ground truth (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-kh2-test-results-for-the-datasets-1diy2vfm.png TABLE I χ2 TEST RESULTS FOR THE DATASETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-from-the-new-college-dataset-a-pose-graph-30olh548.png Fig. 10. Results from the New College Dataset. (a) Pose-graph from visual odometry trajectory (red) with all the detected loop-closures (green). (b) Pose-graph from visual odometry (red) with the loop-closures (green) after applying the geometric verification threshold learned from our algorithm. (c) Final result after pose-graph optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-initial-two-components-log-normal-mixture-distribution-1hmg7g9v.png Fig. 3. Initial two components Log-Normal mixture distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-the-molecular-basis-of-disease-co-occurrence-3eukrtomry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phenotypic-disease-network-diseases-molecular-1yde6sa6.png Figure 3. Phenotypic Disease Network - Diseases’ Molecular Similarity Network overlap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-disease-perception-portal-through-this-user-3r6eiuw6.png Figure 6. The Disease PERCEPTION portal. Through this user-friendly and programmatically accessible portal, the user can visualize comorbidity relations at the disease and patient-subgroup levels. Moreover, users can extract patient-subgroup information, filtering by subgroup size, intra-subgroup connectivity, as well as by shared drugs and/or genes. Genes and drugs in the networks are hyperlinked to databases, facilitating an interactive exploration of the molecular basis of each connection. A) Disease network view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-size-4-patient-subgroups-with-shared-genes-a-and-32quj178.png Figure 5. Size 4 patient-subgroups with shared genes (a) and drugs (b & c). A) Each node represents a patient-subgroup, colored based on the disease-group they belong to. Solid and dashed lines represent positive and negative relative risk interactions. Blue, red and grey colored interactions represent interactions matching, opposing and not previously described in epidemiological data respectively. B & C) Circle and diamond nodes represent patientsubgroups and drugs respectively. Blue and red colored edges represent positive and negative interactions respectively. Solid lines denote relative risk interactions while dashed lines denote subgroup-drug interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-of-the-overall-study-starting-from-the-1lxugtuw.png Figure 1. Workflow of the overall study, starting from the differential gene expression analysis, moving to the patient similarity network and the generation of the disease similarity and the stratified comorbidity networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intra-disease-patient-patient-interaction-network-m4vkvcdr.png Figure 4. Intra-disease patient-patient interaction network and associated disease heterogeneity. A) Intra-disease patient-patient interaction network. Each node represents a patient. Green and red edges represent positive and negative interactions respectively. Nodes are colored based on the disease-group they belong to. Organic layout was used to represent the network 51. B) Patients’ intra- vs. inter-disease interaction percentages. Number of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-disease-disease-interaction-network-and-stratified-3u4xa12y.png Figure 2. Disease-disease interaction network and Stratified Comorbidity Network. A) Heatmap of the disease-disease relative risk interactions. Blue and red squares represent positive and negative relative risks respectively. Intensity of the interactions denote the relative risk values. Relative risk interactions’ directions go from rows to columns. Diseases are colored based on the disease-group they belong to. B) Heatmap of the interactions between NSCLC and Alzheimer’s disease patient-subgroup with at least 4 patients. Blue and red squares represent positive and negative relative risks respectively. C) Heatmap of the interactions between NSCLC and Alzheimer’s disease patient-subgroup with at least 4 patients with at least one drug associated in the same direction to all the patients within the same subgroup. Blue and red squares represent respectively positive and negative relative risks with shared drugs in the correct direction (at least a drug is associated in the same https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-the-underprintings-of-a-late-fifteenth-early-2vnfksantr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-close-up-details-and-comparative-results-of-the-2jvr3oai.png Table 2 Close-up details and comparative results of the pigments used to produce white, blue and gildings in the Adoration of the Magi (f.11), the Pietà (f.47v) and the Pentecost (f.65v). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-infrared-spectrum-of-a-red-paint-micro-sample-from-f-1d077d6b.png Fig. 7. Infrared spectrum of a red paint micro-sample from f.11, evidencing the characteristic absorption bands of a polysaccharide binder (*) and chalk (**) as extender. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-followed-on-the-physical-chemical-2a3ruvh6.png Fig. 1. Experimental design followed on the physical-chemical analysis of the Adoration of the Magi (Inc.438, f.11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-signs-of-underprintings-at-the-adoration-of-the-magi-2jqpv86r.png Fig. 8. Signs of underprintings at the Adoration of the Magi (Inc. 438, f.11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-adoration-of-the-magi-a-digital-reconstruction-of-2eag396m.png Fig. 10. The Adoration of the Magi: a: digital reconstruction of the underprintings of the Adoration of the Magi in Inc. 438, f.11; b: printed illustration in a Book of Hours, use of Rome. Paris, c. 1532 [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-adoration-of-the-magi-inc-438-f-11-a-visible-image-2uf68rw3.png Fig. 9. The Adoration of the Magi (Inc. 438, f.11): a: visible image; b: infrared reflectography; c: digital reconstruction of the underprintings of the Adoration of the Magi. Photo ©HERCULES Lab and BPE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-close-up-images-of-the-selected-painted-illustrations-x23h1t9a.png Fig. 3. Close-up images of the selected painted illustrations from Inc.438, representative of different sizes and painting techniques present in the incunabulum: a: the Adoration of the Magi (f.11); b: the Pietà (f.47v) and; c: the Pentecost (f.65v). Black marks represent the spots where material characterization was performed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-full-size-images-of-the-selected-folia-from-inc-438-144be2oq.png Fig. 2. Full-size images of the selected folia from Inc.438 (170 × 103 cm). From left to right, the Adoration of the Magi (f.11), the Pietà (f.47v) and the Pentecost (f.65v). Photo ©HERCULES Lab and BPE. https://scispace.com/papers/updates-on-hrf-payloads-operations-in-columbus-atcs-3uck3sbaqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-express-rack-8-2gxpro33.png Figure 1. EXPRESS Rack 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-er8-test-data-with-crs6-and-sfca-at-6-1-psi-cases-b-3nm5ifqh.png Figure 5. ER8 test data with CRS6 and SFCA at 6.1 PSI (Cases B+C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hrf1-activation-with-crs5-2fp2vx03.png Figure 6. – HRF1 Activation with CRS5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-er8-and-prcu-test-set-up-functional-layout-1u42dsae.png Figure 2. ER8 and PRCU test set-up functional layout https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hrf1-activation-with-crs6-e3ofvwy1.png Figure 7. - HRF1 Activation with CRS6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-er8-prcu-tests-cases-32tcj7v4.png Table 1. ER8-PRCU Tests Cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-er8-prcu-with-crs5-test-data-1r2uimh0.png Figure 3. ER8-PRCU with CRS5 test data https://scispace.com/papers/unwinding-ariadne-s-identity-thread-privacy-risks-with-5dbb0944oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-worklow-of-our-identity-exposure-tool-3egi1cmj.png Figure 1: The worklow of our identity-exposure tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-a-users-customised-taxonomy-2gl5buu7.png Figure 2: An example of a user’s customised taxonomy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-iltered-data-and-the-clariication-of-1r45s89v.png Figure 4: An example of iltered data and the clariication of a risk based on a user’s request https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-excerpt-of-identiied-inferences-and-risks-1vnloouk.png Figure 3: Excerpt of identiied inferences and risks https://scispace.com/papers/upper-and-lower-tight-error-bounds-for-feature-omission-with-1gccnmveel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-for-a-string-classifier-and-context-1sg4pfzk.png Fig. 8. Simulation results for a string classifier and context reduction with C = 3 classes, |X| = 6 observations, and sequence length N = 3. The accuracy and Gini difference was calculated at position i = 2. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-results-for-a-string-classifier-and-context-2cl6o29f.png Fig. 7. Simulation results for a string classifier and context reduction with C = 5 classes, |X| = 10 observations, and sequence length N = 3. The accuracy and Gini difference was calculated at position i = 2. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-results-for-a-string-classifier-and-context-3dt5tqp9.png Fig. 9. Simulation results for a string classifier and context reduction with C = 8 classes, |X| = 9 observations, and sequence length N = 5. The accuracy and Gini difference was calculated at position i = 3. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-simulation-approach-proposed-here-to-1sh9mp4l.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the simulation approach proposed here to support the discovery of novel error bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-results-for-feature-reduction-with-c-3-2g6fsd1c.png Fig. 3. Simulation results for feature reduction with C = 3 classes and |X| = 2 observations. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. Note that in this case we have |X| < C, which does not fulfil the requirements for the tightness of the upper, and mid- and right section of the lower bound. This is confirmed by the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-for-feature-reduction-with-c-8-2t7s4nd0.png Fig. 2. Simulation results for feature reduction with C = 8 classes and |X| = 16 observations. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-results-for-feature-reduction-with-c-2-iv11wz7p.png Fig. 4. Simulation results for feature reduction with C = 2 classes and |X| = 2 observations. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. Note that in this case we have |X| = C, which does not fulfil the requirements for the tightness of the mid-section of the lower bound. This is confirmed by the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulation-results-for-a-string-classifier-and-both-1ahxbg70.png Fig. 11. Simulation results for a string classifier and both feature and context reduction with C = 3 classes, |X| = 6 observations, and sequence length N = 3. The accuracy and Gini difference was calculated at position i = 2. Each gray dot represents one simulated distribution. Also, the derived analytic tight upper and lower bounds are shown as lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/upper-critical-fields-well-above-100-t-for-the-sri44v5o46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-inductive-critical-current-density-jc-versus-b-from-5-2ihmou4x.png FIG. 10. Inductive critical current density Jc versus B from 5 to 40 K. Jc has been determined for R =10 m left axis and R =0.1 m right axis , the current carrying length scale within the sample being not measured yet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-fe-sem-image-showing-grain-sizes-varying-between-pylvroux.png FIG. 9. a FE-SEM image showing grain sizes varying between less than 0.1 and 2–3 m. b Magnification of a submicrometric grain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-b-t-phase-diagram-for-smfeaso0-85f0-15-data-points-in-3qy1rqae.png FIG. 11. B-T phase diagram for SmFeAsO0.85F0.15. Data points in the Bc2 T curve were determined from specific-heat measurements. The irreversibility line and the Bpeak T line were extracted from magnetization measurements. The solid line is a fit Birr 1 − T /Tc 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-the-sample-with-z4lci5pv.png FIG. 1. a X-ray diffraction pattern for the sample with nominal composition SmFeAsO0.85F0.15; SmOF impurity phase is indicated with an asterisk. b Scanning electron microscope images for the SmFeAsO0.85F0.15 polycrystalline sample showing conglomerate particle sizes varying between 5 and 30 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-superconducting-contribution-to-the-specific-heat-for-36rr8c47.png FIG. 3. Superconducting contribution to the specific heat for B =0, 6, 10, 14, and 20 T. The temperatures corresponding to Tmid, the midpoint of the calorimetric transition and to Tmax, are the maximum of C /T at the superconducting jump are indicated for the curve at zero field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-c-t-versus-t-at-zero-field-black-squares-and-20-t-gray-1654c6p6.png FIG. 2. C /T versus T at zero field black squares and 20 T gray circles . Inset a : superconducting transition from AC susceptibility. Inset b : low-temperature specific-heat anomaly, related to the magnetic ordering of the Sm3+ ions Ref. 17 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-tc-at-zero-field-and-at-b-10-t-31shcvkn.png FIG. 4. Distribution of Tc at zero field and at B=10 T, obtained by the deconvolution of the calorimetric data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-upper-critical-field-bc2-versus-t-tc-for-the-smfeaso0-3kbhykkb.png FIG. 5. Upper critical field Bc2 versus T /Tc for the SmFeAsO0.85F0.15 sample as determined from the midpoint Tmid solid diamonds and the maximum Tmax open diamonds of the superconducting transition in the specific-heat curves. The Bc2 values for LaFeAsO1−xFx in Refs. 24 and 25 are also reported for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/upward-trends-in-the-use-of-community-mental-health-and-1ueqx4i10x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-the-relative-sizes-of-household-1of4sfdv.png Table 2. Changes in the relative sizes of household categories in a sample of 12 112 households. Results from contingency tables, column percentages, 1979 and 1995* https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observed-and-simulated-trends-in-cmhc-1979-1995-2xgareh0.png Fig. 2. Observed and simulated trends in CMHC, 1979–1995. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observed-use-of-cmhc-and-csw-1979-1995-2w60dee7.png Fig. 1. Observed use of CMHC and CSW, 1979–1995. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determinants-of-the-utilization-of-community-mental-40im0bk2.png Table 1. Determinants of the utilization of community mental health care (CMHC) and community social work (CSW) among 28 264 and 28 274 households, respectively. Results of multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1979–1995 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-and-simulated-trends-in-csw-1979-1995-1a4ueg8r.png Fig. 3. Observed and simulated trends in CSW, 1979–1995. https://scispace.com/papers/urinary-iodine-excretion-from-the-125i-ria-laboratory-1ket3497x9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-distribution-of-the-measured-values-for-p74swq0t.png Figure 1. Probability distribution of the measured values for urinary iodide concentration in 125I-RIA-INEP laboratory personnel. https://scispace.com/papers/usage-of-fiber-bragg-grating-sensors-in-low-earth-orbit-4konwv2j2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fabrication-of-fbg-sensor-821yay9c.png Fig. 1 Fabrication of FBG sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-wavelength-changes-of-embedded-fbg-sensors-at-rising-33md5tol.png Fig. 10 Wavelength changes of embedded FBG sensors at rising and falling of 2nd and 40th cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-leo-space-environment-simulation-facility-26lx37wu.png Fig. 3 LEO space environment simulation facility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-strain-signals-of-embedded-fbg-sensors-during-2k2ypcwh.png Fig. 8 Strain signals of embedded FBG sensors during vacuuming. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-wavelength-changes-of-embedded-fbg-sensors-during-leo-21rgo2e1.png Fig. 9 Wavelength changes of embedded FBG sensors during LEO aging cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stiffness-properties-of-cu-125ns-lamina-187lai5o.png Table 1 Stiffness properties of CU-125NS lamina https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-reflective-spectrum-changes-of-embedded-fbg-sensors-228aspuu.png Fig. 11 Reflective spectrum changes of embedded FBG sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-composite-specimen-with-embedded-fbg-sensors-286mq326.png Fig. 2 Composite specimen with embedded FBG sensors. https://scispace.com/papers/usage-scenarios-and-goals-for-ontology-definition-metamodel-3epruy11f2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-requirements-2vaw9gw0.png Table 3 – Summary of Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-perspectives-of-applications-that-use-ontologies-2ymijqu1.png Table 1. Perspectives of applications that use ontologies that are considered in this analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-a-fluorescence-based-approach-to-assess-short-term-4ef9mviytc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-heavy-metals-on-mitochondria-membrane-13babxbd.png Fig. 2 Effect of heavy metals on mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) of the algal cells of P. subcapitata. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II) for 6 h and subsequently centrifuged, suspended in fresh PBS buffer (pH 7.0) and incubated with 5 μmol L−1 rhodamine 123, for 30 min, at 25 °C. After 30 min, cells were washed (two times) and suspended in PBS. Each bar represents the mean of at least three experiments performed in quintuplicate (n≥15). The error bars represent the standard deviation calculated with 95 % confidence limits. Statistical differences among different metal concentrations were subject to ANOVA followed by TukeyKramer multiple comparison method; for each metal concentration, the means with different letters are very significantly different (P<0.01) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-heavy-metals-on-esterase-activity-of-the-9watguqr.png Fig. 1 Effect of heavy metals on esterase activity of the algal cells of P. subcapitata. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II) for 6 h and subsequently centrifuged, suspended in fresh OECD medium and incubated with 20 μmol L−1 fluorescein diacetate, for 40 min, at 25 °C. The percentage of esterase inhibition was calculated considering the maximum fluorescence exhibited by the cells not exposed to heavy metals (control). Each bar represents the mean of at least three experiments performed in quintuplicate (n≥ 15). The error bars represent the standard deviation calculated with 95 % confidence limits. Statistical differences among different metal concentrations were subject to ANOVA followed by TukeyKramer multiple comparison method; for each metal concentration, the means with different letters are very significantly different (P<0.01) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-loss-of-cell-membrane-integrity-of-the-alga-p-26pz3ekp.png Table 1 Loss of cell membrane integrity of the alga P. subcapitata exposed to heavy metals for 6 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-effect-of-cd-ii-cr-vi-cu-ii-and-zn-1ureijnk.png Fig. 3 Comparison of the effect of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II) on chlorophyll a fluorescence of algal cells of P. subcapitata. Cells were incubated with different metal concentrations for 6 h and subsequently centrifuged and suspended in fresh OECD medium. Each bar represents the mean of at least four experiments performed in tenfold (n≥40). The error bars represent the standard deviation calculated with 95 % confidence limits. Statistical differences among different metal concentrations were subject to ANOVA followed by TukeyKramer multiple comparison method; for each metal concentration, the means with different letters are very significantly different (P<0.01) https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-b-blockers-is-associated-with-prostate-cancer-1z3e14o4a4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-drawing-of-prostate-cancer-development-1-15w5t0xb.png Figure 1: Schematic drawing of prostate cancer development. (1) Normal prostate glands consist of two cell layers: one basal cell layer, and columnar secretory luminal cells interspread with neuroendocrine cells. (2) Reduced number of basal cells and luminal epithelial hyperplasia are among the characteristics of PIN areas, representing a precursor form of prostate cancer. (3) Lack of basal cells is a diagnostic criterion for prostate cancer, besides abnormal nuclear structures. (4) The glandular structure becomes more and more distorted as the differentiation grade of the cancer decreases. De-differentiated cells have increased migratory and invasive potential and may give rise to metastasis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-hypothetical-model-of-the-role-of-adrb2-and-b-1nph9ybi.png Figure 6. A hypothetical model of the role of ADRB2 and β-blockers in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. ADRB2 is suggested as a marker of differentiated prostate cancer cells and a regulator of AR activity. ERG over-expression has been shown to induce EZH2 expression and to suppress AR activity. ADRB2 is a target gene of EZH2, and high expression of EZH2 may correlate to low level of ADRB2. Down-regulation of ADRB2 levels promotes decreased AR activity and de-differentiation of the prostate cancer cells. These cells have increased migratory and invasive potential. The dissociated cancer cells migrate to metastatic sites, and may re-differentiate to form metastases. This latter process is inhibited by βblockers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-prevalence-of-b-blocker-use-among-men-in-norway-1wxy6kho.png Figure 4. The prevalence of β-blocker use among men in Norway, 2004-2011. The percentage of the male population that has filled one or more prescriptions of β-blockers in different age groups is shown for the period 2004 to 2011 [119]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-tnm-classification-of-prostatic-tumors-according-44tmej7y.png Table 1: The TNM classification of prostatic tumors according to the AJCC/UICC, 2010. Modified from Cheng et al., Histopathology [49]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-illustration-of-the-gleason-grading-system-the-wvmyfo69.png Figure 2. An illustration of the Gleason grading system. The Gleason grading system is based on the growth pattern of the luminal cells of the prostate. Gleason grade 1 and 2 closely resembles normal prostate glands. The glandular structures are also easily recognized in Gleason grade 3, but they are smaller and the cells darker. In Gleason grade 4, the glands are starting to fuse, whereas in Gleason grade 5 the glandular structure is lost. The figure is from Taskén et al., Tidsskrift for Norsk Legeforening [47], with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-classical-adrb2-pathway-beta2-adrenergic-1bu0zsr2.png Figure 3. The classical ADRB2 pathway. Beta2-adrenergic receptor is a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that binds epinephrine and norepinephrine. Ligand binding induce a conformational change that via a G-protein complex stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, resulting in increased levels of cAMP. The major intracellular effector of cAMP is protein kinase A (PKA) or cAMP-dependent protein kinase. E, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine; AC, adenylyl cyclase; PKA, protein kinase A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-western-blot-of-protein-extracts-from-adrb2-3r12nl2o.png Figure 5: Western blot of protein extracts from ADRB2 expression vector-transfected HEK293 and control HEK293 cells, plus normal and tumor patient tissue protein extracts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-different-b-blockers-in-clinical-use-in-norway-rzt8nct0.png Table 2: The different β-blockers in clinical use in Norway today, according to class, and their indications [118] https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-analytical-performance-models-for-system-sizing-and-3rtmd4b1dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-percentage-of-system-cost-saved-by-scheme-2-over-pure-3mjqyffl.png Fig. 19. Percentage of system cost saved by Scheme 2 over pure I/O and pure buffer for a movie of length of 120 min. (a) VCR arrival rate dependent and (b) VCR arrival rate independent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-percentage-of-system-cost-saved-by-scheme-2-as-ae4gikoq.png Fig. 16. Percentage of system cost saved by Scheme 2 as compared to Scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scenarios-for-catching-up-to-viewers-a-in-front-b-2zjdvfsa.png Fig. 3. Scenarios for catching up to viewers (a) in front (b) behind. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulated-and-calculated-results-of-hold-for-33vrh3ru.png Fig. 11. Simulated and calculated results of hold for different values of the threshold k. (a) Movie 1 and (b) movie 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-total-system-cost-for-different-values-of-k-a-vcr-3jbn0x2u.png Fig. 20. Total system cost for different values of k. (a) VCR arrival rate 15=min. (b) VCR arrival rate 100=min. (c) VCR arrival rate 200=min. (d) VCR arrival rate 400=min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-positions-of-viewers-at-vc-vf-and-vl-in-a-355ucbkm.png Fig. 4. Relative positions of viewers at Vc, Vf , and Vl in a partition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-overall-system-cost-versus-the-number-of-i-o-streams-1g1r3fpa.png Fig. 21. Overall system cost versus the number of I/O streams for different values of '. (a) ' 3, (b) ' 8, (c) ' 10, and (d) ' 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-slow-down-to-enable-a-catch-up-by-vf-until-the-3n991z7n.png Fig. 10. Slow down to enable a catch-up by Vf until the distance between the two is reduced to k. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-chimerism-analysis-after-allogeneic-stem-cell-r5dq7dy1o1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-and-informativity-of-different-chimerism-as9xywav.png Table 2. Sensitivity and informativity* of different chimerism detection methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-chimerism-and-engraftment-2clbz9a8.png Table 1. Definitions of chimerism and engraftment. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-q-learning-approaches-for-practical-medium-access-34nx5rz8rr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-channel-throughput-h7363tcf.png Fig. 13. Channel throughput https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experiment-parameters-11rs8mi5.png TABLE I EXPERIMENT PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-running-throughput-with-new-nodes-1pqbzq1p.png Fig. 15. Running throughput with new nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-throughput-comparisons-heq8vikp.png Fig. 6. Throughput comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-random-topology-with-new-nodes-3jlmrx7z.png Fig. 14. Random topology with new nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-practical-experiments-of-the-channel-throughput-6h4fghgp.png Fig. 4. Practical experiments of the channel throughput. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-grid-topology-and-the-routing-paths-2cz3rybr.png Fig. 5. Grid topology and the routing paths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-energy-cost-per-bit-throughput-2oggsn9y.png Fig. 10. Energy cost per bit throughput https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-geospatial-information-system-based-tool-for-18cg0lnvsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pipe-data-2scgg1j8.png Table 1: Pipe data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pipe-burst-and-breaks-rates-ff95nrql.png Table 2: Pipe burst and breaks rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-results-of-regression-analysis-for-break-rate-343x12tw.png Table 3: The results of regression analysis for break rate and number of bursts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-leakage-profile-for-the-network-3mja9xhl.png Fig. 5: The leakage profile for the network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-effects-of-changing-diameter-of-pipe-l1398-on-the-3emslrn5.png Fig. 10: The effects of changing diameter of pipe L1398 on the velocity performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pressure-performance-of-node-j338-time-h-rgn28kvq.png Fig. 9: Pressure performance of node J338 Time (h) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-penalty-curve-for-nodal-pressure-fig-2-velocity-1yzmomk1.png Fig. 1: Penalty curve for nodal pressure Fig. 2: Velocity penalty curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-leakage-map-representing-high-risk-points-3af2nobc.png Fig. 6: Leakage map representing high risk points https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-the-short-form-36-health-survey-to-detect-a-subgroup-4efg4bd9z3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-health-survey-questionnaire-sf-36-score-of-sburq2ye.png Fig. 1 Health survey questionnaire (SF-36) score of fibromyalgia patients with and without disturbed “role emotional.” White bars represent the general health score of the patients with normal emotional status. Black bars show the general health of the patients with reduced emotional role. The line represents healthy female reference population [11] in the same age range as the patients. 0 Most severe failure, 100 most healthy state. Means are given https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-the-written-contract-in-long-lasting-business-3efundwwoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factors-influencing-the-use-of-contracts-3gal3pdr.png Figure 1. Factors influencing the use of contracts. https://scispace.com/papers/user-participation-and-compliance-in-speech-automated-4do1f1fzsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-barge-in-rates-forpreviu-money-talks-andosf-3f8zaoww.png Table 3: Barge-in rates forPREVIU, Money Talks, andOSF https://scispace.com/papers/usefulness-of-discrete-wavelet-transform-in-the-analysis-of-15ml5mgdnk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographic-and-clinical-data-3fjgvjxj.png TABLE I. DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL DATA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-methodology-for-sahs-1k2mq7il.png Figure 1. Block diagram of the proposed methodology for SAHS diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-median-interquartile-range-and-p-value-of-the-dwt-2vbs4aun.png TABLE II. MEDIAN, INTERQUARTILE RANGE AND P-VALUE OF THE DWT FEATURE VALUES FOR SAHS NEGATIVE AND SAHS POSITIVE GROUPS IN THE TRAINING SET https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-diagnostic-assesment-of-each-single-feature-and-2jkervq6.png TABLE III. DIAGNOSTIC ASSESMENT OF EACH SINGLE FEATURE AND THE LR MODEL IN THE TEST SET https://scispace.com/papers/user-s-guide-for-the-computer-program-dasavor-data-storage-46kbpq2s3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-4-flow-char-t-f-o-r-deck-4-input-s-e-c-t-i-o-n-f-o-r-10768zw4.png Fig. B-4. Flow char t f o r deck 4 input s e c t i o n f o r DASAVOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-2-flow-char-t-f-o-r-reading-t-h-e-order-t-h-a-t-t-h-e-1v3piy24.png Fig. B-2. Flow char t f o r reading t h e order t h a t t h e d a t a decks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-format-sheet-f-o-r-punch-card-inputs-used-i-n-2ayh06n6.png Fig. 1. Data format sheet f o r punch-card inputs used i n DASAVOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-parameter-request-cards-for-dasavor-3isobor5.png Fig. 2 Examples of parameter request cards for DASAVOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-b-5-flow-chazt-f-o-r-t-h-e-removal-of-ur-wanted-3j6wc18z.png Fig. B-5. Flow chazt f o r t h e removal of ur-wanted experiments i n D-4SlVOR. https://scispace.com/papers/user-collusion-avoidance-scheme-for-privacy-preserving-4udikv5ggf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-ciphertext-length-of-four-different-schemes-b-22936vl6.png Fig. 5. (a) Ciphertext length of four different schemes, (b)decryption complexity of the proposed scheme is two different test beds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-anonymous-key-issuing-protocol-for-decentralized-kp-14u2ofsa.png Fig. 3. Anonymous key issuing protocol for decentralized KP-ABE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-computational-costs-of-four-jbq0mypo.png Fig. 4. Comparison of computational costs of four differentschemes against four different steps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-t-ime-complexity-measures-for-two-different-testbeds-19rhlcz6.png TABLE I T IME COMPLEXITY MEASURES FOR TWO DIFFERENT TESTBEDS. https://scispace.com/papers/uses-of-pathogen-detection-data-to-estimate-vaccine-direct-484zukd4yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-or-observations-3kar21by.png Table 1: Variables or observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-imperfect-test-sensitivity-on-estimates-131rceg1.png Figure 1: Effect of imperfect test sensitivity on estimates of vaccine-conferred protection against progression of the pathogen to disease. Using the expressions for OR𝑃 0 and OR𝑃 1 in Eq. 26, we plot the estimated effect of vaccination on risk of progression of the pathogen of interest, given acquisition (VÊ𝑃 = 1 − (OR𝑃 1 − 1)/(OR𝑃 0 − 1)). The x-axis indicates the true vaccine effect against progression; departures from the 1:1 diagonal (grey) line indicate bias. Gold, blue, and violet lines correspond to estimates assuming 90%, 80%, and 70% test sensitivity, respectively, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bias-in-estimated-protection-against-disease-under-85x1qued.png Figure 2: Bias in estimated protection against disease under the test-negative design. We plot the estimated effect of vaccination on risk of disease attributable to the pathogen of interest https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-model-291uwp7i.png Table 2: Parameters of the model. https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-commercial-mini-x-ray-source-for-calibrating-bragg-44fse9dagh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-data-for-direct-detection-of-the-k-shell-3dnmtmbo.png Figure 4. Histogram data for direct detection of the K-shell photons for a Ti foil (closed circles). We can see the peaks due to both K-α (dashed line) and K-β (dotted line) photons fitted to Gaussian curves. The black solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-contour-map-for-bragg-crystal-data-with-a-hopg-12wj6s4e.png Figure 5. (a) Contour map for Bragg crystal data with a HOPG crystal. We can see the K-β photons are spectrally and spatially shifted as expected and extend off the end of the CCD, thus reducing the relative contribution of the K-β signal, we calculate the relative contribution of the K-β by fitting Gaussians to the data as shown in (b). Histogram for data collected from HOPG crystal with Ti foil. The solid circles are the experimental data, the K-α fit is the dashed line, the K-β fit is the dotted line and the total fit is the solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-initial-set-up-not-to-scale-the-pb-1dyi2wnh.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of initial set up, not to scale. The Pb shield was 1.8 mm thick and had a 2 mm diameter aperture. The mini-X output was 70 mm from the aperture. The CCD detector used was an Andor DX420-BN with 1024 x 255 pixels of 26µm square. The peak quantum efficiency at 4-5 keV, supplied by the manufacturer ranged from 40-60%. (b) Schematic of set-up for crystal calibration. The crystal was positioned such that the direction to the crystal from the foil was the same as for the initial measurement of K-α photons in (a). In both cases the equipment was surrounded by a 0.9 m long x 0.7m wide x 0.3 m high enclosure made from 5mm thick Al and lined with 1.8mm Pb. The base was a steel table 1 cm thick. (c) Schematic of the arrangement with a flat crystal in place. The blue shading shows the angular spread limit imposed by the width of the crystal whilst, the green shading illustrates the case where it is the size of the chip that limits the angular spread. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-efficiency-of-two-different-foils-as-a-3gwoazsx.png Figure 2. Relative efficiency of two different foils as a function of thickness. The emission is assumed to be along the normal to the foil and is expressed as a relative yield per sr per pump photon. The model integrates emission through the foil accounting for absorption of both the pump and emitted fluorescence. The inset shows calculations for 10 µmV foils as a function of angle (red circles). The dashed curve in the inset shows how we can represent the calculated emission with a simple function of form I=Aexp(−τ0/cos(θ)), where τ0=0.25, which represents an effective average opacity for observation at normal incidence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reflectivity-results-for-von-hamos-type-hopg-39neyiqm.png Table 2. Reflectivity results for Von-Hamos type HOPG crystals. https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-deformation-field-model-for-localizing-faces-and-3bmdyn240m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-ap-and-facial-point-localization-average-26akc01h.png Table 1. Detection (% AP) and facial point localization (average standard deviation of the re-projected facial points on the object model as explained in sec. 3.5) for different numbers of mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-precision-recall-curves-for-afw-with-only-900-37mfyl1o.png Figure 3. Precision-recall curves for AFW. With only 900 training images our method outperforms most of the other methods. Note that this evaluation is done on all the test faces of AFW. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-re-projection-of-the-facial-point-annotations-on-1vg5fjar.png Figure 2. Re-projection of the facial point annotations on LFW. Each color represents the projection of a different facial point on the object model as spesified in sec. 3.5. In this figure as well as in the following ones, even though the model is composed of parts we do not show them for the sake of clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-face-detections-and-facial-point-localization-in-3ckx0aoa.png Figure 4. Face detections and facial point localization in the wild. We show the detected faces (blue boxes), the facial points estimation (red dots) and the distortion of the deformation field (white lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mixtures-obtained-without-pose-estimation-even-3v17q530.png Figure 5. Mixtures obtained without pose estimation. Even without knowing the pose of the faces at training time we are able to learn meaningful models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-error-distribution-for-facial-point-3o2vcmts.png Figure 6. Cumulative error distribution for facial point localization on AFW. (a) Comparison with other methods. (b) Cumulative error for each facial landmark. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-method-knowing-only-the-location-1936icuo.png Figure 1. Overview of our method. Knowing only the location and orientation of faces at training time suffices to learn a model that can not only detect faces, but also localize their facial points. https://scispace.com/papers/using-causality-and-correlation-analysis-to-decipher-xdba6vmfcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-different-networks-3e226s83.png Table 2 Properties of different networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-network-indexes-588-prjpw9jd.png Table 1 Network indexes 588 https://scispace.com/papers/using-bulk-arrivals-to-model-i-o-request-response-time-1ws53k2fvi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-logistic-fit-to-maximum-disk-service-time-cdf-12c53nz6.png Figure 4: Logistic fit to maximum disk service time cdf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-time-pdf-of-model-against-measurement-for-pgwqpqb3.png Figure 3: Response time pdf of model against measurement for requests on a single disk with batch arrivals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fork-join-queueing-model-eyuuhvh0.png Figure 1: Fork-join queueing model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-response-time-pdf-of-model-against-measurement-for-31k51mzs.png Figure 5: Response time pdf of model against measurement for requests on a RAID 01 with batch arrivals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-time-pdf-of-model-against-measurement-for-wz6m28hw.png Figure 6: Response time pdf of model against measurement for requests on a single disk with different sized arrivals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-queue-at-the-arrival-instant-of-a-tagged-1xmxcj66.png Figure 2: The queue at the arrival instant of a tagged customer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-response-time-pdf-of-model-against-measurement-for-24g2y5d7.png Figure 7: Response time pdf of model against measurement for requests on RAID 01 with different sized arrivals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-response-time-pdf-of-model-against-measurement-for-3syezddp.png Figure 8: Response time pdf of model against measurement for requests on RAID 01 with different sized arrivals and a mix of reads and writes. https://scispace.com/papers/using-deceased-donor-kidneys-to-initiate-chains-of-living-2tdnkkwteo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-retrospective-analysis-ikps8s1k.png Table 1: Results of the retrospective analysis https://scispace.com/papers/using-gaussian-and-hyperbolic-distributions-for-quality-3e0t6g4q84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-defect-detection-using-the-hyperbolic-and-gaussian-1pay3kii.png Figure 3: Defect detection using the Hyperbolic and Gaussian distributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-theoretical-and-measured-defect-detection-using-the-1z4jogoc.png Figure 4: Theoretical and measured defect detection using the Hyperbolic distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pir-using-the-hyperbolic-and-gaussian-distributions-1cf6kthb.png Table 4: PIR using the Hyperbolic and Gaussian distributions for the total prevention and failure costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-approximate-defects-per-million-opportunities-dpmo-3m74le77.png Table 5: Approximate Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) using the Hyperbolic and Gaussian distributions for the total prevention and failure costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-deviation-and-approximate-defective-units-ky4mfyjr.png Table 1: Standard deviation and approximate defective units with = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalised-hyperbolic-and-gaussian-distributions-12k03k5k.png Figure 1: Normalised Hyperbolic and Gaussian distributions with = = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-population-in-range-of-the-hyperbolic-distribution-3rofoisy.png Table 2: Population in range of the Hyperbolic distribution for = 0.1 to 1 as a function of standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dpmo-comparison-of-the-hyperbolic-and-gaussian-17zixqvu.png Figure 2: DPMO comparison of the Hyperbolic and Gaussian distributions https://scispace.com/papers/using-function-approximation-for-personalized-point-of-3o7smytkmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-user-check-in-sequences-23rny78y.png Table 1: Sample of User Check-in Sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-trend-for-users-to-explore-location-categories-3jnwapu1.png Fig. 1: The trend for users to explore location categories over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-the-check-in-data-3urao77n.png Table 2: Statistics of the check-in data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-forecasting-category-numbers-for-three-1mwp1iic.png Fig. 4: Performance of forecasting category numbers for three users in Austin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overall-performance-of-forecasting-category-numbers-1nsexr6x.png Fig. 3: Overall performance of forecasting category numbers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-varying-number-of-chebyshev-polynomials-1kf61fo8.png Fig. 7: Effect of Varying Number of Chebyshev Polynomials https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-the-adjustable-parameter-9o9xyq8c.png Fig. 2: Effect of the adjustable parameter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-of-forecasting-category-numbers-for-three-2shindfr.png Fig. 6: Performance of forecasting category numbers for three users in three cities https://scispace.com/papers/using-gis-and-artificial-neural-network-for-deforestation-4hyi3diprp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-classified-images-into-forest-sea-and-urban-areas-3lcvn7ix.png Figure 4: Classified images into forest, sea, and urban areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-network-3sgxwzxr.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the Network https://scispace.com/papers/using-gene-expression-programming-to-construct-sentence-3qhyt6n7s4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-similarity-comparison-1q3tsy3y.png Figure 2. Similarity Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-344tr5hy.png Figure 1: System Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/using-hierarchical-clustering-for-learning-theontologies-4485s28miu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-f1-score-for-jester-50-ratings-in-ls-dirf7wcm.png Figure 5: relative F1 score for Jester, 50 ratings in LS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-matrix-r-while-b-is-matrix-s-computed-from-a-11huv4am.png Figure 1: (a) matrix R, while (b) is matrix S computed from (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-algorithm-3-249x5det.png Figure 3: Illustration of Algorithm 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-an-ontology-modeling-the-transport-domain-with-1ny4yji1.png Figure 2: (a) An ontology modeling the Transport domain with the a-priori score of each concept in (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-notations-used-by-the-various-algorithms-2sd5j6it.png Table 2: Notations used by the various algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-f1-values-for-jester-5-ratings-in-ls-3imk0d28.png Figure 4: Relative F1 values for Jester, 5 ratings in LS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-accuracy-for-the-movielens-data-set-32rol4o9.png Figure 12: Accuracy for the MovieLens data set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-relative-movielens-jester-50-ratings-in-ls-29qx0xl5.png Figure 8: Relative MovieLens Jester, 50 ratings in LS https://scispace.com/papers/using-independent-auditors-as-intrusion-detection-systems-4hlkg8jaam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-secure-logs-mechanism-1siepvtm.png Fig. 2. Secure Logs Mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-timings-of-executing-aide-on-the-ebsa-285-2259b1kg.png Table 1. Different Timings of executing AIDE on the EBSA-285 . The first column states if the host machine is accessing the hard disk concurrently with the EBSA-285. the second column the number of files and the total size of all of them. The third and fourth columns the amount of time spent in User Space and in kernel Space, respectively. The tests performed by AIDE were: permissions, inode, user, group, size and checksum using SHA1 checksum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-host-hard-disk-access-state-machine-3hu9ucsx.png Fig. 4. Host Hard disk Access State Machine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ebsa-285-hard-disk-access-state-machine-1m054w5n.png Fig. 5. EBSA-285 Hard disk Access State Machine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-redirecting-system-calls-h87ej4zs.png Fig. 1. Redirecting System Calls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-database-mode-using-an-independent-auditor-2j9pbevs.png Fig. 3. Database Mode using an independent auditor https://scispace.com/papers/using-insights-from-psychology-and-language-to-improve-how-4goi1ypnaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-nested-restriction-questions-accuracy-and-response-3j2lkjkr.png Table 11. Nested restriction questions: accuracy and response times https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-boolean-concept-constructor-questions-accuracy-and-lawlrx1p.png Table 7. Boolean concept constructor questions: accuracy and response times https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-boolean-concept-constructor-questions-as-used-in-the-2m0idt4y.png Table 6. Boolean concept constructor questions as used in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-questions-employing-nested-restriction-form-as-in-8k2507vj.png Table 10. Questions employing nested restriction; form as in study 2. N.B. the putative conclusion in each case was a Type (not X). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-questions-employing-negation-and-restrictions-form-178p5d5j.png Table 8. Questions employing negation and restrictions; form as in study 2. N.B. the putative conclusion in each case was X DisjointWith Y. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-negation-and-restriction-questions-accuracy-and-3oz6ej44.png Table 9. Negation and restriction questions: accuracy and response times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-functional-object-property-questions-24too5wz.png Table 2. Functional object property questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-functional-object-property-questions-accuracy-and-3l67j8wc.png Table 3. Functional object property questions: accuracy and response times https://scispace.com/papers/using-keystroke-dynamics-for-gender-identification-in-social-4cp1z8f48z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relevant-literature-related-to-identity-prediction-354snez4.png Table 1. Relevant literature related to identity prediction based on keystroke dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-some-individual-1w9dbcwf.png Table 2. Error mean and standard deviation of some individual classifiers using the handwritten signature data from the Biosecure database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-for-the-keystroke-database-performing-qwvnds4a.png Figure 2. Results for the keystroke database performing gender prediction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-for-the-keystroke-database-performing-3iekn5h0.png Figure 1. Results for the keystroke database performing identity prediction https://scispace.com/papers/using-linked-library-data-in-working-research-notes-1i8pdp1l9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-part-of-the-editors-notes-data-model-factual-7ob9sbcd.png Figure 3. Part of the Editors’ Notes data model. Factual assertions, metadata, scans and transcripts may be authored locally or linked to elsewhere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-using-editors-notes-to-edit-one-section-of-a-xzv3o98a.png Figure 2. Using Editors’ Notes to edit one section of a working note on “Dhanvanthi Rama Rau & the Fourth International Conference on Planned Parenthood.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-interface-for-accepting-or-rejecting-assertions-3jjhm9fw.png Figure 4. The interface for accepting or rejecting assertions in the first iteration of the Editors’ Notes linked data editor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-documentary-editors-working-note-about-an-indian-3rcq5tvi.png Figure 1. A documentary editor’s “working note” about an Indian birth control activist’s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-notes-and-documents-related-to-the-topic-india-33i6l2zl.png Figure 5. Notes and documents related to the topic India, birth control movement in. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-search-for-documents-with-the-string-rama-rau-in-apybla82.png Figure 6. A search for documents with the string “Rama Rau” in their text. https://scispace.com/papers/using-machine-learning-to-cope-with-imbalanced-classes-in-4xs8smnd85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-su-detection-results-in-error-rate-lm-is-trainedfrom-387opdpb.png Table 2: SU detection results in error rate (%). LM is trainedfrom the original training set without any sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ip-detection-results-in-error-rate-chance-h6rfu1cg.png Table 3: IP detection results in error rate (%). Chance performance is 4.36% on the original test set. The error rate of using LM alone is 2.34%. ‘DS’ denotes ‘downsampled’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-on-the-data-sets-used-for-the-su-and-ip-ei8pahj8.png Table 1: Statistics on the data sets used for the SU and IP detection tasks. The small set used in the previous study [6], shown in the second column, is a subset of the large set used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-su-and-ip-detection-results-in-classification-error-1no33i1a.png Table 4: SU and IP detection results in classification error rate (%) using the ADT learning algorithm and bagging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roc-curves-for-ip-and-su-detection-using-the-1n84ge5o.png Figure 1: ROC curves for IP and SU detection using the prosody model alone. https://scispace.com/papers/using-laser-range-data-for-3d-slam-in-outdoor-environments-58krd6eqar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-3d-scanning-laser-range-finder-mounted-on-a-research-1flqems6.png Fig. 1. A 3D scanning laser range finder mounted on a research vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-here-we-can-see-the-entire-state-of-vehicle-poses-g1lpcz72.png Fig. 8. Here we can see the entire state of vehicle poses, immediately prior to loop closure detection, and the subsequent loop closure itself. The corresponding ‘x, y, z’ marginal covariance ellipsoids for each pose are also shown. Notice the vertical discrepancy between the first and last pose due to accumulated error, even though the vehicle was in approximately the same location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-here-are-all-of-the-states-vehicle-poses-immediately-3gek9yh6.png Fig. 9. Here are all of the state’s vehicle poses, immediately after loop closure. The corresponding ‘x, y, z’ marginal covariance ellipsoids for each pose, suitably reduced, are also shown. Notice that the first and last poses do not line up exactly, as the vehicle had a slightly different position on its return to the initial region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-black-line-represents-a-vehicle-trajectory-along-1t8ongkg.png Fig. 2. The black line represents a vehicle trajectory, along which 3D laser data was taken (each scan with a different elevation angle). The grey dashes separate periodic ‘potential point cloud’ regions of odometry. If a change in angle threshold is not broken along a ‘potential point cloud’ region, OR is only broken after a point cloud has a certain number of points in it, a point cloud from that region is accepted. The point cloud generated is described relative to the vehicle pose at the beginning of the region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-in-this-close-up-of-the-post-loop-closure-point-11ijgaeq.png Fig. 11. In this close up of the post loop closure point clouds we can make out the facade of a building, along with its windows and perimeter railing. We can also identify individual bicycles in the adjacent bicycle rack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-this-close-up-shows-the-opposite-side-of-the-building-24dg4n0b.png Fig. 12. This close up shows the opposite side of the building. Identifiable features include an emergency staircase, a parked vehicle, and as we move to the right of the image, more of the building facade. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-entire-states-attached-point-clouds-plotted-1fck94cl.png Fig. 10. The entire state’s attached point clouds plotted simultaneously. The windows of the building can be made out in the foreground, along with a small fire escape staircase. The strong white line on the left of the figure is laser shadow, caused by the roadside kerb. Camera locations for the subsequent close up shots are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-here-we-see-the-3d-point-clouds-corresponding-to-each-1l0ge3f8.png Fig. 4. Here we see the 3D point clouds corresponding to each vehicle pose. The vehicle poses and uncertainty ellipsoids are plotted again for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/using-mineral-equilibria-to-estimate-h2o-activities-in-4whccxqai6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-activities-of-mineral-end-members-in-natural-phases-17pvy7h1.png Table 7. Activities of mineral end members in natural phases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-amphibole-dehydration-curve-plotted-as-a-function-xrdnf18z.png Figure 17. Amphibole dehydration curve plotted as a function of temperatures and water activities at an equilibrium pressure for each sample. The activity of H2O estimated from amphibole dehydration equilibrium for each sample is also plotted as a point along the corresponding curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-zoning-profiles-across-matrix-orthopyroxene-in-2kj40m6e.png Figure 9. Zoning profiles across matrix orthopyroxene in NRPT4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-oxygen-fugacity-estimates-4uu1fgp7.png Table 9. Oxygen fugacity estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microprobe-analyses-wt-of-matrix-orthopyroxene-fhabvfn0.png Table 2. Microprobe analyses (wt%) of matrix orthopyroxene, orthopyroxene rim surrounding the kelyphite (COR), and the kelyphite in NRTP4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-compositions-across-an-orthopyroxene-grain-that-naqpg4hm.png Figure 10. Compositions across an orthopyroxene grain that surrounds kelyphite (COR) in NRTP4. Compositions are plotted from inner (adjacent to the kelyphite) to outer rim (adjacent to the matrix) of COR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-zoning-profiles-across-matrix-amphiboles-in-nrtp4-2uhjmh2e.png Figure 13. Zoning profiles across matrix amphiboles in NRTP4. a) Compositions of matrix amphibole; the right rim of this amphibole is close to the kelyphite relative to its left rim. b) Compositions of matrix amphibole which texturally replaces matrix clinopyroxene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-microprobe-analyses-wt-of-matrix-amphibole-and-fine-3hecp0ad.png Table 5. Microprobe analyses (wt%) of matrix amphibole and fine-grained amphiboles within the kelyphite from NRTP4 https://scispace.com/papers/using-multispectral-imaging-to-measure-temperature-profiles-1i1cbjm1g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-thermal-image-of-6-5-inch-cathode-with-0-4-um-tqj3ljtc.png Figure 5 Thermal Image of 6.5-Inch Cathode with 0.4-µm Filter (°C for ε = 0.65) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-image-of-8-inch-cathode-with-0-4-um-filter-2wksws0q.png Figure 6 Thermal Image of 8-Inch Cathode with 0.4-µm Filter (°C for ε = 0.65) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-temperature-field-at-center-of-6-5-inch-cathode-2ttek547.png Figure 12 Temperature Field at Center of 6.5-Inch Cathode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-camera-counts-sec-with-0-4-um-filter-for-35ak4yfe.png Figure 4 Normalized Camera Counts/Sec with 0.4-µm Filter for ε = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-temperature-for-10-change-in-blackbody-3o8f20l3.png Figure 3 Change in Temperature for 10% Change in Blackbody Exitance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-temperature-variations-of-6-5-inch-cathode-with-23cqvkyp.png Figure 11 Temperature Variations of 6.5-Inch Cathode with Respect to Center on Vertical Profile Through Center for ε = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-temperature-variations-of-6-5-inch-cathode-with-1tvz6pq8.png Figure 10 Temperature variations of 6.5-inch cathode with respect to center on horizontal profile through center for ε = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-summary-of-emissivity-at-the-center-of-the-6-5-17eiih0d.png Figure 13 Summary of Emissivity at the Center of the 6.5-Inch Cathode https://scispace.com/papers/using-mobility-as-a-conceptual-framework-for-informing-the-vd58vm0qnv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fieldwork-in-progress-24nhy8m5.png Figure 2 fieldwork in progress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-site-offices-can-be-basic-3qr9va8j.png Figure 1 site offices can be basic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sharing-digital-photos-on-site-p11olvbb.png Figure 3 sharing digital photos on site https://scispace.com/papers/using-neural-networks-to-forecast-available-system-resources-2n63yoho5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-workload-data-observed-on-rossby-3j1h4qq1.png Fig. 1. Workload data observed on Rossby https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-results-for-usedswapspace-on-the-rossby-data-set-2b7tymzi.png Fig. 3. Test results for usedSwapSpace (on the Rossby data set) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-comparison-of-one-step-ahead-forecasted-and-observed-1vu9skek.png Fig. 8. A comparison of one-step-ahead forecasted and observed results for usedSwapSpace (on the Rossby data set) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-comparison-of-one-step-ahead-forecasted-and-observed-2derux8t.png Fig. 9. A comparison of one-step-ahead forecasted and observed results for realMemoryFree (on the Jefferson data set) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-comparison-of-one-step-ahead-forecasted-and-2mb26esb.png Fig. 10. A comparison of one-step-ahead forecasted and observed results for usedSwapSpace (on the Jefferson data set) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-comparison-of-the-trend-of-prediction-errors-fig-3-1sgb1ni6.png Fig. 6. A comparison of the trend of prediction errors: Fig. 3 results vs Fig 5 results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-comparison-of-two-step-ahead-forecasted-and-1dbameag.png Fig. 14. A comparison of two-step-ahead forecasted and observed results for realMemoryFree (on the Jefferson data set) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-comparison-of-two-step-ahead-forecasted-and-1gipebkg.png Fig. 13. A comparison of two-step-ahead forecasted and observed results for usedSwapSpace (on the Rossby data set) https://scispace.com/papers/using-or-hiding-private-information-an-experimental-study-of-dwj52quz4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relative-frequency-of-the-stage-dominant-action-3194lsf9.png Figure 10: Relative frequency of the stage-dominant action from informed subjects, by stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-design-20u2h0r2.png Table 2: Experimental Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-concavification-in-the-fr-game-7rcmswcp.png Figure 3: Concavification in the FR-game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-payoff-matrices-in-the-fr-games-32gzesbz.png Figure 2: Payoff matrices in the FR-games https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-properties-of-the-experimental-games-3924urq7.png Table 1: Theoretical properties of the experimental games https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-payoff-matrices-in-the-pr-games-2fbfxj88.png Figure 5: Payoff matrices in the PR-games https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-concavification-in-the-pr-game-33p8529k.png Figure 6: Concavification in the PR-game https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-values-by-games-against-theoretical-levels-1wm2eabq.png Table 3: Empirical values by games against theoretical levels https://scispace.com/papers/using-photo-fenton-and-floatation-techniques-for-the-12j2hghfs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-primary-treatment-procedure-35bvkjve.png Fig. 2 Primary treatment procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-required-and-treated-water-for-hydraulic-fracturing-figbm6r3.png Fig. 3 Required and treated water for hydraulic fracturing processes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-main-procedure-of-water-treatment-in-oilfields-py0u9dn5.png Fig. 1 The main procedure of water treatment in oilfields https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-annual-saved-water-for-each-well-in-different-water-1p432k9p.png Fig. 6 Annual saved water for each well in different water utilization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-required-and-treated-water-for-water-flooding-95t3swul.png Fig. 4 Required and treated water for water flooding processes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-required-and-treated-water-for-chemical-enhanced-oil-1uaoc2l9.png Fig. 5 Required and treated water for chemical enhanced oil recovery methods https://scispace.com/papers/using-self-context-for-multimodal-detection-of-head-nods-in-1g9o1g4ldj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve-roc-for-the-3dtw8mv4.png Figure 4: Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) for the two head nod detection approaches. In red: visual-only method. In blue: audio-visual approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-typical-fourier-transform-outputs-a-and-1ur0t67l.png Figure 3: Examples of typical Fourier transform outputs. (a) and (b) are the Fourier outputs taken on the temporal motion sequence in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. Referring to Figure 2, (1) is a Fourier sample taken at t = 128.8s (nod, non-speaking); (2) is sampled at t = 131.4s (non-nod, silent); (3) is taken at t = 116.2s (non-nod, speaking). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-motion-estimation-step-in-1-the-18frsakf.png Figure 2: Illustration of the motion estimation step. In (1), the white rectangle is the face bounding box provided by the face tracker; the three white crosses are the pre-defined points where the motion is computed using the parametric model of Equation 1. A 30-second sequence of the motion is displayed in (2); (a) and (b) are the estimated motion in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively; (c) shows the sequence of annotated nods (1 = nod, −1 = non-nod); (d) shows the speaking status of the participant (1 = speaking, −1 = silent). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-snapshot-of-the-recording-room-b-c-frame-2nj15c5y.png Figure 1: (a) Snapshot of the recording room. (b-c) Frame extracted from the video data for two protagonists in a dyad. https://scispace.com/papers/using-road-topology-to-improve-cyclist-path-prediction-9j1ffmpox7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-confusion-matrix-for-all-tracks-with-multiple-3l4vdle4.png TABLE II: The confusion matrix for all tracks with multiple destinations. The value on the left/right shows the result for the U-MoLDS/I-MoLDS, respectively. The bold values highlight the best scoring model. Overall, the U-MoLDS classifies 76% correctly, whereas the I-MoLDS classifies 90% correctly. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-mean-ll-for-all-tracks-grouped-by-true-class-n1bth1y9.png TABLE IV: The mean LL for all tracks, grouped by true class label. The best performance is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-average-me-in-meters-over-all-tracks-grouped-10vbvctk.png TABLE III: The average ME in meters over all tracks, grouped by true class label. The best performance is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extracted-real-world-cyclist-tracks-aligned-with-their-2whdjcpv.png Fig. 1: Extracted real-world cyclist tracks, aligned with their local road topology which distinguishes five canonical directions. All tracks start at the bottom, and move upward. The figure shows that most (but not all) cyclists drive on the right side of the road. Note that some cyclists who plan to turn to the left are seen to cycle on the left side of the road, even before the crossing. Most tracks move straight. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-total-amount-of-tracks-extracted-from-the-1gyll1wk.png TABLE I: The total amount of tracks extracted from the dataset. In total, there are 119 tracks, extracted from 108 cyclists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-tracks-before-left-and-after-right-they-have-1v11396i.png Fig. 3: Three tracks, before (left) and after (right) they have been transformed to the general coordinate system. The general coordinate system ensures a much more similar initial state between all tracks. The frame where a track is closest to the thin dotted line is where the Time To Event (TTE) of that track is defined to be 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-two-cyclists-together-with-the-road-1vac9trv.png Fig. 2: An example of two cyclists, together with the road annotation. The dotted line shows center lane of the road that the cyclist in the blue rectangle is cycling onto, while the solid line shows the center lane of the road that both the egovehicle and the ‘orange’ cyclist follow. Every star is an annotated point on the main road, the dashed line is the sideroad annotation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-mean-error-thick-line-and-standard-deviation-thin-gk9teeb8.png Fig. 4: The mean error (thick line) and standard deviation(thin line) over time for all tracks, with respect to the moment they were predicted. The tracks turning 90 degrees to the left are shown in (a). The tracks turning 45 degrees to the left that show an anomaly (see text) are shown in (b). https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-coefficient-of-variation-to-improve-the-sparsity-4z216gex1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-seismic-denoising-performance-comparison-34137j5k.png TABLE I AVERAGE SEISMIC DENOISING PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN DEFAULT AND ADAPTIVE TILING CURVELETS. FIVE SEISMIC DATA SETS OF SIZE 550× 100 WERE USED IN THIS EXPERIEMNT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seismic-data-recovery-from-incomplete-measurements-1gxcoxre.png Fig. 2. Seismic data recovery from incomplete measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-default-curvelet-tiling-2wtflmhz.png Fig. 1. Default curvelet tiling https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-photovoice-method-to-advocate-for-change-to-a-3uzoy9xovd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-student-photo-of-a-spit-bottle-being-filled-up-it-3hp2b3jx.png FIGURE 4 Student photo of a “spit bottle” being filled-up. “It is not uncommon to see a student who uses dip spit into an empty can or bottle. This is a photo of my friend who uses dip inside of his on-campus apartment. At times this can be disgusting to see and if it is in a can it may be mistaken for a drink or spilled.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-student-photo-of-legal-secondhand-smoke-although-vlqb9vvt.png FIGURE 3 Student photo of “legal” secondhand smoke. “Although this student may be 25 feet away from the building, anyone coming down this walkway has to walk through his smoke. As a student who has never smoked, it's not a pleasant walk around campus when I’m always breathing in secondhand smoke.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-photo-of-a-policy-violation-this-picture-148rtonp.png FIGURE 2 Student photo of a policy violation. “This picture was taken in front of the student union. The smoker is casually relaxing at a table that is provided for people to enjoy their lunch outside. A cloud of smoke was surrounding the student. Ironically, a sign stating ‘Please no smoking on patio’ was less than 5 feet away. This student is only one of many who partake [sic] in the same behavior.” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-student-photo-of-a-grotesque-ashtray-it-s-a-shame-2ap5w4w2.png FIGURE 1 Student photo of a grotesque ashtray. “It's a shame that people who visit our campus walk out of the parking deck the first thing they notice is not our beautiful landscape, but a melted cigarette receptacle. How can you expect to attract perspective [sic] students with this around?” https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-hegy-procedure-when-not-all-roots-are-present-5dtfvzip73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-b-32skgr1y.png Table 1.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-iw3m12bv.png Table 1.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-c-1fzfkexx.png Table 1.a https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-visibility-complex-for-radiosity-computation-3w4drecegn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-objects-oi-and-oj-and-their-associated-face-in-2nm5bmfk.png Figure 6: Two objects Oi and Oj and their associated face in the complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-update-of-the-form-factor-between-two-objects-95jibhp8.png Figure 8: Update of the form factor between two objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-a-circle-moving-from-the-position-1-to-3b28hjus.png Figure 7: Example of a circle moving from the position 1 to the position 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-notation-for-the-form-factor-28q9pwyq.png Figure 1: Notation for the form factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-scene-and-samples-with-radiosity-value-b-dual-1n5ijjt7.png Figure 9: (a) scene and samples with radiosity value; (b) dual arrangement of the scene; (c) matrix of form factors; (d) visibility complex of the scene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-elements-of-the-visibility-complex-3v3o0ecy.png Figure 3: Elements of the visibility complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-strings-for-two-portions-of-curves-ci-and-cj-cz03usqy.png Figure 2: Strings for two portions of curves Ci and Cj . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dual-arrangement-of-a-scene-and-some-lines-1aytbg6i.png Figure 4: Dual arrangement of a scene and some lines. https://scispace.com/papers/utilisation-des-biomarqueurs-pour-la-caracterisation-de-l-1mk4wk7vov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-approche-basee-sur-le-poids-des-evidences-qui-36q123f9.png Figure 2. Approche basée sur le « poids des évidences » qui associe des mesures chimiques, biochimiques, histologiques et populationnelles, proposée par [SANCHEZ et al., 2008] pour établir un lien entre les atteintes à différents niveaux d’organisation biologique dans les cours d’eau https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-presentation-des-differents-types-de-controle-1r0s8q49.png Figure 3. Présentation des différents types de contrôle préconisés par la directive cadre sur l’eau (d’après [HAGGER et al., 2006 ; ALLAN et al., 2006]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interet-dune-approche-multibiomarqueurs-pour-2w0j1kq3.png Figure 1. Intérêt d’une approche multibiomarqueurs pour prendre en compte la diversité des contaminants et la multiplicité de leurs effets https://scispace.com/papers/using-zooms-to-identify-fragmentary-bone-from-the-late-3eiiz9wzql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-blind-test-results-for-34-samples-with-known-38c04ojd.png Table 3 Blind test results for 34 samples with known morphological identifications. þ more specific ZooMS identifications, ¼ equally specific ZooMS identifications, and e indicates broader ZooMS identifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-observations-of-peptide-markers-a-g-for-1lnczs2r.png Fig. 4. Percentage of observations of peptide markers A-G for the blind test samples and ZooMS samples. Peptide markers B, D, F and G occur more frequent compared to markers A, C and E. Error bars indicate 1-sigma standard deviation based on average peptide marker observance by archaeological unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-relationship-of-nisp-and-ntaxa-for-identified-bone-2d7qvzw1.png Fig. 3. A. Relationship of NISP and NTAXA for identified bone specimens by identification method. Correlation among ZooMS assemblages is significant, while there is no such significant correlation between morphologically identified assemblages, and morphologically assemblages together with US06-ZooMS (see text for details). B. Rarefaction analysis of faunal assemblages from US06. C. Rarefaction analysis of all morphologically identified faunal assemblages and US06-ZooMS from Les Cott es. D. Rarefaction analysis of all morphologically and all ZooMS identified assemblages from Les Cott es. E. Rarefaction curve based on all available datasets, incorporating morphological identifications, and ZooMS identifications for blind test samples and morphologically unidentified bone specimens. Rarefaction analyses assume a nested fauna structure between fauna assemblages. Based on NISP and NTAXA data from Table 1 and Table 4. Rarefaction curves and standard deviations calculated using PAST v. 3.0 (Hammer et al., 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphologically-identified-nisp-counts-for-us02eus08-2sai9g3j.png Table 1 Morphologically identified NISP counts for US02eUS08 at Les Cott es, modified to resemble exclusive taxonomic groups using ZooMS (field seasons 2006e2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-selection-by-archaeological-unit-numbers-in-309b70p7.png Table 2 Sample selection by archaeological unit. Numbers in parentheses indicate digested bone https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-zooms-identifications-for-145-morphologically-3ttuxtre.png Table 4 ZooMS identifications for 145 morphologically undiagnostic bone specimens. Numbers in parentheses indicate digested bone specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-observed-peptide-markers-by-taxonomic-bo1ma5tp.png Fig. 1. Number of observed peptide markers by taxonomic identification. Group 2 includes taxonomic identifications exclusive to other groups (N ¼ 126). Group 1 includes identifications that are not exclusive to other groups (eg. “Bovidae”, N ¼ 9)). Group 3 includes digested bone specimens (N ¼ 10). Average number of observed peptide markers is 5.81 ± 0.86, 3.90 ± 1.17 and 5.90 ± 0.58, respectively. Group 1 and 2 differ significantly (t ¼ 6.347, p ¼ 0.000) while group 2 and 3 do not (t ¼ 0.464, p ¼ 0.651). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nestedness-of-taxa-for-morphological-and-zooms-fauna-uwjfhy5q.png Fig. 2. Nestedness of taxa for morphological and ZooMS fauna assemblages for Les Cott es. Colours correspond to % NISP abundance by unit (0e10%, 10e25%, 25e50%, 50e75% and 75e100%). Overall nestedness value is 12.91 C (see text for individual nestedness values). https://scispace.com/papers/utility-of-a-fretting-device-working-under-free-displacement-so52csv8nb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-illustration-of-wear-of-a-material-lfpp1x5t.png Fig. 18. Illustration of wear of a material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-displacement-amplitude-d-and-tangential-force-q-as-a-1rq0cjdt.png Fig. 5. (a) Displacement amplitude d and tangential force Q as a function of the number of cycles and (b) relationship between tangential force Q and displacement amplitude d. Case of nitriding+DLC (dr ¼775mm, P ¼ 6N). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-displacement-amplitude-d-and-measured-compliance-of-1ros4wtq.png Fig. 6. Displacement amplitude d and measured compliance of the contact Cm as a function of the number of cycles. Case of nitriding+DLC (dr ¼775mm, P ¼ 6N). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-evolution-of-wear-rate-uc-as-a-function-of-the-normal-274djvwv.png Fig. 16. Evolution of wear rate Uc as a function of the normal load P for the Ti–6Al–4V/Ti–6Al–4V contact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-evolution-of-effective-wear-volume-vc-do-as-a-q5k9jlks.png Fig. 17. Evolution of effective wear volume Vc/Do as a function of the normal load P for the Ti–6Al–4V/Ti–6Al–4V contact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-evolution-of-wear-volume-of-contact-as-a-function-of-15zpi5jh.png Fig. 14. Evolution of wear volume of contact as a function of the total sliding distance for the Ti–6Al–4V/Ti–6Al–4V contact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-profile-of-wear-scar-extracted-on-the-disk-with-skzdkx1p.png Fig. 13. (a) Profile of wear scar extracted on the disk, with removal and transfer of matter and (b) example of fretting scar on the pin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-evolution-of-effective-wear-volume-vc-do-as-a-2vq7ghuq.png Fig. 15. Evolution of effective wear volume Vc/Do as a function of the normal force P for the Ti–6Al–4V/Ti–6Al–4V contact. https://scispace.com/papers/v-al-o-catalysts-prepared-by-flame-pyrolysis-for-the-3y6uyovr61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-epr-experimental-parameters-31xj2j2t.png Table 3: EPR experimental parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weight-loss-during-tga-analysis-and-temperature-of-3sp1bgr3.png Table 2: Weight loss during TGA analysis and temperature of the main peaks observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalyst-composition-and-specific-surface-area-ssa-3goj2frc.png Table 1: Catalyst composition and specific surface area (SSA). https://scispace.com/papers/vaccine-safety-surveillance-using-routinely-collected-4l2jze1n92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-negative-control-outcome-effect-size-estimates-and-2unuvoxz.png Fig. 2. Negative control outcome effect size estimates and fitted systematic error distributions for four example method variations. In the top row, dots indicate the estimated effect size (x-axis) and corresponding standard error (y-axis), which is linearly related to the width of the confidence interval. Estimates below the red dashed line have a one-sided p-value < 0.05, and filled dots indicate the LLR exceeds the CV. The bottom row shows the systematic error distributions fitted using the negative control estimates above, for the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters (red area), and the 95% credible interval (pink area). The historical comparator variant adjusts for age and sex, and uses the TaR after a historic outpatient visits to estimate the background rate. The case-control design matches up to 4 controls per case on age and sex. The cohort method design uses PS weighting and outpatient visits as comparator index date. The SCCS design adjusts for age and season and excludes a prevaccination window of 30 days from analysis. CV = Critical Value, LLR = Log Likelihood Ratio, SCCS = SelfControlled Case Series, SD = Standard Deviation, PS = Propensity Score. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-size-estimates-95-ci-and-llrs-for-one-example-2ebqn6xj.png Fig. 1. Effect size estimates, 95% CI, and LLRs for one example control. We use each analysis variation to estimate the causal effect size of H1N1pdm vaccination on the risk of ‘contusion of toe’ in the Optum EHR database, using the data across all 9 months. The true effect size is 1, as indicated by the dashed line. ‘*’ and filled dots indicates the LLR exceeds the critical value. CI = Confidence Interval, LLR = Log Likelihood Ratio, TaR = Time-at-Risk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-to-50-sensitivity-after-calibration-for-each-2y4qsfdb.png Fig. 5. Time to 50% sensitivity after calibration. For each method variation and vaccine group, the number of months of data needed to achieve 50% sensitivity based on the calibrated MaxSPRT in the Optum EHR database are shown, stratified by true effect size of the positive controls. HPV = Human papillomavirus, PS = Propensity Score, SCCS = Self-Controlled Case Series, SCRI = Self-Controlled Risk Interval, TaR = Time-at-Risk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-type-1-and-2-error-before-and-after-empirical-1yxy8aly.png Fig. 4. Type 1 and 2 error before and after empirical calibration. For each method variation and vaccine group, the type 1 and 2 error before and after empirical calibration in the Optum EHR database are shown. The x-axis indicates the type 1 error (higher values to the left) and type 2 error (higher values to the right), based on the (calibrated) one-sided p-value. The dashed line indicates nominal type 1 error of 5%. HPV = Human papillomavirus, PS = Propensity Score, SCCS = Self-Controlled Case Series, SCRI = SelfControlled Risk Interval, TaR = Time-at-Risk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fitted-systematic-error-distributions-for-each-method-1z8f8fzf.png Fig. 3. Fitted systematic error distributions. For each method variation and vaccine group, the systematic error distribution fitted on the negative control estimates in the Optum EHR database are shown. The red area indicates the maximum likelihood estimates of the distribution parameters. The pink area indicates the 95% credible interval. HPV = Human papillomavirus, PS = Propensity Score, SCCS = Self-Controlled Case Series, SCRI = Self-Controlled Risk Interval, TaR = Time-at-Risk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-database-characteristics-and-vaccination-counts-1bm0q0wa.png Table 2 Database characteristics and vaccination counts during the vaccination study period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exposures-of-interest-1laj65lm.png Table 1 Exposures of interest. https://scispace.com/papers/valency-seven-symmetric-graphs-of-order-2pq-1qywim9tn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nonabelian-simple-2-3-5-7-p-q-groups-3n04a20v.png Table 1. Nonabelian simple {2, 3, 5, 7, p, q}-groups. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-an-approach-for-improving-existing-measurement-441evi4q2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-the-gqm-interviews-on-the-questionnaire-3k713fcp.png TABLE 3 Impact of the GQM Interviews on the Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-comparison-between-the-af-and-gqm-based-methods-14gg7457.png Fig. 6. A comparison between the AF and GQM-based methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gqm-structure-for-the-service-support-group-25nmwwl0.png Fig. 4. GQM structure for the Service Support Group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-subjective-effectiveness-evaluation-1962s5ci.png TABLE 2 Summary of the Subjective Effectiveness Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-subjective-rating-of-the-improvement-objectives-db0nopbw.png Fig. 5. Subjective rating of the improvement objectives. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-two-way-attribute-focusing-diagram-1cffr8gv.png Fig. 2. A two-way attribute focusing diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-and-software-documentation-of-the-anl-fish-1lkfen9c0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-numerical-values-for-fish-density-and-probability-of-1wrvk1ve.png Table 7. Numerical Values for Fish Density and Probability of Impingement for 'Case I1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-continued-3lql5rlm.png Table 9. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2lvugdm2.png Table 9. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-3pmjpmwm.png Table 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-ymzson9t.png Table 3. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-daily-fish-impingement-predictions-calculated-q26bxl0z.png Table 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-334mytyy.png Table 5. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-temperature-o-c-at-the-1ntakes-of-the-zion-5dxqlwtf.png Fig. 1. Water Temperature ( O C ) at. the 1ntakes of the Zion Station during 1974. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-geant4-bremsstrahlung-models-first-results-593gglq6jw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-the-red-1hz9w8wf.png Fig. 11. Differential Bremsstrahlung cross section; the red points are data in [13] for an Al target, the black ones are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-the-red-ylysa43d.png Fig. 14. Differential Bremsstrahlung cross section; the red points are data in [13] for an Al target, the black ones are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-the-red-h7iin64m.png Fig. 12. Differential Bremsstrahlung cross section; the red points are data in [13] for an Al target, the black ones are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-double-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-as-a-3tqir8cf.png Fig. 10. Double differential Bremsstrahlung cross section as a function of the photon energy; black circles are data in [12], crosses are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-the-red-2en9i4nq.png Fig. 13. Differential Bremsstrahlung cross section; the red points are data in [13] for an Al target, the black ones are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-the-red-1e9291c7.png Fig. 15. Differential Bremsstrahlung cross section; the red points are data in [13] for an Al target, the black ones are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-double-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-as-a-mv2c8ygp.png Fig. 4. Double differential Bremsstrahlung cross section as a function of the photon energy; black circles are data in [12], crosses are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-double-differential-bremsstrahlung-cross-section-as-a-5ymxsah7.png Fig. 5. Double differential Bremsstrahlung cross section as a function of the photon energy; black circles are data in [12], crosses are Geant4 simulation results. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-chronic-restraint-stress-model-in-rats-for-the-kamzx7z6tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-increased-functional-connectivity-to-the-cingulate-1jixqf5i.png Figure 6. Increased functional connectivity to the cingulate cortex following CRS as detected by seed-based analysis (A) and corresponding Cumming estimation plots (B). The figure illustrates coronal and corresponding axial slices of spatial statistical colorcoded maps overlaid on the rat brain atlas (down-sampled by a factor of eight). A, Changes in the functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex between baseline and following 13d of CRS as spatial color-coded Z (Gaussianized T/F) statistic images corrected for multiple comparisons at cluster level (thresholded at p, 0.05; baseline, n=33; restraint, n=15). R denotes right hemisphere. Significant clusters include various brain regions: 8, visual cortex; 9, inferior colliculus; 10, thalamus; 11, superior colliculus; 12, dentate gyrus; 13, CA3. The Cohen’s d for two comparisons are shown in the Cumming estimation plots below the associated statistical map (B). The raw data are plotted on the upper axes; each mean difference is plotted on the lower axes as a bootstrap sampling distribution. Mean differences are depicted as dots; 95% CIs are indicated by the ends of the vertical error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-crs-on-exploration-in-open-a-and-closed-b-1w1b0mfz.png Figure 3. Effect of CRS on exploration in open (A) and closed (B) arms and on stress-response behaviors (C–D) displayed during EPM test. Exploration (open and closed arm entries and time spent) and stress-related behaviors (grooming and rearing) were measured for 5min. A, Total number of entries and time spent in open arms. The paired median differences for two comparisons are shown in the Cumming estimation plots. B, Total number of entries and time spent in closed arms. C, Number of grooming behaviors and time spent grooming. D, https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-changes-in-functional-connectivity-within-3idpzzm1.png Table 3: Summary of changes in functional connectivity within the interoceptive and salience networks when using all rsfMRI data from postrestraint timepoint versus using a subset of animals showing greatest behavioral changes in FST https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weight-of-animals-and-size-of-restraints-22gce9qh.png Table 1: Weight of animals and size of restraints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-timeline-the-experiment-consisted-of-16gv1wft.png Figure 1. Experimental timeline. The experiment consisted of an initial one-week period of habituation on arrival of the animals, after which the rats underwent EPM test (day 1). Following EPM, animals were habituated to single housing and sucrose solution for 8 h and deprived of food and water overnight (days 1–2). SPT was conducted the next day (day 2), followed by a preswim test. FST was conducted on day 3 and MRI on day 4. The animals then underwent CRS for 2.5 h daily for 13 consecutive days. The day after the end of CRS, animals underwent behavioral tests (days 18–20) and MRI (day 21) in the same order without a preswim test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-correlations-between-behavioral-tests-and-mri-19dmvex8.png Figure 9. Correlations between behavioral tests and MRI measures. In A–G, Comparisons of the following parameters from both CRS and healthy control groups at both timepoints were made by Spearman correlations: latency time from FST data; connectivity (average parameter estimates) of the salience network, interoceptive network and cingulate cortex from the rs-fMRI data; and Glx/ tCr ratio from 1H-MRS data (no multiple comparison correction). In H–L, hippocampal volumes were calculated as a percentage of whole-brain volume and compared to latency time from FST data (H, I), and functional brain connectivity (J–L) (no multiple comparison correction). In I, Pearson’s correlation was performed between baseline percentage hippocampal volume of CRS group and postrestraint latency to first immobility behavior during FST of the same animals (baseline, n=23; restraint, n=23). Data points with triangular shape represent the nine animals, which were used for FST-based ICA/dual regression analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decreased-functional-connectivity-within-the-ac2b06k5.png Figure 5. Decreased functional connectivity within the salience and interoceptive networks following CRS as detected by dual regression (A, B) and corresponding Cumming estimation plots (C, D). The figure illustrates coronal and corresponding axial slices of spatial statistical color-coded maps overlaid on the rat brain atlas (down-sampled by a factor of eight). A, B, Two RSNs (A, salience network; B, interoceptive network) identified in the baseline rs-fMRI scans of six- to seven-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats under isoflurane-medetomidine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-voxel-position-for-proton-magnetic-resonance-2crlpqis.png Figure 2. Voxel position for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The figure shows the position of the voxel of interest (size of 3.5 2 6 mm) on the left sensorimotor cortex on T2weighted images for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. R denotes right hemisphere. https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-phlebotomy-performance-metrics-developed-as-elci7mdlyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-construct-validity-frequent-errors-which-occurred-in-34mvnvs2.png Table 2 Construct validity: frequent errors which occurred in the expert group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-construct-validity-frequent-errors-which-occurred-in-1bigbvom.png Table 1. Construct validity: frequent errors which occurred in the novice group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-number-of-error-and-critical-errors-11snsrny.png Figure 1. Comparison of number of error and critical errors in the Novice and Expert Groups https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-three-dimensional-ecoham-model-in-the-3z5u1dd7pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-and-resolution-for-the-ecoham3-forcing-data-2rg1j8xl.png Table 1: Source and resolution for the ECOHAM3 forcing data sets. 585 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-values-used-for-this-paper-differing-from-2zc5o65n.png Table 2: Parameter values used for this paper differing from Stegert et al. 587 (2007).588 https://scispace.com/papers/valorization-of-aggregated-decentral-flexibilities-2cwn2eycgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aggregators-value-chain-3sc6t4i2.png Fig. 2. Aggregators value chain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-key-generic-determinants-for-utilization-and-merit-of-3hykwd5y.png Fig. 1. Key generic determinants for utilization and merit of aggregated flexibilities https://scispace.com/papers/validity-and-reliability-of-the-early-development-instrument-3sr0qtlva8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-socio-demographic-characteristics-of-the-sample-16u8eeke.png Table 1 Key socio demographic characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-changes-to-the-edi-questions-through-the-r3wf164y.png Table 4 List of changes to the EDI questions through the adaptation process https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-internal-consistency-reliability-of-the-domains-of-1k3paz6y.png Table 10 Internal consistency reliability of the domains of the SDQ scales (Cronbach’s α) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-caregiver-and-teacher-inter-rater-reliability-nd89l8yk.png Table 8 Caregiver and teacher inter-rater reliability (younger cohort) – Means (SDs) and correlations (Spearman’s ρ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-internal-consistency-reliability-of-the-domains-of-37hc9cwg.png Table 9 Internal consistency reliability of the domains of the short and long versions of the EDI (Cronbach’s α) https://scispace.com/papers/valuation-of-an-r-d-project-with-three-types-of-uncertainty-30g5nf18s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-impacts-of-the-remaining-value-after-a-2lt008ap.png Figure 6: The impacts of the remaining value after a competitor’s technology development. This figure plots x∗, x∗c , V (x), and Vc(x) for varying levels of α. The other parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-impacts-of-the-remaining-value-after-a-3sbw9424.png Figure 7: The impacts of the remaining value after a competitor’s technology development combined with the arrival rate of a competitor’s technology development. The left and right panels plot x∗ and V (x), respectively, for varying levels of α and λ. The other parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-value-functions-the-figure-plots-v-x-t-and-vc-x-t-2njyuu9u.png Figure 1: Value functions. The figure plots V (X(t)) and Vc(X(t)) as functions of X(t). The parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-impacts-of-uncertainty-of-research-duration-3ss45ywh.png Figure 4: The impacts of uncertainty of research duration combined with the arrival rate of a competitor’s technology development. The left and right panels plot x∗ and V (x), respectively, for varying levels of h and λ, where research duration T follows a uniform distribution with [3− h, 3 + h]. The other parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-impacts-of-the-arrival-rate-of-a-competitors-27nes5d1.png Figure 5: The impacts of the arrival rate of a competitor’s technology development. This figure plots x∗, x∗c , V (x), and Vc(x) for varying levels of λ. The other parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impacts-of-uncertainty-of-research-duration-27tmvozd.png Figure 3: The impacts of uncertainty of research duration. This figure plots x∗, x∗c , V (x), and Vc(x) for varying levels of h, where research duration T follows a uniform distribution with [3− h, 3 + h]. The other parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impacts-of-market-value-uncertainty-this-figure-1ok7w7q2.png Figure 2: The impacts of market value uncertainty. This figure plots x∗, x∗c , V (x), and Vc(x) for varying levels of σ. The other parameter values are set in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/valorization-of-pomegranate-peel-from-12-cultivars-dietary-4rpxyo6awj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-water-holding-capacity-whc-solubility-and-oil-2lx5r2un.png Table 3: Water holding capacity (WHC), solubility and oil holding capacity (OHC) of pomegranate peel (PomP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-pomegranate-peel-pomp-total-3k386kw8.png Table 1: Characterization of Pomegranate peel (PomP) total dietary fiber fraction in 12 cultivars https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-neutral-sugar-percentage-of-fiber-fraction-64bugcmv.png Table 2: Relative neutral sugar percentage of fiber fraction of pomegranate peel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-glucose-retardation-index-of-pomegranate-peel-pomp-15h9u1ps.png Figure 1: Glucose retardation index (%) of pomegranate peel (PomP) of different cultivars. (♦: Sour cultivars) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-phenolic-content-of-pomegranate-peel-pomp-of-jch7vyco.png Figure 2: Total phenolic content of pomegranate peel (PomP) of different cultivars. (♦: Sour cultivars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-soluble-and-insoluble-antioxidant-activities-of-2txyrva2.png Table 4: Soluble and insoluble antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel (PomP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pca-analysis-plot-axes-1-2-a-contribution-of-17rn6fa7.png Figure 3: PCA analysis plot (axes 1-2): a) contribution of studied parameters and b) plot of 12 pomegranate cultivars https://scispace.com/papers/value-differences-as-determinants-of-importers-perceptions-eo691aaq0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-2905kxki.png Table 1: Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-measurement-model-1pbnvfp5.png Table 2: Results of the measurement model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-structural-model-2a2ggwld.png Table 3: Results of the structural model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-conceptual-model-y9kmiqus.png Figure 1: The conceptual model https://scispace.com/papers/value-of-analysts-consensus-recommendations-and-investor-3sso7xrc5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distribution-of-analysts-consensus-recommendations-zl5jruf2.png Table I: Distribution of analysts’ consensus recommendations, 1994-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-effect-of-investor-sentiment-on-analysts-consensus-kno2ur69.png Table V: Effect of investor sentiment on analysts’ consensus recommendations by stock characteristics 1994-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effect-of-investor-sentiment-on-analysts-consensus-v5hcolpw.png Table IV: Effect of investor sentiment on analysts’ consensus recommendations. HSS and LSS stocks 1994-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-ranking-of-portfolios-with-different-exposure-to-2wj26r2s.png Table IX: Ranking of portfolios with different exposure to investor sentiment 1994-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-risk-adjusted-returns-of-portfolios-with-191a17fw.png Table VIII: Risk-adjusted returns of portfolios with different exposure to investor sentiment, 1994- 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-effect-of-investor-sentiment-on-analysts-consensus-28cx84w7.png Table III: Effect of investor sentiment on analysts’ consensus recommendations. 1994-2007 Panel A: Alternative A Panel B: Alternative B https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-risk-adjusted-returns-of-positive-and-negative-1ljoy1k6.png Table VII: Risk-adjusted returns of positive and negative portfolios, 1994-2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-of-analysts-conse-us-18paxkrx.png Table II: Descriptive statistics of analysts’ conse us recommendations, 1994-2007 Panel A: All the stocks https://scispace.com/papers/vapor-pressures-of-zn-and-as-during-closed-system-zn-2brw3879w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-x-ray-powder-diffraction-pattern-of-znas-2-2siwqswx.png Table 1 X-ray Powder Diffraction Pattern of ZnAs 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-700degc-isothermal-section-in-the-ga-as-zn-system-1p8x8zey.png FIG. 1 The 700°C isothermal section in the Ga-As-Zn system. https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-flax-fibre-morphology-and-mechanical-4nf30xtw0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-image-of-fibres-extracted-from-granules-24-b-i7y3f3l7.png Figure 5. a) Image of fibres extracted from granules 24. b) Image of the cut straw flax fibres with visibly large variation in fibre bundle composition and width. Many smaller particles are present due to the shives because the complete plant is used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-log-scale-representations-of-a-scatterplot-with-r81hu340.png Figure 6. Log scale representations of (a) Scatterplot with marginal histogram for fibre width and length for unprocessed flax fibres based on number of fibres respectively (b) based on the volume of the fibres. (c) Scatterplot with marginal histogram for fibre width and length for flax fibres extracted from the granules based on number of fibres https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-processing-parameters-for-the-injection-moulding-of-3tcxo6n0.png Table 1. Processing parameters for the injection moulding of the 20 wt.-% flax fibre – 77wt.-% PP Daplen EE050AE – 3wt.-% MAPP compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-sequence-and-3qfj9q12.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the sequence and different processing steps and indication of the different phases in the process where samples were gathered to determine fibre morphology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cross-section-slice-of-tensile-bar-from-micro-23yxp2gi.png Figure 8. Cross section slice of tensile bar from micro computed thomography. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mechanical-properties-for-the-20wt-retted-straw-flax-kpx2evks.png Table 5. Mechanical properties for the 20wt.-% retted straw flax 77wt.-% PP Daplen EE050AE and 3wt.-% MAPP compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tensile-test-on-single-fibre-according-to-xp-t-25-383m758r.png Figure 3. Tensile test on single fibre according to XP T 25-501-3-2010. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-composition-of-straw-scutched-and-hackled-flax-3bfxu0mb.png Figure 1. Composition of straw, scutched and hackled flax fibres following Bos9 and flax processing chain. https://scispace.com/papers/vanadyl-sulfates-molecular-structure-magnetism-and-n4jp5vtssg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-scheme-defining-the-different-exchange-coupling-2e1l5bo4.png Figure 10. Scheme defining the different exchange coupling constants used to fit the experimental data of compounds 1 – 3 (left to right, respectively). The different J values are defined according to the magneto-structural correlation developed by Plass and Rodriguez-Fortea. See reference 38 for full details. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-late-neogene-exhumation-of-the-central-european-seqf6sl19r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ahe-dating-resultsa-2z59bpbo.png Table 3. AHe Dating Resultsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spread-of-single-grain-uncorrected-white-diamonds-rv5nu8s3.png Figure 5. Spread of single-grain uncorrected (white diamonds) and corrected (black squares) AHe ages with 1s analytical uncertainty, compared to weighted-average AHe ages (weighted according to 1s analytical uncertainty; gray diamonds and squares, respectively, with error bars as explained in Table 3) for the Guttannen and Formazza elevation profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ahe-age-elevation-profiles-and-weighted-regression-33nvvouf.png Figure 6. AHe age-elevation profiles and weighted regression relationship (dashed line, regression line; bold lines, 95% confidence interval) for the Guttannen and the Formazza areas. Weighted-average-uncorrected AHe ages were used, with error bars as explained in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-fixed-crustal-thermal-and-flexural-1cixta4x.png Table 5. Values of Fixed Crustal, Thermal, and Flexural Parameters Used in Pecube Runs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aft-dating-resultsa-12npxe08.png Table 2. AFT Dating Resultsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-decomp-modeled-ahe-ages-for-3usapbzu.png Table 4. Comparison Between Decomp Modeled AHe Ages for Different Cooling Scenariosa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simplified-geological-map-of-the-study-area-after-1ykoxjza.png Figure 1. (a) Simplified geological map of the study area [after Schmid et al., 2004]. Abbreviations are B, Bergell; DB, Dent Blanche Massif; G, Gotthard Massif; GP, Gran Paradiso Massif; Iv, Ivrea body; PA, Prealps; PAf, Peri-Adriatic fault; Pt, Penninic thrust; Sf, Simplon fault. Inset boxes noted Gut and For represent the Guttannen (Switzerland) and the Formazza (Italy), respectively, areas used in Pecube models. (b) Crustal-scale geological cross section along the NFP20-East seismic line (A-A0 in Figure 1a), showing the relationship between the main geological units [after Schmid et al., 1996]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cumulated-misfit-between-predicted-and-measured-3l1av3fi.png Figure 14. Cumulated misfit between predicted and measured AFT and AHe ages in the Guttannen and the Formazza study areas for different scenarios of single-step exhumation rate increase occurring at the age indicated on the x axis, with different intensities (200 to 700 m/Ma in black, or 300 to 1000 m/Ma in white) and a choice of relief variation. Diamonds, steady relief; squares, relief reduction from b = 1.3 to 1; triangles, relief increase from b = 0.7 to 1. See text for further details on the method. D (m = 4.8) refers to case D in Figure 15. https://scispace.com/papers/variants-of-sars-cov-2-and-the-death-toll-2096d0gvej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-curves-for-s-deep-blue-i-blue-and-r-red-with-a-2-5-c-1-1qqz7g36.png Fig. 3. Curves for S(deep-blue), I(blue) and R(red) with α = 2. 5, c = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-curves-for-s-deep-blue-i-blue-and-r-red-with-a-5-c-1-24qsf37w.png Fig. 2. Curves for S(deep-blue), I(blue) and R(red) with α = 5, c = 1, where S, I and R are numbers for susceptibles, infectives and removed, respectively, and α is the basic reproduction number, c the removed ratio. The vertical line corresponds to S, I and R. The horizontal line corresponds to a time. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-bus-transit-service-understanding-the-impacts-1dm2wxehzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1v0jb4cx.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-line-of-changes-done-to-bus-service-on-1hdzewdn.png Figure 1: Time line of changes done to bus service on Boulevard Saint Michel https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-variables-used-in-the-regression-25grr5ig.png Table 1: Description of variables used in the regression models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-route-segments-2zy39ykt.png Figure 2: Study route segments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cv-segment-running-time-and-cv-segment-running-time-2ytq3b32.png Table 4: CV segment running time and CV segment running time deviation (%) models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-segment-running-time-and-segment-runtime-deviation-2ku2erqg.png Table 3: Segment running time and segment runtime deviation (%) models https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-english-auxiliary-realization-a-new-take-on-bo1grcl5bx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-long-and-short-allomorphs-for-six-auxiliaries-1sdpqcpy.png TABLE 1. Long and short allomorphs for six auxiliaries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rate-of-h-deletion-in-two-environments-and-two-2jna2zds.png TABLE 2. Rate of /h/-deletion in two environments and two corpora https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sources-of-surface-forms-after-noun-phrase-subjects-2yfszvbs.png FIGURE 4. Sources of surface forms after noun phrase subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-surface-forms-of-four-auxiliaries-3s32ly9m.png FIGURE 7. Distribution of surface forms of four auxiliaries after NP subjects. Each point represents one token, coded for phonological shape (cont. = contracted, interm. = intermediate) and number of words in its subject. Smoothing line fit via generalized linear modeling. Values on the y-axis represent the fitted proportion of contraction for a given subject length. The choice of which forms are opposed to which differs by auxiliary for reasons explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sources-of-surface-forms-after-personal-pronoun-sscfh0kz.png FIGURE 3. Sources of surface forms after personal pronoun subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-forms-after-pronoun-subjects-in-the-2nwvp8ae.png FIGURE 1. Distribution of forms after pronoun subjects, in the Switchboard (A) and Philadelphia Neighborhood (B) corpora. Pronoun subjects were defined as detailed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-full-and-intermediate-forms-of-has-pgdene2x.png FIGURE 8. Distribution of full and intermediate forms of has after NP subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-forms-of-has-after-np-subjects-in-p81qycwi.png FIGURE 6. Distribution of forms of has after NP subjects in the Switchboard corpus. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-growth-and-developmental-responses-to-39k1mqdo23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pupal-mass-a-and-larval-duration-b-for-both-sexes-2plg7vo6.png Fig. 4. Pupal mass (A) and larval duration (B) for both sexes (female, circle; male, triangle) in the southern invasion front experiment. Each point represents the mean±SE of cup means for each temperature treatment and population (n= 10 cups of one to seven individuals). The temperature treatment at 32 ∘C was not included because of 100% mortality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportion-of-larvae-surviving-to-the-fourth-instar-3sksvbmf.png Fig. 1. Proportion of larvae surviving to the fourth instar for each population at each temperature in the latitudinal experiment. Each bar represents the number of individuals alive divided by the total number of individuals in each treatment and population combination (n= 40). The light grey bars represent 28 ∘C and the darker grey bars represent 31 ∘C. The temperature treatment at 34 ∘C had 100% mortality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proportion-of-individuals-surviving-to-pupation-in-the-31n2u5rs.png Fig. 3. Proportion of individuals surviving to pupation in the southern invasion front experiment. Cup means were calculated by dividing the number of adults by the sum of the number of adults and the number of recorded deaths for each population at each temperature (n= 10 cups of 10 individuals). The light grey points represent 26 ∘C and the darker grey points represent 29 ∘C. The temperature treatment at 32 ∘C had 100% mortality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mass-at-fourth-instar-a-and-time-to-reach-fourth-3o898tb0.png Fig. 2. Mass at fourth instar (A) and time to reach fourth instar (B) in the latitudinal experiment. Each point represents the mean±SE for each temperature treatment and population combination (n= 29–40). The temperature treatment at 34 ∘C was not included because of 100% mortality. https://scispace.com/papers/vcsel-polarization-control-for-chip-scale-atomic-clocks-lggc67thdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-polarization-controlled-vertical-cavity-surface-88sebz16.png Figure 5. Polarization-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in test setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polarization-resolved-output-from-a-conventional-2f94qucg.png Figure 1. Polarization-resolved output from a conventional VCSEL as a function of current. Both TE and TM modes are present, and polarization mode competition occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scanning-electron-micrograph-of-a-polarization-2k3owu5n.png Figure 4. Scanning electron micrograph of a polarization-controlled VCSEL with etched surface grating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vcsel-with-integrated-surface-grating-for-o0ltu2at.png Figure 2. VCSEL with integrated surface grating for polarization control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-vi-and-polarization-resolved-li-measurements-for-1gvbvgey.png Figure 6. VI and polarization-resolved LI measurements for six neighboring VCSELs with oxide apertures of 2.5 μm. The devices shown in (a) and (f) have no surface gratings and exhibit switching between polarization modes. The gratings on devices (b) and (e) are perpendicular to one another and oriented along the major crystal axes. The gratings on lasers (c) and (d) are rotated at 30° and 45° respectively, as shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-polarization-resolved-li-curves-for-a-vcsel-with-2b9ry0z8.png Figure 7. Polarization-resolved LI curves for a VCSEL with etched surface grating (left) and without a grating (right) over a large temperature range. The unmodified VCSEL exhibits polarization switching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reflectivity-of-the-upper-dbr-and-grating-macdiiru.png Figure 3. Reflectivity of the upper DBR and grating combination versus grating fill factor and etch depth for TE and TM polarizations. The broad fabrication window lies within a fill factor range of 40%–60% and an etch depth of λ/4 to λ/2. https://scispace.com/papers/vc-precipitation-kinetics-studied-by-small-angle-neutron-2loodfoypy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-amount-of-phase-fraction-transformed-during-annealing-3hqxzjr4.png Fig. 1 Amount of phase fraction transformed during annealing at 650oC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrograph-of-the-microstructure-of-the-specimen-wzzpqwdv.png Fig. 2 SEM micrograph of the microstructure of the specimen held for 7min at 650oC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-precipitate-volume-fraction-fv-comparison-between-1zl596px.png Table 1 Precipitate Volume Fraction, fV [%], comparison between ICP-OES and SANS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-log-normal-volume-distribution-dv-of-the-vc-1trsx4bj.png Fig. 5 Log-normal volume distribution, DV, of the VC precipitates during annealing at 650oC for up to 10h. The curves are based on the Rm, Np and σ values resulted from the fitting of the experimental Q2 (dΣ/dΩ)NUC results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tem-micrograph-showing-the-precipitates-in-the-2sq79tkk.png Fig. 6 TEM micrograph showing the precipitates in the ferritic matrix of the specimen annealed at 650oC for 20min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-time-evolution-of-the-ds-do-nuc-as-a-function-of-q-u2px9fwt.png Fig. 3 a) Time evolution of the (dΣ/dΩ)NUC as a function of Q measured at room temperature after annealing at 650oC for up to 10h. Only scattering from the samples heat treated under the most representative conditions is plotted. b) Calculated time evolution of Q2 (dΣ/dΩ)NUC vs. Q (data points), corresponding to Fig. 3a, after background subtraction. The thin dotted lines represent the theoretical Q2 (dΣ/dΩ)NUC curves based on Eq. 2 and the fitting parameters. Deviations in the low Q range are most probably related to difficulties in the background subtraction of contributions to the scattering intensity, not coming from the precipitates. https://scispace.com/papers/vector-parametrization-of-the-n-atom-problem-in-quantum-4p2piucj2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-29jtwag3.png FIG. 3. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-275aa4nx.png FIG. 2. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-31p7mg6s.png FIG. 1. . https://scispace.com/papers/vegetation-control-on-soil-organic-matter-dynamics-4bvjo9v0al 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carbon-storage-14c-concentration-and-estimated-mv3gmdre.png Table 3 Carbon storage, 14C concentration, and estimated decomposition constant (kn) for the 1987 litter layers under oak and pine vegetation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modeled-14cn-content-as-a-function-of-kn-calculated-26zc7axj.png Fig. 1. Modeled 14Cn content (%) as a function of kn, calculated using Eq. (5) in the text: (a) the time lag is assumed to stay constant; and (b) is assumed to increase gradually from 1946 to 1987. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-carbon-storage-14c-concentration-estimated-28xzjlg7.png Table 2 Carbon storage, 14C concentration, estimated decomposition constant (kn), and 1987 carbon input (I1987) for the A horizons under oak (0±7 cm depth) and pine (0±1 cm depth) vegetation. Numbers in parentheses are an estimate of the sampling error, and represent one standard error from the mean (n=3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-carbon-and-14c-concentration-in-the-original-r-ll-1jyvzu2g.png Table 1 Carbon and 14C concentration in the original ®ll material (0±7 cm depth). Numbers in parentheses are an estimate of the sampling error, and represent one standard error from the mean (n=4) https://scispace.com/papers/vehicle-recognition-and-tracking-using-a-generic-multisensor-44uhprskrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-reliabilities-table-2pcbohg8.png Figure 13 Reliabilities table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gradient-masks-and-the-adaptive-threshold-formula-1uvh4fe9.png Figure 4 Gradient masks and the adaptive threshold formula https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gradients-analysis-process-a-source-image-b-n5s224oh.png Figure 5 Gradient’s analysis process: (a) source image, (b) gradient image and (c) maxima https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-classification-error-as-a-function-of-the-number-y3yjc1cg.png Figure 11 Classification error as a function of the number of weak classifiers (threshold score = 0.5) (for colours see online version) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualitative-results-in-arcos-hqgyxg2m.png Table 1 Qualitative results in ARCOS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometric-filtering-process-before-and-after-26vqe4nr.png Figure 6 Geometric filtering process: before and after filtering https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vision-based-targets-generation-steps-3ecbllb2.png Figure 3 Vision-based targets generation steps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temporal-filtering-process-i00nqmsl.png Figure 7 Temporal filtering process https://scispace.com/papers/veiling-glare-in-high-dynamic-range-imaging-4v75nlm2qr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-close-up-of-a-sequence-of-captures-images-in-the-15y7d3b0.png Figure 9: A close-up of a sequence of captures. Images in the same column all have the same exposure time; four exposure times out of the total of 8 for this capture are shown. The first row has raw images for the unmasked scene. The next three rows show raw images for three different grid positions, out of the total of 36 for this experiment. These are the source images for compositing HDR images. Two composited HDR images are shown on the last row, corresponding to the non-masked capture and to the topmost of the masked captures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-method-of-direct-global-separation-by-nayar-et-1xgbrytd.png Figure 2: The method of direct/global separation by Nayar et al.[2006] seeks to separate light rays that bounce directly from the scene to the camera (ray 1) from global illumination rays that bounce multiple times in the scene (ray 2). Analogously, we seek to separate rays 1 and 2, which are both direct rays in the camera lens, from glare-causing reflected and scattered rays (ray 3) which constitute global light transport in the camera lens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-closeup-of-a-tonemapped-sequence-of-hdr-images-12fcge14.png Figure 11: A closeup of a tonemapped sequence of HDR images formed in interpolating glare removal. (a) Unoccluded original. (b) Single occluded capture rφ . The occluded regions are extracted to produce (c), the glare-only image ĝφ . This image is interpolated to form (d), the glare estimate gφ . gφ is then subtracted from (b) to produce (e), the glare-free estimate sφ . Compositing all sφ together forms (f), the complete HDR glare-free image s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-demonstrates-the-sequence-for-a-simple-1-d-scene-3bmz9fkm.png Figure 10 demonstrates the sequence for a simple 1-D scene with a single point light source, and Figure 11 illustrates the reconstruction process for an actual captured image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-illustration-of-glare-removal-for-a-1d-scene-with-1ejry4ab.png Figure 10 demonstrates the sequence for a simple 1-D scene with a single point light source, and Figure 11 illustrates the reconstruction process for an actual captured image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tonemapped-gsfs-for-three-positions-of-a-point-kf4se0f4.png Figure 3: Tonemapped GSFs for three positions of a point light source for three cameras. Each column shows GSFs for one camera, depicted on the bottom row. (a) Canon EOS 20D, (b) Canon PowerShot A640, (c) Camera tile from the Stanford Multi-Camera Array. Note that the glare patterns are not shift-invariant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-typical-arrangement-of-the-occlusion-mask-1-the-1zcgqcrm.png Figure 12: A typical arrangement of the occlusion mask (1), the scene behind it (2), and the camera (3). The mask is as close to the scene as possible to minimize defocus effects, and is mounted on a gantry which translates the mask between each HDR capture. Over the course of the experiment, the mask is translated by a total of 1 cm in X and Y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tonemapped-images-of-a-book-in-a-dark-room-against-28oge6t1.png Figure 13: Tonemapped images of a book in a dark room, against a bright window showing a neighboring building and blue sky, captured with the Canon A640. At the top left is the unmasked HDR capture, and at the top right is our glare-free result. At the bottom is a closeup of corresponding regions from each capture. Compare to the deconvolution result in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/papers/venoms-of-related-mammal-eating-species-of-taipans-oxyuranus-2eyxkwpp82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-venoms-differed-in-relative-abundances-of-a-12m6npa8.png Figure 3. Venoms differed in relative abundances of α-neurotoxin types. See Methods for venom sample details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expression-levels-of-major-venom-protein-families-3jf8fpqz.png Table 1. Expression levels of major venom protein families https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-venom-proteome-profiles-of-adult-snakes-mapped-over-2e2uxyv3.png Figure 2. Venom proteome profiles of adult snakes mapped over the species phylogeny. Protein families containing toxins known to induce poisoning in mammals are marked with a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-venom-samples-3vfzjksu.png Table 2. Venom samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-australian-taipans-and-brown-snakes-represent-an-3hlmempe.png Figure 1. Australian taipans and brown snakes represent an attractive model system to study variation in venom composition. Related mammal-eating specialist and generalist species secrete venoms that differ in the composition of mammal-targeting toxins: (a) coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus), (b) inland taipan (O. microlepidotus), (c) Ingram’s brown snake (Pseudonaja ingrami), (d) Western Desert taipan (O. temporalis) and (e) eastern brown snake (P. textilis). Photos taken by Scott Eipper (a and c), Akash Samuel (b), Brian Bush (d) and Stewart Macdonald (e). https://scispace.com/papers/venture-capital-availability-and-labor-market-performance-31p50pk5u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regressions-to-explain-the-unemployment-ratea-nfn2rj79.png Table 2. Regressions to explain the unemployment ratea) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressions-to-explain-the-employment-ratea-3j1jra7r.png Table 3. Regressions to explain the employment ratea) https://scispace.com/papers/venture-capital-in-europe-investors-and-targets-1dqs55n8dr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iii-distribution-of-vcs-y-axis-according-to-the-1ohka337.png Figure III: Distribution of VCs (y axis) according to the number of countries invested in (x axis). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shows-the-regression-results-starting-from-the-1ug6qson.png Table 6 shows the regression results. Starting from the complete model, five different specification are tested. Geographical diversification appears to have a positive and significant impact on survivorship, although the relevance of the main country plays a major role as well. This might convey the idea that the better the knowledge of the main country, the higher the success; however, everything else equal, VCs that are able to diversify geographically have a more successful portfolio than others. Industry diversification shows a negative and significant sign. VCs that are focused on a limited number of industries are able to better evaluate investment opportunities and to increase the survivorship of the VC backed firms. Year shows a positive sign, suggesting that more experienced VCs obtain lower survivorship rate. While this might be counterintuitive, further research might clarify these results. Some possible explanations include the fact that younger VCs might be more aggressive and able, therefore, to attract the best fund managers with better screening and monitoring skills. Moreover, they might apply stricter investment criteria to build a good reputation during their first years of activity. Finally, the vintage year of the VC does not coincide with the vintage year of the management firm. With reference to the dummy isolating European VCs, results show that their portfolios have a higher level of survivorship if compared to non-European investors. The remaining control variables do not seem to have a significant impact on survivorship. In particular, the dummies for investment funds and investment banks are not statistically significant, suggesting that financial intermediaries’ portfolios have a level of success comparable to other VCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-iv-investment-distribution-by-industry-sum-invested-32rotdhv.png Figure IV: Investment distribution by industry: sum invested (million euros – right axis) and targets (left axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-target-companies-upper-axis-and-sum-invested-lower-2tatm57v.png Figure I: Target companies (upper axis) and sum invested (lower axis) by each VC as at end March 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-v-evolution-of-sum-invested-th-euros-solid-line-left-2uqo0nut.png Figure V: Evolution of sum invested (th Euros, solid line, left axis) and number of investments (dotted line, right axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-average-sum-invested-per-target-data-in-thousand-3jlprrfe.png Figure II: average sum invested per target. Data in thousand Euros. https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-model-transformations-a-case-study-with-bpel-57d7wsqoni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-operational-rule-receive-3voaufsr.png Fig. 7. Operational rule receive https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-operational-rule-reinit-xs51burp.png Fig. 12. Operational rule reinit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-operational-rule-switch-2atum818.png Fig. 10. Operational rule switch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-critical-pair-analysis-in-agg-2epbjf4b.png Fig. 13. Critical Pair Analysis in AGG https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transformation-rule-delegate-2yzsq6rp.png Fig. 4. Transformation rule delegate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resulting-subprocesses-i3laso9l.png Fig. 5. Resulting subprocesses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-operational-rule-partner-1q8lubxc.png Fig. 11. Operational rule partner https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-critical-pair-between-invoke-and-delegate-16hpx83k.png Fig. 14. Critical Pair between invoke and delegate https://scispace.com/papers/verification-of-query-completeness-over-processes-3lkqzsp25x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-complexity-of-design-time-and-runtime-verification-for-2q66m98m.png Fig. 6. Complexity of design-time and runtime verification for different query languages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visualization-of-the-dimension-analysis-of-example-8-2foj6biu.png Fig. 5. Visualization of the dimension analysis of Example 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-bpmn-process-for-the-everyday-activity-of-a-b9kj94ob.png Fig. 4. Simplified BPMN process for the everyday activity of a secretary in a school https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bpmn-diagram-of-the-main-phases-of-the-school-ylfpym4j.png Fig. 1. BPMN diagram of the main phases of the school enrollment process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uml-diagram-capturing-a-fragment-of-the-school-domain-1wh3wg6r.png Fig. 2. UML diagram capturing a fragment of the school domain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bpmn-enrolment-process-of-two-schools-and-the-3sbtnvdc.png Fig. 3. BPMN enrolment process of two schools, and the corresponding QATS https://scispace.com/papers/versatile-labeling-and-detection-ofendogenous-proteins-using-8jy25sz2lv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ta-splithalo-supports-allelic-multiplexing-a-uspmzo31.png Figure 5: TA-splitHalo supports allelic multiplexing. (A) Overview of knock-in strategy. (B) Sorting and HaloTag functionalization of the knock-in alleles. (C) Workflow for TA-splitHalo biallelic sorting in AS04 cells. (D) Flow cytometry of KI AS04 cells with GFP1-10 transfection and JF646 staining. Events (2000 per panel) are shown on log10 scale, and have been gated to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ta-splithalo-architecture-scanning-a-schematic-of-10f9d49v.png Figure 2: TA-splitHalo Architecture Scanning (A) Schematic of GFP/Spy co-transfection architecture scan. Cells were transfected with a plasmid that expresses each GFP/Spy TAsplitHalo architecture and an mCherry bait expression vector tagged with SpyT alone or GFP11SpyT. (B) Raw flow cytometry depicting GFP/Spy TA-splitHalo signal (y-axis) vs. mCherry tag reporter expression (x-axis). Each plot is a random sampling of 10k singlet-gated events for each architecture with a SpyT-mCherry bait (grey) or GFP11-SpyT-mCherry (green). (C) Mean (n=3) hit rate of each GFP/Spy splitHalo architecture in samples with SpyT-mCherry (grey) or GFP11-SpyTmCherry (green). An equivalent analysis was done for ALFA/Spy architectures (D-F). For all architectures except AS01, differences from SpyT-mCherry were significant (P < 0.05) by Welch’s t-test (Figure S2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ta-splithalo-overview-and-applications-a-a-2kw9uimr.png Figure 1: TA-splitHalo Overview and Applications (A) A schematic of the TASEC concept as applied to TA-splitHalo. (1) Two orthogonal peptide tags arefused to the target protein(s). (2) Cognate binders fused to the two unfolded splitHalo fragments are recruited to the tags. (3) Confinement of the splitHalo fragments drives refolding of a functional HaloTag molecule. (B) The TA-splitHalo strategy can be applied to tag proteins by knocking-in both tags on the same target protein (left), protein interactions by knocking-in individual tags on interacting proteins (center), or tagging multiple alleles by assigning different TA-splitHalo approaches to different alleles in the same cell (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ta-splithalo-detects-interactions-between-alfa-lmna-13i3sm1b.png Figure 4 TA-splitHalo detects interactions between ALFA-LMNA and SpyT-LMNA (A) Overview of KI strategy. (B) Schematic of lamin dimerization driving TA-splitHalo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluating-signal-to-background-of-ta-splithalo-2m6g5emc.png Figure 3: Evaluating Signal to Background of TA-splitHalo Architectures in SingleCopy Cell Lines (A) Overview of knock-in strategy in single-copy detection cell lines. Short tag knock-ins on the LMNA gene were performed in cell lines pre-engineered to express the requisite detection components for each detection system off a single transcriptional unit at https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-cavity-lasers-on-p-doped-substrates-5323ena813 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extrapolated-voltage-for-zero-current-against-device-1r8qqg6x.png Fig. 3 Extrapolated voltage for zero current against device diameter for p-substrate and n-substrate VCSELs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-resistance-against-device-diameter-on-logarithmic-axes-20abstno.png Fig. 2 Resistance against device diameter on logarithmic axes with power law fits for p-substrate and n-substrate VCSELs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-room-temperature-cw-light-and-voltage-against-current-2uphdfwh.png Fig. 1 Room temperature, CW light and voltage against current characteristics for 9.1 pm diameter, 840nm p-substrate VCSEL, 9.1 pm diameter, 830nm n-substrate VCSEL, and 8.2pm diameter, 850nm nsubstrate VCSEL https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-paxos-and-primary-backup-replication-lub7xc77h7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-leader-processes-of-vertical-paxos-i-3r29uba4.png Figure 2: The leader processes of Vertical Paxos I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-master-process-of-vertical-paxos-ii-3ap066tp.png Figure 5: The master process of Vertical Paxos II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-findsafe-for-computing-a-value-safe-at-29eavsx6.png Figure 1: Algorithm FindSafe for computing a value safe at ballot b. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-phase-contrast-microscopy-by-use-of-coherent-1g390h3sro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fixed-hela-cells-in-water-with-various-sizes-of-lipid-2r15npbw.png FIG. 3. Fixed HeLa cells in water with various sizes of lipid droplets imaged at 2845 cm 1. (a and b) are, respectively, a single oscillator and local excitation phase image. (c and d) are, respectively, a 5 times averaged CARS amplitude and vibrational phase image (subtraction of the local excitation phase with the oscillator phase). (e) Background free amplitude. (f) Line cross sections of images (c, d, and e). The scaling of the phase images (a, b, and d) are the same. The scaling of the amplitude images (c and e) are also the same. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-setup-where-aom-1-is-phase-modulated-1ab8g697.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the setup, where AOM 1 is phase modulated and AOM 2 is amplitude modulated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-cascaded-phase-preserving-chain-between-2w3lngvz.png FIG. 1. Schematic of cascaded phase-preserving chain between laser, OPO, and CARS processes. (a) shows the oscillator phase detection scheme, and (b) shows the local excitation phase detection scheme. F ¼ fundamental laser (1064 nm), F ¼ modulated fundamental laser, I ¼ idler OPO, S ¼ signal OPO, and C ¼ CARS signal. In black and gray are, respectively, the resonant and nonresonant CARS processes. https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-control-by-exploiting-nonlinear-influence-in-the-13umn24fc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnitude-of-output-spectrum-1m3och4y.png Figure 1. Magnitude of output spectrum https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-properties-and-cooperativity-of-the-3d-spin-4raeb5vp1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-electronic-energy-differences-and-1vf5fhrd.png Table 3. Calculated electronic energy differences and principal metal-ligand bonds lengths for the model of LS and HS–Fe(1) in LS-Fe(II) and Zn(II) matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-lattice-dynamical-parameters-determined-by-nis-200ovruc.png Table 1. Main lattice dynamical parameters determined by NIS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimentally-obtained-pdos-of-1-at-305-k-a-and-30-1t90qjpb.png Figure 1. Experimentally obtained pDOS of 1 at 305 K (a) and 30 K (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimentally-obtained-pdos-of-2-at-305-k-a-and-80-2znnpbex.png Figure 2. Experimentally obtained pDOS of 2 at 305 K (a) and 80 K (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-dependence-of-the-calculated-cam-b3lyp-2wo1atpq.png Figure 6. Temperature dependence of the calculated (CAM-B3LYP/CEP-31G) vibrational entropy change for the LS(LS matrix) -> HS(LS matrix) (in black) and LS(Zn_matrix) -> HS(Zn_matrix) (in red) in 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-pdos-for-ls-fe-1-a-in-a-ls-and-b-in-a-zn-2nkqq8ht.png Figure 7. Calculated pDOS for LS Fe(1) a in a LS and b in a Zn(II) matrix . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-perspective-view-of-1-2ox3elf4.png Figure 3. Perspective view of 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calculated-pdos-for-hs-fe-1-a-in-a-ls-and-b-in-a-zn-3pc075c5.png Figure 8. Calculated pDOS for HS Fe(1) a in a LS and b in a Zn(II) matrix. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-properties-of-organic-donor-acceptor-molecular-40exftn70v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eigenvectors-of-the-intermolecular-lattice-vibrations-daetv2h9.png FIG. 4. Eigenvectors of the intermolecular lattice vibrations in the anthracene-PMDA crystal. Only one donor-acceptor pair is shown for clarity. The calculated vibrational frequencies are for αPBE with 25% HFE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-low-frequency-apbe-calculated-red-bars-and-11ebyfrh.png FIG. 3. Low-frequency αPBE calculated (red bars) and experimental (blue lines) Raman spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eigenvectors-of-the-ir-active-low-frequency-vibrations-1ma53xtd.png FIG. 5. Eigenvectors of the IR-active low-frequency vibrations in the anthracene-PMDA crystal as obtained at the αPBE level using 25% HF exchange. A single donor-acceptor pair is shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-and-crystal-structure24-of-anthracene-pmda-295p3n3j.png FIG. 1. Chemical and crystal structure24 of anthracene-PMDA. The long, short, and z (perpendicular to the plane) molecular axes are shown in red, with the origin defined at the center of mass. The green arrow indicates the donor-acceptor pair with the largest direct electronic coupling (tDA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-valence-and-conduction-bands-of-the-anthracene-pmda-225r41m4.png FIG. 2. Valence and conduction bands of the anthracene-PMDA crystal at the experimental geometry obtained using the αPBE functional with different HFE amounts (solid lines) and G0W0 (crosses). The points of high symmetry in the first Brillouin zone are labeled as follows: Γ= (0,0,0), X = (0.5,0,0), Y= (0,0.5,0), B= (0,0,0.5), C= (0.5,0.5,0), A= (0.5,0,0.5), E= (0.5,0.5,0.5), and D= (0,0.5,0.5), all in crystallographic coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fundamental-gap-valence-bandwidth-vbw-conduction-2zhtde04.png TABLE II. Fundamental gap, valence bandwidth (VBW), conduction bandwidth (CBW), direct and effective electronic couplings, as calculated at the αPBE level with 25% HFE, based on anthracene-PMDA crystal geometries optimized with different HFE amounts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-apbe-calculated-and-experimental-low-frequency-32u27woz.png TABLE III. αPBE calculated and experimental low-frequency Raman-active phonons (cm−1) in the anthracenePMDA crystal. L—libration, A—anthracene, and P—PMDA. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrations-and-strength-functions-in-37ar-4xx67wsm3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3afi3gtr.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/vibronic-model-for-intercommunication-of-localized-spins-via-3zoyaj0cou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adiabatic-energy-levels-in-the-case-strong-transfer-1f4613t8.png Figure 3. Adiabatic energy levels in the case strong transfer limit. ℏ𝜔𝜔 = 200𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐−1, 𝑡𝑡 = 1.0 ℏ𝜔𝜔, 𝐽𝐽 = −0.5ℏ𝜔𝜔. Coloring is the same as in Figure2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electronic-energy-levels-in-the-strong-exchange-2wu7aisk.png Figure 4. Electronic energy levels in the strong exchange limit (a), and vibronic energy levels calculated at �𝜔𝜔 = 200 cm−1, 𝑡𝑡 = 0.15 �𝜔𝜔, 𝐽𝐽 = −0.5�𝜔𝜔 (b). Coloring is the same as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-model-spin-sites-in-partially-delocalized-2s40okuu.png Figure 1. The model spin sites in partially delocalized system: B-C-unit-MV dimer separating two localized spins A and D (left); image of the out-of-phase PKS vibration 𝑞𝑞−. Expanded and compressed (as compare to their average sizes, left) sites are denoted by the enlarged and decreased balls (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-electronic-energy-levels-in-the-strong-transfer-n2n816c9.png Figure 8. Electronic energy levels in the strong transfer limit (a), and vibronic energy levels calculated at �𝜔𝜔 = 200 cm−1, 𝑡𝑡 = 0.8 �𝜔𝜔, 𝐽𝐽 = −0.1 �𝜔𝜔 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adiabatic-energy-levels-calculated-in-the-strong-99gitneq.png Figure 2. Adiabatic energy levels calculated in the strong exchange limit with the parameters ℏ𝜔𝜔 = 200𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐−1, 𝑡𝑡 = 0.2 ℏ𝜔𝜔, 𝐽𝐽 = −0.5ℏ𝜔𝜔. Coloring: S=3/2 – blue, https://scispace.com/papers/video-rate-localization-in-multiple-maps-for-wearable-lb89f8crvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-demonstration-both-of-multiple-maps-and-3vpyqn6e.png Figure 4. A demonstration both of multiple maps and robustness to self similarity of maps. 12 maps were made of 15 desks, and each desk was augmented with the user’s name and research group. (1,2) Hand-held camera and active camera view working in the same map (3) AR added to map, (4) another map created and labelled, (5) attempting relocalization (6–8) successful relocalization on different maps (9–12) Creation of maps on two sparsely featured desks, and subsequent successful relocalization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-desk-top-scene-a-and-a-comparison-of-the-3d-maps-wy25bbsi.png Figure 1. A desk-top scene (a), and a comparison of the 3D maps obtained after 20 seconds’ acquisition at 30 Hz frame rate using (b) the parallel tracking and mapping method of [9] and (c) monoSLAM [4]. The far greater feature density in (b) is evident. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-demonstration-of-the-ability-to-move-between-38ly31wv.png Figure 5. A demonstration of the ability to move between overlapping maps, and relocate maps that have moved. (1,2) Map of room created, and AR overlay added (3) map on mobile robot created, and labelled (4) robot map tracked over a large scale change (5) switching back to the room map (6) switching to the robot map (7,8) after robot has moved relocalization is successful on the room and robot map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-demonstration-of-exploring-a-large-scale-1pi4nq4t.png Figure 6. A demonstration of exploring a large scale environment containing five maps, with augmented reality overlays over multiple building floors. (1–4) Creation and labelling of four of the maps (5–7) relocalization onto three of the maps (8–11) successful relocalization at a later time (12) failure to relocalize. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-configuration-two-cameras-feeding-a-map-1joe9011.png Figure 2. System configuration: two cameras feeding a map maker, which is used to build an array of maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-view-of-the-wearable-camera-system-showing-the-tikjk9ay.png Figure 3. View of the wearable camera system, showing the following elements: (1) Hand-held display with camera mounted on the rear for AR applications. (2) Active camera capable of pan, and tilt. (3) Inertial measurement unit (IMU). https://scispace.com/papers/vineland-adaptive-behavior-scales-ii-profile-of-young-3z2cw6iain 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-equivalent-vineland-ii-profile-present-study-vs-25rclbi7.png Figure 1. Age equivalent Vineland-II profile Present Study vs. Perry et al., (2009) Autism Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standard-score-profile-vineland-ii-profile-present-jyq19j8x.png Figure 2. Standard score profile Vineland-II profile Present Study vs. Vineland-II manual (Sparrow et al., 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hierarchical-regression-analyses-of-vineland-ii-2ecaqvoq.png Table 5 Hierarchical regression analyses of Vineland-II standard scores and age, DQ, and ADOS Calibrated Severity Score (CSS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-vineland-ii-standard-ss-and-age-2mivqg4e.png Table 4 Correlations between Vineland-II Standard (SS) and Age Equivalent (AE) Scores, Cognitive Level, and Autism Severity (N = 77). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-standard-deviation-for-vineland-ii-age-2yo14f3e.png Table 3 Mean and standard deviation for Vineland-II age equivalent scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-2jy4bi3o.png Table 1 Participant Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-for-vineland-ii-2o3ry7h5.png Table 2 Means and Standard Deviations for Vineland-II Standard Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hierarchical-regression-analyses-of-vineland-ii-age-1p7vivwg.png Table 6 Hierarchical regression analyses of Vineland-II age equivalent scores and age, DQ, and ADOS Calibrated Severity Score (CSS) https://scispace.com/papers/viral-cross-linking-and-solid-phase-purification-enables-9jr52q1dv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-troubleshooting-table-2vahj8b9.png Table 1 Troubleshooting table https://scispace.com/papers/violations-of-a-leggett-garg-inequality-without-signaling-3ko85w3pjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimentally-determined-values-of-the-inferred-joint-2tviwys0.png FIG. 4. Experimentally determined values of the inferred joint probabilities P ′(n3,n2) (for n2,n3 = A,B,C) as a function of the parameter θ2 (the other parameters fixed as in Fig. 3). Theoretical predictions are represented by curves and lines, and the experimental results by symbols. That P ′ takes on negative values is indicative of the quantum-mechanical quasiprobabilistic nature of these quantities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimentally-determined-values-of-the-lg-correlator-1la8t04g.png FIG. 3. Experimentally determined values of the LG correlator and upper bound for a second set of parameters: θ1 = 0.831π, χ1 = χ2 = 0.688π, φ1 = φ2 = 0.423π and a range of values of θ2. In this case, the focus is on the ambiguously measured correlator KA and its bound 1 + A. Results are also shown for the unambiguously measured K and 1 + . For θ2 = 0.831π , we observe a value of KA = 1.483 ± 0.031 while both 1 + A and 1 + are close to 1, within experimental certainty. At this point, then, we observe LGI violations in the absence of signaling for both measurement types. Other details as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimentally-determined-values-of-the-lg-correlator-exumyw9n.png FIG. 2. Experimentally determined values of the LG correlator K and the corresponding right-hand side 1 + of the modified LGI, Eq. (4), with evolution parameters θ1 = 0, χ1 = χ2 − π/2 = π/4, φ1 = φ2 = 0 and a range of θ2 values. These parameters are chosen to maxmize the value of the unambiguously measured K . However, although we have K 1 for all values of θ2, we have K 1 + throughout the tested range. Thus when the observed signaling is taken into account, the modified LGI, Eq. (4), is never violated. For completeness, we also plot the ambiguously measured KA and 1 + A for the same parameters. Here, too, we observe KA 1 1 + A and no violations are recorded. Theoretical predictions are represented by curves and lines, and the experimental results by symbols. Error bars include both the statistical uncertainty and the error due to the inaccuracy of the wave plate alignment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-for-the-test-of-lgi-the-heralded-sqj7qnv9.png FIG. 1. Experimental setup for the test of LGI. The heralded single photons are created via type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a β-barium-borate (BBO) nonlinear crystal and are injected into the optical network (see figure for acronyms). The first polarizing beam splitter (PBS), half-wave plates (HWPs) at 45◦ and BD1 are used to generate the initial qutrit state. The evolution operations U21 and U32 are realized by HWPs and beam displacers (BDs). The projective measurement at time t3 is realized via the last BD which maps the basis states of the qutrit into three spatial modes. Detecting heralded single photons means in practice registering coincidences between the trigger detector D0 and each of the detectors for measurement D1, D2, and D3. The unambiguous and ambiguous measurements at time t2 are realized by blocking two channels or one channel at a time. https://scispace.com/papers/viral-mimicking-protein-nanoparticle-vaccine-for-eliciting-5awlc4glra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physicochemical-characterization-of-functionalized-dn4jzrzf.png Fig. 1. Physicochemical characterization of functionalized nanoparticles. A) Functionalization of the E2 nanoparticle (E2; 28105 Da monomer) with the CKVPRNQDWL peptide (gp-E2) shows a broad band in the 30e35 kDa range, supporting heterogeneous conjugation of the gp100 peptide to the external E2 lysines. Simultaneous conjugation of gp100 peptide and CpG (lane CpG-gp-E2) shows two distinct broad signals in the 30e35 kDa and 35e40 kDa range. B) Representative DLS data reveal nanoparticle sizes within the optimal reported vaccine size range. C) Transmission electron micrograph of CpG-gp-E2 stained with 2% uranyl acetate confirms monodisperse, intact nanoparticles. Scale bar is 100 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pmel-1-cd8th-t-cells-show-increased-antigen-specific-3678hg2d.png Fig. 2. Pmel-1 CD8þ T cells show increased antigen-specific IFN-g secretion when stimulated by BMDCs loaded with the CpG-gp-E2 nanoparticle, compared to other formulations. IFN-g levels measured with ELISA were normalized to the free gp100 peptide formulation (gp100) as baseline. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. (n ¼ 3) and were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test comparing all means to CpG-gp-E2 within each concentration (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mice-immunized-with-cpg-gp-e2-and-gp100-th-cpg-e2-3knmxt17.png Fig. 4. Mice immunized with CpG-gp-E2 and gp100 þ CpG-E2 formulations exhibited increased secondary lymphoid organ antigen presenting cell numbers in the A) draining lymph nodes and B) spleens. Vaccine formulations with antigen contained 5 mg each of gp100 peptide and CpG ODN (either free or E2-bound). Cells measured in the secondary lymphoid organs included natural killer cells (NK), dendritic cells (DC), B cells, macrophages (Mac), T cells, CD8þ T cells, and CD4þ T cells. Data is presented as average ± S.E.M. total cell numbers relative to the PBS control of at least 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey's test, with a pairwise comparison of all statistical means. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared to the PBS background control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pmel-1-cd8th-t-cells-exhibit-increased-proliferative-3n29emsc.png Fig. 3. Pmel-1 CD8þ T cells exhibit increased proliferative capacity when cultured in the presence of BMDCs loaded with the CpG-gp-E2 nanoparticle, compared to other gp100 formulations (100 nM gp100 peptide, either free or E2-bound). (A) Representative flow cytometry histograms of CFSE-labeled CD8þ T cells show increased proliferation in the CpG-gp-E2 group. (B) The CpG-gp-E2 nanoparticle induced the greatest CTL proliferative capacity. Data represents mean proliferation index (PI) ± S.E.M. (n ¼ 3) and is normalized to the free gp100 peptide formulation. Statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test comparing all groups to CpG-gp-E2 (**p < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-immunization-with-the-cpg-gp-e2-nanoparticle-increased-1pjalev3.png Fig. 5. Immunization with the CpG-gp-E2 nanoparticle increased the gp100-specific CTL response. Cells were isolated from the A) draining lymph nodes and B) spleens of mice immunized with different formulations (5 mg gp100 peptide and 5 mg CpG; unbound or bound to E2) and were cultured ex vivo in the presence of KVPRNQDWL peptide (gp100) or irrelevant SIINFEKL peptide (OVA) and analyzed for IFN-g-secreting cells by ELISpot. The lower panels show representative wells from the immunization groups for negative control irrelevant peptide (OVA) and tumor antigen peptide (gp100). Data is presented as average ± S.E.M. spots per million cells from at least 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test, comparing all means to CpG-gp-E2 (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-splenocytes-from-mice-receiving-a-single-immunization-3g8027pb.png Fig. 6. Splenocytes from mice receiving a single immunization of the CpG-gp-E2 (50 mg) nanoparticle formulation exhibited enhanced lytic ability toward B16-F10 melanoma cells (measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase). Data is presented as average ± S.E.M. % lysis of at least 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test, comparing all means to CpGgp-E2 (*p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-various-gp100-formulations-used-in-this-38x131tc.png Table 1 List of various gp100 formulations used in this study and their respective abbreviations (gp100 peptide sequence: KVPRNQDWL). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-immunization-with-the-cpg-gp-e2-nanoparticle-delayed-18hxo1g5.png Fig. 7. Immunization with the CpG-gp-E2 nanoparticle delayed B16-F10 tumor growth and experiments. Mice (n ¼ 5 per group) were immunized subcutaneously with CpG-gp-E2 (5 Days 28 and 14, followed by tumor challenge at Day 0. A) Immunization with CpG-g represents the tumor growth of a single animal. B) Immunization with CpG-gp-E2 significa test). https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-reality-and-photogrammetry-for-improved-4mc9b59wyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-information-flow-in-the-authors-system-twc3hv5t.png Figure 1: Information Flow In The Authors’ System https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-angular-domain-channel-estimation-for-fdd-based-1czhrgbh4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-per-user-achievable-rate-performance-of-the-zwh41rwz.png Fig. 11. Per-user achievable rate performance of the conventional LS method and the ADCE scheme with Np = 2N = 30 as the functions of the coherent block size J , given two different system’s SNRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-nmse-performance-of-the-adce-scheme-as-a-function-of-1dpf7rrw.png Fig. 12. NMSE performance of the ADCE scheme as a function of the angle spread ∆ϕ, given SNR = 20 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-the-omp-gso-algorithm-as-a-function-of-2nirpx4i.png Fig. 4. Performance of the OMP-GSO algorithm as a function of the dictionary size Q. ∆ϕ = 8◦ and the other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-per-user-achievable-rate-performance-of-the-1h7ocn1b.png Fig. 10. Per-user achievable rate performance of the conventional LS method and the ADCE scheme with Np = 2N as the functions of the number of orthogonal pilot Np, given two different system’s SNRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-nmse-performance-as-the-functions-of-the-systems-snr-lq01g934.png Fig. 9. NMSE performance as the functions of the system’s SNR for the conventional LS method and the ADCE scheme with three different combinations of the dominant angular set size and the number of orthogonal pilots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-default-parameters-of-the-simulated-fdd-massive-20hv1tv4.png TABLE I THE DEFAULT PARAMETERS OF THE SIMULATED FDD MASSIVE MIMO SYSTEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-minimum-interference-pilot-assignment-36gdn9mz.png Fig. 8. An example of minimum interference pilot assignment, where M = 8, K = 3, N = 3, ΩDL1 = {1, 2, 3}, Ω DL 2 = {1, 3, 4}, and Ω DL 2 = {1, 5, 6}, while Np = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-virtual-angular-domain-channel-2uxfcoog.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the virtual angular-domain channel sparsity. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-reality-navigation-system-for-prostate-biopsy-1l7r0glhw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-during-the-navigation-the-screen-offers-a-1rwa5etr.png Figure 2. During the navigation, the screen offers a stereoscopic 3D volumetric rendering and multiple orthogonal views of the patient anatomy. In both 2D and 3D views, the position of the needle and the target point are visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-the-proposed-navigation-system-a-rigid-transform-21ojzzpq.png Figure 1. In the proposed navigation system, a rigid transform registers the position of the needle to the patient MRI. The surgeon is offered a real-time visual feedback of the position of the needle in the MRI volume https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-team-role-play-using-second-life-for-teaching-5cjnw7gzb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-avatars-with-business-appearance-39tgs009.png Figure 3. Examples of avatars with business appearance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-executive-meeting-room-used-at-the-kamimo-35q01mtn.png Figure 2. The executive meeting room used at the Kamimo virtual campus in Second Life https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-method-for-development-of-the-learning-environment-27sne9or.png Figure 1. Method for development of the learning environment over several semesters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questions-with-numbered-alternatives-the-scales-and-7dl9bngq.png Table 1. Questions with numbered alternatives, the scales and the average result of answers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snap-shot-of-from-the-presentation-by-the-sales-3ucyt90j.png Figure 4. Snap-shot of from the presentation by the sales team from SAP Business ByDesign https://scispace.com/papers/viscous-attenuation-of-a-detonation-wave-propagating-in-a-1toouib2xh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-computational-domain-3gpg42oq.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the computational domain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mach-number-distribution-detonation-initiation-1mgasrfy.png Fig. 2. Mach number distribution: detonation initiation snapshot at t = 1.8090× 10−5 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pressure-distribution-detonation-propagation-snapshot-a6sbit26.png Fig. 5. Pressure distribution: detonation propagation snapshot at t = 1.8090× 10−05 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temperature-distribution-detonation-propagation-1fubxaez.png Fig. 6. Temperature distribution: detonation propagation snapshot at t = 1.8090 × 10−5 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mach-number-distribution-detonation-propagation-3u399lvi.png Fig. 4. Mach number distribution: detonation propagation snapshot at t = 1.0107 × 10−4 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mach-number-distribution-detonation-propagation-fer0hgsv.png Fig. 3. Mach number distribution: detonation propagation snapshot at t = 5.9636 × 10−5 s https://scispace.com/papers/vision-based-landing-of-a-simulated-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-52p81yzi83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-state-space-representation-iotybsj1.png Figure 2. State space representation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uav-landing-complexity-3iwfc0yy.png Table 2. UAV Landing Complexity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-space-parameters-1arkqorc.png Table 1. State Space Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-samples-of-the-learned-path-2dznmpjz.png Figure 4. Samples of the learned path https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-sequence-of-the-landing-2s8qrsd5.png Figure 3. Image Sequence of the Landing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-rbf-and-pbf-3r6s2776.png Table 3. Comparison of RBF and PBF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-environment-3qobqt97.png Figure 1. Simulated environment https://scispace.com/papers/vision-based-pedestrian-detection-will-ants-help-195i8s5bwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-artificial-ants-move-to-one-pixel-of-the-shaded-set-wvrd0v64.png Fig. 6 Artificial ants move to one pixel of the shaded set (namedline A) by calculating the quality of each pixel of line A and of the white region (namedlin B). The figures illustrate the set of pixels evaluated by ants when they cross region 1 (a), region 2 (b), region 3 (c), and region 4 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-computation-of-the-bounding-box-size-given-the-2et1imvk.png Fig. 1 (a) Computation of the bounding box size given the intrinsic parameters and the size and distance of a pedestrian;(b) exhaustive search for candidates in the whole image;(c) the search area can be limited to a stripe given the extrinsic parameters and a flat scene assumption;(d) the displacement and height of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-example-of-a-synthetic-image-used-for-experiments-11z5l8zd.png Fig. 7 (a) Example of a synthetic image used for experiments with artificial ants; (b) map of the world-matrix on which artificial ants move; (c) map of the pheromone trails deposed by ants after two cycles have been completed; (d) xample of the result obtained by the best purely stochastic ant after two cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intermediate-results-leading-to-the-localization-of-mel6a7r6.png Fig. 2 Intermediate results leading to the localization of bounding boxes:(a) original image;(b) clusterized image;(c) vertical edges;(d) histogram representing grey level symmetries;(e)histogram representing vertical edges symmetries;(f) histogram representing vertical edges density;(g) histogram representing the overall symmetry S for the best bounding box for each column;(h) the resulting bounding box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-selection-of-the-best-bounding-box-for-each-symmetry-1aakpq4c.png Fig. 3 (a) Selection of the best bounding box for each symmetry axis;(b) selection of the best symmetry axes;(c) selection of the best candidates for each selected axis by choosing the bounding box which maximizes the symmetry and density of vertical edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-result-of-low-level-processing-in-different-situations-18wumn8i.png Fig. 4 Result of low-level processing in different situations:(a) a correct detection of two pedestrians(b) a complex scenario in which only the central pedestrian is detected, and the high symmetry of a tree has been detected as well;(c) two crossing pedestrians have been localized, but other symmetrical areas are https://scispace.com/papers/visual-analytics-of-paleoceanographic-conditions-dsffvv5qpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-best-analogs-trough-time-1gxpd9c8.png Figure 6: Best analogs trough time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uncluttering-parallel-coordinates-by-changing-the-1tqoisfz.png Figure 9: Uncluttering Parallel Coordinates by changing the axis order https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-analytical-reasoning-and-reconstruction-by-means-of-20bfne5r.png Figure 8: Analytical reasoning and reconstruction by means of interaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-multiple-linked-views-in-paleoanalogs-1677jfq2.png Figure 10: Multiple linked views in PaleoAnalogs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quin-species-as-an-indicator-of-analog-33q96om7.png Figure 4: QUIN Species as an indicator of analog dissimilarity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analogs-geographic-distribution-272vnnoe.png Figure 5: Analogs geographic distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reconstruction-visually-driven-by-parallel-1t37flcn.png Figure 7: Reconstruction visually driven by Parallel Coordinates https://scispace.com/papers/visual-cues-of-threat-elicit-greater-steady-state-a13e8ij44w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-centred-iqr-ratio-divided-by-the-median-1sjuhwdt.png Table 1. Median-centred (±IQR) ratio (divided by the median rating attributed to neutral pictures) for the final sample of 8 death- and threat-related pictures selected from the IAPS database, according to their ability to evoke disgust, brevity of life, fear of death, sense of threat, surprise, valence and arousal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-base-rate-response-snr-baseline-corrected-power-4kc4a4cw.png Fig. 4. Base rate response. SNR baseline-corrected power spectra grand-averaged across the entire EEG electrodes set-up in the four different conditions recorded in experiment 1 (A) and experiment 2 (B). Base rate harmonics are visible at 10 and 15 Hz. Death-related signal is depicted in red while threat-related signal in blue. Control conditions are mattified. Peak topographical activity at 5 Hz was distributed at bilateral parieto-occipital scalp regions in both experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sem-power-for-both-deviant-and-base-rate-across-3vh6a04p.png Table 2. Mean (±SEM) power for both deviant and base rate across the four experimental conditions in experiment 1 (top) and 2 (bottom). Summary values are display according to the pooled activity across the scalp, the right parietal-occipital (RPO) region of interest (ROI), the left parietal-occipital (LPO) ROI, and the occipital (OCC) ROI. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-focus-of-attention-estimation-with-unsupervised-2qrrqp88u3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-frames-from-the-three-datasets-that-have-2efiy74c.png Fig. 5. Example frames from the three datasets that have beenus d for evaluation. Top TA2 dataset, middle: PETS 2003 dataset, andbottom IHPD dataset. (Faces have been blurred artificially in this figure). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-illustration-of-vfoa-estimation-and-the-type-1z0xgm5c.png Fig. 1. Graphical illustration of VFOA estimation and the type of setting that is used. Targets 1 to 4 are persons, 5 corresponds to the table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-visualisation-of-vfoa-classification-over-time-for-two-1b6ia69c.png Fig. 8. Visualisation of VFOA classification over time for two example videos from TA2 and IHPD (best viewed in colour.) Red circles show the ground truth VFOA targets and blue crosses the output of a k-NearestN ighbour classifier with the proposed clustering algorithm. Clusters 1, 2, 3 from the top example and 4 and 5 from the bottom have not been found by the initial on-line learning algorithm, and thus are not recognised. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-vfoa-recognition-rate-for-the-three-datasets-with-3ukd48os.png Fig. 9. VFOA recognition rate for the three datasets with varying number of training iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-vfoa-recognition-rate-of-the-proposed-algorithm-cv0fkv6f.png TABLE IV VFOA RECOGNITION RATE OF THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM WITH AND WITHOUT PARTICLE FILTER INTEGRATION, AND WITH FIXED OR LEARNT TRANSITION PROBABILITY MATRIX A COMPARED TO A CLASSICAL SUPERVISED APPROACH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-hidden-markov-model-used-to-estimate-the-hidden-8zetrya2.png Fig. 4. The Hidden Markov Model used to estimate the hidden discrete variablev (the VFOA target) from the observationstt (feature vectors) using the learnt transition probability matrixA. https://scispace.com/papers/visual-perception-of-texture-regularity-conjoint-3shld78ya3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deviance-values-p-values-for-the-main-effect-of-2mvw1kxw.png Table 1. Deviance values (p-values) for the main effect of element spacing (Model 2), size (Model 3) and jitter (Model 4), tested against the Baseline model (Model 1). The deviance values were calculated from likelihood-ratio tests (see Methods for details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deviance-values-p-values-for-the-interaction-effect-ikv9p6jq.png Table 2. Deviance values (p-values) for the interaction effect of element spacing × jitter (Model 5 vs. 8), element size × jitter (Model 6 vs. 9) and element spacing × size (Model 7 vs. 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-deviance-values-p-values-for-the-three-way-23znsruu.png Table 3. Deviance values (p-values) for the three-way interaction effect of element spacing × size × jitter (Model 11 vs. 12) https://scispace.com/papers/visual-prognosis-of-eyes-with-submacular-hemorrhage-11nzgpjljn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-cross-sectional-image-of-the-fovea-obtained-with-bblisw25.png Fig. 1 a A cross-sectional image of the fovea obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT) of an eye with acute submacular hemorrhage associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Using an acute OCT image, three https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-of-initial-visual-acuity-with-other-2fda7vjy.png Table 2 Association of initial visual acuity with other measurements obtained at the initial examination https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-and-final-conditions-of-patients-with-b99i7c2i.png Table 1 Initial and final conditions of patients with submacular hemorrhage associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-of-final-visual-acuity-with-measurements-1ao9mdf7.png Table 4 Association of final visual acuity with measurements obtained at the initial examination https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-of-final-visual-acuity-with-other-x0e4q827.png Table 3 Association of final visual acuity with other measurements obtained at the final examination https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-for-large-scale-gaussian-updates-fn3qi1ld9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-toy-problem-showing-medals-for-various-1xnyfrwh.png Figure 1: Toy problem showing medals for various configurations of the prior variance and observation error variance, and the proximity of other observations. The prior process is stationary with standard deviation 2 and correlation length 30. See Section 3.2 for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-medal-plot-for-grace-footprints-over-antarctica-w65fco03.png Figure 2: Medal plot for GRACE footprints over Antarctica, with distances in kilometres. The solid line is the grounding line (where the ice begins to float), and the dashed line is the coastline (which includes the floating ice). See Section 4 for details of the application and observations. We have used a semi-transparent blue instead of white for the annulus. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-functionality-of-virtual-factories-5az8cu8wja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overall-display-of-dashboard-user-interface-portal-1ur5fyvk.png Figure 5: Overall display of dashboard user interface portal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-conceptual-architectural-framework-for-virtual-1bzo0wm6.png Figure 1: A conceptual architectural framework for virtual factory environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-user-login-page-within-dashboard-portal-1i6ajb9j.png Figure 4: User login page within dashboard portal. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-membrane-fusion-one-particle-at-a-time-7v3x2kxa21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualizing-membrane-fusion-through-fluorescence-2kl4t4xr.png Figure 2. Visualizing membrane fusion through fluorescence signals. Labeled and surface-immobilized fusogenic particles are depicted on the left of each panel. Grayscale images, as captured on a CCD camera, and three-dimensional fluorescence profiles above those images show how the recorded and peak intensity, respectively, of a particle’s fluorescence signal change through the time course of fusion at a fusion site. Quantifying the fluorescence intensity present in the CCD images provides “intensity vs time” diagrams. (A) Dequenching upon hemifusion to a large, planar bilayer (black) with outward diffusion of lipophilic dyes (red) from the fusion site. When the dequenching signal arises from content mixing of two vesicles, as described by Kyoung et al.,11 diffusion away from the site of fusion is not possible. (B) Dissipative fluorescence loss upon escape of an aqueous fluorescence signal (purple) from the lumen of a fusogenic particle through the fusion pore. A similar fluorescence signal is obtained for lipid mixing when dequenching does not occur. (C) FRET-based detection of hemifusion between two immobilized and labeled fusogenic vesicles (red and cyan). Independent excitation of acceptor and donor dyes allows for visualization of each of the overlapping vesicles. Only after fusion is the acceptor vesicle visualized via donor dye excitation, producing a strong FRET efficiency signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observing-membrane-fusion-in-vitro-utilizing-3at8mu0m.png Figure 3. Observing membrane fusion in vitro utilizing fluorescence. Fusogenic proteins are drawn as light brown half-cylinders, and docking elements, such as t-SNARE proteins or receptor molecules, are drawn as complementary half-cylinders. Lipophilic dye labeling is colored red and content labeling purple. (A) Observation of the transitions from particle docking to hemifusion as implemented by Wessels et al.47 and others.10,55−58 The following kinetics were obtained: the residency time between docking and the dequenching fusion signal, tRes; the two-dimensional diffusion constant of the lipophilic dye away from the site of fusion; and, in some instances, the time between fusion and the onset of outward dye diffusion, tDelay. (B) Transitions from triggering fusion to full fusion with a polymer cushion-supported (black mesh below lipids) planar bilayer as implemented by Floyd et al.38 The following kinetics were obtained: time between fusion trigger and hemifusion, tH; the time between trigger and full fusion, tF; and the time between hemifusion and full fusion, tHL, which is the lifetime of the hemifused state. (C) Transitions from triggering fusion to full fusion to an immobilized target vesicle as implemented by Kyoung et al.11 In contrast to panels A and B, immobilization is achieved through avidin (brown rectangles)−biotin (green cones) interaction rather than through a fusion-related interaction. Accessible kinetics are similar to those in panel B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluorescent-dyes-for-visualizing-membrane-fusion-1qyrvzwg.png Table 1. Fluorescent Dyes for Visualizing Membrane Fusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-states-of-protein-mediated-membrane-fusion-that-can-3nndly2u.png Figure 1. States of protein-mediated membrane fusion that can be accessed by fluorescence microscopy. (A) Two bilayers (red and black) are in close apposition and separate two luminal compartments (blue and gray). Fusion proteins (brown cylinders) in their extended conformation couple the two bilayers and are formed following unfolding of a viral surface fusion protein or v-SNARE−t-SNARE interaction during docking of a synaptic vesicle. (B) The initial refolding of fusion proteins back upon themselves brings sections of the two membranes into yet closer apposition and facilitates the onset of hemifusion, which is an intermediate state characterized by merger of the proximal leaflets from each of the two bilayers. In this state, lipid molecules are able to exchange between the two proximal leaflets, as indicated by mixing of the red and black lipids. (C) Additional fusion protein rearrangements cause full fusion, a state characterized by the merger of the distal leaflets and the formation of a pore connecting the two previously separated compartments to allow content mixing. In the case of viral fusion, pore formation creates a corridor through which the viral genome can pass, while in SNARE-mediated fusion, the fusion pore may be closed before all contents have been released. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-vivo-visualization-of-membrane-fusion-during-2wazu61u.png Figure 4. In vivo visualization of membrane fusion during viral infection and synaptic firing. (A) Lipid mixing and content release during viral infection as utilized by Miyauchi et al.64 and described in the text. The lipophilic dye for monitoring membrane mixing is colored red, content labeling purple, and the velocity of viral movement light blue. Dual-labeled viruses first bind to the target cell at the start of path 2. Once fusion is synchronized, the virus may undergo hemifusion with the plasma membrane via path 1 or 3, or with the endosome via path 2 or 3 that releases the viral contents into the target cell. (B) Subquantal and full quantal content release during synaptic vesicle fusion based upon the experimental design of Aravanis et al.106,107 The fluorescence from FM1−43 is colored red, and stimulatory pulses are indicated as vertical hashes in the intensity diagrams. Path 1 depicts kiss-and-run fusion with multiple events, and path 2 depicts the full fusion event without a prior kiss-and-run fusion. Synaptic vesicle transport was not directly followed by particle tracking; rather, it was inferred from the fusion kinetics. Quantum dots report kissand-run fusion events through a small fluorescence increase109 rather than a signal loss. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-novel-and-notable-single-particle-experimental-34c74ecr.png Table 2. Novel and Notable Single-Particle Experimental Setups for Visualizing Membrane Fusion https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-misuse-based-intrusion-detection-35r10odpup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cmlhl-projection-snort-output-39p9lz6s.png Fig. 1. CMLHL projection – Snort output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projections-of-data-captured-by-euskalert-february-z4t76n6i.png Fig. 3. Projections of data captured by Euskalert (February, 2010) according to Snort output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visualizations-based-on-the-original-features-of-the-491nazxa.png Fig. 2. Visualizations based on the original features of the data and the Snort output. https://scispace.com/papers/visualization-of-subsurface-defects-in-composites-using-a-4el7rovn7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-object-rotation-a-phasegram-b-defect-csd2uvyr.png Figure 6. Effect of the object rotation. a) phasegram; b) defect map of the phasegram (a); c) phasegram of a rotated panel; d) defect map of the phasegram (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flat-bottom-hole-in-the-graphite-epoxy-composite-3is7nnbp.png Figure 1. Flat bottom hole in the graphite-epoxy composite structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-images-of-a-composite-panel-with-5-square-20x20-mm2-3sf948k8.png Figure 2. Images of a composite panel with 5 square (20x20 mm2) flat bottom cavities. The defects are located below the surface at depths of (from bottom to top): 2.0, 3.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.3 mm. a) background image; b) thermal image at 7 s after the flash; c) thermal response averaged in the interval 10-50 s; d) thermal response averaged in the interval 10-50 s with the subtracted background; e) phase image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-profiles-above-the-defect-centerline-1-time-kwh4zie4.png Figure 4. Profiles above the defect centerline. 1 - time-averaged thermal response; 2 - background subtracted thermogram; 3 - phase profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histograms-computed-from-images-fig-2c-2d-and-2e-sy7s50on.png Figure 3. Histograms computed from images Fig. 2c, 2d, and 2e respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-noise-level-in-painted-and-10rl72qg.png Table 1. Comparison of the noise level in painted and unpainted regions. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-scalar-volumetric-data-with-uncertainty-4xtrlf5erp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-dvr-composited-with-bitmap-212lxyru.png Fig. 13. DVR composited with bitmap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-low-uncertainty-texture-3ig3j5ag.png Fig. 19. Low uncertainty texture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-high-uncertainty-texture-1ucsw68s.png Fig. 20. High uncertainty texture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-inverted-bitmap-uncertainty-rendering-a6zub20i.png Fig. 12. Inverted bitmap uncertainty rendering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-volume-rendering-of-mean-salinity-fig-11-gray-3so29tkp.png Fig. 10. Color volume rendering of mean salinity. Fig. 11. Gray-scale volume rendering of uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-left-the-2d-transfer-function-identifies-5-regions-280jtg5o.png Fig. 9. Left: The 2D transfer function identifies 5 regions instead of just 2. Blue and cyan regions have higher uncertainty. Middle and right images use the same uncertainty to opacity mapping as the corresponding images in Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-satellite-sea-surface-temperature-distribution-for-33dq80ve.png Fig. 1. Satellite sea surface temperature distribution for July 21, 1996 (AVHRR image provided by Mike Caruso). The 100 m isobath, close to the shelfbreak front, is drawn in white. The white square is the region of intensive data collection. Note three primary water masses: the Gulf of Maine water southeast of Cape Cod (on July 21, surface T from 81C to 141C), shelf water usually north of the 100 m isobath (surface T from 161C to 201C), and slope water usually south of the 100 m isobath (surface T from 211C to 251C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-changing-the-size-of-the-speckles-2wn0fnbq.png Fig. 14. Changing the size of the speckles. https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-the-dynamic-metalation-state-of-new-delhi-2cxtjing3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-binding-modes-from-qm-dmd-simulations-for-2u5v0hep.png Figure 2. Proposed binding modes from QM/DMD simulations for probe 4D with NDM-1 (PDB: 4EXS) with insets showing (A) interactions between the fluorophore end of the probe and hydrophobic M34 in Loop 3. (B) Interaction between N187 and the carbonyl oxygen of the imide ring of the fluorophore. (C) Interaction between K178 and the carbonyl groups in the metal binding group end of the probe. https://scispace.com/papers/volcaniclastic-habitats-for-early-life-on-earth-and-mars-a-4z7x0zhmdw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-layer-2-indurated-sediment-surface-and-biofilm-a-thin-26oc4hun.png Fig. 9. Layer 2: indurated sediment surface and biofilm: (A) Thin section micrograph showing the indurated layer including a fragment of pumice, overlain by a dark layer of very fine volcanic dust (layer 3). A delicate wavy, brown surface (arrows) overlies this horizon concordantly. (B) Etched thin section showing location of the indurated sediment surface (arrows). (C) Delicate multi-component film formed on the indurated sediment surface in Fig. 2B (cf. Westall and Southam, 2006, Fig. 8). This film consists of a thin layer of alveolar-textured EPS coating particle surfaces (EPS), degraded filaments (F), dividing coccoids (C), and rod-shaped structures (R). Note the submicron size of many of the mineral particles embedded in the film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-and-geological-map-of-the-kittys-gap-chert-1cb5bo3h.png Fig. 1. Location and geological map of the ‘‘Kitty’s Gap Chert’’ within the Coppin Gap https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-observations-and-edx-analyses-of-carbonaceous-3ef3xhqz.png Fig. 5. SEM observations and EDX analyses of carbonaceous matter on the surfaces of pseudomorphed volcanic clasts: (A) SEM micrographs of a pseudo volcanic particle (VP) in an HF-etched surface of a Kitty’s Gap Chert sample. The clast is surrounded by microcrystalline matrix quartz (Qtz). The box shows the location of micrograph (C). (B) Edge of a volcanic clast showing the association of carbonaceous polymer film with the phyllosilicate (arrows). (C) SEM micrograph of an irregularly shaped colony of silicified coccoidal microorganisms (details shown in Fig. 6) at the edge of the clast (HM—hydromuscovite). Slight recrystallisation of the quartz matrix (Q) has occurred at the lower edge of the colony. (D) EDX map of the carbon in the coccoidal colony in (C). (E) EDX spot measurement of the coccoidal colony in (C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-organic-components-in-layer-3-cf-fig-2b-a-irregularly-1sv4lksv.png Fig. 8. Organic components in layer 3 (cf. Fig. 2B): (A) Irregularly distributed, diffuse polymer is particularly common in the black layer of very fine-grained volcanic dust immediately above the indurated sediment horizon (layer 2). It coats minerals particles and embeds fine-grained minerals. The black spot marks location of EDX spot spectrum in (C). (B) Backscatter micrograph of the diffuse organic matter in (A). (C) EDX spot spectrum of the diffuse organic matter in (A). (D) The fossilised cells in this sedimentary unit are generally more poorly preserved than those in layer 1 (compare with Figs. 5A–C). The smaller coccoidal cells in this micrograph are starting to lose their individual identities (arrows), becoming more amorphous in shape. The larger coccoidal cell (bottom right), is better preserved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-habitable-environments-in-the-kittys-gap-chert-a-field-8rg7x8vu.png Fig. 2. Habitable environments in the Kitty’s Gap Chert: (A) Field view of the silicified sediments at the Kitty’s Gap outcrop showing them in vertical cross section. They exhibit sedimentary structures (ripple bedding, flaser bedding, channel bedding, etc.) indicative of deposition in a tidal-channel/mud flat environment (cf. de Vries, 2004; de Vries et al., 2006; Westall et al., 2006a). The box shows the sediment layers investigated in this study. (B) Hand specimen view of one of the samples of the Kitty’s Gap Chert analysed in this study. The lower part (layer 1) of the sample consists of sediments deposited under a dynamic, wave-influenced sedimentary regime. They are clearly distinguished structurally from the overlying, parallel-laminated sediments that were deposited under a quiet depositional environment (layer 3). A o2 mm thick lightcoloured layer (layer 2) containing embedded fragments of pumice, 0.5–1 cm in size, marks the boundary between the two regimes. The latter horizon is indurated compared to those above and below (cf. Fig. 8A, B) and probably represents a period of cessation in sedimentation and, possibly, subaerial exposure. (N.B. The pencilled numbers 3–5, on the sample have no relevance for this study). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-micrographs-of-silicified-coccoidal-cells-and-306nmlx3.png Fig. 6. SEM micrographs of silicified coccoidal cells and mineral bacteriomorphs: (A) Detail of Fig. 5C showing two sizes coccoidal cells in the colony, 0.4–0.5 mm (small arrow) and 0.7–0.8 mm (large arrow), embedded in film-like EPS. Some of the coccoidal cells exhibit compromise boundaries and appear to be dividing. (B) Two sizes of dividing cells. Note their wrinkled surfaces. On the large individual (arrow), one side of the dividing cell is inflated while the other side is deflated, indicating that the latter cell is dead. (C) This dividing cell is characterised by a meniscus between the two halves (small arrow) as well as a thin collapsed, wrinkled veil that coats it and appears as a ‘‘ghost’’ at the edges of the cell (large arrow). (D) Hydrothermal silica spheres exhibiting rounded morphologies as well as apparent ‘‘division’’. Note the absence of wrinkles on their surfaces and of associated polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mineralogical-characterisation-of-the-kittys-gap-chert-3kf1pjyz.png Fig. 3. Mineralogical characterisation of the Kitty’s Gap Chert: (A) Thin section preparation of the hand specimen showing layers 1–3. (B) Raman spectral map of the same thin section. Quartz—red; anatase—blue; fuorescence—green (fluorescence). (C–F) Volcanic particles, now replaced by hydromuscovite and silica. The volcanic protoliths are almost always coated with minute anatase crystals. (G,H) View of a volcanic protolith in transmitted light (G) and respective Raman spectral map. Quartz—red; anatase—blue; kerogen—green; rutile—yellow; muscovite—pink. Note the association of kerogen with the surface of the protolith. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-layer-2-carbonaceous-filaments-and-detrital-particles-2w4nkiho.png Fig. 10. Layer 2: carbonaceous filaments and detrital particles: (A) Fragment of a 0.25 mm diameter filament exhibiting a striated surface and partial deflation (arrow). (B) Carbon EDX map of the filament in (A). (C) EDX spot measurement on the filament. (D) Backscatter micrograph of an angular detrital carbonaceous particle and corresponding EDX spot analysis (E). (F) Detrital carbonaceous particle (DP) with attached filaments (arrows) similar to the filament in (A). https://scispace.com/papers/volumetric-generation-of-optical-vortices-with-metasurfaces-17rk3hty5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-set-up-for-the-detection-of-3omnqptu.png Figure 6. Experimental set up for the detection of topological charges of the vortex array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experimental-verification-of-the-space-variant-3ff93bkw.png Figure 7. Experimental verification of the space variant topological charges of the 3D vortex array. Simulations results (top row) and experimental results (bottom row) for an incident vortex beam with l=−4 and λ=633 nm for different coaxial observation planes along z direction. The corresponding vortex array with l =4 would be quenched to singularity points for vortices located on the green dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-of-the-dielectric-metasurface-a-the-ybhvxtee.png Figure 3. Design of the dielectric metasurface. (a) The schematic structure of dielectric metasurface. It consists of Si nanofin array patterned on glass substrate. The orientation angle ϕ of the individual nanofin is carrying the desired phase discontinuity. The period of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-results-of-3d-vortex-array-of-each-2h7nvoyj.png Figure 4. Simulation results of 3D vortex array of each coaxial plane for λ=780 nm. The green dashed lines indicate the positions where the topological charges are equal to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-principle-of-the-three-dimensional-vortex-2se5rium.png Figure 2. Design principle of the three-dimensional vortex plate. The phase distribution of the 3D vortex plate can be obtained from the combination of an optimized Dammann Vortex Grating, a Spiral Dammann Zone Plate, and a lens factor. For Dammann Vortex Grating, it can generate 2D vortex array in focal plane; and the Spiral Dammann Zone Plate together with a lens factor can generate coaxial space variant vortex array longitudinally along z direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-investigations-of-3d-vortex-array-at-3bczzgac.png Figure 5. Experimental investigations of 3D vortex array at two different wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-generation-and-reconstruction-101m9woh.png Figure 1. Illustration of the generation and reconstruction procedure of 3D vortex array based on dielectric metasurface. Each Si nanofin plays the role of a pixel of diffractive element, which can generate the required continuous local phase profile with normal incidence of CP light. The reconfigured 3D vortex array with spatially variant topological charges is designed to appear within the Fresnel range. https://scispace.com/papers/voluntary-wheel-running-protects-against-the-increase-in-2fjqu2y140 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ethological-analyses-of-the-rsd-35cnwier.png Table 1. Ethological analyses of the RSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vwr-reverses-the-increase-in-striatal-levels-of-7b2zhv2a.png Figure 5. VWR reverses the increase in striatal levels of CX3CL1 and CXCL12 induced by RSD after EtOH SA. (a) CX3CL1 protein levels and (b) CXCL12 protein levels after oral EtOH SA in the following four treatment groups: EXP group allowed to explore a new cage and without access to the running wheel (EXP, n = 8) or EXP group allowed to explore a new cage and with access to the running wheel (EXP+ Wheel, n = 7); and RSD group exposed to RSD and without access to the running wheel (RSD, n=8) or RSD group exposed to RSD and with access to the running wheel (RSD+Wheel, n=8). The columns represent the mean and the vertical lines ± SEM of concentration levels of CX3CL1 (ng/mg protein) and CXCL12 (pg/mg protein) of OF1 mice. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 significant difference with respect to the EXP group; ++p < 0.01, +++p < 0.001 significant difference with respect to the corresponding EXP or RSD groups. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-rectification-effects-in-films-with-periodic-38j888mgch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-normalized-dc-voltage-as-a-function-of-ac-39lr9lkv.png FIG. 4 (color online). Normalized dc voltage as a function of ac amplitude. Circles: experimental data at H=H1 0:98 and T=Tc 0:973. Line: numerical fit using the inertia ratchet model [Eq. (1)] with only one fitting parameter, 1:8. Inset: numerical integration of the inertia ratchet model for different (symbols) and the overdamped limit solution (line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-net-dc-voltage-as-a-function-of-ac-2fr8vgc1.png FIG. 3 (color online). (a) Net dc voltage as a function of ac amplitude (normalized by Id1 473 A) at H=H1 0:96 and T=Tc 0:973. Inset: voltage output at Iac 477 (I), 502 (II), 544 (III), and 704 A (IV). (b) Time evolution of the vortex velocity v t from an overdamped molecular dynamics simulation (see the text). (c) v t calculated from the inertia ratchet model. The horizontal dashed lines indicate the instantaneous value of excitation where vortices are depinned [F t Fd] and repinned [F t Fr]. The subscripts 1 and 2 stand for the weaker and the stronger depinning forces, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-contour-plot-of-the-magnetic-field-and-1e43tb1c.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Contour plot of the magnetic field and dc current dependence of the voltage difference for dc currents applied in the x and the x direction V I x; H V Ix; H at T=Tc 0:973. (b) Contour plot of the net dc voltage Vdc Iac; H=H1 as a function of the magnetic field and amplitude of the ac sinusoidal current at a frequency 1 kHz and T=Tc 0:973. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-layout-of-the-al-film-a-cross-shaped-xyth8m3g.png FIG. 1 (color online). Layout of the Al film. (a) Cross-shaped geometry of the sample to allow for transport measurements in the x and y directions. (b) Atomic force micrograph of a 5 5 m2 area of the asymmetric pinning sites. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-clustering-and-universal-scaling-laws-in-two-i90svhczyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sampled-velocity-distributions-at-different-cluster-nttb92i6.png FIG. 4. Sampled velocity distributions at different cluster sizesN , but at the same density nα = 0.01 and power-law exponent α = 1/3. We notice that the size of the cluster has a minimal effect on the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-branch-cuts-and-contours-of-integration-arv3swz6.png FIG. 5. Branch cuts and contours of integration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-schematic-illustration-of-the-dual-cascades-of-2d-3rsphvpp.png Figure 2.3: Schematic illustration of the dual cascades of 2D turbulence in a loglog plot where power laws look like straight lines. Energy is injected at rate at wavenumber ki and enstrophy at rate β = k2i , shown as vertical dashed arrows. The enstrophy cascades down to smaller scales causing a self-similar k−3 energy spectrum, while the energy cascades to larger scales causing a k−5/3 energy spectrum. This energy therefore piles up on larger and larger scales, moving the peak up and to the left and increasing the width of the inertial range until the system size is reached. After a similar illustration by Lesieur [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-qualitative-illustration-of-the-density-of-states-4dbshdz5.png Figure 2.4: Qualitative illustration of the density of states Ω(E) of the point vortex Hamiltonian as a function of energy, with examples of positive, infinite, and negative temperature states. Reprinted figure with permission from [27]. Copyright 2014 by the American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-a-illustration-of-edge-dislocation-in-the-plane-f45lj1bv.png Figure 4.2: (a): Illustration of edge dislocation in the plane perpendicular to the dislocation line in a square lattice (gray lines). Following a loop (in this case a square) around the dislocation, we measure the lattice deformation by the displacement of the center of each unit cell. The deformation increases gradually, finally resolving to the Burger’s vector b when we come back to the starting point. This is associated with a vertical crystal plane terminating at the position of the dislocation. (b): A screw dislocation in three dimensions, showing vertical displacement by the Burger’s vector b around a horizontal loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analytical-incompressible-energy-spectra-calculated-slbs45j2.png FIG. 4. Sampled velocity distributions at different cluster sizesN , but at the same density nα = 0.01 and power-law exponent α = 1/3. We notice that the size of the cluster has a minimal effect on the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-phase-diagram-for-the-phase-field-crystal-in-2eaq0o9x.png Figure 4.4: Phase diagram for the phase-field crystal in terms of the quench depth r and the conserved mean density ψ0. Reprinted figure with permission from [66]. Copyright 2004 by the American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-in-the-simulations-along-with-some-1pp2mzhf.png TABLE I. Parameters used in the simulations, along with some measured quantities. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-simulation-of-two-cylinders-in-tandem-using-4pxhq5zz92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-strouhal-number-behind-cylinder-in-tandem-from-1xzp7p68.png Figure 6 The Strouhal Number Behind Cylinder in Tandem from [1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-cpu-time-percentage-of-each-section-of-the-2wfk1pyj.png Table 1. The CPU time percentage of each section of the Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-flow-pattern-for-g-d-1-and-the-force-2kzrjup2.png Figure 8 The Flow Pattern for G/D = 1, and the Force Coefficients for Re = 100000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-flow-pattern-for-g-d-2-and-the-force-1pgjtw8w.png Figure 10 The Flow Pattern for G/D = 2, and the Force Coefficients for Re = 100000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-flow-pattern-for-g-d-1-5-and-the-force-1aj0z7vw.png Figure 9 The Flow Pattern for G/D = 1.5, and the Force Coefficients for Re = 100000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-algorithm-35zm90pc.png Figure 1 Flowchart of the Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interference-drag-coefficient-v9sbsxsv.png Figure 5 Interference Drag Coefficient https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-flow-pattern-at-g-d-1-5-19cg3dsm.png Figure 3 The Flow Pattern at G/D = 1.5 https://scispace.com/papers/vortrage-und-reden-von-hermann-von-helmholtz-4sa7117xgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-fig-14-4el8v46g.png Fig. 13. Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3dmrybg5.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2m199fl3.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-fiff-17-1s9mr6kj.png Fig. 16. Fiff. 17. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-structures-in-mesoscopic-superconducting-spheres-3phczabpur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-contour-plots-of-the-cooper-pair-density-1nd0nkbh.png FIG. 1. Color online Contour plots of the Cooper-pair density in the ,z plane for a sphere with radius R=4 for vorticity L=0 a and e , L=1 b and f , L=2 c and g , and L=3 d and h at applied magnetic fields H=0.18Hc2 a – d and 0.42Hc2 e – h . The vertical axis corresponds to the direction of the applied magnetic field, i.e., the z direction, while the horizontal axis corresponds to the radial direction . High low Cooper-pair density is given in red blue regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-the-free-energy-as-a-function-of-the-rwziczs3.png FIG. 8. Color online a The free energy as a function of the applied magnetic field for all the meta- stable states in a superconducting sphere with radius R=4 . b The high magnetic-field region in more detail. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-free-energy-as-a-function-of-the-1dcp1p1j.png FIG. 7. Color online The free energy as a function of the applied magnetic field for the meta- stable states in a superconducting sphere with radius R=2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-vorticity-of-the-ground-state-for-a-1pu1joej.png FIG. 9. Color online Vorticity of the ground state for a sphere with radius R=4 as a function of the applied magnetic field. Giant vortex states are shown in black; 0,L states in red. The vertical dashed lines indicate the transition fields. The top axis gives the flux penetrating the equator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-contour-plots-of-the-cooper-pair-density-1yfx3111.png FIG. 16. Color online Contour plots of the Cooper-pair density in the xy plane for the configuration corresponding to Fig. 15 c for different values of z, i.e., z / =0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, 4.8, and 5.9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-three-dimensional-figures-of-the-03-15-28cizyht.png FIG. 15. Color online Three-dimensional figures of the 0,3 , 1,5 , 2,7 , and 3,9 states in a superconducting sphere with radius R=4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-eigenvalue-as-a-function-of-the-5effbvvx.png FIG. 3. Color online The eigenvalue as a function of the applied magnetic field H for spheres with radius R=2 a , 4 b , and 6 c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-d-contour-plots-of-the-cooper-pair-24cx2mga.png FIG. 2. Color online a – d Contour plots of the Cooper-pair density in the xy plane, i.e., z=0, for a sphere with radius R=4 for vorticity L=0, 1, 2, and 3 at H=0.18Hc2. High low Cooper-pair density is given in red blue . e – h Phase of the order parameter for the same parameters as in a – d . Red blue indicates phases near 2 0 . https://scispace.com/papers/voting-with-your-children-a-positive-analysis-of-child-labor-qdqrraojje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-wage-premium-over-time-exogenous-policy-lvye2nck.png Figure 16: Wage Premium over Time, Exogenous Policy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-fraction-of-children-working-exogenous-policy-25tjkjez.png Figure 17: Fraction of Children Working, Exogenous Policy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-skill-premium-in-u-k-1dl8u9lj.png Figure 8: Skill Premium in U.K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-total-fertility-rate-in-u-k-5t3ic52x.png Figure 9: Total Fertility Rate in U.K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-child-labor-rates-in-u-k-2ribi044.png Figure 10: Child Labor Rates in U.K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-schooling-in-u-k-z83kd4os.png Figure 11: Schooling in U.K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-parameter-a-over-time-19a3l71r.png Figure 12: Parameter α over Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-wage-premium-over-time-endogenous-policy-2kgw8yom.png Figure 13: Wage Premium over Time, Endogenous Policy https://scispace.com/papers/wages-prices-and-agriculture-how-can-indian-agriculture-cope-21l9u7n1aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-output-supply-and-variable-input-demand-2ooqe8qj.png Table 4 Estimates of output supply and variable input demand elasticities https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-key-elasticities-short-and-medium-term-311atjmw.png Table 5 The key elasticities: Short and medium term https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-household-income-outputs-and-9iqzv5vo.png Table 2 Summary statistics of household income, outputs and inputs, prices and wages https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-characteristics-of-farm-households-and-villages-3s4bensv.png Table 1 Key characteristics of farm households and villages https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-elasticities-of-quasi-fixed-factors-of-1g50jnh3.png Table 3 Estimates of elasticities of quasi fixed factors of production https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-elasticities-growth-rates-and-growth-contributions-3rjak4p7.png Table 6 Elasticities, growth rates and growth contributions https://scispace.com/papers/walking-around-ribosomal-small-subunit-a-possible-tourist-w9nb7lpslx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-transfer-integrals-between-the-nucleotides-in-ssu-2x1d1eg5.png Fig. 2. a) Transfer integrals between the nucleotides in SSU. Thicknesses of the cylinders represent the magnitudes of J. b-d) Transition probabilities map for finding a hole placed at a given initial site at a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-small-subunit-of-the-ribosome-view-from-the-1i45d8er.png Fig. 1. Small subunit of the ribosome (view from the intersubunit space). Colors depict four SSU domains: 5’ domain (red), central (green), 3’ major (orange) and 3’ minor (cyan). https://scispace.com/papers/wake-up-stroke-and-stroke-within-the-therapeutic-window-for-zr2ux0kbv9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analyses-using-binary-logistic-1tt58deq.png Table 2. Multivariate analyses using binary logistic regression models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-zogxtnwy.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study population https://scispace.com/papers/walty-a-user-behavior-tailored-tool-for-evaluating-web-4ej9irqzs3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stressing-framework-based-on-walty-clients-3fnu7pq0.png Figure 3. Stressing framework based on WALTy clients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cbmg-states-of-a-generic-service-1s25ynba.png Table 1. CBMG states of a generic service https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerical-results-derived-for-different-values-of-n-7s6700h0.png Figure 7. Numerical results derived for different values of N virtual users and for different measures: Ttrans (left plot), and Tresp (right plot) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cbmg-ph3-transition-probabilities-and-think-times-2750yse5.png Table 2. CBMG Φ3: Transition probabilities and think times matrices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurement-intervals-2m9x3a41.png Figure 4. Measurement intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-logical-map-of-the-web-server-under-test-54qi4b8a.png Figure 5. Logical map of the web server under test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cbmg-ph3-has-been-derived-from-the-analysis-of-the-2f5h35sq.png Figure 6. CBMG Φ3 has been derived from the analysis of the log file of the web server under test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kernel-module-scheme-10wdoqno.png Figure 2. Kernel-Module scheme https://scispace.com/papers/wanted-new-allometric-equations-for-large-lianas-and-african-3p9qd22x99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-liana-aboveground-biomass-agb-allometric-equations-1n4eh90w.png TABLE 1. Liana aboveground biomass (AGB) allometric equations used for comparison. D130 is the diameter of a liana at 130 cm from the roots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uncertainty-in-liana-agb-estimated-by-various-liana-3qnpwq7n.png FIGURE 1. Uncertainty in liana AGB estimated by various liana allometric equations shown in Table 1. PT1 is a Pantropical equation created using data from five independent data sets in four countries (Brazil (x2), French Guiana, Cambodia, and Venezuela). PT2 used the same data minus the Venezuela site. CH used data from Southern China, and MY used data from Malaysia. GH used data from Ghana and is the only known allometric equation based on data from Africa. (A) Mean plot-level liana AGBs across Gabon estimated by each of the five different allometric equations. Lowercase letters denote significant differences among liana AGB estimates (P < 0.005). (B) Mean plot-level liana AGB by forest type across Gabon estimated by each of the five different allometric equations. Note the estimate produced by GH was developed using two separate equations for primary and secondary forests, as Addo-Fordjour and Rahmad (2013b) found forest type to have a significant influence on allometric models. All other estimates use a single equation regardless of forest type. https://scispace.com/papers/war-housing-rents-and-free-market-a-case-of-berlin-s-rental-46tkmpwutv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-geographical-distribution-of-quality-adjusted-rent-8n6xif27.png Figure 11: Geographical distribution of quality-adjusted rent in Berlin, July 1914 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-of-ols-and-quantile-regressions-1k0l3v0p.png Table 3: Estimation results of OLS and quantile regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-housing-market-shocks-during-the-world-war-i-3l5exbgw.png Figure 1: Housing market shocks during the World War I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-isochrones-of-underground-city-and-suburban-10lnvwy0.png Figure 5: Isochrones of underground, city, and suburban railways for Alexanderplatz, 1912-1914 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-distribution-of-advertised-dwellings-3miy029g.png Figure 4: Spatial distribution of advertised dwellings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-quality-adjusted-housing-rent-in-berlin-1909-1917-2kh26whc.png Figure 9: Quality-adjusted housing rent in Berlin, 1909-1917 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-berlins-rental-dwellings-by-2lnws7jh.png Figure 8: Distribution of Berlin’s rental dwellings by districts: official data and newspapers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-dynamics-of-quality-adjusted-housing-rent-in-1sxnwuxn.png Figure 10: Dynamics of quality-adjusted housing rent in Berlin by segments, 1909-1917 https://scispace.com/papers/was-brexit-triggered-by-the-old-and-unhappy-or-by-financial-9o4yrqbje8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-predicting-brexit-voting-financial-feelings-were-20tqfvpb.png Figure 1. In Predicting Brexit Voting, Financial Feelings were Approximately Twice as Influential as Actual Income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-uncorrected-age-profile-of-those-who-wanted-to-26rmf9e5.png Figure 3. The Uncorrected Age-Profile of Those Who Wanted to Leave the EU (95% CI shown) The vertical axis gives a measure of the probability of favouring Brexit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-regression-corrected-age-profile-of-those-who-1t2443lq.png Figure 2. The Regression-Corrected Age-Profile of Those Who Wanted to Leave the EU (as calculated from a Brexit equation: Column 1 of Table 4) (95% CI shown) The vertical axis gives a measure of the probability of favouring Brexit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-responses-on-the-eu-membership-1359tg71.png Table 3. Distribution of Responses on the EU Membership Question https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-and-descriptive-statistics-for-3vtooamp.png Table 1. Variable Definitions and Descriptive Statistics for the Main Sample (UNDSOC wave 8) (where R is the survey respondent). The first three rows are for the available samples, weighted, and not just for the sample used in the eventual regressions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-regional-distribution-of-those-who-wanted-to-14g6hp3d.png Figure 4. The Regional Distribution of Those Who Wanted to Leave the EU (as calculated from a Brexit equation: Column 3 of Table 4) (95% CI shown) The vertical axis gives a measure of the probability of favouring Brexit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-percentage-supporting-brexit-by-each-week-from-3pg8jmfb.png Figure 5. The Percentage Supporting Brexit by Each Week from January 2016 to June 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pro-brexit-regression-equations-ols-cross-sectional-2bo4yrnq.png Table 4. Pro-Brexit Regression Equations. OLS Cross-Sectional Estimates with Banded Life-Satisfaction and Financial-Feelings Dummy Variables. https://scispace.com/papers/wardrop-equilibrium-formulation-of-resource-constrained-dtn-nbios9yigp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-w-log-scale-on-the-average-delay-the-three-1wevkblq.png Fig. 4. Impact of w∆ (log-scale) on the average delay. The three curves correspond to different input load (360 MB, 720 MB, and 1.56 GB). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-dtn-contact-patterns-8k70xu59.png Fig. 1. Example of DTN contact patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-corresponding-graph-representation-of-the-contact-16d8sbif.png Fig. 2. The corresponding graph representation of the contact pattern shown in Fig. 1. Note that there are two different potential routes between A and C, namely Ar τ1 → As τ1 → Ar τ2 → As τ2 → Ar τ3 → As τ3 → Cr τ4 and Ar τ1 → As τ1 → Br τ2 → Bs τ2 → Cr τ3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustrative-example-of-a-4-node-topology-in-this-2y2oa4lc.png Fig. 3. Illustrative example of a 4-node topology. In this figure, the time step ∆ is set to 225s, buffer size Cs to 50 MB, while transmission capacity varies. Each link transmission capacity, in MB, depends on the contact duration and is represented, in Fig. 3(a), as a label on the corresponding link. The traffic demand c from O to D is 16.8 MB (24s×700Kbps). Fig. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) depict how this demand is balanced over the network depending on variable delay and transmission costs. https://scispace.com/papers/washington-state-cable-median-barrier-7sl60mnbvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-washington-state-cable-barrier-transition-to-w-beam-1yqpla9h.png FIGURE 3 Washington State cable barrier transition to W-beam guardrail https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-washington-state-cable-barrier-terminal-1rh6osip.png FIGURE 2 Washington State cable barrier terminal https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accident-societal-costs-2nm5pqet.png TABLE 4 Accident Societal Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-segment-characteristics-1e7ct4xv.png TABLE 3 Segment Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-before-and-after-accident-comparison-pq1zlrmn.png FIGURE 4 Before and after accident comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-accidents-before-and-after-the-installation-3hqjpiv5.png TABLE 2 Median accidents before and after the installation of cable barrier https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cable-barrier-maintenance-data-hl7lkhmf.png TABLE 1 Cable barrier maintenance data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-cable-median-barrier-installation-and-240igbio.png FIGURE 1 Typical cable median barrier installation and details https://scispace.com/papers/wasp-186-and-wasp-187-two-hot-jupiters-discovered-by-2siz8sjpkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-planet-mass-versus-planet-radius-for-all-jupiter-1r0aaift.png Figure 4. Planet mass versus planet radius for all Jupiter-sized planets (RP > 0.5 RJ) with mass and radius measurements. Data for this and subsequent plots was obtained from the NASA Exoplanet Archive http://exoplanetarchi ve.ipac.caltech.edu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hr-diagram-showing-temperature-versus-stellar-3txsp54e.png Figure 5. HR diagram showing temperature versus stellar luminosity for all stars known to host exoplanets. Stars hosting planets with periods less than 10 d are shown in blue, while stars hosting planets with longer periods are in grey. Note that WASP-187 lies to the right of the main sequence, indicating that the star has entered the post-main-sequence phase of its life. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-orbital-period-versus-planet-radius-for-all-known-2ighx5m9.png Figure 6. Orbital period versus planet radius for all known exoplanets with a period less than 50 d. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-available-photometric-and-rv-observations-23dfvs85.png Table 1. Summary of available photometric and RV observations for WASP186 and WASP-187. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sophie-measurements-of-the-planet-host-stars-3a7d3mdn.png Table 2. SOPHIE measurements of the planet-host stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bisector-spans-as-a-function-of-radial-velocities-38s359zt.png Figure 1. Bisector spans as a function of radial velocities for WASP-186 (left) and WASP-187 (right). The radial velocities shown in x-axis are obtained after subtracting the average RV. For WASP-187, green and blue circles correspond to the data taken in HE and HR modes, respectively. Note that the 55.4-m s−1 fitted shift between HR and HE RVs of WASP-187 is corrected here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-initial-stellar-parameters-from-the-spectroscopic-3aaxc065.png Table 3. Initial stellar parameters from the spectroscopic (Teff, log g, Fe/H, and vsin i), isochrone placement (M∗ and age), and Gaia + IRFM ( , R∗) analysis of WASP-186 and WASP-187. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wasp-top-tess-middle-and-sophie-bottom-data-for-pgte3u4o.png Figure 3. WASP (top), TESS (middle), and SOPHIE (bottom) data for WASP-187b phase folded on the best-fitting period. Residuals to the fit are shown below the data. https://scispace.com/papers/water-and-energy-nexus-of-residential-rain-water-tanks-at-an-1rqybhggkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-water-and-electricity-usage-for-three-iprwt-sf05flez.png Fig. 2. Example of water and electricity usage for three IPRWT supplied end-use categories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-between-energy-intensity-values-for-3ekgennl.png Fig. 7. Comparison between energy intensity values for different end uses for the 770 W pump https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-energy-intensity-average-electricity-and-water-1f45n5va.png Fig. 6. Average energy intensity, average electricity and water usage for the four end use categories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-and-energy-end-use-measurement-design-2t07v7l8.png Fig. 1. Water and energy end use measurement design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-intensity-for-sampled-events-in-the-four-iprwt-2yckn7mt.png Fig. 4. Energy intensity for sampled events in the four IPRWT supplied end use categories in Home RW23 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-energy-intensity-for-sampled-events-in-the-four-iprwt-1shvyh6l.png Fig. 5. Energy intensity for sampled events in the four IPRWT supplied end use categories in Home RW24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-clothes-washer-end-use-category-descriptive-data-3p8mpj2v.png Table 6 Clothes washer end use category descriptive data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-key-descriptive-data-for-sampled-xappo1cr.png Table 2 Summary of key descriptive data for sampled households https://scispace.com/papers/water-diffusion-through-a-membrane-protein-channel-a-first-3sy17edlip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-exit-time-t-as-function-of-z0-for-water-inside-1qwozloz.png FIG. 4. Mean exit time T as function of z0 for water inside the CNT of length L=2 nm. Simulation. — Fit according to Eq. 7 with D =2.62 nm2/ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-visualization-of-the-protein-structure-of-2ddti8kd.png FIG. 1. Color online Visualization of the protein structure of OmpF. 7 a Top view of the trimer. b Side view of a single channel. It has a cylindrical shape, built out of beta sheets. The helix in the center L3 loop is responsible for a strong transverse electric field Ref. 2 . The 2 nm long region of the channel that was used in the analysis is emphasized. The figures were generated with VMD Ref. 28 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-permeation-time-distribution-fp-t-of-water-diffusing-3bhu0ijk.png FIG. 6. Permeation time distribution Fp t of water diffusing through an OmpF channel. The solid curve corresponds to Eq. 9 , with a diffusion coefficient D=1.35 nm2/ns, obtained from the fit of Sp t in Fig. 7. The slope of the solid line in the semilogarithmic inset corresponds to the longest time constant 1=L 2 / 2D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-survival-probability-sp-t-of-water-permeating-through-1jhk3wgt.png FIG. 7. Survival probability Sp t of water permeating through OmpF. The solid curve corresponds to Eq. 9 with a diffusion coefficient D =1.35 nm2/ns. At log Sp t −1.5, a crossover to a slower exponential mode corresponding to D 0.55 nm2/ns occurs. The dashed line corresponds to a single exponential mode with a time constant 1 =L 2 / 2D . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-trapping-time-of-water-as-a-function-of-the-399g17tr.png FIG. 8. Average trapping time of water as a function of the axial position z in the OmpF channel. The error bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-trapping-time-distribution-of-water-molecules-inside-3kiisg07.png FIG. 9. Trapping time distribution of water molecules inside OmpF. It follows a power law Eq. 15 with =2.4, up to the run time of the simulation =104 ps . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-permeation-time-distribution-fp-t-of-water-molecules-myuzwwty.png FIG. 2. Permeation time distribution Fp t of water molecules traversing a CNT of length L=2 nm. The solid curve is based on Eq. 9 , with D=2.70 nm2/ns, obtained from the fit in Fig. 3. The solid line in the semilogarithmic inset emphasizes the asymptotic monoexponential behavior, with a time constant 1=L 2 / 2D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mean-exit-time-t-of-water-as-function-of-the-initial-3938a7ja.png FIG. 10. Mean exit time T of water as function of the initial axial position in the OmpF channel. The solid curve — corresponds to Eq. 7 with a diffusion coefficient D=1.35 nm2/ns, which characterizes 97% of the permeating trajectories. The dotted curve connecting the data points is included as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/water-free-bonding-of-corrugated-board-2n48wd8sz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-result-from-the-repulpability-testing-2b84zvvi.png Table 6. Result from the repulpability testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-limits-of-variables-for-using-pla-as-an-adhesive-28qyr3lp.png Table 4. Limits of variables for using PLA as an adhesive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-limits-of-variables-for-welding-pla-papers-87l3mai9.png Table 3. Limits of variables for welding PLA-papers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bonding-strength-testing-u0xc0a96.png Table 5. Bonding strength testing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-pressure-temperature-and-pla-on-the-i7tkhl27.png Table 1. Impact of pressure, temperature and PLA on the properties of the PLA-paper. Red indicates a negative impact, green a positive impact, and yellow no clear impact at either direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-papers-used-in-the-project-1t5oj7cm.png Table 2. Papers used in the project. https://scispace.com/papers/water-processing-for-isotope-recovery-using-porous-zero-48rkgxo4zn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-and-calculated-pressure-drop-versus-30qwpd39.png Figure 5. Measured and calculated pressure drop versus superficial velocity for p-ZVI beds with two different lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-water-splitting-testing-of-p-zvi-using-100-h2-gas-ppfyfurq.png Figure 2. Water splitting testing of p-ZVI using 100% H2 gas during the regeneration/reduction step https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-the-a-c-pristine-and-d-f-cycled-p-zvi-3225dext.png Figure 3. SEM images of the (a) – (c) pristine and (d) – (f) cycled p-ZVI particle surfaces at 1200×, 1500×, and 2000× magnifications, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-water-splitting-and-b-cyclical-stability-testing-1z76msfa.png Figure 1. (a) Water splitting and (b) cyclical stability testing of p-ZVI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-the-image-statistical-analyses-showing-33m62ilw.png Figure 4. Results of the image statistical analyses showing the particle counts and the lengths for the (a) longest and (b) shortest sides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-thermal-conductivity-measurements-3dkg7n1e.png Table I. Thermal Conductivity Measurements https://scispace.com/papers/water-management-for-ecosystem-health-and-food-production-1qrtl6ymu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1-the-integrated-water-resources-management-iwrm-comb-5na9h3fp.png Fig. 10.1. The integrated water resources management (IWRM) comb (after GWP Technical Advisory Committee, 2000). Note: in this book, it is proposed to refi ne ‘water for food’ to ‘water for agroecosystems’, as discussed in the section entitled ‘An Ecosystem Services Approach to Water Management’ and shown in this fi gure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2-managing-water-for-multifunctional-agroecosystems-17j6b0rx.png Fig. 10.2. Managing water for multifunctional agroecosystems would help a more balanced provision of provisioning, regulatory, cultural and supporting ecosystem services than single cropping (monocropping), extensive herding or peri-urban aquaculture (umbrella shape adapted from Molden, 2007; and Gordon et al., 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3-water-for-multifunctional-agroecosystems-would-2bnudno9.png Fig. 10.3. Water for multifunctional agroecosystems would bring more equity, environmental sustainability and economic effi ciency. https://scispace.com/papers/water-sorption-and-heat-storage-in-cacl2-impregnated-rgvknida16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-pattern-of-basolite-a520tm-from-cambridge-3r1rscug.png Fig. 2. XRD pattern of Basolite A520TM from Cambridge university database and experimental XRD patterns of AF, AF-Ca1, AF-Ca2 and AF-Ca3 (a) and identification of XRD peaks of AF-Ca3 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relationship-between-da-dt-and-exp-1-t-during-the-273p5xa8.png Fig. 10. Relationship between dα/dt and exp (-1/T) during the dehydration process of aluminium fumarate (a) and host matrix in AF-Ca3 composite (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dehydration-kinetic-data-for-af-and-af-ca3-solids-1v17ugy5.png Table 6: Dehydration kinetic data for AF and AF-Ca3 solids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-water-sorption-desorption-isotherms-at-25-degc-of-af-12l7takj.png Fig. 4. Water sorption/desorption isotherms at 25 °C of AF, CaCl2 and synthesized composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-af-a-and-af-ca3-b-stability-over-dehydration-hydration-3lcvo7tf.png Fig. 8. AF (a) and AF-Ca3 (b) stability over dehydration/hydration cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-n2-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-of-studied-2jrdkbxl.png Fig. 1. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of studied materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-weight-evolution-during-the-second-dehydration-23prnu5h.png Fig. 5. Weight evolution during the second dehydration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dsc-dehydration-peaks-of-cacl2-2-7h2o-and-studied-3klyj0kc.png Fig. 6. DSC dehydration peaks of CaCl2.2.7H2O and studied materials during the second dehydration. https://scispace.com/papers/water-transport-in-gas-diffusion-layer-of-a-polymer-3gi3ude8dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-a-transferred-water-flux-j-for-several-invasion-13q2axy8.png Fig. 4 e a) transferred water flux J for several invasion states of the GDL (T ¼ 80 !C). Sw is the liquid saturation, b) invasion patterns corresponding to the points shown in Fig. 4a. The steady-state is reached (point E) when evaporation rate J is sufficient along the liquidegas interface for transferring the produced water Q after partial invasion of network. Each little square corresponds to a pore. Liquid phase in blue, gas phase in grey. These results were obtained for RH ¼ 96% (channel); i¼ 1.5 A/cm2; DT¼ 0 K (isothermal condition). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-partial-liquid-invasion-of-the-gdl-by-condensation-2wfcb2wb.png Fig. 5 e Partial liquid invasion of the GDL by condensation under the rib. Each little square corresponds to a pore. Liquid phase in blue, gas phase in grey. Pattern obtained for RH ¼ 97% (channel); i ¼ 1.5 A/cm2; DT ¼ 3.25 K. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-variation-of-overall-water-saturation-as-a-function-owlp8lb3.png Fig. 6 e Variation of overall water saturation as a function of current density for RH ¼ 98% together with corresponding condensation invasion patterns (shown for i ¼ 0.5, 0.75, 1.25, 1.3 and 1.5 A/cm2). Each little square corresponds to a pore. Liquid phase in blue, gas phase in grey. The temperature difference across the GDL corresponding to the imposed current density is indicated for each pattern shown. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-e-variation-of-overall-water-saturation-as-a-function-2xjregjp.png Fig. 7 e Variation of overall water saturation as a function of a channel relative humidity RH for i ¼ 1.5 A/cm2 together with corresponding condensation invasion patterns (for RH ¼ 0.94, 0.95, 0.97 and 0.99 respectively). Each little square corresponds to a pore. Liquid phase in blue, gas phase in grey. DT ¼ 3.25 K. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-sketch-of-gdl-as-a-two-dimensional-pore-network-vnko1i44.png Fig. 1 e Sketch of GDL as a two-dimensional pore network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-critical-current-density-ic-as-a-function-of-2xowq38v.png Fig. 2 e Critical current density ic as a function of relative humidity RH in the channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-two-dimensional-typical-slow-invasion-pattern-in-a-2dng1igg.png Fig. 3 e Two-dimensional typical slow invasion pattern in a hydrophobic layer from pore network simulation. Each square corresponds to a pore. Liquid phase in blue, gas phase in grey. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/watermark-template-attack-4byozvuc1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-rotated-image-after-the-attack-kh83l3w7.png Figure 8: The rotated image after the attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-screen-capture-of-the-attack-program-3b2y0xsm.png Figure 10: Screen capture of the attack program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-screen-capture-of-the-failed-detection-14j20816.png Figure 9: Screen capture of the failed detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-watermarked-image-us-currency-7d1zmmtf.png Figure 4: The watermarked image (US currency). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-template-of-the-watermarked-image-us-currency-lfxlxt7k.png Figure 5: The template of the watermarked image (US currency). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-watermarked-image-after-the-template-attack-1fek2ghh.png Figure 6: The watermarked image after the template attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-template-of-the-watermarked-image-after-the-2ii5yz4z.png Figure 7: The template of the watermarked image after the template attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-fft-based-watermarking-technique-with-a-1h6k9izl.png Figure 1: A FFT based watermarking technique with a synchronization template. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-pipelining-using-self-reset-logic-33hsrdkq6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-timing-diagram-for-successive-pulses-3navsshn.png Figure 5: Timing diagram for successive pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timing-parameters-h2rqbl83.png Figure 4: Timing parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dual-rail-srl-xor-xnor-gate-with-input-disable-2ried2l6.png Figure 3: Dual-rail SRL XOR/XNOR gate with input disable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-advancing-waves-clk-output-qrl-15-0-and-inputs-dap-2i0bczem.png Figure 8: Advancing waves: clk, output: qrl〈15 : 0〉, and inputs dap and dbp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-wave-pipelined-circuit-yuwkoe6b.png Figure 1: Basic wave pipelined circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-drsrl-id-buffer-inverter-gate-laxrijcx.png Figure 2: A DRSRL-ID buffer-inverter gate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pulses-of-the-same-data-wave-with-phase-shift-tio9w8so.png Figure 6: Pulses of the same data wave, with phase shift between input and output register clocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multiplier-block-diagram-337z40gw.png Figure 7: Multiplier block diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-based-image-denoising-using-nonstationary-stochastic-157p2hsq9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-partition-as-a-set-of-regions-with-i-i-d-1q65yos2.png Figure 3. Image partition as a set of regions with i.i.d. homogeneous statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variance-estimation-using-standard-ml-strategy-for-3ut2296m.png Figure 2. Variance estimation using standard ML strategy for the edge region:(a) “Lena” test image and its fragment (marked by the square); (b) two-region modeling of Lena’s fragment; (c) modeling example for 1D edge profile; (d) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-edge-subtraction-from-the-high-frequency-subband-1v775nbt.png Figure 10. Edge subtraction from the high frequency subband data: (a) original data representing a test step edge in the coordinate domain; (b) non-decimated transform of the edge data; (c) subtracted edge data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-fragment-of-test-image-lena-b-local-estimation-2ibvfuxx.png Figure 4. (a) Fragment of test image Lena; (b) local estimation window M with indication of the subset *M (black pixels) and of the estimated pixel (gray) for the ML local variance estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-segmentation-results-a-test-image-lena-b-segmented-s8n476fd.png Figure 5. Segmentation results: (a) test image Lena; (b) segmented image Lena using the Cornell University segmentation software. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-average-psnr-db-results-for-several-1f3hdonm.png Table 1. Comparison of average PSNR [dB] results for several methods and both test images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histogram-of-the-variance-of-the-high-frequency-27gouq53.png Figure 9. Histogram of the variance of the high frequency subband (first decomposition level diagonal orientation) of test image Lena in the overcomplete transform domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-structure-of-1-level-critically-sampled-and-b-non-37uv7lmy.png Figure 1. (a) Structure of 1-level critically sampled and (b) non-decimated wavelet decomposition; the filters for the analysis stage are denoted by H(z) and for the synthesis stage by G(z); index “0” corresponds to the low pass filters and index “1” corresponds to the high pass filters. https://scispace.com/papers/waves-in-active-matter-the-transition-from-ballistic-to-24kj8afzmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-density-of-particles-as-a-function-of-position-308y7une.png FIG. 3. Number density of particles as a function of position from an infinite line source with ksTs = 100kBT . The solid lines, dashed lines, and symbols represent closures Q = A : ∇m, B = 0, and Brownian dynamic simulations, respectively. The red, blue, and black colors correspond to t = τR/3, 4τR/3, and 4τR, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intermediate-scattering-function-n-k-t-of-abps-for-236mdx9u.png FIG. 2. Intermediate scattering function n̂(k, t ) of ABPs for different values of dimensionless wave number, kl (increasing from right to left), as a function of dimensionless time, t/τR, for different levels of activity: (a) ksTs = 1 kBT , (b) ksTs = 10 kBT , and (c) ksTs = 100 kBT in two orientational dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bd-simulation-snapshots-for-a-system-of-ideal-abps-17j2ls7m.png FIG. 4. BD simulation snapshots for a system of ideal ABPs released from a two-dimensional point source with ksTs = 100 kBT at (a) t = τR, (b) t = 2τR, (c) t = 3τR, and (d) t = 4τR. A dense wave of particles (yellow) can be seen spreading outward and diffusing until the system reaches a uniform density (purple). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-density-profile-as-a-function-of-displacement-at-kc4oy60n.png FIG. 5. The density profile as a function of displacement, at different moments in time with field strengths (a) χR = 1, (b) χR = 10, and (c) χR = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-density-as-a-function-of-radial-position-normalized-by-2toyyzfq.png FIG. 1. Density as a function of radial position normalized by the run length, l = U0τR, in the limit of DT → 0 for the telegraph equation at times t/τR = 1/3, 4/3, 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-mean-squared-displacement-as-a-function-of-time-38nvh83h.png FIG. 6. The mean-squared displacement as a function of time normalized by the reorientation time at different levels of activity. https://scispace.com/papers/wdaqua-core0-a-question-answering-component-for-the-research-gfugusplor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-table-shows-the-results-of-wdaqua-core0-over-the-40o8gqka.png Table 1. The table shows the results of WDAqua-core0 over the QALD-7 training set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snapshot-of-the-disambiguation-interface-for-the-1b9hffeq.png Fig. 2. Snapshot of the disambiguation interface for the question: “What is the capital of Germany?”. By clicking on “Did you mean” several entities, the question might refereed to, are shown. These include the actual “Federal Republic of Germany” but also the “Capital of Germany” (as an entity), “West Germany”, “East Germany”, “Allied-Occupied Germany” and others. By clicking on the entity, the question is interpreted differently and a new answer is presented, e.g., if the user clicks on “West Germany”, the answer “Bonn” is computed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screenshot-of-trill-using-in-the-back-end-wdaqua-core0-3634b4vz.png Fig. 1. Screenshot of Trill using in the back-end WDAqua-core0 for the question “In which city is Jean Monnet University?” https://scispace.com/papers/weak-hydrogen-bonding-motifs-of-ethylamino-neurotransmitter-13ijcep2x5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-irpd-spectra-of-tra-n2-tra-n2-n-n-1-6-obtained-by-3ponzw8d.png Fig. 2 IRPD spectra of TRA+–(N2)TRA +–(N2)n (n = 1–6) obtained by monitoring the TRA+–(N2)m fragment channels (indicated as n - m). The vibrational bands are assigned to the indolic NH stretching fundamental (nNH). The IRPD spectra of TRA +–(N2)n (n = 1–6) recorded at higher sensitivity is also shown. The vibrational frequencies marked with filled circles are plotted in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-the-maxima-of-the-nh-stretching-frequencies-3svjwoy6.png Fig. 7 Plot of the maxima of the NH stretching frequencies (nNH) in the IRPD spectra of TRA+–(N2)n (n = 1–6) as a function of cluster size. The nNH frequency of the TRA+ monomer (n = 0) is estimated from nNH measured for TRA+–N2(p) and the computed frequency shift (1 cm 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-salient-parameters-of-the-intermolecular-nh-n2-and-2j3aelzi.png Table 1 Salient parameters of the intermolecular NH–N2 and intramolecular indolic N–H bonds of selected TRA +–(N2)n isomers evaluated at the oB97X-D/cc-pVTZ level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-irpd-spectrum-of-tra-n2-2-in-the-vicinity-of-the-2yj2ko12.png Fig. 5 IRPD spectrum of TRA+–(N2)2 in the vicinity of the indolic NH stretch fundamental (nNH) compared to the nNH frequencies of the H/p, 2H, and 2p isomers (Fig. 6) predicted at the oB97X-D/cc-pVTZ level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-structures-of-the-2h-h-p-and-2p-isomers-of-10jpbyb7.png Fig. 6 Calculated structures of the 2H, H/p, and 2p isomers of TRA+–(N2)2 obtained at the oB97X-D/cc-pVTZ level. Relative stabilization energies are given in kJ mol 1. The circled numbers are the labels of each N2 molecule. https://scispace.com/papers/weak-lensing-peak-finding-estimators-filters-and-biases-11447rpowj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-mass-bias-when-neglecting-magnification-2rtut0ij.png Figure 4. Estimated mass bias when neglecting magnification (top) and relative error (bottom) on the mass measurement using filtered shear estimators  and B̂. In the top panel, the thick lines show the mass bias expected if the signal itself is used to estimate the halo mass (thick lines), and if the signal-to-noise is used for the estimate (thin lines). In all cases, we have assumed a lens redshift of zL = 0.3 and a Gaussian shear filter with Θ = 3′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-signal-to-noise-of-the-estimator-a-as-a-function-of-3rb15o3v.png Figure 5. Signal-to-noise of the estimator  as a function of filter scale for different filter shapes (truncation scale in case of the matched-NFW filter), for a 3 × 1014 M h−1 halo at two different redshifts: zL = 0.3 (top panel) and zL = 0.6 (bottom panel). The thin lines show results without magnification, while the thick lines include magnification (q = 1.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-upper-panel-average-number-peak-of-peaks-npeak-nth-3a1e55c8.png Figure 6. Upper panel: average number peak of peaks Npeak(> νth) (per deg2) above the signal-to-noise threshold νth, with and without lensing bias for the two estimators Â, B̂, using a Gaussian shear filter with Θ = 3 arcmin. Lower panel: relative magnification effect on the peak counts, ΔNpeak(> νth)/Npeak(νth). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shear-filter-functions-considered-in-this-paper-as-1nlubb5h.png Figure 1. Shear filter functions considered in this paper, as a function of angular separation: Gaussian-smoothed shear filter, Gaussian-smoothed convergence filter using the method of Kaiser & Squires (1993), and matched-NFW filter (Marian & Bernstein 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-panel-average-number-peak-of-peaks-npeak-n-5-2j91lsd7.png Figure 7. Upper panel: average number peak of peaks Npeak(ν > 5) (per deg2), with and without magnification for the two estimators Â, B̂ as a function of the filter scale Θ. Other survey specifications as in Figure 2. Lower panel: relative magnification effect on the peak counts, ΔNpeak(ν > 5)/Npeak(ν > 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contributions-to-the-variance-of-smoothed-shear-iqfsp5km.png Figure 2. Contributions to the variance of smoothed shear estimators as a function of filter scale Θ for a Gaussian shear filter: shot noise σshot = √ Vshot (Equation (22)), source clustering noise σsrc = √ Vsrc (Equation (23)), and large-scale structure variance σLSS (Appendix B). σshot and σsrc are shown with (thick lines; q = 1.5) and without (thin lines; q = 0) magnification, while σLSS is only shown including the very small magnification correction (again for q = 1.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-panel-profile-of-convergence-k-tangential-22c4blbn.png Figure 8. Left panel: profile of convergence κ , tangential shear γ , tangential reduced shear g, and scaled magnification √ μ−1 around a halo of mass 3×1014 M h−1 located at zL = 0.3. Right panel: reduced shear and magnification weighted by area and the Gaussian filter W, for the same parameters as in the left panel. This shows which scales contribute to the signal in Equations (2) and (25). The thin lines show the results capped at κ = 0.5 (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-panel-signal-to-noise-of-estimators-a-and-b-3ttl6kqp.png Figure 3. Top panel: signal-to-noise of estimators  and B̂ without magnification for a lens halo of mass M at zL = 0.3, using a Gaussian shear filter and a KS–Gaussian filter (see Section 2.1). Middle panel: change in signal-to-noise of  and B̂ induced by magnification, for the same filters and lensing halo. Bottom panel: cumulative number of halos above mass M per square degree in a redshift slice centered at z = 0.3 and with width Δz = 0.1. https://scispace.com/papers/weber-s-law-a-mechanistic-foundation-after-two-centuries-4h2o7l5wgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependencies-of-accuracy-and-reaction-times-on-1jcq0j3c.png Figure 1. Dependencies of accuracy and reaction times on stimulus magnitude. a) Behavioral task: Rats discriminated sounds at various ratios and average magnitudes, high/low magnitudes are in orange/blue. b) Rats accumulate evidence until reaching a decision threshold (middle). Higher magnitudes lead to faster but noisier accumulation, leading to scale invariant reaction time distributions (top). Signal-to-noise ratios at the decision time are identical (bottom). c) Mean reaction times depend on sound ratio and average magnitude. d) If evidence accumulation is stopped early, trials with lower average magnitude will have lower accuracy (1). However, for free reaction times, accuracy follows Weber’s law (2). https://scispace.com/papers/webstrates-shareable-dynamic-media-3fxw3o3zwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-composition-of-alices-editor-the-instantiation-3trggqrc.png Figure 4: Composition of Alice’s editor. The instantiation element of the toolbar and the citation tool are shown with the hidden webstrates they transclude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-window-manager-webstrate-running-on-a-10-computer-3o4gj67f.png Figure 6: (a) Window manager webstrate running on a 10-computer wall-sized display. (b) Marker Clock activity tracker. (c) Tangible world-clock. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-opening-the-same-webstrate-in-different-browsers-16ubighl.png Figure 2: Opening the same webstrate in different browsers. Changes to the DOM are synchronized among clients and made persistent on the Webstrates server. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-alices-presenter-view-b-audience-view-c-session-zy5nvceq.png Figure 5: (a) Alice’s presenter view, (b) Audience view, (c) Session chair view, and (d) Architecture of these three linked presentation webstrates. Ovals indicate webstrates and arrows indicate transclusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-webstrates-transclude-the-same-figure-changes-uxq8cmg6.png Figure 3: Two webstrates transclude the same figure. Changes to the figure appear immediately in both. https://scispace.com/papers/web-based-objective-structured-clinical-examination-with-1vltcgaf9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-performance-overall-by-3dtycrip.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics of performance, overall by case (n = 59). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-descriptors-used-by-participant-sample-to-describe-the-1u7fs9jm.png Fig. 2. Descriptors used by participant sample to describe the study (n = 59). Residents were presented a list of adjectives and asked ‘‘please identify any word that describes how you feel about the overall format of the web-based exercise.’’ Residents could select any adjective and were not limited to the number of responses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-race-and-ethnicity-training-level-3i51k9o1.png Table 1 Distribution of race and ethnicity, training level and area of specialty for participant sample (n = 59). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-responses-to-physician-post-exercise-survey-n-59-3rla5vld.png Table 2 Responses to physician post-exercise survey (n = 59). https://scispace.com/papers/were-the-peseta-exchange-rate-crises-forecastable-during-5a4zdz7o1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-of-the-conditional-variance-of-exchange-1axnz2ot.png Table 4: Estimation of the Conditional Variance of Exchange Rate Shocks in the Second Sample (November 1993-December 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-of-the-conditional-variance-of-exchange-13on9c4b.png Table 3: Estimation of the Conditional Variance of Exchange Rate Shocks in the First Sample (September 1989-July 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-of-the-realignment-probability-of-the-gdwh3pib.png Table 6: Estimation of the Realignment Probability of the Band in the Second Sample (November 1993-December 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-of-the-realignment-probability-of-the-1a30pl2j.png Table 5: Estimation of the Realignment Probability of the Band in the First Sample (September 1989-July 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-parameters-in-the-first-sample-september-1wunxb0r.png Table 1: Estimated Parameters in the First Sample (September 1989-July 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-parameters-in-the-first-sample-september-13l75j5q.png Table 1: Estimated Parameters in the First Sample (September 1989-July 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-selection-models-criteria-in-the-first-sample-115fxt96.png Table 7: Selection Models Criteria in the First Sample (September 1989-July 1993) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-selection-models-criteria-in-the-second-sample-3s8ki89j.png Table 8: Selection Models Criteria in the Second Sample (November 1993-December 1998) https://scispace.com/papers/wetlands-of-the-united-states-current-status-and-recent-4d70rcrpb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-major-wetland-values-elxmd95i.png Table 1. List of major wetland values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-wetland-habitat-utilization-by-several-families-of-396apy8p.png Fig. 13. Wetland habitat utilization by several families of birds (from Weller and Spatcher 1965). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-38-present-extent-of-wetlands-in-the-florida-everglades-7lb7iwwh.png Fig. 38. Present extent of wetlands in the Florida Everglades; former wetlands are also shown (from Marshall 1981). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fish-and-wildhfe-service-s-official-wetland-vhb2az1q.png Fig. 2. The Fish and Wildhfe Service's official wetland classification report . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-recent-wetland-loss-rates-3t70c5w3.png Table 4. Examples of recent wetland loss rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-comparison-of-the-extent-of-natural-or-only-slightly-1n5xgl8d.png Fig. 47. Comparison of the extent of natural or only slightly modified pocosins in Nonh Carolina, (a) early 1950's and (b) 1980 (from Richardson 1981). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-45-bottomland-wetlands-are-being-channelized-clearcut-12rqdjtc.png Fig. 45. Bottomland wetlands are being channelized, clearcut and converted to agricultural uses in many areas of the Southeast, (a) channelization and (b) clearcutting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-wetlands-are-important-to-many-other-wildlife-a-2szghj4q.png Fig. 16. Wetlands are important to many other wildlife, (a) beaver, (b) caribou, (c) alligator, and (d) spring peeper. USFWS https://scispace.com/papers/what-college-women-know-think-and-do-about-human-5b3unbb2zc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hpv-hpv-vaccine-knowledge-percentages-of-correct-3se7kdah.png Table 3 HPV/HPV Vaccine Knowledge: Percentages of Correct Answers https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-reasons-for-not-obtaining-an-hpv-vaccine-2k0xjohp.png Table 10 Reasons for Not Obtaining an HPV Vaccine https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-attitudes-toward-hpv-vaccine-3ndk69j7.png Table 4 Attitudes toward HPV Vaccine https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-logistic-regression-predicting-hpv-vaccine-uptake-n-2nonhp4n.png Table 9 Logistic Regression Predicting HPV Vaccine Uptake (n=384) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-percentage-of-participants-who-either-agreed-or-1ur789bf.png Table 7 Percentage of Participants Who either Agreed or Strongly Agreed with Perceived Behavioral Control Statements https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-attitude-toward-getting-vaccinated-against-hpv-3i8heek0.png Table 5 Attitude toward Getting Vaccinated against HPV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theory-of-planned-behavior-model-ajzen-2010a-esfduzgs.png Figure 1. Theory of Planned Behavior Model (Ajzen, 2010a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-hierarchical-multiple-regression-analysis-summary-230qpnsd.png Table 11 Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis Summary for Attitude toward Getting Vaccinated against HPV, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control, Controlling for HPV Knowledge and Attitudes toward HPV Vaccine, Predicting Intention to Obtain HPV Vaccine (n=164) https://scispace.com/papers/what-contribution-does-the-installation-of-solar-water-1a1yteh2vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brief-overview-of-the-two-case-study-projects-10dw3183.png Table 3: Brief overview of the two case study projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vulnerability-context-related-to-swh-benefits-8ivf9rin.png Table 2: Vulnerability context related to SWH benefits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linkages-between-households-assets-and-solar-water-19k89iwu.png Table 1: Linkages between household’s assets and solar water heater interventions https://scispace.com/papers/what-counts-as-responding-contingency-on-previous-speaker-xkzesnqqsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-level-descriptors-relevant-to-the-ic-feature-of-2qahjl0e.png Table 1 Level descriptors relevant to the IC feature of contingent responses https://scispace.com/papers/what-determines-inter-coder-agreement-in-manual-annotations-15t6konole 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-included-studies-and-indices-in-the-three-618vrkkg.png Table 1 Number of included studies and indices in the three domains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-moderator-analyses-for-count-variables-1kwq06nu.png Table 3 Results of moderator analyses for count variables (based on the complete data set). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-study-characteristics-in-the-three-1cbneptf.png Table 5 Comparison of study characteristics in the three domains (percentage of studies, excluding language). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-agreement-rates-in-the-complete-17jspbn2.png Figure 1 Distribution of agreement rates in the complete data set and individual domains (unweighted means). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-extracted-and-coded-in-the-primary-2jsol5gt.png Table 2 Information extracted and coded in the primary studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-moderator-analyses-for-categorical-2e60lsea.png Table 4 Results of moderator analyses for categorical variables (based on the complete data set). https://scispace.com/papers/what-drives-innovativeness-in-industrial-clusters-2g9pehs9zg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linking-agglomeration-advantages-with-firm-level-355j5h9f.png Table 1: Linking agglomeration advantages with firm-level learning mechanisms https://scispace.com/papers/what-factors-drive-transport-and-logistics-costs-in-africa-4arwauld6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-of-regression-results-to-regions-and-per-11f6fs7e.png Table 5. Sensitivity of regression results to regions and per capita income levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simulation-of-potential-savings-on-the-costs-to-2utx4sps.png Table 6. Simulation of potential savings on the costs to import (2006-2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-domestic-transport-and-logistics-costs-in-africa-38ati45d.png Table 1. Domestic transport and logistics costs in Africa: time-varying variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-of-transport-and-logistics-costs-19uskzjd.png Table 2. Regression results of transport and logistics costs in Africa (2006-2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transport-and-logistics-costs-determinants-and-1g5kvi9p.png Table 3. Transport and logistics costs determinants and instrumentation of the Processing time https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transport-and-logistics-costs-3w347sn6.png Table 4. Transport and logistics costs: https://scispace.com/papers/what-have-we-learned-from-over-two-decades-of-monitoring-486pre4v67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-and-percentage-of-catchment-monitored-by-123w93l8.png Table 1*Location and percentage (%) of catchment monitored by each of the riverine monitoring stations in the national river inputs monitoring programme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-long-term-average-lta-minimum-and-maximum-flow-for-2xrypowi.png Table 2*Long-term average (LTA), minimum and maximum flow for each of the riverine monitoring stations. Period over which LTA is based is also shown and the sea area into which each river discharges is also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-range-of-national-monitored-and-yknn9aad.png Table 5*Statistical range of national (monitored and unmonitored) three-year average annual river load for each nutrient parameter between 1990 and 2013. The three-year period when maximum and minimum loadings occur is shown in parenthesis. The percentage (%) reduction from maximum and average load is also shown. Analysis based on flow-normalised data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-national-direct-discharges-of-point-56w4jfex.png Table 7*Comparison of national direct discharges of point sources of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from wastewater and industry sources downstream of the riverine monitoring stations over two time periods. Direct discharges in monitored and unmonitored catchments are included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-and-three-year-running-average-annual-national-1kl8nqph.png Fig. 2*Annual and three-year running average annual national river loads (normalised) of (a,d) total phosphorus (TP), (b,e) total nitrogen (TN) and (c,f) total ammonia (TA) to the marine environment from monitored and unmonitored areas between 1990 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-year-2011-13-average-annual-load-tonnes-yr-1-for-y8qxnl7z.png Fig. 3*Three-year (2011 13) average annual load (tonnes yr 1) for (a) total phosphorus (TP), (e) total nitrogen (TN) (i) and total ammonia (TA); three-year (2011 13) average annual export loading (kg hectare 1yr 1) for (b) TP, (f) TN and (j); percentage (%) difference between the first (1990 92) and last (2011 13) three-year average annual loads for (c) TP, (g) TN and (k) TA and the percentage difference between the maximum (peak) three-year average annual load and the last three-year average annual load for (d) TP, (h) TN and (l) TA for each of the nineteen rivers discharging to Ireland’s marine environment over the period 1990 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-river-catchments-and-hydrometric-stations-involved-in-120v2ned.png Fig. 1*River catchments and hydrometric stations involved in the OSPAR Comprehensive Study on Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID). Area of catchment monitored indicated in dark grey, unmonitored area downstream of monitored area indicated in light grey and unmonitored catchments indicated in green. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-an-appropriate-caries-diagnosis-40e54mo239 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-diagnostic-results-obtained-when-applying-bitewing-13tbslrl.png Table I. Diagnostic results obtained when applying bitewing radiography (BW) for the detection of approximal cavities in a population of 10,000 approximal surfaces. Given for different values of the true, but unknown, prevalence of approximal cavitation. Sensitivity = 66%, specificity = 95% [71]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-development-over-three-decades-in-the-number-of-3dn4lvv9.png Figure 4. Development over three decades in the number of natural teeth present among Swedes aged 10–80 years. Data from Hugoson et al. [165]. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-technicality-a-technicality-analysis-model-for-eap-3uzys97a8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-exemplifications-of-tam-1-least-technical-n6sm40u5.png Table 6 Exemplifications of TAM 1 (Least technical) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-corpora-word-counts-25bal15x.png Table 4 Corpora word counts https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-composition-of-the-financial-sector-specific-words-47074e2l.png Table 5 Composition of the financial-sector-specific words https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-exemplifications-of-tam-4-very-technical-1w2p0gck.png Table 9 Exemplifications of TAM 4 (Very technical) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-results-of-technicality-analysis-by-degree-of-3d4mql6w.png Table 11 Results of technicality analysis by degree of technicality https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-exemplifications-of-tam-2-slightly-technical-1m5w4qj2.png Table 7 Exemplifications of TAM 2 (Slightly technical) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-list-of-most-technical-words-word-no-of-tokens-bnc-2h219fkk.png Table 10 List of most technical words Word No. of tokens BNC/COCA banding https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-role-of-innovation-strategies-evidence-from-40bcj2ybsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recursive-bivariate-probit-of-the-probability-of-13rue00b.png Table 3. Recursive bivariate probit of the probability of abandoning a project and the probability to suffer financial constraints for potential and non-potential firms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-spearmans-rank-correlation-1jypjw21.png Table A-2. Spearman’s rank correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-observations-distribution-of-observations-1l0qex6g.png Table 1. Number of observations. Distribution of observations according with the FC and whether they abandon or not a project. 2005-2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-statistical-descriptive-mean-and-standard-z6i4nd4s.png Table A-1. Statistical descriptive. Mean and Standard deviations between brackets. 2005-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-checks-recursive-bivariate-probit-of-the-1ub3fytc.png Table 4. Robustness checks. Recursive bivariate probit of the probability of abandoning a project and the probability to suffer financial constraints for the whole database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recursive-bivariate-probit-of-the-probability-of-31crkv1g.png Table 2. Recursive bivariate probit of the probability of abandoning a project and the probability to suffer financial constraints https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-shape-of-geographical-time-space-a-three-2hrt7ao3pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-space-inversion-between-three-places-located-in-ly9b5ge7.png Figure 1. Space inversion between three places located in geographical space (kilometres) and in geographical time-space (duration). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-commercial-speed-of-aircraft-services-on-a-33s2jdre.png Figure 2. The commercial speed of aircraft services on a sample of origin destination pairs (data from www.flightglobal.com in 2016) and a linear approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cones-and-edges-in-three-dimensions-as-a-basic-1p8tm6kz.png Figure 3. Cones and edges in three dimensions as a basic structure for time-space representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-representation-of-the-chinese-geographical-time-ogebcd8e.png Figure 4. A representation of the Chinese geographical time-space in 2006. View of a model generated by the Shriveling world software, unprojected Chinese cities, flight information from openflights.org, UN WUP cities data. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-value-of-and-who-values-native-bee-pollination-as9rhv9j6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-maine-usa-wild-blueberry-and-massachusetts-usa-221rpdq0.png Table 6. Maine, USA, wild blueberry and Massachusetts, USA, cranberry pollination valuation comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-production-function-of-crop-yield-versus-hive-qie378kv.png Figure 4. Production function of crop yield versus hive density for Maine, USA, wild blueberries and Massachusetts, USA, cranberries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-diagramming-relationships-between-wild-32rtnvg4.png Figure 3. Flowchart diagramming relationships between wild bee pollination value metrics. Figure 3. Flo chart diagra ing relationships bet een ild bee pollination value etrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-use-and-characteristics-of-17addqcq.png Table 2. Comparisons of use and characteristics of pollinators by wild blueberry (BB) producers in Maine, USA and cranberry (CB) growers in Massachusetts, USA using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-linear-multivariate-regression-estimates-for-maine-1u0wr5mo.png Table 5. Linear multivariate regression estimates for Maine, USA, wild blueberry (BB) and Massachusetts, USA, cranberry (CB) production functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-glossary-of-key-economic-terms-for-economic-1tcr2zlm.png Table 1. Glossary of key economic terms for economic budgeting and valuing wild bee pollination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-and-marginal-output-revenue-and-profit-per-nq6dhcc5.png Table 4. Total and marginal output, revenue, and profit per hectare from adding more rented hives for Maine, USA, wild blueberry and Massachusetts, USA, cranberry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-production-areas-and-regions-for-massachusetts-3rddsod5.png Figure 1. Production areas and regions for Massachusetts, United States (USA) cranberries (red) and Maine, USA, wild blueberries (blue). https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-a-good-children-s-doctor-exploring-the-child-2sxmsa7rkc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-distribution-of-childrens-scores-2uyuetrf.png Figure 1 - Frequency distribution of children’s scores https://scispace.com/papers/what-level-of-accuracy-is-achievable-for-preclinical-dose-4ibpy32w04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-matched-ct-panel-a-and-cbct-panel-b-images-1qayntzu.png FIG. 2. Example of matched CT (panel A) and CBCT (panel B) images for a rat with a flank tumor. The GTV contoured on the CT image is in blue in both images; the contour of the GTV re-delineated on the CBCT is shown in red. The thickness (;1 cm) and position of the Super Stuff bolus, visible as the structure surrounding the animal’s body, are consistent between CT and CBCT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gtv1-and-btv-characteristics-for-rat-tumors-planned-3p0f7epe.png TABLE 2 GTV1 and BTV Characteristics for Rat Tumors Planned to Receive 12 Gy as a Uniform Dose or Dose Redistributed to Boost the BTVhigh or BTVlow Tumor Subvolumes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prescribed-dose-parameters-for-uniform-btvhigh-and-5n88ct3g.png TABLE 3 Prescribed Dose Parameters for Uniform, BTVhigh and BTVlow Boost https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-passing-rates-for-the-gamma-analyses-of-the-2d-dose-3kn1whvl.png TABLE 6 Passing Rates for the Gamma Analyses of the 2D Dose Distributions for Verification Plans Calculated in Eclipse on CT or CBCT Image against the Dose Distributions Measured by Radiochromic Films for One Uniform and Three Heterogeneous Plans https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dvh-metrics-for-gtv1-and-btv-for-all-ct-calculated-1nfjcnks.png TABLE 5 DVH Metrics for GTV1 and BTV for All CT Calculated Plans https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representative-treatment-plans-for-the-three-different-1c5jm6dc.png FIG. 4. Representative treatment plans for the three different arms of the study. Panel A: Dose distribution for a uniform plan (arm A) with a mean dose of 12 Gy prescribed to the GTV. Panel B: Dose distribution for an FDG high-uptake boost plan (BTVhigh; arm B) with a prescribed dose of 15 Gy to 30% of the GTV with the highest FDG uptake. Panel C: Dose distribution for an FDG low-uptake boost plan (BTVlow; arm C) with a prescribed dose of 15 Gy to 30% of the GTV with the lowest FDG uptake. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-box-and-whiskers-plots-showing-for-absolute-per-voxel-1swfmr03.png FIG. 3. Box and whiskers plots showing for absolute (per voxel) dose difference in GTV1 (panel A), BTV (panel B) and GTV1 – BTV (panel C) for each treatment group. The red line indicates for each structure and treatment arm the mean absolute (per voxel) dose difference between prescribed and achieved treatment planning system dose. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-house-fabricated-water-equivalent-phantom-panel-a-31ogmisk.png FIG. 1. In-house fabricated water-equivalent phantom (panel A) resembling in both size and shape a rat carrying a flank tumor. In its inside an EBT3 film is visible. The phantom was made of two slabs (panel B); the phantom was equipped with ball CT markers (panel C) for CBCT to CT matching. https://scispace.com/papers/what-motivates-banks-to-use-derivatives-evidence-from-taiwan-ktr7maifso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-derivatives-participation-on-firm-risks-1ft0ktze.png Table 4 Effects of derivatives participation on firm risks, based on Eq. (5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-derivatives-usage-on-firm-risks-based-on-2yr98t06.png Table 5 Effects of derivatives usage on firm risks, based on Eq. (6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-analysis-of-the-determinants-explaining-zbwk2aj0.png Table 2 Probit analysis of the determinants explaining derivative participation, based on Eq. (3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-model-measuring-factors-affecting-the-2o73s5js.png Table 3 Determinants model measuring factors affecting the level of derivative usage, based on Eq. (4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-measurement-of-variables-and-2uuf5ul1.png Table 1 Definitions, measurement of variables and hypothesized signs for the determinants and risk models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-effects-of-derivatives-participation-on-luqwos7t.png Table 4 Effects of derivatives participation on firm risks, based on Eq. (5) https://scispace.com/papers/what-preservice-social-studies-teachers-don-t-know-about-2vbmx9gb6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parties-and-important-political-personalities-2hadt3nx.png Table 2. Parties and Important Political Personalities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-domestic-current-events-mmid3zht.png Table 3. Domestic Current Events https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-governmental-institutions-and-processes-2o112r80.png Table 1. Governmental Institutions and Processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-foreign-current-events-2hlei0z4.png Table 4. Foreign Current Events https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-wrong-with-international-financial-markets-4mm4dn30v5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-omarfgpi.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structure-of-debt-owed-to-bis-reporting-banks-1998-w5szxq1e.png Table 1 Structure of Debt Owed to BIS Reporting Banks 1998 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11oipdad.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3mlzpuyy.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/what-the-general-dental-practitioner-needs-to-know-about-hpv-iz1il48lhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-imaging-examples-of-oropharyngeal-tumours-a-axial-23by1w7c.png Figure 4: Imaging examples of oropharyngeal tumours: A: Axial and sagittal CT imaging demonstrating large tongue base tumour infiltrating the epiglottis (black arrows) with an associated large nodal mass (red arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-this-intra-oral-clinical-photograph-and-1oa3d3tv.png Figure 5: This intra-oral clinical photograph and corresponding coronal MRI image demonstrate oropharyngeal asymmetry secondary to a large tumour within the deep lobe of the parotid gland (in this case, histology showed a benign pleomorphic adenoma). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-series-of-clinical-photographs-demonstrating-26vh7cec.png Figure 3: Series of clinical photographs demonstrating malignancy of the oropharynx: A: Intra-oral photograph of a large right tonsillar tumour (black arrows) which is causing displacement of the uvula (red arrow) to the left https://scispace.com/papers/whatever-the-customer-wants-the-customer-gets-exploring-the-4zwt0vciic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-choice-task-translated-from-german-1824hkjx.png Fig. 1. Sample choice task (translated from German). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hierarchical-bayesa-model-estimation-of-mean-utility-x6s21bv9.png Table 2 Hierarchical Bayesa model estimation of mean utility valuesb (N¼4968 choices made by 414 survey participants). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-importances-of-the-attributes-of-electricity-oynk00d8.png Table 3 Importances of the attributes of electricity products. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-association-of-energy-sources-with-different-3180r1a4.png Fig. 4. Association of energy sources with different statements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-implicit-willingness-to-pay-for-attribute-levels-of-38aqkyhf.png Fig. 2. Implicit willingness to pay for attribute levels of electricity products (relative to default). Note: Attribute levels of default product (Mix 2, made in Germany, regional provider, no price guarantee, no certification, yearly cancellation period) are marked with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ranking-of-preferences-for-the-support-of-renewable-2ikpxn8a.png Fig. 3. Ranking of preferences for the support of renewable energy sources (The values in parentheses represent the average ranking in the respondents’ priority lists). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-choice-experiment-design-attributes-and-levels-dssd7rm2.png Table 1 Choice experiment design: attributes and levels. https://scispace.com/papers/when-gender-matters-in-scientific-communication-the-role-of-3eyqjwke9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lead-authors-first-and-last-by-gender-1b8edk14.png Table 1 Lead Authors (First and Last) by Gender https://scispace.com/papers/when-just-doing-it-is-not-enough-assessing-the-fidelity-of-3seof4mn2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-observations-and-exercise-fidelity-fkgohnf7.png Table 1: Description, observations and exercise fidelity agreement for the observed FootyFirst warm-up 349 exercises 350 https://scispace.com/papers/when-quantity-trumps-number-discrimination-experiments-in-45fvts1xex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-food-pellet-presentation-for-experiment-2-the-2b5s07kt.png Figure 3. Food pellet presentation for Experiment 2. The larger number of items was associated with either a greater, equal, or smaller amount of food (see text), and the larger number was either more dense than the smaller number (asymmetric) or equally dense (symmetric). Pellet size is not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-choice-as-a-function-of-ratio-of-large-to-small-exzaumu1.png Figure 2. Choice as a function of ratio of large to small reward magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-preference-for-larger-number-as-a-function-of-gkjmdpkv.png Figure 4. Preference for larger number as a function of whether number was associated with either a greater, equal, or smaller amount of food in Experiment 2. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Pellet size is not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-preference-for-larger-amount-or-more-dense-food-1c05ah6b.png Figure 5. Preference for larger amount or more dense food items as a function of density and food size differential in Experiment 3. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Pellet size is not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-pairs-and-ratios-as-a-function-of-3at9x12d.png Table 1. Numerical pairs and ratios as a function of numerical distance and magnitude of smallest reward https://scispace.com/papers/when-syrian-girls-meet-turkish-boys-mapping-gendered-stories-xjfn7d5u7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-information-of-the-interviewed-couples-26oewd4z.png Table 1. Demographic information of the interviewed couples https://scispace.com/papers/when-totems-beget-clans-the-brand-symbol-as-the-defining-3uow1g71bm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relationship-between-categorical-identities-and-1xkia0os.png Figure 1. The relationship between categorical identities and action sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-activity-enthusiasts-and-brand-qe8k1ik4.png Figure 2. Relationship between activity enthusiasts and brand communities. https://scispace.com/papers/when-tablets-meet-tabletops-the-effect-of-tabletop-size-on-1vei5r12a4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-system-with-two-tablets-and-one-1gp2qdnt.png Figure 2. Overview of the system with two tablets and one tabletop. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-percentage-of-time-that-participants-focused-on-2noutca9.png Table 1. Mean percentage of time that participants focused on tablets, tabletop, other persons, or other objects. Statistically significant differences (p<.05) are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-document-transfers-across-devices-per-participant-2y3hkcaj.png Table 2. Document transfers across devices per participant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-time-that-participants-were-talking-to-1l4d1m90.png Table 4. Percentage of time that participants were talking to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-number-of-different-manipulations-of-documents-2xy8n7z1.png Table 3. Mean number of different manipulations of documents on the tabletop per session. Statistically significant differences (p<.05) are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-individuals-focus-while-talking-statistically-1xsv75ud.png Table 5. Individuals’ focus while talking. Statistically significant differences (p<.05) are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-performance-scores-mixed-effects-model-based-on-2qyr9ixs.png Table 6. Mean Performance Scores (mixed-effects model, based on individual scores) and Levels of Conformity per group (one-way ANOVA, based on group scores). https://scispace.com/papers/where-can-wolves-live-and-how-can-we-live-with-them-lyk69k1zm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectory-of-mexican-wolf-population-reintroduced-yzmj2qc7.png Fig. 2. Trajectory of Mexican wolf population reintroduced into Arizona and New Mexico. http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/mexicanwolf/MWPS.cfm accessed Feb. 26, 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wolf-population-and-public-harvest-information-for-1tucf6sz.png Table 1 Wolf population and public harvest information for Montana (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service et al., 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-current-distribution-of-the-gray-wolf-canis-lupus-in-1hyh31o0.png Fig. 1. A. Current distribution of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in the contiguous United States. Original distribution was the entire area except possibly the Southeast, where the red wolf (Canis rufus) lived.B. Current distribution of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in western and central Europe. Original distribution was the entire area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coyote-on-roof-in-new-york-city-usa-thought-to-have-154hca11.png Fig. 3. Coyote on roof in New York City, USA, thought to have come from exploring nearby buildings as part of a larger urban coyote population (Bittel 2015). https://scispace.com/papers/where-is-the-south-using-beta-convergence-to-define-a-fuzzy-35kjl1a71u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-global-morans-i-values-2avuxyj7.png Table 2: Global Moran’s I Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2004-pcpi-clusters-first-order-weighting-top-and-l0e3bwns.png Figure 3. 2004 PCPI Clusters. First order weighting (top) and Second order weighting (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1970-pcpi-clusters-first-order-weighting-top-and-glck4tx7.png Figure 2. 1970 PCPI Clusters. First order weighting (top) and Second order weighting (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-common-delineations-of-the-south-3lyfr4du.png Figure 1. Common Delineations of the South. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-functional-economic-south-319gt6x1.png Figure 5. The Functional Economic South. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3dnxcp6u.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pcpi-change-clusters-first-order-weighting-top-and-2h59x3ic.png Figure 4. PCPI Change Clusters. First order weighting (top) and Second order weighting (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/where-they-live-and-go-immigrant-ethnic-activity-space-and-ee5oljbm63 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immigrant-population-number-of-ethnic-business-and-29urznvy.png Figure 1. Immigrant Population, Number of Ethnic Business and Immigrant Activity Space (Korea) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-percent-immigrants-number-of-ethnic-1my751bx.png Table 2. Correlations: Percent Immigrants, Number of Ethnic Business and IEAS by Groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-immigrant-activity-space-china-3s8q4opi.png Figure 4. Immigrant Activity Space (China) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-for-various-strategies-of-immigrant-11qlcr0p.png Table 3. Coefficients for Various Strategies of Immigrant Neighborhood and Crime (Violent and Property) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immigrant-activity-space-vietnam-3raejr8j.png Figure 2. Immigrant Activity Space (Vietnam) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-nkn6biq4.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-immigrant-activity-space-korea-31ne4le8.png Figure 3. Immigrant Activity Space (Korea) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-coefficients-for-ieas-and-crime-violent-and-property-t6l1lc93.png Table 4. Coefficients for IEAS and Crime (Violent and Property) https://scispace.com/papers/where-the-streets-have-known-names-t5qbd7x2z3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-professions-of-people-after-whom-the-streets-in-rome-2ejiv00s.png Fig. 2. Professions of people after whom the streets in Rome are named. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gender-of-people-after-whom-the-streets-in-rome-are-ellbxcqd.png Fig. 1. Gender of people after whom the streets in Rome are named. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-editing-list-of-associated-entities-on-the-web-fzcinmps.png Fig. 4. Editing list of associated entities on the web platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-selecting-a-street-on-the-web-platform-35db0fzv.png Fig. 3. Selecting a street on the web platform. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-query-used-in-the-evaluation-sommergibile-2hbw8etx.png Table 1. Sample query used in the evaluation. Sommergibile means submarine. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-the-ranking-methods-using-mean-qgx9t0xp.png Table 2. Performance of the ranking methods, using mean average precision (mAP), mean reciprocal rank (MRR), and normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG). Best results in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/which-demand-systems-can-be-generated-by-discrete-choice-31mcwns28d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pattern-of-demand-in-discrete-choice-model-1jx53szr.png Figure 1: Pattern of demand in discrete choice model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pattern-of-demand-when-products-are-partial-3vfj5lyh.png Figure 3: Pattern of demand when products are partial substitutes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-linear-demand-system-20s2l9d4.png Figure 2: A linear demand system https://scispace.com/papers/where-you-are-is-who-you-are-user-identification-by-matching-2l1zpx9l0g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-gridding-of-the-5th-ring-road-of-beijing-into-3b4shu71.png Fig. 10. (a) Gridding of the 5th ring road of Beijing into squares of 100 m× 100 m. In area has approximate size of 39 Km× 39 Km. The grids in which a GPS position is recorded for a user is darkened. (b) The active weeks for each user during the data collection campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-matching-accuracy-for-the-wbh-dataset-with-n-102-users-3n4jawel.png Fig. 9. Matching accuracy for the WBH dataset with N = 102 users by using different measures when only a subset of the popular websites are considered. The measures are defined in (7), (6), (4), and (5). The proposed weight function yields the highest percentage accuracy in the matching. The popularity of the websites is shown in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-an-illustrative-example-of-user-identification-task-12abnwar.png TABLE I AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF USER IDENTIFICATION TASK ON HISTOGRAMS. LOCATION STATISTICS IN THE FORM OF HISTOGRAMS OF SOME USERS ARE RELEASED (IN (a)), WHERE THE USER IDENTITIES ARE REMOVED. AN ADVERSARY HAS ACCESS TO SOME AUXILIARY HISTOGRAMS (IN (b)) ABOUT THE SAME USERS WHERE THE USER IDENTITIES ARE KNOWN. THE TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE HISTOGRAMS IN (a) ARE COLLECTED DOES NOT OVERLAP WITH THE TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE HISTOGRAMS IN (b) ARE COLLECTED. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE ADVERSARY IS TO MATCH THE USERS (i.e., ROWS) ACROSS THE TWO TABLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-matching-problem-when-the-histograms-in-sets-ps1-and-3s37sl3s.png Fig. 3. Matching problem when the histograms in sets ψ1 and ψ2 belong to different sets of distinct users (i.e., U1 = U2). Histograms belonging to users in U1 ∩ U2 are marked by black circles and histograms in the sets U1\U2 and U2\U1 are marked by black triangles and squares, respectively. In (a), U1 ⊂ U2 with |U1| = N . The proposed solution is given by the minimumweight maximal matching of the graph. In (b), |U1 ∩ U2| = r < N . In this case, the proposed solution is given by the minimum-weight matching with cardinality r on the graph. The green edges represent the correct matching between the histograms in the set U1 ∩ U2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-total-number-of-visits-i-e-popularity-to-the-k-3neyaikg.png Fig. 8. The total number of visits (i.e., popularity) to the K websites by all the users in the two-week period. The figure is plotted in a log-log scale and the websites are indexed according to their popularity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-problem-of-histogram-classification-which-is-to-s46amcbl.png Fig. 1. (a) The problem of histogram classification, which is to to classify the test histogram to the correct class based on the training histograms. (b) The problem of histogram matching studied in this paper, which is to simultaneously classify the test histograms to the training histograms subject to the constraint that each test histogram belongs to a distinct class. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-trade-off-between-user-level-denoted-by-u-lev-and-8my6ze2x.png Fig. 12. The trade-off between user-level (denoted by U-Lev.) and cluster-level (denoted by C-Lev.) matching accuracies and the information loss L as k-anonymity is guaranteed to the users. As k increases, more distortion is added to the histograms (i.e., more information is lost) but the user-level accuracy drops meaning that the users enjoy higher privacy with respect to the adversary. The cluster-level accuracy however experiences much less fluctuation. (a) CDR dataset (N = 1000). (b) WBH dataset (N = 102). (c) GL dataset (N = 154). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-matching-accuracy-obtained-on-g-in-figure-2-by-3n2uwzzz.png TABLE II MATCHING ACCURACY OBTAINED ON G IN FIGURE 2 BY USING (A1) WITH VARIOUS CHOICES FOR THE DISTANCE/SIMILARITY MEASURES BETWEEN THE HISTOGRAMS DEFINED IN (7), (6), (5), AND (4). THE PROPOSED WEIGHT FUNCTION CONSISTENTLY YIELDS THE HIGHEST ACCURACY FOR ALL THREE DATASETS https://scispace.com/papers/whitened-expectation-propagation-non-lambertian-shape-from-539mhk08iv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-whitened-ep-under-several-reflectances-80sx7ito.png Figure 2. Results of whitened EP under several reflectances and lighting conditions. The left column shows example potential functions φR(p, q|i). In each case, potentials are highly non-Gaussian. The potential φR(p, q|i) differs at each pixel depending on intensity; here the chosen intensity is given by the blue dot on each sphere. For each reflectance, inferred surfaces are shown for benchmark SfS images. Mean-squared image error is reported for each case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-the-whitened-ep-algorithm-for-lambertian-dmizkrq9.png Figure 1. Results of the Whitened EP algorithm for Lambertian SfS, in comparison with other methods. Subfigure c) shows the results of linear constraint node BP [17]. Subfigure d) shows the results of EP using a full covariance matrix. Each of these methods is able to satisfy the Lambertian constraint accurately. Whitened EP is able to perform comparably in a substantially less time than other methods and with greater flexibility towards dense factor graphs or large cliques. Subfigure e) shows the results of diagonal EP without whitening. https://scispace.com/papers/white-matter-hyperintensities-grey-matter-atrophy-and-2apzzvy60o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regional-grey-matter-differences-between-mci-ad-ftd-8xofzv75.png Figure 2. Regional grey matter differences between MCI, AD, FTD, PD cohorts and their age-matched controls. Each row includes different axial slices covering the brain, showing the t-statistics for regions that were significantly different between controls and patients after FDR correction. MCI= mild cognitive impairment. AD= Alzheimer’s dementia. FTD= fronto-temporal dementia. PD= Parkinson’s disease. Images presented in neurological format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-significant-interactions-between-cohort-and-wmh-6o1g9ksi.png Figure 4. Significant interactions between cohort and WMH loads per tract affecting cognitive scores in PD, FTD, MCI, and AD patients (FDR corrected p-value<0.05). Colors indicate the t-statistic values from the mixed effects models (eq. 4), with colder colors indicating poorer cognitive performance relating to higher WMH burden. WMH=White Matter Hyperintensities. PD= Parkinson’s Disease. FTD= Fronto-temporal Dementia. MCI= Mild Cognitive Impairment. AD= Alzheimer’s Dementia. All images in neurological format. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-participants-enrolled-17qtwvof.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the participants enrolled in this study at baseline. Data are number of participants in each category (N), and mean ± standard deviation of the variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-significant-interactions-between-wmh-loads-per-13th7saz.png Figure 3. Significant interactions between WMH loads per tract and cohort, impacting regional GM volumes in MCI, and AD, FTD, and PD patients (Eq. 3). The connections show the significant regions for each tract (FDR corrected pvalue<0.05). Colors indicate t-statistics, with colder colors indicating higher levels of atrophy (lower DBM values) relating to higher WMH burden. WMH=White Matter Hyperintensities. DBM= Deformation Based Morphometry. PD= Parkinson’s Disease. FTD= Fronto-temporal Dementia. MCI= Mild Cognitive Impairment. AD= Alzheimer’s Dementia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-wmh-differences-between-mci-ad-ftd-pd-xei348wh.png Figure 1. Regional WMH differences between MCI, AD, FTD, PD cohorts and their corresponding study age-matched controls. Each row includes different axial slices covering the brain, showing the t-statistics for regions that were significantly different between controls and patients after FDR correction. WMH= white matter hyperintensities. MCI= mild cognitive impairment. AD= Alzheimer’s dementia. FTD= fronto-temporal dementia. PD= Parkinson’s disease. Images presented in neurological format, i.e. left is on left. https://scispace.com/papers/white-paper-report-on-using-nuclear-reactors-to-search-for-a-3b44m7qahd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-29t8zg3t.png Table 16: https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cosmic-ray-rejection-26s32102.png Table 7: cosmic ray rejection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-45-picture-of-the-diablo-canyon-nuclear-power-plant-2bve5sir.png Figure 45: Picture of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in San Luis Obispo County, California, USA. The local topography at Diablo Canyon allows the construction of an underground tunnel between 0.9-2 km for the placement of two or more neutrino detectors. A longer tunnel up to a distance of 3 km is possible. It may be possible to place an additional near detector at 0.4 km under artificial overburden. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-46-topographic-map-of-the-site-of-the-diablo-canyon-1xqpn42w.png Figure 46: Topographic map of the site of the Diablo Canyon Power Plant. The land boundary (black) as well as the power plant site boundary (red) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-responsibilities-of-contractually-bound-parties-2cmpo585.png Figure 40: Responsibilities of Contractually-Bound Parties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-49-interaction-of-the-muon-veto-neutron-shield-system-12ga6ek9.png Figure 49: Interaction of the Muon Veto Neutron Shield system with muon induced fast neutrons produced both inside and outside the shielding bunker. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-sensitivity-to-sin2-2th13-at-the-90-cl-for-39t749d9.png Figure 14: The sensitivity to sin2 2θ13 at the 90% CL for Reactor-I and ReactorII as a function of the near detector position. The far detector is situated at 1.7 km and we assume identical detector masses and ∆m231 = 3×10−3 eV2. Furthermore, the impact of an uncorrelated theoretical shape uncertainty σshape = 2% is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sensitivity-to-sin2-2th13-at-90-cl-as-a-function-kgqzz1z6.png Figure 13: Sensitivity to sin2 2θ13 at 90% CL as a function of the luminosity for an uncorrelated experimental systematic error (“bin-to-bin error”) σexp = 0.1% and 0.5%, and background levels in the far detector relative to the total number of events for no oscillations of 1% and 5%. Here LND = 0.2 km, LFD = 1.7 km, ∆m231 = 2× 10−3 eV2, and σshape = 2%. Identical detector masses are assumed for near and far detectors. https://scispace.com/papers/whitening-in-range-to-improve-weather-radar-spectral-moment-4vajt5u8t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-snrc-vs-the-normalized-spectrum-width-for-a-signal-3fxj9osi.png FIG. 4. SNRc vs the normalized spectrum width for (a) signal power, (b) mean Doppler velocity, and (c) Doppler spectrum width estimators in an ideal system. Solid lines represent the SNR at which the errors of WTB estimates equal the errors of MFB estimates. Dashed lines represent the SNR at which the errors of WTB estimates equal the errors of OAB estimates. WTB estimates are accepted if SNR . SNRc; otherwise, classical estimates are preferred. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depiction-of-sampling-oversampling-in-range-and-2b61u7v9.png FIG. 1. Depiction of sampling/oversampling in range and processing of the signals. (a) Samples in range with spacing equal to the pulse length t; standard processing to obtain correlation estimates is indicated; (b) oversampling in range; (c) zoomed presentation of oversampled range locations where range samples to be whitened with matrix W are indicated; (d) processing of whitened samples to obtain estimates of correlations in range and average of these estimates in range to reduce the statistical errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bias-of-a-signal-power-b-mean-doppler-velocity-and-c-3po2jqhf.png FIG. 3. Bias of (a) signal power, (b) mean Doppler velocity, and (c) Doppler spectrum width estimates vs the SNR for the ideal case. The three curves in each figure correspond to WTB, MFB, and OAB estimators, respectively. The results were obtained from simulations by averaging 1000 realizations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-standard-error-of-a-signal-power-b-mean-doppler-1qpysvt3.png FIG. 2. Standard error of (a) signal power, (b) mean Doppler velocity, and (c) Doppler spectrum width estimates vs the SNR for the ideal case. The three sets of curves in each figure correspond to WTB, MFB, and OAB estimators, respectively. Solid lines show the results from simulations (averaging 1000 realizations), and dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/whither-armington-trade-models-3ktb8u4l3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-aids-significance-tests-for-cotton-t5fhhxvd.png Table 6. Summary of AIDS Significance Tests for Cotton https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aids-model-test-results-for-japanese-wheat-imports-1hpewqfq.png Table 3. AIDS Model Test Results for Japanese Wheat Imports https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-armington-model-estimates-for-wheat-and-cotton-3mr8aka8.png Table 2. Armington Model Estimates for Wheat and Cotton https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nonparametric-test-results-2f20bg0s.png Table 1. Nonparametric Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-aids-significance-tests-for-wheat-22n1xpd7.png Table 5. Summary of AIDS Significance Tests for Wheat https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-nonparametric-double-log-and-aids-model-2ic1mfgp.png Table 7. Summary of Nonparametric, Double-Log, and AIDS Model Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-uncompensated-own-price-elasticities-of-demand-for-3vghhue1.png Table 8. Uncompensated Own-Price Elasticities of Demand for Imports of U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aids-model-x2-test-results-for-japanese-cotton-1alo27zu.png Table 4. AIDS Model x2 Test Results for Japanese Cotton Imports https://scispace.com/papers/who-can-assess-hr-performance-in-it-is-projects-a-review-1s2b715ovu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-supervisor-downward-assessment-d2735rfl.png Fig. 4. Top Supervisor (downward assessment) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-self-self-assessment-1x1h8ef6.png Fig. 5. Self (self-assessment) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-peers-peer-assessment-3vjqsjki.png Fig. 6. Peers (peer assessment) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-360-degree-evaluation-cv4fre77.png Fig. 7. 360-degree Evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sources-of-performance-information-fiqzfbpq.png Fig. 1. Sources of performance information https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subordinates-upward-assessment-1seiswlj.png Fig. 3. Subordinates (upward assessment) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-supervisor-downward-assessment-3vaadcfz.png Fig. 2. Supervisor (downward assessment) https://scispace.com/papers/who-is-an-efficient-and-effective-physician-evidence-from-mfaf6d6x0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectral-clustering-silhouette-coefficient-0-6650-341k7i9p.png Figure 4: Spectral Clustering - Silhouette coefficient = 0.6650, AUC = 0.8233 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-efficiency-model-individual-sa0qqpyo.png Table 2: Regression Results - Efficiency Model - Individual Physician https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-random-forest-clustering-silhouette-coefficient-0-1ybkhwxc.png Figure 3: Random Forest Clustering - Silhouette coefficient = 0.6790, AUC = 0.8487 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-k-means-clustering-silhouette-coefficient-0-6890-2ltkzv4j.png Figure 2: K-means Clustering - Silhouette coefficient = 0.6890, AUC = 0.8533 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-effectiveness-model-peer-2amsrfe8.png Table 3: Regression Results - Effectiveness Model - Peer Physician https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-results-effectiveness-model-individual-dsyz123z.png Table 1: Regression Results - Effectiveness Model - Individual Physician https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-physicians-performance-scores-1gmwlrck.png Figure 1: Physicians’ Performance Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-efficiency-model-peer-physician-1e40olqo.png Table 4: Regression Results - Efficiency Model - Peer Physician https://scispace.com/papers/who-is-in-the-transition-gap-transition-from-camhs-to-amhs-3fbjkdl89v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-details-total-sample-n-62-287es3h1.png Table 1: Demographic Details (Total sample, n=62) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-and-clinical-details-young-people-with-4uayk5t9.png Table 2: Demographic and Clinical Details (Young people with MH need, n=47) https://scispace.com/papers/whole-genome-sequences-of-aedes-aegypti-linn-field-isolates-3nua9asni3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mapping-statistics-of-the-fastq-files-generated-for-1ebhxpg8.png Table 1: Mapping statistics of the fastq files generated for AEBAN1 and AEBAN2 https://scispace.com/papers/who-supported-the-early-muslim-brotherhood-2krkaioq0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-inset-showing-gamgara-al-gadida-from-egypt-16epyxs1.png Figure 11: Inset showing Gamgara al-Gadida from "Egypt, geological: Compiled, drawn and printed by the Department of Survey and Mines, Giza, Egypt, November 1937" https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-stamp-of-muhammad-muhammad-abu-al-alaa-shubra-2e91m2fi.png Figure 9: Stamp of Muhammad Muhammad Abu al-’Alaa, Shubra petition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-occupational-backgrounds-of-egyptian-mps-1936-36lrqmfz.png Figure 1: Occupational backgrounds of Egyptian MPs, 1936 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-employment-in-agriculture-and-literacy-rate-by-c4i9nmcn.png Figure 12: Employment in agriculture and literacy rate by subdistrict, 1937. Notes: red lines mark the median subdistrict. Points are weighted by total population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-el-guindi-family-figure-14-nuseir-family-lulrjjnd.png Figure 13: El-Guindi Family Figure 14: Nuseir Family https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicting-the-number-of-signatories-by-occupational-1ptt6xk7.png Table 1: Predicting the number of signatories by occupational sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparing-literacy-of-muslim-brotherhood-3eg5pplw.png Figure 10: Comparing literacy of Muslim Brotherhood supporters to the population. Notes: the point represents the district average located on bootstrapped 95 percent confidence intervals. The 45° red line marks equal proportionality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-map-sheet-showing-gamgara-al-gadida-in-banha-29uqcrcj.png Figure 15: Map sheet showing Gamgara al-Gadida in Banha, Qalyubiyya https://scispace.com/papers/why-a-regional-approach-to-postgraduate-water-education-3kdvxlkq3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-citations-of-articles-published-in-the-waternet-3cb67gqg.png Table 2. Citations of articles published in the WaterNet/WARFSA Special issues of Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2002–2011. Based on Scopus (www.scopus.com), consulted January 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-waternet-master-in-iwrm-graduates-2004-2011-sjjcrnxa.png Fig. 3.WaterNet Master in IWRM graduates, 2004–2011. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-new-structure-of-the-regional-master-programme-in-iwrm-2pv9rw9h.png Fig. 2. New structure of the regional Master programme in IWRM, as at 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-waternet-and-its-mutually-reinforcing-activities-3pyel6d7.png Fig. 1.WaterNet and its mutually reinforcing activities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-articles-that-address-selected-targets-of-the-mdgs-1l8odj3p.png Table 4.Articles that address selected targets of the MDGs, and published in the WaterNet/WARFSA Special issues of Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2002–2011. https://scispace.com/papers/why-did-abolishing-fees-not-increase-public-school-4q44io90ef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-distribution-function-of-per-pupil-kfl0v3er.png Figure 2: Cumulative distribution function of per pupil funding (fees plus grants) in public primary schools, before and after FPE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enrollment-determinants-of-the-dj-1tzg7giw.png Table 4: Enrollment: Determinants of the δj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-net-enrollment-rates-by-sector-before-and-after-fpe-3m3uozjv.png Figure 1: Net enrollment rates, by sector, before and after FPE, based on household survey data (WMS & KIHBS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-household-educational-expenditure-exp-on-primary-exp-3nctwevg.png Table 2: Household educational expenditure Exp. on Primary Exp. on Secondary https://scispace.com/papers/why-individual-investors-want-dividends-1cb8sja6lp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-demographic-statistics-of-survey-respondents-1f7tdpzx.png Table 1 Summary demographic statistics of survey respondents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-demographic-distributions-of-survey-respondents-among-1ehelyhf.png Fig. 1. Demographic distributions of survey respondents. Among survey respondents, there are 555 investors who own stocks and/or investment funds, and there are 1,480 non-investors who do not own stocks or investment funds. This figure shows the age, income and education distributions of investors and non-investors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-responses-to-behavioral-finance-questions-tod5h2pl.png Table 4 Responses to Behavioral Finance Questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-responses-to-general-dividend-questions-155binzo.png Table 3 Responses to General Dividend Questions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-responses-to-questions-on-stock-dividends-djmzm0o3.png Table 5 Responses to Questions on Stock Dividends https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-responses-to-questions-on-cash-dividends-2a0g298w.png Table 2 Responses to questions on cash dividends https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-language-unique-to-humans-45f31w84c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-in-total-haemoglobin-for-newborn-italian-po6zhlix.png FIG. 1. Changes in total haemoglobin for newborn Italian infants. Each infant contributes more than three blocks in each one of the conditions. All blocks are summed across infants. (a) Indicates how the probes were placed over the left and right hemispheres (LH, RH). (b) Results showing the activity recorded over each one of the hemispheres. Darkest grey, forward speech; lightest grey, backward speech; intermediate grey, silence. Reproduced by permission of Peña et al (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-v-is-the-mean-proportion-of-the-utterances-in-a-1wylnlis.png FIG. 2. %V is the mean proportion of the utterances in a language that is occupied by vowels and DC or StDev(C) is the standard deviation of the consonantal intervals. The plot incorporates eight languages spoken by four female speakers. Each speaker utters 20 sentences (each language is represented by 20 utterances). The distribution of the languages is compatible with the notion that they can be grouped into three classes as predicted by linguists’ intuitions. Reprinted from Ramus et al (1999), with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/papers/why-join-a-team-4r3bo426p9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-regressions-on-choice-of-option-2-24itgeqt.png Table 3: Probit Regressions on Choice of Option 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-teaching-on-performance-pfgr5ehi.png Table 4: Effects of Teaching on Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-choice-to-join-a-team-option-2-22pwk3x0.png Table 2: Choice to Join a Team (Option 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-nonogram-and-its-solution-3ks1qcia.png Figure 1: Example of a nonogram and its solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-payoffs-for-high-ability-types-in-stages-2-38uom2ge.png Table 5: Average Payoffs for High Ability Types in Stages 2 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-treatments-2bfugapg.png Table 1: Summary of Treatments https://scispace.com/papers/why-pay-our-fair-share-how-perceived-influence-over-laws-21v866ksn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-4w3csnll.png Table 5: Regression Analysis (Continued) Panel B: With Country-Level Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tax-evasion-and-perception-of-influence-over-laws-2hpioczw.png Table 2: Tax Evasion and Perception of Influence over Laws (Continued) Panel B: Evasion and Influence by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-continued-panel-b-with-country-2pn4rftw.png Table 5: Regression Analysis (Continued) Panel B: With Country-Level Control Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tax-evasion-and-perception-of-influence-over-laws-8f6zxx9k.png Table 2: Tax Evasion and Perception of Influence over Laws (Continued) Panel B: Evasion and Influence by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-correlation-matrix-z2b1v8jj.png Table 4: Univariate Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-anti-corruption-perceptions-index-interactions-3arqt6lz.png Table 7: Anti-Corruption Perceptions Index Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-2kt49qd5.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-tjx67gto.png Table 1: Sample Selection https://scispace.com/papers/why-some-children-accept-under-informative-utterances-4v1cdprln1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-3-point-rating-scale-from-the-ternary-judgement-291yg9wf.png Figure 1. The 3-point rating scale from the ternary judgement task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-under-informative-statements-that-1jsiq3c0.png Figure 5. Distribution of under-informative statements that were rewarded with the top reward (large strawberry) by the twenty participants who accepted all statements in the binary task https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictions-of-behaviour-towards-under-informative-1o5kp77c.png Table 1. Predictions of behaviour towards under-informative statements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditions-in-the-binary-judgement-task-8885hj0b.png Table 2. Conditions in the binary judgement task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-distribution-of-small-medium-and-large-3pcvzcdg.png Figure 4. The distribution of small, medium, and large strawberries awarded in each of the different conditions. The number in parentheses refers to the number of objects in the display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-acceptances-of-under-informative-2x522ayj.png Figure 3. Distribution of acceptances of under-informative statements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reaction-times-for-the-accepters-of-under-2ezfko4y.png Table 3. Reaction times for the accepters of under-informative statements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-correct-responses-in-the-different-1qgpnxef.png Figure 2. Percentage of correct responses in the different conditions. The number in parentheses refers to the number of objects in the display. Note that in this paper, we label the rejection of an under-informative statement as a correct response. https://scispace.com/papers/why-were-latin-america-s-tariffs-so-much-higher-than-asia-s-54und2qnrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tariff-levels-in-asia-1870-1950-d0ifhnzt.png FIGURE 7 TARIFF LEVELS IN ASIA, 1870-1950 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tariff-autonomy-1870-1938-3pwffykh.png TABLE 1 TARIFF AUTONOMY 1870-1938 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-tariff-levels-by-period-1870-1938-w83i0j3k.png TABLE 4 AVERAGE TARIFF LEVELS BY PERIOD 1870-1938 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-british-tariffs-vs-tariffs-in-the-empire-2l39sf34.png FIGURE 1 BRITISH TARIFFS VS. TARIFFS IN THE EMPIRE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-filipino-tariffs-vs-spanish-and-american-tariffs-3223h76d.png FIGURE 2 FILIPINO TARIFFS VS. SPANISH AND AMERICAN TARIFFS https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-oaxaca-blinder-decomposition-of-ln-own-tariff-latin-17be08lm.png TABLE 8 OAXACA–BLINDER DECOMPOSITION OF LN(OWN TARIFF), LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regional-average-and-standard-deviation-of-tariff-20wnkhm5.png FIGURE 4 REGIONAL AVERAGE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF TARIFF LEVELS: LATIN AMERICA VS. ASIA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regional-summary-of-tariff-levels-1870-1913-2yvog3rj.png TABLE 3 REGIONAL SUMMARY OF TARIFF LEVELS, 1870-1913 https://scispace.com/papers/wide-bandgap-semiconductor-based-micro-nano-devices-2hum7d2f6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-transfer-characteristics-for-continuous-wave-cw-2jf7mh2d.png Figure 11. Investigation on the influence brought by DIBL effect on large signal performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-the-reflection-coefficient-s11-and-b-the-small-t9eniegs.png Figure 10. (a) the reflection coefficient |S11| and (b) the small-signal gain |S21| of the amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-photograph-of-the-measurement-setup-for-the-w-band-1147jk9l.png Figure 15. Photograph of the measurement setup for the W band MMIC power amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-photograph-of-a-w-band-gallium-nitride-gan-2ar82spj.png Figure 14. Photograph of a W-band Gallium Nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) amplifer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-schematic-of-w-band-amplifier-a-preceding-stage-1p9u7dwz.png Figure 13. Schematic of W band amplifier: (a) Preceding stage and (b) Post stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-investigation-on-the-influence-brought-by-dibl-2gxald7k.png Figure 11. Investigation on the influence brought by DIBL effect on large signal performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-between-simulated-impedance-chart-and-ryraqpeb.png Figure 12. Comparison between simulated impedance chart and measured one: (a) maximum Pout and (b) maximum power added efficiency (PAE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-photograph-of-on-wafer-load-pull-system-setup-1hr9wklp.png Figure 10. (a) the reflection coefficient |S11| and (b) the small-signal gain |S21| of the amplifier. https://scispace.com/papers/wiener-filters-in-canonical-coordinates-for-transform-coding-2cvxj3zwko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-canonical-wiener-filter-in-a-frequency-and-b-time-3e30lm7k.png Fig. 4. Canonical Wiener filter in (a) frequency and (b) time domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-components-of-distortion-a-squared-canonical-24f89yos.png Fig. 3. Components of distortion. (a) Squared canonical correlation. (b) Infinite-precision distortion. (c) Extra components of distortion due to rank reduction and quantizing. (d) Finite-precision distortion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wiener-filter-in-various-coordinate-systems-14bvx5xl.png Fig. 2. Wiener filter in various coordinate systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-filtering-problem-a6wpg1l3.png Fig. 1. Filtering problem. https://scispace.com/papers/willingness-to-pay-death-wealth-and-damages-3k7ir0a6u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wtp-to-reduce-risk-by-1-as-initial-risk-changes-tokw7ady.png Figure 1: WTP to reduce risk by 1% as initial risk changes https://scispace.com/papers/willow-growth-in-response-to-nutrients-and-moisture-on-a-2a32rdvpvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-soil-and-moisture-stress-treatments-on-m2c99jmn.png Table 1. The effect of soil and moisture stress treatments on canopy diameter measured in July 2000 and July 2001. The top part of the table shows treatment means and the bottom part shows the significance of treatment main effects and interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-running-7-day-average-eto-and-et-per-plant-of-non-1y5memjz.png Figure 6. Running 7-day average ETo and ET per plant of non stressed (NS) and stressed (S) plants growing in soil treatments S1 (A), S3 (B) and S4 (C) during 2001. ETo values in each figure have been calculated for the canopy ground cover area of trees with the average canopy diameter for each treatment. Bars represent the standard error of the means. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationship-between-throughfall-and-rainfall-29w1vrac.png Figure 2. The relationship between throughfall and rainfall for one of the most vigorous (18) and least vigorous (20) plants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-presents-annual-wue-values-for-the-different-3lf7zx8y.png Table 2 presents annual WUE values for the different treatments based on annual stem biomass production (WUE(stem)) and each season’s water use and a cumulative WUE (WUE(plant)) which is based on the dry mass of stems, stumps and roots at harvest in 2001 plus stems harvested in 1999 and the total ET over the 3 growing seasons. For WUE(stem), there was a significant effect of soil in all years and WUE(stem) values generally decreased in the order S4>S3>S2>S1. There was a marked increase in the WUE(stem) of S2 plants in 2001 following the application of fertiliser to this treatment but in the other treatments WUE(stem) was highest in 2000, the season after cut-back. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-treatment-means-for-the-quantity-of-water-lysimeter-179qeije.png Figure 3. Treatment means for the quantity of water lysimeter-1 (l) added as throughfall (TL), stemflow or irrigation and lost as drainage during the 2001 growing season. Bars indicate the standard error of each mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-biomass-plant-1-of-stems-harvested-in-1999-972ms05b.png Figure 8. Total biomass plant-1 (of stems harvested in 1999 and 2001 and of stump and root harvested in 2001) on cumulative plant evapotranspiration over the same period for different soil and water stress treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-relationship-between-seasonal-et-and-lad-for-2xf5apgp.png Figure 7. The relationship between seasonal ET and LAD for stressed and non-stressed plants in 2001. The fitted lines are y = 0.80x + 132.78 (se slope 0.04; se intercept 28.31; r2 0.98; 10 df) for unstressed plants and y = 0.60x + 116.58 (se slope 0.02; se intercept 12.20; r2 0.98) for stressed plants. The sections indicated by arrows show the reduction in seasonal ET in the S4 treatment attributable to stomatal conductance and to reduced leaf area duration (LAD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-relationship-between-plant-canopy-interception-j1v3kcu5.png Figure 4. The relationship between plant canopy interception (expressed as a percentage of gross precipitation) and plant maximum LAI during the 2001 growing season https://scispace.com/papers/wind-loads-on-heliostats-and-photovoltaic-trackers-of-1sm8f0g5u0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cfz-dra-dra-1-pet-at-load-case-2-2nd64ym8.png Figure 13: cFz · dra / dra=1,Pet at load case 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-cmy-dra-dra-1-pet-at-load-case-4-2osgz7jk.png Figure 21: cMy · dra / dra=1,Pet at load case 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-cmz-dra-dra-1-pet-at-load-case-3-1v3xr6u6.png Figure 22: cMz · dra / dra=1,Pet at load case 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-of-measuring-points-for-facet-a-36lfz9g7.png Table 1: Positions of measuring points for facet A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sections-of-pressure-measurements-at-four-facets-a-1e6dqlt0.png Figure 8: Sections of pressure measurements at four facets “A” – “D” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heliostat-models-with-aspect-ratio-0-5-1-0-1-2-1-5-2sr5pe8p.png Figure 1: Heliostat models with aspect ratio 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cfz-dra-dra-1-pet-at-load-case-4-3tscyyii.png Figure 14: cFz · dra / dra=1,Pet at load case 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cfx-dra-dra-1-pet-at-load-case-4-3tpbzo31.png Figure 11: cFx · dra / dra=1,Pet at load case 4 https://scispace.com/papers/wind-speed-and-direction-estimation-from-wave-spectra-using-1l7aew3w4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bias-1st-row-and-rmse-2nd-row-of-dnn-estimated-w5z3q3xf.png Figure 1. The bias (1st row) and RMSE (2nd row) of DNN-estimated wind speed and RMSE of DNN-estimated wind direction (when wind speed is higher than 7 m/s, 3rd row) for the individual NDBC buoys in the North Pacific (left), the west coast of the 75 United States (middle), and the Atlantic region (right). The overall RMSEs of wind speed and wind direction (when wind speed is higher than 7 m/s) are ~1.1 m/s and ~14°, respectively, for the complete validation data set. Therefore, blue and red colors in RMSE maps indicate below and above the overall RMSE, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-comparison-between-wind-speeds-measured-by-eywk55jv.png Figure 2. (a-c) Comparison between wind speeds measured by buoys and those estimated by wave spectra. (a) Scatter plot of 110 collocated DNN-estimated wind speed and direct-measured wind speed. (b) The same as (a), but the spectra were used to estimate the wind speed one hour ago. (c) The bias, STD, and RMSE of the DNN-estimated wind speed one hour ago as a function of directmeasured wind speed. The blue shadow indicates the empirical distribution function of direct-measured wind speed. (d-f) The same as (a-c), but for wind directions. https://scispace.com/papers/wind-tunnel-manoeuvre-rig-a-multi-dof-test-platform-for-3lfqj7t9is 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timing-characteristics-2vea1v6i.png Figure 4. Timing characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hawk-model-closed-loop-response-to-a-roll-rate-2qza1pvm.png Figure 8. Hawk model closed loop response to a roll rate demand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-manoeuvre-rig-graphical-user-interface-screen-shot-2sljzp65.png Figure 5. Manoeuvre rig graphical user interface screen shot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-manoeuvre-rig-and-the-new-3-dof-gimbal-2aod8l8a.png Figure 1. The manoeuvre rig and the new 3-DOF gimbal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hawk-model-roll-motion-response-to-a-doublet-input-1vsx0vm1.png Figure 6. Hawk model roll motion response to a doublet input to its ailerons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-manoeuvre-rig-mounted-in-two-of-the-university-61bln6gq.png Figure 2. The manoeuvre rig mounted in two of the University of Bristol’s wind tunnels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hawk-model-roll-motion-response-to-a-doublet-input-uz91r2da.png Figure 7. Hawk model roll motion response to a doublet input to its ailerons with roll compensation using manoeuvre rig. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-manoeuvre-rig-data-acquisition-system-20cbu21t.png Figure 3. The manoeuvre rig data acquisition system. https://scispace.com/papers/wing-pattern-specific-effects-of-experience-on-mating-4ad6eelz4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-female-behavior-during-early-exposure-did-not-2y308miq.png Table 2. Female behavior during early exposure did not influence male likelihood of courting in later female encounters. Test statistics and p-values from logistic regression models using composite behavioral variables PC1, PC2, PC3. N=51. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-loadings-for-principle-components-from-pca-for-27mfnxgj.png Table 1. Loadings for principle components from PCA for female behavior during the training period for day 10 males. https://scispace.com/papers/wing-shape-sensing-from-measured-strain-4e5up0ydfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-target-data-versus-computed-wing-slope-in-roll-kgc45h9g.png Table 2. Target data versus computed wing slope in roll direction at the wing tip section under 1g load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-overall-system-architecture-2blv18i7.png Figure 1. Block diagram of the overall system architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coordinate-system-used-in-this-study-3u0lt9ib.png Figure 2. Coordinate system used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-the-number-of-modes-on-the-wing-nltvnq1w.png Figure 8. Effect of the number of modes on the wing deflection during the second step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-piecewise-least-squares-curve-fit-of-curvature-12vghziw.png Figure 16. Piecewise least squares curve fit of curvature data along the leading-edge fiber for the test plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-data-versus-computed-wing-deflection-in-z-1emrfo5l.png Table 1. Target data versus computed wing deflection in Z direction at the wing tip section under 1g load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-deflection-results-under-the-leading-edge-load-rjxxrvbv.png Figure 17. Deflection results under the leading-edge load case for the test plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-computed-wingtip-deflection-versus-photogrammetry-11cob0wr.png Table 7. Computed wingtip deflection versus photogrammetry data. https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-sensor-networks-for-home-health-care-3mqxfqi9bu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-listense-prototype-1a5yt5xi.png Fig. 5. LISTENse prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-us-age-distributions-from-the-year-2000-us-census-24bpmgvd.png Fig. 6. The US age distributions from the year 2000 US Census. As the aging “baby-boomers” grow into the shaded region as shown by the horizontal arrow, hospital costs will rise sharply prompting the need for products of the kind shown in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sleepsafe-baby-monitor-for-detecting-infant-sleeping-2x101z89.png Fig. 1. SleepSafe baby monitor for detecting infant sleeping position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-baby-glove-prototype-2k15a23x.png Fig. 2. The Baby Glove prototype. https://scispace.com/papers/with-great-power-comes-great-ability-extending-research-on-d388ftwo0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-the-pt500-and-vpat-with-the-3w4x768n.png Table 2 Relationships between the PT500 and VPAT+, with the WSTB in law enforcement recruits (N = 308). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-data-mean-sd-for-the-pt500-vpat-and-wstb-2pc82i51.png Table 1 Descriptive data (mean ± SD) for the PT500, VPAT+, and WSTB in law enforcement recruits (N = 308). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-99oc-39rcl4gn.png Figure 2 The 99OC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dimensions-for-the-75pr-in-meters-m-a-and-the-26puckry.png Figure 1 The dimensions for the 75PR in meters (m; A) and the running direction (numbered in order; B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stepwise-linear-regression-analysis-between-the-4nnkmw3u.png Table 3 Stepwise linear regression analysis between the PT500 and VPAT+ with the WSTB in law enforcement recruits (N = 308). https://scispace.com/papers/withdrawn-antihistamines-for-the-common-cold-1e2pqkv82q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-of-bias-summary-review-authors-judgements-jdmt0tlx.png Figure 3. ’Risk of bias’ summary: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-34ot3ikk.png Figure 2. ’Risk of bias’ graph: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-subjective-severity-assessment-of-nasal-obstruction-1fl69xj6.png Table 2. Subjective severity assessment of nasal obstruction https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-subjective-severity-assessment-of-rhinorrhoea-3c43w4om.png Table 3. Subjective severity assessment of rhinorrhoea https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-study-selection-and-inclusion-process-1ymeu0hk.png Figure 1. Flow chart of study selection and inclusion process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-subjective-severity-assessment-of-sneezing-3e3739qt.png Table 4. Subjective severity assessment of sneezing https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-luxury-products-as-signals-to-other-women-1dpl4pmwr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-between-the-variables-and-1h5ay13t.png Table 2: Correlation coefficients between the variables and interaction term (meancentered) in the moderation analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-perceived-devotion-and-partner-1jwaxt69.png Figure 1: Comparison of perceived devotion and partner contribution variables between experimental conditions in Study 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-perceived-devotion-and-partner-2koer6kr.png Figure 2: Comparison of perceived devotion and partner contribution variables between experimental conditions in Study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-original-experiment-wang-3ayfwb1v.png Table 1: Comparison between the original experiment (Wang & Griskevicius, 2014, Study 1) and the replication experiment (Study 1). https://scispace.com/papers/woody-shrubs-as-a-barrier-to-invasion-by-cogongrass-imperata-3voiqd69eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-cogongrass-spikelet-release-at-281wj9gm.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of cogongrass spikelet release at Camp Shelby Training Site, MS. Forest associations varied in size but were of sufficient size that each association extended at least 50 m east and west of the polyvinyl chloride pipes inserted at the treelines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-cogongrass-spikelets-by-primary-3sl0gwqi.png Table 1. Percentage of cogongrass spikelets by primary dispersal location after five releases into three pine–tallgrass and pine– shrub vegetation associations at Camp Shelby Training Site, MS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-total-number-750-of-spikelets-by-1wxb1kdv.png Figure 2. Histogram of total number (750) of spikelets by dispersal distance intervals into three pine–shrub and pine– tallgrass forest associations at Camp Shelby Training Site, MS. An asterisk (*) indicates there was one spikelet within that dispersal distance interval. https://scispace.com/papers/work-function-anisotropy-and-surface-stability-of-half-8eg48latt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-atomic-relaxation-of-the-top-two-layers-3ab4diph.png TABLE I. Atomic relaxation of the top two layers perpendicular to the surface and the shortest chromiumoxygen distance at the surface. Distances are in Angstrom; positive values are toward the vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-density-of-states-for-the-minority-spin-direction-3k3yz4a1.png FIG. 8. The density of states for the minority spin direction of the relaxed 011 Cr , 011 O , and 011 OO slabs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-drawing-of-the-energy-levels-of-an-3q8cwbry.png FIG. 1. A schematic drawing of the energy levels of an electron injector/semiconductor interface. Filled and empty states are shaded dark and light gray, respectively. The work function of the injector is the difference between the chemical potential in the bulk and the vacuum potential. A mismatch in the chemical potential of the injector and conduction band of the semiconductor results in a potential barrier at the interface V . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-density-of-states-for-cro2-2x6699jo.png FIG. 3. Calculated density of states for CrO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-electrostatic-potential-v-averaged-over-a-surface-7ldn3hzt.png FIG. 9. The electrostatic potential V averaged over a surface unit cell of the 001 slab, as a function of the position in the slab. The slab runs from 0 to 16 Å. The dashed line indicates the electrostatic potential averaged over a bulk unit cell in the slab center. The position of the Fermi level with respect to the averaged electrostatic potential is taken from a calculation of bulk CrO2. The work function is also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-cro2-unit-cell-oxygen-atoms-are-large-2krcl05i.png FIG. 2. Color online A CrO2 unit cell. Oxygen atoms are large blue , while chromium atoms are small white . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-surface-energy-ev-nm2-of-the-different-110-surfaces-3qva8scn.png FIG. 11. Surface energy eV /nm2 of the different 110 surfaces as function of the chromium chemical potential Cr, eV . Bulk-terminated dotted lines and relaxed surfaces solid lines are shown. The chemical potential ranges from the chromium bulk one to that minus the binding energy of CrO2. The single oxygen 110 surface is stable in the largest part of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-surface-energy-ev-nm2-of-the-different-011-surfaces-1vv3urn7.png FIG. 10. Surface energy eV /nm2 of the different 011 surfaces as function of the chromium chemical potential Cr, eV . Bulk-terminated dotted lines and relaxed surfaces solid lines are shown. The chemical potential ranges from the chromium bulk one to that minus the binding energy of CrO2. The 011 surface with half an oxygen atom per unit cell is stable in the largest part of the plot. https://scispace.com/papers/work-organization-human-resource-practices-and-employee-1rk9p0fajh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-analysis-predicting-employee-2zuesivp.png Table 2. Logistic regression analysis predicting employee retention https://scispace.com/papers/workforce-scheduling-and-routing-problems-literature-survey-1dv5huw5pn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-average-minimum-and-maximum-time-window-duration-in-19jalbej.png Fig. 10: Average, minimum and maximum time window duration (in minutes) for the 56 instances in the group Sol 20. Some instances do not have diversity in their time windows duration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-percentage-gap-values-for-356-instances-where-the-1k1slepa.png Fig. 12: Percentage gap values for 356 instances where the solver found feasible solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-aggregated-gap-percentage-values-reported-for-the-121ehtpr.png Fig. 14: Aggregated gap percentage values reported for the instances in each data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-distribution-of-gap-percentage-values-reported-for-2ljh6kjz.png Fig. 13: Distribution of gap percentage values reported for each instance in each data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-percentage-of-activities-that-employees-can-perform-391ufynu.png Fig. 8: Percentage of activities that employees can perform given their set of skills. The label in each bar indicates the percentage of activities that the average employee can perform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-horizons-lengths-for-instances-in-each-data-set-89w7tbo7.png Fig. 7: Time horizons’ lengths for instances in each data set (after adapting the Sec ones). The majority of instances are a day or less 1,444 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-average-minimum-and-maximum-time-window-duration-in-282fvomq.png Fig. 9: Average, minimum and maximum time window duration (in minutes) for HHC, Mov, Sec, Sol and Tech groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gap-reduction-as-computation-time-progresses-in-a-case-1xkrjkbs.png Fig. 1: Gap reduction as computation time progresses in a case in which the solver found the optimal solution. The optimal solution is reported after 241620 seconds (approx. 67 hours) but a considerable gap reduction is achieved during first two hours. https://scispace.com/papers/worksite-weight-loss-intervention-for-employees-in-stressful-h51z74du7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-worksite-employees-18lfyxat.png Table 1: Baseline Characteristics of Worksite Employees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-hedonic-ratings-of-groups-at-baseline-range-11nly3pl.png Table 5: Average hedonic ratings of groups at baseline range from disliked – unpleasurable items. * Neutral in the middle (0), and intermediate labels of weakly (±6), moderately (±17), strongly (±35), and very strongly (±54) like/dislike, strongest liking/disliking (±100). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-joint-distribution-between-measured-cdc-bmi-1cstrlxu.png Table 4: The joint distribution between measured CDC BMI categories and perceived body size based on the Stunkard figures (1=very thin, 2-3 normal, 4-6 overweight, 7-9 obese) showing concordance (shaded) and discordance (un-shaded) at baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lessons-for-intervention-sessions-1hcrtmgh.png Table 2: Lessons for intervention sessions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-bmi-waist-circumference-classification-3dlrdg5c.png Table 3: Participants BMI/Waist-circumference classification. *CDC classifications including waist circumference normal as <35 in. for females and <40 in. for males; waist elevated above these cutoffs (www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ guidelines/obesity/prctgd_c.pdf) https://scispace.com/papers/worldwide-sustainability-hotspots-in-potato-cultivation-1-4w9ny6nq4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-accumulated-precipitation-surplus-l1z6b14h.png Fig. 4 Average accumulated precipitation surplus (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) during potato growth period (mm cycle−1; weather data from Jones and Harris 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-daily-maximum-temperature-during-the-growth-x6daj2ll.png Fig. 5 Average daily maximum temperature during the growth period of potato (°C per grid cell; weather data from Jones and Harris 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-occurrence-of-slopes-over-2-in-potato-growing-areas-285is5sc.png Fig. 3 Occurrence of slopes over 2% in potato growing areas. The% in the legend indicates the proportion of the area in a grid cell with slopes over 2% (Fischer et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-harvested-areas-of-potatoes-around-the-year-2000-ha-oudnusno.png Fig. 1 Harvested areas of potatoes around the year 2000 (ha per grid cell; Monfreda et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fresh-tuber-yield-of-potatoes-around-the-year-2000-of-1ky3wzcd.png Fig. 2 Fresh tuber yield of potatoes around the year 2000 of grid cells with harvested area >0 (tons ha−1 harvest−1; Monfreda et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/write-once-read-many-times-memory-based-on-zno-on-p-si-for-21bvbetkdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coexistence-of-worm-memory-and-rram-in-one-cell-1gpb835u.png Fig. 4. Coexistence of WORM memory and RRAM in one cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-c-afm-image-of-the-surface-of-zno-thin-film-b-spot-1pklmh65.png Fig. 5. (a) C-AFM image of the surface of ZnO thin film. (b) Spot of 5 nm corresponding to the black square area in (a). (c) Typical SEM images of blown-off and bubble areas on top of contact for ON-state WORM memory. (d) Magnified images of the bubble in the rectangular area of (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-switching-characteristics-of-the-worm-memory-black-rsep42m3.png Fig. 1. (a) Switching characteristics of the WORM memory. (Black squares) Current–voltage (I–V ) characteristic of the WORM memory before writing (OFF state). (Red circles) Data for the WORM memory after writing (ON state). (Bottom right inset) Device structure of the WORM memory. (Top right inset) I–V characteristic for the writing process. (Left inset) Probability of the resistance ratio between OFF and ON states for 100 devices of 30 μm × 30 μm. (b) Dependence of ON- and OFF-state resistances and writing power on current compliance during the writing process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-resistance-for-on-and-off-states-on-the-sh7c3p46.png Fig. 3. Dependence of resistance for ON and OFF states on the area of the device. (Inset) Cumulative probability of writing voltage for different device areas [(noted as “1” in the inset) 30 × 30, (2) 50 × 50, (3) 100 × 100, (4) 200 × 200, (5) 400 × 400, and (6) 600 × 600 μm2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-retention-and-b-endurance-characteristics-of-the-zno-18mxn39h.png Fig. 2. (a) Retention and (b) endurance characteristics of the ZnO WORM memory device in the ON and OFF states at a read voltage of 1.0 V. (c) Dependence of resistance on measurement temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/writing-the-literature-review-graduate-student-experiences-29ys8vii45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-focus-group-participant-information-32lo1g0y.png Table 1 Focus Group Participant Information https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-optics-at-nasa-marshall-space-flight-center-1ko6j0fyr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-micro-x-enr-x-ray-optics-showing-fabrication-of-the-r7k63jvu.png Figure 6. Micro-X ENR x-ray optics, showing fabrication of the first mandrel (Left) and a schematic of the optical bench (Right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-astronomical-rontgen-telescope-art-onboard-spectrum-1fv01r1p.png Figure 7. Astronomical Röntgen Telescope (ART) onboard Spectrum-Röntgen-Gamma (SRG). The ART drawing (Left) shows its 7 mirror assemblies and star tracker (top) and 7 detector collimators (bottom). The SRG drawing (Right) displays the two co-aligned telescope optical benches for ART and for eROSITA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nasas-chandra-x-ray-observatory-left-provides-sub-2spiujrl.png Figure 1. NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory (Left) provides sub-arcsecond x-ray imaging of cosmic sources using four precision grazing-incidence mirror pairs (Right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-x-ray-microscope-for-radionuclide-imaging-showing-2-33giegsz.png Figure 8. X-ray microscope for radionuclide imaging, showing 2 of 4 hyperboloid–ellipsoid shells (Left) coaxially nested to provide 4X magnification (Left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-metrology-results-showing-the-axial-profile-left-1v01wvjf.png Figure 12. Metrology results showing the axial profile (Left) before correction and after the first and second corrections using differential deposition, as well as the corresponding calculated HEW (Left). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-zeeko-intelligent-robotic-polisher-irp-left-and-31hu47rq.png Figure 13. Zeeko Intelligent Robotic Polisher (IRP, Left) and Zeiss Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM, Right), each shown with a 500-mm-diameter thin-walled full shell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-basic-steps-in-electroforming-a-nickel-replica-full-372meo05.png Figure 3. Basic steps in electroforming a nickel replica full-shell grazing-incidence mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-steps-in-fabricating-a-precision-mandrel-for-1ogdvqkk.png Figure 2. Basic steps in fabricating a precision mandrel for electroformed nickel replication. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-emission-from-magnetic-massive-stars-2b0rymbnhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-variability-studies-wk2j11w4.png Table 8 Summary of Variability Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-targets-with-the-details-of-the-x-ray-96qmhuj1.png Table 2 List of Targets with the Details of the X-ray Observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-3wbqhj95.png Table 5 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ratio-between-the-x-ray-luminosity-and-the-inlq0rwl.png Figure 4. Ratio between the X-ray luminosity and the bolometric luminosity as a function of mass-loss rate or bolometric luminosity. Symbols are as in previous figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-best-fit-relations-of-the-x-ray-luminosity-3huq8gq6.png Table 7 Best-fit Relations of the X-Ray Luminosity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-x-ray-luminosities-of-magnetic-3mmbrhqg.png Figure 5. Comparison of the X-ray luminosities of magnetic stars (corrected for ISM-absorption, from 4T fits) with the predicted values using the formula of Babel & Montmerle (1997a). Green rightward-pointing arrows indicate lower limits on the predicted luminosities when only lower limits on the dipolar field strengths are known, the solid line corresponds to a one-to-one correlation while the dotted line is located 1.8 dex below. Other symbols are as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-luminosities-ism-absorption-corrected-in-the-0-5-10-20a23lp7.png Table 3 Luminosities (ISM Absorption Corrected, in the 0.5–10.0 keV band) and LX/LBOL Ratios for Faint X-Ray Detections of Magnetic Stars. Upper Limits of the Same Quantities (90%) for Non-detected Objects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-x-ray-luminosity-corrected-for-ism-absorption-from-jscr9ozf.png Figure 3. X-ray luminosity (corrected for ISM absorption, from 4T fits) as a function of mass-loss rate. Filled blue dots correspond to O stars, black empty triangles to B stars, and magenta crosses and downward-pointing arrows to faint detections and upper limits on the X-ray luminosity, respectively. The labeled line on the top panel illustrates a LX ∝ Ṁ relation, whereas we show on the bottom panel the best-fit relations (see text and Table 7). Stars of particular interest are labeled according to their identification number in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-crystallographic-and-computational-study-on-uranyl-2amt84yuux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-molecular-formula-of-complex-1-b-crystal-structure-3spakr2i.png Fig. 1 (a) Molecular formula of complex 1. (b) Crystal structure of 1·MeCN (YALSOU); colour code: C = grey, H = light grey, N = blue, O = red, and U = cyan; the uranyl coordinated MeCN solvent molecule, contributing to the definition of the pentagonal bipyramidal coordination, was omitted for clarity; geometrical parameters ϕ, ϕ’, and ϕ’’ are shown; (c) flipping motion between the two enantiomeric forms in the case of a UO2-complex made with a generic non-symmetrically substituted salophen ligand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-of-a-ph-values-and-b-ph-ph-values-for-all-bsuyqz14.png Fig. 4 Plots of (a) ϕ values and (b) |ϕ’ − ϕ’’| values for all relevant previously reported salophen–UO2 complexes (○), with their CSD code, and for complexes 2–5 ( ) and 6 (●). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crystal-structures-of-the-complexes-1-mecn-yalsou-top-1rjikqjc.png Fig. 2 Crystal structures of the complexes 1·MeCN (YALSOU) (top) and 2·EtOH (bottom). UO2-coordinated solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. Colour code: C = grey, H = light grey, N = blue, O = red, and U = cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-entropic-enthalpic-and-overall-gibbs-energy-balance-d43hw2kw.png Table 1 Entropic, enthalpic, and overall Gibbs energy balance for the three considered structural models with different occupancies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-images-of-selected-p-stacking-interaction-motifs-for-a-oa7x22x2.png Fig. 5 Images of selected π-stacking interaction motifs for (a) 2·EtOH, (b) 2·MeOH, (c) 3·MeCN, and (d) 4·DMF. Closest intermolecular distances are indicated (cyan lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-mecn-unit-cell-projection-along-a-axis-displayed-2gejhj0n.png Fig. 6 3·MeCN unit-cell projection along a axis displayed together with two neighboring molecules to highlight the characteristic packing layout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-molecular-formulae-left-and-dft-calculated-structures-1s75t4mw.png Fig. 8 Molecular formulae (left) and DFT-calculated structures with the corresponding f parameters (right) for complexes (a) 7a, (b) 7b, and (c) 7c. Colour code: C = grey, H = light grey, N = blue, O = red, and U = cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-mecn-a-and-2-etoh-b-homo-isosurfaces-with-positive-q2l6jwvj.png Fig. 7 1·MeCN (a) and 2·EtOH (b) HOMO isosurfaces with positive (red) and negative (green) values. Neither the presence of the NO2 group nor https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-tomographic-reconstruction-4m0wtp78lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-iron-and-calcium-distributions-a-iron-35ubnyfq.png Figure 2: Simulated iron and calcium distributions. (a) Iron without correction for attenuation. (b) Iron with correction for attenuation. (c) Calcium without correction for attenuation. (d) Calcium with correction for attenuation. [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-fluorescence-tomography-5-22q5ys28.png Figure 3: Diagram of fluorescence tomography [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/x-warehousing-an-xml-based-approach-for-warehousing-complex-1ehbrx1ws1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-architecture-b-interface-of-the-x-warehousing-3ublsckk.png Fig. 6. (a) Architecture (b) Interface of the X-Warehousing application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conceptual-model-of-suspicious-region-data-cube-39xlhe97.png Fig. 2. Conceptual model of “Suspicious Region” data cube https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-logical-model-of-the-suspicious-region-xml-cube-2olh5dtb.png Fig. 9. Logical model of the “Suspicious Region” XML Cube https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-fusion-of-two-attribute-trees-by-a-pruning-23148ofb.png Fig. 5. Examples of fusion of two attribute trees by (a) pruning and by (b) grafting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-attribute-tree-of-input-xml-documents-398y4e2c.png Fig. 8. Attribute tree of input XML documents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-an-xml-fact-1vcjoe5j.png Fig. 3. An example of an XML fact https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-x-warehousing-approach-23hd8wi7.png Fig. 1. Overview of the X-Warehousing approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-function-mergetree-2oeejv4g.png Fig. 7. The function MergeTree https://scispace.com/papers/xd-a-cross-layer-designed-data-collection-mechanism-for-k0k7szzphw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cdf-of-end-to-end-delay-in-zigbee-stack-1kdgcf03.png Figure 11. CDF of End-to-End Delay in Zigbee Stack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cdf-of-end-to-end-delay-in-md-zmac-stack-10mymf1t.png Figure 12. CDF of End-to-End Delay in MD+ZMAC Stack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-control-and-data-packets-2wmvq63a.png Figure 1. Flow of Control and Data Packets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-types-of-collision-in-md-2c6fhd74.png Figure 2. Types of Collision in MD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-extended-tdma-schedule-1j9k4byh.png Figure 4. Extended TDMA Schedule https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hidden-terminal-effect-around-sink-1u9rp892.png Figure 5. Hidden Terminal Effect around Sink. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-level-tdma-schedule-bek1nd33.png Figure 3. Three-Level TDMA Schedule https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cdf-of-end-to-end-delay-1upqlbf2.png Figure 7. CDF of End-to-End Delay https://scispace.com/papers/xmm-newton-view-of-swift-j1834-9-0846-and-its-magnetar-wind-39mtdzexzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-upper-panel-data-and-power-law-fit-to-the-swift-2mkwakr6.png Figure 5. Upper panel: data and power-law fit to the Swift J1834.9−0846 postoutburst XMM-Newton data. Lower panel: data and blackbody fit to the Swift J1834.9−0846 post-outburst XMM-Newton data. In both panels, black dots, blue diamonds, and red stars represent PN, MOS1, and MOS2 data, respectively. Residuals are shown in terms of sigma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-data-and-pl-fit-to-the-second-time-segment-see-the-2sntad6e.png Figure 6. Data and PL fit to the second time segment (see the text) of the post-outburst XMM-Newton observation of Swift J1834.9−0846. Residuals are shown in terms of sigma. The arrows indicate potential emission and absorption features at ∼3.7 and 4.2 keV, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-upper-panel-data-and-power-law-fit-to-region-b-1u0gwhyo.png Figure 7. Upper panel: data and power-law fit to region B during the postoutburst XMM-Newton observation. Lower panel: data and power-law fit to region A during the post-outburst XMM-Newton observation. Black dots, blue diamonds, and red stars represent PN, MOS1, and MOS2 data, respectively. Residuals are shown in terms of sigma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-long-term-light-curves-of-the-fluxes-2-10-kev-of-3hx6cidu.png Figure 8. Long-term light curves of the fluxes (2–10 keV) of Swift J1834.9−0846 (black dots) and region B (red stars). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-model-parameters-fluxes-and-luminosities-of-2f1b7rlk.png Table 1 Spectral Model Parameters, Fluxes, and Luminosities of Swift J1834.9−0846 and its Surrounding Medium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-luminosity-of-normal-pwne-as-a-function-of-the-1nxd0can.png Figure 10. Luminosity of normal PWNe as a function of the rotational energy loss of their corresponding pulsars. Data presented as black dots are taken from Kargaltsev & Pavlov (2008), whereas the blue star represents the high-B source RRAT J1819−1458 (Rea et al. 2009b). The dashed line represents the ηX = 0.2 of RRAT J1819−1458, and the solid line represents the ηX = 0.7 of Swift J1834.9−0846. The three red dots represent the luminosity of the candidate MWN around Swift J1834.9−0846 at the detected epochs. (Figure adapted from Rea et al. 2009b.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-post-outburst-persistent-x-ray-light-curve-of-swift-378qbehq.png Figure 9. Post-outburst persistent X-ray light curve of Swift J1834.9−0846 based on 48 days of Swift/XRT data (dashed line, K+12); day 1 corresponds to the Swift trigger. The dots represent the Chandra and XMM-Newton postoutburst point-source fluxes (2–10 keV), respectively, while the diamonds represent the fluxes of region A during the same observations. The dashed line represents the Swift/XRT decay slope of −0.5; the solid and dot-dashed lines are decay trends of the point source and region A with the same slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-post-outburst-xmm-newton-epic-pn-observation-of-sv0n24c1.png Figure 1. Post-outburst XMM-Newton EPIC-PN observation of Swift J1834.9−0846 in 2011 (obs. 2, upper and middle panels) and pre-outburst 2005 EPIC MOS1+MOS2 observation (obs. 1, bottom panel). The middle and bottom images are Gaussian smoothed with an FWHM of 5.0 pixels (20′′). The smallest green circle with a 25′′ radius represents the Swift J1834.9−0846 point-source emission. The annulus with 25′′ r 50′′ represents the symmetrical extended emission around the point source (region A). The ellipse of major (minor) axis of 145′′ (95′′) encloses the asymmetrical extended emission around Swift J1834.9−0846 (region B). Other sources in the field are labeled. North is up and west is right. https://scispace.com/papers/xy-model-with-weak-random-anisotropy-in-a-symmetry-breaking-58zd7voo9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hysteresis-loops-obtained-for-three-values-of-d-j-0-1-1uzaqawj.png FIG. 7. Hysteresis loops obtained for three values of D/J: 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-different-shapes-of-the-infinite-strings-for-the-same-1ehyvzv3.png FIG. 9. Different shapes of the infinite strings for the same applied field but two different values of D/J: 0.3 and 0.6. Note that the weaker the anisotropy is, the more straight is the string. Compare also with Fig. 8(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-spatial-repartition-of-vortices-for-d-j-3pll5nq1.png FIG. 3. An example of spatial repartition of vortices for D/J =0.6 [same spin configuration as in Fig. 1{h)]. The color indicates the charge of the vortices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spin-spin-correlation-function-in-s-s-vs-r-for-three-13zjmub2.png FIG. 4. Spin-spin correlation function In(S, S, ) vs r for three values of D/J: 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. Inset: Correlation length RF vs D/J. (b) Angle-angle correlation function ((8;—8, )2lr ) vs 1nr for comparison with the formula given Ref. 14 (formula I in the text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-first-magnetization-curves-for-three-values-of-d-j-0-1-2904bxpa.png FIG. 5. First magnetization curves for three values of D/J: 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. Inset: Number of vortices n vs the applied field H /J for the same values of D /J. https://scispace.com/papers/year-1-of-the-ztf-high-cadence-galactic-plane-survey-3lvnwzllmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hr-diagram-of-the-newly-discovered-pulsators-the-32k3ocyd.png Figure 10. HR diagram of the newly discovered pulsators. The grey dots show known hot subdwarfs selected from Geier (2020) The grey shaded region corresponds to the underlying HR diagram showing the position of the main sequence and the red giant branch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sky-density-of-candidate-white-dwarfs-and-hot-11h69kda.png Figure 1. Sky density of candidate white dwarfs and hot subdwarfs selected from Gaia DR2 with the selected fields of the ZTF high-cadence Galactic plane survey observed in ZTF year-1. The squares show individual ZTF fields which have been observed in high-cadence Galactic plane observations. The white lines correspond to the Galactic equator and |b| = 15o. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-light-curves-of-different-types-of-variable-2kjd1go9.png Figure 8. Example light curves of different types of variable objects discovered in the high-cadence Galactic plane survey. Upper left-hand panel: accreting sdB binary (Kupfer et al. 2020a). Upper right-hand panel: eclipsing double white dwarf (Burdge et al. 2020a). Middle left-hand panel: compact radial mode pulsator (Kupfer et al. 2019b). Middle right-hand panel: ZZ Ceti pulsator (Guidry et al. 2020). Lowest panel: flaring star. https://scispace.com/papers/you-can-t-repeal-regret-targeting-men-for-mobilisation-in-4rm04v0qwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-types-of-men-featured-in-twitter-images-in-the-2018-2gg5i2ao.png Table 3: Types of Men Featured in Twitter Images in the 2018 Irish Abortion Referendum Campaigns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-number-of-tweets-and-tweets-involving-men-in-hisguk59.png Table 2: Total Number of Tweets and Tweets Involving Men in Irish Abortion Campaigns https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-organization-account-details-1rcsv9te.png Table 1: Organization Account Details https://scispace.com/papers/young-l2-learners-online-processing-of-information-in-a-11vc2a608i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-eye-tracking-measures-1bgrzuhj.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of eye-tracking measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-eye-tracking-measures-for-the-to94m411.png Table 5: Correlations between eye-tracking measures for the text AOIs and reading comprehension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-glmms-data-normalized-by-number-of-bf9cy8t0.png Table 4: Results of the GLMMs (data normalized by number of words). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-eye-tracking-measures-in-3alk8gtl.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of eye-tracking measures in the text areas (data normalized by number of words). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-glmms-26ujsgt3.png Table 2: Results of the GLMMs. https://scispace.com/papers/your-house-or-your-credit-card-which-would-you-choose-12tewmzes9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vb-delinquency-regression-results-2apq0xw2.png TABLE Va: DELINQUENCY REGRESSION RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-specification-choice-2l5ge70f.png TABLE VII: SPECIFICATION CHOICE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-delinquency-penalties-2bymb0id.png TABLE II: DELINQUENCY PENALTIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ivb-alternate-sources-of-liquidity-2tkorj75.png TABLE IVb: ALTERNATE SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-delinquency-choice-3qh7dxf9.png TABLE I: DELINQUENCY CHOICE https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-distressed-states-n4e0s83z.png TABLE VIII: DISTRESSED STATES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iva-alternate-sources-of-liquidity-2p33y15i.png TABLE IVb: ALTERNATE SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY https://scispace.com/figures/table-va-delinquency-regression-results-3jzt77hu.png TABLE Va: DELINQUENCY REGRESSION RESULTS https://scispace.com/papers/your-privilege-gives-your-privacy-away-an-analysis-of-a-home-nnocanfn5f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-traffic-rates-for-the-examined-hsc-and-nest-2grd7ose.png Fig. 5: Normalized traffic rates for the examined HSC and Nest HSC in live streaming mode and motion detection mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distr-of-regularity-value-of-different-clusters-of-2izfkyqa.png Fig. 6: Distr. of regularity value of different clusters of users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-accuracy-of-upload-behavior-prediction-333egjsr.png Fig. 7: Distribution of accuracy of upload behavior prediction (hit rate) for users of different ranges of regularity value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-user-clustering-for-live-streaming-1qy73ya0.png TABLE II: User clustering for live streaming. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-per-user-characteristics-of-replay-mode-34q6m00s.png Fig. 1: Per-user characteristics of replay mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-volume-distribution-6mhbrq0w.png TABLE I: Data volume distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-proportion-of-users-who-have-watched-a-video-from-2ohvm4si.png Fig. 3: The proportion of users who have watched a video from the same BGP prefix as the camera for none, all or some of the views in each user component. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-clustering-active-premium-users-nyq8dkm6.png TABLE III: Clustering active premium users. https://scispace.com/papers/zebrafish-xenograft-models-of-cancer-and-metastasis-for-drug-4ui5vc9gyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-overview-of-zebrafish-xenotransplantation-studies-1jxg80rt.png Table 1 An overview of zebrafish xenotransplantation studies assessing metastatic processes and summarises the injection methods, cancer cell type and zebrafish lines used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mouse-and-zebrafish-2riipahx.png Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of mouse and zebrafish experimental models https://scispace.com/papers/zengen-a-tool-to-generate-ordered-configurations-for-4t5ftcxcnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-periodic-table-showing-the-available-elements-in-2w8vf08e.png Figure 2: Periodic table showing the available elements in Zengen code (see pure folder). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-computed-quaternary-ni-isocomposition-sections-at-3r0if18o.png Figure 7: Computed quaternary Ni-isocomposition sections at 1423 K of Cr–Mo–Ni–Re phase diagrams for 10, 20, 25 and 30 at %-Ni. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-literature-ternary-phase-diagrams-of-cr-mo-ni-at-i4fwfjq5.png Figure 3: Literature ternary phase diagrams of Cr–Mo–Ni at 1323 K [30], Cr–Mo–Re at 1425 K [15], Cr–Ni–Re at 1573 K [33], Mo–Ni–Re at 1473 K [34]. Only solid solutions and the σ−phase are colored. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-available-phases-for-calculation-in-3kwygoxe.png Table 1: List of the available phases for calculation in ZenGen (code of the phase, Strukturbericht, prototype, Space group, Pearson symbol, number of sublattices and additional comments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-using-the-bwg-approximation-computed-ternary-phase-2e5mga4w.png Figure 4: Using the BWG approximation, computed ternary phase diagrams of Cr–Mo–Ni, Cr–Mo–Re, Cr–Ni–Re and Mo–Ni–Re at 1423 K. The solid solutions are considered as ideal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enthalpy-of-mixing-in-the-mo-re-solid-solutions-2bvc5ug2.png Figure 5: Enthalpy of mixing in the Mo–Re solid solutions calculated using SQS methodology of the three phases f cc, bcc and hcp. Dash line represents the fitted excess energy considered for the computed phase diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regular-0l-interaction-parameter-term-kj-mol-6l4tw268.png Table 3: Regular 0L interaction parameter term (kJ/mol) obtained by SQS calculation. They are given for the six binary systems in the three structures : f cc, bcc, hcp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-s-phase-configurations-with-average-valence-2aq2pxrf.png Table 2: Selected σ−phase configurations with average valence electron number ē and their heat of formation ∆ f Hσi jklm (in kJ/at) calculated in the present study or in a previous works. https://scispace.com/papers/zeolite-supported-pd-electrocatalyst-nanoparticle-4qtrerugn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-steady-state-cyclic-voltammogram-cv-measurement-hdwgrjq4.png Figure 5. Steady State Cyclic Voltammogram (CV) measurement using 1.5 wt% Pd on XC72R carbon powder Nafion@ bound working electrode made by a commercial 40 wt% Pd on XC-72R carbon electrocatalyst mixed with extra carbon powder (denoted as 15PdXC-72R), https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ex-situ-exafs-data-fitting-results-for-data-2coy6ydq.png Table 3. The ex-situ EXAFS data fitting results for data collected at the Pd K edge at ambient room temperature for catalyst sample 15Pdancr40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ex-situ-exafs-chi-data-and-fourier-transforms-3i2bvgha.png Figure 4. The ex-situ EXAFS Chi data and Fourier transforms and their fitting results for catalyst sample 15Pdancr40, phase corrected. The data were collected at ambient room temperature in air. The solid lines represent the experimental data, and the dotted symbols represent the fitted data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-in-situ-exafs-data-fitted-at-the-pd-k-edge-in-2mv1jl7y.png Table 4. The in-situ EXAFS data fitted at the Pd K edge in hydride region at the potential of -0.675 V, -0.65 V, -0.5 V and + 0.5 V via MMS reference electrode [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-cv-measurements-to-determine-the-1t2gihgi.png Figure 6. Comparison of CV measurements to determine the catalyst performance of 15Pdancr40 – calcined and reduced at 400 oC; 15Pdanc35r36 – calcined at 350 oC and reduced at 360 oC; 15Pdanc25r36 – calcined at 250 oC and reduced at 360 oC, respectively. The CV was measured at scan rate of 1 mV s-1 in 2.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4 at the potential region of -0.675 V to 0.4 V vs MMS reference electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ex-situ-exafs-data-fitting-results-for-data-18hg9szt.png Table 2. The ex-situ EXAFS data fitting results for data collected at the Pd K edge at ambient room temperature for catalyst sample 15Pdanc35r36 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ex-situ-exafs-chi-data-and-fourier-transforms-20x0h58s.png Figure 3. The ex-situ EXAFS Chi data and Fourier transforms and their fitting results for catalyst sample 15Pdanc35r36, phase corrected. The data were collected at ambient room temperature in air. The solid lines represent the experimental data, and the dotted symbols represent the fitted data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-depicts-pd-migration-controlled-3fe03zy4.png Figure 1. A schematic diagram depicts Pd migration controlled by calcinations (denoted as ‘C’) and reduction (denoted as ‘R’) process. https://scispace.com/papers/zeolitic-imidazole-framework-coated-acoustic-sensors-for-35gm2pajnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-response-of-a-qcm-sensor-coated-with-2-cycle-zif-8-13xhmdpu.png Figure 8. Response of a QCM sensor coated with 2-cycle ZIF-8 film to various concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in N2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-amount-of-gas-adsorbed-into-zif-8-films-obtained-2v48jt59.png Table 2. Amount of gas adsorbed into ZIF-8 films obtained from SAW and QCM sensors and in to ZIF-8 powder obtained from gravimetric method. The mass adsorbed per unit volume of the films for exposure of unit vol-% of the gases in N2 were calculated by Eq. 1 – 3 using the slope of the sensor output versus concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-images-a-c-and-x-23qczrcw.png Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (a-c) and X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) spectra (d) of 3-cycle dip-coated ZIF-8 films on Y-Z LiNbO3. The cross-sectional SEM showed that 1-cycle dip coating of the precursors produced a 100-nm thick ZIF-8 film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-real-time-phase-of-a-3-cycle-zif-8-film-coated-2gzvywqf.png Figure 6 (a) Real time phase of a 3-cycle ZIF-8 film-coated SAW sensor measured in wired mode for various gases exposure. Inset is the response of a 2-cycle film-coated SAW sensor to pure CO2 and CH4 for repeated exposure. (b) Wirelessly measured real time phase of a 2-cycle film-coated SAW sensor for pure CO2 (70 L/min). Shown wireless measurement was performed using commercial whip antennas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-a-a-zif-8-crystal-and-its-films-8tqnw171.png Figure 1. Schematic of (a) a ZIF-8 crystal and its films applied to (b) surface acoustic wave (SAW) and (c) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-boundary-conditions-used-for-finite-element-modeling-3eutbe0m.png Table 1. Boundary conditions used for finite element modeling of ZIF-8/SAW devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-geometry-considered-for-finite-element-modeling-wds94b8x.png Figure 2. (a) Geometry considered for finite element modeling of SAW devices coated with ZIF-8 film and (b) the total surface displacements on a free surface of Y-Z LiNbO3 SAW device at resonance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-responses-of-saw-sensors-with-varied-zif-8-film-14cgeqwi.png Figure 9. Responses of SAW sensors with varied ZIF-8 film thickness (100 nm – 300 nm) to various concentrations of (a) CO2 (a) (b) CH4. https://scispace.com/papers/zn-mg-and-zn-ag-degradation-mechanism-under-biologically-2qun8e5dch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-cast-alloy-samples-as-a7u4vgon.png Table 1: Chemical composition of cast alloy samples (as determined by ICP-OES).